~4
Sewwe be
a ondnees
sp ae
*
if
5
43
He
‘s
e
por:
oper ger
2 er ks
Bae
oes,
fs
=e
pets
beets‘
aerated
Dom gee oes
cession ed
Peres
ant
Se Deed pie ver
A DO LR Se
‘ana i
re
.
Gs
ae
4
ise
My
Gey
SH OO)
Ke
st
THE
OLS Tala
Archeeological & Natural History
MAGAAINE,
Published under the Direction of the Society
FORMED IN THAT COUNTY, A.D. 1853.
Epitep By Rev. E. H. Gopparp, F.S.A., CLYFFE VICARAGE, SWINDON.
VOL XLIII.
Nos. 142—146. JuNgE, 1925—JuNg, 1927.
|
DEVIZES:
C. H. Woopwarp, Excuance BuiILpINnGs, Station Roan,
———— |
JUNE, 1927.
CONTENTS (OF VOL: XLIII.
No, CXLII. Jung, 1925.
Excavations of the Priories of Bradenstoke, Monkton Farleigh,
and Kington: By Harold Brakspear, F.S.A.................00008 1— 25
Wiltshire Newspapers—Past and Present. Part III. (Continued).
The Newspapers of South Wilts: By Mrs. Herbert Richard-
son, B.A., sometime Scholar of St. Hugh’s College, Oxford... 26— 38
The Seventy-First General Meeting of the Wiltshire Archzological
and Natural History Society, held at Salisbury, August 11th,
Heir PSC ODA 8a, oe) secdosecavacccucesdscedeosiss Jan 89 47
Figsbury Rings. An account of Excavations in 1924: By Mrs.
(VIPER IMTS LOM... i ate sescce ote cosssecessaccusccassecss iecateceecoaeels 48— 58
An Inhabited Site of La Tene it date, on Swallowcliffe Down :
By R. C. C. Clay, M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P., F.S.A., F.R.A.L.. 59— 93
A Pagan Saxon Cemetery at Brondohalics- By R. C. C. Clay.
MERC Selb OlP., HS A. FARGASL gic.cecucsdesssmiigtontey se lbee 94—101
A Pagan Saxon Burial at Ebbesbourne Wake, By R. C. C. Clay,
MERGO@RSs les Cabs, BN S.A., MOR ASL. c.pccsecvse coats ib ercetecsoe sos 101
Wilts Oltimawe a ce Mm iER NEURON Valo y edhe calla leaiiieaceueed eee 102—115
Wiltshire Books, Eaapislees! AMM ATEICIOS ost. awcss seen e cacacs 115—189
Additions to Museum and Library...............sceccesesoceccesecseccecees 140—142
No. CXLIII. DEcEmBErR, 1925.
Savernake Forest Fungi, Part II.: By Cecil P. Hurst............... 1483—155
Flint Implements from the Nadder Valley, South Wilts: By R.
C. C. Clay, M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P., F.S.A., F.R.A.I, seseseeeee LE6—162
The Church of St. John the Baptist, ingicsham Wilts : By C. E.
Ponting, F.S.A. . [ vesees 163—167
The Evans Family of Nout Wilts : Bp Canon F. AL Manley Bene ie 168—174
A Complete List of the Ancient Monuments in Wiltshire scheduled
under the Ancient Monuments Act, 1913 (up to March, 1925) 175—179
Objects found during Excavations on the Romano-British Site at
Cold Kitchen Hill, Brixton Deverell, 1924: By R.deC. Nan
Kivell . -..e. 180—191
The Wietoms of tthe: iM anne ap Glue Aad Bremball By the
Karl of Kerry .. ea . 192—206
The so-called “ onward Stone: ? at Ohm Ganserer.. Wilts : By
H. St. George Gray... se.ee 207—212
The Seventy-Second General Micating of the Wiltshire veholo:
gical and Natural History Society held at Cirencester, August
GUE GuMpwANG BEIOI5 elec ee.ok eth ekensoceededasseveseesececedccale, 213—220
Wilts Otay SdOb05 509 0EE-S TOON EL GE HEROS HAHA ne Maan FEMS ba de EDR AUCU 221—226
Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and ericiess Aecenesenneneeeeese a= 20 L
Additions to Museum and Library .. bo poo booUeUObA Abnvodbondoo doa onl —vaan
Accounts of the Society for the Year 1924 Be URS PU AGG AE BE DS Wis ts AERA 253—255
iV. CONTENTS OF VOL. XLIII.
No. CXLIV. JUNE, 1926.
List of Bronze Age Drinking Cups found in Wiltshire: By Mrs.
Ma HM: Cunmmin eto... 2... .5.<2-s0 as deesioetneseulte stele nee ee eee . 267—284,
The Society's MSS. The Deeds of Seagry House: By Canon F.
Hi. Manley ?......%:: enue . 285—310
Report on Human Remains (ace ihoma Mr. aN ip: Basoinena.
By Sir Arthur Keith, M.D., F.R.S. . ee . 3l1— 312
The Woodminton Group of Barrows, Barmeigealle - Es RB. Cc C.
Clay, M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P., F.S.A. sale sais . 313—326
Objects found during Excavations on ne Romano- Bren Site ab
Cold Kitchen Hill, Brixton Deverell, Walks: By R. de C.
Nan Kivell .. RR AE onc con bao re SCRE RP REPAE Ib dascon. ves ee!
Di (0 62 Oe a oreo Sorc in hodoon odode GEREIEBOR mo bcp oomaco joo 333—353
Wilts Obituary .. BEAR ci ese de ve bap peeneee OOo aoe
Wiltshire Books, “Bernabe, “ane ‘AvGelea: BREEN ces Sivas een 358—383
Additions to Museum and Library . Dio séawoctectoercscginaen oS4e—oee
Accounts of the Society for the Year 1925 | sivsel vossestaetse: GBO-—3O8
No. CXLV. DeEcEmMBER, 1926.
Objects found during Excavations on the Romano-British Site at
Stockton Earthworks, 1923: By R. de C. Nan Kivell ......... 389—394
Notes on Recent Prehistoric Finds: By Mrs. M. E. Cunnington
(Beakers, W. Overton and Beckhampton ; Cinerary Urns,
Figheldean, Lavington, and Knoyle; Barrows, Market
Lavington and Shepherds’ Shore) .............cc.essecceceeeceenesees 895—400
The Society’s MSS. Abstracts of Deeds relating to the Family
of Methuen at Bradford, Corsham, Melksham, Chitterne,
and Beckington: By Canon E. P. Knubley .. < ... 401—431
The Barrows on Middle Down, Alvediston : Bye R. rl C. ‘Clay.
M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P., F.S.A.. .. 4382—439
The Seventy-Third Gener Meeting: of ite Wiltshire ‘Apehesalget:
cal and Natural History Society, held at Chippenham,
August 9th, 10th, and 11th, 1926 . Ba cae . 440—448
Sheep Farming in Wiltshire, with a hone ‘History we “ike ebeiiite
shire Down Breed: By G. B. Hony.. seseesereee 449 —464,
Savernake Forest Fungi, Part III.: By Gear Pp, nce ... 465—476
Notes on Purton Tithe Books: By S. W. Shaw................ceseecee 477 —482
Guy’s Rift, Slaughterford, Wilts: An Early Iron Age Habita-
tion : By Toa: Hewer <.scse.sdoes cemes cece eerie amiatcaiscs «ae seemeenen A83—489
Two Bronze Age Beaker Burials at Netheravon: By Mrs. M. E.
Ounmim ston wits siseds ee sale aes See a tic i050 si 490—491
A Bibliographical Catalogue of Printed Materials for the History
and Topography of Wiltshire, arranged alphabetically under
Parishes; By Rev.. E:.H. Goddardi2 yee)... eee 492—493
Wilts Obituary ..... syeiaionie dia 'e,039 w.nais delle siaajsiere aes Mee eteeneeOtn site sce se SeeenEe 493—496
Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles .......cccscscssscscescecscees 496—508
Additions to Museum and Library ...........cccscecvcescecsccscses Sas 509—510
CONTENTS OF VOL, XLIII. Ve
No. CXLVI. Juwe, 1927.
Worsham: By Harold Brakspear, FiS:A. ..:.....ccc.ceesecsceres sos sccees 511—539
Supplementary Report on the Early Iron Age Village on Swallow-
cliffe Down: By R. C. C. Clay, F.S.A. £ . 540—547
The Barrows on Marleycombe Hill, Bower helices (1926) : 3
(S, (l, Olle. TPIS ote Ree come eee one are 548—556
Wilts Obituary .. sMelncelswatie udsieneasetac dayne: OD ¢—= DOO
Wiltshire Books, Eemiphicts! ‘and ‘articles. AM Guat nce At ie SER Ge OOOO E
Agoitions:to. Museum and Tibrary: «......0....0.fsccscecdavocetecceseuess 572—573
URGES WO. Olle DXGLOY GB ESR Rete en Ara ene nr 574—640
Illustrations.
Bradenstoke Priory, plan of precinct, 8. Monkton Farleigh Priory, plan of
precinct, 13. Kington Priory, plan of precinct, 21. Views of Bradenstoke
Priory ; Views of Kington Priory ; Plans of Bradenstoke Priory, Monk-
ton Farleigh Priory, and Kington Priory, 24. Sections of Ditches and
Ramparts, Figsbury Rings, 55,56. Figsbury Camp, Plan, 58. Portion
of Wooden Loom Frame, Swallowcliffe Down, 63. Sections of Stratified
and Impressed Ring Eye Beads, 89. Plates I.—XIII.—Plans of Pits;
Swallowcliffe Down, and Drawings of Objects found in them, 92. Plate
T.—Plan of Saxon Cemetery, Broadchalke, 94, Plate II.—Iron objects
from Saxon Cemetery, Broadchalke, and Barrow, Ebbesbourne, 95.
Plates I. and II.—Flint Implements from the Greensand Terrace, 8,
Wilts, 161. Figs. 1—6, Inglesham Church, Wilts, 162. Moredon House.
Rodbourne Cheney, 168. Plates I.—XV.—Objects found during Ex-
cavations at Cold Kitchen Hill, 182-190. Map A.—The Open Fields
of Calstone Manor, showing the Strips or Lynchets into which
they were divided c. 1725, 194. Map B.—The Coombes of Calstone
Down. From air photographs taken by Alex. Keiller, F.S.A., Scot., 194.
The so-called “ Kenward Stone” at Chute Causeway, 208. Excavation —
of the so-called “ Kenward Stone” at Chute Causeway. 209. Plan of
Cuttings made at the Excavation of the so-called “ Kenward Stone,”
Chute Causeway, 209. Map of Seagry and District, 290. Objects from
the Woodminton Group of Barrows, Bowerchalke, Plates I.—V., 322.
Objects found at Cold Kitchen Hill, Brixton Deverell, Plates I.—VIII.,
330. Plan of a New Stone in the Kennett Avenue as excavated, 342.
Objects of Early Iron Age from N. Wilts (Passmore Collection), Plates
J. and II., 342—343. Stone perforated Mace Head found near Bilbury
Camp, Wylye, 344. Recumbent Gravestone of the 12th century found in
Court Street, Trowbridge, 1924, 345. The Devizes Skippett (14th century
or earlier), 346. Late Celtic Bronze Enamelled Cheek-piece of Bit from
Middle Chase Farm, Bowerchalke, 352, Plan of Stonehenge, 358. Ob-
jects found at Stockton Earthworks, Plates I.—V., 392. Notes on Recent
Prehistoric Finds, Plates I.—IV., 396. Sections of Barrows, Market
CONTENTS OF VOL. XLIII,
Lavington and Bishops Cannings, 396—397. The Barrows on Middle
Down, Alvediston, Sections of Barrows, 483—435 ; Plan, 486. The Old
Wiltshire Horned Sheep and the Hampshire Down, Plates I.—VIL., 460.
Guy’s Rift, Slaughterford, and Skull, 483—489. Two Bronze Age Beaker
Burials at Netheravon, 490. Corsham, Map and 10 Plates, 526. Section
of Pit, Swallowcliffe Down, 541. Objects from Early Iron Age Pits,
Swallowcliffe Down, 542—543, The Barrows on Marleycombe Hill,
Bowerchalke, 548—554, "
» O RAT 4AVE
ye cleo eG |
fox &F% &
(re
a &
No. CXLII. JUNE, 1925. Vou. XLIII.
WILTSHIRE
Archeological & Natural History
— MAGAZINE,
PUBLISHED UNDER THE DIRECTION OF THE
SOCIETY FORMED IN THAT COUNTY,
A.D. 13853,
EDITED BY
REV. E. H. GODDARD, Clyffe Vicarage, Swindon.
[The authors of the papers printed in this ‘‘ Magazine” are alone responsible for all
statements made therein],
DEVIZES :
PRINTED FOR THE Society By C. H. Woopwakxp,
ExcHaNnceE Buripines, Station Roap.
Price 8s. Members, Gratis.
NOTICE TO MEMBERS.
TAKE NOTICE that a copious Index for the preceding eight
volumes of the Magazine will be found at the end of Vols.
viii., xvi, xxlv., and xxxii. The subsequent Volumes are —
each fully indexed separately,
The annual subscription is now raised to 15s. 6d., the entrance fee
for new Members remaining 10s. 6d. as before.
Members who have not paid their Subscriptions to the Society for
the current year, are requested to remit the same forthwith to
the Financial Secretary, Mr. DAVID OWEN, Bank Chambers,
Devizes, to whom also all communications as to the supply
of Magazines should be addressed.
The Numbers of this Magazine will be delivered gratis, as issued,
to Members who are not in arrear of their Annual Subserip-
tions, but in accordance with Byelaw No. 8 “The Financial
Secretary shall give notice to Members in arrear, and the
Society’s publications will not be forwarded to Members whose
Subseriptions shall remain unpaid after such notice.”
All other communications to be addressed to the Honorary Secre-
tary: the Rev. i. H. Gopparp, Clyffe Vicarage, Swindon.
THE SOCIETY’S: PUBLICATIONS.
To be obtained of Mr. D. OWEN, Bank Chambers, Devizes.
THE BRITISH AND ROMAN ANTIQUITIES OF THE NORTH
WILTSHIRE DOWNS, by the Rev. A. C. Smith, M.A, One Volume, Atlas
4to, 248 pp., 17 large Maps, and 110 Woodcuts, Extra Cloth. Price £2 2s.
One copy offered to each Member of the Society at £1 11s. 6d.
THE FLOWERING PLANTS OF WILTSHIRE. One Volume, 8vo.
504 pp., with Map, Cloth. By the Rev. T. A. Preston, M.A. Price to the
Public 16s. ; but one copy offered to every Member of the Society at half-price.
CATALOGUE or tor STOURHHAD COLLECTION or ANTIQUITIES
IN THE SOCIETY’S MUSEUM, with 175 Ulustrations. Part I. Price |s. 6d.
CATALOGUE. or ANTIQUITIES in toe SOCIETY'S MUSEUM.
Part II. 1911. Fully illustrated. Price 2s,
CATALOGUE or tHe SOCIETY’S LIBRARY av tran MUSEUM.
Price 1s. APPENDIX No. [., I1., and III., 3d. each.
CATALOGUE or DRAWINGS, PRINTS, anp Maps, In THu SOCIETY'S
LIBRARY at tor MUSEUM. Price 1s. 6d. — |
CATALOGUE or WILTSHIRE TRADE TOKENS in tor SOCIETY’S —
COLLECTION. Price 6d.
BACK NUMBERS or tut MAGAZINE. Price to the Public, 8s., 5s. 6d.,
and ds. 6d. (except in the case of a few numbers, the price of which is raised).
Members are allowed a reduction of 25 per cent. from these prices.
WILTSHIRE
Archeological & Natural History
MAGAAINK.
No. CXLILI. JUNE, 1925. Vou. XLII.
Contents. PAGE.
EXCAVATIONS OF THE PRIORIES OF BRADENSTOKE, MoNKTON
FARLEIGH, AND Kineton: By Harold Brakspear, Esq.,F.S.A. 1— 25
WILTSHIRE NrEWwsPAPERS—Past AND Present. Part III.
(Continued). THr NEWSPAPERS oF SoutH Witts: By
Mrs. Herbert Richardson, B.A., sometime Scholar of St.
MCSE ONE COMOXTOLG s.rccecave cu ocehnccescecsdsnssseeccesedece ses 26— 38
THE SEVENTY-First GENERAL MEETING oF THE WILTSHIRE
ARCHAOLOGICAL AND NaturAL History SocIETY, HELD
AT SALISBURY, AUGUST 11th, 12th, and 13th, 1924............ 39— 47
Fiegspury Rines. AN AccouNT oF EXCAVATIONS in 1924: By
Mrs. M. E. Cunnington... ; 3 48— 58
AN INHABITED Site oF La cn me DATE, ON oe a oe ouErE
Down: By R. C. C. oe M. R.CS., TLRIC:P:, Bh: S:A.;
Ban TA I ; saa ~09— 93
A PAGAN Sco Onan - AT ine perme 3 By R. ic! C.
CliygeMeineC:s., b.R.C.P., F.S.A.,FRAL ici cceccdwscetes, 94—101
A PaGaN Saxon Burial at EBBESBORNE WakE: By R.C.C.
Clayrevibn-@.S., L:R.C.P.. F.S.A., F.R:Ads ..00.50....03000). 101
WILTS OBITUARY ........ Nn ea meeaeeance O22 115
WILTSHIRE Books, Pomnmerarerons. AND , haparemna,, Denia e Naccteriter es 115—139
ADDITIONS TO MUSEUM AND LIBRARY ...............ccseceeeeseeve ves 140—142
ILLUSTRATIONS.
Bradenstoke Priory, plan of precinct .............--sseceeeseeeees 3
Monkton Farleigh Priory, plan of precinct ............csseeeees 13
Kingcont Priory, plan of precinct ...:..<<s0.0.0..0-.ecasccesedesseses 21
Views of Bradenstoke Priory. Views of Kington Priory.
Plans of Bradenstoke Priory, Monkton Farleigh Priory,
AMAMAGIIN COM PIOLY.-cc. ccc cscec choses bosacabesclee soc ccdevesecedese 24,
Sections of Ditches and Ramparts, Figsbury Rings Oh 55, 56
Portion of Wooden Loom Frame, Swallowcliffe Down ...... 63
Sections of Stratified and Impressed Ring Eye Bead.......... 89
Plates I.—XIII.—Plans of Pits, Swallowcliffe Down and
Drawings of Objects found in them ...........ccecece cee ece ees 92
Plate I.—Plan of Saxon Cemetery, Broadchalke ............... 94,
Plate II.—Iron objects from Saxon Cemetery, Broadchalke,
AG: DALrOwaMDIWES DOWLING saci soc.c..ccosoesnce soe scencecderesoncsee 95
Drvizus :—C. H. Woopwarp, ExcHance Buitpinas, Sration Roan.
stay =e
?
WILTSHIRE MAGAZINE,
‘“ MULTORUM MANIBUS GRANDE LEVATUR ONUS,’—Ovid,
No. CXLII. JUNE, 1925. Vout. XLII.
EXCAVATIONS AT THE PRIORIES OF BRADENSTOKE,
MONKTON FARLEIGH, AND KINGTON.
By HarotpD BrakspkEaR, Esq., F.S.A.
[Reprinted by permission from Archwxologia, LXXIIL., 225—252.]
Wiltshire had at the Suppression fifteen religious houses, of which six
were of over £200 a year value and escaped the first attack by King Henry
VIII One had licence to continue. With the exception of five they
were all in the northern half of the county, and six were in the Avon valley
between Bath and Malmesbury
It has always been the hope of the writer to deal with this group in
detail as he was able to do with three of them, Lacock, Stanley, and
Malmesbury ; but time passes, and it does not seem likely that opportunity
will arise for any extensive excavations to be made on the sites except
perhaps in one case. ‘Therefore, so that the researches already made may
not be altogether lost, this paper is laid before the Society with a very
sincere apology for its incompleteness.
BRADENSTOKE PRIORY.
_ The priory of Bradenstoke is placed, in the unusual position fora monastic
_ house, on the top of a hill on the east side of the Avon river some six miles
north-east of Chippenham. ‘The remaining fragment of the priory can be
seen from a great distance, and the view from it extends over three counties,
In spite of the elevated position, the indispensable necessity of every
monastery, water, wells up within the precinct in vast quantities that have
never been known to fail.
_ The priory was founded in 1142 by Walter of Salisbury, for canons of the
order of St. Augustine, and was hallowed in honour of our Lady.'! The
eastern part of the Church and the buildings round the cloister were
doubtless erected with little delay. The house was richly endowed by the
| founder, who, after the death of his wife, became one of the canons. He
_and his wife were buried in the same grave juxta presbyterium. His son,
William, who was father of Kla, Countess of Salisbury, founder of Lacock
| 1 Mon. Ang. (london, 1849), vi., 337.
VOL. XLITI.—NO, CXLII. B
2 Excavations at the Priories of Bradenstoke, etc.
Abbey, was buried with his wife Elinor under a marble slab juxta vestibulum.*
In the thirteenth century a new aisle and porch were added to the nave
of the church, after which the claustral buildings seem to have been re-built,
and this rebuilding was continued gradually until the completion of the
western range in the early part of the fourteenth century. The great barn
was built at the end of that century.
A western tower was added to the nave at the end of the fourteenth or
the beginning of the fifteenth century. Later in the fifteenth century a
chapel was added on the south side of the nave, east of the porch. The
prior’s lodging was remade by Prior Thomas Walshe about 1490.
In 1535 “the king’s visitors” came to Bradenstoke “ where after exact
and diligent inquisicion we coulde not prove any cryme ageinst the Prior
but ij or thre of the convent were found convict of incontinencie.” 2
The house was valued at £270 10s. 8d., so it escaped the suppression of
smaller houses only to share their fate four years later, on the 18th January,
1539, when there were thirteen canons and a prior. The prior, William
Snow, was appointed first Dean of Bristol by the charter founding that see
on 4th June, 1542, and it is interesting to find that the head of another
Wiltshire house, Edington, was made the first bishop.4 Bradenstoke was
granted to one William Pexhill in exchange® and since then has passed
through many hands.
John Aubrey, the Wiltshire antiquary, was familiar with the remains of
this priory as they existed in his day, and it is a pity he says so little about
them. In his collections the references are very slight, and most of his
-short notes refer to wild ideas of the name of the place which is known
locally as Clack. However, he tells us,
At Broadstock Abbey is an overshot mill . . . Broad-Hinton
House, Bromham House, and Cadnam House were built of the Ruines
of Bradstock Abbey. The two former were burnt in the late Warres
and Cadnam is propt for fear of falling.®
In his Natural History of Wilts’ he says :—
The cellar, in which was a strong spring of water, the stateliest in |
Wilts. Thechurch had long been destroyed and the foundations digged |
up. On the west of the hall had once been the King’s lodgings which |
stood till 1588.
In 1732 the first known view of the place occurs in the collections of the |
brothers Buck and is of great value. It shows the western range complete |
‘to its northern gable and the porch remaining to the guest hali. The prior’s |
lodging is also shown complete with a buttress of the church adjoining it |
1 Register of Lacock, B.M. Cott. Vit. A. viit., vide Mon. Ang., vi., 501.
2 Letters and Papers For. and Dom., Hen. VIII, ix., 139.
3 Mon. Ang., V1., 337. ’
4 Survey of Cathedrals, Browne Willis (London, 1727), 777 and 784.
> Mon. Ang., V1., 337. |
© Wultshire Collections, Aubrey and Jackson (Devizes, 1862), 186 and 189 |
7 Ibid, 187. :
Ly Harold Brakspear, F.S,A, 3
to the south. The northern bay of the range was pulled down in the
seventeenth century but the western wall was left standing. The prior’s
lodging was pulled down early in the nineteenth century and replaced by a
two-storied building. The fireplace remained until about 1870 and was
then removed to Corsham Court.
In 1917 the property was bought by the Baron de Tuyle, who intended
to erect new buildings to form a large house, and during his ownership
excavations 'were made on the site of the nave of the Church and the
northern range of the cloister under the direction of the writer. It is to be
hoped that at some future time the remaining parts of the site may be
uncovered.
My,
4,
4%
ED
4, "5
4% «4
TUM ere,
=
MUM ay,
2 4
ig, &
ww Mas
ry ‘ Pass )
HOW WELL Se, he b
y SPRING
ee NS. Feet
Fig. 1.— Bradenstoke Priory, plan of precinct.
THE PRECINCT.
The bounds of the precinct are nowhere clearly traceable either by ditch
'' or wall, The gatehouse was probably to the south-west of the great barn
| (Fig. 1). |
| | Bree
4 Excavations at the Priories of Bradenstoke, etc.
THE CHURCH.
The Church occupied the south side of the cloister in spite of the site
being virtually level from north to south. It is a curious coincidence that
of the six monasteries along the Avon valley in Wiltshire four have their
Churches on the south side of the cloister, namely, Malmesbury, Bradenstoke,.
Stanley, and Lacock.
Canons’ Churches are notoriously varied on plan, and it is useless to:
suggest the nature of the eastern part of that at Bradenstoke until it has.
been traced by excavation.
The nave has been carefully examined, and Aubrey was perfectly correct
in saying that the foundations had been grubbed up. A few fagmentary
bits of foundation remained, but the greater part had been removed. ‘This,.
however, does not mean that they could not be traced. It must be re-
membered that when a building was first erected on a clear site trenches.
were cut in the untouched ground to receive the footings of the walls, and
if the line of the unmoved ground is carefully followed it is possible to.
trace the complete area of the foundations. 'This method was adopted and
the result has been the discovery of an interesting and unexpected group
of buildings.
The nave was approximately 126ft. long by 24ft. wide between the
foundations, or about 253ft. between the neat work, and was originally
aisleless. Vhe foundations of the south wall, 64ft. wide, remained for
almost the whole length of the nave. ‘he reason why they were not.
removed like the rest was that they formed a sleeper-wall under the main.
arcade, and their existence was not suspected. The foundations of the west.
wall were 9ft. in thickness.
In the thirteenth century an aisle was added on the south side of the
nave, 84ft wide between the foundations or 104ft. wide in the clear of the
walls. The foundations of the outer wall were 7ft. wide and had offsets on
the inner face to carry the vaulting shafts. ‘These offsets show that the
width of the bays was only 123ft. : on the outside face were large projections. |
for buttresses. |
‘The nave was divided into ten bays, but it is doubtful if the arcade was. |
continued up to the crossing. If the quire occupied the eastern part of the- |
nave, as was usually the case, the arcade was doubtless stopped before it |
reached the quire, as it did at Haughmond and Torre. The foundation of |
the west end of the aisle was not so wide as that of the original nave, and
there was a large block of foundation 10ft. square at the south-west angle: |
to take a vice.
Opposite the eighth bay from the east was a large square porch of the |
same date as the aisle, with square buttresses at the angles.
The nave and aisle were paved with pattern tiles of fourteenth century |
date which were found at about 23ft. below the present ground. They |
were much shattered by fallen débris and frost, and no definite arrangement |
was traceable in those parts which were exposed. All that were found|
were of two variations of a four-tile pattern of quatrefoils. In 1851 other}
tiles were found on the site of the Church ; on some were the arms of the;
de Clares and on the others the arms of Hungerford, and some of these were,
By Harold Brakspear, PS.A. D
removed to pave the porch at Dauntsey Rectory.! Stone coffins were also
found, and for many years were kept as objects of curiosity.
Late in the fourteenth century the great abbey of Malmesbury built a
new west tower, and at Bradenstoke, whether in emulation of its richer
neighbours, or because its own central tower showed signs of weakness, a
new tower was added at the west end of the nave. ‘The foundations of the
south wall remained, 63ft. wide, but the other sides could not be traced.
The tower was about 30ft. square over all.
On the south side of the nave, outside the fifth, sixth, and seventh bays,
a chapel was added presumably in the fifteenth century. ‘This was about
33ft. long by 16ft. wide and had small buttresses on its south side dividing
it into only two bays, which shows that the chapel probably had a wooden
roof.2. The original ground in the north-east part of the chapel had been
disturbed, possibly for burials, but a square sinking at the east end may
mark the foundation of the altar. Eastward of the chapel was a narrow
building, occupying two bays of the aisle, which may have been a vestry in
connexion with the chapel.
In Buck’s view the buttress at the north-west angle of the nave is shown
standing to a considerable height, and had upon it an attached shaft with
capitals and springers of wall arcading, indicating that the original west
end had considerable architectural pretensions.
THE CLOISTER.
The cloister was approximately 110ft. square, but nothing has yet been
- found of the foundations of the inner walls of the surrounding alleys. The
- weathering remains on the western range of the lean-to roof of the western
alley.
|
j
| THE EASTERN RANGE.
The eastern range of buildings usually contained the chapter-house and
| the canons’ dorter, but nothing of it has yet been excavated, except a short
length of the wall next the northern range. ‘This had the beginning of a
‘cross wall in line with the north wall of the cloister and a buttress-like
| projection some 174ft. farther north.
_ In connexion with the dorter was the rere-dorter, and the position of
| this is indicated by the present outlet of the pond. The pond was used
as a dam from which the water was drawn periodically to flush the drain.
|
THe FRATER,
The northern side of the cloister was covered by the frater, over a subvault
in the usual manner, but had in addition another building at its east end
without a subvault. Owing to the hard nature of the subsoil in this part
| of the site the foundations were not carried down to any depth and nothing
definite was discovered of this eastern building. At the canons’ house of
—
1 Wiltshire Collections, 188.
_ ? At Lacock a Lady chapel was added in the fourteenth century on the
| south side of the Church of only two bays but occupying three bays of the
earlier work.
6 Excavations at the Priories of Bradenstoke, etc.
Lilleshall, in Shropshire, is a similar building at the east end of the frater,
and there it certainly was the warming house, which it doubtless was at
Bradenstoke.
The frater subvault was traced and it was 754ft. in length by 25ft. wide.
It was divided down the middle by a row of columns and was six bays in
length. The vaulting was carried on the side walls by semi-octagonal half-
piers 153in. wide with chamfered plinths. Portions of the subvault were
found standing some feet above its floor level, particularly at the west end
of the north wall, the east end, and the eastern part of the south wall. ‘The
foundations of the side walls were 5ft. wide and those of the west wall 7ft.
wide. It dated apparently from the end of the thirteenth century, and
seems to have had buttresses on the north side marking the bays. In the
westernmost bay was a coffin embedded in the floor for use as a water-
trough. The west end of the frater overlapped the north end of the western
range in the same way as it did at Croxton.
WESTERN RANGE.
The western range, with the exception of the northernmost bay, remains
complete with its roof, and the west wall stands to its full length. (Fig. 2).
Tt all dates from the fourteenth century and was built over a subvault.
This subvault was 92ft. long by 234ft. wide; it was seven bays in length
with a row of octagonal columns down the middle. The four southern bays
were divided from the rest by a couple of arches to carry a wall above.
These had half-octagonal responds of which the easternmost remains com-
plete. The three southern bays retain their vaulting, which has bold semi-
octagonal ribs supported on the walls by heavily moulded corbels. (Fig. 3).
The remainder of the vaulting has been destroyed with the exception of
the springer and corbel on the west wall of the first bay of the northern half.
In the west wall of the first and third bays from the south are remains. of
the original windows, which were square-headed with pointed relieving
arches above. (Fig. 4). In the fourth bay are remains of an original
doorway. (Fig. 2). In the sixth bay is a large pointed doorway of two
hollow chamfered members with a hood mould, and in the last bay is a
similar doorway, at a slightly higher level, which is now blocked up with
masonry. (Fig. 5.)
Over the four southern bays of the sub-vault was the Prior’s Hall for
for the entertainment of superior guests. It was 51ft. long by 24ft. wides
and was lighted from the west by three large two-light windows having |
pointed heads and transoms. The southernmost window is larger than —
the rest to give extra light to the dais. In the fourth bay are the remains. |
of the entrance doorway which had detached columns in the jambs, but. |
the arch is destroyed and the whole is built up with masonry.
There is no indication of a contemporary fireplace, so that in monastic .
times the fire would have been on a central hearth with a louvre in the
roof, |
The hall was covered with a fine open timber roof divided into four bays
with arched principals, having mouldings on the edges enriched with ball
flowers. In the fifteenth century the hall seems to have been ceiled with a)
By Harold Brakspear, FSA, 7
flat wooden ceiling of which part remains at the south end; but it is
possible that this ceiling never extended beyond the bay over the dais.
Externally the bays are marked by buttresses having two sets-off and
bold plinths, which show that the original ground level was higher than it
is at present. The building is capped by a low parapet supported ona
corbel course. Projecting from the west wall, in line with the north end of
the wall, is a square turret which contained garderobes at the first and
second floor levels.
The hall was approached by a flight of steps up to a projecting porch
opposite the fourth bay. The weathering of the apex of its roof remains in
the parapet but all else has been removed. ‘The porch is clearly shown
in Buck’s view and consisted of a stone basement in which there was a.
two-light window in the west wall and a smaller two-light window in the
north wall. Over this was a timber structure, forming the porch itself,
with a gable placed east and west. ‘lhe stairs remained on the south side.
The portion of the western range northward of the hall had two stories
above the sub-vault. (Fig. 5). The storey level with the hall was very
low, being only 72ft. from floor to ceiling. It was lighted on the west side
by a pair of two-light square-headed windows in each bay, and was probably
divided up into cubicles for superior guests. ‘The storey above has a large
two-light traceried window with a segmental head in each bay, and Buck
shows a large two-light pointed window in the north gable. The room
was apparently a common sleeping room for guests. One bay remains of
the original roof, which is of similar character but slightly different in detail
from that of the hall.
At the north-west angle of the range is a large square turret containing
a vice which starts at the first floor and connects it with the second floor,
after which it continues up to the gutter of the roof. (Fig. 5).
Outside the two northern bays was a pentice, over the two doorways,
from the subvault, of which the weathering remains under the first floor
windows, and the sloping weathering from this survives on the middle
buttress and the angle vice.
THE KITCHEN.
The kitchen was doubtless arranged to the northward of this pentice so
as to be conveniently placed for serving the frater and the guest hall.
THe Prior’s LopGIna.
Between the south end of the guest hall and the Church was a building,
20ft. from east to west, by 12ft. wide. It is clearly shown in Buck’s view
and consisted of three stories. ‘he bottom storey had a pointed doorway
in the middle of the west wall and was the outer parlour and cloister entry.
In the north wall is a moulded and pointed doorway that has a flight of
steps to the sub-vault. The storey above was known as the Prior’s room
until its destruction, and there is no question that this was its use. In the
west wall was a large eight-light window with two transoms and tracery in
_ the head under a flat lintel. In the string-course under this window was a
8 Excavations at the Priories of Bradenstoke, etc.
series of arms and badges! which have been preserved by being built into
the present building occupying the site.
These consist of :—
(1) A shield bearing a cross charged with five roses, for Thomas Langford,
Bishop of Salisbury from 1484 to 1493.
(2) A large letter @.
(3) A rebus with the letter @ under a wall from which issues a tree.
(4) A rebus as the last but without the letter. These three devices are
commemorative of the prior who built the window, Thomas Walshe,
the rebus being a wall and ash-tree.
(5) A shield bearing the leopards of England.
(6) A shield bearing France (modern) and England quarterly.
(7) A shield with three feathers per pale.
(8) A shield bearing three pales vair on a chief a leopard of England, said
to have been used by Patrick, the son of the Founder.
Inside the room was a large fireplace which is shown in position in a
sketch published in The Buclder for 1849.2 (Fig. 6). It was afterwards
taken down and removed to Corsham Court, where it was used for the fire-
place in the billiard-room ; but it has recently been returned to Bradenstoke.
The fireplace was 6ft. wide with a very flat arched head, the stone of which
is richly decorated with two rows of traceried panelling. The top row con-
sists of five foliated quatrefoils with shields in the middle of each, but none
is carved with charges. The bottom row has six lozenge-shaped panels with
foliated quatrefoils and large carved bosses in the middle of each, on which
are the letters @ W.A.L.S. be. These letters have been noticed by more
than one writer, but it does not seem to have occurred to them to read the
letters into the simple T. Walshe, the name of the prior who built the room.
Buck shows that there was a high octagonal chimney over this fireplace.
On the east side of where the fireplace stood was a moulded and pointed
doorway.
Buck shows that there was another storey over the Prior’s room which
had a gabled roof placed east and west, and there was a large transomed
window in the west end. The gable was set back from the wall face below
and seems to have been of timber construction. Even with this added
storey the Prior’s lodging was very small for a rich foundation, but there
may have been other chambers and a chapel over the south alley of the
cloister like the abbess’s lodging at Lacock.
The reference by Aubrey to the king’s lodging to the west of the hall is
interesting as showing that the remaining buildings were not all that
formerly existed for the entertainment of guests. Nothing is known of the
date of this lodging, but in connexion with it may be mentioned that King
John visited the priory nine times, and King Henry III. in 1223.
1 These are shown in Buck’s view beginning at the north end : (1) Rebus.
(2) Cross and roses. (3) France and England. (4) Checky. (5) Three |
feathers. (6) Rebus. (7) Leopards of England. (8) Blank. (9) Three |
pales vair in chief a leopard of England. |
2 Vol. vii., p. 387, August 18th, 1849.
By Harold Brakspear, F.S.A. 9
A necessary building in connexion with all monastic houses was the
infirmary, the position of which at Bradenstoke is very uncertain. It was
generally to the east of the cloister, but that position is occupied by a large
pond which seems to have existed in monastic days. At Haughmond it
was parallel with the frater, but this could not have been its position here
as there is a sharp drop in the ground just northward of the northern range.
At the White canons’ house of St. Agatha, in Yorkshire, it adjoined the
Church on the opposite side to the cloister, and this was probably its
position at Bradenstoke.
THE BaRN.
The priory barn still remains 40)ft. to the south-west of the south end of
the western range and is placed with its centre line north-east and south-
west. It dates from the middle of the fourteenth century and measures
104ft. in length by 25ft. in width. It is divided into nine bays of which
the middle one is wider than the rest to take a large porch 2Oft. by 13ft.
which projects from the north-west side. (Figs. 7 & 8).
The roof is of the same date as the walls and is made with heavy principals
having collars at half height supported by arched braces. There are three
purlins on each side all supported by arched wind-braces. The side walls
are 15ft. high and have bold buttresses behind each couple, but there are
no buttresses at the angles, a logical design as there is no thrust from the
end gables. ‘There is a wide segmental doorway in the north-west wall in
the south-west bay. In the south-east wall there are modern openings in
the second bay from the east, in the middle bay, and in the ninth bay.
There are narrow square-headed loops in each remaining bay.
The porch has a wide segmental arched doorway of the full width of the
porch with deep buttresses to take the abutment on each side. In the
south-west wall is the usual small doorway of access to the barn after the
big doors are bolted. At the north-east end are two buttresses, one in the
middle of the gable seems to be original but the other near the north-west
angle is apparently an addition. ‘There is also an added buttress on the
south-east side in line with the north-east gable.
MONKTON FARLEY PRIORY.
Like Bradenstoke, Monkton Farley is placed on high land just within
the borders of Wiltshire, three and a half miles due east of Bath. ‘There is
an excellent water supply from land springs, but there is_no natural water-
course for drainage.
Fifty years after the conquest the Manor of Farley was in the hands of
the great family of Bohun, but how they became possessed of itis not clear.
Humphry, the son of the Humphry Bohun, who accompanied the Con-
queror, married Maud, the daughter of Edward of Salisbury and sister of
Walter who founded Bradenstoke. This Humphrey and his wife gave to
the priory of Lewes land at Bishopstrow, called the Buries, and in the event
of their founding a Cluniac house at Farley they would convey to the priory
of Lewes the manor and tithes of that place on condition that the house of
Lewes should supply a colony of monks for the priory of Farley who would
10 Excavations at the Priories of Bradenstoke, etc.
enjoy the said endowments for their own use.! A small priory was erected
and the Church at any rate was built in stone.
The original endowments were very considerably increased by Humphry
Bohun, son of the founders, the Empress Maud, and one Ilbert de Chaz,
a follower of the Bohuns. ‘These endowments were confirmed to the monks
by this third Humphry Bohun and by King Henry III. in the eleventh
year of his reign.?, In consequence of this accession of wealth new build-
ings were erected including a larger Church.
In 1280 a dispute arose between the Bohuns and the Prior of Lewes.
over the nomination of a new prior which resulted ina lawsuit that ended
in the usual medieval manner of settlement by compromise.?
In 1298 the Crown seized two of the priory manors‘ which the prior
farmed on behalf of the alien nunnery of Martigniac. But it ultimately
gave back the manors and seems in consequence to have claimed the status.
of hereditary founder.
During the fourteenth century considerable alterations were made to the:
Church and a new presbytery was erected with new choir stalls.
In 1409 the priory and its estates were in the hands of Sir Walter
Hungerford and Lord Sturton, doubtless on behalf of the Crown in con-
sequence of forfeiture for not maintaining the full complement of brethren.
Sir Walter Hungerford petitioned the Commons in that year
that whereas certain commissioners sent into Wiltshire had reported
that he and Lord Sturton had suffered the priory of Farley to fall into.
dilapidation whilst it was in their ,care, he prays that the matter be
tried by a jury of his peers.®
Whether the accusation was proved or not there certainly was great.
truth in it, for in April, 1438 the tower of the Church fell down.
On the third of February of the following year a release was granted for
seven years
to John Brugge, the prior and the convent of the house of Farleigh of
the yearly form of 55 marks payable to the king for lands belonging to
the alien nunnery of Mortigniake on condition that the amount be ex-.
pended under the survey of the Bishop of Bath and the lord of
Hungerford, in the repair of the convent Church ; which tower fell down
in April last crushing the quire and destroying their books, bells, and
other ornaments. The petitioners shewed that they will never be able
to repair their losses and resume divine service as it should be held
without the king’s generous help.®
The fall of the tower so damaged the presbytery and transepts that no.
attempt was made to re-edify them; but a new sanctuary was built on the
site of the crossing and the quire was made in the nave.
1 Wilts Arch. Mag., iv., 269.
2 Mon. Ang. (London, 1849), v., 26 and 27.
3 Mon. Ang., v., 127.
4 Ibid, v. 28.
5 Wilts Arch. Mag, iv., 275.
6 Rot. Pat. 17 Hen. VLI., p. i, m. 20.
By Harold Brakspear, S.A. 11
At the end of the Lewes cartulary is a long deed in which Farley is
described as of the foundation of King Edward III. for thirteen monks to
sing daily service for the King’s welfare, and that they once incurred for-
feiture for having maintained only ten brethren instead of thirteen for nine
years!
In 1535 the visitation of monastries was begun with the idea of their
suppression and in August of that year Farley was visited by Cromwell’s
creatures Layton and Legh. On the 7th of that month the former wrote
to his master: “ Farley sell to Lewis the trewthe is a vara stewys”; and
a few days after he wrote: “ I sende yowe also Mare Magdalens girdell and
that is wrappyde and coveride with white, sent also with gret reverence to
women traveling whiche girdell Matilda thempresse founder of Ferley gave
unto them as saith the holy father of Ferley.” 2
The act to suppress all monasteries of under £200 a year revenue was
passed in the same year ; but it did not come into operation immediately,
as in many cases it was doubtful what houses came within the category.
In order to ascertain this commissioners were appointed for each county,
and their report on Farley, dated 1st August, 1536, is as follows :—
A. A hedde house of Clunasents of Seint Bennetts rule (former valuation)
£153 14s, 25d. (present valuation) £195 2s. 83d. with £18 4s. 6d. for
the demaynes of the same.
B. (Religious) six all being preests of honest conversacion, holley desyryng
continuance in religion.
C, (Servants) eighteen—viz. wayting servants five; ofticers of the house-
hold eight and hinds five.
D. Church and mansion with outehouses in convenient state. The lead
and bells viewed and estemed to be sold to £28 8s.
E. (Goods) £89 18s. 7d. viz. juells and plate £30 3s. 3d.; ornaments
£8 15s. 4d.; stuffe of household £10 13s. ; stokkes and stores £39 7s.
F. Owing by the house £245 2s. 7d. Owing to the house £51 10s.
G. Great woods 100 acres and copis woods 66 acres; all to be solde
estemed to £62 16s.3
The last prior Lewis Breknok had a pension of £24.4
Farley was granted on 6th June, 1536, to Sir Edward Seymour though
not formally dissolved at the time. It was in 1550 exchanged with the see
of Salisbury’ under whom it was held by various owners.
In 1744—
Three Labourers being employed to level a very uneven Piece of
Ground used for a Coney-Warren belonging to Webb Seymour, Ksq.,
at Monkton-Farley found the Pillar of a Church and about four Foot
under the Rubbish discover’d a Chancel of a very curious Roman
Pavement in Chequer-Work adorn’d with various Figures ; the Bricks
—
‘Wilts Arch. Mag., iv., 275.
? Letters and Papers, Hen. III., ix., 42 and 168.
° P. R. O. Chantry Certificates, 100 m. 2.
*P. R. O: Augmentation Book, 232, 21 f.
® Wilts Arch. Mag., iv., 276 and 277.
12 Excavations at the Priories of Bradenstoke, ete,
about four Inches square and an Inch thick: this place consists of
about 24 Foot each Way its Situation being East and West. In the
Front are four flat Stones under which Persons are interr’d: The second
stone from the Southward has a French Inscription on it and Prior
Lawrence, who is represented in his Prior’s Habit, in the Posture of
Praying : He was buried A.D. 616 (sic). The substance of his Inscription
is He desires you to pray for his sins, etc. ‘The other three stones are
without Inscriptions. In the North Angle of the Chancel is a Tomb
like a Seat with the following Inscription on its surface in Characters
thus render’d.
(The inscription given is that on the monument of Ibert de Chaz, which
will be referred to later.)
It has also the same Inscription on the Side in Roman and Saxon -
Characters after the present Way of Writing. About two Thirds of
the Chancel, to the Eastward, is a Step ascending to the Altar, in which
is a Sepulchre open’d, and the Skeleton of a stout Man, who was
upwards of six Foot high. On the flat Stone of this Sepulchre is
carved in Basso Relievo his Bust, and under that a Lyon, as an
Hieroglyphical Emblem of his Character. This Person, by his near
Interment to the Altar, I suppose might be the Founder of this Abby
or Monastery. To the South Side of the Altar is a Floor, about four
Foot under the Rubbish of the same Pavement with the former, and
about ten Foot square, but no Body interr’d there. On the North
Side of the Altar, which I imagine was in the Church-yard, is another
Sepulchre open’d, with the lower Part of a Skeleton, but the upper
Part wanting. Farther to the Northward is a Yew-tree, which isa
plain Demonstration that this was a Church yard belonging to the
Abby. Tothe West and Northward are several very large Stone Pillars
with various Figures cut on them which appear as fresh as if im-
mediately hewn out of a Quarry. As tothe Dimensions of this Church
‘tis impossible to give an exact Account how far it extended—For
there were, about 20 years ago, to the Southward, at a considerable
Distance, dug up three more Sepulchres but without any Inscriptions
upon them. Also an Heap of Bones, from which it is evident there
was a Charnel-House belonging to this Church: ’Tis very probable as
the Rubbish is clear’d away, many more Curiosities will be discovered
in the Body of the Church. The Labourers have found a Silver Cup,
Spoon and Thimble.!
Dr. William Evetts was at this time staying at Chippenham and he wrote
to Dr. Ducarel, secretary of the Society of Antiquaries, of these discoveries
and sent him some sketches of the various monuments, but this communi-
cation does not seem to have been laid before the Society and his sketches
are lost.
The late Canon Jackson records that
in 1841 during some further alterations of the ground by the late Mr.
oa
1 Gentleman's Magazine, xiv., 139.
* Literary History of the Highteenth Century (J. G. Nichols), ili., 585.
By Harold Brakspear, F.S.A, 13
Wade Browne a large slab, once the covering of a stone coffin, was
found. On it is the effigy of a cross-legged knight in chain armour,
sculptured in low relief. On the shield, which lies not at his side but
over the whole body occupying the full width of the stone, are the arms
of Dunstanville (fretty on a canton a lion passant surmounted by a
label).
Further excavations were made on the site of the Church by the late Sir
Charles Hobhouse, and are briefly recorded by him, in the Wiltshire Arch-
xological Magazine for 1882.2? In 1911 Sir Charles caused further excava-
tions to be made and the earlier discoveries were again exposed. These
ce
Fig. 9.—Monkton Farleigh Priory, plan of precinct.
1 Wilts Arch. Mag., iv., 283. 2 Wilts Arch Mag., xx., 74.
214 Haxcavations at the Priorves of Bradenstoke, etc.
excavations were supervised by the writer, and though it was not possible
to continue them as far as might be wished, they have thrown considerable
light on the plan and story of this Church.
THE PRECINCT.
The bounds of the precinct are nowhere clearly defined, but the present
roads on the north and west seem to indicate its extent on those sides, and
there are indications of the other sides which give it an area of about 20
_acres. The Church and cloisters were placed in the north-west of this area.
The site is peculiar, the highest point being in the north-west angle and
it falls rapidly to the south-east and again from the west end of the Church
to the north-east. The Church was oriented slightly to the south of east,
and at the present time the ground drops suddenly on its south side, but
this is not an original feature as is shown by the only fragment of building
that remains above ground. ‘The reason of the present level is that the
makers of the house after the suppression used up the claustral buildings
and dropped the ground around the house to the level of the frater sub-
vault. This dropping of the ground was continued at the building of the
present house in 1762, and has apparently destroyed the foundations of the
chief buildings south of the church.
The gatehouse was probably opposite the cross roads near where the
present south lodge stands. The conduit for the water supply is on the
high ground 300 yards to the west of the Church.
THe CHURCH.
The only part of the first Church that has been found is the apse of the
north transept chapel. The rest of the site of this Church has been re-
moved by the lowering of the ground already referred to.
This apse was 13ft. wide by 93ft. deep, with an outer wall 3ft. in thick-
ness. The wall had a chamfered plinth externally and a pilaster buttress
remained on the north-east side. The entrance from the transept was by
an arch of two members of the full width of the apse. The inner member
rested on a bold half-round column with moulded base that had toes at the
angles.
The north-east angle of the transept itself remained and had pilaster
buttresses on each face and its main walls were 4ft. thick.
The Church to which this fragment belonged was of course smaller than
its successor and apparently consisted of a presbytery with eastern apse,
transepts with apsidal chapels, and an aisleless nave.
As usual when the building of a new Church was decided upon it was
constructed alongside the original one on the side farthest from the cloister
in order that the existing structure might not be interfered with until the
new building was ready for occupation.! .The new Church ‘at Farley was
erected clear of the old one except for the apsidal chapel of the north tran-
sept, which was retained as the chapel of the southern transept of the new
Church. :
Cf. Waverley (Surrey Archxological Collections, 1905), Haughmond
{Archeological Journal, lxvi , 281), and Tintern (Offical Guide).
By Harold Brakspear, F.S.A. 15
Only the middle portion of the later Church has been excavated so that
the complete plan cannot be definitely described though the parts un-
covered reveal a very interesting story.
The second Church when first built consisted of a short presbytery with
eastern apse and ambulatory aisle, transepts with eastern chapels, and a
nave with aisles. There was a tower over the crossing. Of this Church
the western piers of the crossing, the junction of the transepts and aisles,
and the south side of the presbytery remained from 12in. to 3ft. above the
floor. ‘he floor area was covered with pattern tiles divided by stone
bands.
The presbytery was 253ft. wide and the south aisle was 92ft. wide with
an outer wall 4ft. in thickness. At 14ft. from the transept was a pilaster
buttress 3ft. wide. The paving of the aisle remained complete and had at
114ft. from the transept a cross band of stone of which the west side was
square with the aisles, but the east side tapered from 84in. at the north
end to 13in. at the south. This tapering band indicated that the pavement
to the east radiated from the centre, and the only reason for it doing so
was the existence of an apse, withan ambulatory aisle. If the tapering
sides of the band are continued to the middle of the presbytery it gives the
centre from which the apse was struck.
The crossing was approximately 25ft. square and the western piers re-
mained complete. ‘These show that the north and south arches were of
two members of which the inner was carried by-a pair of half-round
columns. There were no responds for the western arch, which was doubt-
less carried on corbels as at Malmesbury.
The south transept was apparently 35ft. long by 25ft. wide, but no re-
mains of the south wall were found. The west wall had, next the crossing,
an arch into the nave aisle of three members carried on responds having
triple moulded columns on square bases of the same plan as the main piers
at Wells Cathedral. In the angle formed by the transept and south aisle
was a vice 63ft. in diameter which opened from the transept by a door-
way of a single square member. ‘The apse of the original north transept
was retained as the eastern chapel of this transept which is shown by the
paving of the thirteenth century being found within it. There were two
steps across the original arch from the transept, which had tiles on the
risers as well as on the treads. In front of the chapel were two grave slabs
Ornamented with foliated crosses. ‘The tile paving of the rest of the tran-
sept was almost complete and had stone bands 5ft. apart in line with the
nave aisle and others, the same distance apart, in the opposite direction
down the middle of the transept.
The north transept was doubtless similar to the south but was not ex-
posed, except the arch into the nave aisle, which was precisely like its
companion on the south and had similar bands in the tile flooring to the
east of it.
The main span of the nave was the same as that of the presbytery, but
the aisles were 11ft. 8in. in width. The responds of both arcades remained
near the crossing and were each of three members like the arches into the
transepts. ai 7
16 EHacavations at the Priories of Bradenstoke, etc.
In the fourteenth century the presbytery was lengthened eastward with
a square east end, and the old apse and ambulatory were removed. The
eastern end of this building was that uncovered in 1744 and the remains
then found appear to have been grubbed up, which is particularly unfortunate
as the exact position of them with respect to the rest of the building cannot
be determined. The monument of Ilbert de Chaz which had been removed
from the earlier Church, was placed on the north side of the altar apparently
in a recess, as is indicated by it having the first part of the later inscription
cut on a detached stone which was evidently placed at the head of the
monument to fit an opening. ‘he stone of the ‘‘stout man” was in front
of the altar and the four other slabs were in a row on the step below. ‘The
floor described as about 10ft. square to the south of the altar must have
belonged to a chapel added at the east end of the south aisle. Dr. Evetts
describes this more fully as “another place lower in the ground than the
former which seems to me to have been a private chapel for confession and
in the wall is a place for holy water. ‘The pavement the same as the other.
The walls are perfect above a yard high almost quite round it up to the
bottom of a window in one part.”!
Of the altered presbytery the 1911 excavations revealed a considerable
piece of the south wall, next the crossing, in which at 7ft. from the transept
“was an opening 4ft. wide with chamfered angles but no door. <A portion
of the north wall remained but there was no corresponding opening to that
on the south. Eastward of the opening in the south wall was a step across
the presbytery. There was another step 9ft. to the west of this and the
platform between was paved with tiles. It had at the north end a grave
slab bearing an incised cross.
Below the western step was the monks’ quire belonging to the new
presbytery. On either side, 14ft. apart, was a stone base-course having a —
row of little projecting buttresses to take the wooden fronts of the stalls.
At 8ft on either side below the step was a half-round step which led to a
gangway between the fronts of the stalls. The stalls were probably con-
tinued down to the west side of the crossing, where they were returned
against the pulpitum which divided the quire from the nave.
The fall of the tower in 1438 was due to the failure of one or both of the
eastern piers of the crossing, and its collapse caused so much damage to the
presbytery and transepts that no attempt was made to reinstate the ruin.
A new sanctuary was built on the site of the crossing and a new quire was |
made in the uninjured nave. The new work had walls only 3ft. inthickness |
and had double buttresses at the angles. The north wall was found witha, |
plain chamfered plinth and the rest of the work has been destroyed to the ||
foundations. In the first arch of the nave on the south side a recess was |
added at this time perhaps for sedilia. The eastern jamb remains, and this
has a wide panelled chamfer with beaded angles and moulded bases. |
The nave has not yet been excavated, so it is not possible to speak |
definitely of the arrangements which must have been added after the fall |
of the tower. The first bay was probably left clear and the new quire
1 Literary History of the Highteenth Century, ili. 585.
By Harold Brakspear, PS.A. 17
erected in the second and third bays with a pulpitum at the third pair of
pillars. Owing to the destruction of the eastern chapels the nave aisles
were probably parted off to form chapels to take their place.
THE WESTERN RANGE.
The only building of which any remains exist is a late twelfth-century
hall on the west side of the western range placed east and west and slightly
out of square with the range. The fragment is only 20ft. long but stands
to a considerable height: it retains the north-west angle of the building,
which had a pilaster buttress and two lancet windows of its north side,
These have moulded jambs and arches, and rest on a bold string-course
externally; internally they have deep splays and the sills have notches to
receive the wooden frames of the glass.
Near this fragment is a shed containing a number of architectural
fragments and floor tiles. With them are the remains of the tombs which
had been discovered on the site :—
(1) The monument of Ilbert de Chaz, which is a grave slab 5ft. 10in. in
length by 2ft. wide at the head and 18in. at the foot. Down the middle is
an inscription formed of large letters containing smaller ones which reads :—
Hicjacet Ibert de Chaz bonitate refert gic brotona dedit hic pplurima dona.
When the monument was refixed in the new fourteenth-century presbytery
‘a new expanded inscription of the same reading was cut on the edge, and
this began on a stone which had been added at the head to make out the
original slab to the full length of the recess it occupied.
(2) The Dunstanville slab as already described by the late Canon
Jackson. The label has five points.
(3) The trunk and head of an effigy in chain mail from an altar tomb,
but the shield has gone so that it cannot be identified.
Unfortunately there is no record where these last two objects were found.
THE ConpuIt Hovusk.
The conduit house is a stone building 9ft. square externally and has a
deep splayed plinth. It is entered by a segmental-headed doorway and has!
over the doorway and in the opposite wall a square-headed loop. It is
covered by a steep roof made of stone slabs with rebated edges to keep out
the weather. On the east face of the top quoin of the north-east angle is
cut SQ" x TURNER 1784, and on the top stone of the south jamb of the
doorway E BATCHELOR 1784.
The conduit is apparently of fourteenth-century date but the upper part
and the roof were rebuilt in 1784.
There is a similar conduit of fourteenth-century character though actually
built 1540—53 on the top of Bowden hill, some nine miles away, in con-
nexion with Lacock Abbey.
‘This is illustrated in Canon Jackson’s paper already referred to (Wilts
Arch. Mag.,iv., 283),and Bowles and Nichols, Lacock Abbey (Lond. 1885),352.
VOL. XLIII.—NO, CXLII. C
18 Excavations at the Priories of Bradenstoke, etc.
KINGTON PRIORY.
The remains of this little priory of Benedictine nuns are in a secluded
depression three miles north-west of Chippenham. ‘The actual founder is
not known with certainty and in Aubrey’s time the Empress Maud was
credited with the good deed. Among the charters printed in the Monasticon
are three which throw some light on the matter.
(1) Robert of Brinton and Eva his wife during the episcopate of Jocelyn,
of Sarum (1142—84), gave the Church of [werna (Ewerne Stapleton in
Dorset) to the nuns of Kington!
(2) About the same time A(dam) of Brinton gave “to God and our Lady
and the nuns of Kyngton all the land in that place which the said nuns
hold of me.” ?
(3) Also about the same date Hugh de Mortimer confirms the last gift
as follows :—
know thet I have granted to God, our Lady and the nuns of Kington
serving God there . . . all the lands which A(dam) of Brinton
holds of my fee in the same vill . . . which R. the son of Weyfer
of Brinton gave to them when he founded the place.’
One of the witnesses is R. de Brinton and is presumably the same as
Robert of the first deed. In the book of obits drawn out anew in 1493.
there is no mention of Robert, but “ Adam, sonne of Waifere of Kynton,
Roger Mortimer and Sir Hugh Mortimer that gave us all our lands in
Kyngton” are to be prayed for on 7th January.’
The priory was built in stone probably by the founder and was never a
large house.
In 1121 there existed a corrody under the patronage of the Crown for
two poor girls.°
The Church was apparently reconstructed early in the fifteenth century,
for on the 15th. March, 1435, ‘* the altar of the church at Kynton was
dedicated in honour of the Holy Mother of our Saviour by Ralph, Bishop
of Sarum.” ®
Considerable other works were done including the rebuilding of the whole
of the western range with the prioress’s lodging.
In 1493 the obituary was “drawn out anew by K. Moleyns, prioress,
during Lent,” and at the foot of the page of March obits is the following
interesting entry :—
In the days of Dame Kateryne Moleyns Prioress here, John Baker
gave to this House at Minchyn Kyngton,
A Bone of St. Christopher closed in cloth of gold, a noble Relyke.
Thys boke, for to be their Mortiloge.
A boke of Seynts Lyves yn Englishe.
1 Mon. Ang., iv., 400, No. x.
2Tbid, iv., 898, No. ii.
3 Mon. Ang., iv., 399, No. 111.
4Wilts Arch. Mag., iv., 61.
5 Rot. Claus., 1221, et seq.
§ Book of Obits printed by Canon Jackson, Wilts Arch. Magq., iv., 60—T.
By Harold Brakspear, F. S.A. 19
A Spruse table and a cubbord that be in their parlor.
The mendyng and renewyng of an old Mas Boke of theirs.
A Fetherbed, a bolster, a Pylow and two fair Coverlettes.
The half of the money that was paid for the Ymage of Seynt Savyor
stonding upon the Auter fortheir quire. And for the Ymages of St. Mighel
and St. Kateryne in St. James’s Chapell.
Also the Aulter cloth of the Salutacyon of oure Lady, being in St. James’s
Chapell and 3 yards of Canvass annexed thereto to lie upon the Auter.
A Tester and a Seller that hangeth over my Lady’s Bed. A Grail. A
fair Matyns Boke with Dirige and many good Prayers. A dozen of round
pewter dishes with heires.!
This entry is most valuable in being the only evidence of St James’s
chapel], which would seem to have been something more than one of the
altars in the church. If the three yards of canvas can be taken as the length
of the altar it must have belonged to a chapel of considerable size.
In the days of this prioress there were nine nuns in the house, which
decreased to three at the Suppression.
In 1535 the emissaries of Cromwell made themselves particularly offensive
on the occasion of their visit to Kington. John ap Rice wrote to Cromwell:
At Keynton where there is but thre ladies in the house we have
founde 1j convict of incontinencie. Thone whereof bicause she was
under age of xxiilj and not very desirous to continue in religion Mr.
Doctor hath discharged. And one Dame Marie Denys, a faire yong
woman of Laycock is chosen Prioresse at Kyngton aforesaid.”
The commissioners of the county in the following year reported of this
priory :—
Priory of Kington.
A. A hedde house of Minchins seint Benedicts rule. (former valuation,)
£25 9s. 14d; (present valuation) £35 15s. with 100s. for the demaynes
of the same.
B. (Religious) four, by reporte of honeste conversacion, all desyring
continuance in religion.
C. (Servants) eleven—viz. chapleyn one; clerk one; women servants
four ; wayting servants one; hinds four.
D. Church and mansion in good state. The oute houses in summe
ruyne for lacke of coveringe. The lead and bells there estemed be
solde to 105s.
EK. (Goods) £17 1s.—viz. ornaments 8s. 6d. ; stuffe 2s. 10d.; and stoores
of corne and catall £12 19s. 8d
F’. Owynge by the house £50 and owyng to the house nil.
G. Great woods none, copyswoods 86 acres : estemed to be solde £24.3
The prioress Mary Dennys, the “faire young woman of Laycok” had a
pension of 100s. “She dyed in Bristowe, 1593, a good olde maid, verie
—
"Wilts Arch. Mag., iv., 62, foot-note.
* Letters and Papers, For. and Dom., Hen. VIII, ix., 160.
3 P, R. O. Chantry Certificate, 100, m. 2.
Or
20 — EHacavations at the Priories of Bradenstoke, etc.
vertuose and godlye and is buried in the church of the Gauntes on the
Grene.”’! .
At the Suppression the site was granted to Sir Richard Long of Wraxall
and Draycot? and has since passed through many hands.
John Aubrey lived within a mile of the priory and has left a number of
notes upon it in his collections, from which the following may be taken as
referring to the buildings.
This is a very pleasent seate and was a fine Nunnery.
On the east side of the howseis ground . . . called the Nymph-
hay. Here old Jaques, who lived on the other side, would say, he hath
seen 40 or 50 sisters, nunnes, in a morning spinning with their rocks,
and wheeles, and bobbins
Their last Priest was parson Whaddon whose chamber is that on the
right hand of the porch with the old fashion chimney.
The Lady Cicelie Bodenham was Lady Prioresse here. In the
parlour windowe was, and in the Buttery yet, the coat of Bodenham
with a mitre to which were twochains, or. Also the coat of Bodenham
quartering G three bars checky A and 8. Also in the parlour '
sind this coat, G. two bars nebule O. above the coat a mitre
In divers panelis of glass about the howse are the letters B.D.
In the Chapell, which was very fayre, is neither glasse, chancell nor
monument remaynyng. Formerly and lately in the garden where
chancell and consecrated ground was, have been digged up severall
coffins of freestone and one stone was found of about two foote
diameter . . . having in the centre on one side a heart held be-
tween two hands: it was found at the foote of a grave in which there
was found a Chalice.
The windowes of the Chapell of Priory St. Maries like those in the
Tower of Merton Coll., Oxon.’
The house was considerably altered shortly after Aubrey’s time by the
insertion of larger windows and a large gable added on the west side. All
that now remains above ground is the western range, and the frater on the
south side of the cloister.
Small nunneries existed all over the country, but only a very few have
been traced by excavation. These houses were mostly very poor, and the
buildings, though arranged on a systematic plan around the cloister, were a
great contrast to those of their rich neighbours. In many cases the buildings
were of wood, and the roofs sometimes had no more permanent covering
than thatch. _
Some years ago our Fellow Mr. William Brown published a valuable
paper upon some Suppression documents containing detailed descriptions
of eleven small nunneries in Yorkshire, of which five were Benedictine
houses, and a few words upon these houses may throw some light upon the
remains at Kington.
1 Lib. Corp. Christi Coll., Oxon., No. ccxx. f. 36, b.; vide Wilts Arch. |
Mag., iv., 55.
2Wilts Arch. Mag., iv., 71.
3Wilts Collections, 143, 144, and 145.
4 Yorkshire Arch. Journ., ix., 197—215, and 321—33.
By Harold Brakspear, #.S.A. 21
The Churches in all cases were parallelograms varying from 80ft. by
20ft. to 50ft. by 18ft; there was a high altar and two other altars in the
quire. The quire stalls were of wood and in one case there were “22 fayre
stalles carved and boarded with waynscott.” ‘The portion of the Church
below the quire was merely an antechapel containing one altar.. In each
case the roof was covered with lead. ‘he cloisters were all 60ft. square
save one which was 48ft., and the alleys varied from 5ft. to 10ft in width.
In three cases the buildings on the first floor covered the alleys. ‘The
chapter-houses were very small, one being only 12ft. by 8ft., but they were
always next the Church on the east side of the cloister. The dorter always
occupied the whole of the east side of the cloister on the first floor. The
frater was in its usual position on the side of the cloister opposite to the
Church, but it only remained, and that in a contracted form, in three cases,
and in the other two it had been converted into a garner. The west side
of the cloister was in all cases occupied by the prioress’s lodging, the guest-
hall, and a parlour. The kitchen was of various sizes placed at the lower
end of the hall, and in one case there were two kitchens, but the second
was only 8ft. square.
The warming-house is nowhere mentioned, but it seems to have been
supplanted by a parlour with a fireplace, and this is generally in the western
range. The infirmary is also omitted, as the legitimate use of the place had
apparently died out, and one of the various chambers was doubtless used
in cases of sickness.
The priest’s room occurs in two cases, in one it follows the list of farm
buildings and in the other it was actually without the gates. A corrody
occurs in one instance, and the chamber allotted to the recipient was over
the kitchen.
Besides the buildings round the cloister there were generally a brew-
house with a bulting- house, and a bakehouse near the kitchen, though in
one case the former were beneath the frater.
‘here was also an outer court entered by
the gatehouse and surrounded by stables,
Be cow or ox houses, hay and corn barns, and
watt | other outhouses. ‘There was generally a
| dovecot.
THE PRECINCT.
The precinct at Kington seems to have
contained only some three acres, and part
of the enclosing wall remains with its stone
coping on the east and north. The site of
the gatehouse is not clear. On the south
side is a large brook, and outside the west
19D 9 100 200 S00 nae side of the precinct is a fish-pond (fig. 10).
! 7 The farm buildings seem to have been
Fig. 10. Kington priory, | where they are now on the north side of the
plan of precinct. precinct outside the wall.
22 Excavations at the Priortes of Bradenstoke, ete,
THe CHURCH.
The Church was on the north side of the cloister, but nothing is standing
and its foundations have not yet been traced. The western part stood
until about the middle of the eighteenth century, but the eastern parts
with St. James’s Chapel had gone in Aubrey’s time. Writing in the
Gentleman’s Magazine in 1803, John Britton says that “a very large circular
arch that belonged to the chapel yet remains; but the site of this sacred
building is now occupied by pig-sties.”! A capital of mid-twelfth century
date belonging to a doorway was dug up some years ago and probably be-
longed to the Church.
The chapel of St. James was doubtless a side chapel on the north side of
the presbytery similar to the Lady chapel at Lacock.
THE CLOISTER.
The cloister was 573ft. from east to west by 544ft. from north to south,
but nothing of the alleys remains, except a short length of the weathering
over the lean-to roof at the north-west angle. None of the surrounding
buildings oversets the alleys like the majority of the Yorkshire examples.
THe Eastern RANGE.
The east side of the cloister was occupied by a range of building 143ft.
wide of which the foundations have been traced.
The lower storey was divided by a cross wall 2ft. thick at 224ft. from the
north end. In the west wall next the Church was an opening apparently
for the stairs to the upper floor, and there was a second opening south of
the cross wall. The northern division from its position must have been
the chapter-house, the size of which, 19ft. by 143ft., compares very favourably
with the Yorkshire examples. The southern division was 30ft. long, and
the northern end was probably parted off to form a passage through the
range to the cemetery on the east. The south end of the range stands toa
considerable height and retains its original quoins at the south-east angle.
The eastern half of the south wall is occupied by a large fireplace with a
wooden head which indicates that this chamber was the warming-house.
As already shown, the warming-house seems in nunneries to have become
before the Suppression a regular parlour where the inmates might sit and
work in bad weather.
The upper floor of the range was the dorter of the nuns in connexion
with which must have been a rere-dorter, but no remains of this have been
found up to the present.
THE FRATER.
The south side of the cloister does not seem to have been occupied by a
continuous range of building in the usual manner. A building apparently
occupied the eastern end for about 14ft., but the site is covered by pigsties
and cannot be excavated. From the western end of this building for some
10ft. the cloister wall retains its original stone coping. ‘The western part
of the south side of the cloister is occupied by a two-storied building 25ft.
1 Gentleman's Mag, Ixxiij., 717.
By Harold Brakspear, S.A. 23
from east to west by 174ft. wide, which appears to date from the thirteenth
century. ‘Towards the eastern end of this building are the remains of a
segmental-headed doorway leading from the cloister to the upper floor.
(Fig. 11.)
This upper floor was the frater of the convent. It had a square-headed
window to the west of the entrance over the cloister roof, now blocked, and
a square-headed loop in the east wall. The south wall, for two-thirds its
length, is thickened out to 54ft. and seems to have contained the pulpit.
A roughly constructed roof of fifteenth-century date with cambered and
chamfered tie-beams remains above the building. ‘There must have beena
serving-hatch or doorway in the west wall from the kitchen.
The room below retains the jambs of an original doorway at the west end
and a small square-headed loop in the east wall. In the block under the
pulpit a large fireplace has been inserted, the jambs and head of which have
since been removed. The original use of the room was doubtless a cellar
in connexion with the kitchen, but if the fireplace was monastic its use
must have been changed.
THe KItrcHeEnN.
The kitchen was to the west of the frater so as to be convenient for that
place and the guest-hall; but nothing of it remains but a small square
window in a piece of the south wall next the frater and a four-centred
moulded doorway in the north wall. ‘The site is covered by a two-storied
building of the eighteenth century.
THE WESTERN RANGE.
The whole of the west side of the cloister was covered by a range of
building which continued northward in front of the west end of the Church
and measures 60f{t. in length by 174ft. in width. The main walls and the
roof stand almost as the nuns left them and form an interesting group of
buildings. (Fig. 12.)
At the south end of the range is a chamber 123ft. from north to south
with a two-light cusped window in the west wall where in Aubrey’s time
were the arms of Bodenham. It was doubtless the buttery, and had origin-
ally, as now, a passage cut off its east end to communicate from the kitchen
to the guest-hall.
Over the buttery and passage is a room with a fireplace in the south wall
and the remains of a similar window to that below in the west wall. This
room is apparently that which Aubrey says was the priest’s room, and it
must have been gained by a flight of steps next the passage.
Northward of the buttery the range was occupied by the guest-hall 31ft.
in length. This was open to the roof, which had tie-beam principals like
the frater and curved wind-braces under the purlins. The south end is
occupied by a passage 6ft. wide which in a normal arrangement was placed
behind the screens at the lower end of the hall; but recently a wide fireplace
with chamfered jambs has been found backing upon the western half of the
passage. This is probably an original arrangement and is an exact counter-
part of the fourteenth-century guest-hall at Birkenhead Priory. The hall
is now lighted by two seventeenth-century windows and divided by a floor
24 Excavations at the Priories of Bradenstoke, etc,
into two stories, but in Aubrey’s time it retained a pair of original two-light
pointed windows. The passage is entered from the west by a four-centred
moulded doorway and seems to have had a small doorway opposite into
the cloister. 5 ie
The entrance is protected by a low porch having an open archway with
a modern head, and it retains its original roof of arched rafters. Built into
the gable over the archway is a twelfth-century beast’s head exactly similar
to the label terminals of the main arcades at Malmesbury.
At the north end of the hall is a room 12ft. from north to south in which
there was a fireplace in the south wall; but the original window in the west
wall has been destroyed. In this window were the arms of Bodenham with
a mitre crest and Bodenham quartering gules three bars checky argent and
sable, as noticed by Aubrey. ‘The room was probably connected with the
hall by a small doorway and was used as a guest-chamber or parlour.
Opposite the entrance from the hall was another doorway into a room to
the north,
This room is beyond the line of the range and measures 10ft. from north
to south by 8?ft. wide. In the west wall is a four-centred doorway from
without ; but the other original arrangements have been destroyed. Along
the north wall must have been a garderobe pit, and there was doubtless a
garderobe in the room itself. Outside the hall and parlour are three
buttresses each of two sets-off.
Eastward of the garderobe is a chamber, 133#ft. from east to west by 10ft.
wide, placed along the north side of the cloister. ‘This room has in the east
wall a pointed doorway from without and a three-light ‘'udor window in
the north wall. On the south side is a slight projection in which is a tall
four-centred doorway with a rebate for a door opening inwards. The room
formed the entrance to the prioress’s lodging and was from its position used
as an outer parlour for interviewing visitors.
The doorway in the south wall entered a large vice 74ft. in diameter, that
is contained in a square turret occupying the north-west angle of the cloister,
and leads to the upper floor.
The upper floor, over the guest-chamber, garderobe, and outer parlour
was the prioress’s lodging. ‘The room over the guest-chamber has an
original fireplace in the south wall, a two-light cusped window in the west
wall, and a four-centred arched doorway at the east end of the north wall.
The entrance from the vice was in the middle of the east wall, but the
original doorway has been destroyed. ‘The roof is of the same character as _|
that over the hall. The little doorway in the north wall was the entrance |
to the garderobe, which has an original cusped loop in the west wall; but |
its other arrangements have been removed. |
The room over the outer parlour was apparently entered from the top of |
the vice and was the prioress’s bed-chamber. It has a two-light Tudor
window in the north wall, and a small square window with moulded jambs |
and head in the east wall which has stone window seats. |
Between the outer parlour and the west end of the Church was an entrance |
to the cloister of which the western jamb remains.
The royal corrody house within the priory of Kington seems to have been |
‘esuUvd UlOJSeM JO pus 4SoM
‘AIOLIG syoysueperg —'Z
——
nea-qus
‘KIOIIg oyo}suepvlg —E :
Fig. 5.—Bradenstoke Priory, north end of western range.
Ss room.
10Lr
the Pr
lory;
Bradenstoke Pr
Yes (Gs
F
(Reproduced by perm
”)
Ider.
i
“The Bu
from
ission
‘apis qysou ‘uivg AOlIg syoysuspelg—') ‘sly
‘apIs ySva-yynos ‘ule AIO dYOJsuapesg{—'g “Sty
RE eS ce
a8 ue
i a
‘QSURI UlOJSOM JO OpIs ysem ‘AIONIG uojSUly— Zl ‘S17
CENTURY... EARLY.
Fede
POST-SUPPRESSION..
12™ CENTURY
isPive}| f= ieHE-[ofe)
CHURCH.
CHAPTER HOUSE
CLOISTER
=
AFTER 1459.
KINCTON PRIORY
ESA.
et delt.
mens.
Harold Brakspear,
>
ae
O
a
2,
ic
OU
ut
=)
a
id
Za
O
—
2
Z
©
=
HATCHING SHEWS DESTROYED WALLS.
| 4 l2™ CENTURY.
TD is 00 may
ell 15™ po, LATE.
CLOISTER.
“ye
VAULT }
SITE oF
KITCHEN
yy
Wy
, 2
BRADENSTOKE PRIORY.
By Harold Brakspear, F.S.A, 25
of early foundation, though its origin is unknown. ‘The house was being
rebuilt in 1221 at the charge of the king, and the Close Rolls contain a
number of orders for the supply of timber and money for this purpose.
The corrody was for two eleemosynary girls to reside therein at the king’s
pleasure, and there are grants of money to the prioress for their maintenance
| during 1221 and the two following years. No sign of this house remains,
| and the corrody seems to have lapsed long before the suppression.
26
WILTSHIRE NEWSPAPERS—PAST AND PRESENT,
Part III. (Continued,)}
THE NEWSPAPERS OF SOUTH WILIS.
By Mrs. Herpert RicHarpson, B.A., sometime Scholar of St. Hugh’s
College, Oxford.
SECTION 3.—THE SALISBURY TIMES AND OTHER SALISBURY PAPERS OF THE
NINETEENTH CENTURY (continued).
(c)—Literary and other Salisbury papers of the nineteenth century.
The Topographer (1821).
The Western Literary Advertiser (1841).
Clapperton’s Register (1860).
The Wilts County Council Record (1889—1890).
The Gasper (1915—1916).
The following group of publications, though not technically newspapers,
come within the latitude of definition originally allowed for by the writer.
They are interesting either in themselves or as records of local activities,
and deserve for these reasons a brief inclusion in any detailed history of
the South Wilts Press.
THE ToPoGRAPHER.
The Topographer (1821). This isa single issue?of an antiquarian magazine
privately printed at Salisbury. It is an octavo of sixty pages, measuring
84in. X 5in., and its title runs :—
‘The Topographer. / Originally / edited by / Rev. S. Shaw, / and
Sir E. Brydges, / now / continued / by Thomas Phillipps, Esq. / Vol. V.,
/ pt. 1. / (Privately printed :) Salisbury, /Printed by J. Gilmour.’ / 1821.”
1 For Parts I. and II., by Mr. J. J. Slade, and Sections 1, 2, and 3 of
Part III., by Mrs. Richardson, see Wilts Arch. Mag., xl., pp. 37—47, 129—
141, 318—351; xli., pp. 53—69, 479—501; xlii., 231—241, 313—324.
2 In the British Museum. One copy only, apparently, extant.
3 James A. Gilmour was a Salisbury printer, carrying on business in the
Market Place’since 1817 (a Hymn printed by him in this year is extant), and
probably earlier. Francis Gilmour, of Catherine Street, a printer who does
much poster work in the Election controversies of 1841, was a member of
the same family.
)
:
Wiltshire Newspapers—Past and Present, 27
The sub-title on the opening page reads :—“‘ The Topographer. Numb. 1.
_ For March, 1821.”
}
It was a Salisbury-printed continuation of a London periodical of the
same name, illustrative of the local history and antiquities of England,
which ran from 1789 to 1791. Sir Thomas Phillipps, F.S.A., who now
continued it, was the noted antiquary and bibliophile (a “ Vello-maniac ” he
called himself), whose activities in seeking and purchasing early MSS., of
which he had an enormous and unique collection, did so much to raise
public interest in such memorials. For him Gilmour had already printed
Collections for Wiltshire! in 1819.
The 1821 continuation of 7’he Topographer opens with a letter dated :—
“Whitchurch, 1819.
Sir,—As you are about to continue that useful publication, The
Topographer, I beg to send the following Church notes for a few parishes
in Hampshire. Yours, etc., W.H.”
Its contents include Church notes and family history of various counties ;
_ but three-quarters of the part is occupied by an “ Oxfordshire Visitation,”
ne!
and the last page contains a pedigree headed :—“ Ex Harl. MSS. No. 1559.
Stemma familiz de Banfield de Hardington.”
The short-lived Salisbury 7opographer is chiefly memorable as the oats:
local periodical of an exclusively antiquarian character.
‘THe WESTERN LITERARY ADVERTISER.
The Western Literary Advertiser (1841) was a short-lived literary venture.
Its full title runs :-—
“The Western Literary Advertiser and Salisbury Bibliographical
Gazette. A Miscellany of Literary Information, Local and General.
No. 1, Saturday, April 5th, 1841, Price 3d. Printed and Published
by J. Hearn, Poultry Cross, Salisbury. London agents, Simpkin,
Marshall, & Co., Stationers’ Hall Court.?”
Hearn was a second-hand bookseller on a large scale, as well as a printer,
/and had been established in Salisbury since 1836, or earlier, working at
26, Catherine Street, and 6, Queen Street, before moving to the Poultry
Cross. Several of his catalogues, interleaved and elaborately annotated in
beautiful script, exist in the Salisbury Public Library, and prove him to
| have been a man of wide reading and precise methods. His Western Literary
| Advertiser was a crown quarto publication (10in. X 74in.) of sixteen pages,
and its prospectus adequately describes its scope :—
| “To be published six times a year, combining, 1, amusing Miscellany
of Literary and Scientific Memoranda (under headings Western Port-
folio, Bookworm, Student, Literary and Scientific Chit-Chat, Brief
Notices of new books); 2, complete classified list of all books published
within the period embraced by each number, with their sizes, prices,
ete. ; 3, Advertisements of a Literary character alone, as Lists of Books
BPuillivcs later published other works on Wiltshire: Jnstitutiones
Clericorum in Comitatu Wiltonix, 1297—1810, in 1825; and North
Wiltshire Musters, in 1834, &c., &c.
* Numbers 1—5 are in the British Museum.
28 Wilishire Newspapers—Past and Present.
for sale, announcements of new publications, etc. A desideratum to
both Book-buyers and Booksellers at the very trifling cost of eighteen-
pence a year, a body of information not otherwise obtainable in a
concentrated form.”
The Salisbury Journal commented on the first number as ‘‘a very favour-
able specimen . . . which cannot fail to be favourably received by all
persons connected either immediately or remotely with the literary world,”
and obviously approved the venture, for the fifth number (for December 4th,
1841) has the imprint, “ Printed and Published by W. Brodie & Co., Canal,”
as well as that of Hearn and of Simpkin Marshall.
But The Western Interary Advertiser, though coinciding with a most —
Interesting period of literature for its notices and comments (Barnaby
Rudge was running in Household Words throughout these months, which
were also marked by the publication of Lever’s Charles O’ Malley, Carlyle’s
Hero Worship, and the first appearance of Punch), did not survive
this number, which is endorsed in the British Museum files, ‘‘N.B.,
Number 5 is the concluding number.”
CLAPPERTON’S REGISTER (1860).
The periodical of the miscellany type seems always to have been doomed
to a short life in Salisbury. ‘The old County Magazine! of the eighteenth
century ran for six years certainly, but at a period when magazines of this
description were enormously popular. ‘The nineteenth century ventures of
the year 1854, The Salisbury Advertiser and Monthly Miscellany and its
rival, The Salisbury Times and Wiltshire Miscellany,? came to a speedy
end, however, and of the remaining Salisbury miscellany, Clapperton’s
Register, one copy only, the issue for November, 1860, is traceable.? This
is a monthly publication of forty-eight pages, measuring 103in. X 7in, and
bound in a pale green cover.
The title, ee in a ornamental border, reads :—
“No. 1. / Clapperton’s / Register / of / Facts and Occurrences /
Relating H Literature, the Sciences, and The Arts / 1860 / November | —
Salisbury: / Walter Clapperton, / Catherine Street. / ”
Within the border at the top corners are the words “ Monthly ” and
“ Price—2d.”
The Register contained matter such as was usually provided by London
publishers for periodicals of this type. A chapter from a novel by George
Augustus Sala, an article on Mr. Mudie by John Holingshead, varied
information of wide range (from Glaciers to the House Fly), and “ Literary
Intelligence.” The ‘ Conductor” states in a preliminary ‘“‘ Notice,” that
‘‘ Narrative articles, recording all that shall have taken place during the
|
|
month preceding their date in connexion with the various branches of the :
arts, will constitute a prominent feature of each subsequent. number of the
1 See Wilts Arch. Mag., xl., p. 80 sgq.
2 See “ The Salisbury Times and other Salisbury, papers of the nineteenth
century.” Wilts Arch. Mag., xli., p. 479 sqq.
3 Writer's collection.
Oe, eee
By Mrs. Herbert Richardson. 29
_ Register, while the Literary Intelligence department will in future be much
fuller.”
It is the “ Literary Intelligence department” and the lengthy advertise-
ments of London publishers, and of the “ Conductor ” himself, that con-
stitute the real interest of the Register. It was in facta publication of very
‘similar aim to The Western Literary Advertiser of 1841, and gives an
attractive and detailed picture of English letters more than sixty years ago,
when the new novels of such giants as Balzac, Dickens, and Thackeray
were still eagerly awaited, and the study of history was being enriched by
the labours of such great authorities as Motley and Erskine May.
Walter Clapperton carried on business, as printer and bookseller, at the
same premises 'as Kenneth Clapperton, printer of The Wiltshire Standard 2
(1833). Hence he issued, from 1859 onwards, those “ cheap and under-
) standable little books,” The Salisbury Time Tables, and here he seems to
have dealt in a wide stock-in-trade, typical of a successful Victorian book-
‘seller, conducting a Circulating Library, selling fine prints, and stocking a
remarkable selection of works on almost every subject.
Clapperton’s Register must have been, however, like its predecessors,
short-lived.? One is forced to the conclusion that the local literary periodical
did not appeal to the Salisbury public, whose keenest enthusiasms have
‘always been for politics and for local news, interests which the newspapers
play dealt with have long adequately supplied.
fi
|
THE Wits County Councit Recorp (1889—1890),
The Wilts County Council Record was a quasi-monthly‘ periodical, devoted
ito County Council procedure, and issued to meet the public interest excited
by the working of Lord Salisbury’s Local Government Act of 1888. It was
an attractively printed record, measuring 94in. X 7in., and its title runs :—
| “Wilts County Council Record / (arms of New Sarum) | No. 1,
January, February, and April, 1889 / containing / List of the Members
of the County Council ; The various parishes comprising the Divisions ;
Biographical Sketches of the Members of the Council ; and a Full
Report of the Proceedings of the two meetings of the Provisional
Council, and the First Meeting of the County Council. / Printed and
Published by Edward Roe & Co., ‘ Wilts County Mirror and Express’
j Office. /”
| The reason for the Record’s appearance was clearly stated in its first
| oumber :—‘‘ The interesting and lasting influence of the I.ocal Government
‘Act upon the welfare of the County of Wilts is an adequate reason why
‘here should be reproduced in a suitable form a complete and current Record
of its proceedings,”
| This number gave “ biographical sketches ” of the Chairman, the Marquis
I
' Those now occupied by Mr. T. T. Johnson, the optician.
*See Wilts Arch. Mag., xli., p. 490.
* It is in no way referred to by The Salisbury Journal.
|‘ It appeared monthly or bi-monthly, according to the amount of County
ouncil business to be reported.
30 Wiltshire Newspapers—Past and Present.
of Bath, and of Aldermen The Right Honourable E. P. Bouverie, J. F.
Swayne, and others.
‘'welve numbers! subsequently appeared, the last being that for July, 1890.
All except the first, however, were exclusively devoted to detailed reporting
of County Council measures, the biographical matter of No. | not being
again repeated. ‘The Record probably came to an end as the Wiltshire
public grew familiar with the fuller development of Local Government,
and ceased to regard its County Council as a new and strange phenomenon.
The full and detailed reporting of County Council procedure in the three
local Salisbury newspapers? also made the continuance of a separate record
of this description unnecessary.
THE GASPER (1915—1916).
The Gasper was a short-lived periodical, which has been described as ‘‘ the
most interesting and amusing Military Paper published during the War.”
It consisted of a single-sheet in folio (four pages, 15in. x 10in.) price One
Penny, ‘“‘ Printed and Published for the Proprietors by William E. Bennett,
Journal Office, Canal, Salisbury,” and appearing in theory weekly, but in
fact with varying regularity.
The proprietors were members of the United Public Schools Brigade,
Royal Fusiliers, of which the paper was the “ Unofficial Organ,” and The
Gasper started its career on September 10th, 1915, when the Brigade was
at Tidworth, material for its make up being sent home from France after
January, 1916, by which time the Brigade had joined the B.E.F.
Its editor was Pte. G. M. Green, D. Coy, 19th R. F., and the paper was
generously helped by Sir A. Paget and Captain Charles Bathurst, M.P.,$
who assumed liability for its money losses. It had a satisfactory circulation,
both on Salisbury Plain and later in France, where it was purchasable at
most estamenets, and only came to an end with No. 21, for July, 1916, because
the original members of the Brigade were by that time so scattered that it
‘shad ceased to be the organ of anything particular.”
It maintained throughout its career a high level of the gay and cheery
humour characteristic of so many of its contemporaries, and its constant
illustrations are drawn with singular cleverness.
Nore.—The Sarum Almanack and Diocesan Kalendar (1857 to present
day) and The Salisbury Diocesan Gazette (1888 to present day), have been
briefly referred to in the “ Miscellaneous” section of Mr. J. J. Slade’s
final article. It is in accordance with the scheme of the standard newspaper
record, The Tercentenary Handlist of English and Welsh Newspapers, to
omit annuals and ecclesiastical magazines from a detailed study of press
development such as has been here undertaken. But a unique parish paper,
published in South Wiltsand fully partaking of the character of a newspaper,
deserves brief mention.
~
Allin the British Museum.
2 Salisbury Journal, Salisbury Times, and Wiltshire County Murror.
3 Now Lord Bledisloe.
By Mrs. Herbert Richardson. ol
This is The Bowerchalke Weekly Parish Paper, conducted by the late
Rev. Edward Collett, Vicar of the parish. It was a weekly newspaper for
the parish, the size of a half-sheet of notepaper, and sold for a farthing.!
Though primarily devoted to Church affairs, it consistently included general
local news, and from time to time brought its influence to bear on local
problems, such as the securing of a Sunday post and delivery of letters for
the village, both of which it effected.
From Saturday, April 15th, 1882, to Wednesday, April 12th, 1922, this
little weekly continued, always “‘ wholly printed” by the Vicar, who set up,
cleaned, and distributed his own type; and its sequence was only of necessity
interrupted from time to time by Mr. Collett’s occasional illnesses.
On February 27th, 1908, the 1000th number was issued, in which an
“editorial” stated that whereas No. 1 of The Weekly Parish News, as it
was first called, was published with a small circulation of 85 copies, its
circulation was now 250. Of these over a hundred were sent by post, in
bound monthly parts, all over England, and to Canada, India, New Zealand,
America, and Africa. It had also been, since its commencement, filed at
_the Bodleian Library, Oxford, by special request,as a noteworthy publication.
| By 1918 its weekly circulation had reached 370, with 160 set aside for
'monthly despatch. But with No. 1703, for April 12th, 1922, owing to the
| increasing age and failing health of the Vicar, who was then over 75 years
of age, this long-lived parish newspaper came to an end, after forty years,
in which, to quote its proprietor, printer and editor’s modest words, “ Its
| influence has been widespread, and many parish efforts had owed their good
| success to its circulation.”
An appreciative leader in The Salisbury Times for May 16th, 1924,
characterises the paper as “a monument of persistent patience in simple
effort rarely equalled.” To the student of the newspaper it is a unique
journalistic achievement of which the Wiltshire Press may be justly proud.
SECTION 4.—WILTON AND WARMINSTER PAPERS,
| (a)—Wilton papers.
| There are only two Wilton publications to include in any survey of the
‘South Wilts Press, as The Wilton Gazette and Three Shires Advertiser of
1903, though issuing from a sub-office in Wilton (Mr. William Jukes’s, North
\Street), was a Compton Press paper, printed at Gillingham, in Dorset, and
finally absorbed by a newspaper at Yeovil. These are :—
The Wilton Monthly Illustrated Journal (1877—1879).
The Wilton and Salisbury Chronicle (1885—1887).
THe Witton MontHiy ILLUSTRATED JOURNAL.
The Wilton Monthly Illustrated Journal belongs to a period when the
Literary Miscellany (curiously enough, never successful in Salisbury) was
‘The farthing price is not unique. In Plate IV. of Hogarth’s “ Rake’s
Progress” a boy in the foreground reads The Farthing Post, and a Farthing
Journal of Literature, Instruction, and Amusement ran for some numbers
in 1840 and 1841.
|
|
|
|
|
32 Wiltshire Newspapers—Past and Present.
still widely popular. It was a publication of the magazine type, measuring
10in. X 7din., and containing about 20 to 24 pages, ‘‘ Price 2d.” Its first
number appeared in August, 1877, headed, on the front page, by a block of
Stonehenge (beneath the title), and was made up of the usual London-
printed illustrated monthly, with four pages of local news and advertise-
ments.
Its ‘“‘ Foreword” explained its purpose :—‘‘ To jot down the events which
take place in our snug little borough, or which concern it in any considerable
degree . . . to give short, pithy reports of all public meetings, of
whatever party or society . . . and to promote the free discussion of.
anything which may concern the welfare of the borough.”
The proprietors of The Wilton Monthly Illustrated Journal were the late
Mr. William Vincent Moore,! the late Mr. Henry Street, and the late Mr.
Corby, and correspondence was invited, ‘‘addressed to The Editor, c/o Mr.
H. Street, Newsagent, North Street, Wilton.” The Journal was printed for
the proprietors in Salisbury by “ William Wells,? at his Printing Office,
60, Fisherton Street, Salisbury.”
It proceeded for some time with apparently real success. Each monthly
issue contained, under the block of Stonehenge on the front page, an
“editorial” on some topic of general interest (the Education Act of 1876
provided much material for discussion), or on some such local matter as
the doings of the Wilton Literary Institute. The inner covering pages were,
further, full of local news, very adequately reported, announcements of
births, deaths, and marriages, local railway information, and so forth.
With No. 25, for August, 1874, the Journal entered on its third year with
some self-congratulation. “ We have got through our babyhood, with allits —
ailments, uncommonly well, and we hope to be spared to reach a vigorous ©
|
with No. 29, for December, 1879, the proprietors, under the same heading, |
announced the paper’s demise, after two and a half years of existence,
Financial difficulties were apparently the reason for its cessation, one of —
manhood,” wrote the proprietors, under the heading “Ourselves.” But
the proprietors being unable, for the time being, to back the venture
further. ‘The Journal, adopting an analogy ‘‘ from banking,” therefore |
gave notice that ‘‘ this business is suspended,” and, maintaining that it had
to this point been a success, informed its “
there would be no further issues.
The twenty-nine numbers that exist present, however, a most interesting —
and detailed picture of the social and business life of the borough in the
late eighteen-seventies, such as could not now be found elsewhere. And ib |
is something of an achievement to have maintained, with the small publie |
provided by Wilton, a literary magazine for a period of two and a half years,
when no publication of similar type survived in Salisbury for more than a
few months.
t The late Alderman W, V. Moore.
* See The Salisbury Times, Wilts Arch. Mag., xli., p. 485.
— ee a
ee
un
eerie
q
1
numerous subscribers” that |
By Mrs. Herbert Richardson. 33
THE WILTON AND SALISBURY CHRONICLE.
The Wilton and Salisbury Chronicle! first appeared in 1885. ‘The still
recent incorporation of Wilton as a borough presented a favourable op-
portunity for the enterprise of a local paper, and the Chronicle was started
by the late Mr. William Vincent Moore, who had already taken part in the
venture of The Wilton Monthly Illustrated Journal.
It was a weekly journal, of eight pages (five columns to the page)
measuring 20in. by 14in., appearing on Fridays, and priced 1d. Its politics
were Liberal. The printing press on which it was printed was in the old
Wool Loft in the Market Place of Wilton (now pulled down to make room
for the memorial to the late Earl of Pembroke), and its offices were at No. 46,
West Street, the residence of the proprietor. Advertisements in The
Newspaper Press Directory describe it as “the only newspaper printed and
published within the extensive Wilton or Southern Parliamentary Division
of the County of Wilts, where it has an extensive circulation.”
Before the close of 1885 the paper was enlarged to 22in. X 18in. (six
columns to the page), a size which it seems to have maintained; and in
1887 it was issuing on ‘hursday instead of Friday.
Vhe Wilton Chronicle very fully reported Wilton affairs, and gavea good
deal of its space to politics, for which the bitterly fought elections of 1885
and 1886 afforded ample opportunity.
By the year 1887, however, the paper must have been suffering from the
successful development of the Salisbury Liberal organ, The Salisbury
Times. Its promoter, Mr. Moore, seems to have lost interest in it, asin that
year he sold it to his compositor and manager, a Mr. Pinchin, who soon
after, so he believes, sold it to 7’he Salisbury Times. Data on the point are
not quite clear, owing to the absence of any reference to the matter in the
files of The Salisbury Times, and the impossibility of now tracing Mr,
Pinchin. Mr. Alfred Goodere, editor of The Salisbury Times at that date,
thinks that the paper ‘‘ was disposed of to Mr. James Ridout, proprietor of
~The Gillingham Record.” but as this localized edition of a Gillingham
paper (already referred to) belongs to a much later date, 1903, it is probable
that Alderman W. V. Moore’s recollection is the more correct, although
The Salisbury Times does not incorporate the Chronicle title. It seems
certain, however, that, as in 1868 The Salisbury Times had beaten its pre-
_decessor and rival, The Salisbury Examiner, out of the local Liberal news-
paper field, so in 1887 it either extinguished or absorbed the Wilton Liberal
‘newspaper, for whose public the more important Salisbury organ could
quite adequately cater.
| [The writer is much indebted to the late Alderman Edward Slow and
\the late Alderman W. V. Moore, of Wilton, whose recollections of Wilton
Journalism have been of great assistance. |
L
1 Very few numbers are traceable. There are none in the British Museum.
the late Alderman Edward Slow, of Wilton, possessed a few copies, and
‘The Newspaper Press Directory supplies other data.
|
VOL. XLIII—M.NO. CXLII. D
34 Wiltshire Newspapers—Past and Present.
(b) WARMINSTER PAPERS.
The Warminster papers are three in number :—
The Warminster Miscellany (1854—1863).
The Warminster Herald (1857—1893).
The Warminster and Westbury Journal (1881—present day).
THE WARMINSTER MISCELLANY AND LOCAL ADVERTISER.
The Warminster Miscellany and Local Advertiser was a monthly journal,
about crown folio in size, measuring 133in. by 93in., which first appeared
in January, 1854, price ld. Its proprietor was Mr. Richard Elliott Vardy,
a member of a leading local family, who carried on business as a bookseller,
stationer, and bookbinder on the premises whence to-day issues The
Warminster and Westbury Journal.!
The Miscellany contained six or eight pages of miscellaneous literary
matter (illustrated), with four pages of advertisements and local news. Its
“ Foreword” shows that the repeal of the newspaper stamp duty, and the
consequent widening of the ranks of the reading public, were together re-
sponsible for its existence. “ The facilities for advertising lately given by
the legislature in the repeal of the duty,” it asserts, “ renders a vast amount
of advertisements—and of mediums for advertising—more and more
necessary. . . + With these one can now combine a full appreciation of
literature.”
The Newspaper Press Directory of 1856 describes it as “ neutral,” and in
its ten years’ existence it consistently proceeded on the lines laid down in
the “ Foreword” quoted, publishing what was really the Jllustrated
London Miscellany together with local news of non-controversial descrip-
tion, and advertisements. The London Miscellany for this period provided
much interesting reading, afforded by such great events as the Crimean
War, the Indian Mutiny, and the Civil War in America; while among
local matter reported, the proceedings of the Warminster Athenzoumn are
noteworthy.
In 1863, however, the Miscellany came to an end, with number 120, for
Tuesday, ecember Ist, 1863. This number contained a “ paled stata
which pointed out that at the date of its inception subjects of local interest |
** could only obtain publicity through the columns of newspapers published |
a, considerable distance from the town,” whereas the subsequent “* emanci-
pation of the newspaper press from all fiscal duties, and other causes, have
resulted in the establishment of a weekly paper in this and an adjoining
town, which have to a great extent superseded the utility of a monthly
publication.” The reference is probably to the Trowbridge weeklies? and |
to the Warminster Herald of 1857 onwards, which seem to have killed the )
older and more leisured paper. |
aa
1 Some of the old type, used for advertisements in the J/iscellany, is still
being used in the Journal to-day.
2 See Mr. J. J. Slade’s articles, Walts Arch. Mag., xl. and xlii.
By Mrs, Herbert Richardson. 20
THE WARMINSTER HERALD AND GENERAL WEEKLY ADVERTISER.
The Warminster Herald and General Weekly Advertiser issued its first
mumber on Saturday, March 7th, 1857. It was a four-page weekly, measur-
ing 17in. by 22in., price 1d., and its imprint runs :—“ Printed and published
by William Henry ‘Tayler, the Proprietor, of the parish of Warminster,
Wilts, at his Printing Office, Warminster, Wilts.” The number states
further that “The Editor receives communications at Tayler’s Library,
_ opposite the Town Hall, Warminster.” Mr. ‘Tayler combined his library
and printing business with that of a chemist, on premises now occupied by
Messrs. Cook & Co., and his printing office was behind the next-door
| premises (those of Mrs. Hill, confectioner), through an archway on which
the inscription “ Herald Offices” and the pointing hand of direction re-
_mained till quite recently.
The paper was,like the M/rscellany,neutral in character at its first inception,
and doubtless supplied a public need. But it was to undergo many changes
of proprietorship. By 1866 it had passed into the hands of Messrs, John
and William Martin. Mr. John Martin died in 1873, and Mr. William
| Martin retained the paper until about 1884, when the property was acquired
‘by a local grocer, Mr. E. Cusse, who soon disposed of it again, as in the
same year it was in the hands of Messrs. Bennett & Co. From them it
passed in 1885 to Mr. W. F. Morgan, who was Chairman of the Urban
| District Council, and a leader of the Liberal party in the division, and it is
‘at this date that it definitely adopted a political attitude and became Liberal
‘instead of neutral.
In 1886 it changed hands once again, Mr. Frank Evans! being te new
proRpeton The Newspaper Press Directory of this date describes it as
“advocating Liberal politics, but impartially devoted to the interests of the
laisteicts i in which it circulates, and a promoter of science, literature, and the
arts” ; and further claims for it that it is ‘one of the oldest established low-
price papers in the West of England,” and can be ‘ ‘especially recommended
for its agricultural tone, and for the support it obtains in a large agricultural
district, which is more than can be claimed by any of its contemporaries.”
| For a brief period after Mr. Evans’s proprietorship the Herald was the
_ property of the Liberal Party in West Wilts. The paper was now an
eight-page periodical, measuring 18in. by 24in., and roughly illustrated. But
the competition of its five-year-old local rival, The War minster and Westbury
Journal, seems to have affected it in much the same way as its own first
uppearance affected the earlier Warminster Miscellany. In 1893 it came
bo an end with the issue for Saturday, Dec. 30th (No. 1973). This last
number announced the immediate appearance, on January 2nd, 1894, of
: The Wiltshire Herald, a halfpenny paper, “on whose space the news of
Warminster and Aleatiss was to have first demand.” ‘This, however, was
- brinted at Trowbridge, by G. Lansdown, of The Wiltshire Times, so cannot
be considered as actually a Warminster paper. Its brief career came to a
| ilose on July 24th of the same year, 1894.
Leer ee te I
|
| ‘Mr. Evans subsequently became proprietor or editor of a Lincolnshire
‘ewspaper.
10)
36 Wiltshire Newspapers—Past and Present.
THe WARMINSTER AND WESTBURY JOURNAL.
The Warminster and Westbury Journal, the final survivor of the War-
minster local newspapers, appeared on Saturday, November 19th, 1881. It
was an eight-page weekly, measuring 2lin. by 16in.,“ Printed and Published
by the Proprietor, Benjamin Walter Coates, at his Printing Offices, No. 15,
Market Place, Warminster.”” Here Mr. Coates had succeeded Mr. Vardy
in the bookselling and stationery business, which had confined itself to
Church Magazines and jobbing printing since the demise of The Warminster
Miscellany in 1863. By 1881, however, there was scope for the renewal of
newspaper enterprise at these old premises, and the Journal’s “ Foreword” —
clearly states its objects and policy :—‘ A journal giving full, intelligent,
and unbiassed accounts of the chief events occurring amongst us has long
been considered a desideratum. . . . The town of Warminster has.
unmistakably signified its need of such a paper. The town of Westbury
has, we believe, never had a newspaper bearing distinctly its name on the
title . . . We shall endeavour to give correct reports of meetings of
various bodies . . . accurate returns of near and distant markets,
especially those which are important to our agricultural friends. Parlia-
mentary and political intelligence . . . impartial accounts of events,
with occasional articles on the leading and engrossing topics of the day will —
be given . . . Yo the agriculturalist, the merchant and the tradesman, —
we trust our paper will prove essentially useful. Special precaution will
be taken to make the Journal a family paper.”
The new paper’s politics were Conservative, and its wide range of interest,
special attention to agricultural topics, and clear and good printing, ensured
its ultimate success, although its early prospects “‘were anything but
promising, and it was prophesied that the life of the new venture would be ~
a short one.”!
Mr. Coates was himself the responsible editor, and conducted the paper
on the lineslaid down in its foreword, varying its features by the introduction ~
of a ladies’ column, occasional illustrations, etc., and developing its ad-
vertising side, but adhering consistently to the original scheme. |
On April 20th, 1894, an enlargement took place, “necessitated by fresh
demands on space and rapid increase in circulation,” of from 2lin. by 16in.
to 23in. by 16in. This lengthening of the paper added some five columns to
the former size of the Journal, and the paper at this time further catered ©
for its wide public by enclosing a local time table in each copy.
In 1898 Mr..B. W. Coates, after thirty-four years of business in War-
minster, transferred the Journal and the bookselling business to his son, |
Mr. Alfred Herbert Coates, “ from and after January Ist, 1898.” Mr, A. |
H. Coates had been for thirteen years associated with his father in the
management of the Journal, and was therefore able to give the same |
personal attention to the paper's editing and general management as Mr. B. |
W. Coates had devoted to it. |
On Nov. 22nd, 1902, the Journal celebrated its coming of age, an |
occasion of real congratulation both for the paper’s staff and for its public. |
1 Mr. H. B. Edwards, head of the composing department, November, 1902 |
By Mrs. Herbert Richardson. 37
It was now, the coming-of-age number states, “the only paper in the
populous district in which it is published,” and had consistently en-
deavoured “ to treat all with fairness and fulfil its duties as local historian
impartially.” Many of its original advertisers were “ still advertising in
the paper twenty-one years later,” a circumstance that effectively testifies
to the Journal’s value as a local advertising medium, which has always been
one of its strong features.
In 1910 a change in date of publication took place, the paper issuing on
and subsequent to January 7th, 1910, on Friday morning instead of Satur-
day. The Friday issue, prior to the usual Saturday market, has been
generally adopted by most weekly Wiltshire papers within the last twenty
years.
_ Two years later, on October 4th, 1912, Mr. A. H. Coates took into partner-
ship as proprietor of the Journal, Mr. Samuel Hillier Parker, who had
_assisted him in his business for the previous twelve years. The paper is
still issued under their joint proprietorship, and in policy and scope main-
| tains the traditions of its founder. Its political complexion at the present
| day is defined by its proprietor as “ Independent neutral, with a Conserva-
‘| tive colouring.” Its circulation now extends from Westbury and the —
| adjoining villages on the western side, through the valley of the Wylye (as
far as the village of Wylye itself) on the east, the Deverill valley on the
‘south, and many of the Down villages, comprising roughly the towns of
| Warminster and Westbury and about thirty adjacent villages.
[The writer is much indebted to the authorities at the British Museum
land the Hendon Repository for access to early Warminster papers ; to
'|Mr. A. H. Coates for access to the files of The Warminster and Westbury
Journal ; and particularly to Mr. H. B. Edwards, head of the composing
department of the Journal and overseer of this department of the paper
‘since 1882, for much kind and helpful information on the Warminster
press, and for reading through the MS. of this section. |
Addenda.—(1) Salisbury and Winchester Journal.
Mr. J. J. Hammond, Mr. Henry R. Plomer, and Mr. J. Saxon Childers (of
|Worcester College, Oxford), have kindly supplied some further notes on
Benjamin Collins.
_ Mr. Henry R. Plomer states Phat Collins’ name is found on the imprint
to The Bible annotated by Samuel Humphries in 1735. In 1754 Collins
also published, in conjunction with D. Hodges, of London Bridge, a novel
called Matrimony, the title of which was altered to 7’he Marriage Act in the
second edition. In 1758 an action was brought against him for selling
copies of The Spectator, printed in Scotland, but was dropped.
Mr. J.J. Hammond communicates some interesting figures (gathered from
a contemporary solicitor’s “Instructions Book”), illustrating the money
value of The Salisbury Journal in the late eighteenth century. When
‘Benjamin Collins severed his active connection with the Journal in 1775,
ie J. Alexander and G. Sealy (whose imprint appears on papers of
1771) had each a quarter share in it. At Alexander’s death Collins took
ia share, which Messrs. Hodson and J. Johnson in the year 1775 purchaseds
|
38 Wiltshire Newspapers—Past and Present.
and also that of Sealy. For Sealy’s quarter they gave Captain Sealy @
bond for £1300. The money value of The Journal and “ Printing, Book-
selling, and Stationery Business” seems thus to have been estimated at
£5200, a high figure at this date; and the profits, one finds from the same
* Instructions Book,” were about £800 a year in all.
Mr. J. Saxon Childers informs the writer that he has recently purchased
a little chap-book, Histortes or Tales of Passed Times, or Tales of
Mother Goose, “ Englished by G. M. Gent,” and published by B. C. Collins,
of Salisbury, 1719. His copy is the eleventh edition. This discovery is of —
great interest. It antedates by ten years the first known English transla-
tion of Perrault’s Contes de ma Meére l’Oye, hitherto supposed to be that
made by Robert Samber and published in London in 1729. It also
establishes the fact that the Collins family was printing in Salisbury at an
earlier date than has up to now been assumed; and makes it clear that there
must have been an older B. C. Collins (B. C. Collins I.), father presumably
to the B. Collins who died in 1785 in his sixty-eighth year, and grandfather
to B. C. Collins II., who died 1808. Further, it gives Salisbury, which has
produced at least two notable first editions—The Vicar of Wakefield and
The Fight at Dame Europa’s School—a claim at any rate to having also.
issued the earliest English version! of one of the most famous collections of
fairy-tales in the world.
(2)—Farley Family in Salisbury.
The following entries occur in the registers of St. Thomas of Canterbury,
Sarum :-—
May 18th, 1717—Henry Farley married Elizabeth Bishop of fouent 3
(Fovant).
July 11th, 1736—The wife of Samuel ffarley buried.
September 5th, 1736.—Edmund Farley married Mary Provost.
These entries, in all probability, refer to the wife and two sons of Samuel —
Farley I—printer of The Salisbury Post Man, 1715—who evidently had a
big family. He seems, when he left Exeter for Bristol; to have left his son —
Edward to manage the business there, and later to have left Samuel II. and ~
Felix at Bristol, taking his wife and Henry and Edmund to Salisbury. ~
Here he must have left them when he returned to Bristol. The Salisbury
rate-books show that Edmund was still living in Salisbury in 1745.
Corrigenda.—The Wiltshire County Telegram and Salisbury Advertiser
(referred to in Mr. J. J. Slade’s original list of Wiltshire papers, andi
in Part III. of this survey of the Wiltshire newspapers), was a localized
edition of a Dorchester-printed paper, which had a sub-office in Salisbury }
only. No detailed notes on it are therefore given.
Wilts Arch. Mag., xliii., p. 324. For “the establishment of the Salisbury |
Journal in 1738” read ‘ 1729.”
—
‘Further research is of course needed on this point. Various locak_
records have been consulted to provide other data on early Collins print-
ing in Salisbury, and on the identity, and connection with Salisbury of I
“G. M. Gent” (probably Guy Miege, the Swiss, London school teacher and!
lexicographer), but without result.
39
THE SEVENTY-FIRST GENERAL MEETING
OF
THE WILTSHIRE ARCHAOLOGICAL AND NATURAL
HISTORY SOCIETY,
HELD AT SALISBURY;
August 11th, 12th, and 13th, 1924.
President of the Society :—
W. Hewarp BELL, F.G.S., F.S.A.
MONDAY, AUG. 11th.
The annual business meeting was held in the new Lecture Hall of the
Salisbury Museum, by the kind invitation of the Curator and the Committee
at 2 p.m., on Monday, Aug, 11th, a considerable number of members being
present. The chair was taken by the President, and he at once called on
the Hon. Secretary to read the
REPORT FOR THE YEAR 1923—24,
Members.—The total number of members on the Society’s list, including
those to be elected at this meeting, is 13 life members, 441 annual subscribers,
and one honorary member, Mr. Edward Kite, whom the committee elected
provisionally as a mark of their appreciation of the great services which
throughout a long life he has rendered, and continues to render, to Wiltshire
Archeology, more especially on the side of Genealogy and Family History.
There has been no election of an honorary member since the early years of
the Society, but the committee trust that their action may be confirmed by
the general meeting to-day. The total number of life and subscribing
_ members is thus 454, an increase of 29 on the year and a larger number than
_ has ever before been on the Society’s books.
Finance.—The financial position of the Society at the end of 1923 proved
_ to be better than was anticipated. The general fund, which began with a
_ balance of £35 15s. 5d., ended the year with a balance of £75 14s. 4d. But
this was due to the receipts from three sources, all of which were largely
above the average, the balance of the Marlborough meeting, the sale of
books and magazines, and the large number of entrance fees from new
_ members. From these three items, neither of which is constant or can be
_ reckoned on in future, the whole of the increased balance came. ‘Thus,
| though the position at the moment appears more satisfactory than seemed
_ likely a year ago, it affords no guarantee at all of a sufficient income for
the needs of the Society in the future. The value of such a Magazine as
| our own depends very largely on the ability of the editor to illustrate the
1 The fullest account of the proceedings and papers read at the meeting
| appeared in the Wrltshire Gazette, Aug. 14th, 21st, and 28th, and Sept. 11th,
| 1924,
40 The Seventy-first General Meeting.
papers adequately, and since the war the editor has never been able to do this.
It is largely to meet this difficulty that the committee proposes to raise the
subscription from 10s. 6d. to 15s. 6d., a proposal which it is hoped that
the present general meeting will agree to. In order to test the feeling of
members on this important point, a form of enquiry with a printed voting
card was sent to each member. The result so far has been that 25 voted
against the proposal, a few were neutral, and 232 voted in favour of the
increased subscription. It is therefore clear that a majority of the members,
even allowing for those who did not return the voting cards, are in favour
of the proposed increase.
The Magazine.—Two numbers, 138 and 139, were issued in 1923, containing
274 pages, at a cost of £191 17s. 2d. There were very few illustrations in
these numbers, or the cost would have been considerably more. The price
of each number of the Magazine to the public from June, 1924, will be
raised from 5s. 6d. to 8s., but the cost of back numbers will remain as at
present.
Register of Bishop Simon of Ghent.—Part II. of this was published in
1916 by the Canterbury and York Society, and distributed to such of our
members as subscribed for it. Since then no number has appeared until
last month, (July, 1924), when Part III. was issued, and has been sent out
to subscribers by the Hon. Secretary. The Society, as such, is not re-
sponsible for the cost of the publication.
The Museum.—The most important addition since the last report is the
entire collection of objects found by Dr. R. C. C. Clay in excavating the
Early Iron Age pits on Fyfield Bavant Down. This collection comprises
several accurate scale models in plaster of the pits, a large number of pottery
vessels restored by Dr. Clay, objects of iron, bone, and stone, and remarkable
samples of charred wheat, barley, and oats, all of which have been described
and illustrated in the June (1924) number of the Magazine. Dr. Clay also
presented a number of flint arrowheads and fabricators from Windmill Hill,
Avebury. Capt.and Mrs. B. H. Cunnington have presented the cinerary urn
and flint knife from the barrow opened by them at Potterne, and an incense
cup, portion of a bronze celt, and flint implements from the collection of
Mr. J. Soul, of Amesbury. On the Natural History side a collection of
varieties of four species of Helix, and a specimen of the rare white variety
(Schmidtii) of the Small Copper butterfly have recently been given to the
Museum by Mr. J. O. A. Arkell.
The Library.—The balance standing to the credit of the Museum En-
largement Fund, amounting to about £100, which has been accumulating
for some eight years past, has recently been expended in adapting the loft
over the back entrance to the Museum for the purposes of an extension of
the Library. By adding a lantern skylight the whole of the walls are made
available for bookshelves, and the space thus gained should suffice for the
extension of the Library for some years to come. ‘he gifts during the
year have been numerous as usual. A large consignment of old deeds, etc.,
connected with Calne and Calstone, has been given by the Marquess of
Lansdowne, through Lord: Kerry,°a numberof legal, papers,:\deeds, etc.,
connected with parishes in the north of Wilts by Mr. G. A. H. White,
The Seventy-first General Meeting. 41
several old estate maps and other papers by Messrs. Jackson and Mr. W. H.
Barrett. Five MSS. notebooks by F. Carrington on Ogbourne, Marlborough,
etc., were given by Col. S. T. Banning, and other MS. notebooks by the
Rev. W. H. Jones were purchased. The set of Archexologia has been brought
up to date by gifts from Mrs. Cunnington and Mr. E. H. Stone, who have
also given us their books on All Cannings Cross and Stonehenge respectively.
A notable gift was that of the finely-written and illuminated volume con-
taining “ The Constitutions of the Borough of Devizes,” known as “ Justice
Kent’s Ledger” of 1628, given by the Misses Grant-Meek, for which a glass
ease has been kindly provided by Capt. B. H. Cunnington so that it can be
exhibited lying open. The late Mr. Arthur Schomberg left the Library
several valuable books of reference as well as all his MS. notes and papers
on Wiltshire matters, and a legacy of £5. Amongst other old parchments
given. to the Library by Mr. W. H. Barrett and saved by him from de-
destruction, was a portion of the earliest register of Hullavington, which
by some means had got into private hands. This has now been restored to
the vicar of the parish, and an account of it will be printed in the Magazine.
Excavations.—Col. Hawley has, during the year, continued, with the
assistance of Mr. R. S. Newall, the excavations at Stonehenge which have
occupied so many years and have resulted in so many surprising and puzzling
discoveries. It is now clear that there are three distinct concentric rows
of stone holes outside the existing “outer circle” of stones, the “ Aubrey
holes” just inside the earth bank, and two other rows between these and
the present sarsen circle. The real bearing of these discoveries on the
question of the age of the monument is not yet clear. Dr. R. C. C. Clay
completed last autumn the excavation of the Early Iron Age village site on
_Fyfield Bavant Down, opening more than 100 pits, a detailed account of
_which has been published in the June number of the Magazine. This year
he has been engaged on a further series of pits of the same period on
| Swallowcliffe Down, and on a Saxon cemetery at Broad Chalke. Accounts
_of both these excavations will appear later on in the Magazine. Mr. H. St.
|G. Gray dug under the large sarsen stone lying by the side of the Chute
| causeway. ‘This stone has attracted considerable attention owing to certain
_markings cn its surface, which, however, are now generally allowed to be
| due to natural weathering. The result of these diggings was negative, as
nothing was found to connect the stone with any interment. Two
| barrows on Haxton Down have been opened this year (1924) by Mr. Percy
_ Farrer, and Capt. and Mrs. B. H. Cunnington have opened one of the large
| barrows in the vale at Potterne. Notes of both these diggings will appear
\in the Magazine later on. Thecourse of Wansdyke in the Savernake Forest
| district was investigated in the autumn of 1923 by Mr. Albany F. Major
and Mr. H. C. Brentnall, and the account of their diggings was printed in
the June (1924) Magazine. These investigations are to be carried further
\this year, and any contributions towards the expense of the excavations will
be thankfully received by either of the above gentlemen or by the Hon.
Secretary of the Society. Capt. and Mrs. B. H. Cunnington have recently
‘been engaged in important excavations at Figsbury (or Chlorus’s Camp),
which passed into their hands a year or two ago. ‘The result of these
42 The Seventy-first General Meeting.
diggings we hope to hear from Mrs. Cunington during the present meeting.
It is a matter for congratulation that a considerable part of Windmill
Hill, Avebury, has been purchased by so keen an archeologist as Mr.
Alexander Keiller.
Air Photography.—The importance of air photography as an assistant in
archzeological research, brought prominently forward by the discovery and
subsequent excavation by Mr. O. G. S. Crawford of the course of the
eastern branch of the Stonehenge Avenue, ending apparently on the Avon
at West Amesbury, has led to what really amounts to the beginning of a
survey by air photograpy of large tracts of the downs in Hampshire and
eastern and southern Wiltshire. In this most important work Messrs. O.
G. S. Crawford and A Keiller have been engaged this summer, and the
work already done shows the great desirability of continuing and completing
the survey over the whole of the down area.
Advisory Committees for Churches.— In last year’s report it was mentioned
that a committee for the Diocese of Salisbury had just been constituted by
the Bishop. Since that date this committee has got into full working
order, the chief part of the practical work being done by sub-committees in
each archdeaconry under the guidance of the Archdeacon, whose chief duty
it is to visit each Church concerned and examine proposals for alterations or
additions on the spot, and to report thereon to the central committee meeting
quarterly at Salisbury, which includes eminent authorities on ecclesiastical
architecture and art. The similar committee for the Bristol Diocese,
covering some eighty parishes in the north-west of the county continues to
work well. The Hon. Secretary of the Society is a member of both these
diocesan committees.
The report as a whole was adopted, the President moving as recommended
by the committee that Mr. Edward Kite be asked to accept the honorary
membership of the Society as a special mark of recognition of the great
value of his contributions for so many years to the history, the topography,
and the genealogy of the County of Wilts. Jn its earlier years the Society
had one or two honorary members, but for very many years no such ap-
pointment has been made, and Mr. Kite’s name stands alone on the list of
members.
The next point arising from the report was the recommendation of the
committee that in 1925 the annual subscription should be raised from 10s. 6d.
to 15s. 6d., the entrance fee and that for life membership to remain as at
present. ‘The Rev E. H. Goddard explained that whilst the cost of printing
had increased since the war by perhaps 75 7%, and other things had also
risen in proportion, the annual subscription remained in 1923 what it had
been in 1854, It was no longer possible to carry on the Society's work on
the original subscription. The Magazine, to a large number of members
who could never attend the annual meetings, represented the benefit of
membership, and if it was to be kept up to its former level, to say nothing
of being improved, it was essential that the Editor should not be obliged to
cut down the number of pages and to refrain from illustrating the various
papers as they ought to be illustrated, for want of the necessary income. —
The Seventy-jirst General Meeting. 43
Two suggestions were made by members present. First, that a systematic
effort might be set on foot to obtain more members, and so a larger income
might be secured without raising the present subscription, or alternatively
that a number of county societies might combine to produce one magazine,
which could then be produced much more cheaply. The first of these
suggestions was met by the consideration that there was little prospect of
enough new members to bring up the income to the required amount, whilst
the second was negatived by the fact that archeological publications of
general interest already existed in sufficient number and variety, and that
such an amalgamation would effectively defeat the very object for which
the Wiltshire J/agazine exists, the recording of Wiltshire matters and of
Wiltshire matters alone. ‘The recommendation to increase the annual
subscription to 15s. 6d. was then put to the vote and carried nem con.
The officers of the Society were then separately re-elected, as also the
members of the committee, with the addition of Mr. H. C. Brentnall as Local
Secretary for the Marlborough district.
The Rev. G. H. Engleheart next raised the question of the permission
given, as reported in the daily papers, to the “ Latter Day Druids” to bury
the ashes of their dead within the precincts of Stonehenge. He said that
as this had come to his knowledge he communicated with Mr. F. Stevens
and they had got Major Moulton, M.P. for Salisbury, to ask the following
question in the House of Commons: ‘‘ Whether permission had been given
to the Latter Day Druids, or any other body, to bury the ashes of their
members within the precincts of Stonehenge.” And that Mr. Jowett,
First Commissioner of Works, replied :“ No formal permssion has been
given, but I do not propose to raise any objection to the burial of ashes
provided there is no serious disturbance of the ground.” Mr. Engleheart
moved that an emphatic protest against the burial of any bodies or ashes
within the precincts of Stonehenge be sent to the Prime Minister, the First
Commissioner of Works, the Members of Parliament for the county, the
Society of Antiquaries, &c., &c. Mr. Stevens seconded this motion and it
was carried unanimously, and the news of the Society’s protest was broad-
casted the same night from Bournemouth. This protest was followed by
many letters to the 7%mes, and protests from other'societies, with the result
that permission to inter ashes at Stonehenge was withdrawn by the First
Commissioner. The Rev. E. H. Goddard then suggested that the meeting
might well record its opinion against the proposal recently made by Lord.
Eversley in the 7%mes that the wire fence round Stonehenge should be done
away with and a deep Ha-Ha or sunk fence made round the monument
instead. Mr. Goddard said that the present wire fence was much less
offensive to the eye than a sunk fence would be; moreover, wire could be
removed at any time, and asunk fence could not. Mr. Engleheart, however,
said that he had good reason to believe that Lord Eversley’s suggestion
would never be carried out, and the matter dropped. Mr. Goddard then
suggested the desirability of requesting the Board of Works to continue the
the work of re-erecting those stones which had fallen in living memory.
The work had been stopped for want of funds, but it was known that con-
siderable sums had been paid as gate money in the last two years which
4 The Seventy-first General Meeting.
might well be used for this purpose. Mr. Engleheart, however, explained
that the gate-money did not remain with the Board of Works, but was
swept into the Treasury. Eventually, after some discussion, the meeting
agreed to a motion urging the desirability of re-erecting such stones as
have fallen in historical times, the original positions of which are accurately
known.
This concluded the business, and the members went round the Museum
under the guidance of the Curator and Mr. F. Stevens, F.S.A., especially
admiring the fine collection of English and Continental China, which has
been so well arranged in the circular room, and the collection of birds which
has recently been entirely re-organised and in many cases re-mounted with
admirable effect. This was followed by tea, most kindly provided in the
garden between the two museums by Mr. and Mrs. Stevens. After tea the
members proceeded to the Cathedral, where, in the absence from Salisbury
of the Dean, Chancellor Wordsworth kindly took the party round the
Cathedral and up to the Cathedral Library, where he pointed out many
objects of interest not generally seen by visitors to the Cathedral. ‘he
Cloisters, the Chapter House, and the Bishop’s Palace and Gardens were
also visited under his guidance.
Though there was no formal annual dinner, many members dined at the
White Hart Hotel,which was the head-quarters of the meeting. A suggestion
made at the preceding meeting had been acted on by the Meeting Secretary,
and a list of members and their friends who had taken tickets for the
meeting was exhibited in the hall of the hotel. The total number on the
list were 148, who proposed to take some part in the proceedings, but a few
of these were prevented from attending.
At 8.15 members made their way to the Guildhall, where they were
received by the Mayor of Salisbury (Councillor R. Bracher) and other
members of the Corporation, in the large Council Chamber, where the
maces and the city plate and charters were on view, and tea was very
hospitably provided by the Mayor and Mayoress. There was a large at-
tendance of members and friends. A valuable paper was read by Chancellor
Wordsworth on the cathedral copy of Magna Charta; and following on this
Alderman C. Haskins gave a very interesting account of the gallery of
pictures of Salisbury worthies, with which the walls of the Council Chamber
are hung. In returning thanks the Hon. Secretary, in the absence of the
President, who had been obliged to leave early, ventured to point out that
there was a gap among the portraits of City worthies which he would like
to see filled—there was no portrait of Alderman Haskins himself, who had
done so much in so many ways for the city.!
TUESDAY, AUGUST 12th.
A long procession of motors set forth on the day’s excursion, from the
White Hart, at 9.30, arriving at Figsbury Rings by the private road at 10
1 Tt is pleasant to be able to record that this gap has now been filled
(March, 1925) by a portrait of Alderman Haskins, provided by subscrip-
tion in Salisbury.
}
i
|
The Seventy-first General Meeting. 45
o’clock. Here, having taken up their positions on the bank, they were
addressed by Mrs. Cunnington!on the results of the excavations lately
undertaken by Capt. Cunnington and herself. The curious ditch without
a mound in the interior of the camp was also inspected, as well as a section
through the rampart and ditch on the further side of the camp, which had
been left open specially for the meeting by the excavators. At this point
Mr. J. J. Hammond said a few words, indicating the points of interest,
especially the route taken by Charles II. in his flight after Worcester To
the majority of the members present the camp was new ground, and its fine
position much impressed the visitors. Moving on from Figsbury to Stone-
henge the party were received by Col. Hawley and conducted to his hut on
the further side of the circle, where he gave an excellent address with the
help of plans, of the excavations of the last year, and their results, notably
the discovery of two more concentric lines of holes between the present
outside sarsen circle and the line of “ Aubrey holes,” Apparently these
holes must have been intended to hold stones, but had never actually done
so. Another most important discovery made quite recently was the entrance
causeway across the ditch on the further side from the entrance, shown
in [nigo Jones’ plan, but hitherto regarded merely as a figment of his
imagination. :
From Stonehenge the party made for Amesbury Church, where the Vicar,
the Rev. E. Rhys Jones, described the building, and the old dispute,
parochial v. monastic, was once more touched on. ‘Thence up Amesbury
Street to the spacious Y.M.C.A. Hall, for lunch, and then at 2 o’clock
the cars left for the Normanton group of barrows, reached by a short walk
over the down from the road, where, having seated themselves on the top
of Bush Barrow, Mrs, Cunnington held forth on the characteristics of the
various types of barrows and of those of this group in particular, deploring
the gradual destruction of the barrows continually going on, which would
end in the disappearance of these most interesting monuments of the past.
Walking back to the road, members had no sooner safely regained the
shelter of their cars than a sudden and heavy storm of rain descended upon
them, the first time that the rain had interfered with the proceedings.
Reaching Wilton the large company had tea at the Pembroke Arms, and then
had just time to pay a hurried visit to the modern Church, to see its mosaics,
marbles, and fine old glass, before they were due to visit Wilton House.
Here the party was divided, and whilst one half was shown over the house,
the rest were taken round the grounds, perhaps the most beautiful in the
county. The Society was greatly indebted to Lord and Lady Pembroke
for throwing open the treasures of the house, as they did, to so large a
multitude. Leaving Wilton at 6 p.m., a quarter of an hour’s drive brought
them back to Salisbury. The evening meeting at the Museum was timed
for 730, and the Museum Committee most kindly provided tea. This
unfortunately rather interfered with Mr. Stevens’ address on the china,
which many members would have liked to have had more time to listen to,
| 1 Mrs, Cunnington’s address is printed in Waltshere Gazette, Aug. 14th,
1924. Her account of the excavations is printed in this number of the
Maguzine.
46 The Seventy-jirst General Meeting.
for it is a subject that he has specially made his own, but 8.30 arrived, and
a move had to be made to the newly-built and admirably-appointed “ Edward
Stevens Lecture Theatre,” on the erection of which the present Curator is
to be so warmly congratulated. Here the Rev. G. H. Engleheart, F.S.A.,
read a paper on “ Stonehenge,” illustrated by the electric lantern, to a large
audience,! upholding the theory of the sepulchral as opposed to the astro-
nomical origin and purpose of the monument.
WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 13H.
This morning was devoted to visiting places of interest in Salisbury itself,
the first to be seen being the Church House, where members assembled at
10 o’clock. Mr. J.J. Hammond here acted as guide and gave a sketch of
the history of the building. After this there was just time to accept
Archdeacon Carpenter's kind invitation to visit the North Canonry garden
—an item not on the programme—and a considerable number of members
enjoyed the sight of the fine herbaceous borders and the view of the spire
from the river at the far end of the garden, and took a hasty glance at the
13th century column of the undercroft in what is now the coal cellar of the
house. The next point on the programme was St. Thomas’s Church, where
Mr. C. Haskins described the building. Thence the party walked to the
Hall of John Halle, the fine 15th century house, which it was reported was
in danger of being sold to America for a large sum of money, and trans-
ported thither for re-erection. It is most earnestly to be hoped that means
may be found to avert this, for the destruction of this fine building would
be a grievous loss to the city. ‘lhe building was described by Mr. F.
Watson, but the party was so large that all could not find room inside the
building. At this point the only hitch in the whole of the proceedings
occurred. According to the programme St Edmund’s Church was next due
to be visited, but owing to a misunderstanding many members went to St.
Martin’s instead, and found nobody there to show them the building.
After lunch the long train of cars left the White Hart at 1.30, and on the
way to Britford what might have been a serious accident occurred, the axle
of one of the big char-a-bancs breaking, which necessitated its passengers
being turned out to walk some half-a-mile to the Church, where the chief
points of interest, the Saxon arches, &c., were pointed out by the Rev. E.
H. Goddard and the Vicar, the Rev. I’. J. Woodall. A little time was lost
here before a fresh char-a-banc could be got from Salisbury to replace the
broken-down conveyance. Moreover a slight detour had to be made be-
eause of the blocking of the road, but Downton Church was reached not
much behind the scheduled time, and was described by the Vicar from
notes on the architecture by the Rev. A. D. Hill, formerly Vicar. Walking
from the Church to the Moot Gardens the party was met by the owner, Mr.
Newall Squarey, who conducted them over the earthworks with the curious
terraced banks, often described as a Saxon “ Moot” place, but more probably
perhaps a garden conceit of Klizabethan times. The Moot house itself was
This paper is printed in tullin Wiltshire Gazette, Aug. 14th, 1924, and
a portion of it again, with illustrative diagrams, in the issue of Sept. 11th.
The Seventy-first General Meeting. 47
unhappily entirely gutted in the late disastrous fire in which the lives of
two of the servants were lost.
The last place to be visited was Longford Castle, where Lord and Lady
Radnor received the party with the greatest kindness, entertained them at
tea in the hall, and threw open the whole house and its treasures to their
inspection. Mr. Frank Stevens acted as guide to the house he knows so
well, and conducted the main party round it, but everyone was at liberty to
see what he liked as he would, and everyone was most thoughtfully provided
with a catalogue of the pictures. Before leaving at 3.50 the Hon. Secretary
thanked Lord and Lady Radnor most heartily for their hospitality, and so
the programme of the meeting ended, and members got back to Salisbury
at the scheduled time, 5.45, to catch the last trains home. It was certainly
one of the most successful, as it was the largest attended, meeting held by
the Society for many years past. The arrangements in Capt. Cunnington’s
hands went of course without a hitch, time was kept in spite of unforeseen
difficulties, everyone professed themselves as highly pleased with the_pro-
ceedings, and last, but not least, of the elements which go to make a meeting
a success, a balance of something over £30 remained to be carried to the
General Fund of the Society—a very real help in time of need.
48
FIGSBURY RINGS, AN ACCOUNT OF EXCAVATIONS
IN 19244
By Mrs. M. E. CUNNINGTON.
Figsbury Rings, in the parish of Winterbourne Dauntsey, encloses within
its roughly circular entrenchment an area of about 15 acres.
It stands in a conspicuous position on a promontory of the chalk downs
nearly 500ft. above sea level. The area is level except on the western side,
where the entrenchment is carried down below the crest of the hill.
Reference to the plan will show that the earthwork consists of a rampart
with outer ditch, and a wide inner ditch some distance within, and roughly
parallel to the rampart, but without any corresponding bank of its own.
There are two original entrances through the entrenchment, and corres-
ponding causeways across the inner ditch, one on the eastern, the other on
the western side. Outside the eastern entrance there are traces of a bank
and ditch that once formed a horn-work, or outer defence. There is now a
wide gap in the rampart with causeway across the outer ditch on the southern
side, but these are obviously not original features. Stukeley in 1723 does
not show this gap (ten. Cur., p. 137, Pl. 41), but Hoare in 1810 does (An.
Wilts, I., pp. 217—8), so apparently it was made between these years.
The purpose for which the inner ditch was made has given rise to much
speculation. It has been suggested that Figsbury was a sacred circle
somewhat on the lines of Avebury ; that it was a place set apart for games
and chariot racing; that it was a oman amphitheatre; that it was an
unfinished work; Stukeley suggested that it was enlarged by Constantius
Chlorus, who moved the vailum from the inner to the outer ditch.?
[The Society is indebted to the generosity of Capt. and Mrs. Cunnington
for the whole of the blocks of the accompanying illustrations. Ep.]
1 The work was done under the personal supervision of Capt. and Mrs.
B. H. Cunnington in June— July, 1924, six men being employed for the
whole time.
2 Stukeley suggested the name “Chloridunum,” consequently it has
sometimes been called Chlorus’ Camp! Stukeley seems to have argued
that Clarendon (a mile or so from Figsbury) once spelt Chlorendon, must
be connected with Chlorus, and Figsbury being the nearest ‘“ Roman Camp,”
and near the Roman road, must have been Chlorus’ camp. Stukeley seems
to have borrowed this idea from Bishop Kennett’s Parochial Antiqutties, -
published 1695, where on p. 687 he states, “a good Governor he (Constan-
tius) was, and was comeas forwards upon the Downs as far as new Sarum ;
where upon the side of the Downs he built a fortification, the Rampers
whereof still appear very apparently and is called Chloren after the name
that the Britains gave him, by reason of his long train carried up after him ;
it standeth in Wiltshire upon the North corner of Chlorendon Park, now
called Clarindon, which taketh his name thereof.” In Aubrey’s (died 1697)
Mon. Brit., it is called Frippsbury, and the same in Gibson’s “ Camden,”
Figsbury Rings. An Account of Excavationsin 1924. 49
There can, however, be no doubt that the earthwork was designed
primarily for defence. It is, on the other hand quite clear from the character
of the inner ditch as revealed by excavation, apart from its indefensible
position, that this ditch was never intended for defence.
Excavation at five different points showed it to be of quite different
character from the outer one. It was very irregularly cut, with a wide flat
bottom, whereas the outer ditch was well cut and almost V-shaped. Humps
or promontories of unexcavated chalk were left in the inner ditch, sometimes
on one side, sometimes on the other, forming occasionally what were
tantamount to bridges across it. By means of these irregularities it must
always have been easy to get in or out of the ditch almost anywhere on
either side. Moreover, for a length of 60ft. (d on plan) the ditch had never
been completely dug out. We believe, as suggested by Hoare (An. Wilts,
I., p. 218), that the ditch was simply a quarry from which the material
came to strengthen the rampart. By thus quarrying at an equi-distance all
round the rampart, instead of at one spot, the distance over which the
material had to be carried was reduced to a minimum.
There can be no doubt that the chalk taken from the inner ditch does now
actually form by far the greater part of the rampart ; the chalk that came
from the outer ditch, z.e., an equal bulk, having gone back in to it.. The
quarry ditch is still comparatively empty, having had no bank to wear down
and so to fill it up.
Great labour must have been expended in making Figsbury strong, but
it never seems to have been occupied for any length of time. In the trenches
cut across the interior very little evidence of habitation was found. Onthe
plateau, ¢.e., the area within the quarry ditch, only eight pieces of pottery
were found ; the circular “ pot-boiling” or cooking holes, if such they were,
found there also suggest a temporary rather than a permanent occupation.
Evidence of habitation under the shelter of the S.W. rampart and on the
floor of the quarry ditch also points to such habitation having been of a
temporary nature. It consisted only of a few fire sites and a small quantity
of broken pottery and animal bones.
In the excavations as a whole only about one hundred pieces of pottery
were found, and only three pieces of broken mealing stones; not a single
storage or rubbish pit such as usually abound on prehistoric sites, not a
single worked bone, spindle whorl, loom weight, no object of bronze or of
iron, and not even a hammerstone.
This absence of objects of domestic use, as well as the scarcity of broken
pottery, shows that the site cannot have been regularly inhabited. It seems
probable that the place belonged to some tribe or community that lived
near by, and that the people came in here for refuge with their animals in
1695, p. 108. Hoare, An. Wilts, I., p. 217, by an error of transcription 2
says both these writers called it Fripsbury, and in his copy of Aubrey he
spells it thus (see Wilts MS. in Devizes Museum Library). In Gough’s
Camden, vol. I., Index, 1806, it is called Figbury, and Aubrey’s plan that
does not show the inner causeways is re-produced. On Andrew and Dury’s
Map of Wiltshire, 1773, it is called “Clorus’s Camp or Figbury Ring.”
VOL. XLUI,—NO. CXLII. E
50 Figsbury Rings. An Account of Excavations in 1924,
time of danger. As an alternative it might be suggested that the entrench-
ment was merely a place of safety in which to pen the flocks and herds, and
that the relics of human habitation are those of the herdsmen who came
with them. The great strength of the entrenchment, however, and the fact
that it was thought necessary to add to it on two separate occasions, as
well as its exposed position, makes this less probable.
Water Supply. In the absence of wells or ponds the nearest water in
prehistoric times, as it is to-day, would have been the river Bourne, in the
valley about half-a-mile distant.
Comparison with other works. Figsbury has been compared with the
three Nosterfield circles, and two on Hutton Moor, all in the neighbourhood
of Ripon, in Yorkshire, of a superficially similar plan, but it appears that
the resemblance is probably misleading, and they may have little or nothing
in common.
THe Date or FIGspury.
Five fragments of Bronze Age pottery were found, but this can scarcely
be considered to afford evidence that even the earliest part of the earthwork
dates from that period ; the fact that very few worked or flaked flints were
found does not add to the probability.
Seanty though it is, the only decided evidence of habitation is that by
a people in the Early Iron Age who used pottery of the All Cannings Cross
type. These seem to have squatted, temporarily at least, on the open floor
of the inner ditch, and under the shelter of the S.W. rampart, before the
second, or last, addition, was made to it.
In the absence of evidence of a later occupation, it is probable that these
are the people who made both additions to the rampart, and the quarry ditch.
As to who made the first bank and its corresponding ditch there is no direct
evidence available. It is probable that when the additions to the rampart
were made that the outer ditch was cleaned out, if not deepened. There
can be no doubt that whoever made the outer ditch as zt 7s now, also cut
out the deeper part of the quarry ditch at “d” (see p. 55). Both the shape
of the cutting at “d” and the character of the work are identical with that
of the outer ditch. It is probable on the whole that the original bank as
well as the two additions fall within the same period, and were the work
of the same people in successive years.
The site does not seem to have been inhabited in Romano-British times,
only one piece of pottery of this period being found, and that just under
the turf in the quarry ditch.
A bronze leaf-shaped sword, said to have been dug up in Figsbury in —
1704, is now in the Ashmolean Museum (W.A.M,, vol. 37. pp. 100, 129).
This type of sword is regarded as of late Bronze Age date, and a “ not very
remote ancestor of the Hallstatt iron type” (Brit. Museum Guide, Bronze,
1920, p. 31). . As Bronze Age types are known to have survived into the
Early Iron Age, for example the bronze razor and socketed celt found at
All Cannings Cross, it seems quite possible that this sword was contemporary _
‘with the pottery of All Cannings Cross type found in Figsbury.
|
|
|
|
By Mrs. M, EL. Cunnington. 51
THE POTTERY.
With the exception of one piece of Romano-British, one of a bead rim
bowl, and five of Bronze Age type, all the fragments of pottery found were
such as occurred at the Early Iron Age site at All Cannings Cross. Con-
sidering the small number found it was fortunate that so many pieces
belonged to the distinctive type of red-coated bowls.
Only sixty pieces of pottery were found in the inner ditch, thirty-five at
the edge of the S W. rampart, including the burnt layer under the bank,
and only eight on the plateau.'
ANIMAL REMAINS.
No animal bones were found on the plateau, but a few were found along
the side of the S.W. rampart, and a few in the inner ditch, more especially
at “b” They were for the most part very fragmentary and included those
of sheep, oxen (three horn cores of the Bos longzfrons), pig, pony (jaws and
hoof, and dog (parts of two jaws). Of the red deer only one piece of an
antler was found, and that was on the plateau in Ex. D.
Human REMAINS.
The broken and scattered condition in which the human remains were
found is remarkable. With the exception of fragments of a skull anda
collar bone found about a foot deep in accumulated soil at the edge of the
S.W. rampart, they were all found scattered promiscuously with animal
bones, etc., in a layer of rubble mixed with soil on the floor of the inner
ditch. ‘They were for the most part found broken, but some of the scattered
pieces have been fitted together; teeth from the jaws were also scattered.
At “6” there were two separate pieces of a lower, and one of an upper
jaw, an ulna, and a radius, both incomplete, and two other fragments of
limb bones. At “a” two pieces of limb bones. At “f” parts of three lower
jaws, several loose teeth, in one instance thirteen were found lying close
together, part of an ulna, a radius, a humerus, and another limb bone; it
has been possible to restore one of the jaws to a fairly complete condition,
1 Tt is interesting that while pieces were found of several red-coated
cordoned bowls with ornament characteristically incised after baking (of
Ail Cannings Cross type, Pl. 28, figs. 3—4), no fragment was found of the
furrowed bowls (PI. 28, fig. 1), a type much more common at All Cannings
than the cordoned. In the Early Iron Age pits on Fifield Bavant Down
described by Dr. Clay (W.A.M., xlii., 457), Pl. vi., fig. 5) a bowl of the
cordoned type was found but none of the furrowed. From the character of
the pottery as a whole the pits at Fifield are thought to be rather later
than the site at All Cannings. It appears probable, therefore, that the
_ cordoned bowl as a type is rather later than the furrowed bowl. Another
| point, not without significance is that the bowls from All Cannings have
actual raised ribs at the angles, while the vessel from Fifield is without
| them. Some of the pieces from Figsbury have raised ribs, others are
_ without them. It appears, therefore, that as time went on the type deteri-
_orated, and the bowls were made without raised ribs. Pottery with finger
_ tip ornament was not found at Fifield or at Figsbury.
Hie
52, Figsbury Rings. An Account of Excavations in 1924.
REPORT oN HumMAN REMAINS FROM FicsBuRY RINGs, BY SIR
ARTHUR KEITH.
(1), A lower jaw marked D. f.! of a man probably 40—80 years of age.
All the teeth are sound and apparently all had been in place at the time of
death. The chin is not prominent—not shelf-like. When placed base
down on the table the point of the chin projects only 7mm. in front of the
recess below the incisor teeth. The symphysis is only 31mm. in depth.
I mention these facts because they seem to be characteristic of the pre-
Roman people—a knob-like chin, not prominent, and not deep. ‘The
bigonial width was 101mm., the bicondylar 120.
To this lower jaw may belong the shaft of the right humerus marked
D. f. If this is so, then the man (No. 1) was about 5ft. 8in. in height,
and fairly strongly built.
(2) Much splintered lower jaw, D f. 1, the bone having been broken at,
or not long after death. The chin is missing. As in D. f. the enamel has:
been worn off considerable areas of the chewing surface of the first and
second molar teeth, more so in D. f. 1 than in D.f. This jaw is part of a.
man aged about 50. There is a most remarkable display of caries, which
has attacked the outer (buccal) surface of the last or third molar, the disease
has progressed further on the left molar than in the right. The disease has
also attacked the buccal aspect of the neck of the second molar, the left.
tooth suffering more than the right. Pyorrhcea has been rampant in this
man, the roots of the teeth being exposed in consequence of the absorption
of their sockets. Probably this man had still all his teeth—diseased as
they were—at the time of death.
(3) Imperfect lower jaw of a woman, D. f. 2, probably aged, and of slight
and small make. In her the wisdom or third molar teeth are absent—never
been developed. This seems to have been frequently the case among
English women of the Roman and pre-Roman periods. Her lower jaw at.
the chin is shallow (depth 29mm.) ; the chin is knob-like and not prominent.
Before death she had lost one of her molar teeth from disease, and was about
to lose another. The molar teeth were deeply worn.
Vhe fragment of the left humerus (marked D. d.) and a fragment of the
left tibia also belonged to a woman of small size.
(4) D.b. Left half of upper jaw and two parts of lower jaw of a woman.
The characters of the jaw are very similar to those of No. 3 (D. f. 2). She
has wisdom teeth and had lost only one molar (first left). Aged 60 ?
(5) E. R. Imperfect frontal bone of young man (?): metofsic suture
has persisted. Forehead wide—minimum width 103mm.
(6) Set of teeth of a child aged about 10; not a trace of caries in them,
(7) Left clavicle (marked E. R.) of a youth of about 12 years. There is
also a piece of ulna which may belong to the same individual.
(8) Shaft of right femur of a child about 10—12 years. May be same
as No. 6. With this femur shaft of left radius and perhaps part of a left.
ulna, all marked D. f. 1.
(9) (D.a.) Upper part of might femur of a man.
1 The letters refer to the section of the inner ditch in which the bones
were found.
By Mrs. M. E. Cunnington. D3
(10) (D.a,.) Upper part of right femur of a man about 5ft.6in. The
femora No. 8, 9, 10 show a flattening (platymeria) on their upper third,
particularly No. 10, in which the front-to-back diameter is only 59 % of the
side-to-side diameter. ‘This flattening is commoner among pre-lKoman
British than amongst post Roman.
(11) (D. f.) Shaft of right humerus of a man about 5ft 8in. ?if goes
with No. 1.
(12) D. d. Left humerus of a small slender woman—may well be No.
3 or No. 4. Piece of tibia goes with it.
(13) D. 6. Proximal 2 of ulna of strong man. Proximal 3 of radius of
same individual. Piece of lower end of fibula: may be of No. 18 individual.
WorKED FLINTS OF LATE TYPE FOUND IN THE DITCH.
An interesting find was that of some two hundred worked flints scattered
over a space of some 4ft. to 5ft. in diameter in a layer of soil and rubble on
the floor of the inner ditch at “‘e.” Their condition is fresh and sharp, and
they appear to have been worked on the spot ; two or three large unbroken
flints found may represent the raw material intended for working into
implements. About half the number of broken flints belong to a type that
has been found on a few sites in the neighbourhood, and that has been
illustrated and described by Heywood Sumner in “ The Ancient Harthworks
of the New Forest,” p. 85—6, Pl. xxiv. a. The discovery of these flints
“in situ” in a ditch that dates in the Early Iron Age is interesting, because
this type of worked flints had already been regarded as of late date (as
compared with other flint implements) on account of the surroundings in
which they had been found elsewhere. In the same layer with these flints
was found a single fragment of the rim of a wheel-turned bead rim bowl,
that dates probably in the lst century A.D., or only slightly earlier.
This was the only fragment of this type of bowl found. ‘This part of the
ditch had been much disturbed and was infested by rabbits, indeed the
cutting was not carried so far as had been intended on this account.
PLAN SHOWING PoSsITION AND EXTENT oF THE EXCAVATIONS.
Trenches on the plateau (z.e., the area within the inner ditch) and berm
(1.e., the area between the rampart and inner ditch) were cut down to the
undisturbed chalk ; there is very little soil on this exposed hill top, and,
Owing to recent cultivation, hardly any turf; along the inner edge of the
rampart the soil is a little thicker than elsewhere. At F.H. (1.e., fire hole)
numbers 1 to 6, circular holes were found full of charcoal and burnt flints,
varying in size from lft. in diameter and depth, to 13ft. in diameter and
24ft. deep ; the walls of the holes were not discoloured by fire, and in view
of this and the number of burnt flints or “pot boilers,” in and around
them, it is suggested that they were temporary cooking places. The method
of cocking by means of pot boilers is well known as having been practised
by primitive peoples in modern times, as well as by prehistoric people. A
description of the various ways of cooking by this means, with references
and general information on the subject, will be found in a paper by T. C.
Cantrill in Archzologia Cambrensis, July, 1911, p. 253. He thus describes
the process of boiling as practised by some North American Indians. A
54 Figsbury Rings. An Account of Excavations in 1924.
hole is dug in the ground about the size of a common pot, a piece of raw
hide is pressed down with the hands close around the sides, and filled with
water. The meat is then put into this “pot” and stones heated in a neigh-
bouring fire are successively dropped or held in the water until the meat is
done. It seems that meat can be cooked with similar apparatus without
the addition of water by packing with hot stones and covering ; in fact
treating the hole as an oven instead of a boiler.' Similar cooking holes
are found in hut circles on Dartmoor. (Trans. Devon Ass., 1896, vol. xxviil.,
Buledide)
; In F.H.1. a small piece of slag was found; in F.H.2a fragment of a bowl
of All Cannings Cross type, and several small pieces of burnt clay ; in F.H.
5a piece of the rim of a hematite coated bow] of All Cannings Cross type ;
in F.H. 6 a fragment of indefinite dark pottery and a small piece of bone,
not burnt. It appears therefore that these holes are not earlier than the
period of All Cannings Cross pottery.
It will be seen that holes 2, 3, 2a, 3a, form approximately a rectangle ;
this gave rise to a suggestion that these might be post holes of a hut; but
this is improbable on account of their contents of charcoal and burnt flints,
and the fact that other holes similar in every respect were found singly.
A.—An irregular hole, 7ft. long, 3ft. wide at one end, 2ft at the other,
2ft. to 3ft. deep, with sloping sides ; below the general level of the floor a
hole 9 inches deep, 14ft. in diameter. Among the rubble filling in was a
piece of the base of a Bronze Age “ beaker,” and a small sherd of red-coated
ware of All Cannings Cross type.
B.—A large irregular hole, 8ft. by 7ft., 23ft. deep. Among the chalky
filling in there was a little charcoal, two pieces of sarsen stone, and a piece
of rather coarse sandy pottery of a kind common at All Cannings.
C.—An irregular hole some 7ft. by 6ft., 23ft. deep. Chalky rubble filling.
D.—An irregularly shaped hole or pit, 6ft. by 43ft., 23ft. deep; on the
west sidethere was a semi-circular enlargement, 2ft. in diameter, full of char-
coal and burnt flints, with sides discoloured by fire. At the bottom of this
very roughly made pit-dwelling were found a small fragment of a mealing
stone, a piece of deer horn (the only piece found in the whole camp), and a
piece of red pottery with impressed lines, of All Cannings Cross type.
E.—A roughly circular hollow about 16ft. deep, full of burnt flints ;
among them was a piece of a sarsen mealing stone, and part of a base of a
pot of sandy ware of a kind common at All Cannings Cross.
F.—An irregular hole some 8ft. by 5ft., and 2ft. deep.
G.—A basin-shaped hole, 24ft. by 12ft. and 13ft. deep, containing burnt.
flints but no charcoal; perhaps this was a cooking place like salou described
under F.H. above.
H.—An irregular hole 6ft. by 23ft., and from 2ft. to 3ft. deep ; a piece of
a
1 Reference may also be made to an address by Miss Layard to the Pre-
historic Society of East Anglia, on June 10th, 1922. It appears that the
pot boiler method of heating water was in use in the Highlands until about
the beginning of the 19th century; see A Hundred Years in the oa
p. 15, by Osgood H. Mackenzie.
|
|
By Mrs. M. £. Cunnington, 55
ornamented pottery that may be of Bronze Age date was found near the
bottom. |
I—An irregular hole some 4ft. in diameter, 23ft. deep, containing among
the rubble filling-in many burnt flints and a small sherd of Bronze Age
pottery.
These holes, A to I, were all filled with chalky rubble mixed with a little
brown surface soil. The absence of dark soil or humus, such as is usually
found on sites that were inhabited for any length of time, was very notice-
able. The scarcity of remains will be appreciated when it is said that all
the objects found are notified above ; no animal bones, except a small frag-
ment in F.H. 6, were found either in the holes or in the surface trenches in
the plateau area.
EXCAVATIONS IN THE INNER OR QUARRY DITCH.
a.—(See plan). A space, 14ft. by 10ft., was cleared out here. Original
depth of ditch 10ft., depth of filling at centre 43ft. Only a few pieces of
coarse pottery was found in the rubble.
b.—A space, 30ft. long by 13ft. wide, was cleared here. The floor of the
ditch was level, from 10ft. to 12ft. wide; original depth 9ft.; depth of
filling 23ft. ; width from bank to bank 44ft. A number of burnt flints,
fragments of pottery, and broken animal and human bones were found
strewn in a layer of earthy rubble on the floor of the ditch. On the same
level close under the inner wall, extending along it for about 8ft., was a
fire site consisting of charcoal and quantities of burnt flints.
c.—A cutting, 37ft. long by 13ft. wide, Original depth of ditch loft. ;
silt 3ft. On the level floor were found a few animal bones, many burnt
flints, and fragments of pottery, including pieces of at least two red-coated
cordoned bowls, and part of the base of a Bronze Age beaker.
Fic. I.—Section across inner ditch at “d” on Plan
a—b. Original surface level.
ce. Rubbly filling in.
d. Pure chalk filling in.
e—f. Undisturbed chalk; the dotted line shows an
average section of ditch as completely excavated.
d—Fig.1. Length of cutting 60ft. In this cutting the floor was reached
at 54ft. from the surface level, except along the outer or berm side, where
_in a comparatively narrow, almost V-shaped trench, the ditch had been dug
down to about its normal depth, 113ft. That part of the ditch dug only to
96 Fiysbury Rings. An Account of Excavations in 1924.
a depth of 52ft. runs up into and ends at one of the buttresses, or promon-
tories, described before (p. 49) as having been left unexcavated in the ditch
at unequal intervals. It seems that the ditch was at first dug to a depth
of about 5ft. all over, then deepened as more material was required for
building the rampart, and that this section of the ditch was left only partly
cleared out.
The deeper or trench-like part of the ditch seems to have been intention-
ally filled in. Being comparatively narrow and steep-sided it was likely to
prove dangerous to cattle, and possibly for this reason was filled in up to
the 53ft. level. In re-excavating, it seemed at first that the bottom had
been reached all over at the 54ft. level, the hard compacted chalk in the
trench appearing so much like the undisturbed floor, and quite distinct
from the silt and rubble of the upper filling in. Pottery of All Cannings
type was found on the 53ft. level and at the bottom of the trench.
e.—A cutting 15ft. square. Original depth 123ft., width 54ft., silting
3ft. deep in centre. For worked flints and fragments of bead rim pottery
found here see page 53.
f.—Cutting 48ft. by 124ft. Original depth 94ft., width 46ft. In a layer
of earthy rubble on the floor were found a few animal bones and pieces of
pottery including fragments of red-coated bowls of All Cannings Cross
type, and the piece of a rim of a Bronze Age urn of the over hanging, or
moulded rim, type.
d. 1.—A narrow cutting was made across the ditch at this point to test
whether it was normal, or only partially dug out as at d. It proved to be
normal with the usual wide flat bottom.
RAMPART SECTIONS.
Three cuttings were made through the rampart in each of which two old
turf lines were found, representing, it is believed, additions at two different
times.
The original bank as shown by turf line No. 1 (Fig. II.) was a compara-
tively small affair, and had become thickly clad with turf before the first
addition was made. This in its turn seems to have become or to have been
covered with turf when the second addition was made.
ridytaty
rit
ee ee NS
peLotatstatst ats tsi siutss
© 246 8 50 32 1416 18 2022 24
Fic. I1.—Section ‘across rampart at “cutting 3” on Plan, showing turf
lines within the bank ; and section of outer ditch as excavated.
By Mrs, M. E. Cunnington. 57
In the material of the first addition there were dark streaks that looked
like thin lines of turf running out through the bank from the regular turf
line. The meaning of these streaks of turf in the body of the rampart was
not at first clear, but as similar ones were found in all the rampart sections
it is thought that they probably indicate layers of turf laid during the con-
struction of the bank to give it stability and to prevent it slipping.
The first bank was composed of finer and more compacted chalk than that
of the additions, both of these latter being toa great extent built up of
large lumps of chalk with occasional large flints.
THe Outer DItcH.
It was proposed to clear at least 20ft. of this ditch but as it proved un-
expectedly large and deep only 8ft. were cleared to the bottom. An
indefinite piece of pottery was found at a depth of 5ft. in the silt, and two
more with snail shells practically at the bottom (Fig. II).
Cuttines aT INNER EDGE oF S.W. RAMPART.
The berm trench showed a thickening of soil with a few fragments of
bone and pottery close to the bank, so a cutting was made as shown,
parallel with the bank. At the spot shown traces of fire with charcoal and
numerous burnt flints were found at the foot of the rampart extending
along it for 10ft., and spreading back under it. It was clear that there had
been a big fire here at two successive times, one before and one after the
first addition to the rampart.
The lower layer under the rampart ‘was on the ground level, but the
upper one was on the slope of the bank, having been made after the
first addition to the rampart. Distinctive sherds of red-coated bowls of
All Cannings type were found in both layers.
Beyond this first fire site for 14ft. there was no sign of burning, and then
the firing began again and extended for a length of 27ft., parallel with the
bank and spreading back under it as in the first patch, but only on the
ground level. Trenching along the edge of the bank for a length of 122ft.
south of this showed no further signs of burning. The signs of burning
ended abruptly at the old plough line at the foot of the bank, so it is
probable that further out they have been destroyed by cultivation. A
barn or some such building seems once to have stood at this spot, fora few
feet out from the foot of the rampart a line of squared malm stones (Green-
sand rock) were found with pieces of modern bricks and mortar.
Tur CAUSEWAYS.
The turf was taken off the northern half of the western inner causeway
in search for post holes; and for a length of 30ft., 4ft. wide, along the
inner and outer edges of the quarry ditch, but none were found. From
appearances outside the western entrance it seemed not improbable that a
sunken way led through the rampart as at Casterly Camp (W.A.U.,
XXXviil., 69) ; a trench cut between the two ends of the outer ditch proved,
however, that there is a solid causeway of undisturbed chalk. The nature
of the defence of this entrance remains therefore unknown.
58 Figsbury Rings, An Account of Excavations in 1924.
The pottery, human bones, flints, etc., found in the excavations have
been placed in the Society’s Museum at Devizes.
We are indebted to Sir Arthur Keith, M.D., F.R.S., for kindly examining
and reporting upon the human remains, and to Mr. C. W. Pugh for
drawing the plan and sections, and assistance during the course of the
excavations.
i
roe materranyp Darr |
Aa aut Minnie
ANC nL
Ficspury Camp. Pxian—Showing position and extent of the Excavations. Squares equal 50ft.
To face p. 58, Vol. xliii.
59
AN INHABITED SITE OF LA TENE I. DATE,
ON SWALLOWCLIFFE DOWN.
By R. C. C. Cray, M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P., F.S.A., F.R.A.I.
The “British Village,” marked on the maps as situated on Swallowcliffe
Down, 8. Wilts, lies for the most part in the south-west corner of the parish
of Swallowcliffe, but its western fringe is in Ansty.
This rise in the downs, 730ft. above sea level, commands the view to
Westbury on the north, White Sheet Hill on the west, Chiselbury on the east,
and to the Cranborne Chase Ridge on thesouth. It is defended on the north,
north-west, and north-east by the steep escarpment of the downs, and on the
south-west, south, and south-east by a semicircular ditch. The Ridgeway
cuts through this ditch on the south and separates a semicircular “ amphi-
theatre” from the village proper. Although the scarcity of weapons in the
Early Iron Age settlements has Jed some authorities to conclude that life
in that period was one of peaceful commerce and agriculture, yet the fact
that most of the prehistoric camps that have been excavated have proved
to have been either constructed or strengthened in those times suggests
that this site may have been chosen for its strategic importance.
The lynchets of chess-board type that adjoin the village on the north and
north-west indicate the position of its cultivated fields. From a distance,
when the sun is low, an old road can be seen running diagonally down the
slope from the northern end of the village to cross the modern road to Ansty
near the foot of the hill.
To the south beyond the “amphitheatre” is a steep sided valley or
coombe. At the head of this there are signs of adam and catchment pond,
probably the water supply of the village, for we know that in those days
the water in the springs stood many feet higher than it does now.
This portion of the downs has never been ploughed, and there were
obvious indications on the surface that here was once an inhabited site.
The ground was uneven and full of small irregularities, and in places
hollows one foot in depth showed where some of the pits Jay. These de-
pressions were riddled with rabbit holes, a sure sign of “ moved” soil. The
earth from their scrapes was black and contained many calcined flints and
fragments of sandstones and a few small shards of pottery.
We commenced our excavations by running some narrow trenches down
to the undisturbed chalk subsoil in the angle made by the fence. ‘The
depth to the “hard” varied from 12 to 15 inches. Many burnt flints and
_ here and there a small badly preserved fragment of pottery were all that we
found. Later on, when we trenched in many parts of the site, we had no
_ better luck. Nothing of interest was discovered outside any of the pits
| with the exception of an ornamented button of antler lying just beneath
the turf between Pits 56 and 58. So shallow was the soil that possibly
objects of bone, iron, and pottery had perished. At the contemporary
60 An Inhabited Site of La Tene I. Date on Swallowcliffe Down,
village site at Fifield Bavant (W.A.J/, vol. xlii., pp. 457—496) there was
the same absence of “finds ” between the dwellings. By means of sounding
with a heavy rammer we were able to locate all those places where the
subsoil had been moved. It was not so much the hollowness of the sound
that gave the clue to these holes as the vibration imparted to the surface
of the ground directly over them. This was felt in the feet of persons
standing near the sounder, and it was a simple matter for them to determine
which foot was over a pit and which was outside. Very windy days and
days when the turf was water-logged were not good for sounding. Often
one of us working at the bottom of a pit some yards away could appreciate
the difference in the quality of the sounds quite readily even when the
sounder himself was in doubt. A rabbit hole under the turf will often
deceive the inexperienced. It is possible to make a fairly accurate guess
as to the depth of moved soil below one, for the sound reflected off the
walls of a deep pit appears to rebound from the floor at a considerable
distance. By this means we located and excavated 93 pits, a post hole,
several cooking places, and a few cases of moved soil of an indefinite nature.
The map of the site (Plate I.) shows that there was no apparent planning
or regular lay-out of the position of the pits. They are scattered about in
an irregular manner, sometimes in small clusters, and at other times widely
separated. ‘There are no obvious streets or pathways between them: but
the absence of any pits on a strip 20ft. wide running between Nos. 74 and
72, 55 and 73, 48 and 64, 35 and 59 in a north-easterly direction, suggests
that there might have been a roadway through the middle of the village.
If there was such a track, it was never a “made” one, for when trenching
we found no flints or other stones there in greater quantities than usual.
Kach man must have made his own pit or pits wherever he chose and
according to his own plan, for no two pits were exactly alike in dimensions
or shape. ‘The commonest type was circular in transverse section and
slightly bee-hived—that is to say, the walls were undercut so that the
diameter of the floor was greater than that of the top. Of the 93 pits, 72
were circular in cross section, 8 were oval, 5 egg-shaped, 4 in the shape of a
waisted oval, whilst four were so irregular that their shape could not be
specified. Some had steps cut into the walls and a few had a long ramp or
slope leading into the pit half-way up the side. In other cases ladders of
some form must have been used for ingressand egress. Although we found
no examples, a well-made ladder was discovered at Glastonbury. A tribe
of Indians called Guajiros at Maracaibo, in Venezuela, live in pile dwell-
ings. ‘They get into their huts by climbing an upright pole by means of
notches cut into the sides (dllustrated Travels, vol. li., pp. 19—21). Flat
bottomed recesses and long seats or ledges were cut into the walls of some
pits. The floors were usually flat and corresponded to the slope of the
chalk strata. At times they were basin-shaped or sloped to one corner,
possibly for drainage purposes. ‘The presence of a vein of flint was
occasionally taken advantage of to form the bottom of a recess or ledge or
of the pit itself. The projecting points of flint in the wall were often very
cleverly cut off. Although, on the whole, the walls were not very smooth,
yet they had never been lined with clay or daub, but showed the discoloura-
tion due to exposure to the air. No engravings were found on them.
By k. C. C. Clay. 61
There were three examples of twin pits—87 and 88, 38 and 86, 58 and 59.,
These communicated through an opening in the intervening wall of chalk
to form a figure of eight. Pits 16, 17, and 18 were united like the leaf of
shamrock.
Fragments of daub showing the marks of wattle were found in eleven pits.
It was in a friable condition and had not been subjected to much heat.
There is no evidence that any of the roofs, with the exception of that of No.
74, were ever burnt down. One lump of daub containing the charred
sticks of wattle 2m satu was found. This charcoal has been identified by
Mr. A. H. Lyell, F.S.A., as hazel. Although we cannot from these scanty
remains determine the actual structure of the pit coverings, yet we can, [
think, assume that they were similar to those at the neighbouring and con-
temporary village at Fifield Bavant (W.A.JZ,, vol. xlii., pp. 459—460, Plate
ia):
There is no doubt that all the pits had been filled up by the action of
silting.
The site was not occupied continuously. The first inhabitants probably
left en masse for some reason unknown, and took most of their possessions
with them. There was then a break of perhaps ten years, during which
time the pits silted up for three to five feet. This is clearly shown by an
almost constant layer of more or less “sterile” chalk silt. Above this we
found a black stratum of an average thickness of 18 inches, containing
shards of pottery, many animal bones, and various tools. On top of this
there was usually an earthy layer containing many calcined flints. The
second inhabitants made use of the depressions caused by the incompletely
silted up pits, possibly because the soil had good drainage.
The presence of so much charcoal and innumerable pot-boilers in the top
layers of the pits indicates that fires were made in or around them. On
the other hand, several separate cooking places were discovered, and the
large built-up hearth in the centre of Pit 22, covered and surrounded by
many cartloads of wood ashes, shows that this place was a communal
_ kitchen.
The smelting of iron’ was carried out on the site. Many lumps of slag
and one “bleom” were found. ‘The presence of fragments of ferruginous
_ Lower Greensand indicate the source of the raw material.
| A few pieces of bronze slag were found.
Pottery was also made on the spot, for we have been able to reconstruct
_a “waster” and several fragments of intensely heated clay, showing large
{
_ round holes, possibly part of a kiln, were found in one pit together.
Some pits were evidently used for storage purposes. They were deep,
| often 8ft., and, except for very many animal bones, contained little else be-
_ sides white chalk rubble in their lower halves. Possessing dome or cone-
_ shaped roofs to their pits, the people would have had no need to dig deeper
| than 5ft. or 6ft. to make their dwellings. But it was an economy of labour
to make their stores deeper than this, because only one roof was required.
| Pits that appeared to have been dwellings were about 6ft. deep, and
possessed seats and recesses cut into their sides, and the filling was much
| blacker and contained more pottery and tools, while the floor was usually
62 An Inhabited Site of La Tene I. Date on Swalloweliffe Down.
covered by a layer of “dirt.” We found that even without crouching on
our haunches, as we suppose these villagers did, four of us could have our
lunch with comfort in these pits.
Four fragments of human skull and part of a humerus were found in the
top soil of the pits.
The burial places and rubbish heaps of these people have not yet been
located.
At Park Brow, Mr. Garnet R. Wolseley found “five large excavated
areas about 2ft. deep and of roughly rectangular plan.” ‘They contained
six post holes about 2ft —3ft. deep, and he considers them to be the sites
of wattle and daub huts (Antequarzes’ Journal, vol. iv., p. 348). Wefound
three rectangular shallow excavations of approximately 20ft. in length.
There were no post holes in two of them and not a scrap of pottery or bone,
no wattle and daub, and no black earth. It was surprising to discover that
there were no calcined flints, which were so numerous in all other parts of
the site. From this evidence we come to the conclusion that they must
have been used as granaries. The smallest one contained all the indicia of
a cooking place :—pot-boilers, animal bones, charcoal, and shards of pottery.
THe DitcH.
This ditch bounds the southern half of the site. On the east where it
ends abruptly it has been mutilated by flint diggers. Its middle portion
has been destroyed by the old coach road. The western third, which lies
beyond the fence dividing the parishes of Ansty and Swalloweliffe, is well
preserved and terminates somewhat suddenly after swerving inwards to
avoid a round barrow. It was here that we cut our best section. There is
no distinct vallum on the surface, and the ditch is now wide and shallow.
The diagram (Plate 2) shows that the sides are very steep near the narrow
bottom. They were probably steep all the way up when first made before
any silting had taken place It appears to have been defensive. Pitt-
Rivers showed that silting was very rapid during the first few years (£z.,
iv., p- 24), hence the foot of chalk rubble above the floor would have
accumulated soon after the ditch was made. The black layer with its La
Tene pottery and fragment of hematited ware must have beenideposited by
the inhabitants of the village. This layer contained charcoal, many burnt
flints and black earth, and appeared to be the remains of a squatting site.
A blue glass bead (Plate VII.) was found at the edge of the black
layer. This ditch, then, can safely be dated as contemporaneous with the
village.
7 THe “ CIRcUs.”
This semi-circular earthwork (see map) is separated from the village by
the ridgeway on to which it abuts. It is 120ft. long and 70ft. wide. . Super-
ficially it is a regular cup-shaped structure, bounded by a wide bank with-
out any corresponding ditch outside. The grass over the centre does not
differ in texture, colour, or luxuriance from that on the surrounding down.
The centre is 2ft. below the natural level of the ground.
We cut a section (Plate 2) through this earthwork so as to pass through
the centre, and another trench at right angles to it into the lowest part.
By B. C. C. Clay. 63
Besides these, we made several trial holes. We found the “hard” im-
mediately beneath the turf near the centre, and as we approached the
vallum we came upon an increasing depth of chalk rubble between the turf
and the gradually rising level of the natural undisturbed chalk. Altogether
we obtained a few sheeps’ teeth and a small fragment of bone, no pot-
boilers, and only two small pieces of La ‘Tene pottery—the latter in the
vallum near the old turf line. ‘There was no black earth, the criterion of
a former inhabited spot, nor was there any puddled clay lining to the
“hard.” There was no central pit or heap of ashes. ‘The bank was formed
of the chalk excavated from the centre.
From the evidence one can deduce that this carefully planned structure
was used neither as a dwelling, a cooking place, a cattle kraal, nor as a
catchment pond. It was probably the village moot, as Mr. Hadrian
Alleroft suggests all such structures were (Brighton & Hove Archeologist,
No. 2, pp. 29—40). His statement on page 39, “The Celt had his own
moots, of his own peculiar kind or kinds, long before he made acquaint-
ance with the Romans . . . and in the centre of his cruc was finally
the very same pit whereat he made sacrifice to his reputed ancestors ” is not
verified by our excavations. We searched for such a place of sacrifice
without success.
Portion of Wooden Loom Frame, Swallowcliffe Down. 3
64 An Inhabited Site of La Tene I. Date on Swalloweligfe Down.
TABLE OF THE PITS.
O=a total absence.
an amount slightly above the average.
+=
N=the amount found in an average pit.
Sc=scanty.
Remarks
Bronze hook, bone gouge, human
bones
qneq 7
apse
0
SUSUR 7,
euojspurg
suleng? ©
SJYSIOM ro)
wl00']
Jeouryp
siglog 0d,
sou0g
jeuluy
Se
Wd JOON
=
fe)
Ss
NN
5
oe a =
oa = (cb)
° = wor 5 os
| fe)
e | o a a)
0 = — N 5 bs!
o = S 1 oye)
— ro) fas} fo) oO ple)
nS = 2 P=) — «as
oa So ) 2 5 oS
ele, a 3 on = om ae
ee a ee eee oe
83 oa Sam aie se)
SS = ay aeaaq° a aia
= as) S
2 a SO OTe a ©) ae
rom '@) PQ AQ pacar (23) (SO) £8
+
+
coo FSS eS SS SOSO 4999 FLOSS
wtttaotgtattate+aaatt
DO OCOCHOOCSOSOSOOMNDSOSOSOSOSS
HOD ON BZHORNAOMPNOOOOONT
+ZERHS +44 zRAR+Rn0 122%
ZtPZtARnzt+RAaAnnatnotnat+es
NE DEO Dp) CO NE at SSO Oe rasa SC
CO HHH SH OH AO HO WO Ht] OD
OMMATDMADAODHAONWVMWANWOONG
sc =) eS
psec mecca east) 1) sil CoS) 52) SiS) eS
CnOORRMRNAHOMMOHROOOCTOCONYS
La eS re i
BY 10 6 19 10 O19 6 O19 CO HO 6 19 1010 I
deoys JO s[esueqeyoul
peaoois ¢ ‘aqe(d ezuo1g ‘quiod euog
sjusUIsely UOIT ‘ud 9zZuOIg
[AoymM-o[putds yleyo ‘utd uojT
Avjo Jo [Tq
‘au0q paysiomM ‘[Me QuOg ‘asluy qliy
[Hoya-orpuids y/eqO
65
qoI[Ng SUIT
uid uodI ‘asnos ouog
uid auog ‘uid worl ‘{o001q UO1T
[4oym-ofpurds
Y[PYo “4a[uq sulys ‘peoq ssejs ‘Tae
euog ‘s9snos aug g ‘QUOD SUIAA
[Zoya
-e[pulds y[eyo ‘4ve79 uodl ‘uid uoJT
joqm-o[purds yyeqO
[feu uodl “seis ezuoig “4ya][Nq suI[g
Aelo poyequn Jo [jeg
sadnos 9u0g Z
J40ym-o[pulds yey ‘yooo1g uo]
[1oqm-e[pulds y[eys ‘peeq sse[H
By hh. C. C. Clay.
Sull Josuly
QUO paylo
[4oqa
-a[puids yyeyo ‘jme euog ‘ajiuy uoJT
[Me UOIT
Jo[NWUY
“SyIVUley
>)
MoO
1d Hrd
cococt
Se Go)! oAanNaN
+
oe
HOMNIMOAH COMI
10 19 10 HK H19
ooeoox © 6910
OOO maaAO Mid I9
OCOnAKROD HM
RRAAMO AAO
SCOono
NA
Ne)
oO x
am
Tl
HD © 69 10 HAD HH 29 210 —H
OD C019 hr OM ©
eH re
TO 6 16 19 210 BR WH 10 20 We)
© 6 19 6 1D SH COIN io)
Soo mNooo =aO0O7' @
1D M2D HwWAROOOnR™M
See GSS eooeooeo4s Ss
o
oA)
AA +
S
om
eOmo ons
SONMr~ DOCOMO RAAWOM x
yjsuey™
43 6 6 10
ey
45 bx 60 20
pee
Oreo
ta
woo'y
yidaq
suing ORO NAH OnONOAHN
91978 M
pewiuy
UIPIM
siiod 0d AAD
qneqd »
sqyustUsael
sUuojspuRg
SIUSIOM
sou0g
VOL. XLIIIL—NO. CXLII.
66 An Inhabited Site of La Tene I. Date on Swalloweliffe Down.
[Joy m-s[purds yleyH
| wnIp yleqo
‘aAIt UOMI ‘o[psesu pue asnos su0g
3 Ve
Suljs ‘ojpoou pue [Me ‘esnos euog
[JOyM-o[puids yleyo “[Ae ouog
APY Peyton
utd uoJy
sjloyM-a[purds Avlo pue yyeqo
euog
peyxIos ‘yoo [[Iq uo ‘quiod suog
[Me auog
[Me ou0g
yesrey
-BjoU paaoois ‘[oYA-a[pulds y[VeYyO
qo[[Nq sus ‘s[Me ou0g Z
QU0q payx1Om ‘yvo][9 UOII ‘sels oZUOIg
"sy IVUley
+
+
mBOoooGFo mAt-OOCSCY FCOCCHSOOOS CO HO
+Htt+4+ +] gtd Z
0
IT
0
0)
G
0
0
0
0
0
0
1)
T
0
0
0
0
6
0
G
G
0)
&
0)
G
\e)
®
aTFIeM
§, Ud SEI]
euojspucg
&
o
tet)
S
os
Z
tA ++2R84018+ 2B
og
+
12
Oo oO
me
Foe en bo)
Loon lio
pal
19 CO1NID Ee «WOO AAAO wWwitnmrmio.owFdsrne wR WW
a
es
1D 6020129200 — OD SASH SH SH HON 10 10 210 SH SH SH CO to too
DOmAnNMre WOOOH OCMORMWMHMON o>
ai
SCSacwtwor~ SO QI 20 Ht OD SOOIrw FNWMHMeK OD
i=)
yysuey ™
S
uydeq:
OID HOAeO wW19W1OAAO oOMrROnRAWIOMR IOP 100%
SEROONOwW AHHOHTD OMRUOGDOCOH ODN WO
Comet
om
WIPIM | ra
Cy
67
[Me uody
[ME oguogd
[Me UOIT
quioo euog
e[puey euog
euoqd peyiom ‘uid uolyT
auo0g Pay1O AA
quod peyiomM ‘oTIUy qti ‘[M~e ouOg
esnos su0g
q9[[Nq Suljs ‘ojpuey suog
Url, UOLT
S[RSIVJVJOU POAOOIS Z
[4oyM-a[purds
yyeyo ‘elim ezuoiq ‘esnos osuog
jAoy a
-9[pulds y[eYo ‘ouog pexiom [Me su0g
auog pey1O MA
QU0g PaydO AA
Quod PayzsO AA
qea[o UOIT
YUI[ UOIT ‘[Me oUOg
By B.C. C. Clay.
‘SyIe Wey
ocoorcooceoo
—)
—_>
ocoTooo eo ©Cooot
+ 0 0 99 N og 49 0 L£ II 9
29 0 0 99 N N g FP p> fh 0 Ff G6
9S 0 0 dS ate og GG 6 4 G 8 16
ce SG g N + + GY 9 9 6 9 06
=P v6 l ap ae = 0, 2¢ Ol 8 yr 9 68
0 0 0 0 a9 99 9 § € 9 @ Gg 88
=F G g 9S a0 aye) g9 g 9 & 9 &g 18
ap G 0 9S 99 99 y WV 9 P¥ Q Ff 98
N 0 g ats 99 09 @) & 9 § G P Gg
a) 0 @) ‘09 oS 9S I, g ¢ o © FS
+ T 0 N N ats ey, HY OL g €8
aa 0 0 99 99 aS y YW 0 ¢ G9 G8
Ste G G N ae + G 9 9 9 6 g 18
“iP G 0 =F = 98 IZ ti 8 OL € 08
st 0 0 + + te Gas ip @ G7 6
98 0 0 9S =e 9S Srey IL ¥ 8 8
+ G G ap cp =P N 0 g B @ 9 LL
9g 0) ) a9 a9 =P ey 0 g 6. 6 OL
99 0 0 99 aT og LG L i g CG)
+ ) T ap ar Slaate 99 6 & 0 ¢ 9 VL
9S 0) G 9S 09 99 th Ae 0 W 0 € &Z
9S O O 9S N 9S O ¢ VG Gc ¢ GL
9S 0 0 ots ate 28 8 OL ¢ eg iV
“UL ‘Ty UL “4 ‘ul “9
we 5 y g = = g s
ea 3 = 3 oo 5 = ce = °
Be 2 2 3 :
{i
68 An Inhabited Site of La Tene I. Date on Swallowcliffe Down.
A MORE DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE MOST INTERESTING PITS.
Pit No. 8. The shape is best described as like that of an egg with a waist.
Possibly the pit was originally circular and afterwards an extension was
made to the north.
Pit No. 12. On the north wall there were two small recesses with flat
bottoms at a height of 3ft. from the floor.
Pit No. 13. Starting from the east wall at a height of 4ft. from the floor,
a ramp or slope 4ft. 6in. wide reaches the turf-line at a distance of 10ft.
from the pit.
Pit No. 15. A seat or ledge 2ft. wide and 3ft. from the floor ran round
the northern wall for a distance of 4ft. At the western end there was a.
cavity in the wall at the back of the seat. This was full of ashes and some
burnt flints and was evidently a hearth.
Pits Nos. 16,17, and 18. The first two were circular and intersected so
that the width of the communication was 3ft. 6in. ‘The walls of No. 17
curved inwards and the floor was basin-shaped, and there was a step down
of 1ft. to reach the floor of No.16. A partition 2ft. 6in. high and 2ft. 6in.
wide divided Nos. 16and18. The top of this wall on the northern side was
worn away to a depth of 5in. as if by the legs of persons climbing over it.
Pit No. 21. On the west side there was a recess or sleeping bunk 4ft. din.
long, 3ft. 3in. wide at a height of 3ft. from the floor.
Pit No. 22. ‘There was a shovel-shaped hearth of clay in the centre at a
depth of 3ft. 6in. It was 3ft. wide and the same in length. The clay was
3in. thick. It was banked up with large pieces of sandstone and much
clean chalk. On it and above it were many cartloads of wood ashes. It
appears that the pit was originally 7ft. 3in. deep, and that the walls were
cut back to obtain chalk to make the foundation and banking for the hearth
The floor of the pit was at too great a depth for an efficient hearth.
Pit No. 26. At a height of 2ft. 9in. above the floor on the west side was.
a seat 4ft. 2in. long and 2ft. 9in. wide.
Pit No. 28. This was originally circular, and the owner had begun to
enlarge it. On the north, west, and south the upper half of the walls had
been roughly cut back for an average distance of 2ft. The chalk of the
lower half of the sides had been loosened but not removed. ‘The floor was
clean except for a small heap of charcoal in the south end, on which were
two bones of a pig, probably the dinner of the workman.
Pit No. 80. ‘There was a seat or ledge 3ft. from the floor on the south
and east sides. Its average width was 3ft.
Pit No. 38. Connected with No. 86 on the south by means of an opening
in the adjoining walls. As the latter was only 4ft. 6in. in height, there was
a drop of 2ft. 7in. to reach the floor of No. 38.
Pit No. 40. There was a layer, lft. 6in. deep, of pure loom-weights
resting on greensand and filling up the lower half of this pit. Most of the
weights were broken by the heat of the fires made by the second inhabitants.
over the partly silted-up pit. All were of one and the same ty pe—roll-shaped.
and nicely smoothed. On top of the sand, which was 3in. deep, lay a.
spindle-whorl of chalk. ‘This was evidently a store for loom-weights and.
By Rh. C. C. Clay. 69
the greensand acted not only asa soft bed for the weights, but also promoted
drainage and so lessened the risk of frost splitting the chalk objects.
Pit No. 45. At a depth of 5ft. we found a great quantity of whole and
broken loom-weights. They rested on a thin layer of greensand and were
all of one type. Immediately beneath them was a perfect weaving comb of
antler. The number of top ends of weights showing complete holes was
twenty-two. Above them were three broken grooved metatarsals of sheep.
On the floor was a large fragment of charred wood, which had been worked,
and which was doubtless the end of an upright of a loom (see Plate, p. 63),
It was very friable and could not be removed whole. However, we were able
to measure it and draw it 77 situ. Near this and also on the south side of the pit,
was a worked poleinacharred condition. Its diameter was 1din. Ifthe loom
had been placed just outside the pit on the south side and had caught on
fire, supposing that the wind blew from the prevailing quarter—the south-
west—then the top of the loom would fall into the southern half of the pit.
Pit No. 49. Contained a clay hearth.
Pit No. 54. A great quantity of animal bones were in this pit :—the
skulls of four cows, two horses, one sheep, and one dog, lying close to-
gether.
Pit No. 54. This joined with No. 59 on the west. There was a clay
hearth in the centre of the former at a depth of 3ft. 6in.
Pit No. 64. There was a long curved recess in the north wall, 4ft. long,
3ft. 6in. wide, and of an average depth of 2ft.
Pit No. 66. Contained a clay hearth.
Pit No. 68. ‘The upper halves of the walls had been knocked in by the
people of the second habitation to lessen the depth, which was originally
Vit. llin.
Pit No. 70. At first circular, it had been enlarged to the north so that
its final shape was that of an egg.
Pit No. 74. On the west side the wall has been much undercut. The
roof of this pit had evidently caught on fire. Much daub showing the
grooves and stains caused by the charred wattle was found with the stick
marks lying undermost.
Pit No. 77. Ata height of 7ft. from the floor on the north-west side was
a flat-bottomed recess with slightly incurving roof. Its width was 2ft. 8in.
and its depth 1ft. 10in.
Pit No. 80. Very many tertiary pebbles, too small for use as sling
bullets, were found at one level.
Pit No. 81. The walls curved inwards very much, so that the shape was
that of a basin.
Pit No. 87. ‘This was very circular, and connected with No. 88 on the
_west. A partition 3ft. 6in. wide, 4in. thick, and 2ft. 6in. high separated
| them. On the west and north sides of No. 88 was a large flat-bottomed
eu ledge or platform at an average depth of 3ft. beneath the turf
line.
Pit No. 89. A long trench with sloping sides, 7ft. ‘wide and 21ft. in
oe ran due north from this pit. On the south side was a step 2ft. above
| the floor.
|
|
70 An Inhabited Site of La Tene I. Date on Swallowcliffe Down.
Post HoLE SITUATED IN SQUARE 21 MN.
Depth of humus, 8in. Depth of hole in chalk, 1ft. 10in. Diameter of
hole, 1ft. lin. Bottom slightly basin-shaped. The walls on the N.W., W.,
and S.W. were straight sided. On the east the side had been somewhat
broken away. A large piece of wattle and daub was onthe floor. Although
we trenched in all directions, yet we found no other holes or signs of a hut.
THE POTTERY.
All the pottery is hand-made. Taken as a whole, it is coarse in quality
and roughly finished. The predominant type is a tall narrow vessel with
plain flat rim, straight vertical neck, high shoulder, and slightly-curved
sides tapering to a flat base. It is brown in colour, unpolished, and con-
tains many large fragments of pounded flint. It has been roughly tooled
or smoothed with the fingers, and badly baked. Nearly 90 % conforms to
this type. Pieces of flint, lin. in length, have been noticed in some of the
best specimens. Pounded shell and fragments of some ferruginous stone
and black vegetable matter are often seen in the paste. Perforated bases
are absent. Two specimens of vertically pierced lugs were found. Neither
were countersunk. No bead rims have been found, nor any pottery similar
to the Glastonbury and Hunsbury types. On the other hand, fragments of
fine hematite coated ware with linear ornamentation incised after baking
were noticed in almost every pit. One such piece had an omphaloid base,
another a slight cordon. Ornamentation is scarce and consists principally
of finger tip impressions on the rim or on the shoulder. Thus, from the
pottery alone, the site can be dated as La Tene I.—after the Halstatt period
and before La Tene II., with its early hand-made bead rims and well-tooled
pottery with soapy feel. The finding and re-construction of a “ waster”
supports the theory that pottery was made on the spot. The bone implements
B. 66, B. 67, and B. 68 were probably used for ornamenting pottery.
Three pieces of Romano-British ware came from the upper layers of the
pits, and though another fragment was found at a depth of 24ft., yet there
is no doubt that it had been carried down in one of the many rabbit holes.
Puate IV.
Fig. 1. Large urn of light brown, coarse, sandy ware. Surface rough
The rim, rudely moulded with the fingers, is slightly everted and flat topped. —
It has a short neck somewhat curved, a slight shoulder and bellied sides
and flat base. Height 114in. Diam. at rim 10%in. Diam. at base 6in.
Found in No.4. The slope of the fracture of the fragments indicates that
_ the paste was put on in layers and smoothed in an upward direction. |
Fig. 2. Vessel of blue-grey ware, black at the top, containing very large |
pieces of flint up to lin. in length. Surface rough and finished by wiping |
with a wisp of fine grass. Rim flat, short neck and slight shoulder, and |
nearly straight sides and spreading base. Height 103in. Diam. at rim 83in- |
Diam. at base 43in. Found in No. 12. Compare All Cannings Cross, Pl. |
30, fig. 2.
Fig. 3. A vessel of coarse brown sandy paste, with very rough surface, |
slightly flattened rim, small neck and shoulder, and straight sides. Height |
By k. C. C. Clay. ya |
104in. Diam. at rim 8in. Diam. at base, 6in. Found in No. 49. Compare
All Cannings, Pl. 29, fig. 8.
Fig. 4. Bowl of red-brown gritty ware. The rim thin, flat topped, and
everted. High round shoulder, curving sides, and an incipient pedestalled
base. The surface has been tooled. Height 7in. Diam. at rim 64in.
Diam. at base 4in. Found in No. 15. Compare Fifield Bavant (W.A.d,
vol. xlii., No. 140, Pl. VII., No. 4).
Fig. 5. Vessel with flat rim, short vertical neck, high shoulder and
straight sides. Finger nail ornamentation on the rim. - Colour light brown.
Surtace rough. The paste contained many pieces of chopped straw and
some grain. The marks of this can be seen on the two surfaces, where it
has been burnt out during firing. Height 6in. Diam. at rim 43in. Diam.
at base 4in. Found in No. 32. Compare Park Brow, fig. 13 (Antiquartes’
Journal, vol. iv., No. 4, p. 355); also All Cannings, Pl. 39, fig. 6.
Fig. 6. Elegant vase of brown ware with tooled surface. The rim is
rounded and sloping outwards. Shoulders high and rounded and sides
tapering to a hollow foot-ring, above which is a cordon. Height 6$in.
Diam. at rim 63in. Diam. at base 34in. Found in No. 45. This vessel
resembles in type some from the Marne.
Fig. 7. Vessel of light brown ware with rough surface. Rim uneven
and everted, shoulder slight and sides somewhat curved. Height 1lin.
Diam. at rim 63in. Diam. at base 44in. Found in No. 4. Compare All
Cannings, Pl. 29, fig. 10.
Fig. 8. Small bowl with a dark brown tooled surface. Rim flat topped
and sides rounded. Height 34in. Diam. at rim 33in. Diam. at base 24in.
Found in No. 14. It is similar in some respects to a Saxon type.
Fig. 9. Tall vessel of light brown ware. Surface roughly smoothed with
the finger. Rim flat topped, with slight neck and shoulder, Sides straight
and the base flat. Height 104in. Diam. at rim 73in. Diam. at base 5in.
Found in No, 12. Compare All Cannings, Pl. 30, fig. 2.
| PLATE V.
Fig. 1. Portion of a vessel, brown on the outside and red inside. Flat
rim, straight vertical neck.and high shoulder. Surface rough to the touch.
Diam. at rim 113in. Similar types have been found at Fifield Bavant
(W.A.M., vol. xlit., Pl. VIIT., type I.).
Fig. 2. Part of a vessel of red brown ware, blacker neartherim. Outer
surface well tooled, inner rough and lighter in colour. Thin lip, vertical
neck and slight shoulder, Diam. atrim 9in. Compare All Cannings P).
29, fig. 7.
Fig. 3. Differs from Fig. 1 in that the neck is not so vertical and the
surface, moulded with the fingers, is rougher. Diam. of rim I14in.
Fig. 4. Upper part of a vessel of gritty ware, with a roughly tooled brown
surface. Rim rounded and slightly everted. Diam. at rim 84in. Compare:
Fifield Bavant, W.A.M., xlii., Pl. V., fig. 6, and Ali Cannings, PI. 38, fig. 2.
This type is probably the ancestor of the hand-made bead rim of La Tene II.
Fig. 5. Portion of a well-shaped vessel of coarse brown ware. Flat rim,
72 An Inhabited Site of La Tene I. Date on Swalloweliffe Down,
well defined neck, and rounded high shoulder. Diam. at rim 113in. Com-
pare a vessel from Park Brow (Antéguartes’ Journal, vol. iv., No. 4, fig. 2).
This type may be derived from the hematited carinated bowls, fragments
of which were found at this site and were so common at All Cannings.
Fig 6. Portion of a vessel of dark brown coarse micaceous ware with a
few rough tool marks on the outer surface, which appears to have a thin
slip. Rim flat topped, somewhat everted, and the neck is slight. Sides
rounded. Diam. at rim 8#in.
Fig 7. Part of a rough-surfaced vessel of brown gritty ware. The lip
is everted and slightly flattened on top. Diam. at rim 64in. Compare All
Cannings, Pl. 29, fig. 7.
Fig. 8. Portion of a vessel showing signs of much burning on the outside,
4 a cooking pot. Surface rough. Paste gritty. Diam. at rim 6in. Com-
pare Pifield Bavant, W.A.M., xlii., Pl. IV., fig. 9, and All Cannings, P1. 29,
fig. 9.
Fig. 9. Upper part of a vessel of dark, sandy, gritty paste. Lip
rounded and somewhat inverted. A neck has been formed by pinching
it in all round with the finger and thumb. The outer surface is uneven and
has many marks on it which appear to have been caused by fragments of
chaff in the paste being burnt out during the firing. Diam. at rim 53in.
Fig. 10. Part of a vessel of red brown ware having a rough exterior
with a few irregular toolings. Rim flat, everted, short curved neck passing
into a rounded side. Diam. of rim 2in. Compare Fifield Bavant, W A.J,
xlii., Pl. IV., fig. 10 and Pl. IV,, fig. 3.
Fig. 11. Portion of a narrow vase, red to black, of smoothed surface and
gritty paste. Diam. at rim 3tin. For profile compare All Canmngs,
lei sill, ines, 4),
Fig. 12. Portion of a cooking pot of dark brown ware containing large
pieces of pounded flint. Surface rough and shaped with a knife. The rim
is flat and everted. Diam. at rim 62in.
Fig. 13. Fragment of a large vessel with expanded and flattened rim.
The ware is brown and sandy, and the exterior has been shaped by longi-
tudinal sweeps of a knife. Diam. at rim 1lin. Compare Fifield Bavant,
W.AM,, xlii., Pl. VIL, fig. 18.
Fig. 14. Top part of a vessel of dark brown gritty paste. ‘Tooled outer
surface. Rim flat topped and everted and the sides well rounded. Diam.
at rim 64in.
PuaTE VI.
Fig. 1. Portion of a vessel of very coarse dark ware, with rough surface.
The rim is flat topped and the marks of the fingers that moulded the neck
are still visible. Diam. at rim 63in.
Fig. 2. Part of a bowl of gritty light to dark brown ware with rough
surface. Slightly rounded lip, somewhat everted and a pronounced high
shoulder. Diam. at rim 6in.
Fig. 3. Fragment of a vessel of dark brown ware. The surface is uneven
but well tooled. Rim everted, shoulder high and rounded. Diam. at rim
Tin. |
Fig. 4. Portion of a vase of brown sandy ware with smoothed surfaces. —
|
!
|
|
|
{
}
|
|
By R. C. C. Clay. 73
Shoulder ornamented with a row of finger nail marks. This type of deco-
ration was common at All Cannings and was found at Fifield Bavant.
Diam. at rim 53in.
Fig. 5. Portion of a vessel of black ware. The surface has been roughly
tooled. The rim is slightly flattened and there are vertically pierced lugs
that are not countersunk and show no bulge on the inside. Diam. at rim
43in. Compare Fifield Bavant, W.A.d,, xlii., Pl. VL., fig. 11.
Fig. 6. Fragment of a bowl] of well-baked dark ware containing some
large pieces of flint. The outside has been coated with haematite and has
a smooth surface. ‘he square shoulder is without ornamentation. Inthe
angle of the neck is a zonal incised line, above and below which are alter-
nating panels of seven slightly radiating incised lines, the lower ones
reaching to the top of the square shoulder. ‘These incisions were made
with a pointed tool after firing. Diam. at shoulder 6fin. Several fragments
of similar bowls were found. ‘This type was common at All Cannings
(PI. 58) and at Hengistbury (Class A.), and was present at Fifield Bavant.
Fig. 7. Portion of a bowl of dark sandy paste with smoothed surfaces.
There are some irregular shallow furrows made by some blunt pointed tool.
Although the profile of the bow] resembles some from Glastonbury, yet the
lack of precision and raggedness of the ornamentation is quite dissimilar.
Diam. at rim 4¢in.
Fig. 8. Portion of a dish of dark brown sandy ware. The surfaces are
well tooled and have a slightly soapy feel. Lip flatand spreading. Diam.
at rim 10in. One dish was found at All Cannings. At Glastonbury six
shallow dishes were found, two of them associated with large quantities of
grain.
Fig. 9. Top of a large vessel with everted lip and rounded sides. The
paste contains many large pieces of flint. ‘The fragments had been thrown
on a fire and the surfaces had cracked over the flint particles. Rim orna-
fea with a row of equally spaced finger tip impressions. Diam. at rim
92in.
Fig. 10. Portion of a vessel of well-baked black gritty ware, with a nicely
tooled brown outer surface, the inner being black. Below the neck some
very faint furrows forming a lattice pattern. Diam. at rim 94in. For
_ design compare All Cannings, PI. 36, fig. 8.
Hig. 11. Part of a cooking pot of coarse ware, the upper portion being
_ covered with soot. Surfaces rough, rim flat, everted and ornamented with
| a row of equally spaced finger tip impressions. Diam. at rim 73in.
Fig. 12. Portion of a vessel of dark coarse ware. Below the lip is a row
_ of finger tip impressions, caused by the potter, with one finger inside and
his thumb outside the pot, squeezing in and pressing down at the same time
so that some of the paste is pushed on in front of his thumb. A corresponding
Mark is on the inner surface. Diam. at rim 74in.
ORNAMENTED POTTERY.
The following types were found :—
Fragment with zig-zag ornament. Compare All Cannings, Pl. 34, fig. 9.
Irregular zig-zag.
74 An Inhabited Site of La Tene I. Date on Swalloweliffe Down.
Fragment with rows of finger nail marks below the lip and on the shoulder.
Compare All Cannings, Plate 39, fig. 6.
Row of finger tip impressions on the shoulder. Commonat Al] Cannings,
Hengistbury, and Park Brow.
Large finger nail marks on the shoulder.
Irregular finger tip impressions.
Expanded and flattened rim, ornamented with a clean cut furrow, in the
form of equal chevrons or zig-zag.
Ogsect oF Gotp—Puate VII.
G.I. A finger ring of bronze, coated with a thin layer of gold. Inter-
locking notched ends allowed the ring to expand to slip on to the finger.
External diam, 20mm. Thickness 10mm. Width 2mm. Found in No. 27.
Opsecrs oF BronzE—Puiate VII.
A. I. A bronze awl with flattened tang. The shaft, square in cross
section, tapers to a blunt point which shows signs of much wear. The tang
has a rounded chisel end. Length 50mm. Maximum width 6mm. Found
in No, 22. A bronze awl of the same size, but with a squarer end to the flat
tang, has been found at Ham Hill, Somerset. A similar tool, but larger,
was found in a round barrow at Thorndon, Suffolk (Evans’ Bronze, p. 189).
Another has recently been discovered at Stonehenge. Another from the
Lake of Bourget is figured in Keller’s Lake Dwellings, vol. 11., Pl. CLVIIL,
fig. 16. Two implements from All Cannings (PI. XIX., figs. 3 and 4) are of
the same type but slightly larger. These awls belong to Dr. Thurnam’s
Class 1 (Archxologia, vol. xliii., p. 464),
A. 2. Bronze hook and plate. ‘otal length 34mm. The flat plate—
19mm. X 17mm.—has rounded corners and is ornamented on the front side
by an incised line close inside the borders. It has three round-headed
rivets whose shanks on the under side are rivetted over bronze circular
washers of 6mm. diameter. The shaft of the hook is flat on the under side
and slightly rounded on the upper, and is enlarged at its junction with the
plate. ‘The rivets appear to have fixed the object to a piece of thin leather.
Found in No. 1. It was probably the fastening of a belt. An “iron girdle
hook” was found in the La Tene lake village at Uhldingen.
A. 3. Pin of a penannular brooch. It is of the arched type. A com-
plete brooch was found at All Cannings (?]. XVIII, fig. 1.). Found in No.
44, he pins of the earlier brooches of this type are more often arched
than straight.
A. 4. <A bronze plate 0°2mm. in thickness. Length 140mm. Width
17mm. ‘Two parallel incised lines run along the lateral: edges. Rivet —
holes 2mm. in diameter are in each corner at one end. Near the middle
are three other holes and a punch mark as if another hole was intended.
Found in No. 45. A similar object was found at Glastonbury (plate XLIII.,
i. 131). Another in the British Museum, from Hounslow, is described as
possibly part of the hoop of a wooden vessel.
A. 5. A piece of bent wire in the shape of a horseshoe. D-shaped in
cross section, Average width 4mm. Found in No. 8. ? Portion of a small
terret ring. fh
|
}
By R.C. €. Clay, to
A. 6. A piece of bronze wire. Average diam. 2mm. Length 59mm.
Found in No. 78.
A. 7. Fragment of wood impregnated with bronze and with remains of
a coating of bronze. Roughly cylindrical in shape. Found in No. 33.
Probably the end of a wooden shaft.
A. 8. Thin bronze plate of irregular shape. Found in No. 17.
A.9. <A lump of fused bronze. Found in No. 46.
Opsects oF BONE AND ANTLER.
Bont Goucrs—Prate VIIL.
These objects are called gouges for want of a better name. Mrs.
Cunnington, in an exhaustive account of such implements (Ali Cannings,
p. 84 et seg.) has pointed out that most of those belonging to type A. that
she found had not sharp points. From Swallowcliffe, however, the majority
belong to type A. and have sharp points (eg., B. 1., B. 2, B. 3, B. 4, B. 5,
B. 13). B.9and B.15 may be unfinished. Possibly B. 7 has been reground
into its present form after its sharp point had been broken off. It now
looks well adapted for use as a spoon; but its length is 132mm. and it has
longitudinal and rivet holes. ‘This implies a shaft of wood. A spoon of
- such length does not require a shaft. If they were intended for use as awls
or prickers, again, shafts would be unnecessary. The probable explanation
is that they were Jance or spear heads. At this time flint tools and weapons
_ were not being used. During the whole of our digging at Swallowcliffe only
one implement of flint, a strike-a-light, was found in spite of diligent search.
_ Iron was probably valuable, especially if it was laboriously extracted from
the ferruginous sandstone from the Westbury beds. No weapons of iron
_ were discovered, although weapons of offence have always been necessary
_ and must have been necessary then. Bronze was always scarce. Sling
| bullets were few in number and at the best efficient only against small
| game. ‘This leaves us with bone as the probable material from which their
| weapons were made: and these “gouges” are the only implements that
could be used as such. ‘he sixteen objects of types A. and B. found with
the skeleton at Grimthorpe were more likely to be weapons than tools, for
no man could need so many spoons, awls, or bodkins.
One of type A. is recorded from a crannog in Ireland (Wood-Martin’s
Lake Dwellings of Ireland, P\. VI.. fig. 8).
B.1 AJl Cannings type A. Length 147mm. Found in No. 29. The
| point is flattened and the bone has not been rubbed down much on the back:
Shaft oval in cross section.
B.2. All Cannings type A. Length 132mm. Found in No. 31. The
| Shaft is square in section.
B. 3. All Cannings type A. Length 118mm. Found in No. 36. One
| side of the shaft has been flattened.
B. 4. All Cannings type A. Length 121mm. Found in No. 12. Point
sharp. One side is slightly flattened.
B. 5. All Cannings type A. Length 119mm. Found in No. 36. Point
sharp. The shaft is square in section.
76 An Inhabited Site of La Tene I. Date on Swalloweliffe Down,
B.6. All Cannings type A. Point missing. Found in No. 21. Much
flattened anteriorly. Sides rounded.
B. 7. All Cannings type A. Length 132mm. Found in No. 22. The
business end is rounded and shows signs of use. Sides rounded. It might
have been used as a scoop.
B. 8. All Cannings type A. Point missing. Much flattened at the top
end. Shaft oval in section. Found in No. 31.
B. 9. All Cannings type E. Length approx. 90mm. The point is miss-
ing. The shaft is unpolished. Found in No. 1.
B. 10. All Cannings type D. Point missing. Found in No. 68.
B. 11. All Cannings type A. Point missing. The shaft is oval in
section. Found in No. 38.
B.12. All Cannings type A. Point missing. Sides of shaft slightly
flattened. Found in No. 66.
B. 18. All Cannings type? Base missing. Shaft flattened anteriorly.
Found in No. 36.
B. 14. All Cannings type? Base and shaft missing. Has been burnt.
Point sharp. Found in No. 41.
B. 15. All Cannings type HE. Length 111mm. Sides slightly squared.
Found in No. 78. .
B.16. All Cannings type? Point very sharp. Base missing. Long
blade. Found in No. 82.
B. 17. All Cannings type C. Point missing. Found in No. 87.
B. 18. Point of a bone “gouge.” Found in No. 87.
WEAVING ComBsS—PLATE IX.
Combs of antler and occasionally of bone are found in most inhabited
sites of the Early Iron Age. Mr. Ling Roth has given several reasons for
his suggestion that they were not used for weaving, as was generally sup-
posed. If not for weaving, the only other obvious uses to which they
might have been put would be those of combing the hair and the cleaning
of skins. In these cases the teeth would have been worn down evenly, so
that a line drawn through the points of the teeth would have been straight.
There would have been no transverse grooves worn on the underside of the
teeth, as in B. 19, and in many of the specimens from Glastonbury and
Meare, nor would the lateral surfaces of the teeth have been polished, as
can be seen in a marked degree in EK. 27. The points would have been the
the only parts showing polish by wear.
In favour of the theory that they were used for closing the weft during the
process of weaving we have the following evidence. B. 19 was found on
the floor of No. 45, directly underneath twenty-two complete loom-weights
and several broken ones, and alongside the charred remains of aloom. B, 20
was associated with eight unbroken loom-weights, lying side by side, and a
spindle-whorl. Close to B. 21 were four loom-weights. At Fifield Bavant
four combs were found, one in the same pit as five spindle whorls, and all
with loom-weights (W.A M., vol. xlii., p. 480). The fact that the teeth on
the left-hand side are often worn away much shorter than those on the right
can be explained by the tendency of the comb, when held in the right hand
By R. C. C. Clay. 17
and brought downwards between the threads, to incline to the left and not
to come down perpendicularly, owing to the natural “carrying angle ” of
the elbow.
B 19. Weaving comb of antler conforming to Glastonbury type 1. Of
the original eight teeth seven remain, those on the left-hand side showing
marked signs of wear. ‘They are worn at the tips and on their lateral
surfaces show transverse grooves. Similar grooves were noticed on antler
combs of unknown use from an Indian village site near Madisonville, Ohio
(Peabody Museum Papers, vol. viii. No. 1). The shaft terminates in an
angular enlargement. There is no ornamentation. The interdental notches
are wide. ‘Total length 155mm. Widthatdentated end 40mm. Found on
the floor of No. 45 underneath twenty-two loom-weights and close to the
remains of one of the uprights of a loom.
B. 20. A weaving comb whose curve corresponds to that of the antler
from which it was made. It belongs to Glastonbury type 4. Of the original
seven teeth five remain. ‘They were certainly cut with asaw. They show
signs of much wear at the tips and on their lateral surfaces: the one on the
extreme left having been worn almost away ‘The base is rounded and
perforated by a hole 8mm. in diameter. It was found in No. 36 with eight
loom-weights and a spindle-whorl. Length 107mm. Width across the
teeth 28mm. Compare Glastonbury No. H. 121.
B. 21. A weaving comb of antler with straight sides ending in a squared
butt which is pierced by a hole 5mm. in diameter. ‘There were eleven
teeth, but nine only remain. ‘There is no ornamentation. It corresponds
to Glastonbury type 4. Length 126mm. Width at base of teeth 33mm.
Found lying in No. 57 at a depth of only 2ft. close to four fragments of
loom-weights.
B. 27. A weaving comb of antler of Glastonbury type 2. It ends in an
oval enlargement 25mm. in width with a perforation 8mm. in diameter.
The shaft is tapering. There were originally seven teeth, but the one on
the extreme left has been worn away by use. The central tooth is the
longest and measures 17mm. ‘he teeth are widely separated and show
signs of wear on the tips and lateral] surfaces as well as transverse grooves
on the under sides. ‘hose on the left hand side are more worn than those
on the right. Length 116mm.) Width at base of teeth 25mm. Found in
No. 88.
BonE NEEDLEs—Plate IX.
« Amongst the numerous pieces of woven material found in the Swiss Lake
dwellings there is only one example of a hem and no seams (Keller). It
has been suggested that this implies that the cloth was used moreas wraps
and shawls than as coats or other tailored garments. If this is correct no
stitching would be required. As Mrs. Cunnington has pointed out, these
needles are very clumsy and much inferior for ordinary sewing to those of
the Upper Paleolithic Periods and to the bronze needles of the Early Iron
_ Age found at Glastonbury, Meare, and elsewhere. Ifthe La Tene I. people
_ were in the habit of doing fine sewing, they, with all their skill in the work-
_ ing of bone, would surely have made more efficient tools. If used to sew
_ skins together, the holes made by these implements would have made the.
78 An Inhabited Site of La Tene I. Date on Swalloweliffe Down.
material very liable to tear. A small awl and some fine sinew would have
answered the purpose. Were they used in weaving ?
B. 28. Bone needle with an oval eye in the centre, the ends tapering in
both directions. Flat-oval in cross section. The points have been worn by
use. Glastonbury type B. Length 48mm. Width at eye 5mm. Similar
to one from Fyfield Bavant (W.A.d/,, xlii., Pl. IX., fig. 11).
B. 29. Bone needle of Glastonbury type B. The large eye is oval and
the shaft tapers in both directions. The end is missing. Flat-oval in
section. Length of fragment 52mm. Length of shaft above eye 10mm.
Width at eye 6mm. Found in No. 66. Compare All Cannings, Pl. VL,
Nos. 10 and 17, also one from Lidbury (W.A.d/., xl., Pl. 1X., fig. 2).
Boar’s TuskK—Puiate IX.
B. 30. Tusk of a small boar with two notches cut in the sides for suspension
—probably an amulet. ‘These have been cut with much skill, for a line
drawn between the two notches passes through the centre of gravity of the
tusk. The usual method was to perforate the tusk, but, in this case, it
would have split it, for there was already a crack down thecentre. A tusk
with a notch on one side only has been found at Meare. Length of outer
curve 96mm. Found in No. 23.
GROOVED METATARSALS—PLATE IX.
Metatarsal bones of sheep showing grooves on the shaft associated with
polish have been found in five different pits: three in No. 45, two in No.
79, and one each in Nos. 44 and 51. These grooves are parallel, at right
angles to the long axis of the bone and are usually more marked near the
ends of the shaft. ‘They may be on the lateral surfaces only or on all the
sides. The bones are polished, more so around the grooves. The latter
have been caused by a to-and-fro motion of a small round object—possibly
a thread. The friction acted on one surface at a time: a groove on one
side being complete and not continued into a groove on the adjoining side.
Similar bones have been found at All Cannings (PI. IX., fig. 18), at Fifield
Bavant (W.A.d/,, xlii., Pl. X., fig. 3), and at Meare ‘They were probably
used in the process of weaving. In Pit No. 44 there were three loom-
weights, in No. 45 there were at least twenty-two loom-weights as well as
an antler weaving comb, and in No. 51 a spindle-whorl was found. It will
be noticed that the pit that had the most loom-weights furnished the most
grooved metatarsals. Probably they were used in the hand to rub down and
straighten the threads in the same way as a fisherman uses a piece of
indiarubber to straighten his cast. ‘Those parts of the shaft that were
near the extremities would naturally be the parts most used and the hand
of the worker may have caused the slight polish on those -parts that were
not grooved.
B. 36. A metatarsal bone of a sheep with many grooves on the shaft in
the upper and lower thirds, more marked on the posterior and lateral
surfaces. Near the distal end there are deeper and wider grooves as if two
or three small ones had run together. The shaft has been polished all over |
—probably by use. It has been slightly burnt. Found in No. 45. |
B. 37. A similar bone with gooves on all sides of the shaft except in the |
By RC. C. Clay. 79
middle third. The shaft is polished only where it is grooved. Found in
No. 79.
B. 38. A similar bone having-faint grooves and some polish on the shaft
near the extremities. Found in No. 44.
B. 39. Differs from the others in having the grooves nearer to the middle
of the shaft. It is slightly polished all over. Found in No 51.
B. 40. An imperfect shaft of a sheep’s metatarsal with many well marked
grooves on the lateral surfaces near the extremities. The bone is polished
all over although there are no grooves on the anterior or posterior aspects.
Found in No. 79.
B. 41. The proximal half of a similar bone. It has been burnt. The
shaft is well polished and has grooves on all four sides. Found in No. 45.
Bb. 42. A similar fragment. It has grooves on the lateral surfaces only.
It is polished and has been burnt. Found in No. 45.
B. 43. Distal end of a similar bone, probably part of B. 41. It is grooved
and polished on all sides and has been burnt. Found in No. 45.
B. 44. Part of the shaft of a similar bone, probably belonging to B. 42.
It is burnt. There are grooves on the lateral surfaces only. Polished all
over. Found in No. 45.
HANDLES—PLATE X.
B. 22. Portion of a tine of Red Deer antler sawn off at each end. To-
wards the smaller end it has been flattened on two opposite sides and per-
forated by a hole 4mm. in diameter. ‘here is no longitudinal perforation,
nor is the end split. Itis probably an unfinished handle. Length 61mm.
Width at base 22mm. Width atsmallerend limm. Length of holellmm,
Found in No 81.
B. 23. Handle of roe deer antler with rounded and expanded butt.
The smaller end, which is slightly flattened, is scooped out to fit a tapering
tang of rectangular section. ‘There is no rivet hole. Iron rust from the
tang is still present. Jength 65mm. Found in No. 86.
-Pin—Puate X.
B. 25. A pin made from a piece of antler (7). The head is nicely carved
in the shape of two reels of cotton—one superimposed upon the other. The
shaft tapers to the point. Below the head on one side, the shaft has been
worked away fora distance of 22mm. and ends abruptly at a stop or catch,
This was intended to prevent the pin from slipping out of the material into
which it was stuck. Total length 59mm. Length of head 7mm. Found
in No. 37. Two other bone pins with similar wide notches in the upper
half of the shaft have been found in England, both in Somerset. One from
Meare has the head rounded off: the other from Ham Hill has the head
moulded in the shape of a reel of cotton.
Rip Knives—Puate X.,
B 31. Rib knife of All Cannings type. The base is missing. It is
polished on both sides. The width of the rib has been reduced by the
bevelling off of the edges from the inner surface in order to sharpen the
80 An Inhabited Site of La Tene I. Date on Swalloweliffe Down.
object. There are two lateral notches, which may have been made for hand
grasp after the handle was broken. Width1llmm. Found in No. 83.
B. 32. Blade of rib knife, polished on both sides. Towards the point
the edges are slightly rounded. Width of blade 14mm. Found in No. 42.
B. 52. Fragment of split rib, slightly polished on both surfaces, Length
77mm.
AWLS—PLATE X.
B. 24. Tine of an antler of roe deer, which has been worked to a smooth
point. Length 61mm. Found in No. 71. Similar objects have been
found at Glastonbury.
B. 54. Awl made from a split antler of roe deer. Well polished.
Length 90mm. :
B. 55. Awl made from a split metatarsal of ox. Length 120mm.
Found in No. 53.
B. 56. Similar tool. Length104mm. Found in No. 64. —
B. 57. Similar tool, well polished. Length 101mm. Found in No. 22.
B. 58. Awl made from a small ulna. Well polished. Fine point.
Length 77mm. Found in No. 48.
B. 59. Similar tool. Length 92mm. Found in No. 36.
B. 60. Well polished split bone awl. Length 90mm. Found in No. 42.
B. 61. Split bone awl, badly preserved. Length 72mm. Found in No.
25.
B. 62. Awl made from a split metatarsal of horse. Point missing.
Length 122mm. Found in No. 83.
B. 69. Split bone awl. Point missing. Length 118mm. Found in No.
91,
Bong Picks—PLATE X.
B. 25. A metatarsus of ox with a longitudinal tapering perforation at
the proximal end, and the distal end roughly pointed. The pointed end is
much bruised and the shaft polished—probably by the hand in use. Found
in No. 67. Such a tool could have been used to loosen the hard chalk
when the pits were made. The bone being held in the hand, a short piece
of wood fixed in the longitudinal hole was struck with a wooden mallet.
This shaft of wood prevented the bone from splitting, which it would have
done it it had been struck direct. ‘The bone picks found in the new series
of flint mines at Grimes Graves by Mr. A. L. Armstrong (Proc. Prehistoric
Soc. Hast Anglia, vol. iv., part 1., p. 121) are very similar. ‘They are,
however, always split in the shaft and have been used after having been
split, as is shown by the plugs of chalk in the shaft and by the finding of
the splinters. Our specimen may have had but little use and might have
become split and shortened in course of time. ‘The scarcity of the bones
and antlers of red-deer in sites of the Early Iron Age indicates that the
people of that time did not hunt big game. This may account for the fact
that antler picks are not found, although there must have been a few shed
antlers lying on the surface. At Highfield some antlers of red-deer were
found, but none showed signs of having been used as picks.
By fh. C. C. Clay. 81
PoLIsHInG Bones.
B. 33. Metacarpus of ox which is highly polished on all parts of the
shaft and extremities. It may have been used for burnishing pottery.
Similar objects have been found at Glastonbury, Meare, and Wookey Hole.
B. 34. The metatarsus of an ox. <A large and a small groove have been
worn on the anterior surface of the shaft near the proximal end after a
“flake” had previously been knocked off to make a flat surface.
WoRKED SPLINTERS.
B. 65. Long splinter of bone, polished smooth in the upper half. A sharp
point has been worked at one angle of the polished end. Length 153mm.
Found in No. 77.
B. 66. Splinter of bone, polished by use at the point. Possibly used for
ornamenting pottery. Length 78mm. Found in No. 21,
B. 67. Small splinter of bone, worn at the point. Length35mm. Found
in No. 42,
B. 68. Similar tool. Length 87mm. Found in No. 42.
Bone Opsects orf UNKNown USE—PULATE X.
B. 45. Portion of an object of split bone. It is well polished on the
back, the straight end, and the curved side. Length 89mm. Found in
No. 83.
B. 46. Implement of bird bone, well polished, with a blunt point. The
base is missing. The latter was probably perforated as were some tools
from the lake village at Wangen, Switzerland. 4a bodkin used in weaving.
Length 76mm. Found in No. 57.
B. 47. Similar tool, with base and point missing. Found in No. 57.
) B. 48. Portion of a rib of a small animal. Broken at both ends. One
_ surface is much rubbed down. Similar implements have been found at All
| Cannings. Found in No. 77.
|B. 49. Piece of split bone. The left-hand edge has been used for scraping,
_%a marrow scoop. Found in No, 83.
_ B.50. Small rib bone, polished by use on the under surface. Found in
No. 74. )
B41. Piece of split bone, polished flat on one side and roughly rounded
on the other. Chisel ended. Found in No. 73.
B. 63. Portion of a ? metacarpal bone, polished all over. Longitudinal
perforation. ‘The upper end is much worn away on one side as if used as a
‘seraper. Length 86mm. Found in No. 48.
_ B. 64. A bird bone. One end has been split off in a slanting direction.
‘The point is polished from use. Length 128mm. Found in No. 46.
_ B. 70. Fragment of polished bone.
|
Dress FAsSTENER—PLATE VII.
| B. 26. Small piece of antler, oval in cross section. There is a central
lateral perforation through the longest diameter. One of the flatter sides
‘is ornamented by incised lines and circles. Theends are flat. Length 22mm.
Diameter of perforation 14mm. At Glastonbury objects of similar form,
|
VOL. XLIMI.—NO. CXLII. G
|
> |
82 An Inhabited Site of La Tene I. Date on Swalloweliffe Down.
but larger and with longitudinal perforations, have been found. This object
was just under the turf between Nos. 56 and 58.
OpseEcts oF IRoON—PLATE XI.
BROOCHES.
C. 36. Iron fibula of La Tene I. type. The arched back is oval in cross
section. The foot comes sharply back at an angle of 35 degrees, to end in
a shallow cup-shaped expansion. ‘The spring is of four coils and the loop
is brought over outside. ‘There is an iron rivet. Total length 92mm.
Found in No. 30 at a depth of 1ft. Gin.
©. 37. Iron fibula of late La Tene I. type. The back is ribbed and the
bow has been flattened. ‘The foot curves back to end in a small and a large
flat disc and is fastened to the back by a thin coil of iron wire. ‘The spring
has been compressed laterally. It has an iron rivet and the loop passes
round the back of the coil. Total length 95mm. Found in No. 37 ata
depth of 1ft. 6in.
Pins—Puate XI.
C.1. Ring-headed pin with bent neck. Length 1l1lmm. Diameter of
ring, 29mm. Average thickness of shaft,4mm. Foundin No.15. A ring-
headed pin with straight shaft was found at Fifield Bavant (W.A.J/., xlii.,
pl. xi., fig. 7). For an exhaustive account of these pins see All Cannings,
p. 129.
C.2. Small ring-headed pin with straight neck and square shoulder.
The point is broken. Diameter of head, 15mm. Length of neck 16mm.
Thickness of shaft, 23mm. ‘Total length, 50mm. Found in No. 43. ‘This
type of pin appears to be derived from, and later than, the swan necks.
C. 3. Swan-neck pin with flat head. ‘Total length 65mm. Length of
head, 1lmm. Width of head, 7mm, Found in No. 41. Dechelette places —
this type in Hallstatt II. A similar pin in bronze has been found at Meare.
See also All Cannings, page 126.
C, 4. Imperfect pin with square eionider The head and part of the
neck are missing. Found in No. 86. Possibly similar to C. 2.
Awits—Puare XI. |
C.5. Awl rounded near the point but otherwise square in cross \
section. The tang is tapering. Length 155mm. Maximum thickness, |
6mm. Found in No. 16. It is possible that some of these awls are worn- |
out files.
C.6. Well preserved iron awl. It has never been hafted. One end is |
slightly bent and the point flattened by use. It is square in cross section. |
Length 140mm. Greatest width 8mm. Found in No. 89. |
C. 7. Awl with rounded shaft and square tang. Length97mm. Greatest
width 5mm. Found in No. 24.
C.8. Similar tool to C. 7 but smaller. The point is missing. Found inj}
No. 98. |
Bit Hook—Puate XI. |
C. 9. Bill hook with folded over socket. It differs from those found at}
|
By B.C. C. Clay. 83
Glastonbury in that the blade makes a gentle curve from the socket and
does not go up straight to form a right angle with the point. There are
several pieces broken off. No rivet holes can be seen; there might have
been one in the missing fragment from the butt. Length 105mm. Greatest
width of blade 87mm. Width of socket 31mm. Found in No. 57.
MISCELLANEOUS OBJECTS OF [RON—PLATE XI.
C. 10. Cleat. Length 30mm. Greatest width 13mm. Found in No.
72. A similar object was found at Fifield Bavant. Their presence here
proves that they were in use several centuries before the Romano-British
period.
©. 11. Similar object. Length 28mm. Greatest width 14mm. Found
in No, 35.
©. 12. Iron rivet with flat circular head. The bolt is cylindrical and
18mm. inlength. Diam. of head 10mm. Diam. of bolt 4mm. Found in
No. 68.
C. 18. Small rivet or hob-nail. Flat head. Found in No. 33.
C. 14. Iron nail with bent shaft which is rectangular in section. Length
in a straight line 24mm. [ound in No, 44.
©. 15. Nail similar to C. 14.
©. 16. Ferrule. External diam. 35mm. Depth 10mm. Thickness of
metal 3mm. Found in No. 41.
C.17. Flat strip of iron expanding towards the ends, with an iron nail
through a hole 10mm. from each extremity. ‘Total length 77mm. Width
at ends 17mm. Width in middle 9mm. ‘Thickness 2mm. Found in No,
38. Possibly a fixing on a wooden shield. A similar object was found at
All Cannings (Pl. XXI,, fig. 11).
©. 18. Similar object. Length 55mm. Width at ends 10mm. Width
in middle 6mm. ‘Thickness 14mm. Found in No. 44.
©. 19. Similar object. Length 50mm. Width at ends 10mm. Width
in middle 8mm. Thickness Imm.
C. 20. Knife with straight edge and slightly convex back, in this respect
resembling the Saxon rather than Early Iron Age types. ‘The tang is flat.
tapers to the end and is slightly curved. The end is flattened antero-
posteriorly as if to prevent its slipping out of the handle. Total length
158mm. Length of blade 62mm. Max. width of blade 18mm. Found in
No, 25.
C. 21. Iron link. External diam. 36mm. Thickness of metal 4mm.
Found in No. 71.
C. 22. Iron link. External diam. 49mm. Thickness of metal 5mm.
Found in No. 80.
C. 23. Object of unknown use, possibly portion of a small bridle bit.
| Length 58mm.
©. 24. Strap shaped piece of iron bent into a ring at one end. Length
| 60mm. External diam. of ring 9mm. Found in No. 35.
C. 25 to C. 85. Various fragments of iron.
| ©. 38 to C. 43. Lumps of iron pyrites with flat broken surfaces showing
| Signs of having been struck by flints to produce fire (Plate XIII).
@ yy)
84 An Inhabited Site of La Tene I. Date on Swallowelifie Down.
OBJECTS oF CHALK.
LooM-wEIGHts—PuatTeE XII.
Loom-weights were found in 35 (38 %) of the 93 pits excavated. They
were all of chalk and none had been hardened by scorching as was the case
at Fifield Bavant. The number of perfect weights, and those in which the
perforation was intact, was 82. ‘The manufacture of loom-weights was no
specialized craft, each man apparently making enough for his own require-
ments, and according to his own pattern. - Without exception the weights
in any one pit were of the same type and the perforations had been made
in the same way. In some they were formed from rough unshaped lumps
of chalk with a hole chiselled out from both surfaces. In others they had
been shaped and carefully smoothed into a roll or pyramidal form with a
perforation bored from both sides or chiselled and then finished by boring.
The shape of 68 weights could be determined. Of these, 20 were pyramidal,
24 roll-shaped, 20 irregular, 2 triangular, 1 discoidal, and 1 pear-shaped.
The perforations were intact in 82, and had been made in the following
manners :—30 by boring only, 34 by chiselling or gouging only, and 18 by
chiselling first followed by boring. In every case they were worked from
Opposite sides. Two weights were holed from side to side through the
greater thickness of the tapering heads. ‘The reason for this is not apparent,
for there must have been a much greater risk of splitting the object. The
shaping was done with a chisel—in one case with a knife—before the
weight was smoothed (see W.A.M., xlii., p. 484). One of the irregular type
showed marks which were probably caused by some form of pick when the
lump was excavated first. In no case was the base flattened so that the
weight could stand upright. Grooves caused by the warp threads were
evident in 21 specimens. Of these 18 ran from the hole towards the top
end of the weight, whilst 3 ran somewhat diagonally downwards (see AJ/
Cannings, 136, and W.A.M., xlii., p. 485).
Pit No. 41, with the exception of its upper fourth, was filled with loom-
weights which had been broken and damaged by the fires that had been lit
on the thin soil above them. The floor of this pit was covered by a layer
of greensand, the object of which was probably to promote drainage, and so
lessen the risk of the weights being damaged by frost. On this layer of
sand was found a spindle-whorl. ‘There were at least twenty-two loom-
weights in No. 45, lying together with an antler weaving comb and part of
a charred upright of a loom. In this case also the floor had a covering of
greensand, thickest on one side. The seven weights in No. 31 were lying
together in a row as if they had been placed there.
SPINDLE-WHoRLS—PLatTE XIII.
Only those objects of chalk that are more or less symmetrical and have a
central perforation of cylindrical shape will be classified as spindle-whorls.
In other words, only those objects of chalk that would be evenly balanced
when securely fixed on a spindle.
D. 9. Circular whorl with slightly convex upper and lower surfaces and
rounded sides. Hole bored from both sides. Max. width 50mm. Max.
depth 27mm. Ext. diam. of perforation 10mm. .
By R. C. C. Clay. 85
D. 10. Nicely-smoothed whorl with nearly parallel surfaces and very
rounded sides. Max. width 51mm. Max. depth 33mm. Ext. diam. of
hole 9mm.
D. 11. Whorl with slightly convex surfaces and rounded sides. The
edges of the latter have been rounded with a knife. Max. width 44mm.
Max. depth 25mm. Ext. diam of hole 8mm.
D. 12. Whorl of similar shape. Max. width 47mm. Max. depth 26mm.
Ext. diam. of hole 9mm.
D.13. Whorl with nearly flat surfaces and slightly rounded sides. Max.
width 41mm. Max. depth 2imm. Ext. diam. of hole 11mm.
D. 14. Whorl with a convex upper and a flat lower surface and very
rounded sides. Max. width 41mm. Max. depth 25mm. Ext. diam. of
hole 9mm.
D. 15. Half of a roughly-made whorl. Width54mm. Max. depth 30mm.
Ext. diam. of hole 11mm.
D. 16. Half of a whorl with one convex and one flattened surface, and
roughly rounded sides. Knife marks are seen all over it. Hole is slightly
countersunk. Width 69mm. Max. depth 22mm.
D. 17. Half a whorl that has been roughly shaped with a knife. Hole
somewhat countersunk. Width 69mm. Max. depth 24mm.
D. 18. Whorl of chalk shaped like a reel of cotton. Max. width 35mm.
Max. depth 27mm. Width at groove 28mm. Ext. diam. of hole 9mm.
D. 20. Roughly-worked disc-shaped piece of chalk with a central per-
foration which is somewhat ear-shaped in cross section, indicating that the
drill was used in a to-and-fro motion. It is probably an unfinished spindle-
whorl.
DRILL STEADIERS!—PLatTE XIII.
These roughly-shaped objects of chalk, with holes, often eccentric, on
opposite sides, and which may or may not meet to form a perforation, are
certainly not spindle-whorls. It has been suggested that they were used as
drill-steadiers, or breast pieces of bow drills. The holes are always conical.
See All Cannings, p. 139, and W.A.M., xlii., p. 487.
D. 19. Roughly circular lump of chalk with a tapering hole on either
side. ‘They do not meet.
D. 21. Irregular lump of chalk with two holes, very conical and not
opposite, that meet in the centre.
D. 22. Flattened piece of chalk with a conical hole commenced on opposite
sides.
D. 23. Similar object.
DD. 24. Roughly-shaped_ piece of chalk with two tapering holes meeting
in the middle.
D. 26. Irregular lump of chalk with tapering holes begun on opposite
sides.
D. 27. Piece of chalk roughly rounded and flattened by knife cuts. There
jis a small hole commenced outside the centre on one side. On the other
| there is a ring and dot mark, as if made with a pair of compasses.
| D. 29. Large piece of chalk, 140mm. X 115mm., with a small tapering
hole on each side.
|
|
|
|
86 An Inhabited Site of La Tene I. Date on Swallowcliffe Down.
Sune BuLtets—Puiate XIII.
Only six sling bullets, all of chalk, were found; but tertiary pebbles,
which on account of their size and shape would have adequately answered
the same purpose, were quite common. These latter must have been col-
lected and brought to the site.
D. 1. Length 49mm. Max. width 33mm. Weight 583 grains. Knife
marks very evident on one side.
D. 2. Length 46mm. Max. width 33mm. Weight 567 grains. Ends
very pointed.
D. 3. Length 483mm. Max. width 28mm. Weight 436 grains.
D. 4, Length 39mm. Max. width 28mm. Weight 376 grains.
D. 5. Length 42mm. Max. width 26mm. Weight 331 grains.
D.6. Length 37mm. Max. width 26mm. Weight 325 grains. One end
flattened. Shows many longitudinal scratch marks.
Ossects or UNKNown Use—Ptuate XIII.
D. 7. Cheese-shaped object of chalk. The sides are perpendicular to
the base, but the upper surface is not parallel to the lower. In transverse
section it is an exact circle. There are marks scratched by some sharp tool
on all surfaces. It is not an unfinished spindle-whorl and may bea weight.
Diam.38mm. Average height20mm. Weight 667 grains. Found in No, 68.
D.8. Piece of chalk roughly shaped and slightly hollowed on the upper
surface. In many respects it is similar to a miniature lamp of the Grime’s
Graves type, but it is too small for sucha use. Greatest length 40mm.
Average depth of sides 20mm. Depth in centre 14mm. Found in No. 63.
A small fragment of flint broken off from the too] that was used to hollow
out the centre is still embedded in the object. Probably it is unfinished.
D.25, Piece of chalk, roughly rectangular, with a perforation countersunk
on both sides. Length 60mm. Width 37mm. Depth 27mm. Possibly a
weight.
D. 28. Heart-shaped piece of chalk with a countersunk perforation near
one edge. An amulet? :
D. 30. Irregular piece of chalk with marks scratched by some sharp ~
implement on all surfaces.
OpsEcTs of Ctay—Puate XIII.
E. 1. Spherical ball of baked clay partly perforated with a hole 4mm in
diameter. Found in No. 11. Diam. of ball 26mm. Depth of perforation
19mm. Similar objects have been found at Glastonbury, Meare, All
Cannings, and Fifield Bavant. Probably the head of a pin.
EK. 2. Spindle-whorl (?) of baked clay in the shape of a truncated cone.
The base is flat, but the top is cupped. There is a perforation, bored from
the base. This is so small that no spindle made of wood could have been
used. On the other hand it may have been a weight. Height 28mm.
Width at top 17mm. Width at base 85mm. Found in No. 60, Similar
whorls have been found in the Highfield pits (Blackmore Museum) and at
Park Brow, Sussex (Antiquaries’ Journal, vol. iv., No. 4, p. 857). Abroad |
similar objects have been discovered at Troy. Col. Hawley suggests that |
it might have been the wick-holder of alamp. A similar shaped specimen |
By B.C. C. Clay. 87
of baked clay, but unperforated, was found inside an incense cup. An
ornamented whorl of similar type came from Wollishofen, on the Lake of
Zurich (Munro’s Lake Dwellings of Hurope, Fig. v., Nos. 15 and 16). From
Ham Hill a whorl of clay differs from ours by having a straight neck.
E. 3. Lump of pure clay that has been rolled into a ball, in the same
way that a glazier rolls up a piece of spare putty. Impressions of the finger
tips are seen all over the object. Average diameter 40mm. Found on the
floor of No. 32.
EK. 4. Similar object but smaller, Average diameter 12mm. Found in
No. 52.
OBJECTS OF STONE.
The absence of flint tools was very striking. Although we were always
on the look out for such objects, our total finds consisted of fifteen flakes
and a rough strike-a-light found lying close to a piece of iron pyrites that
had evidently been used. ‘The flakes can be divided up into two categories,
patinated and unpatinated. The former are broad, with a dirty white
colour, slight lustre, blunted edges, minute “ quicksilver” spots of polish,
and no iron staining. They are without doubt the older of the two. The
latter are of a mottled dove colour, without lustre, sharp at the edges,
spotted with polish and without iron staining. They are made from very
inferior, badly flaking material, obviously surface flint. These may
be contemporary with the site. The early La Tene people of South-
West Wilts were not flint users. It may be objected that they fabricated
their implements at some spot away from this village, but even so they
would have brought home the finished scrapers, knives, and so on. The
two hundred tools of iron, bone, and bronze that we found were probably
lost, and then, no doubt, searched for. If the inhabitants had been users
of flint, they would surely have lost twenty flint awls for every iron one,
and very likely would not have taken the trouble to try to find them again.
Much of the downland near by is under cultivation, and after weeks of
search over many miles of it I have found but a dozen flint implements
worth picking up. North of the downs on the long greensand terrace,
| there are many “camping grounds” of flint-using peoples. There the
_ implements are all very lustrous and the material of good quality. With
_ some exceptions, these sites are of Bronze Age date. At Hengistbury a
| large number of flint artifacts were found at those spots where the greatest
_ numbers of fragments of type A pottery occurred. “A number of flakes”
| were discovered in the Early Iron Age pits at Winklebury by Gen. Pitt-
tivers. An arrow head and many flint tools were obtained from the pits
in Worlebury Camp. Several flint tools were found at Glastonbury and
many more at Meare. Lately Mr. A. L. Armstrong has found in a Hallstatt
squatting place over a mine at Grime’s Graves flints that are without doubt
of that date. Communities in different districts at any one time may have
lived under different conditions, especially at a date when there were many
influxes of foreigners on the south coast. The people of this village on
_Swallowcliffe Down used bone tools, and we found them: they used bronze
| tools and we found them: they used iron toolsand we found them. There-
fore we can infer that, if they had used flint tools, we should have found
;
f
:
ad
|
‘|
|
|
88 An Inhabited Site of La Tene I. Date on Swallowcliffe Down,
them. ‘he neighbouring and contemporary village at Fifield Bavant
yielded only two scrapers and a few flakes.
Fifty-five whole, or fragments of querns, were found, and all, without
exception, were of the early or saddle type. ‘They were made of green
sandstone. At All Cannings a similar absence of querns of the rotary type
was noticed. Several of the latter were found at Highfield and a few at
Fifield Bavant.
Hammerstones were not numerous. Half of them were of flint and the
others of sandstone.
Many beautiful examples of rubbers and whetstones were discovered.
Some of them were so smooth that a modern razor could be ground on them.
OBJECTS oF WooD—FIGURED ON PAGE 63.
A triangular piece of charred oak 33in. thick, with two parallel flat
surfaces. Length 104in. Width at base 74in. — Pierced near the point by a
tapering hole, measuring 24in. X 2in. at its widest end. A worked pole of
14in. diameter was lying close by. Probably the top of an upright of a
loom. Found with twenty-two loom-weights, a weaving comb, and three
grooved metatarsals of sheep on the floor of No. 45.
My thanks are due to Mr. F. W. Brickell and Mr. H. Mounty, for per-
mission to excavate the site: to Mr. C. W. Pugh, for making the excellent
drawings of the objects: to Mr. Wilfrid Jackson, M.Sc., Professor Sir
Arthur Keith, F.R.S., Mr. H. Beck, F.S.A., Mr. A. H. Lyell, F.S.A., and
Professor Sir R. H. Biffen, for their .reports: to Mrs. Cunnington, the
authoress of All Cannings Cross, and the authors of The Glastonbury Lake
Village, for much information and guidance: to Mr. 8S. Kerley and Mr. W.
Young, for their skilful assistance in the excavations and valuable help in
the restoration of the specimens ; and last, but not least, to those willing
helpers who cheerfully did the “ filling in.”
_ The whole of the objects found during the excavations of this site have
been given to the Society’s Museum at Devizes, and are now on view there.
REPORT ON THE GLAss BEADS FOUND AT THE SWALLOWCLIFFE Down
VILLAGE SITE.
By Horace W. Beck, F.S.A. Plate VII.
The three beads found in your village are all different, but appear to be
all of Cobalt glass.
The bead with the eyes (F. 1) appears to be of the same glass as the
darker one of the other two. It is of a type found at Arras, in Yorkshire.
I think there is no doubt that it is a true stratified eye bead—that is to
say, the eyes are made by first putting on a white patch and then a blue
spot in the centre, on the top. I tested it by examining it with a very
strong light and found that the bead was distinctly more opaque inside the
By R. C. C. Clay. 89
eyes than outside, which would not have been the case if the white of the
eyes had been pressed in as aring. It is difficult to decide if it is stratified
or impressed by examining whether the white goes under the blue, as in
many impressed eyes the blue is decidedly undercut by the white, as shown
in the following rough diagram.
WHITE.
PA
BLUE.
Sections of Stratified and Impressed Ring Eye Beads. 4.
The dating of these beads is very difficult as in many cases the records of
the finds are so fragmentary, but in most cases they are of Karly Iron Age
date. The only ones I actually know for certain from England are those
from Arras, some of which I believe to be stratified, although associated
with some impressed eye beads. I think it highly probable that a careful
examination of local museums would reveal others. I have some extremely
like yours from the Somme (a chariot burial), from Ticino, in Switzerland
(Iron Age remains, I believe), and one from Kertch in the Crimea—one of
a string said to have been found together and which suggests a date of 400
—500 B.C. ‘This bead was much more corroded than yours, but that does
not mean that it was necessarily earlier. The finest bead of this type that
I know is a much larger one with exactly similar rings, made of the same
glasses, which comes from Syria. ‘This bead, I think, is about 400—500
B.C.
The dark plain bead (F. 2) is, Ibelieve, of the same date and material as the
eye bead. Such beads were found in almost all the above cases with the
eye beads.
The lighter blue bead (F. 3) is of a different kind of glass and I cannot
place it definitely, but I have little doubt I could if I had more time. It
has an entirely different kind of corrosion from the others and is made in a
primitive manner. The colour is not the same but the corrosion and
structure of the glass is similar to some I have from South Hungary. I
see no reason why it should not be of the date of your village, but I should
not like to say more of it until I have had time to make a more prolonged
search.
The fourth bead (F. 4) is of the same type as the third and I should think
REPORT ON THE CHARCOALS. By ARTHUR H. LYELL, Esq,, F.S.A.
_ I have examined a quantity of the charcoal found in the pits and have
identified the following species of woods :—
| Oak (Quercus robur).
Mountain Ash (Pyrus aucuparia)
1 Hawthorn (Cratzgus oxyacantha).
90 An Inhabited Site of La Tene I. Date on Swalloweliffe Down.
Hazel (Corylus avellana).
Holly (Ilex aquifolium).
Willow (Salix alba).
REPORT ON THE MOLLUSCA.
By A.S. KENNARD, Esq, A.L.S., and B. B. Woopwarp, Esq., F.L.S.
Vitrea crystallina (Mull).
Arion. sp.
Hygromia hispida (Linn.).
Helix nemoralis (Linn.).
This list is too small to say anything as to the climate or environment,
but the example of Hygromia hispida is not the woodland form.
REPORT ON THE GRAIN. By Pror. Sir R. H. BIFFEN.
There are two undoubted grains of wheat in the material you sent me,
but I cannot place the form with any certainty. The smaller pieces are
broken grain and a fragment of the ear stalk.
REpPoRT ON THE Human Boness.
By Srr ArtHur Kerra, F.R.S., Conservator of the Museum, The Royal
College of Surgeons of England.
These are (1) frontal bone of aman. Its greatest width is 124mm., least
width of forehead 97mm., supraorbital width 107mm.—indicating a robust
skull of quite average size. ‘There are (2) the right and left parietal bones
of a young person and (3) the upper half of the left humerus of a man of
medium stature and with muscles of moderate strength.
REPoRT ON THE ANIMAL REMAINS FROM THE ANCIENT VILLAGE SITE
AT SWALLOWCLIFFE Down, WILTs, oF LA TeNnE I. DATE. By J. WILFRID
Jackson, M. Sc., F.G.S8., Assistant Keeper of the Manchester Museum.
The amimal remains obtained by Dr. R. C. C. Clay from the above site
have been submitted to me for examination and report. They consist of
numerous limb-bones, fragmentary skulls, jaws, and teeth of various domestic
species used for food by the inhabitants of the village. The animals repre-
sented are the same as those reported on last year from a similar site on
Fifield Bavant Down,! viz., Celtic Pony, Celtic Ox, Sheep, Goat, Pig, and
Dog. In addition to these domestic forms there are a few remains of wild —
species, viz., Water Vole and Badger, and Dr. Clay reports the occurrence |
of worked and unworked tines and antler-fragments of Red and Roe Deer.
Among the Ox remains there is an interesting example of a hornless skull,
this being the second occurrence to be reported from Wiltshire. The first. :
specimen (and probably the earliest appearance of polled oxen in Britain) |
1 Wilts Arch. Mag., vol. xlii., 1924, pp. 492—3.
ee ee
By R. C. C. Clay. 91
was found by Mrs. Cunnington during the excavationsat the Hallstatt Village
site at All Cannings Cross.!. A skull with rudimentary horn-cores was also
met with in the somewhat later Prehistoric Iron Age site at Glastonbury,
Somerset.?
The affinities of the various animals represented at Swallowcliffe Down
with those at Fifield Bavant Down, All Cannings Cross, and the Glastonbury
Lake Village, are very close indeed, and as all four villages are earlier than
the Roman occupation in Britain, there is no trace of Roman influence on
the breeds of the various species.
Owing to the imperfect state of many of the remains, it has not been
possible to obtain full measurements.
Horse (Celtic Pony). This animal is represented by two metacarpals,
two metatarsals, a radius, an imperfect pair of lower jaws, and some loose
incisors. The metacarpals measure 199 and 204mm. in length, with mid-
shaft widths of 28.5 and 32mm.: the metatarsals are 240 and 260mm. in
length, with mid-shaft widths of 26 and 30mm. respectively. They indicate
small-sized animals of the Exmoor Pony type, of about 12 hands in height,
as at Fifield Bavant, All Cannings Cross, and Glastonbury. The radius
has a maximum length of 291mm., and the full tooth-row in the lower jaws
measures 165mm. in length. ‘The latter is slightly longer than a lower jaw
found at Fifield Bavant.
Crettic Ox. ‘len imperfect skulls, several loose horn cores, lower jaws,
and limb-bones belong to oxen. They are all of the small Celtic Ox type
(Bos longifrons). ‘The metacarpal bones (9 in number) range in length
from 162 to 175mm. ; the metatarsals (11) range from 185 to 218mm. Both
series agree closely with those found at Fifield Bavant, All Cannings Cross,
and Glastonbury, and, together with the other limb-bones, indicate small
_ animals similar to the Kerry cattle. ‘lhe lower jaws comprise several adult
_ and young examples with milk teeth. Most of them agree with the series
|
|
!
|
|
|
from Glastonbury and elsewhere in the possession of the normal six cheek-
_ teeth; but one example is of interest in possessing only five teeth, the
first premolar being absent, as was the case in several of the Glastonbury
| jaws. In another of the Swallowcliffe jaws, the last molar, M3, consists of
_ two columns only, and thus resembles M2. The full six teeth are present
in this jaw. ‘Two of the five-toothed examples from Glastonbury show an
_ almost complete suppression of the third column, or talon, in M3. ‘The
jaws from Fifield Bavant and All Cannings Cross possessed the normal
| six teeth. The loose horn-cores from Swallowcliffe are quite typical of
| Bos longifrons. By far the most interesting specimen among the ox
| remains is an imperfect skull with no trace of horn-cores. Nine other
| skulls are present, but all are imperfect, and consist chiefly of frontlets
1 The Early Iron Age Inhabited Site at All Cannings Cross Farm,
Wiltshire. By Mrs. Cunnington, Devizes, 1924. (Report on the Animal
Remains, by J. Wilfrid Jackson, pp. 483—50 and Pl. 52.)
* The Glastonbury Lake Village, vol. II., 1917, p. 653, and Pl. XCVIL,
figs. 1—3.
_ 3See my paper in Annals and Magazine of Natural History, ser. 8,
i vol. xv., March 1915, pp. 291—295 ; also Glastonbury Report, 1917, p. 654,
92 An Inhabited Site of La Tene I. Date on Swalloweliffe Down,
with horn-cores. It is interesting to note that none of the skulls have been
split down the middle, as was the case with most of the Glastonbury
specimens. The following table of measurements of the ten skulls may be
useful for future reference.
Frontal. Skull. Novi 2-338 4025 65 7218 BeOe a0
Least width between
horns! 188 186 140 135 140 144 158 141 164 148 M.M.,
Maximum bi-orbital
width 183 181 — 176 — — 206 — — — ij
Length from poll to
centre of line joining
upper margins. of
superciliary foramina 110 113 — 102 105 — 119 — 109 — ,,
Length from poll to
centre of line joining
upper margins of
orbits 127 133 — 122 — — 144 — — — ‘3
Occiput.
Width between infra-
cornual notches 101 118 102 101 107 108 128 104 110 113 nn
Height of supracristal
part of occiput 36 989 735 27 -3l--42 48° 36 939-41 cf
Greatest width across
occipital condyles 838 80 — — — —~ —~ ~ — — ,,
Lower border of fora-
men magnum to occi-
pital crest 103° 99. 99) — eS eee -
Greatest width of occi-
put S14 — = SS eS zi
All the ten skulls possess an occiput deeply notched by the temporal
fossae, as in the examples from Fifield Bavant, All Cannings Cross, and
Glastonbury. In this feature they resemble the skull of an ox from the
Roman Military Station at Newstead, Melrose, figured by Professor Ewart.?
The polled skull No. 1 is not of the flat polled type, but has a conspicuous
mesial prominence, or “intercornual” ridge. ‘The forehead is uneven, with
a slight bulge at the centre, and low lateral ridges, as in the polled skull
from All Cannings Cross. The supracrystal part of the occiput projects
beyond the crest and overhangs the occiput proper, the mesial portion is
excavated. ‘The infracristal part is too badly damaged for detailed exam-
ination. The forehead in the other nine skulls varies slightly, in Nos. 3, 4,
5, and 9, the mesial frontal prominence is somewhat flattened, but in the
remainder it is quite as well-marked as in No. 1. The horn-cores are all
short, and somewhat flattened, curving outwards, forwards, and slightly
downwards or upwards, except in No. 9. In the latter, the horn-cores are
1 In No. 1 between position of horns in normal skulls. This and many ~
of the others= Pitt-Rivers’ points of measurement.
2 J.C. Ewart, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1911, p. 271, text-fig. 84.
® “aps /4 |
CY
Ss) AY Wy |
® 5 Hi
|
|
® Oo ue ee
® ®
® 6 ® ® @®
© © |
0) ® u
® ®Oo ® :
@ 2 |
@ @ ® @© 8
. 2 ®
® ii @ 4
> °
& |
®
@ © |
® @ ® ® @,
@ ® iS) a @
© eo 96 ® |
o® oa 5 ®
x © 8 addrTOMOTIVANS |
© a
Sie
® S Se
Ws =
eh WS =
YS =
WO =
os =
\\ Ss =
Aitting FINN =
UTS =
MA fis
THB OLD SALISBURY TO SHAFTESBURY ROAD
@ ruev
”
Plates “Plan of Pits.
Swallowcliffe Down.
¢
"989 MA 03 ISCH ie
anbs $
SINITA SRVOTA aluv3 AVI
B1adNy wiviD AWLiva
% 2eV3Sd
-_ 9
Cros O°
or
(4
’
®
%
a
PII Tp 4
APSEN gud
Is:
Wy gy 53
dy iy gf asa
ty
|
|
|
ji
|
|
[!
|
Swallowcliffe Down,
Sections of Pits,
Plate III._—Plang a nd
Plate 1V.—Pottery Vessels.
Swallowcliffe Down.
—
Plate V.—Pottery Vessels. Swallowcliffe Down.
IOS CSOIIAS EIS
Ii
OY
a
Oy
OS
ASN
Ine
LEE
LOOOO"*K
nea
CORN e,
Plate VI.—Pottery Vessels. Swallowcliffe Down. +
p “UMOCT OFLMOT!VMG UO spf WoIy syal'GQ— TTA a7e[q
Sa
Prick ers
Ui OES A Sc i Na CO Ne
1
2
Swallowcliffe Down.
Plate VITI.—Bone Implements.
1
)
2
Swallowcliffe Down.
ombs, &e,
Bone Weaving ©
—
Plate IX.
1
2
Swallowcliffe Down.
Plate X.—Bone Objects.
Gr wee ---
Sg Ds
eg ee GEES.
Santas aOR
6
Es
alt
2
iffe Down.
Swallowel
bjects.
Plate XI.—Iron O
3
Swallowcliffe Down.
—Chalk Loom- Weights.
Plate XII.
Plate XIII.—Spindle Whorls, &c.
See ee ee
Swallowcliffe Down.
al
2
By &. C. C. Clay. 93
acuminate and directed somewhat backwards. The supracristal part of the
occiput of this skull overhangs considerably the occiput proper, and its
mesial portion is only slightly excavated : in all the other skulls the mesial
portion is more deeply excavated, and the degree of overhang is somewhat
less. Unfortunately none of the skulls retains the anterior portion, so that
it is not possible to ascertain if short premaxillae are correlated with the
notched type of occiput, as was found to be the case in the Glastonbury
material. |
SHEEP. Numerous bones, lower jaws, and skull fragments with horn-
cores (both young and old) belong to this animal. One horn-core (cut at
the base) agrees closely with Series B of Glastonbury and with the large
type from All Cannings Cross, ‘The other horn-cores appear to be younger
examples of the same type. All seem referable to the large-horned sheep,
known as Studer’s Sheep (Ovis aries studerv), met with in the Swiss Lake-
dwellings, and in various Neolithic deposits, Roman camps, and Romano-
British villages in Great Britain. This type is represented at the present
time by the almost deer-like sheep living on Soya Island, near St. Kilda.
The lower jaws from Swallowcliffe agree with those from Fifield Bavant,
All Cannings Cross, Glastonbury, etc. The limb-bones show the same
agreement, especially the metacarpals and metatarsals. he former range
in length from 113mm. to 121mm.; the latter, from 118mm. to 135mm. ;
both series are slender in the shaft.
Goat. The goat is represented by several typical] horn-cores, broken off
the skulls. One or two show cut-marks at the base and appear to have
been trimmed for use as handles of knives or other instruments. Similar
remains were obtained at All Cannings Cross.
Pic. This animal is represented by limb-bones (some young), fragmen-
tary upper and lower jaws, and a few loose canine teeth. ‘These agree with
_ the “Torfschwein” or palustris race of Sus scrofa of the Swiss Lake
_ Dwellings, as at All Cannings Cross, Fifield Bavant, etc.
__ Doe. The remains referable to this animal consist of a fairly complete
_ Skull, the palatal fragment of another, and several lower jaws. The skull
_ has no saggital crest, it being probably that of a female. It is somewhat
_ smaller than that obtained at All Cannings Cross, but is of the same general
type. The tooth-row measures 57mm., and is interesting as including a
| Supernumary molar, M. 3, on the right side, with normal dentition on the
left. The palatal fragment indicates a slightly larger skull, and the tooth-
| row has a length of 63mm. The lower jaws show some variation in size,
_ but do not lend themselves to full measurement.
| Warer Vots. This animal is represented by three imperfect skulls and
a lower jaw. Similar remains were met with at Fifield Bavant, All
Cannings Cross, and Glastonbury.
Bapcer. The anterior portion of the left ramus of a lower jaw with
teeth belongs to this animal.
94
A PAGAN SAXON CEMETERY AT BROADCHALKE.
By R. G..C. Cray, M.R.C.S., LR.C.P., F.S.A5 Fav Ad.
This small Saxon cemetery is situated by the side of Church Bottom
JLane, at the foot of Knighton Hill, Broadchalke, 400 yards south-east of
the Church, and at a height of 80ft. above the level of the River Ebble.
It was brought to my notice by Mr. Sidford, of the Manor Farm, who had
disturbed a skeleton at a depth of 1ft. 3in. whilst digging chalk from the
pit at the side of the sunken road. During the last two years scores of
cartloads of chalk have been removed. In February, 1924, Mr. Weeks
found five skeletons, one of which was pronounced by Dr. Adeney to be
that of a young person of about 16 years. They were lying roughly north
and south and no objects were noticed with them. ‘There is a village
tradition that one hundred years age there were some spearheads in the
loft over the old Rectory and that the village boys used to play with them.
It is very likely that they were Saxon weapons which were unearthed when
the chalk pit was commenced near the present gateway. All trace of them
is now lost.
This burial ground was on the end of a long strip lynchet, a type classified
as Saxon by Mr. Crawford, and the soil had been ploughed within the last
century. In every case the graves were roughly-cut cists in the top layers
of the chalk. ‘here were no surface indications of them. ‘They were at
uneven depths, varying from Ift. 3in. to 4ft. 2in. below the present turf
line. ‘This difference in depth of the graves corresponded with the difference
in depth of the top soil, due chiefly to silting from the edge of the “ positive”
lynchet above. Apparently the Saxons dug down until they reached the
hard chalk and then made a rough cist, never really large enough to hold
the extended body, which was afterwards crammed in with the head fully
flexed so that the chin touched the chest. ‘here was no alignment or
uniformity about these graves and an apparent lack of reverence, as in
several instances former interments had been disturbed, the skeletons cut
through, and the bones thrown aside when fresh burials took place. During
our excavations we came to the limits of the cemetery on all sides and
found nineteen more skeletons, which, with the six others of which we have ~
record, brings the total to twenty-five. 4
There was no fixed orientation, the skeletons lying in all directions and |
in all attitudes: some on their sides with the knees nearly touching the
chin, the majority, however, extended on the back with the arms in various ~
positions, but the head usually bent forward on to the chest and the legs
touching or crossing at the ankles. One had an iron shield boss on the left
shoulder and an iron spearhead on the right. Some had spearheads only, |
and there were no ferrules. Others had iron knives over the left hips, as —
if they had been stuck in a belt or girdle. In grave No. 13 the iron buckle
of a belt was found over the right side of the pubis and an iron knife,
blade downwards, on the left iliac crest. Without exception every grave |
15
Scale ] inch=15 feet
Plate I.—Plan of Saxon Cemetery, Broadchalke.
Plate II.—Iron objects from Saxon Cemetery, Broadchalke,
and Barrow, Ebbesbourne.
A Pagan Saxon Cemetery at Broadchalke. 95
contained several burnt or unburnt flints and pieces of iron pyrites lying
alongside or close above the skeletons. These must have been purposely
placed there, probably as part of some burial rite.
These people must have been very poor, for no brooches, beads, or other
ornaments usually associated with Saxon cemeteries were discovered. ‘This
prevents our knowing for certain who they were, whether Jutes or Angles,
but we can safely suggest that they were of the former race who came by
way of Southampton Water and advanced up the Meon valley and so to
Harnham Hill. The Saxons did not like Salisbury Plain and all the recorded
burials in South Wiltshire, whether in cemeteries or as secondary interments
in barrows, have been on the edge of it. From the evidence at our disposal
we can at any rate ascribe this Broadchalke cemetery to the Pagan Saxons
at a date not later than 500 A.D.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE BURIALS.
{I am indebted to Sir Arthur Keith for the description of the bones.
For objects see Plate II.]
No. 1. Lying on right side, slightly crouched, head to north, Depth of
cist 1ft. 6in. Iron spearhead (fg. 4) and knife (Fg. 6), ‘lying on top of the
body.” I did not see this skeleton am setu. Lower jaw of man, aged about
40. The chin is well developed, square, the ascending ramus rises almost
at right angles from the body and has a high tongue-shaped coronoid process.
No. 2. Iixtended on back with head to west. Head fully flexed. Arms
and legs extended. Depth of cist 2ft. .No objects. A man about 40 years
of age and about 5ft. 5ins. in height. Big-headed, small faced, not robust.
No. 8. Head to south. Lying on back with head bent forward and to
left, mouth widely opened, right hand on hip, left slightly away from body,
legs parallel. Depth of cist 1ft. 5ins. Iron spearhead on top of left
shoulder. A man of about 60 years of age, Neolithic shape of skull and
about 5ft. 6ins. in height.
No.4, Remains of a skeleton disturbed by plough, thorax and most of
_ skull missing. IFemora parallel and pointing to east, legs flexed at knees
| and pointing to north. Corroded piece of iron at level of shoulders. Depth
of cist 8ins. Imperfect lower jaw of an aged women with peaked chin,
| intense atrophy of the teeth sockets and non-development of wisdom teeth.
| No.5. Lying on back with head to south, chin on left shoulder, hands
| meeting above pubis, legs extended. Bones very much decomposed. Iron
| spearhead (Fig. 5) on top of right shoulder, iron shield boss on left. Depth
of cist 1lins.
| No. 6. Extended on back with head to south, chin on right shoulder,
| arms by side, thighs slightly flexed at hips, legs flexed at knees to right
angles. Depth of cist lft. llins. Iron knife over left iliac crest. Part of
| lower jaw of a girl of about 9 years of age. ‘Teeth perfectly sound but with
, threatened crowding of lower incisors which have just come into position.
No. 7. Extended on back with head to west, legs crossing above ankles,
| chin on right shoulder, left arm by side, right forearm across abdomen.
| Depth of cist 1ft. 8ins. No objects. Lower jaw of man, about 50 years of
\age. The chin is slightly prominent but square, the ascending ramus is
stout and almost vertical.
\
|
|
96 A Pagan Saxon Cemetery at Broadchalke.
No. 8. Incomplete skull and portions of ribs 1ft. 3ins. deep. There was
a cist but it had been disturbed previously and the bones replaced in a heap.
No. 9. Lying on left side with head to south, face looking due west,
left hand on hip, elbow away from side, right elbow against side, hand
touching left elbow, hips flexed to 45 degs., thighs parallel, right and left
legs flexed at knees to angles of 60 and 90 deg. respectively. Depth of cist
2ft. lin. No objects.
No. 10. Extended on back with head to west, chin on chest, left elbow
by side, forearm across abdomen, right arm by side, legs meeting at ankles,
Depth of cist lft. 3in. No objects. This woman was buried after No. 11
and to avoid disturbing the latter the legs were placed at a higher level
than the rest of the body. Her knees were close to the shoulders of No. 11
but not so deep. Half the mandible of a woman of uncertain age. The
femur measures 410mm., her stature being about 5ft. She was particularly
slender in build, the upper incisor teeth overlapping the lower.
No. 11. Lying on left side with head to north east, chin on left shoulder,
right elbow by side, forearm across abdomen, left humerus away from side,
the elbow fully flexed so that the hand was on a level with the shoulders of
No. 10. Pelvis crushed flat with the heads of the femora widely apart,
legs extended and meeting at ankles. Depth of cist 2ft. 8ins. No objects.
A woman of about 30 years of age and of stout build. She, too, had an
overlapping bite.
No. 12. This skeleton had been cut through when No. 13 was buried.
The bones of the legs and feet were side by side and not disarticulated.
Depth of cist 1ft. 4ins. An iron knife (Fig. 8) was lying where the
shoulders should have been.
No. 18. Extended on back with head to south-west, chin on right
shoulder, right arm by side, left arm close to body, forearm across abdomen,
legs touching at ankles. Depth of cist 2ft. 3ins. An iron buckle was on
the right ilium (Fig. 9) and an iron knife (Fig. 7) blade downwards, over
the left iliac crest at the same level. A man of about 60 years of age and
about 5ft. 64ins. in stature, with Romano-British type of skull.
No. 14. Lying extended with head to south west, left arm by side, right
elbow close to body, forearm across chest, legs meeting at ankles. Skull
damaged by plough. Depth of cist 8ins. No objects. Fragment of the
lower jaw of a woman of about 50 years of-age.
No. 15. Half turned on the left side with head to west, chin on left
shoulder, left elbow by side with forearm fully flexed and wrist under left
collarbone and hand fully flexed at wrist, so that the fingers pointed towards
the feet, right elbow by side with forearm across abdomen, legs slightly
flexed at hips and knees. Depth of cist lft. 10ins. No objects. A man
about 5ft. 9Yins. in stature, about 30 years of age, with overlapping bite and
a peak-shaped chin. Ascending ramus stout and upright, teeth perfect.
Extremely stoutly built.
No. 16. Extended with head to west, arms by sides, legs touching at
ankles, chin on chest. Depth of cist 2ft. 5ins. No objects. Lower jaw of
elderly woman. The chin prominent, squareand shelving. The ascending
ramus slender and obliquely placed.
By RB. C. C. Clay. 97
No. 17. Lying extended on back with head to south-east, chin on
sternum, right arm by side, left arm by side with hand half closed and
inverted as if it had grasped the wooden (?) handle of the small iron knife
that was lying blade upwards on the left iliac crest Depth of cist
1ft. 10ins. Lower jaw of an old woman. The wisdom teeth have never
been formed. ‘The chin is peak-like and not prominent. Three molars
and a premolar have been lost from disease.
No. 18. Extended on the back with the head to the south west, chin on
left shoulder, right arm by side, left elbow close to body with forearm fully
flexed and fingers under the chin, legs meeting at ankles. Depth of cist
1ft. 9ins. No objects. A child of about 34 years old. The milk teeth are
free from disease and only slightly worn.
No. 19. Lying on left side with head bent backwards and to the north-
east, arms flexed at the elbows with the left hand under the chin and the
right wrist crossing the left, both knees drawn up, the left one more so than
the right. Depth of cist 4ft 2in. Noobjects. When this body was buried
they must have used a former cist and have taken out the previous skeleton
and scattered the bones around, for in the filling were fragments of human
skull, arm, and leg bones. A youth of about 14—15 years of age, under 5ft.
in stature. The teeth are free from disease and the wisdom teeth still
unerupted.
No. 19a. Fragment of the lower jaw of an oldish woman. Abscess at
roots of a molar and adjoining premolar tooth.
| REPORT ON BONES FROM SAXON GRAVES,
| By Sir Arthur Keith, Conservator of the Museum, Royal College of
| Surgeons, England.
| A survey of the contents of the graves shows that we are dealing with
the burial ground of a community. Both sexes are represented. There is
| part of the lower jaw of a child between 3 and 4 years of age, another of a
| child—a girl—of 7 or 8 years, a lad of 14—15 years, parts of seven women
of various ages, and of seven men, also of various ages, but none of them
jrealiy old. In the general report is given a brief description of the bones
from each grave. Although I have assigned a sex identification to each, in
‘several cases the identification is by no means certain.
_ I should trespass beyond the limits of a report were I to set down the
numerous detailed measurements I have made on the bones submitted to me
by Mr. Clay. Here I propose to deal with only the main issues of my ex-
hmination. What are the objects of such studies as these? For my part I
want to identify in our living population the survivals from the Saxon burial
olaces. I also wish to ascertain if we can identify in these Saxon graves
sypes which we meet with in English graves of a pre-Saxon date, survivals
bf the Romano-British and earlier inhabitants of England. We study Saxon
emains to ascertain more fully what kind of people these early Saxons
leally were. Hence I turn at once not to the average size of the Saxon
kull, jaw, and thigh-bone, but to the human types we find in these graves.
| The most complete representation of a skeleton is that from grave 2. ‘The
H ‘OL. XLITI.—NO. CXLII. H
——-
a
|
|
98 A Pagan Saxon Cemetery at Broadchalke.
man found in this grave was about 40 years of age and 5ft. 5ins. in stature,
not robust and strong, but the opposite. Many of his features are effeminate.
He reproduces characters which one can identify amongst men living round
us. His head is large; the volume of his brain I estimate at 1600cc., about
120cc above the modern average. ‘The vault is particularly high, rising
126mm. above the ear passages: it 1s wide, 147mm., the width being main-
tained as the sides of the skull rise towards the roof. It is of good length,
193mm., the forehead and occiput both rising almost vertically towards the
dome-shaped roof. Although the occiput rises nearly vertically the skull :
is not brachycephalic: the width is 762 % of the length. The shape, the
dimensions, and their proportions are those so often found amongst Saxons.
The forehead is of good width, 100mm. the greatest frontal width 120mm.
When we turn to the face we find those characters which we associate
with people who are living on a modern dietary. ‘The supra-orbital ridges
are not robust : the supraorbital width is only 103mm.—3mm. more than the
minimal width of the forehead. The face in comparison with the skull
itself, is of small size, its total length being 117mm. and its greatest width
(bizygomatic) 129mm.; the cheek bones being neither prominent nor strong.
The nose and upper face are of moderate length, the former being 68mm.,
the latter 47mm. The nose is of rather less than moderate length and
narrow, its width being 23mm. ‘The chin is prominent, passing 15mm. in
front of the alveolus for the incisor teeth, where the mandible is placed base
downwards on a horizontal surface. The upper jaw is somewhat broken and
some of the teeth have been lost, but there is every reason to believe that
at death this man retained in a sound condition every one of his thirty-two
teeth: there is not a trace of caries and he was certainly 40 years of age.
The teeth, too, are coated with masses of tartar. The incisor teeth tend to
project forwards, a condition which is not uncommon in Saxon skulls:
their bite was overlapping, as is the rule in modern English mouths, and ~
there is a slight degree of crowding of the lower incisors. These are con- —
ditions we do not meet with amongst primitive races. The parts to which
the muscles of mastication were attached are weakly developed and the
crowns of the teeth are but little worn. In this community we meet not a _
robust strong-limbed warrior, but a big-brained man who may well have
been statesman, philosopher, poet, or clergyman.
From grave No. 11 came the skeleton of a woman who presents features
of an opposite kind. In age she was .between 30 and 40, stoutly made and
particularly robust in tooth and jaw. The oblique height of her femur
was 418mm., so we may infer that her stature was about 5ft. 14ins. The ~
length of her skull was 184mm., its width 140mm., the height of the vault |
120mm. The width was thus 76:1 % of the length—the same proportion |
as in the man just described ; a common Saxon ratio. The cranial capacity |
may be estimated at 1447cc., a large head for a woman, the minimal width |
of the forehead 98mm., the greatest frontal width 120mm. She retained |
all her teeth, free from disease and only slightly worn. ‘The face is strongly |
made, its total length being 115mm., its greatest (bizygomatic) width |
132mm. The nose was of medium length (46mm.) and narrow (23mm.). |
Her incisor teeth tended to project and did not meet edge to edge but |
|
By h. C. C. Clay. 99
overlapped. Her chin was prominent but it formed asingle rounded
elevation, the “ prow” form of chin as contrasted with the wide, prominent,
square, shelf-like or flange-chin. We shall allude presently to these con-
trasted forms of chin, both being represented amongst this Saxon people :
intermediate forms are also present.
In only two other graves were skulls sufficiently preserved to indicate
the form of head. In No.3 the calvaria was preserved: it is light and
thin-walled ; that of a man of about 60 years of age or over. ‘The upper
part of his thigh bone was also kept ; enough to show us he was of medium
stature perhaps about 5ft. 6Gins. We have also his lower jaw, the teeth
being deeply worn in the crowns. He had strongly marked supra-orbital
ridges, yet the ascending ramus of his lower jaw was narrow and weakly
developed, showing that his muscles of mastication were not strong. Not
one of his teeth had been lost from disease ; the incisors were somewhat
crowded together and on the right side his third molar had never developed.
His incisors met in an edge-to-edge bite. His chin was not prominent,
projecting only 7mm. in front of the alveolar border and was of an inter-
mediate form. In the region of the chin or symphosis the lower jaw was
shallow, measuring only 29mm. His skull was long, 193mm., but narrow,
138mm., the width proportion being 71°5. In form this skull would not be
out of place in an English Neolithic cemetery. The height of the vault
was 116mm. and the cranial capacity 1450cc. ; somewhat below the average.
In No. 13 was found the calvaria of a man: the lower jaw found in the
same grave, by itself, might be taken to be that of a woman, but I have little
doubt actually belongs to the skull. The thigh bone is also somewhat
intermediate in its sexual characterization. The oblique height of the femur
is 466mm.,indicating a stature of 5ft. 64ins.: from the skull and jaw we can
infer his age to have been about 60 years. ‘The calvaria has the dimensions
and form of a type which is common in graves of the Romano-British period
having a constriction crossing the forehead between the supra-orbital ridges
below and the frontal eminences above. It has a flat dome: the length of
the calvaria is 185mm., its width 145mm. ; the width proportion being 78'4.
The height of the roof is about 115mm., and the cranial capacity 1443cc.
The frontal bone is wide, 129mm., although its minimal width on the fore-
head is only 97mm. ; the supra-orbital width being 107mm. ‘The chin is
of the flange or square form and prominent, its eminence lies 18mm. in
front of the alveolar border when the jaw is laid base downwards on a table.
In this man the third molar or wisdom teeth were absent : they had never
been developed. Only one tooth had been lost from disease in the lower
jaw, the first molar on the left side, and yet he was an aged individual.
The condition of the teeth in this Saxon cemetery is remarkable. Al-
| together there are the lower jaws of seventeen individuals; three of them
| being juveniles. Of the fourteen adult jaws, seven are of men and seven of
women, four of these having been already mentioned in the above description.
Of the fourteen, seven retain their original complement of teeth ; in three
a single molar has been lost from disease; in two, a premolar and a molar
_ have been lost from the same cause; in one, three teeth have been lost, and
in another, five teeth. In only one jaw was actual caries observed. Atrophy
H 2
100 A Pagan Saxon Cemetery at Broadchalke.
of the alveolar border, probably from pyorrheea, was noted in five: in all
there was tartar adherent to the necks of the teeth, showing that the healthy
condition of the teeth was not due to the use of anything of the nature of a
tooth brush. There was not a single edentulous person. The average age
of the adult man and woman I presume to be under 50 years. In eight
jaws a tendency was noticed to crowding or irregularity of the lower incisor
teeth. Injthree jaws the wisdom teeth had failed to develope on both sides ;
in one on one side only. In at least five the modern or overlapping bite
was present. From these characters it is inferred that this community of
Saxons came of a stock whose ancestors had long been living under easy
conditions of life with a plentiful supply of food.
Perhaps no feature of the face of a certain proportion of the British
people is more noticeable than the chin, a wide, square shelving, prominent
chin. I had, perhaps on inadequate grounds, supposed that this feature
was a character of the pre-Saxon British. In four of the seven men from
this cemetery the lower jaw at its symphysis is 35mm. or more in depth,
each having the form of chin mentioned above. In one woman this was
also the case. It looks as if a prominent square chin was also a common
feature of the Saxonface. The “ peaked ” prominent chin was well marked
in four, three of them women. The angle at which the ramus rose from the
body varied ; in some it rose almost vertically ; in others, as is so often the
case in modern faces, it sloped upwards and backwards.
Only five thigh bones were complete. In Saxon cemeteries we always
meet with some large-boned men of particularly robust build. Inthis case
there was one man (No. 15) of this type; the oblique height of the thigh
bone was 487mm., indicating a stature of 6ft. 9ins. His tibia had a total
length of 400mm., both bones were robust, the degree of flattening in the
upper part of the shaft of the femur being indicated by the figure 71°4, the
side to side flattening of the tibia by 615 On the other hand some of the
women were slenderly formed and of a small stature. The woman buried
in grave 10 was ultra feminine, her thigh bone being 410mm. in height, in-
dicating a stature of 5ft. The lower end of the tibia from No. 15 showed
a plainly marked squatting facet.
REPORT ON THE MOLLUSCA FROM THE BOTTOM OF THE GRAVES.
By A. S. Kennarp, Esq., F.L.S.
Arion sp.
Vallonia excentrica (Sterk).
Hygromia hispida (\.inn.).
Helix nemoralis (Linn.).
Helix aspersa (Linn. ).
Vertigo pygmea (Drap.).
Cecilianella acicula (Mull.).
From this series one may say that the climate was similar to that of the
present day and that the country was open with possibly scrub growth. It
has not a woodland character.
By B.C. C. Clay. 101
I am indebted to Major Jeans, the owner of the site, for permission to
excavate, to Mr. Sidford for drawing my attention to it, to Sir Arthur
Keith for his report on the human bones, to Mr. Kennard for reporting on
the mollusca, to Mr. Kerley for his assistance during the excavations, and
last but not least to Mr. Pugh for his drawings of the objects.
The whole of the objects are now in our Society’s Museum at Devizes.
A PAGAN SAXON BURIAL AT EBBESBOURNE WAKE,
By R. C. C. Cray, M.R.C.S., L.R-C.P., F.S.A., F.R.A.L
Workmen laying a pipe line from the reservoir on the top of Barrow Hill
to Cleave Cottages on the south, cut through an extended skeleton at a spot
100 yards down the slope. The head was to the north. On the left
shoulder was an iron boss (fig. 1), and three circular iron ornaments for
shield (jig. 2). When I arrived most of the bones had been removed, but
I widened the trench at this place and exposed the right arm and found an
iron spearhead (fig. 3) on the shoulder. There was no ferrule. Depth of
cist 1ft. 6in. I could find no other graves in the vicinity.
REPORT ON THE Bonss by Sir ARTHUR KEITH.
Body of lower jaw of a man, first molar on the right side destroyed and
neighbouring premolar attacked by caries. Upper half of a strong thigh
bone. Stature about Sft. 9in. Age about 50 years. Tibia 398mm. long,
diameters at nutrient foramen 43mm, and 28mm. Well-marked squatting
facet at the lower end of tibia.
My thanks are due to Mr. Burrows the owner of the site, to Sir Arthur
Keith for his report, and to Mr. Pugh for the drawings.
102
WILTS OBITUARY.
Walter Hume Long, 1st Viscount Long of Wraxall,
died Sept. 26th, 1924, aged 70. Buried at West Ashton. B. at Bath, July
13th, 1854. Eldest son of Richard Penruddocke Long, of Rood Ashton and
Dolforgan (Montgomeryshire), and the only daughter of the Rt. Hon. W.
Wentworth Fitzwilliam Hume Dick, of Humewood, Co. Wicklow. In 1867
his father succeeded to the Wiltshire estates and came to live at Rood
Ashton. Educated at Harrow and Christchurch. Married, 1878, Lady
Dorothy Blanche Boyle (always known as Lady Doreen), fourth d. of the
ninth Earl of Cork. He began political life as Conservative member for
N. Wilts, and during his life he represented seven different constituencies :—
N.Wilts, 1880—85 ; Devizes (East Wilts), 1885—92; W. Derby (Liverpool),
1892—1900 ; Bristol South, 1900—1906 ; S. Dublin, 1906—10 ; Strand, 1910:
—18; St. George’s, Westminster, 1918—21. He succeeded his father at
Rood Ashton in 1875 at the age of 21. His eldest son, Brig.-Gen. Walter
Long, C.M.G.,D.S.0., late 2nd Dragoons,was killed in action in 1917, leaving,
by his marriage with the eldest daughter of Lord Derwent, one son, Walter
Francis David, born in 1911, who succeeded as 2nd Viscount. Lord Long’s
second son, Capt the Hon. R. E. O. Long, and his second daughter, the Hon-
Mrs. W. G. Cooper, survive him. The eldest daughter, wife of the Rt. Hon.
G. A. Gibbs, of Tyntesfield, died in 1920.
In 1886 he was made Parliamentary Secretary to the Local Government.
Board, and in 1895 President of the Board of Agriculture, with a seat in
the Cabinet. It was while holding this office that he carried out that Dog
Muzzling Order and the consequent extirpation of the scourge of rabies in
England, with which his name will always be honorably connected. ‘‘ Those,”
says The Times, “ who remember the violent agitation, by no means confined
to the less instructed members of the community, the campaign of the
Canine Defence League, and the petition with 80,000 signatures demanding
the minister’s dismissal from office, will recognize how great is the debt
which the country owes to Walter Long’s courage and sense of duty.” He
held the same office again after 1900 and afterwards became Chief Secretary
for Ireland, where he was “ undoubtedly the most successful Chief Secretary
since Mr. Balfour.” In 1911, when the leadership of the opposition in the
House of Commons obviously lay between Mr. Long and Mr. Austen
Chamberlain, both magnanimously stood aside and put forward Mr. Bonar
Law as leader instead. In 1915 he was again President of the Local Govern-
ment Board, and in 1916 Colonial Secretary and afterwards First-Lord of
the Admiralty, resigning in consequence of ill-health in 1921. Asa sportsman
he was especially devoted to cricket and to hunting. The Wilts Yeomanry
owed him a great debt; he joined it in 1876 and commanded the regiment
from 1898 to 1906. He became a Privy Councillor in 1895 and was raised
to the peerage in 1921. He succeeded Lord Lansdowne as Lord Lieutenant
of Wilts. Throughout his own district, round Trowbridge, he was known
Wilts Obituary. ; 103
by everybody as “ The Squire,” and the universal respect and affection with
which he was regarded by all classes, whatever their politics might be, was
shown in the heading of the Weltshire 72mes, “ Wiltshire in mourning for
‘the Squire.’” He was by common consent regarded as a typical example of
the country gentleman at his best, both in his own county and in the House
of Commons. “He will be chiefly remembered,” said Zhe Zumes, “asa
man who, though playing a notable part in politics for some forty years,
proved himself incapable of a single mean or unworthy action.” ‘ He was,”
said Mr. Asquith, ‘‘the Jeast selfish of mankind. He devoted all that he
had and all that he was capable of giving, which was much, from the
beginning to the end of an honourable and strenuous public life to the good
of his country.”
All the London papers contained long obituary notices, especially 7’he
Times of Sept. 29th, and the Daily Telegraph, Sept. 30th (by the Rt. Hon.
T. P. O’Connor), reprinted in the Weltshire Times of Oct. 4th, which had
also good portraits of “The Squire,” “ The late Lord Long and Master David,
the new Viscount,” “The new Viscount,” and a View of Rood Ashton
House, and three photographs of the funeral. The Wiltshire Gazette had
a very long notice on Oct. 2nd, with three portraits and other appreciations
and reminiscences, on Oct. 9th.
He was the author, amongst other things, of the following :—
The Business Man and his Empire: an Address. Article in Zhe
British Dominions’ Year Book for 1918.
The Secret Service and Communism. JAineteenth Century, Feb.,
1922
Why we should concentrate on the Empire. Jbid, Oct., 1922.
The Conservative Party. Jbid, Feb., 1923.
The Prospects of Agriculture. Zhe Financial Review of Reviews,
June, 1923.
Memories. By the Rt. Hon. Viscount Long of Wraxall, F.R.S.
London. Hutchinson. 1923. 8vo, cloth, pp. xv., + 380. Twenty
illustrations. (Reviewed in all London and Wiltshire papers.)
A Memoir of Brigadier-General Walter Long, C.M.G., D.S.0O.,
with Portraits. Printed for private circulation. London.
John Murray. 1921. Cloth, 8fin. x 53in., pp. vil. + 77. [Only a
portion of this Memoir was by Lord Long.
_ Canon William Caldwall Masters, died August 19th,
| 1924, aged 80, buried at Stanton Fitzwarren, s. of the Rev. John Smalman
| Masters, b. Nov. 25th, 1843. Magd. Coll. Oxon., B.A., 1865, M.A., 1869,
| Deacon 1866, Priest 1867 (Rochester). Curate of Hitchin 1866—69 ; Curate
_ of Tring and Vicar of Long Marston 1870—85, Rector of Stanton Fitzwarren
| 1885, until his resignation in 1919, when he retired to live at Clifton. Hon.
| Canon of Bristol 1912. He was one of the first members of the Advisory
Committee for Churches in Bristol Diocese and up to a short time before
his death was actively engaged in its work. He leaves behind him at
| Stanton Fitzwarren a very remarkable memorial in the shape of the screen,
j reredos, and many other fittings of the Church designed and carved entirely
104 Wilts Obituary.
by his own hand, all of it of quite unusual excellence for amateur work. He
also presented a wooden pastoral staff to Bristol Diocese—a fine example
of his work. He married, 1870, Ellen, d. of the Rev. John T. C. Ashfordby-
Trenchard, of Stanton Fitzwarren. He leaves two sons, John T. OC.
Masters, of Blunsdon, and W. A. H. Masters, the architect, and one
daughter. He was greatly respected and beloved.
Obit. notices, Waltshire Gazette, Aug. 28th; Bristol Times and Mirror,
Aug. 26th, 1924, and a very sympathetic “ In Memoriam ” article by Arch-
deacon R. T. Talbot in Bristol Diocesan Review, Sept., 1924.
He was the author of :—
Some Notes on the Ancient Church of St. Leonard, Stanton
Fitzwarren, Wilts: and otherwise. Printed by A. R. Mowbray
& Co., London and Oxford, 1913. 4to. cloth, pp. viii. + 49 + 1. Six
Plates. Price 4s.
Christian Architecture, two addresses, dedicated to the
Right Rev. George Forrest Browne, late Bishop of Bristol.
Pamphlet, 93 x 74in. [1916] pp. 35. ‘T'wo illusts. Price 1s. 6d.
The Soldier and the Cross, an address by Canon Caldwall
Masters, Rector, on Sunday, January 23rd, 1916, at the
dedication of the Churchyard Cross St. Leonard, Stanton
Fitzwarren. Pub. by Morris Bbros., Swindon. Pamphlet, 62in. x 4:in.,
pp. 12. Price 6d.
Major Arthur Thomas Fisher, died Dec., 1924, aged 81,
s. of T. R. Fisher, M.R.C.S., of Frewen Hall, Oxford, educated at Harrow.
Ist Batt. 2nd Queen’s Royal Regt., 1864 ; exchanged to 21st Hussars, 1870.
Served in India and at home. Retired 1883, when he married Esther Y.
Apperley, d. of Col. Will. Wynne Apperley, of Morhen, Mongomeryshire.
He lived first at Romsey Nursling, then at Broad Chalke, finally settling
at Bemerton in 1895, and living there until his death. He held many
public posts; Hon. Sec. of the Salisbury Museum for over 20 years, Hon.
Sec. of the Wilton Hunt for 17 years up to 1922, and for many years Hon.
Treasurer of Soldiers’ Welfare Board for Diocese of Salisbury, a member
of Wilton Board of Guardians, Chairman of the Bemerton Parish Council,
Treasurer of S. Wilts Archery Club, and Founder and Hon. Sec. of the
Salisbury branch of the Royal National Lifeboat Institution up to the time
of his death. During his time the branch contributed over £5,000 to the
Institution. In his younger days he won many steeplechases, and drove
his regimental four-in-hand. He shot and fished up to within a month or
two of his death, which was due to an accident.
He was the author of :—
Through the Stable and Saddle Room.
The Farrier.
Rod and River.
Outdoor Life in England.
And was a contributor of articles to many sporting magazines and papers.
Obit. notice, Wiltshire Gazette, Jan. 1st, 1925.
Wilts Obituary. 105
Charles Garnett, died Sept. 16th, 1924, aged 54, after an operation
for appendicitis. Buried at Arnside, Westmoreland. S. of W. Garnett, a
large Lancashire cotton manufacturer, of Low Moor, Clitheroe, b. Jan.,
1870. Educated at Uppingham (1884) and Pembroke College, Cambridge,
B.A. and M.A. He entered Lincolns Inn and was admitted as a barrister
1894, and practiced for some years. He hunted with the Beaufort Hunt
several years before he finally bought the fine old house known as Great
House, at Kington Langley, about 1909, and after adding largely to the
building and re-modelling its interior, had lived there until his death.
“Quiet and unassuming, Mr. Garnett was extremely generous, and always
handsomely supported any good cause. To the poor people he was a
philanthropist—the person who had a genuine case was never refused.”
A strong Conservative he had been asked to stand for the Chippenham
division, but declined. He was an alderman of the County Council and
Served on many committees. He was High Sheriff in 1922, and J.P. for
Wilts 1919, took a prominent part in Church matters, and indeed in all
sorts of public institutions and causes in the Chippenhham neighbourhood.
As a sportsman he had been a notable oarsman in his younger days, was
well known in the Beaufort Hunt, and as a fisherman, but in one branch
of sport, and that one of the oldest in England, he was especially dis-
tinguished ; he was one of the leading spirits of the small band of practical
and expert Falconers who still fly their trained hawks on the Plain or the
Marlborough Downs. He married Miss Clare Pennington, of Cheshire,
who, with their two children, Christopher and Barbara, survive him. He
was greatly esteemed round Chippenham.
Obit. notices, Waltshire Gazette, Sept. 18th ; Waltshire Times, Sept. 20th,
1924,
Mrs. J. W. Clark. Died suddenly July 26th, 1924. Buried
| at London Road Cemetery, Salisbury. Daughter of John Bidwell, of
| Salisbury, married 1885, J. W. Clark (Messrs. Clark & Lonnen). J.P. for
| the city, 1922, one of the two first women Justices. Connected all her life
_with the Brown Street Baptist Church, for some years Treasurer of the
| Salisbury branch of the Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children,
Secretary of the British Womens’ Temperance Association, and actively
/concerned with many other charitable and philanthropic institutions.
_ Portrait and obit. notice, Salisbury Times, Aug. Ist, 1924.
\bridge, 1841. In early life he spent many years in the counting house of
Messrs. Stancomb, Bros., cloth manufacturers. A Congregationalist, he
_|was associated with the Tabernacle as a bible class teacher and local
‘preacher for 56 years. He was President of the Wilts and East Somerset
Congregational Union, and had been President of the Trowbridge and
District Free Church Council. He was for 16 years the organising secre-
vary of the Trowbridge Chamber of Commerce, the existence of which was
jargely due to his energy. He was a prominent Freemason.
| Good portrait and obit. notice, Wiltshire Times, Aug. 16th, 1924.
| John Chapman. Died Aug. 12th, 1924,aged 82. Born at Trow-
Hf
}
ly
106 Wilts Obituary.
Rev. Andrew Pope, died Oct. 17th, 1924, aged 80. Buried at
Much Marcle (Heref.). Trin. Coll., Camb., B.A. 1866, M.A. 1870, Deacon
1867 (Worc.), Priest 1868 (Heref.) ; Curate of Cusop 1867—73; Vicar of
Preston-on-Wye with Blakemere (Heref.) 1873—80; Diddlebury (Salop)
1880—90 ; Upton Bishop 1890—1910; Rector of Langley Burrell 1910 ;
and Rector of Tytherton Kelloways. 1913, until his retirement in 1919.
George Davis, died Sept. 24th, 1924, aged 59. Buried in London
Road Cemetery, Salisbury. Born at Bristol, began life as solicitors’ clerk
with Messrs. Hodding & Jackson, of Salisbury. Started business on his
Own account, 1900, as auctioneer and house agent. Member of the Town
Council from 1913 until his death. A very prominent Oddfellow, in which
order he held very high rank. Churchwarden of St. Thomas. He was
partly responsible for starting the “ Wiltsand Dorset Motor Services.” He
was an “extremely valuable member of the Corporation.”
Obit. notice, Salisbury Times, Sept. 26th, 1924.
Capt. Leonard Durnford Pinckney, O.B.E., of the
P. & O. SS. Mantua, died suddenly at Port Said, Oct. 23rd, 1924, aged 55.
Second son of John Pinckney, of Great Durnford Manor. Educated at.
Dr. Burney’s, at Gosport, and in the training ship Conway. During the
war he was in command of the Somali, at first as a troopship, and later as a
hospital ship, conveying wounded from Gallipoli to Maltaand Alexandria,
and afterwards to England. Later on he commanded the P. & O. SS.
Khyber taking troops to Canada, repatriating Belgian refugees, and bring-
ing back English prisoners from Rotterdam.
Obit. notice, Wiltshire Gazette, Oct. 30th, 1924.
Thomas Edward Redman, died Nov. 27th, 1924,aged 74.
Son of T. H. Redman. Born 1850. About 1865 learned the bacon curing
business under his uncle, George Harris, of Calne, and became manager and
secretary of “ Messrs. Charles Harris & Co.,” and afterwards of the amalga-
mated firms, retiring in 1907, when he went to live at Shawford. He was
Mayor of Calne, 1880 and 1890. J.P. 1898.
Obit. notice, Wiltshire Gazette, Dec. 4th, 1924.
| Henry James Horton, died Sept. 1st, 1924. Buried at Hisey.
Born at Down Ampney, s. of Henry Horton. J.P. for Wilts 1912, a Com-
missioner of Taxes for the Cricklade Division, Guardian and Rural District
Councillor, and Chairman of the Assessment Committee. He lived most
of his life at Cricklade but latterly at Eisey Manor,where he had built up a
large agricultural business, first as tenant and then as owner, “ Mr.
Horton could be said without a doubt to be the best known agriculturist
in Wiltshire, more particularly on the dairying side of the industry.” It |
was in connection with the National Farmers’ Union that he was chiefly |
known. “Of that organisation he can well be said to have been the |
‘Father’ in this part of the country.” He believed in co-operation and |
gave his whole energies to make the Union a success. He was the first |
Chairman of the County Executive. “ With what conspicuous ability he |
Wilts Obituary. 107
filled the position is known to every delegate,” and when at last he was
1
1]
|
i
|
q
allowed to resign, the office of President was created especially for him,
that he might still be in touch with the organisation. Upon the milk
trade he was one of the greatest authorities in England, and in the contest
between the wholesalers in London and the producers in Wiltshire, he was
given a free hand to fight the case for the latter. ‘“ Mr. Horton was in a
position to tell the wholesalers that he had but to raise his finger in
Wiltshire and ten per cent. of the whole of London’s milk would not be
put on train.” On his resignation of the chairmanship of the Union he
was presented with three silver salvers in appreciation of his long and
valued services. Mrs. Horton died two years ago. ‘heir three sons,
Charles at Kisey, Robert at the Manor Farm, Broad Hinton, and Henry at
Wilsford, are all on large farms, which by their fathers’ will now become
their own property.
Long obit. notice, Wiltshire Gazette, Sept. 4th, 1924
Rev. Mills Robbins, died suddenly Dec. 21st, 1924, s. of Frederic
Robbins, of Spitalcroft, Devizes, partner in the Southbroom Brewery.
Educated at the Chancellor’s School, Lincoln, 1888, Deacon 1889, Priest
1890 (Winchester), Curate of Hook (Hants) 1889—92 ; Arreton (I. of W.)
1892—95 ; Yorktown (Surrey) 1895—98; Vicar of West End, Chobham,
Surrey 1898 until his death. He always kept up his connection with
Devizes and the county of Wilts, was for many years a regular attendant
at the meetings of the Wilts Arch. Soc., and was never absent from the
dinners, etc., of the Association of Wiltshiremen in London.
Obit. notice, Wiltshire Gazette, Dec. 24th, 1924.
He was the author of :—
Gleanings of the Robins or Robbins Family of England with
lithograph of armorial window and other engravings. Devizes,
C. H. Woodward, 1908. For private circulation only. _ Cloth 84in. x 54in.,
pp. 114. Four illustrations. [This is the 2nd Edition of “ Gleanings
of the Robins Family,” issued 1880, with some additional matter].
Rev. Geoffry Hill, died Jan. 1st, 1925, aged 78. Buried at
Kast Harnham. Born Oct. 6th, 1846, at Coombe Bissett. Son of Rev.
Richard H. Hill, Vicar of Britford, one of a family of sixteen, of whom five
became clergymen. Educated Magdalen College School (of which his elder
brother, Rev. Dr. Richard Hill, was headmaster) and Exeter Coll., Oxon.
B.A. 1870, M.A. 1877, Deacon 1877, Priest 1878 (Edinburgh). Curate of
St. James’, Leith, 1877—78; Abbey Hill Mission, Edinburgh, 1879—80 ;
|St. John’s, Edinburgh, 1180—83 ; St. Columba, Edinburgh, 1883—88 ;
_Dioe. Super., Edinburgh, 1888—91; Vicar of East Harnham, 1891, until
his death. He never married. In politics he was a pronounced Liberal, a
fisherman, a keen cricketer, and musician, well known in the neighbour-
hood of Salisbury.
Long obit. notice and good portrait in Salisbury Times, Jan. 9th, 1925.
He was the author of :—
Wiltshire Folk Songs and Carols, collectedand Edited by the Rev.
108 Wilts Obituary.
Geoffry Hill, M.A, Vicar of East and West Harnham, Salis-
bury. The music edited and arranged by Walter Barnett,
FS.A. W. Mate & Sons, Bournemouth [1898]. 4to., wrapper, pp. 23.
[9 songs, all sung in a village near Salisbury. The music taken down
from the mouths of old men].
The Dioceses of England,a history of their Limits from the
earliest times to the Present Day. London: Eliot Stock, 1900.
Demy 8vo. 10 maps. Cloth. 12s.6d. [Reviewed Spectator, Ap. 21st; —
Speaker; Athenexum; Notes and Queries, May 12th, 1900.]
The aspirate or the use of the letter “H” in English, Latin,
Greek, and Gaelic. London: T. Fisher Unwin. 1902. pp. viii. +
151. Cloth. 3s. 6d. net.
Some Consequences of the Norman Conquest. London: Eliot Stock.
1904. Demy 8vo. pp. ix. + 251. 7s. 6d. net.
The Influence of the Norman Conquest upon the Invasion of Eng-
land. Antequary, July, 1904. pp. 208—212.
Cerdic’s Landing Place. Salisbury: Brown & Co. [1911]. Pamphlet
8vo. pp. 24. Price 1s. 6d. [An enlargement of a paper read at the
meeting of the Wilts Arch. Society at Salisbury and printed in Salisbury
Journal, July 18th, 1908.]
Mrs. J. C. Hudson, died January 16th, 1925. Buried in London
Road Cemetery, Salisbury. Daughter of Dr. Hugh Miller, physician, of
Glasgow, came to Salisbury on her marriage in 1908. Active during the
War in Queen Mary’s Needlework Guild, and one of the hostesses at the
Guest House, on the Canal ; Governor and member of Committee of the
Infirmary, and the Town Council Committee on Child Welfare ; hon.
treasurer of the Women’s Liberal Association. She had recently been ap-
pointed J.P. for Salisbury, but had never sat on the bench owing to ill-
health. She was a member of the United Free Church of Scotland. By
her kindness and devotion she had endeared herself to a wide circle, and
her death was felt as a real loss to the city.
Obit. notice, with good portrait, in Salisbury Times, Jan. 23rd, 1925.
Brig.-Gen. Frederick Hopewell Peterson, CB,
D.S.O., died suddenly, Jan. 25th, 1925, aged 60. Buried at Berwick
Bassett. For the last three years he had lived at Parsonage Farm House,
Winterbourne Monkton. He joined the Yorkshire Regiment, 1885 ; captain
1896; commandant of the 32nd Sikh Pioneers; Sikkim Expedition 1888
(medal with clasp); Hazara 1891 (clasp); Relief of Chitral Fort 1895
(despatches, D.S.O.,with medal and clasp) ; Tibet 1903-4 (despatches, medal
and clasp); Abor Expedition 1911-12 (despatches, Brevet-Colonel, medal
and clasp).
Harry Poole, died Jan. 27th, 1925, aged 74. One of five brothers,
all born in Malmesbury, who became afterwards the famous showmen and
proprietors of Poole’s Myriorama, which travelled England in the nineties
of the last century. At one time the brothers had nine companies on the
Wilts Obituary. 109
road. The whole of the scenery for these extensive shows was painted in
Malmesbury. They made the Colston Hall, Bristol, their chief centre.
They were the originators of the Bioscope, the forerunner of the Cinemato-
graph. He had of late years lived at “ Bloomfield,” Malmesbury, but took
no prominent part in local affairs. He leaves a son, Stanley, and daughter,
Doris.
Obit. notice, Wiltshire Gazette, Jan. 29th, 1925.
John Moulton, died Jan. 30th, 1925, aged 85. Buried at Christ
Church, Bradford-on-Avon. Born Sept. 7th, 1839, at Bradford. Youngest son
of Stephen Moulton, educated at Bradford and Pembroke Coll., Oxon., M.A,
Oxon. Called to the Bar at Lincoln’s Inn,1864. Married, 1866,Alice Blanche,
d. of Rev. Thomas Coney, of Braywick Grove, Berks. His eldest and only
surviving son, John Coney Moulton, is in the Far East. His second son,
Lieut. Eric Moulton, was killed in the war in 1916. J.P. for Wilts. 1894 ;
High Sheriff in 1917. He was chairman of the local bench from 1911 to
1922, and represented Bradford on the County Council for many years
until 1919, and was chairman of the Urban District Council from 1904 to
1913. Throughout his life he was a most generous benefactor to the town
of Bradford. The purchase of Westbury House, the provision of the Public
Baths, and of the Drill Hall for the Territorial Detachment, the Church
_ Institute, the Curate’s Augmentation Fund, the new Organ at the Parish
Church, were only a few of the public or parochial matters in which he was
| the prime mover or chief donor. He was the president of almost every
| society and organization in the town, and was in every way the leading
_ townsman of Bradford. The great rubber business of G. Spencer Moulton
_ & Co. was founded at Bradford in 1848 by Stephen Moulton, who settled
_ in Bradford from America. Dying in 1880 the business devolved on his
_ sons, Alex. and Horatio Moulton, after their deaths their brother, John
_ Moulton, succeeded as chairman in 1893. From 1894 the business of the
_ firm increased rapidly until it now has over 700 employees.
Long obit. notice, with good portrait and view of the Hall, in Wiltshire
; Times, Feb. Tth, 1925.
John Turton Woolley, died Feb. 11th, 1925, aged 70. Buried
at Romsey. Born at Loughborough (Leics.), s. of W. J. Woolley, solicitor.
Educated at Haileybury College. Farmed at Rodmaston (Gloucs.) and
Stockton from 1875 to 1883, when he set up in Salisbury as auctioneer,
_ estate agent, and land valuer. The business, “ Woolley & Wallis,” extended
with branches at Romsey, Fordingbridge, and Ringwood. About fifteen
_ years ago he went to live at Spursholt, near Romsey He was president of
the Auctioneers’ and Estate Agents’ Institute, 1914, and was one of the
founders of the Hants, Wilts and Dorset Branch. He was secretary of the
_8S. Wilts Chamber of Agriculture from 1884 to its end, two yearsago, when
a silver salver was presented to him in appreciation of his services. He
was on the Town Council of Salisbury for three years, and for many years
_churchwarden of Fisherton Church, and was keenly interested in the
Church Missionary and Bible Societies. A cricketer and Rugby footballer.
| He leaves three sons and three daughters.
Obit. notice, Salisbury Journal, Feb. 13th, 1925.
110 | Wilts Obituary.
Rev. Herbert Ault, died Feb. 12th, 1925. Buried at Canford
Cemetery. Lichfield Theolog. Coll., 1873. Deacon 1875, Priest 1876
(Lich.). Curate of Hednesford, 1875—79 ; Chaplain of Sharpness Docks
and Curate of Berkeley, 1879—86 ; Vicar of Bishopstone (N. Wilts), 1886
—1i916; Rural Dean of Cite kladle, 1910—1913 ; Chaplain to Bristol
Diocesan Refuge and Training Home, 1916—1921.
Obit. notice, WV. Wilts Herald, Feb. 20th, 1925.
Edward Slow, died Feb. 16th, 1925, aged 83. Buried at Wilton
Cemetery. He had rendered valuable service to Wilton all his life. He
was one of those who were instrumental in obtaining a new charter in 1885,
and became a member of the Corporation in that year, and, except fora
break of three years (1887—90), he remained a member of it, as a councillor
and afterwards alderman (1893), until he resigned in 1924. He was mayor
in 1892 and 1905. He was formerly the owner of the Wilton Carriage
Works, at Ditchampton, but had long since retired from the business. A
prominent Churchman and Conservative. He represented Wilton on the
management of the Wiltshire Friendly Society for many years. He was
interested in antiquarian matters and was a member of the Wilts Arche-
ological Society ; doing what he could to help the society when occasion
served. He was, however, best known in Wiltshire and beyond its borders
as a writer of stories and “ Khymes” (the title he himself gave to his
writings) in the Wiltshire dialect, and as such he will be long remembered.
Indeed in South Wilts he stands alone in this. His output was prolific
and his dialect was the real thing. He was one of the very few educated
Wiltshiremen (in his case self-educated) who could speak and write the
dialect of his own county. ‘To him it came naturally as a living language.
Obit. notices,Salisbury Journal, reprinted in Wiltshire Gazette, Feb. 26th ;
Salisbury Times, Feb. 27th, 1925.
He was the author of :—
Harvest Home at Wilton. Pamphlet.
Poems in the Wiltshire Dialect. By the Author of ‘Harvest
Home at Wilton.” Printed and Published by Alfred Chalke,
Wilton, and E. W. Allen, 11, Ave Maria Lane, London, 1867.
Rhymes of the Wiltshire Peasantry and other Trifles. F. A.
Blake, Salisbury, and E. Slow, West End View, Wilton, 1870.
Wiltshire Rhymes, a series of Poems in the Wiltshire Dialect.
Never before published. London: Simpkin, Marshall, & Co. ~
Salisbury, Fred. A. Blake. 1881. Boards, cr. 8vo, pp. vii. + 143. —
Price Ls.
The Fourth Series of Wiltshire Rhymes containing twenty-five
new Poems in the Wiltshire Dialect, never before published,
also a Glossary of some words now used in Wiltshire and
adjoining Counties. Salisbury, F.A. Blake. Wilton, E.Slow, |
West End, 1889. Boards, Cr. 8vo, pp. 128. 33 Poems. Price 1/6.
The Fifth Series of Wiltshire Rhymes and Tales in the
Wiltshire Dialect, never before published. Wilton, E. Slow.
Salisbury. R. R. Edwards, Gillingham, James Rideout & Co.,
Wilton Printing Works. [1894 or 5]. Cr. 8vo, pp. 156. |
Wilts Obituary. 111
Wiltshire Rhymes with Glossary, new issue, 1898. Cloth 8vo,
pp. 250. 3/6 net. 33 Poems. Cheap edition of 200fthe Poems. 8vo,
pp. 128, 1/6 net.
Humourous West Countrie Tales. By the Author of Wiltshire
Rhymes. Salisbury, R. R. Edwards. [1899]. Cloth, Cr. 8vo,
pp. 147. [Two or three of these stories had been already published in
pamphlet form].
West Countrie Tales containing Ben. & Nancy Sloper’s Good
Fortune, &c., . . .-. Salisbury, R. R. Edwards, [1902].
Pamphlet, Cr. 8vo., pp.31. Reprinted from Salisbury Journal, Oct. 25th,
1902. Price 6d.
Humourous West Countrie Rhymes containing Tha Wiltshire
Moonrakers, &c. . . . Salisbury, R. KR. Edwards. [1902].
Pamphlet, 16mo, pp. 36.
Humourous West Countrie Tales, No 2, containing Tha Pedigree
Vowls and tha Lunnen Shearper, &c. . . . Salisbury, R. R.
Edwards. [1906]. Pamphlet, 64in. x 44in., pp. 30. Price 6d.
Voices from Salisbury Plain or Who’s to blame? a dialogue on
the Franco-Prussian War, between Willum and Jeames (Wilt-
shire Labourers). By the Author of ‘‘ Poems in the Wiltshire
Dialect.” London, Simpkin, Marshall & Co. Salisbury, Fred
A. Blake. Pamphlet, 16mo, pp. 20.
Glossary of Wiltshire compiled by E. Slow., Wilton. Printed
by the Wilton Printing Works. 1892. Pamphlet, 7+in. x din,
pp. 12.
Tha Parish Council Bill. [1894]. Pamphlet, 12mo. Reprinted from
The Weekly Record.
Smilin’ Jack: a True Stowry of a Midnight Adventure. Printed
atthe Wilton Printing Works. [1894?]. Pamphlet, Tin. x 43in.,
pp. 6.
Bob Beaker’s Visit ta Lunnen ta zee tha Indian & Colonial
Exhibition. R. R. Edwards, Salisbury. Pamphlet. 12mo. pp.
13. [A prose story prefixed to more than one local almanack for 1896.]
Aunt Meary’s Soup, a True Story. [4pp. in Edwards’ Salisbury
Almanack Compendium, 1897.}
- Ben Sloper’s Visit to the Zalsbury Diamond Jubilee Zelebray-
| shun, what he zeed and zed about it. R. R. Edwards, Salis-
bury [1897]. Pamphlet. Crown 8vo. pp. 19. Price 3d. [Also pre-
fixed to Edwards’ Almanack for 1898. ]
| Ben Sloper at tha Military Manoovers on Zalsbury Plaain... .
| Salisbury: R. R. Edwards [1898]. Pamphlet. Crown 8vo. pp. 26.
Price 6d.
| Ben Sloper an he’s Nancy’s visit to Barnum & Bailey’s girtest
| Show on Earth at Zalsbury, July 10th 1899. ... Salis-
| bury: R.R. Edwards. Pamphlet. Cr. 8vo. pp. 23. [Printed asa
local appendix to Moore's Almanack, &c.|
| Zam & Zue’s Visit to tha “Girt Wheel.” R. R. Edwards, Salis-
bury. Pamphlet. Cr. 8vo. pp. 6. Price 2d. Signed ‘“ Moonraker”
[1900].
112° Wilts Obituary.
Lhe Transvaal War. Who’s to blame? Boer or Briton. A Dialogue
between Willum and Edderd, two working men of Salisbury
Plain. Salisbury: R. R. Edwards, 1900. Pamphlet. 64in. x 4in.
pp. 28. Price 6d.
Ben and Nancy Sloper’s Visit to Zalsbury Vair, what they zeed
and how they enjoyedtherzelves. Salisbury: R. R. Edwards.
{1901.] Pamphlet. Cr. 8vo. pp. 30.
Buffalo Bill's Wild Waste Show at Zalsbury. August tha zix
Nineteen underd an dree. By Janny Raa. Also a Nigger
Dialogue, “The Spider and the Fly.” Salisbury: R. R.
Edwards [1903]. Pamphlet. Cr. 8vo. pp. 20.
Rekerlections an’ Yarns of a Woold Zalsbury Carrier var auver
vivty years. Rote in tha Wiltshire Dialect, Contents,
Salisbury, R. R. Edwards. [1910]. Pamphlet, 64in. x 44in., pp. 61.
The Old Age Pension Act. A Dialogue between Fred, a woold
Varm Leabourer and tha Squire’s Bailee. In the Wiltshire
dialect. Also good King Edderd’sand Queen Alexander’s visit
toZalsbury. . . . Salisbury,R. R. Edwards. [1911]. Pamph-
let, 6Zin. x 44in., pp. 31 [ Verse and Prose].
A Humourous Tale in the West Countrie and Cockney Dialects,
entitled “Jan Ridley’s New Wife,’ with an account of her
London Nephew Mr. Dick Daisher. ... R. R. Edwards,
Salisbury. [1913]. Cloth, Cr. 8vo, pp. 260. Price 3/6.
Chronology of Wilton, also an account of its Bishops, Abbesses,
Rectors, Mayors, Members of Parliament, Churches, Royal
Charters, Hospitals, Benefactors, Celebrities, &c. Wilton, Ed.
Slow. Salisbury, R. R. Edwards. [1903]. Cloth, Cr. 8vo, pp. 150.
Price 2/6.
The Military Manoovers in tha Nayberhood a Zalsbury, Zept-
ember, 1907. . . . Also the Reception of the Wiltshire
Regiment by the City of Salisbury. Salisbury: R. BR. Edwards
[1907]. Pamphlet. Cr. 8vo. pp. 27.
The Great War. A West Countrie Dialogue between Fred and
Mark, Soldier and Pacifist. . . . Salisbury: R R. Edwards.
Wilton: Miss Winters. [1918]. Pamphlet. 64in. x 4in. pp 26.
[A large number of the rhymes and stories published in the various
series of Wiltshire Rhymes were also published separately in pamphlet
form, in addition to those mentioned above. |
John Sadler, died Feb. 15th, 1925, aged 77. Second son of E. T.
Sadler, of Horley, Surrey. Born at Gt. Yarmouth, Sept. Ist, 1847.
Educated at Canterbury, entered War Office, Chelsea Hospital about 1860,
retired 1890. He founded, and was the hon. secretary of, the Civil Service
Benevolent Fund. Married Oct., 1877, the daughter of Edward Smith, of
Tottenham, who survives him. He leaves a son, Ralph T. Sadler, and a
daughter. He had for several years been a member of the committee of the
Wilts Arch. Soc. and was very regular in his attendance, though he lived at
Wilts Obituary. 113
_ Ealing, and was also often present at the annual meetings. He was specially
interested in the topography and family history of Wiltshire.
He was one of the joint editors of the series of Wiltshire Marriage
_ Fegisters, published by Phillimore, from 1905 onwards, and was for some
_ years editor of the “ Canterbury and York Society.” He left to the Wilts
_ Arch Soe. all his MS. papers, &c., comprising an enormous mass of abstracts
_of wills, extracts from registers, Peanerees &c., of Wiltshire persons and
families, obviously the fruit of years of untiring research. It is hoped that
these papers may shortly be arranged and rendered available for consulta-
tion in the Society’s library.
Obit. notice, Wiltshire Gazette, Feb. 19th, 1925.
He was the author of the following :— :
| Morse of Rodbourne Cheney, &c. Wilts VN. ¢ Q., VI., 361—364,
503—507, 562—565.
_Crawlboys. Ibid., VII., 32-—84.
Notes on Ashton Keynes. Jbid., VII., 122—130.
|Notes on Kemble, Oaksey, and Poole. Jbid.,, VII., 131—133.
Notes on Blunsdon St. Andrew. Jbid., VII., 314—319, 366—370.
‘Compton Comberwell. Jbid., VIII., 82—88, 136—140.
Notes on Wiltshire Parishes. Avebury. Jbid., VIII., 214—224.
Lydham Weeke, in Liddington. Jbd, VIII., 458—464.
| Aldbourne, Manor, Chase, and Warren. Wats Arch. Mag., xlii., 576
_ —6587.
l
i
| Sir Prior Goldney, Bart., C.B., C.V.O., died May 4th,
1925, aged 81. Buried at Halse (Som.). Eldest son of Sir Gabriel Goldney,
|Bart. Born Aug. 4th, 1843. Educated at Harrow and Exeter Coll., Oxon.
‘Called to the Bar by the Inner Temple, 1867. Recorder of Helston, and
afterwards of Poole, a member of the Commission to enquire into corrupt
paeiiecs at Norwich, 1875. City Remembrancer, 1882—1902. C.B. 1902,
'C.V.O. 1903. Succeeded to the baronetcy 1900. High Sheriff of Wilts
/1906. J.P. for Wilts and Somerset, one of H.M. Lieutenants for the City
of London, a Past Master of the Merchant Taylors’ Company, Major in
Royal Wilts Yeomanry. He never married and is succeeded in the
baronetcy by his brother, Frederick Hastings Goldney. He had lived for
‘many years at Derriads, a residence which he built near Chippenham, for
a portion of the year, living the rest of the year at Halse Manor (Som.), a
(property which he inherited from his uncle, Dr. Prior.
Obit. notices, Tames, May 5th; Wiltshire Gazette, May 7th, 1925.
|
Canon William Gardiner, died April 10th, 1925, aged 77.
Buried at Wallingford. Exeter Coll., Oxon, B.A. 1870, M.A. 1873, B.D.
1891. Deacon 1871, priest 1872 (Bath and Wells). Preb. and Canon of
pSalisbury 1909. Curate of St. James’, Taunton, 1871—73; Vicar of St.
George’ s, Claines, 1873—87; St. Mary’s, Marlborough, 1887—97 ; Rural
Dean of Marlborough, 1891—97 ; ; Vicar of Southbroom 1897—1918, when
he resigned ; Rural Dean of Avebury, Cannings portion, 1906—19. He
was a@ prominent Freemason and a Past Grand Chaplain of England, and
WOL, XLI.—NO. CXLIL. I
114 Wilts Obituary
was the originator in Devizes of the Boy Scout movement. As Vicar of
Southbroom he was also acting chaplain to the Devizes Depot of the Wilts
Regiment, as he had been before to the 3rd Battalion of the county
regiment at Worcester. He was especially interested in Church schools.
On his resignation of Southbroom he went to live at Wallingford.
Obit. notice, Wiltshire Gazette, April 16th, 1925.
He was the author of :—
The Laying on of Hands, commonly called Confirmation. By
W.G. Oxford and London: Mowbray & Co. Price 2d. Pamphlet,
42in. X 5in., pp. 29.
Southbroom Catechisings on the Church Catechism, 1907.
Rural Deanery of Avebury (Cannings Portion) Memorial
Tablets, &c., Church Plate and Bells. A.D. 1910. 8vo, pp.
127.
Canon Ernest Edmund Dugmore, Succentor of Salisbury
Cathedral, died March 10th, 1925, aged 82. Fourth s. of Will. Dugmore,
Q.C. Educated at Bruce Castle School, and Wadham College, (xon.. B.A.
1867, M.A. 1869. Deacon 1867, priest 1870 (Winchester). Curate of St.
Peter’s, Vauxhall, 1867—72 ; Vicar of Parkstone (Dors.) 1872—1910. Preb.
and Canon of Salisbury 1917 until his death. Widely known in Salisbury
Diocese as an advanced High Churchman, and more widely still as one
whose singularly beautiful face was the true expression of his character.
For many years he took a prominent part in the meetings of the Diocesan
Synod. He married Lady Elizabeth, d. of the tenth Earl of Kinnoul and
widow of Col. Sir Fred. Arthur, Bart, who died 1902. He had lived of late
in Salisbury Close.
Obituary notice,
He was the author of :—
From the Mountains of the East, a Quasi Dramatic Poem. 1882.
Gospel Idylls and other Sacred Verses. 1884.
Hymns of Adoration for Church use. 1900.
Francis Edward Newman Rogers, died March 28th,
1925, aged 56. Buried at Oare. 8S. of Walter Lacy Rogers. Educated at
Eton and Balliol Coll., Oxon. Married, 1893, Louisa Annie, d. of Edward
Jennings, of Gellideg, Carmarthenshire, who, with a son and a daughter,
survives him. Liberal M.P. for East Wilts 1906—1910. Chairman of the
East Wilts Liberal Association. He contested the elections of 1900 and
1910 in East Wilts and that of Dec., 1910, in S. Wilts, unsuccessfully. J.P.
for Wilts, 1894. He was for years an active member of the County
Council, having been Chairman of the Charities and Records
Committee, and Vice-Chairman of the General Education Com-
mittee, and for a short time Vice-Chairman of the Council itself. He
was also for thirteen years Chairman of the Governors of the |)auntsey
School Foundation, and “the greatly improved position which the
school now occupies in the educational system of the country is due in
no small degree to Mr. Rogers’ untiring devotion to its best interests.” He
was appointed in 1911 a Small Holdings Commissioner of the Board of
Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and .Artveles. 115
Agriculture, and in this connection his former political opponent, Lord
Bledisloe, who defeated him in South Wilts in 1910, said of him that his
death “leaves his country, his county which he loved so well, and a wide
circle of friends and acquaintances of all classes and and all parties
markedly and irreparably the poorer.”
Obit. notice, Weltshire Gazette, April 2nd, 1925.
WILTSHIRE BOOKS, PAMPHLETS, AND ARTICLES.
[N.B.—This list does not claim to be in any way exhaustive. The Editor
appeals to all authors and publishers of pamphlets, books, or views, in any
way connected with the county, to send him copies of their works, and to
editors of papers, and members of the Society generally, to send him copies
of articles, views, or portraits, appearing in the newspapers. |
Frederick Edward Ridgeway, Bishop of Salisbury,
A Memoir by Ernest Cross, MA., Leeds, Vicar
Choral, Salisbury Cathedral, and Domestic Chap-
) lain to the Bishop of Salisbury, with Foreword by the Lord
|
Bishop of London, and three portraits. A. R. Mowbray & Co. [1924].
Cloth, cr. 8vo., pp. xi. + 212. 6s. Photographs of the Bishop in cope
| and mitre, 1920; in his robes as Bp. of Kensington ; and in his cassock “ In
|
|
| stages, his work at Glasgow ; as Vicar of St. Peter’s, Cranley Gardens,South
his study,” all three admirable likenesses.
The working life of Bishop Ridgeway was practically divided into four
Kensington ; as Suffragan Bishop of Kensington ; and finally as Bishop of
| Salisbury. Little is said of his early life, he does not seem to have made
ae aie
i
_ where he took a pass degree, but in his third curacy at Holy Trinity, Ryde,
1
any considerable mark either at school at Tonbridge or at Cambridge,
“itis noted that his preaching made a great impression. It was during
the period from 1878 to 1890, when he was incumbent of St. Mary’s, Glas-
_ gow, and when the Church peomne the Cathedral, its first dean, that he
-really came into prominence, and by his work there “He won for himself
‘respect and regard far outside the Episcopal Church,”.so much so indeed
that the University of Glasgow conferred on him the honorary degree of
‘D.D., an unique compliment to an Englishman In 1890 he came to
| London as Vicar of St. Peter’s, Cranley Gardens, 8S. Kensington, where he
‘became “ one of the most prominent priests in the London Diocese,” and
1p
116 Wiltshine Books, Pamphlets, and Articles.
“his ten years’ work practically transformed the Church so that his
Vicariate has since been termed ‘the Golden Age.’” In 1901 he became
Suffragan Bishop of Kensington, and Vicar of St. Botolph’s, Bishopsgate.
During this period he was in great request as a preacher, and there fell to
his special share of the general work of the London Diocese, the four
following matters:—Temperance Work, the Evangelistic Council, the
Church Lads’ Brigade, and Preventive and Rescue Work. Of the Church
Lads’ Brigade he was one of the founders as he was also of an Ordination
Candidates’ Fund, probably the first of its kind. Of his work in the
Diocese of Salisbury from 1911—1921, that which will probably be longest
remembered, was his unceasing endeavour during the four years of the war
to do something for the vast camps of the new army which covered whole
districts of Dorset and Wilts. In 1918 he said of himself that he was
“ practically an Army Chaplain quite as much as a Diocesan Bishop,” and
it was literally true. He had addressed 200,000 of the men, and had con-
firmed thousands of them. From the first he determined, however, to be a.
“ Diocesan Bishop,” and as far as possible to do nothing outside his own
Diocese. Himself in later life a pronounced High Churchman, as he
showed by his sermon to the Anglo-Catholic Congress in 1920, he
never took in diocesan matters a party view or a party side; on the con-
trary he did much to foster and encourage the already existing spirit of
tolerance and unity for which the Salisbury Diocese had always been
known. He sympathised in very real measure with the country clergy and
their difficulties, and stood up squarely for them against their detractors,
especially he brought the poverty of many of the clergy prominently before
the laity of the diocese, and by a personal appeal raised a fund of some
£7,000 for their relief, and himself contributed most generously to many
cases which came to his knowledge privately as Bishop.. He was all for
the sale of large Vicarages, and Glebe Lands, and the union of small livings,.
and he set up at Gillingham an example of the way in which he wished to
see several small country parishes served by a body of clergy living to-
gether in a central parish. In opinion a Liberal, he was not a politician,
and his ideal was that the Church “ should stand for an independent view
of national affairs.” ‘The strain of his unending war work told upon his
strength, and he really wished to resign in 1920 but was, perhaps un-
fortunately, dissuaded by a generally-supported request from the clergy of
the Diocese that he would continue his work. The memoir, which is well
written and founded largely on quotations from visitation or conference
addresses by the Bishop, for the author had only a very short personal
knowledge of him, rather leaves the impression that the Bishop him-
self would have said that his work as a parish priest of Glasgow and St. —
Peter’s, Cranley Gardens, was really the portion of his life which best
suited his natural gifts and genius, for on the pastoral side his gifts were —
great. A series of appendices at the end of the volume give in full six
sermons or addresses—(1) To former Confirmation candidates at St. Peter’s, —
Cranley Gardens, April 8th, 1897. (2) A Lent address at St. Peter’s, ©
Cranley Gardens, March 16th, 1900. (3) Sermon to officers and men of the
West Riding Regt. and Lancashire Fusiliers in Wimborne Minster, Feb.
Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles. 117
21st, 1915. (4) Address at Memorial Service at Tonbridge School, June
17th, 1919. (5) Sermon at Thanksgiving Service in Salisbury Cathedral,
Nov. 17th, 1918. (6) Sermon at St. Albans, Holborn, June 29th, 1920
{Anglo-Catholic Congress).
He was the author of :—
Calls to Service; being 27 Sermons and Addresses delivered
in the Diocese of London. Longmans, London. 1912. Cr. 8vo. ds .
Address to the Synod at Salisbury, April17th, 1912. Wiltshire
Gazette, Ap. 18th, 1912. ©
Ditto, 1913. Salisbury Journal, Ap. 5th, 1913.
Ditto, 1915. Wiltshire Gazette, Ap. 15th, 1915.
Ditto, May 10th, 1916. Salisbury Journal, May 13th, 1916.
Sermon preached at Netheravon, Dec. 23rd, 1911, on the
occasion of the Dedication of a Sixth Bell in memory of T. W.
Hussey. Wiltshire Gazette, Dec. 28th, 1911.
Sermon preached at St. John’s Church, Devizes, May 6th, 1912,
at the Annual Festival of the Salisbury Diocesan Guild of
Ringers. Woltshire Gazette, May 9th, 1912.
Sermon preached at the Trowbridge Parish Church on June 8th,
1912. Wiltshire Temes, June 15th, 1912.
The Horror of War, Sermon preached in Cathedral August 9th,
1914. Salisbury Journal, Aug. 15th, 1914.
New Year’s Letter. Salisbury Diocesan Gazette, Jan., 1915.
Ditto. Jbid., Jan., 1916.
Sermon preached at Trowbridge Parish Church, Sept. 29th,
1915, at Diocesan Missionary Intercession Service. Wiltshire
_ Gazette, Sept. 30th, 1915.
Diocese of Salisbury. National Mission of Repentance and Hope.
Preparation Sunday, Sept. 24th, 1916. Bishop’s Pastoral, to
be read on the above Sunday in every Church in the Diocese.
Pamphlet, 8tin. X 63in., pp. 8.
The Dead who are alive. Sermon preached at Potterne at the
Dedication of the Memorial Organ. Wiltshire Gazette, June 3rd,
1920.
The (Five) Reports on the Excavations at Stone-
henge, 1919—1923. By Lt.-Col. W. Hawley, F.S.A.
The recent work of excavation at Stonehenge, carried out by Lt.-Col. W.
Hawley, F.S.A., for the Society of Antiquaries, began in September, 1919,
and has been carried on down to the present time. This work has been
described by Col. Hawley in five ‘“ Reports,” printed in the Antiqguarzes’
Journal, Vol. I., No. L., January; 1921, pp. 19—41 (eighteen illustrations) ;
Vol. II., No. L., Jan., 1922, pp. 36—52 (eight illustrations) ; Vol. III, No. L.,
Jan. 1923, pp. 13—20 (four illustrations); :Vol. IV., No. I, Jan., 1924,
pp. 30—39 (plan and two illustrations) ; Vol. V., No. I., Jan., 1925, pp. 21
—40 (plan, one illustration, and many sections). No account of these
reports has as yet appeared in the Magazine, and it seems well to givea
short abstract of the work which has been accomplished up to the end of
118 Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles.
1923, as described in these reports. The first work done by the Office of
Works was on Stones Nos. 6 and 7, on the south side of the outer circle,
which were leaning badly in opposite directions, so that the lintel on the
top of them was in danger of falling off. This lintel, weighing between
6 and 7 tons, was lifted off and the bases of the supporting uprights were
excavated. The base of stone 7 was found 5ft. below the surface, and five
round holes were found penetrating the solid chalk, evidently to hold posts.
arranged so as to guide the base of the stone to its correct position. A
quantity of wood ashes, and signs of fire on the large blocks of sarsen, with
which the bottom of the stone was packed and wedged, seemed to show
that when these posts had done their work they were burned, as they could.
not be withdrawn. Great numbers of chips and fragments, both of the
sarsens and of the blue stones, were found at all depths, but the latter were
more than five times as numerous as the former. Stone 6 was dealt with
in the same way. This was found to have a pointed end 4ft. 6in. below the
surface, with sarsen packing stones braced by large slabs of Chilmark oolite |
ragstone set on edge behind them. Here, again,a mass of wood ashes was.
found. The two stones were then jacked up straight, concreted in that
position, and the lintel replaced upon them. In this excavation a con-
siderable number of fragments of pottery and other small objects of Romano-
British age were found down to a depth of 15 inches, and a few Bronze Age
fragments below these.
Aubrey Holes. In the plan of. Stonehenge accompanying the MS.
Monumenta Britannica in the Bodleian Library, Aubrey showed certain —
depressions inside the earth bank, where he suggested stones had been.
There was no sign of these upon the surface, but on trying with a
steel bar a hole was found at the spot indicated by Aubrey and subsequently
a series of others, occurring at regular intervals of 16ft. Of these, which
the excavators called the ‘ Aubrey Holes,” twenty-nine were excavated at
different times, all about the same size, and varying from a depth of 3ft. 5in.
to 2ft. and a maximum diameter of 5ft. 3in. to 2ft. 6in. They are more or
less circular, regularly and sharply cut in the chalk, and many have the edge
of the chalk bowl cut away or crushed on the side towards the present
circle, this being apparently caused by the erection or withdrawal of a —
stone from the inner side, probably the latter. Col. Hawley believes that
they once held small upright stones, and all except four of the twenty-three
excavated had cremated bones deposited in them. Many sarsen and blue
stone fragments, and a few pieces of Romano-British pottery were found
in the filling of these holes, together with flint fabricators and flakes, and,
in one case, a number of flint flakes which had obviously been struck off
by a flint worker who worked on the spot. In one hole the position of the
cremated bones pointed to their having been deposited in the hole after the
withdrawal of the stone which stood in it. In three cases the holes had
been apparently dug too deep to fit the stone, and some of the excavated
chalk had been returned to the hole again; the sarsen and bluestone chips
were rarely found below 20in. from the surface. These holes were filled up
again and their positions are marked by round patches of white chalk.
Ditch and Rampart. A 3ft. trench was cut from one of the Aubrey holes.
|
Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles. 119
through the rampart and across the ditch. The rampart was found to be
only 2ft. 6in. high above the chalk rock, and the ditch 39in. deep below
the present turf level. The lowest stratum yielded roughly-worked
flints and flakes. A section of the ditch 9ft. x 12ft. was subsequently
excavated, in which the depth was found to increase to 54in. A cremation
was found in a bowl-shaped cavity in the solid chalk at the bottom, which
was roughly flat. No chips of stone were found below 25in. deep. ‘The
width of the ditch was 9ft., the edges being perpendicular for the first 2ft
Slaughter Stone. W. Cunnington, F.S.A., had examined this in 1801
and the banking round the stone is apparently his work, ‘‘ but we could see
that the stone had been buried earlier in a pit very roughly dug in the solid
chalk and just deep enough to allow the soil to cover it at ground level.
Perhaps the intention had been to bury it deeper, but the hole was not
made long enough, consequently the top and bottom rest on sloping chalk
and cause a void of about 10 inches under it.” On examining the ground
west of the stone a very large hole, 10ft. in diameter by 63ft. deep was found
and excavated. In the upper layer was a coin of Claudius Gothicus and
at the bottom two deer-horn picks rested against the curved side. ‘There
can be no doubt that a large stone once stood in the hole,” possibly the
Slaughter Stone itself. No traces of holes for the stones marked by
Aubrey on his plan were found.
An appendix, pp. 38, 39, gives a note by C. R. Peers, F.S.A., on the method
adopted for setting leaning stones upright.
The next work undertaken by the Office of Works was the setting up
straight of the four uprights 29, 30, 1, and 2, supporting three lintels, on
the north-east side of the outer circle. When the latter were taken off, the
accurate work on the tenons of the uprights and the mortise holes of the
lintels was very observable. In the excavations the proportion of sarsen
and blue stone chippings remained as before, and a number of hard quartzite
nodules for use as hammer stones were found, and in the lower layer of the
excavation thirty-six mauls of all sizes varying from some quite small to
| others of 11, 30, and 43 lbs. in weight, and two deer-horn picks broken,
together with flint implements of a rough description. No. 1 stone tapered
slightly at the base. Here, again, glauconite and Chilmark ragstone were
found with sarsen used as packing blocks round the base, and there was a
_ post-hole on the south side. Under one side of the base of Stone 30 a
| number of holes from 15in. to 20in. in depth were found, containing decayed
| wood matter. These holes were, it is suggested, for posts to support the
| base of the stone, which had a large crack in it and had not in consequence
| been trimmed. There were fifty-eight packing stones round its base, chiefly
| of glanconite and Chilmark stone, showing, as Colonel Hawley remarks,
_that there was no sarsen available on the Plain, beyond pieces knocked off
| | the uprights in the process of trimming, and stone for the purpose had to
be brought from a distance. The four uprights were all straightened and
| concreted, and the three lintels replaced. The base of Stone 29 was found
only 55in. below datum line, the hole in which it stood had, like that of
Stone 1, no inclined plane starting from the outside. ‘There were forty-seven
| packing stones, two flint, nineteen sarsen, and twenty-six Chilmark and
120 Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles.
Hurdcott ragstone. There were seven post-holes round the base of the
stone, containing woody matter. The base was bluntly pointed. No. 2
Stone was concreted, but it was not necessary to move it; its base was
843in. below datum line. The hole in which it stood had an inclined plane
from outside. One large maul weighing 35lbs. and twelve smaller ones
were found round it.
The Blue Stones. The excavations round Stones Nos. 1 and 30 extended
close to Nos. 31 and 49 of the inner circle of “ Blue Stones,” or “ Foreign
Stones.” and it was decided to concrete the bases of three on the north side.
Stone 31 was found to extend 46in. below the surface, its total height being
9ft. 4in. and No. 49 was also 46in. below ground, and its total height was
9ft. 10in. The usual fragments of sarsen and blue stone were found round
them, but no packing stones.
The South “Barrow.” The radius of this was found to be 26ft., the
height not exceeding 14in. from the chalk rock. Three sections of 12ft. x 6ft.
crossing the ditch and taking in part of the “barrow,” were cut. ‘lhree
Aubrey holes were found under the rubble of the “barrow.” A piece of
the edge of a finely polished stone celt was found near the top of the
“barrow,” and the usual chippings of sarsen and blue stone. Col. Hawley
concluded that the mound was not a barrow, and it must have been long
subsequent to the Aubrey holes. There was a small ditch round the
“barrow,” varying in depth from 8in. to 16in., and from 1éin. to 18in. wide.
The place had been excavated by Hoare without result, and as a large hole
about 4ft. deep was found in the centre of the mound, it was concluded
that a large stone had stood here, and that it. was not a barrow at all.
The Rampart Ditch. Sections of this were excavated, showing a more
or less flat bottom varying from 52in. to 63in. in depth below ground-level.
In the counterscarp side of the ditch bulging projections of 2ft. were
found with curved recesses in the bank between them, which Col. Hawley
suggested might have been habitations. In the upper 20in. from the surface,
sarsen and blue stone chippings, Bronze Age and Romano-British pottery
sherds were found, and a cremation occurred at 35in. ; but below this, and
on the bottom, only roughly chipped flints, a borer, a few cores, and many
flakes were found, and many stag’s-horn picks, some of which had the
bes-tine left on the stock as well as the brow-tine, to enable the pick to be
used in both hands. The flints found on, the bottom of the ditch had a
white patina, as distinguished from the dark colour of those of the upper
layer and of the rough Stonehenge type. On the north-east side a section
of the ditch was cleared, and the width was found to be 18ft., the depth
varying from 69in. and 74in. to 36in. and 57in. A grave containing a
skeleton only 22in. below the surface was judged to be that of a modern
criminal, probably hung in chains. Stag’s-horn picks were again found on
the bottom of the ditch. On the excavation being carried on to the point
where the south-east avenue bank and trench would meet the main ditch,
it was found that both bank and trench of the avenue died out before
reaching the edge of the ditch, leaving a ridge of undisturbed chalk between
the two, and that the ditch continued its course almost to the centre of the
avenue, where it ended in a large crater-shaped space, which had on the
Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles. 121
inner side a large hole from which apparently a stone had been removed.
The hole was 4ft. 3in. deep, and its maximum width 42in. Init, 35in. below
the surface, were the disturbed bones of a child of Sor9. At this point
the ditch ended in a nearly perpendicular wall of solid chalk, 4ft. 9in. high.
the south-east side of the entrance causeway, which proved to be 373ft.
wide, beyond which the ditch began again in a large crater or pit, 224ft.
wide and 74f{t. deep, with an opening 7ft. wide into the ditch or another
pit beyond it. Col. Hawley regarded the first pit as a dwelling pit. It
contained ox bones, and on the bottom seven deer-horn picks, and it had
been partly filled up by white chalk rubble from some other excavations
being thrown into it. In this chalk, 38in. from the surface, cremated
remains of_an adult and child were found, and there were signs of a fire
on the bottom.
The Causeway. The entire surface of the causeway was uncovered, no
sign of the north-west avenue trench and bank being found. Right across
the causeway from side to side more or less parallel lines of holes, fifty-three
in all, dug in the solid chalk, 12in. to 15in. in diameter, and varying in
depth from that of a mere cup, where the traffic through the entrance had
worn the surface away, to about 24in. Diagonally across these parallel lines
certain other larger holes, 18in. to 24in. in diameter, seemed to lie in a line.
Col. Hawley regards the smaller holes as made for posts, lines of which
would stretch across the entrance, whilst the larger holes may have held
small stones for the same purpose, and he looks on the whole of this
arrangement as connected with the ditch, and earlier than the present
structure of Stonehenge, and thinks that “The original use of the site was asa
defensive dwelling.”’
He suggests that the Slaughter Stone may possibly have been standing
in the entrance, with other stones, as a stone hole 34ft. deep was found close
to the large hole in which he supposes the Slaughter Stone originally stood,
and that it was taken down when the existing Stonehenge was erected with
a view to being used, but being found defective was buried instead.
No trace of the four stones shown by Inigo Jones as standing at the
entrance could be found, nor any holes in which they conld have stood.
Col. Hawley, however, suggests that these stones may have been placed
where they were*shown in modern times to mark the entrance and have
subsequently disappeared.
An “Aubrey Hole” was found in the centre of the passage-way, showing
that the line of these holes was carried across the entrance.
The Avenue. The avenue ditches were found to be independent of the
earthwork ditch, and began 10ft. from it. The parallel ditches were 7Oft.
apart, carelessly made, on an average about 3ft. deep, with 12in. of chalk silt
on the bottom, in which horn picks and flint chips, but no stone chippings,
which were confined to the upper layer, from which Col. Hawley infers
that the avenue ditches preceded the erection of Stonehenge. ‘Two stone
holes were found 4ft. 6in. deep, and both about 24ft. from the Helestone.
Col. Hawley suggests that the Helestone may have formed one of a group
independent of Stonehenge. Round the Helestone itself, at a distance of
—-‘10ft., a trench 4ft. deep and 33ft. wide with nearly perpendicular sides was
:
|
i
i
122 Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles.
found and excavated. It apparently surrounded the Helestone, but on the
road side no excavation was possible. It was certainly partly open when —
Stonehenge was built, as chippings were found in the higher part of it, but
not in the bottom layer, in which one horn pick was found.
Discovery of the Y. and Z. Holes. ‘he systematic trenching of the
ground between the earth bank and the outer circle of stones on the north-
east side led to the discovery of a row of stone holes 36ft. from the outer
circle of stones and roughly concentric with it, of oblong shape, 5ft. to 6ft. 6in.
long at the top, by about 3ft. 4in. wide, and at the bottom 32in. x 16in.
Their depth was about 387in. The distance between these holes,
distinguished as Y holes, was 18ft. 6in. At the bottom of one of these
holes were two stag’s-horn picks and three antlers, showing that no
stone had stood in it. Thirteen of these Y holes were excavated.
Inside this line of holes another line of precisely similar holes of
about the same size at a distance of 12ft. from the present outer
circle of stones, and nearly but not quite concentric with it, was hit upon
and twelve of them were excavated. ‘These were distinguished as Z holes.
In one hole a piece of rhyolite from the blue stones was lying on the bottom
of the hole, but the excavation of the incline leading to Stone No. 7 of the
outer circle showed that that stone was erected before the Z hole opposite it
was dug. On the whole it seems unlikely that stones ever actually stood
in these holes. In one case (Z 8) no hole was found in the line where it
ought to have been. The details of the excavation of all these holes is
given in an appendix to the report of January, 1925. On the south side
of the circle a number of postholes similar to those at the entrance
were found, and amongst them a grave containing a skeleton which has been
assigned to the Roman or Late Celtic period. The excavations at this
point were not completed. The stone on the rampart to the south-east was
dug round and found to be a rough sarsen with no appearance of dressing
or shaping, 9ft. long by 3ft. 8in. across the front and 3ft. at the side,
which had stood in a hole 4ft. deep. ‘There was nothing to show its age.
Several cremations, generally very small quantities of bones only just under
the surface, were found mostly at or near the inner slope of the rampart.
Nothing was found with them except in one case in which the burnt bones lay
in a shallow cist scraped 2in. deep in the chalk rubble, 7m. below the sur-
face. Among the bones lay a beautiful little hammer or mace head of horn-
blendic gneiss, probably of the Bronze Age, perforated with a cylindrical
hole which is not countersunk and is polished all over. The material pro-
bably came from Britanny. It is cushion-shaped, 2.¢., both ends are bluntly
rounded. Eight similar examples seem to be known, five from Scotland and
three from the Thames neighbourhood.
The Problem of Wansdyke. By Albany F. Major,
OB.E,FS A. Antiquaries’ Journal, April, 1924. Vol. iv., pp. 142—
145. In this short paper the writer criticises the theories set forth in the
Antiquaries’ Journal, Jan., 1924, by Mr. A. D. Passmore. He allows that
all the digging yet done in Wansdyke, whether in Wilts or Somerset, sug-
gests a Roman or Post-Roman origin, as Gen. Pitt Rivers long ago proved
Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles. 123
so far as his own diggings were concerned, but he suggests that ‘“ Wans-
dyke is such a vast work, some 60 miles long, and varies so in size and
construction at different points . . . that it may be a composite work
constructed at different periods.” ‘Whether it continued through the
Forest (Savernake) is still uncertain. Some two miles east of the Forest
it again incorporates a big camp, Chisbury, and half-a-mile beyond this
it branches into two. What appears to be the original branch runs on
eastwards and ends near the base of the chalk escarpment under Inkpen
Beacon, ten miles north of Andover. ‘The other branch turns south, and
has been traced to the neighbourhood of Ludgershall, some nine miles
N.W. of Andover. It is almost certain that there was no extension of
either branch in the direction of Andover. The object of the original
branch was evidently to cover the open country between the valley of the
Avon and the Thames—Kennet against attack from the north.” He sug-
gests that the Inkpen branch rested on marsh and that the branch that ran
south may be later than the other, and may have been thrown up to cover
the flank after the original line was turned. He agrees that in forest
country the line may have been represented by abbattis or timber defences.
As to Mr. Passmore’s identification of the “turf wall” mentioned by Gildas
as built from sea to sea, with Wansdyke, Mr. Major remarks with consider-
able force that Gildas goes on to say that as the turf wall proved of no use,
the Britons applied again to the Romans who “ built a wall different from
the former . . . of the same structure as walls generally.” There is,
says Mr. Major, no trace of Wansdyke being replaced by a stone wall, and
it seems much more likely that Gildas, who wrote a century and a half
after the legions left Britain, was introducing into his story a confused
recollection of the two walls which we know the Romans built, the turf
wall from the Forth to the Clyde, and the stone wall from the estuary of
the Tyne to the Solway Firth. As to the possible dates when Wansdyke
might have been built to defend the country south of the Thames and
Avon he suggests the troubles of A.D. 181 and the worse disasters of 367—
8, on both of which occasions the Picts and Scots raided far into Southern
England. Both Mr. Major and Mr. Passmore regard Wansdyke as a de-
fensive work, but could such a work have ever been really defended 2
Saxon Land Charters of Wiltshire. By G. B.
Grundy, D. Litt. Second Series.
This very important paper, occupying pp. 8—124 of the Archxological
Journal, vol. Ixxvii. (2nd series, vol. xxvii) March—Dec., 1920, recently
published, contains the author’s investigations of the Land Charters of
Wilts, the first instalment of which was noticed in W.A.WM., vol. xlii., pp.
514—517 (June, 1924). As before, the Charters are taken in the order in
which they occur in Birch’s Cartularium Saxonicum, the reference to
| Kemble’s Codex Diplomaticus, being also given; a few charters from other
printed sources are dealt with in addition.
Birch 59, 59a. Charlton, near Malmesbury. ‘his is called Cherletone
prope “Tectan” (z.e., Tetbury) and is not identified by either Birch or
| Kemble. ‘The boundaries are most uncertain but Odda’s Bourne and the
124 Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles.
“Crundle” are identified with the stream ¢-mile south of the east end of
Charlton village. At the point where boundary and stream meet is an old
quarry (Crundle). “ Ceasterbroke,” the brook of the Roman fort or station;
a name which Dr. Grundy cannot explain, was the stream crossed by the
modern road to Malmesbury at the point where it leaves the south boundary
of the park. Sondhey, the sand hedge or enclosure, is Sundey’s Hill in the
north of Brinkworth parish.
Birch 754, Liddington. JLyden is the stream flowing through the north
part of Liddington and Wanborough. Dorcyn called Dorterne Brok in the
Badbury Charter and Dorcert in that of Chiseldon, is the large brook
forming the north boundary of Liddington. Snodeshelle survives as Snod’s
Hill. This charter has been attributed to Litton Cheney, and to Lidentune
on the river Lidden, both in Dorset.
Birch 867. Idmiston. Dr. Grundy thinks this refers to the land unit
of Idmiston only without Porton, but cannot identify the boundary with
any confidence.
Birch 870 and 956. West Knoyle.
Birch 879. Winterburna, possibly Laverstock, identified by Kemble
with Laver (Dorset). No bounds identified. ;
Birch 886. Winterborne, ? in Wilts.
Birch 1145. At Winter Burnan, identified by Birch with Winterbourne
Monkton. Grundy cannot identify it.
Birch 1192. Aet Wenterburnan. Birch and Earle say Winterbourne
Monkton, Grundy says no.
. Birch 917. Broad Chalke, Bower Chalke, Ebbesbourne Wake, Alvediston
(2), Berwick St. John, Tollard Royal, &c. Cnihta land survives as Knighton.
Chetoles Beorge or Cotelesburgh, z.e., Chetol’s Barrow, is Kits Grave, at
the point where Hants, Wilts, and Dorset meet. J/icel Burh (Great Camp)
survives in Mistleberry Wood, and “ 7'rogan” is Trow Down and Drow
Copse. Lefreshmere is the modern Larmer Grounds, and Tilluces Leah is
Tinkley Bottom.
Birch 917 and 970. The latter is identified rightly by Birch with Easton
Bassett tithing in Berwick St. John, perhaps formerly a tithing of
Donhead. The name survives in Easton Farm. The ‘‘Ox Drove”
Ridgeway is called “Straet” at this point, 7.e., it was a made road.
Mapuldor Cumb is the modern Maccombe. Wainterburh is Winklebury
Camp. Stoc is Stoke Farthing in Broad Chalke. In Semley the modern
Billhay Farm and Bridge represent the Ballan Leah of the Charter.
Birch 921, 922. Brokenborough Manor. Corsa Brok is the modern
Gauze Brook. The survey apparently includes Corston but the boundaries
present great difficulties. A survey attached to this Charter refers to lands
at Sutton Benger.
Birch 948. Lands of Ellandune in Wroughton, Lydiard Millicent, and
perhaps Lydiard Tregoze. : |
Birch 960 and 1072. Wathiglea noted in a 16th century hand as Phiphide
(or Fyfield). The two are practically identical, but Birch identifies one
with Widley, near Southampton, in which Grundy says he is wrong, and
the other with “ Fyfield, near Wilton,” but Grundy can trace no connection
with either Wiltshire Fyfield in the surveys.
Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles. 125
Birch 962, which he identifies with Ebbesbourne. Grundy cannot
identify it.
Birch 970. Donhead St. Andrew.
Birch 992. Upton Lovel.
Birch 1067. Burbage. Kemble places this in Berks. orth Burg the
’ earth camp at Crowdown Clump, to which the name Godsbury erroneously
applied to a barrow, really belongs.
Birch 1071. Hbbesburna identified by Birch and Kemble as Ebbesbourne
Wake, said by Grundy to be Coombe Bissett.
Birch 1118, Patney.
Birch 1124. Hasthealle, identified by Birch with Snap (Aldbourne) but
says Grundy it is not a Wiltshire Charter.
Birch 1127. Steeple Ashton, West Ashton, N. Bradley, and Southwick.
Keevil appears as Kefle.
Birch 1213. Great Bedwyn, Grafton, and Burbage. Mr. Crawford has
dealt with these boundaries in W.A.M., but Dr. Grundy does not agree
with his identifications.
Birch 1215. Edington. Bodelesburgge is Bowle’s Barrow, but the present
boundary does not reach to this point. Padecanstan is Patcombe Hill.
Birch 1216. Bemerton.
Birch 1286. Auene, Afene is Stratford-sub-Castle. Hthelwara, is appar-
ently Old Sarum, and Hald Burhdic the north ditch of the same.
Kemble 632. Rodbourne, derived from Reed Bourne, the stream which
falls into the Avon at Great Somerford.
Kemble 641. Tisbury, East and West, and Wardour. Cv2gelmarc is
Chilmark. The “Twelve Acre Copse” of to-day perpetuates the Twelf
Aceron of the charter. Funtgeal is the original name of Fonthill.
Kemble 655. blesburnam, identified by Kemble as Ebbesbourne Wake,
is ascribed by Grundy to Stratford Tony.
Kemble 658. Westwuda, identified with Westwood (Hants), is really the
Wiltshire Westwood. Stanford=Stowford and Jgford, Iford. Vhe use
of the word Straeet of the road from Bradford to Winkfield Common, part
of the great Ridgeway along the west border of Wilts, shows that this was
one of the old Ridgeways which had in parts been Romanised or “ made.”
Kemble 706. Bradford-on-Avon, identified as Bradford (Dorset) by
Kemble. The £issz is the Biss river, Pomeray Wood is Pumperig, Warleigh
Wood is Werlegh, and Broughton Gifford, Broetun.
Kemble 767. Seafonhaematun is wrongly attributed to the Wiltshire
Sevenhampton.
| Manningford Abbas. Charter from the Liber de Hida.
| Longbridge Deverill, in Hoare’s Modern Wiltshire. The A.S. Efebeorh
_ has been connected with the modern “* Long Iver,” but that is derived from
| the AS. Yfre, an escarpment.
_ Sherington from the Wilton Cartulary in Yonasticon.
_ Crudwell. Three charters. Murcott (Archzologia, XXXVII.), Eastcourt
| (Kemble 584), and Chelworth (Birch 584—586). A list of the field names
| of Crudwell is appended. Little Cindrum preserves the A.S. Sunderhamm.
| Idover, which occurs also in Dauntsey, is from the Celtic dofr, water, and
i]
126 Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles,
refers to springs which rise in the field. Barrow Field and Stadborough
Copse testify to former barrows or earthworks. Chedglow is from Ceaggan
Hlaew, and Hickmore from Hykemeres Streme.
The Church of St. Bartholomew at Corsham in
Wiltshire. By Harold Brakspear, F.S.A. Devizes.
Printed by Geo. Simpson & Co., 1924. 8vo. pp. ix. + 148. Price 12/6.
This solid work is probably the most complete and exhaustive history of
any parish Church in the county and is obviously the fruit of a prodigious
amount of original research. ‘The early history of the Church is indeed a
curious one. William the Conqueror shortly after the Conquest granted
the Church of Cosham to his newly founded Abbey of St. Stephen’s at
Caen, and it is so recorded in Domesday. Hen. I. confirmed the grants to
St. Stephen’s and added new gifts of his own,but in the charter of confirm-
ation there is no mention of Corsham, which he gave to the Abbey of
St. Martin at Tours, known as “ Marmoutier,” probably giving some other
Church in its place to Caen. Hen. II. confirmed this and specified that
the whole of the tithes of Corsham were included in the gift. It was usual
for foreign abbeys to build a small religious house or cell on property
owned by them in this way in England, and these were called “ Alien
Priories ” and Tanner and Dugdale state that there was certainly one if not
two such Priories at Corsham. Mr. Brakspear, however, shows that this
is a mistake. The Letters Patent of 1237 mention the three priories of
Marmoutier in England as Holy Trinity, York, Newport Pagnell (or Tyke-
ford), Bucks, and Overton, Yorks, and the “ Church of Corsham ” and the
“ Manor of Thorverton” clearly distinguishing Corsham from the Priories.
It is true that there were Monks of Marmoutier settled at Corsham to take
charge of the Church and lands, and their leader did once at least call himself
‘“‘ Prior,” but he appears to have had no right to the title. Tanner’s Notctia
Monastica refers to an ‘‘ extent of Corham Priory ” in the British Wuseum.
This, however, turns out to be an extent of the possessions of the Abbot
of Marmoutier in “ Cosham,” and is printed in an appendix in this volume.
A long Chancery suit took place in 1344, in which the Prior of Tykeford
claimed that the Church of Corsham was subordinate to his Priory, and
was not an independent unit. The Court, however, decided that it was
annexed directly to Marmontier, and so was not dependent on l'ykeford.
Its history during the French wars, when the property of the Foreign
Abbeys passed into the King’s hands is given here in full from entries in the
Public Records. At the end of the 14th Century Corsham was thus
administered together with the English possessions of the Abbey of St.
Nicholas of Angers, and this led to much later confusion as to its original
status. In this way Corsham Church was granted during the first half of
the 15th century to Queen Joan, Sir Hugh Luttrell, Sir Edmund Hunger-
ford, Syon Abbey and King’s College, Cambridge, and apparently to the
two latter at the same time. The whole of these complicated transactions
are here followed and references to the authorities are given. In one grant
the “Alien Priory of Cosham” is mentioned in so many words, but this
Mr. Brakspear says is a clerical error, for the Alien Priory never existed.
|
|
i!
|
|
|
|
|
Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles. 127
In the end Corsham Church remained in the possession of Syon Convent
until the suppression. The Vicar’s are mentioned as they occur and a very
complete list of Vicars and Patrons is given as an appendix. After the
suppression the advowson passed through a number of hands all carefully
traced here. Mr. Brakespear quotes an indenture of 1647 as mentioning
*“*Corsham alias Cosham” as the earliest instance of the change to the
modern name from the earlier ‘‘ Cosham.” Between 1572 and 1745 when
the Court, Manor, and Advowson were bought by Paul Methuen, of Brad-
ford, they passed through a large number of hands. The descent of the
Rectory Manor is traced from the suppression through the Smythe,
Downes, Deeke, and Neale families to Sir Gabriel Goldney, Bt., who
bought it in 1857, and left it to his son Sir John T. Goldney, Kt. Coming
to the architecture of the Church,which occupies pp 27— 59, Mr. Brakespear
suggests that the evidence of the walls of the present nave and entrance
door points to the existence of a very early Saxon Church, destroyed no
doubt by the Danes, and re-built and enlarged after the Danish invasion.
Of both these Saxon Churches he gives conjectural ground plans as also of
the Church at the end of the 12th century, at the end of the 15th century,
and at the present time, tracing its development throughout, century
by century, and describing it in detail with its furniture as it probably was
at the end of the 15th century.
From the time of the second Saxon Church to 1874 there had been a
central tower, and the late Saxon foundations of that tower probably
support the present chancel arch. At the end of the twelfth century the
tower was rebuilt above the roof, but the belfry stage was an addition of
the fourteenth century. In 1810 the spire which Mr. Brakspear suggests
may have been rebuilt cz7. 1631, was condemned as unsafe and the upper
part was taken down. In 1813 further dilapidations very nearly led toa
new Church being built, and the old pulled down. In 1815 the rest of the
spire was taken down and other “improvements ” were made in the interior.
In 1848 the idea of a new Church was again mooted, but nothing was done.
In 1874 C. E. Street was called in; the paramount consideration was to
provide more seating accommodation, and he very reluctantly came to the
conclusion that the only way in which this could be done was by removing
the central tower. ‘Two alternative plans given by him are reproduced in
the book. In the event the central tower was removed, a new chancel arch
built, 2 new tower and spire built as a south transept, and the Methuen
pew or chapel built as a north transept to balance it. This work
was finished in 1878. Having thus brought the Church as a whole down
to its present condition, Mr. Brakspear takes the separate portions of the
) building and gives a detailed description of each. As regards the stone
_Sereen to the lady Chapel at the end of the north aisle, its similarity to
that at Great Chalfeld makes it likely that it was built for Thomas Tropenell
by the same masons who worked for him at Chalfield. Buckler’s drawing
of this screen in 1809 shows various differences from its present condition.
| The staircase built to the east of the S. Porch by Lady Margaret Hungerford
| to reach the gallery erected by her in the south aisle (destroyed in 1874) is
dated 1631, and is a curious instance of the survival of pure Gothic forms
128 Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles,
long after they are usually supposed to have disappeared. In the Methuen
Pew are the fragments of a great monument to Mistress Alice Cobb (died
1627), which stood in front of the sedilia in Adderbury Church, Oxon, until
1837, when it was taken down. The pieces remained there until 1879 when
they were handed over to Lord Methuen, as representing the family, taken to
Corsham, and re-erected there. They do not, however, pretend to be in their
original positions. ‘There area whole series of appendices, the Extent of the
possessions in Corsham of the Abbot of Marmoutier ; the Customs of the
Rectory manor; the Rectory or Parsonage House, which was pulled down
by Hen. Pullen at the end of the eighteenth century, after he had built the
present Priory House. Of this the history is carefully traced and a series
of deeds recording its descent are quoted. The history of the two chantries
is given at length. The most important endowment was the Feoffee, or
Our Lady’s Lands, which still remains as an active charity. It consisted
of lands given for finding a priest in the parish Church for ever and was
not a chantry in the usual sense of the word, and owing to the fact that the
lands were copyhold of the two manors of Corsham and were not for the
endowment of any particular “chantry,” they were, in spite of extensive
inquiries and litigation, under Ed. VI. and Eliz., here described, saved from
the hands of the Crown and remain to this day as the ecclesiastical and
non-ecclesiastical Feoffee charities with a total income of £195.
The next appendix deals with the Vicarage, with list of Vicars and
patrons from 1244, terriers, and an account of the “ Peculiar of Corsham.”
Until 1857 the Vicars of Corsham possessed a “ Consistory, or Peculiar
Court, to deal with ecclesiastical offences and for proving of wills of the
parishioners.” When Peculiars were abolished in 1857 the Corsham Book
of Wills, dating from 1712, and containing one hundred and seventy-five
entries, was sent to Salisbury, and later, with all the other Salisbury wills,
was lodged at Somerset House. The Peculiar Court was held in the
Consistory Room, at the east end of the south chapel of the chancel. The
Peculiar seal of the Vicar, now in the possession of Lord Methuen, here illus-
trated, was probably made for Latimer Crosse, instituted 1713. Hegisters,
Vestry minute books, Chained books, are next dealt with, and a register of |
pews and seats from 1710 to 1856 is given at length. The monumental
inscriptions are printed in full, bells and plate are described, and the parish
chest, czvr. 1660, lately restored to the Church, is illustrated. In addition
to the illustrations already mentioned, are:—West View of the Church ;
South-East and South-west Views, and Interior from a sketch, all before
1874; Chancel and Chapel from South-East; Interior looking East ;.
Terminal of Gable of Lady Chapel; Screen of Lady Chapel; Thos.
Tropenell’s monument; North Aisle, interior; West End of South Aisle ;
South Porch ; Font and North Doorway.
There is a long and excellent notice of the book in Wiltshire Gazette,
Dec. 18th, 1924.
Air Survey and Archeology. By O.G.S. Crawford,
F.S.A. Ordnance Survey. Professional Papers.
New Series, No 7. Southampton, 1924. Paper Covers, 4to, pp. 39,
2 maps, 18 plates, and 3 cuts in text,
Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles. 129
This valuable publication contains the paper read by Mr. Crawford before
the Royal Geographical Society on March 12th, 1923, supplemented by a
whole series of large size reproductions of air photographs of earthworks,
camps, lynchets, &c., of which thirteen have to do with Wiltshire, and the
remaining seven with Hants and Dorset, each illustration having a page
of explanation and description to itself. The main thesis of the lecture is
that the two systems of lynchets, the rectangular chessboard system so
often found in the neighbourhood of the Romano-British villages on the
downs and the terraced or strip lynchets found chiefly on the steep sides
of the down valleys are characteristic of two entirely different systems of
agriculture, the small rectangular fields with the boundary ditches often
extending for long distances on the downs, being the remains of the Celtic
system, which began perhaps with the Iron Age some 450 B.C. and lasted
without break until roughly 450 A.D. and the coming of the Saxons who
swept it, and the hill-top villages which it served, utterly out of existence,
and substituted for it the system of lynchets of acre or half-acre strips,
with the open field system which lasted right on down to the enclosures at the
end of the eighteenth century. He does not deny that there may have
been agriculture in the Bronze Age, though the evidence of it is small, but
he asserts that for Neolithic agriculture in England there is no proof at all.
On the other hand, that such a system was in full force in the Early Iron
Age thereisample proof. Pytheas, writing in the La Tene I. period, speaks
of the quantity of wheat grown and stored in large barns by the Britons,
and Diodorus Siculus later on in the latter part of the first century says
that they cut off the heads of the corn and stored it in “ underground
dwellings,” such as the storage pits at Fovant, in which Dr. Clay found so
much charred grain.
As to the relative age of the chess-board fields and the great hill camps
he proves that in many cases where these rectangular lynchets exist inside
the camps, the ramparts of the latter can be shown to have cut across the
| already existing lynchets, which were therefore older than the camps, the
| majority of which were, he thinks, of the middle or later part of the Early
Iron Age. The boundary ditches, again, which he connects with the rect-
angular lynchets, are clearly of later date than the Bronze Age barrows, as,
for instance, near Sidbury Hill, where a ditch bisects a disc barrow, and in
many other places, where the ditch either avoids or is obviously laid out in
line with an already existing barrow, whilst they are equally clearly in many
cases older themselves than the camps, the ditches of which, as at Quarley,
cut right across them. He believes that a new group of invaders somewhere
about 700—500 B.C., were responsible for the introduction of square camps,
such as South Lodge Camp, Angle Ditch, and Martin Down Camp, finger-
tip pottery, new types of bronze implements, the use of iron, and the
rectilinear system of Celtic agriculture and boundary ditches.
As to the Saxon system of agriculture, the strip lynchet, and the open
field, which took the place of the older Celtic system, Mr. Crawford prints
a photograph of a map of Calstone preserved at Bowood, dating from
between 1713 and 1732, showing all the acre or half-acre strips still in
existence and grouped together in parcels of a furlong long and a furlong
VOL. XLIIJI.—NO. CXLII. K
130 Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles.
broad. Many of the existing lynchets on the hillside at Calstone can be
identified on this map. It was these same Calstone lynchets which were
assigned by Gomme, in his “ Village Community,” to the imaginary “‘ Pre-
Aryan Hill Folk,” whom he created. Mr. Crawford gives maps showing
the positions of the Pre-Roman and Romano-British villages in South
Wilts on the Downs, and of the villages with Saxon names that took their
place, all of them strung out along the course of the streams in the
valleys. He dwells on the extreme importance of air photography as
showing all sorts of earthworks not visible to the eye on the ground, and
reproduces air photographs of the Course of the Avenue at Stonehenge ;
of Stonehenge itself; of Celtic fields near Ann’s Farm, Cholderton; of
Charlton Down (near Pewsey) ; of Young Plantation in Orcheston St. Mary ;
of Compton, in Enford; of Middle Hill, near Warminster ; of Soldier’s
Ring, in S. Damerham, formerly in Wilts and now in Hants; of Yarnbury
Castle; of Scratchbury Camp; and gives an Ordnance folding Map of
Figheldean Down, on which the extensive series of rectangular Celtic fields
as visible in air photographs have been laid down, as well as a larger map
of Central Hampshire treated in the same way. It is, however, a pity that
the more delicate lines clearly visible on silver prints of the air photographs,
as, for instance, those of the Avenue of Stonehenge, do not lend themselves
to reproduction by half-tone blocks, and are quite invisible on the plate
here given. On the other hand, the internal ditch of Scratchbury comes
out well, but the circular internal ditch of Yarnbury is barely visible. This
internal ditch had not been marked on the later editions of the Ordnance
Maps, though it was marked on the 1808 Survey, and had been forgotten
until air photographs called attention to it again. ‘The photograph of
Charlton Down shows the original rectangular system overlaid by the strip
system, and the terraced lynchets, of Compton (Enford) and Middle Hill
come out very clearly.
Excavations at East Grimstead, Wiltshire. Being
a record of the discovery of a Roman Villa, with
plans of the site, of the excavations, and other
illustrations. By Heywood Sumner, F.S.A. London:
Printed at the Chiswick Press, Tooks Court, Chancery Lane, E.C. 4, and
to be obtained there. 1924. Price 3s. 6d. net.
8vo., paper covers, pp. 54. A geological map showing Roman sites near
West Dean, Ground Plan of the site of the Villa, four other plans with
sketch views, six plates of relics, and four cuts in the text.
This is a record of the author’s excavation of a Roman villa at East |
Grimstead, near West Dean, in 1914, 1915, and 1922—24, in the same |
charming form as the monographs in which he has recorded his previous |
diggings. It is, indeed, in many ways a model of what such a record should |
be. The account of the diggings of 1914 appeared in the “ Festival Book |
of Salisbury” of that year—but no report of the subsequent completion of |
the work has appeared before this. In the picturesque “Introduction” he 4
suggests that the best way to reach the site is by Eyre’s Folly, now known }
as the “Pepper Box,’ the small hexagonal brick tower bearing the 4
Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles. 131
inscription ‘‘ Kyre’s Folly, erected when Brickwell House was built by Giles
Eyre Esqre in 1606,” called on the Ordnance Map of 1817 “ Eyre’s
Summerhouse.” He notes that in the whole area of the New Forest no
Roman villa site has been discovered. ‘The soil was not good enough for
the practical Roman farmers ; whereas just outside the borders of the Forest
there were “ Villas” at West Dean, East Grimstead, and no doubt also at
Holbury, although the actual site of the latter has not been identified. He
mentions, also, incidentally, that “'T'wo worn Sestertii, one of Antoninus
Pius (A.D. 181—161), the other illegible, a Roman horseshoe, stone tiles,
nails, and many sherds of ornamental and coarse New Forest ware have
been found at Farley Farm, in a field belonging to Mr. E. S. Williams, on
the southern side of Hound Wood, but I have failed to locate any wall
foundations on this site.’ He compares the house at East Grimstead with
those at West Dean, close by, and at Rockbourne Down, Hants. The latter
was a poor man’s, West Dean a rich man’s, Kast Grimstead a “ well-to-do
man’s” house. The first portion of the site excavated proved to be a bath
house, isolated from the rest of the building, and eventually two more bath
houses, similarly isolated, were found. In the first he notes that a heap of
148 oyster shells were found, and there was a semicircular bath, as at Box.
Two of these buildings had hypocausts, and all the arrangements for hot
and cold chambers, but the third, a small building, a considerable distance
away from the house itself, had only a cold bath, 6ft. x 5ft., lined with
hard pink mortar, and with steps down to it, in perfect preservation. This,
_he suggests, may have served for the slaves working on the farm. In this
connection a note by the late Prof. Haverfield on the numerous examples of
these isolated bath houses, both in Britain and on the Continent, is given.
He considers that they were so isolated to minimise the danger of fire—and
in many cases a single bath house served perhaps for a village, or several
small houses, which, being built of mud, cob, or wattle and daub, have left
no remains behind them. ‘lhe house itself was of corridor type, 142ft. long,
and éleven rooms were excavated, whilst the site of probably two more had
been destroyed by flint-diggers. One of the rooms, 19ft. 6in. square, was
warmed by a composite hypocaust, with a flue leading from the firehole
outside to the centre from which four other flues led to the walls and ended
in Box tiles leading up the inner face of the wall and not imbedded in the
masonry. Otherwise, except in the bath houses, no hypocausts seem to
have been discovered, and no tessellated floors except in one room, where
plain cream-coloured tesserz alone occurred. One room was floored with
tiles 8in. square, all the rest, except one, with puddled chalk and pebble
_ stone. Fragments of window glass were found in all the rooms except two.
He notices that ‘‘ Heathstone” from the Tertiary sands of the New Forest
is used for the cheeks of hypocaust furnace walls on all Roman sites in the
_ neighbourhood, and that the slab stone roofing tiles are from Purbeck. A
curious point is raised in connection with a large block of freestone 2ft.
square, standing 5ft. outside the southern foundation with a + incised on
_ its upper surface. Mr. Sumner suggests the possibility of this having been
a “central stone,” marking the cardinal points, in accordance with which
the plan of the building was set out. He says that as a matter of fact all
Kee?
132 Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles.
the walls of the building do accord with this +, but he does not dogmatise
on the point, merely stating the case for and against “Centuriation” in
Britain. Three curious “ fireplaces” were found, two in the yard and one
in the middle of one of the rooms, rather after the fashion of the ** T-shaped
hypocausts” common in “ British villages” on the Downs. These Mr.
Sumner assigns to “ Squatters”’ on the site, after the abandonment of the
villa as a residence. This, he thinks, was the result of gradual desertion
and decay rather than of any sudden disaster. Of the objects found, which
have all been placed in the Salisbury Museum, most of them found not in the
rooms butina ditch drain into which rubbish was thrown, the most notable
were fifty-nine coins, from Gallienus, A.D. 253, to Valentinian, 365—375,
a silver spoon of the usual type, a white glass bowl, and many fragments of
blue, amber, and olive-green glass vessels, Samian ware of A.D. 100 to 135,
many bone pins with knob tops, bronze amulets, a bronze brooch of La
Tene III. type, iron gouge, keys, knives, pruning hook, sandal cleats, &c., a
bone counter with five pips, a curious double-handled globular pottery
vessel of Belgic affinities, the base of a pottery candlestick, a mortarium
with a curious spout, and some of the stamped ware from Ashley Rails.
Nine hundred and thirty-three oyster shells were found in the ditch, to-
gether with mussel and snail shells (Helzx pomatia).
Chippenham in Bygone Days. Compiled by
George A. H. White. Devizes. Printed by George Simpson &
Co., Wiltshire Gazette Office. 1924. Cloth, 1lin. X 74in., pp. 33, 24 plates.
Paper covers, 5s. ; cloth, 10s.
This is a book of plates with just enough letterpress to each to explain
it properly. As Mr. White says, these’ reproductions “ include most of
the old views and plans of Chippenham which I have been able to find,”
all except three being reproductions of original maps and plans or oil or
water-colour drawings, not accessible to the public. They are well re-
produced and the presentment of them in this form is a happy idea of the
compiler. Thearms of the borough are illustrated and their origin explained.
The Map of the Town and Borough by John Powell, 1784, belonging to the
Corporation, the Map of the Borough Lands in 1781, and the Plan of the
Borough by J. and W. Newton, at the beginning of the nineteenth century,
showing the position of the 129 Burgage, or Free Houses, and a plan showing
the Bath Road and Lowdon Hill in 1742, by I. Overton, when the main
road opposite Ivy House was only 9ft. wide. It is noted that before 1802,
when the new Derry Hill road was made, the coaches from Calne came to
Chippenham by Studley and Stanley. A drawing of Monkton Old Manor
House, with the gardens running down to the river, is reproduced from a
Map of the Manor of Monkton of 1710. The present house on the same
site was apparently built after 1778. A sketch of the history of the manor
is given. Originally the private demesne of the Crown, it was given by the
Empress Matilda to Monkton Farleigh Priory. At the Dissolution it was
granted to Sir Edward Seymour, the Protector. In 1676 Lady Elizabeth
Seymour, the heiress, married Thomas Lord Bruce, Ear] of Ailesbury, and in
1686 they sold the property to Thomas Goddard, of Rudloe, gent., and
Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles. 133
Arthur Easmeade, of Calne, woollen draper, Hasmeade eventually taking
the manor and a portion of the estate, and Goddard taking the rest. Arthur
Easmeade died 1705, and his son, a lunatic, in 1778.
The Old Town Hall is reproduced from a water-colour sketch, and a plan
of the Shambles in 1856 is given, together with a reproduction of a drawing
of the Buttery and the Shambles from a water-colour sketch. The pictu-
resque Butter Cross was pulled down in 1889 and the stone pillars which
supported its roof are now in the grounds of Castle Combe Manor House.
The Market Place (S.E. side) and Town Pump, from a water-colour of 1820 ;
the same, from the S.W., from a sketch of the same date; a Ground-Plan
of the Church, in 1787, showing the allotment of the pews; the Interior
of the Church, looking west in 1830, from a drawing ; the Interior,
looking East, from a drawing of later date, shows the Norman
chancel arch removed to the north side of the chancel in the restoration of
1874—8. A more accurate view of this last is the reproduction of a photo-
graph taken before 1874. It is noted that the Old Vicarage, exchanged for
the present house in 1826, was the house called ‘“‘ The Limes,” No. 15, St.
Mary Street. The present Vicarage belonged to Jonathan Rogers, and
afterwards to Rogers Holland, M.P. for Chippenham, 1727—1741, who
covered a well in the garden supposed to possess medicinal virtues, with a
vaulted building and called it Chippenham Spa. The illustration of the
Town Bridge is from Robertson’s Itinerary of the Bath Road, published
1792. The bridge was altered and widened in 1796 and again in 1878, and
the view of it from Britton’s Beauties of Wilts in 1815 is given. The High
Street, North-East End; The Bell Inn, in the Market Place ; The Three
Crowns Inn (The Causeway) ; Monkton Hill; Fair Day at Chippenham,
1865; are all from water-colours. ‘The welcome to Joseph Neeld, M.P., at
the opening of the Cheese Market, 1850, is from an illustrated paper, and
Nos. 24 and 25, High Street, the author’s home, the finest piece of domestic
architecture in the town, and one of the nicest things of its kind in the
county, is from a photograph. Mr. White thinks that this facade was added
to the older house, together with the fine oak staircase and panelling and
fireplaces between 1749 and 1777.
Noticed, Wiltshire Gazette, Aug. 28th, 1924.
The Monastic Church of Amesbury. A con-
_troversy revived—and closed. This is the title of a long
| article of four columns in the Wiltshire Gazette, Sept. 11th, 1924, in which
| an extremely useful review is given of the history and cause of the con-
| troversy which has been carried on at intervals ever since Canon Jackson
_read his paper on Amesbury Monastery in 1867. He decided on the
_ whole against the documentary evidence of the destruction of the monastic
| Church, that the existing Church is that of the monastery. This conclusion
| was apparently accepted by everybody until the Wilts Arch. Soc.’s meeting
at Amesbury in 1899, when Mr. C. H. Talbot, supported by the Rev. C. S.
| Ruddle, contended that the Parish Church was not the monastic Church,
'Mr. Doran Webb maintaining the contrary opinion that it was. In 1900
Mr, Ed. Kite wrote a series of articles in Welts Notes and Queries on
|
|
j
-|
134 Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles.
Amesbury Monastery, giving an account of some excavations at the back
of the present Mansion House in which remains of the monastic buildings
were found, and marshalling the arguments in favour of the belief that the
existing Church was that of the monastery, as local tradition has apparently
always asserted, arguing that the chancel of the Church was the monastic
Church, of which the roof, &c., was destroyed, whilst the nave—the parochial
Church—was left. Mr. Talbot also in Wilts Notes and Queries attacked
these arguments, but the writer of the present article distinctly considers
that Mr. Kite had the best of the dispute all round. Two useful plans
accompany the article, one of the Church, the other of the Church, park,
and mansion, showing the site, at the back of the house, where the excava-
tions were made in 1860, and the spot to the left of the house, where monastic
remains were taken down in 1826. In the Wiltshire Gazette, Sept. 18th,
1924, Mr. H. Brakspear replies to this article in a short letter contending
that as all monastic orders had a certain general plan to which their
buildings more or less approximated, it was natural to expect that the
monastic Church of Amesbury would correspond in size and style with
that of Nuneaton, in Warwickshire, founded about the same time, and the
only other large house of the order of Fontevrault in England. ‘The dimen-
sions of the latter correspond fairly nearly with the documentary dimen-
sions of the Amesbury Abbey Church, but neither these dimensions nor the
architectural features of Nuneaton correspond with those of the existing
Parish Church of Amesbury. Mr. Brakspear ends his. letter by a confident
prophecy that if permission to excavate on the site could be obtained he
would prove his assertion within a month of beginning todig. In the issue
of Sept. 25th appear short letters from the Rev. E. Rhys Jones (Vicar) and
Mr. L. E. Williams (author of a good little account of the Church), reiterating
their belief that the present Church is the Church of the monastery, and
citing the apparent evidence of a cloister on the north side of the nave, and
entrances to it from the Church, &., and hoping that permission might be
obtained to dig and settle the matter. Summing up the arguments in notes
in the same issue (Sept. 25th), the Editor allows the importance of Mr.
Brakspear’s opinion, and urges recourse to the spade. On Oct. 2nd Mr.
Ed. Kite reiterates the arguments for the existence of only one Church at
Amesbury, more especially the dedication to St. Melore, and the absence
of any mention of a second Church.
More Notes on Amesbury Church. Carter’s
Scheme of Restoration. Wilts Gazette, Sept. 18th, 1924, has a
further article on the Church. The screen cast out in the restoration of
1852—53 was given by Sir Edmund Antrobus to Mr. Job Edwards, who
built a room to contain it. After his death it was removed to a stable, and
from thence to Amesbury Abbey, whence it was returned again to the
Church. At the Society’s visit to the Church in 1924 the Vicar exhibited
a water-colour of the south side, by a Mr. Baskerville, painted in 1794, which
shows the Old Vicarage, asmall house between the Church and the present
Vicarage. This was enlarged by Mr. Fulwar Fowle, but pulled down by
Mr. Phelps, and its site has become the private burial ground of the Antrobus
|
|
|
}
Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles. 135
family. The drawing also shows the large porch to the doorway into the
Church at the south-west corner of the nave, then the usual entrance,
removed in 1853 on the ground that people going into Church were annoyed
by the idlers who congregated in the porch. The door also was built up.
In the Library of the Museum at Devizes there is a drawing of the south
side of the Church, by Owen B. Carter, dated 1848, intended to be published,
which, instead of depicting the actual condition of the Church at that date,
when the south end of the transept consisted of a round-headed doorway,
a tall narrow round-headed window over it, and above that a small oval
window, all of the eighteenth century, shows three lancet windows as they
are to-day, but without any door. The explanation appears to be that
Carter prepared plans for the restoration at the same time as Butterfield, or
before him. ‘Two sheets of these plans were exhibited to the Society at
Amesbury by the Vicar, and the ground-plan which accompanied them, is
in the Society’s Library. He proposed to remove the Perpendicular window
at the east end and substitute a group of five lancets, to replace the two
large Decorated windows in the chancel by lancets, to add a clerestory to
the nave, and to add a fourth window to the north wall of the nave. In
fact Butterfield’s actual restoration was the most conservative plan of the
two.
Marlborough College Nat. Hist. Soc. Report for the
Year 1922. Several birds rare in North Wilts were noted during the
year. Golden Oriole seen near Knowle, Shag killed by the telegraph wires
on the Ogbourne Road, Goldeneye shot at Stitchcombe, Great Grey Shrike
seen between Aldbourne and Baydon, Cirl Bunting at Rainscombe and
Cherhill, Wryneck heard at Bedwyn Brails, Pochard and Teal on Coate
Reservoir. Snipe and Redshank nested again.
The botanical section reports ten new species or hybrids as added to the
list, but several of these are obviously escapes or casuals, such as Potentilla
norwegica at Pewsey Station. Hypericum androsemum was found in the
Forest, Anchusa sempervirens (possibly only an escape) at Milton Lilbourne,
Alisma lanccolatum Kennet and Avon Canal, Mentha pipertta Bedwyn
Brails (perhaps an escape), Geranium pheum, Saponaria, Polemonium
| coeruleum, Ornithogalum pyrenaicum, Potomogeton alpinus.
The entomological section reports Clouded Yellow, Pale Clouded Yellow,
, and Comma as fairly common, and notes the capture of a single specimen
)
| caught at Pewsey.
|
|
2 |
| of Pararge negera (Wall Butterfly) “a species that has grown very scarce.”
A specimen of Lycena argus was caught in 1921. A young adder was
Mr. H. C. Brentnall gives an extremely useful digest of references to the
Castle, from 1070 down to 1922, filling eight pages, the authority for each
reference being given, accompanied by a good reproduction of the drawing
of the Castle Mound from the east in 1788. Mr. C. P. Hurst sends lists of
| Mollusea, Mosses, Hepatics, Lichens, Plant Galls, and Rust Fungi recently
observed, including a rust, Pucconra Phlecpratensis, which appears to be
| new to Britain.
|
|
|
136 Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles.
Salisbury, South Wilts, and Blackmore Museum,
Annual Report for 1923—24. Pamphlet, 8vo, pp. 15.
During the past year the total number of visitors to the museum was
9021. The great event of the year has been the completion and opening
for use of the “ Edward Stevens Lecture Theatre,” admirably equipped for
the purposes for which it is intended. ‘he committee record their special
thanks to Mr. William Wyndham, of Orchard Wyndham, Taunton, for the
gift of £400 to form a “Specimen Fund, as well as a donation of £100
towards the Lecture Theatre. As usual Mr. Stevens records many courses
of lectures attended by some 1716 children in addition to adults. The
number of annual subscribers to the museum is 94, contributing a sum of
£60 18s. 6d.
Life and Letters of George Wyndham. By J. W.
Mackail and Guy Wyndham. London. Hutchinson
& Co., Paternoster Row. [1925.] Two vols. 8vo. Vol. I.,
pp. vill. + 406. Vol. II., pp. vi. + 408—817.
The portraits include George Wyndham (2), George and Guy Wyndham
(4), George Wyndham and his son, the Hon. Percy Wyndham, the Hon.
Percy and Mrs. Wyndham, The Hon. Mrs. Percy Wyndham (2), Percy
Lyulph Wyndham, Lady Grosvenor with son, and Sargent’s picture of
the Three Sisters. There is also a view of Clouds House. The scope
of these two stout volumes is defined in the preface. “The Letters of
George Wyndham that have been preserved constitute an almost com-
plete autobiography. Those available are given here practically in their
entirety, the omissions being mainly to avoid repetition. . . . The
aim has been to retain sufficient to present a true picture of a life so
full of diverse interests.” The life written by.Mr. Mackail occupies
the first 127 pages, the letters the remainder. There is a chapter on
the ancestry and descent of the family, and the sketch of George Wyndham’s
public and private life sets forth the lines on which it was lived—but as the
preface foreshadows, the immense series of letters fill the bulk of the book.
Few of them are long ones, all of them witness to the extraordinary width of
his interests and the eagerness with which he entered into everything, hunt-
ing and art, travelling and politics, literature and the cares of a great landed
estate, music, poetry, Irish government and sport of all kinds, nothing came
amiss to him. He lived a full and brilliant life, and through it all, as these
letters bear constant witness, shone the tenderest family affection, especially
for his mother and his only son, Percy. His own almost sudden death in
June, 1913, saved him from what would have been the crushing sorrow of
that son’s death in action on Sept. 14th, 1914. The letters, singularly
readable, show the man as he lived in all his brilliancy.
Stonehenge. ‘‘ Druid Burials,” The announcement that
Mr. Jowett, First Commissioner of Works, had given permission to the
modern sect of the “ Druids” to bury the ashes of their dead within Stone-
henge, led to the passing of a strong resolution of protest at the Wilts
Archeological Society’s Meeting at Salisbury, which was duly reported in
Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles. 137
the 7imes of Aug. 13th, 1924, and other papers, and was followed by a series
of letters of protest in the same sense, from Lord Crawford & Balcarres,
President of the Society of Antiquaries, and Sir William Boyd Dawkins, in
the Times, of Aug. 28th, in which issue there appeared also a short leading
article supporting the protest,entitled “Stonehenge asa Cemetery.” Further
letters in the same sense from J. H. Round and J. U. Powell appeared in
the 7%mes on Aug. 31st.
On the other hand, “ A Druidical Apologetic,” signed by Arthur Thomas
ap Llewellyn, appeared in the Salisbury Journal, and was reprinted in the
Wiltshire Gazette, of Sept. 4th, 1924, claiming that the ‘‘ Druid Order” isas
old as the Church of England, and that they knew of the Aubrey Holes long
before they were discovered by Mr. Newall and Col. Hawley. These Aubrey
Holes he calls “Talamh Cupan,” and asserts that he was present when in
1919 the ashes of “Our Arch Abu B (G. W. Catchlove)” were buried in
one of these holes and that these ashes had been disturbed by Col. Hawley’s
excavation of the holes. If this really is a fact, it has to be considered
when weighing the evidence of the cremated interments found recently in
the Aubrey Holes.
Stonehenge as a Shadow Almanack. A letter from
Alfred Eddowes, M.D., to the Morning Post of June 17th, 1922, is reprinted
in Wiltshire Gazette, Sept. 4th, 1924, maintaining that theGrooved Blue Stone
was to hold a mast secured to it by withes, the marks of which he says can
still be seen, which formed the gnomon of a great dial, the 30 stones and 30
intervals forming the degrees or minutes, whilst the point formed on the
Slaughter Stone by the row of holes across its corner gave the line on the
avenue on which the shadow of the pole advanced or receded according to
the seasons.
The Purpose of Stonehenge. Following the publication in
the Wiltshire Gazette, Aug. 14th, 1924, of the paper read at the Salisbury
Meeting of the Wiltshire Archzeological Society, in August, 1924, on
“Stonehenge in the light of to-day,” in which he strongly advocated the
_ idea of the sepulchral origin and purpose of the structure, and a review of
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
q
|
'
|
\
Mr. EK, H. Stone’s book, “ 7'he Stones of Stonehenge,” also by Mr. Engleheart,
in the Wiltshire Gazette, July 17th, 1924, there followed a controversy in
the Wiltshire papers as to “ The Purpose of Stonehenge,” between Mr. E. H.
| Stone, F.S.A., and the Rev. G. H. Engleheart, F.S.A., the former having
| letters in the. Wiltshire Gazette, July 24th, and Sept. o5th ; the Wiltshire
| Times, Aug. 30th, and Sept. 27th; and ihe Salisbury Times, Sept. 26th ;
with rejoinders from Mr. [Djnellelneaias f in the Waltshire Times, Sept. 20th, orn
| the Salisbury Zimes, Sept. 19th, &c., each maintaining their own point of
| view with some asperity.
|
| Methuen & Co.” [1924]. Cr. 8vo, pp. ix. + 237. Contains a chapter,
pp. 46—53, on Stonehenge, an essay with a certain number of archzeological
Stonehenge. “In praise of England by H. J. Massingham.
terms thrown in. Later on in the same volume is a chapter headed ‘Maiden
138 Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles.
Castle, a Theory of Peace in Ancient Britain,” in which there is much talk
of Stonehenge and Avebury and “the Archaic Civilisation,” and “the
Children of the Sun” of Prof. Elliott Smith and W. J. Perry. The
Paleolithic Age of Hunters was a time of perfect peace and war was unknown
until later on. Civilisation all over the world sprung from Egypt, and
the Egyptians voyaged to the ends of the earth in search of gold and other
metals. . . . The great camps on the Downs are ‘certainly not post-
Bronze Age.” The Egyptians as sun-worshippers probably built Avebury —
at the centre of a flint-mining district, as all great megalithic structures are
placed in mining districts. (It 1s a little unfortunate that the two greatest,
Avebury and Stonehenge, happen to be placed on the chalk, where by no
stretch of imagination could anything but flint be mined.) “If, then,
Avebury, the Long Barrows, the Dolmens, and the great earthworks, are all
the product of the first Near East penetration of Britain, and if Stonehenge
and the Round Barrows continue the tradition in a lower key, we must look
for real war to a period subsequent to them both. For the best evidence
of peaceful conditions in pre-Celtic Britain concerns the megaliths, barrows,
and earthworks themselves. Consider their extraordinary abundance, both
in the Avebury and Stonehenge periods . . . they were reared in thou-
sands. How could hard warfare possibly co-exist with such a hum of in-
dustry all over the country side?” “The numerous stone circles of Britain
must have been a kind of aristocratic Rural District Council and Church
combined, with governing as well as priestly functions, and Avebury a
fusion of Whitehall and St. Paul’s.” When pushed to extreme, as it is here,
this theory seems extravagant and absurd, but it is quite possible—after
all notched glass beads of apparently Egyptian origin are found in the ~
round barrows of Wilts—there may be a grain of truth at the bottom of it. —
The Proceedings of the Meeting at Devizes, 20th
to 24th July, 1920, of the Royal Archzological
Institute and Wilts Arch Soc. are printed in the Archzological
Journal, vol. lxxvii. (Nos. 305—308) for 1920, pp. 323—357, with plans of
Old Sarum (3); Stonehenge (3 plans and view from air); Avebury (2
plans); and plans of 8S. Wraxall Manor, Great Chalfield Manor, The Barton
Barn, Bradford, and Devizes Castle. Some account of Stonehenge with an
abstract of Col. Hawley’s address on the excavations is given. Fifty-six
“ Aubrey Holes” had been located, and the presence of 4 more, making 60
in all, was probable, of these 23 had been excavated, many of them contained
cremated remains, placed there when the holes were filled up with chalk.
From the appearance of the sides of the holes it looked as though stones
had once stood in them and had been removed from them, possibly the
Blue stones, which may have formed the original circle, and were removed |
to the interior of the structure when the sarsens were afterwards erected.
The slaughter stone now lies in a long pit evidently dug to bury it, there
is nothing to show when this was dug, but a large hole was found close
to it on the west side, in which apparently the stone once stood erect. In
this hole only two deer horn picks were found. That the pit in which it
now lies was dug later than the Aubrey holes was proved by the fact that
Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Artucles, 139
one of the latter had been cut into when the pit was dug. Speaking as a
geologist Sir William Boyd Dawkins dismissed the idea that the Blue
stones could possibly be drift boulders brought to the Plain by ice action.
There was a clear geological proof that no part of England S. ofa line drawn
between Bristol and London was ever glaciated. They were obviously
brought to the Plain by man. A note on the barrows follows. There is a
note on West Lavington Church, and a fuller one on Bishops Cannings. As
to the “ Carrell,” or ‘‘ Seat of Meditation,” in the latter Church, Sir Henry
Howorth and Mr. Aymer Vallance were of opinion that it was of post-
Reformation date. Some account of Wansdyke, the Avebury circles, the
Church and Manor House, and Silbury Hill follows. S. Wraxall Manor
House, the Saxon and Parish Churches, and the Barton Barn at Bradford,
Westwood Manor and Church, Great Chalfield Manor House, Potterne
Church and Porch House, Edington Church, Steeple Ashton Church, the
red-brick granary in the garden of the Manor House there, the Manor House
and Talboys at Keevil, the Castle and Churches of Devizes, with Brownstone
and Greystone Houses and the Museum, are all shortly described. As to
St. John’s Church, Mr. Brakspear’s remarks on the tower are noted. He
thought that the south-west pier of the tower collapsed in the 17th century
and brought down with it the whole of the south and most of the west side
of the tower. He suggested the 17th century as the date because medizval
builders would not have rebuilt the tower as it was before, but have made
a clean sweep of it. The fact that three of the bells were placed in the
tower in 1670 suggests some general re-arrangement at that time. The re-
builders, however, took extraordinary care in replacing the Norman work
outside. The evidence of the rebuilding is to be seen in the fact that the
patch of the diamond pattern panelling of the wall over the western arch
occurs only on the north side, the arcades inside the ringing chamber are
_ only partially continued on to the south and west walls, and the base of the
south-west pier supporting the tower does not quite correspond with the
base of the north-west pier. In the south and west walls of the interior,
too, certain carved stones are not in their right position.
140
ADDITIONS TO MUSEUM AND LIBRARY.
Museum,
Presented by Mr. R. S. Newatt, F.S.A.: Cast of British coin found at
99
99
Bapton, Fisherton de la Mere.
» CAPT. AND Mrs. B.H. Cunninaton : The objects found during
their excavations at Figsbury Rings. Bronze arrow-
head from Enford. The Drinking Cup from Lockeridge
(found with fine flint dagger). Three Bronze Fibule
from Marlborough neighbourhood.
» Lr.-Con. R. L. WALLER, C.M.G.: Cinerary Urn from N. side
of Barrow No. 19, Figheldean.
» Mr. Percy Farrer: Pointed Bone Implement and frag-
99
99
99
39
93
99
ments of Beaker pottery from pit on Bulford Down,
1917. Bone comb found with skeleton near New
Plantation, Amesbury, 1920. Medizeval pottery and
flint strike-a-light found at Knighton Farm, Durrington,
1923. Teeth and Antler of very large Red Deer from
gravel at Alton Magna. Human skull and bones from
top of Barrow E.of Bulford Camp. Human skull from
pit near New Buiidings, Figheldean, and another from
a pit at Alton Magna.
Dr. R. C. C. Cray, F.S.A.: Large Cinerary Urn from barrow
on Barrow Hill, Ebbesbourne Wake. ‘The whole of
the collection of objects found during the excavation of
Early Iron Age pits on Swallowcliffe Down, 1924.
The whole of the objects found during the excavations
of a Saxon Cemetery at Broadchalke, 1924.
Mr. JoHN TANNER: Quern from Colerne.
Rev. H. G. O. Kenpatt, F.S.A.: The whole of the objects,
pottery, fragments of Sarsen rubbers, animal bones,
etc., found by him in: his excavation of the Ditch of
Windmill Hill Camp, Avebury. A quantity of frag-
ments of pottery, and four coins from a Romano-British
site disclosed by flint digging on Winterbourne Monkton
Down. Fragments of pottery and flints found with a
crouched skeleton on Winterbourne Monkton Down.
Magor ScaRtTH (late Wilts Regt.) : A set of standard weights
and measures of Bradford-on-Avon.
THe Rev. tHE Hon. Canon B. P. Bouverte: A Fibula of
white metal and fused glass bead (?) from Roman inter-
ment at Stanton St. Quintin.
Mr. C. E. Pontine, F.8.A.: Roman coin from Stanley Copse,
Lockeridge.
;
Additions to Museum and Library. 141
Library.
Presented by THE Ear or Pemproxg, through Mr. O.G. 8. Crawrorp :
A number of old Maps of the Wilton Estate.
» Canon Knusiey: Drawing.
» Mr. H. W. Dartnett: “The Ground Ash, A Public School
Story.” Salisbury, 1874. Melksham and Shaw Parish
Magazine, 1900—1908. Amesbury Deanery Magazine,
1924.
» THE Epirors, M.V. Tavior and R. G. CoLLING woop, “Roman
Britain in 1923.” Reprinted from The Journal of
Roman Studies.
» THE AuTHoR, Mr. Heywoop Sumner, F.S.A.: “ Excava-
tions at East Grimstead,” 1924.
» Rev. E. H. Gopparp: “Notes of the Family of Mervyn of
Pertwood, by Sir W. R. Drake. Privately printed, 1873.”
Revised Map of Salisbury Diocese. Sarum Almanack.
“North Wilts Church Magazine,” “Sarum Diocesan
Gazette,” for 1924.
» Mr. J- J. StapE: Twenty Wilts Estate Sale Catalogues,
» Capr. B. H. Cunnrncron: Old Programmes of the Society’s
Meetings. Bank notes of old Wiltshire Banks. “Some
Annals of the Borough of Devizes. Being a Series of
Kixtracts from the Corporation Records, 1555 to 1791.
By B. H. Cunnington, 1925.”
» Rev. H. E. Kercutry: Articles on Biddestone in Bristol
Observer.
» THE PUBLISHERS, Messrs. Mowspray: “Frederick Edward
. Ridgeway, Bishop of Salisbury. A Memoir by E. Cross,
1924,”
» Mr. R. Steere: Old Wiltshire Deed.
» THE Autor, Canon J. M. J. Fiercuer: “The SS. Collar
in Dorset and elsewhere.” 1924. ‘“ Notes on the Cathe-
dral Church of St. Mary the Blessed Virgin, Salisbury.”
Revised Edition. 1924.
» Mrs. Story Masketyne: ‘The Bristol Diocesan Review ”
for 1924,
» Miss Eyre Matcuam, through Lorp Hzryrrspory: A
number of Letters as to the raising of the Militia in
Wilts. 1800—1810.
» Mr. W. R. Supweexs: “The Bear Hotel, Devizes, and its
History.”
» THE Autuor, Mr. H. Braxspzar, F.S.A.: “The Church
of St. Bartholomew, at Corsham, in Wiltshire.” 8vo,
1924.
» Miss M. K. Swayne Epwarps: Two Wilts Photographs.
» [THE AuTuHor, Miss IsapeL TRuMPER: “A Song of Roumania
and other Short Poems.” 1924.
142 Additions to Musewm and Lnbrary.
Presented by THE AutTHoR, “ Mary WILTSHIRE ” (Miss Ison): “ Patricia |
Ellen.” (Scene laid at Avebury.)
Mr. G. Lanspown: Photograph of ancient gravestone.
= » Rev. H. E. KetcHiey: Cuttings.
Mr. I. T. Rutz: Twenty-five back numbers of the Magazine, |
Inquisitiones, &c.
3 » Mr. B. H. A. Hankey: Nine Photographs of Stanton St.
Quintin Church.
45 » Mr. R.T.SaDier : The Earldom of Salisbury,by J.G. Nichols. |
Wiltshire Parish Registers, Marriages. Fourteen vols. |
A » THE LATE Mr. JOHN SADLER: The whole of his MS. Col-
lections of Notes on Genealogical Matters connected
with Wilts, &.
Tue AutnHor, Mr. V. F. Manuey: Folk Lore of the War-
minster District.” 1924. Also, “Warminster, Wilts.
Official Publication of the Warminster Urban District |
Council.” 1924. |
A , Miss Hampton: Devizes Road Act. |
THe AutHor, Mrs. Ricoarpson, of Purton House: “The
Parting of the Way.” A novel. 1925.
a ee
C. H. Woodward, Printer and Publisher, Exchange Buildings, Station Road, Devizes.
THE SOCIETY’S PUBLICATIONS (Continued).
STONEHENGE AND ITS BARROWS, by W. Long, Nos. 46-47 of the
Magazine in separate wrapper 7s. 6d. This still remains one of the best and
_ most reliable accounts of Stonehenge and its Harthworks,
WILTSHIRE—The TOPOGRAPHICAL COLLECTIONS OF JOHN
AUBREY, F.R.S., A.D. 1659-1670. Corrected and enlarged by the Rev.
Canon J. Ei. Jackson, M.A., F.S.A. 4to, Cloth, pp. 491, with 46 plates,
' Price £2 10s. |
WILTSHIRE INQUISITIONES POST MORTEM. CHARLES I, 8vo,
pp. vii. + 501. 1901. With full index. In 8 parts, as issued. Price 13s.
DITTO. IN THE REIGNS OF HEN. IIL, ED. [., and ED. II. 8vo.
pp. xv. 505. In parts as issued, Price 13s,
DITTO. FROM THE REIGN OF ED. III. 8vo., pp. 402. In six
_ parts as issued. Price 13s.
A BIBLIOGRAPHY or tHe GREAT STONE MONUMEN'S oF
WILTSHIRE, STONEHENGE, anp AVEBURY, with other references,
i by W. Jerome Harrison, F.G.S., pp. 169, with 4 illustrations. No. 89, Dec.,
} 1901, of the Magazine. Price 5s. 6d. Contains particulars as to 947 books,
papers, &e., by 732 authors,
THE TROPENELL CARTULARY. An important Honled in 2 vols., 8vo,
pp. 927, containing a great number of deeds connected with property in many
Wiltshire Parishes of the 14th and 15th centuries. Only 150 copies were
printed, of which a few are left. Price to members, £1 10s., and to non-
members, £2.
oan oe cll pc sina
BOOKBINDING.
Ea Books carefully Bound to pattern.
Wilts Archological Magazine bound to match previous volumes.
|
| We have several back numbers to make up sets.
|. H. WOODWARD, Printer and Publisher,
: Exchange Buildings, Station Road, Devizes,
THE
North Wilts Museum and
LIBRARY AT DEVIZES.
varying from £2. to,5s..to the. amount of about £30 a year for thie
purpose have been given since then by about sixty Members of |
the, Society and the fund thus . set on foot has enabled the
Committee to add much to the efficiency of the ‘Library and |
Museum. ;
It is very decane shit this fund should be falsed? to at. Teast
£50 a year in order that the General’ Fund of the Society may
be released to a large extent from’ the cost of the Museum: and |
set free for the other purposes of the Society.
Subscriptions of 5s, a year, or dpsrane are asked ‘for, and
should be sent either to: Mr: D. OwrEN, Bank Chambers, Devizes, |)
or Rev. iH. Gopparp, Clyffe Vicarage, Swindony © |
The Committee appeal to Members of the Society and other :
to secure any ~ 7
Objects of Antiquity,
AND ‘
Natural History Specimens,
found in the County of Wilts. and to forward them to the |
Hon. Curator, Mr. B, H. Cunnineron, Devizes ;
ipo
Whilst Old. Deeds, Modern Pampliets, gel
Portraits, Illustrations from recent Maga;
or Papers bearing in any way on the County
and Sale Particulars of Wiltshire Properties,
as_ well as local Parish Magazines, ig
will be .most ship tilly received for the Library by. the TVEV
K. H, Gopparp, Clyffe Vicarage, Swindon, Hon. Librarian. |
C. He WOODWARD, MACHiWE PRINTER, DEVIZES,
No CXLIIL DECEMBER, 1925. Vou. XLII.
Archeological & Natural History
MAGAZINE, o
PupLisnED UNDER THE Direction OF THE |
SOCIBTY FORMED IN THAT COUNTY,
APD: 18530: |
EDITED BY
|
|
WILTSHIRE
REV. E. H. GODDARD, Clyffe oe Swindon.
[The authors of the papers printed in this “‘ Magazine” are alone responsible for all,
statements made therein. |
DEVIZES :
PRINTED FOR THE Society By C. H. Woopwarp
EXCHANGE BUILDINGS, STATION Roap
Price 8s. Members, Gratis.
[N.B.—The Plan of Figsbury Rings accidentally omitted from No. 142
is issued with this number of the Magazine].
NOTICE TO MEMBERS.
TAKE NOTICE that a copious Index for the preceding eight
volumes of the Magazine will be found at the end of Vols.
Viii., xvi, xxiv., and xxxil, The subsequent Volumes are
each fully indexed separately,
The annual subscription is now raised to los. 6d., the entrance fee
for new Members remaining 10s. 6d. as before.
Members who have not paid their Subscriptions to the Society for
the current year, are requested to remit the same forthwith to
the Financial Secretary, Mr. DaviID Owen, Bank Chambers,
Devizes, to whom also all communications as to the supply
of Magazines should be addressed.
The Numbers of this Magazine will be delivered gratis, as issued,
to Members who are not in arrear of their Annual Sipsanin-
tions, but in accordance with Byelaw No. 8 “The Financial
Secretary shall give notice to Members in arrear, and the
Society’s publications will not be forwarded to Members whose
Subscriptions shall remain unpaid after such notice.”
All other communications to be addressed to the Honorary Secre-
tary: the Rev. HE. H. Gopparp, Clyffe Vicarage, Swindon.
THE SOCIETY’S PUBLICATIONS.
To be obtained of Mr. D. OWEN, Bank Chambers, Devizes.
THE BRITISH AND ROMAN ANTIQUITIES OF THE NORTH
WILTSHIRE DOWNS, by the Rev. A. C. Smith, M.A. One Volume, Atlas
4to, 248 pp., 17 large Maps, and 110 Woodcuts, Extra Cloth. Price £2 2s.
One copy offered to each Member of the Society at £1 11s. 6d.
THE FLOWERING PLANTS OF WILTSHIRE. One Volume, 8vo,
504 pp., with Map, Cloth. By the Rev. T. A. Preston, M.A. Price to the
Public 16s. ; but one copy offered to every Member of the Society at half-price.
CATALOGUE or tur STOURHEAD COLLECTION or ANTIQUITIES
IN THE SOCIETY'S MUSEUM, with 175 Illustrations. Part I. Price Is. 6d,
CATALOGUE oF ANTIQUITIES tn tor SOCIETY’S MUSEUM. <
Part II. 1911. Fully illustrated. Price 2s,
CATALOGUE or tHe SOCIETY’S LIBRARY ar toe MUSEUM.
Price ls.) APPENDIX No.1. II., and III., 3d. each.
CATALOGUE or DRAWINGS, PRINTS, anp Maps, In THE SOCIETY'S
LIBRARY at tHE MUSEUM. Price 1s. 6d.
CATALOGUE or WILTSHIRE TRADE TOKENS iw tue SOCIETY'S
COLLECTION. Price 6d.
BACK NUMBERS or tor MAGAZINE. Price to the Public, 8s., 5s. 6d.,
and 3s. 6d. (except in the case of a few numbers, the price of which is raised).
Members are allowed a reduction of 25 per cent. from these prices.
We
WILTSHIRE
Archeological & Natural History
MAGAZINE.
No. CXLIII. DECEMBER, 1925. Vou. X LILI.
Contents. PAGE.
SAVERNAKE Forest Funat, Part II.: By Cecil P. Hurst...... 143—155
FLINt IMPLEMENTS FROM THE NADDER VALLEY, SoutTH WILTs:
By R. C. C. Clay, M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P., F.S.A., F.R.A.D. ...... 156—162
THe CuurcH or S. Joun Tae Baptist, INGLESHAM, WILTS:
PVM Crp OMUNMGs KU OWA. feceassccs. (donciccceocenstssssenessoossoteee 163—167
THE Evans Famity or Nortu Wits: By Canon F, H. Manley 168—174
A ComPLeteE List oF THE ANCIENT MONUMENTS IN WILTSHIRE
SCHEDULED UNDER THEt ANCIENT MONUMENTS Act, 1913
(uombom Viacle 92S) ecncx. cen ncte soca csnceenceeccedcccesaecccebed acess. 1'75—179
Opsects FouND DURING EXCAVATIONS ON THE ROMANO-
BrRITIsH Site at Cop KircHEeNn HILL, BRIXTON DEVERILL,
noZaie by: I, de ©- Nam iKivelll co... 6c. se.ve-ccnccsoreescsnseses 180—191
THe CUSTOMS OF THE MANORS OF CALSTONE AND BREMHILL :
By the Earl of Kerry ...... SUNS ASEROCD 6 SUC HOB SEeCANOR Hever te a tenes 192—206
THE SO-CALLED ‘“‘KENWARD STONE” aT CHUTE CAUSEWAY,
NMllinseee bye Ell Sb (COCKE) GIAY ....-.0 seco eeeccsedaoseesecsvecesises 207—212
THE SEVENTY-SECOND GENERAL MEETING OF THE WILTSHIRE
ARCHHOLOGICAL AND NATURAL HIsToRY SOCIETY, HELD
AT CIRENCESTER, AUGUST 6th, 7th, and 8th, 1925............ 213—220
AV Puls Mm OIMUPARR Vise cae sn ciacas cece as Ons aceciaves. ceerseecesd se Owvicelesecogueies 221—226
WILTSHIRE Books, PAMPHLETS, AND ARTICLES. .........0..0.0000 227—251
ADDITIONS TO MUSEUM AND TiABRARY:-i5:c.c.-s0sescccecsessceteceee 251—252
ACCOUNTS OF THE SOCIETY FOR THE YEAR 1924 ... .....-c0ceeeee 253—255
_List oy OFFICERS AND MEMBERS OF THE SOCIETY ......-..00.+5 256—266
ILLUSTRATIONS.
Figsbury Camp—Plan (70 be inserted at p. 58 in No 142,
June, 1925).
Plates I. and II., Flint Implements from the Greensand
Terrace, 8. Waa. cee Melee ae ae ean 161
Figs. 1—6, Inglesham Church, Wilts............cccserscecescesseeees 163
Moredon House, Rodbourne Cheney Saitoh oe ace sesiiseabe od 168
Plates I. SNE, Objects found during Excavations at Cold
Kitchen Hill ...... 182
Plates [X.—XV., Objects found during Excavations at Cold
Kitchen Hill ..... 190
Map A.—The Open Fields of Calstone “Manor, showing the
Strips or Lynchets into which they were divided c. 1725... 194
Map B.—The Coombes of Calstone Down. From air photo-
graphs taken by Alex. Keiller, F.S.A., Scot. .................. 194
The so-called “ Kenward Stone,” at Chute Causeway ......... 208
Excavation of the so-called “Kenward Stone,” at Chute
A HUIS NVRY Pete eat mea sae a elelsnia sai isn) sc ccae se Qeasaee tee and ceavecees 209
Plan of Cuttings made at the Excavation of the so-called
“ Kenward Stone,” Chute Causeway.........cisceccecsosscscceecs 209
Devizrs :—C. H. Woopwarp, ExcHaNcE Buripinas, Station Roap.
|
rrp Ue Pry
\ if
Ficssury Came. PLan—Showing position and extent of the Excavations. Squares equal 50ft.
To face p. 58, Vol. xliii.
1S mccapregt
big
:
at
i
rs
r
“4
{8
moi
*
bn
ap ea Inet Sn
ddxon
ohn
4
WILTSHIRE MAGAZINE.
‘¢MULTORUM MANIBUS GRANDE LEVATUR ONUS.”—Ovid
No. CXLIII. DECEMBER, 1925. Vout. XLII.
SAVERNAKE FOREST FUNGI,
Part II. (For Part I. see W.A.M., xlii. 543—555).
3 By Cecrzu P. Hurst.
The following agarics, or toadstools, about seventy in number, have
recently (1923—1924) been observed in Savernake Forest and near the
neighbouring village of Great Bedwyn. Rare plants recorded are the
whitish Clitopilus Smithit, on Stokke Common,the elegant orange Pholiota
curvipes, in Foxbury Wood, the white-stemmed Inocybe pallidipes, and the
pretty little mushroom, Psalliota dulcidula, near Rhododendron Drive, and
the fleecy-capped and deliquescing Coprinus umbrinus, in Haw Wood.
Interesting fungi are also the white form (the var. verna) of the deadly
Amamta phalloides, found in Haw Wood, the large sooty and funereal-
looking Collybta fumosa, seen on West Leas and also in Haw Wood, the
uncommon downy-stalked Omphalia velutena, found in some quantity on
London clay at Dod’s Down in November, the brownish or fawn-coloured
Inocybe cervicolor, the cap and stem of which are bristly with recurved
fibrils, noticed in Foxbury Wood,the swollen-stemmed Stropharia merdaria
var. major, growing on sawdust near Rhododendron Drive, Wygrophorus
unguinosus with extremely sticky grey cap and stem, seen on West Leas
and in Haw Wood, and the much-dwarfed Russula punctata and its violet-
stalked var. violerpes, observed on the side of the road cutting in Reading
sands at Sadler’s Hill, near Great Bedwyn. In Lactarius scrobiculatus,
found in Chisbury Wood, and L. chrysorheus, gathered in Burridge Heath
Plantation, the white milk becomes bright sulphur-yellow in colour when
exposed to air ; every part of Z. flavedus, of which a number of plants were
seen in Chisbury Wood, turns violet when bruised or rubbed; and the
flesh of the crimson Cortinarius sanguineus, which occurred by the side of
the Grand Avenue in the Forest, exudes a blood-red juice when squeezed.
Poisonous plants noted are the pink-spored species, Volvaria gloiocephala,
_ growing in a copse near Rhododendron Drive in November, and Hntoloma
_lavidum, observed in Foxbury Wood in September, and mention is also
| made of the large edible Horse Mushroom (Psallzota arvensis), common
generally in the surrounding pastures and meadows. Jnocybe pyriodora,
)| VOL. XLITI.—NO. CXLII. L
144 Savernake Forest Fungi.
gathered in Foxbury Wood and near Rhododendron Drive, has a very
pleasant smell of ripe pears; but a disagreeably strong alkaline odour, some-
times, however, absent, characterizes Hntoloma nidorosum, also collected
in Foxbury Wood. The rosy-capped Aussula emetica, a very acrid species
promoting sickness and causing gastro-enteritis when eaten, was plentiful
under the beeches at the top of the Grand Avenue in the Forest ; the pileus
is much appreciated as an article of diet by slugs, which thrive upon this
irritant plant, as indeed they do upon the highly poisonous Amanita
phalloides. During the wet and mild December of the present year (1924)
the little brown agaric 7'ubarta furfuracea has been plentiful on the thatch ~
of barns at Great Bedwyn; it appears to be common in such situations
here all through the winter, the same plants persisting for weeks, if the
weather is warm and moist. An interesting discovery was made upon
Boxing Day, when the umbonate variety (var. wnbonata) of the sooty-
capped pink-spored Wolanea pascua was noted in a little clearing in a copse
through which Rhododendron Drive runs, and with it, favoured by the
climatic mildness, grew in some quantity fine specimens of the blackish cup-
shaped Clitocybe cyathiformis, a very characteristic fungus of December.
It may be mentioned that plants of the almond-scented Clitocybe geotropa,
forming an arc of a large circle, were seen on Merle Down in October ; this
is one of the handsomest of all the British agarics, and grows in autumn in
woods and pastures, sometimes in fairy rings of enormous size; it 1s an ex-
tremely fine fungus, though generally inferior in size to the huge C’. maxima,
also a not infrequent Bedwyn species. The well-known mycologist, Worthing-
ton G. Smith, stated that he knew ofa “ fairy ring ” of Clitocybe geotropa on
Dunstable Downs for forty or more years ; the diameter did not alter much
during that period, for sometimes it grew outwardly and sometimes inwardly.
Under favourable conditions of light it could be seen at a distance of more ~
than a mile. One of the earliest spring toadstools to make its appearance ~
near Great Bedwyn is the little brown purple-spored Hypholoma dispersum,
which is found towards the end of March and is rather common, sometimes ~
appearing in fairly large numbers, during April and May, upon the sloping ~
meadows on the Tertiary outliers near the village; the specific name,
dispersum, diffused or spread out, refers to its scattered mode of growth; ~
it is not usually a common plant, and sometimes grows on coniferous needles ~
and twigs, and on sawdust, but here, apparently, always occurs on grassy ©
swards. The range of the dark-coloured Cantharellus cinereus was much |
extended, and specimens of this generally infrequent species were seen near |
the Grand Avenue, near London Ride, and in Foxbury Wood ; it appears to |
be widely spread in the district. Among uncommon fungi gathered were | |
two specimens of the dusky form (the var. umbrina) of Amanita phalloides, |
noticed by the side of the Grand Avenue; the dark cap and dark adpressed | '
squamules on the stem make it easy of recognition. The conspicuous |)
handsome orange Pholiota spectabilis was observed growing finely on |
felled timber in the Forest; and additional localities, in Chisbury and i)
Foxbury Woods, were found for the large long-stemmed Amanitopsis |}
strangulata, which one would expect to occur in this chalky district, as it |
grows chiefly in wood and pastures on calcareous strata. Mushrooms were |
|
|
by Cecil P. Hurst. 145
remarkably scarce here in 1924, and I also saw exceptionally few of the
mushroom-shaped many-pored fungi known as bolets (Boletz). Tam much
indebted to Mr. Carleton Rea’s “ British Basidiomycetae” (1922) and also
to Mr. John Ramsbottom’s “A Handbook of the Larger British Fungi”
41923), and in writing this paper I have followed the latter for the arrange-
ment of the genera and the former for that of the species, and Mr. EK. W.
Swanton, of the Educational Muséum, Haslemere, ex-President of the
British Mycological Society, has again very kindly named the plants.
Amanita phalloides, var. verna (Vaill.) Fr. A few specimens under beeches
in Haw Wood in September; the white form of A. phalloides, which has been
described as a distinct species by Boudier, with oval spores 10O—14 xX 7—9
micromillimetres; an uncommon variety; it grew among the dry beech
mast. -
Tricholoma resplendens Fr. On the grassy expanse known as West Leas,
near Great Bedwyn ; entirely shining white, becoming yellowish externally
and internally; a rather common agaric. 7’. spermaticum (Paul.) Fr. In
a copse near London Ride, Savernake Forest ; wholly white with a somewhat
fleshy viscid cap, and a strong disagreeable smell; uncommon. 7’. fulvum
(D.C.) Fr. West Leas, a common 7richoloma, possessing a reddish-brown
sticky cap, rufescent stem attenuated at both ends, and light yellow gills.
7. columbetta Fr. Birch Copse, and also in a wood near London Ride;
entirely white, but occasionally spotted with red or blue; the spots are
probably due to the attacks of a parasitic Hypomyces ; a common species.
7’. vaccenum (Pers.) Fr. A few plants near Stokke Common, also, I think,
occurring in Foxbury Wood ; the cap is rufous, and is torn into scales; it
has a brownish stem, and whitish gills at length rufescent, is a common
plant, and is called vaccinum from its cow-like colour. T. argyraceum
(Bull.) Fr. Chisbury Wood; a common agaric with a whitish or pale grey
cap covered with grey scales and fibrils, often speckled with yellow, whitish
or greyish stem, and whitish gills ; it was found in September, and occurs
in beech, oak, and pine woods. T. enameenum Fr. A few specimens in
Bedwyn Brails. Cap dingy white and very dry; gills rather thick, very
broad and very distant; stem white, firm, and villous. An infrequent
plant occurring in fir woods; it resembles Hygrophorus eburneus, which
has a very glutinous cap and stem. In Zricholoma inamenum the cap is
very dry and the stem is pruinose. TZ. carneum (Bull.) Fr. A common
little flesh-coloured Z7’richoloma seen on West Leas at the end of May after
rainy weather; the gills are shining white and very crowded and the tough
| almost cartilaginous stem is at first flesh-coloured and then becomes pale;
| it is a plant of pastures, heaths, and downs. 7’. melaleucum (Per.) Fr.
Chisbury Wood, and near London Ride. The blackish cap contrasts with
the white gills and gives rise to the specific name melaleucum, melas, black,
| and leukon, white, Greek ; it is a frequent inhabitant of woods and fields,
| appearing from September to November.
Clitocybe hirneola Fr. Birch Copse; near the top of the Grand Avenue;
_near St. Katharine’s, Savernake Forest. An uncommon species with grey,
_ umbilicate,smooth,shining cap, elastic concolorous stem,and whitish crowded
_ gills. In the Forest it grew among dead leaves, but it also occurs among
L 2
146 Savernake Forest Fungi.
grass; it is found in September and October. C’. pithyophila (Secr.) Fr. A
poisonous plant of pine woods noticed in Bedwyn Brails at the beginning of
October ; it has a white irregularly-shaped cap, white stem often compressed,
and white very crowded gills; it is a common autumnal species. C. meta-
chroa (Fr.) Berk. A little Cletocybe which grew in Bedwyn Brails near the
above plant, with greyish cap, grey stem, and whitish cinereous, crowded
gills, it is a common species in fir woods from August to November.
Collybia fumosa (Pers.) Quél. A big blackish Collybia seen growing
among grass near Haw Wood, and on West Leas; it is not uncommon in
woods and pastures, during September and October. The deep sooty tint
of the whole plant is very characteristic, and makes it easily recognised.
C. prolixa (FJ. Dan.) Fr. A large brick-red ferruginous agaric found in two
localities in Savernake Forest; the gills are white and crowded ; it is an
uncommon species. C.acervata Fr. Under beeches at the top of the Grand
Avenue: a not infrequent plant with reddish flesh-coloured cap, which
turns white when dry ; the gills are linear, narrow, and crowded, and the ©
stem is rufous and sometimes brown ; it occurs on pine stumps from August
to October.
Mycena rugosa Fr. Haw Wood; the pileus is cinereous and becomes
pale, itis more or less corrugated ; the stem is very cartilaginous and the gills
are white and then grey ; it grows on stumps and old posts and is common.
NM. sanguinolenta (A.& 8.) Fr. A frequent J/ycena seen in Foxbury Wood,
with a pallid reddish pileus, which becomes dark, and an almost hair-like
stem containing a red juice; the pale reddish juice in the stem gives rise to
the specific, sanguinolenta, bloody. MM. galopus (Pers.) Fr. Another com-
mon Mycena found in Foxbury Wood ; it grows in woods, hedgerows, and
on wood piles from July to January, and has a brownish or greyish cap
with an indistinct darker umbo, white gills, and a fuscous or grey stem, the
base of which contains a milk-white juice, whence the specific name, galopus,
gala, milk, and yous, foot, Greek.
Omphalia velutina, Quél. An uncommon plant seen in November in
some quantity on London clay at Dod’s Down; the young stem is finely
tomentose, and the gills are yellowish-grey and narrow. O. fibula var.
Swartz Fr. A not infrequent variety of O. fibula which occurred in
Foxbury Wood; it differs from the type which also grows in Foxbury
Wood, in the firmer, at length plane pileus, with umbilicate fuscous
disc, and in the whitish stem, externally and internally violaceous at the
apex ; this variety grows among moss, short grass, and on charcoal heaps
from August to December.
Volvaria glovocephala (DC.) Fr. A very poisonous uncommon species,
with pink spores and dark viscid cap with smooth stem, noticed in a copse —
near Rhododendron Drive,in November; the gills are white, and then reddish,
and the smell and taste are unpleasant; the stem has at its base the
characteristic volva, or “ poison cup.”
Entoloma lividum (Bull.) Fr. Another poisonous pink-spored agaric
observed in Foxbury Wood at the end of August ; the grey cap contrasts
with the flesh-coloured gills; it is a not uncommon plant, appearing early
in the year, and containing irritant principles which cause gastro-enteritis
by Cecil P. Hurst. 147
if it is eaten. ZL. porphyrophaeum. A big Entoloma, growing on heathy
ground near Cobham Frith Wood in September ; the pileus is brown and
moist, the very broad gills are greyish-white, then reddish-grey, and the
solid, greyish, and clavate stem is streaked with violet or lilac fibrils ; an
uncommon fungus. #. amecdes B. & Br. On Conyger Hill in August,
and under beeches near the top of the Grand Avenue in September ; it is a
fleshy agaric which grows in woods and pastures, and has a peculiar smell,
unpleasant at first, then faintly like burnt sugar ; it is pale reddish-grey, with
whitish stem, and the flesh becomes reddish; a not infrequent plant. JZ.
jubatum Fr. A fungus of heaths and pastures growing in Tottenham Park
and in a field near Fairway, Great Bedwyn ; a common species with brown
floccoso-scaly or fibrillose cap, which is umbonate, and at first campanulate,
and then expanded and flattened ; the gills are dark fuliginous, then purple
fuliginous, and the stem is hollow and brownish, and is clothed with
Sooty fibrils. #. clypeatum (Linn.) Fr. A common plant found on West
Leas and on Conyger Hill and appearing as early as April; the fragile
pileus is grey and is variegated, or streaked with darker spots or lines ; it
is umbonate and finally flattened ; the gills become red—pulverulent with
the pinkish spores. . nidorosum Fr. Foxbury Wood; this frequent
plant usually has a strong alkaline smell, but not unfrequently it is quite
without any distinctive odour, yet is always recognizable by the shining
ileus, the flesh-coloured, broad, almost free gills, and the long white stem.
Clitopilus popinalis Fr. Very fine on West Leas in September; the
rather irregular grey cap is here and there mottled with guttate spots and
the margin is inrolled ; it grows on downs, sandy sea-shores, and in fields,
and is an uncommon species generally ; the specific name popinalis is from
the Latin popina, a cook-shop, from its supposed edible qualities.
C’. Smithit Massee. Wood on Stokke Common ; a rare species appearing
in October ; the cap is whitish or has a yellow ‘tinge, and soon becomes
plane and orbicular ; the stem is pallid with,a reddish tint below, and the
gills are salmon-coloured.
Leptonia solstitialis Fr. West Leas, in September; an uncommon little
agaric with a brown cap, papillate in the centre, and flesh-coloured gills ; it
sometimes appears at midsummer, hence the specific Latin name, solstzécalzs.
I. incana Fr. Merle Down ;' a common fungus, with brown and green
¢€ap, and green or fuscous green stem ; it is said to have a smell of mice, but
I could not detect this in the Merle Down specimens ; the emerald green
colour of the pileus and stem is very distinctive, and makes it an easily-
recognized and striking plant.
Pholiota terrigena Fr. An uncommon brown-spored species noticed in
Foxbury Wood: it has a dingy yellow pileus, fibrillosely scaly towards the
margin, and the stem is covered with flocose, squarrose squammules which
become ferruginous ; it grows in woods and hedgerows, and on old earthy
stumps. P.curvipes Fr. A rare plant found in August on fallen branches
in Foxbury Wood ; a very pretty, little, orange species, with flocculose cap
torn into minute scales ; it occurs on sawdust and fallen trunks, especially
poplar and birch, and is also found on rose bushes. LP. mutabelis (Schaeff.)
Fr. Onastump near London Ride; a common Pholiota, a caespitose species
148 Savernake Forest Fungt.
growing on stumps and trunks; the cinnamon cap is pale when dry and
the stem is ferruginous blackish or umber downwards, and squarrosely scaly
up to the ring. P. marginata (Batsch) Fr. Near London Ride; another
common Pholiota; the cap is honey-coloured when moist, and the margin
is markedly striate, hence the specific name. The stem is concolorous, and
commonly white velvety at the base, and the gills are pallid, and then darker
cinnamon ; it was observed in mid-September, and is frequent on twigs and
on the ground, especially in coniferous woods. Near London Ride it grew in
a tufted mass on the stump of a tree that had been felled. Before we leave
this genus it may be mentioned that Pholzota aegerita, a species common in
Britain on elm stumps,has the distinction of being the only agaric cultivated
by the Greeks and Romans.
Inocybe pyriodora (Pers.) Fr. Foxbury Wood, Chisbury Wood, and near
Rhododendron Drive, in August and September. The cap is pale ochraceous.
in colour, and is often reddish when young ; it is campanulate and obtuse,.
and everywhere torn into fibrils ; the stem is often tinged with red and the
edge of the gills is whitish, like the apex of the stem; the flesh becomes.
reddish. ‘The smell is very pleasant, like ripe pears, and this was well-
marked in my specimens; it isa common species. J. tomentosa (Jungh.)
Quél. Haw Wood; a not infrequent plant with pale fawn-coloured, villose,,
and campanulate pileus ; the specific Latin name, tomentosa, downy, refers.
to the villose cap; it has a smell of new meal and occurs in woods and
among fir-leaves, from August to October. J. palledepes Ellis & Everh. A
rare agaric noticed by the side of Rhododendron Drive in September; the
cap is light brown, and the gills are cinnamon, while the stem is white, as
indicated by the Latin specific name pallidipes. JI. cervicolor (Pers.) Queél.
A common species which occurred in Foxbury Wood at the beginning of
September ; the brown capand stem are covered with recurved, concolorous
fibrils, which give it a characteristic bristly appearance which is rather
curious.
Astrosporina asterospora (Quél.) Rea. Savernake Forest; anot infrequent —
plant, possessing an ashy cap with brown striz, reddish stem, and whitish
bistre, then cinnamon, gills; the base of the stem is marginately bulbous,
and the ferruginous spores are stellately-nodulose under the microscope ; it
was noticed in the Forest in September. .
Hebeloma crustuliniforme var. minus Cke. A few specimens in Chisbury
Wood; distinguished from the type by its smaller size, the floccose edge |
of the gill, and by its faint smell ; it was found towards the end of Septem- |
ber, and is not uncommon; the woolly gill-edge is a very distinctive |
character easily observed with a lens.
Naucoria Cucumis (Pers.) Fr. The dampish border of a stubble field
near Bedwyn Brails ; the cap was tawny cinnamon, and the black stem was. |
very downy; the plant is said to have an unpleasant smell of fish, or |
cucumber, but I was unable to detect this ; of the synonyms, WV. pisciodora |
refers to the fish-like odour, and WV. nigripes to the black stem. WV. melin- |
oides Fr. A common little species of heaths, pastures, lawns, and roadsides, |
seen on West Leas; a honey-coloured plant appearing from June to No- |
vember ; the gill-edge is often denticulate in this agaric.
By Cecil P. Hurst. 149
Psalliota arvensis (Schaeff.) Fr. The Horse Mushroom. A large species
with the cap sometimes nearly eight inches across, common round Bedwyn ;
Conyger Hill, near Folly Farm ; near Fairway, etc., etc. As showing the
ubiquity and vitality of the spores, it may be mentioned that mushrooms
grew this year (1924) in June beneath a tree grating on the Thames Em-
bankment, and were found in August of the same year within a foot of the
pavement in a garden in Lower Kennington Lane, S.E., in the heart of
South London. In this species the ring is composed of two portions, an
inner and an outer, the inner portion membranous and uniform, the outer
shorter, thicker, and often appendiculate at the margin of the cap. The
Horse Mushroom often grows in enormous rings; it is best eaten when
young and juicy as it becomes tough and dry with age. P. dulcidula
Schulz. In the shrubbery bordering Rhododendron Drive ; a very pretty,
dainty, and charming little plant resembling a mushroom in miniature ; the
cap is livid white, the gills are grey, and the ring is erect, median and per-
sistent ; it is a rare species, appearing in October, and is found under oaks,
and on heaths.
Stropharia merdaria var. major Fr. A number of plants in early
August on sawdust near Rhododendron Drive; it differs from the type in
its much larger size and in the ventricose rooting stem; it is not un-
common ; the swollen stem isa very noticeable feature, and §. ventricosa is
a synonym of this variety.
Hypholoma capnoides Fr. Foxbury Wood; Haw Wood; Burridge
Heath Plantation ; the cap is ochraceous-yellowish in colour, and is dry
and smooth, the stem is pallid, and the gills are first pale grey and then be-
come brownish purple; it grows in tufts on coniferous stumps and is a
common species, appearing early ; it was noticed on a coniferous stump
near Stokke Common on the 14th April, 1925.
H. epixanthum Fr. Haw Wood, and Burridge Heath Plantation; a
common caespitose fungus growing on stumps in frondose and coniferous
woods, hedgerows, and parks; the cap is light yellow with a darker disc,
the yellow or pale rust-coloured stem becomes brownish below, and the gills
are light-yellowish, and then cinereous.
Coprinus umbrinus Cke. & Massee. A few specimens by the side of a
road in Haw Wood; a rare species with a volva persistently white, sheath-
ing the base of the stem, and reflexed about two centimetres from the base ;
I have found the plant for two years in succession in the above station ;
the ring is very noticeable, as few Coprinz possess such an appendage. C.
umbrinus is a pretty species, as the dark umber cap has a large white patch
at the apex, and is elsewhere covered with scattered, snow-white, fleecy
scales.
Cortinarius (Myxacium) elatior Fr. Near the Grand Avenue, and near
St. Katharine’s; a large, conspicuous, and easily-recognized Cortonarcus
with a pale yellow cap, plicate at the margin, and glutinous violet stem which
becomes white ; the gills are yellowish, and then dark brown cinnamon ; it
is frequent in woods. C. (Inoloma) pholideus Fr. A common plant
noticed in September in Cobham Frith Wood; the cap is brown, and is
covered with blackish brown scales, the stem is also brownish, and the gills
150 Savernake Forest Fungt.
are violaceous, then clay colour, and at length cinnamon ; it is plentiful in
deciduous woods. The dark brown scales on the cap form an easily
recognisable character ; they also occur on the stem below the ring. C.
(Dermocybe) sanguineus (Wulf.) Fr. A not infrequent smallish species seen
near the middle of the Grand Avenue, on the ground below the beeches ; it
is easily recognized, for the cap and stem are a dark blood colour, and when
pressed the flesh pours out a blood-red juice ; it grows in woods, especially
in coniferous plantations, in the autumn. C. (Telamonia) paleaceus
(Weinm.) Fr. Foxbury Wood; a not uncommon sylvan fungus, occurring
especially in beech and birch woods; it is also found on boggy heaths ; the ~
brown cap is conical, and then expanded, is markedly umbonate, and the
white superficial squamules with which it is covered are very distinctive;
the stem is also squamulose with white flocci, and the gills are pallid-
whitish and then cinnamon. C. (Hydrocybe) bicolor Cke. The cap is
dingy whitish, with an occasional tinge of lilac, the stem is pale violet, and
the gills are purplish-violet, and then cinnamon; it is a rather common
plant, and was collected in Foxbury Wood in early September.
Hygrophorus virgineus var. roserpes. Massee. On grass near St. Katharine’s
Church, and in a copse near Savernake Lodge; a not infrequent variety
which differs from the type in the stem being rose-coloured, externally and
internally, towards the base; it was seen near St. Katharine’s at the be-
ginning of October, and sometimes lasts till December. H. subradzatus var.
lacmus Fr. Among grass on West Leas; the cap is lilac, and then becomes
pale, and the white or greyish stem is often yellowish at the base ; in this
species, the variety is more common than the type. A. ungwinosus Fr. An
interesting Hygrophorus, with very sticky grey cap and stem; the stem is
somewhat compressed, and the gills are shining white, thick, broad, and very
ventricose; it is a common species, and was seen growing among grass on
West Leas and near Haw Wood, in September.
Lactarius scrobiculatus (Scop.) Fr. A big not uncommon Lactarius,
observed in Foxbury Wood in September; the yellow infundibuliform
cap is covered with agglutinated down, and the margin is bearded when
young; the light yellow stem is pitted with darker yellow, broad, roundish
spots, and the white milk soon becomes sulphur-yellow when exposed to air.
LL. circellatus Fr. Birch Copse, in the Forest, and near a clump of beeches
not far from Haw Wood; a rather scarce plant with dark brownish cap,
from two to four inches in diameter, variegated with darker zones; the
gills are whitish, and then yellow, and the stem is pale and tough. JZ. uvidus
Fr. Anotinfrequent Lactarius, of which a specimen was found in Foxbury
Wood in September; a viscid plant, with greyish brown cap, first of all
convex, then plane, and then depressed ; the stem is whitish, becoming
light yellow, the white gills are spotted with lilac, when wounded, and the
white milk also becomes lilac on exposure to the air. ZL. flavidus Boud.
A very fair number of specimens of this interesting species were seen under
a dense growth of hazel in Foxbury Wood, towards the end of September ;
every part of Z. favidus turns violet when bruised or even handled, a very
slight touch at once producing the characteristic violet stain ; the cap, gills,
and stem are pale yellowish in colour, as indicated by the specific Latin
By Cee P. Hurst. 151
name flavidus, yellowish, and the taste is first mild and then acrid ; it is
an uncommon plant, which occurs in woods during September and October.
L. chrysorheus Fr. A frequent toadstool ; a few examples were gathered in
Burridge Heath Plantation in September; the white flesh when broken, and
the white milk on exposure to air, become bright sulphur-yellow ; the cap
is pale yellowish flesh-colour, with darker zones or spots, the yellowish
gills are decurrent and very thin and crowded, and the stem is white, and
delicately pruinose under a lens. JL. pallidus (Pers.) Fr. was seen in Haw
Wood and Savernake Forest in September; it is a common plant in woods
in autumn ; the flesh- or clay-coloured cap is obtuse and viscid, and the gills
are pruinose and rather broad; the milk is white andacrid. UL. fuleginosus
Fr. A very interesting plant, of which a little colony occurred in Bedwyn
Brails in September ; it is common in woods from August to October, and
is easily known by the “ coffee and milk ” colour of the velvety pileus, and
the change of the hard whitish flesh when broken to a reddish-saffron colour ;
the milk also becomes saffron-yellow on exposure to the air; the odour is
nauseous and pungent, and it is probably poisonous.
fussula furcata (Pers.) Fr. By a clump of beech trees near Stokke
Common, and in Wilton Brails; a stout agaric, the cap is viscid in wet
weather, and is green, becoming dull yellowish at the disc with age; the
gills are shining white, and are forked from the base, and the stem is white
and firm; it is a common species. R&R. subfoetens W. G. Smith. An in-
frequent Russula, gathered in Foxbury Wood in September; the cap is
yellowish-white, with a translucid, tuberculately sulcate margin, and the
gills, which are white, and become yellow, are thick, distant, and narrow ;
it grows in grassy places, and on lawns under beeches, as well as in woods.
The translucid nature of the margin is well seen if the cap is held up
towards the light. The generally scarce AR. integra (Linn.) Bataille, a
brown toadstool, occurred near Rhododendron Drive; and near St. Kath-
arine’s Church, in October, was seen R. heterophylla Fr., a species with
greenish or yellowish brown cap, and shining white gillsand stem; the gills
are decurrent, and are very narrow and crowded ; it is an edible, uncommon
species, which occurs in woods from July to October. The infrequent RP.
punctata (Gill.) Maire, and its violet-stemmed var. violecpes (Quél.) Maire,
which is also uncommon, grew on the Keading sands in the road cutting at
Sadler’s Hill, near Great Bedwyn; they were much undersized, which was
probably due to the arid substratum; this species and its variety generally
occur in coniferous woods.
Marasmius erythropus (Pers.) Fr. A little plant with a pallid cap, dark
red stem, and broad sub-distant gills, gathered in Burridge Heath Plantation
in mid-September ; it is a common edible species, growing on heaths and
in deciduous woods in autumn.
Lentinus cochleatus (Pers.) Fr. Foxbury Wood, on stumps; with flesh-
coloured cap and flesh-coloured sulcate stem ; the gills are decurrent, crowded,
and serrated ; it has a very pleasant smell, of anise, or tonquin bean, is edible,
and is frequent on stumps from July to November,
The Journal of the Royal Army Medical Corps (January, 1925) records a
mild outbreak of poisoning among soldiers stationed at Tidworth, caused
152 Savernake Forest Fungi.
by eating Inocybe incarnata, which had been mistaken for mushrooms.
Inocybe incarnata is a toadstool not uncommon in woods from June to
October; it has a flesh-coloured cap and stem, and whitish gills spotted
with red; the white flesh of the cap becomes deep red when broken, while
that of the stem is red from the first. I have not yet observed this species
near Bedwyn.
The following paragraph which appeared under the heading “ Exposition
de champignons 4 Paris” in Le Petit Journal of the 15th Oct., 1924, indi-
cates the interest that is taken in mycology abroad :—“ La Société
mycologique'de France organise une exposition de champignons qui se
tiendra a |’ Institut Pasteur, a Paris, du 19 au 23 Octobre. Elle com-
prendra, outre les champignons, tout ce qui concerne la réglementation de
la vente, les marchés, les measures et les moyens contre les empoisonne-
ments, la statistique de ces accidents, l’enseignement, la vulgarisation,
Putilisation commerciale et industrielle des champignons.” It is a pity
that a knowledge of mycology is not more cultivated in Britain, for apart
from the interest attaching to a very curious and varied group of plants, it
is stated in a paper on “ Hdible and Poisonous Fungt,” contributed by Mr.
J. Ramsbottom, M.A., F.L.S., to the Proceedings of the Royal Socwety of
Medicine (1925), Vol. xviii. (Section of Tropical Diseases and Parasitology),
pp. 18—26) that “ few toadstools are poisonous, and many of the edible ones
are of much more delicate flavour than the common mushroom, either wild
or cultivated.” Mycological opinion seems to be coming round to the idea
that the only fatal species is Amanita phalloides, though other fungi are
poisonous, for Mr. Ramsbottom, in the very interesting and authoritative
paper above quoted, says, “ It may be said that in cases of fungus poisoning,
if Amanita phalloides and its near allies can be ruled out of account, the
chance of recovery is almost certain, for no other fungus causes the death of
a healthy person,” and M. André Billy, in Le Petit Journal of the 25th
Aug., 1924, writes :—“ A cause du mauvais temps, les accidents d’autos et
les noyades ont été en cet aimable mois d’ aoft., un peu moins nombreux
qu’on ne pouvait le craindre. Mais |’ humidité engendrée par les averses
erée un autre fléau qui, d’habitude, ne sévit guére avant septembre ou oct-
obre ; je veux parler des champignons.
Il est malheureux tout. de méme,
En cet an dix-neuf cent douzieme,
De voir encore des abrutis
S’empoisonner 4 pleine bouche
De champignons plus ou moins louches,
Bien qwils soient di avertis.
Comme |’ indique l’un d’eux, ces vers de Raoul Ponchon ne datent pas d’
hier. Déja, en 1912, les amateurs de champignons étaient diment avertis
du danger. Depuis lors, ils ont été avertis tous les ans. _N’empéche que
tous les ans les empoisonnements par les champignons sont aussi nom-
breux et qu ’a cause de l’humidité précoce ils promettent de l’étre davantage
cette année. La preuve c’est qu ‘a Villiers-au-Tertre, prés de Douai, trois
enfants de la famille Waillien vienent de mourir empoisonnés pour avoir
mangé des champignons, alors que le pére, la mére et les deux autres enfants
By Cecil P. Hurst. 153
ne s’en tiraient que grace 4 une intervention énergique du médecin . . .
De savants mycologues, comme M. Marcel Coulon, estiment que les cham-
pignons mortels se réduisent en somme 4 seule catégorie, celle del’ amanzte
phalloide, flanquée de ses sous-espéces, virosa et verna. Les autres cham-
pignons malsains seraient simplement dangereux ou suspects, et M. Coulon
ajoute qu’ 4 condition d’ ecarter soigneusement la funeste Amanite phal-
loide, on ne court guére de risque & manger n’importe quels champignons
qu’ on aura préalablement fait bouillir pendant trois ou quatre minutes.
I] est vrai que votre estomac peut avoir un caprice ou méme étre fonciére-
ment rebelle aux champignons les plus inoffensif. Dans ce cas, vous serez
malade et peut-étre méme trépasserez-vous. . . .” In “ Hdibleand Powson-
ous Fungi” Mr. Ramsbottom brings out the important fact that evidence
is accumulating that the near neighbour of A. Phalloides, Amanita mappa,
not uncommon in woods near Bedwyn, which has had a very bad reputation
in the past, is not poisonous, though all the Amanztz are better avoided as
food ; he says :—“ The older records may have been of Amanita phallordes
poisoning, as the two species are sometimes a little difficult to distinguish.
Amanita mappa never has the olive tinge typically present inAmanzta phall-
oides ; the cap is usually covered with patch-like fragments of the volva, and
there is a groove between the bulbous base of the stem and the thick free
margin of the volva” (z.e., the sheath at the bottom of thestem) It should
be stated that mushrooms never possess these volvas,and so are generally dis:
tinguishable from the Amanitas, though the volvas in some of the Amanztas
are friable and tend tocrumble away. Poisonous fungi continue to take toll
of human lives, as the following recent tragedies indicate,and thegreatest care
should be taken in dealing with unknown species; the only safe and sure plan
is to know the plants by their characters, as one knows a rose bush or elder
tree,and especially to make oneself acquainted with the distinguishing
features of the fatal Amanita phalloides. Le Petit Journal of the 9th Sept,
1924, records “ Une famille empoisonnée par des champignons. Deux de ses
membres meurent, cinq sont gravement intoxiqués” (near Metz), and on
the 11th Sept. of the same year, “ Empoisonnés par des champignons. Un
enfant meurt. Trois autres personnes sont dans un état désespére(at Corbeil),
and also a fatality from the same cause near Epinal. The “ Z%mes” of the
28th August, 1924, mentions a death that occurred near Sevenoaks, after
partaking of fungi, and on the 30th April, 1925, states that near Tomar, in
Portugal, a family of seven were poisoned by eating toadstools and that
five of them died, and the “Dazly Mail” of the 7th September, 1924, reports
an inquest at Ealing on a man who died after eating toadstools in mistake
for mushrooms. In the latter case, the coroner, in recording a death by
misadventure, said he thought it was common knowledge that mushrooms
never grew in woods, but always inthe open. That was one of the great
distinctions between mushrooms and the fungi that grew in the wood. To
avoid fungi growing in woods is sound advice for the non-mycological public,
for whom the deadly Amanita phalloides, a plant of woods and pastures
adjoining woods, is ever lying in wait. The ordinary mushroom (Psalliota
campestris) is rarely found in woods, but the common wood mushroom
(Psalliota sylvicola), with shining white cap, and long stem furnished with
154 Savernake Forest Fungt.
an ample ring, and the no less common Psalliota haemorrhoidaria, with
brown scaly cap, and flesh that immediately turns blood red when broken,
both of which are not infrequent in Savernake Forest, are edible, sylvestral
species, and there are other sylvan mushrooms which can be eaten with im-
punity. ‘’ofamiliarize people with the very dangerous Amanita phalloides,
it may be useful to append here the following characters, which are taken
from Mr. Carleton Rea’s monumental work onthe British Baszdiomycetx :—
“Cap. 7—10 centimetres, greenish, or yellowish-olive, streaked with dark,
innate fibrils, fleshy, ovato-campanulate, then expanded, obtuse, viscid,
rarely covered with one or two fragments of the volva. Stem 8—12 X 1.5
—2 centimetres, white, rarely sprinkled with olive or pale yellowish olive,
adpressed squamules, smooth or flocose, attenuated upwards, base bulbous.
Ring white, superior, reflexed, slightly striate, swollen, ‘generally entire.
Volva free for half its depth, generally splitting up into three or four, more
or less acute segments. Gulls white, free, ventricose, 8 millimetres broad.
Flesh white. Spores white, subglobose, 8—11 X 7—9 micromillimetres,
with a large central gutta. Smell foetid when old. ‘Taste unpleasant.
Poisonous. Woods, and adjoining pastures. July—Nov. Common.”
The colour of the cap is very variable, ranging from whitish (var. verna, a
little colony in September, 1924, among beech-mast in Haw Wood, near
Bedwyn), pale primrose-yellow, with a tinge of olive (rather common near
Bedwyn), yellowish-green, yellowish-olive, green (once near Bedwyn) to
umber brown (var. umbrina, three times near Bedwyn). This species may
be known by the large free volva, or sheath, at the base of the stem, with
ragged edge, closely adherent to the bulb and by itsamplering. It is
larger than its close ally, Amanzta mappa, which has a cream-coloured cap,
a bigger bulb at the base of its stem, and appears later in the year. The
white gills, ventricose in A. phallovdes are narrow in A mappa, and while
A. phalloides has a viscid cap, A. mappa has a dry one. The stem tapers
upwards in 4. Phalloides but is equal in A. mappa, that is, of the same
diameter throughout its length. Other distinguishing features between
the two species are included in a quotation from Mr. Ramsbottom’s
“ Edible and Poisonous Fungi” given above. It may be noted that the
word Amanita is derived from a mountain called Amanos in Cilicia, which
probably abounded in edible fungi, as Galen used the term Amanites for
the common mushroom and that the boletus of the Romans, so highly prized
in classical times, was a species of Amanzta, A. Cesarea, still greatly
valued in Mid and South Europe for its esculent properties, and known to
the French, from its colour, as the oronge. ‘he great naturalist J. H. Fabre
in the chapter “ Insects and Mushrooms” in his work “ he Life of the Fly”
states that the Romans of the Empire called Amanita Cesarea “ the food
of the Gods, czbus deorum, the agaric of the Ceesars,” and it will be remem-
bered that the poison from which Claudius Czesar died, was conveyed to
him in a dish of boleti, evidently then considered food fit for an Emperor.
Solett continued to be worshipped and eaten for many years, though the
custom was discouraged by Cicero (Ad. Fam. vii., 26, Letter to Gallus),
Seneca (Hp. xcv.) and Galen (De Aliment, Facult, lib. 11., 69), chiefly on
the ground that they were not particularly wholesome.
By Cecil P, Hurst. 155
In conclusion, I heartily recommend to all those of our readers who are
interested in fungi, the perusal of the recently-published ‘* The Romance of
the Fungus World,” by Messrs. R. T. & F. Rolfe (Chapman & Hall), the
pages of which are crammed with fungus information and fungus lore of
all kinds. In this fascinating work, Amanita phallovdes and its close rela-
tions, verna and virosa, are designated an “ inglorious trio,” and the chapter
on “ Poisonous Fungi” is prefaced by the following extract from Le Petzt
Journal :—“ De nombreux décés causés par absorption de champignons
vénéneux nous ont déja été annoncés des départements du Midi, de |’ Est,
et méme des environs de Paris. Chaque année, en octobre et novembre,
une centaine d’habitants des campagnes meurent ainsi intoxiqués par les
poisons extraordinairement violents et subtils qui renferment surtout cer-
tains agarics du genre amanite . . . Que faire pour prévenirces tristres
accidents qui, chaque année, se renouvellent avec la régularité d’un tribut
payé par nos populations & quelque moderne Locuste ?”
156
i
FLINT IMPLEMENTS FROM THE NADDER VALLEY,
SOUTH WILTS.
By BR. C.-C, Cray, MRICS. RACs. BS Ace abies
The terrace that runs from Barford St. Martin to Wardour along the
south side of the River Nadder is composed of Upper Greensand of con-
siderable thickness, and ranges from 400ft. to 500ft. O.D.
Some implements of flint or chert can be found in all parts of this area,
but above Horse-Shoe Copse, on Fir Hill, Hill Ground, Harris’ Hill, and
above Swallowcliffe, worked flints are more numerous, and suggest the
probability that these places were camping grounds or settlements. In
other words, the settlements were situated on the highest spurs. It is
interesting to note that they lie alongside ancient track ways, as would be
natural in times when most of the country was covered by scrub. The
implements on these sites are much thicker in certain circumscribed areas,
and these may, like the band of implementiferous ground that divides the
field of Petticole, on Hackpen, indicate former clearings in the scrub.
The earliest tools found are three of typical Upper St. Acheul facies. They
are white and lustrous and came from above Horse-Shoe Copse. One is in
the Blackmore Museum, one has been found lately by Rev. H. G. O. Kendall,
F.S.A., and the third is in my collection. They appear to be connected
with apace | in the Greensand.
In the collection of Rev. G. H. Engleheart, F.8.A., are two interesting
implements (Antig. Journal, Vol. ili., No. 2, p. 144). One is a small
brownish-grey ovate of Le Moustier type, the other resembles an early
Solutré blade of dark slate-coloured flint. They were found on Fir Hill,
Fovant. At the same place I picked up an implement similar to the latter
but made from chalcedonic flint, mottled with blue and fairly lustrous.
The remainder of the worked Laue from this area can be divided up
into two categories :—
(1.) A blue and a very lustrous black prismatic core industry. These
appear to be contemporaneous, and the difference in the condition of the
surfaces of the flints is due to the amount of exposure and to the position
on or in the soil of the individual implements in prehistoric days. Ifa flint
becomes lustrous before it patinates it will never patinate afterwards. In
this industry only good quality flint was used, and none of the impure or
cherty flint so common in the other. Possibly good prismatic scraper-cores
could be made only from the best material.
(2.) An industry containing many shapeless cores and a few inferior
scraper-cores of the prismatic type. In this series the horse-shoe scraper |
is common, made from flint, like Jacob’s coat, of many colours—chalcedonic, {|
black, grey, cherty, and mottled.
In over 2000 implements from this terrace I have many striking examples |
of re-chippings, that is to say, re-touches, by people of the second series on |
flakes or tools made by those of the first.
Flint Implements from the Nadder Valley, South Wilts, 157
These two industries merge the one into the other and there appears to
be no break in the occupation of the sites. Thus it is often difficult, if not
impossible, to place certain implements in their proper categories: but
taking large quantities we are able to separate the two series and to recognise
the characteristics of each.
Implements of ‘‘Cave Period” type are common and are of the same
quality flint, in the same condition and with the same degree of patination
as tools that are definitely not of that date, for example barbed arrow-heads
and tools made from fragments of polished celts. ‘The reason for this
accidental survival is that flint of good quality had to be fetched and carried
some distance, and was therefore valuable. ‘The shape of the raw flake
governed to some extent the shape of the finished article. A homely
example may not be out of place. Experimenting recently on the results
of using a scraping edge on different materials, | needed three fresh scrapers.
As my block of good flint was small, I could obtain only three flakes of
suitable size. From two of these I made horse-shoe scrapers, but from the
third I was obliged to make a steep-faced keeled scraper. I have many
examples of steep fluted and “tarté” scrapers of Aurignac type and end
scrapers on blades similar to those ofLa Madeline. There are no true gravers.
As the only difference in the implements from the various sites on this
terrace is in quality of material, when studied “en masse,” and not in type,
they will be considered together.
The only whole polished celt is in the Engleheart collection. The grinding
is confined to the rounded cutting edge. It is thick but narrow, and the
sides are slightly flattened. The butt is covered with crust and is pointed.
It is exceptional in that it is curved on the flat near the butt. There are
about sixty fragments of polished celts. Some have been re-chipped at the
butt and edge to form serviceable tools, but the “ business end ” is always
rounded. Most of the celts were thick, with more or less pointed butts and
slightly flattened sides. One example was very thin, tapering to a pointed
butt. These, according to Mr. Reginald Smith, F.S.A., belong to the
beginning of the late Neolithic Age in Scandinavia (Proc. Prehist. Soc.,
East Anglia, Vol. ii., part iv.). The material from which these were made
is usually a hard greyish-white flint, probably the centre core of a large
nodule. Some, however, from the condition and quality of the material,
were evidently made at the same time as the majority of the other imple-
ments, and from similar flint. The fact that I havea scraper, choppers,
cutting tools, and flakes from fragments of polished celts shows that the
hardness of the material from which they were made was appreciated.
I have half a well-chipped celt with blunt-pointed butt and a few roughly-
made specimens. ‘Two small chipped celts with broad ends may have been
used as chisels.
Arrowheads are not uncommon and are of all types:—leaf-shaped,
triangular, hollow-based, tanged, tanged and barbed, tranchet and single
barbed (harpoon barbs). Three are bueish-white in colour. Of these, one
is a narrow harpoon barb, one triangular with a tang and the other a tranchet.
The chipping on these is more bold and there is less finish about them than
on the others.
158 Flint Implements from the Nadder Valley, South Walts.
Horse-shoe and end scrapers are numerous and there are many of the
thumb variety. Square-ended scrapers are rare and racloirs are relatively
scarce. I have only one scraper tanged for hafting, but several of the end
type have small encoches at the sides, which may have been used for fixing
them into some form of handle. Good nosed scrapers are chiefly found
near Harris’ Hill and there are several examples of scrapers with a spur.
Some appear to have been used as strike-a-lights: the smashing of the
edges by repeated blows from one direction is as old as the rest of the flaking
and cannot therefore be attributed to the action of the plough. None of |
the steep-ended variety nor of the scraper-cores show any of the small flake
scars on the under side of the edge that would be expected if they had
been employed as planes. It is very common to find the median arétes
blunted for finger-hold by battering. Scrapers with rubbed and polished
edges are quite as common here as at Windmill Hill. They vary in number
on different parts of this area from 13 % to 8 % of the total number of
scrapers found. The rubbed portion may not be on the scraping edge
proper but on the side of the flake. I have examples of scrapers made
from thick ridged flakes which have the projecting aretes or portion of
crust considerably rubbed. One large scraper has the under edge of the
striking platform flattened and polished. I have tested scrapers which I
have newly made by scraping vigorously with one portion of the edge many
thousands of times against bone and hard pieces of oak, but I have not
produced a rubbed edge, but by using it against another piece of flint the
result was a distinct grinding and polishing of both opposing surfaces.
This leads to the conclusion that these rubbed edges were produced when
putting the finishing touches to the surfaces of polished celts. Although a
block of sandstone was probably used to do most of the grinding, aided
perhaps by sand and water, yet the scarcity of linear strize on some portions
of polished celts lends strength to the theory that in some cases at least some
other method was employed to complete the process, for the coarseness of
the quartz grains in sandstone would surely leave many and obvious
scoriations. Ihave been lent by Dr. Elliot Curwen, F.S.A., a polished celt
with a very much rounded and polished edge, and it might be argued
“ Would a polished celt be used to polish a celt?” he answer is that the
implement in question was originally a polished celt of late Neolithic date,
and after being damaged it was re-trimmed at the butt, and that the rubbing
of the edge is later than that on the body of the implement, and that strize
are evident on the body but absent on the rounded edge. If this tool had
belonged to a maker of polished celts, for probably it was a specialized craft,
what could be more natural than that he should use this damaged specimen
to polish others? It could be handled more easily and its weight would
give it more efficiency than any scraper. I have a tabular piece of rough
Greensand chert from an extension of the Harris’ Hill site, on one surface
of which there is a well-marked saddle-shaped polished area large enough
to fit any celt.
Hollow scrapers are numerous, but the crescent is usually at the side and
not at the end of the flake.
The true borers are generally thick pointed and show the small alternate
By R. C. C. Clay. 159
use-flakings near the end caused by the to-and-fro action of the implement.
These are uncommon and must have been used upon some hard substance,
such as wood, bone, or possibly stone. ‘The fine-pointed borers do not show
these signs of use, and were probably employed as prickers to make holes
in leather. Mr. Engleheart has called attention to a class of tool fairly
common in this area, which is really a compendium—borer, round scraper,
and hollow scraper. One of my thick-pointed implements has the end
rounded and polished, and must have been used upon stone.
Knives fall into three classes :—(1.) Double-edged, made from thick
ridged flakes, the pressure flaking along the sides being of the parallel scale
type. ‘There is sometimes work on the bulbar face. (2.) Long thin flakes,
with one side blunted by alternate chipping or minute and regular obtuse
flakings. ‘The plain edge of the flake on the other side being the business
portion. (3.) Curved flakes with fine re-touches on the convex edge.
Saws arerare. One specimen has twenty-eight regular teeth to the inch,
Another is of the dos rabbatw variety.
There are three types of fabricators common to both series :— (1.) “Long
narrow flakes with blunted edges and signs of use at the obtusely pointed
end. (2.) Slug-shaped, with plain bulbar face and high-arched back blunted
by alternate chipping and battering. (3.) Fabricators that are more or less
rectangular in cross section. The edges have been blunted by alternate
chipping followed by some battering. This variety often has a narrower
point and does not show the rubbing and polishing at the end which is
such a constant feature with (1) and (2), and denotes use as a strike-a-light.
One implement of the slug type has near the bulb several parallel transverse
strize, caused by intentional friction against another stone.
A few discs have been found. They are of the type so often met with in
early Bronze Age barrows in Yorkshire. (Mortimer. Yorty Years’ Re-
searches.)
Prismatic scraper-cores and cones, mostly blueish or very lustrous black,
are not so common as cores of the shapeless variety. They are made from
good quality flint. Some are chisel-ended. If the base is not slightly
concave, a small squat resolved flake was taken off underneath to give a
| more satisfactory scraping edge. The cones usually had their apices
_ battered for fingerhold. Some of the shapeless cores may have been
failures for prismatics. They are often of inferior quality flint and many
_ have been used as hammerstones at some points.
| The blueish flakes are invariably of the prismatic series with narrow
parallel facets, and show no signs of use. They are of good quality flint.
_ It appears that, other things being equal, the better the quality the quicker
_ does patination take place. I picked up a prismatic core that was almost
buried in the ground and noticed that the only facet that was exposed to
_ the light was blue-white, whereas the rest of the implement wasa blue-black.
_I placed it on my window-sill and found after two days that it was uniformly
white all over. Some of the unpatinated prismatic flakes, like a large pro-
| portion of the broader and larger ones of the second series, show signs of
| use. They may be of the same date.
__Iron-staining is more common on the patinated and grey flints. It was
|
| VOL. XLIII.—NO. CXLII, M
|
|
160 Flint Implements from the Nadder Valley, South Wilts.
sometimes, but not always, caused by the plough. One scraper with several
patches of stain has a thin iron-stained line running three-quarters of the
way across the front, then over the top of a very fine spur on the edge, and
is then continued in a straight line across the bulbar face. This could not
have been caused by a plough.
Quicksilver spots of high gloss are very common. Grey and chalcedonic
flints rarely show it.
Scratches of Sturge types 3, 4, and 6 are occasionally met with, commonest
on the black and rarest on the grey. The immunity of the latter may be ©
due to its hardness. These scratches are more deeply patinated than the
rest of the flints owing to the fact that moisture with carbonic acid in
solution is retained in them whereas it is liable to run off the smooth
surfaces of the other parts. Chattering scratches may be caused by the
plough, but it is difficult to ascribe all types to the same agency.
At Walker’s Hill, above Swallowcliffe, there is an outcrop of Greensand
chert of a coarse variety from which implements were made on the spot.
The Characteristic fracture is starchy, but often a smashing one is seen
similar to those on a flint “that will not flake.’ The knappers worked on
the same lines as when using flint. Having quartered the lump they at-
tempted to detach flakes by blows more or less at right angles to the edge
of the striking platform. A rudimentary bulb was often produced but the
flake was never incurving on the underside. For this reason they were
unable to make the horse-shoe type of scraper. The commonest tools are
borers, hollow scrapers, rough chopping implements, and square-ended
scrapers. Fabricators are sometimes found. Very few re-touches were
possible on such poor material, and the small facets on the edges appear to
be for the most part caused by use. Flint implements on this site are not
so common as those of chert. It is extraordinary that these knappers were
satisfied with such inferior material when good working flint could no doubt
be obtained from the downland ridge of upper chalk situated a mile to the
south. Is the explanation that they were enemies of the people who con-
trolled that portion of the downs? Or was it due to the inborn laziness of
all savage tribes? Thinly scattered chert tools are found all along this
terrace, but they are in a small minority as compared with those of flint.
Several true pigmies have been picked up. They appear to belong to the
first series, and to be associated with the prismatic core culture, as at Kimble
P.P.S.H.A., vol. ii, p. 487) and Land’s End (Zdzd, vol. iii, p. 59). The |
commonest type is the Gravette point. I have one crescent and afew |
microliths of indefinite form with “work” round the edges. Another has |
several delicately-formed encoches with intervening spurs. Pigmies did |
did not end with the Tardenoisian period, they persisted through the @
Neolithic until the Bronze Age. Their relative scarcity may be due in |
some measure to their small size, and the consequent difficulty in finding |
them on the surface of cultivated fields. From Mr. H.S. Thoms’ discovery |
near Brighton, there can be no doubt that the manufacture of these pigmies |
was a specialised art, and that thirty to forty flakes were struck off a core |
before one suitable for conversion into a pigmy was obtained. Those of |
the Gravette type could have been used as arrow points. |
S. Wilts.
Pxuatre I.—Flint Implements from the Greensand Terrace,
Prats II.—Flint Implements from the Greensand Terrace, 8. Wilts.
}
|
}
|
|
By EK. C. €. Clay. 161
In dating these series we can, I think, exclude all ideas of a late Pale-
olithic age, as the not uncommon survivals of “ cave” types are of the same
date, being of similar quality and condition of material, as those implements
which can be shown to be contemporaneous with polished celts. At the
Blackpatch flint mine “flint implements of types usually associated with
widely distant periods have been found together in the same shaft” (Sussex
Archeol. Soc. Coll., vol. xv.) My earliest series corresponds closely with
those at Kimble (P.P.8.#.4., vol. ii., p. 487). Land’s End (Zdzd, vol. iii.,
p. 59), Thatcham (Lbzd, vol. ili., p. 500), and the buried “ Lyonesse” floor
(Hssex Naturalist, vol. |xx., p. 249, and P.P.S.#.A., vol. iii.) The latter
industry was associated with beaker pottery and so can be assigned to the
late Neolithic and the dawn of the Bronze Age. Windmill Hill (P.P.S.2.4.
vol. ili., p. 515), and Peppard (Archeol. Journ., vol. 1x., p. 33) are earlier,
although we have many types in common. The series from Golden Ball
Hill, Wilts, and A and B from Hackpen (P.P.S.#.A., vol. iii., p. 515) differ
only in minor details, due perhaps to individual variations in fashion and
technique. The “foothills” and “low country” series from S. Yorkshire
P.P.S.H.A., vol. iii., p. 277) may be contemporaneous with mine. The fact
that I have portions of polished celts which are made from the same peculiar
quality of flint as many of the other implements and are in the same con-
dition of patination as these, is evidence that the industry flourished at a, ;
time when polished celts were in daily use. These celts are usually thick,
with a rounded cutting edge and flattened sides, and belong toa period which
Mr. Reginald Smith has correlated with the late Neolithic in Scandinavia.
As I have mentioned above, the rubbing of the edges of scrapers and
flakes, so often seen on this terrace, can be caused by friction for a
prolonged period against another flint, and we are forced to the conclusion
that it happened during the final stages of the polishing of celts. I have
produced a rubbed edge ona scraper whilst successfully using it to polish
a flint flake. ‘This again suggests that these implements were contempo-
raneous with the manufacture of polished celts. As no instances of polished
celts have been found in burials associated with cremation, with the ex-
ception of the three barrows on Seamer Moor, Yorkshire (Evans’ Stone,
p. 134), which were probably Neolithic (vide B.M. Stone Age Guide, p. 78),
and as cremation was almost universal in Britain during the latter half of
the Bronze Age, we can safely say that the implements from this terrace
_are not later than the first half of the Bronze Age. That any of them were
used during the Early Iron Age can be overruled by the fact that in neither
of the neighbouring inhabited sites of that period at Fifield Bavant( W.A.J.,
vol. xlii., p. 457), and Swallowcliffe Down (Jdzd, vol. xlill., p. 59), were
any flint tools found which could be of the same date as the dwellings with
the exception of a strike-a-light and possibly two rough scrapers.
INDEX TO PLATES.
Puate I.
1 to 8, Arrowheads. 9 and 10, Fabricators. 11], and 12,13, Knives. 14
to 17, Borers. 18, Long Blue Flake. 19, Scraper-Core (domed type). 20,
Scraper-Core (conical type). 21 and 23, Scraper-Cores (winged type). 22,
M 2
162 Flint Implements from the Nadder Valley, South Wilts.
Scraper-Core. 24, Shapeless Core. 25 and 26, Spurred Tools. 37, Small
Celt.
Puate II.
1, Disc. 2, Saw, with blunted back. 3 and 4, Worked Flakes or
universal tools. 5, Square-ended Scraper. 6, End Scraper on Blade. 7,
End Scraper. 8, Kite-shaped Scraper. 9, Scraper with Corner Spur. 10,
Double-ended Scraper. 11, Horse-shoe Scraper. 12, Steep-ended Scraper.
13, “Tarté” Scraper. 14, Side Scraper, or Racloir. 15 to 19, “ Button”
Scrapers. 20 to 22, Pigmies. 23, Nosed Scraper. 24 and 25, Hollow
Scrapers. 26 to 28, Implements of Chert. !
Once more I am indebted to Mr. Pugh for so kindly drawing the
specimens.
Fic. 1.—Inglesham Church, from 8.E.
Fie. 4.—Inglesham Church, |
Early Figure of Virgin and Child.
‘Fic. 5.—Inglesham: Church, showing Nave and N. Aisle, from 8.W. Corner.
“IQUIOD “M'N WoIz ‘a[Sty “G pus OAVN' SUTMOYS “YOUNYD Weyse[suy—"9 “OIA
163
THE CHURCH OF 8, JOHN THE BAPTIST,
INGLESHAM, WILTS!
By C. E. Pontine, F.S.A.
The parish of Inglesham is at almost the extreme north-east angle of
Wilts, near the point at which the Thames receives its tributaries—Key
and Cole—before passing out of the county near Lechlade. It is in the
part of Wilts which belonged to Berks until joined to the former in 1833.
The Church is off the main road, and its remote position may be accountable
for its having been overlooked, for few people seem to have heard of
Inglesham until it was brought to notice by Mr. William Morris on his
taking up his residence in the neighbourhood, since which the building
has been strengthened and repaired.
The Church possesses great dignity for so small a building ; and several
unusual features; the ‘work, moreover, of every period is exceptionally
good. It consists of chancel, nave with north and south aisles, south porch,
and a later chapel on the south side of the chancel.
The earliest part of the structure is the arcade of the south aisle (Fig. 6)
where the carving of the abacus of the easternmost respond is of the
scalloped type, and that of the central column of the stiff foliation of the
Transitional Norman, while the abacus in all cases is octagonal, and the
mouldings of capitals and bases distinctly Early English.
The arcades of both north and south aisles are of pointed arches of two
orders of chamfers; in the case of the easternmost on the north only does
the inner order die on to the jamb, in all others there are demi-columns,
with carved capitals. The central cylindrical column of the south arcade
(ig. 6) is distinctly larger than that on the north (Fig. 5); and the label is
chamfered,while that on the north is moulded : both have similarly moulded
bases. Thus it may be said that the two arcades are alike in their general
design, yet they differ in detail sufficiently to indicate that they were
erected during a period of change—the last quarter of the 12th century—
the work having been begun on the south side, the north following soon
after. Each aisle had an altar at its east end.
The south aisle, like the north, originally extended only to the east end
of the arcade, at which point its east wall stood. There was, as the existing
trefoil-arched piscina in the south wall near indicates, an altar at this end ;
a small 14th century two-light square-headed window, cinquefoiled, remains
to light thesame. This window once had a label over it, which may have
been removed when the wall was raised, or possibly the window previously
existed elsewhere.
For some reason it is usually found that the north arcade of a Church
with aisles is the earlier, and various conjectures have been made as to the
1 The photographs for the accompanying illustrations were specially taken
for the purpose by the Rev. B. W. Bradford, Rector of Broughton, Oxon.
164 The Church of S. John the Baptist, Inglesham, Wilts.
reason for it, the most generally accepted being that, owing to superstitious
objections to burying on the north side, the space for adding an aisle was
more usually available there. But, in the,case of Inglesham, the two aisles
are not additions, but part of the original plan, so that, except for following
a, prevailing custom, that cause does not apply.
Each of the aisles has a doorway in the outer wall a little westward of
its centre; the north doorway has a trefoil-cusped head chamfered on the
outer edge, without label, and the arch on the inside set at a higher level to:..
allow the door to open. An old oak door, with small moulding to cover
the joints, remains with its beautiful hinges, and with holes in the jambs
for the draw-bar. The south doorway has a big roll as the arch mould,
with the rudest bell capital and impost on the jambs.
The south porch is a spacious but simple structure with span roof of
post-Reformation work; the outer doorway has an irregularly-shaped low-
pitched arch, worked on a single stone, which is, doubtless, a later insertion ;
an old door remains. In the gable over is a beautiful ogee arched niche of
the late fourteenth century. In the east wall is a square-headed window
which has been blocked with masonry, and there are stone benches on both
sides. |
There is nothing to indicate what the west end of the early Church was.
like, but the efforts of the builder seem to have been tranferred to the chancel
early in the thirteenth century.
The east and north walls of the chancel have an early roll-type string-
course under the windows on the outside, carried from the south-east original
buttress of the chancel and around the north-east buttress (which was.
obviously added to the earlier east wall and has a splayed plinth) and along
the north wall of the chancel to the east end of the northaisle. A moulded
base occurs above the plinth along the north wall, but is stopped at 4ft, 6in.
from the inner angle. On the north there are two single-light lancet win-.
dows with broad inner splays to the jambs and arches, and (to a flatter
pitch) the window sills. ‘The string-course which runs across under the
east window of the chancel is continued along the north wall below these
windows on the inside, and carried over them asa label. This, however,
together with the arches, was cut into and lowered when the roof was —
constructed and the whole wall reduced in height.
Below the sill string-course the surface part of the north wall (Fig. 3)
westward of the sanctuary and central with the western lancet window, is
enriched by a continuous arcade of three bays in moulded stonework, con- |
sisting of round arches with labels over, the two outside arches having the |
mouldings continued down to the floor as jambs, the dividing two springers. |
being supported on corbels having foliated carving, the whole suggestive of |
sedilia for stalls The older parts of these walls date from early in the |
reign of King John.
1In the 7'ransactions of the Bristol and Gloucestershire Archeological |
Society, vol. xxii., p. 47, it is stated: “On January 25th, 1205, King John |
gave the Manor andChurch of Inglesham to the Cistercian Abbey of Beaulieu |
By C. £. Ponting. 165
The east wali of the chancel is carried up as a gable, with on the outside a
flat stone coping, but without a cross or other finial. The east window is a
pointed one of three trefoil cusped heads (the central one the highest), and
on the inside the arch is enriched by cinquefoil cusping of the transitional
Early English period. (Fig. 2.)
In the south wall is a coeval tall two-light trefoil window with a circle in
the head between the two: a label is carried over the inside arch, and the
wall inside is recessed to form sedilia seat with moulded edge. The roundell |
in the head of the window retains fragments of its original glass. In the
south-east angle, placed angle-wise, is a large piscina of coeval date, with
shelf. The chancel arch is an acutely pointed one of two orders of chamfer
with roll-mould label on the west side, the inner order dies on to the face
of the jambs.
The west end of the nave and aisles, on the outside, consists of a central
pointed window of two lights, having two orders of moulding on the jambs
and arch, and moulded label returned to stop against the fianking buttresses.
In the tracery lights of this window are remains, in yellow stains, of the
drapery of two figures without heads. In the centre of each aisle is a two-
light square-headed window, with cinquefoiled arches and good moulded
label returned at the ends. At the outer edge of the quoins between nave
and aisles are two tall buttresses, having widely-spread base and plinth,
above which occurs one small set-off with projecting string-course under it,
and above it an unusually long and steep weathering carried up to die into
the wall at its apex. The nave gable has a wide flat coping, with a base
carried round and moulded at the top, on which is constructed a most
interesting turret with two pointed-arched and cusped openings for bells,
_with pierced eyelet in the spandril formed by these arches and high-pitched
crow-jointed coping of the turret, the whole group forming a delightful
“bell gable.’ The main buttresses have evidently been added to, and
erected after, the west wall, and not built up with it. This work was
carried out in the 14th century, together with the raising of the wall of the
nave, and aisles, and with the parapets with their moulded cornice and
copings, apparently formed the completion of the structure. Both parts
are striking features and add greatly to the dignity of the Church.
Late in the fourteenth century, the east wall of the south aisle was taken
down, the aisle extended eastward as an additional chapel, and the archway
of two orders of chamfers, the inner of which stops at the springing, and the
outer by nicely-designed “stops” on the chapel side inserted for communica-
tion with thechancel. (Fig.6.) A priest’s door giving access to the chapel
from the outside was provided by a simple doorway having the head shaped
to a flat four-centred form, slightly chamfered on the edge, and over this a
coincide with the north wall of the chancel, and account for the stall-like
arcading to which I have referred. A further statement says: “ Little
Farringdon, formerly in the county of Berks, is now in Oxfordshire. It
was granted by King John to the Abbey of Beaulieu at the same time with
Inglesham,” and the view given of the south side of the Church indicates
work of about the same time.
166 The Church of S, John the Baptist, Inglesham, Wilts.
tall two-light pointed window of the same width, with tracery and label
similar to the one in the east wall of the northaisle. ‘Two or three fragments
of glass remain in the cusps of the easternmost light. In the east wall is a
window not easy to reconcile with the rest of the work here; it is square-
headed, and has two orders of moulding carried round, but no arch or cusp,
and no label. There is a buttress at the angle with no middle set-off.
At the north-east and north-west angles of the north aisle are buttresses
of the type of that at the north-east of the chancel. In the east wall of the
north aisle isa two-light pointed Decorated window, with “ chisel ” cusps and
a typical label mould outside. The window has a considerable quantity of
old glass, now much corroded which shows no sign of having ever been
painted. Flanking it on the inside are two corbels, apparently for figures.
This aisle appears to have been one long chapel, and a thirteenth century
piscina in the east respond was for its use. In the west bay of this aisle
are marks on the pillar and respond where a gallery may have been fixed.
The screens in the chapels remain, but there is none other than doubtful
evidence of a sill at the entrance to the chancel. The south chapel has an
oak screen, with an opening for access, across the middle from the central
pillar to the south wall, and a parclose screen in the western bay of its
arcade, but the screen across the middle of the north chapel has had the
post of its doorway cut off, and the open portion above its transom removed,
leaving only the post against the wall—but retaining full evidence of what
formerly existed. All the screens are of 14th century type: the pews are
Jacobean, and have in the centre gangway square angle posts with turned
tops.
On the wall of the south aisle is a valuable Norman relic which was
found outside and has been set up here for better preservation (Fig. 4). It
is a panel of coarse stone, representing the Blessed Virgin Mary and Child.
The Mother is seated and has the Child on her knee, and her head is bowed
over and almost resting on His head. Our Lord appears to be holding a
book on His knee, while His right hand rests on Our Lady’s right shoulder.
In a narrow sunk panel over the Blessed Virgin’s head are the Roman
characters M.A.R.I.A., while out of the upper corner appears the Hand of
God with two of the fingers pointing down to Our Lord in blessing, and the
other two fingers folded down over the palm. An aureola encircles Our
Lord’s head. The feature have been somewhat flattened, and part of the
angle of the stone from which the hand proceeds has been broken off ; the
hole in the block on which our Lady is seated has been made to receive the
gnomon of a sundial, and some eight or nine hour lines—beside the meridian
line—which have been incised, indicate that the stone once stood in a
vertical position outside a south wall. In the floor of the sanctuary is a
black marble slab, 10ft. long, forming the matrix of the brass of the full-
size figure of a knight of the fourteenth century.
The font is a Perpendicular one of not unusual design.
The pulpit, and its canopy, were evidently made for this position early |
in the seventeenth century, together with the reading desk, and the pews |
in the eastern half of the nave. Probably the remainder, though of plainer |
type, are not much later.
By C. #. Ponting. 167
An iron bracket-stand for the hour glass is fixed on the central pillar of
the north aisle in view of the preacher.
The roofs are of various types, but all are old. The chancel roof of
trussed rafters is the oldest, but the walls cannot have been, as has been said,
“fitted to” it to account for the cutting down of the very early lancet
windows in the north wall; it is impossible to conceive such reckless
disregard for this beautiful wall, which was obviously designed for the
arches and their labels to be visible for their full height. Moreover the
slope of the roof at the east end, where boarded as a canopy over the
sanctuary, comes too close down over the east window. Be that as it may,
the chancel roof is a precious relic of the thirteenth century, and it is well
held together by three tie-beams.
The aisle roofs are also span roofs of flat pitch of the fourteenth or fifteenth
century, and have corbels under the tie-beams on both sides.
The nave roof is of span form and has the fifteenth century type of tie-
beam, principals, and wind-braces.
Placed now on the south aisle window sill is a remarkable stone, obviously
a portion of a reredos found built up in the wall, still retaining small well-
painted figures upon it.
The churchyard cross—(it would be a mistake, I think, to call it a “ Village
Cross”)—is in the usual position where it can be well seen from the main
approach tothe Church. It has, as may be expected, lost its canopied head,
but the shaft with its sculptured cap, its octagonal moulded base, which is
brought into form from the square of the block by bold steps, remains.
Under this are two steps which lead the eye upwards, and the large square
bench at the bottom at a suitable height for use as seats. All this work is
sound and well preserved, in spite of the iron rod at the top which probably
destroyed the head by rust, before its time.
One turns away from this beautiful old Church with feelings of reluctance
and gratitude.
168
THE EVANS FAMILY OF NORTH WILIS.!
By Canon F. H. MAN LEY.
When the last link of a family connection with the county extending
over more than two centuries is severed, the idea of placing on record some
details of that connection naturally suggests itself. Mrs. Manley, whose
death at Great Somerford occurred last year, was the sole representative
in the district of the Evans family; which hadj since the middle of the
eighteenth century been located in the parish of Rodbourne Cheney. On
the walls of the parish Church there are to be found several imposing
memorial tablets, and in the churchyard a large number of tombs, now
crumbling to decay, all marking the last resting places of five generations
of this family and their intimate association with that parish. Memorials
of their relatives are to be found in the Churches of many adjoining parishes.
The original habitat of the family is not known, but the arms which they
claim “Ar. an eagle displayed, with two heads, sa.—Crest, an eagle’s head
between two wings, sa., holding in its beak a rose gu. stalked and leaved
vert,” are those of EKvans of Marsh Gibbon, Co. Bucks, (see Visztation of
Bucks, 1575 and 1634), and were borne by John Evans, Bishop of Bangor,
1701.
The first member of the family of whom we have record is a certain
Arthur Evans, of London, who, on 28th July, 1647, married Ellinor Stiles
at All Hallows, London Wall. The Stiles family were of Wantage, and
Ellinor was the daughter of Henry and Ellinor Stiles of that place, being
baptized in the Church there 11th December, 1623. Her brother, Robert,
baptized there 2nd October, 1628, went into business in London, and later
migrated to Amsterdam, where he amassed a very large fortune, dying,
unmarried, 3rd October, 1680. The almshouses which he endowed are still
standing at Wantage, with a stone above the entrance door, bearing the
inscription :—“ The gift of Mr. Robert Stiles, of Amsterdam, merchant, who
died October 3rd, 1680. Deo et pauperibus.” Death came to him suddenly
in the midst of his numerous activities, and the only proper will he left was
one drawn up when just of age[P.C.C. Bath, 155], but administration of
his estate was granted to a nephew, Joseph Haskins Stiles,who carried out
his uncle’s final wishes. A considerable legacy thus came to the testator’s
sister, Ellinor, whose son, John, he had at one time hoped to connect with
his business [Chanc. Proc., Reynardson’s Divn.—Evans v. Styles, Bundle
308, No. 40], but the bulk of his property went to Joseph Haskins Stiles,
who, as a capable business man, had been of great assistance to his uncle.
He married a daughter of Sir John Eyles, of Southbroom, Wilts, Lord
Mayor of London, 1688. A son, Benjamin Haskins Stiles, acquired great
1 This paper in a shorter and less complete form appeared in the Wilt-
shire Gazette, April 3rd, 1924. .
. The Society is indebted to Canon Manley for the gift of the illustration
accompanying this paper, and to Mr. A. D. Passmore for kindly taking the
photograph of Moredon House.
| Moredon House, Rodbourne Cheney.
The Evans Family of North Wilts. 169
wealth through successful speculations at the time of the South Sea Bubble,
and had a good deal of property in Wilts, including Bowden Park, where
he commenced building a mansion on a very extravagant scale, and the
“Manor House and Parke of Corsham.” Dying without issue in 1739 his
estates passed to the only son of his sister Mary, the wife of Sir John Eyles,
Bart., Lord Mayor of London, 1726, a Sir Francis Eyles, who assumed the
name of Stiles. This Sir Francis Haskins Eyles Stiles died at Naples 26th
Jan., 1762, and his only son, John, died unmarried in 1768, when the
baronetcy became extinct. ‘lhe family vault of the Eyles family was at
St. Helen’s, Bishopsgate, and there many of the Stiles were buried. (W.
NV. & Q., vol. vii., p. 145, &e.)
Arthur Evans was presumably in business in London, and was there in
1681, when his only daughter, Ellinor, was married 23rd Sept. at St. Mary le
Bow to John Launce, of the Middle Temple, but retired later to Wantage,
where he was buried 19th November,1691,his will;being proved 26th Novem-
ber, 1692. [Peculiar Court of Deans and Canons of Windsor.] His property
included the Manor of Scottys in Canewdon, Essex, which was settled on
‘his daughter, Ellinor Launce [Morant’s Hist. of Essex, vol. i., p. 315.)
Several of his sons were attached to Wiltshire—one, Gabriel, who predeceased
his father, to Ogbourne St. George, and another, Henry, to Haydon, in the
parish of Rodbourne Cheney; while another, the eldest, John, owned in
1685 land in Haydon, but seems to have resided at Wantage, where he was
buried 26th December, 1703, leaving by his will, proved 17th May, 1704
[Peculiar Court of the Dean of Sarum], his estate in ee to his brother,
Henry.
Mr. Henry Evans’ name first appears in the tee at Rodbourne
Cheney in connection with a collection for French Protestants on a Brief
read 29th April, 1688, so that no doubt it was about this time he took
up his residence in the parish. He was churchwarden in 1692 and 1702.
His first wife, Mary, was buried at Wantage, 12th December, 1683. Some
years after, he married Mary, the daughter of Thomas Pearce, of Compton,
Co. Bucks, gent. ‘he house in which he lived at Haydon was pulled down
many years ago, and the estate cannot now be identified. Henry Evans
was buried at Rodbourne Cheney 30th July, 1712, and his wife 3lst May,
1730. ‘Their family consisted of four sons, one daughter, Mary, who
married, about 1717, Anthony Goddard, of Purton, and another who died
unmarried in 1751.
The eldest son, Arthur Evans, married (marr. sett. 27th Oct., 1731,)
Catherine Coker, daughter of Thomas Coker, Rector of Little Hinton
_ (1684—1741), and a Prebendary of Salisbury Cathedral, and Mary, daughter
_of William Hearst (married at Salisbury Cathedral, 17th Dec., 1696), she
_ being a sister of John Coker, of Bicester, Co. Oxon, where the family still
reside. He inherited the family estate at Haydon, but seems to have spent
| much of his time at Salisbury, occupying a house in the Close. One child,
| Mary, was buried in Salisbury Cathedral, 29th September, 1737, where here
is a memorial to her. He was the guardian of the children of Anthony
_ Goddard, who died in 1725, buried at Purton, 31st August, and whose wife
| Seems also to have died about the same time.
|
|
|
|
170 The Evans Family of North Wilts,
Anthony Goddard was the son of Francis Goddard, of the Clyffe Pypard
family, who, together with his wife, Elizabeth [Thorner], was buriéd at
Little Somerford, their memorial tablet, as well as those of other relatives,
being still visible in the Church. Anthony Goddard inherited from his father
Purton House, an interesting estate, lying near the Church and formerly
part of the Malmesbury Abbey possessions in Purton. This property,
consisting of a messuage called ‘“ Chamberlyns” and a water mill called
* Chesthill Mill,” together with lands and another water mill called “ Ayle-
ford Mill,” had been purchased by Henry Maslinge, (sc)! of Pirton, gent.,
the tenant, in 1608, from Lord Chandos. ‘“ Aylsford Mill” was sold some
years afterwards to Wm. Holcroft, 1619 (Wilts Inq., p.m. Chas. I., p. 134),
but the rest of the estate was inherited by the son, Wm. Maskelyn, from
whom it passed to a son and heir, Henry, on whose death, without issue,
in 1667, under the terms of his will the estate was sold, and Francis Goddard,
of Standen Hussey, gent., became the purchaser of “ Chamberlyns” and
the mill house called “ Chester (sc) Mill.” Francis Goddard resided on his
estate in Purton, and on his death, in 1701, it passed to his eldest son,
Edward, on whose death, by will dated 12th Jan., 1710, Anthony Goddard
became owner of all his real estate. Anthony Goddard lived and died in
Purton, and was buried there 31st Aug., 1725, although one of his sisters,
Elizabeth Langdon, was buried at Little Somerford, a tablet in the Church
recording that “she dyed in London of the small pox 25th January,1701.” Of
the children of Anthony Goddard and his wife, Mary, the date of whose death
has not been ascertained, one (a), Sarah Goddard, died in Arthur Evans’
house in the Close of Salisbury and was buried in the Cathedral 16th Sept.,
1737, where there is a tablet to her memory. A little piece of the handiwork
of this child still remains in the form of a coloured sampler, with a rhyming
version of the ‘en Commandments, initials A. E., K. E., 8. G., M. G., E. G.,
hi. G., of her uncle and aunt, herself, sisters and brother, and note, “Sarah
Goddard, her work, March 11, 1733.” Another daughter (6), Elizabeth
Goddard, was buried at Purton, 14th Nov., 1737, and the youngest (c), Mary
Goddard, married, about 1738, Timothy Dewell,? a grandson of Timothy
Dewell, Rector of Lydiard Tregoze, during the Commonwealth and for many
years after, whose prowess as a preacher is recorded on a large flat stone within
the altar rails of the Church there. ‘Timothy Dewell is said to have died
in the West Indies, and his widow, with her son, another Timothy Dewell,
became resident in Malmesbury, where he practised for many years as a
doctor. Several memorials to the Dewell family are to be seen in the Abbey
Church, various members of the family holding a good deal of property in
the town at different times, including Burton Hill House, and mixing
themselves up very much in the affairs of the borough. All their property
ultimately came into the hands of a great grandson of Mrs. Mary Dewell,
Charles Goddard Dewell, the only son of Capt. Thomas Dewell, of Monks |
1 Visitation of Wilts, 1628.
2 Lydiard Tregoze Regs. Baptisms. 6th February, 1675/6, Charles, son of |
Dr. Timothy Dewell ; 6th January, 1715/16, Timothy, son of Charles Dewell |
and Ann his wife.
Se
=
By Canon PF, H. Manley. 171
Park, Corsham, and Henrietta Susan, daughter of Lieut.-Col. Tuffnell, of
Bath. Charles Goddard Dewell was a lieutenant in the 91st Regt., serving
in Greece in 1856, but resigned his commission and was received into the
Roman Church in 1859. Soon afterwards he became a member of the
Jesuit Society and remained a lay brother until his death in 1889. In 1861
he endowed a Roman Catholic Chapel in Devizes, and aided the establish-
ment of another at Malmesbury, besides showing himself a very generous
benefactor of the society of which he wasa member. All the Dewell estates
in Malmesbury were sold by him in 1865, and he seems to have been the
last representative of the family in the district. The only surviving son of
Anthony and Mary Goddard was (d) Richard Goddard, M.D., who, at one
time practised in Marlborough. He married! Sarah, daughter of Sir John
Wilde, and after his marriage he went to live in his ancestral home. He
added much to the amenities of Purton House while he resided there, laying
out the grounds round the mansion and utilising the stream running through
the premises to form an ornamental lake. He died in 1776, and his only
daughter, Margaret, married, in 1792, Robert Wilsonn, R.N., of Handly,
Co. Dorset, who was buried at Purton, Ist Feb., 1819, leaving four daughters.
Purton House was purchased from his widow? by her son-in-law, Mr. Richard
Miles, who re-built and enlarged the old house but died 3 almost immediately
afterwards, without issue. The other daughters of Robert Wilsonn leav-
ing no issue the Purton branch of the Goddard family became extinct and
their property * passed into other hands.
Arthur Evans himself acquired a considerable amount of property, and
in 1755 was High Sheriff of Wilts. His will, proved (P.C.C.) 11th April,
1765, mentions his estates at Haydon and elsewhere, Co. Wilts, and at Long
Hanney and Milton, Co. Bucks. He may have benefitted, like his cousin,
Benjamin Haskin Stiles, by successful speculation in South Sea Company
shares. A memorial tablet,on which is a shield bearing the arms of Hvans and
_ Coker impaled, surmounted by the Evans crest, in Rodbourne Cheney
_ Church, states that he died, aged 75, on 15th February, 1762, and his wife,
| Catherine, aged 84, on 12th December, 1780. He left two children, a
_ daughter, Catherine, who married Simon Wayte, of Groundwell, in Little
_ Blunsdon, and a son, Arthur Evans.
Simon Wayte belonged to a family at one time resident in Dauntsey
where there is a memorial tablet in the Church erected by him to his mother,
but it was later connected with Calne, various members of the family being
in business there. William Wayte, of Highlands, Calne, was a great nephew,
asalso Samuel Simon Wayte, who was a solicitor in Bristol, and whose son,
Samuel Wayte, was for many years the well-known President of Trinity Col-
lege, Oxford. Besides his property at Groundwell, Simon Waite was the
owner of a small family estate at Bushton,in Clyffe Pypard. He died, aged
78, on 21st November, 1807, and his widow, whose later years were spent in
1 ist August, 1753, at Purton. :
2 Buried at Purton 22nd March, 1843, zt 85.
| 3 Buried at Purton 20th June, 1839, eet. 51.
* Mrs. Sarah Miles sold Purton House to Horatio Nelson Goddard in 1840.
172 The Evans Family of North Wilts.
Bath, aged 85, on 15th September, 1816. ‘They were both buried at Rodborne
Cheney, and their memorial monument, bearing the arms of Hvans and
Wayte impaled, is in the Church. Mrs. Catherine Wayte seems to have
been a person of some force of character, and and of a charitable turn of
mind. She endowed a school at Haydon Wick for the education of twenty
poor children of the parishes of Rodborne Cheney and Blunsdon St. Andrew,
but this endowment is now merged in the general educational funds of the
Wilts County Council. (Will dated 15th July, 1816.)
Her brother, Arthur Evans, who succeeded to the family estates on
the death of his father, was a B.C.L. of New College, Oxford, and fora —
short time Vicar of Rodborne Cheney, 1778-9. He bought, in 1767, from
Peregrine Bertie, Esq., the Moredon House estate, which had been formed
by the wealthy London banker, John Morse, who went from Rodborne
Cheney to make his fortune in London with the Childs, and whose niece,
Elizabeth Payne, by her marriage with Peregrine Bertie became the mother
of the ninth Earl of Lindsey. (W. N. & Q., vol. vi., p. 361, &ec.)
Arthur Evans made considerable additions to Moredon House, and ap-
parently took up his residence there for a time. On several of the out-
buildings are still to be seen sundials with the initials A. E. and date 1767.
He died in Bath, where he had a house in Brock Street, in 1789, leaving no
family, but survived by his wife, Catharine, the daughter of Cadwallader
Coker, of Tottenham, who died 29th August, 1810. They were both buried
at Rodborne Cheney, where their memorial tablets are‘in the Church. The
properties mentioned in his will[P.C.C., pr. 18th Nov., 1789] included estates
in Rodborne Cheney, Stratton St. Margaret, Wroughton and Milton, Co,
Berks, also the advowson of the Church of Rodborne Cheney. Subject to the
life interest of his wife and sister, Mrs. Catharine Wayte, the bulk of his
property was left to the children of his first cousin, Henry Evans, only son
of his uncle Thomas, who, in 1724, had married, at St- Lawrence, Reading,
Mary Pike, gentlewoman, of Rodborne Cheney, and resided there.
Henry Evans left a large family,! the various members of which were
engaged in business in Wroughton, Upper Stratton, Highworth, and else- 7
where, all of whom were buried at Rodborne Cheney, but the settlement of |
affairs after the death of Mrs. Wayte led in 1826 to the sale of the Evans
estates in that parish and elsewhere. Moredon House and two farms were |
purchased by the representatives of the late Rev. Arthur Evans, Vicar |
of Rodborne Cheney (1792—1820), one of the sons of Henry Evans, and |
later these came into the possesson of his only son, the Rev. Arthur Evans, ||.
Rector of Little Somerford (1847—93), who also inherited other Evans |
property through the early death, 26th Sept., 1852. of his first cousin, |
Charles, son of Charles Edward Rendall, of Brigmanstone, who had married |)
Maria, the daughter of Thomas Evans, of Burghclere, Southampton, another |
son of Henry Evans. There isa memorial window to Charles Arthur Rendall |
1 Mary married Robert Tucker and had issue; Jane, Elizabeth, and John 4
died unmarried; Thomas married Susanna Warman and had issue; |
Henry; Arthur married, at St. Saviour’s, Southwark, Ist January, 1811, ;
Ann Pyke and had issue ; Richard married Susannah Vivash and had issue. |
_ By Canon F. H. Manley. 173
in Milston Church. Educated at Marlborough College, he went into resi-
dence at Trinity College, Cambridge, in October, 1851, and unfortunately
fell into the water from a boat. This accident developed the consumptive
tendencies that were latent in him, and he died the following September.
Moredon House, with its old-world garden, had some interesting features
about it, and was surrounded by well-timbered fields, It was for many
years occupied as a gentleman’s residence, being in the tenancy, during the
earlier part of the last century, of the Rev. Richard Miles, who was for
fifty-nine years Rector of Lydiard Tregoze, dying at the age of 92, on 4th
Sept., 1839. Later, forsome ten years Mrs Annica Susan Goddard, widow of
Edward Goddard, Vicar of Clyffe Pypard (1791—1839), made it her home,
and was succeeded by Mrs, Eliza Large, who keptia school there. After
that it ceased to be attractive as a private residence, and was occupied as a
farmhouse. :
The Rev. Arthur Evans married, as his first wife, Susan Wightwick,! of
the ancient Staffordshire family, one of whom wasa co-founder of Pembroke
College, Oxford. The first member of the Wightwick family to settle in
Wiltshire was Henry Wightwick, a fellow of Pembroke College, who, early
in the eighteenth century, came to Dauntsey. He was married, in Broad
Somerford Church, 9th December, 1715, to Elizabeth Wayte, youngest
daughter of the late Rector of Broad Somerford. He was afterwards master
of Tetbury Grammar School, died Rector of Ashley, and was buried? in
Broad Somerford Church. His widow survived him until 1787.3 She left
behind her a small book of private devotions, which she had compiled and
used for her spiritual edification, still in the possession of the family and
issued in print some years ago. Her grandson, Henry Wightwick,! also a
fellow of Pembroke College, became Rector of Little Somerford in 1794,
and married a daughter of Abraham Young, of that parish, owner of an
estate there, which his father had purchased in 1787, at the sale of the
Estcourt property in Malmesbury. Henry Wightwick and his wife lived
for many years in the Rectory of Brinkworth, of which parish he was also
in charge, the Rector being non-resident. He built while there the present
drawing room of the Rectory. His brother, Charles Wightwick, vice-gerent
of Pembroke College, induced the College authorities to purchase the ad-
vowson of Brinkworth, and during the latter part of his life became Rector
of Brinkworth and occupied the Rectory until his death. He also bought
:
|
_ property in Little Somerford, and his brother became owner of the advowson
' Sole daughter of Rey. Henry Wightwick, Rector of Little Somerford,
and sister of his only son Henry, Rector of Codford St. Peter (1840—1884),
* 27th November, 1763.
3 Buried at Broad Somerford, 2nd October.
*Son of Walter Wightwick, Rector of Little Somerford (1774—80), Vicar
| of Somerton (1763 —86).
° He was licensed “ Stipendiary Curate of the Parish Church of Brink-
worth at yearly stipend of £84 and gratuitous use of the Parsonage House,
'in which you are to reside 10 Feb., 1814.” Buried at Little Somerford,
| 17th Oct., 1846.
174 The Evans Family of North Writs.
and the lordship of the manor there, this latter having been sold by Giles Earle,
of Estcourt House, Crudwell, in 1807 to Jonas Ady, of Brinkworth, who
disposed of it to Mr. Henry Wightwick.
Through his wife, Susan Wightwick, the Rev. Arthur Evans became pos-
sessed of landed property in Little Somerford in addition to his estates which
he inherited at Moredonand Haydon. He was the last of the clergy in this
immediate neighbourhood to follow the hounds, and was for many years an
active member of the Malmesbury Board of Guardians, being vice-chairman
under Lord Suffolk as chairman. In his own parish he promoted various
schemes for the benefit of his poorer parishioners, and devoted himself
assiduously to his school, in which he taught regularly. He died in 1893,
and was buried at Little Somerford, where in the Church are stained glass
windows to the memory of his first wife, who died 23rd February, 1858,
and his second, Susan (Brock), who died 15th December, 1888 ; also of his
mother, Anne Evans, who died at the great age of 91 on the | 1th January,
1866, and was buried at Rodborne Cheney. ‘The old Rectory House at
Little Somerford was of modest dimensions, surrounded by a moat and
often not occupied by the incumbent. Mr. Evans, when he first came to
the parish, went to live in the old house of the Youngs, adjoining the church-
yard on the north, but on the death of his mother, who, during the latter
years of her life lived there, he very much enlarged the Rectory house, filled
up the moat, laid out the gardens as they are now and spent the last years
of his life in this more spacious abode.
On the death of the Rev. Arthur Evans, 15th April, 1893, the real pro-
perty passed to his eldest son, the Rev. Arthur Evans, Rector of
Snelston, Derbyshire, who had married, 30th October, 1886, Margaret
Shafto, belonging to a well-known north country family, her father being
the Rev. Arthur Duncombe Shafto, Rector of Brancepeth, Co. Durham.
Later, however, the property came into the possession of Mrs. Manley, his
younger daughter, by whom it was sold in 1918. ‘he little Somerford
property, together with that belonging to the Wightwick family, sold at
the same time passed into various hands, but the titular lordship of the Manor
remained with Mrs. Manley tothe end. Moredon House, with some 200 acres
of land was purchased by Mr. William Loder, who had for many years been a
tenant, as also his father before him, on the estate, and had of late years
becaped these premises.
The present representatives of the Evans family are (1) the Rev. Arthur
Evans, of Bath, who has a surviving family of three sons. Arthur, a Lieut.-
Commander in the Navy ; Walter, in the Diplomatic Service ; and Thomas ;
also a daughter married to the Rey. William Atkinson; one son, Richard, of
the Staffordshire Regiment losing his life in the war and (2) the Rev.
Walter Evans, of Bath, unmarried.
4
'
175
A COMPLETE LIST OF THE ANCIENT MONUMENTS
IN WILTSHIRE SCHEDULED UNDER THE ANCIENT
MONUMENTS ACT, 1913 (up to March, 1925).
It seems desirable to print in the Magazine a complete list of the monu-
ments scheduled up to the present time under the Act, especially asin some
cases recently, where land has changed hands, the purchaser has not
been notified by the Vendor that monuments on the property are under the
protection of the Act.
The numbers preceding the name of the monument in this list are the
official registered numbers, those following the Barrows are the numbers
assigned to them in the “List of Prehistoric Roman and Pagan Saxon
Antiquities in the County of Wilts.” W.A.df, xxxviil., 155—414. These
numbers are also entered on the Ordnance maps at Devizes and Salisbury
Museums.
No ancient monuments on land in the occupation of the War Department
or in Crown ownership can be scheduled.
The provisions of Section 12 of the Act are as follows :—
“© 12. (1) The Commissioners of Works shall from time to time cause
to be prepared and published a list containing :—
(a) such monuments as are reported by the Ancient Monuments
Board as being monuments the preservation of which is of
national importance ; and
(6) such other monuments as the Commissioners think ought to be
included in the list ;
and the Commissioners shall, when they propose to include a monument
in the list, inform the owner of the monument of their intention, and
of the penalties which may be incurred by a person guilty of an offence
under the next succeeding sub-section.
(2) Where the owner of any ancient monument which is included
in any such list of monuments as aforesaid proposes to demolish or
remove in whole or in part, structurally alter, or make additions to, the
monument, he shall forthwith give notice) of his intention to the Com-
missioners of Works,and shall not, except in the case of urgent necessity,
commence any work of demolition, removal, alteration, or addition for
a period of one month after having given such notice ; and any person
guilty of a contravention of or non-compliance with this provision shall
be liable on summary conviction to a fine not exceeding one hundred
pounds, or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding three months, or
to both.
(3) This section shall not apply to any structure which is occupied as
a dwelling house by any person other than a person employed as the
caretaker thereof or his family.”
VOL. XLIII.—NO. CXLII. N
176 A Complete List of the Ancient Monuments in Wiltshire
Camps, EARTHWORKS.
County
Number,
it Old Sarum
A, Barbury Castle, Ogbourne St. Andrew and Wroughton
11 Castle Ditches, Wardour
13 Winklebury Camp, Berwick St. John
17 Knap Hill Camp, Alton Priors
20 Enclosures north of Wansdyke, Stanton St. Bernard
21 Four Enclosures on All Cannings Down
22 Enclosures on Allington Down
32 Rybury Camp, All Cannings
33 Giant’s Graves, Oare
37 Bratton Camp
41 Knook Castle, Upton Lovel
44 Scratchbury Camp, Norton Bavant
45 Battlesbury Camp, Warminster
55 Castle Rings, Donhead St. Mary
56 Chiselbury Camp, Fovant
61 Earthwork on Wilsford Down, Wilsford, 60 N.W.
62 Avenue at Stonehenge
74 Earthwork Enclosure of East Group of Barrows, Winterbourne
Stoke
76 Clearbury Rings, Standlynch
98 Enclosure east of Kennet Road, north-west of Barrow 30, Avebury
101 Entrenchment on Windmill Hill, Avebury and Winterbourne
Monkton
106 Oldbury Camp, Cherhill
115 Codford Circle
116 Yarnbury Camp, Steeple Langford, and Berwick St. James
118 White Sheet Castle, Mere, and Stourton
125 Chisbury Camp, Little Bedwyn
127 Liddington Castle
129 Binknoll Camp, Broad Hinton
130 Bury Woods Camp, Colerne
132 Ringsbury Camp, Purton
141 Stapleford Castle (medieval), Stapleford
143 Castle Hill, Blunsdon St. Andrew
Lona Barrows.
County
Number,
3 West Kennet
5 Devil’s Den, Preshute
10 Manton Down, Preshute
12 Whitesheet Hill, Ansty
15 Lugbury, Nettleton
16
18
23
28
o4
26
37
38
40
42
43
46
47
48
49
50
52
53
54
57
58
63
67
74
V7
78
79
80
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
92
96
102
110
112
113
114
128
131
136
142
Scheduled under the Ancient Monuments Act, 1913.
Adam’s Grave, Alton Priors
Winterbourne Stoke, No. 1
East Kennet
King’s Play Down, Heddington
Barrow Copse, West Overton
Tinhead, Edington
Bratton, No. 1
Kill Barrow, Tilshead
Sutton Veny, No. 2
Oxendean, Warminster, No. 6
Kingbarrow, Warminster
Norton Bavant, No. 13
Middleton Down, Norton Bavant, No. 14
Knook
Bowl’s Barrow, Heytesbury
Knook Down, Knook, No. 5
Corton, Boyton, No. 1
Sherrington, No. 1
Sherrington, No. 4
Lake, Wilsford, No. 41
Wilsford, No. 34
Amesbury, No. 14
Wilsford, Nos, 30 and 13 (two barrows)
Ashmore Down, Donhead St. Mary
Giant’s Grave, Downton
Stockton No. J
Brixton Deverill No. 2
Pertwood Down, Brixton Deverill
Winterbourne Stoke, No. 53
Tilshead Lodge, Tilshead, No. 5
Old Ditch, Tilshead
Colloway Clump, Warminster
Tidcombe
Wexcombe Down, Grafton
Great Botley Copse, Shalbourne
Fairmile Down, Collingbourne Kingston
Giant’s Grave, Milton Lilbourne
Longstone Barrow, Avebury, No. 17
Monkton Down, Winterbourne Monkton, No. 8
Bishops Cannings, No. 76
Lanhill, Chippenham
Coombe Bissett Down
Handbarrow, Laverstock
Liddington
“Giant's Caves,” Luckington
Smay Down, No. 5a, Shalbourne
Woodford, No. 2
N
LS)
177
178 A Complete List of the Ancient Monuments in Wiltshire
Rounp Barrows AND Mounps, DoLMENs.
2 Silbury Hill
5 Devil’s Den, Preshute
18 Winterbourne Stoke Group
28 King’s Play Down, Heddington, Nos. 1—3
35 Draycot Hill, Wilcot, Nos. 1—5
54 Sherrington, Nos. 4 and 5
57 Lake Group, Wilsford, Nos. 37—41
58 Wilsford, Barrows 34—36 (one long, two round)
59 Wilsford, Barrows 55—6 (Starveall)
60 Wilsford Group, Barrows 58—65, 74
60a Westfield Group, Wilsford, Nos. 75a—82, and parallel ditches
61 Wilsford, Nos. 51—54, and adjoining earthwork
63 Amesbury, Nos. 1, 2, 14, 15
64 Amesbury, Nos. 10 and 11
65 Amesbury, 43—56
67 Normanton Group, Wilsford, Nos. 2—32
70 Rollestone, Nos. 22, 23, 26, 27, 29, 30
71 Wilsford, Nos. 1, 33, 33a
72 Winterbourne Stoke, Nos. 23, 25, 26
73 Winterbourne Stoke, Nos. 30, 35—40, 42
74 East Group, and earthwork, Winterbourne Stoke
90 On Easton Hill, Easton Royal, No. 1
91 Milton Lilbourne Nos. 1—5
94 West Overton, Nos. 1—6a, 8
95 Bishops Cannings, Nos. 88 and 89
97 Avebury, Nos. 30a, 31, 32
99 Avebury, Nos. 10—13 (Fox Covert)
100 Avebury, Nos. 26—30
101 Winterbourne Monkton, Nos. 1—4a, Avebury, 45 (Windmill Hill)
102 Winterbourne Monkton, Nos. 7—10 and sarsens
103 Avebury, No. 8a
104 Cherhill, Nos. 4 and 6
109 ~— Bishops Cannings, No. 26
110 Bishops Cannings, Nos. 74—'78, 80
117 Collingbourne Kingston, Nos. 4—20; Nos. 2—6, Gollineboutne Ducis
119 Collingbourne Ducis, Nos. 9—17
120 Collingbourne Ducis, Nos. 7, 8
121a Everley, Old Hat Barrow
121b Everley, No. 8
12ic Milton Lilbourne, No. 8
122 Collingbourne Kingston, Nos. 1 and 2
123 Pewsey, Nos. 3, 5, 10
124 Everley, Nos. 1—4 (Everley Barrows)
133a Aldbourne, Nos. 1—4 (Four Barrows)
133b Aldbourne, Nos. 7 and 8 (Sugar Hill)
134 Aldbourne, No. 14 (Warren Farm)
Scheduled under the Ancient Monuments Act, 1913.
Aldbourne, Nos. 9, 11, 12, 13, 15
Winterbourne Stoke, Conigar Group and earthwork
Amesbury, Nos. 26—37 (Seven Barrows)
Amesbury, Nos. 18,19 (Luxemburg Plantation)
Amesbury, Nos. 20—22 (Round Plantation)
Amesbury, No. 23 (Coneybury Hill)
STONE CIRCLES.
Avebury
Pennings, Avebury
Langdean, East Kennett
Winterbourne Bassett
Allington Down, south of Silbury, Avebury
RoMAN Roaps.
On Beckhampton Down, Avebury
Pertwood Down, Brixton Deverill
Overton Hill, West Overton
179
180
OBJECTS FOUND DURING EXCAVATIONS ON THE
ROMANO-BRITISH SITE AT COLD KITCHEN HILL,
BRIXTON DEVERILL, 1924.
By R. de C. Nan KIvELL.
The first mention of the site of the early settlement on Cold Kitchen Hill
is made by Sir Richard Colt Hoare, in his “ Antient Wilts, South,” where
it is classified as one of the “ British Villages.”
Apparently it was an unexplored site until 1896, when the Rev. EH, H.
Goddard undertook some slight excavations in a mound there. (W.A.1/.,
XXVii., 279.)
The present excavations have been carried out chiefly to the south and
west of the mound.!
Judging from the objects found we have more or less certain proof that
the site is of pre-Roman occupation. For instance, the two British coins,
the three La Tene brooches, and some of the heematite-coated pottery, and
many fragments of the ware similar to that found at the late Celtic settlement
at Cannings Cross.
As to the abandonment, the evidence seems to justify a date at about the
end of the fourth century. Among the one hundred and six coins found
there is not a single specimen of the debased coinage that is usually found
on sites occupied during the fifth century and onwards.
Also, all the pottery fragments are perfectly in accordance with well-
recognised periods up to the end of the fourth century, and no fragments
have been found that could with certainty be assigned to a later date.
All the objects found will eventually be placed in the Devizes Museum,
to accompany those of Mr. Goddard’s excavations from this site, and others
found and deposited there since.
Puate I.
A. Bronze hinge-pin bow brooch, with suspension loop. Projecting
transverse ridges on centre of bow. Length 2 3/8 inches. Excellent pre-
servation. (cf. No.8. Pl. xxiv. Catalogue Antiquities, Devizes Museum,
Part IT.)
B. Bronze spring-pin bow brooch. The bow rises 3/8in. from spring-
head and then is turned at 90° towards foot. At the top of the bow is
engraved an oblong containing two sunken triangles for the insertion of
enamel, but no traces now remain. Length 13/4in. Perfect. -
C. Bronze spring-pin bow brooch. T-shaped head furnished with
suspension loop. Running the whole length of the bow are ten oblong
1No painted plaster, foundations, or cut-stone work of any description
has been found on the ground excavated. A detailed map and notes on
the diggings has been kept for reference, and will probably be published
with the results of later excavations.
Objects found at Cold Kitchen Hill, Brixton Deverill. 181
cavities set transversely. Traces of red, blue, and green enamel and amber
remaining. A raised circular disc terminates the enamel cavities at the head
of the bow. Length 21/2in. Perfect.
D. Bronze hinge-pin bow brooch, with long T-shaped head. Raised oblong
at head with sunken grooves from corner to corner. ‘Three lozenges then
project themselves along the top of the bow, the first and last contain blue,
and the middle one red enamel. Length 1 3/4in. Pin and catch plate
slightly twisted, but otherwise perfect.
E. Bronze hinge-pin bow brooch. Wide flat bow 1/16in. thick, 1/2 in.
wide, tapering towards foot. Low flat curve with two sunken grooves,
tooled, down the centre, extending the length of the bow, the head of which
has a sunken ring and dot ornament on each of the projecting flanges.
Length 2 1/2in. Pin missing, otherwise perfect.
Puate II.
A. Bronze circular brooch, with mounting of a thin bronze repoussé
plate, representing apparently two armed men on horseback holding circular
shields. Immediately in front of the first horse stand three foot soldiers in
line, with the long slightly concave Roman shields with central bosses. An
eagle with outstretched wings stands in the foreground, presumably the
Roman standard. The surface plate corroded at the edges and slightly
cracked, but otherwise complete. Diam. 1 3/8 in.
B. Brooch identical with A., but condition not so good, also pin missing.
C. Brooch identical with A. Good condition and complete.
D. Bronze enamelled brooch representing man on horseback. Cut from
thin plate of bronze 1/16in. thick, and enamelled over complete surface.
Has been subjected to heat, which has destroyed most of the enamel, but
traces of red and blue still remain. 1 1/4in. X lin. Pin missing.
E. Bronze circular enamelled brooch with traces of silver beadings still
remaining. There have been six circular mounts, probably to contain stones,
but only two nowremain. The central portion filled with red enamel and
the outer portion with dark-green. Diam.7/8in. Pin distorted but complete.
F. Bronze circular enamelled brooch with traces of silver beading still
remaining. The interstices on the outside of the star-shaped ornament
filled with light-green enamel, on the inside dark-red. The central mounting
has probably held a stone, but is now empty, otherwise complete. Diam.
13/16in.
G. Bronze La Tene IJ. brooch. The bow is formed of a round piece of
wire 3/32in. diameter. This is flattened out to form the catch-plate and
| turn-back, where it is beaten out round and then joined to the bow again
by a band with transverse grooves cut in it, this completely encircles the
bow. There is a mass of corroded iron at the head and the remains of an
iron pin, but this is undoubtedly a much later mend, when the original
bronze spring and pin were lost. Length 1 7/8in.
H. Bronze hinge-pin bow brooch. Wide flat bow-plate 1/16in. thick,
_ 12in. wide tapering towards foot. Low flat curve with three sunken grooves
_ running the length of the bow. Middle groove plain, the two outside ones
stamped with punch dots and tooling. The head has two projecting flanges
182 Objects found at Cold Kitchen Hill, Brixton Deverill.
in the shape of a semi-circle. Length 21/2in. Pin missing, otherwise good
condition.
I. Bronze buckle, in shape of letter D. Flat base, and convex top.
Tongue formed by twisting a bronze slip loosely round straight side of
buckle. Size 11/4in. x lin. Perfect.
J. Bronze hinge-pin bow brooch. Flat bow-plate 1/16 in. thick, 5/16in.
wide, slightly tapering to foot, with two sunken grooves, tooled, running the
length of the bow. Two projecting flanges at head in shape of a semi-circle.
Length 1 3/4in. Pin missing, otherwise good condition. |
Puate ITT.
A. Bronze hinge-pin bow brooch with T-shaped head with large sus-
pension loop. The top of the bow has a deeply-scored groove 1 1/4in. long.
The pin has been of iron, but is broken off near the head. Length 3 1/4in.
Excellent condition.
B. Bronze hinge-pin bow brooch with projecting head. Originally fur-
nished with suspension loop, now broken off. The bow has a deeply-scored
groove 1 1/4in. long. The pin has been of iron, but is broken off near the
head. Length 3 1/8in.
C. Bronze hinge-pin bow brooch. Very high arch to bow, terminating
in long slender catch-plate. The head-end is engraved with two small
upright and one transverse lines. Length25/8in. Pinmissing. Excellent
condition.
D. Bronze spring-pin bow brooch. The top of the bow has two transverse
grooves close together. The whole brooch formed from one continuous strip,
with spring of four coils. Length 2in. Perfect.
KE. Silver British dished uninscribed coin. Diam. average 5/8in.
F. Silver and bronze British uninscribed coin. Diam, average 5/8in.
Puate IV.
A. Iron La Tene II. brooch. The bow is of round wire flattened out to
form catch-plate and turn-back, which is flattened to a round and then ter-
minates with a knob. The corrosion makes it difficult to discover the
nature of the attachment band.! Length 3 1/8in. All slightly corroded
but complete.
B. Fragment of iron La Tene I. brooch, part of bow, catch-plate, and
turn-back, which is flattened to a round and terminates with a small pro-
jection rounded at the end which does not touch the bow. The unusual
1 Since the description of this brooch was sent to the press it has been
discovered that there are three and not two upright coils to the spring.
The one not shown in the drawing is flattened and squeezed in between the
two outside coils.
Bronze Brooches. Cold Kitchen Hill. 3.
Bronze Brooches.
Cold Kitchen Hill.
3
4°
OL z
Viale =
«DMO DAO Liha,
sean)
AANA FRR ker
Bronze Brooches and British Coins. Cold Kitchen Hill. 2
Tron Brooches. Cold Kitchen Hill. 4.
Bronze Bangles, Rings, &e. Cold Kitchen Hill. .
> EES oe — - —
Cold Kitchen Hill. 4.
Bronze Objects.
Cold Kitchen Hill.
Bone Pins, &e.
By BR. de C. Nan Kivell. 183
upturn of the bow from the foot is apparently intended and does not appear
to be the result of an accident. Length remaining 1 3/8in.
C. Iron spring-pin bow brooch with four coils. The brooch formed
from one continuous round piece, flattened to form catch-plate. Length
29/16in. Slightly corroded and point of pin missing.
D. Iron spring-pin bow brooch with four coils. The brooch formed
from one continuous round piece flattened to form catch-plate. Very low
arch to bow. Slightly corroded but complete. Length 2 3/8in.
E. Iron hinge-pin bow brooch. Plain bow, 1/8in. thick and 3/8in. wide,
_ which tapers to the foote Complete but slightly corroded and pin wide
open. Length 2 3/8in.
_F. Iron spring-pin bow brooch with three coils. One coil and pin miss-
ing. Plain bow, 1/8in. thick and 1/4in. wide, tapering to thefoot. Slightly
corroded. Length 3in.
G. Iron hinge-pin bow brooch. Plain bow, 1/16in. thick, and 1/4in.
wide tapering to foot. Pin missing and slightly corroded. Length 2 5/8in.
H. Iron hinge-pin bow brooch. The bow of round wire 1/8in. diam.
Catch-plate missing. Slightly corroded. Length 1 5/8in.
I. Iron hinge-pin bow brooch. The bow, 3/16in. wide, tapering towards
catch-plate, rises perpendicularly for 1/4in and then continues at right
angles towards foot. Pin missing and slightly corroded. Length 1 1/2in.
PLATE V.
A. Bronze bangle of three strands of round wire, twisted. Hook and
eye fastening. Diam. 2 1/2in. perfect.
B. Bronze ring, circular inside, pentagonal outside. Flat circular bezel
at top and flat tapering surfaces cut on each side. Diam. 7/8in. Perfect.
C. Silver ring, plain, slightly broadened out at top. Diam. 3/4in. Per-
fect.
D. Bronze ring, overlapping ends, formed from one tapering strip.
Diam. 7/8in. Perfect.
E. Bronze ring, ends not joined and notches cut on both sides. Diam.
3/4in.
F. Small bronze ring, probably ear ring. Both ends sharpened but not
touching. Zig-zag notches cut on both edges. Diam. 3/4in.
G. Bronze ring of plain round wire, ends not joined. Diam. 3/4in.
H. Bronze pin with large projecting flat-based, conical head, with
twenty small grooves cut from apex to circumference. Length 3 5/8in.
Perfect.
I. Bronze pin with small round-knobbed head. Length 31/2in. Per-
fect.
J. Bronze wire chain and glass bead necklace. There are thirty beads
remaining, fourteen of a light green and sixteen of a light china blue. The
arrangement seems to be three green, three blue alternately. In general
| there are two bronze links between the beads. ‘otal length 18in. Good
| condition.
| K. Heavy bronze ring with bezel mounting for a stone, now missing.
| Diam. average 7/8in. Perfect.
184 Objects found at Cold Kitchen Hill, Briaton Deverill,
L. Bronze wire bangle with knotted ends. Diam. 2in. Perfect.
M. Bronze ring with notches cut on both sides, ends not joined. Diam.
3/4in.
N. Bronze wire bangle, ends not joined. Diam. 2 1/2in.
O. Bronze ring of round wire, ends not joined. Diam. 11/16in.
P. Bronze ring of a piece of twisted round wire, ends overlapping.
Diam. 5/8in.
Q. Bronze Ring, circular inside and more or less pentagonal outside.
Flat circular bezel at top with two grooves cut cross-wise and a series of
similar cuts on each side of mount. Diam. lin. Perfect.
R. Bronze ring ornamented with an oval cut from the solid and notched
on both sides. Diam. 3/4in.
S. Bronze ring of plain wire, ends not joined. Diam. 3/4in.
T. Half of a wide bronze bracelet, ornamented with bands of sunken
grooves, the two outside very closely tooled, the two inside with the tooling
slightly wider apart. Diam. 2 3/8in. Width 1/2in. Perfect.
U. Bronze ring made from a fragment of a bangle of two strands of
twisted wire. Diam. 3/4in.
Puate VI.
A. Bronze stylus pointed one end and a flattened eraser the other.
Length 3 7/8in. Perfect.
B. Bronze spoon with handle joined to bowl with straight instead of
usual curved attachment. End of handle pointed. Length of handle
4 1/2in. Bowl 1 3/8in. x 11/8in. End of bowl worn down, otherwise
perfect.
C. Bronze spoon, traces of thick tinning still remaining. Pointed
handle joined to bow] with curved attachment. Length of handle 3 3/4in.
Bowl 1 5/8in. X 1 1/8in. End of bowl worn thin and slightly broken,
otherwise good condition.
D. Bronze spoon with twisted handle not pointed. Attached to bowl
with usual curve. Length of handle 3 3/4in. Bowl has lost front portion,
length remaining 3/4in. x 1 1/8in.
K. Bronze tweezers, plain. Length 2in. Perfect.
F, Bronze ear-pick, with circular flattened end pierced for suspension,
and minute hollowed bow] the other end. Length 1 7/8in. Perfect. i
G. Bronze pin or spoon handle with head broken off, thickly tinned.
Length 2 5/8in.
H. Piece of rolled-up bronze. lin. long, 1/4in. diam.
I. Bronze mount with two pierced conical ends. Length 1 1/2in. x
5/16in. |
J. Bronze knife or razor? with half of blade missing. Handle beaten
out at end in form of.a spiral roll. Length remaining 2 3/8in.
K. Bronze swan-neck pin. Point missing. Length 2 1/8in.
L. Tube of bronze,! formed from one rolled piece soldered down the
edges. Length 5 1/4in. x 3/8in. diam.
Forty-nine other fragments of bronze have been found, chiefly of
brooches, bangles, and rings.
1 Probably the casing of a spring tubular lock. (2) °
By RB. de C. Nan Kivell. 185
Pirate VII.
A. Bone pin, pointed knobbed head. Length 2 7/8in. Perfect.
B. Bone pin, conical head with projecting collar. Length 3 1/4in.
Perfect.
C. Bone pin, pointed elongated knobbed head with projecting collar.
Length 3 5/8in. Perfect.
D. Bone pin, with conical head and projecting collar. Length 3 3/4in.
Perfect. ,
E. Bone pin, with flat-topped, basin-shaped head. Length 1 7/8in.
Perfect. /
F. Bone pin, conical head with large thin projecting collar. Length
8 3/4in. Perfect.
G. Bone pin, flat round top with two collars. Length 3 3/8in. Perfect.
H. Bone pin, conical head with projecting collar. Length 3 1/4in.
Perfect.
I. Bone pin, conical head with projecting collar. Length 3 7/8in.
Perfect.
J. Bone pin, slightly curved top, basin-shaped head. Length 3 3/4in.
Perfect.
|
|
|
4
|
i
:
;
remaining 2 7/8in.
K. Bone pin, flat round projecting head. Length 2in. Perfect.
L. Bone pin, knobbed head. Length 3 3/8in. Perfect.
M. Bone pin, conical projecting head with grooves cut from apex to cir-
cumference. Length 27/8in. Perfect.
N. Bone pin, large flat round projecting head. Length 3in. Perfect.
O. Bone pin, head left in natural state, probably unfinished. Length
3 1/2in.
(Besides these perfect pins there are thirty-nine fragments of various
' sizes).
P. Circular sawn piece of bone, slightly concave side. Width 1/2in.
Diam. 3/4in.
@. Bone bead or whorl. Incisions cut from the top and bottom to meet
two groovesrunning round the circumference. Height 1/2in. Diam. 7/8in.
R. Bone toggle, with three parallel grooves encircling each end. Length
S. Bone stylus, writing point missing. Remaining length, 2in.
T. Hollowed bone, tapering from a square of 5/16in. sides, to a round
1/4in. diameter. ‘he square end is cut off at an angle of 45° and pierced
vertically with around hole. When blown like an ordinary whistle it gives
ahigh shrill note. Length 2 7/8in.
U. Bone needle? tapering to pointed ends from flat pierced centre.
One extreme point broken off. Length 3 1/8in.
__ Y. Sliced bone, pointed one end and notched the other. Very highly
|polished. Length 3in.
W. Part of round bone bangle? with minute iron rivet oneend. Length
Puate VIII.
_ Altogether four hundred and one glass beads have been found, and in a
| great variety of colours of the following shades :—black, sea green, pea
186 Objects found at Cold Kitchen Hill, Brixton Deverill.
green, Olive green, white, brown, grey, turquoise, china blue, royal blue,
light blue, red, coral, brick. The great majority are of the notched variety,
ranging from one segment to ten. The long tubular ones are untwisted.
There are a number of roughly squared china blue ones of a regular length
of 3/8in. There are a number twisted many times without becoming
notched.
OTHER FRAGMENTS oF GLASS NOT ILLUSTRATED.
There are thirty-two fragments, and with the exception of three of a
whitish colour, all are of various shades of sea green. They are chiefly
from bottles and cups. One of the white fragments is presumably part of
a, window pane, as a mortar-like substance still adheres to the rounded out-
side edges.
PLATE IX.
A. Iron stylus, with reduced extending point 1/2in. from one end and
flattened eraser the other. Bent. Length 3 1/2in.
B. Large iron stylus, reduced extended writing point broken off. Pro-
jecting eraser. Length 4 5/8in.
C. Iron stylus, tapering to a writing point and with a wide projecting
eraser. Length 4 1/2in. |
D. Short iron stylus, reduced extended writing point broken off 1/4in.
from end. Projecting fan-shaped eraser. Bent. Length 2 5/8in.
EK. Iron stylus, reduced extended writing point 1/2in. from one end and
projecting eraser the other. Length 41/4in. Perfect.
F. Iron awl, square tang and tapering in a round to a very sharp point
the other end. Length 8 1/2in.
G. Iron awl, square tang and tapering in a round to a very sharp point
the other end. Length 3 5/8in.
H. Iron object, flattened and slightly turned upatone end. Length 3in,
I. Iron pin, head tapered and bent to form a round eye. Length ©
3 1/4in. .
J. Ditto. Length 3in.
K. Ditto. Length 2 7/8in.
L. Iron pin, curved and head bent to form a large round eye. Length
1 7/8in.
M. Iron pin, curved and head bent to form a small round eye. Length
1 3/8in.
N. Iron nail, with large round mushroom-like head. Length 1 3/8in.
O. SameasI. Length 1 3/4in.
P. SameasI. Length 1 3/8in. |
Q. Ox goad, ferrule with pointed pin. Diam. 3/8in. 1/4in. wide. Pin |
3/4in. long. |
R. Ox Goad. Diam. of circle 1/2in. Total length 1 3/4in. (Four of |
these objects have been found.) |
S. Ring of iron. Diam. 1 3/8in. _
T. Iron ring, ends not joined. Diam. 3/4in.
U. Iron awl ? squared and tapering to a point both ends. Length 3in.
By R. de C. Nan Kvvell. 187
PLATE X.
A. Square piece of iron. Ten twists one end and small conical head the
other. Length 5 5/8in.
B. Iron chisel, with fragments of wooden handle corroded on. Jength
5in,
C. Iron socketed spear-head, with hole for rivet. Point missing. Length
remaining 2 5/8in.
D. Curved strip of iron with widened perforated ends. Length 2in.
E. Iron object, with flattened end, havinga raised oval mounting. Length
3 3/8in.
F, Iron needle, pointed both ends and large oval eye. Length 2 1/4in.
G. Iron knife, with handle flattened at end, and turned back to form a
loop. Length 7 3/8in.
H. Perforated round iron object, probably an ornamental boss. Diam.
1 3/8in.
I. Iron shoe cleats. (Altogether forty-three of these have been found
in various sizes.)
J. Iron leaf-shaped knife-dagger, or razor? Length 3 3/8in.
K. Iron knife-like object, blade broken off. Twisted handle with a loop
at one end. Length 4 5/8in.
Puate XI.
A. Iron object with knife-edge. Length 2 1/4 in.
B. Iron hook, with loop at the top. Length 2 3/4in.
C. Large iron tool. A sort of deep gouge at one end and a blunted
chisel the other. The shaft bevelled on the four corners. Length 12 3/4in.
- Perfect.
_ D.. Large iron pin of brooch, length 3 3/8in.
EK. Largeironnail. Triangular-shaped head. Length 4 3/4in. (Fourteen
_ pounds of iron nails of various sizes have been found.)
| F. Flat iron object, with tapering crook-shaped head. Length 4 1/2in.
G. Ring of thick round iron. Diam. 1 1/2in.
_ H. Iron object of three strips, welded together at one end and splayed
out at the other, the ends of all three have apparently been broken off.
Spring of tubular padlock? Length 2 3/4in.
__ LIL. Iron object, with twisted handle and projecting crook. Part ofa
| flesh-hook or a key? Length 4 5/8in.
: PuatE XII.
A. Pottery spindle-whorl. Diam. 1 1/2in.
| 8B. A fossil #chinus from the oolite. Probably used asa charm or button.
‘| Diam. '7/8in. (Vide Douglas’ Menta, No. 14. Plate 15.)
_ CC. Pottery spindle-whorl. Diam. 1 7/8in. (Altogether seven pottery
_ whorls were found.)
| D. Lathe-turned spindle-whorl. Kimmeridge shale. Excellent con-
dition. Diam. 1 3/8in.
| E. Chalk spindle-whorl. Diam. 1 1/2in.
_ F. Sling-bullet of baked clay. Length 2 1/4in. (Four of these have
‘been found, of different sizes.)
|
|
|
188 Objects found at Cold Kitchen Hull, Brixton Deverill.
G. Piece of round lead perforated at one end and broken off at the
other. Length 3 3/8in.
H. Fragment of Kimmeridge shale bangle. Length 2 1/2in.
I. Fragment of Kimmeridge shale bangle. Length 3 1/4in.
J- Small ring of Kimmeridge shale, with sunken ring and dot ornament.
Diam. 1 3/8in. Broken.
K. Bone implement, worked to a point, unworked at the butt. Length
4 7/8in.
L. Ditto. Length 4 3/4in.
M. Ditto. Length 4 1/2in.
N. Bone gouge? Made by slicing off to a point a metatarsal bone of a ~
sheep. The knuckle-end pierced. Length 4 1/4in.
O. Ditto. Length 4 1/4in.
P. Ditto. But unsliced. Length 4 1/2in.
(Q. Fragment of Kimmeridge shale bangle, ornamented with grooves cut
diagonally. Size 1 3/4in. (Also fourteen other fragments of plain shale
bangles have been found.)
R. Sameas N., but knuckle-end broken off. (Altogether fourteen worked
and pierced bones have been found.)
PuatTe XIII.
A. Mortarium of light brown ware, with wide overhanging rim. Coated
originally with a bright red and then a black substance. Studded internally
with very fine broken flint and stones. Diam. at top 6 7/8in. With rim
7 5/8in. Height 3in. (Pieced together.)
B. Bowl of light grey ware, with heavy overhanging rim. Diam. at
top 8in. With rim 8 3/4in. Height 2 7/s8in. (Pieced together.)
C. Oval saucer, with two handles, of a coarse black ware. Length Qin.
Width 6in. Height 1 3/4in. (Pieced together.)
D. Round shallow pot of coarse black ware, with one handle. A scored
trellis pattern completely encircles the pot. Diam. 6in. Height 2in.
(Pieced together.)
E. Bowl or porringer, with straight sides obliquely out-set, and a thick
rounded flange just below the small upright lip. Of coarse brownish, nearly
black ware. Outside diam., including flange, 5 1/2in. Height 3in. (Pieced
together.)
F. Same as E, but with lighter fanee Diam., including flange, 4in.
Height 2 1/2in. (Pieced together.)
G. Sameas E. Diam., including flange, 4in. Height 2 1/2in. (Pieced
together.)
H. Same as E, but with a greater protruding angular flange. Diam.,
including flange, 7in. Height 3in.
I. Shallow bowl of Samian ware, with bead lip, and obliquely expanded
moulded foot ring. (The form lies between the 31 and the 37 of the sigillata
bowls.) Unstamped and incomplete.
J. Small hand-made beaker, with thickened and slightly expanded lip.
Of coarse brownish-black ware. Diam. attop 3in. Height 31/2in. (Pieced
together.)
By R. de C. Nan Kvell, 189
K. Small hand-made beaker, with thickened and slightly expanded lip.
Of very coarse brownish-black ware. Diam.attop 4in. Height5in. (Pieced
together.)
L. Fragments of globular narrow-necked vase of New Forest ware, with
four series of four lines painted in white slip running vertically from two
sunken grooves encircling the bottom of the neck, to two grooves encircling
the base of the vessel. Of hard light-grey ware, with a pinkish coating.
Probable height 6in. Diam. 5in.
M. Part of a perforated bow] with wide horizontally-set rim. Of a soft
grey paste. Diam. 6in. Height 3in.
N. Fragment of a bowl of grey ware, ornamented with five ribs or cordons,
and coated inside and out with hematite. Height 2in.
O. Fragment of a bowl with bead rim. Of light-brown ware, coated
inside and out with a red substance in imitation of true Samian. Decorated
with complete rosettes above a slight shoulder, and with demi-rosettes on a
larger scale beneath. (Apparently the standard form 37.) Height of
fragment 2in.
P. Another fragment from same bowl as O.
Q. Fragment of rosette-stamped ware, with the addition of a row of
sunken squares set obliquely to the rim. Not from the same bowl as O and
P., but apparently also of the standard form 37.
R. Base of a thin cup of Samian ware, with part of maker’s stamp,
CELS .. . Apparently the potter Celsiani.
S. Fragment of base of Samian bowl, with maker’s stamp, SAMILVS.
T,. Fragment of base of Samian bowl, Form No. 9, with end of maker’s
scamip a... + APIIT.
(The other part of the base has since been found, and the name reads
_.STAPIII.)
| U. Fragment of base of Samian bowl, with part of maker’s stamp,
WA toe
(Altogether one hundred and sixty-two fragments of Samian ware have
| been found. Of these seventeen only have any decoration.)
Piuate XIV.
A. Four fragments of New Forest ware, coated with black varnish and
| painted in white slip in various designs. (Altogether only 14 fragments of
_ this ware have been found).
B, C, D, E. Fragments of pottery of a soft, light-brown paste, with
incised designs bearing a close resemblance to those on the pottery found
- on the late Celtic site at All Cannings Cross. (cf. W.A.J/., vol. xxxvii.,
| 526—538).
_ F,G. Fragments of hard blue pottery with incised combed patterns.
| H. Four fragments of the sixty-nine found, (thirty-eight pieces with
| design,) of a pot of light brown, rather coarse ware. The pot was originally
: covered with an incised pattern of various sized squares, triangles, oblongs,
| ete., and the incisions filled with a white substance, traces of which
‘remained. (The pot was evidently a waster, as part of it is distorted).
| I. Fragment of tiling or broken hypocaust flue, with deep incisions,
brick-red in colour. (Sixty-two of these fragments have been found),
\
|
}
of
|
oy
190 Objects found at Cold Kitchen Hill, Brixton Deverill,
J, K. Fragments of strainers of coarse dark brownish-black ware. (Ten
fragments altogether found, of various sizes of holes).
L. Fragment of coarse black pottery with incised trellis pattern. (This
ware is found in profusion on the site).
M. Large fragment of roofing tile, brick-red in colour. (Fourteen
such fragments have been found).
N. Chipped circular ball of flint. Diam. 2 3/4in.
O. Ditto. Diam. 2 1/4in. |
P. Chipped semi-circular ball of flint. Flat base. Diam. 2 1/8in.
Q. Circular piece of pottery, slightly curved. Counter? Diam. lin.
R. Stone of fine grain, grey-brown in colour, worn by use. Whetstone ?
Length 4in.
Ss. Ditto. But with grooved end. Length 2 1/2in.
T. Ditto. Length.1 3/4in.
U. Ditto. Length 5in. (Altogether nine rubbing stones of this des-
cription have been found).
V. Flat oval rubbing stone of hard light-grey stone. Size 1 3/4in. x
1 1/2in. 2
W. Rubbing-stone, very hard, dark red in colour. 3 in, x 3/4in.
X. Flat piece of chalk, chipped round, counter? Diam. 3/4in.
Y. Circular ball of chipped chalk. Diam. lin.
PLatTEe XV.
Tron socketed and looped celt. Length 5 5/8in. Width at cutting edge
2 138/16in. Outside diameters of oval socket 2 11/16in. xX 17/8in. Perfect.
List oF Coins Founp.
BRITISH.
1. Small silver, uninscribed, dished.
1. Small silver and bronze, uninscribed.
RoMAN.
1. Small silver Vespasian. A.D. 69—79.
2. Small silver Antoninus Pius. » 138—161.
1. Small silver Julia Mamea. » 222—2235,
1. Large brass M. Aurel. Antoninus. » 211—217.
3. Middle brass Antoninus Pius. » 138—161.
le Fe Faustina I. , 1388—141.
l. Me Julia Meesa. 4, 218—223.
1. Small brass (plated). Diocletianus. » 284—313. —
le 3 és Carausius. » 287—289.
ey. Es * Constantinus I. » 9806—837.
1 os ‘3 Licinius » o17—8323.
|
3
4 .
Cold Kitchen Hill.
Iron Objects,
Cold Kitchen Hill.
Tron Objects.
aa Sat ris}
LLLP DE TOOLS Troe gt
3
43
Mostly :
Cold Kitchen Hill.
Iron Objects.
TG
Objects of Pottery, Bone, Shale, &. Cold Kitchen Hill.
Tir is
SS
Se
2.
gv DD wal!
Pottery. Cold Kitchen Hill,
AB
Ne yugsasas
Objects of
of Pottery, Stone, Shale, &e. Cold Kitch
itchen Hill.
A
ps = NX
eee INR PA o
fe PNW
= St
We. Se
22 ww
Sve i
— We ESS
SSS:
oo
LEIA preety
PLatE XV. Tron Socketed Looped Celt.
1
Cold Kitchen Hill. 7
1. Small brass
11. 0
2. ‘
1p 99
1. :
#2. 99
97. ‘
1
7. 99
8. 99
4, :
L
Te ‘
19, 99
106 Total.
—
}
\
|
|
|
|
VOL. XLII,—NO, CXLI.
|
|
By R. de C. Nan Kiwvell,
Victorinus.
Tetricus.
Claudius IT.
Carinus.
Allectus.
Constantius I.
Constantinus.
‘Theodora.
Constans.
Constantinus II.
Type Urbs Roma.
Magnentius.
Valens.
Unidentified.
191
A.D. 265—267.
267—278.
268—270.
283—284,
293—296.
305—306.
306—337.
306—337.
337—3850.
337—3o5l.
350— 353.
364—378.
192
THE CUSTOMS OF THE MANORS OF CALSTONE AND
BREMHILL}
By THe Ear or Kerry.
Several specimens of the “Customs” of Wiltshire Manors have already
appeared in the pages of the Wiltshire Archzological Magazine? In this
article I am giving, from documents at Bowood, two further examples,
which, though in many respects similar to those which have preceded them,
may not be without interest to Wiltshire readers.
The affairs of a medizeval manor were entirely regulated by its Customs, ©
and there is every reason to suppose that in many cases these date back to
the days before the Norman Conquest.
The “copy-holders,” or “customary tenants,” held their land by virtue
of a “copy,” or agreement, entered into between them and the lord of the
manor. In legal parlance they were tenants “at the will of the lord and
according to the Customs of the Manor.” Thus the Customs in effect con-
stituted the local land law, and it was of importance that they should
neither be forgotten by the tenants nor infringed by the lord. From time ~
to time, therefore, the “ Homage,” or jury of twelve manorial copyholders, —
were called together for the purpose of making a formal “ presentment” of
their Customs, and this was duly registered in the Court-Rolls of the Manor
concerned. Two such presentments are recorded in the documents below.
An important, if not an integral, part of the manorial system, was the
“Open Field,” which, as Mr. O. G. 8. Crawford has shown in his paper
Air Survey and Archeology,* can be clearly traced back to a Saxon origin.
There were usually three Open Fields in a Manor, used in rotation for
wheat, barley, and fallow, and parcelled out into strips, only divided one —
from another by a narrow “ balk ” of turf. The strips were normally a furlong
in length, and one, two, or four polesin breadth. They were thus supposed
to be quarter acres, half acres, or acres, though in practice they varied
considerably in size and shape, according to the configuration of the ground.
1 The Society is indebted to Lord Kerry for the cost of the blocks of the
two maps illustrating this paper.
2 Vol. xxxii., 311. The Customs of the Four Manors of the Abbey of Lacock,
by the Rev. W. G. Clark-Maxwell, F.S.A. Customs of the Manor of
Winterbourne Stoke, 1574, by the Rev. C. V. Goddard, xxxiv., 208. Customs
belonging to the Manor and the Rectory Manor of Christian MUalford, by
G. A. H. White, xli.,. 174—177.
3 Read before the Royal Geographical Society, 1923, and printed (H.M.
Stationery Office), 1924,
The Customs of the Manors of Calstone and Bremhill. 193
Both the lord of the Manor and his tenants held strips scattered over the
open field, and since these were cultivated in common, elaborate rules were
necessary in order to ensure that the sowing and reaping of the crops should
be simultaneously carried out, and to regulate the use of the ground after
harvest. The open field strips were variously named in different parts of
the country. Sometimes, as in the case of Calstone, they were known as
*‘furlongs,’ and in the map from which our illustration is taken we find
these “furlongs” grouped together under distinctive names, such as Oake
Furlong, Peas Furlong, Shady Furlong, Slot Furlong, Devizes-way Furlong,
&c. Another term employed was ‘‘ yard land,” with the variants “lands,”
“lawns,” “land-shares,” “ launchers,” “ lanchetts,” and ‘“‘ lynchets.” !
During the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries the Manorial system with
its concomitant Open Fields gradually fell into abeyance. Copyholders
were fast becoming leaseholders, and thus no longer depended for their
tenure on the Customs of the Manor, but on the Common Law of the land.
During this period also there took place a succession of Enclosure Acts,
under which the Open Fields were sub-divided into permanent enclosures,
which, taking the place of the strips, were then allotted between the lord
of the manor and his tenants.
But though the “lynchets” ceased to be separately cultivated, they have
not disappeared. It had been usual, in the heavier soils which required
most drainage, for the strip holder to plough always inwards, that is to say
to turn the sods towards the centre of the lynchet. ‘The strips were thus
built up in the centre, and the ridges so formed became so pronounced that,
though long since turned down to grass, they still retain their shape, and
are constantly found in the ‘ridge and furrow’ of our permanent pastures.
On sloping ground, again, it was the custom to turn the sod always down
hill, and thus in course of time the strip became not a ridge, but a terrace
which time could not destroy. These terraces are specially noticeable in
the Manor with which I am about to deal.
CALSTONE WELLINGTON.
The early history of Calstone is somewhat confusing, for there were at
the time of the Domesday survey no less than three Manors so called,?
comprising between them a much larger area than that now associated with
the name of Calstone.
We are here more particularly concerned with the land immediately
contiguous to the present village, which received the name of Calstone
Wellington, or Wylie, from the fact that it was, at an early period, granted
to the Willington family. It appears to have subsequently passed, with
other property in the neighbourhood of Calne, to the Zouches, by whom it
1The English Peasantry and the Enclosure of Common Frelds, Gilbert
Slater, p. 21.
2 Marsh, History of Calne, p. 262 et seq.
194 The Customs of the Manors of Calstone and Bremhill.
was sold in 1579, to Sir Lionel Duckett, Lord Mayor of London. The
Manors of Calstone and Calstone Wyley with the hundred of Calne, re-
mained in the hands of Sir Lionel Duckett’s descendants for nearly two
centuries. At the time when the Calstone customs were “ presented,” the
owner of the Manor was John Duckett, who became a few years later (1628)
Sheriff of Wilts, but had his mansion house at Calstone beseiged and de-
stroyed by the Parliamentary army during the Civil War. It was on this
occasion that he is said to have made his escape, by the ingenious ruse of
concealing himself in a coffin, in which he was carried through the belea-
guering force with all solemnity as if for burial, The Duckett family thence-
forward made Hartham their headquarters, and in 1765 Thomas Duckett,
who was at the time Member of Parliament for Calne, sold Calne and
Calstone to William Earl of Shelburne (afterwards first Marquis of Lans-
downe), whose father had, not many years before, become through the
purchase of Bowood a resident in the county.
There are at Bowood two maps of Calstone, showing respectively the
“North Field” and the “South Field” of the old Manor. They have
recently been photographed by the Ordnance Survey authorities, to whom
I am indebted for the copies from which the illustration which accompanies
this article (Map A) is taken. In the process of combining the two maps
into one, and in reducing them to a scale compatible with reproduction,
the names on the original maps have unfortunately disappeared. A few of
them have been reinserted ; it should, however, be noted that the East and
South Farms, the Rectory, and the Mill do not figure in the original, and
have merely been added in order to indicate the position of these Open Fields
on the Ordnance Map. It may be added that their southern boundary was
formed by the “drift way” which now marks the northern limit of the
Devizes Golf course.
The second map (Map B) shows part of the same ground (viz., the western
portion of the South Field) as photographed from the air by Mr. Keiller in
1824, This has also been reduced in order to to bring it within the scope of
the W.A.M., but the lines of some of the former “ lynchets,” though not so
clear as they are in the original photograph, can be clearly perceived. They
are no longer visible on the ground, and the value of air photography in
detecting these ancient divisions thus becomes once more apparent.”
Incidentally the maps tell us something of the later history of this Manor.
The originals have a marginal key to the various owners, and show their
respective properties in different colours. They were at the time six in
number :—(1) George Duckett, whose property (the major portion of the
fields in question) appears under three headings: “ Farm Land ” (z.e., land
appertaining to the Calstone Manor Farm), which is shaded in a dark
colour; “Tenants Land,” a large part of which appears to have been an
appurtenance of Spray’s Farm; and “ Waste Land”—(2) Sir Edmond |
Desbovery. (3) Wat. Hungerford, Esq. (4) Mrs. Wich, alzas Hungerford ;
(5) Parsonage Land, and (6) Ant. Brooks.
Duchetiana, by Sir G. F. Duckett, 65—67n ; & Marsh, History of Calne,
II., 263—272,
* See Mr. Crawford’s paper, already mentioned.
—— —
Oe By
ii 4
=)
$4
Yj
Sh
3
.
ie
UY | ed Oar]
==
==
ae Wheat
Ws
ynitl
_ NH
EAST FARM
*.
mA e
. 5.4 F Be =
sgenng™ SS.
RECTORY as &
-}\\ Nae 4 Cots
Hy I jf }
(a i 4,
Map A.—The Open Fields of Calstone Manor, showing the Strips or Lynchets into which they were divided ¢, 1725. (Scale about 6 inches to the mile.)
ba
'
y
i
Map. B.—The Coombes of Calstone Down. From air photographs taken by Alex. Keiller, F.S.A. Scot. Scale about 12 inches to the mile.
(Compare the old “Lynchets” of Calstone “ North Field,” as shown in Map A),
By the Earl of Kerry. 195
George Duckett, of Hartham, Wilts, and Dewlish, Dorsetshire, was
member for Calne from 1707 to 1722 and from 1722 till his death in 1782 a
Commissioner of Excise. It was his son and successor who sold the property
to Lord Shelburne. The key, however, proves that the Ducketts had by
this time already alienated a considerable portion of the Manor. The fact
of George Duckett’s ownership enables us to date the map as made in the
first quarter of the eighteenth century, but we can place it even more closely
through Sir Edmund Desbovery (or de Bouverie). This was the second
baronet of that name, and he succeeded his father, Sir William, in 1717.
The map must, therefore, have been made between 1717 and 1732. Sir
Edmond de Bouverie’s brother and suceessor, Sir Jacob, was later created
Viscount Folkestone, and was father of the first Lord Radnor, from whom
Lord Shelburne bought that portion of Calstone somewhere about the year
1780.
The customs of Calstone Manor are taken from a modern copy, amongst
the Bowood papers. I have assumed that this was accurately transcribed
(from an original no longer extant), and have therefore left it as far as possible
unaltered. Calstone at the time would appear to have boasted of only
nineteen copyholders, twelve of whom constituted its Homage. As an old
Wiltshire woman was recently heard to say of her children, they may have
been “good schollards” but they were certainly “bad spellards,” nor, as
will be seen, was the Homage of Bremhill much superior to them in that
accomplishment. The presentments were, however their own, and are here
given as they made them.
Calstone Wellington, together with Calne, Cherhill, and Compton Bassett,
was enclosed by an Act of Parliament in 1820.
Customs of the Manor of Calstone (1621).
The fourth day of April in the 18th year of King James, &c.
The homage there (that is to say): John Weston, John Feates als.
Hewes, William Goddard, John Hiscockes, Lawrence Seager, Thomas
Brown, John Forman, Thomas Webb, Walter Seager, Stephen Gray,
Robert Page and John Hannam, being charged upon their oathes to
present the Customs of the said manor, doe present the same in forme
following, that is to say:
That the Custom of the said manor is, and tim out of the mind of
man hath beene, that if any Coppyholder or Customary tenants of this
Manor dye, or shall at any time upon or after Michelmas day, and befor
our Lady day then following, dye tenant in possession of any Coppyhold
lands or tenemente parcel of this manor ; then the Executor or Adminis-
terator of every such tenant may and ought to have, hold, and enjoy
the said Coppyhold tenement and all the sevrell grounds belonging
thereunto, for and dureing one whole year next after the death of such
tenant soe dying, and then to leave the same in all respectts in such
and the lik state as he entred thereunto. And he ought to hould and
enjoy the wheate which at the death of such tenant is or shall be sowne,
and the wheate land and barley land which for that yeare is, or shall
196 The Customs of the Manors of Calstone and Bremhill.
be appoynted to bee sowne, untill Michelmas next after the death of
every such tenant. And the Reversioner! att our Lady day, next after
the death of any such tenant, may and ought to enter into all the
steand meade,? and may fallow for wheat and barley in the sumer
feelds,? and may then alsoe enter into the Comon belonging to the said
Coppy-hold tenement.
And further they present that if such Coppy-holder or Customary
tenant doe dye upon or after our Lady day, and befor Michelmas then
next following, then the executor or adminestrator of evry such tenant
ought to have, hold, and enjoy the said Coppy-hold tenement, and the
sevrell grounds thereunto belonging, for one whole year after the death
of the said tenant* and then to leave the same as abovesaid. And the
said executor or administerator, yomediately after the death of every
such tenant, may and ought to enter to the arrable land, which then
shall be unfallowed, in the sumer feld, and may fallow and sowe
the same for that yeare following, and to take the profit thereof for
that yeare, and inthe mean season the Reversioner ought not to
enterrmedle therewith.
And further the said Homage doe present that all rents, dutyes,
services and customes wich shall or may grow due and bee payeable to
the Lord & others out of and for the same Coppy-hold tenement for
the space that such executors shall hould the same, shall be paid, done,
and performed by the same executors or his assignes; and further that
the Reversioner entringe after the Execut yeare® ended, shall make
such Custom-fallow in the sumer felds as for the Lord of the same ’
Manor, if fit to be done. .
And further they present that the Custom of the same Manor is, and
tim out of mind hath been, that the Lord of the same Manor for the
tim being hath and may grant esteats of the Coppyhold tenements
within the same Manor, by Coppy of Court Roll, for one, two, or three
lives in possession, and for one or two lives in reversion of one life
in possession, and for one, two, or three lives in revertion of a widdow’s.
esteat. And they alsoe present that upon and after the death of every
Coppyhold tenant and widdow, deying tenant in possession of any
Coppyhold parcell of this Mannor,: whose herriott is not certaine,
shall pay to the Lord for an heriott, for every such Coppyhold tenement
1 Tn original “‘ Revisdioner,” and elsewhere “ Rendioner ” and “ Revdsoner.”
The word evidently presented peculiar difficulties to the Calstone Homage.
2 Stoned mead, z.e., the meadow marked out into plots by stone landmarks.
3 It seems that by “summer field” the common arable field before it had
been ploughed is intended.
4 This custom of the holding of the estate of a deceased tenant by executors
for a twelvemonth was generally known as the “dead-year.” It seems to
have been peculiar to Wiltshire and Gloucestersire (Elton. Custom and
Tenant Right.)
° The “ Executor year,” z.e., the “‘dead’s year,” already mentioned.
By the Earl of Kerry. 19:7
heriotable, his or theire best beast, and for default of such heriott,
his or their best gives.
Item: They present that every Coppyhold tenement of this Mannor
ought to have timber for the repairing of their Coppy-hold tenemts
from tim to time, as often as need shall require, to be allowed and
dellevred unto them by the Lord, or his officer for the time being, epon
request ; to bee taken epon their own tenements, if any there bee, if
not, then elsewhere at the Lords pleasure. And alsoe stone and sand
for repairation of the same tenements, if any be epon the same tenemt;
if not epon the Lords weast by assignment as aforesaid.
And the Custome of the said Mannoris, and tim out of mind hath
been, that at the breach of the fields after harvest, the farmer may putt
into the said feilds all such cattell as he usuelly keepeth epon the said
farme, there to depasture untell such tim as he putt his flock of sheepe
into the same feilds, and then he is to take out his cattell. And that
the said flocke of sheepe are then to be keept in the farmer’s peeces by
the space of nin dayes then next after theire first cominge into the
feelds, and not any longer or elsewhere to feed, or to be kept in the
sam felds. During wich nin dayes, or at any time before, the tenants
sheepe may not feed in the farmer’s peeces without his consent. ?
Item: the said homage doe present that Lawrence Seager
payeth for his Coppy-hold half-yearly wij? ng?
Item: Walter Seager payeth for his Coppy-hold_half-
yearly Xe
One Custome-fallowe dayes worke and too Custem
reapers at harvist yearly 3
Thomas Webb payeth rent for his severell Coppy-houlds
vizt for Chubbs hold half-yearly aj
For his other Coppy-hold half-yearly xij4.
And one Custome-reaper for Chubbs to the farm at
harvist
Thomas Sumers payeth rent for his Coppy-hold half-
yearly WE
One Custome-fallow dayes worke and one reaper
and one griper at harvist to ye farm yearly
1 A give=something given, or in this case taken, for in default of the best
beast, it was usual for the lord to take as a heriot the best piece of house-
hold stuff belonging to his tenant.
2]t seems that after the joint harvesting operations of the open field had
| been completed ‘‘ the farmer ”’ (z.¢., the tenant of the manor farm) had for
a time the exclusive use of the field for his cattle, and that the cattle were
_ followed by sheep. The sheep, however, had to be penned for the first nine
_ days by the farmer in his own pieces or strips, after which the field was
presumably used in common by “ the farmer” and copyholders.
37,.¢,, as explained below, work for the manor farm at Calstone.
198 The Customs of the Manors of Calstone and Bremhull.
Richard Whithord payeth for his Coppy-hold half-yearly iij*. 14194.
Noe Custom works
Nicholas Long payeth for his Coppy-hold half-yearly elie.
‘' Noe Custome works
John Hannam payeth for his Sheepards Close, his Coppy-
hold half-yearly ae
Noo Custom works
Thomas Browne. payeth for his Coppy-hold half-yearly vs
One Custom-fallow day’s worke to the farme and
one reaper & griper at harvist yearly
William Goddard payeth rent for his Coppy-hold half-
yearly | xed age
One Custome-fallow dayes worke to the farme, too
reapers the one yeare, and the next yeare one reaper
and one griper
John Feates, als Hewse, payeth for the Coppy-hold
wherein he dwelleth half-yearly Sac avs
One Custome Fallowes days work to the farme of
Calstone, three reapers and one griper the one yeare,
and the next year too reapers and one griper
For Maskalls' at Michas xy.
Item : John Feates, als Hewes, payeth rent for one
Custom-Reaper and one griper to the farm at harvist
For Maskalls for the same at Michas 11ij*. ob.
Item: John Hiscoks payeth rent for his copy-hold half-
yearly viij’. iiijd.
' Maskalls. It will be observed that five of the Calstone Copyholders
paid small sums ‘‘for Maskall at Michaelmas,” in addition to their rents
and custom services. Mascall (said to = Marscall, the hard form of the
word Marshal, a farrier), was a common name in Wiltshire, and it is
possible that the copy-holders in question held a share in some land
known by that name, in addition to their strips in the Calstone fields. It
may, however, be remarked that the ‘‘ Maskall” due seems to bear some
relation to the principal rent paid, being generally about one-twelfth of
this rent. An “extent” of Calstone, made in the year 1274, after reciting
all the rents and works (totalling some £19) due by the tenants to the lord of
the manor, goes on to say “And besides this the customars and cottars
ought to be tallaged every year at the feast of St. Michael, and that tallage
is worth 26s. 8d. by the year. (Inquisetcons P.M. 2 Edward £.) Here, again
we find the same sort of proportion to the rent, and one is tempted to look
for a survival of the ‘“‘ Michaelmas tax” of 1274 in the ‘‘ Maskall” of 1621.
Other suggested derivations have been “ Marescalcia,” the right of taking
fodder for horses—‘ Malt-scot,” which might, perhaps, be equated with
“ Michaelmas ale”—or some form of “church-scot,” or Midsummer Tithe
(c.f. W.A.M., xxxiv., 213, note).
? ob (obolus) was the term often used at this time to denote a halfpenny.
By the Earl of Kerry. 199
One Custome-fallow days worke to the farm afore-
said ; one reaper one griper the one yeare and the
next yeare one griper
For Maskall Miches :
Steephen Gray payeth for his Coppy-hold half-yearely ol) | aS
For Maskall at Michs
For Broad Lands at Michs
One Custom-fallow days work to the farme, three
reapers and one griper, and six bushels of Custom-
Rent Barley,! to be delevrd at the Coppy-hold epon
damang between New Years day and Our Lady Day
Thomasin Chener payeth rent for her Coppy-hold half-
yearly
For Maskall at Miches
One Custom-fallow days worke, fouer reapers and
two gripers to the farm at harvist, Twelve bushells of
Custom-Rent barley to be dellerd as abovesaid
Lyonell Orrell payeth rent for his Coppy-hold half-yearly —_v’.
One Custom-reaper one griper
For Maskall at Michs.
Robart Page payeth rent for his Coppy- hold half-yearly i1j® 111114,
Six bushells of Custom-rent barly, one reaper and
one griper for one day in harvest
John Forman payeth for his Coppy-hold half-yearly 1iij®. 111)4. ob.
Noe Custom workes
John Westone payeth for his Coppy-hold half-yearly xilij’.
One Custom-fallow days worke & one reaper and
| one griper to Calstone farme
_ John Woodrof for his Coppy-hold half-yearly xij’.
One Custom-fallow days work and two reapers
William Phelpes payeth for his rent
| Noe Customs workes
Item: Our Custom is, and tim out of mind hath bin, that the
farmer of Calstone farm for the tim being (to whom these Customes-
workes for plowes are to be don) ought to give three dayes warning to
| the tenants of the sevrell Coppy-holds who are to provid such works,
| that they be redy to perform the same, and the same be don betwen
| the third of May and Midsumer yearly :
And that the farmer hath used and ought to provid and pay to any
| for such labourers, the dyett and wages hereafter following: that is to
say, for the plow folkes, bread, cheese, and beere, to be brought them
in to the fields ; and for the driver of the plow too pence a day ; and
] for the reappers and gripers alsoe to have three dayes warning ; and
the farmer is to allow and provid the labourers sufficient hott meat for
thair breakfast and diners, and sufficiant bread and beare at evry
XVI’.
viij4.
|
t
xvi.
One bushel of barley was usually payable to the lord for every ridge or
yard land sown.
|
200 The Customs of the Manors of Calstone and Bremhill.
throughes,! and (if the labourers please) an evenin at home to his
house to supper.”
BREMHBILL.
Bremhill Manor, which a seventeenth century map at Bowood shows as
co-terminous with the parish of that name, was in the middle ages an
ecclesiastical possession. It had been given in the year 935 by King
Athelstan to Malmesbury Abbey, to which it continued to belong until the
Dissolution.? In the Domesday Survey the place figures as Breme, a cor-
ruption of the Anglo-Saxon bremel (a bramble), and “ Brimble” it was still
called within the memory of many people now living. King Henry VIII.
made it a practice to reward those who had been most zealous in abetting
the destruction of the monasteries by granting to them portions of the
plunder obtained. It was thus that about the beginning of the sixteenth
century Sir Edward Baynton, one of the King’s Vice-Chamberlaing, secured,
for a sum of £1200, all the lands which had previously belonged to Malmes-
bury and Stanley Abbeys.
Two centuries later the same lands were sold for £57,500, by persons to
whom they had been mortgaged by the Baynton family, to John, Earl of
Shelburne, the father of the first Marquis of Lansdowne.
The customs of the Manor of Bremhill are dated January 11th, 1657.
The map already mentioned has no date, but can be placed by means of a
Survey, or ‘terrier,’ of the manor, which is also at Bowood. This was
made in 1629 and gives the names of all the tenants at that date and a
distinguishing mark for each of their holdings.. Corresponding marks ap-
pear on the holdings on the map in question, which is thus proved to be of
the same date as the Survey. The terrier shows that the Manor was then
divided into three Tythings:—Bremble with 26 tenants, Charlcuttt with
22, and Foxham with 81 and 13 freeholders. There would seem to have
been no great increase in the population since the Domesday survey, when
the persons living at Bremhill were given as 34 villeins, 22 bordars, 7
cottagers, and 16 serfs.
The Demesne was a large one, consisting of thirty-five separate pieces of
land, situated for the most part round the site of the present village of
1 Could this mean at the end of the day when the labourers were
“through ” their work ?
This was a privilege which in other cases would appear to have been
afforded by the Lord of the Manor, but in this case was deputed to “ the
farmer” as his representative. “One night’s entertainment” could in
feudal days be claimed by the sovereign from any of his vassals.
3 Bowles, “ History of BremAill, and Marsh, History of Calne, p. 219. , It
may, however, be noted that in Wiltshire Inquwistttons Post-Mortem
Charles I. (p. 158) part of the parish of “ Bremhill alias Bremble” is said to
have been “formerly parcel of the possessions of the late chantry of
Bromham.”
|
i
|
By the Earl of Kerry. 201
Bremhill, on Bencroft Hill, and near Bremhill Grove. The Manor House
appears to have been where the modern Manor Farm stands. According to
Bowles this had been in times past occasionally used as a residence by the
Abbot of Malmesbury, but the old building was pulled down in the early
part of the last century.
There are no Open Fields shown in the 1629 map. Nor do the Bremhill
Customs contain, like those of Calstone, any regulations relating to such.
The Demesne land, the holdings of the various tenants and of the free-
holders in Foxham Tithing consisted, not (as in the case of Calstone,) of
strips, but of numerous small enclosures, scattered about the Manor, and
not always contiguous to each other. The survey, however, shows that
there were certain ‘“‘ Field Lands” or “ Meadow Lands” in which the Fox-
ham tenants (only) had shares or strips. hese went by the names of
“Avon Field,” “ Middle Field,” “Tytherton Field,” ‘‘ Dolemeade,” and
“The Moore,” and though they are not shown on the map, it is clear that
they were all in the low ground to the south of Foxham village.
To the questions: Were there ever any open arable fields in Bremhill ?
and if so how and when were they enclosed? no certain answers can be
given. Though the Open Field was certainly a normal condition in the
English Manors, there may have been cases where for one reason or another,
none such existed, even in the earliest times. On the other hand, as is well
shown in Slater’s work! already mentioned, the Enclosure Acts of the
seventeenth and eighteenth centuries dealt with only a portion of England,
and the inference is that the rest had been enclosed in earlier times by
private arrangement, and without the necessity of invoking the law. ‘There
seems also to be some evidence to show that ecclesiastical land was more
_ frequently so dealt with than that of lay owners.
We are told that when the Church lands were first transferred to their
_ lay grantees, the new proprietors often succeeded in abolishing the
customary rights of the tenants thereon. The document which follows
shows that the Bremble folk had succeeded in maintaining their privileges
- unimpaired.
The Custums of the Coppyholders of the Manner
of Bremhill in Wiltshire.
I. Impri[mi]s : Our Custom is att the Lords will and pleasure [he}
may choose whether he will grant by Coppy of Court Roule any more
names than one. So likwise, at his will and pleasure, [he] may grant
SO many names by Coppy as he shall think good, be it more or less.
II. Item: If [? that] the father (being the first purchaser to him and
his children to hold successively), may at his pleasure surrender his
estate into the Lord’s hands, to the use of himself or others, and cut
off his own children ; unless the children do give any money to the
1 The English Peasantry and the enclosure of common fields. (Map facing
‘p. 73).
202 The Customs of the Manors of Calstone and Bremhill,
purchase with the father, if in, and openly known in, the Court. Like-
wise the last wife of every sonn (being tenants or any other named in the
Coppy to hold successively) shall have the widow’s estate according to
our Customs.}
III. Item: If [? that] the wife named in the Coppy (her husband
being deceased) may marry without licence and keep her estate during
her life ; though she hath never so many husbands and though her
husband do surrender in his life-time, that doth not take away his
wife’s estate, except she comes into the Court and consent unto the
same alsoe.
IV. Item: If the first taker do purchase to him and certain
strangers to hold successively, he may as well cut off the strangers as
the father may his children, except the strangers do lay their money
towards the purchase of the same and [it is] openly known in the
Court.
V. Item: If the father do purchase any estate to him and his
children and the father decease, the next taker cannot surrender for
term of his life: if he so do, the next taker (being in the same Coppy)
then living immediately shall enter into that by our Custom.
VI. Item: If a grant be made to a man and his daughter and she
after the death of her father entereth to the Coppy-hold, she may take
a husband without licence (for) breaking custom, nor cause of for-
feiture, nor loss of Herriot to the Lord ; for she is steedholder? and not
her husband.
VII. Item: If the tenant dies before our Lady-day in Lent, his
executors shall have the profit of the same till Michael the Archangel
next following, paying all duties to the Lord, the Stone mead and
vallue excepted to the next taker; andif he died before Michaelmas
the executors shall have the profits of the same till our Lady-day the
25th of March, paying all duties before excepted, the Stone mead and
vallue excepted to the next taker again.’
VIII. Item: If [? that] the Widow upon the determination of her
estate by death shall leave the Lord an Herriott ; but upon forfeiture
none at all, for that her estate is thereby fallen into the Lord’s hands
or the next taker in reversion when it shall happen.
IX. Item: Our Custom is that grants in reversion be good of any
customary tenants; not reversion upon reversion which is contrary to
our Custom.
X. Item: That where an infant cannot receive his Coppy-hold, the
mother or next kin ought to have the use of his Coppy-hold to the
profit of the infant, and also the custody of his body (except his father
in his last will and testament do appoint it to any other to the profit
1 The customary succession by the widow was known as the “ free-bench.”
2 Probably sted (house) holder is intended.
3 Compare Calstone customs (supra p. 196) where the executor under the
same circumstances held the land, for a full year.
By the Earl of Kerry. 203
of the infant) and also the custody of his body till he doth come to
age, if they will take it on them.
XI. Item: To have such meadows, pastures, lands, arable commons,
feedings, with that part and parcel of our Coppyholds which has [been]
or [is] belonging, or now is accostomably occupied, as well in Brayden!
or elsewhere, to be ours by our Custom.
XII. Item: To have all manner of timber for our reparations of
customary tenants, as often as need shall require, as well for doors,
windows, or other great timber, appointed by the Lord’s officers ;
and also that we should have sand for the same reparations in the
Common; and also stone, if we have any within our arable ground,
every man upon his own ground.
XIII. Item: If that we do lack timber for our reparations of bridges,
we should have it delivered by the Lord or the officers, as often as need
do require.
XIV. Item: That all tops, sturred ? trees and windfalls and shrouds,?
all underwoods, as thorns, maple, hazel, and willow, as others, to be ours
by our Custom.
XV. Item: If that a Man do purchase a Coppyhold for himself and
his wife, naming his wife, her christian name in the Coppy, that then
she shall enjoy it during her life, if she do bury her husband ; and if it
fortune that the man do bury his wife and marry another, and then he
decease, the last wife shall enjoy her widow’s estate by our Custom.
XVI. Item: That upon the death of a Coppy-holder the Lord ought
to have an Herriot or the best quick cattle that he hath of his own, at
the day of the death of the Tenant; and for lack, the best of his other
goods. |
XVII. Item: That a Coppyholder may keep the occupation of his
Coppyhold in his own hands, not dwelling upon the same himself (but
his servants), without licence.
XVIII. Item: That he that holdeth by Coppy of licence may make
tenants and under tenants, as he shall think good, by virtue of the
the same Coppy.
XIX. Item: That there can be no surrender made for it at Court,
but in the Court where it ought to be kept.
XX. Item: That if the Lord or his steward do grant any Coppy or
Coppies, they cannot be good before they are published before the
Homage in the Lord’s Court, where they ought to be taken.
XXI. Item: If any tenant do lose his Coppy by misfortune yet shall
he keep his living,* and if there be any other joined with him in the
same Coppy in reversion with him, he shall as well enjoy it after the
death, forfeiture, or surrender by our Custom.
1? Bradenstoke, but the word is indistinct in the original.
2 Probably “ stooled ” trees, 2.e., pollards. 3 Lopped branches.
| 4a.e., his holding—a “living,” when applied to strips in the common fields
normally consisted of eight to ten acres, with grazing rights for cows and
sheep (Slater, p. 21).
|
iy |
|
!
204 The Customs of the Manors of Calstone and Bremhiil.
XXII. Item: If any Coppye by revercion be granted by the Lord
and lawfully taken (to) the Homage in the Court, and the Copy
[happen] to be lost by misfortune (before this reversion do fall after
the death, forfeiture, or surrender of the customary tenant), the re-
versioner or reversioners shall enjoy it by our Custom, if any such
reversioners do come into the Court and claim if within twelve months
and a day, or any man for them.
XXIII. Item: Any Copyholder having any rowlessehold! may put
out any part of his Coppyhold for one year, having it once a year in
his own hands.
XXIV. Item: That when any tenant decease, whoever is next taker
ought to come into the Court to make his claim, and there be admitted
tenant according to the custom. When heis admitted tenant, he ought
to give 2s. to the Homage, to witness that in Court he was admitted
tenant. And if it happens that the steward (for the absence of the
Lord) will not admit him tenant upon his claime, and the party that so
hath claimed dieth, the Lord ought to have an Herriott or Herriotts,
and his wife ought to have her widows estate.
XXV. Item: That no other man than what is sworn shall have with
us to do with any [thing] that appertaineth to our custom, but those
that are customary tenants.
XXVI. Item: That all amercemall pains and all orders which apper-
taineth to the Lord’s Court,ought to be offered by the customary tenants.
XXVII. Item: That the Reeve and Tithingman do go when the
Holy Loaf do go,” and the Reeve is bound to gather our customary rents
1 Rowlessehold.” J am tempted, in view of the context, and of the
uncertain orthography of this document, to make this “ Roll-lease-hold,” or
a lease held by virtue of the Court Koll of the manor. Mr. Goddard, how-
ever, informs me that the word occurs (as “ Rowlessthing)” in the Diary of —
the Parliamentary Committee sitting at Falstone House (1646-7) and that
he and Mr. Dartnell, when compiling Wiltshere Words came to the conclusion ©
that it signified waste or unprofitable land (see Weltshire Words, (1893),
p. 135). It is possible that both constructions may be correct, for the Waste
of the manor was usually in the lord’s hands, and he could, therefore, have
leased it (as opposed to the granting 1t by way of copyhold) without contra-
vening the manorial customs.
2 Two explanations of this phrase may be suggested :—
(1) There was an ancient custom (which appears to have continued in
places after the Reformation) for the priest to bless a loaf of bread, which
was afterwards distributed among the congregation. ‘Those who received
a share were expected in return to subscribe a small sum—generally a half-
penny—towards Church expenses (Zhe Parish Clerk, Rev. P. H. Ditchfield,
p. 88 ff). The custom still survives in the Roman Catholic Church, the
“ Holy Loaf” being known as “ pain béni,” and its distribution usually
taking place on the Thursday before Easter.
(2) Under a similar, but apparently quite distinct usage, prevalent in
the middle ages, each worshipper used to present in Church to the parish
By the Earl of Kerry. 205
and which he has ben charged with herebefore by virtue of his office.
XXVIII. Item: If that any tenant being a Coppy-holder maketh
default at the Lord’s Court, having a lawful business, (he) may be
assigned by a penny and so to save his amercement.
XXIX. Item: That all strayers that shall be taken within the Manor
being under the price of three shillings and four pence, to remain in
the Tithing among the customary tenants, and the Lord to have the
price as they be priced at, when they be fully yeaned.
XXX. Item: If any tenant shall happen to be arrested of high
treason or felony, the wife shall have and enjoy her Widows estate
after the death of her husband, because he was tenant therein.
XXXI. Item: That if any tenant holdeth one, two, or three tene-
ments or messuages at his death, he ought to pay unto the Lord for
every messuage or tenement one Herriot, except it doeth otherwise
appear of his Coppy.
XXXII. Item: If that the Lord grant by Coppy of Court Roule to
any tenant three lives, every tenant living in possession ought to pay a
Herriot or Herriots after their death according to our custom.
XXXIII. Item: That it shall not be lawful for any customary tenant
to give or sell any manner of wood, shrouds, or timber, growing in or
upon his customary tenement, without the Lord’s license.
XXXIV. Item: That it is not lawful for any Coppy-holder to fell
any great timber growing in and upon his coppy-hold without the
Lord’s license.!
XXXV. Item: That if the father do make any forfeiture upon his
Coppy-hold, that it shall remain to the right and interest of the next
reversioner or reversioners, but they shall have and enjoy the same
according to our Custom.
XXXVI. Item: That no tenant that holdeth by Coppy of Court
Roule, make any under tenant or tenants upon his Coppy-hold above a
year and a day, without a Coppy of licence granted by the Lord of the
Manor.
| priest a loaf made of new wheat as a sort of “ first fruits” offering. ‘his
_ ceremony was known as “ Loaf-mass,” or “ Lammas,” and it took place on
the Ist of August (O.8.). Lammas Day thus became one of the recognised
quarter days of the year—the others being Michaelmas, Candlemas
| (Christmas), and Whitsuntide.
I am inclined, in view of the context, towards the second hypothesis.
| Lammas Day was closely connected with the interior economy of the
_ Manor, for it was at this season that the common arable fields were thrown
| open for pasturage (Lammas fields). It would, therefore, have been a likely
| moment for the manor officials (reeve, tythingman, hayward, &c.) to vacate
| their offices, though in some manors the change was made at Christmas
time (c.f. Slater, p. 22).
| 1 Hence the popular saying that ‘“‘ the oak grows not except on free land,”
_|for copy-holders seldom planted trees, the value of which would have
accrued to the Lord of the Manor.
|
v }
206 The Customs of the Manors of Calstone and Bremhill.
XXXVII. Item: That if two or three does come into the Court, and
they do take of the Lord a Coppy-hold, and every one of them doth
pay part of the fine, then they be takers all three: then none of them
can or may deceive the others by our Custom.
XXXVIIT. Item: That if any man take of the Lord by Coppy of
Court Roule any messuage or tenement for himself and two of his
children, and [? or] one child, and not name the names of them, but
leaveth a space for them it is not good.
XXXIX.—Item: Where any widow doth deal incontinent or unchaste,
that belongs to the Ecclesiastical Court, but our custom has not to do
with it ; but for her living she shall enjoy it by our custom|!
John King George Lewis Junr.
Walter Essington Anthony Greenaway
George Lewis John Wilson
John Brookes Edward Walkham
Richard Stiles John Fry
Richard Jefferys Richard Plummer
[The document has the following note at the end—added, perhaps, by the
steward or some other official of the Manor concerned :—]
“ Jan 11, 1657: Was a former one, but to ye above effect, and same
n° of articles.”
' Tt was usual for the widow of a tenant to enjoy her husband’s holding
so long only as she remained “sole and chaste.” It is interesting to see
that by the custom of this Ecclesiastical Manor the tenants specifically re-
nounced any claim to decide such matters.
207
THE SO-CALLED “KENWARD STONE” AT CHUTE
CAUSEWAY, WILTS.!
By H. St. Grorcr Gray.
Much interest has in the past been shown in the isolated prostrate sarsen-
stone in the parish of Chute, by reason of the fact that its flat face is covered
by irregular wavy markings which had never been definitely pronounced as
natural. It had been a puzzle to some archeologists who noted a close
resemblance of these markings to the carvings upon the uprights of the
dolmens of Carnac.
Some time ago, with the assistance of Dr. W. M. Tapp,? an examination
of this stone was made. ‘The necessary permission having been obtained
from Mr. E. A. Wigan, of Conholt Park, near Andover, we arranged to
carry out this work on April 28th, 29th, and 30th, 1924 ; but, unfortunately,
the weather was very stormy, and on the 30th we had to give up early owing
to heavy rain.®
This stone was brought to the notice of scientists by the Rev. Canon
J. EK. Jackson, F.S.A., in 1883, when he wrote :—
“In the open field a few yards from the causeway on the north side,
overlooking Black Down and Hippingscombe (Hippenscombe), lies a
large flat rude stone, with certain wavy marks upon it (which, however,
may only be the effect of weathering upon the grain of the stone). It
is traditionally called the stone of one Kinward,’ some ancient magnate
who held his Hundred court here in the open air, whence the name of
Kinwardstone to this Hundred ® in the county of Wilts. ©
1 This name would seem to have been invented by the Rev. Canon Jackson ;
there does not appear to be any other authority for its adoption.
2 The Society is indebted to Dr. W. M. Tapp, F.S.A., for the gift of the
_ cost of the blocks illustrating this paper.
3 We arrived at Andover on April 26th (Sat.), and left there on April 30th.
The contractors (Dunning & Manning, of Weyhill,) provided the necessary
labour and tackle. In arranging details of organization we had the ad-
vantage of considerable assistance rendered by Dr. J. P. Williams-Freeman,
of Weyhill, one of the leading antiquaries in the neighbourhood. He visited
the diggings of April 28th, and Mr. and Mrs. Bb. H. Cunnington came over
| from Devizes on April 29th.
4“ Kenwardstone” is also the name of a farm, south-east of Burbage, and
i between that place and Grafton, 54 miles to the north-west of Chute
_ Causeway. [The farm is on a road which was a main thoroughfare east
| and west in Saxon times.—O. G. 8. C.]
5 Wilts Arch. Mag., xix., 261.
6 Wilts Arch. Mag., xxi. (1884), 338—339.
(VOL. Mall.——NO, CXLIT. P
|
|
208 The so-called “ Kenward Stone” at Chute Causeway, Wiits,
Then, very naturally, we turn to a longer account of the stone and its
immediate surroundings in “ Field Archeology as illustrated by Hampshire,”
by Dr. J. P. Williams-Freeman (pp. 108—110), where a photograph of the
stone is given. After describing the stone, its size, etc., he concludes by
recording that :—
‘““T was once puzzling over these markings when a native came up
and asked me if I knew what they were. I confessed my ignorance.
His answer was ‘If you was a doctor you’d know ‘tis the entrails of a
man.’ He also told me how the holes were made when someone tried
to fix ropes to the stone and move it, ‘ but the horses fell down dead,’
a superstition which is also attached to the Rollright stones in Oxford-
shire, and, I believe, to other stones in England.”
Probably there are other local sayings with regard to the stone.
During the excavations a shepherd informed me that the stone was called
the “‘ Devil’s Waistcoat.”
The site! is at the extreme north of the parish of Chute, on Little Down,
close to the north side of “ Chute Causeway,” along which the Roman Road
ran, a détour to the west of the Roman Road from Cirencester to Winchester.’
A little way to the south-west of the stone along the Chute Causeway is a
turning to the south called “ Dummer Lane.”
The nearest large farm, “ Hippenscombe,” is nearly three-quarters of a
mile to the north-east, while the nearest part of Fosbury Camp is nearly
nine furlongs in the same direction. The highest ground on Little Down
is close to the stone, viz., 824ft. above O.D.*
Coming to closer quarters it is seen that this sarsen stone rests in a
scooped-out hollow,’ apparently artificial, at the top of the slope (see Plate II.)
The width of this hollow from brow to brow (east and west) is 55ft. From
the brow on the south (which is only a few yards from the northern margin
of Chute Causeway), there is a drop of 10°5ft. to the bottom of the hollow, —
and from there, extending northwards and beyond the stone, there is a
slight rise of about 2‘5ft., and then the downland gradually falls towards
the north. :
On the north side of this hollow the stone lies prostrate, its upper surface
sloping slightly towards the south-east (see Plate I.). Its dimensions are :—
Max. length, 5ft. 10in.; max. width, 4ft. 2in.; max. thickness, showing ~
above the turf, 1ft. 3in.° Three cuttings were marked out for excavation
10. 8S. Wilts, No. XLIIL., S.W. ; surveyed 1877-78, revised 1899, reprinted
1910.
2 This détour was no doubt made to avoid the Hippenscombe valley and
the considerable rise to the north of it. (W.A.W/, xxxiii., 325-326 ; xxxvlli., _
226; also Meld Archeology, Hampshire, by Dr. Williams-Freeman, 106,
et seq.).
* The bench-mark at the junction of Chute Causeway with ‘‘ Dummer
Lane” is 819°7{t.
* This hollow, like others near by, appears to have been scooped out to
obtain material for the causeway.
° As Dr. Thomas’ report follows, there will be no need for me to give any |
further description of the stone. |
photograph by Mrs. Keiller). | ——
The so-called “ Kenwardstone,” at Chute Causeway (from
_
“‘AVMOSNVD 9FNYO 7e ,‘euojspIeMUEY, ,, peteo-os eq} Jo uoTyeAvoxT
By H, St. George Gray. 209
oe
J) 5 10 20 30
|=SSS= 538 = 6 Ss eS H.ST.C.G.
SCALE OF FEET. Ee DEL.
(see Plan and Plate II.), namely, Cutting I., along the length of the hollow;
Cutting IT., to the north-east of the stone; and Cutting III., round the
north, east, and west sides of the stone.
Cutting I. took a N.N.E. and 8.8.W. direction, and measured 37+ft. in
length and 4ft. wide. The material was dug out down to the solid chalk,
which was reached at a depth of barely 1ft. At 10ft. from the south end
the vertical measurement of the material removed was :—
Turf and turf mould _... aoe sos ... 0°6 foot
Nodules of flint (loosely packed, but in places-mixed
with a little mould and fine chalk, and in some
patches with light brownish clay) ee ... 29 feet
Total depth to solid chalk ... ae eS 3°5 feet
Some of the nodules of flint were of large size, the longest measuring 18in.!
Cutting II., marked out as 9ft. north and south by 8ft. east and west,
was not completed owing to bad weather ; in fact it was excavated only to
a depth of 1ft. Nodules of flint were plentiful, but no relics were found.
Cutting III. was originally marked out to be 134ft. east and west, by 8ft.
north and south, but, owing to the weight of the stone, which had to be
propped at the west end during the excavations, the east end of this area
was left untouched, as shown in the little plan. No objects were found
except a Victorian halfpenny (1862), uncovered at “A,” about 6in. below
the surface, Thestone on the north and west was found to be approximately
2f{t. thick. The underside, where it could be examined, was very irregular
in places and grooves were noticed in various directions.
On the north and west margins of the cutting, level solid chalk was reached
at a depth of 1°25ft. below the surface. Within this was another “level ”
of solid chalk at 3°5ft. below the surface. In the middle of the excavation
under the west half of the stone we dug to a depth of 5ft. below the highest
part of the stone, and met with much mixed rubble, flints (not very large),
1 It is probable that these nodules of flint had been thrown in casually or
by ploughmen cultivating the hill. As Dr. Williams-Freeman reminded
us, farmers often pick the big flints off their land and throw them into a
convenient place.
Pp 2
210 The so-called “ Kenward Stone” at Chute Causeway, Wilts.
mould, and lumps of chalk. The use of a crowbar showed us that the hole
in the chalk extended at least 3ft. deeper in the middle of the excavation,
but we dared not extend the digging further with the tackle at our disposal,
lest the stone should heel over towards the west.
~The hollow in the surrounding chalk probably had no connection with
the placing of the sarsen in this position ; but represented one of the many
excavations made along and near the line of Chute Causeway to provide
chalk for its formation. It might be contended that the hollow is not as
near the causeway as it might have been, but the chalk on the actual line
of the causeway in this part and the land to the south of it is covered by
clay with flints, and the chalk does not crop out on the north side until the
hollow is reached.!
After the excavations—in fact in August, 1924—I received an important
letter from the Rev. G. H. Engleheart, F.S.A., of Little Clarendon, Dinton,
from which the following extracts are taken :—
“T hear that you dug under that big stone by the side of Chute
Causeway. If I had known in time I could have saved you the trouble.
Some thirty-five years ago one or two of the oldest inhabitants of Chute
village told me that the stone had been carted to where it lies from a
field on one of the farms where there were other big stones with it, some
of which were buried to be out of the way. I saw no reason to dis-
believe this, but did not trouble to verify it by sounding for the buried
stones, because at that time I was more especially interested in Romano-
British matter of that district. I cannot find any note or remember
the name of the farm or field where the stones possibly existed as a
dolmen, and I do not suppose any accurate memory survives in Chute.”
This record seems to explain the present resting-place of this much-
discussed stone. Its markings are undoubtedly natural, and Dr. Thomas's
report, which follows, is quite convincing on this point.
APPENDIX ON THE “KENWARD STONE.”
By Hersert H. THomas, M.A., Sc.D.,
Petrographer to H.M. Geological Survey.
The “Kenward or Kinward Stone,” first called attention to by Canon
Jackson,? presents the somewhat unusual character of having in relief upon
its surface a series of undulose and sigmoidal ridges. These ridges occur
in more or less parallel or concentric groups, and maintain a constant width
1 The land south of the road would have been covered with wood and the
causeway constructed on the edge of it.
2Wilts Arch. Mag., xxi. (1884), 338.
By H, St. George Gray. 211
over a considerable portion of their course. They almost completely cover
the surface of the stone excepting a narrow marginal portion on the southern
and western sides, which is raised about two inches above the rest of the
slab.
The stone itself is a normal “sarsen,” similar to those commonly en-
countered on the chalk districts of Wiltshire and Hampshire, that is to say,
it is a silicified sandstone and a relic of a Tertiary deposit that once spread
over the district, but of which all continuity has been destroyed. This
Tertiary deposit was for the most part soft and easily removed, and all
traces would have been lost had not certain portions of the loose sands and
friable sandstones become indurated, before the period of denudation, by the
infiltration of silica and the cementation of the component sand-grains into
compact and relatively hard masses (sandstone and quartzite). These hard
masses, however, were local in their distribution and unequal in their dura-
bility, in fact the study of any block of sarsen will prove that even in small
masses the degree to which cementation of the grains has taken place varies
considerably, a feature that finds expression in the rapid weathering and
disintegration of certain portions of the stone as compared with other parts.
The “Kenward Stone” is a pale cream to white siliceous sandstone
composed almost entirely of quartz-grains of about a third of a millimetre
in diameter set in a purely siliceous matrix.
It is, however, mainly with the nature and mode of origin of the curious
superficial markings that I am concerned. Canon Jackson, in the paper
already cited, describes the Kenward Stone as “a large flat rude stone with
certain wavy marks upon it,” which, he goes on to say, “ may only be the
effect of weathering upon the grain of the stone.” Although the ridges and
markings cannot be said to follow any definite figure they have a vague
resemblance to certain megalithic carvings (e.g., Gavrinis, Morbihan), and
no very definite pronouncement as to whether they are natural or artificial
appears to have been made.
With the object of helping to decide this point,I visited the district on
July 28rd, 1924, with Dr. Tapp, and made with him a careful inspection of
the stone. There are characters presented by the markings that definitely
preclude any ,but a natural origin, and further, it appears that the ridges
result from the differential weathering or solution of a rock that has been
subjected to varying degrees of silification.
It was noticed that small circular depressions are surrounded in each case
by a raised and certainly natural ring of more indurated material; and,
near the north-western margin of the stone, a natural hole some inches in
depth, and well shown in the photograph, not only has a surround but a
lining of the same indurated character. There can be no reason to dissociate
such features from the other markings on the stone, and thus the whole
- must be regarded as natural.
With reference to the formation of the ridges and the pseudo-geometrical
_ pattern assumed by them, it may be well to observe that in all processes of the
penetration of a porous or colloidal medium by a mineralizing or pigmenting
solution the deposition of mineral matter or the segregation of pigment
| frequently takes place in roughly parallel and equidistant bands like a
i
212 The so-called “ Kenward Stone” at Chute Causeway, Wilts.
succession of waves. We meet with such structures quite commonly in
ferruginated sands and clays and in silicified sands and sandstones of all
geological ages. In simple cases such bands are referable to single and
isolated centres, but more often the structures are more complex.
In the case in point, this stone may be regarded as an example of a rock
indurated by percolating siliceous solutions that have carried out their
mineralization in the manner indicated above. The somewhat regular
variation in compactness and durability which resulted from this process
has been subsequently developed by weathering, the less mineralized
portions of the rock having been eaten into hollows and the more mineral-
ized parts left standing out as crests and protuberances.
|
|
|
213
THE SEVENTY-SECOND GENERAL MEETING
OF
THE WILTSHIRE ARCHAOLOGICAL AND NATURAL
HISTORY SOCIETY,
HELD AT CIRENCESTER;
August 6th, 7th, and Sth, 1925,
President of the Society :—
W. Hewarp BELL, F.G.S., F.S.A.
THURSDAY, AUGUST 6th.
The annual business meeting, at which forty-four members were present,
was held, the President of the Society in the chair, at the Bingham Library,
at 1.45, when Mr. Edward C. Sewell, as High Steward of the Manor, on
behalf of Earl Bathurst and the inhabitants of Cirencester, offered to the
Wiltshire Society a hearty welcome to the town. After a few words of
acknowledgment from the President, the Hon. Secretary was called on to
to read the
REPORT FOR 1924—25.,
Members.—In last year’s report the number of members was stated to be
13 life members, 441 annual subscribers, and one honorary member, 455 in
all. Since then five members have died, and 34 have formally resigned,
whilst 45 members have joined the Society, leaving on the books of the
Society at the present moment, including those to be elected at the annual
meeting, 14 life and 441 annual subscribers, a total, with the one honorary
member, of 456. It is difficult, however, to say what the exact number of
effective members at the present moment is, as there are 13 members whose
subscriptions are one year or more in arrear. Some of these will, no doubt,
when their attention is called to the matter, pay up their arrears, but it
would save the officers of the Society a great amount of trouble and time
if all members would regularly pay their subscriptions at the beginning of
the year, or take the trouble to send the secretary a postcard saying that
they wish to resign. All that can be said definitely as to the number at
present time is that it is still above 435, which, in view of the raising of the
amount of the annual subscription this year to 15s. 6d., may be considered
very satisfactory.
Finance.—The financial condition of the Society on the 31st December,
1924, was fairly good. Excluding the Register of Simon of Ghent, and the
Bradford Barn accounts, both of which are concerned with special objects
only, the other accounts of the Society showed a balance on January Ist,
1924, of £398 18s. 7d., and at the end of the year a balance of £310 12s. 6d.,
which, allowing for the £124 paid for the new room added to the Library,
1 The best account of the Cirencester Meeting is given in the Wilts and
Gloucestershire Standard, Aug. 8th and 15th, 1925.
214 The Seventy-second General Meeting.
is not unsatisfactory. It has to be noted, however, that the balance on the
General Fund sank from £75 14s. 4d. to £36 12s. 5d., and it is more
especially to relieve and increase this fund that the raising of the annual
subscription from 10s. 6d. to 15s. 6d., decided on at the last annual meeting,
became necessary. The balance on the Museum Enlargement Fund sank
from £90 Os. 4d. to £5 7s., having been expended on the new Library room,
and that of the Museum Purchase Fund from £98 6s. 6d. to £91 ls. 5d.,
whilst the Museum Maintenance Fund balance increased from £56 10s. 4d.
to £89. The precise effect of the increased subscription, however, cannot
be judged until the end of the present year.
The Magazine —Two numbers as usual were issued during 1924, Nos.
140 and 141, completing Vol. 42. These two numbers contained 278 pages,
and the last had a very full index to the contents of the volume. The
Society has to thank Captain Cunnington for the gift of the plates
illustrating his paper on the Blue Stone from Boles Barrow. The cost of
the two numbers was £256 14s. 3d.
The Museum.—A number of important additions have been made to the
Society’s collections since the last report. We are again indebted to Dr.
R. C. C. Clay for a large number of valuable objects, including the whole
of the finds during the excavation of Early Iron Age pits on Swallowcliffe
Down, and of a Saxon Cemetery at Broadchalke, as well as a very large
cinerary urn from a barrow at Ebbesbourne Wake. ‘These considerable
additions have necessitated the provision of a large new case to contain
them, paid for by the Museum Maintenance Fund. The Rev. H. G. O.
Kendall handed over to the Museum the whole of the objects found during
his partial excavation of the ditch on Windmill Hill, Avebury, and we have
also to thank Capt. and Mrs. Cunnington for the objects found during their
excavations at Figsbury Rings, as well as a bronze arrow head (a very rare
find) from Enford, and a fine drinking cup from Lockeridge, and Mr. Percy
Farrer, on behalf of the military authorities, has also given a cinerary urn
and several other objects found on Salisbury Plain.
The Library.—The most notable additions during the year have been a
number of old maps of the Wilton Estate given by Lord Pembroke, through
the kind offices of Mr. O. G.S. Crawford, and the whole of his MS. Not2s
on Wiltshire Genealogy left to the Society by the late Mr. John Sadler.
These, written on loose sheets of foolscap, form an immense collection of
abstracts of Wiltshire wills, pedigrees, etc., which have now been arranged
under parishes, and are being bound up in folio volumes, so as to be readily
available for consultation. The Society, as usual, has to thank many
Wiltshire authors for copies of books or articles, among which may be
mentioned Mr..Brakspear’s “ History of Corsham Church” and Captain
Cunnington’s “Some Annals of the Borough of Devizes.” The Municipal
Records of Devizes from 1553 onwards have been taken charge of temporarily
by the Society and placed in the Library.
Kacavations.—Col. Hawley has carried on the excavations at Stonehenge,
which continue to provide fresh surprises and puzzles for the archzologist.
Dr. R. C. C. Clay has been conducting further diggings in his neighbourhood
in earthworks and barrows, the results of which will appear later in the
The Seventy-second General Meeting. 215
Magazine. At Windmill Hill, Avebury, extensive excavations, continuing
the work which the Rev. H. G. O.Kendall began, have this year been carried
out by Mr. Alexander Keiller, who has purchased practically the whole of
the hill with the object of a thorough examination of this important site,
The work is being conducted under the superintendence of Mr. H. St. G.
Gray, and will probably take several years to complete. It seems likely to
throw altogether new light on the hitherto little known subject of Neolithic
settlements and defences. It isa cause of much satisfaction to archeologists
that Mr. Keiller should have taken up this important work so thoroughly.
In the spring of this year (1925) Lord Kerry began experimental diggings
on the site of a Roman dwelling near the George Inn, at Sandy Lane, and
found enough to justify further excavations, which it is understood will be
shortly carried out.
The report having been read and adopted, and eleven new members
elected, the Rev. HE. H. Goddard brought before the meeting the request of
the committee that they might be authorised to dispose of certain objects
in the Society’s Museum and Library. These comprised, first, two perfor-
ated Stone Hammers which had been bought with the Brooke collection,
but came from Ramsgate and had no connection with Wiltshire. Secondly,
a small collection of bronze prehistoric objects, of the provenance of which
nothing was known, except that they came to the Society many years ago
from Stourhead, and are apparently none of them of British, but probably
of Scandinavian, origin. Thirdly, certain old books and periodicals which
are neither connected with the county, or the works of Wiltshire men, or
useful for general reference. It was explained that the committee had
decided to dispose of all these objects and books, but by the rules nothing
in the museum can be disposed of without the leave of the general meeting
of the Society. Leave was accordingly given by the meeting, and it was
stated that the two Stone Hammers would go back to their own county,
the Maidstone Museum having offered £2 for them, whilst the continental
bronze antiquities would be sold in London, the money in both cases going
to the Museum Fund for the purchase of Wiltshire objects. A further
matter of the same kind was then discussed at considerable Jength. ‘The
- Museum possesses by the gift of the relatives of the Rev. Charles Lucas, of
Devizes, a miniature of King Charles I. painted on copper in a gold locket
_ case,! which was given by James II. to the Rev. Dr. Massey. It was felt by
| the curator and the committee that this valuable Stuart relic, if it continues
to be exhibited at Devizes, runs a certain risk of being stolen, either for
_ the sake of its gold case, or owing to its value as a relic. The committee
| had come to no definite decision as to what should be done in the matter,
| but referred it to the decision of the general meeting. ‘Three courses were
possible. It might be kept in Devizes as heretofore, it might be placed on
| permanent loan at one of the national museums, or it might be sold, no
| doubt for a considerable sum. Various opinions were expressed by mem-
| bers present, but the general feeling appeared to be that it ought not to be
| Sold, and it was decided to refer the matter back for further consideration
' See Ceialooue of Antiquities in the Museum, Pant IT., M. 18, p. 122
|
|
|
|
216 The Seventy-second General Meeting.
to the committee, with power to keep it in Devizes, insuring it against loss
by theft, or to deposit it in one of the national museums. The next
business was a proposal by the hon. curator (Capt. B. H. Cunnington) that
in future a fee should be charged for photographs or copies taken of any
objects in the Museum or library. He explained that there was an in-
creasing demand for copies, especially of views in the Buckler Collection,
which gave much trouble and took up much of the curator’s time, and that
as this collection had cost the Society a large sum of money, it was only
reasonable that those who wished for copies of the views should pay a fee
to the Museum for the privilege. The following resolution was then carried
unanimously :—“ That in future any person wishing to copy or photograph
any object in the Museum, or any portrait, drawing, print, or picture be-
longing to the Society, shall, if a member, pay a fee of five shillings for
each copy, or if a non-member, a fee of ten shillings. But the hon. secretary
and the hon. curator shall have power to vary the amount of the fee in any
case where it seems to them expedient. And further it is provided that in
no case shall such photographs or copies be for sale, except in cases where
the committee think fit to have picture postcards made of objects in
the Museum.” Canon Knubley then moved that the resolution of the
committee that a cordial invitation be extended to the South-Western
Naturalists’ Union to hold their annual Whitsuntide meeting next year at
Devizes, be confirmed. This was unanimously agreed to, and Canon Knubley
was empowered to convey the invitation to the authorities concerned, and
Capt. Cunnington promised to do all he could to make the meeting a success.
The officers of the Society were then re-elected en bloc, and the business
being ended, members placed themselves under the guidance of Mr. St.
Clair Baddeley and proceeded to visit the Roman pavement at the Barton,
and the splendid Roman capital in the Abbey grounds. Unfortunately,
owing to the business meeting having taken longer than had been expected,
there was no opportunity for the greater number of the members to visit
the Cripps Mead Museum of Roman Antiquities which had been most
kindly thrown open by Mrs. Wilfrid Cripps, and on leaving the Abbey
grounds it was time to make for the Bingham Library, where Mrs.
Christopher Bowly most hospitably provided tea for the members.
After tea the Parish Church was visited, still under the guidance of Mr.
Baddeley, and the Corinium Museum, with its remarkable collection of
Roman objects found in Cirencester, from the two fine pavements and
and tombstones downwards, was open until dinner time, and the Curator,
Mr. E. C. Sewell, was present to show and explain the most interesting
things to the visitors. One object not less interesting in its way than the
contents of the museum, is the extraordinary Horse Chestnut tree growing
just behind the museum, of which the branches have come down and rooted
in the ground until a perfect forest of young trees has grown up around the
parent trunk. After dinner, at the King’s Head Hotel, which was the head-
quarters of the meeting, members adjourned again to the Bingham Library,
where Mr. W. St. Clair Baddeley gave an address! on “ Episodes of
an
1See Wilts and Gloucester Standard, Aug. 8th, 1925,
The Seventy-second General Meeting. 217
Cirencester History” toa large audience. Mr. Baddeley is well known as
a “born lecturer,” and in the Cotswold country he is peculiarly on his own
ground. He dwelt first of all on the way in which the history of the place
had been affected by the River Churn, which originally flowed through the
centre of the space enclosed within the vallum and ditch of the Dobuni and
from time to time flooded the lower portion of that enclosed space, known
in medieval and later days as “ Watermoor.” When the Romans settled
there and made Corinium one of the most important towns in the whole of
Britain, they diverted the greater portion of the River Churn into the old
fosse of pre-Roman times, outside the enclosure of the defences, and made
it flow round the town, instead of through it, thus at once adding to the
strength of its defences and preventing the flooding of Watermoor, which
was built over in Roman times, as is proved by the fact that the most
sumptuous pavements have been found in this district. With the departure
of the Romans, the water system became neglected, the Churn resumed its
old course, Watermoor was again flooded, and ceased to be inhabited right
through the medieval period down to recent days.’ Cirencester (Churn
Chester) shrunk to half its Roman size and in Saxon days was outstripped
by the lesser towns of Bath and Gloucester, and being ruled by the Abbot,
never even got as far as incorporation asa borough. Mr. Baddeley next
dealt with the episodes of the beheading of the Earls of Kent and Salisbury
and Sir Ralph de Lumley by the townspeople in the Market Place, and the
division of their goods amongst the men of Cirencester under Henry I[V.,
and finished by some account of the recent discovery of the foundations of
a Roman building near Chedworth Villa, which the members were to see
next day.
FRIDAY, AUGUST 7ru.
Two motor coaches and a long string of some twenty-eight private cars
left the Market Place punctually at 9.15 for the day’s excursion, and by the
kindness of the Hon. Mrs. Vestey, of Stowell Park, were allowed to reach
the Roman Villa at Chedworth by way of the private drive, which not only
cuts off a long detour and an awkward hill, but leads by a most delightful
way at the foot of the beautifully-wooded slope, covered with luxuriant
bracken, and in the opener parts with great masses of rosebay and ragwort
in full flower,with the infant stream of the Colne flowing through the meadow
on the other side of the road. Before reaching the villa the party stopped
and were led by Mr. Baddeley through bracken as high as their heads to a
spot at a little distance from the road, where the Roman foundations, of
large squared stones, of what was evidently a considerable building, have
recently been uncovered. Mr. Baddeley believes that it was a temple
dedicated to the river god of the upper reaches of the Colne. A short
distance further brought the party to the well-known Chedworth Villa, one
of the best-preserved and most complete examples of a house of its kind in
England. It had quite recently been purchased by subscription and handed
over to the National Trust, so that its future is safely provided for. It was
announced, too, that the whole of the purchase money had just been com-
pleted. The assembly was too large for everyone to get into the various
218 The Seventy-second General Meeting.
rooms at the same time, but by dividing up into different sections most of
the members were able to hear Mr. Baddeley’s masterly exposition of the
details of the building. His view is that the villa was more probably the
dwelling and business premises not of a great landed proprietor, but of a
prosperous tradesman who here carried on the manufacture and dyeing of
cloth, a conclusion to which certain features of the long north wing, as well
as the fact that a stratum of excellent Fullers’-earth crops out close by, seem to
point. Althoughan hour and a half had been allotted to Ched worth, the time
proved none too long and the members were torn away from this delightful
spot only with difficulty. But for all that they were walking up the church-
yard path at Northleach as the Church clock was striking 12,the time specified
by the programme for their arrival. Here they were met by the Bishop of
Kensington, who was in temporary charge, and by the Rev. Canon R. C. 8.
Jones, Vicar of Fairford, who had kindly come over specially to act as guide
to the Church, an office which he filled most admirably. To those who had
not seen Northleach Church before, it came almost as a revelation, at least as
far as the exterior is concerned, of what a wholly 15th century Church can be
at its best. For intrinsic beauty, indeed, and the extraordinary state of
preservation of its stonework, it is probably surpassed by few, if any, of
the parish Churches of the same period in England. After lunch at the
Wheatsheaf Hotel, members left for Burford at 2 o’clock, arriving at the
Church at 2.45. Here the Vicar, the Rev. W. C. Emeris, spoke on the
history of the Church and its most complicated and unusual ground-plan,
and then dividing the company into two sections, took one section round
the building himself, whilst Mr. Gretton, author of a work on Burford,
most kindly led the rest of the party round the opposite way, so that every-
body was able 'to see for themselves and hear the explanation of the many
points of interest in this grand and most unusual Church. Leaving Burford
at 3.45 the Swan Hotel, at Bibury, was reached rather before the scheduled
hour, which allowed a pleasant interval for loitering, on a beautiful evening,
by the side of the delightful River Coln, before tea was ready. After tea
a short walk took members back to the Church, where the Rev. E. H.
Goddard pointed out the chief features of the building, the Saxon strip
pilasters, and the curious circular double splayed window exactly resembling
the circular clerestory Saxon windows at Avebury. From this point half
an hour’s drive brought members back to Cirencester at 6.0 p.m. At8.15
Mr. W. Iveson Croome gave an address at the Bingham Library on “ Cotswold
Churches.”! He interpreted this title liberally and gave an extremely
suggestive sketch of the general history and gradual changes in Church
architecture from Saxon times to the Reformation, pointing out that the
successive styles were not merely marks of changing fashions, but that
they really reflected the changing circumstances and ideals of the times,
and so were correlated with the economic and social as well as with the eccles-
jastical history of the country. He ended by impressing upon his audience .
that it was a part of the duty of members of societies such as our own to do
what they can towards popularising a knowledge and appreciation of Church
———e
1 Printed in fullin Wilts and Gloucestershire Standard, Aug. 15th, 1925.
The Seventy-second General Meeting. 219
architecture and of the value of the buildings as records of the past history
of their country. He also took occasion to explain the need for, and the
working of, the recently instituted Advisory Church Committees, and urged
that they should be recognised as a help by all those concerned in any way
with the upkeep or the adornment of our parish Churches. It was an
address couched in the simplest language, that nobody could help listening
to, but for all that contained much that was well worth thinking about,
and the applause that greeted its conclusion showed how the audience had
appreciated it. Mr. Goddard, while expressing his appreciation, ventured
to suggest that the writer might some day give us a book somewhat on the
lines of his address, dealing with the causes and the real meaning of the
gradual evolution of the architectural styles.
SATURDAY, AUGUST 8ru.
At 9.30 the motor coaches and cars left for Daglingworth Church, where
Mr. Baddeley acted as guide, dwelling especially on the Saxon sundial over
the south door, and the Saxon sculptures found in the jambs of the chancel
arch. Leaving at 10.15 (it was not easy to get the members away from the
Saxon work here) the next stop was at Duntesbourne Rous Church, a tiny
little building in a secluded valley off the high road, remarkable for its
quaint interior and the: curious crypt chapel at the east end, of Norman
date, rendered necessary by the steep slope of the site. Here, too, Mr.
Baddeley again acted as guide. Leaving at 11.15, the long string of motors
having turned in a field opposite the Church, made their way to Elkstone
Church, where they were received by the Rector, the Rev. T.S. Tonkinson,
who told the history of the building, and pointed out the features of this,
most interesting Church, which claims to possess the finest 12th century
Norman work in all the Cotswolds. The south porch and door, the chancel
arch, and the east window with the rebate for a shutter in its splayed jamb, .
are samples of the richest work of the period, and the chamber over the
vaulted chancel, fitted up as a pigeon loft, is a curious and very unusual
feature. Leaving Elkstone at 12.15, half-an-hour’s drive brought the party
to the George Hotel, at Birdlip, and to an excellent lunch, at the end of
which Canon Knubley,in the absence of the President, took the opportunity
of thanking first, Mr. W. St. Clair Baddeley for his most illuminating
addresses, both at the first evening meeting, and at Cirencester, Chedworth,
and the two Churches that morning, and secondly, Capt. B. H. Cunnington,
the meeting secretary, to whose power of organization, and the infinite
trouble he had taken to provide for every detail beforehand, was due the
success of the arrangements, and the smoothness with which everything
had been carried out according to the scheduled plan. After lunch
_ sufficient time was allowed for members to enjoy the unique view from the
_ hotel garden, from which the escarpment falls away precipitously to the
| plain of Gloucester lying spread out like a map below, with the Roman
| road running across it to the city as straight as if it had been marked out
| with a ruler. Not many views in the south of England can equal this,
either in extent or in beauty, and to those who did not know Birdlip before,
: | it came as a revelation of what the Cotswolds have to offer. Leaving at 2
||
|
|
2 |
|
220 The Seventy-second General Meeting.
o'clock, the party reached Rendcombe Church at 2.45, where for the last
time Mr. Baddeley spoke on the history of the place and the Church. This
has features of interest of its own though it can hardly compare with the
other Churches seen during the meeting. Mr. Baddeley having to leave to
catch the train the Rev. E. H. Goddard took his place and said what more
required to be said as to the points of interest in the building. Leaving
Rendcombe at 3.30 a twenty minutes’ pleasant run brought members to
North Cerney, where tea was laid out in the spacious and well-appointed
Parish Hall, after which the Church was visited under the guidance of the
Rector, the Rev. E. W. M. O. de la Hey, Mr. W. Iveson Croome also being
present to help in showing the visitors round. Here the Church itself
possesses several points of great interest, notably the Norman doorway, the
beautiful 15th century stone pulpit, the original 15th century glass of the
two windows in the north transept, the passage from the chancel to the
south transept, and the two very curious figures of the ‘“ Manticore”!
engraved on the outside walls of the Church, but even without these the
sumptuous and beautiful furnishings of the Church would make it notable
amongst country parish Churches. ‘The great brass candelabra in the nave
(which is said to have come “from a Wiltshire Church,” but from what
particular one is not known), the 14th century French processional cross of
brass, the fine brass eagle lectern of medieval Flemish work, with its
iron base which is said to be Spanish, old candlesticks, wooden statues, &c.,
&c., are all of them of quite unusual character, and all of them are used
with admirable effect in the adornment of the Church.
This was the last item on the programme; the cars proceeded back to
Cirencester, members picked up their luggage and departed to their homes,
highly pleased (so everyone said) with the excellent fare set before them at
the Cirencester meeting. It is true there was nothing prehistoric in the
programme, but the Roman remains were of the first class, and so was the
- Church architecture. There can, indeed, be few districts in England that
could supply the equivalent of the Churches of Cirencester, Northleach,
Burford, Daglingworth, Elkstone, and North Cerney, set in such charming
scenery as the valleys of the Cotswolds offer. Altogether the meeting was
a great success ; 126 members and friends took some part in the proceedings,
The weather was very kind, and the only shower was a short one on the
first afternoon, the programme went without a hitch, time was excellently
kept, and after paying all the expenses a balance of £22 8s. 7d. remained.
1 The Manticore was a fabulous beast of Ethiopia, having the head of a
man and the body of a lion, and living principally on human flesh.
221
WILTS OBITUARY.
Charles Edward Hungerford Atholl Colston, 1st
Baron Roundway of Devizes, died June 17th, 1925, aged 71.
Buried in Devizes Cemetery. Born May 16th, 1854, s. of Edward Colston, of
Roundway Park. Educated at Eton and Christchurch, Oxford. B.A. 1876.
Conservative M.P.for the Thornbury Division of Gloucestershire 1892—1906.
Raised to the Peerage 1916. Entered the Volunteers as a cadet at Eton, which
school he represented at Wimbledon, became Captain in 5th Wilts Volunteer
Corps 1873, and Hon. Col. of the 2nd Volunteer Battalion Wilts Regt., 1882,
until it was transformed into the Territorial force. This, as the 4th Battalion
Wilts Regt. he continued to command until 1909. He was Vice-Chairman of
the Territorial Force County Association, and was instrumental in raising the
National Reserve Force in East Wilts. During the War he was Remount
Officer for the district and Colonel of the Wiltshire Volunteer Battalion.
J.P. for Wilts, 1877; D.L., and High Sheriff in 1885. Chairman of the 2nd
Court of Quarter Sessions for many years, and elected Chairman of the Ist
Court, 1923. A member of the County Council from its beginning in 1888
until 1925, he was Chairman of the Roads and Bridges Committee, a position
entailing a great amount of work. Until his illness three years ago he was
one of the foremost men in the public affairs of Wiltshire. Since then he
has been an invalid. At the meets of the Four-in-Hand and Coaching Clubs
his team of black-browns was famous, and in theInternational Horse Shows
at Olympia he won the cup in the Park Teams ‘“‘ Appointments” class in
the whole of the series of eight shows, until the War put an end to coaching,
and as Remount Officer he bought his own horses, worth perhaps thousands
of pounds for their own special purpose, at £60 apiece for the Government.
At one time he kept a pack of harriers at Roundway. He was for twenty
years churchwarden of Southbroom. He married, 1879, Rosalind Emma,
d. of Col. Gostling Murray, of Whitton Park, Hounslow. He leaves one
son, Col. the Hon. Edward Murray Colston, C.M.G., D.S.O., M.V.O.,
Grenadier Guards, who succeeds to the title.
Long and appreciative obit. notice, with some account of the descent of
the family from Mary, sister of Edward Colston, the Bristol philanthropist,
and wife (1670) of Sir William Hayman, Wiltshire Gazetie, June 18th and
25th, 1925. Shorter notice, Waltshire Times, June 20th.
Canon Douglas Macleane, died Aug., 1925. Buried at
Codford St. Peter. Son of Rev. Arthur Macleane, first Principal of Brighton
College. Educated at Christ’s Hospital and Pembroke Coll., Oxford. B.A.
1879, M.A. 1882. Deacon 1879, Priest 1880 (Worcester). Curate of Gt.
Witley, 1879—82; Domestic Chaplain to Earl of Craven and Chaplain and
Lecturer of Pembroke College, 1882—84; Fellow of Pembroke College,
1882—92; Rector of Codford St. Peter, 1884—1915; Vicar of Branksome,
1915—22, when he resigned and came to live in Salisbury Close. Examining
Chaplain to the Bp. of Moray, 1904; Proctor in Convocation for Diocese
of Salisbury, 1906 until his death ; Warden of the Society of Sacred Study
222 Wilts Obituary.
in Salisbury Diocese, 1907. Canon and Preb. of Salisbury, 1910 until his
death. He took a prominent part in the discussions of the Diocesan
Synod, as well as in Convocation, and was well known as an accomplished
scholar and an authority on theological, historical, and liturgical matters.
The Church Times, quoted by the Wiltshire Gazette, Sept. 10th, 1925, says
of him:—“ In particular his knowledge of the history of the late sixteenth
and seventeenth centuries was profound. He had an unstinted admiration
for Lancelot Andrewes, of whom he wrote a masterly little Life, and for the
work of the great Caroline divines in maintaining against fierce opposition
the Catholic character of the English Church. That admiration was, per-
haps, aroused in the first place, it was certainly coloured, by his touching
fidelity to the memory of the Stuarts.”
Obit. notice, Waltshire Gazette, Sept. 3rd, 1925.
An appreciation in the Morning Post is also quoted in the Wiltshire
Gazette, Sept. 10th, 1925.
He was the author of the following works :—
The Coat without Seam torn. 1889.
The Heavenly Citizenship of Infants. 1891.
A History of Pembroke College, Oxford, anciently Broad Gates
Hall, in which are incorporated Short Historical Notices of
the more eminent members of this House. Printed for the
Oxford Historical Society at the Clarendon Press, 1897. 8vo,
pp. xvi. + 544. Four plates. Price 1/1/0. [Reviewed Wilts V. & Q.,
II, 441—446. Guardian, Aug. 18th, 1897. ]
Imago Regia. The Churchman’s religious remembrance of the
two hundred and fiftieth anniversary of the Decollation of
King Charles the First, January the Thirtieth, 1649—1899.
Pamphlet, 7in. X 4$in., pp. 35.
Pembroke College, Oxford. F. C. Robinson & Co., 1900. One of
the series of “ College Histories,” an abridgment of the larger “ History.”
Price 5s. [Reviewed Spectator, Feb. 24th, 1900.] .
Via Salutis. 1902.
The Great Solemnity of the Coronation. F.C. Robinson & Co.,
London, 1902. ;
The Bishop of Salisbury and his See, with some Sketches of
Wordsworth Family. The Treasury, Oct., 1905, Vol. VI., pp. 1—7.
The Excavation of Shaftesbury Abbey. The Guardian, Oct. 11th,
1905.
Clarendon the Historian. Article in Memorials of Old Wiltshire.
1906, pp. 167—179. -
Reason, Thought, and Language, or the Many and the One.
A Revised System of Logical Doctrine in relation to the
Forms of Idiomatic Discourse. London. Hen. Frowde. 1906.
8vo, pp. Xvl. + 583. 15s.
Our Island Church. Sketches from the History of English
Church and State. London. Geo. Allen & Sons. 1909, pp.
250. Price 2s. 6d.
Lancelot Andrews and the Reaction. A Biography of the
Wilts Obituary. 223
Greatest English Divine of the Seventeenth Century. 1910.
Cr. 8vo. 3s. 6d. i
The Great Solemnity of the Coronation of a King and Queen,
according to the use of the Church of England, with Notes,
&c. London. Geo. Allen & Co, 1911. Cr. 8vo., cloth. 5s.
Famous Sermons by English Preachers, with Introductory
Notes. London. Sir Isaac Pitman & Sons. 1911. 6s. [Sermons
by twenty preachers. |
New Stones of Venice. Article in Guardian, May 3rd, 1912. [The
inauguration of the new Campanile. |
The Athanasian Creed. London. Sir Isaac Pitman & Sons.
1914. Qs. 6d.
The Character of Bishop Burnet. Sermon preached in Salisbury
Cathedral at the Commemoration Service, Nov. 2nd, 1915. Salisbury
Journal, Nov. 6th, 1915.
Oliver Cromwell’s Wild Oats. Neneteenth Century, Oct., 1919, pp. 688
— 696.
Literary Form. Is it now Possible? Nineteenth Century, May,
1920, pp. 826—836.
Equality and Fraternity. Oxford. Geo. Allen & Unwin. 1924,
pp. 352. 7s. 6d.
For a long period he wrote leading articles in the Church Times, and for
years supplied “an admirable descriptive summary ” of the discussions
on Prayer Book Revision and other subjects in Convocation. He was
the Co-Editor of The Statutes of Sarum Cathedral, 1915.
William Francis Smith, died April 7th, 1925,aged 55. Buried
at St. Mary’s, Slough. Born April 13th, 1869, educated at Southport and
St. Mark’s Training College, Chelsea. B.A. London University. After
teaching in London Schools he became assistant master at Alleyn’s School,
| Dulwich College, and later Headmaster of Calne Secondary School for
eleven years. Hetook a prominent part in the life of the town, was
President of the Chamber of Commerce and twice Mayor, played chess for
Wilts in the county championship, and was History Lecturer to the Wilts
County Council. In 1912, on the opening of the Slough Secondary School,
he became the first Headmaster, and during his period of office the numbers
rose from fifty-three to three hundred and twenty pupils, and the size of the
buildings was doubled. During the War he carried on the work with a much
depleted staff, was Inspector in the Slough Special Constabulary, Captain in
the Volunteers, and officer commanding the school cadet corps. In 1920 his
health broke down under the strain, and though he partially recovered, his
death was due largely to this.
| Obit. notice, Wiltshire Times, April 11th, 1925.
| He was the author of :—
Short Stories in The Argosy, over the signature W. Francis.
|A School History of Wiltshire. Calne. R. S. Heath, 1907.
| Cloth, 73in. x 42in., pp. xii. + 160. Two maps and 55 illustrations.
The Place of Wiltshire in the National History, [Four Lectures
| VOL. XLIII.—NO. CXLII. Q
224 Wilts Obituary.
at the Bishop’s School, Salisbury, printed in Salisbury Journal, Feb. 22nd
to April 18th, 1908.
Romans and Saxons in Wiltshire. [Lecture printed in Wiltshire
Times, Oct. 7th, 1911.]
Major-Gen. John Baillie Ballantyne Dickson, C.B.,
C.M.G., died Aug. 15th, 1925, aged 82. Buried at Keevil. Born 1842,
s. of 8. Dickson, M.D. Joined the Bengal Cavalry 1860, and was afterwards
Adjutant in the Lahore Light Horse and 18th Bengal Lancers. He ex- |
changed to the Royal Dragoons, served in the Zulu War, and was mentioned
in despatches. Served in Nile Expedition, 1884—5, was wounded at Abu
Klea, promoted Lt.-Col. 5th Dragoon Guards, and commanded that regiment
until 1893. Commanded 49th Regimental District 1895—97, and afterwards
the 4th Cavalry Brigade 1897—99, the Troops in the Straits Settlements
1899—1900, and the 4th Cavalry Brigade in S. Africa 1900, being again
mentioned in despatches. He bought Keevil Manor some years ago, and
lived there until his death. J.P. for Wilts.
Obit. notice, Wrlishire Times, Aug. 22nd, 1925.
Charles William Darbishire, died at Singapore, on June
5th, 1925, whilst on a tour in the Hast. Born June 17th, 1875, s. of Col-
C. H. Darbishire. of Plas Mawr, Penmaenmawr. Educated at Giggleswick
School. Joined the firm of Paterson, Simons, & Co., East India Merchants,
of which he became Managing Director, living many years at Singapore,
where he was an unofficial member of the Legislative Council of the Straits
Settlements, Chairman of the Singapore Chamber of Commerce, and a
member of the Harbour Board and Municipal Commission. He served
in the Artists’ Rifles and Royal Welch Fusiliers (T.R.), commanded the
Singapore Volunteer Rifles 1914 to 1919, and took part in the suppression
of the mutiny Feb. and March, 1915. He was President of the Association
of British Malaya 1921—2. He was elected M.P. for the Westbury Division
in 1922 and 1923, but was defeated in 1924. He married, 1905, Frances
Middleton, d. of Sheriff Davidson, of Fort William. He bought Elms
Cross, Westwood, the house burnt out by suffragettes, and restored it as
his residence.
Obit. notices, Zimes; Waltshire Times, with portraits of Mr. and Mrs.
Darbishire, June 13th; Weltshire Gazette, June 11th, 1925.
Thomas William Ferris, died Aug. 21st, 1925, aged 60,
Buried at Crudwell. B.at Compton Bassett, June 12th, 1865,s. of Thomas ©
Messiter Ferris. For twenty-one years he occupied West Park Farm,
Market Lavington, until the sale of the East Lavington Manor Estate, when
he bought Crudwell Manor Farm from the trustees of the late Lord Lucas |
and lived there until his death. He took a prominent part in local affairs |
at Market Lavington, served on the County Council, and was Chairman of |
the District Council, a Governor of Dauntsey Agricultural School, and was
on the Committee of the Wiltshire Agricultural Association, and National
Farmers’ Union. He was widely known in Agricultural circles, and was a
prominent Freemason. He married Sarah, d. of Richard Spackman, of |
Wilts Obituary. 225
Broughton Gifford. He leaves five sons and one daughter, of whom the
eldest, Thomas Randolph Ferris, M.Sc., is Director of Agriculture for the
County of Dorset. :
Obit. notice, Wiltshire Gazette, Aug. 27th, 1925.
Canon John Otter Stephens, died Aug., 1925, aged 93,
Kducated at Winchester and Brasenose College, Oxon. B.A. 1854, M.A.
1857. Deacon 1856. Priest 1858 (Oxford). Vicar of Savernake 1861—
1879, Vicar of Blankney (Lines.) 1879—1903; Chaplain at Beaulieu 1901
—04; Vicar of All Saints, Tooting Graveney, 1903—12. The Times, Aug.
13th, 1925, in an obituary notice, says, “Canon Stephens was a remark-
able personality of the Victorian era. He possessed an unusual capacity
for organization, and has left a wonderful record of beneficent creative
work behind him. . . . He established and endowed the beautiful
Cottage Hospital on Marlborough Hill. . . . He again found scope
for his remarkable aptitude for philanthropic work (at Blankney). Recog-
nizing the wonderful curative qualities of the water of the Spa at Woodhall,
then neglected and practically unknown, he succeeded, with the help of
influential support, in founding the Alexandra Hospital, which has now
become a national institution and affords relief to thousands of patients
from all parts of England. Upwards of £40,000 was raised by Canon
Stephens for the establishment and endowment of these two hospitals.
But still greater work awaited him. In 1900, when he was nearly 70 years
of age, he founded the parish of Tooting Graveney, then an almost un-
developed area, with the bequest under the will of Lady Charles Brudenell-
Bruce. Probably the secret of Canon Stephens’s success in his undertakings
was, next to his indomitable energy, the fact that he was in the best sense
‘of the word a polished man of the world, at ease with every class with which
‘he came in contact. The late King Edward honoured him with his acquaint-
ance, and on more than one occasion he was commanded to stay and preach
at Sandringham. . . . a scholar and a broad-minded clergyman of
the old-fashioned High Church school, endowed with a fine natural courtesy
and a keen sense of humour . . ._ he had travelled widely, and was
possessed of the most artistic temperament, as is proved by the interior of
Tooting Graveney Church, to beautify which he had scoured Europe.”
He was the author of From Savernake to Syria, via Palestine,
Sketches, Sacred, Social, and Secular, taken on the Spot.
Marlborough. 1877. Pamphlet, 83in. x 54in., pp. 50. 1s.
James Edward Rawlence, died August 2nd, 1925, aged 80.
Buried at Wilton. Born at Wilton, July, 1845. Thrice Mayor of Wilton,
he held other public offices in the town. He wasa partner in the firm of
Waters & Rawlence, of Salisbury, but retired 25 years ago. He was all his
life intimately connected with agriculture, and as a judge of stock, arbitra-
tor, and land valuer, was widely known. He will be chiefly remembered
as having, in conjunction with Mr. Elias P. Squarey, founded the Hamp-
shire Down Sheep Society, of which he was for many years secretary and
treasurer, and president in 1917.
Obit. notice, Wiltshire Gazette, Aug. 6th, 1925.
226. Wilts Obituary.
G. A. R. Fitzgerald, K.C., died Aug. Ist, 1925, aged 81. Buried
at Christchurch, Bradford-on-Avon. Born 1844, eldest s. of Rev. A. O.
Fitzgerald, Archdeacon of Wells. Educated at Sherborne and Corpus
Christi Coll., Oxford. Fellow of St. John’s Coll. Called to Bar 1871.
Practised before Parliamentary Committees, was a Light Railway Com-
missioner 1876 to 1900. J.P. for Wilts. He resided for many years at
Bearfield House, Bradford-on-Avon, was a member of the Urban District.
Council and Chairman of it 1913 to 1916 when he retired. He was for some
years churchwarden of Christchurch, Bradford. A member of the Wilts.
General Education Committee, and.of the Wilts Standing Joint Committee.
He had lived at Oxford since he left Bradford about 9 years ago. He
married a daughter of H. D. Skrine, of Warleigh and Claverton Manors
(Som. ) who died some years ago. Of his sons the Rev. Maurice Fitzgerald
is Rector of Little Somerford, and Crone holds a Government appoint-
ment in Egypt.
Obit. notice Waltshire Times, Aug. 8th, 1925.
He was the author or editor of many Legal Treatises, amongst which
were :—
Thrings’ Company Acts (2 Editions).
<The Manual of the Ballot Act, 1872.
The Public Health Act, 1875.
Rev. George Edward Long, died Aug. 24th, 1925, aged 73.
Buried at Edington. Salisbury Theolog. Coll., 1881. Deacon, 1883. Priest,
1884 (Salisbury). Curate of Whiteparish, 1883—87; Melksham, 1887
—90; Vicar of Edington, 1890—1910 ; Vicar of Bremhill, 1910—17 ; lector
of Chettle (Dors.) 1917 until his death. His incumbency at Edington in-
cluded the years of the completion of the restoration of the Parish Church.
Obit. notice, Wiltshire Gazette, Sept. 3rd, 1925.
Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles. 227
WILTSHIRE BOOKS, PAMPHLETS, AND ARTICLES,
[N.B.—This list does not claim to be in any way exhaustive, The Editor
appeals to all authors and publishers of pamphlets, books, or views, in any
way connected with the county, to send him copies of their works, and to
editors of papers, and members of the Society generally, to send him copies
of articles, views, or portraits, appearing in the newspapers, |
The Long Barrows ofthe Cotswolds, a Description
of Long Barrows, Stone Circles, and other Mega-
lithic Remains in the area covered by Sheet 8 of
the Quarter-inch Ordnance Survey, comprising the
Cotswolds and the Welsh Marches. By O. G.S.
Crawford, F.S.A. Pub. by J. Bellows, Gloucester. 1925. 4to,
Price 25s. This excellent book, which gives a full description of every
Long Barrow within the area concerned, includes five in Wiltshire, as well
as the Shire Stones. Green Barrow in Leigh Delamere (O.S. Wiltshire,
19 N,E.), is mentioned by Scrope, Hust. of Castle Combe, who says it had
been levelled not long before 1852. Mr. Passmore reports, 1924, “ At the
spot marked by a cross on the O.S. Map there is a long oval rise, very slight
but obvious. Itis now under grass with a permanent fowl shed upon it, also
a hedgeand road across it.” Soldier’s Grave,in Hullavington, Mr, Passmore
reports, 1924, that at B.M. 3465, on Sheet 12 8.E. (Wiltshire), is a gate with
a new cottage ; “40 yards west of that is a large slab standing up, but deeply
buried in the ground, 7ft. long and about 34ft. high and 14ft. thick.” It is
mentioned by Jackson in Aubrey’s Zop. Coll., p. f15, as the remains of a
dolmen. Mr. Passmore believes that it isso. It is known locally as The
* Soldier’s Grave.”’ Surrendell Farm Barrow, in Hullavington, is reported
by Mr. Passmore as along low mound, 117ft. x 30ft. and about 3ft, high,
regularly shaped and with side ditches. ‘The road south of and touching
Surrendell Farm comes out in a field to the west; on the left is a hedge;
measure from the end of the hedge 90 yards in a direction slightly south of
west.” The Three Shire Stones at the junction of Somerset, Gloucestershire,
and Wilts, and of the parishes of Batheaston, Marshfield, and Colerne,
These stones consist of three uprights supporting a capstone, all megalithic,
standing in an alcove in the wall on the east side of the Foss Way two
miles north of Batheaston. Within the cove are three smaller stones. The
_ Ordnance Survey of 1813—14 marks them as “ Dated 1736,” but Stukeley
| mentions them in 1723. “The present structure is evidently a modern
| imitation of a dolmen.” Lanhill Long Barrow, in Chippenham parish, is
)
| described, with four illustrations, taken from W.A.J/., xxxvi., 300—310.
| Lugbury, in Nettleton parish, is described from the accounts of Aubrey,
Hoare, and Thurnam, with a good photograph. The Giant’s Cave, in
Luckington (O.S. 12 N.W., Wiltshire), is also described from Aubrey,
B
|
ritton, and Mrs, Cunnington.
|
|
|
228 W ilichire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles.
Saxon Churches in Wilts. In the new edition, entirely re-
cast and enlarged, of the second volume of The Artsin Early England.
Anglo-Saxon Architecture, by Professor G. Baldwin Brown, recently issued
(1925), the Potterne font is spoken of as of Saxon date, the double splayed
circular clerestory windows at Avebury are described and illustrated, the
north doorway of Somerford Keynes is also illustrated and compared with
the similar door of Heysham Chapel (Lanes), and is conjecturally assigned to
the latter part of the 8th century. As to Britford Church, in the vine scrolls.
on the jambs of the arch Prof. Baldwin Brown finds marks of Danish in-
fluence, and concludes that “the early part of the 10th century would be a
reasonable date whereto to ascribe it. The architecture of the building,
where it exhibits details, agrees with this, and Britford may fairly be
claimed as a monument of the intermediate or Danish period.” He givesa
plan of the Saxon portion of the Church, the nave, and drawings of the
face of the jamb and springing of the south arch, and the soffit of the north
arch. Of this Church he writes :—“‘ On entering the nave we pass under &
Saxon arch over the south door, and find ourselves in a substantially Saxon
nave to which a later east portion has been added. This nave measures 44ft.
4in. in length by a width of 20ft. 2in., and at the extreme east end of it there
were found some years ago the very remarkable arched openings in the north
and south walls . . . The north archway is 5ft. 9in. wide by a height of Tit.
10in., that on the south 5ft. Tin. wide and 7ft. 84in. high. The present south
doorway into the nave further west than these openings is ina third Saxon
archway 8ft. 9in. high x 5ft. 9in. wide, but it is probable that this third
opening has no special connection with the two others. These last correspond.
pretty closely in position and in size, but are curiously different in technical
treatment. The arch of the S. opening is turned in large Roman bricks,
evidently re-used. Some of them are voussoir shape, about 13in. long by
a thickness of 3in. at one end, tapering to 2in. ‘hey were not, however.
all set voussoir fashion, so as to fit the form of the arch, but as often as not
they are reversed, so that the thin edge, instead of the thick, is on the
extrados of the arch. The necessary wedge-like forms without which the
arch could not be constructed are given by the mortar joints, which are
thicker on the extrados than below. ‘The jambsare lined by tall and narrow
upright stones, about 4ft. 6in. high X 9in. wide, standing on plinths, and
set at the outer thirds of the jamb with a recess in the interval between
them, the whole thickness of the wall being 2ft. 5in. They are crowned by
imposts which show the remarkable peculiarity already observed in Roman
work and at Escomb, that they are cut away to receive the head of the
jamb stones, which are mortised into them. This feature is of course of
pronounced early character. On the exterior face of the wall, now made
conveniently accessible from the inside, there was a square-sectioned strip
of stone, 2in. face X a projection of 12in. that ascended the jamb and then
followed the curve of the arch, after the manner of a hood mould. The
imposts were probably returned along the outer face of the wall to meet.
this strip. The same feature occurs on the exterior face of the N. opening,
and there are pretty clear indications on the inner side of the S. opening
that a similar strip had appeared on this face also. . . . The vertical
Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles. 229
pilaster strip, like the impost, has been hacked away flush with the wall
and then covered with plaster, now removed. ‘The traces of this strip work
are of great chronological significance. The soffit of the N. opening, is
treated quite differently. It is panelled, so to say, with flat square slabs that
are cut on their faces to the curve of the arch, and that leave between them
recesses, like cassettes. The work is very careful, for the curved soffit slabs
are framed as it were, by bricks set edgeways,and bricks form the floor of the
recesses or cassettes; The jambs have the plinth, imposts, and upright
stones like the other archway, but these are not let into the imposts. In the
space between the uprights there are square slabs with recesses above and
below them. The most remarkable feature of the whole work is the orna-
mentation on the upright jamb stones and intermediate squares on the EK.
jamb of this N. opening. . . . The purpose for which they (the open-
ings) were intended is a matter for conjecture. There are practically three
alternatives. They may have been (1) doorways to the exterior, (2)
arcade openings, the survivors of a series giving access to side aisles,
(3) archways admitting to side chapels. (1) is excluded, not because
there is no rebate for doors, for Saxon doorways in most cases appear
not to have had rebates, but because the ornamentation on the
jambs is quite out of character with mere doorways. (2) The S. opening
would work into the scheme of an arcade with the more westerly opening
on the same side where is now the doorway of entrance, but the piers be-
tween the openings of such an arcade would have to be about 6ft. wide.
The arches, however, are too small in scale, especially too low, in proportion
to the width of the nave, for us to suppose them arcade openings. (3)
There remains the supposition that they gave access at one time to side
chapels, in which connection their ornate appearance would be quite in
character, and their dimensions would be proportioned rather to the pre-
sumably small size of the chapels than to that of the nave out of which
they led. Assuming this to have been their destination the eastward
position of the chapels is significant, for an arrangement similar to that
indicated on the plan of Deerhurst is obviously suggested. . . . Brit-
ford forms a transition to Period ITI. (latter part of 10th cent. to Norman
conquest) because these apertures.are framed with what has been termed
* strip-work round openings,” that is to say, a square sectioned narrow
pilaster of plain stonework runs up the N. and S. faces of the jambs a few
inches from their soffit-edge and is then carried on without a break round
the curve of the arch. ‘This becomes in Period III. one of the commonest
and most enduring features of Saxon buildings.”
Bradford-on-Avon is fully described on pp. 296 to 305 with plan and view
of the exterior from north-east ; diagram of exterior arcading and courses of
_ stone,and an excellent photograph of one of the carved angels over the chancel
I!
|
arch. As regards the arcading, the writer says “a careful examination of the
_ work, especially in regard to the planes of its various surfaces, shows that the
enrichment was planned when the stones of the walling were laid, and is
| necessarily contemporary With the: fabrica «9.2. “Lhe strme
dividing the wall horizontally at about two-thirds of its height, is forte
all along in a single course of stones 64in. in height, and always projected
| about lin. from the main face of the wall. The trapezoidal bases of the
230 Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles.
pilasters of the arcade above the string course,with the parts between them,
are also formed in a single course of stones, and the same is the case with
the capitals above the pilasters and the parts between them . . . and
whereas the wall stones vary in size in the most irregular manner, these
particular courses run practically without a break all round the building
in almost every case the height of them (the pilasters) about 2ft.
is in a single stone, thus showing that the pilasters, like the caps and bases,
were prepared for in the structure of the wall. . . . The Bradford ar-
cading, Rivoira insists, is in itself a late feature, and if so it would be
against the date of about 973 that Irvine assigned to the Bradford Chapel.
There is so much about it on the other hand that suggests a period of
vigorous work and originality that it may be placed early in Period III.
and not near the Norman Conquest.” Of the chancel arch, only 3ft. 6in.
wide, he writes, “It is the narrowest chancel arch in any Church under
notice, and can in this respect only be paralleled in certain oratories of
primitive type though of uncertain date in Orkney and Caithness. It is
worth suggesting that the narrow doorway may be a local peculiarity. It
occurs at Somerford Keynes . . . but the most striking instance is
close at hand, at Limpley Stoke, where has survived a remarkable S. door-
way, 8f{t. 9in. high, and only 2ft. 5in. wide.” Of the figures of angels the
author writes, ‘‘ very notable is the occurrence high up in the E. wall of the
nave above the chancel arch of two figures of angels sculptured in low
relief. They are hovering horizontally in the air each holding over the two
arms a napkin. ‘They are amongst the most important, or at any rate the
best preserved examples of Saxon sculpture in its connection with architec-
ture, and form no doubt a portion of a lost group or rood, a figure of the
Crucified originally forming the centre. . . . They were found im-
bedded in the wall above the chancel arch . . . (they) are not now an
situ but were placed where they are at the restoration of the building and
are obviously at far too greatan elevation . . . the position and aspect
(of the figure) suggest that it once occupied the space on the side of the
head of a cross above the arm with which it agrees approximately in length,
Figures of angels occur quite commonly in this position above the transom of
across, . . - The veiling of the hands in a portion of the garment or in
a cloth is derived from the ceremonial of the later Imperial court, where it
became etiquette so to cover the hands when receiving something adorable,
even a letter from the Emperor. . . . Angels are shown (in the mosaics
of Ravenna) with hands so veiled even when there is nothing visible to give
or to receive, and these furnish a precedent for the same detail at Brad-
ford, which is to be regarded as inspired by eastern Christian ivories or
MSS. Though this be the source from which the position of the angels and
their veiled hands have been derived, there may be noted resemblances in
the drapery to that of figures in the MSS. of the so-called “‘ Winchester
School” recently treated by Mr. H. P. Mitchell in the Burlington Magazine
for 1923. It does not follow that the Bradford sculptor copied the English
MSS., for the works may all represent a common tradition, but the flutter-
ing scarf, originally it would seem a pallium, of the MSS. figures appears
above the angels’ shoulders, and the band of drapery round the waist is a
feature specially prominent in these same MSS. figures. Hence the
Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles. 231
Bradford angels have a certain chronological significance and would be quite
at home at the end of the 10th or early part of the 11th century.”
Of Netheravon the author says “ There is a W. tower, late Saxon in
general style but with Norman features (and probably of post-Conquest
workmanship) that has distinct indications of the existence on the W., N.,
and S. faces of former adjuncts, the purpose of which is problematical
i these lateral walls are now broken away. On the northern face,
about 17ft. above the ground, there is an opening cut like a doorway, but
only 4ft. Yin. high, that may have given on to the roof of one of these sub-
sidary buildings.” He thinks that Saxon west towers of this character may
be compared with the atrium of the early Christian Basilicas which gave
access to various subsidiary structures, as well as te the Church itself. Of
the double-splayed circular “ clerestory ” windows at Avebury, it is doubt-
fully suggested that they may possibly have lighted a Saxon upper chamber
over the nave. The Church is assigned to Period C or IIL, z.e., the 10th
century, as are also the “ long and short ” quoins at Bremhill and Burcombe.
Of Limpley Stoke, which he assigns doubtfully to the beginning of the
10th century, he says, “ This little Church has a Saxon nave 32ft. 6in. by
13ft. 6in., with walls of good stonework, 2ft. 3in. thick, a later chancel,
and a W. tower with walls 2ft. 8in. thick, that is probably later than
the nave, but has like it very well-cut ashlar quoins of large stones
set Stow fashion, one at the N.W. quoin of the tower measuring 5ft.
by lft. 3in. Internally there is preserved, in the south wall cut through by
later arches of two periods,a wonderful S. doorway. Its narrowness is its
most marked quality. . . . Thejambs are almost monolithic, for one
stone on the W. jamb is 4ft. 8in. high by a width of 2ft. 5in., the same as
the substance of the wall, and a thickness of 10in. The voussoirs are all
through stones, and the opening was cut straight through the wall, though
later a rebate 44in. deep was cut on the N. side for the door. The imposts
are hollow chamfered, but there is the curious feature that a roll is worked
on each arris, as in the W. doorway of the early porch at Monkwearmouth,
though the work at Limpley Stoke is more accentuated. Finally there is
the remarkable feature that the arch is most distinctly horseshoed, and as a
quite assuredly Saxon example of this feature it must be almost unique.
It does not look here like a kind of stilting, as is sometimes its appearance,
but is deliberate, as the stones are carefully shaped.”
Report of the Marlborough College Nat. Hist.
Soc. for the Year ending Christmas, 1924. No.73.
This is a much stouter report than most of those issued since the War,
and the lists of insects are again printed in the report as of old. Of the
rarer birds, a Bittern is reported in February, a Spotted Crake killed by
telegraph wires at Marlborough, Black Redstart at Barbury, a Shoveller
duck and two drakes at Coate Reservoir. Pochard, Green Sandpiper.
Grasshopper Warbler, Long-eared Owl, Stone Curlew, Great Crested Grebe,
and Redshank are also reported. The Botanical Section reports Caltha
palustris var. Guerangit at Ramsbury, Fumaria Vaillantii, Fumaria
parviflora, Erophila praecox, and Mentha rubra, all from Aldbourne, and
232 Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles,
Gagea lutea, from Wexcombe. All these are new records for the Marl-
borough neighbourhood. In the Entomological Section; a single Clouded
Yellow from Broad Town and Commas from Marlborough and Alton are
noticed. Three Beetles and quite a number of Flies are reported for the
first time for the district. ‘The Diptera and Hymenoptera seem to have
had special attention paid to them during the year, and in the latter order
thirty-one species new to the district are reported. A most readable article
on Martinsell, by Mr. H. S. Brentnall, with a map, and a reproduction of
Stukeley’s view, is the chief paper printed. With regard to the pits on the
spur cut off by the ‘‘Giant’s Grave,” the writer mentions that this side of
the hill has many pockets of Tertiary sand, and that some, at all events, of
these pits are certainly pits from which sand has been dug for building
purposes. Mr. Brentnall concludes that Martinsell and presumably other
large earthworks like it were cattle pens, and not camps. On the western
side, where the rampart is pierced with several openings, are certain circular
pits, some of which Mr. Brentnall says were open as chalk pits within the
memory of man. They are described as being very deep, and the chalk, which
was extracted from underground galleries, was sent to the surface in buckets.
As to the name Martinsell, Mr. Brentnall notes that an Inquisition of 1370
speaks of the “ great hill called ‘ Matteleshore, ” and the same name occurs
in documents of 1330, whilst a charter, of the reputed date of 940 speaks of
the east side of Maethelmesburg as the boundary of Pewsey, and another, of
933, gives “ Aet Motenes oran,” 2.e., at Motens hill slope. Mr. Brentnall
records further work on ‘‘ Wansdyke: Savernake Section,” begun Aug. 5th,
1924, by himself and Mr. Albany Major, in continuation of the work done
in 1923, and described in W.A.M., xlii., 497—500, at New Buildings, where
the visible remains of the dyke end. ‘The spot selected was a patch of
broken ground between the Salisbury Road on Snail Hill, Cadley, and the
Forest paling, in line with the “Old Bank ” described in the account of the
previous year’s (1923) work. ‘Twenty feet inside the boundary of the Forest
we found evidence of a buried bank with a ditch on either side of it, very
similar in character to the sections exposed at the other end of the Old —
Bank in 1923.” At this spot tradition places the site of buildings, probably
those of the “ Great Lodge,” and the bank may have been a trackway con-
nected with that lodge, but it is suggested that, even if this were so, the
bank may have ibeen that of an earlier dyke adopted for that purpose.
From this point the digging was transferred to the spot near New Buildings
where the last vestige of Wansdyke terminates on that side! Highteen feet
beyond this, and across its axis, a trench was dug to a depth of 7ft. 6in. in
what appeared to be silted up material, the bottom of which was not reached,
* Tt is regrettable that the investigation was incomplete, but it seems clear
that Wansdyke did not always end where it ends to-day.” A paper by
J. G. D. Clark follows, “Surface Flint Implements from Marlborough and
Seaford compared,” with a plate. The list of Diptera observed in the
neighbourhood gives 663 species, a very incomplete list still, but an advance
of 243 species in the last twenty-two years, and a very valuable record of
an order which has been hardly touched elsewhere in Wiltshire. Of the
1 See plan in W.A.M,, xlii, 497.
Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles. 233
more familiar hymenoptera 79 Bees, 42 Wasps, and 6 Ants are now recorded.
A paper by A. G. Lowndes, with three plates, describes and illustrates very
fully the curious freshwater Shrimp, Chzrocephalus diaphanus, first found
in the neighbourhood by the Rev. A J. Watson. Mr. C. P. Hurst’s paper
on Additional Fungi from Savernake Forest (printed in W.A.JZ, xliii., 1)
and shorter notes on Pond Life, &c., complete this very good number.
Some Annals of the Borough of Devizes. Beinga
series of extracts from the Corporation Records,
1555 t0o1791. By B. Howard Cunnington, F.S.A.
(Scot.), F.GS. Devizes: G Simpson & Co, 1925.
Royal 8vo., pp. xx. + 247. Price £1 Is.
This handsome well-printed volume begins with an introduction in which
the origin of the town of Devizes is shortly discussed. It is not mentioned
in Domesday, but in 1141 the Empress Matilda grants a charter to “ My
Burgesses of Devizes.” Meanwhile Bishop Roger had built his castle about
1120, and Capt. Cunnington reasonably argues that the town, of which
nothing is heard before that date, sprung into being around that Castle, as
Salisbury did around the Cathedral, and in another twenty years had grown
sufficiently important to have a charter granted to it.. A short account of
the various Borough Charters, and a list of the existing municipal records
is given. These comprise Municipal Records, 1555 to 1826, in seven series ;
Book of Pleas in the Court of Record of Devizes, Sept. 30th, 1653, to Jan.
20th, 1658; Translations of Charters ; Assize of Bread, 1777—1797 ; Oaths
taken by Officials, 1681; Sessions Book, 1790— 1817; Constitutions of the
Drapers’ Company, 1685; Constitutions, &c., of the Merchants’ Guild,
and Drapers’ Guild, 2 vols., 1614 and 1685; Chamberlains’ Accounts,
1725 to 1815 (9 series) ; Devizes Wharf, 1808—1837 ; Leases of
Property ; Constitutions of the Borough of Devizes, by J. Kent,
1628 (there is an illuminated copy of this in the Society’s Museum, and a
third in the British Museum). There are illustrations of the Borough Arms,
the old and the newer (1608) seals; the lately discovered “ Skippet,” and
a grant of a stall in the market. A more complete list of the Mayors from
1554 to 1791 than has appeared before is also given. The remainder of the
volume is taken up with extracts from the records mentioned above, trans-
cribed for the most part verbatim et literatim. Throughout the 16th and
17th centuries the Cucking Stool was apparently in constant use. It was
mended in 1596, and again in 1606, and frequently afterwards, and new
Ones were required in 1617, 1646, and !664. A fire engine was first bought
in 1641, and one of “ Newsham’s Engines ” in 1731. ‘Tobacco first appears
in the accounts in 1645, and coffee in 1689. In 1649 a public clock is
ordered to be placed on the Guildhall, the Guildhall itself being pulled
‘down in 1751 and a Public Hall “ to be set on Piazas” erected in its place.
‘The Yarn Cross and the Butter Cross were repaired in 1599, whilst the
stones of the Cheese Cross are ordered to be removed in 1687.
There are many mentions of the maces. In 1608 “ Payed for the new
‘makinge & cutting of the Comon Seale of the Corporacon 20%/- and for the
new great mases conteyning in waight 60 ounces wantinge one quarter of
|
234 Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles.
an ounce defaltinge thereof, twenty ounces for the waight of the olde mases
after the rate of five shillings the ounce £18 18%. 04,” and in 1609 “ Paied
for the Sergeants Maces £4 3%. 44., Paied for two cases for the great maces
12°/-,”” and “ Paied for 2 little iron rods that goe throughe the said little
maces 8*/-.” 1n 1625 “ Paied the Gouldsmith for newe making the Crownes
of the Maces and for 8 ozs. of silver bestowed in the workmanshippe and
for newe guilting the same £5.” They required “newe gilting” again in
1631, and mending in 1632 and 1634, and in 1660 £33 6s. 2d. was “ paid for
altering of one of the maces and for the new making of it afterwards, and
thother mace and for the carriage of them up and down.” In 1678 “The
Reparacons of the Church and casting of the Bells of St. Johns” are men-
tioned—was this after the failure of the western side of the Norman tower
of the Church? In 1702 a water supply by pipes is for the first time
undertaken. In the 17th century there appears to have been trees growing
in most of the streets as frequent mention is made of sums received for the
“ Shroud ” (z.e., lop and top) of them. Ordinances as to the gowns and caps
of the Chief Burgesses, and the cloaks of the inferior Burgesses, and as to
their attendance at Church, are made, repealed, or altered from time to
time. In 1655 all thatched houses belonging to the Corporation are
ordered to be tiled. “Tanhill ffaire” is twice mentioned in 1636. The
tools of the “ Waymen” in 1626 included “‘ Two Scoopes whereof the one is
shod with iron,” from which it may be inferred that the other was of wood
and was not shod with iron. If so this is interesting evidence of the late
use of wholly wooden shovels. In 1652 2s. are paid for Simnels. In 1560
and in 1584 two couples “ were for their lewd behaviours together adjudged
to be led about the towne with basons.” Does: this mean that they were
accompanied by a “ Rough band” or “Skimmenton”? In 1596 Dorothy
Withers for stealing “ one old caldron of the price of 13d.” was adjudged
to be whipped about the towne. The Bishop on the other hand whenever he
visited the town appears to have received a gift of wine, or more commonly
a Sugar Loaf, which appears to have been regarded as a present peculiarly
suitable for distinguished persons. ‘hese are but a sample of the many
interesting entries with which this volume is filled. Loyal addresses,
elections of Mayors and M.P.’s, and all sorts of local matters are also to be
found in its pages. Devizes should be grateful to Capt. Cunnington for
this very notable addition to its literature. -
Noticed Wiltshire Gazette, July 2nd, 1925.
Devizes Congregational Chapel. An article on the history
of the building appeared in the Wiltshire Gazette, June 18th, 1925. “It
dates from 1777, though the Church fellowship was constituted in 1772.”
It has gone by various names, “St. Mary’s Chapel,” “The Independent
Chapel,” and the Congregational Chapel.” It was greatly enlarged during
the ministry of the Rev. Richard Elliot, and in the centenary year, 1877, it
was re-seated and a new organ was installed. The most flourishing period
of its history was in the time of the Rev. Richard Elliot, 1803—53, who at
one time had two “ curates,” the Rev. J. Guard and the Rev. J. Neave. A
list of the pastors since the founding of the Chapel is given.
Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles. 235
Some Old Houses of Devizes. No. 19. The houses Nos.
31-32, St. John Street. Home ofa great collector. By Ed. Kite. Wiltshire
Gazette, Dec. 11th, 1924. ‘These two modern houses occupy the site of the
residence of Joseph Collins. His great grandfather, Henry Collins, was
cited in the Bishop’s Court, “on account of his religious principles,” and
excommunicated, and buried in the “ unconsecrated ground” in St. John’s
Churchyard. His father was Richard Collins, woolstapler, living in the
same house as himself. Joseph Collins himself died 1818, and his effects
were sold at Devizes. “The sale commenced on the 2nd February, extending
Over nine days—the first five of which were entirely occupied in the disposal
of Mr. Collins’ unique collection of fifteen thousand prints, including line
engravings, mezzotints, and etchings, with drawings in Indian ink and
crayons, and some miniatures and oil paintings—the whole arranged in
some 900 lots.” Incidentally it is mentioned that two brass cannon, about
2ft. in length, said to have been taken at the Battle of Sedgmoor, are still
preserved at Eastwell House, Potterne. On both, cast in relief, are the
arms of Scot—on a bend, a mullet of six points between two crescents—
surmounted by a ducal coronet. (The Duke of Monmouth, after his marriage
with Lady Ann Scot, daughter and heiress of Francis, 2nd Earl of Buccleugh,
in 1663 assumed the name and arms of Scot). These cannon must have
been part of the spoils taken at Sedgmoor and brought to Devizes by the
Wilts Militia, who under command of the Karl of Pembroke were stationed
in the rear at Sedgmoor and took no actual part in the battle, but were put
in charge of the King’s artillery and carriages, with which they marched to
Devizes, The cannon were probably presented to Walter Grubbe, the then
owner of Eastwell, and M.P. for Devizes, a staunch Royalist.
Some Old Houses of Devizes. No. 20. The
‘‘Castle Hotel’’ and its earlier owners. By Edw.
Kite. Wiltshire Gazette, Feb. 5th, 1925. William Grubbe, a London
merchant, a member of the Potterne family and brother of Walter Grubbe,
M.P. for Devizes, was born in 1664 and died 1729. Heceiled Potterne
Church, gave a carved oak altarpiece, and left £100 to the poor of Potterne.
He owned the site on which the Castle Hotel was afterwards built, and left
it, after the death of his wife, Phoebe, to his nephew, William Hunt, of West
Lavington, who took the name of Grubbe. He, William Hunt Grubbe,
married (first), 1729, Margaret, d. of Thomas Smith, of Shaw House,
Melksham, and (secondly), Ann, d. of Roger Dorchester, of Etchilhampton,
and left an only son. In 1768 Charles Rose and John Tylee, Devizes
brewers, obtained a lease for 99 years of the site, pulled down the existing
buildings, and erected new buildings in their place. Thomas Grubbe Hunt
Grubbe, dying 1772, left his property to his son, William Hunt Grubbe,
who, in 1812, sold the freehold of the Castle Inn to James Gent and John
and Thomas Tylee, brewers. An account of the firms of brewers connected
with the Castle Inn, Charles Rose, John Tylee, James Gent, &c., and of the
successive landlords is given:
Devizes. No. 2, High Street. The Wiltshire Gazette
| of June 4th, 1925, in recording the destruction of this old house, now
|
236 Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles.
Walker’s Temperance Hotel, by fire, reprints Mr. EK. Kite’s article on its
history published in the Gazette in 1920, as No. 3 of “Old Houses of
Devizes.”
An Old Devizes Family. The Wiltshire Gazette, April 16th,
1925. Miss Jane Reynolds, of Rowde, states the Shoulder of Mutton Inn
is represented now by Nos. 11, 12, and 13, Maryport Street, Devizes.
Robert Reynolds came to Devizes in 1797 from Corsham and carried on the
trade of currier in Maryport Street, dying at No. 11 in November, 1849.
He held important offices in St. Mary’s parish for thirty years and in 1847
was presented with a silver vase and cover and an address as a mark of
respect by sixty-six of the principal inhabitants of the town. His sons,
William, at Devizes, Robert, in Swindon, and Edmund, at Andover, were
all curriers. Miss Reynolds, granddaughter of Robert, gives various stories
of her uncles’ pranks as boys.
The Bear Hotel, Devizes. Some Notes on its
History, by Edward Kite [1924]. Pamphlet, oblong, 74in. x
A3in., pp. 23 with 6 plates. The illustrations are :—The Front of the Bear,
1924; The Market Place with the old sign of the Chained Bear fon two
columns in front of the Inn (taken from a water colour of 1804); The Mar-
ket Place, Cross, &c., from a lithograph of czr. 1860 ; The Assembly Room
of the Hotel in its original position overlooking the Market Place, cir. 1835
(it was removed to make way for the Corn Exchange) ; Part of the Hotel
overlooking the yard, showing columns; and a drawing by Sir ‘Thomas:
Lawrence of Thomas Lawrence, his father, the landlord of the Bear.
The earliest known mention of the Inn is the application of the landlord
John Sawter, for his license in 1599, though it was probably in existence
years before this. It stands on the line of the outer defences of the Castle,
and in 1856, when the foundations of the Corn Exchange were dug, “at
least two ditches twenty feet or more in depth” were found. Of the ex-
isting building the colonnade on the north side facing the yard may date
from the time of Inigo Jones. When the Corn Exchange was built the old —
Assembly Room with two shops underneath it was surrendered. The
blocked-up doors by which it was entered from the staircase still remain.
Mr. Kite gives some account of the descent of the property. John Watts,
John Child, Edward Nicholas, Edward Richmond Nicholas, John Turner,
were successive owners. The gardens and walks of the Bear, formerly a
notable feature, were added to the Castle grounds when the property was
bought by Mr. Robert Valentine Leach. The Bear Club, originating in
1756, became of conspicuous use for more than a century in apprenticing
and educating poor Wiltshire boys. The club no longer exists but it is
still represented by the Bear Club Scholarships at the Secondary School.
Some account of the various landlords, and of distinguished visitors, is
given, and it is noted that Thomas Lawrence, at his own expense, set up
posts 12ft. high half-a-mile apart the whole way across the Plain from
Salisbury, marked S. on one side and D. on the other, to direct travellers to
Devizes. He had 16 children, of whom only three sons and a daughter sur- |
vived their infancy. A very useful little booklet.
|
|
Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles. 237
The Purpose of Stonehenge. By E.H.Stone, F.S.A.
An article in Man, May, 1925, pp. 69—72, in which the author recapitulates
in a short space the arguments contained in his work The Stones of Stone-
henge for the benefit of those who have not read the book. His main con-
clusion is that the Barrows around it have no connection with Stonehenge,
and that the latter was not erected for any sepulchral purpose, and has no
connection with the ruder stone circles.
The same writer has a note in Nature, May 23rd, 1925, on the date of
erection of Stonehenge, reasserting the substantial accuracy of Sir Norman
Lockyer’s calculations as corrected in the light of recent research and of the
consequent probability of the date lying between 2040 and 1640 B.C.
The Proceedings of the Somerset Arch. Soc., 1924, vol. x., p. 125, con-
tains a review of Zhe Stones of Stonehenge, by the Rev. S. E. Percival,
who says that he has worked out the problem of the obliquity of the ecliptic
himself and got a result within a fraction of that reached by Lockyer, and
concludes “ that the argument for a date somewhere within the limits sug-
gested is not to be lightly disregarded. Of course very much depends upon
the accuracy of the ‘ bearings’ obtained for the axis.”
Stonehenge and Karnak. By Arthur R. Hinks,
C.B.E., F.R.S. Nineteenth Century, July, 1925, pp. 119—127. Mr.
Hinks, who criticised Sir Norman Lockyer’s theories in the same review in
June, 1908, returns to the charge in this article with a counterblast to Mr.
Stone’s appreciation of Sir Norman Lockyer’s work in January, 1922. Mr.
Stone had complained that people had criticised Sir Norman Lockyer’s
work without taking the trouble to understand it. Mr. Hinks rejoins that
this is quite true, and that as regards his calculations of the date of the Great
YVemple at Karnak from the time when the setting sun at the summer solstice
shone down the central axis to the inmost shrine, if people had understood
his premisses they would never have paid any attention at all to his con-
clusions. It was largely the supposed fact that the setting sun did shine
down the axis of Karnak at midsummer, that made people the more ready
to aecept Lockyer’s ideas as to the analogous case of the rising sun at Stone-
henge. Mr. Hinks, however, points out that when Sir N. Lockyer visited
the temple in 1891 the axis was blocked with debris and that it was not
entirely cleared when Mr. Howard Page made further observations on his
behalf 20 years later. In 1913 the axis was completely cleared and in that
year and the following an accurate survey not only of the axis but of the
whole temple was made by order of the Surveyor General. The result of
this survey establishes without a doubt that “at no time within the last
15,000 years . . . has the setting sun shone centrally down the axis of
the temple of Karnak. At any time within the last 7,000 years Pylon IL. if
standing (it dates from about 1225 B.C.) would have cut off all trace of the
setting sun for an observer in the centre of the east end of the sanctuary.”
“The sun never shone down the present axis ; and now this has been es-
tablished, all possibility of dating the temple by the Lockyer method
vanishes completely.” He then proceeds to explain how and why Lockyer’s
calculations were so seriously wrong, and he ends his article with these
238 Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles.
words “ we have now the true facts, and their study, leading us back to the
original argument, has made it not only possible, but necessary, to warn
archzeologists that the late Sir Norman Lockyer’s work on the temple of
Amen-Ra at Karnak is a hollow pretension. His treatment of the Stone-
henge problem we have criticised upon other, and less certain, grounds.
But it is time to say quite definitely, and with all emphasis, that neither
Karnak nor Stonehenge can be dated astronomically.”
The Orientation of Stonehenge. By E. H. Stone,
FS.A. Article in The Nineteenth Century, Sept., 1925, pp. 417—421.
This is Mr. Stone’s answer to Mr. Hinks’s attack (in the July, 1925, number)
on his appreciation of Sir Norman Lockyer’s work in the January number
of 1922. Mr. Stone in this article says nothing about Karnak and its
orientation, about which, indeed, there seems nothing further to be said,
but confines himself to a vindication of the accuracy of Sir Norman’s work
so far as measurements and calculations at Stonehenge are concerned,stating
that these measurements very closely coincide with those that Mr. Stone
himself has ascertained. Mr. Stone repeats his belief that Stonehenge has
no connection with the Bronze Age, or with the round barrows that surround
it, and that its purpose was in no sense sepulchral, as Mr. Engleheart has
argued. The writer of this notice has never been able to see why the
upholders of the “Temple” and the “Sepulchre” theories should be so
angry with one another. Surely the whole analogy of existing religions
shows that the same building is more often than not both a temple for
worship and a place of interment of the illustrious dead. Westminster
Abbey is at once the national sepulchre of the Anglo-Saxon race, and one of
the chief temples of Christian worship in England, and ina lesser degree
the same may be said of every Cathedral and Parish Church in the land,
and they were undoubtedly built to be so.
Folk-Lore of the Warminster District collected
by V. S. Manley. A Supplement to the History of
Warminster and the Official Guide. Printed and
Published by Coates & Parker, Warminster. 1924.
Price 8d. Pamphlet, 6in. X 4in., pp. 39. - One illustration of Cottages. |
This most unpretending little book contains a collection of Folk-Lore items,
stories, legends, customs, &c., of the Warminster neighbourhood, all worth
preserving, and many quite curious and valuable. They are set down in
the shortest possible way, without “trimmings” of any kind, and it would
be well if Mr. Manley’s example could be followed by others in the different
districts of Wiltshire. One of the most curious items is “The Spirit of
Cley Hill,” a legend which would apparently have died with its narrator, an
old woman of 80. The legend records that the guardian spirit of the Bugley |
folk lived inside the barrow on the top of the hill, and one day hearing |
water running beneath him he directed its course Gndersrara until it came |
out at Hogs Well. He told the people not to drink it but to use it |
only for curing weak eyes, and an old woman who disregarded his |
order and drank the water died that night, and a cow that polluted the water /
Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles. 239
was drowned in the mud. It is in any case a fact that until recently this
water has been in great request for bad eyes, 6d. a bottle being paid for it,
provided some Ground Ivy was included to be brewed with it. The
appearance of the Well Fiend is recorded of Bicker’s Well, in Prince Croft
Lane, at Bugley, and under a large oak tree which formerly stood where
North Lane meets the Half, below Blue Ball, Bugley, elves lived and might
sometimes be seen gambolling by children. Above the churchyard at
Longbridge Deverill is a portion of the wall of an old house, now kept
together with an iron stay. This is spoken of as the “ Jews’ Wall,” and
when it falls the Marquisate of Bath will cease. A yew tree near the
Norton—Bishopstrow boundary post on the Salisbury Road claims to be the
tree under which Cromwell rested after his defeat at Roundway. Ghost
stories include one of Longleat and of the laying of a ghost there by twelve
parsons, who recited the Lord’s Prayer backwards. At Norton, the Vicar’s
Walk, and at Crockerton, Church Lane are haunted by a headless galloping
horse, and Bugley is haunted by a spectral funeral in the lane at Blue Ball.
“ Shrof Tuesday ” customs included ‘“ Thread the needle ” by the factory lads
and girls along the road at Crockerton, and the subsequent “ Clipping of
the Church” at Warminster, as also at Hill Deverill, 2.e., the building was
surrounded by about 200 people holding hands, followed by Panshard, or
Lent-Crock Night on the Common, when unpopular people’s houses were
stoned. There were Good Friday games of “ Best Ball” on Arn Hill, and
on Palm Sunday at Longbridge Deverill men went into the fields to “ tread
the wheat.” The fault of this little book is that it is not long enough.
Warminster. Official Guide and Souvenir, Issued
by authority of the Warminster Urban District
Council and Warminster Development Association.
Designed, printed, and published by the British Publishing Company,
Limited. Crypt House Press. Gloucester, No. 361. 1924.
Stiff cover, 74in. X 42in., pp. 112 (many advertisements). Compiled by
V. S. Manley. ‘There are process illustrations of Warminster from the
Downs; Sketch Plan of Warminster Downland ; The Downs; Battlesbury
Hill Town ; Shepherds’ Steps, Battlesbury ; Cley Hill; Parish Church and
Cold Harbour; Norman Window in Parish Church ; Heaven’s Gate and
Longleat ; Horningsham Chapel ; Street Plan of Warminster ; Town Hall ;
Boreham Road ; Market Place ; Shearwater; Longbridge Deverill ; Dolmen
at Kingston Deverill; Wylye Valley Hunt; St. Leonard’s Church, Sutton
Veney ; Heytesbury Lock-up; White Horse at Bratton; Park and Lake;
War Memorial ; Cop Head Lane; Cottage with Bakery, Horningsham. The
book contains a considerable amount of information as to the neighbourhood,
arranged in Itineraries in different directions,Cop Heap and Arn Hill, Battles-
bury, Cley Hill, Longleat, Shearwater and Crockerton, Cannimore, Glciler,
The Deverills, Upton Scudamore, the Wylye Valley, Imber and Bratton,
Edington and the White Horse, all coming within its scope, as well as
| Warminster itself. Barrows,camps, and lynchets are described,and historical
‘incidents connected with the neighbourhood are recalled. The large sarsen
Stones just on the east side of the churchyard at Kingston Deverill are
| WOU. XLII.—NO, CXLII. R
240 Wiltshire Looks, Pamphlets, and Articles.
figured as a dolmen, but in their present position it is unlikely that they
have any prehistoric origin. Mr. V. F. Manley has put together a guide
book well above the average of such books in the value of its contents.
Notes on the Cathedral Church of St. Mary the
Blessed Virgin, Salisbury (founded April 28th, 1220). Pre-
pared at the request of the Cathedral Chapter, June, 1920. Revised Feb.,
1924. Salisbury. To be obtained from Mr. G. Freemantle (First Verger of
the Cathedral) and from all the local booksellers. Cloth, 63in. x 44in., pp.
142. Thirteen illusts., including a folding plan of the two Cathedrals of
Old Sarum. .
The first and second editions of this account of, and guide to, the Cath-
edral appeared in 1920, and were noticed in W.A.M/,, xli., 210. ‘This third
and revised edition contains 16 more pages. It is well that the work of
Canon Fletcher and Chancellor Wordsworth should be appreciated at its
true value, as the call for a new edition of this charming and handy little
book seems to show that it is.
Salisbury Cathedral Old Glass. Dr. Stanley Baker, in a
letter to the Salisbury papers, reprinted in Wiltshire Gazette, Sept. 4th,
1924, states that there are three traditions as to the place where the old
glass was thrown when it was cast out of the Cathedral in 1790.
(1). “The Town Ditch.” If this means the ditch just outside the town
rampart, the only part of the rampart still existing at that date was the
portion between its north-east corner still existing in St. Edmund’s College
garden and the edge of Bugmore meadow just at the foot of the garden be-
hind 82, St. Anne Street, but drainage operations have taken place on the
line of Rampart Road, along which the ditch ran and there is no record of —
any glass having been found, and it is not likely that the glass would have
been hauled all the way to the Green Croft to the more distant parts of
this ditch. 2
(2). Another tradition says the glass was thrown “ Round the Chapter
House,” and here Dr. Baker has “ put down about thirty boreholes without
discovering more than a few fragments of glass and leadwork, such as might
have been shaken out of the windows while being taken down.”
(3). A third tradition says that the glass was thrown into “a pit at
Harnham,” and Dr. Baker has learned from an old inhabitant that the
town rubbish 60 years ago was shot into a ditch behind the “ Swan” at
Harnham, in a field called “ The Roundabouts,” and he suggests that this
may really be “ The Town Ditch ” into which the glass was shot. This spot
he intends shortly to investigate, and is hopeful that he may really find the
remains of the glass there.
The Tree of Jesse. A Sermon preached in Salis- |
pury Cathedral on the morning of Sunday, July 20th, 1924 (being |
the Sunday after the “‘ unveiling ” of the Jesse window) by Canon Fletcher. |
Reprinted from the Weltshire Gazette. Pamphlet, 43in. X 33in., pp. 8. |
Text Isaiah, xi., 1—3, on the teaching of the Jesse window. }
Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles. 241
A Newspaper Man’s Memories. By Aaron
Watson, with sixteen illustrations, London: Hutchinson & Co, [1925].
8vo, cloth, pp. 324. Portrait of author as frontispiece, and index. Born
1850 he began journalistic work eighteen or twenty years later and followed
it strenuously until he retired recently to live at Lacock. Beginning as the
editor of a Manchester weekly paper, he moved thence to Newcastle, and
started The Newcastle Critic, which he wrote entirely and published himself.
Of this only about a dozen issues were published, but it was the cause of his
being appointed assistant editor of Zhe Newcastle Weekly Chronicle, where
he continued under Joseph Cowen until in 1880 he left Newcastle, went to
London, and found work on the Pall Mall Gazette, then edited by John
Morley. He also wrote for the Magazine of Art. He afterwards joined
the staff of the Hvening News, and later became editor of The Hecho for a
while. Then he returned to the North and became editor of the Shields
Daily Gazetteand the Northern Weekly Leader, and later on of the Newcastle
Daily Chronicle. He returned to London as correspondent of the Bradford
Daily Observer. His pages are filled with reminiscences, journalistic,
political, theatrical, literary, and of great events, and famous men with
‘whom he came in contact during his life as “ A Newspaper Man.”
A long notice appeared in Waltshire Gazette, June 25th, 1925.
Stourhead Furniture. A short article, by M. Jourdain, on
“Classic and Egyptian Furniture of the Regency,” has fine photographs of
“Mahogany Library Table made by Thomas Chippendale, Junior, in 1805,
for Stourhead,” and “ Mahogany Table made in 1804,” by the same maker,
both showing Egyptian details. The writer says, “At Stourhead in
Wiltshire is a quantity of furniture in mahogany and satinwood made by
the younger Thomas Chippendale for the Wiltshire antiquary, Sir Richard
Colt Hoare, in the early years of the nineteenth century. Among the bills
is an entry of a set of “ eight mahogany chairs with circular backs, broad
sweep pannelled tops, with circle elbows, carved Egyptian heads and fluted
therm feet, the rails moulded and carved, cane seats and brass socket
¢castors” for the library, and the mahogany table and pedestal writing table
are also enriched with Egyptian heads, combined, in the case of the writing
table, with heads of the accustomed classic cast. The tapering and fluted
sheaths finish below in human feet both in the engaged supports upon the
front of the table, and in the free-standing Egyptian supports between
the plinth and semi-circular ends. ‘he fine finished heads are carved, not
inserted in cast brass, which became customary in furniture of this type.”
Malmesbury. North Wilts Herald, Feb. 6th and 13th, 1925. A
short resumé of the history of the place, largely taken from Lee Osborne’s
account. In the account of the Abbey Church the triforium gallery on the
south side is called the “ Monks’ Gallery,’ and that above it, in the
clerestory, the “ Nuns’ Gallery.” Where did the nuns come from? The
history of the Abbey, Maidulph, Aldhelm, the principal abbots, &c., are
touched on, and the architecture of-the Church described from Britton and
other authorities, not without some mistakes. (Good process views of The
Revd
242 Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles.
Abbey Church, South Side, Exterior and Interior of South Porch, The Abbey
House, War Memorial Cross, and General View of town (from the air ?) are
given.
Malmesbury. A lecture by Mr. A. Fraser on the Early History of
Malmesbury to the Malmesbury Literary and Debating Society is printed
in fullin Wilts and Gloucestershire Standard, Jan. 10th, 1925. Mr. Fraser
makes the curious suggestion that the Place Name Malmesbury is derived.
from Mal-mece-bury, which he says would mean the place where the art of
writing is practised.
The White Horses of Wiltshire. War Badges on
the Wiltshire Downs. Pamphlet, cr. 8vo. Price 6d. Ten
illustrations. By G. Lansdown. Pp. 20. Of the White Horses of Wilts.
there is not much that is new to be said. The illustrations are from
photographs, of which one shows us the Broad Town horse, now deceased.
The last five pages deal with the War Badges cut on the downs in South
Wilts by many of the regiments in camp there during the War, 1914—18,
and of these there are four illustrations, the Badge of the Rising Sun at.
Codford, cut by Australians, 1916—17, and those of the London Rifle Brigade
and City of London and Australian Battalions at Hurdcott and Fovant, cut
in 1916. Itis stated that the Codford Badge was cleaned by boy scouts two:
or three yearsago. It would bea great pity that these interesting mementos
of the War should be allowed to grow over and disappear. Cannot boy
scouts be found to clean them all regularly every year ortwo? They could
hardly be better employed.
Castle Combe with Eight Illustrations. Pamphlet,
cr. 8vo, pp. 16. By G. Lansdown. : The illustrations are :—The Cross ; The
River Bridge; Bird’s-eye View of Castle Combe ; Church (South Side and
Interior); View of Village; Manor House. The letterpress is a sketch of
the history of the place, the manor, the Church, and the village.
Wilton House. By the Countess of Pembroke. Art. in Hnglish.
Life, Feb., 1925, pp. 1883—188. Nine good photo illustrations :—The Great.
Tower of Wilton House ; Holbein’s original Front Entrance ; Wilton House.
from South-East; The Palladian Bridge; View of East Side of House
through the Palladian Bridge; Interior of room with Portrait of Prince
Rupert; The West Cloister ; The Morning Room; The Quadrangle. The
letterpress gives a short but good account of the architectural history of
the house. It is noted that in 1914 the north part of the house was altered
by the removal of Wyatt’s “ Gothic” porch, and its replacement by a porch
of Renaissance character, more in keeping with the house, and adding over
the outer doorway one large window, to let light into the hall. It is also
noted that the great family group by Van Dyck was painted in the double-
cube room where it now hangs, and out of which it has never been taken..
‘ Bridges Court, Luckington, the home of Colonel Stewart
Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles. 243
Menzies and Lady Alice Menzies. An old Wiltshire Farm House trans-
formed. An article in Zhe Queen, July 8th, 1925, pp. 20—22, with three
photos of the exterior and nine of the interior of the house, which has no
particular architectural features.
The Green Roads of England: by R. Hippisley
Cox. Twenty-four illustrations by W. Collins, R.I., nine maps in colour,
and one hundred and one plans. 2nd Edition. Revised and enlarged.
Methuen & Co. 1925. Price 10s. 6d. net. Pp. 196. ‘This contains a new
chapter on the South Downs, but the remainder of the book seems unaltered
from the 1st Edition, published in 1914, which was fully noticed in W.A.JL,
XXXVil1., 528—530. Reviewed Woltshire Gazette, April 17th, 1924.
Lavington. Littleton Mill. The Wiltshire Gazette, June
18th, 1925, contains a charming article by A. H. Wallace, entitled “ Idyllic
Days at Lavington,” on the birds that frequent the site of the Old Mill, for
generations the home of the Farmer family at Littleton, now marked only
by the Fishing Cottage. It seems to have been a paradise for birds, Grey
Wagtails, Kingfishers, Nuthatch, five species of Tits, Moorhen, Water Rail,
Green and Greater Spotted Woodpeckers, and four of the Owls, amongst
them. The curious method of fighting with their feet instead of their beaks
as they swim, adopted by the male Moorhens in the breeding season is
described, as well as their “ display ” on land when courting.
Thomas Stephens, of Bushton. “The Christian Puran
and its Author,” by the Rev. R. D. Acland, in 7’he Hast and The West,
July, 1924, pp. 204—212. This poem was completed in 1614, and a MS.
copy of it was discovered recently amongst the “ Marsden Papers” given
to the New School of Oriental Studies in 1917. This MS., unlike all other
known MSS. of the poem, in written in Devanagiri (or Marathi) script.
The Puran was written by Thomas Stephens probably the first Englishman
to visit, and certainly the first to live and die in, India. He reached India
in 1579, and stayed till he died in 1619. He was a missionary and a Jesuit.
Mr. Herbert Chitty proved in Wilts Arch. Mag., xxxii., 220, in an article
upon him, that he was really of Bushton, in Clyffe Pypard, and not, as the
Dict. of National Biography says, “of Bourton,” ‘The article in Hast and
West describes his voyage to India from a letter to his father, printed in
Hakluyt’s Voyages. Another letter of his is preserved in the National
Library at Brussels, written to his brother in 1583, concerning his missionary
work. Hewrotea Marathi Grammar and a Marathi “ Doctrina Christiana.”
The writer of the article concludes that Stephens was responsible both for
the Roman and Devanagiri texts of the Puran, and that a MS. Marathi
grammar, and another MS. which seems to be that of the “ Doctrina
| Christiana,” now in the Library of the School of Oriental Studies, are both
of them Stephens’s work. The discovery of these MSS. seems to be of
| < °
| considerable importance.
Lacock. A little bit of Medizval England. An
ae largely taken from Mr Aaron Watson’s account of Lacock published
244 Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles.
in the Wiltshire Gazette, appeared in North Wilts Herald, Dec. 24th, 1924,
with four badly-printed illustrations. The article is quite well put together,
dealing with the Abbey, before and after the dissolution, Fox Talbot’s
discovery of photography, &c. Some notice of Mr. Aaron Watson, now 2.
resident there, is given. He has been editor of the London “ Hecho” and
of other North of England papers, and was a member of the Northumberland
County Council and Vice-Chairman of the Fisheries Committee. .
Wiltshire Apprentices. A long list of Wilts Apprentices and
their Masters in 1712, 1720, 1730, 1731, is given in the Wiltshire Times, Jan.
17th, 1925.
Ford and Slaughterford. A few slight notes on these two
places, in the valley of the Weavern, as it is called at Slaughterford, or Box
Brook, or By Brook, as it is called at Castle Combe, appear in the Bristol
Observer, Jan. 10th, 1925, with three illustrations of Slaughterford—the
Church, Manor House, and Manor House Barn ; and one of the New Church
at Ford, builtin 1897. Slaughterford Church fell into ruin at the beginning
of the 17th century, and is so depicted by John Buckler at the beginning of
the 19th century (Buckler Drawings at Devizes), but was restored in 1823.
The now ruined Quaker Chapel and burial ground, of the 17th century, is.
noted.
Great Bedwyn. A usefularticle in North Wilts Herald, Jan. 30th,
1925, is derived from accounts of Bedwyn in the Wilts Arch. Mag., and
the list of Members of Parliament for the borough is copied in full. There
are decent illustrations of the Church and War Memoriai Cross, the Tomb
of Sir John Seymour and the School, and a portrait of Sir Felix Pole, the
General Manager of the G. W. Railway, who, though born in Ramsbury,
was educated at Bedwyn School, of which his father was master.
Purton, Glimpses of the Past Life of the Village.
North Wilts Herald, Jan. 9th, 1925. A useful paper, practically a resumé
of some of the principal contents of Mrs. Richardson’s book on Purton.
Early mention of Purton in charters, &c., Notes on the Church, the principal
houses, the connection of the Clarendons with College Farm, and the
interesting career of the present owner, Mr. C. J. Iles, who, beginning life
as a farm labourer, first rented the farm under Worcester College, and more
recently bought it, thus becoming owner of the most interesting house in —
the place, with its fine panelled rooms and carved oak mantelpieces. It is
noted that the large cedar in the grounds of Purton House was planted by
Sir George Hayter, portrait painter. ‘here are badly-printed illusts. of
the Church, College Farm (2), and the War Memorial Cross.
The Washingtons of Garsdon. Article in the North Wilts
Herald, Feb. 20th, 1925, with illustrations of the Rectory, Washington
Monument, Sir Lawrence Washington, and the Church. The epitaphs of
Sir Lawrence Washington, and his son Lawrence, and his widow, who |
Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles. 245
married Sir William Pargiter, of Grittworth (Northants), and gave the
Church plate, are printed., The plate disappeared, and for some time was
supposed to be stolen, but in 1814 an old man told Mr. Henry Newberry,
the curate, that anybody who looked in the Ghost’s Chamber at the Manor
House would find valuable silver there, and there the plate was found. A
replica of it is now used in St. John’s Cathedral, New York. ‘The story of
the Washington Mural Monument is also told. Taken down at the resto-
ration in 1855 and damaged, it lay in pieces for a long while in the Rectory
stables until an American was allowed by the then Rector, Dr. Gale, to
carry it off for transport to America. Before it actually left England Dr.
Grey, who had succeeded as Rector, interfered and got the monument stopped
at the port and brought back. It then lay in pieces in the Church until
Dr. H. C. Potter, D.D., Bishop of New York, who had the replica of the
chalice made, undertook the expense of restoring and replacing the monu-
ment on the wall.
Patricia Ellen, by ‘‘ Mary Wiltshire’ (Miss Isborn),
Mills & Boon, Limited, 49, Rupert Street, London, W 1. [1924 ]
Cr. 8vo, pp. 249. A novel, and an excellent one, the scene of which is
laid at Avebury, at Bristol, and at Cirencester, and at each place the actual
houses so well described really do exist, as the authoress tells us in the
prologue, though the persons who inhabit them are entirely fictitious. The
heroine is the daughter of the landlord of the Red Lion, at Avebury, she
lives and her artist husband dies during a great snowstorm in the lonely
cottage by the enclosure of Scotch firs on the left of the Devizes Koad three
quarters of a mile from the Beckhampton cross-roads. The “ local colour”
is singularly precise, and to those who know the neighbourhood every incident
in the story can be followed exactly—and what is true of Avebury is also
true of the Bristol and Cirencester portions. ‘‘ Mary Wiltshire” is a nom
de plume, the authoress is really a Devizes lady. A remarkable addition
to the list of Wiltshire books.
Ransom. By Anthony Richardson. London. Constable & Co.,
1925. Cr. 8vo. A novel. The opening section of the book is taken up
with the triumphant revisiting of his old school (Marlborough) by James
Brockenholt, who had twenty years before been expelled from it for flirting
with the tobacconist’s daughter, in the role of the generous benefactor.
The place itself, the master, the masters and their wives, are most vividly
described (though the author in the Wiltshire Gazette of April 2nd, 1925,
expressly denies that any of the characters in the book are drawn fon life).
The author, a Marlburian himself, is half a Wiltshireman, grandson of a
Salisbury man, and nephew of Mrs. Herbert Richardson, of Wilton, and
his wife is the seuad denier of Canon Baynham, of West Lavington.
Reviewed in Wiltshire Gazette, March 12th, 1925.
|
\
| In the Water Meadows, Rival Fishers. Short article
_ in The Times, Oct 24th, 1924, on the water meadows in autumn. No names
la are mentioned, but the scene is really that of Woodford, in the valley of the
| Salisbury Avon, and the writer is Gen. Sir G. Aston, K.C.B
246 Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles.
Biddestone. The Bristol Observer, Nov. 8th, 1924, has an article
on Biddestone, “ A Charming Wiltshire Village,” with four illustrations,
“The Rev. H. E. Ketchley at the Church Gate,” ‘‘The Church,” “ The
Vicarage,” “A Village Scene.” The Mountjoy Manor House, built about
1662 ; the older “ Barracks,” of which tradition says that Cromwell stayed
there on his way to Bristol and Ireland ; and other old houses in the -
village ; the Church with its Norman door and curious bell turret, and pews
of the time of @. Anne, are shortly mentioned.
The Collar of S.S. In a paper read to the Dorset Nat. Hist.
and Ant. Field Club, March 25th, 1924, and reprinted as an 8vo pamphlet,
pp. 20, Canon J. M. J. Fletcher gives an excellent account of ‘‘The 8.8.
Collar in Dorset and elsewhere.” He summarises what has been written
on the subject by others, gives a number of quotations of the early men-
tion of the collar, discusses the origin and meaning of the 8.8, and gives a
list of effigies, brasses, &c., in which the ornament is shown from 1371 to
1665, 86 in number, from all parts of England. This does not pretend to be
a complete list, however. Wiltshire is represented only by the three ex-
amples in Salisbury Cathedral, the effigy of Sir John Cheney 1609, that of
Lord Robert Hungerford 1459, and the mural tablet of Sir Robert Hyde,
Chief Justice of the Common Pleas, who died 1666. There is a good
illustration of the Hungerford effigy showing the S.S. collar very clearly.
Wansdyke on Odd Down (Som.). Quarrying at Wans-
dyke Quarry on the course of the dyke exposed a section of it, 8ft. 6in.
deep, 16ft. across at the top, and 5ft. wide at the bottom, cut here in the
solid rock. ‘Iwo photographs and a short account of the section of the
dyke here are given in 7’he Bath Herald, May 5th, and The Bath Chronicle
of May 38rd, 1924, which also gives a photograph. Mr. Passmore’s theory
that the dyke was constructed by the Romano-British people after the de-
parture of the Roman troops as a defence against the invading hordes of
Picts and Scots pressing southwards from the north is mentioned.
‘Phe Wishford legend of seven at a birth. The
tradition in connection with the tomb of Sir Thomas Bonham in Wishford
Church that seven of his children were born at one birth, and were brought
to Church in a sieve to be christened, is recalled by a note in Man, Sept.,
1921, where N. W. Thomas, M.A., writing from the Yoruba conntry, West
Africa, says “ Seven are said to have been born at once in Ibadar in 1907,
and an eye- -witness certified the fact tome. In view of the well-attested
case of six at a birth on the Gold Coast, attended by an English medical
man, there seems no reason to doubt the story.”
The 2nd Battalion Wiltshire Regiment. Cen-
tenary Celebration at Bangalore. The Wiltshire Gazette,
Dec. 11th, 1924, has a full account of the festivities which marked the cele-
bration of the centenary of the 2nd Battalion (the old 99th) in India on
Noy. 13th, 14th, and 15th, 1924, and reprints the history of the formation
and service of the Battalion from the History of the Regiment by Col.
Gillson.
Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles. 247
Edward Wyndham Tennant (killed in action Sept. 22nd,
1916). A charming short article by M, K. Swayne Edwards on the per-
sonality and the poetry of this young soldier who died before he was 20,
appeared in the Wiltshire Gazette, Sept. 18th, 1924.
In some Wiltshire Byways. By M. K. Swayne Edwards.
A series of eleven articles in the Wiltshire Gazette, July 10th to Sept. 25th,
on Cycle Rides round Marlborough, Avebury, Silbury, Pertwood, Hindon,
Imber, and the Plain, and South Wilts valleys generally. Pleasantly written
disconnected talks on whatever happened to come into the authoress’ head
as she rode or pushed her cycle over the Wiltshire Downs.
Steeple Ashton. The Story ofa Disaster. Article in
The Bristol Observer, Aug. 23rd, 1924. A description of the Church and
the fall of the steeple, and notes on the buildings of the original house of
the middle of the 13th century, still incorporated in the present vicarage.
Incidentally in an account of the old process of threshing by hand it is
mentioned that the two sections of the flail were joined together by thongs
of eel skin, as being the most flexible and durable material available. ‘There
are three poorly-printed illustrations of the Church, Vicarage, and.“ The
Old Oak House.”
Highworth, Geology. ‘Oxford Oolites. Wilts and Berks.
Representative Sequences. By W. J. Arkell.” Reprinted from Type
Ammonites, vol. v. Feb., April, 1925, pp. 55—61, gives sequences of the
beds of the old quarries and sand pits north of Redlands Court, High-
worth, and one mile 8.E. of Highworth, with their characteristic fossils. It
is much to be wished that other geologists would work out the beds in their
own localities as carefully as Mr. Arkell.
Lord Lansdowne. The 7imes of Jan. 14th, 1925, on the occasion
of Lord Lansdowne’s 80th birthday, had a long article on his political
career, especially as Foreign Secretary 1900—1905, and the part he took in
laying the foundation of the entente with France.
Some Flint Tools ofthe IronAge. Asingular series.
By the Rev. H. G. O. Kendall, F.S.A. Antiquaries Journal,
Vol. V., April, 1925, pp. 158—163.
Dr. Blackmore some years ago discovered “on top of Laverstock Down.
a hitherto unknown series of flint tools, turned up by the plough, which he
named “ Rectangular.” Mr. Kendall proceeds to describe and illustrate, in
eleven figures, the characteristics of these flints with much minuteness, and
concludes that they are not earlier than the Early Iron Age. ‘ Mr. and Mrs.
Cunnington have been able to show, by their recent excavations, that Figs-
bury Ring, 12 miles from Laverstock Down, is of the Iron Age, and on the
flat bottom of the wide inner ditch, beneath 2ft. to 3ft. of chalk rubble and
accumulated soil, they found a pile of about a hundred tools and a hun-
dred flakes of the ‘ Rectangular,’ series ; evidently made on the spot.”
“The whole evidence obtained shows that the ‘ Ring’ is of the Iron Age.”
These flints do not occur scattered over the surface as other types do, “ but
248 Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles.
are found in quantity at certain spots.” Dr. Blackmore found them at
Dean Hill, and at Petersfinger, near Salisbury, and Mr. Keiller dug quanti-
ties out of one side of a supposed barrow near Juniper Down. Mr. Kendall
mentions the theories that these flints are merely waste flakes, or that they
are waste gunflints, but denies that they “are in part cores” whence a
particular kind of flake was struck, and in part tools.”
‘‘“The Stones of Stonehenge. By E H. Stone.
1924,”’ is reviewed by the Rev. G. H. Engleheart in The Antiquaries”
Journal, April, 1925. Vol. V., pp. 198—200.
Short account of the History and Architecture of
Aldbourne Church, by authority of the Parochial
Church Council. Marlborough, 1925. Pamphlet, 8vo.,
pp. 12. This little account was compiled to meet the want of a guide book
for visitors to the Church. ‘The architectural notes are an abstract of Mr.
Ponting’s account in Wilts Arch. Mag., xlii., 561, and to these fuller notes
are added on the Bells and Church Plate, Lists of the Vicars and Curates,
a few extracts from Churchwarden’s Accounts, a note on the Dedication
(formerly to St. Mary Magdalen but now to St. Michael). An account of
the Church and the work of restoration reprinted from the Marlborough
Times, Aug. 22nd. 1867, with a note on more recent alterations, complete a
very useful booklet.
Marlborough and its Memorial Hall. Article in
Country Life, May 16th, 1925, pp. 755—758, with eight illustrations. C.
House, the nucleus of the College ; General View of Memorial Hall, showing
lay-out in relation to Chapel; Proscenium and Stage Curtain; Looking
across the Hall; Detail showing Inner Porch and Ambulatory; The
Colonnade in sharp perspective; Plan; and Detail showing Names cut in
Stone on drum wall of Ambulatory. A very short sketch of the history of
the place and school is an introduction to a short description of the new
hall. The architect was Lt.-Col. W. G. Newton, M.C., the competition
having been limited to Old Marlburians. Seven hundred and forty-nine
names of Marlborough men who fell in the war are cut upon the drum wall.
Marlborough College War Memorial. Opening by the
~ Duke of Connaught. A full report of the proceedings, with two views of
the exterior of the Hall, and an account of the building, appeared in the
Wiltshire Gazette, May 28th, 1925.
Recollections of Rushall. By Mrs. F. T. Blyth, of Bankop,
Ermelo, Transvaal. Wiltshire Gazette, May 28th, 1925.
Well-written reminiscences of the everyday events of childhood at Rushall,
where the writer lived in “ The Cottage.” ‘lhe Mummers, “ Duck’s Veast”
at the Charlton Cat, for which a Charlton man “in a weird headdress said
to be a duck,” went round to solicit subscriptions in the neighbourhood, in
honour of Stephen Duck the poet, and the visit of the Truffle Dogs are
Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles. 249
recalled. The latter were “little fluffy white dogs,” who scratched up the
truffles under the beeches. The ‘Stock tree,” a large elm, is mentioned.
The family occupied the Manor Pew, with its chairs, tables, and stove,
in the Church. The writer signs herself Priscilla.
Water Supply to Farms. Inthe Wiltshire Gazette, Sept. 3rd,
1925, is printed in full a long and interesting address by T. Ward Whitfield,
E.S.1., F.G.S., the Wilts County Drainage Surveyor and Water Engineer,
which was broadcasted from Bournemouth Station. Speaking of Battlesbury
Camp, he says that in the sides of the trench cut for a water pipe through
the centre of the camp three years ago, he noticed a couple of dark veins
about 18in. below the surface, the substance of which resembled clay that
had been puddled, and he suggests that this marks the spot of a prehistoric
water reservoir. As regards the deep wells on the chalk downs, he remarks,
“Until a few years ago water was sometimes raised from deep wells by
means of a large wooden wheel which revolved on a beam or drum, which
formed a windlass from which a bucket was suspended, the water was raised
by a donkey, trained to walk inside the wheel in a manner similar to the
old tread-mill. What I understand to be the last of these wheels in actual
use, Wiltshire was removed only a few months ago from a farm on the
dov Wat Coombe Bissett; the donkey has been relieved of his duties by
one of'he latest type of water elevators.” ‘The depth of this well is said to
be 270 feet. Mr. Whitfield does not mention it, but a similar wheel existed
at the Manor Farm, Broad Hinton, until two or three years ago, but this
also has given way to modern machinery. As to water divining the lecturer
appears to keep an open mind. Coming to dew ponds he remarks that
so far from the art of making these being dead, during the last four years
no less than sixty-five dew ponds have been made or renovated on the
Wiltshire downs, in connection with the Government scheme for the relief
of unemployment. “There is no mystery as to the method by which these
ponds are made or as to how they collect and accumulate water from the
air.” As the warm air passes over the colder surface of the dew pond, its
moisture is condensed and replenishes the pond. “‘lhese ponds are con-
structed in the following manner :—‘“‘ A hole or saucer-shaped pit is first
excavated to a depth of about 8ft. in the centre; clay is then obtained, well
puddled, trodden, and beaten flat over the excavated surface; a coat of
lime is then spread on this, slaked, and lightly beaten until the surface
» becomes smooth and shiny. A second coat is applied about half an inch
thick, this is wetted and faced. A protecting layer of straw, incidentally
@ non-conductor of heat, is then laid over the surface and covered with
rubble and rough earth to a depth of about nine inches, the latter to form
a protective surface.”
Collections in Wilts for Relief of the persecuted
Waldensians during the Commonwealth. A list of the
contributions of many parishes to the appeal by the minister, and the
subsequent house-to-house collection ordered by the Lord Protector, is
printed in Wiltshire Times, Aug. 8th, 1925.
250 Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles,
The Local Distribution of the Folk Song and
Folk Music. Article by Alfred Williams, in Wiltshire Gazette, Aug.
6th, 1925. Mr. Williams points out that the fact that the latest edition of
the Handbook on Folk Song and Dance attributes the great majority of
the 340 titles of songs, &c., given in its pages to Somerset, whilst only three
each are allotted to Wilts, Gloucester, and Oxfordshire, gives an entirely
erroneous idea as to the superior richness of Somerset in the matter of folk
songs. He says that with very few exceptions he found the whole of the
songs attributed to Somerset common also in Wilts and Oxfordshire. He
doubts whether any place in the country could have been more addicted to
folk song than Cricklade and Bampton were formerly, where, at the singing
contests held in the village inns, individual singers were accustomed to sing
for twelve or even eighteen hours at a stretch, and to have a fresh piece
each time. Mr. Williams says that from his own personal experience he
has found that the majority of the songs he collected in the Upper Thames
Valley are known and sung in Hssex, and even in County Cork, and round
Festiniog, in North Wales.
George Herbert. A Brief Biography. An article ina
Yorkshire paper, reprinted in Wiltshire Gazette, June 11th, 1925.
The Poet Gay and Wiltshire. The Wiltshire Times, June
17th, 1925, has a short article on Gay’s connexion with the Duke and
Duchess of Queensberry, and Amesbury, quoting a letter of his from
Amesbury, on Nov. 8th, 1730, in which he writes, “ I remember your pre-
scription, and 1 do ride upon the Downs and at present I have no asthma.
I have killed five brace of partridges and four and a half brace of quails.”
He would have to ride a long way on the Downs now before he could repeat
his bag of quails.
Kington St. Michael. An article on John Aubrey and John
Britton with some account of their lives and writings, and badly-printed
photos of the Church, Priory Farm, Almshouses, and Memorial Tablet to
John Britton appeared in The Bristol Observcr, Dec. 6th, 1924.
Gorsham..§ An article in Worth Wilts Herald, Jan. 23rd, 1925, with
illustrations of the Church, Court, and Flemish houses, has a few notes on
the place, but is chiefly devoted to its oldest inhabitants headed by Lord
Methuen and Mr. G. P. Fuller. A number of others are mentioned by name,
and in support of the character given to the place for the longevity of its
people it is noted that the ages of the six women inmates of the Almhouse
amount to 512 years.
Stourhead. An article on “ The Beauty of Big Trees,” by E. H. M.
Cox, in Country Life, April 18th, 1925, pp. 592—594, with four admirable
photographs of the chain of lakes and the trees round them does justice to
what are undoubtedly the most beautiful grounds in the County of Wilts,
and more especially to the collection of magnificent trees to be seen there
at their very best. It is good to learn that Sir Henry Hoare is not only
t tr is eer
————
Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles. 201
bent on preserving the existing collection in the highest possible condition
but is adding to it continually by the planting of fresh species. Stourhead
as the writer points out is an ideal place for the growth and display of big
trees at their best.
The Somerset Dukedom. The Times, March 26th, 1925, had
an article on the decision of the Committee of Privileges of the House of
Lords that Brig.-Gen. Sir Edward Hamilton Seymour had made good his
claim to succeed his distant cousin, Sir Algernon St. Maur, 15th Duke,who
died Oct., 1923, as 16th Duke of Somerset. It describes the case as one of
the most fascinating and romantic peerage cases that have ever come before
the committee, gives an account of the curious marriage on Sept. 3rd, 1787,
of Col. Francis Seymour with Leonora Hudson, widow of a Woolwich
publican and sailor, which has been proved to be regular, and gives some
account of the “ Fortunes of the Seymours,” and the career of the Lord
Protector.
ADDITIONS TO MUSEUM AND LIBRARY.
Museum.
Presented by Mr. C. E. Ponrine, F.S.A.: Roman Coin found at Stanley
Copse, Lockeridge.
» Mr. J. Scanes: Case of Casts of Seals of Maiden Bradley
Priory. Large specimen of Fossil Wood, from the base
of the Chalk, at Dead Maid Quarry, Mere.
» Capt. B. H. Cunnineton : Oil Stove for use in Museum and
Library. Drinking Cup of Bronze Age, from Beck-
hampton.
» Mr. Percy Farrer: Tanged Iron Knife, found with skeleton
at Tilshead (?Medizval or later. A fragment of
mineral coal was found amongst the ribs).
39
99
Library.
Presented by Tue AutnHor, W. J. ARKELL: “Oxford Oolites, Wilts and
Berks. Representative Sequences. Reprinted from
Type Ammonites V., Feb.—April, 1925.”
» [HE AutTHorR, Mr. G. Lanspown: ‘Castle Combe with
Hight L[llustrations.” 1925. ‘The White Horses of
Wiltshire. War Badges on the Wiltshire Downs.” 1925.
» Mrs. Buxton: Deeds and copies of Wills, connected with
Tockenham and the Jacob Family.
252
Additions to Lnbrary.
Presented by Mr. Ropert Swyer: A number of volumes of the Saleshoney
93
99
99
Journal, 1788 to 1830.
» Mr. C. Haskins: Tickets for concert at Salisbury in aid of
widows, &c., of men who fell at the Battle of the Nile,
1798.
» THE AutHorR, Mr. E. H. Strong, F.S.A.: “ The Orientation
of Stonehenge.” Article in Mineteeth Century, Sept.,
1925. “The Story of Stonehenge,” reprinted from
Wiltshire Gazette.
» LHE AuTHoR, Mrs Cunnincton: A Thames Pick of Iron
Age date.” Excerpt from Man, Sept., 1925.
» THE AutHor, “ Fay INcHFAWN”: ‘The Adventures of a
Homely Woman.” 1925.
» Mr. T. H. CHANDLER: “Short account of the History and
Architecture of Aldbourne Church.” Pamphlet, 1925.
» CHE AuTHoR, Mr. V. S. Manutgy: “ Warminster. Official
Guide and Souvenir issued by authority of the Warmin-
ster Urban District Council,” &c., 1924.
» Rev. W. H. Tozer : The Doctrine of the Trinity, by Joseph
Trapp, D.D., Rector of Dauntsey.
» THE PUBLISHERS, Messrs. Dent: “ Bristol, Bath, and Malmes-
bury,” 1925.
» THE AuTHoR, Major P. T. GopsaL; “The Conquests of
Ceawlin, the second Bretwalda.” 1925.
» [HE EARL OF PEMBROKE (through Mr. O. G. S. CRAWFoRD) :
Several more old Wilton Estate Maps.
Mr. J. J. Suave: Wiltshire Estate Sale Catalogues, Wilts
Pamphlets, and Illustrations.
Rev. E. H. Gopparp: Wood’s “ Athenss Oxonienses.’’ Bliss’s
Edition, 1813—20, 4 vols., 4to. Wiltshire Portraits, Cut-
tings, Scraps, &e. 2
, Messrs. Simpson : Half cost of Vol. VIII. of Wilts Notes and
Querves.
REv. CaNon KNUBLEY : Several back numbers of the Magazine.
Rev. J. K. Ftover: MS. Index to the Register of Downton,
1599— 1656.
, THE AuTHOR, Mr. AARoN Watson (of Lacock): “A News-
paper Man’s Memories.” 1925.
——
€ G OLSF
St Ul
G GI 9€
L 8 GE
Oe Tk el
O07. I
6 FI IG
0 0 9
€ VI 996
6 61 GI
os oe SINAWHASY ASST TOM E22 9) gs
a as ee ee ee eee as
SUG 7 US[S¥IT “] ‘sissoy 09 JuowIALT
1Of PUNY JUSWasIe[Uy UNnesn]_ Wodjenp “
8 a F261 ‘ISIE Joquisoeq, ‘aouvpeq
Aynvag [vinjeNy pue 4yso10quyT
[POLMOISIFy JO seov[q JO} qsnay, [eUOeN ‘0731q
SETJO1D0G [VoISo;ORYoIY Jo ssoisuog 09 uoI4dtosqne
“" UOISSTMIUOZ) puv Arv[eg s Arvjo100g [vIOUeUT
Joy eyo1ey) Whesn yy Jo Aivpeg
ooo ese
O- Ol Silk °° WI ‘ON
SS OU 0 or OFI ‘ON
‘Pp ‘SS JF —soulzesvyy 10} ‘os ‘sulavisuy ‘Suryuwg
eee : eee eee sosuodxy
SNOSULI[EOSIIY pur ‘seseysog ‘seselIIeD ‘AJaUu0IeIG
€ & OLEF
L Ol 9 "* PZ6l “FS1E ‘ood ‘UoIyeIaUNUIAyT
SAeyejoreyy jo uomiodoid suteq
‘pun | JUeWlesiel Uy cuNnasn Jy UOJ puNnjory
bye 89 ae qSoloqu] 4007Q AVA, PUY yu
LD && aire SUIJOIY [PNUUY JO spssdo1g
(6) Pp eee eo0 eco IO[Y jo a[e9
It OI St au SOUIZVSBIY PU SYOOY Jo sa[eg
Ole CR VEG"
OI 91 6 pung diqsieqmoeyy ofl] wWosj-Jojsuery,
0 4 P@Z SuoTIdIIoOsqna [enuUY pur seeq oOURIyUY
SidTHORd
PA Gl ee ses PS6I ‘481 Arenuesr ‘oouvleq
‘LNQOOOV IVYANAD
PCG6L ICO XK oyy 10J SJUNOI VY
ALAIOS AYOLSIH TVYNLVYN ANV TVIDOIOHHOUV SAYIHSL TNA
G I 16 ece aoe PCE 1 ‘AS1e 19q W909] ‘goueleq G eco eco occ ese qSo10quy yueg
Oy 0 i tie a Aveiqry pue Winesn | 10} soseyoung Arpung 9 9-<e6id as ay PEEL “4ST Arenuep ‘oouepeg
Ds Ff : 2 OS
‘GNOd ASVHOUNd WOASNAW
OL LI Seles OL At Sele
| Oe ite oe su0g a UIST “T ‘SASSO 09 JUOTH
One eGem ig PEGI ‘ISTE Joquisoeg ‘souryeg -Aeq JO oourleq J0J puny [eiouey) 03 onp qunowy
OL O PSI SUOTZVIO4[Y JO JUNIO" UO ‘sUOG ® Us[SeW “] ‘susso CAO ICO nas os? qso10jUT 39090 IVA pue yueg
0 Ol 9 eee eco Or UOI}VIOUNUIOY 8,19 484 0 (6) el eee eoe SULOOY § loyejoler) jo Jug
“ale Jo uosodoid jo punjey ‘yunosoy [ersuey) HO} 665-1: eee PCGL ‘4ST Avenues ‘soured
0p Sara ‘SINTNWASANASIG ‘p “8 = " “SLdIFOaa : :
CNOA LNAWHOYVINY WOAHSNW
I OL GILF Tt OL 6LI1F
QO) 0: 68) 60 PEEL ‘ISLE Jequieceq, ‘souvleg
IT OL O€
(0) SI i ooo aee eee eee wWnesn fy
qe syoogd jo e[¥G uo UOISsTMWOZ ‘piOjSsutsdg ‘siqy
QUA sear “* gUBAO WOI} sofolJry Jo souvAaau0g
eee eae 068 300 50 selupung yO @- ‘bsy ‘s1equioyog “y 94”] oy Aq ysonbeg
0 F PI vee 0 eyOO pur ‘197B AA ‘SB O201e tee pe oe ** SOfPTJAY JO s[eg
on : ae ae op sseAo[duy S65 Che = ae as SONSOl[LIVO JO 9[VG
Om gO Ta: a “ UMIWeIg eoUueINSsUy oly O AL EL "* xog UL SUOTJVUOG pu Wnesny{ 03 suOoIssIUpYy
(Chr Cee ae er Wnesn jy UO XBT, pueTy] puv Aynq ssnoy S) Oa 205 see re -* guOTydIuOsqna
Ces eee es ALvIgry pue wnesnjy 09 suoIppy ‘OLdIGOUY
0 ZI ie og ese) MOYY JO JOLIoyU] SulyuIed 7 We Og ee coe ree PO6L “IST ‘uve ‘oouRleg
Pee od ‘SINHWAHSYNASIG es ay
‘GNOA FONVNELNIVW WOWSOK
Yes)
Ven)
N
S110 I1¢9 $11 0 1c¢%
i
i ||
fo th Or 2° ee be61 ‘ASTg lequio0eqy ‘e0UeTeg -
o) G sce ss “ SUIggno ssely)
0 ¢ sig syofqdueg UO UOISSIUIWOD Ges Glee = pa “pros syorydureg
Cael BoE oave[ sey | ost CDOT OSL ‘HOA CO UIS CEQ ea size oe "$907 SIO}STA
0 0 & JayezOIeY) 40 0 Sh gy S261 “ISIE Joquisoeq ‘eoueleq
‘ps F ‘SINEWASY 0asIa p 8 F "SLdIGOGa
‘PZGL ‘ISTE Jequieseq suUIpUS Ivo oY} JOJ yUNODDYV
‘NOUVd GHLIL NOAV-NO-GYOAadVYd
fi.D79.009S) porowpursy S.4020Dn F \< SNIMdOH WM = ‘GZ6T ‘JoqmeaoN YITT
NHMO CIAVG ‘NQTAVM 'V 'S ' “490I400 punoj pav peyipny
é@ 61 LIE 6 6 LIF
Chale Ole ie a PEI ‘4STE Jequisoeq] ‘eoue[ ed
) OR : quays) jo uoulIg (ete ea Fee 00 3 BoC ** 4SeloqUT YI09G puv yueg
doysiq jo oaedeies jo soidoo 10f pred qyunowy [iter (ey es ““bZ6L 48, Alenuee ‘sourleq
Ds F ‘p 8 :
‘ANO4A INHHO AO NOWIS dOHSIGd JO JaLsoud :
i)
9 8 86% 9 86F S
OA0RtG 2s ae ee SUOIJdIIISqnYg OMT, i
9 il S8.-"* _ FE6I 9818 Joequiseoeq ‘Yue ssulaeg ul souRleg C205 Ge a 2 om qSoloquy yUuvg ssulaeg =
OL9lgé oc qUNODOW [vlouay 04 yu94- suo Bb SiGe er 900 ** HET “4st Arenuee ‘oourled 34
LEG ’ BP 8 & 3
‘GNO4 dIHSYadqWaN BAIT S
i}
|
|
|
|
}
|
256
[Any Member whose name or address is incorrectly printed in this List is
requested to communicate with the Financial Secretary, Mr. D. Owen,
Bank Chambers, Devizes. ]
WILTSHIRE
Archeological and Natural WMistory Society.
DECEMBER,
ZS),
Patron:
THe Most Hon. THE Marquis or LANspowne, K.G.
President :
W. Hewarp Bett, Esq., F.G.S., E.S.A.
Vice-Presidents :
The Most Hon. The Marquis of
Bath, K.G
The Right Rev. Bishop G. Forrest |
Browne, F.§.A.
Trustees :
The Most Hon the Marquis of Lansdowne, K. G.
The Most Hon. the bean: of Bath, K.G.
W. Heward Bell, Esq.,
G. P. Fuller, Esq.
'G.S., FSA.
The Committee consists of the following Members, in addition to the
Honorary Officers of the Society :
J. I. Bowes, Esq., Devizes
Mrs. B. H. Cunnington, Devizes
O. G. S. Crawford, Esq., F.S A.,
Ordnance Survey, Southampton
Canon P. Knubley, Steeple
Ashton Vicarage, Trowbridge
The Right Hon. The Earl of Kerry,
20, Mansfield Street, London, W1
A. D. Passmore, Esq., Wood Street,
Swindon
E. H. Stone, Esq., F.S.A., Zhe |
Retreat, Devizes
G.S. A. Waylen, Esq., Long Street,
Devizes |
J. D. Crosfield, Esq., 20, Castle |
Bar Road, Ealing, London, W5 \f
C. W. Pugh, Esq., Hadleigh Cot- §
tage, Devizes
Honorary General Secretary and Librarian :
Rev. E. H. Goddard, Clyffe Vicarage, Swindon
Honorary Curator of Museum, and Meeting Secretary :
B. H. Cunnington, Esq., F.S.A. (Scot.), Devizes
List of Members. 57,
Honorary Local Secretaries :
Dr. R. C. C. Clay, F.S.A., Fovant
Manor, Salisbury
R. 8. Ferguson, Esq., Alm Grove,
alne
Sir F. H. Goldney, Bart., Beechfield,
Corsham
H. C. Brentnall, Esq., Granham
West, Marlborough
Rev. H. E. Ketchley, Bzddestone
Kectory, Chippenham
Rev. Canon F. H. Manley, Great
Somerford Rectory,Chippenham
Frank Stevens, Esq., F.S.A., Zhe
Museum, Salisbury
Basil H. A. Hankey, Esq., Stanton
Manor, Chippenham
Honorary Treasurer :
The Right Hon. The Earl of Kerry, 20, Mansfield Street, London, W. 1
Honorary Auditors:
G.S. A. Waylen, Esq., Devizes
W. M. Hopkins, Esq., Devizes
Financial Secretary :
Mr, David Owen, F.C.A., Bank Chambers, Devizes
List oF Socteties &c., IN UNION WITH THE
Wiltshire Archeological and Natural History Society
Por interchange of Publications, &e.
Society of Antiquaries of London
Royal Archzological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland
British Archeological Association
Society of Antiquaries of Scotland
| Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland
| Kent Archzological Society
Somerset Archeological Society
Essex Archeological Society
Essex Field Club
Hampshire Field Club
Bristol and Gloucestershire Archeological Society
Herts Natural History Society and Field Club
Powysland Club
East Riding Antiquarian Society, Yorks
nel
Kast Herts Archeological Society
Cotteswold Naturalists’ Field Club
United States Geological Survey
Bureau of Ethnology, Washington, D.C., United States
Dorset Natural History and Antiquarian Field Club
| Surrey Archeological Society
Society of Antiquaries of Newcastle-on-Tyne
Lancashire and Cheshire Antiquarian Society
Carmarthenshire Antiquarian Society
Sussex Archzeological Society
|
| Society for Promotion of Roman Studies
|
|
258° = List of Members.
LIST OF MEMBERS, JANUARY, 1926.
Hon. Member:
Kite, Edward, Longcroft Road, Devizes.
life Members:
Bath, The Most Hon. The Marquis
of, Longleat, Warminster
Crewe,The Most Hon.The Marquis
of, K.G., Crewe Hall, Crewe
Fitzmaurice, The Right Hon, Lord,
Leigh, Bradford-on-Avon
Howitt, Dr. A. B., 15, Chesham
Street, Belgrave Square, S.W. 1
Kidston, G., 19, St. James’ Square,
London, S.W. 1
Keiller, Alex, F.S.A.Scot.,4 Charles
Street, London, W. 1
Lansdowne, The Most Hon. The
Marquis of, Bowood, Calne
Maurice, Mrs. Thelwall, Burbage,
Wilts.
Pembroke & Montgomery, The
Right Hon. The Earl of, Wilton
House, Salisbury
Penruddocke, C., Compton Park,
Salisbury
Radnor, The Right Hon. The Earl
of, Longford Castle, Salisbury
Rule, Ivan T., Nunton, Nr. Salis-
bury
Walmesley, John, Lucknam, Chip-
penham
Wendaevortt Rev. Chancellor, St.
Nicholas’ Hospital, Salisbury
Annual Subscribers :
aCourt, Captain The Hon. Holmes,
R.N., Bishopstrow, Warminster
Adderley Library, Librarian of,
The College, Marlborough
Ailesbury, The Most Hon. The
Marquis of, Savernake Forest,
Marlborough
Antrobus, Sir Cosmo, Bart., Ames-
bury Abbey, Amesbury, Salis-
bury
heatcas J. L., Marlborough Col-
lege, Marlboroug h
Arkell, W.J., New Sollee Oxford
Armin, F. El, H., 17, Market Place,
Devizes
Armour, G. Denholm, Corsham,
Wilts
Aston, Major-General Sir George,
K.C.B., Court House, Woodford,
Salisbury
Avebury, ‘I'he Right Hon. Lord, 15,
Lombard Street, London, E.C. 3
Awdry, Mrs. C. L., Hitchambury,
aplow
Awadry, Lt.-Col. R.W., Little Chev-
erell, Devizes
Baker, Kington, 11,Sheridan Road,
Merton Park, London, 8.W., 19
Barrett, W. H.,76, Marshfield Road,
Chippenham
Barton, Miss F. M., Rest Harrow,
Little Cheverel], Devizes
Bateson, Col. Frank, Manor House,
Great Cheverell, Devizes
Bateson, Mrs., Manor House, Great
Cheverell, Devizes
Bath Corporation Library, Bath
Bayliffe, Chas. M., Rose Dale,
Woodland Road, Clevedon, Som.
Bell, W. Heward, F.G.S., F.S.A.,
Cleeve House, Seend, Melksham
Bell, Lt.-Col. W. C. Heward, R.F.A.,
Junior Carlton Club, London
Biggs, Mrs. Yeatman, ‘Long Hall,
Stockton, Codford, Wilts
Bingham, Col. D. A., Tristernagh,
Potterne, Devizes
Bird, Herbert, Trowle Cottage,
Trowbridge
Bird, W. R., 125, Goddard Avenue,
Swindon
Bird, W. Hobart, New Club, Chel-
tenham, Glos.
Birmingham Free Libraries, Rat-
cliffe Place, Birmingham
Bishop, E., 24, Westlecott Road,
Sodon
Blackmore, Dr. H. P., Vale House,
Salisbur
Blease, H. F., Snellbrook, Staver-
ton, Trowbridge
List of Members. 259
Bodington, Ven. Archdeacon, The
Vicarage, Calne
Booth, Mrs., Ebbesbourne Wake,
Salisbury
Borough, R. J. M., Market Laving-
ton, Devizes
Bourne, Rev. Canon G. H., D.C.L.,
St. Edmund’s College, Salisbury
Bouverie, HK. O. P., F.S.A., Hope-
cote, Coombe Down, Bath
Bouverie, Miss A. Pleydell, The
Old House, Market Lavington,
Devizes
Bowes, J. I., Dormer Cottage,
Devizes
Bowes, W. H. B., Elms Farm,
Malash, Canterbury, Kent
Bown, W. L., Enderly, Clarendon,
Trowbridge
Bradford, Miss M. W., St. Amand’s,
Adderbury, Banbury, Oxon.
Brakspear, H., F.S.A., Pickwick
Manor, Corsham
Brassey, Lt.-Col. Edgar, Dauntsey
Park, Chippenham
Brentnall, H. C., Granham West,
Marlborough
Briggs, Admiral Sir C. J., K.C.B.,
BKiddestone, Chippenham
Brocklebank, Rev. J. W. R., Long-
bridge Deverill, Warminster
Brooke, J. W., 21, The Green,
Marlborough
Brooke, W. de Leighton, Sandfield,
Potterne, Devizes
Buchanan, Walter,20, Moore Street,
Cadogan Square, London,S.W. 3
Bucknill, Mrs. L. M., Cricklade,
__ Wilts
Burdett, Miss M. C. F., 883,
| Elizabeth Street, Eaton Square,
Sees: WV. 1
_ Burgess, Rev. C. F., Easton Grey
| Vicarage, Malmesbury
| Burmester, Capt. A. C., Newtown
_ Lodge, Hungerford
Burrow, E. J., Wayside, London
j Road, Cheltenham
Bury, Rev. Ernest, All Saints’
_ Vicarage, Branksome Park,
__ Bournemouth
' Bush, J. E., The Cabin, Melksham
| Bush, T. S., 20, Camden Crescent,
i} Bath
‘Butler, Sir R. R. F., Bart., c/o
| David Owen & Co., Bank Cham-
bers, Devizes
|
|
}
|
Buxton, Gerald J., Tockenham
Manor, Swindon
Byron, Mrs., Savernake Lodge,
Marlborough
Caillard, Sir Vincent H. P., Wing-
field House, Trowbridge
Calderwood, J. L., The Hermitage,
Swindon
Calley, Major-General T. C. P.,
C.B., M.V.O., Burderop Park,
Swindon
Calne Public Library, Calne, Wilts
Canner, Rev. J. T., Chitterne
Vicarage, Codford, Wilts
Canning, Col. A., Restrop House,
Purton, Wilts
Cary, Lt.-Com. Henry, R.N.,
Newton House, Rowde, Devizes
Cattarns, RK., Great Somerford,
Chippenham
Chicago University General
Library, per Messrs. Bb. F.
Stevens & Brown, 1, Trafalgar
Square, W.C. 2
Chubb, Sir C. H. E., Bart., Silver-
lands, Chertsey
Clapham, Capt. J. T., 8, Homefield
Road, Wimbledon Common,
London, S.W. 19
Clarke, Rev. A. H. T., The Rectory,
Devizes
Clarke, Rev. C.P.S., Donhead St.
Andrew Rectory, Salisbury
Clark-Maxwell, Rev. Preb. W. G.,
F.S.A., St. Leonard’s Rectory,
Bridgnorth
Clay, Dr. RK. C. C., F.S.A., Manor
House, Fovant, Salisbury
Clifton, The Right Rev. The Lord
Bishop of, St. Ambrose, Leigh
Woods, Bristol
Codrington, Commander C. A.,
R.N., Wroughton House, Swin-
don
Cole, Clem, Calne, Wilts
Cole, Dr. 8S. J., Campfield, Devizes
Collis-‘Sands, Miss, Park Cottage,
Devizes
Colville, H. K., The Lodge, Hil-
marton, Calne
Combs, D., Dinton, Salisbury
Congress, I.ibrary of, Washington
D.C,, U.S.A., per Messrs. E. G.
Allen & Son, Ltd., 12 & 14, Grape
Street, Shaftesbury Avenue,
London, W.C. 2
260 List of Members.
Copeland, G. W., 13, Milton Road,
Swindon
Cooper, Mrs., King’s Leigh, 191,
Walescce Lane, Brondesbury,
N.W
Couthops, Miss EK. J., Brookfield,
Wadhurst, Sussex
Coward, Edward,Southgate House,
Devizes
Coward, Mrs., Southgate House,
Devizes
Cox, Alfred, 429, Strand, London,
W.C: 2
Cox, Stafford P., Stradbroke Cot-
tage, Coombe Bissett, Salisbury
Crawford, O. G. S., F.S.A., Ord-
nance Survey, Southampton
Crosfield, John D., 20, Castle Bar
Road, Ealing, London, W. 5
Cruickshank, G. E.,5, Stone Build-
ings, Lincolns Inn, W.C. 2
Culverhouse, P., Redlands, The
Common, Ealing, London, W.5
Cunnington, B. H., F.S.A. (Scot.),
33, Long Street, Devizes
Cunnington, Mrs. B. H., 33, Long
Street, Devizes
Currie, Lady, Upham House, Ald-
bourne, Wilts
Curtis, Miss E. J., Havering House,
Milton, Marlborough
D’Almaine, H. G. W., F.S.A,,
Abingdon, Berks
Dartnell, H. W., “ Abbotsfield,”
Park Lane, Salisbury
Day, H., 57, Ashford Road, Swin-
don
Deans, Mrs., 11, Croft Road, Swin-
don
Devenish, H. Noel, Little Durn-
ford, Salisbury
Dixon, Robert, Pewsey, Wilts
Dobson, Mrs., 11, Cambridge Park,
Redlands, Bristol
Dubb, Miss H. M. A., The Manor
House, Chilmark, Wilts
Dunkin, Rev. H., Patney Rectory,
Devizes
Dunne, A. M., Denford House,
Hungerford, Berks
Dunning, Gerald C., Union Society,
University College, Gower
Street, London, W.C.
Edwards, W. C., 3, Victoria Road,
Clapham Common, 8. W. 4
Frankel,
Fraser, J. Alex,
Edwards, Miss M. K. S., c/o Miss
Shere, 8, New Street, ‘Salisbury
Edwards, H.S. W., Armsley, God-
shill. Wood, Fordingbridge,
Hants
Elworthy, Percy, Membury House,
Ramsbury
Elworthy, Mie. , Membury House,
Ramsbury
Engleheart, Rev. G. H., F.S.A.,
Dinton, Salisbury
Everett, C. R., The Hawthorns,
Market Lavington, Devizes
Everett, Major-General Sir H. J.,
K.C.M.G., C.B., Avonturn,
Alderbury, Salisbury
Everett, Lady, Avonturn, Alder-
bury, Salisbury
Ewart, W. H. Lee, Broadleas,
Devizes
Farquharson, Mrs.,Tilshead Lodge,
via Salisbury
Farrer, Percy, F.S.A., Westfield,
Mullen’s Pond, Andover, Hants
Fass, F. G., Broughton Gifford,
Melksham
Ferguson, R. S., M.B., C.M., Elm
Grove, Calne
Finlay, ‘The Hon. Wn. Fairway,
Great Bedwyn, Hungerford
Fletcher, Rev. Canon J. M. J., 25,
The Close, Salisbury
Float, Miss L. C., The Secondary
School, Devizes
Flower, C. T., 2, Lammas Park
Gardens, Ealing, London, W. 5
Fowle, Rev. J. S., Hardenhuish
Rectory, Chippenham
Fox, Miss E., The Old Rectory,
Aldbourne, Hungerford
Alfred, The Priory,
Bradford-on-Avon, Wilts
Northcliffe,
Tetbury Road, Malmesbury
Freeman, G. H.,9, Alexandra Road,
Kingston Hill, Surrey
Fry, Claude B., Hannington Hall,
Highworth, Wilts
Fry, Geoffrey, Oare House, Marl-
borough a
Fuller, P.,Neston Park,Corsham |}
Fuller, R. F., Great Chalfield,
Melksham
Fuller, Rev. W.,
Grove, Devizes
1, Lansdown
Inst of Members. 261
Gamble, Sir David, Bart., White
Lodge, Purton, Wilts
Gamble, Lady, White T.odge,
Purton, Wilts
Gardner, E. C., Lloyds Bank, Ltd.
(Capital and Counties Branch),
Cheltenham
Gardner, Eric, FSA. Patmore
House, Weybridge
Gee, Miss Wilda, Elomecrert, Holt,
Trowbridge, Wilts
George, Reuben, 132, Goddard
Avenue, Swindon
Gething,G. T.,Chilmark, See ane
Gilbert, J.C. wHigh Street, Swindon
Gimson, H M., Stanton St.
Bernard, Marlborough
Gipps, Miss, Porch House, Lacock,
Chippenham
Gladstone, John E., Bowden Park,
Chippenham
Glanely, The Right Hon. Lord,
Lackham House, Lacock, Wilts
Glanfield, Rev. E., The Rectory,
Limington, Ilchester, Somerset
Goddard, Rev. E. H., Clyffe
Vicarage, Swindon
Goddard, Mrs. E. H., Clyffe
Vicarage, Swindon
Goddard, F. Pleydell, The Lawn,
Swindon
Goddard, Dr. C. E., Harrowdene
House, Wembley, Middlesex
Godman, G. W., Wedhampton
Cottage, Devizes
Godwin, Miss J. D., Moxhams,
Bradford-on-Avon
Goldney, Sir F. H., Bart., Beech-
field, Corsham, Wilts
Goldsbrough, Rev. Albert, Burley-
in- Wharfedale, Leeds
Goodchild, Rev. W., Berwick St.
John Rectory, Salisbury
Gore, C. H., F.G.S., 69, Eastcott
Hill, Swindon
Gough, W., Nore Marsh, Wootton
Bassett
Gowring, Rev. E. A., Grittleton
Rectory, Chippenham
G.W.R. Mechanics’
Swindon
Grant-Meek, Miss M., Manning-
__ ford Bruce, Marlborough
Grayson, Commander G., Brook-
__ side, Fovant, Salisbury
| Greenstreet, Rev. L. W., Comp-
ton Bassett Rectory, Calne
Institute,
_ Hankey, Basil,
Greenwood, H. H., 34, Victoria
Road, Swindon
Greville, The Hon. Louis, Heale
House, Woodford, Salisbury
Gundry, W. L. D., Hillworth,
Devizes
Gwatkin, R. G., Manor House,
_ Potterne, Devizes
Gwillim, KE. L. L., Marlborough
Hall-Renton, Rowfold Grange,
Billinghurst, Sussex
Hamilton, A. D., Bridge Cottage,
Lacock, Chippenham
Hammond, L. O., Cricklade, Wilts
Hammond. J. J., Bishops Walk,
The Close, Salisbury
Manor House,
StantonSt.Quintin,Chippenham
Hankey, Mrs. Basil, Stanton
Manor, Chippenham
Harding, A., Little Chalfield
House, Melksham
Harding, Miss W., Little Chalfield
House, Melksham
Harring, R. M., 22, Roundstone
Street, Trowbridge
Harrison, Rev. A. H., Lydiard
Tregoze Rectory, Swindon
Harrison, Mrs., Lydiard Tregoze
Rectory, Swindon
Harrison, Rev. D. P., Lydiard
Millicent Rectory, Swindon
Haskins, Chas., Brownie Brae,
Salisbury
Hawley, Lt.-Col. Wm., F.S.A.,
Seabrook Vale, nr. Folkstone,
Kent
Head, A., Ivyleigh, Doone Road,
Swindon
Heneage, Claud W., 5, Egerton
Mansions, London, S.W. 3
Heneage, Miss, 44. Lower Belgrave
Street, London, 8.W. 1
Henson, J. W., B.A., Boys’ High
School, Trowbridge
Herbert, Major the Hon. G,
Knoyle House, Salisbury
Heytesbury, Col. Lord, The Green
House, Crockerton, Warminster
Hoare, Sir Henry H. A, Bart.,
Stourhead, Bath
Hobhouse, Rt. Hon. Sir C. E. H.,
Bart., Monkton Yarleigh, Brad-
ford-on-Avon
Holloway, Mrs., The Manor, West
Lavington, Wilts
262 List of Members.
Hookham, C., Furze Hill, Broad-
way, Worcestershire
Hookham, Mrs. F., Furze Hill,
Broadway, Worcestershire
Hopkins, W. M., Lloyds Bank,
Ltd., Devizes
Hornby, C. H. St. John, Porch
House, Potterne, Devizes
Howlden, H. Linley, Old Manor
House, Freshford, Somerset
Hudson, Mrs. Gertrude, Hill
House, Newbury
Hurst, Rev. R. C., The Vicarage,
Corsham
Hussey, W., Westbourne Road,
Trowbridge
Tlott, Rev. Percy, Stanton Fitz-
warren Rectory, Highworth,
Wilts
Impey, Edward, The Manor,
Steeple Ashton, Trowbridge
Jackson, J. T., Eastcroft House,
Devizes
James, Warwick, F.R.C.S., O.B.E.,
2, Park Crescent, Portland Place,
London, W. 1
Jeffcoate, Rev. R., 5, Berkeley
Square, Clifton, Bristol
Jenner, Lt.-Col. L. C. D., C.M.G.,
D.S.0., The Manor House,
Avebury, Marlborough;
John Ryland’s Library, Man-
chester
Johnson, W.A., Southfield House,
Chiseldon, Swindon
Johnson, Rev. Beaumont, Sedge-
hill Vicarage, Shaftesbury
Jones, Mrs. E. Marsden, Church
House, Potterne, Devizes
Jones, Rev. F. Meyrick, Mere,
Wilts
Jones, Walter H., M.A., Morgan
Hall, Fairford, Glos.
Jupe, Miss, The Old House, Mere,
Wilts
Jupp, A. O., The Quarry House,
Swindon
Jupp, Mrs. The Quarry House,
Swindon
Keir, W. Ingram, F.R.C.S.E.,
Coombe Down, Bath
Kelham, H. O. L., Wye House,
Marlborough
Kelham, Mrs., Wye House, Marl-
borough
Kerry, The Right Hon. The Earl
of, 20, Mansfield Street, London,
W.1
Ketchley, Rev. H. E., Biddestone
Rectory, Chippenham
Kirby, S. H., at the Cathedral
Hotel, Salisbury
Klein, W. G., 7, Eldon Road,
London, N.W. 3
Knight, C. M., 7, Marlborough
Buildings, Bath
Knubley, Rev. Canon E. P., The
Vicarage, Steeple Ashton, row-
bridge
Lake, Richard, Kestrels, Easterton,
Wilts
Lambert, Uvedale, F.R. Hist. S.,
South Park Farm, Bletchingley,
Surrey
Lansdown, C. M., Glenbeigh,
Trowbridge
Lansdown, George, ‘‘ Sholebroke,”
Wingfield Road, Trowbridge
Latham, Miss, Bushton Manor,
Clyffe Pypard, Swindon, Wilts
Lawrence, W. F., Cowesfield,
Salisbury
Lawrence, Ed. 'T., 34, Parade,
Barry, Glam.
Lee-Pilkington, Mrs., Ashton
House, Ashton Keynes, Swindon
Lethbridge, Rev. H. C. B., South-
broom Vicarage, Devizes
Lister, E. C., Westwood Manor,
Bradford-on-Avon
Locket, J. Wood, New Holme,
Bratton, Westbury, Wilts
Long, Col. William, Newton
_ House, Clevedon
Lott, Herbert C., 10, Carlisle
Parade, Hastings
Lovat, Miss, Worton, Devizes
Lovibond, Mrs. J. L., Windover
House, St. Anne’s Street, Salis-
bury
Mackerdy, Major E. M. S., The
Abbey House, Malmesbury
McCombe, Rev. J. W., Broughton
Gifford Rectory, Melksham
Mc Neil-Smith, Kev. H. B., Charl-
ton Vicarage, Marlborough
McNiven, C. F., Puckshipton,
Marlborough
List of Members. 263
Major, Albany F., O.B.E, F.S.A.,
30, The Waldrons, Croydon
Manley, Rev. Canon F. H., Somer-
ford MagnaRectory,Chippenham
Mann, W.J., Highfield, Trowbridge
Marlborough College Natural
History Society, President of,
The College, Marlborough
Maskelyne, Mrs. Story, Basset
Down, Wroughton, Wilts
Maskelyne, A. St. J. Story, Public
Xecord Office, Chancery I.ane,
London, W.C. 2
Masters, W. A. H., 42, Cricklade
Street, Swindon
Matcham, G. Eyre, Newhouse,
Salisbury
Maton, Leonard, Groveley, Ex-
mouth, South Devon
Maurice, Dr.Walter, Lloran House,
Marlborough
Mellor, A. Shaw, Box House, Box,
Wilts
Methuen, Field Marshal Lord,
Corsham Court, Wilts
Methuen, The Hon. Mrs. Paul,
Beanacre ManorFarm, Melksham
Methuen, The Hon. Anthony, Ivy
House, Corsham
Miles, Miss C. F., 59, Egerton
Gardens, London, S.W. 3
Milling, Rev. M. J. T., The Vicar-
age, Ashton Keynes, Cricklade
Milman, Miss, Brownston House,
Devizes
Milman, Miss B. M., Brownston
House, Devizes
Mitchell, Miss E. C., The Square,
Wilton, Salisbury
Money-Kyrle, Mrs., Whetham,
Calne ,
Morrison, Hugh, M.P., 9, Halkin
Street, Belgrave Square, S.W. 1
Morse, W. E., The Croft, Swindon
Myers, Rev. Canon, The Close,
Salisbury
Naish, Miss R. V., Wilton, Salis-
bury
Napier, Mrs. Charles, Chitterne
___ House, Codford, Wilts
| Neale, John Alex., D.C.L., 125,
_ Powis House, St. James’ Court,
eee VV 1
| Neeld, Lt.-Col.Sir Audley D., Bart.,
| ©.B., Grittleton House, Chip-
| penham
Nelson, The Right Hon. Earl, 'Tra-
falgar, Salisbury
Newall, R. S., F.S.A., Fisherton
de la Mere House, Wylye,. Wilts
Newberry Library, Chicago, U.S.A.,
per Messrs. 8. F. Stevens &
Brown, 4, Trafalgar Square, Lon-
don, W.C. 2
Newbolt, Sir H. J., Netherhamp-
ton House, Salisbury
New England Historic Genealo-
gical Society,9, Ashburton Place,
Boston, Mass.,U.S8.A.,per Messrs.
B. F. Stevens & Brown, 4, Tra-
falgar Square, London, W.C. 2
New York Public Library, per
Messrs. B. F. Stevens & Brown,
4, Trafalgar Square, London,
W.C. 2.
Nicholson, Godfrey, Woodcott
House, Whitchurch, Hants
Noel, Rev. Wyndham, Christ
Church Vicarage, Bradford-on-
Avon
Norton, Mrs., Whitehall, Chilmark,
Salisbury
Norwood, Cyril, D. Litt., The
College, Marlborough
Noyes, Miss Ella, Sutton Veny,
Warminster
OrdnanceSurvey, Director-General
of, Southampton
Osbourne, Mrs., Little Inglemere,
Malmesbury
Owen, David, Richmond House,
Weston Park, Bath
Oxford Architectural and Histor-
ical Society, Ashmolean Museum,
Beaumont Street, Oxford
Palmer, Brig.-Gen. G. LI., Berry-
field, Bradford-on- Avon
Parker, Vice-Admiral E. Hyde,
Bodorgan House, Ramsbury,
Wilts
Parsons, R., Hunt’s Mill Farm,
Wootton Bassett
Parr, Miss Bertha, Salthrop House,
Wroughton, Wilts
Passmore, A. D., Wood Street,
Swindon
Payne, E. H., Wyndcross, West-
bourne Road, Trowbridge
Peake, H. J. E., Westbrook House,
Newbury
264 List of Members.
Peake, Dr. A. E., Arnold House,
Corsham, Wilts
Pearson, Miss Edith A., Moxhams,
Bradford-on-Avon
Pearson, J. R., Atherfield House,
Bradford Road, ‘Trowbridge
Penruddocke, Capt. George, Comp-
ton Park, Salisbury
Perkins, Kev. Charles E., Little
Hinton Rectory, Swindon
Perkins, H., Hillside, Marlborough
Phillips, A. J., Victoria House,
Pewsey, Wilts
Phillips, Bertram, Dinton House,
Salisbury
Pile, T. A. J.. Sutherland House,
Norfolk Square, London, W. 2
Pincott, Mrs. Frank, North Holme,
Bratton, Westbury, Wilts
Plummer, A. C., 102, Bath Road,
Swindon .
Pole, Sir F. J. C., Elcot, Derby
Road, Caversham, Reading
Ponting, C. E., F.S.A., Lockeridge,
Upper Parkstone, Dorset
Powell, John U., 38, Norham Road,
Oxford
Pritchard, J. E., F.s.A., 22, St.
John’s Road, Clifton, Bristol]
Pridham, J. W., 38, Regent Circus,
Swindon
Protheroe, J.S., 150, Victoria Road,
Swindon
Public Record Office, per the Sup-
erintendent of Publications, Book
Dept., H.M. Stationery Office,
Princess Street, Westminster,
- London, S.W. 1
Pugh, C. W., Hadleigh Cottage,
Devizes
Pugh, Miss, Hadleigh Cottage,
Devizes
Pullen, W., Goodrington House,
Westlecott Road, Swindon
Pye-Smith, E. F., The Close, Salis-
bury
Rawlence, E. A., St. Andrews,
Churchfields, Salisbury
Read, Sir Alfred, 29, Cockspur
Street, London, W. 1
Reading Public Library, Reading
Redfern, Rev. J. Lemon, Ashley
Rectory, Tetbury, Glos.
Reed, F. B., 50, Breakspears Road,
Brockley, London, 8.E. 4
Rendell, Ethelbert, Bath Road,
Devizes
Rickards, E., Diana Lodge, Purton,
Swindon
Rickards, Mrs., Diana Lodge,
Purton, Swindon .
Richardson, A. P., Purton House,
Purton, Wilts
Richardson, Rev. A. T., The Rec-
tory, Brixton Deverill, Bath
Richardson, Mrs. H., Red House,
West Street, Wilton, Salisbury
Richardson-Cox, E., South Wrax-
hall Manor, Bradford-on-Avon
Rison, R. E., Airdrie, Crescent
Avenue, Binley Road, Stoke,
Coventry )
Robinson, Major H. N., Monks
Park, Corsham, Wilts
Roemer, Major de, Lime Park,
Hurstmonceux, Sussex
Rogers, J. Smith, 44, Belle Vue
Road, Salisbury
Rumboll, C. F., M.D., Lowbourne
House, Melksham
Russell, Samuel, Newstead, Mead-
hurst Road, Western Park,
Leicester
Sainsbury, Herbert, Greystone
- House, Devizes !
Sainsbury, Mrs. Herbert, Grey-
stone House, Devizes
Sainsbury, EK. A., Wingfield Road,
Trowbridge
Salisbury, The Right Rev. The
Lord Bishop of, The Palace,
Salisbury HG
Salisbury Clerical Library, Church
House, Salisbury es
Salisbury Public Library, Endless
Street, Salisbury
Sanders, Rev. Harry, The Avenue,
Trowbridge
Scott, H. Dudley, Manningford
Manor, Marlborough
Scott, Miss Elsie C., The Old
Rectory, North Bradley, Wilts
Scott, G. H. Firth, Winterbourne
Monkton, Marlborough
Selman, Mrs. H. E., Kington
Langley, Chippenham
Shaw, Col. F. Kennedy, Teffont
Magna, Salisbury
Simpson, A. B., Upper Lodge,
Fernhurst, Haslemere, Surrey
Simpson, Cecil, Clittonville, The
Common, Sutton, Surrey
Inst of Members. 265
Simpson, J. J., Osbourne House,
Cotham Park, Bristol
Skurray, HE. C., West Lodge,
Swindon
Slade, J. J.,
Devizes
Slade, Miss M. E., M.B.E., 63,
Avenue Road, Swindon
Sladen, Rev. C. A., Heathfield,
#, West Moors, Dorset
Sleight, Miss Charlotte, Park
Cottage, Devizes
Smith, R. M. Morgan, Manor
House, Seend, Melksham
Smith, A. F., 397, Ferndale Road,
Swindon
Snailum, W. W., Wingfield Road,
Trowbridge
Soames, Rev. Gordon, Mildenhall
Rectory, Marlborough
Spicer, Capt. J. EK. P., Spye Park,
Chippenham
Stanley-Clark, Col. H. C., The
Manor House, Bulford, Salisbury
Steele, Lt.-Col., R.A.M. C., South-
gate Lodge, Devizes
Stephens, Rev. Canon J. F..D.,
Christian Malford Rectory,
Chippenham
Stevens, Frank, F.S.A., Blackmore
Museum, Salisbury
Stevenson, Brig.-Gen. E. H.,
Worton Littlecourt, Potterne,
Wilts
Stone, E. H., F.S.A., The Retreat,
Potterne Road, Devizes
Stone, W. J. E. Warry, 72, Elm
Park Gardens, London, S. W. 10
Storey, H. L., The Manor House,
Malmesbury
Stote, Rev. i W., Colehill Vicar-
age, Wimborne.
Sturton, Rev. A., Market
Lavington Vicarage, Devizes
_ Sumner, Heywood, Cuckoo’s Hill,
Gorley, Fordingbridge, Hants
Talbot, Miss, Lacock Abbey,
| _ Chip penham
7 Talbot, ihe Ven. Archdeacon, 103,
| Bath Road, Swindon
Baoan, Edward J., 49, Canal,
‘| Salisbury
| Tayler, Mrs. M. C., The Abbey
House, Bradford-on-Avon
| Thomas, Mrs., Rowdeford House,
| Devizes
“ Gazette” Office,
|
Thomas, Mrs. L. H., 10, Gloucester
Square, London, N ;
Thorold, Miss, Bromham Rectory,
Chippenham
Thornely, Thomas Heath, ‘The
Elms, Nursteed, Devizes
Thompson, G. Malcolm, Kington
Manor, Kington St. Michael,
Chippenham
Timbrell, J. Neate, Bank Street,
Melksham
Tothill, Lady, The Chantry,
Bradford- on-Avon, Wilts
Trenchard, M. Ashfordby, Stanton
Fitzwarren, Highworth, Wilts
Trotter, A. P., Greystone, Teffont,
Salisbury
Tupholme, Rev. W. S., Steeple
Langford Rectory, Salisbury
Uppsala University Library, The
Chief Librarian of, Uppsala,
Sweden
Usher, T. C., Sunny Croft,!Trow-
bridge
Vigors, Mrs., Kast Kennett Manor,
Marlborough
Viney, Herbert, Maplecroft, Melk-
sham
Wales, National
Aberystwyth
Wales,National Museum of,Cardiff
Walker, Rev. F.G., Upton Lovell
Rectory, Bath
Walker, H. Secker, Fairfield,
Bradford-on-Avon
Walrond, R. D., Aldbourne, Bram-
cote Road, Putney, London,
S.W. 15
Walsh, Arthur H., The Manor
House, Purton, Wilts
Wasey, Mrs. G. K., Leigh Hill
House, Savernake, Marlborough
Warrington, The Right Hon. Lord
Justice, 10, Montagu Square,
London, W. 1
Watson, Aaron, Lacock, Chippen-
ham
Watson, Rev. A. J., Savernake
Vicarage, Marlborough
Watson-Taylor, G., Urchfont
Manor, Devizes
Waylen, G.S. A., 41, Long Street,
Devizes
Library of,
266 List of Members.
Waylen, W. A., Littledean, Newn-
ham, Glos.
Weallens, Rev. R. 8., Berwick
Bassett Vicarage, Swindon
Webb, Mrs. Naesmyth, Bibury,
Branksome Park, Bournemouth
Webb, J. R., Fovant, Salisbury
Webb, W. A., 83, Argyle Road,
West Ealing, London, W. 13
Wells, Charles, F.J.I., 134, Crom-
well Road, Bristol
Westlake, Rev. R. L. A., Sutton
Benger Rectory, Chippenham
Weston, Lt.-Col. R. S., Elmsgate,
Steeple Ashton, Trowbridge
Weston, Miss Gertrude, Elmsgate,
Steeple Ashton, Trowbridge
Weston, Miss Ellen, The Home
Farm, Stockton, Codford St.
Mary, Wilts
Whitehead, Arthur, 35, Canal,
Salisbury
Wilder, Col. Graham, Ruckley
House, Easton Grey, Malmesbury
Williams, A. F., 57, Sheldon Road,
Chippenham :
Williams, Philip, Malt House,
West Woodhay, Newbury __
Williams-Freeman, Dr., Weyhill,
Andover
Wilson, Miss Maud,Norton Manor,
Malmesbury
Wood, Mrs., Norton Cottage,
Westlecott Road, Swindon
Woodward, C. H., Exchange
Buildings, Devizes
Woolland, Mrs., Baydon Manor,
Ramsbury, Wilts
Wrangham, Rev. Canon F., The
Vicarage, Highworth, Wilts
Yale *University Library, New
Haven, Conn, U.S.A., per
Messrs. E. G. Allen & Son, Ltd.,
12 & 14, Grape Street, Shaftes-
_bury Avenue, London, W.C. 2
C, H. Woodward, Printer and Publisher, Exchange Buildings, Station Road, Devizes,
THE SOCIETY'S PUBLICATIONS (Continued).
STONEHENGE AND ITS BARROWS, by W. Long, Nos. 46-47 of the
Magazine in separate wrapper 7s. 6d. This still remains one of the best and
most reliable accounts of Stonehenge and its Earthworks,
WILTSHIRE—The TOPOGRAPHICAL COLLECTIONS OF JOHN
AUBREY, F.R.S., A.D. 1659-1670. Corrected and enlarged by the Rev.
Canon J. E. Tegleeom. M.A., F, 8. A. Ato, Cloth, pp. 491, with 46 plates,
Price £2 10s.
WILTSHIRE INQUISITIONES POST MORTEM. CHARLES I, 8vo,
pp. vii. + 501. 1901. With full index. In 8 parts, as issued. Price 13s.
DITTO. IN THE REIGNS OF HEN. IIL, ED. I., and ED. IT.
pp. xv. 505. In parts as issued. Price 13s.
DITTO. THE REIGN OF ED. III. 8vo., pp. 402. In
as issued. Price 13s.
8vo,
sIx parts
A BIBLIOGRAPHY or tHe GREAT STONE MONUMENTS oF
WILTSHIRE, STONEHENGH, ann AVEBURY, with other references,
by W. Jerome Harrison, F.G.S., pp. 169, with 4 illustrations. No. 89, Dec.,
1901, of the Magazine. Price 5s. 6d. Contains particulars as to 947 books,
papers, &c., by 732 authors,
THE TROPENELL CARTULARY. An important work in 2 vols., 8vo,
op. 927, containing a great number of deeds connected with property in many
Wiltshire Parishes of the 14th and 15th centuries. Only 150 copies were
orinted, of which a few are left. Price to members, £1 10s., and to non-
members, £2.
}
BOOKBINDING.
ie. Books carefully Bound to pattern.
Wilts Archzological Magazine bound to match previous volumes.
| We have several back numbers to make up sets.
. H. WOODWARD, Printer and Publisher,
Exchange Buildings, Station Road, Devizes,
North Wilts Museum and
LIBRARY AT DEVIZES.
In answer to the appeal made in 1905 annual subscriptions”
varying from £2 to 5s. to the amount of about £30 a year for this”
purpose have been given since then by about sixty Members of:
the Society and the fund thus set on foot has: enabled the:
Committee to add much to the efficiency of the Library, and
Museum.
It is very desirable that this fund should be raised to at least.
£00 a year in order that the General Fund of the Society may
be released to a large extent from the cost of the Museum a and
set free for the other purposes of the Society. of
Subscriptions of ds. a year, or upwards, are asked for from all
Members, and should be sent either to Mr. D. OwEN, Bank Cham-}
bers, Devizes, or Rev. 1. H. Gopparp, Clyffe Vicarage, Swindon.
Yi
The Committee appeal to Members of the Society and others
to secure any
Objects of Antiquity,
ri AND
Natural History Specimens,
found in the County of Wilts°and to forward them to th e|
Hon, Curator, Mr. B. H. Cunnineron, Devizes ; |
Whilst Oid Deeds connected with Wiltshire families |
or places, Modern Pamphlets, Articles, Portraits, |
Illustrations from recent Magazines, or Papers |
bearing in any way on the County; and Sale|
Particulars of Wiltshire Properties, as‘ well as |
local Parish Magazines, |
will be most gratefully received for the Library by the Rev. i
E. H, Gopparp, Clyffe Vicarage, Swindon, Hon. Librarian.
C. He WOODWARD, MACHINE PRINTER, DEVIZES.
MeCxXLIV.. ..—Ss«.—s JUNE, 1926. Won Suge
THE
WILTSHIRE
Archeeological & Natural History
MAGAZINE,
PUBLISHED UNDER THE DIRECTION OF THE
SOCIETY FORMED IN THAT COUNTY
A. D. 1853.
EDITED BY
REV. E. H. GODDARD, Clyffe Vicarage, Swindon.
[The authors of the papers printed in this ‘* Magazine’ are alone responsible for all
statements made therein. |
TSS SSS =
DEVIZES :
PRINTED FOR THE Society By C. H. Woopwarp, |
EXcHANGE Burbpines, Station Roap.
Price 8s. Members, Gratis.
NOTICE TO MEMBERS.
TAKE NOTICE that a copious Index for the preceding eight
volumes of the Magazine will be found at the end of Vols.
Abo Ole SOM, ancl xo Ing subsequent Volumes are
each fully indexed separately,
The annual subscription is now raised to 15s. 6d., the entrance fee
for new Members remaining 10s. 6d. as before. Life Mem-
bers £10 10s.
Members who have not paid their Subscriptions to the Society for
the current year, are requested to remit the same forthwith to
the Financial Secretary, Mr. DAvID Owen, Bank Chambers,
Devizes, to whom also all communications as to the supply
of Magazines should be addressed.
The Numbers of this I/fagazine will be delivered gratis, as issued,
to Members who are not in arrear of their Annual Subserip-
tions, but in accordance with Byelaw No. 8 “The Financial
Secretary shall give notice to Members in arrear, and the
Society’s publications will not be forwarded to Members whose
Subscriptions shall remain unpaid after such notice.”
All other communications to be addressed to the Honorary Secre-
tary: the Rev. HK. H. Gopparp, Clyffe Vicarage, Swindon.
THE SOCIETY’S PUBLICATIONS.
To be obtained of Mr. D. OWEN; Bank Chambers, Devizes.
THE BRITISH AND ROMAN ANTIQUITIES OF THE NORTH
WILTSHIRE DOWNS, by the Rev. A. C. Smith, M.A. One Volume, Atlas
4to, 248 pp., 17 large Maps, and 110 Woodcuts, Extra Cloth. Price £2 2s.
One copy offered to each Member of the Society at €1 11s. 6d.
THE FLOWERING PLANTS OF WILTSHIRE. One Volume, 8vo,
504 pp., with Map, Cloth. By the Rev. T. A. Preston, M.A. — Price to the
Public 16s.; but one copy offered to every Member of the Society at half-price.
CATALOGUE or tor STOURHEAD COLLECTION or ANTIQUITIES
IN THE SOCIETY’S MUSEUM, with 175 Illustrations. Part I. Price 1s. 6d.
CATALOGUE or ANTIQUITIES in tHe SOCIETY'S MUSEUM.
Part If. 1911. Fully illustrated. Price 2s,
CATALOGUE or tHe SOCIETY’S LIBRARY ar tHe MUSEUM.
Price 1s. APPENDIX No.1, II., and III, 3d. each.
CATALOGUE or DRAWINGS, PRINTS, anp Maps, 1In THE SOCIETY’S
LIBRARY at tHe MUSEUM. Price 1s. 6d.
CATALOGUE or WILTSHIRE TRADE TOKENS 1n tHe SOCIETY'S
COLLECTION. Price 6d.
BACK NUMBERS or tut MAGAZINE. Price to the Public, 8s., 5s. 6d.,
and 3s. 6d. (except in the case of a few numbers, the price of which is raised).
Members are allowed a reduction of 25 per cent. from these prices.
es
WILTSHIRE
Archeological & Natural History
MAGAAINK,
No. CXLIV. JUNE, 1926. Vou. XLII.
Contents. PAGE,
List or BRonzE AGE DRINKING CUPS FOUND IN WILTSHIRE:
yale Me Ht CUunmingtOM «2. .5.s0..06 oysoe Mt sadsacses scoveqereisoe 267—284,
Tue Societys MSS. Tue DrEeps or Sracry House: By
Wanonmee ele Ma Mey ccc.. ccc: 0s caswervnetcuse. o<sdneescdeneenecces des 285 —310
REPORT ON HuMaNn REMAINS RECEIVED FROM ioNtee A. D. Pass-
MORE: By Sir Arthur Keith, M.D., F.R.S...................00. 311—312
THE WoopMINTON Group oF BARROWS, BOWERCHALKE: By R.
COMO Clava NOR.C S., Ina. C.P.,° B:S. Ag a icc0.. soe ees cde cons 313—326
OBJECTS FOUND DURING EXCAVATIONS ON THE RoMANO-BRITISH
Sire AT Cotp KitcHEN HILL, BRiXToN DEVERELL, WILTs :
By R. de C. Nan Kivell ........... 327— 332
Nortes.. es 333 —353
WILTS Omto any. Roe cy ehh beet Ac) gn, 353—358
WILTSHIRE Books, Fee es AND etieris UM daviacueseeatsce | BDO—=OSe
ADDITIONS To Museum aND LIBRARY .. Sea 384—385
ACCOUNTS ¢ OF THE SOCIETY FOR THE Vea 1935. BEES ORO aye 386—388
ILLUSTRATIONS.
NEP MOMmS cage y, ANd IDISTTIECH syle ch nace essa ccends ened eevee colngs oot 290
Objects from the Woodminton Group o Barrows, Bomerchalke.
glee sie lee ere) ery ck eee Cal ON EE oa hw eeavedees 322
Objects found at Cold Kitchen Hill, Brixton Deverell, Plates
IL—VIII.. tied. O00
Plan of a New Shes in the Rennes ee: as on mae 342
Objects of Early Iron Age from N. Wilts (Passmore eee
Plates I. and II.. i 342—343
Stone perforated Mace rend toad’: near erie ‘Capp: Sie 344
Recumbent Gravestone of the 12th century found in Court
REC PMU GOW TIO CCM OZA) cries cen cen sores ott secirenese tases cSeoeinees 345
The Devizes Skippet (14th century or earlier) .................0.0.008 346
Late Celtic Bronze Enamelled Cheek-piece of Bit from Middle
Whacowbanrnim Bowerchallce:<...ccms desgecciosckeaecsaecee aeeceseeeecte. 352
PAMIMOEMSTOMONEM CS: cos vasec sc). eosecdwsber cacdesessanacceutcese weveeacs Eanes 358
Devizss :—C. H. WoopwarpbD, ExcHANGE BUILDINGS, Station Roap.
mae
LER AR
THE
WILTSHIRE MAGAZINE.
‘“MULTORUM MANIBUS GRANDE LEVATUR ONUS.’—Ovid.
No. CXLIV. JUNE, 1920. Vou. XIII.
LIST OF BRONZE AGE “ DRINKING CUPS” FOUND IN
WILTSHIRK.
By Mrs. M. E. Cunntnaton.
This list aims at being as complete a record as possible of the vessels of
the “ drinking cup” or “ pealest ” type that have been found in Wiltshire.
The term “ drinking cup” has been adopted throughout on account of its
being invariably used by the older writers whose records are quoted, and as
a label it serves as well as any other.
Drinking cups were divided by Thurnam into three types or classes
(Arch., xliii., 391) :—
A. High-brimmed globose cup.
B. Ovoid cup with recurved rim,
C. Low-brimmed cup.
Thurnam’s classification was adopted by Abercromby with the addition
of various sub-types (Bronze Age Pottery, vol. i., p. 18).
Type C. isa northern form and is not represented in the present list ;
and as Abercromby’s sub-types may also be disregarded in this connection,
the vessels have been divided simply into types A. and B.
Itis possible only to ascertain the type of about half the vessels represented
in the list; 2.e., forty-two out of a total of eighty-one. There are twenty-
three of type A. and nineteen of type B.
_ Forty out of the total are recorded by Sir R. Colt Hoare in “ Ancient
Wiltshire.”
_ Among the objects found by Hoare, now in the Stourhead Collection in
the Society’s Museum at Devizes, there are, including fragments, only
thirteen cups represented; one of these is not mentioned in “ Ancient
| Wiltshire” (No. 84), so that there are only twelve out of the forty, the
others having been lost before the collection came to Devizes. In many
| cases when vessels in the barrows were found badly broken the pieces were
(not preserved. ‘lhe record is even worse than this, because Hoare records
/ VOL. XLIJI—NO. CXLIV, T
268 List of Bronze Age “ Drinking Cups” found in Wiltshire.
finding three drinking cups just over the Wiltshire border that are not
therefore included in the list, and these are all lost.!
Of those found since Hoare’s time four have been lost (Nos. 17, 43, 70, 71).
Thurnam refers to thirty-six drinking cups as having been found by
Hoare and Cunnington (Arch., xliii., 389), and states that there were nine
in the collection at Stourhead before its removal to Devizes (p. 337). There
are, however, now thirteen in the collection, z.e., four more than those seen
by Thurnam ; these were, perhaps, in fragments at the time of his visit to
Stourhead. Abercromby refers to twenty-six drinking cups from Wiltshire
(p. 87), but as two of these entries refer to the same vessel (4a, Avebury
and 10, East Kennett), the actual number is twenty-five.
In five cases, as recorded by Hoare, drinking cups were found with burnt
interments (Nos. 5, 6, 57, 75, 79). Unfortunately it is impossible to verify
these, as all the vessels are lost, and none were illustrated. The question
arises as to how far it is safe to rely on Hoare’s mention of a “ drinking
cup” in any particular case as referring definitely to the very special type
of vessel to which the term would now be applied. In describing the
various kinds of vessels found in barrows, Hoare classes them by what he
believed to be the purpose for which they were intended rather than by
their form. He therefore distinguishes drinking cups as a class, as vessels
destined to hold food for the dead, and not “ashes, burned bones, or trinkets.”
At the same time he notices that they differ “ both in shape and design ”
from cinerary urns and incense cups (A. W., 25).
In one case Hoare certainly uses the term “ drinking cup ” where modern
usage would not justify it. He speaks of a ‘‘ drinking cup, found at the
feet of a skeleton under a bell barrow, with a‘ grape cup,’ gold, amber, and
jet beads,” etc. (A. W., 202, Normanton Barrow, 156; Goddard, Wilsford, 7).
These objects are now at Devizes (C'at. 280), and the vessel described as a
“ drinking cup ” is a very fine urn-shaped vessel with deep overhanging rim.
Thurnam would have described it as a “ Partially decorated urn-shaped
Food Vessel” (Arch., xliii., 879). The fact that it was found empty with
a skeleton burial, justified Hoare, according to his own classification, in the
use of the term “ drinking cup” in this case.
Hoare also used the term for a vessel with a skeleton burial of Saxon
date found on the site of Shrewton Windmill (A.W. 174), but the vessel
cannot now be identified. Hoare distinguished, nevertheless, between this
and Bronze Age barrows, and said “ Here we find an interment of a later
zera, and of the same period as that before described on Rodmead Down,
when the custom of gathering up the legs had ceased, and when the use of
iron was more generally adopted ; for in the early tumuli none of that metal
has ever been found” (A.W. 174; the burial on Rodmead Down was Saxon,
A.W. 47).
In all other instances where Hoare’s use of the term can be tested, it is
applied to the type of vessel to which modern usage would ascribe it. But
it must be said that there is an element of doubt in some cases just when
1 4.W., p. 235. One on the western side of Bokerley Dyke, in a barrow
but without a burial ; and two at Woodyates, Barrow 9 (p. 238—9).
By Mrs. M. b. Cunnington. 269
one would most wish to be without it, as when drinking cups are said to
have been found with burnt burials and in disc barrows.
Forty-six of the total number found have occurred in simple bow] barrows,
often in small low mounds; two in disc-barrows (Nos. 63, 75), two! in bell
barrows (Nos. 4, 8!) ; two as secondary and perhaps one as primary burials
in long-barrows (Nos. 31, 55, 17a); two under sarsen stones (Nos. 68, 69)
two at the foot of a standing stone (Nos. 15,16); four in oval barrows
{Nos. 40, 70, 71, 77); eight in graves with apparently no mounds over them
(Nos. 18, 20, 35, 43, 46, 47, 48, 49). Except in five cases the cups were all
found with burials or in burial places ; the exceptions are Nos. 3a, 16a, 16b,
20a, 67a, where the vessels were probably used for domestic purposes. In
these, as in that of West Kennet (No. 17a), the entry represents not a
_ single, but fragments of an indefinite number of vessels.
In forty-three out of sixty-five burials of which the particulars are known
no other objects were found with the cups.
Metal was found only in eight out of sixty-five burials ; three of these
_ were with vessels of type B, in each casea flat tanged dagger without rivets,
_ two certainly of copper (Nos. 38, 41), the third probably so (No. 81) ; in two
with vessels of type A, one a knife-dagger (No. 36), the other unknown
| (No. 26); in the three remaining cases the type of the vessel is not known
(Nos. 4, 5, 6).
In two burials flint daggers were found with drinking cups, one of typeA,
| the other of type B (Nos. 12, 39). Abercromby mentions ten flint daggers
| found in England with vessels of type A, and states that none had been
found with type B (p. 28).
In the only case where the forms of two vessels found in the same barrow
is known, that with the primary burial was of type B, and that with the
| secondary of type A (Nos. 70,71). In this case therefore, type B was, if
anything, older than type A. Looking at the evidence as a whole, as far as
it is known for Wiltshire, it cannot be said that one type is older than the
other ; they appear, indeed, to have been contemporary.
As bearing on the question of date it is noteworthy, that, in addition to
' those found with burnt burials, Hoare records a deposit of burnt bones
‘below a skeleton with a drinking cup (No. 7).
Abercromby states that in no case was amber found with drinking cups by
Hoare in Wilts (Journ. Anthro. Instit., vol. xxxv., p. 261, 1905) ; but the
burial with which No. 12 was found was closely associated with another
skeleton with which were beads of amber and of the much discussed seg-
_mented beads of blue vitreous paste. Another drinking cup (No. 11) was
apparently found nearer the surface of the same mound that must have
_ been deposited later than the burial with the beads.
The association of gold discs of an Irish type with a drinking cup (No.
|.38) has also important bearings on the question of date (Antig. Journ.,
| Jan., 1925, p. 68).
Se
{
\
| The entries in the list are under the name of the parish in which the
| 1 Not counting fragments in Nos. 1 and 2 of list.
| 182
270 List of Bronze Age “ Drinking Cups” found in Wiltshire.
vessels were found. The number immediately following this name is that
which the barrow bears in the ‘ List of Antiquities in the County of
Wilts,” by the Rev. E. H. Goddard, W.A.M@., vol. xxxviil., p. 153.
When the entry consists in whole, or in part, of a quotation, it is to be
understood that it is taken from Hoare’s Anczent Wilts”; his account of
the opening of a barrow and description of the finds is often not more than
a line or two, and whenever reasonably possible his actual words are given
in full. When it has been necessary to summarise an entry care has been
taken to omit no detail of interest.
The word “cist” occurs frequently. Hoare explained that ‘‘ By the word
cist I mean an excavation cut in the soil or chalk, for the reception of the
skeleton, ashes, or sepulchral urn.” (A.W., 42, note.)
Without illustration it would be impossible to describe adequately the
ornamentation of the vessels. Practically all those now extant have been
illustrated in the works to which references are given.
Abbreviations :—
Abercromby—* Bronze Age Pottery.”
Arch. —“‘Archxologia.”
A.W. —Hoare’s “ Ancient Wiltshire,” vol. I.
Smith. —* British and Roman Antiquities of the North Wiltshire
Downs,” Rev. A. C. Smith. Gg
W.A.M. —“The Wiltshire Archxological and Natural History
Magazine.”
D.M, Cat. —Devizes Museum Catalogue.
LIST.
1, Aldbourne. (1) Arch., LII., 48; (celxxvi.).
Among the material of this bell-shaped barrow on Warren Farm ~
Canon Greenwell found part of the bottom of a drinking cup.
British Museum ?
2. Aldbourne. (3) Arch, LII., 48—49 ; (celxxviii.).
Among the material of this bell-shaped barrow on Warren Farm ©
Canon Greenwell found a piece of a drinking cup. British Museum?
3. Aldbourne. (5) Arch, LIT. 53 ; (cclxxx.). £
Canon Greenwell found among the material of this large mounda
piece of a drinking cup with the toothed impressions of the ornament.
filled in with a white inlay. ’
British Museum ?
3a. Alton Priors. W.A.dM, xxxvii.. 60, note.
A few small sherds were found at Knap Hill Camp.
4. Amesbury. (15) A.W., 205. Barrow 164, Normanton..
‘‘No 164 may be considered as the most beautiful bell-shaped
barrow in the plains of Stonehenge.” It contained within a shallow
cist the skeleton of a man with head to north-east, and resting on a
plank of elm wood. On the left side of the head a fine bronze knife-_
dagger that had been in a wooden sheath, and a smaller knife-dagger ; —
5, 6.
By Mrs. M. £. Cunnington. 271
at the feet there was a “richly ornamented drinking cup”; and at
the head and feet stags’ horns. ‘Three large pieces of oak wood had
radiated from the skelton to the top of the mound.
Unhappily the only object of this interesting find that has been
preserved is the larger knife-dagger. D. M. Cat. Pt. ., No. 126. Lost.
Amesbury. (19) A.W. 199, Barrow 132.
“In this barrow we found in a deep cist, an unusually large
quantity of burned bones, and with them two drinking cups, two
incense cups, and two brass pins ” (7.e., two bronze awls). Only the
two incense cups are preserved. D. Jf. Cat., Pt. I., Nos. 123, 123a,
fig. “lost:
7. Amesbury. (22) A.W., 199, Barrow 130.
“At a depth of about one foot anda half from the surface, we
discovered a skeleton with a drinking cup, and lower down a deposit
of burned bone.” On the east side of the barrow the skeletons of
two infants were found, one with head to the east, the other to the
west, and each placed over the head of acow. ‘“ Weafterwards found
a cist nearly four feet deep in the chalk, which contained, as we
conceived, the primary interment, viz., the skeleton of a man; but
these relics had been disturbed, and some brazen articles, with which
the bones were tinged, had been removed. Lost.
8. Amesbury. (40) A.W., 159. Barrow 25, ‘‘ Stonehenge.”
“No. 25 is a wide bowl-shaped barrow, in which we found, within
a shallow cist, a skeleton with its head towards the north, and a
drinking cup by its right side, and near it a neatly-formed pin or
needle of bone.” Lost.
9,10. Amesbury. (51) A.W., 163, Pl. xvi. Barrow 36, “ Stonehenge.”
“Tt produced three human skeletons, laid from north to south,
and immediately one over the other ; the first, about two feet deep ;
the second on a level with the adjoining soil. Close to the right side
of the head of this last skeleton was a drinking cup, and with it a
considerable quantity of something that appeared like decayed
leather. Six feet lower lay the third, with which was found the
drinking cup engraved in Tumuli, Plate xvi.” Among the bones
was found a piece of a skull “about five inches long that had
apparently been sawn off.”’
Cup from primary interment at Devizes, Cat., Pt. J., No. 180, fig.
| 11,12; Amesbury. (54) A.W. 163; Barrow 39, “ Stonehenge.” Evans’
* Stone,” 315.
* No. 39 is a bowl-shaped tumulus, adjoining the south side of the
Cursus. . . . ‘This interesting barrow had experienced a prior, but
partial, opening, and one skeleton with a drinking cup had been
disturbed. On reaching the floor, we discovered another skeleton,
lying with its head due north, which from the size of the bones, and
the great quantity of beads attending the interment, we conceived to
have been that of a female; and several of these being found near
272
List of Bronze Age “ Drinking Cups” found in Wiltshire.
the neck, confirmed in some degree the opinion. Close to the head
stood a kind of basin, neatly ornamented. . . . On removing the
head we were much surprised to find it rested upon a drinking cup,
that had been placed at the feet of another skeleton, and which was
interred in‘an oblong cist two feet deep, and lying also north and south.
With the drinking cup was a spear-head of flint, and a singular stone.”
The statement that the skeleton with the beads was found ‘On
reaching the floor” seems inconsistent with the record that the head
rested on the drinking cup (No. 12) at the foot of the skeleton in
a cist two feet deep. However this may be the description clearly
shows that these two burials were closely associated, and that if not
actually contemporary, no long time is likely to have elapsed between
them.
The cup from the primary burial, the very beautiful flint dagger,
whetstone, three segmented beads of blue vitreous paste, and nine
small amber beads, are at Devizes, Cat. Pt. I., Nos. 84, 85, 85a, 88.
88a, figs.
13. Amesbury. (56) A.W., 165. Barrow 43, “ Stonehenge.”
66
, at the depth of three feet, the skeleton of an adult
with a drinking cup, and on the floor of the barrow, another of a
child. We afterwards, in a shallow cist, found the third skeleton of
a man, lying with his head to the north, and close to it, on the right ~
side, was a curious pebble, and under his left hand was a dagger of ~
brass.”
The knife dagger, and the pebble of banded flint are at Devizes,
Cat. Pt. I., Nos. 89, 90. Lost.
15. Avebury. (10) A fragment of a large drinking cup was picked up on
this barrow. Ornamented with horizontal lines and thumb nail ~
markings. Passmore Collection.
15,16. Avebury. W.A.M., xxxviii., 3—5, fig. ‘ Longstone Cove.”
16a.
A burial of a skeleton with a drinking cup was found at the foot
of the standing stone known as “ Adam,” in Longstone Cove, after
the fall of the stone in 1911. The vessel and skeleton were
fragmentary, having been disturbed in the course of cultivation, but
it was evident that the burial must have taken place after the erection
of the stone.
A fragment of the rim of another drinking cup was found among ~
the packing boulders in the hole in which the stone had stood,
Devizes.
Avebury. Report of the British Association on “The Age of Stone
Circles,” 1922, p. 5. (Hull Meeting.)
About a dozen small fragments of pottery of drinking cup type,
probably of more than one vessel, “‘ with typical notched pattern in —
chevrons, horizontal and vertical lines. with plain zones,” were found
in the course of excavations in the great fosse of the circle of
Avebury.
By Mrs. M. E, Cunnington. 273
16b. Avebury. Unpublished.
Fragments of pottery of drinking cup type were found in excava-
tions in the ditch of the entrenchment on Windmill Hill, by the Rev.
H. G. O. Kendall in 1923. Devizes.
17, Avebury (25b). W.A.W/., xx., 347. Smith, p. 164, VIb.
A fragment of a drinking cup was found in this barrow on Overton
Hill. Lost.
17a. Avebury. (22). West Kennet Long Barrow. Arch., XXXVIII., 405
XLII, 208, 211; 4.W., 11,96; Cr. Brit., Pl. 50; W.A.,, x., 180 ;
Smith, 154, vi., b.
Numerous fragments of pottery, both of Neolithic and of drinking
cup type, were found by Thurnam in this chambered barrow ; “ in
three of the four angles of the chamber there was a pile of such
evidently deposited in a fragmentary state, there being scarely more
than two or three portions of the same vessel.”
Fragments in the British and Devizes Museums, C'at., Pt. [/., X94.
18. Avebury. Unpublished. Found at Beckhampton with remains of a
skeleton besides a large sarsen stone in July, 1925. Devizes.
19. Berwick St. John. (12) Pitt-Rivers, Hacavations, ii., 19, 26, Pl. 77,
“ Susan Gibbs” Walk, Barrow xx.
Found in a grave 3ft. deep, beneath a small round barrow, at the
feet of a skeleton. Farnham Museum.
20. Berwick St. John. Pitt-Rivers, Hxcavations, ii., 50, Pl. 92, Rotherly.”
-Found in a grave in the Romano-British village of Rotherly,
without any sign of a barrow, at the feet of a contracted skeleton.
Farnham Museum.
20a. Berwick St. John. Pitt-Rivers, Hacavations, iv., p. 36—7, figs. 6—9.
Fragments of pottery of drinking cup type were found in the ditch
of South Lodge Camp, Rushmore. Farnham Museum.
21. Bishops Cannings, (54) A.W.,II., 93, Barrow 4, “ Beckhampton” ;
Arch. Instit., 1849, p. 109, fig. 10; W.A.d, iv., 362, note; vi., 321 ;
Smith, p. 109, vii., b.
Found in a small low barrow at the head of a contracted skeleton.
Devizes, Cat., Pt. I., No. 296.
22,23. Boyton. (4) Arch., XV., 343, figs. ; A.W., 102; W.A.M., xxi., 257.
Two drinking cups were found with a skeleton, lying with head to:
the east, in a grave beneath a barrow ; the larger cup Qin. high, was
near the feet, and the smaller, 3} in. high, about a foot distant. Lost.
24. Brigmilston.
Found in a barrow with piece of red deer horn. No details known,
Devizes, Cat., Pt. IZ., X10 fig.
25. Bulford. Fragments in Salisbury Museum, No details known.
274 List of Bronze Age “ Drinking Cups” found in Wiltshire,
26.
27.
~J
28.
29.
30.
31.
Calne Without. (2c) W.A.M,, xxiii., 215.
Found by flint diggers in a low barrow. An object of bronze or
copper found with it was lost.
Devizes, Cat., Pt. 1I., X9 fig.
Collingbourne Ducis. (9?) W.A.d., x. QL.
Fragments of a drinking cup were found in one of the Barrows
opened in 1855 and 1861, by the Rev. W. C. Lukis, on Cow Down.
It is not possible to identify the barrow with any certainty.
Devizes, Cat., Pt. 1I., X36.
Durrington. (8) A.W., 166. Barrow 66.
‘“No. 66 is a low barrow, in which were fragments of a human
skull, of a large sepulchral urn, and a drinking cup.” Lost.
Durrington. (25) A.W.. 167, Barrow 84.
“In making our section we found pieces of stag’s horns, pottery,
and the remains of a skeleton and drinking cup, and two knives ; but
the primary interment was a skeleton, with its legs gathered up, and
hands placed under its head.”
Of whatever material the “knives” were, they do not seem to
have been actually associated with the skeleton and aempiciag: cup.
Lost.
Durrington. (36) A. W., 168, Pl. 18, Barrow 93. W.A.W, xvi., 17], fig.
** No. 93 contained, near the top, an interment of burned bones, in
a rude broken urn, with a small cup; also the remains of a skeleton,
-charred wood, and stag’s horns, and flint apparently prepared for
warlike instruments. ‘The primary deposit was a skeleton, with its
head placed towards the south-east, accompanied by a fine drinking
cup.”
The small urn-shaped vessel found with the secondary burial is at
Devizes, Cat., Pt. [., No. 240.
Devizes, Cat., Pt. I, No. 30.
Figheldean. (31) W.A.U/., xxxvili., 390. Arch. XLII., 180, 197—8,
fig.
A long barrow opened by Thurnam in 1864. He found a secondary
interment, about a foot below the surface of the mound, of a skeleton
in a moderately contracted position with a fine drinking cup near the —
hips.
British Museum.
32. Heytesbury. (4e) A.W., 86; W.A.M., xxi., 259, fig. (here referred
Oo.
to as found at Imber) ; Arch., XLIII., 393, note c. ; C.D., Pl. 40.
A low barrow near Knook boundary, south of Imber Firs, “ pro-
duced, at the depth of 5ft., a human skeleton lying on its face, with
the head towards the north. At its feet was a drinking cup of red
pottery.” Lost.
Heytesbury. (4f) A.W., 104; “ Tytherington.”
“ A very low barrow bearing marks of high antiquity, and which,
on opening, contained a skeleton lying on its left side, with its legs
-e at age PVR eR PR Shir
By Mrs. M. E. Cunnington. 275
drawn up, two rude arrow heads of flint near its head, and a drinking
cup at its feet.” Lost.
34. Hilmarton.
A fragment of a drinking cup was found 6ft. below the surface at
Goatacre. No details known. |
Devizes, Cat., Pt. 11., X89.
35. Imber. A.W., 87.
Hoare found “the remains of a human skeleton deposited with his
drinking cup,” in a grave without any barrow in the “ British Village ”
at Wadman’s Coppice. Lost. (See No. 20, above.)
36. Kennet, East. (1c) Arch. Journ., XXIV., 28; Evans’ “ Bronze,”
p. 226; “Stone,” p. 193; Arch., XLIIL, 392, 410, 452; LXI, 104.
Found near the feet of a skeleton in a grave 5ft. deep under a low
barrow ; a stone perforated hammer and bronze knife-dagger were
found also, and along the right side of the skeleton “there had been
a wooden staff.” Hull Museum.
Norse.—The various references to the finds in this barrow have
led to some confusion. The facts seem to be that it was opened by
the Rev. R. C. Connor in 1840 (Arch. XLIII., p. 289); the objects
were exhibited by Bishop Denison at Salisbury at the temporary
Museum when the Arch. Institute met at Salisbury in 1849 (Arch.
Journ., XXIV., p. 28); they were also exhibited to the Society of
Antiquaries in I.ondon in 1869, by permission of the Hon. Mrs. Denison,
in whose possession they then were (Proc. Soc. Antig., 2nd, S., 1V.,
339). After this, in spite of efforts to trace it, the whereabouts of
the vessel was unknown until recently it appeared in a public auction
in London; it was bought by a dealer, from whom it was purchased
in 1925 for the Hull Museum. The whereabouts of the objects found
with it is still unknown.
Abercromby entered the find under two headings, viz., “4a, near
Avebury,” and “10, East Kennet.”
Smith (p. 168) speaks of the barrow “from which Dr. Thurnam
obtained the double axe,” and reproduces the figure from Arch.,
XLILL., p. 410, Fig. 96, which Thurnam clearly states was the one
from the barrow opened by the Rev. R. C. Connor in 1840.
The figure of the cup given by Merewether (arch. Journ., 1849,
p. 110, Fig. 12) is not very accurate, but as Thurnam himself refers
to it, Arch., X LIII., 289, Table 3, No. 2, he could have had no doubt
that it was the same vessel, of which he gives a better picture.
The Rev. E. H. Goddard says the barrow was opened “cerca 1854,”
but this should be 1840. (W.A.M., xxxvili., 270, 1c.)
Kennet, West, see Avebury, No. 17a.
37. Kilmington. (3) A.W. 42-3, Barrow 4, Whitesheet Hill.
“At the bottom of the third tumulus we discovered a cist cut in
the chalk, but not a single fragment of either bone or pottery.
But our researches . . . were not wholly unproductive, for a few
feet under the turf we found a skeleton laid on its side, the head
276 List of Bronze Age “ Drinking Cups” found in Wiltshire.
turned towards the north-east, and a richly-ornamented drinking cup
at its feet.” Devizes, Cat., Pt. I., No. 368.
Lockeridge, see Overton.
38. Mere. (6a) A.W., 44, Pl. 11. Arch. XLIII, 527, fig. 218; LXI., p.
105. Evans’ Bronze, 223 ; Stone, 382 ; W.A.M., xxi., 257; XXxVii., 98 ;
Antiquaries’ Journal, V., 68.
In a small low barrow, opened by Mr. Fenton, “at the depth of
about 383ft, he found a cist, 6ft. in length, from east to west, con-
taining the skeleton of a large man with his limbs gathered up and
crossed, and that of a younger person by his right side. From the
position of their heads they seem to have been placed in theaffectionate
attitude of embrace, as the two skulls nearly touched each other.
Close to them was a richly-ornamented drinking cup; and near the
left side of the adult was a small lance head of brass,! and a piece of
grey slaty stone, perforated at the ends. He also found a small
instrument of bone, and two circular ornaments of thin, but pure
gold.” On the eastern side of the cist was a great deal of charred
wood, but no apparent sign of burning in the barrow.
Devizes, Cat., Pt. I., No. 81b.
39. Overton, West. (Lockeridge.) W.A.d/., xli, 187. Proc. Soc, Ant.,
XXXITI., 14. 1920. |
In a shallow grave with no mound over it, a beaker and a fine
flint dagger were found with a skeleton of aman. Devizes.
40. Roundway. (5) W.A.WM., vi., 162. (Double Barrow No. 6.)
Fragments of a drinking cup were found, apparently unassociated,
in the east end of this barrow. Devizes, Cat., Pt. II., X70.
41, Roundway. (8) W.A.M,, iii., 185; Arch., XLIIL, 392, 450: LXI,
104—105, figs. Cran. Brit., II., Pl. 42. Evans’ “ Bronze,” 223;
Smith, 70, viii. e.
A small, very low barrow, contained a contracted skeleton in an
oval grave, 6ft. deep from surface. A drinking cup was found at
the feet, a tanged and barbed flint arrowhead near the skull, near
the left hand a tanged dagger of copper—(analysed) ; in front of the
breast between the bones of the forearm a slate wrist guard, and
adhering to.it a small object of bronze or copper, much corroded.
Devizes, Cat., Pt. 11, X47—X50a.
42. Roundway. (9) W.A.M., vi.. 161—2. Barrow 4.
This barrow was opened by William Cunnington, F.S.A., and
Hoare records that askeleton was found “ lying from north to south,
but without any accompaniment of arms or trinkets.” (A. W., IT. 98.)
It was re-opened by William Cunnington’s grandson in 1856, who
found the remains of a skeleton in an oval cist with fragments of a
drinking cup. Devizes, Cat. Pt. I7., X52.
1 Analysed and found to be of copper.
By Mrs. M. E. Cunnington. 277
43. Roundway. Arch. Instit., 1842, 109, Fig. 9.
‘‘ Found in digging clay fora pond, near Roundway Down, without
any irregularity of the ground, but near a skeleton, whose position
could not be ascertained, having been carelessly disturbed by the
workmen.” Lost.
44, Sutton Veny. (lla) A.W.,103. W.A.d/., x., 11], fig.
A barrow now destroyed, on the right of the road between Sutton
Veny and Iongbridge Deverill. A plate of thin chloritic slate was
found “immediately under the right hand, and close to the breast of
a skeleton, which had been interred with its head towards the north,
and its legs . . . gathered. A few inches from this ornament (the
slate) were two boar’s tusks, and close to the knees of the skeleton
was a drinking cup.” ‘Ihe slate plate was called a ‘“‘ Breastplate ” by
Hoare ; it is very large (48in. x 22in.) for a wrist-guard, which it
otherwise resembles. Lost.
The slate and boar’s tusks are at Devizes, Cat, Pt. 1, Nos. 63—4.
45. Sutton Veny. (llb) A.W., 103.
“Another of the small barrows in this neighbourhood produced
the interment of a skeleton, with a drinking cup at its feet.” Lost.
46. Swindon. W.A.M., xxxviii., 42, Fig. 1.
Men digging stone in 1906 found a shallow grave, 3ft. deep, without
any barrow over it, containing a skeleton lying on its right side, head
to the south, feet to the north, face pointing east, the body only
slightly contracted. Behind the head and almost touching it was a
drinking cup. ‘he skeleton was that of a young person about 15
years of age, with markedly dolichocephalic skull.
_ Passmore Collection.
47. Swindon. W.A.M., xxxviii., 42, Fig. 2.
Later, about 50 yards east of the last (No. 46 above), workmen came
upon a small heap of bones, apparently those of a child, buried without
the flesh, or previously disturbed. Lying by the bones were the
crushed remains of a large drinking cup.
Passmore Collection.
48. Swindon. W.A.M., xxxviil., 43, Fig. 3.
Later (1908), workmen found a third burial near the same spot,
but previously disturbed and scattered. ‘The bones were those of a
young person about 17 years of age, and among them were fragments
of a large drinking cup.
Passmore Collection.
49, Upavon. W.A.M,, xl., 6.
In 1915, during building operations at the Central Flying School,
a grave 3ft. deep, without any mound over it, was found, containing
a skeleton, with head to north-east, accompanied by a drinking cup.
Ornamented with rows of horizontal lines. Devizes.
ry
50. Upton Lovel. (2c) A.W.,'75, Pl. ix. Barrow 3.
A low barrow, contained a skeleton with head to north, and a
drinking cup near the legs. Devizes, Cat., Pt. J., 13.
278 Lust of Bronze Age “ Drinking Cups” found in Wiltshire.
51. Wanborough. (1) W.A.dM., xxviii., 262.
A fragment of a drinking cup was picked up in this barrow during
excavations. Ornamented with horizontal lines. Passmore Collection.
52. Wilsford. (1) A.W. 206. “ Normanton ” Barrow, 166.
“No. 166 contained the remains of a skeleton, accompanied by a
drinking cup, and stags’ horns.” Lost.
53—54 Wilsford. (2b) A.W., 205. ‘ Normanton” Barrow, 161.
“In . , . a low barrow . . . we found a skeleton, with
its head laid towards the south-east, and with it a drinking cup.
Eighteen inches lower down was another . . . (skeleton); and
beneath it we discovered a cist of the depth of nearly six feet, cut in
the chalky rock, and containing the primary interment of a young
_ man, with his head lying towards the north, and a drinking cup close
to his right hand; it had been neatly ornamented, but was broken
by the pressure of the incumbent earth.”
It is not known whether the cup now at Devizes is that from the
secondary or primary interment ; but it is probably the former, as
Hoare states that the primary cup was broken. Devizes, Cat, Pé. L.,
No. 147.
55. Wilsford. (34) W.A.df, xxxviii., 405. ‘‘ Normanton” Long Barrow,
170. A.W., 206. Arch., XLII., 196, 198. W.A.M., xvi., 93, note.
MS. Cat., Nos. 228—9, 245, 256—7.
This long barrow was opened by Thurnam, who seems not to have
found the primary burial, but only five secondary ones of skeletons;
with one of these near the summit of the mound a drinking cup was
found near the hips of a contracted skeleton. British Museum ?
56. Wilsford. (40) A.W., 210, Lake Group Barrow 6. |
A secondary interment of a cinerary urn inverted over burned bones
—among which was a bone pin, was found about a foot from the
surface of the mound ; 5ft. below this were the remains of two
skeletons. Below these, in a grave, d5ft. deep and 7ft. long, cut into
the chalk, was a skeleton of a child, apparently not more than two
or three years old, accompanied by a drinking cup.
The bone pin is at Devizes, Cat., Pt. 1, No. 174b. Lost.
57. Wilsford. (51) A.W., 211. Wake Group, Barrow 24.
In this barrow were found, immediately under the turf, burned
bones with the fragments of a drinking cup. Another deposit of
burned bones were found 2ft. lower down, “immediately over the
head of a skeleton; and beneath this we found a second skeleton
and several large pieces of stags’ horns by its side.” Lost.
58, 59,60. Wilsford. (53) A.W.,211, Pl. 28. Lake Group, Barrow 22.
‘“ No. 22 had also been partially opened, for amongst the unburned
bones which had: been moved we found the remains of two neatly-
ornamented drinking cups; and, on digging towards the south-east,
we discovered the skeleton of a child, and over it a drinking cup.”
This last cup is at Devizes, Cat., Pt. ., 246.
61.
62.
63.
By Mrs, M. E. Cunnington. 279
Wilsford. (54) A.W., 211. Lake Group, Barrow 21.
“No. 21 had been opened before; but amongst the earth and
scattered bones we found fragments of a fine drinking cup, some
chipped flints, and one perfect arrowhead of flint.” A.W., Pl. 30,
No. 5.
The arrowhead is at Devizes, Cat., Pt. £., No. 173b. Lost.
Nore.—Mr. Goddard, W.A.M., xxxvill., 350, mentions a second
“ drinking cup” under this number, but Hoare (A.W , 212—3), who
is apparently referring to another barrow 21, speaks of “ two small
earthen cups,” and one of these was certainly an incense cup and is
illustrated in Platexxxi. Duke, in his notes on this barrow (W.A.J/.,
xxxv., 586) speaks of ‘‘ two small urns or drinking cups,” but in view
of Hoare’s illustration of one of them, this description is obviously
of no value. The incense cup was bought by the British Museum at
the sale of the Duke Collection (W.A.M/.,xxviii., 261, Lot 119), but
no mention is made of a drinking cup, or beaker, in any of the lots.
It is, therefore, more than doubtful if the second vessel was indeed a
drinking cup.
Wilsford. (62) A.W., 208, P]. 28, No.3; Wilsford Group, Barrow 13.
“Tn No. 138, a large bowl-shaped barrow, we found the skeleton of
a young and stout man deposited in a shallow cist, with the head
towards the south-east, and near ita large and rude drinking cup.”
Devizes, Cat., Pt. I., 2465.
Wilsford. (70) A.W.,208. Wilsford Group, Barrow 7. Arch., XLIIL.,
294, note b.
‘his was a disc barrow with three mounds; “in one of which we
found the relicks of the skeleton of a youth, and fragments of a
drinking cup ; in the centre tump was a simple interment of burned
bones, with a small brass pin’; and the third seemed to have been
opened before.” Lost.
64, 65, 66, 67. Wilsford? There are fragments of four drinking cups, part
67a.
of the Duke Collection, now in the British Museum.
These were, no doubt, from barrows in the neighbourhood of Lake,
but no particulars are known about them. One, if not two, of these
vessels, may have come from a bowl barrow, associated with the
skeletons of one or two children, apparently a secondary burial.
This is Barrow 5 of the Rev. Edward Duke’s notes (W.A.M,, xxxv.,
584). One of the vessels, of which there are two fragments, elabor-
ately ornamented, seems to have been of type A ; two seem to have
been of type B.
Winterbourne Dauntsey. W.A.M., xliii., 54 (a), 55 (c).
Fragments of several drinking cups were found in excavations at
Figsbury Rings. Devizes.
68—69. Winterbourne Monkton. W.A.d/, 1., 303; Smith, 85; Cran.
Brit., ii., 2, Pl. 58; Evans’ Stone, 223.
1 Hoare generally means by this a bronze awl.
280 List of Bronze Age “ Drinking Cups” found in Wiltshire.
Fragments of two cups were found with the skeleton of a man in
a circular ptave under a sarsen stone; there were also two conical
buttons and a “pulley” ring of Kimmeridge shale, a serpentine
pebble, and a flint knife. Devizes, Cat, Pt. 1[., Nos. X83—X87a;
figs.
70—71. Winterbourne Monkton. (10) Arch. Instzt., 1849, 105, figs. x. and
aa; Evans’ Stone, 293; Smith, Anteg. North Wilts, p. 126, III. e.
Opened by Dean Merewether, who describes the barrow as a large
oval mound, with three large sarsen stones ontop. ‘On removing the
three sarsen stones from the apex, about a foot deep appeared the
fragments of a small ornamented urn (fig. X.) containing the skull
bones principally of a young person . . . near the top (of the
urn ?) was @ sarsen, rounded, and about two inches in diameter.” At
a depth of 5ft., the heads of two oxen were found (fig. Y.), apparently
laid on the N.E. side of a grave, 6ft. by 4ft., cut in the chalk. At a
depth of 5ft. below this, and 10ft. from the top of the mound, a con-
tracted skeleton of an adult (fig. Z) was found, lying on its left side ;
behind the head was a drinking cup (fig. aa); at the right foot a
tanged and barbed flint arrowhead (fig. bb), and a worked flint de-
scribed as a “ spear-head ” (fig. cc). Another worked flint was found
“ subsequently ” (fig. dd).
The whereabouts of these objects is not known.
72. Winterbourne Monkton. (16).
73.
74.
A fragment of a drinking cup was picked up on this barrow.
Passmore Collection.
Winterbourne Stoke. (10) A.W., 125, Winterbourne Stoke Group,
Barrow 27.
‘‘At the depth of 7ft. we came to the floor of the barrow, where
we discovered a large oblong cist, 5ft. long, 4ft. wide, and 24ft. deep,
neatly cut in the chalk. On clearing away the earth round this cist,
we perceived a sepulchral urn, inverted in a half circle, cut in the side
of the large cist, which, on taking out, we found had been placed in
the lap of a skeleton, which lay at the depth of about a foot within
the cist, its head towards the north. The urn contained burned
bones. . . . On removing it and the skeleton we found five more
skeletons lying almost side by side, two of which were young
persons, and when we reached the floor of the cist we found what I
considered to be the primary interment, viz., two skeletons lying by
the side of each other, with their heads tothe north. . . . At
their head was placed a drinking cup. From the evidence of the
various soils in the mound, it appeared that the burials had been
made at three different times; firstly, that at the bottom of the cist,
then the six skelétons above it, and lastly the urn burial.” Devizes,
Cat., Pt. L., 274.
Winterbourne Stoke. (17).
A fragment of a drinking cup was picked up on this barrow.
Passmore Collection
756
76.
77.
78.
By Mrs. M. LE. Cunnington. 281
Winterbourne Stoke. (17) A.W., 121. Winterbourne Stoke Group.
Barrow 8.
This is a disc barrow. “In the centre it had an oval cist, 43ft.
long, and 2ft. wide, with an even floor of chalk, and in the middle
of it was a heap of burned bones, but no ashes. At the distance of a
foot was a fine drinking cup, richly ornamented.” Lost.
Winterbourne Stoke. (20) A.W.,121. Winterbourne Stoke Group.
Barrow 7.
‘Tn a cist cut in the native chalk was the primary deposit of an
adult skeleton, lying from north to south, with a drinking cup at his
feet.” The skeleton of a child with “a basin-like urn” was found as
a secondary interment in the mound. Lost.
Winterbourne Stoke. (35) W.A.M,, xi., 42. A.W., 165 ; Barrow 49
(at west end of cursus). Evans’ Stone, 273. W.A.d/., x., 28.
This was an oval barrow opened by Thurnam in 1864. Near the
east end, at a depth of about 13ft.,a much contracted skeleton was
found, with a drinking cup close to the back of the skull. A small
cup of thick pottery was found near the centre of the barrow, and at
the west end, from Ift. to 3ft. deep, near the skull of the crouched
skeleton of a tall man, were four beautiful leaf-shaped javelins or
daggers of flint.! British Musem.
Winterbourne Stoke. (54) A.W., 118, pl. xiv.; Barrow 5. Arch,
XLIIL., p. 425 ; Evans’ Stone, p. 239.
A large mound in which “ within a foot of the floor, we found the
skeleton of a young person, deposited over the north-west edge of a
very large and deep oblong cist, and upon the same level, on the south
side, we discovered an interment of burned bones. On clearing the
earth to the depth of &ft., we reached the floor of the barrow, in
which a cist of the depth of 4ft. was cut in the native chalk, and at
the depth of 2ft. on the southern side of the cist was deposited the
skeleton of an infant, apparently but a few months old. From the
position in which these interments were placed it is evident they
had been deposited at different times, and were subsequent to the
primary one, in search of which we next proceeded. On clearing
away the earth from the large cist we found the head of a skeleton
lying on the north side, but to our surprise no vertebrae or ribs,
further on were the thigh bones, legs, etc,” A drinking cup was
found at the feet, and two whetstones. There was also found,
position not stated, a conical button and a “ pulley ring” of shale,
and a piece of flint rudely chipped, as if intended for a dagger or
spear.” Devizes Cat., Pt. [., Nos. 39, 72, 178, 210.
1T—n Arch., XLIII., 297, Thurnam states that the flint javelin heads were
- found with the skeleton at the eastern end of the barrow ; this would imply
that they were together with the drinking cup, but this is obviously a slip,
for in the fuller accounts it is distinctly stated that they were found with
| the skeleton at the western end. See Jbid. 414. Pro. Soc. Antig., 2 S. ilies
i p. 427. W.A.M, xi., 42.
282 List of Bronze Age “ Drinking Cups” found in Wiltshire.
79. Winterbourne Stoke. (56) A.W.,115. East Group Barrow 7.
A large barrow in which “ At the depth of 43ft. we discovered the
skeleton of an infant, with its head laid towards the south, and im-
mediately beneath it a deposit of burnt bones and a drinking cup,
which was unfortunately broken. At the depth of 8ft., and in the
native bed of chalk, we came to the primary interment, ‘viz,, the
skeleton of a man lying from north to south, with his legs gathered
up according to the primitive custom, on his right side, and a foot or
more above the bones, was an enormous stag’s horn.” Part of the
stag’s horn only is at Devizes, Cat., No. 7la. Lost.
80. Winterbourne Stoke ?
‘“ Found in the hands of a skeleton in Barrow near the Stoke Road
to Stonehenge, 1816.” Devizes, Cat., Pt. I, 164.
81. Winterslow. (11) Arch Jour., I., pp. 156—7. Hoare’s Modern Wilts
V., 208. Arch., XLIII., 361, 449; LXI., 106, fig. Evans’ Bronze, 216.
This large bell-barrow was opened by the Rev. A. B. Hutchins in
1814. The primary burial, in a grave 4f{t. deep, consisted of “a
skeleton of immense size,” with a drinking cup between the knees
and feet, and in it two flint arrowheads ; under the right arm was a
flat-tanged dagger of copper or bronze,! and a slate wristguard.
Ashmolean Museum.
1 Daggers of similar form found with Nos. 36 and 38, on analysis proved to —
be of copper.
By Mrs. M. E. Cunnington. 283
oe)
©
ot
*k
ae row. s a: 3 “os a B ae
Sulggu2e| 22/22) BB) .8] g) le
Selaaa da | Ee | Al Sa] x”) 28) Syl y
2” |aanlon|aolaaloalé |2*|e5) 3
1 Aldbourne sealed Bell
2 . a 3 |Bell
3 is Les 5 | B
3a Alton Priors
4, Amesbury ve J) | Bellic S) 4) -P B +
5 ‘a Jeo | IBS Bs S112 B +
6 "p Ne des IB AP B +
7 j HK 18) SS +
8 ty 40|'B{}S | P +
9 5 se NS) a A 2/+
10 ie A 18 ES as +) +
11 i‘ p41B 1S 18 +) +
12 i BL | 1B) | Sy Rs 0) A 3
13 - 56|/ Bis {8 ae eee
14 Avebury 10 | B
15 ” S B a
16 9
16a 5p
16b i al
17 s 6 || D5lo) 14 ES +) +
17a, a soo 1) ae
18 . bs: Ss A i.
19 Berwick St. James 120 Bier Sei OR B | 25 | +
— 20 » oy 2 | abe S a | ae
| 20a " Be ube
| 21 Bishops Cannings ... | 54 | B |S | P A +
| 22 Boyton Pala eS. iP B | 23a} + | +
| 23 ‘4 soo | Sy || 2 eS de B | 23b) + | +
24 Brigmerston A | 18b
| 25 Bulford
| 26 Calne Without Oty IF 1B Se B | A | 18t
| 27 Collingbourne Ducis | 9 | B
28 Durrington 8 | B ae
29 f %1B1S ae
30 3 a 8) Sy) 1 Bo \) fle
| 31 Figheldean Se Ses A By ee
32 Heytesbury 4e |B |S | P B +} +
| 33 ah 46 | BIS PIA +
34 Hilmarton
385 Imber SP B AVC ae aka
36 Kennett, East 1c} B P B|A Al
37 Kilmington 3) BS. is A +
|38 Mere 6al B |S | P (Of) 1h} ©)
39 Overton, West Sine B
40 Roundway 5 \fO C
141 : SaeBes sa) pao ies B | 21
42 if 9 S |P a
tg * Seek B +] +
| * Flint.
|VOL. XLIII.—NO,CXLIV. i
|
|
H
|
}
|
984 List of Bronze Age “ Drinking Cups” found an Wiltshire.
Sutton Veny
Swindon
Upavon
Upton Lovel
Wanborough
Wilsford
67a Winterbo’ne Dauntsey
80
81
39
5°
68 Winterbo’ne Monkton
99
29
))
99 99 ove
Winterbourne Stoke
99
93
9)
Winterslow
w+ | row. | ¢ 4 a : &| 3¢
Sa lESEISE| £8 | #8] 28] 38] 5 | SH
seen) ee| eo | eal ot] ® | of | SE)
Ze lpanlbeladlasjoale |2*|e"| 8
Ida Be) Si P ar
UO Be Syne ale a ean
Sola A SiG
SP A ae
SS ie A + |
ei B als
12c1 B |S P B | 29 |} +
JE ly dae
EBS cle ae se |
Hore sy iP oi: an
| 18 slits) as) B | 28) +
341 1S. 1s A 8) +
40 |B Ss P ae Se
Sal Bo Beal eS Se) SF
i LS S NOt) ence
NS alee dl COM aS + ;],+ .
BW By NS) Pas) ate
SAB Ws A =) =e
GQ PIB is iP B'| 33 | +
Oo Dis |e +] +
B
B
A
S | P \f+ A | 4t
i, SP. ee Aa
10 (Oe S Rix B ae
10 tO |S {8 A +/+
16 |B
10;BiS ||P A | 14] +
inal 2
SRA Alay 1G Re Boreal al B +) +
Bln, Nee ep ae
AS EOS es A 9
cod WS Pe Jes
PESO Ae IS +
ate BIS A | 18b
a Lapel cS qe As Oa Baier
43 | 82
+ Oval Barrow.
t Other objects of flint. * Flint.
285
THE SOCIETY’S MSS. THE DEEDS OF SEAGRY HOUSE.
By Canon F. H. Mantey.!
The deeds, of which abstracts are given below, form a useful series
not only because they are such a complete record of the manner in which
the estate was built up,- but also because they throw light upon several
points of local history in both Seagry and Great Somerford.
The parish of Seagry includes in Domesday two manorial holdings, and
the manor mentioned in these deeds under the name of Nether Seagry is
apparently that then held by Drogo Fitz Ponz, and it is worth while noticing
that “ the two mills paying twenty-two shillings & fourpence” recorded as
at the time of the Conqueror belonging to this manor are included among the
appurtenances of the “ scite of the Manor of Nether Seagree,” conveyed to
Rebecca Stratton in 1648.
The earliest deed, which is a copy of the original, dated 1556, shows how
the estates of the Mompessons, of Bathampton, were divided among four
coheiresses on the death of their brother, Edmund Mompesson, in 1553,
and traces back the connection of the family with those of Godwin and
Bonham, whose heiresses brought various properties to this branch of the
Mompesson family.
The manors of Segree and Somerford Bolles were allotted to William
Wayte, as part of the share of his wife, Ann Mompesson. Wm. Wayte
owned the manor of Wymering, in Hampshire, and dying in 1561, left six
daughters co-heiresses of his property, and several proceedings in Chancery
still existent, give us some insight into the disputes which arose between
them. (Chancery Pro., II., Bundle 9, No. 21.)
The Somerford Bolles manor? ultimately came into the hands of the
Bruning family, Richard Bruning having married one of the co-heiresses,
Eleanor Wayte, who died in 1593 (Will P.C.C. 6 Nevill), and the Seagry
manor passed to the Norton family, Rose Wayte, another of the co-heiressés
having married Sir Richard Norton, Knt., who died in 1592. ‘Their grandson,
Sir Richard Norton, Bart., succeeded to the Seagry estate on the death of his
father, Sir Richard Norton, Knt., in 1611 (Will. P.C.C. 90 Wood). He
was of Tisted, Hants, and in consequence of espousing the Royal cause
‘became impoverished by the Civil Wars. He sold the Seagry estate in
1648, and the purchaser of the Manor House with appurtenances was the
tenant, Mrs. Rebecca Stratton. ©
When Aubrey compiled his brief notes upon Seagry,? he seems to have
“paid a visit to the Manor House, and tells us that the Mompesson “‘coate
is in the Hall window with the martlet on the shoulder,” and he also states
that “Mr. Stratton hath all the Deedes,” and these must be the deeds from
A.1 to A. 9 almost all of which are now in the possession of the Wilts
| Archeological Society. Strangely enough, despite the careful pedigree of
1 The Society is indebted to Canon Manley for the cost of the block of
ithe accompanying map.
2 Wilts Arch. Mag., vol. xxxi., pp. 290—3.
| 3 Wilts Coll’., ed. Jackson, pp. 280—3.
286 The Society's MSS. The Deeds of Seagry House.
the Mompessons given in deed A. 1, Aubrey’s version of the pedigree which
he inserts in his notes is not correct, so that he must have read the document
somewhat carelessly. We owe the preservation of these old deeds, and
others in this collection, to the insistence with which Mr. Houlton, when
he bought small pieces of land claimed the custody of deeds which more
properly should have remained in the hands of those who owned the larger
portions of these properties.
From a memorial tablet still in Seagry Church we learn that Mrs. Rebecca
Stratton was the widow of Henry Stratton. In the Visztationof Wiltshire, —
1623, appears a short pedigree of Stratton of Bremble [Bremhilham] and
the second son is John Ntratton, of Segree, alive at that date. John Stratton
died in the following year, and was buried at Seagry 21st Oct., 1624, where
his wife, Johan, had already been laid to rest, 5th Oct., 1622. The Ing. P.M.
of John Stratton, of Seagry, is included in the printed Wilts collection. It
seems probable that he resided at the Manor House, and that his second
son, Henry, was the husband of Mrs. Rebecca Stratton, succeeding to his
father’s interest in this property. Mrs. Rebecca Stratton died in 1678, and by
her will (Arch Wilts, pr. 6 June, 1679,) left “the fee and inheritance of the
‘Capital Messuage with the Jand and the Mill” to her son Robert, saddled
however witha settlement, which gave possession of the capital messuage
with appurtenances to her son Thomas and his wife Ann [ Lawrence] forthe
term of their lives. ‘Thomas Stratton was buried at Seagry, 22nd Aug., 1670,
and-his wife Ann at Dauntsey, 6th March, 1692/3. Robert Stratton thus
did not come into full possession of the manor until the latter date. He
was buried at Seagry 11th October, 1700, and under the terms of his will
(Arch. Wilts. pr 27th May, 1701) the capital messuage of the manor with
certain lands was left to his niece Anne, daughter of his brother Thomas
and Ann Stratton, for her life, together with certain other lands for a term
of ten years, but the fee simple of all his property was devised to his great
nephew Kobert, a grandson of his brother John Stratton, and in default to
Robert’s brother Thomas Stratton, the two brothers being both of them of ~
Hardwick, Co. Gloucester. This Robert Stratton soon began to encumber
the property with mortgages, and in 1710 sold to Joseph Houlton, the
younger, of Trowbridge, a member of a family of wealthy clothiers, a
considerable portion of the estate, being land chiefly lying in Upper
Seagry. Robert Stratton did not, however, part with either of his two
messuages on the estate, but retained possession of the old Manor
House and the mill, the former of which was in the occupation of
his cousin, Ann Stratton, until her death in 1731, buried at Seagry, 24th
Sept. (Will, Arch. Wilts, pr. 8th Oct., 1731.) Robert Stratton himself
was buried at Seagry 9th Oct., 1758, and his is the last of the Stratton
Memorial tablets in the Church. He left a family of six children, but by
his will (Arch. Wilts, pr. 28th Nov., 1758) directs that his estate in Seagry
is to be sold, and the manor then passed into other hands. At the date of
the tithe apportionment, 1840, Lord Holland was owner.
Britton tells us that Robert Stratton pulled down the old Manor House
“about the middle of the last century,” and a question has been raised as
to its position. here is at present near the Church at Seagry a com-
paratively modern farm house called the Church Farm, and a fine medieval
By Canon F. H. Manley. 287
gateway, which Britton assumes to be part of the original Manor House.
Mr. Anketell, in his notes upon Seagry (Wilts Arch. Mag., vol. xxiil., p. 71),
contends that both Aubrey and Britton are wrong in thinking that the
Manor House stood near the Church and asserts that the Church Farm
was formerly a grange farm belonging to Bradenstoke Priory, and that the
fragment of ancient building still in existence has about it a monastic
character. The names, however, of the fields attached to the capital
messuage in Deed A. 5, viz., Cowleaze, Sheepfield, and Mill Furlong, enable
us to identify it with the farm house and buildings near the Church, because
the fields there still bear these old names. Britton is no doubt right in
saying that Robert Stratton erected the modern farm house on the site of
the old Manor House about the middle of the 18th century, and not, as Mr.
Anketell states, in 1700, for at that date Robert Stratton had not come into
possession of it.
Our deeds also enable us to correct another error in Mr. Anketell’s paper
based upon a note in Canon Jackson’s edition of Aubrey’s Wiltshire Col-
lecteons. In this note (p. 282) we are told that Sir Richard Norton’s estate
(formerly Mompesson’s) was broken up among three purchasers, (1) the
Stratton family, (2) The Right Hon. Henry Fox, (3) Mr. Bayliffe. But from
Deeds A. 6 and A. 7, and the other Feet of Fines which I have added to
)
)
the latter, we find that the Norton estate, which amounted to some 600
acres, was disposed of to six purchasers, Mrs. Rebecca Stratton ; Richard
Lesseter!; John Elye, and Nicholas White; Wm., Thos., and Anthony
_ Bristowe; Thos. Clarke; and Richard Kinge with others, most of them
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
= |
_ presumably being tenants. Again we are told in this note that the Strattons
lived in Upper Seagry, but the manor which they held was that of Nether
Seagry, in which part of the parish their manor house stood. We see, too,
_ that, far from the Strattons selling “their portion” to Mr. Houlton, they
still retained all the messuages and a considerable amount of the land.
_Indeed, Mr. Anketell’s paper, although it contains much interesting in-
formation, is not reliable for details, and his identification of properties is
vitiated by his reliance upon this erroneous note.
With regard to the second manor mentioned in Domesday, this seems
rightly identified with the manor and farm of Over Seagry, which belonged
to Sir Edward Hungerford, of Farley Castle, in 1582,? and at the time of
1 From copies of other deeds in my possession I am able to identify this
holding as passing later to the Hayward family, and later still to Simon
‘Salter, clothier, of Malmesbury, and sold tojvarious purchasers by his sons
William Salter, in 1861. The homestead now called “The Close” belongs
‘to Mr. Godwin. It is numbered in the Tithe App. Map 195.
2 From details given in Chancery Proceedings [Mitford, Bundle 481, No.
57 &c.] of 1708 and 1709 we learn that the Manor of Over Seagry, worth
£121 10s. per annum, had been leased to Edward Adye, of Seagry, gent.,
jand after his death intestate his son, Wm. Adye, obtained a new lease,
‘dated 25th Sept., 1704, from Dame Margaret Hungerford, of Coulston.
‘Wm. Adye married a certain Faith Porter, of Wrington, co. Somerset, said
to have had a considerable fortune, but had become seriously involved
{
288 The Society’s MSS. The Deeds of Seagry House.
the apportionment, 1840, was owned by Earl Radnor. The old house is still
standing, and is a picturesque little building. It is generally called Seale’s ©
Farm. Inthe Tithe App. Map the Homestead is numbered 196.
One other house in Seagry claims to be a manor and was for many years
in the possession of the Bayliffe family. It lies in Upper Seagry and is an
ancient building with a justices’ room, now called Manor Farm. At the time
of the tithe apportionment, where, in the map it is numbered 272, it was
owned with some 150 acres of land by Mr. Henry Bailiffe. As early as 1707
Mr. Charles Bailiffe, of Bernards Inn, London, gent., purchased of John
Stratton a messuage and some 40 acres of land in Seagry (Close Roll, 4891, 13.
Wm. III., pt. 12, No. 11). Possibly Mr. Bailiffe enlarged this messuage
and made it his residence, but if so its claim to be a manor house has no
foundation. On the other hand Mr. Bailiffe may have obtained what
among the possessions of Bradenstoke Priory is described as “the farm of
the site of Seagry Manor” (Minister’s Account, 3985, Hen. VIII.) This
was a farm of one tenement with other premises and their appurtenances
demised to the Lady Joan Danvers. 12th Jan., 1537/8 for a term of 60 years.
If this was the house which Mr. Bailiffe enlarged he had grounds for con-
sidering it to be a manor house. ‘There is, however, another ancient farm- —
house,! with thatched roof, which for many years was rented by the Hayward
family, not far from the Church, and in the time of the tithe apportionment
belonging to Lord Mornington, the owner of Seagry House, which might ~
have been the Priory property. Unfortunately it is not possible to trace
the old deeds of the Bailiffe estate which would settle for us the question. ~
What led Mr. Joseph Houlton to think of forming an estate at Seagry ~
we do not know, but through his marriage in 1707 with Priscilla White, the
heiress of Grittleton House, he became interested in the neighbourhood, ~
and probably had in view the possibility of other members of his family ~
wishing to reside in the district. His purchase from the Strattons was
added to by purchases from Mr. Edward Pyott and others, and he erected ©
a messuage with outhouses on the land which he had bought from the ©
the Strattonsin Upper Seagry. On the marriage of his third son, Nathaniel, ~
in 1723, with Mary Newton, of Taunton, he put his Seagry estate, together q
with other property, into settlement for their benefit. The messuage erected ~
by Joseph Houlton was now probably enlarged by his son to become a
suitable residence for himself and his wife. Nathaniel Houlton
—_—
in his affairs before his death in 1708 [buried at Seagry, 8th Nov., 1708].
He had mortgaged the Manor with its capital Messuage to John Scrope,
Esq., who on Wm. Adye’s failure to pay the mortgage money took possession
of the property and obtained from Dame Margaret a fresh lease of it to
himself, dated 20th April, 1708, on three lives. The capital messuage was
then occupied by Richard Pocock. The proceedings were taken by Henry
Richmond, clerk, of Hornblotton, co. Somerset (see memorial tablet in
Seagry Church), one of the principal creditors of Wm. Adye and a brother _
in law.
‘There can be little doubt that this was Pyott’s Farm, and in the Tithe
App. Map the homestead is numbered 195.
By Canon Ff. H. Manley. 289
added to the Seagry estate by purchases of land adjoining in Great
Somerford, as well as in Seagry. On his death in 1754 his wife, who sur-
vived him, seems to have remained here for a time, but in 1766 she let the
whole estate to John Houlton, her nephew, Rear-Admiral of the Blue, who
resided at Seagry House for some years, and on the death of his aunt in 1770
became owner. Later Admiral John Houlton succeeded to the Grittleton
estate and in 1785 sold the Seagry House property to Sir James Tylney
Long, of Draycot, and went to reside at Grittleton House.!
Seagry House still retains its original character, asa compact but handsome
Georgian building, until lately much as Nathaniel Houlton left it. His
coat of arms is within a triangular pediment in front, on a stone shield,
HOULTON quartering WHITE. Some years ago additions were made to the
house under the direction of Mr. H. Brakspear, but its general appearance
was not altered. It stands now in a well-wooded park.
Turning now to some of the other deeds, the collections D. 1—10, E. 1
—7, and G. 1—7, all refer to properties in Great Somerford. ‘The first
of these has to do with a messuage called “ Fletchers als the Churchouse
and lands in the manor of Somerford Maltravers.” The signature of Sir
Robert Jason, who held this manor in 1671, is attached to the deed of that
date. From other deeds still extant we know that “ Fletcher’s als the
Churchouse” was owned by the Mompessons early in the 17th century, and
from later deeds we can identify its position, as being where at present
stands, north of the War Memorial Cross, the “ Red House,” lately occupied
by Mrs. Pitt, now the property of Mrs. Adamson, and built about a hundred
years ago. The messuage mentioned in Deed E. 1, later used as a public
house, is probably the first house in Startley adjoining the Seagry House
grounds, which shows signs of having been at some time a farmhouse.
With regard to the deeds G, 1—7, this property is mentioned in the Inq.
P.M. of Sir Walter Longe, Knight, dated 5th Oct, 1637, where it is said
to be held by him “of the King by knight’s service and rent.” It probably
at one time formed part of the small manorial property in Great
Somerford belonging to the nuns of Kington Priory, which at the
Dissolution came into the possession of the Long family.
The sketch map on the next page will show the locality of most of the
houses to which allusion has been made. It is based on Andrews’ and
Drury’s Map of 1773, said to be on scale of 2in. to the mile. ‘his latter
map is, however, by no means infallible, more especially as to the position
of houses. It omits to mark houses which other evidence shows must have
existed at the time the map was made and inserts houses in places which
seem not then to have been built upon. In the case of Seagry we find
“Lower Seagry” misplaced, also in Great Somerford “‘ West Street” is
changed into “ Wier Street,” and “ Fletcher's als the Churchouse” is not
marked.
' For pedigree of the Houlton family see Wilts V. & Q., vol. vi., p. 83, &e.
290 The Society’s MSS. The Deeds of Seagry House.
By Canon F, H. Manley. 291
| SCHEDULE OF SEaAGRY House Estate DEEDs.
A. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7*, 8, 9*, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17,
18, 19, 20.
B. 1*, 1a, 2, 3.
Cc. 1%.
D. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9,10
£1, 2, 3,4, 5, 6, 7.
F. 1, 2, 3.
G. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7.
H. 1%.
J. 1, 2, 3.
S. E. 1, 2,3, 4,5,6,7
K. 1, 2.
L: 1.
M. 1.
N. 1, 2.
* Deed missing.
STRATTON’S. -
A.1. 2 Feb. 2 & 3 Phil. & Mary (1556). Copy of Deed of Partition
of the property of Edmund Mompesson dec. among his four sisters
co-heiresses, Anne, Mary, Elisabeth & Susan.
This Indenture made 2 Feb, 2 & 3 Phil. & Mary, between W™.
Wayte, Esq., and Anne his wife, Gilbert Welles, Esq., s. and h. of Mary
Welles, Rich. Perkins, Esq ,and Elizabeth his wife, and Susan Mom-
pesson, these being the four sisters and co-heiresses of Edmund Mom-
pesson, Esq., who died seized of the following estates—(i.) the Manor
of Bathampton Wyly with 6 mess. &c. (i1.) Manor of Deopford with 4
mess. &c. (ill.) Manor of Hanging Langford with 12 mess. &c. (iv.)
one mess. &c. in Steeple Langford. (v.) 3 mess. in Chesingbury. (vi.)
I mess. &c. and 1 cottage &c. in Wyly. (vii.) Manor of Heddington with
12 mess. &c. (vii.) Manor of Seagree with 10 mess.! (vili.) 3 mess. 2
in Starklye.? (ix.) 1 mess. &c. in Brinkworth. (x.) lands in Manor of
Littleton Drewe with 12 mess. &c. (xi.) Manor of Somerford Bolles
with 12 mess. &c.* (xii.) 1 mess. &c. in Somerford Mauditts, (xiil.)
20 mess. &c. in Milford pichard, Apshull, Tedrington, Heytesbury,
Sutton Knock, Feny Sutton, and Chicklade. (xiv.) 2 mess. &c. in
Clapcott. (xv.) 2 mess. &c. in QGrittleton. (xvi.) 13 mess. &c. in
Hollompton. (xvii.) 1 mess &c. in Moreshawe. (xvill.) 1 mess &e.,
in Drexale. (xix.) landsin Fisherton Anger, (xx.) 3 mess. &c. in
Calne. (xxi.) over and besides the Manor of Newton Tony, lands &c.
lately assured to Richard Mompesson, uncle of Edmund &c.
———
1400ac. land, 150ac. meade, 100ac. pasture, 45ac. wood, 10ac. moor, with
apps. © |
2100ac. land, 30ac. pasture, 40ac. wood, 20ac. marsh with apps.
3 400ac. land, 20ac. meade, 20ac. pasture, 20ac. wood, 10ac. marsh, and 40/-
rent with apps.
292
The Society’s MSS. The Deeds of Seagry House.
Anne, Mary, Eliz., and Susan, drs. of John M. the younger and Alice ;
[—he J.M., s. and h. of Drewe M. and Agnes his wife; he D. M.s. and
h. of John M. the elder and Isabell his wife; he J. M.s.and h. of Robert
M. and Alice his wife, who was dr. and h. of W™. Godwin and Eliz‘ his
wife, which Eliz™ was d'. and h. of Thomas Bonham and Katherine his
wife—] became co-heireses on death of their brother Edmund M. and it
has been agreed among them to divide the property as follows :—
A. W™ Wayte & Ann his wife to have manor® of Segree & Somerford
Bolles and lands and tenements in Starkley and Chesingbury also one
quit rent of xviii". per ann. issuing out of lands sometime of John Warren
in Brinkworth and ii*rent per ann out of premises in Littleton Drewe,
the yearly value of the whole being xli’. iii*.
B. Gilbert Welles to have manors of Hedington and Littleton Drewe
and landsin Morshall,Clapcott, Heytesbury, Calneand Fisherton Anger,
the yearly value of the whole being xli. iii per ann.
C. Rich? Perkins & Eliz his wife to have manor of Great Bath-
ampton Wylye, lands in Hanging Langford, ten‘. called Apshull, lands
in Great Apshull except, &c., value of the whole being xli!. 111’. per ann. —
D Susan M. to have manors of Little Bathampton, Wily, and
Deopford, and lands in Edrington, Mylford Pichard, Tedrington,
Grittleton, Wraxall, Steeple Langford, Hollampton Knok, Chicklade,
Feny Sutton, Brinkworth, and Cowlson, also landsin West Apshull and
Weyly and Great Apshull, tent called Hindell’s in Wyly, value of the
whole being xli!. iii’. per ann.
Signed by Gilbert Welles, Rich? Perkins, Elizth Perkins, Susan
Mompesson.
A.3. 28 Nov., 1617. An Exemplification of a Recovery Mich,
15 Jas. I. (1617) of the Manor of Seagree with app’. and 8 mess, 16
gardens, 200 ac. land, 80 ac. meadow, 300 ac. pasture, and 40 ac. wood
with app’ in Segree, Somerford, and Staunton, co. Wilts. Sir Francis
Neale and George Blythe gen. versus James Metcalfe gen. and Antony
Pickeringe. Vouchee Sir Richard Norton.
A. 2. 21 Sept., 1647. Lease for 3 Lives.
Indenture made 21 Sep., 1647, between (i) Sir Rich* Norton, of
Rotherfeild, co. South" Barrt (ii) Rebecca Stratton, of Seagry, wid.
for £120 p*. to him he lets to her All the Capitall Messuage
andl Scite of the Manor of Nether Segree with app*. &c.. and fishing
of certain flood-gates now in occ". of ‘Tho’ Adye &c. heretofore de-
mysed with the Capital Mess,, for 99 years if Rebecca S., her s. Tho*
and his w. Ann live so long, paying £10 per ann. . . . she under-
takes &c., and to allow Sir Rich? to hold the Courts of the Manor in
the Mansion House twice every year and find meat &c. for his officers
not exceeding eight persons for not more than three days and also
to do her best to collect the rents due to him and once a year to send —
him an account of the same &c. . . . She allowed to take yearly
24 loads of wood towards fireboot, &c. |
the mark of R_ Rebecca Stratton.
Seal missing.
By Canon F. H, Manley. 293
Witnesses R. Norton, W™ Lawrence, Richt Hibbard, Rich Lesseter.
A. 4. 15 Nov., 24 Chas. I. (1648). Three parts of an Indenture
tripartite dated 15 Nov., 24 Chas. I., made between (i) Sir Rich?
Norton, of Rotherfeild, co. South" Barrt (ii) Rich®, Estcourte, of
Lincoln’s Inn, Esq., and Rich* Thorner, of Barnard’s Inn, gent., (111)
Arthur Bold, of the Inner Temple, Esq., and Rich* Estcourte, of
Lincoln’s Inn, Esq. Whereas Sir R. N. by indent. dated 14 Oct. last
did sell unto s? R. E.and R. T. &e. all that the Manor of Nether Segree
and lands belonging to it lying in Segree Nether and Upper, Somer-
ford Bowles, and Staunton, «ce.
Three deeds with good seals and clear signatures to declare the uses
of a Recovery of the manor and lands viz. for the use of the s¢ Sir R.
N. his heirs and assignes for ever.
A. 6. 28 Nov., 24 Chas. I. (1648). An exemplification of a re-
covery Mich. Term, 24 Chas. I., of the Manor of Nether Segree with
app* and of 9 Mess., 1 Water Mill, 1 fulling Mill, 20 gardens, 250 ac,
land, 89 ac. meadow, 230 ac. pasture, 20 ac. wood, and 73° rent with
app*. in Nether and Upper Seagree, Somerford Bowles, and Staunton,
co. Wilts. Anthony Bold arm and Tho* Estcourt arm. versus Rich.
Hstcourte arm and Rich, Thorner gen. Vouchee Richard Norton,
Baronet.
A. 5, 25 Nov., 24 Chas. I. (1648). An Indenture of this date made
between (i) Sir Rich* Norton, Barr*., and (ii) Rebecca Stratton, widow,
being a Conveyance of a Capital Messuage and scite of the Manor of
Nether Segree with app’ and lands in Nether and Upper Seagry,
Somerford Bowles, and Staunton. including one mess. in Nether Seagry
wherein W™. Flower now lives, and one water Grist Mill and one Full-
ing Mill lying near this last mess. for the sum of £1022 5s. 8d.
The land attached to the Capital Mess. is the Cowleze 18ac., Sheep
field and Mill Furlong 24 ac., Northfield and New Furlong 28 ac., the
Heath 6 ac., Hartsfurling 6 ac., the Grove 5 ac., the Great and Little
Mores 9 ac., in Downe meade 25 ac., in Downe fielde 10 ac., the Hide,
Knapps, Harrolds, and the Meade plott in Upper Seagree, 120 ac.
The land attached to the other mess. and the mills is the park 4 ac.,
the Conigre 2ac., the Meade Ground 14 ac., the Lagger, the Cherry
Orchard, and close adjoining the Floodhutch, together 1 ac., in Clay
Corner 3 ac., in Priorsmeade 3 ac., ‘ whereof the successors of the Priors
of Broadestocke hath usually had three cocks of hay and the Miller of
Segree hath usually had two cocks,’ in Downe meade } farrundale.
Conveyed to the s¢ Rebecca Stratton her heirs and assignes for
ever with a Covenant to levy a fine thereof before the end of the next
Mich. term.
Signed Rich. Norton. Seal lost.
Witnesses Will. Singleton, John Stratton, Rich Thorner,
Paul Thorner, Richard Thorner, junr.
A.7. Mich. Term, 24 Chas. I. (1648). ‘I'wo parts of a Fine of this
date between Rebecca Stratton, wid., Plt., and St Rich? Norton
Barr‘, Def. of 2 Mess., 1 Water Mill, 1 Fulling Mill, 2 barns, 2 gardens
294
The Society’s MSS. The Deeds of Seagry House.
2 orchards, 80 ac. land, 30 ac. meadow, 150 ac. pasture, 20 ac. wood,
and commons of pasture with app* in Nether and Upper Seagry,
Somerford Bowles, and Staunton. co, Wilts.
This deed is mzsseng but is recited as above in Deed A. 18.
[This, with five other Feet of Fines, all dated ‘in the quindere of
of St. Martin, 24 Chas. I. (25 Nov. 1648)’ Westminster supplies us with
the full details of sale of Sir Richard Norton’s Seagry estate. The other
Feet of Fines are given below. !
Rich. Lesseter, quer. and Rich Norton, Bart., def. of 1 mess., 1 cot-
age, 2 barns, 2 gardens, 2 orchards, 12 ac. of land, 3 ac. of meadow,
5 ac. pasture and commons of pasture for all beasts in Nether Segree,
Upper Segree, Somerford Bowles, and Staunton.
John Elye, gent., and Nicholas White, quer, and Rich. Norton,
Bart., def. of 3 mess., 3 barns, 4 tofts, 2 gardens, 2 orchards, 80 ac. land;
20 ac. meadow, 30 ac. past., and of commons of pasture, &c.
W™.,, Tho*., and Anthony Bristowe, quer*, and Rich. Norton, Bart.,
def. of 2 mess., 2 barns, 1 toft, 2 gardens, 3 orchards, 55 ac. land, 9 ac.
meadow, 8 ac. pasture, and commons of pasture, &c.
Tho’ Clark, als Hillier, quer, and Rich. Norton, Bart., def. of 1 mess.,
1 barn, 1 garden, 1 orchard, 11 ac. land, 3 ac. meadow, 4 ac. pasture,
and common of pasture, &c.
Rich. Kinge, John Yewe, and John Winckworth, quer’, and Rich.
Norton, Bart., def. of 2 mess., 1 barn, 1 toft, 2 gardens, 2 orchards,
55 ac. land, 3 ac. meadow, 13 ac. pasture, and commons of pasture,
&c. |
A 8. 23 Dec. 1659. An Indenture tripartite of this date between
(i) Rebecca Stratton, of Nether Seagry, wid,, John Wells, of Studley
Farm, Lydiard Tregoze, gent., and Wm. Thorner, of Little Somerford,
yeo.,(ii) W™ Lawrence the elder,of Little Somerford, gent., W™ L., gent.,
his s., John Bathe, of Hook, in Lydiard Tregoze, yeo., Rich? ©
Thorner, of Little Somerford, gent., and Rich* Lesseter, of Seagry,
yeo., (iii) Tho’. Stratton, one of the sons of the said R. S., gent., and
Anne his w., being a settlement of lands in Seagry, determinable on 3
Lives.
In this Indenture is recited the indenture dated 21st Sept. 1647. A.
2. but only in respect of the Capital Messuage and Scite of the
Manor of Nether Segree with app* and also an indenture of assign-
ment dated 10 Nov., 1648, made between (i) Rebecca S. and (ii.) John
Wells, of Studley Farm, Lydiard Tregoze, gent., and W™ Thorner, of
Little Somerford, yeo., whereby these latter held all her property for
her use, now by this Indenture, on payment of £500 to Rebecca 8. by
W™ Lawrence, the elder, of Little Somerford, gent., as marriage por-
tion for his d' Anne, now the wife of Tho’ S., the capital’ messuage
and Scite of the Manor, &c., are assigned to the second parties men-
tioned above in trust that Rebecca §S. should enjoy the premises
for her life and that after her death Thos, S. and his w. Anne, should
enjoy them for life on the same terms as in Lease of 21 Sept., 1647,
paying £10 per ann. to the trustees for heirs of Rebecca S. —
By Canon FP. H. Manley. 295
Signed by all the parties, seals missing.
Witnesses Richard Thorner, j":, Robert Stratton, Leonard Atkins.
A.9. Deed Poll under hand and seal of Rebecca Stratton, wid.,
dated 9 Nov., 1654, whereby she admits all the uses in an Indenture
dated 3 July, 1651, under her hand and seal between (i) herself, (ii)
Henry Mayo, the elder, and John Yewe, the younger, yeoman.
This deed is mzssing but is recited as above in Deed A. 18.
A.10. 2and 3 May, 1705. Indentures of Lease and Release of
these dates for effecting a mortgage, the parcies being (i) John Stratton
of Hardwick, co. Glos. his youngest s. Robert and another s. Thos.,
(ii) Rich. Lewis, of Corsham. The sum advanced is £500. The
property mortgaged is the Northfields 26 ac,, in the Starchfield near
Dodford Mill 8 ac., The Downfield 6 acres, the Heath 8 acres, the
Hide, Napps, the Wood and the Mead plot together 180 ac., the Wood
3 ac., and the Five Acres all situate in Nether or Upper Seagry late in
oceup" of st John S., nephew of Robert S., late of Nether Seagry, gent.
dec. and now of Ann S. sp., the premises being granted to her for 10
yts by will of s¢ R.S., dec., dated 1 Sept., 1699.
The two deeds are both signed and sealed by John S., Robert S., and
Thomas S., the seals (not armorial) being in good condition.
Endorsed with receipt for £500 paid to KR. S. and T’. S.
Witnesses W™-. Phillpott, Robt. Pinnell, A. Martyn, Tho. Hulbert.
A.11. 4 May, 1705. Deed to lead to the use of the fine in respect of
the lands mentioned in the Lease and Release of 2 and 3 May, 1705,
the indenture being between the same parties.
Signed and sealed (not armorial) by R. 8. and T. 5S.
Witnesses A. Martyn, Tho. Hulbert.
A. 12. Fine dated Haster 4 Anne (1705) Rich. Lewis, arm., quer.
and John Stratton, gen., Robert Stratton and Tho* Stratton, def.,
128 ac. land, 9 ac. meadow, 98 ac. pasture, 3 ac. wood and commons of
pasture for all kinds of animals in Upper and Nether Seagry. |
A. 13. 24 and 25 Apr., 1706. Indentures of Lease and Kelease of
these dates for effecting a mortgage the parties being the same as in
Deeds A. 10. A further sum of £500 is advanced the additional
property brought into the mortgage being The Capitall Mess. situate
in Nether Seagry, 2 orchards belonging to the same, the Wainbarton
2 ac., the Sheepfields 18 ac., the Cowleaze 16 ac., the Moores, 9 ac., the
Grove 5 ac., Hares furlong 6 ac., Cowmead 8 ac, 4 ac. chargeable in
same, Battensham 3 ac., Alderham 2 ac., the Laines 1 ac., 21 Beasts
leazes in Cowmead—all these by will of Robt Stratton, dec., devized to
Ann S. for life. with remainder to Robt Stratton party to this deed—
before end of Trinity Term a fine to be levied.
Signed and sealed (not armorial) John 8., Robt S., Tho. S.
Endorsed with receipt for £500 paid to Robt §., JohnS., and Tho. S.
Witnesses W™ Phillpott, John Hibberd, Robt Pinnell, A. Martyn,
Geo. Draper.
A. 14. 26 Apr., 1706. Mrs Stratton’s Surrender.
An indenture between (i.) Anne Stratton of Nether Seagry, sp., (ii.)
296
The Socrety’s MSS. The Deeds of Seagry House.
Robt Stratton of Hardwicke, co. Glouc., gent, s. of John S. of same,
whereby for £280 paid to her she gives up poss" of the lands mentioned
in deeds A. 10.
Signed and sealed (not armorial) Ann Stratton.
Endorsed with receipt of £280 paid to Ann Stratton.
Witnesses W™ Phillpott, A. Martyn.
A. 15. Fine dated Trinity 5 Anne (1706). Rich. Lewis arm. quer.
and John Stratton, gen., Robt Stratton, and Tho’ Stratton def. 2 mess.,
2 orchards, 10 ac. land, 80 ac. meadow, 45 ac. pasture, cominons of
pasture for 21 beasts and all kind of animals in Upper and Nether
Seagry.
A. 16. 1 Aug., 1707. A further Mortgage for £50 being an
Indenture of this date between (i.) Robt Stratton of Hardwicke, co.
Glouc., gent , (ii.) Tho* Lewis of Subberton,;co. Southten, Ksq., Exr of
last Will of Rich. L. of Corsham, co. Wilts, Esq., dec., wherein are
recited the deeds and fines of the previous mortgages, these mortgages
confirmed and a further mortgage of £50 on the same properties
granted.
Signed and sealed (not armorial) Robert Stratton.
Endorsed with receipt of £50 paid to Kh. S.
Witnesses A. Martyn, Wal. Gibbons.
A. 17. 29 Sept., 1709. The mortgage transferred to M'™ Martyn
and increased to £1188 10s. Od. by an Indenture tripartite between (i)
Tho® Lewis (ii) Robt Stratton, now of Nether Seagry (iii) Grace Martyn
of Hinton in Steeple Ashton, widow of John Martin, late of the same.
Signed and sealed by Tho. Lewis and Robt Stratton two armorial
seals, one possibly that of LEWIS . . a lion rampant.
Endorsed with receipts of payment of £1188 10s. Od. to T. L. and of
£261 9s. 6d. to R.S.
Witnesses Hen. Horton, Tho. Stileman, A. Martyn.
A.18. 22 and 23 March, 1710. Lease and Release of these dates
with a Grant of the following Lands and hereditaments—the Hide,
Napps, the Wood, Mead Platt, the Coppice 120 ac., Northfield 8 ac., the
Heath 7 ac., Five Acres 5 ac., Downfield 7 ac., Starchfield 11 ac. with
Commons of pasture for 20 beasts and sheep in Starchfield . . all
these lying in Nether Seagry, Upper Seagry and Staunton, the parties
being (i) Robert Stratton of Nether Seagry, his father John S. of
Hardwick co., Glouc , and his brother Tho* 8. of Hardwick, son and
heir app. of,s? John S., (ii) Joseph Houlton, the younger of Trowbridge
gent.
£1800 is paid to Robert 8, and 5/- apiece to John S. and Tho’ S., and
the property sold to Joseph Houlton . . £1580 10s. Od. of the s*
£1800 is to be paid to M'™* Grace Martyn, widow and exec. of John M.,
gent, dec., in settlement of her mortgage, A. 17., and the residue of
the term of the mortgage is to be assigned to Robert Houlton, clothier,
and Joseph Cooke, malster, in trust for Joseph H. ‘to attend and goe
along with the freehold which he has purchased and in trust for
Robert Stratton in respect of the Capitall Messuage and the land
% oo
By Canon F. H. Manley. 297
going withit’ . . A schedule of the deeds of the property is attached
to the indenture of Release and Grant, these being the deeds, A. 1 to
A 9, givenabove . . the deeds handed over to Joseph H. for safe
custody, but inasmuch as these also relate to the title of the Capitall
Messuage and lands going with it now in possession of Anne Stratton,
sp., for her life, and on her death the freehold possession of Robert S.,
these latter to have access to these deeds if necessary.
Signed and sealed (not armorial) by Robt S., John §., Tho* 8.
Kndorsed with payments of £219 10s. Od. to Robert S. and
£1580 10s. Od. to M** Martyn.
Witnesses Harman King, attorney at ‘lrowbridge, James Skues,
clothworker by Trowbridge, John Wild, Tho* Willett, clerk to H. K.,
Nathaniel Houlton, son of s¢? Mt Houlton, Gab. Goldney, clothier in
Chipp™.
A. 19. 24 March, 1710. An assignment from M*™ Grace Martyn.
by direction of M* Robert Stratton, to M' Robt Houlton and M* Jos,
Cooke, in trust for M' Jos. Houlton and M* Robt Stratton, being an
Indenture Quadripartite of this date, the parties being (i) Robt S., (ii)
M*® Martyn, (iil) Jos. H., the younger, (iv) Robt H., clothier, and Jos.
C, malster, both of Trowbridge. M's Martyn having been paid
£1580 10s. Od, the amount due on her mortgage dated 29 Sept., 1709,
A. 17, she assigns the remainder of the term of the mortgage to R. H.
and J. C. in trust for M' J. H. and M' R.S8., so that the remainder of
the term in respect of the property purchased by M' J. H. should go
with the freehold, and the remainder of the term in respect of the
property, the inheritance of M' R. 8., should go with that freehold.
Signed and sealed (not armorial) Robt Stratton, Grace Martyn.
Endorsed with receipt of payment to Grace Martyn of £1580 10s. Od.
Witnesses A. Martyn, Harman King, Tho’ Stileman.
A. 20. 2 July, 1744. An assignment of Mortgage being an in-
denture of this date between (i) Jos. Houlton of Farleigh Hungerford,
and Robt H. of Grittleton, (ii) Sam! Martyn of Chipp™, (iii) Robt
Stratton of Nether Seagry reciting an indent. of 13 May, 1724, between
(i) R. S., Gi) Jos. Houlton of Grittleton, now dec., which was a mort.
for £300 on Cowleaze 18 ac., and Sheepfield with mill furlong, 24 ac.,
adjoining the Mansion in Nether Seagry where M™ Anne Stratton was
then dwelling,and also reciting the terms of the indenture of assignment
of 24 March, 1710, and the Lease and Release of 24th and 25th Apr.
1706 ,in which these fields were included, now the mortgage on these
fields is increased to £517 2s. Od. and transferred to Sam! Martyn.
Signed and sealed Rob‘ Stratton, the seal is armorial—apparently
Ar. 2 bars gu. MARTIN bearing an escutcheon of pretence—a unicorn’s
head and in chief 3 lozenges conjoined.
Witnesses Sam. Martyn, jn., Uriah Tarrant.
WILDING’S.
Bod. [i . - | Deed of purchase of date . . . by Joseph
Houlton [f*. of Nath H. ] from Nath' Godwin of St. Giles in the Fields,
298 The Society’s MSS. The Deeds of Seagry House.
co. Midd«., founder, and Jos. Holborow of Luckinton, free-mason of the
3 closes called ‘ Wilding’s’in Seagry, formerly ‘ Alcroft’s ’ 23 ac., subject
to the payment of two mortgages (i) dated 7 Feb., 1700, granted by
John Ferris, late of St.Giles, London, wiredrawer to Elias F. of
Malmesbury, apoth. of £100, (ii.) dated 11 Aug., 1701, granted by Kath.
Withers, late of Luckinton, sp., to st John Ferris and Anne, his mother,
also of £100.
This deed is missing, but is mentioned in Deed S.E. 2.
B. la. Trinity Term. 7 Geo.i. (1721). A Fine of this date between
Nathaniel Houlton, quer., and Joseph Houlton, arm., and Priscilla, his
wife, and Nathaniel Godwin, deforc., of 1 cottage, one orchard, 32 ac.
of land, 19 ac. of pasture and commons of pasture for all kinds of
animals in Langley Burrell and Seagry— £60.
B. 2. 8 Sept, 1738. Release and Covenant, being an Indenture
of this date between (i.) Nath! Houlton, Esq., of Seagry, one of the sons
of Jos. H., the elder, dec.; (i1.) Jos. H. of Farleigh Hungerford, Esq.,
and Robt H. of Grittleton, Esq., two other sons of Jos. H., the elder
dec.—under the Marr. Sett', 29 March, 1723, given later, Jos. H., the —
elder, had undertaken to pay off the Mortgages on ‘ Wilding’s,’ and also
a charge on the Tilshead estate, but this he had failed to do before his
death—to put an end to disputes in connection with the will of J. H.,
the elder, Nath. H. covenants to pay off these mortgages and charge,
and to release his brothers from any responsibility as. executors of
J. H., the elder’s will in the matter.
Signed Nath! Houlton, seal HOULTON Ar. on a fesse wavy, between
3 talbots heads, as many bezants.
Endorsed witnesses Sam! Lobb, Cha. Aland.
The Counterpart of the above deed is signed and sealed Joseph
Houlton, John Houlton, and endorsed by same witnesses.
B. 3. 19 Sept., 1768. Assignment and mutual covenants being
an Indenture between (i.) Mary Houlton, widow of Nath! H., (ii.) Robt
H., brother of Nath. H., and John H., nephew of s* Robt H. . .. the
mortgages on ‘ Wilding’s’ and charge on Tilshead estate not having
been paid off hefore;death of Nath. H., his executors, R. H. and J. H., ©
arrange with Mary H. for assignment to them and discharge of the
mortgages by them.
Signed and sealed Mary Houlton, Robt Houlton, John Houlton.
Endorsed witnesses Tho* Putt, Benj™ Incledon, Tho* Pollock, Jos. —
Bradley.
Piort’s.!
C.1. 2 May, 1715. Deed of purchase of this date by Jos. Houlton
1This farm is, no doubt, that described by Mr. Anketell, as formerly
rented by the Sealys and Benjamin, although his account of its past history
is wrong. From whom Edward Pyott purchased it we do not know. The
Homestead is number 192 in the Tithe Apport. map, and at that date it
was owned by Lord Mornington and occupied by Jesse Hayward with
118 ac. of land, Lord Mornington occupying himself the rest of the Seagry
House Estate, of which 132 ac. were in Seagry.
By Canon Ff, H. Manley. 299
[father of Nath! H.] from Edward Piott, gent. of a Mess. and Lands in
Nether Seagry, v2z.:—the?Home Close 4 ac., Brewers 4 ac, New
Tnclosures in Sandfurlong 8 ac., Shadwell 2 ac., inclosed out of Northfield
13 ac., Meadplot 2 ac., the Heath 4 ac, in Downmead the Great and
Little Ham, Shadwell Ham and the Stich together 10 ac., in the
Commonfield Meadhill, Wetland, the Lynch and Brickmead together
28 ac., 17 Beasts Leazes in Down Mead . . all these in Nether
Seagry, Somerford Bowles, and Stanton Quinton,
This farm in 1766 was in occ® of Mary Benjamin as tenant.
This deed is missing, but is mentioned in deed S.E. 2.
Edward Pyott., gent, was buried 7 Nov., 1735 (Seagry Register).
THE LOWER CROFTs.
D. 1. 8 June, 1671. A Lease for 99 years being an Indenture of
this date between (i.) Sir Robt Jason of Enfield, Barr‘. (i1.) Marg'
Knapp of Br4 Somerford, wid.
In consideration of surrender of a former lease by Rob' Jason, Esq.,
father of s4 Sir R. J., and payment of £40, he, the s4Sir R. J, lets to
M. K. these lands lying in the Commonfields of Somerford, viz :—6 ac.
in Downfield, in Broadfields 6 ac., in Westfields 6 ac., the Lower Crofts
10 ac., for 99 years if she, M. K., her son, Sam! K., and his son, W™ K.,
live so long, paying an annual rent of 9s. 4d, ‘ one good wholesome and
well-fede Choller of Brawne,’ or in lieu thereof 3s. 4d., also a herriot of
the best goods on death of either of them tenants in poss".
Signed Robert Jason, 1671. Seal lost.
Endorsed witnesses Robt Jason, jn., 1671, John Gastrell, Ric
Jackson. Also ‘surveyed 5 Sept., 1681, per W™ Robins sen! ibm,’ and
‘surveyed 27 Aug., 1696, per W™ White senes“- ibm.’
8 June, 1671. A counterpart of the above Lease signed by Margaret
Knapp’s mark, the witnesses being John Gastrell and Thos Webb.
D. 2. 10 Feb., 1698. A Lease for one year being an Indenture of
this date between (i.) Matth. Bluck of Hunsdon, co Hertford, and Rich.
Webb of the Inner Temple, exect® of last Will of Rich. Hawkins, late of
London, Kn‘, (ii.) Tho* Taylor, jn., of Allington, and W™ Beard of
same, of a Mess., with orchard, &c., 1 ac., and Sandhill Lease 3 ac.,
and in Courseham 1 ac., part of the Manor of Somerford Maltravers,
also the mess. called Fletchers, als the Churchhouse with orchard, &c.,
2. ac., in Outer Nithy 2 ac., in Crofts Corner 3 ac., in Broadfield 4 ac.,
in Westfield 4% ac., all parcel of same Manor, also 24 ac. in Downfield,
11 ac. in Broadfield, and 2 ac. in Westfield, in Sprietnam 2 ac., also
parcel of same Manor, also the lands mentioned in Lease of 8 June,
1671, to be held by T. T., jn, and W. B., to enable them to take a
Grant and Release, &c.
Signed and sealed (not armorial) Matth. Blucke, Ric. Webb.
Witnesses Jo. Smith, Rich. Browne, Kobt Southam.
D. 3. 11 Feb., 1698. Conveyance in fee in trust for Sam! Knapp.
An Indenture of this date between (i.) Matth. Bluck and Rich. Webb,
(ii.) Sam! Knapp of Broad Somerford, yeo., Tho* Taylor, jn., and Wm
Woe XLI,—NO. CXLIV. x
300
The Society's MSS. The Deeds of Seagry House.
Beard, in consideration of £216 the first parties convey the Mess® and
Lands mentioned in last Lease to T. T., }", and W™ Beard in trust for
Sam! Knapp.
Signed and sealed (not armorial) Matth. Blucke, Ric. Webb.
Endorsed with receipt for £216. Witnesses as in previous deed.
D. 4. 8 Nov., 1707. A mortgage of £70 raised on Fletchers, als the
Church House.
An Indenture of this date between (i.) Sam! K., T. '’., j2, and W
B., (ii.) Henry Bayliffe of Chippenham, the property mortgaged being
the mess. called Fletchers, als the Churchhouse in Bré Somerford with
orchard, &c., one close adj. 2 ac., Lower Croft 10 ac., Southill 3 ac, 8
parcels in Brémead, 1 ac. in Courseham, 23 ac. in Downfield, 14 ac. in
Br‘field, 2 ac. in Westfield, 7 parcels in Spritnam, 2 ac.
Signed and sealed (not armorial) by the first parties.
Endorsed with receipt of £70 paid by W™ Beard to Sam! Knapp.
Witnesses A. Martyn, Sam! Martyn, Jam* Gastrell.
D. 5. 18 July, 1709. Sam! Knapp’s Will.
In the Name of God, Amen, &c., I devize unto Rich. Knapp my
younger son the Messuage, orchard and close adjoining 1 ac., heretofore
called Fletchers, Crofts, 10 ac., Sandhill 3 ac., in Courseham 1 ac., in
Sprittenham 7 parcels, in Downfield 24 ac., in Broadfield 2 ac., in
Westfield 34 ac., all parcel of the late Manor of Somerford Maltravers,
and being in Broad Somerferd.
Signed and sealed (a heart pierced with 2 darts) Samuell Knapp.
Witnesses Cha’ Church, John Mills, John West.
D. 6. 8 Jan., 1713. An Indenture Quadripartite of this date, the
parties being (i.) Sam! Knapp; (i1.) W™ Knapp his s.; (iii.) Henry
Bayliffe of Chipp™, (iv.) Tho® Taylor, jn, and W™ Beard. s
Mention is made that W™ Knapp has purchased from Sam! Knapp the
mess. and lands in deed of 8 Nov., 1707, except the Crofts, for £160,
paying off all mortgage charges. . . He, however, now obtains from
W™ Beard a mortgage of £60 on the property he has purchased, and
his father £40 on the Crofts, which still remains his property.
Signed and sealed (not armorial) by all the parties, and endorsed with
receipt for £40 paid by W™ Beard to S. K.
Witnesses A. Martyn, Sam. Martyn.
20 Apr., 1718. A Deed poll of S. K. of this date whereby he acknow-
ledges receipt of £5 from W™ Beard.to be a further charge on the ~
Crofts.
Signed and sealed (armorial) S. K.
Witnesses A. Martyn, W™ Beckett.
This pinned on to the Indenture, and a Bond of S. K. enclosed 8 Jan.,
1713.
D. 7. 28 May, 1717. Indenture Quadripartite of this date the
parties being (i.) W™ K., s.andh. of S. K., dec., (ii.) Rich. K. a younger
s. of S. K., dec; (iii.) Henry Bayliffe; (iv.) W™ Beard. . . Mention
is made that the £60 mortgage has been paid on Fletchers, als the
Churchhouse, also that Rich. Knapp, by his father’s will, has become
By Canon F. H, Manley, o01
owner of the Lower Crofts, the mortgage on which is now increased to
£70.
Signed and sealed (not armorial) by all the parties.
Endorsed with receipt of payment of £25 to R. K. by W™ B,
Witnesses A. Martyn, Rich. Wastfield.
Richard Knapp’s bond enclosed.
28 May, 1717. A counterpart of the above Deed.
D. 8. 28 June, 1720. Indenture Quadripartite of this date, the
parties being (i.) Henry Bayliffe, (i1.) W™ Beard, (i1.) Rich. Knapp,
{iv.) Robt Wilshire of Foscott. . . The mortgage on the Lower
Crofts 10 ac. is transferred to R. W. and increased to £100.
Signed and sealed (not armorial) Henry Bayliffe, W™ Beard, Rich.
Knapp.
Endorsed with receipt of payment of £80 15s. 10d. to W™ Beard, and
£19 4s. 2d. to R. K.
Witnesses Mary Spencer, John Martyn, Thos Simbs, Sam. Martyn.
Rich. Knapp’s Bond enclosed.
D. 9. 25 and 26 Jan., 1725, being a Lease and Release with Grant
from Mr Rich. Knapp and others to Mt Nath! Houlton; the parties to
the Release are (i.) Rich. Knapp of Br* Somerford, and Mary his w.,
Tho Taylor, j", and W™ Beard, (ii.) Nath' Houlton of Trowbridge,
clothier.—In consideration of £5 paid to R. K. by N. H., the Lower
Crofts 10 ac. are conveyed to N. H. subject to the payment of all
charges upon them due to Rob! Wiltshire now amounting to £170.
Signed and sealed (not armorial) Rich. Knapp his mark.
Endorsed with rec. for payment of £5 to R. K.
Witnesses Jos. Houlton, s", Jos. Houlton, j2, Tho* Willett.
D. 10. 27 Jan., 1725. An assignment from Mt Robt Wiltshire, by
direction of M ‘Knapp, to Jos. Houlton, Esq., in trust for M* Nath.
Houlton.
An Indent. Quad. of this date, the parties being (i.) R. K., T. T., j2,
and W™ Beard, (ii.) Robt Wiltshire, (ili.) Nath. H., (iv.) Jos. H. of
Hungerford Farley. The charges of £170 on the Lower Crofts due to
R. W. are paid off, and the remainder of the term of the mortgage
assigned to J. H. in trust forjN. H.
Signed by mark and sealed (not armorial) Rich. Knapp.
Endorsed with rec. of payment of £170.
Witnesses Jos. H., j», Tho® Willett.
CROMWELL’S LEAZE
E.1. 7 May, 1711. Conveyance in Fee being an Indenture of this
date between (i.) W™ Alexander, the elder, of Broad Somerford,clothier,
and Rich* Lawrence of same, gent., his surviving Trustee, (ii.) Rich.
Knapp of same, husbandman whereby for £36 W. A. and R. L. sell to
R. K, ‘ All that mess. with close 2 ac. in Br? Som4, on the south side of
the Lower Marsh, late in tenure or poss” of Tho* Crumwell, part of
Manor of Som? Maltravers, and all appur* to same belonging, except
see
302
The Society’s MSS. The Deeds of Seagry House.
2 ac. in Broadfield, 2 ac. in Westfield and one Beastleaze in Broadmead
formerly appertaining to this Mess.”
Signed Wi. Alexander, Rich. Lawrence, sealed (not armorial).
Endorsed with seisin of the mess. and receipt of payment of £36 to
W. A.
Witnesses Fra. Goodenough, Wm Alexander j" .
E. 2. 10 Apr., 1714. Mortgage of above premises for £30 to John
Paynter of Hilmarton, sergemaker, being an Indenture of this date
between (i.) Rich. Knapp of Bré Som4, husb", (ii.) J. P.
Signed and sealed (not armorial) Rich. Knapp.
Endorsed with rec. of £30, witnesses Walt Hanry, John Bull.
Rich. Knapp’s Bond enclosed.
E.3. 29 Dec., 1722. The mortgage increased to £40 and transferred
to Robt Wiltshire of Foscutt, yeo., being an Indenture tripartite of this
date between (i.) J. P., (ii.) R. K., (ii1.) R.W
Signed and sealed (not armorial) John Painter, Rich. Knapp’s mark.
Endorsed with J P.’s rec. for £30 and R. K’s rec. for £10. Witnesses
Sam. Martin, Ad™ Tuck.
Rich. Knapp’s Bond enclosed.
E. 4. 14 March, 1725. Assign' of the Mortgage from R. W., by
direction of R. K. to Mt Nath. Houlton of Trowbridge, clothier, ene
‘an Indent. trip. of this date between (i.) R. W., (ii.) R. K., (iii.) N. H.,
the mort. now being for £25.
Signed by mark and sealed (not armorial) Rich. Knapp.
Endorsed with R. W.’s rec. for £25, he having already been paid £15.
by R. K.
Witnesses Jos. Houlton, sen" Christopher Marven, Joshua Freem.
Bond of Rich. Knapp enclosed.
E. 5. 2 March, 1729. The assign' of 14 March, 1725, EH 4, and also.
that of 27 Jan., 1725, D 10, not having been duly executed by
Rob; Wiltshire, an assignment of both Mortgages is now made by his
daughters and joint exect*, being an Indent. Trip. of this date between
(i.) Rebecca and Ann Wiltshire, (ii.) Nath’ Houlton, (iii.) Jos. Houlton
of Farleigh Hungerford.
Signed and sealed (not armorial) Rebecca Wiltshire, Ann Wiltshire
Nath! Houlton.
Endorsed witnesses Charles Carwithin, clerk, Walt® Wiltshire.
E.6. 22 and 23 Sept, 1788. A Lease and Release of these dates in
respect of the mess. and close 2 ac. in br* Somerford on south side of
Lower Marsh, the parties to the Release being (i.) Rich? Knapp and
Mary his wife, (ii.) Jos Houlton of Hungerford Farleigh, (ii1.) Nath.
Houlton of Nether Seagry, whereby for £42 R. K. and his wife convey
the premises to Jos. H. in trust for Nath. H.
Signed and sealed (not armorial) Rich. Knapp’s mark, Nath. Houlton
Endorsed with receipt for £42, witnesses W™ Barrett, Cha* Barrett.
Also note of later date added “ House and close of Ground in Startley
formerly the Green man.”
E. 7. 23 Sept’, 1738. Release of Equity of Redemption, being
ad a a
By Canon F. H, Manley, — va: 303
an Indenture of this date between (i.) Richard Knapp, (ii.) Nath.
Houlton,whereby for £42 R. K assigns to N. H. all Equity of Redemp-
of the s* premises in respect of all the mortgages previously mentioned.
Signed with Rich. Knapp’s mark and sealed HOULTON. En-
dorsed with receipt for £42 witnesses W™ Barrett, Cha* Barrett.
BROBBIN’S CLOSE.
F.1. 7 April, 1686. A Marriage settlement, being an Indent.
Tripart. of this date the parties being (i.) Jasper Hibberd the elder, of
Seagry, yeo., (ii.) Jasper Hibberd the younger, his son, and Katharine
his wife, (i1i.) Rich. Pope, yeo., and John Morse, yeo., both of Daunt-
sey. In consid" of a marr. had between J. H.j», and Kath,, dt of
R. P. and of £100 paid by R. P. to J. P. s" as marr. portion, Jasper
Hibberd, s", grants unto R. P. and J. M. “ The Mess. called the Hide
house, now in poss” of Tho* Hull, butcher, situate in Upper Seagry,
with three closes of land adj® 13 ac., three Hams in the Common Mead
of Nether Seagry, 1 ac. adjn the Lynch and 6 Beasts Leases in the s#
Common Mead now in poss® of s* J. H.s"” to be held for use of s*
J. P. s" until death, then of J. P. j2 until death, then of his wife Kath.
until death, then of eldest son, &c.
Signed and sealed (armorial but illegible) Jasper Hibbard, sen’ en-
dorsed witnesses Christopher Simons, cl., Tho® Adeye, s", Tho® Adeye,
j=, Rodolph Simons.
F.2. 24 June, 1723. A mortgage deed being an Indenture of this
date between (i.) John Hibberd, of Seagry, yeo., only s. and h. of John
H. late of Seagry, (ii.) Elizabeth H. only dt of s¢ J. H., dec., for
securing payment of £500. By will of J. H., dec., dated 17 Sept., 1721.
Eliz. H. was given the Freehold Estate which her father had bought of
Alexander Pyott and the “ Ferrys’s Lease” which he bought of John
Wheeler, but subject to the condition that if within 2 yrs. of the dec. of
the st J. H., his s. J. H. should pay £500 tohiss. Eliz. H. that then she
should give up poss® of this property to her br. ‘The land purchased
from Alexander Pyott, Citizen and Draper of London, consisted of
“ Appletree Leaze,” 7 ac., “Sand Furlong,” 3 ac., “ North Field,” 10 ac.,
‘The Heath,” 3 ac., and that from John Wheeler, “ Ferrises Lease,”
5ac. Eliz. H. releases this property to her brother in consideration of
a Mortgage being raised upon it by him.
Signed and sealed (not armorial) John Hibberd.
Endorsed with payments by him amounting to £500.
Witnesses Chas. Bayliffe, Mary Bayliffe.
F.3. 14 and 15 July, 1731. Indentures of Lease and Release
of these dates, the parties to the Release being (i.) Jasper Hibberd, of
Seagry, yeo., Mark Newth, of Wootton Bassett, glazier, and Rebecca
his wife and Elizth Hibberd, of Seagry, sp., (ii.) Nath! Houlton, of
Trowbridge, clothier. In consideration of 5s. paid to J. H., £35, paid
to M. N.and Rebecca his wife, and £32 13s. Od., paid to E. H., they
convey to Nath. Houlton the Meadow “ Brobins’s Close,” 2 ac, in
Nether Seagry, Rebecca N. and Elizth H. are the daughters of John
Hibberd and grand-daughters of Jasper H., dec.
304 The Society's MSS. The Deeds of Seagry House.
Signed and Sealed (not armorial) by J. H., M. W., R. N., E. H.
Endorsed with payment of sums above-mentioned, witnesses Edw®
Pyott, John Mortimer.
THE BREACH.
G. 1. 5 July 1636. -Chattle Lease for 3 lives, being an Indenture
of this date between (i.) Walter Longe, of Draycott Cerne, Knt (ii.)
Aldome Comly, of Rodborne, husbandman whereby W. L. lets to A. C.
for 99 years, should A. C., his now wife Edith and his son Aldome
Comly live so long, his commons of pastures in the pasture ground —
called the West Breache in Broad Sommerford on payment of £8 and
an annual rent of 10s.
Signed Walter Longe, seal lost.
Endorsed witnesses W™ Batten, Henry Mena!
Endorsed also with a Deed Poll dated 9 May, 1670, whereby Aldam
Comly, of Langley in Kington St Michael, yeo., assigns to John
Stevens, the elder, of Stanton Quinton, yeo., all his interest in the
‘West Breach ” mentioned in the above Indenture.
Signed and Sealed (not armorial) Aldam Comly.
Witnesses Danniell Tanner, John Tanner’s mark.
G. 2. 29 and 13 Dec., 1665. Indentures of Lease and Release
of these dates, the parties to the Release being (i.) Walter Longe of
Marlboro’, Esq , (ii.) Stephen Alesope, eld. s. of Henry A., of Westerley,
co. Glouc, yeo., whereby for £22 W. L. grants to S. A. his 20 ac. of
pasture ground in ‘The Breach,” Great Somerford, and commons of
pasture for 20 Rother beasts in “The Breach,” now in the poss" of
Aldelme Comley and subject to his Lease determinable with his death.
« . + mention of Lady Elizabeth Longe, dec., mother of W. L.
Signed Walter Long, seal lost.
Endorsed witnesses Rich. Goodenough, Hen. Witt, John Tussell.
G. 3. 14 and 14 Nov., 1678. Indentures of Lease and Release of
these dates the parties to the Release being (i.) Stephen Alesope of
Stanton Quinton, yeo., (ii.) Ayliffe Keynes, of Rodbourne, gent. swherely
for £45 S. A. grants to A. K. the above property.
Signed and sealed (not armorial) Stephen Alsop.
Endorsed witnesses Francis White, W™ Stevens, Tho. Brewer.
Enclosed Bond of 8. A. to A. K.
G. 4 9 Apr., 1694. Mortgage Deed, being an Indenture of this
date between (1.) Ayliffe Keynes, of Rodbourne, gent., (ii.) Elizabeth —
Ferris, of same wid. whereby £80 is advanced by E. F. to A. K. on the
above property.
Signed Ayliffe Kaynes and sealed (armorial).
Endorsed witnesses J. Stratton, Tho. Brewer, and receipt for £30.
9 Apr., 1694. Counterpart of the above Mortgage Deed.
Signed Elizabeth Ferris and sealed (not armorial).
Endorsed witnesses Tho. Brewer, Christian Chivers.
G. 5. 20 Jan., 1732. An Assignment of Mortgage, being an
Indenture of this date between (i.) John Kaynes, of Devizes, wool- —
By Canon F. H, Manley. 305
stapler (ii.) Edward Adye, of Seagry, cooper. By the Will of Elizth
Ferris, dec. the above mortgage was left to her “cousin John Kaynes,
son of Ayliffe Kaynes,” and he on payment of £21 assigns it to Edward
Adye.
Signed John Kaynes and sealed (armorial).
Endorsed with receipt of £21. Witnesses Israel May, Eliz. Player’s
mark,
G. 6. 5 and 6 Jan., 1738. Indentures of Lease and Release of
these dates, the parties to the Release being (i.) Ayliffe Kaynes, of
Rodbourne, gent., eld. s. and h. of A. K., late of R. dec., gent., (ii.)
Nath! Houlton, of Seagry, Esq., whereby for £21 A. K. grants to N. H.
the 20 ac. of pasture called “The Breach,’ in Grt Somerford and
commons of pasture for 20 Rother beasts in “ The Breach,” subject to
the Mortgage upon the property.
Signed and sealed (not armorial) Ayliffe Keyns.
Endorsed with rec. for £21. Witnesses Chas’ Carwithen, W. Collins.
G. 7. 9 Jan, 1738. Assignment of Mortgage to attend Fee, being
an Indenture Trip. of this date the parties being (i.) Edw? Ady, of
Seagry, cooper, (ii.) Ayliffe Kaynes, of Rodbourne, gent., (iii.) Nath.
Houlton, of Seagry, Esq, and Robt Houlton, of Grittleton, Esq.,
whereby for £21 paid to him by N. H. and 5s., paid to him by R. H.,
E. A. assigns to R. H. in trust for N. H. his interest in the s* premises,
Signed and sealed (not armorial) Edw4 Adye, Ayliffe Keynes, Nath.
Houlton.
Endorsed with rec. for £21. Witnesses Cha® Carwithen, W. Collins,
Lone HEDGE LEAZE.
H. 1. 16 Oct, 1734. Deed of purchase by Nathaniel Houlton
from Thos Crew, and others of one close in Seagry, “ Long-hedge
Leaze,” 7 acres, W™ Latcham being Tenant in 1766.
This Deed missing but mentioned in Deed S.B.2. See Deed N 2.
Prior’s MEap.
I. 1. 20 Sept., 1717. Indenture of this date between Heanage
Walker, of Hadley, co. Middlesex, Esq , and John Chapman, of Weston,
co. Somt clerk whereby H. W. for payment of £88 lets to J. C. for 99
years if Ann Satchell, relict of W™S., late of S. James’, Clerkenwell,
gent., dec. and formerly Ann Lambert, d' of Robt L., gent., should
happen so long to live at yearly rent of 10s. perann, all that parcel
of meadow ground called ‘*‘ Prior’s Mead,” 10 ac. lying near the parish
of Seagry by in the parish of Lyneham.
Signed Heanage Walker. Seal ‘a chevron between 3 stags’ heads
antlered.”
Endorsed with receipt for £88. Witnesses Cha’ Heneage, Geo.
Buckby.
I. 2. 5 Aug.,1730. Indenture of this date between John Chapman,
of Weston, co. Somt clerk, and Nathaniel Houlton, of Trowbridge,
gent., reciting indenture of Lease of “ Pryor’s Mead,” by Heanage
306
The Society’s MSS. The Deeds of Seagry House.
Walker to John Chapman, dated 10 Oct., 1717, determinable with
life of Martha Chapman, now dec., d¥ of J. C., also reciting another
indenture of Lease between the same parties of ‘ Pryor’s Mead,” dated
25 Jan., 1721, determinable with life of John Chapman, son of J. C.,
clerk, now this Indenture witnesseth that for the sum of £200 John
Chapman, clerk, assigns to Nath! Houlton all his estate in “ Pryor’s
Mead.”
Signed John Chapman. Sealed (not armorial).
Endorsed with receipt for £200. Witnesses Walt. Hanry, Cha’ Aland.
IT. 3. 24 Aug., 1758. Indenture of Lease of this date between John.
Walker, of Lyneham, and Mary Houlton, of Seagry, widow, ex. of last
will of Nath. Houlton, of Seagry, James Frampton, of Moreton, co.
Dorset, Esq., and Henry Walters, of Bath Easton, co. Som., Esq.,
Devizees, of s* last will, whereby on surrender of Leases dated 10th
Oct., 1717, and 25 Jan., 1721, and payment of Fine £26 ds. Od., a
new Lease of ‘“ Prior’s Mead” is granted to Mary Houlton, &c., at
yearly rent 10s., determinable with deaths of Elizabeth now wife of
3 ome coined co. Berks, late Elizth Chapman aged about 50,
etn Chapman, of Newton St. Loe, clerk, aged about 47, and Joseph,
son of Robt Houlton, of Bristol, grocer, aged about 9.
Signed John Walter. Seal “a chev. engr. between 3 bezants, &c”
WALKER.
Endorsed witnesses Wad. Locke, Harry Willoughby.
Seacry House Estate.
S.E.1 28 and 29 March, 1723. Mt Nath! Houlton’s settlement
on marriage with Miss Newnton. Deeds of Lease and Release
of these dates, the latter being an Indenture Quadripartite the parties
being (i.) Jos. Houlton, of Grittleton, and Nath. H. of Trowbridge, his
s., (ii.) Francis Newton, of Taunton, and Mary his dr (iii) Robt H. of
Trowbridge ; Jos. H. jun., of Hungerford Farley, s. of s¢ Jos. H.;
Francis Newnton, jt of Bishopps Hull and John N., of Tiverton, sons
of st Francis N., (iv.) Benj. Jarvis, clothier, of Trowbridge and John
Blake, sergemaker, of St. James, n* Taunton. . - . inconsideration
of a marriage portion of £2,500 on part. of Mary Newton, Jos. Houlton
puts into settlement for his son (i.) the Hide, the Knapps, the Wood,
Mead Platt, and the Coppice around which all adjoin 180 ac. together
with the messuage and outhouses erected thereon by him Jos. Houlton,
also the Heath 7 ac., the Five Acres 5 ac., Downfields 7 ac., in Common
Mead called Starchfield in Nether Seagry 11 ac. and comons for 20
beasts in Starchfield, &c., all these in Nether and Upper Seagry and
Staunton (ii.) 3 parts in 4 of Messuage with Dove house and lands in
Tilshead, sometime parcel of the Manor of Steeple Ashton, two parts
were purchased by Jos. H., gr. f. of Nath. H., from W™ Wallis,
of Grovely, and one was purchased by Jos. H., f. of N. A. from
Thos Stevens, of Stowerpaine, (iii.) Wildings, 23 ac. in Seagry .
the trustees for these properties being Benj. Jarvis and John Blake,
one of the parties in the above Lease.
|
|
By Canon F. H, Manley. 307
Besides these properties there is put into Settlement the leasehold
for 99 years of “ All that new erected Mess. in ‘Trowbridge adjoining
the Mess. now in poss” of s? Jos. Houlton, the elder, with all work-
houses, d&c., made use of in the clothing trade, &c., one chamber over
the panteryes in the old buildings lately enjoyed by the s* Joseph
Houlton, dec., and the little roome called the Smoakeing room lately
built, &c.” . . . A Lease of this property had been granted 28
Feb., 1723, for 99 years by Jos. Houlton the father, and Jos. Houlton
his son, to Nathaniel Houlton, . . . the trustees in respect of the
settlement of this property being the third parties in this Indenture of
Release.
Jos, H., the father undertakes to pay off the Mortgages on Wildings
and a charge on the Tilshead Estate. . . . mention of the Galley
living in Trowbridge.
Signed and sealed by all the parties, seals mostly armorial.
Endorsed with receipt for £2,500 by N. Houlton.
Witnesses John Grant, of 'aunton, fuller; Peter Courtenay, Clark
of Pauls; Geo. Hellier, Clerk to Mr. Jeane, of Taunton ; Tho’ Lucas,
a Baptist minister; W™ Wraxall, merchant in Bristol; Thos Willeet,
Attorney-at-Law ; John Jeans, of Taunton.
S. BE. 2 29 Sept 1766. Indenture Tripartite of this date between
(i.) Mary Houlton, of Bath, widow, of Nath’ H., late of Seagry, Esq.
dec., Thos Putt, of Coombe, co. Devon, Esq., arid Benj" Incledon, of
Pilton, co. Devon, Esq., (ii.) John Houlton, of Grittleton, Esq., (iii.)
Thos Pollok, of Grittleton, Dt of Laws, and Edmund Wilkins, of
Malmesbury, Esq. By virtue of her Marr. Settlement, 29 March,
1723, and last Will of her husband N. H., dec., dated 12th Jan., 1754,
Mary Houlton is in poss® for life of the messuages and lands herein-
after mentioned and she agrees to let them for her life to John Houlton
on payment of an annual rent of £140.
The Seagry House Estate consisting of (1) the Mansion House
commonly called Seagry House with app® late in occup” of s* M. H.,
(ii.) Four closes, viz., the Hide, the Knapps, the Wood, the Meadsplatt
-and a Coppice or Wood ground together 180 ac., also the Northfields
28 ac., the Heath 7 ac., the Five Acres 5 ac., the Field Grounds als
Downfields 7 ac., also 11 ac. in Starchfield, nt Dodford Mill and
commons of pasture for 20 Beasts in Starchfield, &c. . . . all these
purchased by Joseph Houlton, father of Nath! H. from Robert
Stratton, of Nether Seagry, gent., and others and are now in occup”" of
W™ [Latham as tenant, (il1.) Three closes 20 ac., “* Wildings,” formerly
* Alcroft,” purchased by s? J. H. from Nath. Godwin, of St. Giles in
the Fields, founder, and Jos. Holborough, of Luckinton, freemason,
now in the occup" of W™ Latham, as tenant, (iv.) Messuage in Nether
Seagry, and app§ and Home Close 4 ac. adjoining, ‘“‘ Brewers” 4 ac.,
the New Inclosures 8 ac., Shadwell 2 ac., 13 ac. inclosed out of North-
field, Meadplott 2 ac. adjoining, the Heath 4 ac., 10 ac. dispersed in
Down Mead, 28 ac. in the Commonfield of Seagry and Common of
pasture for 17 Beasts in the same. . . . all these purchased by s@
Jos. H., 2 May, 1715, from Edward Piott, gent.,and now are in
308
The Society's MSS. The Deeds of Seagry House.
occ2 of Mary Benjamin as tenant, (v.) close called “ the lower Croft ”
10 ac. in Broad Somerford, purchased 26 Jan., 1725, by Nath! Houlton
from Rich Knapp and others, now in occ? of W™ Latham as tenant,
(vi.) Messuage with close 2 ac. in Broad Somerford on South side of
Lower Marsh, purchased 23 Sept, 1738, by Nath!»Houlton from
Rich* Knapp and Mary his wife, now in occ” of Edmund Ballas tenant,
(vi.) Brobbins Close 2 ac. in Nether Seagry, purchased 15 July, 1781,
by Nath! Houlton from Jasper Hibberd and others now in occ® of Mary
Benjamin as tenant, (vii.) 20 ac. called “the Breach” in Great Somer-
ford and commons for 20 Rother Beasts in the same purchased 6th Jan.,
1738, by Nath! Houlton, from Ayliffe Keynes, gent., now in occ® of
W™ Latham as tenant, (vili.) close called Long-hedge Leaze 7 ac. in
Seagry purchased 16 Oct, 1734, by Nath Houlton from Thos Crew
and others now in occ® of W™ Latham as tenant, (ix.) Leasehold
meadow ground “ Prior’s Mead,” held under Lease dated 24 Aug., 1758,
with all rights pertaining to these various properties.
A Fine to be levied.
Signed Mary Houlton, Thos Putt, Benj. Incledon, Tho Pollock,
Edm? Wilkins, and sealed . . ._ the first three seals armorial.
Endorsed. Witnesses James Terry, Jos. Smith, W™ Putt, Edm?
Cran, John Rogers, John Jury, Jos. Bradley, Jos. Ayliffe.
Also with statement that on 28 Nov., 1766, seisin was taken of above
premises by Edm‘ Wilkins for Mary Houlton and delivered by him
for her to John Houlton.
29 Sept., 1766. Counterpart of Lease of Seagry House Estate.
Signed John Houlton, seal armorial.
Endorsed witnesses James Terry, Jos. Smith.
S.E. 3. 7 Geo. III. in 15 days of St. Martin (1766). Fine between
John Houlton, Esq., Plt., and Mary Houlton, widow, Deforc. of 3 mess.
1 Cottage, 1 toft, 1 dove house, 3 barns, 3 stables, 3 gardens, 5 orchards,
100 ac. land, 50 ac. meadow, 250 ac. pasture, 20 ac. wood, pasture for
57 beasts and 200 sheep, commons of pasture and free fishery in the
River Avon with app* in parishes of Seagry, Broad Somerford, and
Stanton St. Quintin, in terms of previous deed, J. H. paying to M. H. —
£360 sterling.
(in duplicate).
S.E.4. 1 and 2 Decr.1766. Lease and Release of these dates of
the Seagry House Estates the parties being (i) Robert Houlton, of
Grittleton, Esq., brother of Nath. H., late of Seagry, Esq., dec. and
John H., of Grittleton, esq., nephew of st N. H., (ii) Geo. Green, of
Fleet St., London, gent. The Lease for one year is signed by the first
parties and sealed (armorial) and endorsed with witnesses, Jobn
Hewett and Isaac Jaques. The Release being a deed to lead to the
uses of a Recovery for purpose of docking entail has lost the signature
of the parties but is endorsed with the witnesses to the signatures—
John Hewett, Isaac Jaques, Fra’. Spratt, Tho’. Wale, Jos. Bradley, and
Jos. Ayliffe. This deed is an Indenture Tripartite, the parties being
(i) and (ii) as before, (ili) Jos. Smith, of Bradford, co. Wilts.
2
By Canon PF. H, Manley, 309
S.E.5. 5 and 6Nov., 1770. Lease and Release of these dates of
the Seagry House Estate.
The parties are the same as in the previous deeds.
The Lease for one year is signed Robt. Houlton, John Houlton, Geo.
Green, and sealed and endorsed with signatures of witnesses Edm4.
Wilkins. Dan'. Clutterbuck, Fra’. Spratt, Robt. Spottiswoode.
The Release being a deed to make a tenant to the preecipe and to lead
to the uses of a Recovery is an Indenture Tripartite for purpose of dock-
ing entail, the parties being (i) and (ii) as in Lease, and (iii) Jos. Smith of
Bradford, co. Wilts. This deed is signed and sealed (not armorial) by
all the parties and endorsed with witnesses—Edm*. Wilkins, Dan.
Clutterbuck, Fra’. Spratt, Robt. Spottiswoode.
S.E.6. 1770. A survey of part of the Lands of Seagry in the
County of Wilts belonging to Capt. Houlton, surveyed &c. by John
Powell.
A map of the Garden and five fields about 18 acres.
S.E. 7. 1771. A survey of part of Seagry belonging to Capt.
Houlton d&c., by John Powell.
A map of the Avenue and five woods, about 21 acres.
K. 1. 1 Jan,1772. An Indenture of this date between (i.) Geo.
Searle Bayliffe, John Lloyd, Esq., and Mrs Susanna Lloyd, (ii.) John
Houlton, Esq., of Seagry, being an exchange of land, by the first parties,
part of the estate of Cha‘ Bayliffe, dec., now in poss" of the first parties,
in Seagry for land in Langley Burrell, the poss» of John Houlton, The
land in Seagry is the Garden Heath 2ac. 3r. 274p. with 3r. 17p. garden,
late part of it, together with cottage in occup" of Tho* Miles lr. 14p.,
also Goss-croft 3ac. 15p., and Little Heath adjoining 2ac. 164p., and
the land in Langley Burrell is Oldborow l0ac. 3r. 5p. A Fine to be
levied.
Signatures and seals of the four parties and duly witnessed.
K. 2. Feb. 1772. Copy of the Fine levied at this date, 1 mess., 2
gardens, 10 ac. meadow, 10 ac. pasture with app. in Seagry, £60,
L. 1. 6 June, 1772, Surrendered on receipt of £10/10/0 by Tho*
Miles, he being put into a cottage in Seagry Street for his own life and
that of his wife Grace, a Lease with Counterpart dated 1 March, 1758,
this being an Indenture between (i.) Cha* Bayliffe late of Chippenham,
eld. s. and h. of Chas B. late of Seagry, dec. gent, and Geo. B. another
s., (ii.) Tho* Miles of Seagry, yeo., in respect of a cottage in Hen Lane,
Seagry,
Signed and sealed by the parties and duly witnessed.
M. 1. 6 April, 1773. Counterpart of Release in Fee, being an
Indenture of this date between (i.) John Houlton of Seagry, Esq, (ii.)
Joseph Colborne of Hardenhuish, Esq., whereby J. H. sells to J. C. for
£803 14s. 6d. the following lands in Langley Burrell—White’s 8 ac.,
Little Goare 4 ac., Lower White’s 6 ac., Bullock’s Patch 1 ac.
Signed Joseph Colborne and sealed (not armorial).
Witnesses Gab. Goldney, Sarah Goldney.
N. 1. 16 Dec., 1777. Deed to lead to the uses of a Fine, being an
310
The Society’s MSS. The Deeds of Seagry House.
Indenture of this date, the parties being (i.) Rob. Hollis of Seagry,
woolstapler, and Eliz. his wife, (ii) John Houlton, Esq., of Seagry,
(ii.) W™ Latcham of Grittleton, gent, and John Hiscock of Rowde, yeo.
R. H. and E. his wife covenant with John Houlton that they will levy
a Fine in respect of a newly-erected messuage in Upper Seagry with
stables, &c., and Heath Leaze 2 ac. adjoining, mention is made of an
Indenture of Bargain and Sale dated 14th March, 1761, the parties being
Gi.) Rob. Hollis, (ii.) Edward Duck of Notton, timber merchant, and
Eliz. Hollis, then Eliz. Duck, sp., (ili.) W™ L. and J. H.
Signed Rob. Hollis, Eliz. Hollis, John Houlton, and sealed.
Witnesses G. S. Bayliffe, W™ Beak.
WN. 2. 21 March, 1778. Deed of Exchange, being an Indenture of
this date between (i.) John Houlton of Seagry, Esq., (ii.) Rob. Hollis of
Seagry, woolstapler, and Eliz. his wife, W™ Latcham, and John
Hiscock, . . A certain Indenture of Bargain and Sale dated 14 March,
1761, as in previous deed, is recited being the Marriage Settlement of
Robert Hollis and Eliz. Duck, among the property settled was the
newly-erected messuage, &c., mentioned in previous deed . . this
Indenture witnesseth that W. L.and J. H. with consent of R.and E. H.
grant the above property to John Houlton in exchange for the close
‘Hedge Leaze’ 7 ac. in Seagry. See Deed H 1.
Signed and sealed by all the parties.
No signatures of witnesses.
Hrratum.
In map on page 290 for “ Ayliffe Kaynes’s ” read “ Cromwell’s.”
*
dll
REPORT ON HUMAN REMAINS RECEIVED FROM
Mr. A. D. PASSMORE.
By Sir Arruaur Kerra, M.D., F.R.S.
Conservator of\the Museum, Royal College of Surgeons.
|.—Cremated remains from Barrow, Wanborough, Wilts (W.A.J/,, xxviii.,
282).
All that can be said from an examination of the fragments is that
only one individual is represented, an adult, of small size, under 5ft.
Ain. in height, no certain indication of sex, but from the presence of a
dagger suspect the remains to be of a man.
2—Remains from Smeeth Ridge, Ogbourne, with Pottery Vase of Bronze
Age (W.A.W., xxxviii,. 588).
A complete skeleton is represented but there is not a single long
bone unbroken. From a comparison of the fragments with skele-
tons in this museum I infer that they are the remains of a man of
small stature, about 5ft. 24in. or 3in. Only the right half of the
forehead and the right parietal and the right temporal bones of
the skull were found, but from these fragments one can infer
that the original total length of the skull was 180—182mm., its width
was 145mm ; the height of the roof above the ear holes 118mm. The
relation of width to length of skull was approximately 80: 100: the
cephalic index being thus about 80, and the individual thus falling
within the round-headed group. The supra-orbital ridges are strongly
developed. ‘The ankle bone, or astragalus, shows the short neck and
extended articular facets seen in pre-Roman inhabitants of Britain ;
the “ squatting ” facet is present on the lower end of the tibia. The
upper shaft of the thigh bone is flattened from back to front (31mm.
by 25mm.), while the upper part of the leg bone shows a moderate
amount of side-to-side flattening (34mm. xX 19mm.). The most re-
markable character lies in the smallness of the teeth. A fragment of
the lower jaw is present, bearing the lower incisor teeth, and the
canine, premolar, and first molar of the right side. So small are
the teeth, relatively to the size of the jaw, that the canine is isolated
from the other teeth— the space between the canine and first premolar
measuring 5°5mm., while that between the canine and lateral incisor
measures 3'5mm. ‘The first molar has the enamel worn from its chew-
ing surface, the dentine being exposed within a rim of enamel, This
individual has the stature so often seen in the Neolithic British, but
his head form—so far as one can infer—approximates to that of the
‘‘ beaker ” people.
3.—Human remains from Swindon, now at the British Museum, Nat.
History.!
A complete skeleton is represented, but unfortunately the skull has
been broken, compressed, and distorted by earth pressure, and large
1 Found with Cup No. I, illustrated W.A.d/., xxxviil., 42. ‘his is an
important find, being one of the few authenticated cases of a Beaker
occurring with a dolichocephalic skull.—A. D. P.
312 Report on Human Remains received from Mr. A. D. Passmore.
parts of the face and base are missing. The skeleton is that of a
woman, probably 22—923 years of age, the wisdom teeth being fully
erupted but unused ; all the growth lines in the long bones are closed
save along the crests iof the pelvis and between the sacral vertebrae.
All the sutures between the bones of the skull are open, the thickness
of bone in the vault measuring from 4 to 5mm. There is in this
museum the skeleton of a modern woman 5bft. 2in. in stature, with
bones of rather delicate build, probably the skeleton of a woman of
easy virtue. The stature of this ‘‘ Barrow” woman is slightly greater
than that of this modern individual—5dft. 24in. I have instituted a
very full comparison of these two skeletons but it would take us too
far afield to discuss the results here. ‘The points of difference are
numerous and significant and I suspect most of them indicate structural
changes which have resulted from the difference between ancient and
modern conditions of life. The ancient woman is more robustly built
in all her bones, her pelvis is smaller, while the femora and humeri of
both are of about the same length. The bones of the leg and of the
forearm are nearly 10mm. longer in the ancient woman. The fingers
of the latter woman were longer and stronger.
As regards head form one is compelled to resort to inference owing
the post-mortem distortion. The occipital bone is prominent and con-
vex, not flattened as is usual in women of the “‘ Beaker” people—but
as is the rule in Neolithic British people. J infer that the original
length of the skull was 179mm., its width 133mm., the height of the
vault above the ear-holes (in the Frankfort plane) 115mm. The
cephalic index was thus about 74, bringing the skull within the long or
dolichocephalic group.
The teeth are perfect and the palate symmetrically developed. The
width of the dental arcade, measured between the outer surfaces of the
second molar teeth is 60mm.—a moderate amount, while the front-to-
back diameter of the arcade, measured from the upper middle incisors
to a line joining the posterior borders of the third molar or wisdom
teeth is 49mm.—rather above the average measurements.
The supra-orbital ridges are robust, the supra-orbital width being
106mm., the minimal frontal 99mm. he
The squatting facets are seen at the ankle joint and flexion facets at
the lower end of the radius. The tibia is remarkably straight, shows
no side-to-side flattening, being pyramidal in form ; the upper part of
the thigh bone on the other hand shows back to front flattening. The
impression given by a survey of all the features is that of a woman
with straight limbs and body of robust but not ungraceful build.
4.—Remains of a child from Swindon of the “ Beaker” age (found with
“ Beaker” No. 2, illustrated W.A.M., xxxviil., 42.
The child was aged about 15 months, the first milk molar being in
use while the second one was still uncut. It is impossible to recon-
struct the skull from the cranial fragments found. It is remarkable to
note that the upper part of the shaft of the femur shows the same
degree of flattening as in the adult woman described above; the tibia
also, like that of the woman, shows no side-to-side flattening, the side-
to-side diameter being almost as great as the back to front diameter.
313
THE WOODMINTON GROUP OF BARROWS,
BOWERCHALKE.
By R. C. C. Cray, M.R.C.S., L.R.C-P., F.S.A.!
In Goddard’s List of the Prehistoric, &c., Antiquities of Wilts, under
Bowerchalke, is found ‘“‘ Barrows 5, 6. Above Woodhouse Hanging, }-mile
S.W. of Woodminton, O.M. 6in. 70 Wilts S.W., shows two barrows close
together, apparently not in A.W. I. Station VIII., 1X.” ‘These barrows are
four and not two in number, and they lie more than half-way down the
steep northern escarpment of this spur. Situated as they are, close together
on such a slope, they have suffered much from weathering and spreading,
so that they now appear as low mounds of indefinite outline, running one
into another, but all having a decided creep downhill. ‘They lie in a line
east and west, an ancient sunken road skirting them on the east. For the
sake of convenience in this report they have been numbered from the west.
Barrow 1.
This barrow appeared to have suffered least from weathering and had
preserved an almost circular outline with a radius of approximately 21ft.
A trench 43ft. wide (afterwards increased to 9ft.) was dug from the
south-western edge through the estimated centre. Almost immediately
under the turf appeared the undisturbed chalk. Within 6ft. the first of a
group of 21 cinerary urns was discovered. ‘They will be described later.
Near the centre of the barrow was a large heap of flints mixed with earth,
covering a wide area. The topmost flints reached up to the turf. ‘The
trench was widened out to 14ft. so that a large rectangular space was
cleared and all the “hard” beneath the heap of flints was thoroughly
searched. No burial, however, was found. From the fact that the flints
_ in the heap were interspersed with so much earth, and from the evidence after-
wards obtained from the other three barrows, the conclusion was drawn
_ that this barrow had originally contained a burial, probably by inhumation,
| which had been disturbed. Beyond this heap the 43ft. trench was con-
| tinued to the north-eastern fringe of the barrow.
Twenty-one cremations in urns were found in the south-west segment of
_ this barrow. In most cases portions of the urns were in the turf, and none
of the shallow cists were deeper than 1ft. 2ins. below ground level. ‘The
| pottery was in a very friable and fragmentary condition, and often most of
| the cremation was missing. It is possible to reconstruct the history of
these burials. They were interred at a time when the barrow was much
higher and had not yet suffered greatly from the consequences of its position
| on the steeply falling slope. A hole was made through the barrow mould
until the hard undisturbed chalk was reached when a shallow basin-shaped
cist only a few inches deep was excavated. In this cist the flat bottom of
1 All the urns and other objects mentioned in this paper are now in the
Society’s Museum at Devizes.
WV RAMMey xX Xvill ny ps loo:
314 The Woodminton Group of Barrows, Bowerchalke,
one of the cinerary urns was forcibly placed and a flat slab of sandstone
or purbeck was placed over the mouth of the vessel. It is very probable
that these slabs were levei with the surface of the barrow, for the reason
that unless there were some visible indications of these burials, subsequent
ones would not have been so evenly spaced, for the chances are against all
these urns having been interred at one and the same time. These slabs be-
came still more evident in the process of time and were noticed by people
living in the Romano-British period, who carried away all but three of them
for use as hearths, as they squatted in the depressions to the south of bar-
rows 2, 3, and 4. ‘The continual walking over the ground by this people
further damaged the urns, which being unprotected and exposed to the
action of the weather began to disintegrate. All this time the barrow
mould was gradually slipping further down the slope and therefore it is
only to be expected that we should now find fragments of the urns and
of their contents at the sides of the barrow and beyond it to the north.
A few important features of these secondary interments can be sum-
marised as follows. The cists were all basin-shaped, shallow in the hard
chalk and, on an average, 24ft. apart. They all originally contained urns
full of cremated bones. The urns, of which three were globular and the
others barrel-shaped, stood upright and were all within the area of the
barrow. Slabs of sandstone and purbeck probably covered the mouths of
all the urns. The urns were much damaged by the roots of the turf grow-
ing into and through them. In two instances a fragment of Romano-
British pottery was found in the cist with the remains of anurn. A burnt
ox tooth lay amongst the cremated human bones in one cist. Whereas the
original urns stood 16 or 17 inches high, and as, at the time of excavation,
the bottoms of the cists were on an average only lft. below the turf-line,
there must have been much weathering of the barrow, and it is only to be
expected that in most cases not many shards of pottery remained.
BARRow 2.
This barrow appeared to be higher than it really was on account of hollows
on the upper side, caused by the removal of soil there in order to build the
mound ; but, as in the other barrows, this wide ditch was absent on the
northern side. The barrow mould had to a great extent “‘ crept ” down the
hill, for the ground sloped in two directions, to the north and to the east.
In the ditch on the south side were found many pieces of pottery similar to
that found in the secondary interments in barrow 1, and a few large slabs
of sandstone and purbeck that had probably covered the mouths of the
urns from which these shards came.
Trenching inwards towards the centre of the barrow, we came upon a
group of three urns at a distance of 6ft. from the southern edge. The
larger one (Plate 3, fig. 1) had been pushed aside to allow for the subse-
quent burial of another (Plate 3, fig. 2). A small finger-tipped vessel (Plate
3, fig 3) touched the larger urn on the western side. The weight of the soil
and the gradual creeping of the barrow had smashed the urns and tele-
scoped them. Their rims were just under the turf and their bases rested
in a well-formed cist.
as
Biwivs C.-C. Clay. 315
Two feet further towards the estimated centre we discovered a shallow
cist containing the remains of a similar type of urn. ‘The upper parts were
missing, ‘I'he cremated bones with it were those of an adult. In all like-
lihood this was the primary burial in the original centre of the barrow, for
no traces of any other were discovered in spite of diligent search. Over
the centre of the present mound the soil was only nine inches thick above
the undisturbed chalk, and in the turf there a few shards of Romano-
British pottery and one of the Early Iron Age were found. Many of the
former were discovered in the barrow ditch, some in contact with portions
of a tall finger-tipped urn lying on its side.
BARRow 3.
The material of which this barrow was built consisted of chalk rubble,
which was 2ft. deep around the estimated centre. Here there were signs
of the soil having been disturbed and several fragments of human leg bones
were found in the rabbit holes that honeycombed this portion of the barrow
No cist, however, was discovered.
The ditch to the south was 24ft. deep, and in it were many fragments of
Romano-British pottery at and above the 2ft. level. At a depth of 14ft.
portions of a human ulna and humerus were found. Possibly they be-
longed to the same skeleton as the leg bones in the barrow, and it is
probable that this skeleton was the primary burial which had been dis- -
turbed by the people who left traces of hearths made of flat stones taken
from the secondary interments in barrow 1, and also left fragments of
Romano-British pottery in the ditch.
The barrow had slipped from its centre towards the north and east.
Barrow 4,
This barrow was situated on the western side of the sunken road and
consequently much of it had silted down the slope.
Trenching was begun on the southern edge and directed towards the
estimated centre. A thick mass of Romano-British pottery was soon found
under and in the turf. This mass was 14in. deep in places and stretched
for 6ft. and 34ft. in opposite directions to form an irregular rectangle.
There were about two bushels of these shards, most of which were quite
small and represented very many different vessels. Bowls of the wheel
turned bead rim type prevailed, whilst Samian and other better quality
wares were absent. No metal or bone objects were found.
On the northern edge of this heap of pottery were two fragments that
were exactly similar to those from the secondaries in Barrow I. Nearly
2 feet further towards the centre of the barrow a smashed urn lay on its
side on the undisturbed chalk. It was of the finger-tipped barrel-shaped
' variety. Two feet to the north-west we came upon a clean cut cist contain-
ing ashes and burnt human bones and a single fragment of Romano-British
pottery. There can be no doubt that these remains were once contained in
| the damaged urn and that the single shard of Romano-British pottery, like
| the finger-prints in a detective story, gives the clue to the identity of the
culprits. This interment was without question the primary burial of the
| barrow.
von XLIll.—NO, CXLIV. Y
|
I
I
316
Tig. 1.
Picw2,
es
we
0g
3.
Fig. 4
ie yeor
Fig. 6.
Fig. 1.
The Woodminton Group of Barrows, Bowerchalke.
PLATE 2
Typical barrel-shaped urn of dark to reddish brown ware, rather
rough tothe touch. Height 164ins. Diam. at lip 114ins. Diam. at
base 7dins. Kim slightly expanded and ornamented with a row of
finger-tip impressions on the outside. Neck somewhat concave and
sloping outwards. A raised horizontal moulding or fillet, decorated
with finger-tip impressions separates the neck from the body.
Urn of very friable medium brown ware. Height 17ins. Diam.
at rim llins. Diam. of base 63ins. Rim very much rounded and
slightly everted. Slightly concave neck terminating in a horizontal
raised moulding ornamented with notches evidently cut with a knife.
Body convex and curved strongly inwards to meet the base.
Globular urn of dark to reddish brown gritty ware. Height 84ins.
Diam. at lip. 74ins. Diam. at base 53ins. Greatest diam. (at
shoulder) 103ins. The rim is slightly rounded and Zin. thick. On
the shoulder are four equally spaced lugs with vertical perforations,
din. in diameter. Owing to the weathered condition of the pottery
the ornamentation can be determined only when the urn is viewed
in a strong side light. It consists of a line of zig-zags or chevrons
below the rim, and parallel lateral chevrons with their apices on the
shoulder and with their upper arms prolonged to near the upper band
of chevrons, whilst the lower arms rest on a horizontal incised line
that encircles the urn a short-distance,beneath the lugs. This is the
only known urn of this type with vertically pierced lugs.
. Globular urn of light to dark brown gritty ware. Those fragments
that are best preserved show a well smoothed hard surface that
differs greatly from that of accredited Bronze Age urns and compares
favourably with domestic pottery of the beginning of the Karly Iron
Age. Height 7Zins. Diam. at lip 6dins. Diam. of base 44ins. Rim
slightly rounded. A straight neck slopes downwards and outwards
and is separated from the globular body by a moulded cordon of tri-
angular section that encircles the vessel 2ins below the lip. There are
no lugs.
Globular urn, a few fragments only of which remain. Gritty
ware, medium brown on the outside. Height 6ins. Diam. at rim
53ins. Diam. of base 43ins. Rim slightly rounded. Five girth
furrows, made by a blunt tool, encircle the neck. ‘The shoulder is
carinated and bears a row of vertical furrows 4in. in length.
Barrel-shaped urn of dark brown, very gritty ware. In places it
does not exceed 1/10 inch in thickness. Height 153ins. Diam. at
rim 98ins. Diam. of base 64ins. ‘The rim is flat-topped and gin.
wide. A horizontal raised moulding is in the middle of the neck at
a distance of 1dins. below the lip. ‘The shoulder or widest part is
34ins. below the lip. From there to the base the sides are more or
less straight. Compare an urn from outside Barrow 24, Handley
Down (Abercromby IL., fig. 385).
PLATE 3.
Barrel urn of dark to red brown gritty ware. Height 20ins.
By BR. C. C. Clay. 317
Overall diam. of rim 15ins. Diam. of base 83ins. Greatest diam.
(6ins. below lip) 163ins. It is very friable, chiefly owing to natural
causes, but the clay in the paste does not appear to bind. ‘There can
be no doubt, however, that the urn was originally well baked, because
otherwise the heavy rim could not have been supported. Lim flat,
lin. wide, spreading both ways, ornamented with the impressions of
the pad of a small finger on the outer edge. Ata distance of 23in,.
below the lip is a horizontal applied (not moulded) finger-tipped band
or cordon, upon which rest ten applied finger-tipped horse shoes
which are not evenly spaced nor equal in size. Below the horizontal
band hang nine vertical applied ribs. They are not straight and they
have been ornamented by the impression of the tip of a finger, the
mark of the nail dividing the hollow. One of these ribs runs up to
the rim, and it is from this mark that the potter began to apply the
horseshoes. ‘The association of finger-tip and finger-nail impressions
on the same urn demonstrates that, in this case at any rate, the two
motifs are contemporary. I*ragments of a similar urn were found at
Horton Heath and are now in the Dorchester Museum (No. 76). On
the inside of the base of the urn under discussion is an applied cross
with equal arms. So loosely was it applied that most of it fell off
during the removal of the base. ‘The cross is not a complete unit ;
the potter first laid a band of paste across the base and then applied
a second one at right angles.
Although incised crosses have been found on the bases of food vessels,!
anda cross of impressed cord ornament on the inside of the base of an urn
of the collared type from Barrow 17, Woodyates,? it is only in the case of urns
of the vertically ribbed, finger-tipped, barrel-shaped type that raised crosses
or stars, either applied or moulded, are met with. The following additional
examples are known :—
qd.
2
De
4.
Burial 37, flat cemetery outside Barrow 24, Handley Hill.* Plain raised
cross, equal arms, “applied after base was made.” Upper part of
urn missing.
South Lodge Camp.* Bottom of ditch. ‘ Wheel of 8 spokes.” Large
barrel urn with two horizontal finger-tipped fillets and sixteen plain
vertical ribs.
Barrow near Woodyates.*> Wheel or star with six rays. “ Equal-in
size to the Stonehenge Urn and nearly of the same form.”
Cave at Berry Head, near Brixham.® Cross with expanded and in-
dented centre. Base only. Associated with flat-topped urns with
finger-tipped horizontal fillets.
1 B.M. Gusde to the Bronze Age, p. 70.
2A.W.,p. 241. Archxologia xliii., fig. 35, p. 357. Cat. Stourhead Coll.
Devizes, No. 253.
3 Ha. Cranborne Chase, iv., pl. 301, fig. 4.
‘ Thi, iv, pl..240.
5 A.W., p. 248. Archeologia, xlili., p. 356.
§ Arche. Journal, ix., p. 93.
218 The Woodminton Group of barrows, Bowerchalke.
5, Cist adjoining chamber of barrow at Tregeseal, Cornwall.! Plain raised
cross. Urn of lT'ype 3 Group I (Abercromby).
6. Barrow at Worgret, near Wareham, Dorset.? “ Cross partly raised and
partly grooved.” Type of urn unknown.
7. Barrow on King’s Down, near Badbury, Dorset.? Plain raised cross.
Type of urn unknown.
8. Barrow on Barrow Hill, Ebbesbourne Wake, Wilts.* Plain raised cross.
moulded not applied. Barrel urn with finger-tipped horizontal
mouldings and nine plain vertical ribs.
9. Hut No. 2, Yeo Tor Bottom, near Princetown.® Crosson inside of base
(diam. 1lin.). ‘Type of vessel unknown.
These ornaments consisted of a raised wheel of 4, 6. or 8 equal spokes,
which were sometimes moulded from the clay of the base and sometimes
applied afterwards. They certainly did not strengthen the vessel, there-
fore they must have been intended as ornaments or as sacred symbols.
The omphaloid base to domestic pottery was without doubt contemporary
with these cinerary urns,® and is the only other example of ornamentation
inside the base of a prehistoric pot. This is interesting in regard to the
fact that prehistoric fashions among the same people were uniform and
general. It is reasonable to suppose, however, that ornamentation inside
the base of a cinerary urn was not desired. In all probability this wheel
is connected with the swastika, which Dechelette says “fut l’embleme du
soleil en mouvement, |’ equivalent de Ja roue dont il n’est que le derive et
le doublet.”7 The swastika amulet has been found at Meare, associated
with La ‘ene I. fibulae, but the sun disk dates from Bronze Age II.2 What.
more suitable place for a symbol of religious significance than beneath the
ashes in a cinerary urn.
Fig. 2.—Barrel urn of dark to reddish brown, gritty ware with smooth
surface. Height 174in. Diam of Rim, 114in. Diam. of base, 7#in.
Greatest circumference (at 54in. below rim), 39in. Kim slightly
rounded, Zin. in thickness, ornamented with finger-tip impressions
on its outeredge. There is aslightly raised moulding or fillet below
the lip with similar ornamentation. From this moulding run seven
plain vertical ribs which are not equidistant and do not follow a
straight course. A long irregular crack with repair holes reaches.
from the rim to near the base. Cracks and repair holes are common
in cinerary urns of the finger-tipped and Deverel-Rimbury types.
The softness of the paste may have been the primary cause.
Fig, 3.—Small urn of medium brown ware. Height 54in. Diam. at lip,
1 Lukis, pl. xvi.
2 Warne., Celtic Tumuli of Dorset, iii., p. 29.
3 Archeologia, xlill., p. 357, fig. 34.
4W.A.M., current number, p. 325.
> Trans. Devon Assoc., xxx., Pt. I., 1498, p. 101,
®° Kx. Hengistbury Head, p. 36.
7 Manuel. Bronze, p. 454,
5 B.M. Guide to Bronze Age, p. 90.
By RK. C. C. Clay. 319
34in. Diam. of base, 24in. Slightly rounded rim, ornamented on
the outside with a row of fingernail impressions, ‘I'he sides ‘are
slightly convex. Found with figs. 1 and 2 inthe same cist. This
vessel appears to be unique.
In the Deverel Barrow, near Milborne St, Andrew, Dorset,' urns of the
globular type were found associated with those of the bucket or pail
variety. At South Lodge Camp, in the flat cemetery outside barrow 24,
Handley Hill, and now at Woodminton Down the globular urns have been
proved to be contemporary with those of the barrel shape. ‘Therefore the
barrel and bucket varieties are of the same date.
The typical barrel-shaped urn (see Plate III., 1) is from 15 to 22 inches
in height, with slightly convex sides ending in a raised horizontal fillet or
moulding which may or may not be ornamented with finger-tip impressions,
Above this a short, slightly concave neck runs up to meet a flat or rounded,
and somewhat expanded rim. ‘The bucket-shaped urn, on the other hand,
has straight sides, a horizontal raised fillet usually at the junction of the
upper and middle thirds, above which the straight neck may be inclined
slightly inwards (see Abercromby II., 415) or else be continued upwards and
outwards in a straight line with the sides (see Abercromby II., 410). The
rim may be flat or slightly rounded, but is not expanded. It sometimes
has solid knobs in place of the fillet and occasionally has neither.
The true barrel-shaped urn has been found only within a limited area,
comprising the eastern side of Dorset, South Wiltshire, and Western Hamp-
shire, although perhaps the specimen from Nether Swell, Gloucestershire,?
and the example from Lambourne, Berkshire,? should be included in the
same category.
It is suggested by the evidence at our disposal that the barrel urns, with
their finger-tipped fillet close up to a slightly spreading rim, and the
globular urns were made by invaders who reached these shores in the
neighbourhood of Hengistbury and Weymouth. Mr. O. G. S. Crawford
considers them to have been Goidels who introduced the leaf-shaped swords
and winged celts between 800 and 700 B.C. The same people, in all
probability, constructed the rectangular earthworks on the Wilts and Dorset
boundary, such as South Lodge Camp,> Martin Down Camp,® and the
camps on Handley Hill,’ Knighton Hill,8 and Fifield Bavant Down,’ and
introduced the bronze razor of maple leaf pattern, The two former camps
yielded pottery of the Deverel-Rimbury and finger-tipped barrel types, and
bronze razors. The camp on Knighton Hill, called Wuduburh in the
' Miles. The Deverell Barrow.
2 Britesh Burrows, p. 446, Abercromby IL., fig. 376.
3 Abercromby, IL., fig. 388. Archeological Journal, xxviii., p. 43.
4 Antiquaries Journal, li., p. 27.
> Hx. Cranborne Chase, iv., p. 1.
® Tbid, iv., p. 185.
7 Ibid, iv., p. 46.
8 To be published shortly.
°W.A.M., xlii, p. 457.
320 The Woodminton Group of Barrows, Bowerchatke.
Saxon charters, was constructed by users of finger-tipped pottery, whilst
the earthwork on Fifield Bavant Down was contemporary with the La
Tene [. village site that abuts it on the north and west. The inhabitants
of the south and south-east of England, at this time, were employing the
cinerary urn with more or less straight sides and an overhanging rim of
considerable depth that reached the shoulder and in so doing had eliminated
the neck of the earlier collared type. They now evolved the bucket urn by
substituting a finger-tipped fillet for the edge of the collar, that is to say,
at approximately the level of the junction of the upper and middle thirds,
and preserving sometimes the straight but inwardly inclined portion
between the lower edge of the collar and the rim. ‘The raised and finger-
tipped handles or horseshoes often seen between the fillet and the rim in
barrel urns, finally degenerate in the bucket type into a simple impressed
loop of widely spaced finger-tip marks.! The globular urns of the Deverel-
Rimbury class (Abercromby, Type 4, Group I.) have been compared with
the Lausitz pottery and it has been suggested that they were derived from
the latter.2 Attention should be called to an urn from Foissac? which
closely resembles some of the Dorset forms. Mrs. Cunnington has stated
that “the prototypes of much of the All Cannings pottery are to be found
in the Continental wares of the Lausitz group and its allied types.”4 The
plain rounded rim, the straight neck ornamented with horizontal furrows,
and the globular body of many of her examples, particularly Pl. 28, figs. 6
and 16; Pl. 39, fig. 1; and Pl. 28, fig. 8 ; show a striking affinity to urns from
the Deverel Karrow,® from Roke Down,® and from Handley Hill, Dorset,”
while PI. 28, fig. 16 is comparable with our Pl. 2, fig. 5. Another link in
the chain is the finding of fragments of pottery ornamented with triangles
filled with circular punch marks, identical with All Cannings PI. 49, fig. 2, in
the flat cemetery at Pokesdown associated with finger-tipped and globular
urns® Again, the discovery of bronze maple-leaf razors at All Cannings?
and South Lodge Camp!" correlates the All Cannings pottery with the
Deverel-Rimbury types from the latter. Further confirmation of this
theory is afforded by the association of the bronze leaf-shaped sword from
Figsbury, and now in the Ashmolean Museum, with the pottery of the All
Cannings type found;there by Capt. and Mrs. Cunnington.!' Mr. A. L. A.
Armstrong has lately found bucket domestic ware in a Hallstatt floor on
top of a filled in mine shaft at Grimes Graves. All this indicates that the
' Report of Colchester Museum, 1924 —5, pl. VI, fig. 1.
* Abercromby, II., p. 50.
> Dechelette, Bronze, pl. 148, fig. 2.
* All Cannings Cross, p. 87.
5 Abercromby, II., fig. 389b.
6 Thad, fig. 393.
7 Ibid, fig. 397.
®In Mr. Druitt’s private museum at Christchurch.
9 All Cannings Cross, PI. 19, fig. 2.
” Ex Cranborne Chase, iv., Pl. 238, Fig. 4.
1! W.A.M.,, xliii., p. 48.
Bile. C. Clay: 321
globular-barrel-bucket complex cannot be assigned only to the end of the
Bronze Age, as it is equated with sites that belong to the full Early Iron
Age. ‘The finding of an iron spearhead in a bucket urn at Colchester! lends
strength to this theory. It has been suggested that the Bronze Age did
not reach its climax until past the dawn of the Early Iron Age.
There is in the Blackmore Museum a large fragment of a haematite
coated vessel labelled “ from Bowerchalke.” Colt Hoare has recorded,? and
arecent air photograph has verified, a village site half a mile south of
Woodminton Farm. Probably the fragment came from that place. Its
proximity to the Woodminton group of barrows is significant. The urn
(Abercromby I1., fig. 379) in all likelihood came from Ansty Barrow 3
(Goddard’s List), that adjoins the La Tene I inhabited site on Swallowcliffe
Down. Further, in Ebbesbourne Wake Barrow 2 (Goddard’s List) at
the edge of-the La Tene I. village at Fifield, Bavant, I discovered fragments
of a finger-tipped urn with incised chevrons and filled lozenges, very
similar to a fragment in the British Museum from a cave at Berry Head,
near Brixham.’ This wasa secondary interment. The presence of two and
possibly three villages of La ‘Tene I. date and at least thirty urns of this
class in seven different barrows within the space of four parishes may not be
a mere coincidence.
The handled urns from Cornwall (Abercromby ‘Type 3, Group I.) were
evidently the product of a different but allied and probably contemporary
wave. ‘The raised cross on the inside of the base of the specimen from
‘Tregeseal equates them with the barrel urns.
Flint implements are common on domestic sites where bucket-shaped
vessels with finger-tip ornament are found. ‘The early La Tene inhabitants
of South Wilts were not flint users. During the excavation of two hundred
pit dwellings at Swallowcliffe and Fifield Bavant, the only flint tools found
were two scrapers and a strike-a light of inferior workmanship. At All
Cannings there was a similar scarcity of flint implements. Presuming that
the inhabitants of the Swallowcliffe and Fifield Bavant villages interred
the ashes of their dead in urns of the finger-tipped barrel ty pe—a hy pothesis,
as I have shown above, not without support—then the following conclusion
may be considered safe. ‘The people who employed the bucket urns were
the direct descendants of the flint-working Middle Bronze Age dwellers in
this country ; whereas, those who used the cinerary urns of the barrel type
were fresh invaders who used no flint except for pot-boilers and strike-a-
lights.
There is no doubt that at this time great and important changes were
taking place. Burials were no longer isolated primary interments in barrows
(there are exceptions to every rule), but either multiple secondary burials
in pre-existing barrows or communal burials in flat cemeteries. Great
1 No. P.C. 617, Colchester Museum. ‘This and the three bronze beads
from Barton Common, Hants, are the only instances of objects found with
burials of this type.
A Walco:
3 Archzxological Journal, ix, p. 93.
322 The Woodminton Group of Barrows, Bowerchalke.
chains of hill-top camps were being thrown up all over the country ; for
excavation has proved that those with triple ramparts, are contemporary
with the dawn of the Early Iron Age, and that most of those of a more
simple structure, belong to the same period.'! This testifies to the success
of the invasions of the people who brought with them the finger-tip motz/,
and who consolidated their positions as they penetrated.
BARROW 5.
This barrow is not shown on the Ordnance Map, Wilts LXX., 8.W., 6in.
It is situated near the crossing of the modern field boundary by the 700ft.
contour line in Lat. 50° 59’ 47”, Lon. 2° 0’ 7. As its height was only a
few inches and its outlines rather indefinite, there was some doubt at first
as to the nature of the mound. ‘To ascertain the quality of the soil of which
it was composed, a square sod was removed from over the estimated centre
and the base of an inverted urn was exposed.
The barrow mould consisted of top soil. There was no ditch and the urn
had no covering of stones and rested not ina cist but on the natural ground.
As most of the base of the urn was missing, it can be inferred that at some
time the barrow had been ploughed over, and that its original height was
greater than at present. Roots of plants had grown into and through the
urn, breaking it into 70 fragments. It covered the cremated bones of a
woman and a small bronze awl.
The urn is a late example of Abercromby’s Type I.; the overhanging rim
is deep and the neck has disappeared. Height of urn 124in., depth of rim
3ins., diam. of lip 10ins, diam. of bottom of rim 123ins, diam. of shoulder
12in., diam. of base 64ins. The top of therim is sin. wide and slopes down-
wards and inwards. ‘The body is shaped like an inverted and truncated
cone. In colour it varies from medium to a reddish brown. ‘The surface
is uneven and the paste soft, badly baked and containing very few particles
of grit. The outside of the rim is ornamented with five horizontal rows of
oat-shaped marks, caused by stabs with a pointed implement. Another
line ornaments the top of the rim.
A similar urn was found in Barrow C. 94, at Blanch,? in Yorkshire, with
an incense cup inside it, and by the side of a crushed food vessel and a flint
borer. A small urn from Sutton Poyntz has a similar rim.®
The bronze awl has a flat tang and measures I2ins. in length. It falls
into Thurnam’s type I.*. Similar awls have been found in Barrow 64 at
Garrowby Wold associated with the skeleton of a woman and a jet necklace’:
in a barrow at Sutton Veny® ; in a barrow at Upton Lovel’ ; in Barrow 3
1 See also Crawford, Observer, 4th Oct., 1925.
* Mortimer, Forty Years’ Researches, p. 324.
3 Abercromby, II., fig. 32. Cat. of Sepul. Pot. in Dorset Mus., No. 22.
4 Archeologia, xlili., p. 464.
5 Mortimer, Forty Years’ Researches, p. 138.
6 A.W.,103. Cat. of Stourhead Coll. Dev. Mus , 66.
7 Tbid., 76. ILbid., If.
‘(UMOYS 91 ‘SUIN [VNPTATPUL JOU “SOIzI[VIO'T ) ‘uorssttuted Aq AVAING 9DUBUPIC)
ay} Wor poydepe st dey oq, ‘SUI() AIB[NQO[H seyousqd + ‘sui, peddiy-resuly seqoue(] .
‘sad dq poddty-1esuly pur Iepngo]y eq} Jo suay) Aredeul{~) Fo UOLNGIIASIP of} surmoys defy —'] ALV Tf
Pirate I[.—Cinerary Urns from Barrow I., Woodminton, Bowerchalke. #:
PLATE Ila.
Cinerary Urns from Barrow I., Woodminton, Bowerchalke.
‘S -gy[eYoIomog ‘UOJUIMIPOO AA “][] MOIIeG WOIJ sul) AdedoUIQ— ‘TIT BLVTd
‘OF[VYIIOMOG “UOJUTUIPOO A “TT MOIIVG WO, sui, AIVIBUIN—'YI J] ALVIg
2 ‘sud Are1eulg—syzoc]
ERO ‘dvoy ysiqqni ysijlig ouvuloy—eoie popeyg
"‘poyeavoxe Svele—soul| UI¥[q
‘smodIvg JO seurTyno oyeutxoidde oy} queseided soul, peydnssequyT
‘Oy[VYDIaMOg ‘UOJULUIPOO AA ‘SMOIIeG poyBAVoXe OY} JO UR[{— A] FLV
‘(¢ [MV) ‘ayxleqolemog
‘OYBVM VUINOGseqqy ‘UOJUTWIPOO AA “A MOLILG WOT]
‘T[IH MOLIVG UO MOIIVG WOIT UIE Arer9UIO [MY 9zuolg pue uly) Auesoulg—' A ALVTY
By hk. C. C. Clay. 323
near Amesbury Park!; in a barrow at Rudstone, E. Riding,” Yorks; in a
barrow at Goodmanham, E. Riding, Yorks*; and with a crouched skeleton
in Barrow 23 at Handley Hill, Dorset.‘
List or LocALITIES WHERE BARREL AND Bucket CINERARY URNS HAVE |
BEEN FOUND (see map).
Berkshire—Wallingford, Sulham, Lambourne.
Cornwall—St. Just.
Cambridgeshire—Chesterton. |
Devonshire—Berry Head near Brixham.
Dorsetshire—Bagber, Blackdown Hill, Came, Chaldon Herring, Chaldon
Down, Chesilbourne, Dewlish, Dorchester, Friar’s Waddon, Handley,
Horton, Little Puddle, Meleombe Horsey, Milton Abbas, Milbourne St.
Andrew, Pokeswell, Portland, Puddleton, The Ridgeway, Rimbury,
Roke Down, Tarrant Monkton, Wareham, Weymouth, Winterbourne
Clenston, Winterbourne Whitchurch, Woodyates, Ulwell.
Essex—Alresford, Bocking, Colchester, Great Bentley, Fingerhoe, Manning-
ton, Shoebury, Southchurch, White Colne, Wix.
Gloucestershire—Nether Swell.
Hampshire—Afton Down (I. of W.), Barton Common, Bratley, Broughton,
Cranbury Common, Dummer, Petersfield, Pokesdown, Shalcombe
Down (I. of W.), Stoney Cross, Rollesdown, Winchester.
Hertfordshire—Letchworth.
Middlesex—Ashford, Mill Hill.
Norfolk—Lakenheath.
Oxfordshire—Standlake.
Somerset—The Mendips.
Suffolk—Brantham, Nayland, Troston Heath, Creeting St. Mary.
Surrey— Chobham Park, Kingston Hill, Sunningdale, Walton-on-Thames,
Wonersh, Worplesdon.
Sussex— Hassocks.
Wiltshire—Beckhampton, Bedwyn, Bishopstone, Bowerchalk, Collingbourne
Ducis, Ebbesbourne Wake, Fifield Bavant, Idmiston, Kingston Deverill,
Lake, Shrewton, near Stonehenge, near Swindon, Tan Hill, near
Wardour, Winterbourne Stoke, Winterbourne Monkton.
List oF THE LOCALITIES WHERE GLOBULAR CINERARY URNS HAVE
BEEN FOUND.
Berkshire—Lambourne, Walbury.
Dorset—Came, Chiselbourne, Handley, Keynston, Little Puddle, Littleton
Down, Milbourne St. Andrew, Milton Abbas, Plush, Pokeswell, Ridge-
way, Rimbury, Roke Down, Sturminster Marshall, Winterbourne
Whitchurch.
1 Cat. Stourhead Coll., 270b.
* British Barrows, xlii.
3 Tbid., exv.
* Kx. Cranborne Chase, iv., p. 146 and 23.
324 Barrows of LEbbesbourne Wake, ete.
Middlesex—Ashford.?
Wiltshire—Bowerchalk, nr. Salisbury, nr. Swindon, Winterbourne Stoke.
Another in the Bristol Corporation Museum labelled “ from a Wiltshire
Barrow.
AN UNRECORDED DISC BARROW ON GALLOW’S HILL,
ALVEDISTON.
A disc barrow in a state of excellent preservation is situated on the sum-
mit of Gallow’s Hill, Alvediston (O.M. 69 S.E.). Several Scotch pines
grow there, some within the ditch. The trunk of the most northerly of
these is shaped like an inverted L and without doubt was the “ gallows”
tree,” for on the horizontal portion can be seen the marks of chains or ropes
and on the vertical half steps or footholds, now barked over, cut in zig-zag
fashion on either side.
The central mound is 18ft. in diameter and 3ft. high. There is an
encircling bank Ift. high with an outer ditch lft. 3ins. deep. ‘The external
diameter of the structure is 56 feet. Jxcavation proved that the mound, in
spite of its regularity, had been disturbed by man and rabbits. A few
pieces of burnt bone and of (?) Bronze Age pottery, and many fragments of
fairly recent pottery and wine bottles were found. The latter were probably
the remains of the refreshments of the sightseers at the hangings of the
malefactors. An ill defined cist was discovered under the centre of the
mound.
About 50 years ago a dew-pond was made just south of the clump of trees
and it is stated that during its construction a human skeleton was found.
This was probably an executed criminal. R. C. C. Cray.
ROUND BARROW BY THE SIDE OF DOBSON’S DROVE,
LONG DOWN, EBBESBOURNE WAKE. OPENED 22nd
JULY, 1924.
Situated on the slope of the downs, this barrow has been disturbed by
rabbits. Its height is 3 feet, its diameter 44 feet. A 6ft. wide trench was
cut from the north towards the estimated centre. Scattered human bones
were found in the old rabbit holes soon after the start of the excavations.
At 18ft. a clean cut hole, !ft. lin. deep and measuring 2ft. 2in. by lft. 9in.,
was found in the “ hard.” At the centre of the barrow there was a shallow
cist 2ft. 8in. by 5ft. 3in. and about Ift.deep. Itran W.N.W.and E.S.K. and
1 This globular urn without lugs was associated with bucket types, and
like the specimen with “fern” ornamentation lately discovered by Me.
Garnet R. Wolseley at Park Brow, Sussex, and considered by him to be of
Late Bronze Age date, has certain affinities to the Deverel-Rimbury types
and appears to be derived from a common ancestor with them, along a
different branch.
Bil Ce (C. Clay. 325
was deepest at the western end. Init were the bones of one man, three
women, and onechild. Rabbits had burrowed along the floor of the cist and
had displaced most of the bones of three of the skeletons. ‘There were no
objects or pottery, but in the “ barrow earth” we found many blue-white
flakes. This barrow was later than the “ chess-board” lynchets on which
it was placed, and may be of early Bronze Age date.
REPoRT ON THE HuMAN Bones, By Sir ARTHUR KEITH.
From this barrow Mr. Clay unearthed the remains of one man, three
women, and a child. ‘There was only one skull sufficiently complete for
measurement. In this specimen the face, all save the lower jaw, was missing.
Only two thigh bones were intact—one of a man, the other of a woman.
The stature of the man I estimate at 5ft. 6in., of slender build, the upper
end of his femur showing no flattening. ‘The stature of the woman was
only 4ft. 94in. and of slender make. ‘The upper part of her thigh bone
showed a slight degree of flattening. ‘The two other,women are represented
by only the upper part of their thigh; bones. ‘These showed platymeria—or
front to back flattening ofithe upper shaft of the femur to a high degree.
In one the transverse diameter was 36mm., the front to back 24mm., the
second diameter representing 66°6% of the first. In No. 4 the flattening
was equally great. :
The skull is that of a man between 40 and 50 years of age, with the teeth
of the lower jaw much worn but apparently free from disease. He was
narrow-headed, the greatest width being 136mm. and the greatest length
192mm, the width index being 70.8%. ‘lhe supraorbital ridges are well
marked, the supraorbital width of the forehead being 101°'5mm., its minimal
width 95mm, and its greatest frontal width 119mm. ‘The chin was deep
and prominent.
So far as concerns the shape of the skull, itis of the narrow type found
in both Saxon and Neolithic burials, but is more common in the second
than the first. ‘The thigh bones are not like those found in the neighbouring
Saxon cemetery at Broadchalk.
REPORT ON THE MOLLUSCA FROM INSIDE THE SKULLS BY A. 8S. KENNARD,
F.1..8., anp b. B. Woopwarp, F.I..8.
Twelve species were obtained, viz.:—Politu cellaria (Mull.), Arion Sp.,
Goniodiscus rotundatus (Mull.), Hygromia hispida (Linn.), Helix nemoralis
(Linn.), Helix hortensis (Mull), Cochlicopalubrica (Mull ), Pupilla muscorum
(Linn.), Acanthinula aculeata (\Mull.), Clausilia rugosa (Drap.), Carychium
minumum (Mull.), Pomatias elegans (Mull.). These shells certainly indicate
damp conditions and a scrub growth. kh. C. C. Caay,
THE EXCAVATION OF THE BARROW ON BARROW HILL,
EBBESBOURNE WAKE, APRIL 1924.
A description of this unrecorded barrow was given in W.A.M.. vol. exli.,
p. 598. Mr. Burroughs, the owner and occupier of the site, readily gave me
permission to excavate—no easy task owing to the indefinite character of
this barrow which in no part could have been as much as a foot in height.
326 The Excavation of the Barrow on Barrow Hill.
We cut a trench from the west side towards the estimated centre and
within 10ft. came upon charcoal and burnt bones immediately under the
surface. We found a cinerary urn standing upright with charcoal, wood
ashes, and burnt bones inside and around it. ‘The urn was somewhat tele-
scoped and most of the rim and half of the body had been destroyed by the
plough. The rim was only 4in. under the turf-line. The barrow was situated
on a wide band of clay containing a few flints, which ran in an easterly
direction over the crest of the hill. A small hole had been dug in this clay
into which the lower half of the urn had been fitted. Owing to the heavy
rains and the nature of the soil, the urn was in a porridge-like condition
and came away in about 100 fragments. ‘The depth of the bottom of the cist
from the turf-line was 20 inches.
Mrs. Cunnington, who so skillfully restored the urn, has sent me the
following description of it :—Height 20in., rim diam about II., base 83in.
Cinerary urn of coarse friable pottery freely mixed with flint particles :
the rim and upper parts are chocolate in colour, light red to biscuit colour
below. Nine vertical ribs running from rim to base divide the surface of the
vessel into panels of rather flat profile: the ribs are slight, irregular, and
formed by pressure on the soft clay and do not show on the inside. About six
inches below the rim there is a double row of finger tip impressions, also
placed irregularly : the two rows appear to have been made simultaneously
by the pressure of the first and second fingers of a small right hand. Be-
tween these finger markings and the rim are a series of six or seven (the
number varies) shallow horizontal furrows that look as though produced by
fingers drawn across the soft clay: the furrows were made after the vertical
ribs, but always stop at the ribs and begin again on the other side: this
can be seen in the photograph below the undamaged rim, ‘The rim is flat.
There are two raised ribs forming the figure of an equi-lateral cross on the
inside of the base: the ribs are formed out of the base itself, not laid on as
noticed in one instance by Pitt-Rivers. A similar feature occurs on the
large cinerary urn from Woodyates, No. 253 in the Stourhead Collection at
Devizes, and on a large vessel from Beachy Head in the British Museum:
Similar figures of four, six, or eight rays have been recorded in a number
of cases usually, but not invariably, on tub-shaped vessels with finger
markings. See Thurnam Arché&ologia, vol. xliii., p. 356: bitt-Rivers,
Excavations, iii., pp. 30, 150, 169. R. -C. CU Craw
[This Urn is illustrated in Plate V.].
327
OBJECTS FOUND DURING EXCAVATIONS ON THE
ROMANO-BRITISH SITE AT COLD KITCHEN HILL,
BRIXTON DEVERELL, WILTS.
By KR. de C. Nan KIvett.
The objects here illustrated and listed are the discoveries of the second
years’ systematic excavation on the Romano-British site at Cold Kitchen
Hill, Brixton Deverell, Wilts. (For objects found in 1924 see Wilts Arch.
Mag , vol. xliii., pages 180—191).
Although great care has been taken to note the approximate position and
depth of all the objects found, the results on sites like these avail but little
in determining the various stratas of the places and their corresponding
ages.
The soil on most of these sites is very shallow, apart from the heaped-up
mounds, and in many places consists of a loose loam in which the objects,
in the course of centuries, have become entirely transposed from their
positions when lost; thus we find British coins, pottery, and La Tene
brooches near, and sometimes on the surface, and late Roman coins, objects,
and pottery, at the bottom of the moveable earth.
We have, therefore, to judge more or less from the sum of the objects
found, the approximate dates of formation and abandonment of these
villages, and to unravel out of chaos the types of pottery and objects
characteristic of each period and people.
It was estimated by studying last year’s “ finds,” and from various com-
parisons with similar objects found on other dated sites, that this site was
of pre-oman foundation, and was abandoned towards the end of the fourth
century A.D., and the results of this year have so far substantiated this by
the discovery of the fourth La Tene brooch, the third British coin, and
more pre-Roman pottery, and no coins, objects, or pottery have been found
that could with certainty be assigned to a later date than that given.
All the objects found will eventually be placed in the Devizes Museum to
accompany those from this site already there.
PuaTE I. |
A. Iron La Tene II. brooch. Length 4 5/16in. Complete. This brooch
is unusual in having only two upright coils tothe spring. (cf. Walts Arch.
Mag., vol. xliii., 182, Pl. iv. A.).
Puate II.
A. Bronze spring-pin, T-shaped, bow brooch with open-work catch-
plate. Round bow, ornamented with three ring and dot designs at head.
Spring, pin, and part of catch-plate missing. Length 2 11/16in.
B. Bronze triangular hinge-pin brooch with suspension loop and sunken
cavity for enamel or stone. Oval projection at foot covering catch-plate.
Pin missing. Size 1 3/4in. X 11/8in.
328 Objects found at Cold Kitchen Hill, brixton Deverell.
C. Bronze oval spring-pin enamelled brooch, with central mounting for
stone, now missing. Jragments of emerald green enamel with divisions of
yellow remaining. Pin missing. Size 1 1/16in. x7/8in.
D. Bronze spring-pin bow brooch, all in one piece, two transverse in-
cised lines encircle the top of the bow. Perfect. Length 1 13/16in.
E. Bronze oval spring-pin brooch, with mounting of conical-shaped
onyx (?). Apparently the two encircling cavities have contained enamel,
but no traces remain. Size 11/4 x 15/16in.
F. Bronze pin with writhen knob. J.ength 3 3/4in.
PuaTe III.
A. Bronze spring-pin, T-shaped bow brooch. Hollow round bow .
Spring, pin, and part of catch-plate missing. Length 2in.
B. Bronze spring-pin bow brooch, all in one piece. Turn-up of: catch-
plate missing. Length | 1/4in.
C. Bronze spring-pin bow brooch, all in one piece. Pin and one spring
missing. Length 1 7/8in.
D. Bronze spring-pin bow brooch, all in one piece. Thin flat bow.
Catch-plate missing and spring distorted. J.ength 1 5/16in.,
E. Bronze spring-pin bow brooch, all in one piece. Pin and one coil of
spring missing. Length 2 1/8in.
F. Circular bronze enamelled spring-pin brooch, with mounting for
stone in centre, now missing. Fragments of red and blue enamel remain-
ing. Diam. 1 1/4in.
G. Bronze hinge-pin bow brooch. Shallow concave groovings from
head to top of bow, where it is waisted and then continues plain to the
termination at the foot. All thickly “tinned.” Point of pin worn away.
Length 2 1/4in.
Prate LV.
A. Bronze dagger with projecting flanges and slightly bevelled edges
Tworivet holes. Noornament. Length 3 3/4in. Width 7/8in. Excellent
condition.
B. Large bronze ring with three coils. Both ends ornamented with two
small transverse grooves. Diam. lin. Perfect.
C. Small bronze ring of round wire, unjoined. Diam 9/16in.
D. Bronze ear-ring (2) with pointed ends. Notched from end to end.
Diam 7/16in.
KH. Bronze ear-ring (?) with pointed ends. One notch at top. Diam.
/16in.
F. Bronze ring of round wire. . Diam. 11/16in.
G. Bronze ring of round wire, unjoined. Diam. 3/4in.
H. Flat triangular piece of bronze, perforated at two corners. All sides
1 1/4in.
I. Bowl of bronze spoon. Size 1 1/2in. x 1 1/16in.
J. Part of semi-circular bronze binding, for mirror (7). Rivet holes at
regular intervals. Length remaining 5 1/2in,
By Kh. de C. Nan Kvvell, 329
K. Fragment of bronze bangle, ornamented with projecting square knobs
at regular intervals. Transverse grooves cut along the middle section.
Length | 7/8in.
L. British silver uninscribed coin. Diam. 3/4in.
M. Part of bronze stylus. Length 1 5/8in.
N. Bronze pin with head broken off. Length 3in.
O. Ditto. Length 3in.
(16 fragments of bronze were found, mostly identifiable as parts of
brooches, bangles, rings, and pins).
PLATE V.
Bow of iron brooch. Length 2in.
Ditto. Length 1 7/8in.
Large iron hinge-pin bow brooch. Wide flat bow. Length 3 1/8in.
Tron spring of a La ‘lene brooch, with four coils. Width 9/16in.
Iron oblong buckle with clasp. Size 1 1/4in. x 3/4in.
Iron oval cleat. Size lin. x 1/2in. (18 of these were found ofa
uniform size.)
G. Iron ring of round wire, ends overlapping. Diam. 3/4in.
H. Iron staple-like object, with pointed ends, and rounded knobs in
middle of both sides. Length 1 7/8in. Width 1 1/8in.
I. Iron object of round wire, pointed at both ends and doubled back.
Small handle (7). I.ength as now 2 1/4in.
SO mp
Puate VI.
A. Tron strigil (?) with flat blade. V-shaped slot in shaft for insertion
of handle. Length 5in. Widest part of blade 7/8in.
B. Iron awl, square tang, and tapering in a round to a very sharp point.
Length 2 3/16in.
©. Ditto. Length 2 1/2in.
D. Ditto. Length 5 3/4in.
E. Iron stylus, projecting fan-shaped eraser, reduced extended writing
point. Slightly bent. Length 5 1/4in.
F. Iron stylus, fan-shaped eraser, shaft reduced to a writing point.
Length 4 7/8in. ;
G. Iron stylus, fan-shaped eraser, collar at other end of shaft with
reduced extended writing point. Length 3 7/8in.
H. Fragment of twisted square iron wire. Length 4 1/2in. (8 fragments
of varying thicknesses have been found).
I. Iron pin with head bent to form loop. Length 3 1/8in. (4 of these
were found, average length 3in.).
J. Ox goad, ferule with pointed pin. Diam. 3/8in. Length of pin 7/8in.
K. Large iron hook and eye, ends of both parts broken. Length re-
maining 3in.
Puate VII.
A. Iron tool, with round socket for handle. Hammer one end, adze (2)
the other. Length 7 1/2in. VDerfect.
330 Objects found at Cold Kitchen Hill, Brixton Deverell.
B. Iron knife with long tang and transverse collar at beginning of
blade. Length 6 3/4in.
©. Ring of iron. Diam. 2 1/4in.
D. Large iron nail with projecting head, square at top tapering to a
rounded point. Length 6 3/4in. (Four pounds of nails of various sizes
found).
K. Iron spoon-like object, all beaten out of one piece. Hole in centre
of bowl. Length 3 3/8in. Width 1 1/8in.
Puate VIII.
A. Bone pin with double knobbed head. Length 3 3/8in. Perfect.
B.. Ditto, with small flat round head. Length 3in. Perfect.
C. Ditto, with knobbed head. Length 2 1/2in. Point broken off.
D. Ditto, with flat round head. Length 2 3/4in. Perfect.
E. Ditto, with round conical shaped head. Length 3in. Perfect.
F. ‘Top of bone pin with head carved with crossed notchings. Length
1 1/4in.
G. Bone needle. Length 31/4in. Perfect.
H. Ditto, top of eye missing. Length 2 3/16in.
I. Ditto, top of eye missing. Length 1 3/4in.
J. Ditto, top of eye and point missing. Length 2in.
K, Ditto. Stained green. Top of eye missing. Length 3 3/4in. (18
fragments of various sizes of bone pins and needles found).
L. Bone tool, worked to a point, unworked at butt. Length 3 1/2in.
M. Bone implement, worked to a gouge-shape one end and perforated
the other. The shaft is ornamented on three sides with cross cuttings.
Length 6 1/2in. (2 more of these found but unornamented).
N. Bone tool (?) with notches cut to the shape of a star one end and to
an oblong the other. Pottery decorator (?). Length 4 1/2in.
O. Bone tube made from the metatarsal bone ofa sheep. Length 3 1/2in.
(3 of these were found, average length 3in.).
P. Plain bone disc. Diam. 5/8in.
@. Bone disc worked with radiating V-shaped grooves. Plain under-
neath. Diam. 3/4in.
R. Bone disc. Plain. Diam. 3/4in.
S. Faience, melon-shaped bead, bluish-green in colour. Diam. 5/8in.
Height 11/16in.
T 1. Glass bead, green, 3 notches. Length 5/8in.
T 2. Ditto, black, 3 notches. Length 1/2in.
T 3. Ditto, green, 2 notches. Length 3/8in.
T 4. Ditto, emerald green, 1 notch. Length 1/4in.
T 5. Ditto, turquoise, twisted without becoming notched. Length 3/4in.
T 6. Ditto, blue, 1 notch. Length 3/16in.
T 7. Ditto, green, 2 notches. Length 5/16in.
T 8. Ditto, green, 1 notch 3/16in.
T 9. Fragment of coral, partly pierced lengthways for a bead. Length
9/16in.
(This now makes a total of 409 beads found during 1924 and 1925).
1 suayoyy Plog ‘“yooolg "[] ouey, ey wory
Romano-British Bronze Brooches. Cold Kitchen.
AD ea)
.
u
i
{
\
y
fh
Sade
ON
<r =
tS
* PP SO.
4
}
I
——~ >
ae eee
wees ppt NE Rorestanue : >
7
a
Bronze Dagger and other objects, and Silver British Coin.
Cold Kitchen. +
Romano-british Iron objects. Cold Kitchen. —
VI G
4 Ad
a4 r,t
1
—aS
Ss
)
}
Le LO
\ hire wee. 0
ill, > RR cay,
Rd PIN OO // eat OO
YN . Gil acco he
x @ "sm “0%; co
. »
Romano-British Iron objects. Cold Kitchen. cm
ce
i
PLATE VIL, 22% FULL Sizz.
Soo ee ae
A >
ala a a.»
Romano-British Iron objects. Cold Kitchen. 2
NT er eee <p ea
carte Gee ew, </ ——. A
arises * Beare nes ‘
Romano-British Objects of Bone, Glass Beads, &c. Cold Kitchen.
By R. de C. Nan Kvwvell. ddl
U. Part of Kimmeridge shale bangle. Diam. 2 3/4in. (11 fragments
found of various thicknesses and diameters).
FRAGMENTS OF Guiass Founp Not ILLUSTRATED.
Fourteen fragments were found recognisable as parts of bottles, cups, and
vases, chiefly of a light green colour, a few white. One white fragment
of a lip of a vase has an added spiral twist outside.
POTTERY NOT ILLUSTRATED.
Vase of New Forest ware with indented sides. Brownish-purple in
e<olour. Pieced together and not complete. Height 4in. Diam. at top
i 3/4in.
Identical with above but more incomplete.
Bowl or porringer with straight sides obliquely outset, and a thick
rounded flange just below a small upright lip. Diam. including flange
5 1/2in. Height 3in. Pieced together.
Ditto. Diam. 7 1/2in. Height 3 1/2in. Pieced together.
Small open bowl] with bead rim. Of coarse brown ware. Diam. 4 1/2in.
Height 2in. Pieced together.
Oval cooking pot with two handles. Of coarse black ware. Scored with
trellis pattern. Length 9in. Width6in. Height 13/4in. Pieced together.
Fragments of bow] of Samian ware, form 9, plain. Diam. Tin. Height
2 1/2in.
Fragments of bowl of Samian ware, form 37, decorated in relief with
band of egg and tassel design, hunting scene, and ivy-leaf pattern. Part
of base with stamp missing. Diam. 6 1/2in. Height 3 1/2in.
Part of a perforated bowl, colander (?) with horizontally set lip. Of a
soft grey paste. Diam. 6in. Height 3in.
Fragments of a shallow bowl ornamented with ribs or cordons. Coated
inside and out with haematite. Approx. size diam. 7in. Height 2in.
Fragment of thin pot of hard light grey ware, coated inside and out with
a greenish-brown glaze.
Fragments of New Forest ware painted with different designs in white
slip.
Fragment of pot decorated with rosette pattern and upright lines of
small sunken oblongs.
Ditto, but with larger rosettes.
Fragments of pottery of a soft light brown paste, with incised designs
bearing a close resemblance to those on the pottery found on the late Celtic
siteat All Cannings Cross. (cf. Walts Arch. Mag., vol. xxxvii., pages 526—
538.)
(22 decorated fragments of this type of pottery found.)
Chalk whorl. Diam. 3/4in. Height 3/4in.
Ditto. Diam. 1 3/8in. Height 5/8in.
Ditto. Diam. lin. Height lin.
Ditto. Diam. 3 1/2in, Height 3/4in.
Half of. circular chalk object. Ornamented with a series of holes in
outside edge of circumference, and also on top face. Raised ring in centre,
mou. <LIII——-NO. CXLIV. Ve
332 Objects found at Cold Kitchen Hill, Brixton Deverell.
and incised lines. On reverse incised lines with part of a zig-zag pattern.
Diam. 2 5/8in. Thickness 5/8in.
Pottery whorl. Diam. 2in. Height 3/8in.
Pottery disc. Diam. lin. Height 1/4in.
Sling bullet of baked clay. Length 1 1/2in. Diam. 3/4in.
Ditto. Length 2in. Diam. 1 1/8in. (Four of these found. Average
length 1 1/2in).
Ball of chipped chalk. Diam. 3/4in.
Ball of chipped flint. Diam. 2 1/2in.
Ditto. Diam. 2 1/4in. (Four of these found of varying roundnesses..
Average diam. 2 1/2in). |
Chipped flint object. Partly natural. Length 2 3/4in. Width 5/8in.
Fragment of hypocaust flue, with deep incisions, brick-red in colour.
(Twelve fragments found).
Tube of baked clay. Length 2in. Diam. 3/8in.
Fragments of sawn deer horns. (Six fragments sawn and twelve natural
parts found).
List oF Corns Founp.
BRITISH.
1, Small silver Uninscribed.
RoMAN.
Small silver Domitian. A.D. 81—96.
1. 5 Antoninus Pius. » I38l—161.
1. Small brass, tinned Salonina. » 2538—286..
1. Middle brass Constantinus [. o06 oat.
1. Small brass Gallienus. 5» 2538 — 268.
2. %» Victorinus. » 265—267..
1s a8 Marius i —267..
19. 53 Tetricus. 5» 267—273.
3. ” Claudius Gothicus. 5» 268—270..
2. 99 Carausius. 4» 287—289..
1. » Constantius. 5, 305—806..
16. % Constantinus I. » + 806—327..
2: " Type Urbs Roma.
I. 9 Magnentius. 800 —358..
10. 9» Unidentified.
63 Total
—
With the coins found last year the total is now 169.
Q39d
NOTES.
The Great Bustards in Salisbury Museum. The
Museum possesses four of these birds, three undoubtedly Wiltshire speci-
mens, and the fourth possibly so also. These have now been collected into
one .case and re-set by Messrs. Rowland Ward, of Piccadilly, in natural
attitudes and surroundings at a cost of £80, including a gift from Mr.
William Wyndham,of Williton of £50,which made the enterprise a possibility.
Of the four Bustards one was shot and wounded by one of Lord Ailesbury’s
keepers named King, at Henswood, in January, 1856. Some days later a
little boy of seven came across the bird with a broken leg and in spite of
the fact that the bird showed fight and bit his fingers he dragged it a
quarter of a mile to the farm where his brother was working. ‘here the
bird’s neck was broken, and the small boy carried it home to his mother.
It was a young cock weighing 133lbs., and measured 6ft. 3in. across the
wings. Later in the day two young men out shooting bought the bird for
1/-. It was stuffed by Mr. Leadbeater for Mr. Rowland, of Hungerford,
and was subsequently bought for Mr. M. H. Marsh, M.-P. for Salisbury,who
paid £20 for it. It came to the museum with the whole of the Marsh col-
lection in 1882. Two others, a cock and a hen, were shot in 1871, the hen
birdat Maddington on July 23rd by a bird-keeping boy named Stephen Smith,
who seeing three birds together and having no shot, loaded his gun witha
small stone and winged the bird at 300 yards. This bird was stuffed at
Warminster for the Salisbury Museum, and its flesh provided a dinner at
Salisbury to which ten privileged guests sat down. It weighed 74lbs. and
measured 5ft. 2in. across the wings. ‘The cock bird was shot three days
later at Berwick St. James, by a keeper employed by Mr. Erlysman
Pinkney. It weighed 17lbs. and measured 6ft. 8in. across the wings. On
Mr. Pinckney’s death, it was presented to the Salisbury Museum. The
third bird of this party of Bustards escaped. The fourth example at
Salisbury was purchased for the Museum at the Dinton House sale a few
years ago, when it was catalogued as “a Large Goose in case,” for £7 10s.
Nothing is known as to where it came from, but it may well bea Wiltshire
specimen. The above particulars are given by Mr. Frank Stevens, F.S.A.,,
in the Wiltshire Gazette, July 9th, 1925. It would be a happy thing if
some generous bird lover would enable our society to do as much for the
Wiltshire Bustards in Devizes Museum as has now been done for those at
Salisbury.
The Field, January 14th, 1926, reports the shooting of two Great Bustards,
a hen bird in Ireland on December 9th, 1925, and another at Cockfield,
Suffolk, which was mistaken for a wild goose and sold as such toa butcher,
who wondered why its feet had no webs.
A Wiltshire Polecat. Under this heading in the Wiltshire
Gazette, February 4th, 1926, Mr. Alfred Williams, of South Marston, writes
Zi 2
334 Notes.
that during 1925 a labourer at Bradenstoke, named Ernest King, setting a
trap for a Badger at the mouth of an earth caught a Polecat which weighed
5lbs. 4ozs. He sold the animal to a Mr. Hawkins, of Swindon, who most
unfortunately did not take measures to have it stuffed until it was too late
to do so, and this interesting survival of an animal long believed to be ex-
tinct in Wiltshire was lost. Mr. Williams, however, maintains that he
saw one alive near Cricklade in 1914, and that he heard from friends of one
at Fairford in 1910. He heard of another at Witney two years ago, and
“a shepherd near Boars Hill, Oxford, had one under observation for several
weeks last summer (1925),” and a keeper at Pusey, near Faringdon, in the
spring of last year saw a Polecat close to his cottage, which escaped him.
Mr. Williams therefore believes that in the Upper Thames district a few
polecats are still in existence. [A few particulars in the above account
which do not appear in the paper are derived from a letter of Mr. Williams’
to myself. ] Ep. H. Gopparp.
Romano-British Interment at Stanton St. Quintin.
The Rev. Canon the Hon. B. P. Bouverie, formerly Rector of Stanton St.
Quintin, writes Dec. 4th, 1924, “I send you a fibula and also a glass tear
drop found at the same time. It was in some year between 1870 and 1880.
I was poking about in a quarry between Upper and Lower Stanton St.
Quintin when I saw what I believe was a cinerary urn of red-brown
pottery among the stones. I tried to get it out, but unfortunately it fell to
pieces so small that I could not put it together again, but in it I found
this fibula and also the tear drop. When I got them the pin was still in
the brooch, but was so rusted at the point, it fell off, and alas I have lost
that. I can’t make out what metal it is made of.” The fibulais a plain
T-headed one of strong make, 23in. long, the spring of seven coils being
protected by the T-shaped head and attached to it by the wire being run
through a hole in the base of the bow. ‘The catch plate is pierced with a
large triangular opening, a reminiscence of the earlier pre-Roman fibulee in
which the front was turned back to meet the bow. It much resembles one
found at Newstead, nr. Melrose, and figured by Curle (Plate Ixxxv., 4)
which was definitely dated by associated objects “ not earlier than the middle
of the second century.” It also resembles one found by Gen. Pitt Rivers at
the Romano-British village of Woodcuts, and figured in Hxcavations, Vol.
1, Plate xii., fig. 9, except that in the Woodcuts specimen the catch plate is
not pierced. Pitt Rivers notes that “it appears to be of white metal having
a considerable alloy of tin,” and this curiously is true also of the Stanton
specimen, which is of a silvery white metal, yellower in some places, very
hard and uncorroded, and is not merely of bronze silvered over or plated as
many brooches are. The “tear drop” mentioned in the letter is a small
drop-shaped lump of clear glasss, probably a glass bead fused in the funeral
fire. In view of the known existence of the considerable villa in Stanton
Wood it is not remarkable that Roman burials should occur there. The
exact spot where the pot was found is a quarry in a hollow about half-way
along the first stretch of straight road on the left hand side on the way from
the Church to Lower Stanton. Canon Bouverie did not notice any burnt
Notes. 335
bones or ashes in the pot. The objects have been placed in Devizes
Museum. Ep. H. GopDARD.
Romano-British Site in Savernake Forest. The
Rey. A. Joyce Watson reports that in the open valley in Savernake, known
as “ Red Venn,” the whole hillside is covered with low banks and sunken
tracks, with Jow mounds, where quantities of pottery sherds, and smalliron
and bronze articles, cleats, nails, etc., occur. The site is just W. of the line
of the Roman road, about half-way between the London road and the
Grand Avenue, N.W. of Ashlade Firs. No real excavation of this site has
been attempted.
Roman Objects found at Box, 1922—1926. The
following coins have been found :—An Aureus of Galba, a denarius of Julia
Sozemias ; Second Brass of Allectus, and Diocletian ; and third Brass of
Claudius Gothicus, Aurelian, Constantine I., Constantine junr., and
Constans (?). Of pottery, numerous fragments of the commoner wares,
tiles, etc., a few fragments of Castor ware, and about 30 small fragments of
Samian, including a base with the potter’s mark ATILIANUS (?). Also
the handle of an amphora. ‘Iwo pieces of plain stone columns were found,
and a small fragment about 10 inches long of the upper right hand corner
of what seems to have been a tablet or relief of figures within an ornamented
border. Only a hand holding a trident remains,? part of a figure of
Neptune. ‘This was found on the site of the villa N. of the Church, and is
now deposited on loan at Devizes Museum. A. SHAW MELLOR.
Modern use of Sarsens as Tombstones. The Duke of
Somerset was buried on the top of the hill above Maiden Bradley. His
grave has now been marked by a large natural unworked Sarsen at the
head, 8ft. high, and four smaller ones at the corners, having much the ap-
pearance of a ruined dolmen. ‘The Sarsens came from Bushey Penning,
just S. of East Kennet. Ep. H. GoDDARD.
Rows of Sarsens round Celtic Lynchets. An article
entitled “ Giants’ Hedges,” by O. G. S. C(rawford), in the Wiltshire Gazette,
Noy. 18th, 1924, calls attention to the fact that ‘fon the Marlborough
Downs, in the Sarsen region, the Celtic lynchets are lined with rows of
large boulders. Some of these still stand upright, proving that they were
once intentionally set up in arow. On Totterdown the lines are remark-
ably clear, and afew were noticed and inserted on the 25in. map (first
edition). ‘The Rev. H. G. O. Kendall informs me that some were exposed
not long ago at the foot of Winterbourne Monkton Down; and they were
most certainly placed intentionally to form a kind of retaining wall to the
lynchet. I have seen others along the very fine series of lynchets in
Winterbourne Monkton Pennings close by. Unfortunately they are now
all being broken up to make “ paving stones for the Swindon streets.” Mr.
Crawford believes, no doubt rightly, that when the ground was originally
cleared for cultivation the sarsens lying on it were dragged (precisely as they
are to this day on the arable land, when they come in contact with the
336 Notes.
ploughshare) to the side of the field and there set up as a hedge or fence.
Similar walls or fences of boulders are still being made in Cornwall and
in Wales. Mr. Crawford even suggests that some of the “Stone Rows” on
Dartmoor may have been fences or boundary marks.
Evidences of Prehistoric trade between Wiltshire
and France. Mr. O. G. 8S. Crawford, in an interesting article on
“ Prehistoric trade between England and France,” in L’ Anthropologie, in
1913, mentions several objects which are now in the Society’s Museum at
Devizes. ‘The first of these is the remarkable highly polished celt of green
stone which belonged to the Brook collection. An outline drawing of this
was given. Mr. Crawford notes two other instances of highly polished
greenstone implements of Brittany type found near Beaulieu (Hants), one
belonging to Mr. Dale, of Southampton, the other to Lord Montagu. Sir
John Evans in recording a similar example from Guernsey (Evans’ Stone
1897, p. 107) says “should authenticated instances of the finding of celts
of this class in our southern counties be adduced, they will be of interest
as affording prima facie evidence of intercourse with the Continent at an
early period.” Mr. Brooks’ example was found at Breamore, just outside
the Wiltshire border, but the actual circumstances of its finding seems not
to have been recorded. Mr. Crawford also cites the ginger jar shaped urn
of burnished red pottery found by Sir R. C. Hoare in a Bronze Age barrow
at Winterbourne Stoke, the surviving fragments of which are in the
Stourhead collection at Devizes (Ancient Wilts, plate xv., fig. 1.) as being
apparently of a French type. This urn is unlike anything else found in
Wiltshire. But the most important evidence of prehistoric trade across
the Channel in the Bronze Age seems to be that afforded by the straight-
sided square socketed Bronze Celts of a well-known Breton type, described
by Sir John Evans ( Bronze 1881, p. 115), of which there were four examples
in the Brooke collection (See W.A.M, xxxix., 482), three of which from
Wiltshire are now at Devizes, and one from Berks in the Newbury Museum.
From the fact that many of these celts still have their sockets filled with
the clay plug used in casting, and that the edge of their blades have never
been sharpened it seems probable that they were imported as a medium of
exchange, a species of currency. Mr. Crawford gives a map showing the
distribution in Southern Britain of greenstone polished celts, and bronze
socketed celts of Breton type.
Barrow at Winterslow Hut opened 1844. The
Rev. A. B. Hutchins, Curate of Ludgershall, writing to The Antiquarian
and Architectural Year Book for 1844, published by T. C. Newby, 72,
Mortimer Street, Cavendish Square, 1845, gives on pp. 23—26 a full
description of the opening of a barrow at Winterslow Hut. An urn 18in. x
18in. was found inverted. It was ornamented both outside and inside
the neck with “ victors’ laurel” pattern. There was a linen covering over
the mouth of the urn, and it contained an amber solitaire bead, 23 beads of
amber, etc. On the floor a bronze pin, a small rounded two-edged lance
head highly fluted ;a small earthenware vessel, and an urn 12 x 114 inches
Notes. 337
with imitation handles, containing burnt bones, Another burnt inter-
ment was accompanied by a mixed metal spearhead bent towards the top,
4 iron arrowheads, and a small circular earthen vase. In the centre of the
barrow 4ft. below ground level was found a skeleton, head to north, with
metal spearhead, slate gorget with three holes at each end, a red earthen
vase of three pints capacity, with ornamentation, found between the knees
and the feet of the skeleton, containing two flint arrowheads.
A Prehistoric Hearth at Dinton. In the chalk pit near
the Field Barn of East Farm, Dinton, a dark mass was seen at the level of
the top of the hard chalk. Above this was the section of a lynchet of two
distinct periods. The bottom of the basin-shaped hearth was 1ft. 3in,
below the level of the top of the chalk. Its length was 5ft. 6in., and width
approximately 3ft. No pottery, bones, or worked flints were found, simply
charcoal, pot-boilers, and ‘‘ dirt.” R. C. C. Cray.
Avebury Church Rood Loft Lights. Mr. Aymer Vallance,
F.S.A., writing to the editor, August 24th, 1920, says:—‘‘ Did you know
that when I went up the most precipitous and dangerous roodstair at
Avebury I found, along the top surface of the handrail of the parapet traces
of the round holes or sockets where the lights before the rood had been
fixed. ‘There had been 10 holes at (distances of) about I1ft. 6in. I suppose
these held bowls with prickets. I have rarely found so complete a set of
holes for this purpose.
Wiltshire Yeomanry Cavalry and Militia Papers.
Two letter box files of letters and papers were given to the library in 1924
by Miss Eyre Matcham through Lord Heytesbury. ‘The large majority are
letters from Lord Pembroke, as Lieutenant of Wilts, to “ Mr. Winch,
Attorney at Law, Crane Street, Salisbury,” “ the Clerk of the Lieutenancy,”
dating from 1794 to 1821, but there are many also from Lt.-Col. Lord
George Thynne, of Baycliffe, Warminster, and from Sir C. H. Malet, of
Wilbury, and other Deputy Lieutenants who seemed to have had much to do
with the raising of the forces in those days, and officers, such as Lt.-Col.
Robert Humphrys, of The Ivy ; Col. Lord Bruce; J. T. Batt, of New Hall;
J. H. Penruddocke, of Compton; J. T. Egerton, of Winterslow ; W. W.
Salmon, of Devizes; John Kyre, of Marlborough; Henry Ashe; Lord
Henry Petty, &c. On December 20th, 1806, the Volunteer Corps is re-
turned by Lord George Thynne as consisting of 1 Lt.-Col., 1 Major, 6
Captains, 4 Lieuts., 3 Ensigns, 1 Sergeant-Major, 20 Sergeants, 20 Corporals,
12 Drummers, and 880 Privates; whilst the Lavington and Cheverell
Company of Volunteer Infantry, commanded by Capt. Garrett, consisted
on April 4th, 1809, of 83 men with “ Firelocks and Accoutrements” and
none with “ pikes.” On March 2nd in the same year the total for the county
of the “ Volunteer Cavalry” was 5386, and of the “ Volunteer Infantry ”
1313, whilst the ‘‘ Local Militia”’ in the various divisions were returned as
Avon and Bourne 288, Devizes 671, N.- West Wilts 700, S.-West Wilts 405,
W. Wilts 720, Blackland 46, a total of 2830, so that 823 men were still
“wanting ” to complete the three establishments.
338 Notes.
In 1814 the Militia possessed two brass field pieces which had been pro-
vided by the general subscription of the county. In spite of thisit seems that
the War Office claimed them—for Lord Pembroke writes that he had with re-
gard to them, ‘‘ the longest of the many dull correspondences to which I
have been exposed in my various callings. Upon that occasion I mastered
the Master-Gen! of the Ordnance in defence of the guns of the county,
to which they belong.” In1798 Lord Bruce writes that “a barrel of blank
cartridges and some flints had been received at Marlborough, by Mr. Tayler,
Quartermaster,” for the use of the troop of Yeomanry. Lists of officers, and
in some cases of men, the amounts paid by officers on receipt of their com-
missions, from £3 3s. by Colonels, down to 10s. 6d. by Ensigns, the plan
approved at the county meeting on January 27th, 1809, for the division of
the county for the purpose of supplying the five local militia battalions, and
many other matters, occur in the correspondence, the great mass of which,
however, really only deals with routine details and is not of much interest.
There is no doubt on one point ; whenever anything went wrong, and things
not infrequently did so, it was always poor Mr. Winch’s fault. Lord
Pembroke makes this clear.
Discovery of a hoard of English Silver Coins at
Allington (All Cannings). In the course of building some
cottages at Allington in September, 1925, on the site where, some ten
or twelve years ago, there stood two very old houses, the workmen found
it necessary to remove the capstone of a disused well in the garden. Under
one of the corners of this stone they found over one hundred silver coins in
a heap. They were brought to me for examination and were found to
consist of :—
10 Shillings of Queen Elizabeth.
18 Sixpences ditto.
6 Shillings of King James Ist.
7 Sixpences ditto.
33 Half-Crowns of King Charles Ist.
25 Shillings ditto.
7 Sixpences ditto.
Most of these coins are in a poor state of preservation, much worn, and,
especially in the case of the half-crowns of Charles, very much clipped.
There were about ten more in the hoard, but some were lost, and two or
three given away before the finders realised that the find might be con-
sidered as ‘Treasure Trove.” Of those given away there was one half-
crown of Charles Ist dated 1643, so it seems possible that the original
owner hid his savings under this well-stone during the time of the Civil
War in Wiltshire, and never returned to enjoy the benefit of it. The
Treasury were communicated with as to the disposal of the find.
: Bb. H. CUNNINGTON.
Stonehenge. Burial of Ashes of.‘‘ Latter Day
Druids.’’ Following on a question asked in Parliament by the mem-
ber for Salisbury, and the answer of Mr. Jowett, First Commissioner of
Notes. 339
Works, that he did not propose to object to the burial by the “ Latter Day
Druids”’ of the ashes of their dead at Stonehenge, and the protest against this
passed by the Wilts Arch. Society at their Salisbury meeting, many letters
appeared in the Zzmes. On August 28th Lord Crawford and Balcarres,
President of the Society of Antiquaries, appealed to the “ Druids” them-
selves not to press their claims, and to the First Commissioner of Works to
reconsider his decision, whilst Sir Will. Boyd Dawkins protested more
forcibly, declaring that the ‘‘ Druids” had nothing whatever to do with
Stonehenge. On August 3lst weighty letters of protest appeared from
different points of view from Mr. J. H, Round and Mr. J. U. Powell,
Senior Tutor of St. John’s Coll., Oxford. In the end it was understood
that the permission which had been given had been withdrawn.
The Tropenell Cartulary, This remarkable MS. volume,
begun by order of Thomas Tropenell, the builder of Great Chalfield Manor
House, in 1464, and added to until his death in 1488, was purchased by Mr.
W. Heward Bell, F-.S.A., in order that it might be available for publication
and was edited for the Wilts Archeological Society by the late Rev. J.
Sylvester Davies, and published in two volumes in 1908. From that date
until the end of 1923 the stout quarto volume remained in Mr. Bell’s
possession. At that date he sold it to Mr. Robert Fuller, of Great Chal-
field, for the amount which he himself had given for it, and the book once
more returned to the house in which it was originally compiled some 460
years ago.
Box, Haselbury, & Ditcheridge Rate & Valuation,
1628! A rate and valuation of every livinge in the pishes of Box,
Haselbery, and Ditcheridge agreed upon & made, and likewise consented
unto, by us the inhabitants of the pishes afforesayed, and whose names are
under subscribed this 12th daie of August 1628: for to remayne in the
Churtch coffer of the pish Church of Box, as allso one coppy indented
therwth .w'* George Speke of Haselbery Esq’ and those to be psidents
wherby to gather & collecte what every man’s pt shale be pportionabelly to
theire livinges for w*" they are liabell, towards any payment that these
pishes or livings or any of them shall or may be chardged w"" all.
Box. li.
George Speke for the psonadge 110
John Pinchin for the psonadge howse & stitchings 15
George Speke esq’ for the farm and divers other lands in Box = 157
Mr. Coren for his Vicaridge 80
Mr. Hery Long for his lands 140
Mr. Zacharias Pouer for Rudlowe farme 80
Peeter Webb for his farmes and land in Box 72
Thomas Pers of fford for his grounds 36
William Sumtion for his mill and grounds thir unto belongige 36
Willia Pinchin for his mills & grounds therunto belonginge “36
Gifford Hulbert for Slade livinge 36
—
' In possession of Mr. Peter Pinchen, of Box, (1888).
340 Notes.
John Taylor for Mr. Hunts wormwood & the grounds and land
beloginge 36
Mr. John Longe for his lande _ 34
Thomas West for Week & hardigs 30
John Pinell for Hill Howse __ 28
Widowe Curtise for her tenemt 28
Thomas Broade for his tenemt & divers other lands besids 24
Lorance Cottell for beasars tent 22
John Smith for Simons tenet 21 10se
Widowe fiisher for her lande 20
Richard ffilx for butlers tenement of Rudlowe : 20
Anthony Baldwine for his tent 18
Willia Butler of Midelhill for his tenent a 18
{Wormcelift] William Sandall for Coxes tent 16
Willia Butcher of Rudlo for his tenement 15
Willia Jeffery for his tenet : 14
[Ducket] Michell Cuffe for Vinsies tenet 14
[Jo. Baylie] Willia Rawlins for his tenet 13
[W= Eyre] Klement England for his tenet 13
[Henly] Thomas Adla for Joanses tenet 12
John Moxa for his land 11
John Pers for his grounds 10
Robert Butcher for his tenet 10
Robert Reynolls for his house and groundes 10
[D: Haris] Widowe Newman for her tenet att Kingsdoune 10
Anthony Balden & Richard ffilx for Cottels bargayne 10
Henry butler of rwd. (—2) for his tent 10
[s collets] Thomas fford for his tenet
[Henslows] John head for his howse & grounds
Thomas Hiller for M' hunts tenet att an greene
Widowe harden for her tenet
Thomas West jun' for Coxes tenet & divers other grounds
John Bolwell for his mill
Willia Nicholls for his tenet
John Newman of ffoga for his tet
John Pinchen for bur yate 2 grounds
John Jeffery for his tenet
Anthony Moxa for his _tenent
Gills Bayly for his tenet
John Woodman for his grounds
Willia Nowell for his ; tenet
John Love for his tenet and the ground under Cleeves
Thomas Blanchard for his bargayne
Michaell Bolwell for his Meade
Willia P .. ell for his ground
The Lady Corwallis, her tenants for her lande in Box
NONawwmPRPrRKH BRA OOD ® GOT aT ©
The su of Box 1360
Notes. 341
The su of the psonadg 125
The su of the Vicaridg 80
George Speke for haselbury 63
DITCHERIDGE. line st
The psonadge 24 10
Michael Bolwell and Richard Chapman for there farme 34
Willia Klement for his fare Ht
Michaell Chelnam for his tenet 20
Willia Klement for wests 18
Peeter Webb for filx 8
Gifford Hulbert for hollies q
The su of dicheridg psoadge 24
The su of the rest of the pish 114
Su totalis 138
The totall sum of Box 1360 10
The su of Hasebery 063
The sum of Ditcheridge 138 10
Suma totalis 1562
(Signed)
GEORGE SPEKE
ZACHARIAS POWER
ANTHONIE BALDEN his marke
WILLIAM CLEMENT his marke
WILLIAM PINCHEN.
[Nore.—The marginal annotations were doubtless made subsequently to
the valuation, and give the names of the then owners of the lands in
question]. [Transcribed by A. St. J. Story Maskelyne].
Avebury! A new stone in the Kennett Avenue,
In the dry summer of 1921 I walked the line of the Kennett Avenue lead-
ing in an irregular straight line to the S.E. from the great circle at Avebury
with the idea of finding buried stones by observation of the burnt-up turf.
By the aid of a steel probe a large stone was located in the east of West
Kennett village. In November, 1922, by the kind permission of Capt. R.
Edwards, I was able to excavate the site. O.M. Sheet 28 8.W. (6-inch)
shows four fallen stones of the avenue lying in the bank of the Bath Road
over the hedge. On the south side, 77ft. east from the most easterly of
these is the newly discovered stone lying in the same straight line.
Work was commenced on the 25th November, 1922, and after taking off
the turf a large stone was struck at the depth of 1ft, and on being cleared
revealed a new avenue stone 10ft. 7in. long and just under 5ft. wide and
2ft. thick at the edges and thickening considerably towards the centre. It
was lying EK. and W., with the larger end to the west. At the latter end
' The Society is indebted to Mr. Passmore for half the cost of the blocks
illustrating these notes.
342 Notes.
were two large packing blocks and in the Space between them was a layer
of flints and small sarsens from 6in. to about 1ft in diameter extending for
about 4ft. under the fallen monolith. It is obvious that the large stone
was brought into position from the east side, the larger end was placed on
the hard pavement and the other end raised up so as to bring the lower
Plan of Stone as excavated. The small packing blocks were only partly
uncovered.
part of one edge between the two large packing blocks which were doubt-
less already in position. It thus stood with its broad side facing the
avenue. In falling, the stone fell on its edge, and then turned over on toits |
flat face. It is simply a rough sarsen such as occur locally, and no marks of |
tooling were noticed. As the stone lies in a valuable pasture near theriver, |
only a small excavation was made, nothing was moved except a fewof the |
paving stones, these were replaced and everything was covered up exactly as
it was before work started.
One small piece of black pottery too small for determination was found
on the pavement. ‘I'wo flint flakes came out of a curious natural groove
which crosses transversely the upper face of the stone. ‘The excavation
Plate I.—Objects of Early Iron Age from N. Wilts (Passmore Collection),
Plate II.—Pottery vessels of Early Iron Age found in N. Wilts (Passmore Collection).
Notes. 343
was visited by the Rev. H. G. O. Kendall, F.S.A., and others, while the
_ work was done by H. Tuck, of Avebury, and the writer.
|
|
|
The stone now lies at the foot of the low causeway which carries the
Bath Road at this spot, its N. edge is 18ft. 4in. from the south edge of the
metalled road ; its west end is exactly 77ft. from the nearest point of the
stone to the west, allowing for rainwash and modern movement of the
ground only about 2ft. of the stone could have been underground.
A. D. PASSMORE.
Early Iron Age Antiquities from N. Wilts. ‘The
antiquities described and illustrated on Plates I. and II. have been
found by chance while exploring ancient sites or by men employed in
excavating for road material or rabbits.
Plate I, (i). The earliest in point of date is the ring-headed bronze pin of
Hammersmith type, length 5cms., formed from a thin circular bar of metal ;
the head is not in the same plane as the pin. A rare type of the 4th—3rd
cent. B.C. Found at Upper Upham, in Aldbourne parish.
(2). A ring-headed pin of iron llcms. in length found near Russley.
(3). La Tene I. brooch of bronze ; these brooches are of great interest
and rarity except in Wiltshire where about thirty have been found. ‘The
present specimen was found near the pin last described in 1905, it is 41mm.
long and 13 wide at the coils. In ancient times the pin has been broken and
replaced, it still works on a bar of metal thrust through the coils.
(4). A penannular ring brooch with moveable pin, of bronze with flat
spiral ends, it is oval in outline and formed of round wire, the pin is of the
same form except the ring joint ; in this the metal has been beaten flat and
bent over the ring of the brooch. ‘This form was found in the Glastonbury
Lake Dwelling but is rare elsewhere ; greatest length 29mm. Found near
Nos. 2 and 3 but not actually associated with them.
(5). A bronze brooch of La Tene III. type with solid catch plate and
with bow, spring, and pin in one piece, length 51mm. Found near Russley.
(6). Bronze brooch similar to No. 5 and from the same locality, 47mm.
long.
(7). A bronze earring (?) illustrated full size, a Hallstatt form but pro-
bably of La Tene I. date, found in Liddington Castle.
(8). A solid cast ring of bronze illustrated full size found with Nos. 1
_ and 9 at Upper Upham.
(9). A bronze pin of a well-known Lake Dwelling type, was straight
when found but was bent by finder, length 92mm. Of round bronze except
the head which has been hammered flat and then coiled ; found with Nos.
1 and 8 at Upham.
Plate II. (10). A bead rim pot of grey brown pottery with black patches,
_ handmade of thick ware, height 5Zins., diameter 67in. at mouth and 84in, at
_ base, roughly in the centre of which a hole 19mm. in diameter has been bored.
_ Greatest diameter 74ins. ‘This specimen was found in a pit in the garden
_ of Grovelands, Westlecott Road, Swindon, due south of the railway bridge
inthatroad. It was surrounded by ashes and much broken pottery ; these
were collected and taken away by one entirely ignorant of ancient pottery
344 Notes.
and unfortunately lost. In any case they could not be found when the
owner applied for them, thus much interesting material has disappeared.
The mouth of the pot is slightly oval.
(11). A large elegantly shaped hand-made pot of reddish brown thin
pottery with a bead rim, lip 8in., middle 10in., base 3in. in diameter, found in
fragments by a flint digger near: Russley and restored.
(12). A large bead rim hand-made vessel of hard grey pottery 74in. high,
72.in. in greatest diameter, base 33in., the mouth is somewhat oval in shape
being 57in. one way and 63in. the other; found by flint diggers on White-
field Hill, Aldbourne, together with much pottery of an early character.
All the above-mentioned objects are in my own collection.
A. D. PassMorE,
A new site for Naturally Polished Flints. About
1921 a flint digger working on the N. face of Whitefield Hill in the parish
of Aldbourne, close to and East of the Swindon—Marlborough road, found
three highly lustrous flints exactly similar to those from Collingbourne
described by the writer in W.A.J/., xli., p. 183. They were treasured as
curios till sold to the writer in 1925.
(1) A rod-like water worn flint the size of a small finger lustred all
over including the ends. (2) A thin much water-worn flint roughly 4in. x
Qin. and din. thick, lustred all over except where it has been broken in
modern times. (3) A natural flint nodule still retaining (as the others) its |
white skin. Several flakes have been naturally broken away from the base. |
The whole of the specimen is highly lustred except two spots caused by |
an accident when found. There is now very little doubt that this extra- |
ordinary lustre was caused by a flow of fine mud and sand over the flints |
when lying in water. A. D. PASSMORE.
Pits at Winterbourne Stoke. On February 7th, 1925, Mr. |
R. S. Newall, F.S.A., wrote as follows :—“‘ My friend, Mr. R. Courage, of
Scotland Farm, Winterbourne Stoke, asked me to come and dig out the
remains of a skeleton found at Parsonage Down while digging holes for |
posts. The site is now pasture after plough, and there are no signs of |
banks, ditches, or holes, but many burnt flints and pieces of pottery, too |
weathered to be of any use, are lying on the surface. I found a pit 3ft. |
deep by 4ft.in diameter. In the chalky earth were animal bones, ox and |
sheep, and some small pieces of pottery. This chalky earth came to within |
18in. of the surface, then 6in. of clean moved chalk, and above this had |
evidently been a layer of large flints and earth. On the N. side of the pit |
was a recess 18in. deep filled with the same earthy chalk and two hands and |
one foot of a skeleton 2% stu. What had happened was that the original |
pit had been filled up, or had silted up to within 18in. of the surface; that |
then a cutting had been made in the north side and the chalk from this |
had been thrown into the middle of the original pit. ‘The crouched skeleton |
was buried only 18in. below the surface, lying, I think, on the left side with |
head to N.W. The skeleton had been covered over with large flints. |
There were about 18 small pieces of pottery, no rim fragments. Dr. R. C. |
Stone perforated Mace Head (?), about 3. Found near Bilbury Camp,
Wylye. In possession of R. S. Newall, F.S.A.
‘PEEL ‘OSplUqmoly, (990199 JANOL-) UL puNnoj AINJUID ISI OY} JO sUOJSeAvIyH Jyusquinoey
|
i
|
|
)
{
}
|
|
|
|
|
H
Notes. 345
La Tene I. or II.? The pottery above or near the skeleton was the same
as in the pit. This might be caused by covering the skeleton with earth
from the pit. Dr. Clay thought the skeleton that of a boy of about 7 or 8
years of age. Another pit was found, but the ground was in too bada
state to dig it out.” ‘lhe importance of the find is that it locates a new pit
site. It lies in the middle of the large field to the N. of the Amesbury
Road, W. of Scotland Farm, between the farm and the sixth milestone from
Amesbury, rather nearer the latter.
Medieval Gravestones at Trowbridge. The Wiltshire
Times, of Sept. 27th, 1924, reported the discovery of several recumbent
tombstones together with a great quantity of human bones in the course of
excavating the foundations of the extension of the Co-operative Bakery in
Court Street, Trowbridge. A stone coffin was also found. It was during
the erection of the earlier premises of the Co-operative Society that the
remarkable coped recumbent stone, with head and foot stones and the other
cross slab, illustrated and described in W.A.M., xxxiv, 218—221, were
found in 1902. The site was apparently that of the Castle burial ground.
The largest of the stones recently found measuring about 6ft. long by 20in,
in width, and slightly coped, has been, like its two predecessors, handed
over to the Parish Church for preservation and now stands upright against
the N. wall under the Tower, where it is well seen. It has a clean break
across the centre but is otherwise in perfect condition and could never have
been exposed to the weather for any length of time. The lettering though
irregular, is deeply cut and perfectly legible. Down the centre runs what
appears to be a processional cross within a moulded border, beyond which
is an outer border of Norman diaper work. ‘The inscription, one line on
each side of the cross is :—“ Ave Maria gratia plena D.N.S. tecom.
Hie Ssepelitur puella noe Acelina.”
A smaller stone measuring 24in. in length by 114in. in width at the
head, flat with a somewhat rude cross cut in relief, has also found a place
in the Parish Church and lies now against the west wall of the Baptistery.
The other stones found were either plain flat stones or cross slabs too
fragmentary for preservation in the church. As can be seen from the
accompanying illustration the larger stone isa singularly beautiful example
of a 12th century tombstone with the rare addition of a legible inscription.
Trowbridge Parish Church is happy in the possession of two early
monuments of so interesting a character as the coped stone found in
- 1902 and the present charming example. Apparently all the stones found
on this site are of the 12th century. K. H. Gopparp.
The Devizes Skippet. The Wiltshire Gazette of May 7th, 1925,
had a photograph of a case containing various “ Relics of Old Devizes ”
recently placed over the mantelpiece in the Council Chamber of the Town
Hall. Amongst these are the Corporation Seals of the 14th Century and
of 1608, a pewter “Sand Box,” and the grant of a stall in the market of cz,
1260, but the most remarkable object is the subject of the following note.
346 Notes,
It was discovered by Capt. B. H. Cunnington behind a number of old Deeds
in the strong room of the Corporation in 1925, and is described as follows
in the introduction to The Constitutions of the Borough of Devizes, edited
by Capt. Cunnington in 1925 (pp. xiv.—xvii.).
‘‘This interesting relic of the early days of Devizes dates from the 14th
Century or possibly earlier. It has a diameter of 5in. at the rim, 43in. at
the base, and is 8#in. high. Immediately below the cover on the rim of
the box is the following inscription: ‘“ Evidencie de Deuyses in Old Port”
in a 14th Century hand writing. ‘The box and cover appear to have been
turned out of one piece of elm and were originally gaily, not to say gaudily,
decorated in various bright colours. About the centre is a series of black
lines arranged chevron wise, the angles being filled with two opposed
conventional leaf-like ornaments; these leaves are coloured alternately
green and yellow, with black veins, the outer edge emphasised with scribbled
lines in cream colour, and the spaces round about the leaves are filled in
with scrolls also in cream colour. Bordering this decoration, above and
below, are three horizontal lines, the middle one is cream coloured, the
others black. ‘he background of the box is coloured a bright red except
the zones above and below the triple horizontal lines. ‘The cover is scored
with tool lines, and there are scrolls in black and cream, now much defaced
and showing no definite design. ‘The colouring as a whole is much faded
except the red, which is still bright in places. ‘The lines that now appear
cream colour may originally have been white.”
Mr. A. E. Stamp, of the Public Record Office, has kindly supplied the
following notes on “ Skippets”’ and the examples under his custody :—
“The word Skippet has a variable meaning. In the limited sense of
cases for seals there are a large number here, mostly made of turned wood,
but in some cases of tinned plate, silver, or silver gilt. In the wider sense
of receptacles for small objects such as deeds there area number here of all
kinds of material, but in the largest collection, viz., that of the Court of
Wards and Liveries, boxes of wood are the exception. ‘The specimens in
the Museum of this Office are much smaller than the Devizes example and ~
the depth is usually about a third or a quarter of the diameter. ‘They con-
tain documents of the 13th, 14th, 15th, and 16th Centuries and have con-
temporary inscriptions, but no ornamentations. There are indeed some
painted boxes in this Museum, but they are of much thinner wood and later
date. The ‘Court of Ward’ boxes are mostly of thin wood or cardboard,
covered with leather and bound with paper, and both on these grounds
and on account of their later date are not comparable with the specimen at
Devizes.”
“The Devizes Skippet contains 25 small parchment deeds, many of them |
with the original seals attached. Eighteen of them are grants and leases,
etc., of burgages and tenements in the Old Port and the New Port of
Devizes, four are bonds, and one is a deed of apprenticeship. A translation
of the remaining two is given in full below as being of more than usual
jnterest. ‘hey are numbered from 1 to 29, but four are missing. The
following is a list of the deeds and an abstract of their contents :—
SA
‘
No
1
__ THE D
-IF9 nresent
ZES SKIPPET _F
Ou
rte
ene
enth, Cen
ti
SN he Nina
i
pia Ab:
: bsar
Notes.
347
Grants, Leases, &c., oF BURGAGES AND TENEMENTS IN THE
OLp Port aND New Port, DEVIZES.
(2) John Auncell to William Harries and Johanna, his wife
[Old Port]
(3) John Coventre & William de Hedyngton to John Sterlyng
[New Port]
(4) John Burley & John Cley to Roger Hawekyns and Edith
his wife [New Port]
(5) Galfridus Sewi to Peter Pugeys of a stall in Devizes
1385
1452
1502
[1216—1272] temp. Hen. II].
(6) William Coventry to William Smith & Johanna his wife
[ New Port]
(12) Thomas Harryes & Alice his wife to Richard Aylewyn of
Compton [Old and New Port]
(13) Christina late wife of John Spycer to her brother John
Holowaye of Rowde [Old Port]
(14) Thomas Smyth & Edith his wife to Nicholas Mere and Johanna
his wife [New Port]
(15) Mayor & Commonality of Devizes to John Westwood [Old
Port]
416) John Holowaye' of Rowde to Nicholas Mere [Old Port]
(17) Quit-Claim of Number 16
(18) John Mulward & Matilda his wife to Reginald Hert [New Port]
419) John Wastel & Alice his wife to William Lucas and Lucy, his
wife [Old Port]
(24) Nicholas Mere to Roger Hawkyns [New Port]
425) Henry le Hert of Southbroom to William le Spicer & Roger
his son [Old Port].
(26) Thomas Dodeman to John Everdon, Clerk, and Robert Smyth
[Old Port]
427) John Hert, son of Henry Hert of Southbroom to Elizabeth
Hert his sister [Southbroom and Devizes]
(29) Katherine Breade to Edward Haynes, Clothmaker [ Rowde]
[signed Edward Heyns]
Bonps.
(8) & (9) Thomas Smyth & Edith his wife to Nicholas Mere in 100£
(10) Thomas Breket of Salisbury and John Browne, pardoner of
St. Clements to Robert Knight Mayor of Devizes, in 10£
{20) Conditions of bond as (8) & (9), but dated 1458.
(28) Richard Middleton, citizen & girdler of London to John
Nassh, Clothman of Devizes
(7) Apprenticeship of John a Neve to John Brede & Katherine
his wife, Weavers
(11) Quit-claim by John Depedene, Clerk, Executor of William
Ayscogh, Bishop of Salisbury, of any personal action he
may have against William Wigmore, husbandman, John
Lillond, husbandman, Richard Grenelane, husbandman,
mee XUITI.—NO. CXLIV. I
1430
1450
1649
1457
1517
1470
1470
1390
1376
1499
1350
1410
1353
1555
[1457]
[1524]
[1500]
[1523]
348 Notes.
Richard Scot, husbandman, John Whateley, husbandman,
Peter Brown, labourer, Robert Hill, husbandman, Thomas
Boys, Milner, Nicholas Hiket, husbandman, John Hiket,
labourer, John Canyng, husbandman, John Hatter, car-
penter, Henry Carter, husbandman, John Carter, husband
man, William Hoper, husbandman, John Hoper, labourer,
Robert Knave, labourer, homas and Robert servants of
William Wigmore, all of West Ashton. 12, Dec. 31.
Hen. VI. [1452]
[ William Ayscough, Bishop of Salisbury, was murdered
in 1450, near Edington, in Wilts, during Jack Cade’s re-
bellion. The present charter probably refers to persons
who participated in the riots resulting in the Bishop’s death. |
(23) Grant by Richard, vicar of Preschuyte [Preshute] and Joh.
Wyly of Borbach [Burbage]to Joh. Auncell of Lauyngton
Episcopi [W. Lavington] of houses, curtilages, burgages,
and stalls in Devises enfeoffed to them by Thomas Larrge,
butcher, of Marlebergh [Marlborough] who had them by
gift and bequest and Margaret his late wife, who had
them by gift and feoffment of Stephen Mymmynges her
former husband ; also an annual rent of 4s. paid by Joh.
Sely for a messuage in le Holdeport in Devizes and
another rent of 4s. in the same from Robert Cove, situated
between tenements of Joh. Wastel and Simon Sandon.
Witnesses Will. Spisour, Mayor, Thomas Fairedam, Ric.
Gobet, Joh. Welford, Joh. Wittherton, Tho. Wytteneye.
Dt. Devizes, Mon. Aft. St. Matthew, 2 Rich. IT. [27 Sept.
1378]. 3
Circular Stone perforated Mace Head from near
Bilbury Camp, Wylye.’ This implement was found on a heap of _
stones gathered off the fields near Bilbury Camp, and was brought to me by
a workman, It is roughly circular with a cutting edge all round. It.
measures 44in. in diameter, and is 14in. thick, the hole being hour-glass |
shaped, 14in. contracting to 1gin. in diameter. I was puzzled at first by
seeing an implement which in form is typical of New Guinea, but Dr. |
Thomas, of the Geological Survey. has kindly identified the stone as a _ |
solidified sandstone comparable with some sarsens, probably from theS.W. |
of England, and not found in New Guinea. The implement has either
been made from a more or less suitable pebble, or else a piece of stone was |
chipped into shape and finally dressed all over by bruising or picking, the |
bruising still being evident. The remarkable feature about it isits cutting |
edge. It would of course be impossible to cut wood with it, as with an
adze, the handle being in the way, but as a weapon it is far more efficient. |
than the usual perforated pebble. Mr. Reginald Smith has kindly drawn |
my attention to somewhat similar mace heads in the British Museum, two |
of which are in the Sturge collection labelled as from Beck Row, Milden- |
1 This implement is illustrated at p. 345 above.
Notes. 349
hall, and Stoneham, both in Suffolk, but these examples have not so
pronounced an edge, nor are they so circular as the Wylye specimen. My
thanks are due to Mr. F. Stevens for taking the photograph here reproduced
as well as to Dr. Thomas and Mr. Reginald, Smith.
In connection with the methods used in the boring of hard stones the
following results of experiments from the Wisconsin Archeologist, vol. vill.
p. 58, are of interest.
Time Depth of
Tool used. | Material bored. occupted. hole.
Arrow with stone point. Turquoise Bead. 26mins. —
Bow drill with stone point Siliceous Rock. 3 hours 1éin.
Ditto Catlinite as hard as 3 hours 5in.
7 banded slate.
Bevelled jasper point in arrow. Catlinite. 40 mins. lin.
Ditto with sand. Ditto. 32 mins. lin.
Ditto in staff weighing 10lbs. & sand Ditto. 22 mins. lin.
Ditto ditto Pine Board. 5 mins. lin.
Ditto ditto Dry Maple. 16mins. lin.
The jasper drill without sand or water after boring nine holes in Catlinite
showed little evidence of use. When boring a soft stone of considerable
thickness the tool is apt to bind and break in the hole, which probably
accounts for boring from both sides. Ash is the most durable wood for
boring with sand. An ash rod, 3in. in diameter and 3ft. long, with sharp
quartz sand bored a cone-shaped hole in Catlinite lin. deep in 66 minutes.
The same with horn point and sand and water took 48 minutes. Owing to
the impossibility of holding the drill perfectly steady the hole becomes en-
larged and the point of the drill becomes cone shaped.
A copper awl, made by hammering up native copper with a quartzite
_ hammer which embeds quartz grains in the copper, bored a 8in. hole in
Catlinite tapering from sin. toa point in 55 minutes. This was aided by
quartz sand as well. All these times could be lessened by using a tubular
drill of copper, horn, bone, elder, etc. J have not myself tried any of these
experiments, but it seems that the hole in the implement here illustrated
could have been bored in something like 14 hours, a very much shorter
time than one would have expected. R. S. NEWALL.
Perforated Pebble Hammerstone. A fine oval perfor-
ated pebble hammerstone found near Marlborough was purchased by the
British Museum in 1896. ‘This is, I think, the one mentioned in W.A.JZ.,
XXXVill, p. 285, and Arch. Journ., xxv., p 250. It measures 4$in. in length,
| and has a countersunk perforation in the centre. There is a photograph of
_itin the Society’s library. R. 8S. NEWALL.
Recent Additions to Museum,
CINERARY URN oF UNUSUAL TYPE found during the making of a gun
emplacement, inverted over burnt human bones as a secondary interment
on the north side of the Barrow No. 19 Figheldean. Presented by Lt.-Col.
R. L. Waller, C.M.G., C.R.E, Bulford Camp, 1925.
DANS.
350 Notes.
PoINTED BONE IMPLEMENT and fragments of “beaker” pottery found
near the bottom of a pit on Bulford Down, 1917. Presented by Mr. Percy
Farrer.
Bone CoMB (IMPERFECT) found near the head of a skeleton (apparently
that of a woman) on land occupied by the Ministry of Agriculture, near
New Plantation, Amesbury, 1920. The comb has a double row of teeth
of unequal size like a modern small tooth comb ; between the teeth, on
both sides, narrow strips of bone have been attached by means of iron
rivets ; these strips are ornamented with three rows of dot and circle
pattern. For similar combs see ELacavations III., p. 182, and one from
Easton Hill, Devizes Museum Cat., Pt. II., p.116S2a. Presented by Mr.
Percy Farrer.
TEETH AND ANTLER of very large red deer from gravel at Alton Magna.
HuMAN SKULL and other bones found near the top of a large barrow east
of Bulford Camp.
HUMAN SKULL and jaw with impacted wisdom tooth from a pit near
New Buildings, Figheldean.
Human SKULL, etc., from a pit at Alton Magna. Presented by Mr.
Percy Farrer.
Bronze Age Bronze Implements not previously
noticed.
BRONZE PALSTAVE FROM ASHTON Keynes. Mr. A. D. Passmore writes:
In 19138 a man working in a field in the above parish at a spot called
‘‘ Spratt’s Gate” found a bronze axe 6tin. long and 3in. across the widest
part of the blade and weighing 1640z. It is of the ordinary palstave
type with a prominent stop ridge, below which is a V-shaped depression
from which leads a midrib which extends half way down the blade; there
is no loop and it somewhat resembles that figured by Evans Fig. 58. It
has a widely expanded cutting edge. The blade has been finely hammered
to an edge and the whole implement displays the highest workmanship and |
finish while it is covered by a wonderful olive green patina. It now belongs |
to Mr. J. Plumbe who kindly allows me to record it here.
Bronze LoopeD PALSTAVE FROM Broap Biunspon. Mr. A. D. Passmore
has added to his collection a bronze Palstave measuring 53in. in length and
23in. across the cutting edge of the blade. It is somewhat of the type of
Evans (1881) Fig. 77, with loop, deep slot and widely expanded cutting
edge. Both the blade and the butt end are broken and the whole surface
is corroded.
A SMALL Bronze AWL is illustrated in the present number of the |
Magazine, (See page 322), found by Dr. Clay with a cinerary urn in the |
Woodminton group of barrows and presented to the Devizes Museum. |
Bronze IMPLEMENTS FOUND IN BAaRrRows AT AMESBURY, 1771. Mr.
Gerald C. Dunning writing Nov. 6th, 1925, from University College, London,
says: ‘In a small] folio of tracings (in the Library of the Society of
Antiquaries) I found drawings of the two bronze daggers and pin noticed
by Mr. O. G. S. Crawford in W.A.M. xxxviii., 115. A short description is
given of the implements, and underneath is written ‘ Minutes Soc. Ant.,
Notes. 351
Jan. 1771.” On looking up the above reference, I found the following
(Minutes Soc. Ant., Lond., Jan. 10th, 1771, xii., 67) “Governor Pownall
presented the annexed drawings traced by him from the originals and
of the exact size and shape thereof, in possession of His Grace the
Duke of Queensbury. They were found in the two barrows, in that part
of Amesbury called Vespasian’s Camp. In the larger of the two, the large
spear-head and pin were found, intermixt with ashes ; and in the smaller
_ barrow, the lesser spearhead was found.” Underneath the larger dagger
is written, “The rivet but half an inch.” The pin is called “ Brass Pin.’
The drawings are exactly the same size as those found by Mr. Crawford in
Bodleian. ‘The pin clearly terminates in a ring-head, broken, I estimate
its original length to have been 5#in., and the diameter of the ring 3in.
The above notes rather overlap those given by Mr. Crawford, but the
_ reference that the implements were in the Duke of Queensbury’s possession
may be of use in trying to find the present whereabouts of the bronzes.”
_ The following bronze implements were mentioned in Vol xlii. of the
| Magazine :—
_ A “Spear Head of Brass” found in Bloodfield, Chute. Stukeley’s /tin.,
VI, 182; W.A.d,, xlii., 262.
| Small Bronze Awl, length 2in, found at Roundway ; of doubtful age.
In Devizes Museum. W.A.d, xlii., 599, 600, figd.
| Bronze Socketed Spearhead with two loops and prominent midrib, 43in.
| long. From Hemp Knoll, Bishops Cannings. In Devizes Museum,
| Described and figured, W.A.J/., xlii., 600, figd.
| Two fragments of a Sword, a large Dagger, flanged Celt, and two Pal-
staves, all in the Blackmore Museum. Described and figured, W.A.J/,,
| —_xiii., 601—603.
_ Bronze Ferrule, like door handle, for the butt end of spear, resembling
| Jig. 426 in Evan’s Bronze, was found by Col. Hawley many years ago
in excavating village sites on Rushall Down, and is now in the British
Museum. W.A.M., xlii., 228.
In Mrs. Cunnington’s “ The Karly Iron Age Inhabited Site at All
Cannings Cross Farm,” 1923, the following bronze implements are noted :
A Fragment of a blade of (apparently) a Socketed Celt. Plate X VIII.,
jig. 3.
_ Two Bronze Awls. Plate XIX., Figs. 3 and 4.
_ Bronze Razor, tanged, round blade with notch. Plate XIX., fig.2. Similar
| to one found by Hoare in a barrow on Salisbury Plain, now in Devizes
| Museum. These razors appear to have been retained in use down to
Halstatt times in the Early Iron Age.
_ THe sMALL Knire Daaaer found by Mr. Nan Kivell, on Cold Kitchen
Hill, Brixton Deverell, described and figured above (W.A.d., xliii., 328,
Plate 1V. A.), seems to be a form of which no other exactly similar
jexample is known. Mr. Reginald Smith, to whom the drawing of this
‘specimen was sent, replied: “I enclose ania of our (in the British
|Museum) nearest, all I should say of the very latest Bronze Age or even
|
|
ial
\
}
\
O52 Notes.
Halstatt, as two are from the Dowris hoard. The small ones have the
edges of the tang beaten up, but the Sussex one (from Lewes) is regularly
flanged.” The Cold Kitchen example is 3#in. in length, by gin. wide. It
has a narrow spear-shaped blade which looks as if it might have originally
been wider, but has been ground narrower by use and sharpening. It has
a slight mid-rib and two rivet notches at the end of the tang, which is broad
and has its edges beaten up into regular flanges. Of the examples men-
tioned by Mr. Reginald Smith, it most resembles one of the two from
Dowris, King’s Co., Ireland, but its flanges are much more distinct. Its
assignment to the very latest stage of the Bronze Age or even later, is
borne out by its occurrence at Cold Kitchen Hill, where the objects found
are not of the Bronze Age, but of the La Tene I., or perhaps Halstatt Age
and thence down to the end of the Roman occupation.
Previous lists of Bronze Implements found in Wiltshire are given in
Wilts Arch. Mag., xxxvii., 92—158, 455, 613; xxxviii , 686 ; xxxix., 477—
484 ; xl., 359, 360. Ep. H. GoppArRD.
Late Celtic Bronze Enamelled Cheek-piece of Bit.
This interesting example of Late Celtic enamelled bronze, of which Somerset
has produced a good deal and Wiltshire hardly anything, was found on
Middle Chase Farm, in Bowerchalke parish, just inside the Wiltshire
boundary by Shepherd Wright, and is now in the possession of the Rev. A.
T. Bruce, of Sixpenny Handley, near Salisbury. It was reported by Dr. R.
OC. C. Clay in 1925, and Mr. C. W. Pugh’s drawing of it is here reproduced.
It measures 34in. in length. It is plain on the inner, and enamelled on the
outer face. Of this enamel enough remains to showits colours. Of the
seven sinkings to hold the enamel the outermost cicular one at each end
was blue, the next circular one red, the two outer square sinkings blue,
and the central square one red. Tho British Museum has five very similar
cheek-pieces from Polden Hill, Somerset, slightly larger than this example,
and there are also two from the Stanwick hoard, North Riding of
Yorkshire, of a somewhat earlier type.
Late Celtic Bronze Enamelled Cheek-piece of Bit from Middle Chase
Farm, Bowerchalke. :
Wilts Obituary. 308
The Custody of Wiltshire Manorial Documents.
Public Record Office,
Chancery Lane, W.C. 2.
25th March, 1926.
DEAR Mr. GopparRp,
‘The Master of the Rolls has been considering the custody of
Wiltshire manorial documents, and has had difficulty in coming to a decision.
The Wiltshire Archzological and Natural History Society have a good
claim to be recognised as suitable recipients, but the strong room accom-
modation available at Devizes is so small that it might soon be filled.
I believe you know that there is a similar difficulty in Somersetshire.
The Vice-Chancellor of Bristol University has now made a spontaneous
offer to the Master of the Rolls to receive such documents for these two
counties in the University Library, which contains two fire-proof strong
rooms and has ample and suitable accommodation. At the University the
records would not only be well cared for, but would provide much needed
material for historical research. Moreover, Bristol is easily accessible from
most parts of the counties.
The Master of the Rolls has therefore decided to approve of the Bristol
University Library as a suitable place of deposit for manorial documents
belonging to these two counties.
Yours very truly,
R. C. Fow er.
The committee of the Society at its last meeting agreed that in view of
the absence of the fire-proof accommodatlon required by the Master of the
Rolls, anywhere in Wiltshire, the above arrangement seemed the best that
could be come to.
WILTS OBITUARY.
Canon George Hugh Bourne, died Dec. 2nd, aged 85.
Buried in Salisbury Cathedral cloisters. Born at St. Paul’s Cray, Kent,
educated at Eton and Corpus Christi Coll., Oxford, B.A. 1863 ; B.C. L. 1866;
and D.C.L. 1871 ; Deacon 1863, Priest 1864 (Oxford), Curate of Sandford-
on Thames, 1863—65; Master of St. Andrew’s College, Chardstock, 1866—
74; which he transferred to St. Edmund’s College, Salisbury, founded
by him in that year; Warden of St. Edmund’s College, 1874—1885, when
he retired from scholastic work ; Subdean of Salisbury Cathedral, 1887—
1901 ; Treasurer of the Cathedral, 1901 until his death. Well known and
esteemed in Salisbury. A short notice in the Guardian, Dec. 11th, 1925,
speaks of him as “a well-known hymn writer, not that he wrote many, but
chiefly because two of his hymns stand outas full of devotion and teaching,
“Lord enthroned in heavenly splendour,” and “O Christ our God, who
304 , Wilts Obituary.
with Thine own hast been.” He left the property called St. Edmund’s
College to be used for some Church purpose for the diocese.
Obit. notice Salisbury Diocesan Gazette, Jan. 1926.
He was the author of :—
The King taking account of his servants. A sermon preached
in Salisbury Cathedral on the 22nd Sunday after Trinity,
Nov. 9th, 1884, being the Sunday following the death of the
Right Hon. Henry Fawcett, Postmaster General. Salisbury
Brown & Co. Pamphlet 8vo., pp. 8.
Thereza Mary Story Maskelyne, dicd, Feb. 21st, 1926,
aged 91. Buried at Purton. Born 1834 at Penllergaer, Glam, d. of John
Dillwyn Llewellyn, F.R.S. and Emma Talbot. Married 1858, Mervin
Herbert Nevil Story Maskelyne, F.R.S., of Bassett Down House, who died
in 1911. From 1879 when Mr, Story Maskelyne inherited the Bassett.
Down property to 1885 when the largely re-built house at Bassett Down
was ready, they lived at Salthrop House close by, removing to Bassett Down
in the latter year. heir three daughters survive them, Margaret, un-
married, now living at Purton; Mary the widow of the Rt. Hon. Hugh
Oakeley Arnold Forster, Secretary of State for War 1903—5, whom she
married in 1885; and Thereza, the widow of Sir Arthur William Riicker,
F.R.S., at one time Secretary of the Royal Society and President of the
British Association. On the death of Mr. Story Maskelyne in 1911 the
Bassett Down property passed to Mrs. Arnold Forster. Coming of a
scientific family herself Mrs. Story Maskelyne shared to a considerable
extent her husband’s scientific interests, but at Bassett Down Botany and
Gardening took the first place in her affections perhaps, and the study of
local topographical history came next. Both to Wilts Notes and Queries
and the Waltshire Archeological Magazine, she was a fairly constant con-
tributor for many years. Indeed her last contribution to this Magazine
was in Dec., 1924. In the garden she worked herself long before gardening
became the fashion, as it is now, and Bassett Down garden repaid the
knowledge and the loving care bestowed upon it, by always having something
unexpected and something worth seeing to show to “real gardeners.” But
apart from her many and varied “ interests” Mrs. Maskelyne will be
remembered as one whom it was good to have known, who possessed a
singular personal charm which faithfully reflected the beauty of her
character, who never said an unkind word of anybody, and whom nobody
ever spoke of except with affection and respect.
Obit notice, V. Wilts Herald, Feb. 26th, 1926.
Bibliographical list of her Writings :—
In Wilts Notesand Queries—
Quidhampton. I., 311—314.
The King’s Bridge or Kynebridge. I., 413—415.
Mungwell, Wilts, Wroughton. II., 391—394.
Crundel and Tan Hill. II., 585—537 ; III., 188—189.
Ellandune. ITI., 328—333 ; 454—457.
Alfred in the Chronicles, by Ed. Conybeare, 1900. III, 430—432,
Wilts Obituary. 359
Elyndon—Wroughton. IV., 37—A4l.
Gule of August. V., 476—478.
Old Wiltshire Customs. VI., 36—38.
An Ancient Wiltshire Custom (the Word Ale at Midgehall). VI.,
331— 336,
In Wilts Arch. Mag.—
Certificate of the Town Gild of Malmesbury (Public Record
Office Certificates, &c., of Guilds, Chancery No. 443. xxix,
0). :
Nevil Maskelyne, D.D., F.R.S., Astronomer Royal (with list
of his works). xxix., 126—137.
Ellandune identified. xxxi, 241—243.
Tan Hill Fair. xxxiv., 426—4832.
Notes on the History of Wroughton. xxxvii, 400—416.
Perambulation of Purton, 1733. x!l., 119—128.
(And Canon Manley) Notes on the Ecclesiastical History of
Wroughton, its Rectors and Vicars. xli., 451—478.
The Village Feast or Revel. xlii., 588—591.
Privately printed—Notes on the Maskelyne Family and their home.
Devizes, 1916. Pamphlet 8vo., pp. 36. Noticed W.A.M/., xxxix., 419.
Col. David Blake Maurice, D.S.O. Died Dec., 1925. Eldest
son of Oliver Calley Maurice, of Manton Grange. Educated at Uppingham,
joined Royal Berks Regt., 1888, and served in Malta, Bermuda, Halifax,
and the West Indies between 1889 and 1898. Served on the staff of the
Mounted Infantry in the 8. African War, 1900—1902, and was in many
actions and gained the D.S.O. In August, 1914, he was with the Ist Batt,
of the Royal Berkshire Regt. in the retreat from Mons. He afterwards
acted as Brigade-Major on the staff of the 77th Infantry Brigade. He
became Lt.-Col. and C.B.E. He was hon. sec. of the S. Berks Hunt Point-
to-Point meetings for many years.
Obit. notice, Wiltshire Gazette, Dec. 10th, 1925.
William Henry Godding. Died Feb. 21st, 1926. aged 64.
Buried at Cadley. Heand his brother Arthur farmed Brimslade, Kingston
and Park Farms on the Savernake Hstate. He had lived at Brimslade all
his life. Well known as a judge of shire horses at shows. He was chair-
man of the Marlborough Board of Guardians snd Rural District Council,
and as such acted as J.P. A sincere Churchman, he acted as’churchwarden
at Cadley for 35 years. Greatly respected.
Long obit notice, Wiltshire Gazette, Feb. 25th, 1926; Salisbury Diocesan
Gazette, March, 1926.
James Horton. Died Feb. 26th, 1926. Aged 84. Buried at
Winterbourne Bassett. Son of John Horton, born at Inglesham. For 40
years he farmed at Rabson, in Winterbourne Bassett, purchasing the whole
parish of Winterbourne in 1906. He had lived at Marlborough since his
retirement in 1911. He wasa J.P. for Wilts, and was much esteemed in
356 Wilts Obituary.
the Marlborough neighbourhood. His two sons, John and Garnet, succeed
him at Winterbourne.
Obit. notice, V. Wilts Herald, March Sth, 1926.
Eliza Frances, Lady Caillard, of Wingfield House, died March
15th, 1926. Buried at Wingfield. Married, 1881, Sir Vincent Caillard.
Always interested in hospital work, Lady Caillard became especially
prominent during the war. Wingfield House was turned into a Red Cross
Hospital with Lady Caillard as Commandant, and continued so until the
end of the war. Few hospitals were run moreefticiently. The Commandant
_ worked night and day, and in recognition of her services was awarded the
O.B.E. She was also appointed a Lady of Grace of the Order of St. John
of Jerusalem. Of her parish it has been said that “ Wingfield has lost the
greatest friend it ever had.” She was widely known and esteemed in the
Trowbridge neighbourhood.
Obit. notice, Wiltshire Gazette, March 18th, 1926. Funeral sermon by
Rev. W. H. M. Clarke, Waltshire Times, March 27th, 1926.
John Massie, D.D., died Nov. 11th, 1925, aged 82. Liberal M.P.
for the Cricklade division, 1906 to 1910, when he retired. Tutor at Spring-
hill Theological College, and afterwards shared with Dr. Fairbairn the work
of founding Mansfield College, Oxford. A distinguished Nonconformist
theologian he received the honorary degree of D.D. from Yale University
in recognition of his work. Astrong Liberationist of the old school. In
his later years he devoted himself to public and political work.
Long obituary notice, 72mes, Nov. 12th, 1925.
Edward Llewellyn Gwillim, died Dec. 18th, 1925, aged 72.
Buried in Marlborough Cemetery. Son of James Sheward Gwillim, three
times Mayor of Marlborough. Educated at Marlborough Grammar School.
Followed his father as solicitor in the firm of Merrimans & Gwillim, at
Marlborough. He was admitted solicitor 1876, and in due time became
the head of the firm. Heheld the Town Clerkship for 38 years, and was also
Clerk to the District Council, and Borough Justices, Registrar of Marl-
borough County Court, Steward to the Somerset Hospital at Froxfield, and
Superintendent Registrar of Births, &c. All these public offices he resigned
in June, 1925, on account of failing health. He was for many years church-
warden of Preshute, and afterwards at St. Peter’s, Marlborough. Hecom-
manded L Company of the 2nd V. B. Wilts Regt.
Obit. notices, V. Wilts Herald and Wiltshire Gazette, Dec. 24th, 1925.
He was the author of :—
Notes from the Register Books of the Parish of Preshute during
the 17th Century. Wilts Arch. Mag., xxx., 100—116.
John Ashfordby Trenchard, died Feb. 4th, 1926, aged 82.
Buried at Stanton Fitzwarren. Born at Stanton Fitzwarren March 28th
1843. Son of Rev. J. IT. C. Ashfordby-Trenchard, and grandson of Dr. J.
J. Ashfordby-Trenchard, D.C.L., both of whom were Rectors as well as
Wilts Obituary. 307
owners of Stanton Fitzwarren. He succeeded his father 1851, but he lived
very little on his Stanton property. He married Augusta, d. of the Rev.
Henry Robert Fowler, of Filton, Glos., by whom he had four sons, two of
whom survive him, the eldest, John Henry Mohun Ashfordby-Trenchard,
succeeding to the property.
Obit. notice, V. Wlts Herald, Feb. 12th, 1926.
Henry Reeves, died Feb. 22nd, 1926, aged 76. Buried at Bratton
Baptist burial ground. Managing director of Messrs. R. & J. Reeves & Son,
agricultural implement makers, of Bratton. He had been connected with
the Baptist Church at Bratton for over 50 years, a deacon for 39 years,
and a past president of the Wilts and E. Somerset Baptist Association.
Obit. notice and portrait, Wilts Times, Feb. 27th, 1926.
Elizabeth Arundel, “The Corsham Centenarian,” died Feb.
19th, 1926, aged 103. Born 1822, she lived under five sovereigns. She was
the widow of David Arundel, coachman to the late Sir Gabriel Goldney.
Obit. notice and portrait, Waltshire 7imes, Feb. 27th, 1926.
Eglantine Lady Stephenson, of Bodenham House, died Nov.
13th, 1925. Buried at Nunton. Born at Coleshill House, Berks, Jan. 3rd,
1845, 2nd d. of the Rt. Hon. Edward Pleydell Bouverie and Elizabeth Anne,
youngest d. of Gen. Balfour of Balbirnie, co. Fife. She passed much of
herearly life at Coleshill. Married Dec. 1864, Augustus Keppel Stephenson,
eldest s. of Henry Frederick Stephenson, M.P. for Westbury 1827—28, and
Lady Mary Stephenson, d. of the 4th Earl of Albemarle. He was after-
wards K.C. and K.C.B., Solicitor to the Treasury, and Director of Public
Prosecutions. They settled at Bodenham House about 1900, and since her
husband’s death, Sept. 26th, 1904, Lady Stephenson had lived there, much
beloved and respected. Her eldest son, Sir Guy Stephenson, C.B., is
Assistant Director of Public Prosecutions. Her only surviving daughter,
Katharine Janie Stephenson, J.P., and member of the Wilts County Council,
is well-known for admirable work in many branches of public service in
the county.
William Henry Anstie, died Dec. 25th, 1925, at St. Jean de
Iz. Son of W. H. Anstie, partner in the tobacco firm of Devizes.
Educated at Dulwich and Wadham Coll., Oxon, of which he was a scholar.
He became Senior Master at the Royal Naval College, Dartmouth.
Obit. notice, Wiltshire Gazette, Dec. 31st, 1925.
W.H. Jackson of the firm of Hodding & Jackson, Solicitors,
Salisbury, died Jan. 1926. Born at Whitehaven, he came to Salisbury
about 40 years ago. He was an officer of the 1st Wilts Volunteers and
afterwards of the 4th Territorial Battalion, retiring with the rank of Hon.
Major after 23 years service in 1911. During the war he served as Com-
mander of the Salisbury Company of the Volunteer Batt. of the Wilts
Regt. He was clerk to the Rural District Council and superintendent
registrar. He married, first, Mary Emma, d. of Dr. Hornby, of York, and
358 Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles.
secondly, Marion Gladys Gilbert, who with four sons and two daughters
survives him.
Obit. notice, Wilts Gazette, Jan. 14th, 1926.
Rev. Walter Haigh Branfoot, died Feb. 9th, 1926, aged 72.
Buried at Canford Cemetery, Westbury-on-Trym. Lincoln College, Oxon.
B.A. 1876, M.A. 1879, Deacon 1881, Priest 1882 (London). Curate St. John
Evan., Holborn, 1881—83 ; St. Michael, Cornhill, 1883—88; St. Clement's,
Kastcheap, 1888—1902 ; Assistant Master Christ’s Hospital], 1879 ; Vicar of
Leebotwood with Longnor 1908—10 ; Vicar of Enford 1910—1925, when he
retired to live at Clifton. He was Rural Dean of Enford 1915—1925. He
was highly regarded at Enford and in the neighbourhood.
Obit. notice, Wiltshire Gazette, Feb. 18th, 1926.
George Alfred Huelin White, died Nov. 5th, 1925, aged 60.
Buried at Fairford. Born,at Fairford 1865, s. of George Symmons White,
articled to Messrs. Mullins & Elliott, solicitors, of Cirencester. Admitted
solicitor 1888, joined firm of H. Bevir & Son, Wootton Bassett. Managing
clerk to Messrs. Keary & Stokes, solicitors, Chippenham, 1890, becoming
later on a partner. Clerk to the Magistrates 1900, clerk to Tax Com-
missioners 1900. He sat for three years, 1900—1903, on the Town Council
of Chippenham. He took great interest in the affairs of the town, presented
a Drinking Fountain to the John Coles Park, and was a prominent
supporter of the Chippenham Flower Show. Himself an ardent gardener,
his garden was well-known as as one of the things most worth seeing in
Chippenham. He was a prominent Freemason, a Churchman, and Con-
servative. He practically founded the Golf Club, of which he was President.
He was greatly interested in antiquarian matters, especially in connection
with the history of Chippenham and the neighbourhood. He married
Ellen, d. of Henry Weston, of Wootton Bassett, who survives him. His
son, G. S. White, succeeds him in the business.
Long obit. notice, Wiltshire Gazette, Nov. 12th, 1925.
WILTSHIRE BOOKS, PAMPHLETS, AND ARTICLES.
[N.B.—This list does not claim to be inany way exhaustive. The Editor
appeals to all authors and publishers of pamphlets, books, or views, in any
way connected with the county, to send him copies of their works, and to
editors of papers, and members of the Society generally, to send him copies:
of articles, views, or portraits appearing in the newspapers. ]
Report on the Excavations at Stonehenge during
the season of 1924. By Lt.-Col. W. Hawley, F.S.A.
Antiquaries Journal, Jan., 1926, vol. vi., 1—25.
Ory
7h
(4 EKG) 160 E* a
7S) i, 2D ov Wis 8 @z OY
re @Qisoe te —— TAKS
(oy
?
ot
‘
4 on
°,
Os
a
uy y
Z STATION STATION ©
Ne9?
No St
Scale - 50 feet to linch
So
ao
Ra es
3 ud
Beta
foro 2 > D
. <
cS
“4
ch
STONEHENCE MK
Plan shewing the results of excavations caryied out
by Colonel Howley, FSA. during five years —from the
autumn of 1919 to the autumn of 1924 — Also the stones
of the existing structure now visible above ground
Stonehenge Stones wow visible :—
Fallen
Holes discovered by excavation :—
Aubrey Hales O YexZ Holes ©
Standing ca
(tS ae ee
100 50_ 0
200 feet
[This plan by Mr. E. H. Stone, F.S.A., appeared in the Waltshire Gazette, September, 1925. ‘Nhe Society is indebted to the Editor, with the kind
consent of Mr. Stone, for the loan of the block.]
Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles. 309
Plan showing excavations down to the end of 1924; plan and sections of
excavations in the ditch, 1924. Photos of ditch, section on E. side of New
Causeway, and western excavations of ditch showing side of Causeway ;
Condition of ground around crater of No. 8 stone; Plan of excavations in
stone hole No. 8; Sections of diggings ; 17 flgures of flint implements found
on floor of ditch.
During 1924 the excavations of the previous year were continued from
the neighbourhood of Y 10 hole towards the outer ditch. A curious “ place”
or ‘‘ passage way’ was found about 12ft. wide between two parallel furrows
20in. deep in the solid chalk lined by rows of post holes varying from a few
inches to 28 inches in depth and from 15 to 23 inches in diameter. At the
northern end of this “‘ passage way” the west furrow passed through the
side of Y 10 hole, of the Stonehenge period, and it could be easily seen that
the hole was the later. The southern end stopped 45ft. inside the outer
ditch, but its existence suggested the possibility of a causeway across the
ditch at this point, and the excavation of the ditch was continued from the
point to which it was carried in 1921, with the result that a causeway of
solid chalk 10ft. wide forming an entrance across the ditch flanked on each
side by craters with level floors was found. There were no signs of post holes
across the entrance, as there had been at the main entrance on the N.E., nor
was there any indication of a road continued outside the rampart. Of the
“ Passage” itself Col. Hawley says ‘‘ What the purpose of the place could have
been I cannot say. It might have been a stockaded passage, or it might have
been along wooden building, but in either case 1 am inclined to think it
was roofed and that the posts depended upon a superstructure to keep
them steady in the holes, many of which were shallow.” He regards this
place as contemporary with the causeway of the main (N.E.) entrance
where similar post holes were found, and therefore earlier than the ‘“‘ Stone-
henge period.”
On the eastern side of the southern entrance the ditch ended in two en-
largements or “ craters” divided from each other “‘by a barrier of solid
chalk about 3ft. high extending across the ditch from both sides. There
was a gap in the top of the barrier a short distance from the rampart side,
the sill of it being 24ft. from the ditch floor, and there was a foothold in the
solid chalk between the sill and the floor to enable anyone to mount and
pass through the gap, which showed signs of considerable use.”
T’wo cremated burials were found at the side of the rampart bank close
together. ‘The bowl-shaped holes had been made after the silting in of the
ditch had taken place, the upper part of the holes being in the silt and the
lower in solid chalk. A long bone pin was found,with one of them. The
cremations were in all probability of the Bronze Age, and the ditch was
silted up before that. The next point excavated was the area of the hole
of the fallen stone 8 of the outer circle, and the space between that and
the outer blue stone circle. Here ‘an extraordinary state of things
was revealed. ‘The ground was honeycombed with post holes and
craters of all sorts, sizes, and depths, many of them having been cut one
into another apparently in successive periods of digging, and suggesting a
series of changes. . . . I frankly confess that I have no explanation to
360 Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles,
offer in elucidation of this tangle, and I doubt if anybody will ever be able
to explain it satisfactorily.” ‘ The whole ofthis disturbed area coincided
exactly with the direction taken by the post holes on the outside of the
circle, and for this reason I think it must have borne some relation to them,
especially as they were continued into it.”
The Bluestone Circle was next investigated. Only 18in. from No. 34 of
that circle the stump of a missing stone of shale or volcanic ash was found,
the hole in which it stood cutting across an earlier post hole. Close to this
was another stump of a stone of volcanic ash, slab-shaped 8in. thick and 3ft.
wide, set with its edges at right angles to the circle. From this point the
holes for the blue stones came at intervals of 18in. only. They rested in
what was “ practically a continuous trench with very short holes in the
chalk rock, and the trench had been filled with rammed chalk rubble packed
round the stones.” The holes in which stones 12 and 18 of the Sarsen circle
stood were examined, and then the line of the blue stone circle was followed
behind the sites of the holes of Nos. 15 and 16 of the Sarsen circle. Here
a large excavation was found from which four of the blue stones had been
removed, the stump of one stillremaining. On the bottom of this excavation
the neck of a 17th Century glass bottle probably gave the date of their
destruction. Over this excavation lay the Sarsen fragment of No. 15,
which would therefore seem to have fallen after the robbery of the blue
stones. The bottom of the holes which had held the blue stones were
followed for some distance; the intervals between them were found to be
18in. as before. This doubtless was the case throughout the circle with the
exception of the space at the entrance. Their number must therefore have
been much greater than has hitherto been supposed. ‘“ When all were
standing they must have had the appearance of a low wall.” They seem
to have been set up in a continuous deep bed of hard rammed chalk, and
to have been dislodged or removed by being battered to pieces, as the
shattered stumps of volcanic ash show. ‘The fallen blue stone 32 and the
diabase “ Lintel” on which it lies were examined and the latter was uncovered
and “showed signs of careful working. On the outer surface especially
it was decidedly curved. ... It has distinctly the appearance of a lintel
and the dowel holes complete the impression that it was intended for one.”
It measured 7#{t. in length, 2ft. 9in. in width, and lft. 74in. in thickness.
Col. Hawley suggests as “a pure theory ” only, that it may possibly have
linked up the last stone of the horseshoe with one of the stones of the circle.
Kight new Y and Z holes were opened, one of them having an earlier post
hole in the bottom of it. Mention is made of four axes of blue stone frag-
ments, three of rhyolite and one of diabase. One of the rhyolite specimens
had been chipped and partially ground, the others were only chipped.
Col. Hawley states that years ago he found a piece of a ground celt at
Stockton British Village, which he gave to Salisbury Museum. This |
specimen has lately been submitted to Dr. Thomas, who pronounces it to |
be of Stonehenge diabase. Col. Hawley ends his report with these very
wise words : “ The more one digs the more the mystery appears to deepen.
. . « It is useless to formulate theories when there is little to support them,
perhaps even worse, because doing so might create a wrong impression and
lead astray.”
Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles, 361
There is a valuable appendix by Mr. Reginald A. Smith on “ The earlier
series of Worked Flints,” in which he describes the flints found actually on
the bottom of the ditch and therefore dating from the time of its first
making. No trace of polishing has been found on these flints, examples of
which are illustrated and described. Some are compared with late Palzo-
lithic forms, and one Celt-like implement is of the Cissbury type. Indeed,
these flints appear to be as puzzling as everything else connected with the
place. Mr. Smith says: “ This series of flints contains nothing suggestive
of a Megalithic (late Neolithic date)—a result that might be regarded as
accidental if more than one among the small number recovered did not
recall late Paleeolithic types. . . . These types are unexpected in themselves,
and surprising in association ; and if the series isto be taken as represen-
tative of flint work in this country some time before the erection of the
trilithons but still within the Megalithic period, it will still be difficult to
explain the type on text book lines.” He hopes for more enlightenment
when the ditch is completely cleared.
The Story of Stonehenge. Based mostly on the
results obtained by Colonel Hawley, F.S.A., as pub-
lished in the Antiquaries Journal, 1921—1925.
By E.H. Stone, F S.A. Articles in Wiltshire Gazette, Sept. 17th,
24th, Oct. Ist, 8th, 15th, 1925, with the general plan, a plan of the “ Four
Stations,” and a view of Stonehenge restored. Mr. Stone assumes that the
evolution of Stonehenge began with a “ defensive position surrounded by
a ditch and rampart constructed in early Neolithic times.” ‘Then “after an
interval of some thousands of years,” was built ‘a temple in which the circle
of blue stones from Wales was an important feature.” And thirdly (after
the lapse of a few centuries), “a great hall or meeting place for the chiefs
of the allied tribes, or other public purpose. The central structure, the
four stations, and the avenue appear all to belong to one period in the third
stage, as they are all symmetrical with one another and set out in reference
to the same centre lines.”
He supposes that the “ Early Neolithic Settlement” was defended by
the ditch and by a stockade along the vallum, that the entrance 38ft.
wide on the N.E. side, “ was obstructed by a number of posts and by large
Sarsen boulders set up on end. In addition to these defences at the cause-
way there were also posts and stones near the Heel Stone, intended pre-
sumably for an outer system of defence.” Each of these sets consisted of
four stones to which the Slaughter Stone and Heel Stone respectively
belonged. As no pits have been found within the rampart we may conclude
that it was merely “a fort or place of refuge in case of sudden attack.”
Following Col. Hawley, Mr. Stone believes from the evidence of the
great amount of silt on the bottom of the ditch that the site was abandoned
for “some thousands of years” until there was a considerable Neolithic
population on the plain. Then he suggests that a war broke out between them
and the inhabitants of S. Wales ; the Salisbury Plain people were victorious
and carried off the sacred circle of the vanquished, dug the Aubrey holes
and placed in them the stones brought from Wales. Thus was formed the
362 Wiltshire books, Pamphlets, and. Artacles,
earliest “temple.” The population continued, Mr. Stone supposes, to in-
crease until the site became the metropolisiof the Neolithic people. ‘hen
there came on the scene a stranger from a distant land, who noticing large
tabular masses of Sarsen “lying on the plain in the neighbourhood of the
temple’ (the whole of the available evidence by the way is against the
presence of large Sarsens on the plain at any time) was seized with the idea
of using them in erecting a splendid structure, which he proceeded to carry
into effect, and so arose the existing Stonehenge.
Mr. Stone suggests that the Y and Z circles of holes, outside of, and more
or less concentric with, the outer Sarsen circle of Stonehenge were dug to
contain the blue stones hitherto standing in the Aubrey holes. ‘The archi-
tect we must suppose had completed the work of erecting the Sarsen circle —
and trilithons but was called away before dealing with the blue stones.
In consequence the Y and Z circles of holes were dug very carelessly, and
the master had to be re-called. He ordered the abandonment of the Y and
Z circles of holes, and arranged the blue stones instead in the existing blue
stone circle and horseshoe. ‘The “ Four Stations,” Mr. Stone concludes,
are of the date of the main structure and had no connection with the
earlier Aubrey holes. The Avenue too was of this date and was nearly
twice the width of the original causeway through the ditch. The Slaughter
Stone was in the way and was accordingly buried, and the intention
probably was to deal with the Heel Stone in like manner, but this was
never done. In fact, Mr. Stone regards the present existence of the Heel
Stone, and the fact that the Avenue lines stop short of the ditch, etc., as
evidence that the completion of Stonehenge was interfered with by some
sudden disaster “ possibly the arrival of the round barrow foreigners,” who
he thinks made no effort to complete the structure, and even removed some
of the stones, such as two of those originally at the “ Four Stations,” Of
course, the whole thread of this * story ” is purely imaginative throughout ;
it may approximate to the real facts or it may not, that is all that can be
said for it. Mr. Stone does not mention the entrance on the south side
which seems to have been originally as important as that on the north-east.
The plan showing the results of the excavations up to the autumn of 1924
is a very good and useful one.
The Story of Stonehenge: Fact and Fiction. By
the Rev. G. H. Engleheart, F.S.A. Articles in Wiltshire
Gazette, Nov. 5th, 12th, 19th, 26th ; Dec. 38rd and 10th, 1925.
Mr. Engleheart in these articles sets out to examine critically the ‘“‘ Story
of Stonehenge” as set forth by Mr. Stone. He begins by urging that
Stonehenge is not to be regarded as a unique structure standing alone, as
Mr. Stone contends, but as the ultimate stage in the evolution of the Stone
Circle, and that it can only be explained by comparison with, and on the
analogy of other stone circles in Britain and elsewhere, and by the light
thrown on it, by the study of the beliefs and customs of existing primitive
races. He begins by a vigorous assault on the theory favoured by Mr.
Stone, and also to some extent by Col. Hawley, that the site was originally
a “fortified settlement.” He points out the small size of the enclosure,
Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles. 363
about 12 acres only, and the inadequacy of the ditch as a defensive featuer,
together with the great improbability of a “ fortified settlement ” having
two wide entrances (the main one being 38ft. wide) and probably three, and
with reason, ridicules the idea that huge stones like the Heel Stone and
the Slaughter Stone could have been ‘set up on end (in the entrance) to
supplement the defence.” Against this theory that the earliest circle of
Stonehenge, the ring of blue stones, presumed to have stood in the Aubrey
holes, was set up inside the ditch and rampart of an earlier and abandoned
camp, Mr. Engleheart naturally asks whether the ditches of Avebury, of
Arbor Low, of the Striple Stones, and of other known circles are all to be
regarded as the defences of Neolithic settlements, and whether all these
stone circles were set up on the sites of abandoned camps. It is, he says,
impossible to believe this. ‘“ The prevailing and probably true view is that
such ditches indicated Zabw or inviolability of a reverenced enclosure.”
As to the ditch itself being older than the circle, whether in the case of
Stonehenge or the other circles mentioned above, he refuses to believe it
for a moment, and therein he probably himself occupies a strongly ‘ de-
fensive position.” Further he says “careful examination convinced me
that there is no evidence whatever for the belief that the ends of the ditch
were enlarged to make dwelling pits and roofed in.” He says, ‘‘ this same
deepening against the causeway has been noticed at Worbarrow and else-
where.” He might have added that it wasshown conspicuously at Avebury
itself and apparently also at Windmill Hill. Mr. Engleheart goes on to
attack the Sun-T’emple theory, and asserts that there is no evidence for
Sun-worship as “a north European cult,’ but when he says “ the occurrence
of stone circles in closely disposed groups, as in the Inverness district
where there are, or were, some thirty near together, excludes the possibility
of their being temples,’ one is tempted to ask why does it? What of
the seven Churches at Glendalough, or the five in one churchyard at Bury
St. Edmunds, or the number in some of the Greek monasteries? As to the
Altar Stone Mr. Engleheart argues, against Mr. Stone’s theory, that it was
probably originally a standing stone marking a burial, or possibly, part of a
central Dolmen. He points out that no example of a prostrate stone in the
centre of a stone circle is known. Coming to the Avenue, Mr. Stone
believes that it belongs to the reconstruction period and that its use was to
define the “Axis” of the structure. Mr. Engleheart on the other hand
believes that it belongs to the earliest stone circle, and like the Kennet
Avenue at Avebury, was in all probability a ceremonial approach to the
circle. As to Sir Norman Lockyer and the axis of the structure asa means
of calculating the date of its construction, Mr. Engleheart, as was to be
expected, lets himself go with joy and revels for a whole column in refut-
ation of the theory of the axis and of all that hangs on it, making the
point already urged by Mr. Crawford that the analogy of the Avebury
Avenue is apparently against the idea of the intentional orientation of the
Avenue at Stonehenge. As to the date of the original Stonehenge, he and
Mr. Stone are so far in agreement in that both of them regard it as within
the Neolithic period. Mr. Engleheart however writes ‘ The older erection
has been certainly proved to be Neolithic by the discovery of a blue stone
VOL. XLIII,—NO. CXLIV. B 2
364 Wiltshire Books, Panvphlets, and Articles,
in an undisturbed long barrow (Bowl’s Barrow). Dr. Cyril Fox, a high
authority, in a recent letter to me, puts the Long Barrow period from 2,500
to 2,000 B.C.” Mr. Engleheart says that he himself would push the date
further back, and he goes on to say “ We may therefore at least assume
the earlier of Dr. Fox’s dates ” (2,500 B.C.) But as there is really nothing
to show that Bowl’s Barrow belonged to any particular period within the
500 years in question, it would seem that on this point Mr. Engleheart goes
somewhat further than he is justly entitled todo. With his general argu-
ment however against the astronomical method of fixing the date of Stone-
henge, and in favour of the Archeological, probably ninety out of every —
one hundred archeologists of the present day will agree. The remarkable
thing however, is, that after all, the dates arrived at by astronomer and
archeologist are only separated by some 500 years at the most.
The Story of Stonehenge. Reply by E. H. Stone,
F.S A., tothe criticisms by the Rev. G. H. Engleheart,
F.S.A. Wiltshire Gazette, Dec. 17th, 24, 31st, 1925 ; Jan. 7th, 14th, 21st,
28th, 1926.
Mr. Stone’s reply occupies considerably more space than his original
article. It seems a pity that so much space should be taken up by both
controversalists in merely personal recriminations. Mr. Stone especially
attacks the ‘ Sepulchral Purpose theory” defended by Mr. Engleheart, and
will not allow for a moment that Stonehenge has anything in common with
stone circles such as Avebury and Arbor Low. The contention that Stone-
henge is the later development of the primitive stone circle is for him
merely ‘an idle speculation.” Its evolution in Mr. Stone’s opinion is not
“traceable in England and we can only conclude that its design was
introduced from abroad.” ‘The arguments in favour of what is commonly
called ‘The astronomical theory ” are stated again at considerable length,
and authorities are quoted in support of the idea of sun worship or at least
of sun observation as one principle object of the structure. Mr. Stone
complains that his adversary will not allow this because it tends to discredit
the “ Sepulchral Theory.”
As to the Avenue, Mr. Stone argues, and reasonably, that as it leaves
Stonehenge the avenue is straight for quite a sufficient distance to mark out
the line of the “axis ”—and that the curved course of the West Amesbury
branch re-discovered by Mr. Crawford by means of air photos, does not
invalidate any argument founded on the orientation of the straight portion,
as has been claimed by both Mr. Crawford and Mr. Engleheart. As to
whether the West Amesbury branch was “ probably constructed at a later
date,” as Mr. Stone supposes, is another question. The altar stone is
another bone of contention. Mr. Engleheart contends that it stood upright
and had nothing todo withan altar, Mr. Stoneon the other hand maintains that
it lies in its original position, and that it was an integral and important
part of the whole structure. The argument that such a prostrate stone in
the centre of a stone circle is unknown, does not touch Mr. Stone, because
in his view Stonehenge is sue generzs and has no connection with other
stone circles. In conclusion Mr. Stone sums up his position thus :—‘‘ The
Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles, 2695
earlier ‘Temple’ indicated by the Aubrey holes was an ordiniry primitive
stone circle formed of the rough blue stone boulders brought from Wales.
. .. This circle was not orientated. Stonehenge is an entirely indepen-
dent architectural conception, in which there is nothing to suggest that its
design was in any way based upon that of this earlier circle, except that
they are both circular in plan, the design of the later structure has abso-
lutely nothing in common with the earlier.” In Britain Stonehenge is
unique. We have no earlier structure in the same style from which its
evolution may be traced, and the design has never been repeated.” He
suggests that its real analogues may be ‘‘ Trilithons ” mentioned by Palgrave
and other travellers in Central Arabia and Northern Africa and Buddhist
structures in India.
The Story of Stonehenge: Fact and Fiction.
Wiltshire Gazette, Feb. 11th, 18th, 25th, is a further rejoinder by the Rev.
43. H. Engleheart to Mr. Stone’s “ reply.” By this time both the contestants
seems to have become more concerned toscore off each other, than to throw
any really new light on the subject of Stonehenge, which to moderate men
who are not whole hoggers for either the temple or the sepulchral theory
seems a pity. Mr. Engleheart insists that the sepulchral theory holds the
field amongst modern archeologists. It does, no doubt, with regard to
many, if not all of the smaller Stone Circles, but it has surely never been
proved of the great circles like Avebury, Arbor Low, and Stonehenge. Mr.
Kngleheart is on firmer ground when he asserts with renewed emphasis
_ however, that Stonehenge is undoubtedly a derivative from the primitive
rude stone circle, a fact which Mr. Stone so curiously denies.
In the Gazette of Feb. 18th, Mr. Alex. Keiller enters the lists against Mr.
Stone on the specific point of the recumbent stones of the Aberdeenshire
circles. In no case, he says, is there an example of a recumbent stone
| within the circle ; they are always lying between the two highest stones of
the circle itself, and so cannot be regarded as in any way analogous with a
prostrate “altar stone” in the centre of the structure.
The whole controversy is rather happily concluded on Feb. 25th, by
“FS.” in a set of verses the last of which begins :
* Unless from venom ’tis defended,
An argument is better ended.”
The Wonder Stones of Carnac and Stonehenge.
By Frank Stevens, F.S.A., in Wonders of the Past, Vol. II., p.p.
732—744,. ‘This article, like the whole of the contents of the three volumes
of this truly remarkable publication (by the Educational Book Company,
17, New Bridge Street, E.C.) is distinguished by the excellence and pro-
_ fusion of its illustrations. Those of Stonehenge are “ Stonehenge as it
| appears to-day,” “‘ Leaning Upright of the Great Trilithon before the work
| of restoration,” “Stonehenge as it is, and a convincing reconstruction of
/its mighty monoliths” (two models), “‘Stonehenge from the Air,” ‘The
| Hele Stone,” “ Midsummer Sunrise and the forgotten rites of Stonehenge,”
“ Lifting an impost at Stonehenge,” “ Sitting where legend places the grim
2 BY 2
366 Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles.
sacrificial rites of long ago.” There are also six excellent photographs of
Carnac and the monuments in the neighbourhood. Mr. Stevens is a bold
man, he fears neither Mr. Stone nor Mr. Engleheart. He conceives the
union of a branch of the Neolithic Dolmen builders of the Mediterranean
with the Alpine race of Central Europe as “ first disseminators of aknowledge
of agriculture, and with it, as is only natural, the religion of sun worship.”
He imagines this union of the races taking place in Brittany whence
they spread to Cornwall and Devon, and finally to Wiltshire, where they
built Avebury and Stonehenge. He notes that the avenues of Carnac are
by their orientation “admirably adapted for festivals connected with solar
worship on the solstices and at the equinoxes,” ‘Stonehenge has a similar
north-easterly orientation.’ It is interesting to note that:the alignments of
Carnac terminated at one time in stone circles. Stonehenge is only the
perfected example of this form. ‘‘ Associated with these megalithic monu-
ments are the burial places, dolmens and barrows, of the vanished race of
builders, and the idea of a great temple of the sun surrounded by a necropolis
is irresistible.” Itisa good article and well up-to-date.
Stonehenge. The supposed Blue Stone Trilithon,
by E. Herbert Stone, F.8.A., Man, March, 1926, pp. 42—45,
with photo of the stone and diagrams. In this article Mr. Stone argues
against the idea that that the prostrate blue stone with two mortice or
cup-shaped holes in it, is, as has been suggested, the “lintel” of a small
blue stone trilithon. He mentions the various theories as to the position
of the supposed trilithon, and argues that the holes are too close together
for the stone to have fitted on to any two existing blue stones, and con-
cludes that the holes are the work of prehistoric squatters on the Stone-
henge site, and remarks “If this stone had been dug up in the course of ex-
cavation on the site of a prehistoric village it would doubtless have been
agreed, withont question, that the cup-shaped hollows had been formed as
mortars for grinding corn.” But as a matter of fact are such stone mortars
known in connection with any prehistoric period ? :
In Man, for May, 1926, Mrs. Cunnington writes against Mr. Stone’s
suggestion that the holes in the blue stone “lintel” were mortars
for grinding corn. “The kind of mealing stone in use in this part
of Britain, before the introduction of the rotary quern, is well known,
and this stone does not bear the remotest resemblance to it.” Mr
Engleheart also writes as to the “ lintel,” “ It is certain that this stone was
once a structural part of Stonehenge ; from its curved shape it cannot
possibly have been an upright, it must therefore have been an impost.’
Healso agrees with Mrs. Cunnington that the use of the holes as mortars.
1s impossible. To his critics Mr. Stone replies that he is not advocating
the mortar theory, but only suggesting it, and adds that for the reasons
already given in detail in his book on Stonehenge, “it appears to me
practically impossible that Blue Stone No. 150 could have been the lintel of
a Trilithon.” He also adduces the fact that pit-marked stones are well-
known in connection with prehistoric antiquities.
Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles. 367
The Geology of the Country around Marlborough.
Explanation of one-inch sheet 226, England, by
H. J. Osborne White, 1925. Royal 8vo., price 2s. 6d., pp. 3 +
112+ xi. Photo plates of the Devil’s Den; Corallian Beds at Calne and
Tockenham Wick; Sarsens on Fyfield Down ; and 11 plans, sections, &e.
This memoir covers an area of 216 square miles in N. Wilts, including
Marlborough, Calne, Chiseldon, Wroughton, lockenham, Christian Malford,
Wootton Rivers, Alton Priors, and Bishops Cannings, and includes the
Chalk, Greensand, Gault, Kimmeridge clay, Corallian, Oxford clay, and
Kellaways rock beds. ‘lhe highest point is Milk Hill, 964ft., 6ft. higher
than 'an Hill, 958ft. The nearest boring deep enough to reach the
Paleeozoic strata is at Westbury Iron Works. It traverses Corallian and
the older Jurassic formations, Rhoetic, Keuper beds of the Trias, and enters
the coal measures at a depth of 1526ft. ‘There is no evidence as to the
presence of coal. Of the Kellaways Rock a lst of 50 species of fossils
found near Kellaways is given, and of the Oxford clay it is said that during
the construction of the main G.W.R. line in 1841, “ of the many fossils then
obtained the majority were procured from pits and trenches dug on either
side of the railway between Wootton Bassett and Chippenham for the pur-
pose of obtaining material for embankments. Some of the choicest
specimens of cephalopods distributed among museums and private col-
lections up and down the country were gathered and skilfully developed by
William Buy, a carpenter and joiner of Sutton Benger, who, it is said,
would never give an exact locality for his fossils, so that many of them,
whether from the Oxford clay or corn brush, are labelled as from Chippen-
ham. It is known, however, that the principle collecting grounds were in
the neighbourhood of Christian Malford.” Twenty-six species are
enumerated as from here, including ten ammonites.
Of the Corallian beds, sections are given at Westbrook, Calne, Hilmarton,
Spirthill, Goatacre and Preston, Greens Cleeve (near Catcombe Wood), and
Tockenham Wick. It is noted that the upper Calcareous Grit is confined
to the tract of red soil about yneham and Tockenham. ‘he coral rag of
Calne and Hilmarton is fully described, and it is noted that the Rowde
| fault cuts out the Corallian beds at Rowde Wick, and brings the
| Kimmeridge and Oxford clays together between Rowde Wick and Seend.
The list of chalk fossils found in the area of this sheet is given in full,
158 species in all, including five fish, two crustaceans, 26 echinoderms, and
_ 25 sponges. Under the “ Kocene Beds” the formation of sarsens is
_ discussed, and the different types described, but no decided opinion is
| expressed as to whether their origin was marine, fluvial, or subaerial, but
the writer does not think that they were produced under desert conditions.
Their “age is unknown.” “They have been doubtfully referred to the
Reading beds and to the Bagshot sands, but the remains of those beds in
| the neighbourhood “appear incapable of producing such offspring.” Indeed
| the local sands of Bagshot age differ so markedly from the sand preserved
in the sarsens, that it is a matter for surprise that the idea of their identity
| should have been entertained.” ‘ Of the Eocene formations now existing
in the London Basin, the Barton (or Upper Bagshot) beds seem the most
368 Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles.
likely source of the Marlborough sarsens, but it is possible that the latter
are of post-EKocene age.” As to the clay with flints above the chalk no
definite date can be assigned to it. Some of it may be of Pleistocene age,
some much older. ‘On the other hand in so far as the clay with flints is.
due to the dissolution of the underlying chalk, it isin course of formation at
the present day. Slow though it be, the rate of accumulation may well
exceed that of superficial wastage by erosion under existing climatic con-
ditions.”
Incidentally it is noted that the West Kennett Long Barrow is built of
lumps of chalk rock which must have been brought from a distance,
probably from the disused excavations a quarter of a mile to the S.W. or
half-a-mile to west of the barrow.
A section on the water supply of the area, a list of the ammonites col-
lected at Kellaways, Christian Malford, and Dauntsey, and a list of the
photographs of the geological survey concerned with this area, with a good
index completes the memoir.
The Conquests of Ceawlin, the second Bretwalda.
By Major P. T. Godsal, with plans. London, John Murray, 1924,
8vo. pp. x. + 254.
This is practically the second volume of The Storming of London and the
Thames Valley Campaign, continuing the “ Military Study ” of the Anglo-
saxon Conquest, to the second stage of the Conquest of Wessex and the |
Southern Midlands. The writer looks at and explains things entirely from
a military point of view. “Strategy and Military Science” are the sole
foundation on which he builds up his argument. He does not pretend to
give weight to archeological, etymological, or ethnographical considerations.
His central idea is that the Anglo-Saxon conquest of England can only be
explained on the hypothesis that so far from its having been begun and
carried on by scattered bands of marauders acting independently, it was an
organized movement of a whole nation begun and carried out up to the end
of the conquest of Wessex, on definite principles of ‘‘ strategy ” laid down
by a man of superlative ability, Gilla the first Bretwalda, loyally adhered
to by his successors Cerdic and Cynric, and carried out to their full fruition
by the second “ Bretwalda,” Ceawlin, who is here represented as not
merely a great General in the field, but a born leader, and an organiser of
almost superhuman capacity. According to this theory the root principle
laid down by Cilla and adhered to by his successors was the idea of “ con-
quest followed by colonisation,” of definite districts, one at a time, with the
ultimate object of the total expulsion of the Britons from the whole of
Britain and the substitution of an Anglo-Saxon population brought over
from the Continent in their place. |
Every advance was to be secured and the territory permanently occupied
before a further step was taken. In the author’s view the landing of Cerdi¢
in the Solent and the occupation of the Isle of Wight, Portsmouth, and
parts of Hampshire by the Jutes are intentional stages in the evolution of
this vast plan. The Saxons, he says, were an inland people who had no
ships, the Jutes and Angles on the other hand were seafaring folk. It was
Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles, 269
necessary therefore that the latter should be established on the south coast of
Hampshire from which point the invasion of Wessex was to be begun, and
that the whole naval forces Anglian and Jutish alike should be, after the
conquest of Kent, London, and the Thames Valley, concentrated in the
Channel and used to bring over from the Continent not merely the fighting
men of the Army, but their entire families, indeed the whole Saxon popula-
tion, as quickly as they could be got down to the ports of the Continent,
and transported across the Channel to be regularly settled on the conquered
territory, until the whole district was filled with an English population.
Then, and not until then, the Saxon armies advanced a further step, cleared
a fresh district, and the same process was repeated. ‘This, of course, pre-
supposes that Ceawlin had absolute command of the whole naval forces
both in the N. Sea and in the Channel, and was able to rely on the Angles
on the East coast co-operating in the general plan of campaign. In support
of this supposition the author argues that Cerdic himself was not a Saxon
but an Angle. ‘The Jutes were traders, however, and did not whole-
heartedly support the plan at first, and therefore had to be brought into
line by Cerdic and Cynric who reduced the Isle of Wight to obedience in
530 having already defeated the Britons at Chardford on the Avon in 519.
Atithis point Wiltshire, begins to come into the picture. ‘The mysterious
battle of Mons Badonicus in 516, a serious set back to the Saxon advance,
which is not mentioned by the Saxon chroniclers, is treated in great detail.
The site is placed at Bath, and the whole campaign is supposed to have
been carried out with disastrous results by young leaders on their own
responsibility contrary to the “ principles” of the general plan. It is
imagined that a Saxon force advancing from Newbury took Cunetio in 515
and advanced down the Roman Road to the attack on Bath without proper
preparation. ‘They found the Britons in force awaiting them, failed in their
attack on the city, and took refuge on Mons Badonicus, the modern Beacon
Hill. Suffering great loss they retreated fighting a rearguard action on the
Fosseway at the base of Banner Down near the bend of the Avon, whilst
the main body of the Army got away back to Cunetio. The rearguard
following, got as far ag Silbury Hill, or rather as far as Silbury, which
Major Godsal suggests was then a camp and nota Aill at all. There they
took refuge and were overwhelmed and slain by the pursuing Britons. ‘I'o
support this amazing suggestion Major Godsal calmly writes ‘‘If in the
time of the Romans Silbury Hill had risen to a peak as it does to-day, it is
inconceivable that the Roman engineers would not have planted their
alignment staff on the top of that peak. ‘hat they did not do this is
plainly evident, since the alignment of their road has been made on a point
about 160 feet south of the present peak of Silbury Hill. On theassumption,
however, that there was a camp and not a peak at Silbury in the time of
the Romans, the point selected by them to align their road upon would
certainly have been the highest, since it was on that part of the parapet of
the camp that faced the high ground. Although this evidence may seem to
be minute, yet it is clear and positive, and it is incumbent on those who
question it, to find some other reason for the Romans having not aligned
their road on the peak of Silbury Hill.” “ Itis suggested that when Ceawlin
370 Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles.
(later on) had completed that great part of the Wansdyke north of Devizes,
he made his wretched slaves fill up Silbury Camp as highas the soil could be
made to stand, asa monument of his immortal revenge.” What is “‘inconceiv-
able” is that any serious writer should make sucha suggestion as this. Did
the Romans want to carry their road over the peak of Silbury ? Isitalikely
position fora camp? If there ever had been earth ramparts round the site
on which the hill stands, wouldn’t the evidence of them have been plainly
visible in turf lines in the two excavations which have been driven into the
side of Silbury on the original surface level ?
He is more reasonable when he deals with Wansdyke, as he does at con-
siderable length.
As to dykes in general, he says “ The only value that a long dyke can
possessisas a delimitation of a frontier between two opposed nations. .. .
Such long dykes have no military value, beyond the fact that they may make
mere raids more difficult, if the bank is high and the ditch deep.” ‘ ‘The
existence of a dyke clearly implies that when it was made, there were two
distinct nationalities, one on each side of it, and that these nationalities
had no desire to coalesce, and in fact that the victorious one, in whose
interests the dyke was made, was quite determined to hold aloof from the
other.” He assumes that all the long, more or less straight, dykes were
made during the Saxon colonisation of the country, and mark the bound-
aries of their successive advances, except probably Bokerley, which he
thinks was thrown up by the Britons against the Saxons as a defence.
As to Wansdyke itself he has no doubts. ‘It will be proved to demon-
stration that Ceawlin was the author of Wansdyke, or at least that no one
else could have been.” ‘‘ It does not seem possible that these two limits
(552 to 577) to the period during which the Wansdyke must have been
made can ever be controverted.” Its beginning he puts in 556, after the
battle of Berambyrig or Barbury when Cynric and Ceawlin defeated the
Britons, and it was made by the forced labour of the prisoners taken in
that battle. Indeed the five rectangular camps of low elevation arranged at
intervals on the section N. of Devizes, each about half-a-mile north of the
dyke prove this. “ It seems quite evident that these camps were the com-
pounds in which the slaves who did the labour of making the great dyke
were herded at night. This suggestion fully accounts for these small camps;
it remains to be seen if anyone else can think of any other explanation of
them.” Alas Capt. and Mrs. Cunnington thought of another explanation of
one of them at least, when they excavated it aud found it to be a medizval
cattle pen. Major Godsal lays stress too on the name ‘“* Woden’s Dyke” as
pointing specially to Ceawlin, who was himself of the blood royal and de-
scended from Woden. The object of the dyke, he believes, was to “ mark
the limit of the Saxon occupation,” when the battle of Barbury had finally
brought the whole country south of the line of the dyke under Saxon
domination. It was not intended to be held as a defensive position, but
was from 556 to 577 the acknowledged boundary behind which the whole
country was being systematically settled by the three clans of the Wilscetas,
the Dorscetas, and the Sumorscetas, and the Britons had been everywhere
driven to the north of this line. It was never finished as the many gaps in
Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles, 371
its line show, but as it was only a boundary line, the great gap of 14 miles
where the Roman road only ran along its intended course, did not greatly
matter, in as much as the line of the boundary wasasclearly marked by the
road as it would have been by the dyke. Moreover when Ceawlin in 577
made his next great move forward at the battle of Deorham and captured
Bath, Gloucester, and Cirencester, the necessity for it ceased to exist, and
no further work was done on it. ‘That is the theory of Wansdyke as it is
propounded with great ingenuity and at considerable length in this book.
It is of course bound up with the central idea of the great strategic plan
round which the whole book is written. As far as the object of the dyke
itself is concerned the reader is tempted to believe that the guess may not
be very far from the truth, though it by no means explains the immense
strength of the work on the ‘I'an Hill—Morgans Hill section, nor is the
whole story of the conquest with the theory of the clean sweep of the
Britons from the whole country south of the dyke easily reconcilable with
the fact that heathen Saxon remains are conspicuously absent from all cen-
tral Wilts and Salisbury Plain, and have hitherto only been found in any
number well to the north of the dyke at Purton, Basset Down, Sherston,
and further north still, or in the extreme south of the county at Harnham
and Broad Chalke. Moreover the strong admixture of Neolithic blood
which Dr. Beddoe found inthe Wiltshiremen of to-day is hardly compatible
with the clean sweep of the large British population who certainly inhabited
the chalk districts of Wilts at the end of the Roman domination.
The latter part of the book is taken up with an elaborate account of the
campaigns of Wodnesbeorh and Fethanleah which he identifies with Wed-
nesbury in Staffordshire and Faddiley in Cheshire, and takes Ceawlin north
to fight them. He indeed rightly rejects Wanborough in Wilts as the site
of Wodnesbeorh, but he seems never to have heard of the identification by
both Mr. Stevenson and Dr. Grundy of Wodnes Beorh in Alton Priors as
the real site of the battle.
Winchester and Salisbury. By Edward Foord.
1925. J. M. Dent & Sons, 10, Bedford Street, W.C. 2. “ Cathedrals ,
Abbeys, and Famous Churches” series. Price 2s.6d. Cloth, 64in. x 4in.,
pp. 192. Salisbury portion, pp. 97—189, with index, and in addition to cuts
in the text the following rather unusual plates:—Lower portion of W.
Front; Section through ‘Tower and ‘T'ransepts; Doorway of Chapter
House ; Looking across Nave from S. Aisle with effigy of Robert, Lord
Hungerford ; Tomb of Will. Longespee ; In the N. Porch; Tomb of Bishop
Giles de Bridport; Cloister; Inside of N. Gate of Close; Arcading of
wall of Chapter House; St. Thomas’ Church, EK. end of S. Aisle. ‘This ex-
cellent little book is something more than a mere guide. ‘The author has
opinions of his own as to the artistic merits or demerits of the work that
he describes as well as the characters of the persons mentioned, and does
not hesitate to express them, even when they do not exactly tally with the
views ordinarily taken by writers before him. He begins with a good short
sketch of the early history of the diocese, in which he remarks that the first
Saxon Bishoprics corresponded in a curious way with the original British
372 Wilishire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles.
tribal boundaries, and suggests on the strength of this coincidene that there
may have been corresponding British Bishoprics in Roman times. As to
the site of the Cathedral he concludes that ‘‘ Myrfield” or “ Meryfield” is
really ‘‘ Maerfield,” z.e., boundary field, situated as it is at the junction of
the three Hundreds of Alderbury, Cawdon, and Underditch. The found-
ing of the Cathedral is well described, and sufficient notes on the lives and
doings of all the Bishops as well as the lay folk commemorated by the
various tombs and effigies are given. In this connection he has a good deal
to say on the life and character of the two Longespees. The ‘‘ Boy Bishop ”
tomb, he suggests, probably covers the heart of Bishop Richard Poore. He
is not always quite up to date, and does not seem to know of the existence
of the modern canopies to the stalls in the choir, or of the effigy of Bishop
Wordsworth. ‘The interest of the book lies in its searching architectural
criticism which differentiates it from the generality of its fellow guides.
Thus the west front is minutely analysed, and the reasons for its ‘unsatis-
factory character as a whole are explained, whilst some of its details are
held worthy of high praise. Of the tower and spire as a whole the writer
says that there is nothing in England to equal them; though of the tower
itself he says that it has one fault, its base where it springs from the roof
has the effect of being too narrow. Of the cloisters he says that they ‘“‘ were
probably planned by Bishop Giles, commenced by his successor, Walter de
la Wyle (1263—1271), and continued by subsequent prelates. They were
certainly not completed until about 1340 or even later, but the style is
Harly English, so they were clearly built to a design made about 1260 or a
little later. The Chapter House was commenced rather later than the
cloister, as is shown by the fact that coins of Ed. I. were found beneath its
foundations, but so far as design goes I can see nothing to date it later
than about 1265: the style though in certain features it verges upon
Decorated, is essentially Early English.”
A short description of St. Thomas’s Church is given at the end. The
Doom painting is dated about 1480; the iron railings and fine wooden
panelling at the east end of the south aisle were erected to protect a vault
for the family of Chief Baron Eyre in 1724,
The Gateways of Salisbury Cathedral Close with
five colour prints, by the author, Hesketh Hubbard, Foreword by Reginald
H. Green, Forest Press, Breamore, Salisbury, £2 2s. ‘“ Five striking colour-
block prints in a portfolio with appropriate letterpress.” Mr. Green
discourses on colour printing, and Chancellor Wordsworth has supplied the
data for the account of the gates. Noticed Guardian, Jan. 29th, 1926.
Salisbury, South Wilts, and Blackmore Museum.
Annual Report for 1924—1925. 8vo.,pp.20. As usual, the
educational work of the museum has been much in evidence and the many
lectures have been largely attended. Mr. William Wyndham, who gave
£400 in 1922 to found a “Specimen Fund ” for the acquisition of additions
to the museum collections, has recently given a further £400, thus bringing
the fund to a total of £800 invested for this purpose, and has, in addition,
Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles. 373
given £100 to the general fund of the museum. The entomological collection
appears to be making much progress under the curatorship of Mr. H. G.
Gregory. A bronze age incense cup from Charnage has been given by
Mr, A. R. White. The four Great Bustards belonging to the museum have
been re-set in a new case by Messrs. Rowland Ward, of London, towards
the cost of which Mr. Will. Wyndham contributed £50.
Bristol, Bath, and Malmesbury, with a short
account of Bradford-on-Avon. By Gordon Home
and Edward Foord, 1925, London and Toronto, J. M. Dent &
Sons, 1O—13, Bedford Street, W.C. 2. One of the series of “ Cathedrals,
Abbeys, and Famous Churches.’’ Cloth, 63in. X 44in. Price 2s. 6d., pp.
192. The Wiltshire portion of this handy little book is contained on pages
126 to 179. Malmesbury has eight illustrations, Bradford-on-Avon four,
including a good process of the monument to Charles Stewart in the Parish
Church, who claimed to be the legitimate son of Charles II. ‘The
prominence of Malmesbury as a seat of learning in Aldhelm’s days is dwelt
on, and good accounts of Aldhelm himself and of William of Malmesbury
are given. In describing the Abbey Church, the authors suggest that the
western tower and the great centre tower and spire were probably (like the
clerestory of the nave) of 14th Century date, and that the west front of
Salisbury Cathedral was possibly inspired by the earlier west front of
Malmesbury. ‘The flanking turret is, without exaggeration, one of the
most exquisite examples of the late Norman school of art in England, if
notin Europe. . . The west front of Malmesbury was very clearly
one of the most perfect monuments to the genius of a school of Norman-
English artists.” Of the figures of the apostles in the south porch, the
author says that though of archaic character they have nothing distinctively
Saxon about them, and may just as well be of the beginning of the 12th
Century, and that there is no satisfactory evidence that they are earlier
than this. On the other hand with regard to thetympanum of Christ and the
angels over the inner door, he says that “they look as if they were copied
from a Byzantine fabric, and they resemble those in the Church of St.
Lawrence at Bradford-on-Avon.” Indeed, he goes so far as to say that it
is quite possible that they may be actually of the 8th century.
As to the Saxon Church at Bradford, the authors discuss the date at some
length, and decide, contrary to the prevalent modern view, that the building
is actually that erected by Aldhelm in the 8th century, and is not of the
10th century, as most authorities now believe. They boldly support this
view on the ground that better artistic work of all kinds was being done in
“the golden age,” from 670 to 740 than was ever done afterwards in the
10th century subsequent to the Danish raids. In this connection they lay
stress on the sculptured figures of angels, and make a very curious point
which has apparently not been noticed before. In the right-hand figure
the drapery is intended to represent transparent material, and the legs from
the knees downward show through the robe. ‘They suggest that this proves
that the model from which they were copied was “ beyond doubt” some tex-
tile material. They go further indeed, “ there is in the Victoria and Albert
374 Wiltshire Books, Panvphlets, and Articles.
Museum a fragment of Egyptian tapestry of about the Vth—VIth centuries
which has precisely the same general characteristics as the right hand.
Bradford relief. The drapery is transparent, with the outline of the legs to
the knee indicated as showing through it.” ‘“ There is similar figure-sculpture
on the stone crosses at Bewcastle and Ruthwell in the wall region, which
are both of the date 670—680.” Three pages are devoted to Bradford
Parish Church, eight to Ramsbury Church and the Littlecote legend, and
two to Lacock Abbey. An excellent little book.
Some old Houses of Devizes, No. 30, Long Street.
By Ed. Kite.
The occupant of the house on this site in @. Anne’s days was John Rogers,
Mayor in 1700. His three daughters conveyed the house to James Sutton,
senr., a Devizes clothier, mayor in 1697. From Robert Sutton, his youngest
son, descends the younger branch of the Sutton family who continue its
owners still. John, youngest son of Robert, married Mary, sister of Thomas
Thurman, linen draper of Devizes. ‘Thomas Thurman’s monument in St.
John’s Church records his many charitable bequests. James Sutton,
clothier, son of Robert and Elizabeth, born 1725, married Anne daughter of
Rev. John Shergold, Rector of Devizes 1721—88, Little Cheverell, 1735—59,
and Stanton St. Quintin until his death in 1777. James Sutton and his
wife both died in 1788, and a mural monument in the N. aisle of St. John’s
Church records their memory. His second son John lived at Rowde House
and died unmarried. Anne, his eldest daughter, married Wadham Locke,
a Devizes attorney living at Brownston House. The eldest son, James
Sutton, born 1760, married Ann, d. of Anthony Guy, of Chippenham, and
died 1803, his widow surviving till 1843. Robert Sutton, born 1770, of
RKossway, Herts, youngest son of James, was one of the original managers
of the Stock Exchange, London, and permanent chairman of it until his
death. He owned vessels running between Ostend and Colchester, and
was the first person to bring to London the news of the battle of Waterloo,
happening to beat Ostend himself at the time. His eldest son Robert, of
Rossway, Herts, and of the Stock Kxchange, married 1827, Harriet.
daughter of William Arnold Ludlow, of a family long resident at Hillworth,
Devizes, whilst his younger brother, Wadham J.ocke Sutton married
Louisa Ludlow, her sister. The Rev. Robert Sutton, son of Robert and
Harriet Sutton, born 1832, became Archdeacon of Lewes in 1888. Four of
his sons are living now. After 1843 No. 30, Long Street, was not inhabited
by its owners but let, the tenant from 1861 to 1886 being the Rev. Peter
Peace, D.D., who died 1891. The next tenant Mr. D. G. Wilson Rumsey,
set up a private school for boys under the name of Wilsford House School.
This came to an end about 1913.
Woolmore Farmhouse : Its Builder and Later
Owners. By Col. KR. W. Awdry [apropos of the burning of
this fine old house in March, 1926]. Woolmore was one of the seven tithings
of Melksham, and together with Woodrew, Blackmore, Canhold, and Town
tithings, was within the Forest of Melksham and Blackmore, as was the
whole of the present parish of Seend. Most of Seend and the part of
Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles. 375
Woolmore tithing S.W. of the Melksham—Devizes road were certainly
cleared and farmed in an ordinary manner before the disafforestation by
James I. between 1610 and 1620, It is not certain that the part of
Woolmore north-east of the road was cleared before 1610, but between that
year and 1620 the whole Forest was “ disafforested, devided, sett forth and
letten.” ‘The Brownckers were then the chief landowners in Melksham.
Hen. Browncker dying in 1598 left his son William a minor. On
coming of age, William sold all his Melksham property and retired to his
Erlestoke estate, where Browncker’s Farm still retains the family name.
In 1629 this William sold 418 acres in Woolmore, corresponding to the
modern Love’s and Woolmore Farms, to George Hulbert. Above the door
of the old red brick farmhouse of Woolmore are the initials G. M. H. 1631,
for George and Martha Hulbert, who evidently built the house then, or
altered an earlier one into the present form. Col. Awdry thinks that it was
built rather as a residence than as a farmhouse, but it never was inhabited
as such. The house was remarkable for its four-gabled roof, its four good
rooms, and stone mantelpieces, and powdering closets. Mr. Charles Awdry
restored it in 1903. If it ever had pannelling or moulded ceilings they had
entirely disappeared. The builder of the house, George Hulbert, was born
at Lacock, 1589/90, one of the four sons of Johnand Joan Hulbert. John
died Feb., 1590—91, and Joan after 1607 married John Awdry, a Taunton
man, who was Vicar of Melksham, 1601. George’s brother, John, farmed
Woolmore itself,and another brother Robert farmed at Notton. His
brother Richard may have been the“ Richard Hulbert of Ember ” mentioned
by the Heralds of the 1623 visitation as having “assumed the name and
title of gentleman without authoritie.” Col. Awdry suggests that Notton
was the home of the Hulberts. George Hulbert became a vintner in
London, and died 1639, having built Woolmore House in 1631. His son
Thomas sold part of the Woolmore lands to the Griffins, who sold them again
to Jeremiah Awdry, of Melksham, in 1735, whilst the remainder was sold
in 1669 by Thomas Hulbert to Ambrose Awdry, of Melksham. George
charged a charity of £2 12s. a year on the land in favour of Lacock, which
still exists. Col. Awdry mentions various tenants of Woolmore in the 18th
century, and some of the field names, amongst them being the curious
modern perversion of ‘‘ Great and Little Homer’s Fields,” originally “ Great
and Little Woolmore Fields.” He then discusses at length the legend that
Cromwell hanged seven men on the old oak which still stands between
Woolmore and Love’s farmhouses, and concludes with Waylen (History of
Devizes) that the story arose from a confusion with Woodhouse, in
Horningsham, where Sir Francis Doddington undoubtedly hung twelve or
thirteen men on a large oak tree after the capture of that house. An
excellent article.
John Aubrey: Tercentenary of his birth. On March
llth, 1926, The Times Literary Supplement published a long character
sketch of Aubrey, a considerable part of which was reprinted in the Wilt-
shire Gazette of March 18th. It suggests that Shorthouse took Aubrey in
“more than one respect” for his model for “ John Inglesant,” and that
376 Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles,
Kington St. Michael, Aubrey’s birthplace, with its old Priory, finds its
counterpart in the book. ‘There is a portrait of Aubrey from Faithorne’s
drawing in the Ashmolean.
Malmesbury. Mr.Wilkins’s Dinner Party at the
Culver House and what happened there. A paper by
A. Fraser, printed in Wilts and Gloucestershire Standard, March 28th, 1925.
The Alderman and twelve capital Burgesses who by the Charter of
Ch. I., obtained the government of the Borough, assumed the exclusive
right of electing members of Parliament in 1699 and maintained this right
in spite of petitions and opposition until the Reform Bill of 1832. Edmund
Wilkins, apothecary, elected High Steward in 1768, obtained the control of
the votes of the Burgesses by paying a retaining fee of £30 per annum to
at least nine or ten out of the thirteen to vote as he directed them. ‘This
payment was usually made at a dinner party given to the Burgesses by Mr.
Wilkins at his residence the Culver House. From each of the recipients
of this fee he took a bond for the sum of £500 for the due performance of
the agreement. Mr. Wilkins never told the burgesses to vote for any candi-
date, but the two names were written down on cards given to the guests at
the dinner and that was sufficient to secure their votes. Before he died
Mr. Wilkins recommended the burgesses to elect Mr. Estcourt as High
Steward in his place, and left « legacy of £500 to be divided between them,
excluding Mr. Robert Hill who had had the hardihood to aspire to the
office of High Steward himself. Mr. Estcourt was elected High Steward in
1804 by nine votes to four. He promised to raise the retaining fee from
£30 to £50 per annum, and gave each of his supporters a silver cup with an
apple embossed on the side. ‘Three of these cups are known to be still in
existence. One belonging to Miss Hanks bears the following inscription :—
“The gift of Edmund Estcourt, Esq.,
to Mr. Stephen Matthews, Capital Burgess,
as a mark of gratitude for his steady
support at the Election of High Steward
of the Borough of Malmesbury,
in the year 1804,
When the Nine Apples triumph’d
over the Four Crabs.
Mr, Alderslade, of London, has one given to Daniel Spackman, and a
third at Estcourt House was given to Nicholas Sergeant, a blacksmith.
This cup was given to the late Lord Estcourt on his retirement from the
representation of N. Wilts by his colleague the late Lord Long, of Wraxall.
An extremely entertaining account of the all important dinner party on an
occasion when the guests were for the first time introduced to the smoking
of cigars is given in this interesting paper.
The Adventures of a Homely Woman. By Fay
Inchfawn. Ward Lock & Co., Londonand Melbourne, 1925. Cloth,
84in. X 53in., pp. 314. Portrait of the author (Mrs. Atkinson Ward, of
Bradford-on-Axon). Price ds,
Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles. 317
This book contains “ adventures ” of everyday life in the “ Little House,”
the ‘“‘ New House,” and the “ Little Shop,” obviously at Bradford-on-Avon,
though the town is not actually named, of the authoress herself, her hus-
band “John,” and her daughter “ Bunty.” There is nothing in it that
might not have happened to anyone in the same place and circumstances,
and in that very fact lies its charm, for it has charm of no mean order.
The people in it are the people of Bradford, or for the matter of that of any
other Wiltshire town, they talk as Wiltshire folk really do talk, they be-
have not as modern novelists would have us believe all “‘ peasants ” behave,
as monsters of iniquity, but as ordinary human beings, and the author is
prone to dwell on the brighter rather than the darker side of human nature.
She deliberately thinks that this is the better worth doing. She is not
ashamed of her own faith, she thinks.in an old-fashioned way that religion
and the daily life should be bound up together, she has a sustaining sense
of humour and her book is very well worth reading and even buying.
Noticed in Wiltshire Gazette, Aug. 27th, 1925.
Hazelbury Manor, the Residence of Mr, George J.
Kidston. By Christopher Hussey. Country Life, Feb. 20th and 27th,
1926, pp. 274—281, 306—312, with 28 excellent photographs and two plans.
The present condition of this old house is due to Mr. Brakespear, who
began work upon it in 1919. It is, says Mr. Hussey, “a restoration not
only of extraordinary sympathy, but of nearly supernatural dictation
not only were foundations unearthed for the hall, oriel and porch, the
terraces, and for the remainder of the courtyard, but a large proportion of
the stones that originally composed these features—windows and door heads,
coigns, labels, battlements, finials, entire chimneys, balusters, copings,
pilasters, arches, and what not—quantities of such were discovered
under slopes of earth or used in dry-stone walls. It is true to say that
scarcely any part of the reconstruction, and certainly no important part,
was subject to guesswork. The clue given by foundations, a search among
the recovered materials—and each component of the former house took
shape before the often astonished eyes even of owner and architect.”’
Mr. Hussey notes that the foundations of the Church of Hazelbury (it
was once a separate parish, but is now included in Box) have been found
in the field called ‘‘ Ould Church.” It was probably, more or less, ruinous
in 1503, and it is possible that stones showing Norman mouldings found in
the walls of the house came from the Church. ‘The manor was held circa
1280 by Henry Croke, of the Honour of Wallingford, and the house was
probably of considerable size, for Henry III. stopped there in 1231, and
numerous foundations running 8.W. from the present house probably mark
the site of the buildings. The Crokes held it until the middle of the 15th
century, when the property passed through a daughter to her husband, John
Bonham. In 1575 it was sold to Matthew Smythe, acting for Sir John
Yonge, a Bristol merchant. He died 1592, leaving it to his widow, In
1613 Sir George Speke, of Whitelackington, Som., bought it for his son,
Hugh Speke. The house was much added to, both by this Hugh and his
grandson, Sir Hugh Speke, who died 1661. Sir Hugh’s son, Sir George,
378 Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles.
dying without issue the property passed to his widow, Rachel (Wyndham),
who married, secondly, Sir Will. Musgrave, and after 1682 lived at Cheney -
Court, Box. Hazelbury apparently was not again occupied by its owners,
and became a farmhouse for 200 years. Jt was purchased early in the 18th
century by Mr. Northey, Attorney General, and again by Mr. Kidston, the
present owner, in 1919. The earliest part of the house is the remains of a
two-light window in the north wall of the hall, the work of a Croke in the
14th century. The hall was altered by Bonham, who built the north and
south oriels, porch, fireplace, and open timber roof, with new windows, also
a wing to the west, two original windows of the lower storey of which remain. —
The probable details of the whole of this Bonham and Yonge House
of the 16th Century are suggested as founded on the indications remaining
in 1919. The stones of several spirally fluted chimneys were discovered,
and the chimneys replaced. George Speke (1624) formed the balustraded
terrace along the S. front now restored, and his son, Sir Hugh, formed the
existing forecourt with its fine gate piers. About 1700 the sash windows
were inserted. ‘The two-gabled building to the east of the Manor House
called ‘‘ The Cottage” probably built by the first Hugh, and intended as a
Dower House, has now been connected with the big house by a servants’
range. “ Hazelbury,” says Mr. Hussey, “is without a rival as an example
of the very highest type of restoration.” The various stages of this restor-
ation are here set out in full. The illustrations, all excellent, are asfollows :—
The South Front from within the forecourt (as now); the first view of the
buildings as you descend the hill ; the re-constructed Porch and Oriel ; the
back of the Hall and west side of the Courtyard ; the same in 1919; the
west side; beneath the re-constructed Colonnade, looking $.EK.; from the
S. Gate in 1919; the W. side before restoration ; the N.E. angle of the Court;
the S. Front in 1919 ; the Manor place from the outer gate looking N.; the
Arms of Sir Hugh and Sir George Speke on the Forecourt piers ; from the
Oriel looking across the Forecourt ; view from N.E. ; the N.W. bastion on
the upper terrace ; seat corbelled out from N. Terrace Wall ; plans of ground
and first floor ; Hazelbury in 1626 from an estate map ; the S. Oriel of the
Hall ; looking westwards from the Screens ; the N. wall of the Hall and the
Screen ; looking into the N. Oriel from the Staircase ; the chimney piece of
the Dining:Room ; a corner of the Drawing Room ; the Boudoir ; the Draw-
ing Room; the Solar of the 15th Century House ; the Library, formerly the 7
Dairy and Beer Cellar ; the upper and lower parts of the S. Oriel in 1919.
Pictorial History of Devizes. Paintings, Prints,
and Photographs at the Town Hall. The Wiltshire
Gazette, Nov. 5th, 1925, has a long account of the collection of photographs,
prints, &c., ‘‘ Recording some event of national or local importance, or
showing some feature of the town which has vanished ” which during the
last year has been brought together, framed and hung at the Town Hall,
largely owing to the efforts of Mr. John Chivers, Mr. Slade, and Capt.
Cunnington, with assistance from other helpers. Two early paintings of
the Market Place and Cross are permanently “ lent” by the Museum, two
boards painted with the royal arms of James I. (1606) and the Borough
oe i ee
Wiltshire Booxs, Pamphlets and Articles. 319
have been cleaned and placed where they can be seen, and a large number
of prints and photographs have bven placed on the walls. The collection
of portraits of Devizes notabilities (prints and photographs) is not as large
as could be wished, but it is hoped may be gradually added to by further
gifts. The appearance of the Town Hall and Grand Jury Room is very
greatly improved by this interesting series of views and portraits.
[Wexcombe House] Something new in Dairy
Farming. Article by H.G. Robinson in Country Life, October 24th,
pp. 617—619; Oct. 31st, 1925, pp. 658—660 ; describing Mr. A. J. Hosier’s
farm at Wexcombe House. An account of the laying down of a farm of
over 1000 acres from arable to grass, the provision of water from an
artesian well, and the improvement in down pasture is given, with 12 good
photographs, ‘“‘General view of the Village of Wexcombe,” ‘Closely
grazed sward on pasture laid down in 1921,” “Interior of Dairy,” “The
Wexcombe Dairy, once a Church,” “The Pumping Plant at Wexcombe,”
“The Complete Dairy Farm on Wheels,” “‘ Two Cows leave their travelling
home,” “ The Machine Milker at work,” ‘‘ The Milk Stream,” “ Loading up
the Milk Churns,” ‘“‘ The Milking herd of 160 Heifers,” ‘The Herd ready
for Milking.” Instead of permanent buildings, cowsheds on wheels, moved
every day, are employed, with many other practices entirely novel to Wilt-
shire, indeed the article affirms that “the system has no equal in this
country.”
Highworth Church. A short notice in V. Wilts Herald, Dec.
24th, 1925, by “ Gilbert Prince” on the architectural features of the Church
notices the fragments of a “jacket” in a glass case which with the helmet
above it have been attributed to Oliver Cromwell. From an examination
of these fragments he concludes that they are the remains of a very much
earlier surcoat bearing the faint outline of a Lion Passant whilst the lower
part is of a different colour. He suggests that this is really part of the
arms of the Batson family (‘‘ Three bats wings black, and on a red chief a
golden Lion passant”), some of whom were buried in the transept.
Spye Park. Sporting reminiscences of a younger
son, by Claude Luttrell, Duckworth, 3, Henrietta St., London,
W.C. [1925]. Cloth, 73in. x din., pp. 208, contains a chapter, pp. 95 to
113, “The Duke of Beaufort’s,” on the writer’s experience with the Bad-
minton hounds, in many famous runs, and point-to-point races. Another
chapter, “ Sport from Spye Park,” pp. 161 to 171, with an illustration of
Captain Spicer’s road coach, describes days of sport with Capt. Spicer’s
harriers and foxhounds, and the stage coaches between Chippenham and
Bath, and Bath and Marlborough, horsed and driven by the owner of Spye
Park.
Downton Moot and Breamore Church were visited by
about 120 members of the Hampshire Field Club in August, 1925, and an
account of the excursion is given in the Salisbury Times, of August 28th.
A paper on the Moot by Sir Charles Close, taken chiefly from Mr. E. P.
Ome Mull NO» ©XELV. Cha
380 Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles.
Squarey’s book, is printed, claiming that it is a Saxon Moot or meeting —
q yi
place. Mr. O. G. S. Crawford, however, speaking subsequently, believed
it to have been a Norman motte and bailey castle. At Breamore Professor
Karle’s opinion that the Saxon inscription on the arch of the S. 'Transept
was of the date of the foundation of the Priory early in the 12th century,
was mentioned, but Mr.W. J. Andrew, F.S.A., President of the Numismatic
Society entirely dissented from this view, and on the ground of the peculiar
forms of the letters S and W confidently placed the date at the close of the
reign of Ethelred II cir. 1018. The letter S appeared on the inscription in
two forms, twice as the reversed Z and once as the modern §, whilst the
early form of the Saxon W is used. There are coins of Ethelred II. struck |
at Winchester which bear all these three forms exactly as in the inscription,
and they are only so used at this particular date, which is therefore the date _
of the inscription. He translated the inscription as “Here is manifested
the word to thee,” which he believed was an Anglo-Saxon version of Titus,
JL},
John Wesley in Wiltshire. By the Rev. M. H. Fitzgerald,
Rector of Little Somerford. A paper read at a clerical meeting in Chippen-
ham and printed in full in Weltshire Gazette, April 9th, 1925. The writer
remarks that there is little in Wesley’s journals as to his experience in
Wiltshire. ‘“ Wesley does not seem to have met with either the same warm
welcome or the same exciting adventures that he encountered in Cornwall
or the north.” The riot at Devizes in 1747, in which a serious attack was
made on Charles Wesley seems the chief exception. At Bradford, how-
ever, he was welcomed from the first. The experience of a Methodist, |
William Hitchens, who was pressed for a soldier and spent a night in the
Round House on the Bridge guarded by twelve soldiers (nine of whom |
apparently stayed inside the Round House with him, surely very close |
quarters !) is given in full.
The Gospel Oak at Cricklade. Inthe Wilts and Gloucester-
shore Standard, March 28th, 1925, in one of a series of papers on Cricklade, |
Past and Present, considerable space is devoted to the “ Gospel Oak,” the |
remains of which are now in St. Sampson’s Churchyard, and it is claimed
as within the range of possibility that it may be the actual tree under which |
St. Augustine met the Britons, This, however, can scarcely be seriously |
maintained. Detailed evidence on the part of labourers who assisted in
bringing the remains of the tree, after it had been cut down about 1865, |
from Gospel Oak Farm to Cricklade Vicarage, where for many years it |
stood on the lawn, is given, also the declaration of Mr. Will. Cole, in 1913, |
that in his young days the tradition was that it was a tree “under which |
the first Christians met,” and which is much more to the point, that of Mr, |
A. Ockwell, that it was a favourite meeting place of Primitive Methodists. |
As has been already shown in Wilts Arch. Mag. xl., 120, 121, the tree gained
its name from a gospel having been read under it as a boundary mark on
the occasion of the perambulation of the boundary. ‘There were other
such gospel oaks on the boundary.
Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles. o8l
Lacock Churchwardens’ Accounts. The Wiltshire
Gazette, Sept. 10th, 1925, gives some account with extracts from a book of
Churchwardens, Constables, Overseers, and Waymen’s Accounts, in the
custody of the Vicar of Lacock, the whole of which has recently been tran-
scribed by Mr. F. H. Hinton, of Chippenham. The book, which measures
164in, X1llin., probably consisted originally of about 500 pages of which
about 270 are still blank. A few of the blank pages only have been cut out.
An entry at the beginning records its purchase by Richard Powntnye and
Harrye Rychards, churchwardens in 1583, and the latest entry is dated 1821.
In 1594 the parish arms include “ij long bowes & ij shife of arrowes,”
and ‘ij colyvers with theyre hedpeces tych boxe and flaske,” and it is noted
that the Archery butts were situated in Normead, near Lackham, on the
field path from Lacock to Chippenham.
Somerford, Great and Little. A useful article in NV. Wilts
Herald, March 27th and April 3rd, 1925, chiefly by Canon Manley, dealing
with the family history of Somerford with illustrations of the Rectory and
poor ones of the Church of Great Somerford and the interior of Little
Somerford Church, with a better one of the head of a churchyard cross now
preserved in the Church at Little Somerford.
Luckington Church. JW. Wilts Herald, May 22nd, 1925, had a
very useful article, from notes by Col. G. F. Ottley, on the dedication of the
Church, and an account of it before and after the restoration of 1872. ‘The
mural paintings then discovered are thus described, ‘‘S. of Chancel arch, a
knightly figure bearing in his hand a Church with spires, and the
inscription : 8S. Ethelbertus Rex. At right angles with this, another figure,
supposed to be St. Augustine of England, was depicted, and on the north
wall opposite these appeared a painting of the mass of St. Gregory, whilst
on the south wall a painted representation of the Abbot of Malmesbury
was discovered. Other paintings were found, but the subjects were so
defaced as to be quite indistinguishable. All the pictures crumbled away
almost immediately, but a rough sketch was made of the “ Mass of St.
Gregory ” at the time of the discovery.”
Brinkworth. ‘The NV. Wilts Herald of April 24th and May lst,
1925, in an article on Brinkworth, gives a portrait of Canon Livingstone,
and photos of the Jacobean pulpit in the Church, the Primitive Methodist
Chapel, and Penns Lodge Farm House, &c. ‘The notes on the Church are
from Mr. Ponting’s account. Under the heading.“ A unique relic of
ancient superstition,’ mention is made of a small glass bottle supposed to
contain human blood found, it is said, in the wall of the Church during the
restoration, and now in private hands. The assumption is that it contained
a holy relic. [This bottle, and the story attached to it, have long been
known to the writer of this note, in whose opinion, however, the bottle
appears most strongly to resemble those small bottles of the 17th century,
which were commonly tied mouth-to-mouth to form hour glasses.] The
history of Primitive Methodism in the beginning of which Brinkworth took
so prominent a part is dwelt on at some length.
2 Cee
382 Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles,
Alderton, Foxley,and Norton. Articlein . Wilts Herald,
March 13th, 1925. Short notes on the Churches and the history of the
places, with fair photos of Foxley and Bremilham Churches, and a bad one
of Alderton.
Crudwelland Hankerton. JN. Wilts Herald, March 20th,
1925. Lists of Rectors and very short notes on the Churches are given
with good photos of Crudwell Church and Lych Gate, and of Hankerton
Church. .
Castle Combe. Article in WV. Wilts Herald, July 10th, 1925.
Hullavington. Article in WV. Wilts Herald, April 2nd, 1925.
Lists of Vicars and Patrons, views of Church and village, and some account
of the old screen.
Calne Almshouses. The Wiltshire Gazette, Oct. 22nd, 1925,
gives an account of the re-opening of the almshouses founded by Dr. John
Tounson, Vicar of Bremhill and Bishop of Salisbury. The front, facing
Kingsbury Street, has been left untouched, but the interior having become
dilapidated and being unsuited to modern requirements has been remodelled,
floors relaid, ceilings raised, &c., to the great advantage of the inmates at a
cost of £880, for which an appeal was issued, and most of it has already
been raised by subscriptions in Calne.
History of East Knoyle. Sir Christopher Wren’s
Birthplace. An anonymousarticle in Salisbury Journal, March 6th,
1925. ‘The early spellings of Knoyle are given, and the references to it in
Domesday, when the population appears to have been about 350. In 1676
it was about 487 ; in 1801, 853; in 1851, 1110; in 1891, 956; in 1911, 853:
as it had been 110 years before. Short notes on the architecture of
the Church, and of the “ Pictures” set up by Dr. Wren, father of Sir
Christopher, in the Church. These were plaster ? figures made by Robert
Brockway, a Dorset man, and included the Four Evangelists, the Ascension
with the 12 Apostles in the Chancel, and Jacob’s Dream and Sacrifice on
either side of the east window. Old Clouds House is said to have derived
its name from a former owner.
Minety. Anarticle in ¥. Wilts Herald, May 8th, 1925, giving some
account of the village, the architecture of the Church, the names on the
War Memorial and Roll of Honour, the principal monumental inscriptions,
&c,, with a bad illustration of the Church.
With Cobbett in Wiltshire. By the Rev. H. E. Ketchley.
An article in The Bristol Diocesan Review, Aug., 1925, partly reprinted in
Wiltshire Gazette, Aug. 6th, 1925, describing Cobbett’s love of the county,
and the condition of the labouring people in 1826.
Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles, 383
Catalogue of .. . valuable Printed Books
comprising the property of Lt.-Col. E. G. Troyte-
Bullock, C.M.G., of Zeals House, &c, &c. Day of Sale,
27th July, 1925. Sotheby & Co. Royal 8vo., pp. 31—70. Lots 172—193.
Bolingbroke Peerage Claim. Minutes of evidence
taken before the Committee for Privileges. Ordered
to be printed 1922. Folio, pp. 40.
Life and Letters of George Wyndham. By J. W.
Mackail and Guy Wyndham. Hutchinson, 1924. 2 vols. 42s.
net.
Reviewed Zimes, Jan. 23rd, 1925; Guardian, Feb. 6th, 1925. Contains
more than 600 of his letters.
“George Wyndham has been dead but a few years and would not be an
old man were he alive to-day. Yet already his name has become almost
legendary. Notable figures appear, play their part and pass on.
Of the few who seem destined long to resist this fate George Wyndham
is one. Charm, most illusory of virtues, plays brightly as ever about his
career. In life he was intensely alive; eleven years . . . have not
lessened the remembrance of that liveliness.”
‘He had almost everything a man could wish for; brains, personality,
charm, happiness in parents and family, wealth, good looks, power of
tongue and pen, skill in sports. He wore himself out and died young with-
out having attained all that his beginnings had promised.”
Elizabeth Chudleigh, Duchess of Kingston. By E.
Beresford Chancellor, F.S.A. An article in The English Review, Dec.,
1925, pp. 812—821, describes the career of this notorious Duchess, whose
name was formerly connected with “Kingston House” at Bradford-on
Avon, now known as The Hall.
_ In a peaceful Wiltshire Village. Biddestone
Memories of 40—50 years ago. By Mary Far-
| brother. Pamphlet, 63in. x 4in., pp. 14. Reprinted from Wiltshire
| Gazette.
384
ADDITIONS TO MUSEUM AND LIBRARY.
Museum.
Presented by Cari. B. H. Cunnineton : Two Iron Sickles and Iron Knife
found near Aldbourne.
Mr. A. SHaw MELLoR: Great Seal of Geo. V.
Dr. R. C. C. Cray: Roman Bronze Fibula from Fonthill
Bishop. Ten Cinerary Urns, Bronze Awl, &c., found
in the five barrows in the Woodminton Group, Bower-
chalke.
Library.
Presented by Capt. AND Mrs. CuNNINGTON: Original Drawings, Plans, -
59 93
99 99
99 99
&c., of Illustrations of All Cannings Cross Excavations,
Casterley, Knap Hill, and Lidbury Camps.
Two Maps of Nicholas Property at All Cannings.
Two old Deeds connected with Devizes Castle. Article
on ‘“ Archeology and Architecture,” in Home, Farm,
and Estate, by Capt. Cunnington. Drawings.
Mr. H. W. DartneLL: Amesbury Deanery Magazine for
THE
1925.
AutHor, Mr. E. H.Srong, F.S.A. : “The Story of
Stonehenge,” “ Fact and Fiction,” by the Rev. G. H.
Engleheart ; Reply by E. H. Stone ; Rejoinder by Rev.
G. H. Engleheart. Reprinted from Wiltshire Gazette,
Nov. 5th, 1925, to Feb. 18th, 1926. Bound 4to.
“The Supposed Blue Stone Trilithon.” Jan,
March, 1926.
Archeologia, Vol. xxiv., 2nd Series.
THE SOMERSET ARCHAOLOGICAL SOCIETY: Five: Wiltshire
Deeds concerning North Bradley, &c.
Mr. W. HewarpD Bet.: Geological Journal and Proceedings
of the Geologists’ Association for 1924 and 1925.
Mr. W. A. Wess: Photographs of Bromham Church.
Tue PUBLISHERS, Messrs. J. M. Dent & Sons: “ Winchester
and Salisbury by Ed. Foord,” in ‘‘ Cathedrals, Abbeys,
and Famous Churches ” Series.
Mrs. Story MASKELYNE: “The Bristol Diocesan Review,”
1925.
Mr. C. W. HengAGE: Dr. Charleton’s “ Chorea Gigantum
vulgarly called Stoneheng,” 1663.
Additions to Library, 385
Presented by Rev. H. E. Krercutey: ‘“ Biddeston Memories of 40—50
99
99
years ago.”
Mrs. J. L. Lovrsonp anp Miss Baker: A Special Donation
of £10 in memory of their father, Mr. T. H. Baker, to
provide for the binding up of the Wilts Monumental
Inscriptions copied by him, &c., &c.
Mr. A. D. Passmore: “ The Flight of the King,” by Allan
Fea. ‘The Wonder of Carnac and Stonehenge,” by
F. Stevens, F.S8.A., from Wonders of the Past.
Photographs of Flint Saw, Scraper and Chisel-end
Arrowhead found on the original turf level under the
vallum at Avebury during excavations made many
years ago. Photograph of Bronze Palstave found at
Ashton Keynes, 1913.
Mr. J. J. SuapE: ‘Stonehenge and Karnak,” by A. R.
Hinks, Nineteenth Century, 1925 ; “ Elizabeth
Chudleigh, Duchess of Kingston,” by E. B. Chancellor,
English Review, 1925; ‘The Dear Stealers,” by Ida
Gandy (daughter of Rev. C. Hony, Vicar of Bishops
Cannings and Woodborough): “Snowdrop and the
Dwarfs, a Fairy Play,” by Ida Gandy, 1925 ; Songs and
Whispers of Nature,” by Lilian Rodway, 1925.
Mr. F. Harrison: Old Deed.
386
& LI 18vF
OT SI 9aT “igs GZ6I “ISIE Joquie0eq ‘oouvleg
G 81 USE
Il 8I €¢ rai ** WOISSIULUIOZ) Pue SETIe[eG
O LI ¢ ay SelqaI00g 19440 04 suotydiaosqne
OU 2¢s
Conc laOgileeses sey EPI (ON
Ol Al 261 ai ZVI ON
‘Pp ‘S F —:soulzesvyy 10} “op ‘Sulavisugq ‘suyuiig
92 Tl 46> = ee oe "> sosuod xy
SNOSUBI[SOSI[Y pure ‘seseysog ‘soseley ‘A19UOIzRIG
1S ay SLNANASY NASIG
g él
ne
I8hs
5 OOF qsolojUy YO0IG IBAA puv yueg
a 5c0 SUIjooY [eNUUY Jo sposoo1g
QF ** sZOO[G pu ‘soulzeseyy “syoogd Jo sayeg
SOO eae ae St
Ol 6 puny diysiequie yj efi] Wor Jojsuedy,
0 Al 67E SUOT|dIIOSqng [enUUY puy soo,f souesqUy
‘Sid HOW
LP vee " @geL “sy Atenuese ‘oouvled
Gees a3)
‘LNQOOOV IVIANAD
"GZ IVOA oY} 10} sqyunos0y
ALSIOOS AYOLSIH IWYALVN GNV ‘TVOIDOTOHHOUV FAYIHSLTIA
387
O20 Sah ee a ‘On ‘SJUueMMe[dUIT 9U0IG JO 9/8G
Chine CG eae ee CG6I “ISIE aquisoaq] ‘aouvpegd Gests 1G seu ee CZG6L “48S Arenuve ‘aoue[eq
Ras =F 1D Egy
O74 sls (0) 1h GF
GaGe he eS GZ6L “ISTE J9qUiadaqy ‘aoUR|eg 0 One i SWIOOY S,Joyeqjoley Jo yUas]
€ T If ° pung [vdousy 03 onp ‘gzer “44st Asenuer ‘aourpey (ie aCe pee " 6Z6L ‘ys~q Avenueep ‘aourleg
{Da Say ‘SINAWASYNASIA BES as ‘SLdIGOTy
GNOdA DNYWAUOYVING WOASON
6 6l 9€1F 7 6 61 9E1F
GrGle OG oe CZ6L “ISTE Jequisoeq] ‘aour[eg
O YD “4G
Die ete 5 a ae ae we S[eyuaprlouy
2 Be 000 ne ou SodUvINSUT Siete Al bs Si ere a a ‘O~ ‘sonso[eyeD JO s[VG
Q 7 Gin ee ie Beg 8x0) pur ‘191B AA ‘se 0 eet xq ur suck euog) puy tinesn |] 09 suoIssIUpy
Chesilecie on cs oe wnasn jy UO XBT, puLy ) Gil OS 3 ney " suorydrdosqng
0) 7a: Ga as Keesar puv Unesn yy 07 suOIIIPpY Sida a
UZ tees) amma ae Wnesny 0} ‘07 ‘satedoy ‘ssulgq1 7 0.0. <685 2% 2 ae CZ6L ‘4ST ‘uve Soourleg
el SLNAWASYNASIG Teg)
‘CANOW FAONVNADINIVN WOHSOW
388
‘hinjyaway qorwounurg
‘SNIMdGOH “WM ‘9Z6L ‘AR ITT
‘NEMO CIAVGa ee Pee: 'V $0) ‘q2eI100 punoy pue poytpny
—
SZ6I “FST Atenuer ‘oouepeq
G I OF G6 I Os
6 TI OL S261 “ISTg Jequisoeq ‘sourleg Bele Olee 050
Dates ps F
GNN4 LNHHS AO NOWIS dOHSIGd JO qa LSTOa
O 6. 06% 0 61 06F
G LI 18 G26I “ISTE Joquisoeqy ‘yueg SSUIABY UI soURlTeg i ieee ee
OLLI 6 on JUNODIV [e19Uer) 0} Y3U9}-900C) 8 II 88
eG g De thy
qS910}UT YuK ssuraeg
" G61 “ISU Arenuer ‘sourpeq
‘GNODA dIHSYAdNaW AdIT
C. H. Woodward, Printer and Publisher, Exchange Buildings, Station Road, Devizes.
+ te
THE SOCIETY'S PUBLICATIONS (Continued).
. STONEHENGE AND ITS BARROWS, by W. Long, Nos. 46-47 of the
_ Magazine in separate wrapper 7s. 6d. This still remains one of the best and
- most reliable accounts of Stonehenge and its Earthworks,
] WILTSHIRE—The TOPOGRAPHICAL COLLECTIONS OF JOHN
- AUBREY, F.R.S., A.D. 1659-1670. Corrected and enlarged by the Rev.
Canon J. E. Jackson, M.A., F.S.A. 4to, Cloth, pp. 491, with 46 plates.
Price £2 10s.
|
_ WILTSHIRE INQUISITIONES POST MORTEM. CHARLES I. 8vo,
| pp. vii. + 501. 1901. With full index. In 8 parts, as issued. Price 13s.
:
DITTO. IN THE REIGNS OF HEN. IIL, ED. I., and ED. IT. 8vo,
pp. xv. 505. In parts as issued. Price 13s.
DITTO. THE REIGN OF ED. III. 8vo., pp. 402. In six parts
as issued. Price 13s.
A BIBLIOGRAPHY or tHe GREAT STONE MONUMENTS of
WILTSHIRE, STONEHENGE, ann AVEBURY, with other references,
‘by W. Jerome Harrison, I'.G.S., pp. 169, with 4 illustrations. No. 89, Dec.,
1901 of the Magazine. Price 5s. 6d. Contains particulars as to 947 books,
papers, &e., by 732 authors,
| THE TROPENELL CARTULARY. An important work in 2 vols., 8vo,
pp. 927, containing a great number of deeds connected with property in nm
‘Wiltshire Parishes of the 14th and 15th centuries. Only 150 copies were
printed, of which a few are left. Price to members, £1 10s., and to non-
members, £2.
> aon
BOOKBINDING.
Books carefully Bound to pattern.
Wilts Archeological Magazine bound to match previous volumes,
Or in Special Green Cases.
We have several back numbers to make up sets.
¢ H. WOODWARD, Printer and Publisher,
Exchange Buildings, Station Road, Devizes.
THE —
North Wilts Museum and
LIBRARY AT DEVIZES.
In answer to the appeal made in 1905 annual subscriptions |
varying from £2 to 5s, to the amount of about £30 a year for this”
purpose have been given since then by about sixty Members of |
the Society and the fund thus set on foot has enabled the
Committee to add much to the efficiency of the Library and
Museum.
It is very desirable that this fund should be raised to at lead |
£50 a year in order that the General Fund of the Society may
be released to a large extent from the cost of the Museum and A
set free for the other PENDS of the Society. 3
Subseriplions of 5s. a year, or upwards, are sla for from all
Members, and should be sent either to Mr. D. Owen, Bank Cham-
bers, Devizes, or Rev. EK. H. Gopparp, Clyffe Vicarage, Swindoul
The Committee appeal to Members of the Society aa other
to secure any ~
ObIccts of Antiquity, _
AND
Natural History Specimens?
found in the County of Wilts and to forward them bo ie
Hon, Curator, Carr. B. H. Cunnineron, Devizes ; a
Whilst Old Deeds connected with Wiltshire families
or places, Modern Pamphlets, Articles, Portraits,
Illustrations from recent: Magazines, or’ Papers
bearing in any way on ‘the County, and Sale
Particulars of Wiltshire Properties, as well as
local Parish Magazines, $
will be most gratefully received for the Library by the Rev,
EK. H, Gopparp, Clyffe Vicarage, Swindon, Hon. Librarian.
Cc. H- WOODWARD, MACHINE PRINTER, DEVIZES,
No. CXLV. DECEMBER, 1926. Vou. XLITI.
THE
Ma IiLISHIRE
Archeological & Natural History
MAGAZINE,
PUBLISHED UNDER THE DIRECTION OF THE
SOCIETY FORMED IN THAT COUNTY
A. D. 1853.
EDITED BY
REV. E. H. GODDARD, Clyffe Vicarage, Swindon.
[The authors of the papers printed in this “‘ Magazine” are alone responsible for all
statements made therein. ]
| dee | |
|
i
|
DEVIZES :
PRINTED FOR THE Society sy C. H. Woopwakrp, |
EXCHANGE BurILpINnGs, Station Roap.
——S TE
Price Ss. Members, Gratis.
NOTICE TO MEMBERS.
TAKE NOTICE that a copious Index for the preceding eight
volumes of the Magazine will be found at the end of Vols.
Vili, XVl., Xxlv., and xxxil, The subsequent Volumes are
each fully indexed separately.
The annual subscription is now raised to 15s. 6d., the entrance fee
for new Members remaining 10s. 6d. as before. Life Mem-
bers £10 10s.
Members who have not paid their Subscriptions to the Society for
the current year, are requested to remit the same forthwith to
the Financial Secretary, Mr. DAvip Owen, Bank Chambers,
Devizes, to whom also all communications as to the supply
of Magazines should be addressed.
The Numbers of this Magazine will be delivered gratis, as issued,
to Members who are not in arrear of their Annual Subserip-
tions, but in accordance with Byelaw No. 8 “The Financial
Secretary shall give notice to Members in arrear, and the
Society's publications will not be forwarded to Members whose
Subseriptions shall remain unpaid after such notice.”
All other communications to be addressed to the Honorary Secre-
tary: the Rev. E. H. Gopparp, Clyffe Vicarage, Swindon.
THE SOCIETYS PUBLICATIONS.
To be obtained of Mr. D. OWEN, Bank Chambers, Devizes.
THE BRITISH AND ROMAN ANTIQUITIES OF THE NORTH
WILTSHIRE DOWNS, by the Rev. A. C. Smith, M.A, One Volume, Atlas
4to, 248 pp., 17 large Maps, and 110 Woodcuts, Extra Cloth. Price £2 2s.
One copy offered to each Member of the Society at £1 11s. 6d.
THE FLOWERING PLANTS OF WILTSHIRE. One Volume, 8vo,
504 pp., with Map, Cloth. By the Rev. T. A. Preston, M.A. Price to the
Public 16s.; but one copy offered to every Member of the £vtiety at half-price.
CATALOGUE or tHe STOURHEAD COLLECTION or ANTIQUITIES
in THE SOCIETY’S MUSEUM, with 175 Illustrations. Part I. Price Is. 6d.
CATALOGUE or ANTIQUITIES in toe SOCIETY’S a Oe UI
Part II. 1911. Fully illustrated. Price Qs,
CATALOGUE or tHe SOCIETY’S LIBRARY ar toe MUSEUM.
Price 1s. APPENDIX No. I., II., and III., 3d. each.
CATALOGUE or DRAWINGS, PRINTS, anp Maps, In THE SOCIETY'S
LIBRARY at toe MUSEUM. Price 1s. 6d.
CATALOGUE or WILTSHIRE TRADE TOKENS 1n tHe SOCIETY'S
COLLECTION. Price 6d.
BACK NUMBERS or tHE MAGAZINE. Price to the Public, 8s., 5s. 6d.,
and 3s. 6d. (except in the case of a few numbers, the price of which is raised).
Members are allowed a reduction of 25 per cent. from these prices.
WILTSHIRE
Archeeological & Natural History
MAGAZINE,
No. CXLV. DECEMBER, 1926. Vou. XLIIL.
Contents.
OBJECTS FOUND DURING EXCAVATIONS ON THE RoMANO- BRITISH
SITE AT STocKTON KARTHWORKS, 1923: By R. de C. Nan
TRIPOLI, cogscoocbacteodesesBO nea C oe aS inne eine ene ann amie arene
Notes on Recent PReuistoric Finps: By Mrs. M. EK.
Cunnington (Beakers, W. Overton and Beckhampton ; Cin-
erary Urns, Figheldean, Lavington, and Knowle; Barrows,
Market Lavington and Shepherds’ Shore) ................c0-2e00
THe Societys MSS. Asstrracts OF DEEDS RELATING TO THE
FAMILY OF METHUEN AT BRADFORD, CORSHAM, MELK-
SHAM, CHITTERNE, AND BECKINGTON: By Canon E. P.
IK Tmtt DIGS? ooo ocoasa dod eco se ocsbesp Ce neooe nos Se ORenne <cr iar anrnen aan
THE BaRRows ON MIDDLE Down, ALVEDISTON: By R. C. C.
C@lawae te OsS os, sR CyPs BISA c occ ccescscwcce-secsccocees see
THE SEVENTY-THIRD GENERAL MEETING OF THE WILTSHIRE
ARCH ZOLOGICAL AND Natural History SOCIETY, HELD
-AT CHIPPENHAM, AvuGustT 9th, 10th, and 11th, 1926.......
SHEEP FARMING IN WILTSHIRE, WITH A SHORT HISTORY OF
THE HAMPSHIRE Down BREED: By G. B. Hony............
SAVERNAKE Forest Funer, Part III.: By Cecil P. Hurst...
Nores oN Purtron TirHe Books: By 8. W. Shaw.............-
Guy's Rirt, SLAUGHTERFORD, Witts: AN Earty [Ron AGE
mApEEADTON By Tl Ke Hewer sa. 20..5 060 ds cigs cae coceseaer ess
Two Bronz—E AGE Braker Buriats at NETHERAVON: By
Nome eeliiee © WATTS OMS 2.5 ces ccnatbcdc css ccssettncesaceenseGecsaves
A BIBLIOGRAPHICAL CATALOGUE OF PRINTED MATERIALS FOR
THE HISTORY AND TOPOGRAPHY OF WILTSHIRE, ARRANGED
ALPHABETICALLY UNDER CATS § By Rev. E. H. Goddard
RN RU Se OUP LMUCAR Ya coe cassis sc valu: ok ovidaclnenoceSencwsseweeelsseedesenesceense o¥e
WILTSHIRE Books, Parente: AND fuming Sa Te Ee nee
ADDITIONS TO MUSEUM AND LIBRARY .........scesecceccscesetcevesens
ILLUSTRATIONS.
Objects found at Stockton Earthworks, Plates IL—V................
Notes on Recent Prehistoric Finds, Plates IL—IV. ................8.
Sections of Barrows, Market Lavington and Bishops Cannings
The Barrows on Middle Down, Alvediston, Sections of Barrows
Bilal ine: dasenenen ie eens
The Old Wiltshire Horned pane and the eee Down,
Plates L—VII... M3 sae :
Guy’s Rift, Slenehtentord, ond Srul, FN helas IS ease slosh GARD SEAR
Two Bronze Age Beaker Burials at Netheravon .....s.ccsee eeseeees
PAGE.
389—394
395 — 400
401—431
432—439
‘440—448
449 —464
465—476
477—482
483—489
490— 491
492—493
493—496
496—508
509—510
392
396
396—397
433 —435
436
460
483—489
490
Drvizrs :—C. H. Woopwarp, Excuancre Buripines, Srvarron Roap.
iA F, % se
Ht IWAR SA YS) ged
THE
WILTSHIRE MAGAZINE.
‘“MULTORUM MANIBUS GRANDE LEVATUR ONUS.”—Ovid.
No. CXLV. DECEMBER, 1926. Vou. XLILI.
—=
OBJECTS FOUND DURING EXCAVATIONS ON THE
~ROMANO-BRITISH SITE AT STOCKTON EARTHWORKS,
1923.
By R. de C. Nan KIVELL.
The group of earthworks known as Stockton Earthworks lies on the
highest part of Stockton Down, about two miles from the village of Wylye.
Roughly estimated they cover sixty-two acres. At present they are
| difficult to measure exactly because they extend into a wood to the South
and West where all traces of them are obliterated.
' The site shows the usual characteristics of occupied places of pre- Roman
and Romano-British date. It was apparently surrounded by a ditch and
single rampart, considerable portions of which remain towards the East,
South-East, and West. The original main entrance was on the Eastern
side at the head of a valley.
As the population grew, the habitations seemingly spread towards the
West, where there are positive signs of occupation, but of a lesser duration
than on the main portion of the higher ground.
There are numerous internal hollows and mounds, and Sir Richard Colt
Hoare noted the signs of a mound of pentagonal form, but this is now
_ difficult to trace.
Towards the West the streets can still be defined.
There have been many excavations carried out on the site, and a large
' quantity of the smaller objects usually met with on digging into these
| villages has been found.
In 1923, the kind permission of Colonel Skeffington-Smythe was obtained
to excavate his portion of the “‘ Works,” chiefly all that lying to the North-
| West.
_ Although great care has been taken to note the depth and position of all
| objects found ; on this site, as is the case in most of these villages on the
Wiltshire Downs, the natural earth being so shallow, there is very little
VOL. XLIII—NO. CXLY. D 2
|
}
i
390 Objects found at Stockton Earthworks.
opportunity of studying the stratification, because during the centuries of
occupation, all objects in the earth must have been transposed from their
positions many times, and even after the abandonment, the moles and
rabbits have acted in like manner in the disturbing of the earth.
That the site was of pre-Roman occupation is practically certain from
the characteristics of the earthworks, and also by internal evidence of the
several objects found of known pre-Roman date.
The period of abandonment appears to have been about the end of the
fourth century, no evidence having been discovered to prove an occupation
during later times.
All the objects found will eventually be placed in the Devizes Museum.
PLATE I.
A. Bronze spring-pin bow brooch with T-shaped head. Four finely cut
grooves encircle transversely the top of the bow. Length 1 3/4in. Perfect.
B. Bronze hinge-pin bow brooch, T-shaped head with suspension loop.
Seven raised lozenges, with cavities for enamel, project along the bow,
terminating with a raised oblong enclosing minute cavities at head. No
enamel now remains. Length 2 3/16in. Complete.
C. Bronze penannular brooch, the ends flattened and turned back.
Diam. 1 1/4in. Perfect.
D. Bronze spring-pin bow brooch, all formed of one piece, plain flat bow.
Length 1 1/21n. Complete but terened:
E. Bronze hinge-pin bow brooch. Along the bow run two grooves with
transverse notchings between. ‘The pin has been broken off at the head,
but has later been bent and inserted into one side of the cylinder formed
for the original hinge. Length 2in.
F. Bronze spring-pin bow brooch, all formed of one piece. Flattened
out bow with two rows of incised scribble pattern. Length 1 15/16in.
Perfect. :
G. Bronze spring-pin bow brooch, all formed of one piece. Plain bow ~
flattened out to a circle at head and then to a long thin taper to catch- —
plate. Length 1 7/8in. Distorted and turn-up of catch-plate missing.
H. Bronze spring-pin bow brooch, ornamented with punch holes the
whole length of the bow. Apparently the catch-plate was of the open- ~
work type, but now a part is missing, also pin and half of spring. Length ©
3 1/2in.
PuatE IT.
A. Bronze spring-pin bow brooch, all formed of one piece. Ornamented
with punch dots the whole length of the bow. The pin was found lying
near the brooch but one coil of spring is missing. Length 2 3/4in.
B. Bow of bronze hinge-pin brooch. Pin and catch-plate missing.
Length 1 7/8in.
C. Bronze hinge-pin bow brooch, bow ornamented with three grooves,
Pin missing. Length 1 1/2in.
D. Part of bow and catch-plate of bronze brooch. The turn-up of the
catch-plate is ornamented with engraved lines. Length remaining 2in.
E. Bow of bronze brooch. Wide flat bow ornamented with a series of
“8 =A nd oORAPATU ala’aoe ? "lll jt)
Bronze Brooches. Stockton Earthworks. 1923. 3
Bronze Brooches.
Stockton Earthworks.
1923.
ex:
ASSESS
——,
is
3
4°
1923,
Earthworks.
Objects from Stockton
ye py Be ee
Ses of, aes ES
mo DL yz
— | aa
fore = SEY
ms
5 Cus
a aa oT
ep TATE
— x Payh is
Stockton Earthworks. 1928.
bjects.
Iron and Bone O
4 = S =—
=~ ;
COLTEL LLL CE
~
+ (CARY
MO CR
Pottery, &c. Stockton Earthworks. 1923.
ao
as
Yoh
ar
ae
i
ee «ee |
hie
By R. de C. Nan Kvvell. o91
| ridges. At the foot two ridges run transversely. Catch-plate and pin
| missing. Length 1 9/16in.
F. Iron Penannular brooch, the ends curled back. The square point of
the pin is unusual. Diam. 1 1/8in. Complete.
G. Iron hinge-pin bow brooch. Plain flat bow. Length 2 3/4in. Com-
| plete.
H. Iron hinge-pin bow brooch, plain flat bow. Point of pin missing.
Length 2 5/8in.
I. Small iron hinge-pin bow brooch, plain flat bow. Catch-plate
/ missing. Length remaining 9/16in.
| J. Iron hinge-pin bow brooch, plain flat bow. Part of bow and catch-
| plate missing. Length remaining 1 3/4in.
Puate III.
_ A. Bronze bangle of two round strands twisted together. Hook and
| eye fastening. Notcomplete. Diam. 2 3/8in.
|B. Bronze bangle of one round strand and hooked together at ends.
| Diam. 2 5/16in. Complete.
' CC. Bronze bangle of one round strand interlaced at ends, Diam.1 3/4in.
| Complete.
| D. Bronze bangle of two round strands twisted together. Not complete.
| Diam. 2in.
| EK. Half of bronze bangle, flattened with rounded edges. Diam.2 1/8in.
F. Ringof white metal. Flattened with rounded edges. Diam. 1 1/16in.
G. Bronze ring, plain flat surface, unjoined. Diam. 9/16in.
H. Bronze ring, of plain round wire, unjoined. Diam, 3/4in.
I, Bronze ring of plain round wire, doubled up at one end, unjoined.
| Diam, 3/4in.
' J. Bronze ring, plain flat surface, unjoined. Diam. 3/4in.
K. Bronze ring, plain flat surface, unjoined. Diam. 5/8in.
L. Bronze ring, plain flat surface, unjoined. Diam. 5/8in.
| M. Bronze ring, flat surface ornamented, with dot and ring pattern in a
| circle, and grooved. Unjoined. Diam. 11/16in.
| N. Bronze ring of a single strand of wire twisted. Unjoined. Diam.
| 31/16in,
_ ©. Bronze ring, plain round wire, ends doubled up. Diam. 11/!6in.
P. Bronze pin with protruding conical shaped head, ornamented with
| grooves cut from apex to circumference. Length 3 5/8in. Perfect.
1. Bronze pin with knobbed head. Length 2 1/2in.
2. Bronze pin with knobbed head. Length 3 1/2in. Perfect.
3. Bronze pin without head. Length 2 9/16in.
4, Bronze pin with mutilated head. Length 3 3/8in.
5. Bronze pin with small flat round head. Length 4in.
6. Bronze needle with top of eye missing. Length 2 1/2in.
@. Fragment of bronze cup (?) with incised egg and tassel pattern, and
part of letter H. Size lin. X 7/8in.
R. Flat bronze object, nail cleaner one end. Ornamented with engraved
| groove down the centre. The other end sharpened to a knife-edge with a
notch cut init. Length 2 1/16in. Perfect.
Pe ee Fe
le
.
392 Objects found at Stockton Earthworks.
S. British silver and bronze uninscribed coin. Diam. 3/4in.
T. British silver and bronze uninscribed coin. Diam. 3/4in.
U. Half of bronze stylus, writing point broken off. Ornamented with
incised lines at different angles. Length 1 5/8in.
V. Unfinished bronze stylus (7). Length 2 1/2in.
W. Circular bone disc with inscribed circle enclosing bisecting ares to
form geometrical design. Diam. 3/4in.
X. Circular bone disc with cross scratchings. Diam. 7/16in.
Y.1. Glass notched bead, blue, five notches, 7/16in. long.
Y.2. Glass notched bead, green, three notches, 7/)6in. long.
Y. 3. Glass bead, light: green, round, diam. 1/4in.
Y. 4. Glass bead, black, circular and flat, pierced lengthways. Diam.
5/161n
Y.5. Glass bead, green, round, diam. 3/1!6in.
Y. 6. Glass apie ne bead, blue, four notches, 3/8in. long.
Z. Half of a pair of Ivan tweezers, plain. Length 1 1/2in.
Z. 1. Flat round lead disc, perforated. Weight (?). Diam. 9/16in.
Guass FrRaGMENTS Founp.
Forty-seven fragments were found, chiefly from cups and bottles. ‘The
majority of a sea-green colour, a number white, one piece amber, and
another a bluish-purple.
BRONZE FRAGMENTS FouND.
Ninety-one fragments were found, practically all identifiable as parts of
brooches, bangles, pins, cups, rings, and tweezers.
Puate IV.
A. Single-edged iron knife with long tang. Length 9 1/4in. Widest
part of blade lin.
B. Single-edged iron knife with tang. Length 6 1/2in. x 7/8in.
C. Blade only of single-edged iron knife. Length 2 7/8in. X 1 1/4in,
D. Iron tool, gouge (7). Hollowed at one end, striking knob at other.
Length 3 3/4in.
E. Iron awl, square at one end tapering to a rounded point the other.
Length 3 1/8in.
F. Iron tweezers, one point missing. - Length 1 3/8in.
G. Large iron tweezers (7) or spring (7). Broken. Length 3 1/8in.
H. Strip of iron bent back at both ends. Length 4 1/2in.
Iron pin, head bent to form loop. Length 3ins.
Ditto Length 2in.
Ditto. Length 3in. Point missing.
Ditto. Length 1 7/8in.
Ditto. Length 2 5/8in.
J. Tron ring, ends overlapping. Diam. 3/4in.
K. Iron ring, wide flat surface. Diam. 7/8in.
L. Iron object. part of scales (7). One point missing. Length 3 1/2in.
M. Perforated lead object. Weight (?). Diam. 1 1/4in.
N. Slender bone pin, pointed at both ends. Length 5 5/8in.
Fb ed eS
m co pe”
On
By f. de C. Nan Kivell. 393
O. Bone pin, flat round top with small collar. Length 1 5/8in.
P. Bone pin, knobbed head. Length 2 7/8in.
@. Bone pin, small knobbed head. Point missing. Length 2 3/8in.
R. Bone pin, knobbed head. Point missing. Length13/4in. (Twenty-
five fragments of bone pins of various sizes were found.)
S. Whorl of Kimmeridge shale. Diam. 1 3/8in. (Six pottery whorls
were found, average diam. 1 3/4in.)
T. Large iron nail with projecting head. Length 5 1/4in. (Sixteen
pounds of nails of all sizes were collected.)
U. Iron stylus. Length 4in.
V. Iron pin with knobbed head. Length 1 1/2in.
W. Iron cleat. Length lin. (I'wenty-three of these were found of a
more or less uniform size.)
X. Iron staple, flat surface. Length lin.
PLATE V.
A. Bowl of Samian ware, form 37, decorated in high relief with border
of egg and tassel design, double circles enclosing sitting hares, and bordered
squares enclosing flowers, cocks, and gladiators. Not complete. Diam.
6 1/2in. Height 3 1/2in.
B. Shallow bowl of Samian ware, form 7, unstamped and incomplete.
Diam. 7 1/2in. Height 2 1/2in.
C. Bowl of hard light grey ware with heavy overhanging moulded rim.
Incomplete. Diam. 9in. Height 2 1/2in.
D. Bowl or porringer with straight sides obliquely outset, and a thick
rounded flange just below a small upright lip. Of coarse brownish-black
ware. Diam.5 1/2in. Height 3in. Pieced together.
K. Sameas D. Diam. 4in. Height 2 1/2in. Pieced together.
F. Oval saucer of coarse black ware, with two handles. Length Qin.
Width 6in. Height 1 3/4in. Pieced together.
H. Fragment of carved stone. Part of small altar (7). Back plain, two
Zrooves cut on sides, and three on face, also a circle has been incised with
bisecting arcs to form a geometrical design (see Plate III. W.). Height
remaining 4in. Width 3 5/8in. Depth 2 1/2in.
I. Stone of fine grain, grey, worn round by use, whetstone (7). Length
4 1/2in. (Eight of these stones were found, of different sizes but of
similar character.)
J. Whetstone of hard grey stone, broken one end. Length 2 3/8in.
Width lin.
K. Base of Samian bow] with maker’s stamp: DIVICATVS.
L. Ditto. Stamp: MARTI-M.
M. Ditto. Stamp: CARVSSA.
N. Ditto. End of stamp: I-M.
O. Fragment of Samian ware mended with lead rivet.
P,Q, R, 8, T. Fragments of New Forést ware with various designs |
_ painted in white slip.
U,V. Fragments of pottery of a soft light brown paste, with incised
_ designs bearing a close resemblance to those on the pottery found on the
394
Late Celtic site at All Cannings Cross.
Oljects found at Stockton Harthworks.
W. Fragment of strainer of coarse brownish-black ware.
ments with various sizes of holes were found.)
X. Fragment of hypocaust flue with deep regular grooves, brick-red in
colour.
from a human patella.)
Z. Part of quern.
were found scattered over the site.)
bo
Sea aS
eS)
Fae ea er Ong aah
bt) =
mt aT
fon)
Wo)
208
Diam. 12in.
(Eighteen fragments were found.)
Y. Perforated bone, whorl (7).
List oF Coins Founp.
BRITISH.
Small silver and bronze uninscribed.
Small silver
Large brass
99
39
Middle brass
Small brass plated
99
Small brass
Total.
RoMAN.
Antoninus Pius.
Trajan.
Antoninus Pius.
Unidentified.
Julia Domna.
Marius.
Diocletian.
Constantius.
Julia Mamea.
Carausius.
Constantinus, I.
Julia Mamea.
Victorinus.
Tetricus.
Claudius Gothicus.
Carausius.
Constantius I.
Constantinus I.
Fausta.
Crispus.
Delmatius.
Type Urbs Roma.
Licinius,.
Constantinus IT.
Constans.
Valentian I.
Unidentified.
(cf. W.A.M., vol. xxxvii., 526— 538.)
(Eight frag-
(Two of these were found, one made
(Large numbers of fragments of querns
138—161.
138—161.
193—211.
267.
284—313.
305— 306.
222—235.
306—337.
222—235.
265:—267.
267 —2 ae
268—270.
287—289.,
305— 306,
306—837,
306— 337,
306—337.
306—337.
317—323.
33/—35l,
337—350-
864—3875.
399
NOTES ON RECENT PREHISTORIC FINDS,!
By Mrs. M. E. CunnineTOoN.
EARLY BRONZE AGE BEAKER AND FLINT DAGGER
FROM WEST OVERTON.
The beaker and the flint dagger, here illustrated, were found with the
skeleton of a man in a shallow grave, apparently without any mound over
it, near the schools at Lockeridge, in the parish of West Overton, in 1919.
The grave was discovered by Mr. C. Francis in digging gravel, and its con-
tents subsequently passed into the hands of Mr. J. W. Brooke, of Marl-
borough. An account of the discovery in a local paper states that the
skeleton was in the usual “ sitting position, facing towards the setting sun,”
while “ close at hand were a large flint spear head and some fragments of
an urn.”? The bones were sent to Sir Arthur Keith, and his report is
quoted, together with a notice of the discovery in W.A.J/,, xli., 187. In
1924 the dagger was sold by auction in London without its history, de-
scribed as found at Avebury, and was bought by Mr. C. Vincent, of 86, St.
Mary Street, Weymouth, in whose collection it now is (1925). Soon after-
wards the beaker was bought by Mr. b. H. Cunnington from Mr. J,
W. Brooke, and is now in the Society's Museum at Devizes. The dagger
was referred to by Mr. R. A. Smith in his paper on “ The Chronology of
Flint Daggers,, in Pro. Soc. Ant., xxxil., 14.
According to the local paper it seems that another skeleton was found
near the same spot some months earlier.
The beaker (PI. I., fig. 1} is complete except for a few fragments of the
rim. It belongs to type “ B” as described by Thurnam and Abercromby.
The ware is thin and of a deep red colour on both inner and outer surfaces,
but soft and black in the fracture. The question as to the method of the
production of this red colour was referred to Mr. Thomas May who kindly
reported on the ware as having been made of “ unwashed or unlevigated
clay, baked in contact with the fuel in a covered fire at a low heat in a re-
ducing medium, but not in a ‘“‘smother kiln.’ The redness is due toa
coloured paste or slip finally exposed to greater heat in an open fire. This
soft surface slip has allowed the elaborate pattern to be made with a wooden
comb by prodding or a toothed wheel by ‘runnering.’ The redness may be
due to iron in the slip coating (a mixture of powdered ruddle which is a
mixture of clay and iron oxide) or any other form of rust in a silicated
condition.”
The ornament as usual consists of a series of ‘‘ notched lines, the arrange-
* The Society is indebted to Mrs. Cunnington for the gift of the blocks
illustrating these notes.
* North Wilts Herald, September, 1919.
396 Notes on Recent Prehistoric Finds.
ment of which will be seen in the illustration. The plain surfaces are
tooled very smooth; the horizontal] lines bordering the zones are remarkably
regular and seem to indicate the use of a running serrated wheel rather than —
the application of a notched tool (see Abercromby I., p. 51).
The dagger is some 54in. long by rather over 2in. wide: though a fine
specimen its workmanship does not seem to be quite equal to some other
specimens of the type. Pl. I., fig. 2.
OPENING OF A BARROW AT MARKET LAVINGTON.
In May, 1924, a barrow on Freeth Farm (Goddard’s “ List,” Market
Lavington 2, W.A.M/., xxxvili.) was opened with the permission of Mr,
Seymour, to whom the land belongs. This and the neighbouring mound
(No. 1) have been under cultivation for many years and are much lowered
and spread about. They are in an unusual situation in comparatively low
lying country, only just over 200ft. O.D. on an outcrop of Lower Greensand.
The mound was composed of unstratified reddish ferruginous sand; __
owing to continual ploughing in one direction it had become oval in form,
measuring 100ft. by 80ft. ; its original size or shape could not be determined.
The primary interment was found on the ground level at a depth of 53ft.,
under what had probably been the centre of the mound. It consisted of a
burnt interment in a cinerary urn and the remains of what was thought to
be the funeral pyre. Over an area of some 8ft. by 6ft. the soil was burned
to a deep red colour with charcoal and fragments of bone embedded in it.
In the centre of this burnt area a cinerary urn was found upright and full
of burnt human bones and infiltrated sand. The urn stood in a hole some
9 inches deep, so that the rim was on a level with the burnt layer, the body
and base being distinctly below it. It seems therefore that after the body
had been burnt in this fire the bones were put into the urn which was then
placed in the hole dug in the middle of the funeral pyre. The bottom and
sides of the hole in which the urn stood were not discoloured by fire, but the
mouth of the urn was filled with burnt soil and charcoal. A flint ‘ knife,”
well worked on one side only (Pl. III., fig. 3), was found among the
bones in the urn. ‘The bones were very thoroughly burnt and broken
into very small pieces, indeed much of the material in the urn was little
more than bone dust.
Two secondary cremated burials were found in the mound above the
primary burial (see Section, 3 and 4). The one at “3” was some 4ft above
= oy
oe a 2 Zs
THIN en Te WITT TAT TM ee TG LUAU Ga ROL
y) Dh 10. Sa GY
—E——E——E ees)
Section across central area of Barrow 2, Market Lavington.
I-I—Cremation area. 2—Cinerary Urn (size somewhat exaggerated),
3-4—Secondary burnt interments. 5—Site of fire. f—Undisturbed ground.
|
Beaker from West Overton ; (2) Flint
Overton.
Dagger from West
PLATE IJ.—(1) Beaker from Beckhampton ; (2) Cinerary Urn from Barrow
2, Market Lavington ; (3) Upper part of Cinerary Urn from Knowle.
Vea e/\9o 0) OI 9 %
“oof \goe/ \oq0 go]
8 WO 4
9 oy 9 6
149 Na 9 @
\ \b \ \e/
; YI A Vi p ‘\ hr
ON PAR 6o fs 6
6
P)
4
\9/ f
foe
eT) Tr
fete
Ornamentation on Beaker from Beckhampton. See PI. IT., fig.31.
Scale 4 actual size.
My
Wh Sp Y dy D)
cS
W
LP
Prats II].—Worked Flints from Barrow 2, Market Lavington.
(1—2) Scrapers found in the mound; (8) “ Knife” found in Cinerary Urn ;
(4) Leaf-shaped Arrowhead from surface of mound.
Puate 1V.—(1) Cinerary Urn from Figheldean ; (2) Bronze Pin from
Saxon Burial at Netheravon.
By Mrs. M. EH. Cunnington. O07
_ the ground level, and consisted of a compact little deposit of burnt bones
_ without any charcoal. At “4” there was a second deposit of burnt bones
mixed with charcoal but not burnt onthe spot. Just above this last burial,
but apparently in no way connected with it, there was a very definitely de-
fined fire site which had probably been used for cremation as bone ash was
mixed with the reddened soil and charcoal ; the burning had taken place
in a shallow basin-shaped hollow that had been made in the sandy soil
so that perhaps the cremation had been that of a child. A good deal of
charcoal was noticed scattered throughout the mound; three pieces of
_ Bronze Age pottery were found and a number of flint flakes, some showing
_ secondary working including two scrapers (PI. III., 1—2).
The urn of “ moulded rim ” type (Pl. II., fig. 2) is made of a coarse black
_ clay burnt toa dull red on the outside. Height 9in., rim diameter 8in.
base 44in. A line of cord ornament runs round the “ moulded rim” be-
| tween two rows of irregularly impressed punch marks ; immediately below
| the rim there is another line of cord ornament with four rows of punch
_ marks beneath ; there are two rows of punch marks inside the rim.
A finely worked leaf-shaped arrowhead (PI. IIL, fig. 4) was picked up on
| the barrow before excavation; it is of thesame dark flint and in the same
_ condition as the “ knife”’ found in the urn, and of the other worked flints
_ found in the mound, so that there can be little doubt that it is of the same
| age.
BARROW NEAR SHEPHERDS’ SHORE.
This barrow is nearly one third of a mile due west of the 4th milestone
from Devizes, No. 38, Bishops Cannings, in Goddard’s “ List” (W.A.d/.,
| Xxxvill.) It was described by the Rev. A. C. Smith as “ A barrow, now
_ very wide spreading, once doubtless very large, more oblong than circular,
_bas been ploughed over for many years; no trace of any ditch visible.”
Antig. N. Wilts, p. 66, vii., u.).
Section across Barrow 38, Bishops Cannings.
_a—Chalk rubble. 6—Dark mould and sarsen stones. c—Disturbed
'area. d—Grave. e—I)eposit of bones and paving stones. f—Undisturbed
chalk. Scale 1 inch=15ft.
In the spring of 1914 the plough turned up sarsen stones on the mound,
| and as there was no record of its having been opened it was deemed advisable
_ to examine it before further damage should be done to any relics it might
contain. The mound measured 90ft. from east to west and 55ft. in width ;
| a trench was first cut right across the centre from side to side but no ditch
398 Notes on Recent Prehistoric Finds.
was found ; the central area was then taken out, the excavation measuring
46ft. x 35ft. From the disturbed state of the central part of the mound
it was clear that it had been previously dug into from the top, and a piece
of a clay tobacco pipe was found on the ground level. A grave (see Section d)
dug into the chalk below the central part of the mound had been opened
and rifled of whatever it may have contained, not even a single fragment
of bone being found in it.
The old surface line under the mound (where undisturbed) was well
marked by a dark layer which gradually increased until at the centre it was
two feet thick, showing that turf and dark mould had been used to begin
with in making the mound, and chalk rubble to complete it. In the upper
part of the dark layer a number of stones were found, the largest about as
much as a man could lift, chiefly of Sarsen but with some pieces of oolite
and upper greensand rock. On the ground level on the S.E. side in the
undisturbed part of the mound, were found five thin flat stones of oolite
roughly squared to about lft. in size, laid as though to form a paving.
Human bones were found, some under but mostly over this paving, and
scattered over a space of several feet round aboutit. ‘The bones were those
of at least five individuals, those of three adults and one child about eight
years of age were unburnt, while mixed indiscriminately with these were
the burnt bones of at least one other adult. Theskeletons were incomplete
and the bones were all broken and not in their natural relative positions; |
four vertebrae were strung upon arib bone. As they occurred at different |
levels it suggested indeed that the bones had been thrown in haphazard
with the dark mould in building up the mound.' Nothing further was
found to give a clue as to the purpose of the paving. No ashes or signs of
fire were found in the mound and not a single fragment of pottery through-
out.
CINERARY URN FROM FIGHELDEAN.
The cinerary urn (Pl. IV.) was found in 1924 in making a machine gun ©
emplacement on the north side of Barrow 20, Figheldean, and has been
placed in the Society’s Museum, through the kindness of Colonel Waller,
C.M.G. It seems to have been a secondary interment, and was full of
burnt bones, but it is not known whether it was found inverted. The urn
is devoid of all ornament, but is well and regularly made, and of graceful
form. It is 11 inches in height, the rim is 92 inches, the base 44 inches in
diameter.
Though the ware is dark or black in fracture the whole exterior surface
is tooled and of a deep, fairly uniform red. This colour, no doubt, is due
to the presence of iron in the clay which was used as an overlay or coating |
to the comparatively coarse clay of which the vessel was made.
1 The number of skeletons were deduced from the presence of four unburnt
and of one partly burnt right ulnas.
Ry Mrs. M. EL. Cunnington. 399
CINERARY URNS FROM KNOWLE, LITTLE BEDWYN.
Further discoveries of burnt burials in cinerary urns were made on this
site in November, 1925, by men digging gravel, and through the kind inter-
vention of Mr. H. C. Brentnall, parts of three vessels have been placed in
the Society’s Museum.!
One of these, the upper half of a large cinerary urn, was found inverted
in a hole 2ft. deep, in which there was charcoal, burnt flints, and other signs
of fire, so that the cremation may have taken place on the spot, ‘The urn
when perfect must have been at least 14 or 15 inches high, and the inverted
base would have been so near the surface that it was probably destroyed
by cultivation, The rim diameter is 114 inches. ‘The urn is of the
'Deverel type, and is without ornament except for a row of finger-tip
impressions round the shoulder, and at the same level three (originally, no
doubt, four) unpierced lugs at equal distances apart. The rim slopes
inwards from the shoulder rather more than is usual in this type. Pl. IL,
fig. 3. Among the burnt bones and charcoal inside the urn were pieces of
/ another vessel that had evidently been incomplete and the remaining parts
broken up before it was put into the urn. The fragments include several
pieces of the simple upright rim as well as of the base and sides, not, how-
| ever, enough to give an idea of the form, but the vessel must have been a
large one with a base of some 4% inches and rim of some 73 inches in
diameter.
It is not uncommon to find incense cups contained within cinerary urns,
‘but the writer does not know of another instance where pieces of a large
| vessel such as this were found. ‘The pottery of the cinerary urn is very
thickly gritted with particles of flint, chalk, and calcined vegetable matter ;
that of the contained vessel is much less gritted, the ware is finer and better
baked. )
A second cinerary urn containing burnt bones was found near the first
one. ‘This was of a very poor and friable ware, exceptionally full of calcined
_ vegetable matter, and only a few fragments were preserved by the workmen
'who dug it out. This urn seems to have been without ornament, and to
have had a rim profile resembling that of Pl. IV., fig. 1.
BRONZE AGE BEAKER FROM BECKHAMPTON.
| A “beaker” or “drinking cup” (Plate II., fig. I.) was found at Beck-
‘hampton, in the parish of Avebury, in July, 1925, at a spot S. of Bench
| Mark 506 on the Devizes road, and W. of the word “ Beckhampton” on
| the 6in. O.M. 28 S. W. (1899 revise).
The fragments of the beaker and a few broken human bones were found
at the side of a large sarsen stone that was exposed in a trench dug to lay
| 1 For earlier finds see W.A./., xlii., 245. The present discovery was
made a little to the west of the original one, and just westward of the track
| to Knowle Barn.
400 Notes on Recent Prehistoric Finds,
water pipes. The stone, about 3ft. x 4ft.and lft. thick, was lifted but
nothing was found underneath it.
It is not improbable that the stone originally covered the burial but, being
so near the surface as to be a danger in ploughing, at some time a hole had
been dug alongside into which it was lowered, thus disturbing but not
entirely destroying the burial.
The vessel is 74in. high, with a rim diameter of 53in., and a base of 3iin.
The lines forming the ornamentation are not made in the usual notched or
punched line manner, but appear to have been drawn by a simple pointed
tool.
A SAXON BURIAL AT NETHERAVON.
In August, 1913, a Saxon burial was found in excavating the cellars for
the officers mess at the Aviation School, Netheravon. The skeleton was
found in a shallow grave about 2ft. deep, extended at full length on its back
with head to the west. A bronze pin, 24in. long, was found close to the
right side of the skull, and an iron socketed spearhead, 5 inches long, some-
where among the bones. There were also some narrow strips of iron and
iron rivets with fragments of wood adhering to them, probably the remains
of ashield. Another skeleton seems to have been found a few yards away
from the first, but the workmen who dug it out said they found nothing
with it. The bronze pin (PI. 1V., fig. 2), the spearhead, and the iron frag-
ments have been placed in the Museum with the consent of the Military
authorities.
PITS IN BATTLESBURY CAMP,
Among the objects found in Battlesbury Camp, and described in W.A. J,
vol. xlii., p. 8368, were three rings or hoops of iron [p. 372, fig. 3). At the
time the nature of these hoops was not recognised, but it seems that they
are the hoops of the nave or hub of a chariot wheel. Similar hoops of
bronze or of iron have been found associated with remains of wheels and
other parts of chariots in burials and other finds of the La Tene period else-
where in Britain and on the continent, but these seem to be the only chariot
remains as yet recorded from Wiltshire. ‘There are usually two nave hoops
to each wheel, and the fact that there were only three at Battlesbury,
together with other fragments of iron and broken pottery, indicates that
they were thrown into the pit along with other broken or useless objects.
See Greenwell’s British Barrows,, p. 455; Archeologia, vol. 60, pp. 285,
401; Proc. Spelxological Soc. (University of Bristol), 1919-—20, p. 13, pl.
IX.; Dechelette La Vene, p. 1185; British Museum, Harly Iron Age
Guide, 2nd edition, pp. 48, 119, 120; Curle, A Frontier Wort, p. 292, pls.
59, 60.
401
THE SOCIETY’S MSS. ABSTRACTS OF DEEDS RELATING
TO THE FAMILY OF METHUEN AT BRADFORD,
~CORSHAM, MELKSHAM, CHITTERNE, AND BECKINGTON.
By Canon E. P. KNUBLEY.
[ Abbreviations. B=Bradford-on-Avon. Ct. R. & Ct. Bar.=Court Roll &
Court Baron. Cust. Cott.=Customary Cottage. Cust. ten’=Custo-
mary tenancy. Dat.=Dated. Mess =Messuage. Occ.=Occupation.
P.=Parish. Poss.=Possession. Sig.=Signature. Surr.=Surrender.
Ten=Tenure. Tent=Tenement or Tenant. Wits.=Witnesses. |
BRADFORD,
1. Ind’re dat. 28 August 23 Charles II. 1671. John s. & h. of Paul
~ Methwin of Bradford, clothier, dec’d., for £160 paid in his life time to Paul
~ Methwin, grants to Anthony Druce, of Bradford, clothier, a cott. in Brad-
ford, late in poss. of Elizabeth 'rueman wid. and now of William Gran, a
mess. and one yard land, 12a., in Winsley, P. Bradford, in oce. of Thomas
Showerne, together with two closes, one called Oake Way, 8a., and the
other Lytle Lyes, 4a., in Winsley and of late were parcell of the lands of
~ Budbury Farm and now in occ. of Anthony Druce, and John Methuen ap-
- points his louing frindes Paul Methuen, clothier and Henry Shrapnell the
younger, his Attorneys. Sig. and seal, John Methwen. Wits. Elizabeth
Ashe, William Methwin, William G. Collman his mark.
Endorsement that Paul Methwin and Henry Shrapnell on 20 Sept. 23
Charles II. entered in peaceable possession of the premises. Sigs. Paul
Methwen, Hen. Shrapnell, Atturneyes. Wits. Richard Shrapnell, William
Chanler, jun., the marke of John Z Dallis.
2. Copy of Court Roll. Man’iumde Bradford in Com’ Wiltes. Ct. Bar.
of Fra. Lord Powlett held at B. 31 May 3 Jas. II. 1687. Surr. by
William Turner K‘*. of a mess. in B. called Coombs held for his life & lives
of Anthony & Paul Methwen sons of Paul Methwin late of B. gent. dec’d—
by his attorneys Will. Bayly & Chas. Cottle. Grant of same to Anthony
Methwen & his sons Thomas & John for their lives. Rent xxvi®. viiit &
heriot. Fine lvij". Sigs. John Holliday, Thos. Bridgmoare, Rob*' Beach,
Steward, Fra. Powlett (armorial seal). Endorsed 31 Oct. 1711 supervised
by Robert Beach, Steward, 7** 10°%* 1713 surrendered by y* win named
Anth. Methwen.
3. Ind’re of Release dat. 10 Nov. 3 Jas. II. 1687. Robert Beach of
_ Woolley P. Bradford, Esq., for £180 releases to Paul Methwen the elder,
clothier, a mess. with garden in Mill Street, B. Sig. Robert Beach. Wits.
Henry Cornish, John Dehrinck, Tho. White, Allin Bolwell.
4, Ind’re of Exchange dat. 8 May 8 Will. III, 1696. Anthony Meth-
wen, clothier, exchanges with Manasseth Whitehead, clothier, both of
402 The Society's MSS.— Bradford.
Bradford, 4a. arable in Elms Crossfeild, la. of waste in Avonfeild, 4a.
arable in Kingsfeild, la. whereof at Coome Quarr Hill, all in P. and Manor
of B. whereof Francis Lord Powlett lately dec’d was Lord which A. M.
holds for his own life and the lives of Thomas and John his sons for
three guineas paid by A.M. to M. W. 6% a. in Harenapp, 2a. of which lie
near Belcomb brooke, 1 a. in lower Poulton feild, 2 a. in Avon feild
adjoining footpath from B. to Trowbridge which M. W. holds for the life
of Martha his wife. Sig. Manasseth Whithead. Wits. John Bradford, -
John Whatley.
Other names mentioned, as owners, John Perry, John Hall Esq., Samuell.
Davison, Samuell Hull ; as tenants, Christopher Ferris, John Collett.
5. Deed of Feoffment dat. 12 March 8 Anne 1708. John Yerbury of
Bradford, baker, for £60. 10® grants to Anthony Methuen, of Bradford,
clothier, one acre of meadow, adjoining a pasture called the Ham in poss.
of Charles Dawe, gent., and to a small strip of meadow called the
Melancholy Walk. Also half an acre of arable land next to Battle pit in
Winsley Sandfeild, shooting against the . . . wayes of Oakey lane in
the P. of B. lately in poss, of Thomas Baker and sithence of John Yerbury
and he nominates Paul Methuen the younger clothier and John Holleday
clothworker, both of Bradford, his attorneys.
Sig. and seal, John Yerbury. Wits. Jane Foot, John Danisson, Hugh
Ashe. Endorsed 16 March, 1708, that the attorneys entered into the
premises. Sig®* Paul Methwen Jun’, John Holliday. Wits. John Howell,
Hugh Ashe, The mke of R. B. Richard Bezor.
6. Deed of Exchange dat. 26 Jan. 9 Anne 1710. The Hon. Francis
Powlett of Englefeild co. Berks Esq exchanges with Anthony Methwen of
Bradford clothier 3 yards of pasture called Palmers Grove in Lower Conie-
ger for 3 yards of pasture called Great French Grass Tyning in Hareknap
Feild all in P. Bradford. Sig. Anthony Methwen. Wits. Paul Methwen,
Jun’, Jno. Shewell, Geo. Brewer.
7. Fragment of a Lease dat. 1 Dec. [earlier than 1711] (being the upper
part of the left half of the deed). Anthony Methuen, of Bradford, leases to
William Tucker of . . . Freeman a plot of ground 30ft. long nearadye
house of Mt Edward Thresher for 99 years absolute. Rent 10% A. M. re-
serving the right to lay water pipes from Lady well and W. T. undertaking
to erect a building on the plot.
In margin. (1) Jno. Halliday scutler in Upper Row. (2) (By another
hand) “ Fin. Taking Abs, of 19 April, 1728.
This Deed has been cut up to form a cover for the following documents
which are no longer within its folds :—
Abstracts of Leases etc. | in | Withey vide Fol. iv | Cheddon. Fol.
xviij | Bradford Fol. xxviij | Beckington 48.
Exchanges 25 & 30 . . . to Jn° Steevens p’ M' Hall now William
Crook fo. 39. Purchases in Bradford beyond xxvij. Parish School lease
fo. 36.
8. Ind're of Lease dat. 19 Sept. 10 Anne 1711. Dame Mary Lisle of
Holt in P. of B., wid., and Edward Lisle of Crooks Easton, co. S’hampton,
By Canon EH. P. Knubley. 403
lease for £10 to Paul Methuen the younger of Bradford, one acre of arable
land in Berfeild in P. of B., being late parcell of a Coppiehold tenement of
Jane Yerbury, wid. dec’d, and one acre of arable land wherein John Orpen
claims an estate by copy of Court Roll for the lives of Mary Heyward and
Rebecca now wife of sd John. which two acres join lands of Jonathan
Tyler and Anthony Methwen, for 99 years or for the lives of Paul Methuen
and Henry and Sarah, his son and dau. after the deaths of Mary Heyward
and Rebecca Orpen. Rent 1° for first acre. Herriott 28. And for the other
accre one barley corne. Sigs. M. I.. the mark of Dame Mary Lisle. and
Edward Lisle. Wits. John Harris, John Whatley.
9. Deed of Assignment dat. 16 June 1 Geo. [. 1715. Ref. In’dre dat.
99 Sept. 1712 by which Anthony Methwen assigned to Edward Deverell of
B. mason a tent containing one lower roome one chamber one Garrett with
Buttery adjoining which ten' by Ind’re dat. 22 Jan. 1712 E. D. assigned to
William Bailey of B., mercer, now W. B. for £12 assigns the tent to William
Spender the younger of B. victualler. Sig. W™ Baily. Wits. John
Whatly, Mary Whatly.
10. Ind’re of Lease dat. 22 February 8 Geo. I. 1721. The Right Hon.
Rachel Pierrepont, wid. Countess of Kingston, leases to Thomas Methuen,
Ksq., Edward Thresher Esq., John Thresher Esq. Paul Methuen Esq.
James Druce, clothier, James Wheeler, dyer, the Rev. Robert Louet, clerk,
and the Rev. John Rogers, clerk, all of Bradford co. Wilts, for the sum of
£40, a mess. in Great ‘l'rowle in P. of B., a meadow adjoining called Home
Close, 4a., a meadow also called Home Close, 4a., lying in front of the mess.
having only the lane parting it from lands of the s’d Countess, a meadow,
la., in a close called Withem, a pasture called Forefeild, a close called
Forefeild, 1a., a pasture called Hellies, 3a., a close of arable called Bitch
Croft, la., a pasture, 4a. in a close called Moonehedge, one yard of pasture
in the same close, arable land, la. in Avonfeild, arable, 1a. in the same field,
arable, 4a. in Marten Pitt, 4a. in Elmes Crossfeild, 3a. arable in the same feild
shooting against the highway from Bradford to Wingfeild, 3a. arable in
the same feild, 3 yards arable lately enclosed by Robert Harvy, together
with other lands out of Elmes Crossfeild, with common of pasture for 6
beasts and 30 sheep in Trowle Common and also all other commons, etc.,
to the said mess. belonging, all in the Tything of Great Trowle in the P. of
B., except timber, etc., mines, quarries, and royalties and except 3 acres of
arable in Avonfeild and a close called St. Margaretts Moore, 2a., both lately
belonging to the s’d mess., to hold on expiration of term of 99 years granted
to John Hall of Bradford, dec’d, and Edward Wadman the elder, late of
Wingfeild, co. Wilts, gent. dec’d, by indenture dat. 25 July, 1706, terminable
on deaths of Edward Wadman and John and Edward, sons of Robert
- Wadman, late of Imber, co. Wilts, Esq., dec’d, for 99 years or on life of
Joseph, aged 14 years, son of William Dicke, of B. carpenter. Rent 15s. 4d.,
Herriott, £5. Sig. and seal R. Kingston. Wits., Rich* Knight, W™ Grant.
Endorsed Lease of Troll living. |
In the above deed, the names of Edward Wadman, gent., William Brewer,
Iisq., Mr. William Wallis, Robert Harvy, Barton Farm, the Lady Lisle and
Mr. Anthony Methuen occur as owners of land ; and as tenants, William
404 The Society's MSS.—Bradford.
Perry, John Coale, Georg Dick, Margaret Watts, Mary Baily, Thomas
Townesend, Robert Harvy, Edward Davis, and William Grant. of
11. Ind’re Tripartite dat. 23 May 20 Geo. I. 1726 Counterpart. On |
surr. of former lease dat. 20 July 1724 and for £80 the Hon. Ann wid. of |
the Rev. Nathan Wrighte, with the consent of the Hon. Ann Lady Powlett
wid, both of Englefield co. Berks, grants to Thomas Methuen of Bradford |
co. Wilts, Esq., a mess now converted in several ten‘ in B. near the church: |
yard and called Coombes, a close with pigeon house 3a. adjoining, 2a. arable |
Paul Methuen aged 23 years. Rent 26s. 8d. Herriott 53s.4d The Rent |
to be beside the Quit Rent of 4d. Sig. Thomas Methuen. Wits., Randolvh |
Webb, Randen England. Endorsed, Surrendered. 3 9
12. Lease for a year dat. 19 June 1 Geo. II. 1727. Thomas Bright of |
Holt, P. Bradford, yeoman, grants a lease for one year to the same parties |
and of the same closes as in (13). Sig. Thomas Bright. Wits. Samuell }
Shrapnell, Geo. Brewer. |
13. Ind’re dat. 20 June 1 Geo. II. 1727. Thomas Bright of Holt, in |
Methuen Esq., John Thresher Esq., John Rogers, clerk, Paul Methuen, |
and living within the Borough of B., to read, write, and arithmetick yearly, |
and is paid to Thomas Bright for the purpose of premises after mentioned. |
£38 are part of a sum of £100 given by the last will of William Yerbury, |
of Trowbridge, co. Wilts, gent., dec’d to the churchwardens and overseers |
of the poor of the P. of B. to purchase a Rent Charge of £5 p a. to be |
settled for payment of 20s. on every Friday for five weeks in Lent to be |
distributed amongst the poor of the P. in bread for ever and are paid by
the churchwardens and overseers to Thomas Bright towards securing part |
of the yearly sum of £5, and Thomas Bright sells to Thomas Methuen ete., |
3 closes of meadow lying together called Great Beckerley, Little Beckerley, |
and Bench, in whole 9 a. adjoining land of Edward Lisle Esq. N., to |
Rowmene Lane E., to lands of Mr. Bench and to lands of Wid. Godwin W,, |
and to lands of James Baily S., in Holt in the parish of B. and were lat
in the occ. of John Chapman as ten‘ to Caleb Baily, who granted the same |
in fee to Thomas Bright and are now in ten. of Jeremiah Godwin, To hold |
in trust that they shall yearly pay 38s. to the churchwardens and overseers |
of the poor of the P. of B. toward making up the sum of £5 to be distributed |
a
By Canon EL. P. Knubley. 405
in bread and that they shall apply the remainder of the rents towards the
teaching of ten poor children not receiving alms and living in the Borough
of b. Except only a term of 7 years dat. from 29 September last past of
lease granted to Jeremiah Godwin for rent of £12 to be paid to the Trustees.
Sigs. and seals of all the parties. Wits. John Brewer, Tho. Stevens,
Samuell Shrapnel], Geo. Brewer.
14. Lease in Reversion dat. 12 Nov. 2 Geo. II. 1728 (damaged).
Edward Lisle of Holt, Esq., leases to Paul Methuen of Bradford,
for £6s. 6s., the Revertion of, one acre of pasture in Berg .. . in the P. of
B. being parcell of a coppyhold estate of one Mary Hayward and late of
Rebecca Orpen within the Mannour of Holt, Bradford and . . . lease
date 19 September 1711 (8) granted by Dame Mary Lisle, wid. dec’d, and
Edward Lisle . . . Easton Esq. dec’d to Paul Methuen for 99 years or
for the life of Henry his son and after his death for the lives of Anne and
Mary daus. of Paul Methuen. Rent6d. Fine £6 6s, Sig. and seal Edward
Lisle. Wits. John Madders, Tho. Sartain.
15. Lease for a year dat. 22 May 5 Geo. IJ. 1732. Edward Lisle of
Crooks Easton, co. S’hampton Esq., for 5s. grants to Paul Methuen of
Bradford, clothier, one acre of arable in Berfeild in the P. of B., being
formerly coppyhold ten' of Jane Yerbury wid. dec’d, and one acre of arable
wherein John Orpen formerly claimed estate for the lives of Mary Hayward
and Rebecca his wife, the two acres lying together and adjoining lands of
the late Jonathan Tyler, N. and.8., to the highway from B. to Thranckly,
E. and to lands of the late Anthony Methuen, W. Rent one pepper corn.
Sig. and seal, Edward Lisle. Wits., Tho. Beach, Jno. Wiltshire, Nicholas
Stone.
16. Deed of Release dat. 23 May 5 Geo. II. 1732. Edward Lisle, of
Crooks Easton, co. S’}hampton, Esq., for £15, releases to Paul Methuen, of
Bradford, co. Wilts, clothier, the two acres(15). Ref. lease dat. 19 Sept.
1711 (8). Sig. and seal Edward Lisle. Wits., Tho, Beach, Jno. Wiltshire,
Nicholas Stone.
17. Ind’re of Lease dat. 7 August 13 Geo. IJ. 1739. Powlett Wrighte,
of Englefield, co. Berks, Esq. to Jacob Selfe, of Bradford, Esq., administra-
tor of Thomas Methuen, Esq. dec’d in trust for Paul his son. Ref. lease
dat. 23 May 1726 grants a mess. now converted into a Workhouse in Brad-
ford, further particulars see (11), for 99 years or for the lives of Paul
Methuen aged 16, Henry Methuen aged 36, and John aged 16, son of
George Hutchings, of B., clothier, in trust for the purposes declared in the
last will of Anthony, grandfather of Paul Methuen. Rent 46° 84. Heriot
53° 44, The Rent to be beside the Quit Rent of 4°, Sig. & seal, Powlett
Wrighte. Wits. John Prince, William Clapham.
In the above deed the names of Francis Yerbury, Elizabeth Jones, wid.,
Barton Farm, the Duke of Kingston, Samuel Davisson and Christopher
Ferris occur as owners of land; and as tenants, Matthew Smith, James
Foord, and Manasseh Whitehead.
18. Im’dre of Release in Fee (unexecuted) dat.—184— Refs. Act of
Parliament 4 Vict. ‘‘ An Act for rendering a Release as effectual for the
MoO XLII——NO, CXLV. 10)
406 The Society's MSS.— Bradford.
Conveyance of Freehold Estates as a Lease and Release by the same parties.”
And In’d’res of lease and Release dat. 24 & 25 May, 1836 Parties, Paul
Baron Methuen then P. M. Esq., Paul Mildmay first son of P. M. by his
wife Jane Dorethea, & John Swarbreck, gent.—Paul Baron Methuen of
Corsham House, co. Wilts, for £40 releases to Jacob Holder, of B., carpen-
ter, 2 Cotts, carpenter’s shop and gardens at Hill Corner, Bradford Leigh.
No sig. or Wits.
19. Ind’re of Lease dat. 25 March 18 Geo. II. 1745. Paul Methuen
of Bradford, Esq., for 5%. grants to John Marks, of New Town in B., two
ruinous cotts. in New Town, one formerly in poss. of Thomas Bishop, who
held by lease under one Titcombe, the other, formerly in poss. of Thomas
Horton, decd. and late of Richard his son, granted by Grace Pearce of the
City of London, Wid. for the lives of Thomas Horton and Thomas and
Richard his sons, called Two field housing in Catshill, together with a little
plot of ground extending from the chimney of the s’d Two field housing
round the N. end of the Mess. unto the Conygere, as by lease dat 22
August, 1673, for the lives of John and George, sons of John Marks and
John, aged 2 yrs, son of James Grips, of B., clothworker. Rent 6° 84 and
J. M. undertakes to rebuild the ten’. Sig. and seal P. Methuen. Wits. J.
Selfe, Dan. Clutterbuck.
20. Counterpart of Lease dat. 25 March 18 Geo. II., 1745. The same
particulars as in (19).
Sig., the mark of John X Marks. Wits., John Palmer, Dan. Clutterbuck.
Endorsed, John Marks 34, George Marks 21, John Grips 2 years.
21. Marriage Settlement between William Stevens and Mary Methuen,
dat. 28 March 27 Geo. IT., 1754. 5 Membranes. Ind're of 5 parts. David
Lea of Bradford, gent., lst part, William Hevens of B., nephew of David
Lea, 2nd part, Paul Methuen of B., Esq., 3rd part, Mary his dau., spinster,
4th part, George Dike, of Waterhouse, P. of B., Esq., and Henry Fisher of
Limpley Stoke, P. B., 5th part. In view of the impending marriage between
William Stevens and Mary Methuen, besides certain sum of money, the
following parcels of land are brought into the Settlement, 3 dwelling houses
with barns, etc., adjoining at Frankley, P. of B., formerly in poss. Joseph
Hull and now of David Lea, Elizabeth Jones, wid., and Charles Comely
his ten’, together with a close called Whatley’s Mead, 12a, 3r. l1p., pur-
chased of Charles Tyley, dec’d, and rep’ of Joseph Hull, 2 closes called
Middle Mead and Long Mead, 6a. 2r. 14p., a close called Great Leighe,
18a. Ir. 5p., a close called Barn Close, 3a. 2r. 32p, a close called Home
Close, 5a., a close called Orchard Close, 2a. 2r., and a close called Whatley’s
Mead, 3a. 3r., in the whole 52a., in the Tithings of Winsley and Woolly,
also a dwelling house and barn in the Tything of Winsley, and a close called
lower Banbury Leighe, 6a. 20p., a close called upper Banbury Leigh, 9a. 6p.,
a close called Horse Leaze, 8a. 3r. 23p., a close called Sixteen Acres, 15a. 3p.,
a close called Broad Leighs, 7a. 8r., a close called Great Forestreet, 7a. Ir., 8p.,
a close called the Piece, 5a. Ir. 18p., a close called the Grove, 6a. Ir. 8p.,
and a close called Great Wood, 13a. 26p., in the whole 79a. 19p., and all in
the 'Tything of Winsley, also, subject to a term of 21 years granted to Ellin
By Canon HE. P. Knubley. 407
‘Thresher, wid., a close called Long Close or Symonds Parrock, ‘7a., in the
Tything of Winsley, formerly in poss. of Moses Cottle, having the road
leading from Winsley Lands to Great Ashley, N.W., and lands of David
Lea, N.E. & 8.
Sigs. and seals of all the parties. Wits., Ann Methuen, Dan. Clutterbuck.
22. Bargain of Sale for one year dat. 23 Dec., 30 Geo. II., 1756. Same
parties and property as (23). Sigs., George Dike, Dan. Clutterbuck. Wits.,
W™ Pryer, Geo. Biggs.
23. Deed of Conveyance dat. 24 Dec. 30 Geo. II., 1756. George Dike
of Waterhouse, Esq., and Daniel Clutterbuck, gent., both of Bradford,
executors of the last will of Paul Methuen, dat. 9 Nov., 1754, convey to
Thomas Leir of Ditchett, co. Somerset, clerk, John Rogers of Warminster,
clerk, Edward Poore of Rushall, Esq., William Stevens of Frankly, P. of B.,
gent., and Sarah and Ann, daus. of P.M., both of Frankly, a piece of free-
thold land purchased of Edward Lisle, Esq., called Berfield Tyning, 2a., and
a leasehold mess. and 2a. called Berfield, P. of B. Sigs. and seals of all the
parties. Wits., W™ Pryer, Geo. Biggs, John White.
Letter enclosed (undated). Mr. Methuen and Mr. Stevens agree that
some Trifling sum sh¢ be paid for Berfield to the ex™*; and tog" with old
Mr. Poore, Mr. Rogers, Mr. Leir, and the ex™ sho* join in a Conveyance
and Release to Mr. Stevens or Mrs. Bailward for that p’pose, w’chever Mr.
Stevens and Mr. Clutterbuck sh4 agree upon.
24. Ind’re dat. 12 Dec. 1 Geo. III. 1760, Parties Paul Methuen of
‘Corsham, Esq., and William Morris of Bromham, Esq., Relates to a close
of pasture called Bagshott bottom 2a.and 3 closes called the Croft, P.
‘Corsham. Sigs. P. Methuen, W™ Morris. Wits., Dan. Clutterbuck, Richard
Benchey, Thomas Barnes.
[N.B.—This deed is much damaged by water and almost illegible].
25. Copy of Court Roll Manor of Bradford. View of Frank Pledge
& Ct. Bar., of Paul Methuen Esq. held there 6 May 18 Geo. III. 1778 by
Daniel Clutterbuck gent., steward. Thomas one of the sons of Thomas
Haskell dec’d claims for his own life by copy of Ct. Roll dat. 27 April 1738,
a mess. called Danitons on Whitehill, P. B. and surrenders the same. Grant
of s’d mess. to Benjamin Fisher, of Bradlie, co. Wilts, millman, for his own
life and the lives of James aged 10 and George aged 4 years his sons. Rent
5s. Herriott 3s. 4d. Fine £16. Examined Dan. Clutterbuck, steward,
Endorsed Benjamin Fishers Copy.
26. Counterpart of Lease dat. 17 Oct. 18 Geo. III.1778. Paul Methuen
of Corsham Esq , for £12 leases to Stephen Bowyer of Bradford, yeoman,
acott. with garden on Whitehill P. B. formerly in poss. of Joan Morris
‘wid. & now of John Filder after expiration of lease dat. 24 Nov. 1737
granted by Powlett Wrighte of Englefield co. Berks Esq., to John father of
John Filder pipemaker, for 99 years or for the lives of Thomas aged 12 and
Ann aged 10 years son & dau. of Stephen Bowyer. Rent 5s. Herriott 1s.
Fine £6. Sig. Stephen Bowyer, Wits. Thos. Carter, ‘Thos. Timbrell, jun‘,
27. Counterpart of Lease dat. 25 March 20 Geo. III. 1780. Paul
Methuen of Corsham Esq. Lord of the Manor of Bradford for £21 leases
De Re 2
408 The Society's MSS — Bradford.
to James Read of Trowbridge, clothier, a tent formerly in poss. of William
Baily but now two ten‘ in poss. of Stephen Hart & — Jones broadweavers
at Bradford Lye in Tything of Leigh and Woolley P. and Manor of B. for
99 years or for the lives of Betty aged 29 Thomas aged 28 and John aged
20 sons and dau. of James Read. Rent &s. Herriott 5s. Sig. Js. Read.
Wits. Dan! Clutterbuck, Thomas Carter. Endorsed (1) A lease for 99 years
from 25th March 1788 of 5 tenements & garden, originally 4 tenements on
Bradford Leigh granted by Powlett Wrighte to Mr. William Read. (2) Mr.
Thos. Blake, for 3 lives will give no more than 5s.
28. Lease for a year dat. 7 Aug. 29 Geo, III. 1789. The game parties.
and the same property as (29).
29. Ind're of Six Parts, dat. 8 Aug. 29 Geo. III. 1789. The Rev.
Thomas Leir of Ditcheat, co. Somerset, clerk, eldest s. & h. of Thomas Leir,.
clerk, dec’d, Ist part, the Rev. John Rogers of Berkeley, co. Somerset, eldest
s. & h. of John Rogers of Warminster, clerk, dec’d, 2nd part, Edward Poore,.
of Wedhampton, Hsq., eldest s. & h of Edward Poore, of Rushall, Esq dec’d,
8rd part, William Stevens, of Frankley in the P. of Bradford, gent, 4th
part, Paul Methuen, of Holt, Esq., nephew and heir of Sarah & Ann,
spinsters, of Frankley, dec’d, daus. of the late Paul Methuen of B,, 5th part,.
and Samuel Bailward, of Hornington, co. Somerset, Ksq., and Anna Maria
his wife, the only child of William Stevens by Mary his late wife, who was.
sister of Sarah and Ann Methuen, 6th part. Ref. to last will of Paul
Methuen, of Bradford, dat 9th November, 1754 who bequeathed to George
Dike and Daniel Clutterbuck, freehold land, 2a. purchased from Edward
Lisle, in Birfield Tyning, P. b., in trust to sell and divide the proceeds in
certain proportions bet. his two daus., Sarah and Ann, and his four sons-in-.
law Thomas Leir, John Rogers, Edward Poore, and William Stevens. KHef..
Ind’re of Lease and Release dat. 23 and 24 December 1756, (22 & 23), between
the trustees and the legatees, recites that they agree not to sell but to take
conveyance and it was finally agreed that the premises be conveyed to
Samuel Bailwood in trust for his wife Anna Maria.
Sigs. & seals of all the parties. Wits. Vary Baskerville, Paul Leir, W™
Finall, John Gunston, Roger Barnes, Joseph Smith, J. Onridge, W. Gibbons.
30. Lease in Reversion dat. 4 July 31 Geo. III. 1791. Paul Methuen
of Corsham, Esq , for the sum of £5, grants to Susanna, wid of Isaac Batten,.
mason of Bradford, a dwelling house in Newtown, Bradford, lately in occ.
of John Marks, since of Betty Watson, late wid. of John Marks. now in
occ. of William Elliott, Ann Bull, John Morris, James Hancock, Ann
Tucker, Thomas Totem, Richard Alderwick as tenants, which dwelling-.
house was rebuilt by John Marks ona spot of ground where two ruinous
cottages formerly stood(19 & 20). Rent 13s. 4d. Sig. and seal P. Methuen
Wit. Dan, Clutterbuck.
31. Counterpart of Lease dat. 16 June 40 Geo. III. 1800. Paul Cobb.
Methuen of Corsham House, Ksq., for £5, leases to Thomas Spender Stratton
of B. taylor,a mess.in New Town P. and Borough of B. with the little:
barton lying before the door 15ft. by 15ft., a little strip of ground 18ft. by
6ft. and garden 30ft. by 12ft. for 99 years or for the lives of Sarah dau. of
By Canon EL. P. Knubley. 409
Sarah Spender wid., John Spender and Betty Stratton. Rent 5s. Herriot
$s. Sig. Thos. Spender Stratten. Wits. Edw. Michell, Wm. Royle.
32. Deed of Covenant 2 membranes dat. 8 May 1818 between the Rt.
Hon. Charles Herbert Earl Manvers and Paul Methuen of Corsham House,
Esq. Recites as a bill is pending in Parliament for enclosing Atworth or
Atford Common, Bradford Leigh and Forwards Common all in P. of B.
and as differences have arisen between the parties as to the right to the
soil of Bradford Leigh and Forwards Common, they agree in order to ter-
minate such differences to refer the fixing of such rights or proportions to
arbitration or umpirage and, before 8 August next, each to nominate an
indifferent person to act as referees and the referees to appoint an umpire
in case they shall not agree and that their award shall be final, the costs of
the award to be in the discretion of the refereesand umpire. Sigs. & seals,
Manvers, Paul Methuen. Wits. W™ Moore, John Bush.
33. Copy of Court Roll, Manor Bradford. View of Frankpledge and
Ct. Bar. of Paul Methuen, Esq., held there 3 July 1819 before John Bush,
gent, steward, Homage Thomas Webb, Jeremiah Batten. Surr. by Elizabeth
Gee of copyhold mess. called Daintons, on Whitehill within the Manor and
P. of B., formerly in occ. of Joan Banny wid,, dec’d, now of Elizabeth Gee
and . . . Bradfield and grant to James Crisp of Bradford, for lives of
James, aged 51, and George, aged 45, sons of Benjamin Fisher. Rent 5s.
Heriot 13s. 4d.,and James Crisp pays Elizabeth Gee £90. Examined John
Bush, Steward.
34. Lease for a year dat. 23 Feb. 1826, The same parties and property
as (35). :
35. Deed of Release in Fee dat. 25 Feb. 1826. Paul Methuen. of
Corsham House, Esq., for £40, releases to Jane Warman of B., gentleman,
a dwelling house and small garden in the middle rank of Newton, P. of B.,
in occ. of Cornelius Suddery, having dwelling house of Simon Mizon, E.,
and dwelling house of Mr. John Renison, W. Sig. & seal Paul Methuen.
Wit. John Bush, solicitor, Bradford.
36. Lease for 99 years absolute dat. 20 Aug. 1835. Paul Methuen of
Corsham House, Esq., Lord of the Manor of B., and as such representative
of the original Founder of the Charity called the Old Almshouse leases for
99 years to Thomas Hosier Saunders of B., Esq., Edward Cooper of
Staverton P., Trowbridge Esq, William Adye of B., surgeon, a parcel of
land adjoining Great Poulton belonging to Sir John Cam Hobhouse, Bt.,
and a mess. with workshops, gas house tanks, etc., erected by a lately
formed Company called the Bradford Gas & Coke Co. Rent £10. Sig.
Paul Methuen, Wits. John Houseman, Stephen Kent.
37. Deed of Conveyance dat. 22 Oct. 1853. Charles Bailey, 5 Stratford
Place, co. Middlesex, the surviving Devisee in trust of the last will of Paul,
Baron Methuen, of Corsham House, to Daniel Jones, builder, and Stephen
Gishford, tailor and draper, both of B. Ref. lease dat, 25 March 1791, by
which Paul Methuen Esq. grants to John Jones, mason of B., a close called
the Grove in P. of B. lately belonging to Busbury for 99 years. Rent
£1 14s. 4d., and 6 messuages were afterwards erected on the ground and
410 The Socety’s MSS.—Corsham.
the rent divided between them. Ref. to last will of Paul, Lord Methuen,
dat. 8 Oct. 1848, by which, except for the lease of the mess. hereafter
described, devised all his other real property to William, Earl of Radnor;
Humphrey Saint John Mildmay and Charles Bailey upon trust to sell and
add the proceeds to his residuary estate, Recites that Paul, lord Methuen,
died 14 Sept. 1849 and will proved in Prerogative Court of Canterbury 22
November 1849. Refs. Deed Poll dat. 6 December 1849 by which William,
Karl of Radnor, renounces the bequests made in the s’d will, to a sale at the
Swan Hotel, Bradford on 22 July last past at which Lot No. 7 was bought
by Daniel Jones and Stephen Gishford for £21 and to death of Humphrey
St. John Mildmay, leaving Charles Bailey sole surviving devisee in trust.
and he grants the dwelling house with washhouseand garden. Rent £1 Is. 4d.
Sigs. Chas. Bailey, Daniel Jones, Stephen Gishford. Wits. Thos. H¥
Cooper, surgeon, Lynton, Devon; George Martin, clerk of Mr. Bush, solicitor,
Bradford. Endorsed, Memorandum. Ref. Ind’re dat. 26 April 1859,
between Frederick Henry Paul, Baron Methuen, and Daniel Jones and
Stephen Gishford after reciting that Lord Methuen was entitled to the
custody of the deeds, it was agreed that this covenant be at anend. Dat.
13 May 1859. Sigs. Daniel Jones, Stephen Gishford. Wit. Thomas Ridgeley.
38. Deed of Covenant dat. 26 April 1859. Frederick Henry Paul,
Baron Methuen, of Corsham Court, covenants with Daniel Jones, builder,
and Stephen Gishford, tailor & draper, both of Bradford for production of
Title Deed (37) relating toa mess. and garden at Torey in Bradford in sub-
stitution of a covenant entered into by Charles Bailey, Esq., for the like
purpose. Sig. Methuen. Wits. H’ Jordan Thornhill), Lincoln’s Inn Sol".
CoRSHAM.
1. Copy of Will and Probate of William Cobb, of Lincoln’s Inn, co.
Middlesex, dat. 23 Aug. 37 Elizabeth, 1595. Bequeaths to the poor of the
parish of St Michael, Bassishaw, City of London, 40°, ‘To his brother
Hdward Cobb & his sister Hardie, each £10, to his brother Edward his best
grograyne gowne, his best cloake, his best Satten Dublitt and his best
hoose. To his son William Cobb, his greater Seale Ringe with the Aggott.
To his two daus. Katherine & Marie, each 40%. The residue of his personal
estate to be divided in three equal parts. One part for his well beloved
wife Alice Cobb. Another part, equally among his four children, William,
Marie, Margaret, & Elizabeth “ accordinge to the custome of the cittie of
London.” And of the other third part he bequeaths to his wife £200. ‘To
his son William, £800 and all his books. To his daus. Katherine,
Marie, Margaret, and Elizabeth, each £100. And the residue of the third —
to be equally divided between his wife and children. But if all his child-
ren die in infancy and unmarried, he bequeaths to his brother Edward
£200. To be divided equally among his brother’s children £200. To his
sisters Hardie & Kinton, each £100. To Thomas Page, his sister Hardie’s
son, £100. To the parson and churchwardens of the parish of St Michael,
Bassishaw, £100 for the poor in bread weekly delivered to the company of
Whitebakers of London. The residue to his wife, if alive, and if dead to be
By Canon #. P, Knubley. 411
divided equally between his brother Edward and his sister Hardie. He
appoints his wife and son William executors and he makes his loving son-
in-law Richard Stone and his very loving friend William Champion, his
overseers. And he gives to each of his overseers, 50°. His Real Estate he
bequeaths to son William in entail. And failing issue to his wife for her
life and after her decease to his two daus, Katherine and Mary. His dau.
Marie was to be paid £100, which he owed her, being the gift of his son
John Welles. Sig. William Cobb. Wits. William Brooke, Notary Public,
Robert Thorpe & Thomas Bradshawe.
Proved in the Prerogative Court of John, Archbishop of Canterbury, 22
Dec. 1597, William Woodhall, Reg.
2. Copy of Will and Probate of Alice Cobb, of the parish of St. Michael,
Bashingshawe in London, wid., Dat. 6 July 20 James, of England and 55 of
Scotland 1622 leaves her soul to God and her body to be buried in her
Parish Church near her late husband. 30 gowns to 30 poor women who shall
attend her funeral. £3 amongst the poorest who shall attend her funeral
“by three pence a poor.” 40s. amongst the poorest of the parish on the day
of her funeral at the discretion of the churchwardens and overseers of the
poor. To the Common Stock of the parish £10 towards the annual relief
of the poor, to Christ’s Hospital 40s., and to the poor prisoners of Newgate,
Ludgate, and in the Counpters in London, 40s. a poore. To the poor of
Adderbury, Oxford £10. To her dau. Margaret, wife of Sir Richard
Cholmeley, Kt., an annuity of £20 charged on tens in Brockas June or
Packett Court in the P. of St. Bridgett or St. Bride’s, Fleet Street, London.
All her property in London, Evesham, Worcester, Waddesden, & Westcott,
Buckingham, which she purchased of Sir Francis Goodwynn, Kt., to her
son William for life and then to William Cobb, her grandchild in entail.
To her dau. Katherine Russell, her ring of gold set with a Turkie and £200.
To her grandchild, Richard Stone, £200 “ which his father doth owe me by
bond.” To William, Katherine, & Lucy Stone, her grandchildren, £50
apiece. ‘lo Judith Stone, her grandchild, £100. ‘To her grandchild, Charles,
son of Nicholas Barnestey & of her dau. dec’d, £50. ‘To Sir Richard
Cholmley, Kt., her son-in-law. £300. To her grandchild Richard Cholmley,
£50 and to William his brother, £100. ‘To her dau. Margaret, a ring of
gold set with a ‘lurkie and her chain of gold. To her cosen Parrett, her
brother Weild’s dau. £5, and to her dau., 20s. ‘To her cosen Margaret
Emmett, 30s. ‘To her brother Weild’s wife, 20s. ‘To her cosen William
Weild the elder son of her brother 40s., and to his sister Elizabeth, £10, and
to his other four children 20s. apiece. To Edward Cobb, brother of her
late husband, 40s. ‘I'o his dau. Elizabeth, 30s. She forgives her brother
~ Weild £100 which he owed her. ‘To Winifrede & Alice, her grandchildren,
daughters of William Cobb, £200 apiece. And to her son William, her
gold ring set with a saphire. Her residuary estate to her son William, who
is appointed sole executor and for overseers she appoints her well-beloved
friends, John Stone, of London, Esq., Counsellor-at-Law and Rowland
Baught, of the Inner Temple, London, Esq , and to either of them gives £3
apiece. Sig, Alice Cobb.
412 The Society’s MSS.—Corsham.
Proved in the Prerogative Court of George, Archbishop of Canterbury,
10 Oct. 1627. Edmund Woodhall, Registrar.
3. Ind’re Quadrip’tite, 20 Jan, 1656. Sir William Cobb., of Adderbury,
Oxford, Kt., Thomas Cobb, Esq. his s. & h., Francis, James, and Anthony,
other sons, of the first pt., Sir Richard Onslow, of West Clandon, Surrey,
Kt., and Arthur Onslow his s. & h., of the second pt., Katherine Onslow,
one of the daus. of the third pt., Henry Onslow, second son & Ralph Wilde,
of London, gent., of the fourth pt. lef. marriage between Thomas Cobb
& Katherine Onslow & Sir Richard Onslow to give £2,500 as marriage
portion & Sir William Cobb to settle £350 a year as jointure, charged on
280 acres, called Waddesden Closes in the parish of Waddesden, Bucking-
ham. Also a capital messuage in Fleet. Street, London, called Broad Inn,
with houses in the parish of St. Bride also Bridgett in Fleet Street, now in
poss, of Sir Richard Pecksall, Kt. & Pecksall Brockad, Esq. Also six ten™
in the P. of St. Andrew in the ward of Castle Baynard, London, eight mess*
in Fetterlane or Fewterlane in the P. of St. Andrew in Holborne. Three
mess* in Rose Alley in Fetterlane. Three mess* in the P. of St. Michael in
Baseyshawe in the City of London. Another tenement in the same parish.
One tenement in Thames Street in the City of London. The Manor of
Adderbury, Oxford. Also messuages in Marstowe or Merstowe Street in
Evesham, Worcester. Sigs. Richard Onslow, Arthur Onslow, Katherine
Onslow, Henry Onslow.
4. Copy of Will and Probate of Dame Ann, wife of Sir George Cobb, of
Adderbury, Oxford, Bart. Dat. 16 Oct., 1749. Bequeaths to her husband
£100, and to her son, Joseph Langton, all her estate at Moreton, Gloucester,
given her by her late father, in tail for ever, also £300. ‘lo her dau., Ann,
wife of John Blagrave, £300, also her gold cup. To her son-in-law, John
Blagrave, £20. To her dau., Christian, wife of Paul Methuen, £300 also
her Diamond Buckle. To her son-in-law, Paul Methuen, £20. To her
dau., Francis Hotchkins, £50. To her grandau., Francis Fooke, spinster,
£150, also her suit of dressing plate and a pair of silver candlesticks,
snuffers, and snuffer pan. To her cousin, Catherine Barrett, of Bath, £5.
To the poor of the parish of Bushton, Somerset, £5. To the poor of
Adderbury, £5. And £50 for erecting a monument for herself and her
first husband and desired their arms and two cameos thereon. She requests
her now husband, Sir George Cobb, to bury her at Newton Church in the
same grave with her first husband, the funeral to be in the night time, as
privately as possible and without bearers. ‘he residue of her personal
estate she bequeaths to be equally divided between her two daus.. whom
she appoints joint executrixes. Sig. Ann Cobb. Proved at the Preroga-
tive Court of Thomas, Archbishop of Canterbury, 1 August, 1750. Wm.
Legard, Pet. St Elvy, Hen. Stevens, Registrars.
5. Declaration of Trust, 30 April, 1763, between Paul Methuen and
Christian, his wife. Ref. the late Sir George Cobb of Adderbury, Oxford,
by will dat. 3 July, 1761, bequeathed to Paul Methuen and his executors
one moiety of his personal estate in trust to pay to his son-in-law Paul
Methuen £250 and to pay the interest on the remainder to his dau.,
Christian Methuen, and appointed John Blagrave, Esq., and Paul Methuen,
By Canon EL, P, Knubley. 413
Hsq., executors, who proved the will in the prerogative court of the Arch-
bishop of Canterbury. ‘The one moiety of the clear surplus of his personal
estate to which his dau. Christian was entitled, paid to Paul Methuen her
trustee consisted of £5,000, part of £12,000, secured by a mortgage made by
Ouier Small, Esq., of the Manor of Fordnam, Norfolk, £1,500 New South
Sea Annuities, £500 South Sea Stock, £1,500 Kast India Annuities and 60
shares in the London Assurance, together with any further sums that might
be paid to Messrs. Hoare & Co., Bankers, Fleet Street, London. Sig., Paul
Methuen. Wits., Wm. Roos, Thos. Mainwaring.
Endorsement dat. 3 March, 1768, that the £5,000 lent on mortgage to
Mr. Smith had been paid in, that the next three securities had been sold
and that £11,000 had been lent to Thomas Popkin, Esq., on mortgage upon
his estates in the cos. of Glamorgan, Pembroke, Caermarthen and Cardigan,
by deed dat. 2 March instant. Paul Methuen declares that the £11,000
should be taken as part of his wife’s own money and that no part belonged
to himself. Sigs., Paul Methuen, Christian Methuen. Wit., Sam. Dixon.
6. Declaration of Trust, 30 April, 1763, between the same parties as (5),
relates the same transactions, carries the same endorsement, and bears the
same signatures.
7. Copy of Court Roll, dat. 21 Oct. 12 Geo. III. 1772. Manor of
Corsham. Ct. Leet. and View of Frank Pledge of Paul Methuen, Esq.,
held there before Henry Merewether, Steward. On the death of William
Moody, his wid. Lose, who states that Anne Mountjoy is their only dau.
and heir, claims poss. for life of a cott., garden, orchard and backside at
Woodlands, ‘containing one Foundell. Fine 1* 14 and is admitted tenant.
Sig., Hen. Merewether, Steward. Endorsed, sold to Mr. Dickenson and
surr. 25 Oct' 1786.
8. Copy of Court Roll dat. 19 Nov. 14 Geo. III. 1773. Manor of
Corsham. Ct. Baron of Paul Methuen, Esq., held there, Henry Merewether,
gent., steward, surr. by John Hancock Taylor, Thomas, his son, Philippa
Smith, wid., and John Hancock, of Westwells Kast, eldest son of late John
Hancock, Gent, Tenants, of ground and cottage in Town Tything, lately
occ. by John Hancock Taylor and now by Thomas Hancock. Re-grant to
Philippa Smith. Fine for cottage 14 and for land 14", Examined by Hen.
Merewether, Stew?, :
9. Copy of Court Roll dat. 27 October 14 Geo, IIL. 1773. Manor of
Corsham. Ct. Leet & view of Frank Pledge with Ct. Baron of Paul Methuen,
Esq. held there. Henry Merewether, gent., Steward, surr. by John, son of
William Hancock, dec’d, tenant, of pasture land, with cott. occ. by John
Hancock, in Town Tything. lRe-grant to Philippa Smith, wid., Fine for
cottage ld. and for land lqr. Examined by Hen. Merewether, Steward.
10. Copy of Court Roll dat. 19 Nov. 14 Geo. III. 1773. Manor of
Corsham, Ct. Baron of Paul Methuen, Esq., held there. Henry Merewether,
gent., Steward, surr. by John Hancock, labourer, son of John Hancock
Taylor, Tenant, of a cott., lately occ. by Thomas Hancock (another son of
John Hancock Taylor), with garden 5 luggs together with the way to the
well over the garden, now in the poss. of John Selman with the use of the
414 The Society’s MSS.—Corsham.
said well, in Town Tything. Re-grant to Philippa Smith, wid. Fine for
Cottage 1d., & for land 14". Kxamined by Hen. Merewether, Stew‘.
11. Copy of Court Roll dat. 19 Nov. 14 Geo. III. 1773. Manor of
Corsham. Ct. Baron of Paul Methuen, Esq., held there. Henry Mere-
wether, gent., Steward, surr. on death of John Hancock, late of Westwell,.
Gent., tenant also of Thomas Baily of Pickwick, of one Farmidell with cott.
late in poss. of John Hancock Taylor & and now of Thomas Hancock, his.
son, labourer and also of two ten's late in poss. of Thomas Hancock and
James Poarch and now of John Hancock (another son of John Hancock
Taylor) and John Selman Sharman, all in Town Tything. Re-grant to
John, heir of John Hancock, deceased. Fine iij*, ii"*. Examined by Hen.
Merewether, Steward.
12. Copy of Court Roll dat. 19 Nov. 14 Geo. III. 1773. Manor of
Corsham, Ct. Baron of Paul Methuen, Esq. held there. Henry Merewether,
Gent., Steward. Surr. by John Hancock ‘T'aylor and John Hancock of
Westwells (eldest son of John Hancock, gent., dec’d) of cott. lately occ.
by Thomas Hancock (son of John Hancock Taylor) and now of John
Hancock (another son of John Hancock Taylor), with garden 5 luggs
together with the way to the well over the garden now in the poss. of John
Selman with the use of the well in the Town Tything. Re-grant to John
Hancock. Fine for cottage ld. & for land 14%. Examined by Hen.
Merewether, Steward.
13. Ind’re 11 Oct. 31 Geo. III.1791. Richard Bignell, Richard Heydon
& Charles Wyatt, all of Banbury, Oxford, bankers & co-partners of the one
pt., & Frederick Irby Lord Boston & Lady Christian his wife & Paul Cobb
Methuen of Lucknam, Wilts, of the other part. Ref. Ind’re dat. 9 Dec.
1790, Rev. John Oglander, D.D, Warden & the Fellows of New College,
Oxford, of the one pt, & Frederick Irby Lord Boston & Christian his wife
& Paul Cobb Methuen of the other pt. Grant to farm the Rectory of
Adderbury or Eabberbury, Oxford, and the Mansion House, with the Tythes,
Glebe Lands, Pastures, Meadows, Feedings, & Commons & all Fruits &
Commodities with the Fishing, Fowling, Hawking, & Hunting, reserving
all Pollards, Fellers, Saplings or Timber. Frederick Irby Lord Boston &
Christian his wife to hold one fourth & Paul Cobb Methuen three fourths,
from the feast of old Saint Michael then last past for ten years at the agreed
yearly rent. Purchase by Richard Bignell, Richard Heydon, & Charles
Wyatt of residue of term of ten years from 10 Oct. 1791. Sigs. R. Bignell,
Rich* Heydon, Chas. Wyatt. Wit. Peter Oliver Bignell.
14. Ind’re dat. 25 March 43 Geo. III. 1803. John Kellow Bracher, of
Cricklade, Wilts, & George Hayward Tugwell, of Bath, Banker, of the 1st pt.
Anthony Guy, of Chippenham, Wilts, & Eleanor his wife (late Eleanor
Bracher), of the 2nd pt. Paul Cobb Methuen of Corsham (Lord of the
Manor of Corsham) of the 3rd pt. Ref. Deed of defeazance dat. 2 Mar.
1796. Hannah Guy, of Chippenham, wid. of the 1st pt, Anthony Guy of
the 2nd pt. Eleanor Guy (or Bracher) of the 3rd pt. John Kellow Bracher
and George Hayward Tugwell of the 4th pt. Kecites marriage between
Anthony Guy and Eleanor his now wife. Also, Special Court Baron of the
By Canon HL. P. Knubley. 415
Manor of Corsham, 10 Feb. 1803. Hannah Guy, wid. and Anthony, heir
of Anthony Guy, dec’d, surrender land in Tithing of Easton (Easton Down
and the two Minty pieces). George Hayward Tugwell admitted Tenant.
Sig’ John Kellow Bracher, G. H. Tugwell, Anthony Guy, Eleanor Guy.
[Endorsed]. £2,300 p‘ by Paul Cobb Methuen. Wits. Rich? Sh*¢ Cruttwell,
Thos. Clutterbuck, Rich* Randal], Thomas Randall, W™ Rugg, Will. Fidler.
15. Ind’re dat. 6 August 43 Geo. III. 1803. John Collett, of Hullav-
ington, yeoman, of the Ist pt., Anthony Guy, of Chippenham, Gent., and
William Chandler, of Hullavington, Gent., of the other pt. Ref. Ct. Bar.
of Paul Cobb Methuen, Esq., held the same day, surr. by John Collett of
pasture 4 acres, in the oce. of John Freeth and two ten's. with gardens, etc.,
one yard land and a half at Thingley in the Tithing of Haston, in the occ.
of Sir Andrew Bayntun, Bart. and William Freeth, yeoman. Grant to
Anthony Guy and William Chandler, the former being admitted tenant.
Agreed that A. G. and W. C. hold the said pasture and hereditaments in
trust for John Collett. Sigs. John Collett, Anthony Guy. Wit. W™ Rugg.
16. Copy of Court Roll dat. 17 Oct. 44 Geo. III. 18¢4. Manor of
Corsham. Ct. Leet and view of Frankpledge with Ct. Bar. of Paul Cobb
Methuen held there. Daniel Clutterbuck, Gent., Steward. Surr. by Ann,
wid. of Jeffery Holliday and William Mitchell, gent., who survived William
Brewer, gent., who held by copy dat. 4 Oct., 1770, of mess. containing “‘ one
cotticel of land” in town tything sometime in poss. of Richard Cozens,
late fa. of Ann Holliday. Re-grant to Ann Holliday, Herriott 3%. Fine
58, Ex’, by Dan. Clutterbuck, Steward.
17. Copy of Court Roll dat. 17 Oct. 44 Geo. III., 1804. Manor of
Corsham. Ct. Leet. and view of Frankpledge w. Ct. Bar. of Paul Cobb
Methuen held there. Daniel Clutterbuck, gent., Steward. Surr. by Ann,
wid. of Jeffery Holliday, of mess. in town Tithing sometimes in poss. of
Richard Cozens, late fa. of Ann Holliday. Re-grant to Ann Holliday.
Herriott 3°. Fine 18, 11% x4, by Dan. Clutterbuck, Steward.
18. Copy of Court Roll dat. 19 Jan. 45 Geo. III. 1805. Manor of
Corsham co. Wilts. Special Ct. Bar. of Paul Cobb Methuen held there
before Daniel Clutterbuck, Steward. The Homage John L[arle, gent.,
Thomas Green, gent., Thomas Horne. Surr. by William Michell, who
survived John Hancock, John Stump, Thomas Michell and Mark Kngland
Stump, gents, all dec’d., Susannah wid. of Edward Michell, gent, and
Edward, only son and heir of Edward Michell, dec’d, by his wife Susannah,
of one Capital Mess. with curtilage and garden, 4 closes called Park door
Grounds containing one yard lands, before in occ. Kdward Michell, dec*,
and now occ. by James Banks, yeoman, which capital mess. had been long
since taken down and a Barn, Stable and Cowshed erected in its place, and
adjoining the yard lands two cotts. in occ. by Abraham Hawkins and Alice
White. Herriot 7° to the use of Henry Alworth Merewether, of which
H. A. M. pays to the Lord of the Manor 6* and is admitted tenant. Sig,
Dan! Clutterbuck, Steward.
19. Copy of Court Roll dat. 8 June 59 Geo. III. 1819. Manor of
Corsham. Special Ct, Bar. of Paul. Methuen, Esq., held there, John
416 The Socrety’s MSS. —Corsham.
Merewether, Gent., Steward. Robert Sadler, of Chippenham, Gent., prays
to be admitted Tenant of one allotment 1 rood 19 perches at Moore Green
Common, recently enclosed, bounded on the 8. by a public road and on
other parts by three allotments awarded to Emma Dickinson, wid., Rev.
William Rance Sainsbury and Thomas Stork and Robert Fowler, which
allotment is in the occ. of Thomas Hibbard and was by an Award, dated
31 March last, of Thomas Davis, of Horningsham, the sole Commissioner
appointed under an Act of the 56th year of his present Majesty awarded to
Robert Sadler in respect of his copyhold estate of inheritance, numbered 42
on Map A. Robert Sadler admitted tenant. Fineij%". Examined by Jno.
Merewether, Stew?.
20. Copy of Court Roll dat. 8 June 59 Geo. III. 1819. Manor of
Corsham. Special Ct. Baron of Paul Methuen, Esq., held there, John
Merewether, Gent., Steward. Surr. by Robert Sadler, of Chippenham,
Gent., and Robert Fowler, of Melksham, Wine Merchant, for £14 15* paid
by Thomas Hibbard of Westwells, yeoman, of one allotment one rood, 19
perches at Moor Green Common, recently enclosed, bounded on the S. bya
public road and on the other parts by three allotments awarded to Emma
Dickinson, wid., Rev. William Rance Sainsbury, and Thomas Stock and
Robert Fowler, in the occ. of Thomas Hibbard and awarded to Thomas
Sadler in respect of his copyhold estate of inheritance. Grant to Thomas
Hibbard. Fine ij1*. Examined by Jno. Merewether, Stew‘.
21. Copy of Court Roll dat. 8 June 59 Geo. III. 1819. Manor of
Corsham. Special Court Bar. of Paul Methuen, Esq., held there before
John Merewether, gent., Steward. ‘The Homage, George John Archer,
William Hancock, John Sweetman the elder. Surr. by Robert Fowler of
Melksham, co. Wilts, in consideration of £28 paid by Thomas Hibbard of
Westwells P. Corsham, of allotment 2r. 32p. at Moore Green Common in
Manor of Corsham recently enclosed from the Common Pastures bounded
N. by two allotments awarded to Jacob Franklin and George Franklin
respectively and another allotment awarded to the Feoffees of Corsham
Parish Lands, on 8. by 4 allotments awarded to Emma Dickinson, wid.,
Robert Sadler, Rev. William Rance Sainsbury and Thomas Stock and John
Merewether respectively, now surr. to Thomas Hibbard who isadmitted tenant.
Fine iij7®. Examined and agrees with the Court Rolls of the said Manor.
Sig. Jno. Merewether, Steward.
Endorsed cancelled 1. I hereby acknowledge that this copy of Court
Roll is left as an equitable mortgage in the possession of Mr. Rueben
Hayward for the sum of fifty-five pounds together with lawful interest and
I hereby undertake in consideration of the said Mr. Hayward not proceed-
ing at Law to enforce payment of the same from my father to see the
amount discharged. Dat. 21 November, 1831. No Sigs.
Endorsed 2. This is the copy of Court Koll referred to in a note of hand
of this date as deposited with Mr. John Bush for securing by way equitable
mortgage the sum of thirty-five pounds and interest the amount of the said
Note of Hand. Dat. 23 March, 1835. Sigs. J. A. B., Thomas Hibbard.
Note of Hand for £35 and interest attached. Dat. and sigs. as above.
22. Copy of Court Roll dat. 8 June 59 Geo. III., 1819. Manor of
By Canon E P. Knubley. 417
Corsham. Special Court Bar. of Paul Methuen Esq. there held before John
Merewether, gent., Steward. The Homage, George John Archer, William
Hancock, John Sweatman the elder. Robert Fowler of Melksham, Wine
Merchant, admitted tenant to allotment, 2r. 32p. at Moore Green Common
within the Manor of Corsham recently enclosed and bounded N. by two
allotments awarded to Jacob Franklin and George Franklin yeomen
respectively, and an allotment awarded to the Feoffees of Corsham Parish
Lands, on S. by four allotments awarded to Emma Dickinson, wid., Robert
Sadler, Rev. William Rance Sainsbury, and Thomas Stock and John
Merewether respectively, in the occ. of Thomas Hibberd, yeoman, and an
allotment at (thappel Knapp, adjoining the road from Corsham to Melk-
sham, 20p. in occ. of Robert Fowler, bounded E. by the road and on W. by
old inclosures, the two allotments by a certain Award, etc., awarded to
Robert Fowler in respect of his Copyhold Estate of Inheritance and num-
pered 52 and 83 on Map A. Fine iij**. Examined etc. Sig. Jno. Mere-
wether, Steward [Enclosed are two sketch maps and extracts from Award. |
No. 1 contains the names of Henering, G. Bryant, Mrs. Collett, Emma
Dickinson, R. Sadler, R. Higgs, Peter Hooper, Robert Fowler, G. Franklin,
J. Franklin, P. Methuen, Mrs. Bryant and Thomas Hibbard. , No. 2, of
Mary Leir, John Edwards, Mary Dickinson of Bowden Hill, and the place-
name of Green Hill.
23. Certificate of Prerogative Court of William, Archbishop of Canter-
bury, dat. 2 Feb. 1838, of Probate of Will with codicil of Martha Morris,
late of Corsham, spinster, to John Bush, Esq.. the sole executor. Sigs,
Chas. Dyneley, John Iggisden & W. F. Gosling, Deputy Registrars. Sworn
under £1,500. Endorsed. The effects have been sworn uuder £2,000 dat.
23 May, 1838. Sig. Chas. Latham, Probate D.C. Office.
MELKSHAM.
1. Lease dat. 24 Aug. 18 Geo. III. 1778. Between Paul Methuen, of
Corsham House, Esq., and Thomas Lucas, of Melksham, Victualler. Surr.
oi lease of cott. and garden dat. 19th Dec., 1764, granted by the Right Hon.
Lord Longford, Baron of Longford, co. Wilts, and Viscount Folkstone, co.
Kent, to James Edmonds, of Trowbridge, Victualler, for 99 years now ter-
minable with the life of Margaret, dau. of James Edmunds, which lease is
now lawfully vested in Thomas Lucas, and on payment of £10 Paul
Methuen grants to Thomas Lucas a cott. now converted into two cotts.
with gardens, 2 Luggs, at Shurnell, in the Manor of Melksham Lovells and
Beanacre, co. Wilts, late in occ. of Miriam Brown, now of William Winslow
and James Woodward, for 99 years or for the lives of Thomas Lucas, aged
38 years, Esau his son aged 11 years, and Margaret Edmunds aged 29 years.
Rent 2°. 64. and suit and service at the Courts of the Manor of Melksham
Lovells. Sig. and Seal, P. Methuen. Wits. Hen. Merewether, George
Johnson. Endorsed Surr.*Nov., 1807, by John Keen.
2. Bargain and Sale dat. 2 Feb. 41 Geo. III. 1801 for making a Tenant
to the precipe for suffering a Recovery of Estates in Wilts. Ind’re of four
pts. between Paul Cobb Methuen of Corsham, Esq., only surviving son of
Paul Methuen Esq. dec’d, Ist pt., Paul Methuen Esq. eldest s. and h. of
418 The Socrety’s MSS.—Melksham.
Paul Cobb Methuen, 2nd pt., Edward Boodle of P. of St. George, Hanover
Square co., Midd’sex. gent., 3rd pt., and Charles Trebeck of P. of St. George,
Hanover Square, gent.,4th Part. Witnesseth that in order to extinguish
all estates tail in the Manor and for the payment of 10° each by Edward
Booth to Paul Cobb Methuen and Paul Methuen, they have granted to
Edward Booth all the Manor of Melksham Lovells and Beanacre, the
Mansion House called Beanacre House in the P. of Melksham, the water
and fishing in the River Avon belonging to the Manor and all the messuages,
farms, lands, tenements, fields, closes, pieces and parcels of land, woods, wood-
lands, fee farm rents, and other rents, fisheries, fishing places, commons, sheep
walks, fold courses, cattle gates, commons of estovers, free warrens, free
fishings, views of Frankpledge, Courts Leet, Courts Bar, perquisites of
‘ourts Rights, Royalties and Hereditaments in Whitby, Whitley, Beanacre
or Benacre, Bennan, Shaw, Melksham or Melkesham, Colern, Blackmore,
Forest, West Hill, West Knowle, East Marsh and Shaw Hill, all in co.
Wilts, to hold as perfect tenant of the freehold for the purpose of suffering
a good and perfect Common Recovery in the manner hereinafter mentioned
for which purpose it is agreed that it shall be lawful for Charles Trebeck
to prosecute a writ of entry Sur Disseisin en le post etc. out of Her Majesty’s
High Court of Chancery directed to the Sheriff co. Wilts returnable to the
Court of Common Pleas at Westminster by which Charles Trebeck shall
-demand against Edward Boodle all the premises hereby granted and Edward
Boodle, Paul Cobb Methuen and Paul Methuen shall appear gratis in person |
or by their attornies and shall warrant the Common Voucher of the Court |
of Common Pleas who shall also appear and imparle and after imparlance |
had shall depart in contempt of court and all other things shall be done so
that a good and perfect Common Recovery may be had of the Manor. And
it is further agreed that after the Common Recovery the parties shall be
and endure and the Recoverer shall be seized of all the premises to the use of
Paul Methuen in case he shall survive his father.
Sigs. and seals Paul Cobb Methuen, Paul Methuen, Edw Boodle, Chas.
Trebeck. Wits. Thomas Shepherd, John Lockwood, servants to Paul Cobb
Methuen. In margin “ Taken and acknowledged by Charles Trebeck party
thereto this 16 day of February 1801 at the Public Office supreme. P.
Holford.”
Endorsed. Inrolled in his Ma’tys high Court of Chancery 16 Feb. 1801.
J. Mitford. }
3. Deed of Recovery dat. Easter Term 41 Geo. III.[1801]. (Two mem-
branes engraved portrait of the King and the Royal Arms as well as em-
blematic figures at the head andon both margins). At Westminster before
John Lord Eldon. Ref. Hilary Term last passed. Wilts. Charles
Trebeck, gent., demandeth against Edward Boodle, gent., the Manor
of Melkesham Lovell and Beanacre with fishing in the R. Avon and
40 mess*., 10 dovehouses, 60 gardens, 10 orchards, 100a. of land, 100a.
of meadow, 800a. of pasture, 30a. of wood, 500a. of furze and heath,
500a. of moor, 500a. of marsh, 100a. of land covered with water, one
pound seven shillings rent, common of pasture, etc. [see 2] into which the
same Edward hath not entry but after the disseisin which Hugh Hunt
By Canon EL. P. Knubley. 419
thereof unjustly hath made to the said Charles within 30 yrs., and where-
upon he said he was seized of the Manor. etc., and thereof he bringeth suit.
And Edward comes and defends his right and vouches to warrant Paul
Cobb Methuen who is also present in Court and freely warrants the Manor
etc. to Edward. Hereupon Charles demands against Paul Cobb tenant in
his own warranty the Manor etc.,and Paul Cobb defends his right and —
further vouches to warrant Paul Methuen to be summoned. Let him have
him here from Easter in 15 days by the aid of the Court. And upon this
Edward appoints George Byard and Rich. Bremridge his attornies against
Charles, and Paul Cobb appoints George Griffith and Thomas Sherwood
his attornies against Charles, at which day come Charles in his proper
person, Paul Cobb by George Byard his attorney and Paul by George
Griffith his attorney and Paul being summoned comes by William Dunn
his attorney and freely warrants the Manor etc. to Paul Cobb, hereupon
Charles demands against Paul tenant by his own warranty the Manor etc.,
and says he was seized of the Manor, etc. And Paul defends his right
and vouched to warrant John Martin who was present in person and freely
warrant to him the Manor etc. And hereupon Charles demands against
John tenant the Manor etc., and John defends his right and says that Hugh
did not deseise Charles of the Manor etc. ‘Thereupon Charles craves leave
to impart and he hath it, and afterwards Charles comes again and said
John altho’ solemnly called cometh not again but departed in contempt of
Court. Therefore it is considered that Charles recover his seisin against
Kdward of the Manor, etc., and that Edward have of the land of Paul Cobb
of the value etc., that Paul Cobb have of the land of Paul to the value etc.,
and that Paul have of the land of John to the value etc., and John in Mercy.
Hereupon Charles prays for a writ of our Lord the King to be directed to
-the Sheriff of the P’co to cause full Seisin of the Manor and it is granted
to him returnable here from Easter Day in five weeks. At which day come
Charles and the Sheriff, Thomas Bush Esq. and returns that he by virtue
of the writ dat. 27 April in this term did cause full seisin of the Manor, etc.
to be delivered to Charles. All which premises at the request of Charles
we have commanded to be exemplified. In testimony we have caused our
geal to be fixed to these presents. Wit. John Lord Eldon at Westminster,
18 May in the 41st year of our Reign. Bramwell. (The seal is missing).
4. Counterpart of Lease in Reversion dat. 6 Feb. 45 Geo. III. 1805.
Paul Cobb Methuen of Corsham House, Esq. for £45 grants to Samuel
Chapman of Simmington P. Melksham, yeoman, a mess. with garden, etc.,
and tanyard, 2 Cotts. and a close now 2 closes called upper and lower Out-
march, 5a., after termination of lease dat. 1793, for 99 years or for the life of
Robert, aged 2 years, neph. of Sam! Chapman. Rent £5. Sig. Sam!
Chapman. Wit. Dan. Clutterbuck.
5. Counterpart lease dated dat. 24 Nov. 1807, between Paul Cobb
Methuen, of Corsham House, Esq., and John Keen, of Broughton Gifford,
weaver. lef. surr. of lease dat. 24 Aug. 1778, (1) granted by Paul Methuen,
of Corsham House, Esq., dec’d. to ‘Thomas Lucas, of Melksham, victualler,
dec’d, for 99 years or the lives of Thomas Lucas, Esau his son, and Margaret
Edmonds, on payment of £20 to P.C. M. leases to J. K. 2 cotts. with gardens,
420 The Society's MSS.—Chitterne.
2 luggs, at Shurnell within the Manor of Melksham Lovells and Beanacre,
heretofore in occ. of William Winslow and James Woodward, afterwards
of Joseph Smith and William Mitchell, but now of Catherine Mills wid.
and Thomas Gerrish laborer, for 99 years or for the lives of John Keen,
aged about 31, Elizabeth, his dau. aged about 7 and Elizabeth aged about 6,
dau. of James Gore of Broughton, weaver, and neice of John Keen. Rent
2s. 6d.and suit and service at the Courts of the Manor of Melksham Lovells.
Sig. and seal, John Keen. Wit. Thos. Hosier Saunders.
CHITTERNE.
1. Copy of Court Roll dat. 14 Oct. 25 Chas. II. 1673. Manor of
Chitterne. View of Frankpledge with Ct. Bar. of Francis Powlett, Esq.,
held there by Walter Robinson, gent., Steward. Surr. of a tent and one
virgate of land late in ten. of Buclei Auxford dec’d held by Humphrey
Compton for his life and the life of Elizabeth his dau. Regrant of the
same to Humphrey Compton and his son John for their lives. Rent xiijs.
p.a. Admission of H. C. as tenant and payment by him of a Fine of
Ixxxx'. Sigs. Fra. Powlett, Wa. Robinson, Steward.
2. Copy of Court Roll dat. 11 Sept. 2 Jas. IJ. 1686. Manor of Chitterne.
Ct. Bar. of Francis Powlett Esq., held there by Giles (Egidius) Eyre, Esq,,
Steward. Surr. by John Imber and Jane his wife of a mess. and 2 virgates
of land in Chitterne, formerly in the ten. of George Imber, father of the
said John. Grant to the said John and Jane and George their son for their
lives of the said mess. with one virgate of land parcel of the said 2 virgates
and admission of the said John Imber as Tenant. Rent xvs. ijd. Fine
xxi, Sig. “g me Egidium Eyre,” Steward.
3. Copy of Court Roll dat. 25 April 3 Anne 1704. Manor of Chitterne.
View of Frankpledge with Ct. Bar. of Norton Powlett, Ksq., held there by
Stephen Barton, gent., Steward. Admission as tenant in reversion (“ third
life”) of “‘ William, son of Thomas Turner” afterwards called “ William
Turner jun.” to a mess., paddock, barn, 1 virgate of land “called Turners ”
and common pasture for 65 sheep, 3 horses and 4 beasts in Chitterne, now
in the ten. of William Turner sen., on the death etc. of William Turner, sen.,
and Thomas Turner. W.'T’. jun. pays a fine of xl". Sigs. Nor. Powlett,
Stephen Barton, Steward. Endorsed, Will. Turner’s Coppy.
4. Copy of Court Roll dat. 25 Feb. 10 Anne 1711. Manor of Chitterne.
Ct. Bar. of Norton Powlett, Esq., held there by Stephen Barton, gent.,
Steward. Admission as tenant in reversion (third life) of Mary Hillman,
aged about six years, dau. of Gervase Hillman, of Chitterne All Saints, to a
mess. and 40a. of land in the Common Fields of Chitterne St. Mary, viz.
34a. “in campo” there called “le Farme Feild” and 103a. “in campo”
there called Wormseyfeild and common pasture for 3 years called Rother
Beasts for 1 horse, 20 sheep and 3 lambs in Chitterne and also 4a. of arrable
land in Wormseyfeild and common pasture for 1 cow in “le Clowdowne,”
after the death etc. of John Saunders and Mary wife of the said Gervase
Hillman, sometime Mary Saunders. Fine £10 15%. Sigs. N. Powlett, Ste.
Barton, Steward. Endorsed, Mary Hillman’s Coppy.
By Canon #, P. Knubley. 421
5. Lease dat. 26 March 6 Geo. II. 1733. For 99 years by Norton.
Powlett, of Rotherfeild, co. Southampton, Esq. Fine £150, of a messuage
and yard land and common of pasture for 3 horses, 4 cows, and 65 sheep in
the Manor of Chitterne to Elizabeth Compton, wid., and Hester & Rachael,
daus., reserving all timber and liberty of hunting, hawking, fishing, and
fowling. Rent 20s. MHerriott £5. Sig. & seal, Norton Powlett. Wits.
James Crosse, Robert Baily. Endorsement ‘‘ Nov’. the 29th, 1777. I
acknowledge to have received of Will™ Avery of Chittern All Sts. the sum
of £15 15s. for the within written house, garden, barn and backside. Sig.
Thomas Glass. Wits. Samuel Biggs, jun., William Butcher.”
6. Copy of Court Roll dat. 17 Oct. 18 Geo. II. 1744. Manor of
Chitterne, Ct. Leet and Ct. Bar. of Norton Powlett, Esq., held there
before William Pescod Esq., Steward. Grant to John Smith of a cott. and
garden of 11 perches, also a little piece of ground part of the orchard late
William Woods “ three foot from the upper apple trees” to be fenced by
Thomas Avery, for the lives of John Smith, Humphrey aged 9 years and
John aged 7 years his sons, John Smith admitted tenant and is to add a
third life upon the death of either of the lives on payment of 5s. for a fine
within six months after such death. Rent 2s, Sigs. Nor. Powlett, W.
Pescod, Steward. Endorsed, Francis Smith 18 years of age, Jane Smith
23 years.
7. Copy of Court Roll dat. 29 May 18 Geo. II. 1745. Manor of
Chitterne, Ct. Bar. of Norton Powlett, Esq., held there before William
Pescod, Esq., Steward. Grant to Sarah White the elder of a cott. with a
garden, about 3 perch of land in Bitton Lane for the lives of Sarah White,
Sarah White her daughter, and Mary dau. of Sarah White the younger.
Rent 1s. Sigs. Nor. Powlett, Wm. Pescod, Steward.
8. Ind’re of lease dat. 17 Aug. 1752. (Abstract on paper) by Norton
Powlett, of Amport, co. Southampton, Esq., to John Wallis, of Amport,
wheelwright, of a house, barn, and orchard with three lots of meadow in
Trim Mead, adjoining John Huntleys, 2r. 10p., 9 parcels of land in Kite
Hill Field, 10a. 2r., one parcel in Wohill Field, 3a., one parcel in Flexland
Field, 3a., 4 parcels on the Cowdown, 7a. 3r. 16p., with common for 66 sheep
on Wormsey Sheep Down, then in the poss. Mary Davis for her widowhood,
being part of the Manor of Chitterne, co. Wilts, and after her death for
99 yrs., or for the lives of Ruth, wifec .W.,aged 43 years, John, son aged
7 yrs.,and Thomas Martin, son-in-law (step-son) aged 15 yrs. Rent 17s.
Herriot £1 10s.
9. Ind’re of Lease, dat. 17 Aug. 1752. (Abstract on paper), between same
parties (8) of a barn, carthouse and yard, 12p., one close of meadow called
Home Close, Ja. lr. 20p., 1 meadow called Juries Close, la, 22p., and three
lots of meadow in Trim Mead, 2r. 18p., together with 8 parcels of land in
Drovefield, 12a, 1r., 12 parcels in Middle Field, 16a. 2r., 13 parcels in
Kitehill Field, 14a, 1r., and 4 parcels in Cowdown, 7a. 8r. 16p., with common
for 84 sheep on Wormsey Sheep Down, then in the poss. of Mary Davis for
his widowhood, being part of the Manor of Chitterne, co. Wilts, and after
her death for 99 yrs. or for the lives of Ruth, wife of J. W., aged 48 yrs.,
VOL. XLIII—NO, CXLV, F 2
422 The Society’s MSS.—Chitterne.
John, son, aged 7 yrs., and Thomas Martin, his son-in-law, aged 15 yrs.
Rent £1 3s.4d. Heriott £2.
10. Copy of Court Roll, dat. 14 June 26 Geo. II., 1753. Manor of
Chitterne. Ct. Leet and Ct. Bar. of Norton Powlett, Esq., held there before
William Pescod, Esq., Steward. Grant to William Wallis of a cott. and a
little garden, about 2 Rod for the lives of William Wallis, Susanna, aged
13 yrs., and Betty, aged 11 yrs., his daus., and W. W. is admitted tenant.
Rent 64. Sigs. Nor. Powlett, W™ Pescod.
11. Lease dat. 23 June 27 Geo. II., 1753, by Norton Powlett, of
Amport, co, Southampton,'Esq., to Christopher Slade the elder, of Chitterne,
gent., on surr. of lease granted to Jane, wife of John Hand, late Jane Hewes
and Christopher, son of Christopher Slade, and payment of £70, of a house,
garden, barn, stables and yard with a close called Barn Close, 13 Rodd, one
parcel of land in Drovefield, 3 Rodd, two parcels in Middlefield, la. 2 Rodd,
four parcels in Kite-hill field, 8a. 1 Rodd, 12 parcels in Wohill field,
lla. 3 Rodd, 8 parcels in Crossball field, 10a., 8 parcels in Flexland field,
12a, 2 Rodd, 8 parcels in Cow Down, 15a., with common for 89 sheep on
Hatchbury Sheep Down with a Yard Land and a half, except timber trees,
for 99 yrs. or for the lives of Christopher, son of Christopher Slade, Jane
wife of John Hand, late Jane Hewes, and William Axford, of Chitterne,
aged 24 yrs. Rent £1 9s. Herriot £4. Sig. and seal, Nor. Powlett. Wits. |
John Plott, John Dison. Endorsed. Surrendered to the Lord in consid’n
of £145 by Mr. N. Dalton & ux.
12. Ind’re of Lease dat. 22 April 1755. (Abstract on paper) between the
same parties (8) of a dwelling house, barn, yard and garden, and little close
of pasture adjoining to the garden, 2r. 22p., also 2 parcels of arable land in
Wohill Field, 3a, 3 parcels arable in Cross Ball Field, 4a., one parcel arable
in Flexland Field, la., 3 parcels of arable on the Cowdown, 4a. 2r. 14p.,
with common for 18 sheep on Hatchbury Sheep down in the summer and
15 in the winter, inthe P. of Chitterne St. Marys, then in poss. of Grace
Flemmon, and after her death, for 99 yrs. or for the lives of John Wallis,
Thomas Martin, and Richard Naish of P. of Amport, Wheelwright, aged
24 yrs. Rent 7s. and a Heriot [in margin] “ Note not having this Lease
before me I am unable to tell the amt. of the Heriot. J. H. T.”
13. Copy of Court Roll dat. 183 June 28 Geo. II. 1755. Manor of
Chitterne. Ct. Leet and Ct. Bar. of Norton Powlett, Esq., held there be-
fore William Pescod, Esq., Steward. Grant for three lives of ruinous cott.
and garden, late Mondays, in Bitton Lane to John Wallis, John his
son aged 9 years, and Thomas Martin son-in-law aged 17 years. John
Wallis, the elder, admitted tenant. Rent 1’. anda fine as appears in the
Rolls. Sig*. Nor. Powlett, W. Pescod, Std.
14. Lease and Release dat 5 & 6 Jan. 1667. (Abstract on paper). John.
Wallis of Quarley, Co. Southampton, gentleman, only s. & h. of John
Wallis, late of Amport, in P.’co, Timbermerchant, dec’ed of Ist Pt., Ruth
Wallis of same place, wid. and adm’ix of said John of 2nd Pt Thomas
Martin, of Quarley, gent., son of said Ruth and brother-in-law of s* John
Wallis, P’ty thereto of 3rd Pt.,.and Richard Bird, of Snorrington, and John |
By Canon HE. P, Knubley. 423
Gale, of Quarly, of 4th Pt., the Release reciting several Ind’res being Con-
veyances to John Wallis dec’d of several Freehold Estates and chattels real
and personal, and that John Wallis, Ruth Wallis, and Thos. Martin had
come to an agreement that all the Freehold Estates of John Wallis and all
the Chattel Leases of John Wallis dec’d. then vested in Ruth Wallis and the
personal estate of John Wallis and Ruth Wallis and also the Leasehold
cotts. of Thomas Martin and stocks of cattle, corn, grass, hay, stocks in
husbandry, etc., should be conveyed by them to Richard Bird and John
Gale upon trusts to establish a co-partnership in the whole bet. P*. Wallis
and Martin. Refs. to (8 and 12), and as to premises contained in lease (12)
to hold jointly during their lives and at the decease of either of them, then
to the use of the survivor. And as to premises granted by lease (8) to the
use of Ruth Wallis for so many years of the term as she should happen to
live and after her decease to the joint use of s* Wallis and Martin with
rem’ to the survivor.
Executed by all Parties and duly attested.
15. Ind’re Quadrupartite dat. 26 Dec. 1768 (abstract on paper). P’
Bird and Gale of 1st Pt., P’ Wallis of 2nd Pt., P?’ Ruth Wallis of 3rd Pt.,
and P’ Martin of 4th Pt., Reciting the foregoing Ind’res (8, 12, and 14).
And that J. Wallis and Martin had thought fit to dissolve the copartnership
and were desirous that the survivor should not take any benefit of any
Estate, etc., by reason of the joint title which they had under the s‘ rented
Ind’re of Release of the Prem’es ment? therein, had, with the approbation
of Ruth Wallis, made Partition of all the prem’es, etc., conveyed in trust to
the s? Bird and Gale (except the premises in Chittern). It was covenanted
by John Wallis and Martin that if either of them died before Ruth Wallis
or before the end of the sev’l terms of the leases that after the death of
Ruth Wallis, it sh’d be lawful for the executors of the party so dying to
take the full moiety or half part of all rents, etc,, of all the prem’ses at
Chittern, any grant, etc., in the Ind’re of Release or in the Deed now in
Recital to the contrary notwithstanding.
Executed by all the Parties and duly attested. Endorsed “ Abstract of
Mr. Martin’s Title to Estate at Chittern.
16. Copy of Court Roll dat. 7 June 11 Geo. III. 1771. Manor of
Chitterne. Ct. Bar. of Paul Methuen, Esq., held there before Daniel
Clutterbuck, gent., Steward.’ Surr. by Ruth, wid. of John Wallis, dec’d,
John Wallis, yeoman, and Thomas Martin, yeoman, by James Saunders,
their Attorney, of ruinous cott. and garden in Bitton Lane, formerly called
Mondays, now in the occ. of Thomas Compton, a mess. and malthouse being
built thereon, which they hold by copy of Ct. Roll, dat. 13 June, 1755, (13),
granted to John Wallis, dec’d, father of John Wallis. Grant for 3 lives to
Thomas Compton, Thomas, aged 6 years, and John, aged 3 years, his sons
by Mary his now wife. Rent ls. Fine £38. Sig., Dan. Clutterbuck,
Steward.
17. Copy of Court Roll dat. 29 April 25 Geo. III. 1785. Manor of
Chitterne. Ct. Bar. of Paul Methuen, Esq., held there before Daniel
Clutterbuck, gent., Steward. Homage Thomas Tibbs and George Compton.
Grant to Anthony Burbidge, the younger of East Knoyle, Butcher, of mess,
Zits
424 The Society's MSS.—Chitterne.
and malthouse built by Thomas Compton, dec’d., on ground whereon a
ruinous cottage and garden in Bitton Lane, in the P. of Chitterne St. Marys,
formerly stood, called Mondays, and late in the occ. of Thomas Compton,
Maltster, and now of James Wheeler, for 3 lives to Anthony Burbidge,
Mary, aged 20 years, da. of Thomas Compton and Mary his wife, on death
surr. of Thomas Compton, who held with Thomas and John, his sons, by
copy of Ct. Roll dat. 7 June, 1771, (16). Rent ls. Fine £16, and A. B. was
admitted tenant in reversion “ but his fealty is respited until and so forth.”
Examined with the Rolls of the said Manor and agrees therewith by Dan}
Clutterbuck, Steward.
Endorsed 29 April, 1785, Mr. Burbidge, junr., Copy.
18. Lease dat. 12 Oct. 38 Geo. III. 1793 (2 membranes) by Paul
Methuen, of Corsham, Esq., to William Tugwell, of Chitterne, yeoman, of
mess. and farm in Chitterne All Saints, commonly called Chitterne Great,
containing 1460a., together with the tenths and tythes, purchased by P. M.
from John Holder, Esq., situate in the Ps. Chitterne All Saints and Chitterne
S. Mary, late in the occ. of farmer William Newman, except timber, mines,
quarries, and royalties, from 10 Oct., 1795, for ten yrs. Rent £550 and also
£10 a year for every acre of meadow, pasture, or downland that W. T. shall
break up in tillage without the consent of P. M. in writing. Counterpart.
No. Sigs.
19. Lease for 99 yrs. dat. 5 Nov., 43 Geo. III. 1802, by Paul Cobb
Methuen, of Corsham House, Lord of the Manor of Chitterne St. Marys,
to John Veal, of Chitterne All Saints, yeoman. Fine £40, of a cott., stable,
and garden, 12 luggs, situate in the street of Chittern St. Mary, bounded
by the turnpike Road, N , by a close of Pasture, S., by a close of Ground
in poss. of James Feltham, butcher, E., and by a Malthouse & garden
demised by Paul Cobb Methuen to Charles Baker, W., also a close of
Pasture lying behind the cott., containing 1a.,on lives of John Veal,
Elijah, son of James Feltham, aged 9 years, Joseph, son of Charles Compton,
of Chitterne, Baker, aged 9 years, & John, son of William Abury, of
Chitterne, carpenter (endorsement aged 12 years). Rent 3s. 6d. Sig. &
seal, John Veal, Wit. Christopher Fricker.
20. Lease for 99 yrs. dat. 5 Nov. 1802, by Paul Cobb Methuen, of
Corsham House, Esq., Lord of the Manor of Chitterne, to Charles Baker,
of Chittern St. Marys, yeoman. Fine £36, of a cott. with garden and close
of ground la. 2r. part of a living called Hands lying near the street in
Chittern St. Marys, having a Malthouse and premises granted by P. C. M.
to C. B. on the N., certain premises leased by P. C. M. to Christopher
Fricker on the S., the street on the W., and lands of P. C. M. on the E., a
former lease being now determinable with the life of William Alford, of
Chitterne St. Mary, yeoman, on the lives of Charles Baker, Mary Ann aged
9 yrs., and Elizabeth aged 8 years, his daus. Rent 2s. Sig. and seal
Chas. Baker, Wit. Dan! Clutterbuck.
21. Ind’re dat. 17 Jan. 1806. Nathaniel Dalton, of Shanks House, co.
Somerset, Esq.. and Mary Slade Dalton, his wife, grand-daughter and
legatee of Christopher Slade, formerly of Chitterne St. Mary, gent., dec’d, sell
to Paul Cobb Methuen, of Corsham, Esq , Lord of the Manor of Chitterne
By Canon HE. P. Knubley. 425
S. Mary, for £145 all the land, etc., in Chitterne now in the occupation of
Christopher Fricker, and by lease [deed attached] dat. 23 June, 1753, (11),
granted by Norton Powlett to Christopher Slade now determinable on the
decease of William Alford. Sigs. and seals, Nathaniel Dalton, Mary Slade
Dalton. Wit. Chris. Thring.
22. Chitterne St. Mary, Wilts. Faculty, dat. at Sarum, 31 March,
1808, granted by John [Fisher] Bp. of Salisbury, permitting Rev. John
Batchellor, M.A., Vicar of Chitterne St. Mary, and Dio. Sarum and Paul
Cobb Methuen, of Corsham, Esq., to exchange land in Chitterne St. Mary,
viz. :—21 Pieces of arable land lying dispersedly in the Common Fields,
28a. 2r. A strip of land adjoining the farmyard of P. C. Methuen, 2r. 3
lots of water meadow in Trim Meadow, 2r. 18p. Common Pasture for 152
sheep in and over the Common Fields of Chitterne. ‘Total 29a. 2r. 18p. of
Glebe Land.
In lieu of 2 Closes near house of Mr. John Trowbridge, 5a.17p. A piece
of land below road leading to Codford, 3a. 2r. 36p. A piece of arable land
bet. Codford and Heytesbury roads, lla. 27p. Also in Wormsey Down,
40a. Arable field in same Down, 10a. A pasture called Davis’s Close,
la. 36p. Also in Vicarage Meadow the strip, 2r.11p. ‘Total 7la. 3r. 7p.
The Dean and Chapter of Sarum, the Patrons, consenting.
Seal of Office of Rev. and Worshipful William Douglas, Clerk, M.A.,
Vicar General and Official Principal.
Edw. Davies, Jos. Warden, D. Registrars.
23. A Survey and Valuation of Estates at Chitterne, co. Wilts, held for
the life of Mr. Thomas Martin, aged 71 years, dat. 12 Dec., 1808.
Particular Total Clear
Annual Annual Annual
Quantities. Values. Values. Values.
Premises, etc. oe ROP oe eS Gs 6h. Gee Gl ee Sool
THE Great Farm.
A Barn, Carthouse & Yard 12
A close of meadow el 1 20
Home Close
A close of meadow called 1 0 92
Jarvis’s Close
3 Lots of meadow in Trim 2 18
Mead, now in one
8 Parcels in Drove Field Wo Ve 23
12 do. in Middle Field Tele 3): OV.
3 36
13 do. in Kitehill Field 10
33 1 18 2912 8
Right of Common on the
Cow Down & Wormsey 616 7
Sheep Down ee 36 9 3
Deduct Quit Rent of 1 3 4
426 The Society’s MSS.—Chitterne.
Tue LItTrLe Farm.
House, Barn & Orch?
with 3 Lots of meadow in 2 18
Trim Mead adjoining Jno.
Huntley’s
9 Parcels i in Drove Field 4
9 do. in Middle Field Ta 4 9
12 do. in Kitehill Field 7 2 O9
1 do. in Woehill Field ia?
1 do. in Flaxland Field al
Right of Common on the
Cow Down & Wormsey DB litiaD
Sheep Down 25) lieas
Deduct Quit Rent of 17
Sse 24 18 8
FLEMMING’sS BARGAIN.
A Dwelling House, Barn
and the Pasture converted into
Yard & Garden, & little
Tillage about 50 years ago.
Close of Pasture adjoining
2 Parcels in Woehill Field 2 2 25
3 do. in Cross Ball Field Dare
1 do. in Flaxland F4 3 08
6 8 32 518 2
{and Buildings were taken down
22
Right of Common on the
Cow Down & Hatchbury 2 9.1
Sheep Down ne shea (epics)
Deduct Quit Rent of 7 0
———_—— 8 0 8
£68 4 10
At 6 yrs. purchase reckoning at 4 p’ ct £409 9 0
N.B. The foregoing calculations are made from Lady Day, 1809.
Andover, 12th Dec., 1808, Geo. Barnes. Endorsed 12th December, 1808.
Valuation of lencelinal dl Property at Chittern held by the life of Mr. Thomas
Martin, aged 71.
24. Ind’re of lease dat. 14 Dec. 1809 (2 membranes). ‘Thomas Martin,
of Longstock, co. Southampton, Esq., of one part, & Paul Cobb Methuen,
of Corsham House, Esq., of the other part. Ref. Norton Powlett, of
Amport, co. Southampton, Esq , by lease dat. 17 Aug., 1752, grants to John
Wallis, of Amport, wheelwright, a house, barn, and orchard, with three lots
of meadow in Trim Mead, adjoining John Huntley’s 2r. 18p., and 9 parcels
of Land in Kite Hill Field, 10a. 2r., one parcel of land in Wohill Field, 3a.,
one parcel of land in Flexland Field, 3a., and 4 parcels in the Cow Down,
7a. 3r. 16p., with common for 66 sheep on Wormsey Sheep Down, then in poss.
of Mary Davis for her widowhood, being part of the Manor of Chitterne, to
hold after death of Mary Davis, for 99 years or for lives of Ruth, wife of
By Canon E. P. Knubley. 427
John Wallis, aged 48 yrs., John his son, aged 7 years, and Martin his son-
in-law, aged 15 yrs. Rent 17s. & £1 10s. Heriott. Ref. Norton Powlett by
an Ind’re of same date grants to John Wallis (the father) a barn, cart house
& yard, 12p., one close of meadow called Home Close, la. Ir. 20p., another
close of meadow, called Juries Close la. 22p., and 3 lots of meadow in
Trim Mead, 2r. 18p., together with 8 parcels of land in Drovefield,
12a. 1r., 12 parcels of land in Middlefield, 16a. 2r., 13 parcels of land in
Kite hill field, 14a. 1r., and 4 parcels of land on the Cow Down, 7a. 3r. 16p.,
with common for 84 sheep.on Wormsey Sheep Down, in poss. of Mary
Davis for her widowhood, being part of the Manor of Chitterne, to hold
after death of Mary Davis for 99 years (as above). Rent £1 3s. 4d.
Heriott, £2. Ref. Norton Powlett by Ind’re dat. 22 April, 1755.
(12) granted to John Wallis a dwelling house, barn, yard, & little close of
pasture adjoining, 2r. 22p., & 2 parcels of arable land in 100-hill field, 3a , &
3 parcels of arable in Cross Ball Field, 4a., & one parcel of arable in Fleas-
land field, 1a., & 3 parcels of arable in Cow Down, 4a. 2r., 14p., with common
for 18 sheep on Batchbury Sheep Down in the Summer & 15 in the Winter
in the P. of Chitterne St. Mary in the poss. of Grace Flemman, to hold
after the decease of Grace Flemman for 99 years, or for the lives of John
Wallis the lessor, Thomas Martin & Richard Naish. Rent 7s. & an
Herriott. These three leases determined by death and Thomas Martin
being entitled to one moiety or half part sells his share to Paul Cobb
Methuen for £193 12s. 6d. Sigs. and seals Thos. Martin, Paul Cobb
Methuen. Wits. J. H. Todd, Atty , Andover, T. H. Saunders,Sol., Bradford,
Wilts. ,
BECKINGTON (SOMERSET).
1. Ind’re Quadrupartyte dat. 3 May 2 Anne, 1703.. The Right Hon.
John Methwen, Esq., Lord Chancellor of Ireland, lst Pt, John Jesse, of
Beckington, co. Som’sett, gent., and William Sainsbury, of Market Laving-
ton, gent., 2nd Pt., William Stoakes, maltster, and John Selfe the elder,
broad weaver, both of Beckington, 3rd Pt., and Walter Yerbury, of Becking-
ton, clothworker, 4th part. Ref. Ind’re Tripartyte dat. 4 March, 1683, be-
tweene Mary Norburne, of the City of London, wid., Ist Pt., John Ashe, of
Teffont, co. Wilts, Esq., 2nd Pt., and Edward Underhill, of London, 3rd Pt.
John Ashe granted to Edward Underhill the Mannor or Lordship of
Beckington heretofore the inheritance of St John Sawell, Kt., and Richard
Bamfield, Esq., and all messuages, tofts, dovehouses, barnes, buildings,
lands, ten*, meadows, pastures, feedings, services, etc., belonging to John
Ashe, in Beckington, Clifford, Seymours Court al’s St. Maryes Court, Easter
Farme, to Edward Underhill for two thousand years. And as the s‘. term
and estate are vested in John Jesse and William Sainsbury, they assigne
and sett over to William Stoakes the cott. and garden in Beckington late in
occ. of Robert Hartford dec’d, but now of John Selfe, in trust to attend to
the freehold of the premises. Sigs. Jo. Methuen, Jo. Jesse, Wm. Sainsbury.
Wits. Nath. Godwyn, John Hellis. Endorsed, Assignment of Term to
attend the Inheritance.
428 The Society's MSS.—Beckington.
2. Lease fora year dat.5 May 2 Anne 1703. The Right Hon. John
Methwen, Esq., Lord Chancellor of Ireland, for 5s. grants to Walter Yer- |
bury, of Beckington, co. Somerset, clouthworker, a cott. and garden in
Beckington, late in occ. of Robert Hartford but now of John Selfe to hold
fora year. Rent one pepper corne. Sig and Seal, Jo. Methuen. Wits. —
Nath. Godwyn, J. Jesse, Wm. Sainsbury.
3. Ind’re Tripartyte dat. 6 May 2 Anne 1703. Right Hon. John
Methwen, Esq., Lord Chancellor of Ireland, Ist Pt., John Selfe, the elder,
of Beckington, broadweaver, 2nd Pt., and Walter Yerbury, of Beckington,
cloathworker, 3rd Pt., for £15 paid by John Selfe, and 5s. paid by Walter
Yerbury, John Methwen releases to Walter Yerbury a cott. and garden in
Beckington late in occ. of Robert Hartford, but now of John Selfe in trust
to the use of John Selfe, the elder, and after his death to the use of John,
the younger, his son. Ref. (1). Sig.and seal, Jo. Methuen. Wits., Nath.
Godwin, J. Jesse, Wm. Sainsbury.
4. Lease for a year, dat. 8 June 7 Anne, 1708. Paule Methwen of the
P. of Bishopps Cannings, Esq., for 5s. leases for one year to Henry T witcher,
of Beckington, co. Som‘, broadweaver, a Customary Coppyhold cott. with
the new building and garden, 12p., in Goose Street, Beckington. Rent one
pepper corne. Sig., Paul Methuen. Wits., Geo. Turner, J. Jesse.
5. Conveyance in Fee, dat. 9 June 7 Anne, 1708. Paul Methwen, of
Bishoppe Cannings, Esq., for £30 conveys to William Twitcher a cott. (4)
which he and Sarah, his wife, and Henry, his son, claim under a lease dat.
1697, and P.M. agrees notwithstanding he or John Methwen, his late father,
have done to convey the Estate infeesimple. Sig., Paul Methuen. Wits.,
Geo. Turner, J. Jesse.
6. Lease for 99 years, dat. 14 April 3 George II., 1730.. Thomas
Methuen, of Bradford, Esq., Lord of the Mannor of Beckington. Surr. by
Simon Philips al’s Grant, of Beckington, broadweaver, of copy of Court
Roll, dat. 12 May, 1701, granted by John Methuen, Esq., to Robert Phillips
al’s grant father of Simon for certain lives. ‘Tl. M. for £24 10s. grants to
S. P. a coppyhold ten‘, garden, orchard, part of the Mannor of Beckington,
on the S. side of Goose Street, for 99 years or for the lives of 8.P., aged 47,
and his sons, James, 21, and Samuel, 20 years. Rent 2s., Heriott 2s. Sig.,
Thomas Methuen. Wits., P. lL. Assenton, Geo. Brewer.
7. Lease for 99 years dat.7 May 24 Geo. II. 1751. The same parties
and property as (8). Sig. P. Methuen, Wits. Chas Hotchkin, Dan.
Clutterbuck.
8. Counterpt. of Lease for 99 years dat. 7 May 24 Geo. I]. 1751. Ref.
Robert Webb, Esq., heretofore Lord of the Manor of Beckington, leased
for 99 years to eight parishioners the house called the Church House over
against the Cross in Beckington, with provision for the renewal of the lease
for a like period. Now Paul Methuen, of Corsham, Esq., for 6s. 8d., leases
to William Sainsbury, Rector of Beckington, Nathaniel Mortimer, William
Mortimer, Simon Tree, Edward Webb, Jacob Naish, Stephen Skurray,
Thomas Neeves, Parishioners, the s’d Church House with ground at. back,
70ft. by 80ft., for 99 years in trust for the benefit of the Parishioners of
By Canon HE. P. Knubley. 429
Beckington. Rent one pound of waxor 6d. Sigs., Wm. Sainsbury, Rectr.,
Nathl. Mortimer, Wm. Mortimer, Sim°® Tree, Edw. Webb, Jacob Naish,
Stephen Skurray, Thos. Neeves. Wits. Joseph Mitten. John Nastfield.
Endorsed, surrendered and a new Lease granted dat. 4 July, 1791.
9. Counterpart of Lease for 99 years, 9 Sept. 34 Geo. II., 1760. Paul
Methuen, of Corsham, Esq., for £25 grants to Joseph Phillips, of Beckington,
clothier, a mess. with garden and orchard formerly in poss. of Simon
Phillips, alias Grant (6), for 99 years or for the lives of Joseph Phillips,
Hannah his wife, and Sarah his dau. Rent 2s. Herriott 2s. Sig. Joseph
Phillips. Wits. Dan. Clutterbuck, Edward Palmer.
10. Counterpt. of Lease for 99 years dat. 10 Oct. 9 Geo. III., 1769.
Paul Methuen, of Corsham, Esq., for £36 grants to Joseph Phillips, of
Beckington, clothier, two dwelling houses in Goose Street, in occ. of
Absolam Glare and Jeremiah Reed as ten‘ for 99 years or for the lives of
Joseph Phillips, and Joseph aged 7,and James aged 5 years, sons of Joseph
Wheeler, of Beckington, clothworker. Kent 2s. Sig. Joseph Phillips, Wits.
Dan. Clutterbuck, John Pearce.
11. Counterpt. of Lease for 99 years dat. 30 June 17 Geo. III., 1777.
Paul Methuen, of Corsham, for £6 grants to Joseph Phillips, of Becking-
ton, clothier, a mess. with garden and orchard in Goose Street, formerly in
occ. of Simon Phillips, otherwise Grant (6 & 9), for 99 years or for the life
of William, son of Joseph Wheeler, of Beckington, clothworker. Rent 2°,
Herriott 2°. Sig. Joseph Phillips. Wit., Dan. Clutterbuck.
12. Counterpt. of Lease for 99 years dat. 24 June 19 Geo. III., 1779.
Paul Methuen, of Corsham, Esq., for £8 8s. grants to Francis Skurray, of
Beckington, gent, a mess. with garden in Goose Street now divided into
two tents one in occ. of Richard Carter, scribler, the other untenanted, for
99 years or for the lives of Thomas aged 8, Elizabeth 7, and Francis
aged 4 years, sons and dau. of Francis Skurray. Rent 3%. 4°. Fine
for adding a life £5. Sig., Fs. Skurray. Wit., Tho. Carter.
13. Counterpt. of Lease for 99 years, dat. 27 Sept. 28 Geo. III. 1788.
Paul Methuen of Corsham, Esq., Lord of the Manor of Beckington, for
£2 Qs. grants to Edward Freeman of Beckington, taylor, a plot of ground
near the Turnpike Road from B. to Bath, being part of the Waste Ground
of thes’d Manor, length 17 Luggs, width 14ft., also a small plot adjoining,
4ft. 6in. by 10ft., on which a Weigh Bridge House was erected by the Com-
missioners of Beckington Turnpike. Rent2s. Sig., Edw’ Freeman. Wits.,
Thos. Carter, Jas. Mundy.
14. Counterpt. of Lease for 99 years dat. 21 Dec. 31 Geo. III. 1790. Paul
Methuen, of Corsham, Esq, for £8 8s. grants to Joseph Wheeler, cloth-
worker, and William Bailey, shopkeeper, both of Beckington, a mess. with
garden and orchard in Goose Street formerly in occ. of Simon Phillips,
otherwise Grant (6), for 99 years or for the life of John aged 15 years, son
of William Wheeler. Rent 2°. Herriot 2%. Sigs. Joseph Wheeler, Wm.
Bailey. Wit., Thos. Carter.
15. Counterpt. of Lease for 99 years dat. 4 July 31 Geo. III, 1791.
Ref. Lease 7 May, 1751, (7 & 8). Now Paul Methuen, of Corsham, Esq.,
430 The Society's MSS.—Beckington.
leases the Church House for a like period and on the same terms to
Stephen Skurry, William Chislett, Samuel Kelson, gents., William Hay-
ward, clothier, William Willis, maltster, James Carpenter, mealman, James
Allen, maltster, and Joseph Mitten, inn-holder, 8 parishioners of Beckington.
Sigs., Stephn. Skurray, William Chislett, Sam! Kelson, Willm. Willis,
James Carpenter, James Allen, Joseph Mitten. Wits., Stephen Shaw, James
Allen. The mark of (2) James Rodaway. Dan. Clutterbuck.
William Hayward did not sign.
16. Counterpt. of Lease for 99 years dat. 10 Oct. 31 Geo. III., 1791.
Paul Methuen, of Corsham, Esq., for £2 2s. leases to Joseph Wheeler
clothworker, and William pailoy shopkeeper, both of Beckington, two
dwelling houses and gardens in Goose Street formerly in occ. of Absolam
Glare and Jeremiah Reed but now of Edward Brewer and Joseph Smith,
to hold immediately after the determination of Lease dat. 7 Oct., 1769, (10),
for 99 years or for the life of John, aged 15 years, son of Joseph Wheeler.
Rent 2°. Sig. Wm. Bailey. Wit. Tho. Carter.
17. Lease for 7 years dat. 23 Dec, 32 Geo. III. 1791. (Two membranes)
Paul Methuen of Corsham, Esq., leases to John Moody of St. Mary’s Court,
P. of Beckington, yeoman, a mess. with buildings, etc, called St. Mary’s
Court Farm, a farm house called Billingsgate, late in occ. of William Bethel,
a close called the Orchard, 5a., a meadow called Pond Mead, 9a., a close
called the Paddock, 14a., a close called Green Park, 17a., a close called Hop
Yard, 2a., a close called Peasroo Paddock, 3a.,2 closes called Edmoor East
and West Paddocks, 104a., now in one enclosure,a close called Eastpond Pad-
dock, 3a., Middle Pond Paddock, 3a., West or Pondhesa Paddock, 43a., the
Eight Acres, 9a., the Five Acres, va., Green Slait, 2l1a., Great SERS lia.,
Edmoor Mead, 1, Fourteen Acres, 14a., the Coppice, 6a., Tenantry Mead,
15a., Oxen Leeze, 8a., Corn Close, 6a., Lower Caswells, 7a., Upper Caswells,
6a., part of grounds called Haygroves, Kast Paddock, 2a., Little Haygrove,
7a., Great Haygrove, 15a., Rey Grass Ground, 5a., Mount Pleasant Orchard,
1da., West Leigh, 1la., Pains Mead, 5a., Davidges Paddock, 3a., the Farm
Ground, 9a., Beanacre Mead, 3a., West Fourteen Acres, 14a.. West Ten
Acres, 10a., Great Ten Acres, 9a., Little Ten Acres, lla., Twenty Acres,
22a., Woodmead Hill, 12a., Wood Mead, 7a., Path Mead, 7a, Long South
Mead, 2a., Long North Mead, 4a., South Fourteen Acres, 16a., Cow Leaze,
17a., Shepherd’s Mead, 12a., Picked Five Acres, 6a, Ox Leaze, 12a., South
Ten Acres, 10a., and 3 closes called Mitchell Moore, 2la., and Yard in the
P. of Beckington, late in occ. of George Kemp, now of John Moody as tent
for 7 years. Rent £330. Sig. and seal, P. Methuen. Wit, Dan.
Clutterbuck.
18. Lease for 7 years dat. 23 Dec. 32 Geo. III. 1791. Another copy of
(17), identical in every way except that part of the signature Paul Methuen
has been cut away.
19. Counterpt. of Lease for 99 years dat. 21 Nov. 40 Geo. III., 1799.
Paul Cobb Methuen, of Corsham House, Esq., for £8 grants to Samuel
Dainton, of Beckington, clothier, a mess. with garden in Goose Street,
Beckington, formerly in poss. of Thomas Biss, late of John Harrison,
By Canon H. P. Knubley. 431
broad weaver, dec’d, and now of Betty, his widow, for 99 years or for the
lives of John Harrison, dec’d, and of James and Rebecca, his son and dau.
Rent 48. Herriot 7°. 62. Sig. Samuel Dainton. Wit. Thos. Carter.
20. Counterpt. of Lease for 99 years dat. 16 June 40 Geo. III., 1800.
Paul Cobb Methuen, of Corsham House, Esq., for £10 10s. leases to John
Singer, of Beckington, cordwainer, a mess. with garden and orchard in
Goose Street, formerly in poss. of Simon Phillips, otherwise Grant (6), but
now of Joanna Brewer, to hold after the expiration of lease dat. 21 Dec.,
1790 (14), for 99 years or for the lives of John Singer, 37 years, and John,
aged 12, his son. Rent 2°. Herriot 2°. Sig. John Singer. Wit. Thos.
Carter.
21. Counterpt. of Lease for 99 years dat. 8 Aug. 1811. Paul Cobb
Methuen of Corsham House, Esq., for £20 grants to Mary Singer, of
Beckington, wid., a mess. with garden and orchard in Goose Street, formerly
in poss. of Simon Phillips, otherwise Grant (6) for 99 years or for the lives
of Mary Singer, aged 44 years, and Joseph, aged 20, her son. Rent 2s.
Heriot 2s. Sig. Mary Singer. Wit. ‘I’. H. Saunders.
432
THE BARROWS ON MIDDLE DOWN, ALVEDISTON,
By R. C. C. Chay, M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P., F.S.A.
BARROW 1 (GoppARD’s List).
In the “ List of Prehistoric, Roman, and Pagan Saxon Antiquities of
Wilts” (W.A.IL, xxxviil., 164), this barrow is referred to as “just W. of
road and E. of Coombe, 3-mile N.W. of Church. O.M. 6in. 69 S.E. Not
on A.W. I. Stations VIII., IX.” It is situated in Lat. 57.0.40, Lon. 2.2.35
west.
There were signs of its having been ploughed over, but its crest was so
uniformly round that it was hoped that the burial beneath had never been
disturbed. Its height appeared to be greater than it actually was on
account of the levelling of the land around it by the continued action of
the plough throughout the centuries. The east and west edges of the
barrow were in fact negative lynchets, but to the north and south the mould
had flowed over the ditch, altering the shape of the mound asa whole and
giving it the appearance of being more extensive than it really was.
A wide trench was driven into the centre of the barrow from the south-
east, the ditch cleared and the material removed down to the natural un-
disturbed chalk. (Fig. I.). Investigation showed that the ditch was 10ft.
wide at the top, with gently sloping sides, and a basin-shaped bottom cut
2ft. into the solid chalk. The lower part of it was filled with chalk rubble
that had evidently silted down from the chalky layer thrown up over the
barrow from the material obtained when the ditch was made after the rais-
ing of the mound. Above this chalky rubble, there was a sagging band of
thick mould that represented the original silting from the grass-covered
mound before the first ploughing of the barrow. On top of the mould
appeared the earthy flint rubble brought down from the surface of the
mound by the action of the plough. It was this earthy flint rubble, scraped
up from the top soil in the vicinity by the barrow builders, that constituted
the material of which the mound was composed.
In the mould band in the ditch, there were three or four fragments of
pottery, of which those that are least abraded can be ascribed with certainty
to the Early Iron Age. This indicates that in those days the barrow had
lost by weathering only the top coating of chalk and a certain amount of
mould from the turf and had not yet suffered injury from the plough; an
illustration of the superiority of intellect of the peoples of the Early Iron
Age over those, who in these so-called enlightened days, would make road
metal of stone circles on Dartmoor or fire shells at long barrows on Salis-
bury Plain.
At the estimated centre a cist was discovered measuring 8ft. 10in. by 3ft.
6ins., and averaging 1ft. in depth. The soil in and above it was composed
almost entirely of pure chalk rubble, and was evidence of a previous open-
ing of the barrow. A few fragments of unburnt human bones were found
in the filling of the cist and in the soil above it, but no charcoal, pottery, or
433
The Barrows on Middle Down, Alvediston.
"YIOOL, §a09 “OD
‘A19}}0g esV ezuolg “q “yeyO peqanysipug “O'Q ‘uoyopyg sy ‘efqqny Aqywey “wa
‘el MOLIVG ‘UOysIpeaTW ‘UoryoeC
ee
LILY AP °
APY peqinjsipag “On
Sraad Aqaed A eq Ae amd “WO “lAINY ANeGO “YO “POW “WN
"3JG9 JNOQe—uUIG B[VOG “JT MOLIVG ‘UOISIPOEATW “uoTJIeG
434 The Barrows on Middle Down, Alvedist on.
other objects. The person who had rifled the cist had broken away the
south-western edge of it and in all probability had thrown away the small
fragment of pottery (seemingly beaker) that was found on the hard chalk
2ft. from the eastern side of the cist. Sir Arthur Keith has kindly ex-
amined the bones for me and states that they belonged to a robust man of
5ft. Zins. in height.
The small size of the cist makes it a certainty that the skeleton was
crouched, and it is reasonable to suppose that the burial dated from the
Early Bronze Age.
Mr. A. S. Kennard, A.L.S., and Mr. B. B. Woodward, F.L.S., have ex-
amined a sample of soil from the bottom of the ditch for mollusca and have
identified the following species :—Vztrea crystallina (Mull.), 2 examples.
Arion sp., 5 granules. Goniodiscus rotundatus (Mull.),2 examples. Vallonia
excentrica (Sterk.), 1 example. Xerophila itala (Linn.), 1 example.
. Fruticicola hispida (Linn.), 2 examples. Pupilla muscorum (Linn.), 2
examples. Vertigo pygmaea(Drap.), lexample. Pomatias elegans (Mull.),
3 examples. Theyconsider that these shells indicate slightly damp conditions
with scrub growth.
Barrow Ia.
This barrow is situated close to and to the east of Barrow I. (Goddard's
List). It has been ploughed almost completely flat, and if it had not been
for the slight depression over the ditch and the more luxuriant growth of
the grass there, it would have been impossible to discover it.
The ditch (Fig. 2) is circular, 2ft. 4in. deep and 4ft. 4ins wide, with a flat
bottom 1ft. 5ins. wide, and sloping sides ; the exterior wall having the more
gentle fall. The diameter of the barrow measured from centre to centre of
ditch is 36ft. At a depth of 9 inches below ground level in the filling of the
ditch were found four fragments of typical Bronze Age pottery, probably
the remains of a collared urn. Three inches below this were two pieces of
Romano-British pottery that fitted together, and immediately beneath
these the tooth of an ox. At the true centre of the barrow we came upon
the hard undisturbed chalk at a depth of 8 inches, and lying on it, without
any cist or apparent covering, human bones consisting of portions of the
femur, ulna and radius of an adult of robust build. The rest of the skeleton
had been destroyed by the plough. ‘The position of the bones suggested that
the skeleton originally lay in a crouched attitude with the head to the west
and the feet to the east. No objects were found with this burial.
Although all traces of a mound have disappeared yet the fact that burial
was by inhumation and not by cremation excludes the supposition that this
was a ruined disc barrow. The finding of the Bronze Age pottery high up
in the silting of the ditch clinches the diagnosis that the skeleton was that
of an early Bronze Age burial.
The following species of Mollusca have been identified by Mr. A. S.
Kennard, A.L.S., and Mr. B. B. Woodward, F.L.S.. from soil from the
bottom of the ditch :—Arion sp., 1 granule. Xerophila itala (Linn.), 1
example. Helix nemoralis (Linn.), 1 example.
By B.C. C. Clay. ay 435
Barrow Ib.
Situated on the southern side of the Ridgeway in Lat. 51.2.38, Lon.
2.9.37 west, and being for the most part covered by gorse, this barrow has .
hitherto escaped notice. It is low, has no. ditch, and is composed almost
entirely of top soil scraped up from the surrounding down. It has been
honeycombed by rabbits, and probably a rabbit has at some time been dug
out from the centre, for there were signs that the primary burial had been
disturbed.
A cist, made like a plover’s nest, was found in the old turf line in the
centre of the barrow. In it and around it in the various rabbit holes were
fragments of charcoal and burnt human bones. There is no doubt that
the burial consisted simply of a small heap of cremated bones and that
these were never contained in an urn.
In beginning the trench outside the northern edge of this barrow, we
came upon two deep and ancient wheel tracks, the ground between them,
representing the centre of the old road, being covered with minutely
powdered flints. A line of molehills was almost the only surface indication
of this. It led away into the high gorse to the south-east, while, to the
north-west, it went past the edge of the “amphitheatre ” to joint the ridge-
way opposite the La ‘lene I. village site of Swallowcliffe Down,' into which
it appeared torun. The ruts were the same distance apart as those caused
by a modern waggon.
Barrow Ic.
The situation of this barrow is in Lat. 51.1.34, Lon. 2.2.53 west, a few
‘yards south of the ridgeway and to the west of the “amphitheatre.” Its
outline is circular and it is surrounded by a ditch which is clearly visible
and causes the barrow to appear higher than it really is. It is covered
by nettles, raspberries, and elder bushes and is riddled with rabbit holes
(Fig 3).
After the ditch had been cleared on the north and south sides, a trench
was started on the south side of the mound about half-way between the
estimated centre and the ditch, and within a few feet the sides of a cist
were exposed. It was rectangular with rounded corners and measured 34
by 7 feet and 2 feet deep. It pointed due north and south, the northern
°o S 40 FEET
Alvediston. Barrow Ic.
W.A.I,, xliil., p. 59—93,
436 The barrows on Middle Down, Alvediston.
end of the cist being under the centre of the barrow. In it lay an extended |
skeleton with the head to the south and the face looking down on to the
right shoulder. The jaw was closed and the left elbow was away from the
body and bent so that the left hand rested on the pelvis. The right arm
hung down by the side, the hand with fingers extended touched the right
femur. The left leg was fully extended, while the right foot rested on the
left instep. ‘he remains of an iron shield-boss was found with the knob
upwards just above the left elbow. On the left side of the head was an
iron spearhead 114 inches long with split socket. Parallel with it and to
the left there was a pointed ferrule with the remains of a wooden shaft
within it. The blade of an iron knife lay with point upwards over the
pelvis close to the left hand, but the tang was found several inches nearer
the head of the skeleton. Just below the elbow, over the head of the right
radius a fragment, approximately a quarter, of a bracelet of Kimmeridge
shale was discovered. The fractures were old and in spite of diligent search
no more of it was found, and we were forced to the conclusion that it had
been broken before burial and only this piece placed in the cist. ‘The fact
that the ferrule was lying close to the spearhead is evidence that the shaft
was also broken before burial and justifies the supposition that the knife
also had been broken and that the presence of the tang some inches above
the point of the blade was not due to secondary causes after interment.
This intentional fracture of grave furniture has long been recognised, and
arrowheads have often been found broken or burnt with the body. It
| FLPMA
ya at on
\ 2 N zs x
<= “ey he
& a %
uN
N iS ,
ig ¢
xe 8
=
x §
. é -
in vs é
fz re, Pa
Plan. Alvediston. Barrow Ic.
|
|
}
|
|
|
]
Report on Saxon Skull. 437
has been suggested that only useless objects were placed in the grave ; but
this is obviously incorrect. The most plausible theory is that by breaking
or “killing” the weapons buried with a body it was thought that they
would follow the deceased to the next world and would be of service to him
again.
The barrow earth consisted for the most part of the ordinary flinty top
soil. Above the skeleton and in the upper filling of the cist, the soil was
-very compact and free of flint and chalk. It had apparently been dug from
the upper mould over the ditch of the neighbouring cattle-way (the so-called
“covered way”) which has been proved by excavation to date from the
Early Iron Age and to be contemporary with the Swallowcliffe Down
village. In this fine mould and immediately above the skeleton were five
or six very large blocks of flint intentionally placed there. ‘They had
crushed the skull. In the barrow earth and on the old turf line under the
-mould were several pieces of sandstone and Early Iron Age pottery which
‘had without doubt come from the adjoining village site.
One of the most interesting features of this barrow is the surrounding
ditch. It is unusual to find ditches round primary Saxon barrows, and
their presence may imply a persistence of burial fashion from the late
Bronze Age. No ditch was found in the isolated Saxon burial on Barrow
Hill, Ebbesbourne Wake I., one mile to the south; although no doubt the
two interments were almost contemporary. [Devizes Museum has lately
acquired the MSS. notes of Mr. EK. Martin Atkins, the excavator of the
Saxon Barrow on White Horse Hill, Berks, published by Thurnam in
Cramna Britanica, vol. JI. Mr. Atkins begins his account with the words,
“The barrow was of so slight an elevation above the surrounding ground
that it would have been scarcely perceptible had it not been for the sinking
of the ditch which marked its form in resemblance of a distorted figure of
8.” There were eight skeletons in this curiously shaped barrow. With
one they found an iron umbo, handle of shield and knife, and with another
an enamelled brooch. Several of the skulls were lying detached from the
skeletons. ‘The barrow was opened in 1858.]
REPORT ON THE SKULL OF A SAXON FROM A BARROW AT ALVEDISTON.
By Sir Artuour KeEItTa, F.R.S.
In this skull are to be recognised all the characteristics usually to be seen
in skulls from Saxon burial places. The skull is exceptionally long, 203mm.,
being thus about 11 mm. above the mean for the skulls of Saxon men.
This extra length is in part due to the greatly developed supraorbital
ridges—particularly the supranasal parts of these ridges ; but even if we
allow for this element and take the measurement of length from the fore-
head above the ridges we still obtain a length of 201mm. On the other
hand the widest part of the skull measures only 139mm., three millimetres
under the mean for Saxon skulls. The width is 73°4% of the length, the
cephalic index lying well within the dolichocephalic range.
In Saxon skulls the width at the frontal bone is relatively great when
mon, -XLII—NO. CXLV. Guz,
438 Report on Saxon Skull.
compared with the biparietal width, and this is markedly the case in the
present instance. The maximum bifrontal width is 123mm., only 16mm.
less than the biparietal width. The minimal frontal width is 98mm., a close
approach to the Saxon mean. The width between the anterior ends of the
Opposite masto-parietal sutures is 130mm., between the posterior ends
119mm., the width on the mastoid process behind the ears is 128mm., which
gives a clue to the thickness of the neck from side to side. The neck was —
not short and thick but rather slender, the head being poised as in most
young Englishmen with the occiput projecting freely and fully backwards.
The occipital projection may be indicated by placing a skull in the Frankfort
plane and measuring the extent to which the most backward projecting
part of the occipital bone overshoots the external occipital protuberance.
In this case the occiput projects 15mm. behind the occipital protuberance.
The skull is that of a young man of between 25 and 30 years : the cranial
sutures are quite unclosed and the crowns of the second and third molar
teeth unworn. He was large-brained ; the skull being unfit for having its |
brain space taken by direct measurement, we applied the Lee-Pearson
formula and obtained a capacity of 1535cc., fully 55cc. above the Saxon
mean. This extra capacity is due to a great height as well as to a great
length. The vault rises 122mm. above the ear passages; the height- |
diameter measured from basion to bregma is 143mm.
We now come to a description of facial characters, where we meet with a
difficulty. We have to estimate the position of the nasion because the root |
of the nose and part of the overhanging forehead has been broken away, |
but making all allowance for error it is clear that the base of the skull, as |
measured from basion to nasion, was exceptionally great—namely 1limm.; |
thus Flowers’ method of reckoning the facial projecticn of this man places |
him in the mesognathous group. Yet this manner of estimating prognathism |
does not bring out a peculiar feature of this skull, one often seen in Saxons |
and also in the Beaker skulls of the early Bronze period—namely the degree
to which the upper incisor teeth and alveolar parts of the jaw project in ©
front of the nose, the degree of subnasal prognathism. When we measure |
the distance of the subnasal point, just under the base of the nasal spine, |
from the basion we find it to be 102mm., 9mm. less than the distance of |
basion to alveolar point. The difference between these measurements, |
9mm., indicates the high degree of subnasal prognathism.
The face was long; the length of the upper face was 77mm., of this |
amount the nose made up only 52mm, the nose being of medium length —
and yet in comparison with the upper face length relatively short. The |
total face length was 130mm.; this includes 34mm. for the height of the |
symphysis of the lower jaw, and 77mm. from the floor of the nose to the |
lower border of chin. The chin was square, projecting as a shelf; the |
width of the chin shelf was 46mm.
The nose was not wide, 24mm., the width of the face—bizygomatic width |
13lmm., the width between the anterior ends of the masseteric attachments. |
99mm. The orbits were of moderate height, the left 36mm., the right |
33mm.; the width in each case4lmm. The width of the supraorbital region |
of the forehead was 109mm., 11mm. more than the minimal width of the |
By Sir Arthur Keith, FBS. 439
forehead. Herein we have an index of the great supraorbital development ;
for the more the supraorbital width exceeds the minimal frontal, the greater
is the robusticity of the supraorbital ridges. Thus we have a man with a
long face of medium width, marked by strong supraorbital ridges and robust
square chin, regular but not prominent nose, and above all a fullness or pro-
jection of jaws and teeth. Saxon teeth are usually large in their dimensions ;
in the present instance they are exceptionally so. All the teeth are free
from disease and injury and in the most perfect state. The three lower
molars have a combined length of 35mm., the first and third being of equal
size and larger than the second. The length of the dental palate of the
upper jaw is 59mm., an exceptional measurement ; the width between the
surfaces of the canine teeth is 45mm., between the second pair of molars
69mm.
The right femur is also preserved. It indicates a stature of 5ft. 8in. and
a strong muscular development. The oblique Jength or height of the femur
is 490mm.; the diameter of its head 54mm.; the upper part of the shaft
shows a degree of back to front flattening—the width being 39mm. and the
front to back diameter 30mm.
The lower jaw seems to have been pierced by a sharp instrument,
apparently before death. The skull has been broken and cracked long after
burial in many places, but one of the fractures may have been produced in
life by the thrust of a spearhead.
(Note.—This skull is now in the Museum of the Royal College of
Surgeons, London).
2 Ge,
440
THE SEVENTY-THIRD GENERAL MEETING
OF
THE WILTSHIRE ARCHAOLOGICAL AND NATURAL
HISTORY SOCIETY,
HELD AT CHIPPENHAM)!
August 9th, 10th, and L1th, 1926.
The Society met again at Chippenham for the third time in its history,
the previous meetings having been held there in 1855, 1869, and 1902. The
Annual General Meeting was held in the Town Hall, at 2.15, on Monday,
August 9th, the chair being taken by Mr. Penruddocke, in the absence of
the president, Mr. W. Heward Bell. The minutes of last year’s meeting?
having been read and confirmed, and one new member having been elected
[Three more were elected later on during the meeting], the Chairman called
on the Hon. Secretary to read the
REPORT FOR 1925—26.
Members —The numbers on the Society’s books at the present time,
including those elected at this year’s meeting, are one honorary member,
16 life members, and 417 annual subscribers—a total of 434 in all. The
Society has lost in the past year 14 members by death and 46 by resignation,
whilst one new life member and 46 new annual members have been elected.
One annual member has commuted his annual subscription for life member-
ship. In last year’s report the total number of members then on the
Society’s list was stated to be 456, but many of these were in considerable
arrear with their subscriptions and have since definitely resigned, and those
who remain on the list are effective subscribing members. ‘The full effect
of the raising of the annual subscription to 15s. 6d. has now been felt, and
the result is seen to be a small diminution in the actual number of members,
and a very considerable increase in the income of the Society.
Finance.—The accounts for 1925, as published in the June, 1996,
Magazine, show that on the General Fund the balance during the year had
1The fullest account of the meeting is to be found in the Wiltshire
Gazette, August 12th, 19th, 26th, September 2nd and 9th, 1926.
2 As arising out of these minutes, the Hon. Secretary explained that the |
Committee, to whom the question of the retention at Devizes of the Gold
Locket containing a portrait of King Charles I had been referred back by
the General Meeting of 1925, had decided that this locket should not be
parted with, but should be kept at Devizes, and that the case in which it
was exhibited should be fitted with a plate-glass lid, and that this had |
accordingly been done.
SS ee
The Seventy-third General Meeting. 441
increased from £47 13s. 8d. to £126 18s. 10d. The Museum Maintenance
Fund on the other hand, starting with a balance of £89, ended the year
with one of £39 13s. 8d., having in addition to the usual maintenance
expenses provided £58 for repairs and the making of new cases for the
Museum. ‘The balance on the Museum Enlargement Fund increased from
45 7s. to £7 5s. 9d. The Museum Purchases Fund also increased from
£91 1s. 5d. to £93 1s. 5d. The Life Membership Fund decreased from
£88 11s. 8d. to £81 17s. 2d. ‘The total balances on the tive funds which
finance the ordinary work of the Society, excluding the special funds for
printing the Simon of Ghent Register, and for the support of the Bradford
Barn, on December 31st, 1925, amounted to £348 16s. 1ld., as against
£310 12s. 6d.—an increase of £38 4s. 5d., which in face of the considerable
expenditure both on the Magazine and the Museum, may be considered
satisfactory. |
The Magazine.—J'wo numbers (142 and 143) were issued as usual during
1925, at a total cost of £267 lls. They contained 266 pages, and a larger
number of illustrations than have appeared in the J/agazene for many years
past. This was only rendered possible by the larger income of the General
Fund, arising from the increased subscription, and even so, this number of
illustrations could not have been provided if it had not been for the very
kind gift of the blocks illustrating their papers by Mrs. Cunnington, the
Earl of Kerry, Canon Manley, and Dr. W. M. Tapp, to whom the Society
is much indebted for this help.
The Museum.—The Society is once more indebted to Dr. Clay for one of
the most notable additions to its collections of late years, in the remarkable
series, excellently restored, of ten cinerary urns of the Late Bronze Age
from the Woodminton group of barrows in Bowerchalke. We have also to
thank the Hon. Curator and Mrs. Cunnington for three Bronze Age cinerary
urns from Knowle, another from Market Lavington, and a fine drinking
cup from Lockeridge; and Mr. A. Shaw Mellor for a good example of the
Great Seal of George V. It is satisfactory to record that the objects found
several years ago in the very important excavations in the ditch at Avebury,
carried out by Mr. H. St. George Gray for the British Association, have
recently been placed on permanent loan at Devizes. For this our Society
has to thank the Excavation Committee of the British Association. Much
excellent work has been done by the Hon. Curator and Mrs. Cunnington
during the past year in the re-arrangement of parts of the prehistoric col-
lections in the new cases provided from the Museum Maintenance Fund.
The Library.—The principal work accomplished since the last meeting
has been the binding up and placing on the shelves of a large number of
volumes containing the very extensive MS. Genealogical Collections
bequeathed to the Society by Mr. John Watson Taylor and Mr. John Sadler.
The whole of these collections are thus now available for easy consultation..
In this connection the Society has to record its gratitude to Mrs. J. L.
Lovibond and Miss Baker for the gift of £10 in memory of their father,
Mr. ‘I’. H. Baker, to be used for the future binding up of the MS. copies of
Monumental Inscriptions in Wiltshire Churches and Churchyards made by
him, and now in the possession of the Society. The thanks of the Society
442 The Seventy-third General Meeting.
are also due to Canons F. H. Manley and E. P. Knubley for the very careful
Calendar and Abstracts of the Society’s Deeds connected with Seagry and
with the Methuen family respectively, which have been completed by them.
New volumes of Wiltshire Portraits, Wiltshire Drawings and Prints, and
Wiltshire Cuttings and Scraps have been mounted and catalogued during
the year. Amongst many gifts of Wiltshire Books and Pamphlets, a further
series of Wilton Estate maps, given by the Earl of Pembroke through Mr.
O. G. S. Crawford, the rare “ Wiltshire Rant,” given by Mr. B. Hankey,
and “ Archeologia,” brought up-to-date by Mr. E. H. Stone, may be
specially noticed.
Excavations.—The systematic work at Stonehenge has been carried a
stage further by Col. W. Hawley; Dr. R. C. Clay has been busy excavating
the Woodminton group of Barrows in Bowerchalke and in other diggings
in that neighbourhood ; the Cleft in the Rock at Slaughterford has been
examined by the Bristol Speleological Society, and the results are
published in their Journal. Mr. Passmore has opened certain barrows in
North Wilts, the account of which will appear in the Magazine later on.
Next to Stonehenge itself, the most important excavations in the county,
now proceeding, are those being systematically carried out by Mr. and Mrs.
Alex. Keiller at Windmill Hill, Avebury. ‘These seem likely to require
work for several years to come, and promise to provide material for a new
chapter in British archeology. Mr. Keiller has established a private
museum at his house in London, No. 4, Charles Street, W. 1, at which
until the excavations are finished, objects found on the site will be
exhibited, and he desires it to be known that from next autumn onwards
anyone interested in the matter—and more particularly any member of the
Wilts Archeological Society—will be very welcome to see the collection.
Manorial Rolls and Deeds.— Under the Act recently passed, Court Rolls
and other Manorial Deeds come under the direct care of the Master of the
Rolls in cases of the sale of properties and similar circumstances. In his
enquiry as to suitable centres at which such documents might be deposited,
the Master of the Rolls showed a desire to recognise the claims of our Society
to their custody, but fireproof accommodation on a considerable scale was a
sine gua non, and that, unfortunately, we could not offer, nor was it to be
found anywhere within the county. In these circumstances the offer of the
Library of Bristol University, which is well equipped in this respect, was
accepted, and that Library will be in future the official centre for the
deposit of such manorial documents as come into the hands of the Master
of the Rolls in the counties of Somerset and Wilts.
The Monumental Inscriptions of Salisbury Cathedral.—These'Inscriptions
were transcribed in full by the late Mr. T. H. Baker, of Salisbury, about
1902. His MS., against the wish of his daughters, went to America, but it
had happily been copied for our Society before it disappeared. The Editor
of Zhe Wiltshire Gazette offered most generously to print these Inscriptions
in the Gazette, and they have accordingly been appearing in weekly instal-
ments for some time past, Mr. J. J. Hammond having undertaken to blazon
all the heraldry, and Miss M. K. Swayne Edwards to copy all the inscriptions
later than the date of Mr. Baker's work.
The Seventy-third General Meeting. 443
The report having been read and adopted, the officers of the Society and
the members of committee were re-elected en bloc, and the business having
concluded the members present adjourned at 3 o'clock to the Parish Church,
where Mr. EK. M. Awdry, one of the churchwardens, in the absence of the
Vicar, gave a very clear account of the objects of interest in the Church,
and the changes which had been brought about in its arrangement and
appearance in his own recollection. At the close of his remarks a suggestion
was made that the remarkable early carved chest now at the West entrance
under the Tower should be moved to some other position in the Church
where it could be better seen, as its present position hardly gives it the
prominence it seems to deserve. At 3.30 a start was made for Stanton St.
Quintin Church, the principal points of which were pointed out by the
Rey. E. H. Goddard, who pleaded that some further protection from the
weather might be given to the remarkable early sculpture of the Saviour
enthroned with his feet on the dragon now built into the west wall. From
the Church the party adjourned to the Manor House close by, where they
were entertained at tea on the lawn by the kind hospitality of Mr. and Mrs.
Hankey. ‘The picturesque medieval Manor House with a tower, of which
drawings still exist, has entirely disappeared and given place to a modern
house, and almost the only sign of its former existence now visible, is the
large circular stone dovecot which has not only the whole of its interior
walls fitted with nesting holes, but also has the very unusual feature of a
wall running across its diameter, also fitted on both sides with holes. This
apparently must have been built to increase the accommodation for nesting
pigeons, already quite large. Altogether there must be hundreds of nesting
holes. Happily tea was just over and members were on their way to their
cars before a storm, which had been threatening, broke over them and
hastened their departure at 6 o'clock.
A quarter of an hour’s drive brought the party to Kington St. Michael
Church, with its rather remarkable “ Gothic” tower of 1725, built to
replace the tower which fell during a great storm in 1703. Here again the
Rev. E. H. Goddard acted as guide. ‘he building is not without points of
interest, but was “restored” with drastic thoroughness in 1857, and the
memorial window to John Aubrey and John Britton is an example of what
was possible in the early days of the revival of glass painting.
Half an hour in the motors brought members back to Chippenham, to
the Bear Hotel, which was the official headquarters of the Meeting. There
was no Official dinner but members dined as they pleased at the Bear and
Angel Hotels, and elsewhere.
At 8 o’clock the Mayor and Corporation met in state at the Town Hall
to formally welcome the Society, of whom some 65 were present, and a
very cordial speech by the Mayor was responded to (in the absence of the
President of the Society, Mr. W. Heward Bell) by Capt. B. H. Cunnington,
who referred to the kindness of the Corporation in giving the Society the
use of the 'lown Hall, and the hospitality of the Mayoress, Mrs. Strand, in
providing coffee and light refreshments that evening. The paper of the
evening was a valuable one on the History of Corsham, by Mr. H. Brakspear,
F.S.A., which will appear later in the Magazine. One of the chief attractions
add ~ The Seventy-third General Meeting.
of Chippenham to those members of the Society who are gardeners as well
as archeologists, was Mrs. White’s wonderful garden in the High Street.
This was not visited officially but was most kindly thrown open to any
who wished to see it, and many of those specially interested in gardening
matters found opportunities of seeing it, and admiring its quite unusual
beauty and excellence.
TUESDAY, AUGUST 1¢tH.
Leaving Chippenham at 9.30, Corsham was reached at 10 o'clock, intl
the Hungerford Almshouses were first visited, Mr. Brakspear giving an
account of the buildings and their history. From this picturesque group
of buildings members walked to the Court arriving there as rain began to
fall. Here Lord and Lady Methuen welcomed the party, and at the foot
of the staircase in the Hall, Mr. Brakspear first gave an account of the
history of the House, incidentally correcting certain statements which:
appeared in the programme of proceedings of the meeting, founded on
mistakes in Britton’s account. Lord Methuen then took the members
round the house methodically pointing out the treasures of all kinds with
which it is filled, the famous pictures from the delightful Fra. Filippo. Lippi,
and no less delightful Mabuse downwards ; the furniture, including “ The
Cobb Chest”; the wealth of fine Chelsea, and Worcester, and Oriental
China ; family portraits and miniatures ; splendid big game heads ; and
trophies and souvenirs of the South African War, ‘There were indeed so
many things of first-rate interest to see that the time allotted to the visit
only allowed of individual members seeing a very small portion of the really
notable contents of this great treasure house. From the Court members
walked to the Church where Mr. Brakspear was again the guide. In spite
of the wholesale alterations in 1875—78, when the present tower was
substituted for the original central tower, the Church still contains many
features of interest, and the new work is at least, good of its kind. The
modern glass is especially good. By the time members left the Church the
rain had happily ceased, and the walk to the Town Hall for lunch, at which
Lord Methuen took the chair, was accomplished in the dry. After lunch
the long line of private motor cars and char-a-bancs left at 1.45 for Cheney
Court, threading their way through steep and narrow lanes and in and out
of the drive to the house, according to the minute directions of the Meeting
Secretary, as already laid down for them, And here it may be said that
throughout the proceedings of the meeting car drivers loyally obeyed the
printed directions given them, with the result that there was no confusion
or delay throughout the three days. The arrival at Cheney Court was
signalised by the worst downpour experienced during the meeting. Mr.
and Mrs. Northey were away from home but their house was generously
thrown open to 160 people with dripping mackintoshes and umbrellas, and
the housekeeper was most kind in showing them round and doing all in her
power forthem. The garden arranged in terraces and zig-zag paths down
the steep slope of the little combe at the head of which the fine old house
stands, with its trickling stream and lily pool, must be delightful in fine
weather, and even in its damp and sodden condition won much admiration
The Seventy-third General Meeting. — 445
from the gardeners amongst the members. From the Court to Ditteridge
Church is but a very little distance and members walked there, happily in
a fine interval, and saw what the little Church has to show of Norman
work under the guidance of the Rev. E. H. Goddard.
At 3.30 the cars left Cheney Court and 20 minutes later arrived at Chapel
Plaister. Here Mr. Brakspear, standing on the grass beside the high road,
discoursed on the history of the curious little building, successively a
Hospice for Pilgrims and travellers, a dwelling house, a cottage, a bakery,
a lumber shed, and some years ago restored as a Chapel of Ease for Box.
After listening to Mr. Brakspear members gradually filtered through the
little building which is far too small to contain more than a small propor-
tion of them at one time. From this point a very short drive down the
hill brought the party to the entrance of the Forecourt of Hazelbury Manor.
This was in some ways the chief attraction of the day’s excursion, for very
few of the members had seen the house since its recent rehabilitation as a
stately residence, whilst every body had heard of this very remarkable example
of patient and successful restoration.! The house is at least twice the size that
it was as a farm house, and its front is adorned with a projecting porch of two
storeys and a large oriel window, but porch and oriel and the buildings at
the back of the house have all been raised on the old foundations, and
pieces of the original mullions and tracery, and battlements and string
courses, found buried in modern walls, or under mounds of debris, have
not merely given the pattern of the old structure, but in many cases form
actually no small portion of the reconstructed features as they stand to-day.
Mr. George Kidston, the owner, and Mr. Brakspear, are indeed alike to be
congratulated on the astonishing results of their labours. Here after a
welcome interval for the tea most hospitably provided in the garage by
Mr. and Mrs. Kidston, members gathered in front of the entrance door
whilst Mr. Brakspear spoke on the history of the house and the work lately
accomplished there. ‘he interior was then thrown open and the party
wandered over house and garden until at 6 o’clock the whistle sounded for
the return journey to Chippenham which was duly reached punctually at 6.40.
The evening meeting in the Town Hall, at which 42 members were present,
was held at 7.45, somewhat earlier than usual in order to give time for the
discussion held over from the business meeting of the day before on the
proposal that all ancient monuments scheduled under the act should be
plainly marked as protected. |I)uring the discussion Capt. B. H. Cunnington>
Dr. h. C. C. Clay, and Mrs. Cunnington all agreed as to the great need
that existed of some method of marking all scheduled monuments quite
plainly and visibly. People damaged or destroyed earthworks largely be-
cause they were ignorant of their interest.and value. This was the case
especially in the military area on Salisbury Plain, wherein spite of existing
army orders the destruction of barrows was going on steadily. Instances
were given of a Long Barrow which had lately had all its interior cut out,
quite unnecessarily, to form a shooting range, whilst a fine Disc Barrow
had been chosen as the site for a hut, when a site 20 yards away would
‘See W.A.M., xliii., 377, 378, and Country Life, Feb. 20th, 27th. 1926.
446 The Seventy-third General Meeting.
have done just as well. This sort of thing was continually going on in
spite of general orders, and nothing but some visible sign that the earth-
work was protected would stop it. Wiltshire with its extraordinary wealth
of prehistoric earthworks, of which some 462 long barrows, round barrows,
camps and other earthworks, stone circles, etc., had already been scheduled,
chiefly at the instance of Capt. Cunnington himself, as officia! “ correspon-
dent” of the Office of Works, was especially in need of further measures of
protection, but it was hoped that the other county Archeological Societies
would give their support to the resolution moved by Capt. Cunnington and
seconded by Dr. Clay, and so assist the Office of Works to obtain the
further powers necessary from Parliament. The resolution, which was
passed unanimously, was as follows :—
“That the Wilts Archeological and Natural History Society, whilst fully
recognising the difficulties His Majesty’s Office of Works has to contend
with, and greatly appreciating what has already been done towards pre-
serving the ancient monuments in Wiltshire, wishes to draw the attention
of the Commissioners of Ancient Monuments to the urgent and growing
necessity for obtaining further powers in order that the scheduled monu-
ments may be safeguarded, and suggests that authority should be obtained
for the following purposes :—
(A) Placing in or on each monument that is scheduled, some form of post
or other suitable notice stating that such monument is under Government
protection.
(B) That owners (or their agents) of scheduled monuments shall be
obliged to inform their tenants what scheduled monuments are on their
respective holdings, and that such monuments be registered in the leases
or agreements of tenancies.
(C) That strong representations be made to the War Office respecting
the continued demolition of, and damage to, prehistoric earthworks on
land in the occupation of H.M. War Department in Wiltshire, notwith-
standing the fact that Army Orders have already been issued to the
Southern Command respecting the preservation of these ancient monu-
ments; and that the General Officer Commanding the Southern Command
be furnished with a list of those prehistoric remains which H.M. Office of
Works consider should not be disturbed.
(D) And that the Army Authorities be requested to place some plainly
visible mark or sign in, or on, each of the sites in the above-mentioned list,
showing that they must not be disturbed or made use of for any Army
purpose whatever.”
This business having been disposed of, Mr. E. N. Tuck gave an address
on ‘*‘ Lichens and Mosses,” which both in its contents and in its manner of
delivery was quite a model of what such an address should be, so much so
indeed that in spite of the long day’s journeyings nobody went to sleep,
and everybody’s attention was held throughout, a fact which was clearly
shown by the quite unusual warmth of applause given to the speaker at
the end of the address. Coffee and light refreshments this evening were
most kindly provided by Mr. and Mrs. E. M. Awdry.
The Seventy-third General Meeting. 447
WEDNESDAY, AUGUST llr.
Leaving Chippenham at 9.15 the long train of private cars, which later
on numbered 53, followed by 4 char-a-bancs, made their first stop at Langley
Burrell Church, where Mr. Brakspear, who has lately been in charge of the
difficult work of strengthening the tower walls, which were threatening to
collapse, described the many features of the building which he characterised
as one of the most interesting Churches in the county. From Langley the
cars went on to Draycot Cerne Church, where again Mr. Brakspear acted
as guide, remarking especially on the descent of two steps to the chancel
from the nave, a feature once fairly frequent, but in most cases obliterated
by Nineteenth Century restorations. From this point the route lay up
Dauntsey Hill to Bradenstoke Priory. Here, the members having dis-
embarked, made their way across two fields to “ Clack Mount,” a curious
and little known earthwork with a circular mound and rectangular ditches
around it, visited by kind permission of Mr. Storey, the owner. Here Mrs.
Cunnington standing on the mound spoke to the members assembled below
her. She claimed that the site was that of a small Norman “ Motte and
Bailey” castle, the mound representing the Motte and the rectangular
earthworks the bailey outside it. Such strongholds, crowned by wooden
palisading and defences, were thrown up in considerable numbers by the
Normans in the period succeeding the conquest. Mr. Brakspear who spoke
next, was however of the opinion that the ditches probably represented the
boundaries of the Priory precincts, and he instanced the site of Stanley
Abbey, where the ditches of the Abbey precincts are on a larger scale than
these. The mound, he suggested, might possibly be the site of a windmill.
In any case he thought that the ditches and mound ought to be dug into
and examined before any conclusion was arrived at. Mrs. Cunnington on
the other hand thought that excavation in this case was unlikely to prove
anything, as Norman pottery even if found, would hardly be evidence on
either side of the question, Castle v. Priory. The rectangular plan of part
of the earthworks had suggested the possibility of Roman origin. At this
point the obvious approach of a storm cut the discussion short, and
members hurried back to the Priory. ‘The rain however was soon over and
nobody got really wet. The Priory itself, known popularly, but less
correctly as ‘‘ The Abbey,” has within the last few years been the property
of five successive owners. Sir Prior Goldney sold it to Baron de Tuyl, who
sold it Mr. Williams, who passed it on to Mr. Storey, who in turn sold it
to the present owner Mr. H. Fry. Mr. and Mrs. Fry have recently taken up
their residence in the house, which as yet has been scarcely at all altered
from its previous condition, except that the remarkable head of the fireplace
in the Priors’ room (illustrated in W.A.J/., xliii., 24, fig. 6) which had
been taken to Corsham Court, has found its way back to its original home.
Mr. Brakspear began by giving a short history of the Priory, and of its
buildings, so far as their character is known, and then by the kindness of
Mr. and Mrs. Fry, who were at home to welcome them, members wandered
over the house, and round it, inspected the great Barn, and the new rose
garden, and admired the view over the valley to the distant Cotswolds and
Bath, until lunch was ready in the undercroft. This being over and due
448 The Seventy-third General Meeting.
thanks having been rendered to Mr. and Mrs. Fry for their kindness, and
to Mr. Brakspear who had done so much to make this year’s meeting a
success, members mounted their cars at 1.45 and drove off va Lyneham,
Hilmarton, Calne, and Buckhill to Bowood, where they were received in
the absence of Lord and Lady Lansdowne, by Capt. Hood their agent, who
with the assistance of the housekeeper took the members, now numbering
more than 160, over the house, which together with the gardens and grounds
was most generously thrown open to them, to wander where they would at
their leisure. The Society had also to thank Lord and Lady Lansdowne
for the tea which was arranged in the Orangery. The only shower of the
afternoon fell during tea and so interfered with nobody. With this
exception the afternoon was a lovely one, the House, the Italian gardens,
and the Park were looking their very best, and until 5 o'clock came,
members sat about on the terraces, or strolled through the Pinetum and
the gardens, as they felt inclined, the visit to the Roman Villa at Nuthills
having been cut out of the programme. Altogether it was a most peaceful
and perfect end to a most successful meeting. The numbers attending the
meeting were larger than any recorded since the first meeting of the Society,
180 in all, and though the string of private motor cars had increased to 53,
and some of the roads traversed, particularly those about Cheney Court
and Bradenstoke were extremely narrow and awkward, Capt. Cunnington’s
arrangements were so careful and accurate, and it must be added, were so
willingly obeyed by all concerned, that the time was kept to the minute
throughout the three days and no hitch or difficulty occurred, except the
puncture of a tyre of one of the char-a-bancs at the entrance to Bowood.
If the remarks of members present really represented their feelings, the
meeting was generally regarded as one of the pleasantest and most
successful that the Society has ever held.
449
SHEEP FARMING IN WILTSHIRE, WITH A SHORT
HISTORY OF THE HAMPSHIRE DOWN BREED.
By G. B. Hony.
Some little time ago the Editor of the Wiltshire Gazette asked me to
investigate the present position of sheep farming in this county, as he had
been told that the old custom of folding sheep on the arable land had largely
given place to the habit of keeping a different type of sheep in enclosures
of the Downs. The results of my enquiries were embodied in an article
published in the Wiltshire Gazette on January 28th, 1926, and I have to
thank the editor of that paper for permission to reprint considerable ex-
tracts from it. The present paper, however, deals rather more fully with
the rise of the ‘‘ Hampshire Down ” as we know it to-day.
The early history of sheep farming in Wiltshire is almost the history of
the county itself. Wiltshire’s prosperity in the past grew out of its flocks
of sheep, and thriving wool industries were established in the towns and
villages. Even as late as 1811, Thomas Davis (in his General View of the
Agriculture of Wiltshire) states that ‘Salisbury manufactures great
quantities of fancy woollens. Wilton . . . Devizes a considerable
manufactory of fancy woollens. Bradford, Trowbridge, Warminster, West-
bury, and all the adjacent towns and villages, from Chippenham to
Heytesbury inclusive, carry on most extensive woollen manufactories,
principally of superfine broad cloths, kerseymeres, and fancy cloths.” Soon
after this, however, the wool industry came upon bad times in Wiltshire,
and in 1826 William Cobbett (Rural Rides) gives a most dismal account of
it.
However, important as the wool industry was to Wiltshire, the pro-
duction of wool was quite a secondary reason for the presence of the
enormous flocks of sheep in the south-east of the county. To justify this
statement it is necessary to realise what the country itself is like, and to
understand the system of tenure under which the land used to be held.
Wiltshire may be divided agriculturally into two parts. The Down
country south and east of a line which runs from the Berkshire border in
the north-east to Maiden Bradley in the south-west, and the smaller area
of better land in the north-west of the county. The difference between
the two parts was well described by Cobbett, who says:—“ My road was
now the line of separation between what they call South Wilts and North
Wilts, the former consisting of high and broad downs and narrow valleys
with meadows and rivers running down them ; the latter consisting of a
rather flat enclosed country ; the former a country for lean sheep and
corn; the latter a country for cattle, fat sheep, cheese, and bacon.” It is
the Down part of the country of which one naturally thinks in connection
with sheep.
In the Down country the agricultural value of the land varies enormously,
450 Sheep Farming sn Wiltshire.
from the extremely rich soil in the valleys to the poorest down at the hill
tops. In prehistoric times and, in fact, until the Saxon invasion, the
villages were all on the highest points of the downs, where their remains are
still to be seen, and the downs themselves were cultivated to a certain
extent. In the early days the lower country was densely wooded, and the
hill tops were chosen for the villages from the point of view of protection.
With the advent of the Saxons, however, agriculture began to assume a
greater importance, and the downs went out of cultivation in favour of the
more fertile land in the valleys, in which villages began to spring up. In
the course of time more and more land was brought under cultivation, but
the downs reverted to their natural state. A typical Wiltshire Manor
contained a certain amount of each type of land, starting at the water
meadows in the valley, and running up to the top of the hill, and the
“strip” system of farming—which persisted for the next twelve centuries—
was introduced. ;
The arable land of the manor was divided into “ yard lands,” which
varied from about 15 to 20 acres (or sufficient land for one plough of oxen
and a yard to winter them in). Each “ yard land” was occupied by one
tenant, but it might be in eighteen or twenty pieces to enable each tenant
to hold some land of every quality. In addition to his “ yard land” every
tenant had equal rights of commonage on the sheep down and the cow
down, and between certain dates (¢.g., after harvest) over the whole of the
arable land as well.
The fact that the various holdings on the manor were hopelessly mixed
up, and yet all the arable land was “ common ” at certain times of the year,
made it essential that every tenant should follow exactly the same rotation
of crops, which was regulated by the ‘‘ Custom of the Manor.” It must be |
remembered that roots of any sort were a comparatively late introduction,
as were artificial grasses and clovers, and therefore only the very simplest
rotation was possible.
At Winterbourn Stoke in 1574 (Wilts Arch. Mag., xxxiv., 212) “ Our
Custome is to Divide the Arrable into three feilds ; to sow two feilds, and
leave one Sommor Fallow.” ‘The two fields which were cropped carried
wheat and barley or oats. Obviously no land could carry that rotation for
long without manure, and owing to the shape of the manors in South Wilts
most of the arable land was too remote from the homestead for dung to be
carted to it. Therefore, if corn was to be grown at all, some other system
of manuring was essential—and this system was the sheep fold. Further-
more, most of the arable land in this district is naturally light and loose,
and the sheep fold was the most practicable method of consolidating it.
Hence the importance of the sheep inthe agricultural history of the county.
Like the cropping of the land, the amount of stock kept by each tenant
was regulated by the “Custom of the Manor.” Thus in the Erlestoke
Manor the tenant kept five beasts and twenty-four sheep to each “ yard
land,” while at Winterbourn Stoke “ Our Custome is to keep Fifty-five
Sheep to a Yard Lands upon the Feilds, Down and Commons of the
Mannor, and to Keep Four Cows toa Yard Land .. .” The tenants of
the manor sent their sheep to one common flock, and their cows and plough
By G. B. Hony. 451
oxen to a common herd, under the care of acommon shepherd and herds-
man respectively.
The common flock fed on the sheep down during the day, and at night
was brought back to a fold which was moved all over the arable land. After
harvest the sheep had the run of the stubbles, and in the spring the ewes
and lambs had the water-meadows. Naturally the details of management
altered as improvements were made in the cropping of the land, but the
general idea remained the same for several centuries.
The common field system of tenure lasted longer in South Wilts than in
almost any other part of the country, chiefly owing to the long and narrow
shape of the manors—which made it very difficult to fairly apportion the
different qualities of land amongst the various tenants. It is easy to see
how this common system of farming prevented any real improvement in
the sheep stock of the county. Lach tenant had to provide one ram for the
common flock, and naturally he did not take as much care in its selection as he
would have if it had been solely for his own flock. Until the various manors
were ‘enclosed ” therefore, little improvement was possible, but with the
enclosing of the manors at the end of the eighteenth century improvement
began, and has been continuous ever since. ‘“ Enclosure,” by the way, did
not mean that the people were robbed of their land, but that instead of
having little strips of ground scattered all over the manor with rights of
commonage over the whole, they were given compact blocks or “en-
closures ” of land which they could cultivate as they chose instead of only
according to the “‘ Custom of the Manor.”
Before going into details of how the sheep stock of the county was
eventually improved, it may be of interest to try and see roughly what
numbers of sheep were kept.
Naturally there are no statistics as to the number of sheep in the county
in the Middle Ages, but it is interesting to notice that at one time there
were penalties for keeping too many sheep. ‘Thus we find that a Justice of
the Peace in 1580 (Longleat Papers, 1588, Wilts Arch. Mag., xiv., 214) had
to enquire ‘if any keep above the number of 2,000 sheep after six score to
the hundred in any grounds occupied in farm, except such as be kept for
maintenance and expenses of household for one year.” Furthermore, there
was a prohibition on keeping too many sheep on land suitable for dairy
cattle :—“ Of such as keep above the number of six score sheep upon pas-
tures meet for milch kyne, and doth not keep for every three score shere
sheep one milch cow and for every six score shere sheep doth not rear one
calf yearly.”
We have seen that the numbers kept by the tenants of manors varied
according to the “Custom of the Manor,” and no general estimate is
possible. The Winterbourn Stoke custom (in 1574) of keeping at least 275
sheep to each hundred acres of arable seems heavy stocking compared to
the total of 236,410 sheep and lambs and 238,603 acres of arable in Wilt-
shire in 1924. In the latter year there were, therefore, only 99 sheep and
lambs to each hundred acres of arable, even supposing that all the sheep
were kept on the arable land—which was, of course, very far from being
the case.
452 Sheep Farming in Wiltshire.
In 1794 Davis says that “ The number of sheep in this district (2.e., south-
east Wilts) cannot be exactly ascertained ; but from the best information
that can be collected it appears that the number of lambs bred yearly is at
least 150,000, and that the whole summer stock of sheep, including lambs,
is very little, if any, short of 500,000. Notwithstanding this seeming im-
mensity, it is a fact, that the sheep stock of South Wiltshire has been for
“many years gradually decreasing, and that it is now less by many thousands
than it was fifty years ago.” In 1800 a Mr. Luccock estimated that there
were 583,500 sheep on the Wiltshire downs, and 117,500 in the Wiltshire
pastures (Report of the Select Committee of the House of Lords on the State
of the British Wool Trade, 1828).
One reason for this decline in numbers at the end of the eighteenth cen-
tury was what Davis calls ‘‘ the pride of keeping fine sheep.” We shall see
presently that there was a tendency at that time to improve the sheep
stock of the county, and as the size increased, so the numbers decreased.
In spite of this, however, our author complains of the “ rage for fine sheep
having almost driven the cow stock out of the district”—it would be
interesting to hear his views on this subject to-day. But there was
another and stronger reason for the decrease of numbers. It was that the
downs were being ploughed up. In those days the downs were the most
important part of the sheep keep, and the folds were more often on bare
fallow than on roots. While the land was farmed in common the downs
were retained, but when enclosures started the tenants often ploughed them
up for corn. A few good crops were grown, but as the land was thin and
loose it was soon exhausted, and in this connection I will give another
quotation from Davis. He says :—‘‘ The arable land of a Wiltshire Down
farm is maintained by the dung of the sheep fed on the sheep down,
Deprive this farm of its Down, and how is the arable land to be main-
tained? . . . It can never be too often repeated, that so long as South
Wiltshire remains a corn country, the sheep-fold must be the sheet-anchor
of its husbandry.”
Undoubtedly the most important change in Wiltshire sheep farming
practice during the nineteenth century was the evolution of the Hampshire
Down Sheep as we know it to-day. We have seen that no improvement in
the sheep stock of the county was possible as long as the system of common
field husbandry was general, but at the end of the eighteenth century it
began to be doubted whether the old Wiltshire Horned Sheep was the best
type to keep. “ It has been said,” to quote Davis once more, “ that horned
sheep were not originally the general stock of Wiltshire, but it is certain
that no man living (1794) remembers when they were not the general
stock ; and it is as certain, that till within these few years, they were
thought to answer the particular purposes of the district better than any
other kind.”’
‘The first and principal purpose for which sheep are kept in this district
is undoubtedly the dung ofithe sheep-fold, and the second is the wool. The
improvement of the carcase was not heretofore thought a primary object,
and perhaps in some degree incompatible with the great object of this dis-
trict, viz., the hardiness of the animal, necessary to enable it to get its food
By G. B. Hony. 453
on a close fed pasture ; to walk two or three miles for that food, and to
carry its dung the same distance back to fold; and the breeding Jamb was
looked upon as a necessary consequence, rather than as a primary cause of
keeping such flock. A supply of ewe lambs for the keeping up of this
stock was necessary. ‘The wether lambs lived equally hard with the ewes
during the summer, and were sold in the autumn for the wether stock of
those that had no convenience of breeding ; and such of the ewes as were
thought too old to breed were sold off for fatting. On this system, the
earcase either of the ewe or lamb was very little attended to.”
“ But the practice of the breeders in this district is now almost totally
altered. The first and great object at this time is the improvement of the
carcase both of the ewe and lamb, and particularly of the latter, and the
attention 1s j Bees! much more to the quality of the lambs they breed
than to quantity.”
At first the improvement consisted in merely increasing the size by breed-
ing them longer in the leg, and higher and heavier in the forequarters. It
is an axiom that when the size of any breed of animal is increased it needs
better keep, and it is quite easy to ‘“‘improve ” any native breed to such an
extent that it cannot exist in its natural habitat. This is exactly what
happened to the old Wiltshire Sheep 150 years ago, and is happening to-day
to the New Forest and other native breeds of ponies. ‘“‘The present kind
of sheep will starve on the same kind of land on which the old sort of
sheep lived well . . . and being so much nicer in their food, and re-
jecting the feed of the Downs, on which the chief dependence for sheep
food is, have suffered the herbage to grow gradually coarser; and that the
farmers, in attempting to remedy this evil, by shortening their stock of
sheep, have made it worse ; it being a well-known fact, that the closer the
Downs are fed, the more stock they will keep.”
Apart from increasing the size of the sheep by selection, two other
breeds were introduced into the county during the last decade of the
eighteenth century—the Southdown and the Merino. Of these two breeds
by far the most important was the Southdown, which was first brought
into Wiltshire in 1789 by Mr. Mighell, of Kennett, and soon attained great
popularity, although for many years there was considerable controversy
between the supporters of the Wiltshire Sheep and those who favoured the
Southdown. The latter claimed that they could keep 300 head on land
which would only carry 200 Wiltshires, and that their sheep were more
docile, fed more contentedly, stayed more quietly in the fold, and were
much hardier. They also insisted that the wool was so much better in
quality and more in quantity that they made nearly double the profit, and
that the wethers made nearly a penny a pound more in Smithfield market.
Before tracing the results of the importation of Southdowns, however, it
will be as well to deal briefly with the Merino invasion. A full account of
this is given in a book published in 1809 called A Practical Treatise on the
Merino and Anglo-Merino Breeds of Sheep, by ‘“‘ An Experienced Breeder,”
who, from a note in the British Museum copy, appears to have been C. H.
Hunt. This book is dedicated to the Rev. J. Willis, Vicar of Sopley, and
founder of the Christchurch Agricultural Society. The first importation
VOL, XLIII.—NO. CXLV. H 2
454 Sheep Farming in Wiltshire.
was made by King George III. in 1787, and came from Portugal near the
Spanish border, for permission to import some from Spain was not received
from the King of Spain until 1791, but in that year he made a present of
36 ewes and four rams to our King. Finally, in 1808, 1400 ewes and 100
rams arrived here from Spain, out of a shipment of 2000, the rest having
died during the passage. Following the royal example Merino sheep
breeding appears to have become a fashionable occupation and rams were
widely distributed. Hunt gives a list of 18 “ Merino and Anglo-Merino
proprietors in the County of Hampshire,” most of whom lived in the im-
mediate neighbourhood of Christchurch. Davis tells us that Merinos were
distributed in Wiltshire “by means of the Bath Society, of the Earl of
Aylesbury, and the Marquis of Bath.” These sheep were small, short-
woolled, and horned, very much like the Dorsetshire sheep were at that
time. John, Lord Somerville, wrote a book (second edition 1800) called
The System followed during the last two years by the Board of Agriculture
further illustrated. With dissertations on the growth and produce of Sheep
and Wool, as well Spanish as English, in which he recommends the use of
a Spanish ram on Wiltshire sheep to “ effect neither more nor less than a
great increase of profit on the fleece, with very little, if any, injury what-
ever to the form of the animal.” Again, in a pamphlet On The Potatoe as
Food for Sheep, published in 1802, Nehemiah Bartley, Secretary to
the Bath Agricultural Society, speaks of the good results of feeding
‘potatoes to a flock of ewes “ partly of the Spanish and Ryeland, and partly
of the Spanish and Wiltshire admixtures, both of them in lamb by my
Lord Somerville’s native Merino tups.” I could quote many other refer-
ences to the use of Merinos for crossing the Wiltshire sheep and it is obvious
that this was very largely done during the first few years of the last cen-
tury.
Mr. Edward Coward, writing in the Wiltshire Gazette of February 4th,
1926, says :—“In the first of the shows (1813) held by “ The Wiltshire
Society for the encouragement of Agriculture and rewarding faithful and
industrious servants,” there were classes for two breeds of sheep—“ South-
down” and “‘ Marino or Marino Cross”; there was also a class for “ pure
Marino or not less than the fourth cross of the Marino,” and apparently
also prizes were offered for Marino wool. It is not quite clear whether the
classes remained the same until 1824, but I fancy they did. How long the
Marino remained on the list I do not know, but my father, who was born in
1822, writing in 1909, says that ‘“‘ he cannot remember to have ever seen a
Marino ” and that “ owing to their delicate constitution, their introduction
was not a success,” so it is probable that they soon dropped out.” This
statement is borne out by the evidence given before the Select Committee
of the House of Lords on the State of the British Wool Trade in 1828, the
Report of which is a bulky volume running to 697 foolscap pages. A very
considerable number of Wiltshire farmers gave evidence. before it and I
shall have to refer to it again, but for the moment will only deal with the
evidence about Merinos. Mr. William Cunnington, woolstapler, of Upavon,
stated that the quantity of English Merino wool had decreased very much
indeed because “ they do not answer the purpose of the farmers in Wilts so
By G. B. Hony. 455
-well as the Southdown.” Other woolstaplers gave similar evidence as to
the decrease in the supply of Merino ,wool, and the breed was evidently
dying out about that time. In the course of twenty-five years, however,
the flocks in Wiltshire and Hampshire must have had a considerable in-
fusion of Merino blood.
From the time of its introduction in 1789 the Southdown seems to have
“caught on ” with amazing rapidity, and the old Wiltshire Horned sheep
died out equally quickly. Writing in 1805 John Lawrence tells us in
A General Treatise on Cattle that the ‘“‘ Wiltshire or Horned Crock . . .
is everywhere on the decline, generally supplanted by the South Downs,
I think the breed not worth preserving ; perhaps the only thing to
be done with it to advantage is to cross it with the Merino . . . The
Hampshire, a variety of the former, said, for what reason I know not, to be
more hardy.” Again, in the second edition of his book (1811) Davis says
of the Southdown “ the number thereof now kept in the district (including
the crosses) compared with the Wiltshire Horned sheep bears nearly an in-
verse ratio with the stock of the two kinds in 1794.” This was hardly to
be wondered at if some of the descriptions of the Wiltshire sheep published
about this time were correct. For example, “The Wiltshires were a tall,
bony, thin-carcased sheep, fit to walk two or three miles to a fold, and to
be kept till three or four years old, for the purpose of manuring a Down
farm. They ate ravenously, increased greatly in size and weight, but did
not fatten. In the winter season when the Wilts were unceasingly devour-
ing hay and turnips, the South Downs were traversing the field in search of
the scanty pittance of grass then to be found.” ‘This passage occurs in a
letter from J. Billingsley describing some feeding experiments he carried
out with different breeds, and was published in Hunt’s book on Merinos
already quoted.
The old Wiltshire Horned sheep died out with amazing rapidity from its
native county, and the last pure flock seems to have disappeared about
1819, though in 1828 Mr. Cunnington told the Select Committee on the
British Wool Trade that this breed was then ‘“‘ nearly extinct.” Although
it completely died out in Wiltshire the breed survived in small numbers in
Buckinghamshire and Northamptonshire, and it is curious that just a century
after it had disappeared from its native downs a society was formed to look
after its interests, and since then it has gone ahead again. Another interesting
point about the modern representatives of our old Wiltshire breed—the
foundation of the once prosperous wool manufactures of the county—is
that by selection during the last fifty years these sheep now grow no wool
at all, and their coat is more like hair than wool. ‘To such an extent is this
carried that the judge at the last Tring Show (the principal show for this
breed) put the ram which he considered was the best shaped one in the
¢lass into the second place merely because it showed signs of having grown
some wool. Breeders claim that the sheep with least wool mature more
quickly than the others, and as the Wiltshire or Western Horn (as it is
called nowadays) is used entirely for the production of early fat lamb they
prefer to sacrifice any wool it might produce for the sake of early maturity.
There was a great slump in the wool trade about 1825, and in 1828 a
DP jae 2
456 Sheep Farming in Wiltshire.
Select Committee of the House of Lords was appointed to enquire into it.
I have already quoted from the Report issued by that Committee, but must
now do so again to show the extent to which Southdowns were kept in the
county at that time. Mr. W. Pinkney, of Everley, kept a flock of 1,500
pure Southdowns on 870 acres, including down land, and he had had them
since 1803. He made 2s. 1d. per lb. for his wool in 1804, 2s. 6d. in 1814,
and 8d. in 1827. In reply to questions from the Committee, he said that
“we have certainly got our sheep grosser as compared with the original
Southdowns.” He was asked: ‘ Are the flocks in your neighbourhood all
pure Southdowns or are there not some Dorset and Wiltshire sheep ?” and
his reply was: “ There are very few Dorsets, the Southdown are the Wilt-
shire sheep. There were some farmers who did not like to go to the
expense of throwing off all their old stock, and:they preferred using
Southdown rams, and to cross them in that way, which makes equally
valuable sheep in the course of a few years.” ‘This is interesting as showing
that by 1828 the Southdown was considered the sheep of the county. This
witness also stated that he had had sheep from Sussex, and that he thought
that “ the generality (of the sheep) of the country is more mixed than mine.”
Mr. Henry King, of Chilmark, clipped 6,500 Southdowns on his 4,000 acres.
Mr. William Ruddle Brown, of Broad Hinton, clipped 1,300 Southdowns
on his 1,000 acres, and he calculated that between his house and Marlborough
(seven miles) 40,000 sheep were shorn every year. Mr. R. Hughes, of
Salthrop, near Swindon, clipped 600 Southdowns on his 700 acres, but from
1803 to 1812 he had “ Coarse Horned Wiltshire wool.” Mr. W. Caudwell,
of Drayton, near Abingdon, Berkshire, clipped 700 Southdowns on his 270
acres. Mr. I’. Newton, of Crowmarsh, Oxfordshire, had a farm of 1,000
acres near Andover, and formerly had one in Wiltshire adjoining it. He
used to clip 2,000 “ Hampshire Southdowns.” ‘This is the first time I have
come across a differentiation between Hampshire and other Southdowns,
He attributed the slump in the wool trade to the importation of Spanish
wool, “I live by the roadside, near Tetbury, and three or four waggons
loaded with Spanish wool pass every day.”
Mr. William Cunnington, woolstapler, of Upavon, said that he had
principally purchased Southdown wool since he started in 1811. From
that date to 1822 he had lived at Heytesbury, and had sold most of his
wool in Frome, but during the last two years it had gone North. The sheep
were now “ much larger framed than they were 15 years ago,” and “ they
have been getting larger framed rams of the same sort for the sake of getting
larger carcases and have not paid attention to the quality of the wool.” He
goes on to prove this statement by giving detailed and technical particulars
of the Southdown wools bought by him from the same farms in 1812 and
1827. It is interesting to notice that this list includes such names as.
Flower and Dean, now so well known in the Hampshire Down world.
Replying to a question as to the weight of Wiltshire fleeces at the time,
Mr. Cunnington said “I think about 23lbs.; the old Wiltshire breed is
nearly extinct. I refer to the Wiltshire Southdowns.”
It is apparent that although the Southdown was the common sheep of
Wiltshire at this date it had already begun to be modified from the original
Jey (E15, IORI 457
Southdown as first imported to the county. To a certain extent the old
Wiltshire Horned Sheep was crossed out by the use of Southdown rams,
but in most cases in Wiltshire it appears to have been displaced entirely
and the Southdown substituted in its place. In Hampshire, on the other
hand, the old horned breed was extensively crossed with Southdown rams
from Sussex, “ care being taken to select the largest, coarsest, and blackest-
faced rams, which it was thought would suit the coarse sheep with which
they had to almalgamate” (from a paper on Cross Breeding, by W. C.
Spooner, in the Journal of the Royal Agricultural Society, Vol. XX., 1859).
Naturally, this different system of breeding followed in the two counties
resulted in the formation of different types of sheep, but owing to the
varying proportion of Southdown and Wiltshire Horned blood in different
flocks there was not much uniformity during the first quarter of the nine-
teenth century, and the types merged into each other. Roughly speaking,
however, the sheep in Hampshire were larger and had coarser heads than
those in Wiltshire ; or, in other words, they more nearly resembled the
original Horned sheep, though the horns had disappeared and the faces had
become black. This transition period carries us on till about 1840, when
certain breeders began to fix the type definitely. In the meantime the
sheep of the district were called different names by various writers, for we
read of Southdowns, Wiltshire Southdowns, Hampshire Southdowns,
Wiltshire Downs, Hampshire Downs, Improved Hampshire Downs, and
West Country Downs. Under whatever name they went, however, they
were essentially modifications of the Southdown, but containing a certain
amount of the old Wiltshire Horned blood, and in Berkshire of the old
Berkshire Knot. Wrightson (British Breeds of Sheep) quotes Mr. E. P.
Squarey as saying that the Wiltshire Down was larger and less handsome
than the Hampshire, but this statement is not borne out by other writers,
and does not seem probable in view of the general practice of the breeders
in the two counties. Spooner, for instance, says “ at length a larger sheep
was demanded, and then the Wiltshire breeders procured rams from
Hampshire and greatly improved their flocks in size,” and again “the
Wiltshire Down, whose more perfect symmetry frequently enables their
owners to wrest the prizes from the Hampshire men, and to cause the latter,
by the rivalry thus induced, to improve the symmetry of their sheep by
careful selection.”
Although the sheep of this period contained more Southdown blood than
any other, there can be little doubt that there must have been a trace of
the Merinos which, as we have seen, were widely distributed throughout
the district at the beginning of the century. Further, about 1829, Mr. John
Twynam began to use Cotswold rams in his flock, and as the first cross
lambs were much more like the ram than the ewes, it was at first thought
that a most valuable breed had been formed, but subsequent generations
were not so good. However, in 1835—36 many of these cross-bred rams
were sold “ not only into Hampshire Down flocks generally, but into those
of six or eight of our first ram breeders,” as Mr. Twynam said in a paper
read before a farmers’ club (quoted by Spooner), and thus a certain amount
of Cotswold, and indirectly, therefore, of Leicester, blood was introduced
into the breed.
458 Sheep Farming in Wiltshire.
As we have seen, various names were used by different writers about
this time. and the word Southdown was almost certainly used very loosely
and applied generally to all sheep of Southdown type. Thus in the prize
report on the Farming of Wiltshire, by Edward Little, of Lower Sheldon
Farm, Chippenham (Journal of the Royal Agricultural Society, Vol. v.,
1845) he says of South Wilts that “South Downs are nearly universally
the breed now. . . . Many of the flockmasters of Wilts have by judicious
selection of stock from Sussex, brought their flocks to a high state of per-
fection, and their stock being dispersed through the county has greatly im-
proved the breed of sheep. There are a few who prefer the Hampshire, or
coarser kinds of sheep, and where the forcing of lambs from their birth, or
for grazing as tegs, is adopted, it appears to answer well, as the extra-
ordinary production of that breed brought to the fairs within the last few
years will prove ; but the generality of farms are stocked with South Downs.”
When writing of North Wilts he says “ The sheep stock of this division of the
county is different from that of South Wilts, the cross between the Cotswold.
and South Downs being mostly preferred. There are, however, some flocks of
pure South Downs and Cotswolds.” Again, Mr. E. Coward points out in
his letter to the Waltshire Gazette already quoted that in 1849 the only
class for sheep at the Wiltshire Show was for Southdowns, but at that date
the class must have included all sheep of Southdown type, just as at the:
early shows (commencing at Oxford in 1838) of the Royal Agricultural
Society the sheep were divided into three sections, “ Leicesters,” ‘¢ South-
downs, etc.,” and “ Long Wools (not qualified as Leicesters).”
At many of the early Royal Shows Mr.James Beaven,of Market Lavinetaul
and Mr. William Sainsbury,of West Lavington,took prizes with Southdowns.
Mr. Sainsbury continued to win prizes at the Royal for several years, and
his flock of Southdowns, which was dispersed after his death in 1884, was
probably the last regular flock of Southdowns in the county. At the
Southampton Royal Show in 1844 a new section was added for Short
Wools (not qualified to compete as Southdown), but the judges with-held
the prize of £20 for the best shearling ram owing to the want of merit
in the animals shown. Mr. Thomas Hutton, of Upton Gray, near Odiham,
Hampshire, took the prize of £20 “ for his 29 months’ old Hampshire Down
Ram, bred by himself”; Mr. William Humfrey, of Chaddleworth, near
Newbury, Berks, took £10 and several commendations for his “ Berkshire
Short-woolled”’ sheep; Mr. James Rawlence, of Heale, near Salisbury, was
commended for “ Hampshire Short-woolled” rams; Mr. John Shrimpton,
Easton, near Winchester, was commended for “Short-woolled” ram bred:
by himself ; Mr. James Beechingham, of Ashe, near Overton, was com-
mended for a ram ‘‘ of the Hampshire and Sussex- Down cross,” other com-
mendations went to Mr. T. 8S. Godwin, of Broughton, near Stockbridge, to
Mr. W. Pain, of Compton, Winchester, and to Mr. J. Pain, of Stockbridge,
for “ Hampshire Downs,” and to Mr. William Sanders, of Sutton Scotney,
for ‘‘ Hampshire Short-woolled” Ram. Thus we see that there was then a
considerable diversity of types in the district.
In the report on the live stock at the Chester Royal Show of 1858 the
following passage occurs (Journal of the Royal. Agricultural Society, Vol.
By G. B. Hony. 459
xix.) : ‘“‘ Other short woolled breeds not being Southdowns. The wording
of this class conveys the impression that there are many ‘ other short-woolled
breeds’ which is correct to a certain extent. They number among them
the Hampshire, Wiltshire, and Shropshire Downs, and even Cheviots.
But the Hampshire and Shropshire breeds are the only breeds which really
come into competition. . . . The Hampshire sheep . . . have par-
taken of the improvements of other breeds, but their strength of constitu-
tion and size have been retained as characteristic of the animal, less attempt
having been made to imitate the beauty and high proof of the Southdown,”
Actually at this show Mr. Humfrey, of Oak Ash, won with “ West-
Country Downs with brown faces,’ Mr. Coles, of Wiltshire, took second
prize with “Improved Hampshire Downs,” and Mr. Brown was com-
mended for a ‘“‘ Hampshire Down.” ‘The next year the show was at War-
wick, and Mr. Humfrey took most of the prizes in this section, and his
sheep were described thus :—‘‘ West Country Downs. This is anew stamp
or breed of sheep created by Mr. Humfrey, of Oak Ash, near Wantage.
F Mr. Humfrey’s chief supporters are the Messrs. King, near Hunger-
ford; Berks; Mr. Canning, of Chiseldon, Wilts; Mr. J. Rawlence, of
Wilton; Mr. E. Waters, of Salisbury ; Mr. W. Rauton, of Downton; Mr.
W. Waters, of Boscombe; Mr. C. Vernham, of Andover; and as to the
original Hampshire breed Mr. Budd, of Basingstoke; Mr. Holden, of
Amesbury ; Mr. Edney, of Whitechurch ; Mr. Brown, of Ufcot, etc.”
At the Canterbury Royal Show in 1860 special classes were provided for
Southdowns, Kentish, and Shropshire sheep, and all the winners in the
section for “ other-short woolled sheep ” were either ‘“ West Country Downs ”
or “Improved Hampshire Downs.” At the Battersea Show in 1862 the
classification was changed to ‘‘ Hampshire and Other Short Wools,” but,
even so, they were all entered as ““ West Country Downs.” It is certain that
at this time the two names were used indiscriminately, and in the prize
essay on the Agriculture of Berkshire in 1860 (Journal of the Royal
Agricultural Society, Vol. XXI.), Mr. J. B. Shearing says “ Sheep are with
very few exceptions of the Hampshire or West Country Down breed.
There is a (my italics) pure Southdown flock at Buckland, and two or three
cross-bred flocks . . . rams are purchased from Mr. Humfrey and Mr.
S. King, who have long been celebrated as breeders of Hampshire or West
Country Downs.”
From this time onwards the history of the Hampshire Down is merely a
record of careful selection by breeders in Hampshire, Wiltshire, and
Berkshire, and many of the leading breeders of that time bore names which
are still respected wherever Hampshire Down sheep are known. It may,
however, be worth while stating, in their own words, how two of the leading
breeders, Mr. Humfrey, of Oak Ash, and Mr. James Rawlence, of Bulbridge,
founded their flocks. These details were given to Mr. W. C. Spooner, and
were included by him in 1859 in his paper on Cross-Breeding already quoted.
Mr. Humfrey ! said : “ About twenty-five years since, in forming my flock,
' Actually in this paper this name is spelt Humphrey, but as it is Humfrey
in all the otherinstances, I have kept this spelling for the sake of uniformity.
I do not know which is correct.—G. B. H.
460 Sheep Farming in Wiltshire.
I purchased the best Hampshire or West Country Down ewes [ could meet
with. (Thus even about 1835 the two names were in use). Some of them
I obtained from the late Mr. G. Budd, Mr. William Pain, Mr. Digwood,
and other eminent breeders, giving 40s. when ordinary ewes were making
33s., and using the best rams I could get of the same kind, until the Oxford
Show of the Royal Agricultural Society.”. On examining the different
breeds exhibited there, he was struck with the idea that his “ best plan
would be to obtain a first-rate Sussex Down sheep to put to my larger
Hampshire Down ewes, both being the Short-woolled breed.” He thereupon
bought one of Mr. Jonas Webb's best sheep, and two years later “I com-
missioned him to send me the sheep which obtained the first prize at
Liverpool, and from these two sheep, by marking the lambs of each tribe
as they fell, then coupling them together at the third and fourth generation,
my present flock was made,”
Mr. Rawlence went about the formation of his flock in a rather different
way, and, in fact, crossed his sheep in the opposite direction. Thus he told
Mr. Spooner that ‘‘ The original flock from which my present sheep are
chiefly descended was of the Sussex breed and of moderate quality. I
commenced by drafting all the small and delicate ewes, and the remainder
were crossed with rams of the Hampshire breed. I bred from their produce
for two or three years, and then had another cross with the Hampshire,
still continuing to cull defective ewes. After I had obtained considerable
size from the infusion of the Hampshire blood, I had recourse to some rams
bred by Mr. Humfrey, of Chaddleworth, Berks, which were the produce
of the biggest and strongest Hampshire ewes by a sheep of Mr. Jonas
Webb’s. I use my own rams, and I also frequently purchase a few of the
best Hampshire ewes I can get, put my own sheep to them and use their
lambs. I also put asheep of Mr. Humfrey’s to some of the best of my
ewes, and select rams for their produce, thus getting fresh blood without
making an entire cross.” Thus by the interchange of rams between the
leading breeders the various types of the Hampshire Down Sheep were
welded into one homogeneous breed, and the Hampshire Down Sheep
Breeders’ Association was founded in 1890 to look after its interests.
From the middle of the last century onwards, almost until the beginning
of the war, the word “sheep” in South Wiltshire was practically synony-
mous with ‘‘ Hampshire Down.” No other breed was seen to any extent,
as Hampshire Downs had been evolved to suit the needs of the locality.
They stand heavy feeding and close folding better than almost any other
breed, hence their great value on the light and loose soils in our Down
country, and owing to their quick maturing qualities they are unrivalled
for the production of early lamb, while the ewes fat out well when their
breeding days are over. We shall see presently, however, that it is to these
very qualities that the great slump in Wiltshire sheep breeding was due.
_ At the beginning of the nineteenth century Davis calculated the sheep
population of south-east Wilts at 500,000, As the Southdown blood became
more predominant the size of the flocks increased, but there are no accurate
Statistics available until 1867, when the yearly returns were started. In
that year Wiltshire had 725,585 sheep. Two years later, in 1869, the high
s(G9)
“60 °YI4P $2]244 99S) UNesny SezIAo({ oY} UL MOU pUB “EEgT UI SUIZaaW S,A4a1D0G
"QOLV SHIM 949 38 poqiqiyxe ,.“43e8sVq Yo miog JO “JOP[VBN uygor ‘ry oye, 09
Aq pesq ‘daeqQ poudofyy odlysi[tM PIO 24 JO peep paddosoasg ,, 943 8q 03 peaoljod
apa
vee eee
wor “wey pousoyy
‘gjuRv py ‘uvepulvig ‘wWaey spurlpoo\ “bsy ‘sulleg inqy1y jo uorssessod
UL MOU ‘SpleMpy WeyUspAG Aq suljuleg [IQ WOl. ‘soMy pus Wey peulOF{ aAYsd[lM PIO
‘(rededsmou pjaeyg ayy, Aq jue, A[pury
YOO]G WIJ) OZET ‘MOY SUTIT, Je WEY UIOFT UloJsoAA IO OIIGSZ[I AA SULUUTM OT J,
‘(qededsmou pag eyf Aq yuoy A[pury Yoo[q Woy) gZET ‘Moyg ould],
oY} 38 SOM UIOF{ Uso}se AA JO O1IYS}]T AA 4}90}-0mM} Jo ued Suluutm oy,
‘yAVUL[IGD Jo ‘aamoyy sauvp “apy Aq paaq ‘Urey, UMOC aarysdue Surjreayg
‘YARUTIGYO JO ‘1aMOT sowvee ‘apy Aq poig ‘soma UMOC SITYSdWIVF Sul[ieays 9o1q J,
By G. B. Hony. 461
water mark was reached, and 808,658 sheep were returned for the county,
There was a drop of about 110,000 during the next three years, but then
the numbers picked up a little until 1874 when there were 765,265 sheep
in the county. From that date onwards there was a steady decline (with,
of course, an occasional slight increase for one or two years) until 1915
when there were 376,007 sheep in the county. For the next five years this
decline ceased to be steady, and the numbers fell with a rush until low
water mark was reached in 1920. Wiltshire then had 182,122 sheep, or less
than a quarter of the stock in 1869. The numbers have been rising since
1921, and on June 4th, 1925, had reached 258,895—-or half-way between
the figures for 1918 and 1919.
Few people realise that the sheep population of the county has been
dwindling for over half-a-century, but the figures given in the following
table make this clear. The number of “ Cows and heifersin milk or in-calf ”
is also given to show how the dairying industry of the county has increased
in importance as the size of the flocks declined :—
Cows & Heifers in
Year. Sheep. milk or in calf,
1869 os 808,658 A 50,259
1879 a 690,988 a 49,666
1889 ss 590,166 ee 57,573
1899 na 531,843 ast 66,064
1909 a 491,368 ay 76,833
1919 zs 241,237 oe 86,424
1920 a 182 122 sie 83,230
1925 606 258,895 50 96,227
Although this decline has been continuous for fifty years it falls naturally
into two very unequal periods—“ pre-war ” and the years 1915 to 1920. In
the first case the drop in numbers was slow but sure, and was due to a
combination of factors. In this county sheep farming was never an end
in itself (except in the case of a few ram-breeding flocks), but was always
considered a necessary adjunct to the growing of corn. Few farmers ex-
pected to make much direct profit from their flocks, which were kept almost
entirely to consolidate and manure the ground for corn crops. It was only
to be expected, therefore, that as corn growing became less attractive
owing to imports from abroad; the size of the flocks should tend to be re-
duced. The introduction, or rather the more general use, of artificial
manures was another factor which lessened the importance of the sheep
fold.
Towards the end of the last century, too, the public began to demand
lamb instead of mutton, and this meant that whereas the wethers used to
kept two or three years, they were now killed off before they were twelve
months old—thus making a considerable difference in the number of sheep
kept! Again, the importation of frozen mutton and lamb from New
Zealand reached such dimensions as to be a serious menace to the English
‘This is also reflected in the statistics owing to the fact that many
thousands of lambs are killed annually before June 4th, and hence are
never recorded at all.—G.B.H.
462 Sheep Farming in Wiltshire.
flockmaster. Finally, the regular weekly cheque received by milk pro-
ducers was sufficient inducement to cause many flocks to be given up in
favour of dairy cows—thus reversing the process of the previous century.
Altogether the pre-war reduction in the sheep population is quite under-
standable.
When we come to the second period—from 1915 to 1920—the decline in
numbers was much more rapid, owing to an entirely new set of factors
coming into play.
The qualities for which Hampshire Downs are famous—the ability to.
stand close folding and high feeding—make them expensive sheep to keep,
both in labour and food, and consequently they were hard hit by the war.
Labour became scarce and dear. The under shepherds joined up, and
flockmasters found considerable difficulty in management. Imported feed-
ing stuffs were almost unprocurable, and even home-grown hay was
requisitioned for the Army. As a natural result many flocks of tegs were
sent to the butcher instead of being run on in the ordinary way.
Finally, the price of lamb was controlled at practically the same level as
old ewe mutton. This was most unfair to farmers who specialised in the
production of early lamb—and every breeder of Hampshire Downs did this
to a certain extent—and consequently the ewes were slaughtered wholesale.
Before the war, too, farmers generally expected their wool to pay for the
shepherding, always an expensive item with hurdle sheep, but when the
price of wool was controlled it ceased to do so, for the cost of labour had
increased out of all proportion. Taking everything into consideration,
therefore, it is hardly to be wondered at that the number of sheep in the
county dropped rapidly during the war and for a year or two afterwards.
When the sheep population of the county reached its lowest point in 1920,
the difference was not confined to numbers only, but totypeas well. Owing
to the scarcity of labour and the great expense of keeping hurdle sheep,
many farmers gave up their flocks of Hampshire Downs and imported
cross-breds instead. ‘hese sheep could pick up their own living on the
downs, requiring no artificial feeding and very little labour to look after
them. On the other hand, owing to the nation’s need of cereals, the arable
_ acreage of the county had considerably increased, and it had also been
cropped in a manner which only an emergency could have justified. The
need for the sheep-fold had never been so urgent before. How is it, then,
that the total number of sheep in the county has increased so slowly since
the war, and that such a large proportion of this increase is made up of
grass sheep as opposed to those kept for folding ?
There are several reasons. During the last few years farms have changed
hands to a hitherto unheard-of extent, and many of the incomers have
possessed altogether insufficient capital. It was only to be expected, there-
fore, that in such cases they would lay out what money they had in stock
which promised direct and immediate returns. As a result of the shortage
of hurdle sheep, for reasons outlined above, they have been very dear to
buy, and at the same time they offer no immediate return on the capital
outlay. It is small wonder, then, that men who have not been born and
bred in the belief that ‘ the arable land of a Wiltshire Down farm is main-
By G. B. Hony. 463
tained by the dung of the sheep fold” should buy dairy cows rather than
sheep. In fact, the weekly or fortnightly milk cheque has proved an
irresistible attraction to many sheep breeders of long standing.
The figures given in the table above show that whereas the total increase
in the number of dairy cattle in the county was only about 36,000 during
the fifty years from 1869—1919, or about 700 a year, in the last five years
an addition of 13,000, or over 2,500 a year, has been made to the cow stock
of the county.
This change over from hurdle sheep to cows and grass sheep has been
accelerated by the political situation. We have seen that in this county
hurdle sheep have always been looked upon as adjuncts to corn growing,
and that as the latter became less attractive the flocks were reduced. Since
the war farmers have completely lost confidence in the future of corn
growing. Wages were raised and fixed, and farmers were guaranteed
against loss, by the Corn Production Act. When it came to the point,
however, this guarantee proved not to be worth the paper it was written
on, and as a natural result thousands of acres of arable land have been laid
down to grass. Stock of some sort is necessary on this new grass land, and
where possible cows are kept, while cross-bred sheep have been brought in
to feed the outlying fields and downs.
There is yet another reason why more flocks of Hampshire Downs have
not been established since the war. (Good shepherds are scarce. There is
an old saying amongst Wiltshire sheep farmers that ‘‘ the shepherd is half
the flock,” and this half has been hard to find. ‘The outsider does not
always realise the immense difference there is between a mere “ hurdle
pitcher” and a good shepherd, but with sheep like Hampshire Downs—
bred for generations between hurdles—that distinction may make all the
difference between profit and heavy loss on the flock. As the old men die
out their places are not easily filled. ‘The younger generation fights shy of
the loneliness of a shepherd’s life, and it also has a not unnatural objection
to working all day on Sundays. Grass sheep will largely look after them-
selves on the downs, and consequently many farmers are now keeping them
who would much prefer to own Hampshire Downs.
What is the position of sheep farming in Wiltshire at the present times
and to what extent have grass sheep taken the place of hurdle sheep in our
rural economy? Finally, what are the prospects of the future? These
questions are more easily asked than answered. As we have seen, before
the war the word “ sheep” in Wiltshire nearly always meant “ Hampshire
Down.” To-day it may mean any one of ten or a dozen different breeds,
and crosses. In many cases farmers from other counties have settled here,
and brought the sheep of their own districts with them. Of course several
of these flocks of “foreign” sheep are kept within hurdles, but from all
parts of the county comes the same report—“ the recent increase in numbers
is largely made up of grass sheep.”
Actual figures are not easy to come by, for the official statistics do not
discriminate between breeds. However, the catalogue of sheep offered by
Messrs. Lavington and Hooper at Marlborough Fair, August, 1925, is
Suggestive. It is headed “Sale of 19,230 Hampshire Down and Cross-bred
464 Sheep Farming in Wiltshire.
Ewes and Lambs,” but of this number no. less than 9,684 were cross-breds,
while there were 2,038 Cheviots, 558 Border Leicesters, 371 Exmoors, 258
Welsh, 50 Kerrys, 38 Scotch Horn, and 37 Suffolks. Altogether 12,997 out
of 19,230, or over two-thirds of the sheep catalogued, were of breeds other
than Hampshire Downs. In addition to these there were Southdown,
Suffolk, Exmoor, Oxford, and Border Leicester rams offered. Most of the
cross-breds were merely entered as such, and were probably Border Leicester-
Cheviots, but amongst the crosses specifically mentioned were Border
Leicester-Oxfords, Border Leicester-Ryelands, Border Leicester-Suffolks,
Oxford-Exmoors, Exmoor-Ryelands, and Suffolk-Oxfords.
Both Suffolks and Oxfords are, of course, hurdle sheep, and there are now
registered flocks of both in the county, but most of the other breeds
mentioned are essentially grass sheep, and were introduced into Wiltshire
as such. There is, however, evidence that many of these cross-bred flocks
are now folded for part of the year at any rate. They are lambed down
later than Hampshires, and do not eat so much hay, or need such skilled
shepherding, and are kept for that reason—though, naturally, they do not
have the same effect on the land.
This vogue of the cross-bred as compared to Hampshire Downs makes
sad reading, but there is a brighter side to the picture. Although nearly
all my correspondents agree that the number of grass sheep has increased
much more rapidly lately than the number of hurdle sheep, they nearly all
add that the pendulum has begun to swing the other way. The prospects
of arable farming in Wiltshire may not be bright in any case, but without
the sheep-fold they are black indeed. This truth is becoming recognised
On all sides, and the result: is that not only are many of the cross-bred flocks
being folded, but Wiltshire farmers are returning to their “ old loves”
the Hampshire Downs.
A few months ago the agricultural correspondent of the Times suggested
the possibility that the cultivation of sugar beet might prove an alternative
to sheep farming in Wiltshire. When commenting on the suggestion the
Wiltshire Gazette said, “‘ Sorry indeed we should be if the golden hoof was
substituted by the golden root, and the sugar factory took the place of the
sheep-fold.” One cannot help feeling, however, that the advent of the
“ golden root” will give a new lease of life to!the “ golden hoof.” Sheep
farming, as it has always been understood in Wiltshire, is dependent on the
prosperity of arable farming, and vice versa, and the words of Thomas
Davis are as true to-day as when they were written, 115 years ago :—“ The
arable land of a Wiltshire Down farm is maintained by the dung of the
sheep. . . . It can never be too often repeated that so long as South
Wiltshire remains an arable country, the sheep- fold must be the sheet-anchor
of its husbandry.”
465
SAVERNAKE FOREST FUNGI. Part III.
By Crcin P. Hurst.
[For previous Parts I. and II. see W.A.M., xlii , 543—555 ; xliii., 1483—155.]
The following fungi, over 130 in number, have recently (1924—26) been
observed growing in Savernake Forest and near the adjoining village of
Great Bedwyn. The district is an interesting one for fungi. Conspicuous
and large inhabitants of the Forest are Polyporus sguamosus, P. giganteus,
P. betulinus and Fomes applanatus, and the bolets, Boletus edulis, B.
reticulatus, B. satanas, and B. versipellis. The densely gregarious Pholiota
squarrosa, bristly with recurved scales, is prominent on stumps and at the
base of trees, while high up on the beeches, almost as high as the eye can
reach, grows the shining white, sticky Armillarva mucida, the viscid
secretion of which is much beloved by flies, A well-known mycologist
told me that his admiration of the superb effect of sunlight, seen shining
through plants of Armillaria mucida, at a great elevation on beech trees,
was the cause of his taking up the study of mycology, in the same way that
the beautiful fungus, Hydnum coralloides induced the famous Swedish
mycologist, Elias Fries to become a devotee of the science. Of the agarics
recorded, the bright-yellow Russula lutea var. vitellina and the parchment-
like Lactarius puperatus var. pergamenus are uncommon plants while the
bolets, Boletus subtomentosus var. marginalis, B. pruinatus, B. impolitus, B.
candicans and B. satanas are also infrequent species. The last mentioned
is a large handsome fungus, a rare species of calcareous woods, with a
beautiful blood-red net-work on the swollen stem ; it grew finely in Birch
Copse in the Forest. The curious highly polished Polyporus lucidus, with
the appearance of shining red sealing-wax, was an interesting find in Wilton
Brails ; this plant has been recorded from the pile dwellings of Switzerland
and Italy. The egg-yellow agaric, Bolbiteus vitellinus appeared in April,
after wet weather, on a layer of straw in a field near Bedwyn Brails; near
it, also on the straw, were hundreds of plants of the fragile, ephemeral
Coprinus plicatelis, many of them in the last stages of auto-digestion. The
Spring of 1926 was rainy, and the large tan-coloured St. George’s Mushroom
(Tricholoma gambosum), appearing about St. George’s Day, the 23rd April,
was seen in various localities in pastures. The uncommon violet-stemmed
Russula punctata, with pale cap of an olive-greenish hue, grew in August in
a beech avenue in Haw Wood, and near it occurred the infrequent A. cuti-
fracta, the pale-green cap of which was broken up into a series of warts.
Hygrophorus miniatus observed in Birch Copse was a beautiful little
vermilion species, common but very charming. The flesh-coloured, tough-
stemmed H. laetus was seen on wettish ground not far from Bitham Pond
in the Forest ; it is characteristic of marshy places and spots which are at
times under water, and it is interesting to note that it is near here that the
rare and curious Freshwater Shrimp, Checrocephalus diaphanus has recently
466 “Savernake Forest Fungi.
been found first, by the Rev. A. J. Watson, of Cadley, and then by Mr. A.G.
Lowndes, of Marlborough College, in puddles and pools which dry up in the
summer. Tricholoma rutilans, the yellow cap and stem of which are be-
sprinkled with purple scales, grew on stumps in Bedwyn Brails and near
Bedwyn Common; it occurs on coniferous wood, and is one of the few —
poisonous Tricholomas. Amanita rubescens, the “ Blusher,” from its redden-
ing flesh, and Russula cyanoxantha, with variegated purple and green cap,
appear in the woods in June, in the vanguard of the autumnal host of fungi ;
in June wasalso noted in Wilton Brails, the large, long-stemmed, buff-capped
Amanitopsis strangulata, and in the same month the ring-forming Fairy
Champignon (J/arasmius oreades) was gathered in Tottenham Park.
Hygrophorus psittacuonus, a common green agaric, appeared on West
Leas upon the 29th April, an early record. ‘The mild-tasting, pinky-capped
Russula vesca, with a fair number of specimens of its white form, was seen
in August, as usual, under hazels in Chisbury Wood, and the acrid, red A.
vosacea, of rather irregular shape, was faithful to its usual haunts under
the beeches in Haw Wood. Here was also found an interesting and rather
uncommon rust, Puccenia Veronice growing on Veronica montana ; it
only possesses teleutospores, and these germinate zn sztu. The curious
Sparassis crispa, shaped like a sponge or cauliflower, was seen some years
ago at the foot of a conifer near Sadler’s Hill, and Sebactna incrustans ob-
served in Noke wood and elsewhere, and with every appearance of run
tallow, is another curious plant. I am writing on the lst September, and
so far I have not seen the deadly Amanita phalloides this year, probably
owing to the dry August, but the following triple tragedy near Pontoise,
not far from Paris, reported by the Hcho de Paris of the 10th July, 1926,
was probably due to this fungus :—“ Pontoise, 9 Juillet.—A Haranvilliers,
une famille de Polonais, comprenant trois personnes, vient de trouver la
mort, empoisonnée par des champignons. Dimanche dernier, ils avaient
mangé des champignons cueillis dans les bois environnants. Dés le
lendemain, ils furent pris de violentes douleurs et un médecin appelé,
diagnostique un empoisonnement. Transportés a l’hopital de Marines, la
pere, Joseph Krakowska, 32 ans, et le fils, agé de 3 ans, malgré les soins les
plus energiques, ne tardaient pas & succomber. M™ Krakowska, 26 ans
survécut quelques jours . .. . . . elle est morte aujourd’hui, de
suites du poison.”
The smut Sphacelotheca Hydropiperis generally appears in autumn in
some quantity upon Water Pepper (Polygonum Hydropiper) on a ride near
Rhododendron Drive, converting the ovary into a dark violet powdery mass.
The mildew Ordiwm alphitoides is common on the leaves of sapling oaks
near Great Bedwyn in autumn, and I have once or twice seen it on beeches.
The origin of this fungus is unknown. It suddenly appeared in an epidemic
form in Western Europe in 1907, and spread at least as far as Macedonia.
It is usually known as Oidium alphitoides in this country, where only the
oidial stage is known. The perfect stage is Microsphaera Alm, and has
been recorded from several countries. Occasionally beech, and more rarely
other deciduous trees are attacked.
The fungus ergot (Claviceps purpurea), so well-known in medicine
By Cecil P. Hurst. 467
appears to be widely spread near Bedwyn on wild grasses, being most
frequent perhaps on the Perennial Rye Grass (Lolium perenne). In
recording the fungi below, I have followed the names and arrangement of
Mr. Carleton Rea’s “ British Basidiomycetae” in the main, and I have also
used Mr. Ramsbottom’s “ A Guide to the Larger British Fungi,” and Vol.
IV. of Mr. George Massee’s “ British Fungus Flora”; and Mr. E. W.
Swanton, past President of the British Mycological Society, has very kindly
named nearly all the plants.
BASIDIOMYCETAE.
Lepiota excoriata (Schaeff.) Fr. Near Savernake Lodge in September ; a
large plant with a buff-coloured cap, the cuticle cracking into fragments as
if drawn inwards from the fringed margin ; a common species.
Stropharia squamosa (Pers.) Fr. A group of specimens in Chisbury
Wood ; a frequent plant with a viscid brown cap, the stem is very scaly
below the ring. S. merdaria Fr. A few examples in a meadow near
Burridge Heath in May; a not uncommon species with yellowish pileus
and straw-white tough stem.
Clitocybe inversa (Scop.) Fr. Rhododendron Drive, under coniferous
trees; the cap is brick-coloured and brittle, the stem is whitish, and the
gills are whitish and become reddish at the edge.
Hygrophorus eburneus (Bull.) Fr. In Haw Wood ; entirely shining white,
becoming yellowish with age ; the cap is very viscid in wet weather ; the
stem is glutinous, and is rough with squamules atthe top. H. mniatus Fr.
A charming little bright scarlet agaric found in Birch Copse in July ; it is
a@ common species growing on heaths, in pastures, and peat bogs.
Tubaria crobulus Fr. Chisbury Wood in September. 7’. 2nguilina (Fr.)
W.G.Sm. A specimen in January in a meadow near Stype, on a branch ;
this plant is found in gardens all through the winter on bits of stick, ete.
Crepidotus mollis (Schaeff.) Fr. A stemless, brown-spored agaric, noticed
on trees near St. Katharine’s Church, in the Forest, in January,
Russula densifolia (Secr.) Gill. Near Crabtree Common in August. A
very distinctive character of this species is that the white flesh turns red
when broken and ultimately becomes black, the gills also finally become
black when bruised ; a not uncommon species. &. consobrina var. sororia
{Larb.) Fr. Some specimens on Reading sand in Wilton Brails on the 10th
August. Dark ashyicap with striate margin, and subdistant gills connected
by veins; not uncommon. A. rosacea (Pers.) Fr. A not unfrequent plant
seen in some numbers under beeches in Haw Wood in August. The rosy
fiesh-coloured cap varies in the intensity of the colour and becomes whitish.
The white flesh is reddish under the cuticle, the spores are white, and the
taste is acrid. FR. alutacea (Pers.) Fr. Under beeches in the Grand
Avenue at the beginning of August; a big agaric with broad thick gills,
reddish stem and sulphur-coloured spores, which generally grows under
beeches. A. vesca Fr. Large numbers occurred under hazel in Foxbury
Wood in August; a curious white or bleached form was noticed with the
normal specimens. ‘The cap is slightly wrinkled with veins, and the taste
is mild. R. lutea var. vitellina (Pers.) Bataille. Several specimens of this
468 Savernake Forest Fungi.
uncommon form with egg-yellow cap and saffron gills were noted under
beeches in Haw Wood; it has a strong unpleasant smell.
Lactarius piperatus var. pergamenus (Swartz) Quél. Haw Wood; an
infrequent variety differing from the type in the wrinkled pileus, the longer
thinner stem, and the adnate horizontal gills. The specific pergamenus
refers to the parchment-like texture of the cap.
Bolbitius vitellanus (Pers.) Fr. On a layer of straw upon the ground
near Bedwyn Brails in some quantity in April ; the egg-yellow, deeply
campanulate cap is viscid and smooth, and then becomes furrowed and
splits at the margin, and the stem is covered with white, fugacious, mealy
flocci ; a not uncommon species.
Marasmius ramealis (Bull.) Fr. Specimens of this little agaric were
noticed ona branch in Wilton Brails ; the cap is white with a rufescent
disc or centre, and the stem is mealy ; the base of the stem is rufescent,
which is an important aid in identification.
Lenzites flaccida (Bull.) Fr. Occurred on a stump near Burridge Heath
in April ; the pileus is weaker and more flexible than in its close ally, the
very common Lenzttes betulanus.
Boletus luteus (Linn.) Fr. Bedwyn Brails ; the blackish purple cap is
covered with thick gluten, and the stem hasa well-marked ring ; it grew in
a coniferous plantation. 8. elegans (Schum.) Fr. Under conifers near
Rhododendron Drive; a beautiful plant with a golden-yellow pileus and a
cream-coloured ring; the first specimens noted this year (1926) in the
Rhododendron Drive locality were seen on the 18th June. B. viscidus
(Linn.) Fr. Coniferous plantation near Stokke Common ; a whitish sticky
bolet ; it is also known as B. laricinus from generally growing under
larches. ZB. granulatus (Linn.) Fr. Bloxham Copse; the orifices of the
pores are granular with the dried brown milk, whence the specific name ; it
generally grows under firs and pines. JB. badius Fr. Bedwyn Brails, etc.;
a large brownish bolet, turning bluish-green instantly when bruised, the cap
may grow to nearly six inches in diameter ; apparently not uncommon in the
district ; the smell is pleasant, and it is stated in Carleton Rea’s “ Brotish
Basidiomycetae” to be an edible species. £8. piperatus (Bull.) Fr. The
Brails; an extremely pungent plant springing from a yellow mycelium.
B. variegatus (Swartz) Fr. A specimen near Rhododendron Drive ; the
cap is sprinkled with fasciculate-hairy superficial brown squamules. JS,
chrysenteron (Bull.) Fr. Very common; may be distinguished from its
near relative, B. subtomentosus by the reddish cracks in the pileus and by
the flesh being reddish under the cuticle. B. subtomentosus (Linn.) Fr.
Less frequent than the last, but not uncommon ; the cracks in the cap are
brownish, and the flesh is brownish under the cuticle; the uncommon
variety, marginalzs (Boud.), which is more slender and has an almost smooth
stem, and the pileus bordered by a pale tomentose zone, was also noted.
B. pruinatus Fr. A plant near Rhododendron Drive and also in Bedwyn
Brails; an uncommon species, which has light yellow pores and purplish
cap covered with a whitish or greyish bloom. JB. edulzs (Bull.) Fr. Near
Haw Wood, Rhododendron Drive, etc.; a large well-known plant with a
long swollen stem and brown smooth cap ; the pores are greyish-white and
By Cecil P. Hurst. 469
finally become greenish. It is the C'épe of the French, the Porcino of the
Italians, the Steznpilz of the Germans, and is a much valued esculent on,
the Continent. The fungz suzlla of Pliny and Martial, so-called because
pigs were very fond of them, are usually identified with this species. Mr.
J. Ramsbottom in ‘‘ A Handbook of the Larger British Fungi,” says it is
best for the table just before the tubes become greenish. The tubes should
be removed; the stem, if retained, should be: cut into thin slices.
B. reticulatus (Schaeff.) Boud. Haw Wood, Wilton Brails, London Ride ;
another large fungus (the pileus grows up to six inches in diameter) with
greyish-brown, downy cap; the pores are yellowish, and the stout stem is
reticulated from apex to base; a not uncommon plant, appearing earlier
than its ally, B. edulis. I have found it in June in Foxbury Wood. JB.
impolitus Fr. Wilton Brails, Haw Wood, Savernake Forest ; a generally un-
common species, apparently fairly frequent in this district. Two features are
very characteristic, the yellow ring at the stem apex, and the flesh turning
green when bruised. It superficially resembles B. badcus, but that has a
comparatively thin stem. B. candicans Fr. A largish, uncommon plant,
with sulphur-yellow pores, which instantly turn blue when bruised: the
cap is whitish fawn-coloured, and the stem is swollen: it has been noted in
three localities near Bedwyn, in one of them it grew at the base of beeches
in an avenue between the village and Crofton. #. satanas Lenz. A big
handsome bolet observed under trees near Crabtree Common, in the Forest,
a specimen was also noticed in Bedwyn Brails; the flesh turns red when
bruised and then blue, and a blood-red reticulation covers the stem ; a rare
species of calcareous woods. JB. luridus (Schaeff.) Fr. Savernake Forest,
etc. A common plant; the cap is brown and tomentose, and the flesh turns
indigo blue when broken ; the orifices of the pores are first vermilion, then
orange, JB. versipellis Fr. A little colony several years in succession at
the base of beeches near Haw Wood; a largish, handsome species with
bright rufous, tomentose cap, and stem bristling with black squarrose scales ;
it isa common fungus. JB. scaber (Bull.) Fr. Also a frequent plant seen
in a good many localities; an easily recognized bolet, with long stem,
attenuated upwards, and covered with blackish scales. Very common in
the Italian markets, where it is known as porcinello, or the little pig fungus.
Messrs. R. T. and F. W. Rolfe mention in their fascinating work,
“ The Romance of the Fungus World,’ that Professor Gisenhagen states
that 300,000—350,000 kilos. of Boletus edulis and 150,000—180,000 kilos. of
B. scaber were sold in the summer and autumn of 1901, in the city of
Munich, the largest market in the world for wild mushrooms.
Polyporus perennis (Linn.) Fr. A common polypore, one or two ex-
amples of which were seen in the woods. P. lentus Berk., was noticed, but
is apparently rare. P. sguamosus (Huds.) Fr. Stokke Common, etc. ; a
fungus common on elm; it is a large, conspicuous species, with broad, ad-
pressed, centrifugal, fuscous scales on the pileus, and a stem blackened at
the base. P. ducudus Fr. An immature specimen of this very interesting
plant was noticed on a beech stump in Wilton Brails ; it is generally com-
mon at the base and on the roots of trees, and when full grown, the cap and
stem are bright red in colour and polished, like red sealing wax. It occurs
VOL. XLIII—NO. CXLV. rea
470 Savernake Forest Fungt.
from July to April, and the pileus grows to a length of seven, and a breadth
of six inches, and has a highly ornamental appearance. This fungus has
been found preserved in peat beds in the fens of the eastern counties, and is
recorded from the lake-side pile-dwellings of Switzerland and Italy. P.
intybaceus Fr. was noticed in the Forest,when the British Mycological Society
visited Marlborough in 1903. PP. sulphureus (Bull.) Fr. Near Eight
Walks; a large species growing on trees and stumps, witb soft cheesy
fiesh and sulphur yellow tubes. P. giganteus (Pers.) Fr. A common and
very conspicuous inhabitant of the Forest in autumn, forming large im-
bricated masses at the foot of beeches, etc. ‘The colour is brown and the
flesh is white, becoming black, and is somewhat leathery. Sometimes the
masses are over a foot and a half across. P. betulenus (Bull.) Fr. Another
large, conspicuous fungus growing on birch; it is noticeable on a birch
upon the Cadley road ; the consistency of the flesh is very tough, and it is
sometimes cut into strips and used as razor strops; Mr. A. G. Lowndes, of
Marlborough College, noticed it growing on beech at Leigh Hill, it is rare
on this host. P. nodulosus Fr. On small fallen branches near the Grand
Avenue; the orifices of the pores are silvery and glisten like satin. LP.
adustus (Willd.) Fr. A very common fungus on stumps ; the pore-openings
are greyish,and haveascorched appearance. PP. caeseus (Schrad) Fr. Fox-
bury Wood and Savernake Forest ; a whitish fungus, which becomes bluish
when bruised ; it isa common species. P. tephroleucus Fr. was observed
near the Grand Avenue.
Fomes igniarius (Linn.) Fr. On hawthorn by the roadside at Cadley ;
a hard woody species with dark brown flesh. FF. pomaceus (Pers.)
Big. & QGuill., a common pest on plum trees, occurred on a fruit
tree in the garden of Ivy House, at Great Bedwyn; its colour is
brown or pale red, paler than that of the previous species, of which it is
sometimes regarded as a variety. /F. pomaceus has a great reputation at
Haslemere, in Surrey, as a dressing for a swollen face, the fungus being ground
down on a nutmeg grater and heated in an oven beforeapplication. /. ferru-
ginosus (Schrad.) Massee. Not infrequent on fallen branches; a bright
rust-coloured plant. F#. annosus Fr. Near Bedwyn Common,
and in some quantity in Botley Great Copse; bay brown, then
becoming black; the margin is at first white, a distinctive character.
F. applanatus Karst. A big, common and conspicuous inhabitant
of Savernake Forest, a well-known and very noticeable species, forming
large imbricated brackets on the tree trunks; the spores, which are
abundantly produced, are snuff-coloured, and often deeply tinge the plants
situated below. This and Polyporus lucidus are placed in Ganoderma
by Mr. Carleton Rea, a genus, among other characters, possessing a pileus
or cap with a resinous laccate crust. This polypore is to be found all the
year on the beeches, oaks, and ashes of the Forest. .
Poria vaporarza (Pers.) Fr. Occurs under branches lying on the ground ;
the pores are white, and then become cream-coloured ; an important cause
of dry rot in houses.
Polystictus versicolor (Linn.) Fr. Very common on stumps; the pileus
is marked with variously-coloured zones; the plants are occasionally
By Cecil P. Hurst. 471
infesed with green alge. P. abietinus (Dicks) Fr., with ashy-white pileus
and violaceous tubes, was noticed upon a felled trunk on the west side of
Bedwyn Brails.
Irpex obliquus (Schrad.) ye grew on a tree in Birch Copse.
Trametes gibbosa (Pers.) Fr. Frequent on stumps; a rather conspicuous
plant, with whitish-grey pileus, and linear pores, which are straight, equal,
and from two to eight millimetres long ; the consistency of the fungus is very
tough and firm. Z.rubescens(A.& 8.) Fr. This not uncommon species,
the flesh of which turns red when broken, was gathered in Foxbury Wood,
and in July, 1926, I found a few specimens on a stile leading into Webb’s
Gully Wood.
Daedalea biennis (Bull) Quel. Wilton Brails ; a flesh-coloured, not in-
frequent fungus which is generally known as Polyporus rufescens; the
pores are labyrinthiform, and are white and then become flesh-coloured. D.
quercina (Linn.) Fr. A large, tough, and conspicuous species, common on
oak stumps. ‘The maze-like structure of the pores of this group gave the
genus the name Daedalea, in allusion to the famed Cretan labyrinth con-
structed by Daedalus.
Merulius tremellosus (Schrad.) Fr. In Wilton Brails and near Rhododen-
dron Drive, on stumps ; the folds of the gelatinous flesh are pale pinkish in
colour ; a rather pretty species belonging to the same genus as the well-
known Dry Rot (Jf. lacrymans), the fructifications of which have been
noted at Shalbourne.
Phlebia merismoides Fr. Another pinkish fungus, not uncommon on
stumps and felled timber in the Forest, sometimes growing on moss; it
can be found until February.
Coniophora arida Fr. A not infrequent species, sulphur yellow at first
and then brownish, and with an subundulate, tubercular hymenium, which
avas observed on a beech in the Forest.
Fistulina hepatica (Huds.) Fr. The Beefsteak Fungus occurs occasionally
on oaks in the Forest and elsewhere ; when cut into slices it has the appear-
ance of lean meat, but it is very insipid when eaten. It may attain 30 lbs.
in weight, and in wet weather it may reach its full size in a fortnight. It
is best for eating when mature, as it is then more tender and lessacid. Un-
like Polyporus, it soon perishes, usually not lasting more than three weeks
from its appearance.
Hydnum repandum. A large, pale, buff flesh-coloured plant not un-
common in. the Forest ; it resembles in shape an agaric or toadstool, but in
Hydnum, the radiating gills of the agaric are replaced by white or flesh-
coloured spines. It is an appreciated edible species, and is eaten every-
where in Italy, and also frequently appears in the market at Nice. ZH.
zonatum (Batsch) Fr., brown, tough, and leathery, was gathered in Burridge
Heath Plantation; the specific zonatwm refers to the zoned pileus.
Radulum orbiculare Fr., with whitish spines on a white, then yellowish
receptacle, grew on a fallen branch in Foxbury Wood ; a common species.
Grandinia farinacea (Pers.) Bourd. & Gaulz. is not infrequent ; it grows
on dead wood, branches, sticks, and leaves. ‘The white granules are about
alae,
472 Savernake Forest Fungi.
1—2 mm. in diameter, and the receptacle is snow-white, and then cream or
tan.
Odontia arjuta var. alutacea (Fr.) Bourd. & Galz (=Hydnum alutaceum
Fr.) grew on wood by a pool on the downs near '‘lidcombe.
Sparassis crispa (Wulf.) Fr., a sponge-like species with compact, flat,
plate-like branches, was found at the foot of a conifer near Bedwyn
Common.
Stereum hirsutum (Willd) Fr. with yellow hymenium is a very familiar
object on stumps, and S. purpureum (Pers.) Fr., was also noted ; the latter
is the cause of the dreaded Silver Leaf disease in fruit trees, and is scheduled
under the Destructive Insects and Pests Acts of 1877 and 1907. ‘The order
requires occupiers of any premises on which plum trees are growing to cut
off and destroy by fire on the premises all the dead wood on each plum tree
before the 1st April of every year. Where the dead wood extends to the
ground the whole tree, including the root, must be burned. An occupier
of premises on which trees are growing may also be required to cut off and
destroy in like fashion the dead wood of any tree whatsoever on which
Silver Leaf is visible. The authorities may enter premises on which they
have reason to suspect the presence of trees or bushes to which this order
applies.
_ Hymenochaete rubiginosa (Dicks.) Lév., occurred on a paling near the
Kennet and Avon Canal, and also at the base of a gatepost between Bedwyn
and Wilton Brails; the hymenium, or spore-bearing surface, is bristly with
coloured setae in this plant.
Corticium laeve (Pers) Lév., is common ; it grows on trunks, logs, and
fallen branches, the cream-coloured hymenium is usually cracked in an
areolate manner. The pretty pink C. roseum (Pers.) Fr., occurred in Birch
Copse under beeches. C’. lactewm Fr., which is uncommon, was found in
Foxbury Wood in February, and C’. levedum (Pers.) Fr., a bluish-grey
species, which is also infrequent, was observed in some quantity on a fallen
branch near Bedwyn.
Peniophora quercina (Pers.) Cke., a beautiful plant of a violet colour,
grew on a branch in Almshouse Copse, Froxfield.
Cyphella capula (Holmsk.) Fr. A little, whitish, bell-shaped fungus with
a stem 2mm. long, found by the side of Rhododendron Drive in March ; it
is not uncommon and occurs from September to June.
Auricularia mesenterica (Dicks.) Fr. A gelatinous species with strongly
-veined hymenium, very cartilaginous when dry ; it is a c mmon plant, and
is found all the year round on logs; Froxfield, Shalbourne, etc.
Hirneola auricula-judae {Linn.) Berk. The well-known Jew’s Ear
Fungus, common on elder in Savernake Forest ; it occurs on elder in Ivy
House garden at Great Bedwyn, and is to be found all the year round |
except in dry weather, when it shrivels up. Its favourite host is the elder, |
although it occurs rarely on other trees, such as the beech, elm, oak, walnut, |
and willow. Jew’s Ear is a corruption of Judas’ Ear, an old tradition, |
referred to by Shakespeare, stating that Judas Iscariot hanged himself on
an elder, hence the popular name. It was formerly used as a remedy for |
dropsy and sore throats. Gerard says it “is much used against the |
By Cee P. Hurst. 473
inflammations and all other sorenesses of the throat, being boyled in milk,
steeped in beere, vinegar, or any other convenient liquor.”
Tremella lutescens Pers., with yellowish undulated lobes, is found here and
there on stumps, and 7’. mesenterica (Retz.) Fr., with bright orange contorted
folds, also occurs, often on the stems and branches of furze bushes.
Owing to its conspicuous shining colour, this plant is, in Belgium, sometimes
called St. Gudule’s Lantern, a pretty tradition connecting it with the female
St. Gudule, the patron saint of Brussels, whose lantern, on going to evening
mass, continually blown out by the Devil, was perpetually re-lighted by
angels. 7’. albida(Huds.) Fr. The whitish lobes are common inthe Forest on fal-
Jen branches from September to May, andarerather noticeablein wet weather.
Phaeotremella pseudofoltacea Rea. grew ona stump near St. Katharine’s
‘Church ; the brownish receptacle is very much lobed ; it is not uncommon
on stumps and posts from May to November.
Kaidia glandulosa (Bull.) Fr. A blackish species, not unusual in the
Forest on dead branches; the flesh is soft and gelatinous, and it is some-
times known as “ Witches’ Butter.”
Sebacina incrustans (Pers.) Tul. Noke Wood, near the Bath Road, and
elsewhere; a curious fungus very similar to run tallow in appearance,
incrusting grass, twigs, stems, mosses, leaves, etc. The generic Sebacina
refers to its greasy consistency. It looks as if it had been poured out from
a mould, and then had hardened in all kinds of irregular shapes.
Dacromyces deliquescens( Bull.) Duby. Not uncommon on fallen branches ;
a little, yellow inconspicuous species growing on dead wood and fallen
branches all the year.
Calocera viscosa (Pers.) Fr. Very common on dead branches, and on
felled trunks in the Forest, and elsewhere; this pretty little fungus is
golden-yellow, and is branched in a manner similar to the antlers of a deer .
C’. cornea (Batsch) Fr. Not branched like the previous species ; rather
frequent on dead wood.
Cynophallus caninus (Huds.) Fr. On stumps, and among dead leaves ;
mear Rhododendron Drive; in some quantity near the Grand Avenue
{A. G. Lowndes).
Phallus impudicus (Linn.) Pers. The well-known Stink-horn ; sometimes
called wood-witch, or hedge-witch. Very common in shrubberies, and
growing on sawdust near Rhododendron Drive. A friend of mine, whose
shrubbery adjoined the house,’noticing a very unpleasant smell, came to the
conclusion that the domestic sanitary arrangements were out of order, but
a careful examination proved that adjacent plants of Phallus impudicus
were the culprits. It is stated by Messrs. R. T. and F. W. Rolfe in their
most interesting work, ‘‘ 7he Romance of the Fungus World,” that the
spores of this plant are “embedded in a green viscid mucus of powerful
earrion-like odour, having a great attraction for flies. So greedily do they
devour it that they become almost comatose. Eventually the spores, which
are quite unharmed in the bodies of the insects, are deposited, often at a
great distance from the parent fungus, in a medium suitable for their
germination.” ‘The stalk of this plant has been known to elongate six or
eight inches in two hours. It is mentioned in a French Flora that this
474 Savernake Forest Fungi.
fungus is sold at Lagny, in France, when it is in the immature or “ egg”
state, and that cats and wild boars also eat it at this stage. The writer
goes on to say that neither man nor animal would eat it in the adult state,
the odour is too repugnant.
Lycoperdon giganteum (Batech) Pers. The Giant Puffball. Near Noke
Wood,and in some quantity on the downs near Rivar ; a huge species,
edible when young, and when the flesh is firm and perfectly white ;
it must be rejected if the flesh is tinted with yellow. A specimen
was found near Bedford, 344 inches in circumference and weighing 9]b.,
but this is dwarfed by an American plant observed in Herkimer
County, N.Y., which measured 4ft. 4ins. in its greatest diameter, by 4ft. 6ins.
in its least, though its height was only 94inches. JL. perlatum var. lacunosum
(Bull.). An infrequent variety of the common puffball, Lycoperdon
perlatum, which was found at the top of the Grand Avenue ; it has pits on
the stem-like base of the peridium, the outer enveloping coat of the fungus.
LL. pyriforme var. serotinum (Bon.) Hollés. A number of plants ona stump.
at Leigh Hill; a variety in which the peridium is broken up into areolae or
spaces. ,
Bovista nigrescens Pers. Some plants near Rhododendron Drive ; globose
and blackish.
Two species of Earth Star (Geaster), one of them, G. fimbriatus, were
seen by the Mycological Society in 1903, in the Forest, and Geaster has
been found recently by Marlborough College boys.
Crucibulum vulgare Tul. The little cups of this species were noticed
growing on thatch in Great Bedwyn village ; the peridiola, the bodies that
contain the spores, have the appearance of tiny eggs lying in a nest.
Cyathus striatus (Huds.) Pers. Occasionally on twigs and branches in
- the Forest.
The Earth Ball, Scleroderma vulgare (Hornem.) Fr., is not infrequent on
the rides of the Forest in autumn, and S. verrucosum (Vaill.) Pers. has also
been noted. S. vulgare is common in open places in woods from August to
November ; it is partly immersed in the soil. ‘The odour is strong, rank,
and disagreeable, and it can scarcely be termed edible, yet it has often been
eaten, sometimes with the mistaken idea that it isa truffle. Itis frequently
used for the adulteration of pdadté de fors gras. In its young state it has
been named Vegetable Tripe, and it is then perhaps harmless. Sometimes
it is attacked by a bolet, Boletus parasiticus, as large as or larger than itself,
and this in turn may be attacked by the golden-yellow Hy pomajees
chrysospermus.
‘ASCOMYCETES.
Morchella esculenta I.inn. ‘The Morel was noticed in the spring of 1925
under trees near Sadler’s Hill, Great Bedwyn, by Miss Hurst. The Morel,
the Morille comestible of the French, and the Spugnola gialla of the Italians,
is much esteemed as food; it: is used for flavouring soups, sauces, and
gravies, and also for ketchup. Morels are readily dried on strings, but
should not touch, as this favours the growth of moulds. They grow in
bushy places, generally under elms and ashes, in spring and early summer,
and prefer a calcareous soil.
By Cecil P. Hurst. 475
Helvella crispa Fr. By the side of Rhododendron Drive; a whitish
plant, with convoluted pileus ; the stem is hollow, and is deeply ribbed.
This species is not uncommon in autumn, in woods, and by damp grassy
roadsides near hedges; it is edible but has little flavour. H. lacunosa
(Afzel.). Under trees in Bedwyn Brails ; darker than the previous plant.
Mitrula olivacea (Sacc.). In some quantity on West Leas, Great Bedwyn,
in the autumn ; a dark-olive club-shaped species.
Geoglossum glabrum (Pers.). Wilton Brails ; among grass. Club-shaped,
3—7cm. high, and everywhere blackish.
Leotia lubrica (Pers.). Wilton Brails, and near Rhododendron Drive ;
the receptacle is yellow-olivaceous-green and slimy ; not uncommon in
summer and autumn in woods, and in damp bushy places; a curious little
plant.
Penza aurantia (Cid.). A beautiful species, with a bright reddish-orange
disc, rather common in the Forest ; very fine and conspicuous sometimes
in autumn, by the side of Khododendron Drive; the disc is from 1 to 8cm.
broad. P. onotica (Fckl.). <A pale-yellow largish, ear-shaped, species,
growing finely by the side of the Grand Avenue inthe Forest. P. vesiculosa
(Bull.). On sawdust near Rhododendron Drive ;a common species, when
the fungus is gathered, the spores are elastically projected into the air, and
may be distinctly seen asa faint cloud. P. repanda (Wahlenb.) Fl. Upsal.
p. 466. On a rubbish heap near Rhododendron Drive. P. Polytricheé
(Schum.). Among moss ina sandy place in Tottenham Park ; this little
plant, with a deep orange disc, generally grows among moss, especially
among species of Polytrichum; as far as I remember, in Tottenham Park,
it grew with P. juniperinum. P. badia (Pers.) Obs II., p. 78. Bedwyn
Brails ; a dark bay brown fungus.
Discina venosa (Sacc.). Bedwyn Brails and Chisbury Wood, appearing
in spring; a plant with a strong nitrous scent when crushed.
_ Humaria jungermanniae (Sacc.). Among liverworts, in Foxbury Wood
and at Dod’s Down ; minute, and of a deep greenish-blue colour ; in Foxbury
Wood it was associated with the hepatic, Cephalozia bicuspidata.
Coryne sarcoides (Tul.). A pretty, purple gregarious species whichis rather
common in the Forest on felled timber, etc.
Dasyscypha virginea (Fckl.) with a white disc, and MMollisza cinerea
(Karst.) with a grey one, are not infrequent on dead wood in this district.
The latter was noticed in Chisbury Wood in March.
Chlorosplenium aeruginosum (De Not.) occurs in the Forest and stains
the wood green ; pieces of wood permeated with the mycelium of this
Species are by no means infrequent, and I have once or twice found the
greenish cups of the ascophores; they are much rarer than the myceloid
state. The stained wood is, or was, employed as “green oak” in the
manufacture of Tunbridge ware.
Bulgaria inquinans Fr. Black, obconic, and of the consistency of gutta
percha, it is common on felled timber, etc., in the Forest, and growing
gregariously is rather noticeable; the receptacle is rough and scurfy
externally.
Helotium actculare (Pers.). By Rhododendron Drive in October ; white,
476 Savernake Forest Fungi.
fragile, and waxy; the stem is 1—2cm. high, and it occurs on decayed
stumps near the ground in autumn.
Sclerotinia tuberosa (Fckl.) Symb. Myc., p. 331. This interesting species
grows finely in Chisbury Wood in spring; it is parasitic on the Wood
Anemone (Anemone nemorosa), to the root of which the sclerotium is
attached.
Cuboria ochroleuca (Mass. ) has been gathered on oak near Great Bedwyn ;
the black-brown stem is 1-—3cm. high, and the cup borne by it is cd
or yellowish-brown, and 2mm. to lcm. across.
Hypomyces chrysospermus growing on Boleti and Paxillus involutus, a
parasite of a golden-yellow colour, is common in the woods.
Xylaria polymorpha (Grev.). Treacle Bolly at Marlborough (A. G.
Lowndes) and elsewhere ; the clubs of this pyrenomycete are black, corky,
turgid and irregular; a common species on old stumps. X. hypoxylon
(Grev.). The Candle Snuff Fungus, common everywhere.
Hypoxylon coccineum (Bull.). Very common on beech, and gregarious ;
it is globose, and about the size of a pea; the plants are pruinose at first
and become brownish-vermilion. H. concentricum (Grev.). Foxbury
Wood, etc., not uncommon on dead and dying timber. Mr. Swanton says
that this fungus was carried quite recently by old men in the ‘ fold’ district
of West Surrey and Sussex as a charm against cramp. At Haslemere, the
little spherical tumours of H. coccinewm, mentioned above, were carried
instead, and were considered equally efficacious. Specimens of these ‘‘ cramp-
balls,” as they were called, given to Mr. Swanton by the old villagers, are
to be seen in the Haslemere Museum. A moribund tree in Foxbury Wood is
covered with the blackish excrescences of this fungus, and is well worth
photographing.
Rhytisma acerinum Fr. Abundant on the fallen leaves of Acer Pseudo-
platanus, on which, at Bloxham Copse, I have also noticed R. punctatum.
Stegva ilicis Fr. occurs on holly leaves near Bedwyn, and is not uncommon.
The following is from the “* Hcho de Paris” of the 25th August, 1926 :—
“Les Champignons Mortels, Berlin, 24 Aotit. Par suite de ]’absorption de
champignons vénéneux, 19 personnes atteintes d’empoisonnement ont da
étre hospitalisées. Sur ces 19 personnes qui habitent une localité des
environs de Berlin, 5 sont décédées et 8 sont dans un état désespéré.”
Probably, here again, Amanita phalloides was the offender. It may be
mentioned that the ergot fungus (Claviceps purpurea) occurs in this neigh-
bourhood on the Onion Couch Grass (Arrhenatherum tuberosum), on the
Cock’s Foot (Dactylis glomerata), and on the Tall Fescue (Festuca elatior),
as well as on the Perennial Rye Grass (Lolium perenne), and has even been
noticed on the Yorkshire Fog (Holcus lanatus).
Some specimens of the pretty, white, and diaphanous agaric, Omphalia
stellata Fr. were found on a stump in Haw Wood on the 11th September,
1926, and were kindly identified by Mr. W. B. Grove, of Birmingham
University.
|
|
|
|
|
477
NOTES ON PURTON TITHE BOOKS.
By S. W. SHaw.
Among the numerous books and papers preserved in the Church Chest
in the Priest’s Room of Purton Church, are two Tithe Account Books, one
dated 1726, and the other 1788.
__A perusal of these two volumes throws an interesting sidelight on the
agricultural history of a typical Wiltshire village in the 18th century,
especially as the period under review is remarkable in the annals of agri-
culture for several important features.
Among other changes the 18th century witnessed a great number of en-
closures, and according to the Report of the Committee on Waste Lands in
1797, nearly 3,000,000 acres had been enclosed since the beginning of the
century.
The period also saw the introduction of better methods of farming, a
greater knowledge of the rotation of crops, and the cultivation of various
new sorts of grasses and root crops, notably the turnip and mangold wurzel.
The two tithe books in question, besides furnishing information as to
the incidence and amount of tithes paid, also provide many notes on the
value of land, stock raised, crops grown, methods of farming, prices of
agricultural commodities, and many other details of a purely domestic
character.
Scattered about the pages of both books were slips of paper to the num-
ber of 50 or more, providing memoranda of various kinds, much of it
relating to the personal and domestic affairs of the Vicar of Purton at the
time, the Rev. Richard Glass, who was presented to the living in 1725, his
father having been Vicar before him.
On the cover of the Tithe Book of 1726 are written the following words :—
“Vide the last Page but one of this Book concerning the lots of Great
Tythes once belonging to the Vicar.”
The entry referred to runs as follows :—
* Decb' ye 234, 1728. It was ye misfortune of my father, my prede-
cessor, to succeed a gentlemen from whose executors he could obtain
or hear no true account (either by books or otherwise) of ye great
Tythes belonging to ye Vicar so yt he and I since have been obliged
to find out our great Tythes by enquiry by wch means (I fear) a
great many acres will be entirely lost, however, I have set down
underneath wt acres now pay T'ythe, which are far short of ye acres
mentioned in ye Terrier.”
A list of acres, with in some cases the name of either the owner or the
possessor is appended. The total number of acres given amounts to 433
acres, upon which Great Tithe, that is tithe on corn, grain, hay, and wood,
Sometimes called Rectorial Tithe was charged.
The question as to what constituted Great Tithe or Small Tithe was in
478 Notes on Purton Tithe Books.
many cases decided in a purely arbitrary manner,although by an act passed
in the reign of Richard II. the tithe wasapportioned between the Rector (in
most cases the religious house which had become possessed of the living)
and the Vicar. Cases, however, are to be found in which the general
cultivation of what is usually a Small Tithe has been held sufficient to turn
it into a Great Tithe, and the place of sowing has in some instances deter-
mined the class to which a subject should belong, for example hops sown
in a garden were small, but in a field great tithes (Kasterby’s Hzstory of
Tithes).
As the payment of tithes in kind was conducive to much waste and ex-
pense to the tithe owner, and also produced a certain amount of animosity
between the parson and his flock, composition for tithes became a regular
practice by agreement between the Vicar and his parishioners.
This method dates back to the reign of Richard I. and may consist of
the discharging of certain lands of tithes by the giving to the parson lands
in lieu of tithe on produce, or a method of prescription called a “ modus
decemandi” by which agreed rates are paid instead of the payment in kind.
An interesting note is to be found on the fly-leaf of the Tithe Book of
1788, which runs as follows :—
“Copy of a paper in Mr. Glass’s Tithe Book—on the 10th June, 1741,
it was decreed in the High Court of Chancery that there was no
modus within the parish of Purton for the tythes of milk and calf,
but that the Vicarial Tythes within this Parish, were due in kind,
and accordingly a great many persons paid milk in kind to R. Glasse
the then Vicar. This suit was generously tried at the sole expense
of the Rt. Honble Anthony, Earl of Shaftesbury, the very worthy
patron of this Living.
Witness my hand
Richard Glasse Vic.”
The original of this copy is not to be found in the Tithe Book of 1726,
and the payment in kind of tithes as mentioned does not appear in any of
the entries in the book.
The following are instances of the payment of Great Tithes, found in
both volumes :—
“ April 12th, 1726. Jn. Parker 2/- for an acre of Hay in Woodward’s
Croft.”
“1731. Jno. Wells 4/6 Great Tythe of Coohill.”
“1734. Edward Read 2/- for the Great ‘l'ythe of his ground.”
“1738. Edmund Morgan 6/- for 2 acres of Great Tythe in Brimnel.”
“1738. Timothy Patey 18/- Great Tythe Bayleys’ Ground.”
“©1738. Jno Jeffries 2 half acres of Great Tythes 3/-.”
The question of tithes on wood has been the source of much provocation.
In 1344 a Canon was passed at a Synod held under Archbishop Stratford
which practically made all wood tithable except trees growing from seed
and fir-trees. This was hotly opposed, and the matter remained in dispute
till 18372, when the power of the Canon was limited, and great trees, 1.¢.5
those of 20 or 30 years’ growth were exempted from tithes. The following
entry is interesting on this point :—
By S. W, Shaw. 479:
‘‘“W™" Templer, Febry ye 27th, 1738, for his ground in this parish . . °
and looking after ye Tythe wood in Brockus.”
A dispute as to the tithes on wood is instanced in an entry dated Decem-
ber the 8th, 1737, where the following note is appended :—
*“N.B. Accountable (Mr. Nevel Maskelyne) for wood which he wile
for his own use and therefore thinks not Tythable, about 40 or 50
Luggs.”
There are numerous accounts of agreements between the Vicar and tithe
payers, as to the amount of composition to be paid, which give information
as to the value of the tithable object.
“April ye 12th, 1742. It was then agreed upon betwixt Richard
Glasse, Vicar of Purton, and Richard Morse, dairyman, yt he, ye
said Richd Morse shall pay for wt grounds he rents in this parish
two shillings in ye pound for wt he feeds, and sixpence in ye pound
for wt he mows for three years at quarterly payments. It is agreed
upon yt if ye two parties can’t agree as to ye value of ye lands it shall
be referd to two indifferent disinterested persons to settle ye value,
by whose judmt both parties shall abide.”
This agreement is signed by both parties to it, and witnessed by Thomas
Flower, who from various accounts in other parts of the book was apparently
the Vicar’s servant.
A lengthy agreement dated June 2nd, 1736, drawn up between Richard
Glasse, Vicar, and John Packer, yeoman, is couched in legal language, and
contains some quaint spelling. Tithe is termed “All the Vicarial ‘T'ythes
or Tenths which shall yearly arise, come and grow, renew, increase, Or
happen in, upon or out of the estate or estates which the said John Packer
now dothe or hereafter shall occupy within the parish of Purton,” while
the Vicar is termed “ the incumbent of the Vicarage of Purton.”
There are numerous instances where payment of tithe is made in alump
sum or composition.
“June 2nd, 1735, Mr. Butler pd his Composition by his son for his
estate in Braydon 2—10—0.”’
“ May ye 24th, 1736, Widow Hilliard pd her composition 3—3—0.”
“Septbr ye 14th, 1736, Richd Large pd his Composition due Lady Day
last 2—2—6,”
“April ye 27th, 1737, Mr. Glasse did then declare to ye above Robt.
Holliday yt he received from him ye above sum (l—13—8) as a
composition for his small tythes for one year to Lady day last, and
yt ye composition should subsist no longer than he thought fit and
that he protested against any modus whatsoever, witness Thos
Flower.”
“Mr. Herring, March ye 8th, 1737, received from him by way of Lump
- and Composition . . . 4—0—0.”
“ April ye 16th, 1730, Memdm. Richd Glasse, Vicar of Purton, did then
agree to let to James Hilliard all his small Tythes of ye estate wch
he rents of ye Rt. Honble ye Earl of Shaftesbury in this parish, as
also ye Tythe of Restals’ Bargain with ye Tythe of three Beast
Leases and one acre of Great Tithe in Brunnel, and ye said James
480 Notes on Purton Tithe Books.
Hilliard doth agree to pay for three years from ye date hereof ye
sum of three guineas yearly to ye Vicar for his small Tythes (viz.)
thirty-one shillings and sixpence at every Michaelmas Day, and
thirty-one shillings and sixpence at every Lady day as Witness our
hands
R. Guass, Vicar.
JAMES HILLIARD.”
The subject of leases bulks large throughout all the entries in the Tythe
Books, and the probability is that Purton was in advance of the general
state of agriculture in Wiltshire in the 18th century. |
The gradual breaking down of the open field and strip system of hold-
ings, with rights of common, received a great impulse in Purton at the time
of the dissolution of the monasteries and the Purton Manors coming into
the hands of lay owners are soon disintegrated, giving rise to a numerous
body of freeholders which is a distinguishing feature of Purton economic
history from the Reformation period onwards.
The common grazing rights appear to have been regulated, and some
system adopted, instead of a heterogeneous turning out on the common
of the holders’ cattle. The smaller holders and those whose pasture land
was not sufficient for their own stocks, paid for grazing rights on the lands
of other owners, and so there are numerous entries of tithes paid on adjust-
ment. Adjustment tithe is a small or vicarial tithe and is a subject about
which there is much uncertainty in the early cases.
On the Tythe Book of 1726 there is a list of persons who paid tithes on
leases for the years 1733, 1735, 1736, 1737. An examination of the list of
these leaseholders reveals a fairly prosperous agricultural community, and
the consideration of the tithes paid on stock confirms this belief.
The following figures are taken from the above four lists :—
1733. 51 persons paid for 409 leases.
1735. 46 persons paid for 476 leases.
1736. 42 persons paid for 434 leases.
1737. 39 persons paid for 330 leases.
1737/8. 31 persons paid for 342 leases.
In the list of leaseholders of 1737 appears the name Jno. Purton, and a
lease is in one case called the Parish Lease, probably a piece of land in the
ownership of the Overseers of the Poor.
The internal agricultural economy of Purton at this time with regard to
leases on the common seems to have taken the form of allotting a definite
area of land for the pasturing of a certain number of cattle, and among the
various papers in the Church chest there is a book entitled “ William Gile’s
Book, May 3rd, 1730,” giving a list of all persons holding grazing rights on
the common, together with the head of cattle placed thereon.
Kighty-two persons are mentioned and the number of leases amounts to
374. The cattle turned in are as follows :—Cows 140, Oxen 55, Yearlings
137, Horses 31, Colts 22.
The following extracts from the Tythe Book give information as to the
extent and value of a lease, both enclosed and common.
Tithes paid on leases :—
By S. W. Shaw. 481
“ April 11th, 1726. Wm. Pealingham, 3 lease, 5d.”
“ March 27th, 1731. Jno. Wells, 12 leases, 10/-.”
“ April 8th, 1744. Robt. Holliday, 6 leases, 5/-.”
** May 2lst, 1735. Mr. Plummer, 5 leases, 4/2.”
“ Augst ye 17th, 1736. Mr. Maskelyn pd for 233 Sumer Leases 11/9,
3 leases stocked by Thos. Newth with milch cows for wch he would
pay nothing, and for 264 Winter Leases he tendered me half a crown
and refused to pay any more.” _
A note is found later stating that ‘‘ Mr. Maskelyne pd for his 263 winter
leases 8/10.” 7
* March 24th, 1737. Jno Jeffries, 4 winter leases, 1/4.”
The value of a lease in the common is found in the following :—
‘May ye 17th, 1742. It was then agreed upon between R. Glasse,
Vicar of Purton, and John Baker, to pay 2s. in ye pound for wt he
feeds, and 6d. in ye pd for wt he mows, for 2 yrs from Lady day last
valuing ye comon grounds at 20s. a lease.”
“ John Horton, Oct. 14th, 1743.
8 Leases fed 12/-
54 Leases fed 8/9.”
The usual tithe on fed land being 1/6 in the pound, the value of a lease
is practically 20s. ‘The rent of a lease is shown in the following :—
“ July ye 2nd, 1726. Wm. Masline pd also three pds for ye Rent of
five Leases.”
July Ist, 1727. Richard Scutts pd for 12 leases 7—4—0.”
*“ April ye 4th, 1743. All Leases yt are fed or mowed to be valued at.
twenty shillings a lease a year.”
In the Tythe Book of 1788 appears the following entry :—
Allot™ in Stoke Common in 3 fields (a) 9 acres 5 fed (b) 7 acres 5 fed
(c) 10 acres 5 fed, in this ten acre ground one two acres or one lease
| belonging to Mr. Thos. Dyke only.”
Further information on the question of a lease is provided in adocument
_ dated December 24th, 1741. This document is one of a number of papers
_ relating to the Poor Law administration in the parish of Purton, and is a
_ Signed examination before W. Stanley and R. Freke, two of the Justices of
| the Peace, of Clement Barnett, labourer, touching his legal settlement in
| accordance with the Act of Settlement of the reign of Charles II., 1662,
- entitled “ An Act for the better relief of the poor.” The paper is here given
| In full.
| “Wilts to wit. The Examination of Clement Barnett, Labour™ taken
| upon oath the 24th day of December, 1741. This Examt. saith he
was born in the Parish of Winterborn in the County of Wilts, and
| that upwards of twenty years ago he was hired a servant to Mr.
| William Maskeylne, of the Lodg in Braydon, in the Parish of Crick-
lade St. Sampsons, in whose service this Examt. lived several years,
| and received for every year his full wages, and when this Kxamt.
left, his said Master Maskelyne, he came to live in the Parish of
Purton in the said County, and there dwelled ever since, and further
saith he rented at one time by the year fifty shillings of Pasture
482 Notes on Purton Tithe Books.
Ground belonging to Mr. Robert Moulden, situate in Purton afore- |
said, and the same year he rented Three pounds a year of Pasture |
Ground of Mr. Dyer situate in the said Parish of Purton, and also a
dwelling house in the said parish at Twenty-five shillings by the |
year, and also further saith, that at the time he rented in the said |
Parish of Purton aforesaid, he rented four cow commons in Purton
aforesaid at ‘I'wenty shillings each from the third of May to the first
day of November following, and this Examt. at the expiration of
the said four cow commons as aforesaid, made a fresh contract for
four cow commons to feed the same with sheep untill the Lady day
following at Three shillings to a Cow Lease, and three sheep to a
Cow Lease, and further saith not.
The mark of Clement Barnett.
Sworn before us, W. Stanley, R. Treke.
A curious entry found in a small book of Tithe papers lying loose in the
‘Tithe Book of 1726 must close this article. ‘‘ April ye 15th, 1734. Then
let to Anthony Bath Senr 4 leases at 18s. each to be paid for at Xmas ©
2—12—0; a bottle of wine if he lets ym for more.” |
PLATE 1.—Guy’s Rift, Slaughterford.
483
GUY’S RIFT, SLAUGHTERFORD, WILTS:
AN EARLY IRON AGE HABITATION.
By T. F. HEweEr.
{Reprinted by permission from the Proceedings of the Spelxological Society
(of Bristol) for 192. > %29—237.]
While attempting to gain access to a rift at Slaughterford, Wilts, in 1922,
Capt. Guy St. Barbe dislodged a quantity of earth in which he found
numerous human bones and remains of various domestic animals ; he spent
some days in carefully collecting all available material and submitted a re-
port to Sir Arthur Keith.
In spite of Capt. St. Barbe’s vigilance at this time, some boys visited the
spot and removed a large number of bones ; fortunately, however, most, if
not all, of these found their way to the Devizes Museum.
In the autumn of 1924 Sir Arthur Keith requested the Speleological
Society to assist Captain St. Barbe inthe excavation of the site. In January,
1925, the work was begun.
The site consists of a seventy-five foot long vertical rift in the oolite cliff
{Plate I.) at the top of a steep slope overlooking the river, 520ft. west of
B.M. 198.4, near the Slaughterford Paper Mills, on the 6-inch Ordnance
Survey Map, Wilts, Sheet XIX., S.E.; the site is here marked “ Cloud
Quarry,” but it does not seem to be known by that name at the present
day. Extensive quarrying of the oolite along the top of this hill was per-
formed several hundred years ago, and it is said that stone for building
Malmesbury Abbey was obtained here.
The rift nowhere reaches the surface of the ground above, as it is covered
by 10ft of undisturbed rock. The northern end has been fully exposed by
quarrying so that it is impossible to say whether the rift became much
wider at that end, what the original entrance was like, or where it was
situated. The lower levels of the rock, which are of superior quality, have
been undercut, thus producing a cave-like appearance ; this is represented
by the dotted line on the plan (Fig. 1).
The floor of the rift was some 12ft. above the level of the ground, so that
it could only be entered by a somewhat perilous climb up the face of the cliff.
Plate I. is a view of the north end of the rift ; the trees in the foreground
stand within the quarried area; the undercutting at the foot of the cliff
and the precarious nature of the overhanging strata are plainly visible.
EXCAVATION.
The material fallen from the end of the rift was sorted and excavation of
the undisturbed floor begun ; this was attended with great difficulty on
account of the darkness and narrowness of the passage, the average width
Deing less than 2ft. The stratification was as follows :—
(a) Two feet of dark earth, with the débris of countless jackdaws’
nests.
484 Guy's Rift, Slaughterford, Wits,
(6) A layer 1ft. deep, containing charcoal, burnt bones, pottery, and
human remains, etc.
(c) Barren clayey soil with loose stones and boulders extending to the
ground level.
/
(} I / SOS x
y | i
t io =
y/ ae l 1 i
oer 3
y fh ee
I
by oe
KE
WY Bib Ah. ee
j 4 RECENT EARTH. _ _ ie
HEARTH
eat
, Y ee
A-- ik YY oe
B---H BARREN ——
G
mp DEPOSIT.
UY ; h ==
/ / De pe
y if, < te {
‘ i y See a Wier eS
X , YG: Y
pus \ ( ‘MAIN RIFT
MAIN RIFT
. SECTION sul
y NEAR ENTRANCE
PLAN
0 Ss to (6 2.0 feet. Q s 10 ine feel. ,
Fia. 1.
A trench was also dug to a depth of 8ft. at the south end of the cliff |
(Fig. 1); this showed that his end had also been quarried, and no signs of
habitation were found. }
The main rift could be entered at the south end, but it was not possible |
to get right through on account of some large boulders with which it was |
By 1. F. Hewer 485
not safe to interfere. The earth deposit ended at a point 29ft. from the
north end (marked C in Fig. 1) so there was no object in attempting to
force a passage.
The small rift was explored and opened up at its north end, so that it
became possible to crawl through ; it was in a “chamber” here (marked
D in Fig. 1) that Capt. St. Barbe found some fragments of flint, including
a rough blade; similar flints are to be found on the field above the cliff,
and, in the absence of any possibility of this part being occupied at any
time, they must have falien in during quarrying operations.
| FINDs.
These include those found originally by Capt St. Barbe, those obtained
during the excavations, and the bones which were sent to Devizes Museum ;
for the last I am deeply indebted to the Committee of the Wiltshire
Archeological Society who have kindly presented them to the Spelzological
Society.
Human REMAINS.
Four adults and three children. It was possible to reconstruct a large
part of one of the adult skulls, and it is on this that Mr. L. H. Dudley
Buxton has written the report which is published in this issue.
Many other bones, besides skull fragments, were found, but these present
no points of particular interest. One of the adults, judging from a mandible
which shews signs of absorption, was an old man; the other three were
probably middle-aged ; the chiJdren were aged about four, six, and eleven
years respectively, these figures being arrived at by examination of
unerupted teeth.
The human bones were found from the entrance of the rift to a point
twenty-six feet in (marked A in Fig. 1), where the passage became narrowed,
and there was a turn to the left; no daylight penetrates beyond this point.
At this corner there was a large flat stone lying obliquely across the passage,
and it was under this that the frontal bone and other skull fragments of
the eldest of the children were found.
ARTIFACTS.
A few rough pot sherds with charcoal and burnt bones were present in
the occupation level for a distance of twenty feet from the entrance (marked
B in Fig. 1). Only two pot fragments could be fitted together ; they
represented part of the brim and side of a vessel three inches in diameter
(Vig. 2, No. 1); no part of the base was recognisable. The paste is over
three-quarters of an inch thick, coarse and black throughout, containing
many white granules and fragments of snail shells ; the pot is hand-made
and devoid of decoration ; the rim is slightly incurved, and the sides slope
uniformly inwards without a shoulder; the outside is coated with a thin
layer of oolitic mud which has evidently formed since the pot was deposited
in the rift.
Rim fragments of two other vessels were found ; the first (Fig. 2, No. 2)
is of the same material as that just described, but is thicker and belongs to
a larger vessel ; it bears two faint indented lines, but these do not seem to
be part of any scheme of decoration ; the rim is incurved, flat on top, and
has a slight lip along the inner side. ‘The second fragment (Fig. 2, No. 3)
VOL. XLIII.—NO. CXLV. K 2
486 Guy’s Rift, Slaughterford, Wilts.
is of finer material and belongs to a vessel roughly six inches in diameter ;
it also is hand-made, of a reddish clay, containing many granules and shell
fragments ; there are traces of a horizontal incised line one-eighth of an
inch below the rim, marking it off from the body ; the rim is incurved and
flat on top. This pot bears some resemblance to a type found at Fifield
Bavant, Wilts.
Inch Seale.
Fig. 2.
A few sherds of another vessel, with a thin layer of red clay on the out-
side, were also found ; the paste is of the same nature as those described
above, but is rather less thick.
All the fragments would appear to be ordinary domestic ware; they are
certainly referable to the Karly Iron Age, but whether Hallstatt, or early
La Téne, it is difficult to say.
The only other artifact was a chalk bead (Fig. 2, No. 4) which consists of
a roughly circular nodule of chalk, flattened unevenly on either side and
bored cleanly through the centre.
ANIMAL REMAINS.
A great many bones and teeth of ox, apparently belonging to one
individual ; the distal ends of many of the ribs have been cut off by blows
with some sharp instrument; only a few of these shew signs of charring
by fire, but the long bones are split longitudinally.
Wild boar and sheep bones are plentiful. Other animals include, badger,
weasel and recent voles, mice and shrews, rats and (?) otter.
By T. F. Hewer. 487
Several jaws of a large species of dog have been identified by Mr.
J. Wilfrid Jackson as being “ of the same type as those from Glastonbury
Lake Village and the Early Iron Age sites at All Cannings Cross, Fifield
Bavant, and Swallowcliffe Down, Wilts; it is the type of Canis fumilcaris
described by Riitimeyer as “ House-dog of the Stone Age,” and among
present day races the type is represented by the hound or by the setter or
pointer. There were no “ fancy ” breeds in prehistoric times, but dogs of
general utility to the herdsman and hunter.”
The birds do not call for any special notice, as they are such forms as
may be living in the district at the present time, vzz.: Song Thrush,
Redwing, Blackbird, Robin, House Martin, House Sparrow, Magpie,
Jackdaw, Skylark, Brown Owl, Blackcock, and Pheasant.!
The molluscan remains include: Pomatias eleguns, Mill, Clausilia
laminata, Mont., Polcta cellarina, Miill., and Gonzodiscus rotundatus, Miill.
CoNCLUSIONS.
The rift represents part of a site occupied by people with an early La
Téne or Hallstatt culture. Mr. Buxton’s observations upon one of the
skulls (¢.v.) suggests that they may have been descendants of the old
Neolithic people.
There is no evidence of a definite burial for any of the human bones, and,
on the other hand, there has been no fall of rock within the rift which might
suggest that their presence was due to a catastrophe ; they certainly did
not merely fall into the rift so it is only left to suppose that this was the
back of a larger habitation, the major part having been removed by
quarrying.
My very grateful thanks are due to Mr. A. Jones, of Manor Farm,
Slaughterford, owner of the land, for his kindness and hospitality at all
times, and to the Rev. H. E. Ketchley, of Biddestone, for providing labour
On two days when the work was particularly difficult.
REPORT ON CALVARIUM FROM GUY’S RIFT,
SLAUGHTERFORD, WILTS.
By L. H. Duptey Buxton, M.A., F.S.A.,
Department of Human Anatomy, University Museum, Oxford.
The Calvarium is unfortunately in a very fragmentary condition. I have
reason to believe that there has been a considerable amount of warping,
probably due to the drying of the fragments, either before or after excava-
tion. This warping seems to occur very frequently when bones are much
broken, as the drying proceeds unevenly, and there is no mutual pressure
to help in the retention of the original shape.
Weare singularly deficient in early Iron age skulls. Even the enormous
1 Identified by Mr. E. T. Newton, F.R.S.
2K 2
488 Guy's Rift, Slaughterford, Wilts.
collection of British skulls made by Rolleston only includes two complete
skulls. Any specimens, however fragmentary, are therefore of great value.
Owing to the broken nature of the specimen, in order to avoid excessive
handling, I asked Mr. ‘Talbot Rice, research student in this department, to
prepare tracings with a diagraph natural size. The figures are reduced
from drawings I have made from his tracings. I am much indebted to him
for his help.
Although the muscular ridges are slightly developed, and the forehead is
smooth, and with only a slight projection in the region of the glabella the
general appearance of the Calvarium suggests a male. The age is adult,
but I cannot specify further.
Viewed from the side norma lateralis, the general appearance is striking.
The forehead is high, well developed, and prominent. The vault is evenly
curved, and the occiput bulges considerably, giving the Calvarium an
elongated appearance when viewed in this aspect.
Seen in norma verticalis, that is when looked at from above, owing to
the fragmentary nature of the specimen, the figure is slightly misleading.
This is due to the fact that so much of the left side of the forehead is miss-
ing. The brain case appears to be slightly asymmetrical, a common feature,
probably one side is about two millimeters larger than the other. The fore-
head is broad, showing that, in conjunction with the height already noted,
there was considerable frontal development. In cranial form the view from
on top accords with that of the lateral view that the skull is definitely
long-headed, the cephalic index being probably in the neighbourhood of 73,
well within the dolichocephalic group.
The one absolutely certain Karly Iron Age skull in Rolleston’s collection,
- which is perfectly preserved, that from Market Weighton, in Yorkshire, is
of exactly the same type, indeed the description I have written above would
apply almost word for word to that. A specimen from Sunderland which
may possibly be of the same date is of a different type altogether. The
most striking feature of the Slaughterford and the Market Weighton skulls
is their dissimilarity from the Romano-British specimens. I could parallel
them in this latter series, as we have many hundreds from which to choose,
but the normal type as represented in some picked at random for my pupils
to measure is quite different.
If on the other hand we turn to the older series, the Long Barrow and
other Neolithic skulls, the last. being unfortunately only a small group. we
find that, although often presenting differences, they belong to the same
general type.
Sir Arthur Keith has pointed out that the so-called River Bed type
belongs to the Mediterranean race. There can be little doubt that the
specimen before us belongs also to this division of mankind. The point of
greatest interest is the contrast between this type and the Romano-British.
It is impossible to come to any conclusions on the basis of two skulls, but
it seems worthy of note that these two chance specimens should definitely
belong to the older type, whereas among the many specimens of the succeed-
ing period one has to search considerably before comparable specimens can
be found.
i" By T. F. Hewer. 489
NorMA LATERALIS.
‘he surrounding lines have been divided into centimetres. They are not a frame like
Sir Arthur Keith’s Standard frame, but merely a scale.
a as ae a 3 SH Gn ON Mi min aS Sete S uot iy eng) AO,
[eS KS 6 7 Ott lll SOS I ake
| Skull from Guy’s Rift, Slaughterford.
490
TWO BRONZE AGE BEAKER BURIALS
AT NETHERAVON. :
By Mrs. M. E. CUNNINGTON.
The two drinking cups, or beakers, illustrated, were found during excava-
tion for the foundations of a new aerodrome at Netheravon Flying School
in June, 1926. Two graves were found in the chalk about ten yards apart
and about three feet deep. One grave contained the crouched skeleton of
an aged woman with beaker No. 1; the other the crouched skeleton of a
woman about 30 to 40 years of age, and a child about fifteen months old,
with beaker No. 2. Nothing else seems to have been found except a large
Beaker No. 1. Beaker No. 2.
natural flint of peculiar form said to have been lying across the chest of the
older woman. The flint is 18 inches long, roughly cylindrical or bar-like,
and 14in. to Zin. in diameter ; at one extremity there is a projection sug-
gestive of a small outstretched forefinger, indeed the whole flint has some
resemblance to a long withered human fore-arm, it was found broken in
two pieces.
Beaker No. 1, found with the old woman’s skeleton, is well made and
somewhat elaborately ornamented, the lines being in the usual notched
technique. ‘There are four double rows of punch marks shaped likea grain
of wheat ; two rows on the upper part of the vessel are suggestive of finger
nail ornament but were made by a tool ; a row of ornament on the lower
part consists of slanting strokes partly obliterated by another row of strokes
slanting in the opposite direction. The paste, freely mixed with pounded
flint, has a black core burnt to a light red and tooled on the surface.
Height 6$in., rim diam. 43in., base 3in.
Two Bronze Age Beaker Burials at Netheravon. 491
Beaker No. 2, found with the skeletons of the younger woman and child
is of a less elegant shape and not so wellmade. The ornament consists of a
series of notched lines alternating with plain tooled zones; the paste is
similar to that of Nol. Height 7in., rim diam. 42in., base 3in.
The two cups and fragments of the three skulls were secured for the
Society's Museum through the kind intervention of Squadron-Leader
Insall, V.C., M.C., and Captain Dawson, of the School of Aviation, at
Netheravon.
The thanks of the Society are due to Sir Arthur Keith for kindly
reporting on the remains of the skulls.
REPORT ON THE HUMAN REMAINS FROM NETHERAVON.
By Sir Artuur Keita. M.D., F.R.C.S., LL.D.
No. 1. The skull and skeleton represent an old woman, sutures closed
and teeth worn. The chin and all other parts have the characteristics of
the Beaker people. ‘here is a part of her pelvis. One can estimate the
original dimensions of the skull: length 188mm., width 145mm., auric
height 113mm. The index is only 77, but nevertheless the skull has the
markings of the Beaker folk—especially the chin. At the parietal eminence
the skull is thick, 8mm., the thickening being, I suspect, due to a senile
change.
No. 2. The skull of a woman about 30—40 years of age. The original
size cannot now be told, but the lower and upper jaws and the nose are
those of the Beaker folk. She has the strong supra-orbital ridges of that
race. Most of the teeth have fallen out since burial, but all were apparently
sound at the time of death.
No.3. The skull of a child aged about 15 months. Probably a boy.
492
A BIBLIOGRAPHICAL CATALOGUE OF PRINTED
MATERIALS FOR THE HISTORY AND TOPOGRAPHY
OF WILTSHIRE, ARRANGED ALPHABETICALLY
UNDER PARISHES.
By THe Rev. E. H. Gopparp.
In the Magazine for December, 1918, Vol. xl., pp. 209—230, there was
printed a short paper on “ Existing Materials for Wiltshire Bibliography,”
in which it was explained that circumstances had placed all the principal
collections of notes on this subject, made up to that date, in my hands, and
that for many years I had been endeavouring to compress this mass of
material into some form in which it might be preserved, and could be con-
sulted. Since then the work has been continued with the result that so far
as my own share in it is concerned, it has been carried as far as it is ever
likely to be, and it is time that it should be put into a shape in which it can be
usefully consulted in the present, and may perhaps be used as the basis of
a fuller and more complete catalogue by other workers in the future.
As to its scope, no attempt has been made to deal with any manuscript
materia], or with maps, prints, drawings, or illustrations. The catalogue
has been confined entirely to printed matter, as represented by Books,
Pamphlets, Acts of Parliament, Particulars of sale, Articles in Newspapers
and Periodicals, and the like. This of course limits the proportions of the
material collected, and to some extent its usefulness, but even so the two
sections of the “ Bibliography ” have attained a volume which entirely forbids
any idea of printing it, even if it were complete enough to warrant such an
intention, and that it certainly is not, for its compiler has never had the
advantages which the veg hoot ooe of a great reference library would
have afforded him.
The larger section of the collection is that which deals with the writings
of 1700 to 1800 authors who may be reckoned as belonging to this county by
right of birth, residence, or office. All writings of the authors known to the
compiler, on whatever subject, have been noted and are entered on loose
sheets of paper of foolscap size, under the author’s name, arranged in
alphabetical order in twelve drawers (two “nests” of six drawers each) in
the Society’s library, so that any author’s works can be referred to at once
without difficulty. In all cases where the book or article has passed
through my own hands the full title page verbatim with particulars as to
size, number of pages, illustrations, &c., is given. The references to separate
books, editions, or articles, noted in this section were reckoned in 1918 to
number just under 15,000, and they have been added to since that con-
siderably.
The other section of the collection ig that dealing with the printed
material available for the History or Topography, using that word in its
widest sense as including the Natural History,Agriculture, Geology, é&c., both
of the County as a whole, and of each Parish separately, has also been
Wilts Obituary. 493
arranged alphabetically and is contained in six drawers in the Society’s
Library. On these sheets the full title, &c., of each item has been entered
as in the case of the preceding section. It seemed, however, desirable to
condense, correct, and rearrange the contents of these sheets in a form
which can be more readily consulted by any one who wishes to know what
has been printed about any particular parish in the county. In this final
form, which has now been typewritten and bound up in five volumes con-
taining 1088 pages, which will be placed in the library, only so much of
the title page of each item has been given as will suffice to identify it clearly,
together with its date, size, and number of pages, and where the Society’s
library possesses a copy of the work, the letters D.M. (Devizes Museum)
are added. To give the entire title page, as has been done on the loose
sheets, would have occupied too much space in the typewritten volumes,
The weakest side of the catalogueis probably that concerned with Genealogy,
Family History, and Records, but it lays no claim to be even approximately
complete on any side. ‘The main sources from which it was compiled have
been already mentioned in detail in the previous article referred to above.
It remains only to record here my indebtedness to the late Mr. John
Sadler who up to the day before his death was engaged in reading the MS.
of the Catalogue and adding thereto a large number of references, more
especially of Wiltshire Acts of Parliament. Only two typed copies of this
Catalogue have been made, one for the Society’s Library at Devizes whilst
the second will go to some other public library.
Throughout the Catalogue :—
W.A.M.= Wiltshire Archeological Magazine.
D.M.=Devizes Museum Library.
Sal. Lib.=Salisbury Public Library.
In the case of Avebury and Stonehenge, the items (numbering 947
mentioned in W. Jerome Harrison’s voluminous “ Bibliography of the
Great Stoae Monuments of Wiltshire,” W.A.J/, xxxii., pp. 1—169 (Dec.
1901), have not been repeated in this Catalogue.
WILTS OBITUARY.
Aaron Watson, died June 26th, aged 75, at Lacock. Buried at
Bowden Hill. Born in Derbyshire, 1850, he spent his life in journalism.
Beginning as the editor of a Manchester weekly paper, he shortly afterwards
started, wrote, and published The Newcastle Critic. This led to his appoint-
ment as assistant editor of the Mewcastle Weekly Chronicle and he con-
tinued on the staff until in 1880 he migrated to London and wrote for the Pall
Mall Gazette and Magazine of Art. Later he joined the staff of the Hven-
ang News and for a while edited The Echo. Going back to the north he
edited the Shields Daily Gazette, The Northern Weekly Leader, and the
Newcastle Daily Chronicle, one after the other, returning to London as
correspondent of the Bradford Daily Observer. He was vice-president of
the Institute of Journalists in 1885, and its hon. secretary 1894—5, attended
the World’s Press Congress at St. Louis in 1904 as a British delegate, and
again at San Francisco as delegate and correspondent of The Times. After
494 Wilts Obituary,
his retirement to Lacock, where he died, he took an active part in local
politics, as a fighting Liberal, being elected chairman of the Chippenham
Divisional Liberal Executive. He married, 1871, Phoebe, d. of John
Gibling, of Norwich, who died in 1915, and leaves three sons, all three
occupying high places in journalism, and one daughter. He was a J.P. for
Northumberland, and a member of the first County Council.
Obit. notice Wrltshire Gazette, July 1st, 1926.
He was the author of :—
Brown Studies (Essays). 1885.
Waifs and Strays, with verses Grave and Gay. 1886.
For Lust of Gold,a Romance. 1890.
More Waifs and Strays.
F.C.G., a Sketch.
A Medley of History, Anecdote and Reminiscence. 1907.
Tennyson (The People’s Books). 1912.
A Great Labour Leader. 1908.
Papers on Fishery Questions.
History of the Savage Club (perhaps his most important work),
‘The Story of Lacock Abbey [Printed in instalments in the Wiltshire
Gazette in Feb., March, and April, 1923, noticed W.A.,, xlii., 384—386].
A Newspaper Man’s Memories, with 16 illustrations. London.
Hutchinson & Co., 1925. 8vo., pp. 324[noticed W.A.d/, xliii., 241].
He was also joint author of The Marquis of Carabas, a novel; The
Royal River and Rivers of Great Britain, and he concluded the
unfinished Autobiography of Thomas Burt.
fle was also a large contributor to many Reviews.
Samuel William Farmer, died July 9th, 1926, aged 78.
Cremated and buried at Little Bedwyn. Son of James Farmer, of Market
Lavington. Educated at the Spa School, Melksham, he studied at Aberdeen
for the medical profession, but in consequence of lung trouble settled down as
a farmer at Easterton Hill Farm. Mr. Farmer was avery remarkable man,
ee: He began farming in a small way with very little capital : he died
a reputedly wealthy man. His success was due to great energy, sound
judgment, bold initiative, and general force of character.” He was not a
typical farmer, “farming only appealed to him as a means of making
money.” ‘To succeed in what he undertook was his hobby. Figures and
calculations were his recreation.” After his marriage with Miss Redman,
of Coulston, he rented Little Bedwyn Manor Farm, which he afterwards
purchased and lived at until his death. Here he proved that milk could
be profitably produced on an arable farm. About 1880, in the bad times,
he took Collingbourne and Grafton Farms in partnership with his half-
brother, W. B. Gauntlett, and started large dairies there. In 1885 he
entered into partnership with Mr. F. Stratton, at the Manningfords, and in
1889 they rented also Cuttenham, Hilcot, and Charlton Farms. In 1892
he took Rushall and part of Wilsford, and later on Horton, Norton Bavant,
Bishopstrow, Patney, and Puckshipton. On all these farms milk was pro-
duced on a very large scale. He also rented Ham and Enford Farms, and
Wilts Obituary. 495
for a few years had in addition a large holding at Henley on Thames. At
the height of his career he controlled the management of 25,000 acres of
land and over 2,000 cows. ‘‘ For many years he had the reputation of being
a hard, close man; probably he was then . . . in later life he became
a, very generous contributor to-any object that appealedtohim .. . It
was his contribution of £3,000 that made the extension scheme at Saver-
nake Hospital possible.” He was a governor and a benefactor of the
Dauntsey School ; a trustee of Somerset Hospital at Froxfield, and of the
Broad Town Charity ; a J.P. for Wilts since 1907 ; an original Alderman of
the County Council, and vice-chairman of the County Rate Basis Com-
mittee, where his very special knowledge of all assessment matters was of
great value. He was for 30 years churchwarden of Little Bedwyn. He left
a gross estate of £404,330 chiefly to charities.
Long obit. notice with portrait, Wiltshire Gazette, July 15th; Wiltshire
Times, July 16th, 1926.
Mrs. Frances Darbishire, of Elms Cross, Bradford-on-Avon,
died July 4th, 1926, aged 49. She had never recovered from her husband’s
(Mr. Charles William Darbishire, Liberal M.P. for the Westbury Division
in 1922 and 1923) death at Singapore during a voyage round the world in
June, 1925. She was an ardent politician, an excellent speaker, and it was
largely through her help that her husband won the seat. After his death
she was asked to contest more than one constituency, but declined. She had
won the affection and regard of the Liberal women of the Division in a re-
markable degree.
Long obit. notice and portrait, Weltshire Times, July 10th, 1926,
William Tiptaft Young, died July 15th, 1926, aged 64. He
farmed at Ludgershall, and afterwards at Herridge, Collingbourne King-
ston, and later at Spitalcroft, Devizes. Retired to live at Claremont,
Littleton Panell. J.P. for Wilts, 1918, and for some time chairman of the
_ Rural District Conncil. He leaves two sons, William Douglas and Cecil
_ Herbert, and a daughter.
Obit. notice, Weltshire Gazette, July 22nd, 1926.
| Col. Charles Richard Luce, V.D,, D.L., died Oct. 7th,
1926, aged 97. Buried in Malmesbury Cemetery. Born March 26th, 1829,
son of Thomas Luce, who was M.P. for Malmesbury 1852—59. Educated
at Fairfield Moravian School, Manchester. He succeeded his father as
_ Manager of the Wilts and Dorset Bank, at Malmesbury, and was also a
_ director of the bank for 35 years until its amalgamation with Lloyds Bank
| in 1913. He also succeeded his father in the ownership of the Mill and
_ Abbey Brewery, Malmesbury, a large business which he sold in 1912 to the
| Stroud Brewery Company. He stood as Liberal candidate for Malmesbury
_ at the 1881 election but was defeated by Col. C. W. Miles. He subsequently
_ became a Liberal Unionist. He was the first Mayor of the Borough under
the new Corporation in 1886, 7, and 8. He qualified as J.P. for Wilts in
1876. He joined the tile balay Company of Volunteers as Lieutenant in
1859, and served with the 2nd Volunteer Battalion until 1889, commanding
|
|
|
|
al
\
496 Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles.
the Battalion as Colonel for seven years. An earnest churchman he acted
as churchwarden of St. Mary’s, Westport, for many years, paid the whole
cost of re-seating the Church, and contributed £200 towards the purchase
of the Parish Room in Silver Street. He was a most generous donor to
the Cottage Hospital funds, and in many other ways. The Wiltshire
Gazette said of him that by his death Malmesbury had lost ‘its most aged,
popular, and respected inhabitant.” He married, 1861, a daughter of
Harman Visger, a Bristol merchant. Of his sons, Lieut. W. C. Luce died
in the 8. African War, and his eldest son, Edward, died in1887. ‘T'wo sons
survive him ; Major-General Sir Richard Harman Luce, K.C.M.G., C.B., |
F.R.C.S., Conservative member for Derby, Assistant Director of Medical
Services, 1915; and Vice-Adm. John Luce, C.B His only daughter —
married Mr. Norman Maclean, a Cambridge professor.
Obit notices: WV. Wilts Herald, Oct. 8th, with portrait : Wiltshire Gazette, |
October 14th, 1926.
WILTSHIRE BOOKS, PAMPHLETS, AND ARTICLES.
[N.B.—This list does not claim to bein any way exhaustive. The Editor |
appeals to all authors and publishers of pamphlets, books, or views, in any
way connected with the county, to send him copies of their works, and to |
editors of papers, and members of the Society generally, to send him copies |
of articles, views, or portraits appearing in the newspapers. |
Report of the Marlborough College Nat. Hist.
Society for 1925. The botanical section reports that the total
number of species noted in the 10 miles radius is now 845. Lepidium
draba, Utricularia, Hieracium Bauhini, together with four new “ species ”
of Viola, and twelve of Rubus have recently been found. Of birds it is |
noted that the Corncrake is completely absent, the Coal Tit is uncommon, |
and the Tree Sparrow fairly plentiful. Mr. Peirson is convinced that the |
Curlew nests in the neighbournood. In the entomological section amongst
thirteen new species of Hymenoptera are the first two females of Andrena |
congruens taken in Britain. Mr.H. C. Brentnall has a paper on “The |
Manor of Rockley,” in which he records that Rockley, in N. S. Wales was |
so called by Captain Watson Augustus Steel, a native of the Wiltshire |
Rockley, who called a grant of 4,000 acres made to him in 1828 by this |
name. Alfred of Marlborough is mentioned in Domesday as holding Rockley, |
but Mr. Brentnall thinks that there must have been two manors from the |
time of Domesday downwards. ‘he descent of Alfred’s manor can be |
traced through the Ewyas family to that of Tregoze, thence to Will de
Grandisson, the Pateshull family, Roger Beauchamp of Bletso, and by an |
heiress to Oliver St. John, and the St. John’s of Lydiard Tregoze held it }
Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles. 497
apparently till the beginning of the 19th century. But in 1222 the King
grants timber from Savernake Forest to Hugh de Kilpec for the rebuilding
of his two houses at Rokele, and in 1244 the King assigns the Manor of
‘‘ Roclegh ” to the widow of Hugh de Kilpec. Mr. Brentnall believes that
there were two holdings at Rockley, the chief manor and a smaller manor,
and discusses this complicated question in the light of such records and
Inquisitions as are available, which are here quoted at length. By the 19th
century the two holdings seem to have coalesced into one, held by the
Baskervilles of Ricardstone in Winterbourne Bassett. Sir Hugh Smyth,
Bart., of Ashton Court, Som., bought it in 1820, and his family held it
until 1855, when it was sold to W. T. ‘Tanner, whose son, Will. Tanner, sold
it in 1911 to H. de H. Whatton, the present owner. Some account of a
trial in 1853 on the lines of the more famous and later Tichborne
trial, which aroused great interest at the time, is quoted from a rare pamphlet
in which the whole history of the case is given. One Thomas Provis claimed
on the strength of a series of forged documents to be the son of
Sir Hugh Smyth, and the rightful claimant to the estates and the baronetcy.
The Manor Rolls of Rockley have disappeared and are believed to have
perished in a fire at Salisbury. The next paper is one on ‘‘ Cow Bridge,”
with a good photograph of the old three-arched red brick bridge probably
built by Lord Hertford between 1718 and 1723, when the castle grounds
were enlarged, and the course of the road across the river altered. A por-
tion of Stukeley’s “* Prospect of Marlborough from the south, 1723 ” (tin.
Cur. Vol’ II.), is reproduced showing the old bridge. The writer, apparently
the editor, Mr. L. G. Peirson, regards the date 1723 as that when the sketch
was completed, possibly recording conditions, as of C. House incomplete,
which prevailed at a somewhat earlier date.. A photograph of the new two-
arched bridge of reinforced concrete built in 1925, quite comely in itself,
faces that of the old bridge. Thename of the earlier bridgein Elizabethan times
was Cole Bridge, which later became Cow Bridge, but to the College it has
always been “ Ducks Bridge.” ‘The Risings of the Rockley Bourn,” by L.
G Peirson, collects the data as carefully recorded since 1904, in connection
with the rainfall and the prevalence of wind, to both of which the rising of
the Bourn is popularly attributed, but no conclusion is reached. Probably
the most valuable paper, in this very good number, is ‘ Cyclops of the
Marlborough District,” by A. G. Lowndes. The total number of species of
these “ Water Fleas” known in Britain is 30, and of these no less than 17
have been identified in the Marlborough district and are here elaborately
described, and their specific distinctions, in most cases only to be determined
under the microscope, are illustrated in seven plates. As there is no up-to-
date work on the British Cyclopidz this paper represents original work of
permanent value. A paper on Jocal Fkungi by C. P. Hurst, anda note with a
plate of flint “‘Gravers” from near Marlborough complete the number.
Joan a Gore Church. 7he Dauntseian (Dauntsey School Mag-
azine) had an article by W. K. L. entitled ‘ Pages from local History,”
reprinted in the Wrltshire Gazette of May 8th, 1926, which contained an
account of the village and Church of “St. Joan 4 Gore.” A great fire some
498 Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles.
250 to 300 years ago destroyed the entire village and the inhabitants took |
refuge at Market Lavington, as West Lavington would not receive them. |
*‘ With the passage of time the Church and buildings of this unfortunate
village completely disappeared, so completely that no one knew where they
were situated. . . . Some 50 years ago Mr. Stratton, who occupied the
farm, discovered the foundations of St. Joan 4 Gore Church, while digging |
in a belt of trees at the back of the farm house. The remains, consisting of
the outline of the building, were clearly distinguishable, and the nave,
chancel. and south porch were traced out without difficulty. It appeared
that this gentleman took some care of the discovery, for he fenced it round
and planted shrubs about it. But the farm in time passed to other |
owners, and no trace of the Church now remains. ‘The gentleman who gave
this information (apparently Mr. Sainsbury) saw the outline shortly after
it was unearthed.”
Abiriand Stonehenge. “ Abiri or Avebury, in Hebrew sig-
nifying the ‘ Potentes,’ the ‘ Mighty Ones,’ the‘Sun and Moon.’” “The |
Hele (Greek helios he Sun) Stone” and other choice items of information
are to be found with two illustrations, “Sunrise at Stonehenge” and
‘‘ Abiri restored,” in a short article in The Matconal Message and Banner, |
apparently an Anglo-Israelite publication, Feb. 20th, 1926.
Trowbridge round about 1750. A series of articles by W.
G. Addison, in Wiltshire Times, May 8th, 15th, 22nd, 1926, hasanumber of |
interesting notes, such as the meeting at the George Inn in 1751 of a com-
mittee to raise voluntary subscriptions (100 promised, but not.all paid !) to |
provide 33 lamps and maintainthem. What was“ Bulgins Castle ” so often
mentioned in the accounts as adjoining the churchyard ?
Malmesbury Abbey Church, Proposed Renova-
tious, The Times of April 20th, 1926, had a short notice, and the
Wiltshire Gazette, April 22nd, a much longer account of the various works
for which an appeal for £12,000 was about to be launched. The Wiltshire
Gazette of July 15th, 1926, has also a very full account of the meeting at
Malmesbury on July 8th, 1926, at which the appeal was formally launched,
and of the speeches then made. The most important works of renovation
proposed are as follows. When the .western tower fell cor. 1550 it
destroyed completely the three western bays of the nave, and broke in the
roof and vaulting of the next two bays eastwards. The ceiling of these
two bays was later on reconstructed in plaster upon a wooden frame in
exact imitation of the remaining stone vaulting, indeed so close was the
copy that the majority of visitors to the Abbey never realised that the ceil-
ing of these bays was of plaster at all. The wooden foundation of this
plaster work has now become decayed, and the whole is in imminent danger
of falling. The authorities of the Abbey Church have decided to recon-
struct the vaulting of these two bays in stone in harmony with that of the
rest of the Church. At present the bases of the fine Norman arcades are
buried 18in. under ground, and their proportions thereby greatly spoiled. It
ee CARLO! BPP Ee,
i
|
Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles. 499
is proposed therefore to lower the floor to its original level, in connection
with a new scheme for heating the building. The organ, built by Abraham
Jordan in 1714, is at present placed on the modern “ Norman” stone
screen and gallery at the west end of the nave. It is proposed to remove
this gallery which blocks the west end of the nave, and to remove the
organ, carefully preserving its fine case, to the chapel at the east end of the
north aisle now used as a vestry. At the same time the present poor
modern wooden pews with cast iron ornamentation would be replaced by
chairs, and it is intended, by the erection of oak screens, new choir stalls,
pulpit, &c., to make the east end more worthy of the Church than it is at
present, doing away with the existing deal and cast iron fittings. The
mural tablets on the great Norman Columns are to be retained in their
positions. The font and King Athelstan’s monument are to be moved.
The works will be in Mr. Brakspear’s hands and have been passed by the
Diocesan Advisory Committee. Up to the present something over £2,000
has come in.
The earliest Washington Portrait. Lawrence
Washington, of Garsdon. By W. Roberts. The Con-
noisseur, June, 1926, vol. lxxv., pp. 67—73.
The portrait is of Laurence Washington, son of Sir Lawrence Washington.
of Garsdon. He married Eleanor, second daughter of William Gyse, of
Elmore. He was sheriff of Wilts in 1650, and was elected with Sir Francis
H. Lee, of Ditchley, one of the members for Malmesbury in 1661, but died in
that year and was succeeded by Philip Howard, of Charlton. His widow
married secondly Sir William Pargiter, of Gretworth, and provided the
handsome Communion vessels still in use at Garsdon, by a bequest in her
will of £30 in 1687. This Communion set has been reproduced for use in
the Cathedral Church of St. John, New York. The portrait here illustrated
was at Raynham Hall, Norfolk, the seat of the ‘Townshend family, having
descended from Elizabeth, Lady Ferrers, daughter of Laurence Washington,
to her great-great-granddaughter, who married George, Ist Marquis Towns-
hend. The portrait was sold at Christies in 1904. It has upon it the
Washington arms (stars and stripes). It is suggested that it was painted
by Cornelius Johnson (or Janssens). In addition to the portrait, there are
illustrations of Garsdon Manor House; Sir Lawrence Washington’s Monu-
_ ment in Garsdon Church, with the Washington arms upon it (enlarged) ;
!
|
|
|
|
|
|
i
'
}
{
|
\
|
}
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
}
_ the Washington arms and crest formerly at Garsdon Manor, belonging to
the Woody family ; the brass of Robert and Eliz. Washington in Brington
Church, Northants ; and the Garsdon Communion set.
Some old Houses of Devizes, No. 30, Long Street,
By Ed. Kite, and Woolmore Farmhouse: its Builders
and later Owners. By Col. R. W. Awdry.
The notices of these two articles in W.A.M., xlili., p. 374 (June, 1926),
omit to state that they appeared in the Wiltshire Gazette, the latter on
March 18th, the former on March 25th, 1926.
500 Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Artucles.
The Cathedral Church of the Blessed Virgin |
Mary of Salisbury. 1926. By J. M.J Fi(letcher). A
Handbook for Pilgrims. Price 3d. Issued by
authority of the Dean and Chapter. Pamphlet, 7iin. x
4Zin, pp. 16. Two plates: Part of St. Osmund’s Shrine; Choir and Sanc-
tuary ; and cut of diminutive effigy of 13th cent. Bishop (erroneously spoken
of as the Boy Bishop). |
A short note on the history of the diocese and the foundation of the |
Cathedral is given at the beginning and then the visitor is taken round the |
building, and the monuments and other objects of interest are pointed out :
to him and he is told as much about them as in the great majority of cases |
he wants to know, and what is more the information he receives is wholly
accurate and up-to-date. An excellent three pennyworth.
Dewponds, by M. K.S. Edwards. A short article in Country Lifes
May 29th, 1926, pp. 735—6, with five good photographs of Wiltshire Dew-
ponds, and some account of the process of making them.
Studies in the Corallian Lamellibranch Fauna of |
Oxford, Berks, and Wilts. By W. J. Arkell, F. “7 |
I. Limid@. extracted from Geological Mag., vol. \xiii., pp. 193—210.
May, 1926. ‘Three plates.
Geology and Paleontology have most unhappily gone out of fashion aa
late years, and Mr. Arkell is one of the all too few geological workers in |
Wiltshire. Moreover he has set himself an almost heart-breaking task. |
He begins his paper thus “A glance at the exhibited collections in any of |
our leading museums, such as the British Museum, the Geological Survey |
Museum, or the Oxford University Museum, shows that the naming and | |
identification of many of the Mesozoic fossils is in a very unsatisfactory | |
state. The private collector or the student who becomes thoroughly |
familiar with fauna of his own district and then goes to these museums to !
classify and identify it will usually come away with many misconceptions.
He finds moreover that the various museums contradict one another.
The student who finds cause for anxiety in the showcases of the museums |
will find chaos when he obtains access to the locked drawers underneath. |
The mass of raw material secreted in these drawers would provide many |
workers with a lifetime’s research.” Mr. Arkell has undertaken to straighten
out this tangle for a single genus. So far as the Wiltshire beds are con-|
cerned those of Highworth are most in evidence, though Seend, Westbrook, |
Tockenham, and Hilmarton are also mentioned. |
The Story of St. Boniface College, Warminster. |
A short history of the principal events in the life of the college from 1860, |
when it was opened, to the present day, is given in St. Bonzface College; |
at Home and Abroad. Michaelmas Term, 1925, pp. 3-4; Lent Te
1926, pp. 3—5; and Trinity Term, 1926, pp. 5—7.
Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles, 501
Ancient British Agriculture in the South and
West. By E. A. Rawlence. A paper read at the meeting of the Sur-
veyors’ Institution at Salisbury and partly printed in the Wiltshire Gazette,
July 8th, 1926. Mr. Rawlence for the Pre-Roman conditions in agriculture
depends chiefly on Dr. Clay’s discoveries at Fyfield Bavant and Swallow-
cliffe, and follows this up by a good description of the Common Field
system introduced by the Saxons, and of the great changes brought about
by the dearth of labour caused by the Black Death. He ends by dwelling
on the two great necessities of chalking or marling, and drainage, both now-
adays to a large extent unpractised. Of the former ‘‘ He remembered his
father telling him that in his early days gangs of gipsies used to go about
with teams of donkeys to whom large wicker panniers were attached with
flap-board bottoms. These gipsies would then sink shallow wells in the
céntre of a field to be chalked, fill the panniers, and then lead the donkey
out and drop the flap. Thus heaps of chalk would be deposited all over
field at intervals. ‘The sides of these wells gradually fell in and filled up
leaving a shallow hole which the plough could easily pass through.”
Wexcombe, Mr. A. J. Hosier’s Farm. Under the head-
ing “‘ Open-air Milk Farm. Wiltshire Farmer’s new system,” The T2mes,
July 26th, 1926, has an article describing the success of a novel system
under which Mr. Hosier has 500 cattle of which 180 are cows in milk on
1,000 acres of high down land. The cows are out summer and winter
and never come near the farm yard or the cowshed, not even coming
in to be milked, for the milking shed (on wheels) comes to them instead.
Wiltshire Barns. “ Concerning some Barns. Wiltshire examples.”
By Miss M. K. Swayne Edwards, a short article in Wiltshire Times, Aug.
21st, 1926, mentioning several Wiltshire barns, with two good illustrations
of Bradford-on-Avon and Tisbury Barns, and a poor one of what remains
of that at Wulfhall.
- Folk Song and Locality. Alfred Williams has a short article
in Wiltshire Times, August 26th, 1926, on the subject of Folk Song in Wilt-
shire and along the Upper Thames. He notices that at three separate
| points on the latter in 1914 he heard a version of “ Of all the Brave Birds,”
which was printed in the play “The Knight of the Burning Pestle,” in
1609, and in 1914 aged men of the Thames side were still singing songs
celebrating the campaign of Marlborough in the Netherlands, 1702—1704,
and others dealing with the American War of Independence, and the
| French wars at the end of the 18th century eg., “ Rodney so Bold,” recall-
_ ing the defeat of the French fleet off Sta Lucia in 1782.
|
Trowbridge. The Parish and its Poor. An interest-
ing article by W. G. Addison in Wiltshire Times, August 26th, 1926,
VOL, XLIII.—NO. CXLY. L 2
|
|
}
502 Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles.
describes the lengths to which overseers and other parish officials went in |
the later 18th and earlier 19th centuries to prove that paupers were |
* settled ’’ in other parishes rather than in their own. In 1832 in the dis- |
pute between ‘l'rowbridge and Road over the settlement of Thomas Higdon, |
Mr, Elijah Bush ran up a bill of £32, and that between North Bradley and —
Trowbridge in 1751 over the curious case of Joanna West cost £18 3s. Od. |
This complicated case is described at some length, as also is that of |
William Gunstone born in 1798 at Westbury, whose ‘settlement ” was |
disputed between that parish and Berkeley, in Somerset.
Some Villages of North Wilts. By J. Lee Osborn. |
Illustrated. Printed and Published by the Cirences- |
ter Newspaper Co. 1926. Cr. 8vo., pp. 4 + 83. Eight
illustrations: Great Somerford War Memorial, Jacobean House, and |
Church ; Bremhill Church, Garsden Manor House, Lydiard Millicent |
Church, Ashton Keynes Village and Cross, and Church. ‘The parishes
dealt with are Great and Little Somerford, Dauntsey, Brinkworth, Charl-
ton, Garsdon, Crudwell, Hankerton, Oakséy, Lydiard Tregoze, and Lydiard |
Millicent, Ashton Keynes and Somerford Keynes. All these articles are |
reprinted from the Wilts and Gloucestershire Standard and have already |
been noticed in the Magazine as they appeared. The Church in each case |
is the principal subject of each article, and the architecture is well described |
by Mr. Lee Osborn, who knows what he is talking about. It is well that |
these articles should be reprinted in this handy and useful form. |
Stowford, in Wingfield. By Sir Alfred Welby. An interest- |
ing article in Weltshire Gazette, Sept. 16th, 1926, tracing the descent from |
the Conquest, when it was granted to the Bishop of Coutances, of the |
Manor including a mill afterwards known as Stowford. This afterwards |
became the property of Keynsham Abbey, founded by Will, Earl of |
Gloucester, in 1170, In 1458 the Abbot granted a lease of a messuage |
called Stowford, two water mills there being under one roof. Thesetwo mills |
were later on altered into four fulling mills, which were leased in 1494 by |
Abbott John Graunt “to William Clevelode of Stowford, clotheman”; |
whose memorial brass is in possession of Mr. Herbert Clarke, lately of Trull |
House, Wingfield, whose father acquired it, probably at some so-called |
restoration of Wingfield Church ; it is 14din. long by 2in. broad inscribed |
in two lines ‘ Pray for the Soule of Thomas Cleflode on / whoys soule Jhu |
have mercy. Amen.” |
The notice of this brass is interesting, as no mention of it is made by Kitein |
his Brasses of Wiltshere, published in 1860, and it was obviously unknown /
to him. It seems a pity that it should not be restored to the Church to |
which it probably belonged. The descent of the property is traced through |
Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles. 503
Thomas Bailey, of Trowbridge, 1438, who married the daughter of
Will Clevelode, and his son Christopher, who also owned the advowson of
Wingfield, and married Maud, daughter of Thomas Horton, of Iford. His
heiress, Rebecca, married first Henry Longe, of Whaddon, whose son,
Walter, was created a Baronet in 1661. ‘he present owner is Sir Vincent
Caillard. A good photograph of the picturesque three-gabled house men-
tioned in the records as “The Messuage,” separate from the Mill House,
shows the Tudor front added about 1543 to the earlier house which con-
tains traceried windows of late 14th or 15th century date.
Letters to young -Fly-Fishers. By Sir George
Aston (“ George Southcote”). London: Philip Allan
& Co. [1926]. Cr. 8vo. pp. xiii + 154, Eight illustrations
from photographs of which the first six are of the River Avon at
Woodford, in the neighbourhood of Court House, where the book was
written, and the boy who figures in three of these is the author's son.
Much of the advice on Dry-Fly Fishing applies in the first place to the
Avon.
Devizes, ‘‘ La Rewe.’’ The now extinct name of a Devizes
suburb. By Ed. Kite. Wiltshire Gazette, Sept. 23rd, 1926. “La Rewe”
is mentioned in a deed of 1302, and “ La Reustrete, near Southbroom,” in
another of 1309, and land in “Southbroom and La Rewe™” is noted as
granted to the Bishop of Salisbury in an Inquisition of 1329. Mr. Kite
identifies “ Le. Rewe” with the suburb now known as Wick, in Latin
“Vicus,’ which name in many instances he says denotes Roman occupa-
tion. In support of this he notes that it is in the Southbroom and Wick
district that such Roman remains as have been found at Devizes, have
occurred, such as the pottery and other objects found at Pans Lane, now in
the Museum. He also notes that traces of a Roman villa have been
found at Wick, in J.acock, and that Heddington Wick has also produced
Roman objects. (He might have added Hannington Wick also). At
Southbroom, as mentioned in Philosophical Transactions, xxii., No. 268, p.
758, in 1699 was found a blue earthen vessel, 10in. high, containing several
hundred Roman coins, mostly copper. some of mixed metal, and others
washed with silver. What became of them is not recorded. Mr. Kite gives
an account of the 21 bronze figures of ‘* Penates ” dug up in a two-handled
Amphora in 1714, by a gardener named William Cadby on the site of an
old house on the Green, of which eight are now in the British Museum.
Trowbridge. ‘The Wilishire Times, Oct. 9th, 1926, contains a
note by James Rodway recalling the days of his youth in Trowbridge, in
which he mentions the rhyme current sixty years ago.
hela,
504 Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles.
Trowbridge steeple, long and leetle,
Dirty town and shabby people.
And the nicknames “ Trowbridge Knobs,” “ Bradford Gudgeons,’, ‘‘ Hilper-
ton Tie-downs,” and “ Bradley Donkeys.”
Some Wiltshire Place Names. A short article by Miss M.
K. Swayne Edwards in Wiltshire Temes, Sept. 4th, 1926.
A week-end on the Kennet. Country Life, June 19th, 1926.
A good article by Stephen Gwynn on Dry and Wet Fly-fishing at Saver-
nake from Durnsford Mill, comparing the Kennet with Irish rivers,
Guide to Malmesbury Abbey. Price Sixpence.
Malmesbury. [1925.]| J. Riddick. Pamphlet 8vo., pp. 8.
Compiled by C. E. P., with a plan and eight good process illustrations,
views of the Abbey Church from North, and N. East, the South Porch,
and Interior looking West, K. Athelstan’s Tomb, the Font, the Old Fire
Engine, and the Market Cross. The letterpress gives a good deal of in- |
formation, but might be amended on one or two points. ‘To call the font |
‘- Saxon ” is somewhat absurd, and to suggest as one possible use for the
so-called ‘‘ Watching Chamber” that the Abbot from this point of vantage
was able to keep an eye on his monks is not much better.
Old English Cottages. Vanishing relics. Some Wiltshire
examples. By Alfred Williams. The Wiltshire Times, May 22nd, 1926, hasan
interesting article advocating the restoration of old cottages rather than their
destruction. ‘lhe writer has especially in mind the old cottages built mostly
of chalk or sarsen between Clyffe Pypard and the Uffington White Horse.
Mr. Williams describes how the chalk (Lower Chalk) was quarried out in large
masses and piled in heaps which were covered or thatched to keep off the rain, |
and were then left for the winter to be “ weathered.” ‘The softer blocks were _
disintegrated by the frost but those that survived were fit for outside wall-
ing. For interior use no such test was necessary. Neither chalk nor
sarsen is used nowaday, the latter has the reputation of ‘‘ sweating” in the
wall, and sarsen houses are said to be cold and damp. This is true also of
walls of block chalk though Mr. Williams does not say so. He remarks on
the large size of the rooms both up and downstairs in many of the late 16th
and 17th century cottages as opposed to the much smaller and worse built
cottages of the 18th century, many of them built by squatters on the waste
beside the roads. “A curious rule was to the effect that if one desirous of
building a cottage could only manage to raise a hearth of stones and boil a
gammon of bacon upon it, no other person could deprive him of his right
to the place.” ‘There are good process illustrations Of a row of thatched
cottages in the street at Erlestoke now destroyed, two cottages at Bratton,
and two of the timber-framed houses of Keevil.
Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles. 505
Amesbury. Historic and Prehistoric. By John
Soul. Printed by the Salisbury Times Company, 1926. Pamphlet,
Sin. X 4%in., pp. 40. These notes are reprinted from the Salisbury Times
in which they appeared in nine instalments between July 16th and Sept.
17th, 1926. Prehistoric conditions and finds, the legendary and historical
beginnings of the Abbey, its charters, royal visitors, and dissolution, the
traces of the monastic buildings between the existing house and the
Church, which is throughout assumed to be that of the Monastery, and the
successive owners of the Abbey lands are touched on. ‘The value of the
notes consists chiefly in those dealing with post-suppression times and more
particularly in the still more modern events in the history of Amesbury.
The chief events in the lives of successive owners are mentioned; Edward
Duke of Somerset, his son Edward Baron Keauchamp and Earl of
Hertford, Sir Will. Seymour, 2nd son of Lord Beauchamp, who
after his first marriage to Lady Arabella Stuart and her death became
Marquis of Hertford, and by his second marriage with I rances
Devereaux joined the two estates of Amesbury Priors and Amesbury
Earls. In 1660 Lord John Seymour succeeded, dying in 1676. Lord
Thomas Bruce was the next owner, his son Charles selling the property to
Henry Boyle, afterwards Lord Carleton, after whom the avenue called
“ Lord’s Walk” is named. He also planted three avenues of limes in the
park, and dying in 1735 was succeeded by his nephew Charles, 3rd Duke of
(Queensberry, who married Lady Catherine Hyde, the patroness of the poet
Gay. ‘The additions and alterations to the house and grounds under the
3rd and 4th Dukes, are usefully gone into at considerable length. From
1794 to 1800 the mansion was occupied by the English Canonesses of St.
Augustine expelled from Louvain by the French, who on leaving Amesbury
went to Spettisbury, in Dorset. William Douglas, 4th Duke of Queens-
berry, dying 1810, was succeeded by Archibald James Edward, lst Baron
Douglas. In 1824 the estate was purchased by Sir Edmund Antrobus, 1st
Baronet, and on his death in 1826 it passed to his nephew, Sir Edmund,
2nd Baronet, who very largely rebuilt the house. Hedied 1871 and his son,
Sir Edmund, 3rd Baronet, succeeded, On his death in 1899 his son, Sir
Kdmund, 4th Baronet, succeeded. On hls death the present owner, Sir
Cosmo Gordon Antrobus, 5th Baronet, succeeded. ‘There are useful notes
on a number of field and other place names in the parish. The various
- owners of Stonehenge from 1620 downwards are mentioned. Notes indeed
on all sorts of matters seem to have been jotted down by the writer just as
they occurred to him, without any particular order or sequence, most of them
quite worth preserving but in the absence of an index somewhat difficult to
sort out.
Some Annals of the Borough of Devizes (Volume
II.). Being a series of extracts from the Corpora-
tion Records, 1791 to 1835. By B. Howard
Cunnington, F.S.A. Scot. Devizes. Geo. Simpson & Co. 1926.
Royal 8vo., cloth, pp. IV. + 292. Price to subscribers, 18/6.
506 Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles.
Capt. Cunnington in this volume carries on his extracts from the Cor-
poration records from 1790, where Vol. I. ended, to 1835, the date of the
passing of the Municipal Reform Act. Additional extracts from the earlier
records omitted in Vol. I. are also given. A good deal of space is occupied
with loyal addresses presented apparently on every available occasion. In.
1895 Mr. Baldwin’s plans for the new Town Hall were carried out at a cost
of £2156 15s. 6d., and a leaden case containing an engraved plate of brass,
etc., in a stone cheese-shaped box, was built into the bay of the building;
and when the bay threatened to collapse in 1922, the said stone box was
found and opened, and a fresh brass plate was added and the whole was
again built into the new foundations of the bay.
- In 1806 it was ordered that the Market Cross be pulled down. In 1807
the Kennet and Avon Canal was navigable from Pewsey to Devizes. ‘There
are continual notices of townsmen who having been elected Capital Bur-
gesses refused to serve as such and were duly fined £30. Indeed the
Corporation must have found these fines quite a considerable source of
income. In 1810 there was an incipient mutiny in the 2nd Wilts Local
Militia quartered in Devizes that caused the hasty calling out of
troops of yeomanry from all over the county, their colonel, Lord Bruce,
dashing in his barouche and four, in which he had travelled down from
London all night, to take the command. ‘The militia were so impressed
that they yielded without fighting, the ringleader got 200 lashes and the
matter ended. In the same year Mr. Hugh Lavington is ordered to sub-
stitute tiles or slates for thatch on his houses in Bridewell Street. In 1812
the Mayor's allowance was raised from £40 to £60; in 1823 to £80; and
in 1829 to £100 a year.
At the peace celebrations in 1814 every member of a benefit club who
walked in the procession received 1/- from the Corporation—the clubs were :—
The Independent, The Royal Oak, The King’s Arms, and The Hare and
Hounds. In 1814 Lord Sidmouth erected the}Market Cross, and the existing
inscriptions were placed on it at his suggestion. The accounts of Ruth Pierce’s —
death from the Inquisition on her,and from the Gloucester Journal of February
6th, 1753, are given. ‘The Gas Works were established in 1826. In 1829
the annual income of the Corporation was £282 and the expenditure £190.
There is a curious entry in 1830 for which Captain Cunnington can find no
explanation—“ Mr. Smithand Mr. Sylvester attended with crowns of laurel,
that ceremony observed in the swearing in of all other Burgesses, having
been omitted in their case, and it being considered an antient custom never
abolished,”
In 1831 the Corporation petitioned against the Reform Bill and protested
that no charge of bribery or corruption had ever been brought against them.
In 1833 an exhaustive report of the Municipal Charities is given.
Amongst the extracts supplementary to those given in Vol. I. from the
earlier records are many interesting items. Vagrant beggars are continually
ordered to be whipped and “ demitted” (sent away), women as well as men.
In 1551 Clement Shorte is put in the pillory for “ pykynge of a porsse,” and
in 1559 another offender had his ear nailed to the pillory “being taken a
cuttinge of a purse,”
Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles. 507
In 1596 a “ Hewe and Cry” was made for the apprehension of two per-
sons. ‘Two years earlier John Deane, sadler, was committed to ward for
ealling William Erwood, Bayliffe, ‘“Scut, Scabb, Coulebearer, and other
approbious words.”
In 1584 seven persons are fined 6d. each for “‘ losinge of Syvices on Whit-
sonday last past.”
In 1585 Richard Palmer, who had stolen 20 sheep skins was sentenced to
be “stripped down to the waste and then (on Thursday) to be whipped
rownd about the Market Place to the ensample of all other malefactors and
offenders.”
In 1593 Richard Truslowe, executor of John Truslowe, of Avebury, Gent.,
distributed in St. John’s Church £5, as part of a Jegacy left by him to the.
poor. In 1594 John Prittle, baker, of Seend, had six loaves confiscated and
distributed to the poor as being under weight.
Appendix C gives extracts from the Records of the Meetings of the
Devizes Improvement Trustees set up by the Act of 21 George III., 1780.
In the next year four night watchmen were appointed at 6d. a night, and
90 lamps for the streets and three watch boxes at a cost of £147 7s. 84d.
were provided at the expense of James Sutton, of New Park.
In 1788 the Clerke is ordered to give “public notice that all drivers of
carriages passing and repassing up and down the street called the Brittox
and all other streets within the Borough, be requested to incline to the left-
hand side of the said streets.”
In 1805 and 1806 some tons of “ Season Stones” (Sarsens) from Avebury
are bought for paving.
In 1824 elaborate arrangements are made in case of fire, and three years
later six fire hooks with other appliances are bought. Later still in 1893 a
new fire engine was bought.
Appendix D gives the various oaths of allegiance taken by the Mayor and
Justices. Appendix E gives extracts from the “ Devizes Borough Sessions
Book,’ 1790—1819.
Capt. Cunnington states that there were 48 public whippings in Devizes
between 1800 and 1836, nine of which occurred in 1803. During the first
half of the 19th century there were 118 public and 674 private whippings
in Wiltshire ordered by the Court of Quarter Sessions.
The prices of wheat between June, 1797, and July, 1800, are recorded in
one of the Corporation Books.
A list of the names of Innholders and their houses in 1819 is given.
A number of other appendices deal with the Watch Committee reports ;
Devizes Divisional Sessions; Proceedings in the Court of Record, 1754—
1813; Yearly Rents of the Borough ; Corporation Receipts and Expendi-
ture, 1785—1835 ; Wiltshire Fire Insurance Companies, 1784 to 1806. Mr.
Edward Kite’s report on the History of Royal Grants of Property to the
Corporation, especially the properties of Chantries, etc. : the Diary of
George Sloper, 1753—1810, which was printed in the Wiltshire Gazette ;
and a few other matters.
The volume ends with a summary of the results of the enquiries
made by Capt. Cunnington into the right of Devizes, and some other
508 Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles.
Boroughs to use the title of “ Royal Boroughs.” ‘This title seems to have
been officially applied to Devizes since 1910 on several occasions, but it is
clear that that Borough has no right to use the title nor have any other
Boroughs in England except Windsor and Kensington, both of which have
the express authority of the Sovereign to do so. There is a useful index to
the contents of the volume which is excellently printed and got up, and
Capt. Cunnington is to be congratulated on the completion of his arduous
labour of love.
Additions to Museum and Library. 509
ADDITIONS TO MUSEUM AND LIBRARY.
Museum.
Presented by Miss EH. Mann: Geological specimens collected by Rev. T.
Presented by
Mann.
SQUADRON-LEADER G, S. M. Insatu, V.C., M.C., and Capt.
Dawson: Two Drinking Cups found with interments
at Netheravon Flying School, 1926.
Rev. E. H. Gopparp: Three Aldbourne Horse Bells.
GENERAL G. Lu. PatMerR: A large collection of Wiltshire
Trade Tokens and the cabinet containing them.
Library.
Mr. A. D. Passmore: Sale Catalogue of contents of Hey-
tesbury House ; Photographs of objects found in
Wiltshire, &c. ; Pamphlets, ete.
THE AutHor. Mr, EK. H. Strong, F.S.A.: “ Notes on Stone-
henge,” and ** Concerning the Sarsens,” from ‘“* Man.”
Mr. Bast Hankey: ‘ The Wiltshire Rant,” 1650.
Bric.-Gen. W. G. THompson: Abstracts of two Wiltshire
Deeds, 1672, &c.
THe AutnHor, Miss M. C. Tuck, F.G.S. (of Clyffe Pypard),
“The Avonian between Wickwar and Chipping Sod-
bury, Glos,” 1926.
Mr. J. J. SLADE: 14 Wilts Estate Sale Catalogues, Cuttings
from papers, &c.
Mr. G. Cuivers: Facts and information, on which is
founded the Prospectus of the Great Western Iron
Ore, Smelting, and Coal Company (Seend Iron Ore,
&c.).
THe AutHor, Mrs. I’. EK. Lovisonp, F.R.M.S.: “ Colour
Tints by means of Lovibond’s Tintometer.”
Mrs. Buxton: Old Deeds and Documents connected with
Tockenham Manor.
Tur Autuor, Mr. W. J. ARKELL, F.G.S.: “ Studies in the
Lamellibranch Fauna of Oxford, Berks, and Wilts,”
1926.
THe AutHor, Canon J. M. J. Fiercurer: “A Century of
Dorset Documents,” 1926; and ‘‘A Trio of Dorchester
Worthies,” 1926; Wilts Pamphlets, &c.
510
Additions to Musewm and Library.
Presented by Rev. C. V. Gopparp : “ Tales of the Hall,” by Geo. Crabbe,
2 vols., 1819.
Mr. A. SHAw Metior: Pencil Sketch of Chippenham
Church from a distance, cer. 1840.
Mr. H. W. DartneEty: “ Fisherton Parochial Magazine,”
1883—1925.
THe AutHor, FIELD-MARSHAL LoRD METHUEN : ‘‘ Corsham
Court, 1903,” 8vo.
THe AutHor, Mr. H. BrakspPear: Presidential Address
to Bristol & Gloucestershire Arch. Soc., 1925 ; “ Bardney
Abbey,” reprinted from Arch. Journal.
THE AutHor, Mr. W. Hamiso F. MacHurspEAn: “ The
Great Law,” vol. I., 1924; and 3 Plans of Stonehenge,
&e.
Miss M. R. Awpry : “ The Life and Times of Will. Herbert,
Ist Earl of Pembroke, by the Rev. J. J. Daniell”;
* Legendary Tales in Verse and Prose, collected by
H. Fox Talbot, 1830.”
THE Epitor or The Wilts & Gloucestershire Standard:
“Some Villages of North Wilts,” by J. Lee Osborn,
1926.
Mr. CHARLES GILLMAN : 10 Wiltshire Pamphlets, Sermons,
&e.
Mrs. CunnincTON : All the original Drawings by Mr. Pugh
for ‘The Karly Iron Age Inhabited Site at All
Cannings Cross Farm,” 1923 ; and Plans of Casterley,
Lidbury, Knapp Hill, and Figsbury Camps, &c., and
proofs of the same reproduced.
THe AutHor, Mr. JoHN Sout: “Amesbury, Historic and
Prehistoric,” 1926.
THe AutuHor, Capt. B. H. CunnineTon, F.S.A. Scot., F.G.S.
“Some Annals of the Borough of Devizes, vol. II,
1791—1835,” 8vo., 1926.
THE PUBLISHERS, Messrs. ConstTABLeE: “ A Wiltshire Parson
and his Friends,” by G. Greever, 1926.
Mrs. J. L. Loviponp and Miss Baker: £10 towards the
cost of binding the MS. copies of Monumental Inscrip-
tions in Wilts, made by the late Mr. T. H. Baker and
others.
Cc. H. Woodward, Printer and Publisher, Exchange Buildings, Station Road, Devizes,
THE SOCIETY'S PUBLICATIONS (Continued).
STONEHENGE AND ITS BARROWS, by W. Long, Nos. 46-47 of the
Magazine in separate wrapper 7s. 6d. This still remains one of the best and
‘most reliable accounts of Stonehenge and its Karthworks.
WILTSHIRE—The TOPOGRAPHICAL COLLECTIONS OF JOHN
\UBREBY, F.R.S., A.D. 1659-1670. Corrected and enlarged by the Rev.
‘anon J. E. Jackson, M.A., F.S.A. 4to, Cloth, pp. 491, with 46 plates.
rice £2 10s.
WILTSHIRE INQUISITIONES POST MORTEM. CHARLES TI, 8vo,
‘p. vii. + 501. 1901. With full index. In 8 parts, as issued. Price 13s.
DITTO. IN THE REIGNS OF HEN. III, ED. I., and ED. II. 8vo,
_p. xv. 505. In parts as issued. Price 13s.
pITTO. THE REIGN OF ED. III. 8vo., pp. 402. In six parts
gissued. Price 13s.
A BIBLIOGRAPHY or tHe GREAT STONE MONUMENTS oF
_/ILTSHIRE, STONEHENGE, anp AVEBURY, with other references,
y Wz Jerome Harrison, F.G.S., pp. 169, with 4 illustrations. No. 89, Dec.,
“01 of the Magazine. Price 5s. 6d. Contains particulars as to 947 books!
- pers, &e., by 782 authors,
THE TROPENELL CARTULARY. An important work in 2 vols., 8vo,
». 927, containing a great number of deeds connected with property in many
iltshire Parishes of the 14th and 15th centuries. Only 150 copies were
; inted, of which a few are left. Price to members, £1 10s., and to non-
| ambers, £2.
‘Yiltshire Notes and Queries, Vols. 1 to 8, all that have
been published. Cloth: Simpson, Devizes. Also Vols. 1 and
2, in parts, unbound. Price £3 10s. [Apply to E. C. Sewell,
| Cirencester.]
|
\
Lal
BOOKBINDING.
Books carefully Bound to pattern.
| Wilts Archeological Magazine bound to match previous volumes,
Or in Special Green Cases.
We have several back numbers to make up sets.
CH. WOODWARD, Printer and Publisher,
_ Exchange Buildings, Station Road, Devizes.
North Wilts Museum and
LIBRARY AT DEVIZES.)
In answer to the appeal made in 1905 annual subscriptions: |
varying from £2 to 5s. to the amount of about £30 a year for this)
purpose have been given since then by about sixty Members of} |
the Society and the fund thus set on foot has enabled the
Committee to add much to the efficiency of the Library and |
Museum. |
It is very desirable that this fund should be raised to at least |
£50 a year in order that the General Fund of the Society may) |
be released to a large extent from the cost of the Museum and|
set free for the other purposes of the Society. "|
Subscriptions of 5s a year, or upwards, are asked for from all
Members, and should be sent either to Mr. D. Owgn, Bank Cham-|}
bers, Devizes, or Rev. E. H. GopparpD, Clyffe Vicarage, Swindon. | |
|
The Committee appeal to Members of the Society and others |
to secure any |
Objects of Antiquity,
AND
Natural History Specimens,
found in the County of Wilts and to forward them to she | dil
Hon, Curator, Capt. B. H. Cunnrneron, Devizes ; a ||
Whilst Old Deeds connected with Wiltshire families —
or places, Modern Pamphlets, Articles, Portraits, |
Illustrations from recent Magazines, or Papers i
bearing in any way on the County, and Sale i
Particulars of Wiltshire Properties, as well. ag
local Parish Magazines ir
C, H, WOODWARD, PRINTER, DEVIZES.
Soren at Pre 9
eet | SP
Me OXLVI: - JUNE, 1927. on, SCRMIUG
THE
SI LISHIRE
Archezeological & Natural History
MAGAZINE,
PUBLISHED UNDER THE DIRECTION OF THE
SOCIETY FORMED IN THAT COUNTY
A. D. 1853.
EDITED BY
REV. E. H. GODDARD, Clyffe Vicarage, Swindon.
[The authors of the papers printed in this ‘‘ Magazine” are alone responsible for all
statements made therein. |}
DEVIZES :
PRINTED FOR THE Society BY C. H. Woopwarp, |
EXxcHaNngE Burbpines, Station Roap.
Price Ss. Members, Gratis.
NOTICE TO MEMBERS.
TAKE NOTICE that a copious Index for the preceding eight
volumes of the Magazine will be found at the end of Vols.
Vlli., Xvi, xxiv. and xxxil, The subsequent Volumes are
each fully indexed separately.
The annual subscription is now raised to 15s. 6d., the entrance fee
for new Members remaining 10s. 6d. as before.
Members who have not paid their Subscriptions to the Society for
the current year, are requested to remit the same forthwith to —
the Financial Secretary, Mr. DAavID OWEN, Bank Chambers,
Devizes, to whom also all communications as to the supply
of Magazines should be addressed.
The Numbers of this AZagazine will be delivered gratis, as issued,
to Members who are not in arrear of their Annual Subserip-
tions, but in accordance with Byelaw No. 8 “ The Financial
Secretary shall give notice to Members in arrear, and the
Society’s publications will not be forwarded to Members whose
Subscriptions shall remain unpaid after such notice.”
All other communications to be addressed to the Honorary Secre-
tary: the Rev. E. H. Gopparp, Clyffe Vicarage, Swindon.
THE SOCIETY’S PUBLICATIONS.
To be obtained of Mr. D. OWEN, Bank Chambers, Devizes.
THE BRITISH AND ROMAN ANTIQUITIES OF THE NORTH
WILTSHIRE DOWNS, by the Rev. A. C. Smith, M.A. One Volume, Atlas
4to, 248 pp., 17 large Maps, and 110 Woodcuts, Extra Cloth. Price £2 Qs.
One copy offered to each Member of the Society at £1 11s. 6d.
THE FLOWERING PLANTS OF WILTSHIRE. One Volume, 8vo,
504 pp., with Map, Cloth. By-the Rev. T. A. Preston, M.A. Price to the
Public 16s.; but one copy offered to every Member of the Society at half-price.
CATALOGUE oF tut STOURHEAD COLLECTION or ANTIQUITIES
IN THE SOCIETY’S MUSEUM, with 175 Illustrations. Part I. Price 1s. 6d,
CATALOGUE or ANTIQUITIES 1n tHe SOCIETY’S MUSEUM.
Part II. 1911. Fully illustrated. Price Qs,
CATALOGUE or tue SOCIETY’S LIBRARY ar toe MUSEUM.
Price 1s. APPENDIX No. 1., II., and III., 3d. each.
CATALOGUE or DRAWINGS, PRINTS, anp Maps, 1n THE SOCIETY’S
LIBRARY at tHE MUSEUM. Price 1s. 6d.
CATALOGUE or WILTSHIRE TRADE TOKENS 1n tHe SOCIETY'S
COLLECTION. Price 6d.
BACK NUMBERS or tHe MAGAZINE. Price to the Public, 8s., 5s. 6d.,
and 3s. 6d. (except in the case of a few numbers, the price of which is raised).
Members are allowed a reduction of 25 per cent. from these prices.
WILTSHIRE
Archeeological & Natural History
MAGAAINKE.,
No. CXLVI. JUNE, 1927. VoL. XLIII.
Contents. PAGE.
CorsHamM: By Harold Brakspear, F.8.A.......scscccscscssee soevecees 511—539
SUPPLEMENTARY REPORT ON THE EARLY [RON AGE VILLAGE ON
SWALLOWCLIFFE Down: By R. C. C. Clay, F.S.A............. 540—547
THE BARROWS ON MARLEYCOMBE HILL, BOWERCHALKE (1926) :
Sane © roe Ota © laivin HH Se Alien. occsc, coceessnensncee desis dnsiasisnuecblenc 548—556
NN MORMON ITUPAUR Visecces Son cccccsiceosecas caesnedbenssniasecesseecesanerssee 557—559
WILTSHIRE Books, PAMPHLETS, AND ARTICLES........ ..-ceeeseeees . 660—571
ADDITIONS TO MUSEUM AND LIBRARY .....-c.csssecaceceoees coreecece 572—573
NGNDDNGROMNMO De NOIGL DD nace cceceosc.sicccsessetecesievelectasoisesanSinne sss one 574.— 640
ILLUSTRATIONS.
Corsham, Plates I.—X1I... 5 oii a HA Fie iia i Sinema ee Banna cnt ISO oy
Section of Pit No. 98, Swallowcliffe Down...............ccccesceeenees 54]
Pottery Vessels from Pits on Swallowcliffe Down.................. 542
Objects from Early Iron Age Pits, Swallowcliffe Down..... ...... 543
The Barrows on Marleycombe Hill, Bowerchalke................006+. 548
Barrows 1—6, Marleycombe Hill, Bowerchalke..................... 549—553
Urns from Barrows on Marleycombe Hill, Bowerchalke......... 554
Devizes :—C. H. Woopwarp, ExcHANGE BuILpINGs, STaTIon Roap.
THE
WILTSHIRE MAGAZINE,
‘MULTORUM MANIBUS GRANDE LEVATUR ONUS.”—Ovid.
No. CXLVI. JUNE, 1927. Vou. XILILL.
ns
CORSHAM.
By Haroutp BrakspPEAR, F.S.A,
The tract of land that now forms the parish of Corsham is practically
the southernmost end of the great oolitic range of the Cotswolds and its
height above the river valleys rendered the site suitable for human habita-
tion from the earliest times; though later cultivation has obliterated all
evidence of such inhabitants, except a tumulus just behind Hartham House,
In Roman days one of the great military roads, that from Bath to
Silchester, ran the whole length of this tract of land and afterwards formed
the southern boundary of the parish ; but, in spite of its proximity to Bath,
Corsham cannot boast of any other evidence of that race. In Saxon days
the road was disused and a ditch was thrown up along its course which
from then till now has borne the name of Wansditch or Wansdyke. ‘This
ditch was apparently made asa boundary between the kingdoms of Mercia
and Wessex.
It may be remembered that during the time of the heptarchy the Saxons
were always at war with their neighbours, but after the seven kingdoms
were united in the person of King Egbert they settled down into a quiet
and peaceable folk, who loved their homes and gained prosperity by the
cultivation of their lands. Tothem we owe, not only the name of Corsham.'
but most of our country institutions and customs ; they introduced what
was afterwards called the feudal system, whereby the king nominally owned
the whole country, having under him the great nobles and under them the
lesser owners ; all of whom held their lands by service to the overlord, and
he of the king: churches were built near the lord’s houses, and were richly
endowed ; manors werejformed and divided the one from the other ; so
! Corsham is said (Wilts Arch. Mag. xxi. 667) to have received its name
from a Celtic river name, but at Corsham there is no river and surely the
obvious derivation is the ton of Cossa or Corsa.
VOL. XLIII.—NO. CXLVI. M 2
512 Corsham.
many were grouped into hundreds and the hundreds into counties. The
boundaries then made were virtually the same as they remain to-day.
The manor of Corsham belonged directly to the king and in consequence
was known as ancient demesne ; it was apparently given by the Confessor
to his brother-in-law Tostig, the fourth son of Ear] Godwin, who, owing to
his murderous villainies was expelled the country and his lands reverted
to the king.!
The church of Corsham had been so liberally endowed that its possessions
formed a second manor, though apparently held as a member of the king’s
manor,
In 1066, when William of Normandy conquered Saxon England, Corsham
fell to his share as ancient demesne, and he gave the church manor to his
newly founded abbey of St. Stephen’s at Caen.?
In 1085 was compiled, for taxation purposes, that wonderful survey called
Domesday Book, wherein is recorded that
“The king holds Cosseham. Earl Tosti held it in the time of King
Edward. There are 34 hides, but it renders geld for 18 hides. The
landis 50 carucates. In demesne are 11 hides and there are 7 carucates
and 10 serfs. There are 65 villans and 48 coscets and 9 cottars with
38 carucates. “There are 2 mills worth 8/6, and 32 acres of meadow
and 1 hide of pasture and 2 miles of wood in length and breadth.
This manor with its appendages pays 30 pounds by weight. The
English, however, value it at 31 pounds by tale.
The abbey of St. Stephen of Caen holds the church of this manor
with 2 hides of land. The land is 5 carucates. This is held by 3
villans with 6 coscets. It is worth £7.
Edgar holds the church of Paveshou which adjoins the manor and
his father held it. It is worth 5 shillings.” 4
In the same record are no less than six distinct holdings under the name
of Hartham, part of which is now in the parish of Corsham.
The manor of Corsham was after granted on a term of years or lives to
first one person and then another, but in 1242 a more important grant was
made. In that year King Henry III. gave this manor inter alia to his —
brother Richard, Earl of Cornwall,° and to this Earl Corsham owes its
peculiar privileges.
The Earl granted the manor of Corsham to the customary tenants of the
manor, but the exact date is not known. The original grant is among
the manor deeds and bears an impression of the Earl’s seal, though slightly
damaged (Plate II.). It recites that
We Richard earl of Cornwall concede and by our present writing ©
confirm for us and our heirs to our customary tenants of our manor of |
Corsham the whole of our manor of Corsham with rents, demesne
lands, meadows, feedings and pastures to the same belonging, saving
1 Dugdale’s Baronage (1675) 1.4. ? Mon. Ang. (1846) vi. 1070.
3 In the Exon Domesday this is returned at 23 hides. _
4 Domesday Book for Wilts (1865), 11. ° Rot. Claus. 26 H. III. p. i, m. 8.
By Harold Brakspear. 513
to us the third part of Myntemede which the said customary tenants
mow, carry and garner at their expense, also our fish stews, parks,
warren and all pleas, perquisites and escheats that are due to usand our
heirs, to have and to hold to the said customary tenants and their
successors of us and our heirs for ever for the annual rent of 110 marks!
to be paid to the bailiff of our said manor in two terms of the year
namely in the octave of Easter 55imarks and in the octave of St
Michael 55 marks for all services and demands to us and our heirs
particularly excepting to us everything as aforementioned, and we
ordain that the said our customary tenants are for ever quit of tallage,
view of frankpledge and all other customs belonging to us and our
heirs. The said our customary tenants agree for themselves and
their successors that if they hold not to the same covenant according
to the present writing that all their tenements which they hold of us
shall revert without question to us and our heirs if by them it be
found that the said form of this writing be not held, also we wish
and concede that if the same our customary tenants of the said manor
of Corsham come to rebel against the form of this writing that our
bailiff, for the time being, shall have power to distrain them by land
and cattle for all the abovesaid according to the terms of this writing
fully observed. And to these things the testimony of this writing
we have fixed our seal. These to witness dom. Richard de Turry,
dom. Sampson de la Bokye, dom. Henry Crok, dom. Philip de Eya,
Walter Gilun, then bailiff, Martin of Hortham, dom. Gilbert prior
of Corsham, Richard de Cumberwell, Ralph then vicar of Corsham,
and others.
This writing was inspected and confirmed by letters patent on Ist July,
1332, by King Edward III.; on \2th February, 1446, by King Henry VI.;
on 24th May, 1511, by King Henry VIII.; on 8th November, 1550, by King
Edward VI.; and on 11th May, 1571, by Queen Elizabeth. The originals
of these inspections have been carefully preserved and retain the great seal
of England of the respective sovereigns.
The actual manor being disposed of to the tenants it remains to follow
the story of the 110 marks and the demesne lands reserved to the use of
the Earl.
These passed at his death (1272) to his son Edmund and on his death in
1300 reverted to the king as next heir, at which time an inquisition was
held at Corsham when the property was found to consist of a capital
_ messuage with two small gardens, worth 12d. a year; the third part of
_ Mintesmead which contains 14a. and was worth 2s. a year ; there was also
a fish stew worth 12d. ; a park called Estpark in which were six wild beasts,
1 The 110 marks was at this time or earlier assessed upon the ancient
holdings of the manor, and was regularly paid until after the grant of the
lordship of the manor to Paul Methuen in 1770. The lists of these lords’
rents remain for 1649, 1676, and 1763.
Dh Whe Ds
514 Corsham.
worth £4 10s.; also another park called Westpark in which were wild
beasts, worth 13s. 4d. ; and there were there two water mills worth 106s. 8d
by the year; also there were certain fairs on the feast of St. Bartholomew,
worth 40s.; and the pleas and perquisites of the courts of Corsham were
worth with fines, reliefs, and heriots £10.)
King Edward J. then gave the lordship, rent, and demesne lands to his
daughter Mary, who had become a nun of Fontevrault and was then in the
house of Ambresbury.2. The princess afterwards exchanged Corsham for the
manor of Swayneston, in the Isle of Wight? and the king then gave Corsham
to his favourite Peter de Gaveston,*‘ whom he had made Ear] of Cornwall,
as parcel of that earldom. Gaveston was beheaded in 1313, when Princess
Mary re-exchanged Swayneston for Corsham® which she held til] her death
in 1332 when it again reverted to the crown.
Again the property was farmed to various persons.
In 1346 the king (Edward III.) and the queen spent the summer between
Corsham and Marlborough.
In 1353 the lordship, rent, and lands of Corsham were granted to Princess
Tsabel for life and on her death in 1394 a number of grants were made out
of the rents of the manor to many of her personal attendants including her
physician.’
In 1408 Corsham was given to Queen Joan as part of her dower® and
from that time until the death of Henry VIII’s last queen it formed part
of the dower of the queens of England and in consequence is sometimes
known as Corsham Reginae.
Queen Klizabeth retained the lordship of the manor in her own hands for
some years, but in 1572 granted anter alza the two parks, fish ponds,
warrens, and advowson of the church, to her favourite, Sir Christopher
Hatton, in consideration of £4761.9
Shortly after Hatton became so impoverished that he was forced to selk
Corsham and other estates.
This sale resulted in the Corsham estate coming into the hands of Thomas.
Smyth, who was a Corsham man, and had made a huge fortune out of the
farm of the customs of the port of London. He gave his Corsham estate
to his third son Henry during his lifetime, and spent his remaining years in
Kent.
It would be confusing and merely a list of names and dates to follow the
descent of the various parcels of the manor for the next 150 years. ‘The
manor itself was in the hands of the tenants, the lands reserved by Earl
1 Wilts .P.M. for Ed. I. (1908) 263. 2 Rot. Pat. 30 EK. I. m. 14,
3 Rot. Pat. 1 E. 11. p. i,m. 10. . *: ot. Pat. 3 KE. Th. m3.
5 Rot. Pat. 8 E. il. pi, m. 27. °Rot. Pat, 27 BE. ITE penamae
’ Rot. Pat. 2 R. IT p.1 m. 28 *Hot. Pat. 9 H. IV. p. 2, m. 22,
9 Lett. Pat. 12. vij. 14 Kliz.
By Harold Brakspear. 515
Richard were in the hands of one set of grantees ; the yearly rent and per-
quisites of the court were leased to others, and the actual lordship was in
the hands of the crown but more often than not leased with the rent.
This went on till 1770, when the whole of the three parcels were reunited
in the hands of Paul Methuen, of Bradford. He bought the estate that
comprised the Kast park (the West park had already been alienated),! the
fish ponds and warren in 1745; and the yearly rent, the perquisites, and
actual lordship of the manor were granted to him by the king after an Act
of Parliament had been passed for that purpose.
From this period the lordship of the manor and the lands reserved by
the Earl of Cornwall, the annual rent, and the perquisites of the court,
have passed from father to son, and are now in the hands of the present
Lord Methuen.
CorsHamM Houss.
Though it is obvious that there must have been a dwelling place for the
grantees of the manor after the conquest, the first actual reference to a house
occurs in 1230 when, after the grant of the manor to Ralph son of Nicholas,
the king ordered him to have 25 oaks from the forest of Chippenham and
a like number from the forest of Melksham for his buildings at Corsham.?
A further grant of 20 oaks from these forests was made to him for his
Puest-house. i
In 1244, two years after the manor was given to Richard Earl of Cornwall,
he had a grant of 4 oaks from the forest of Melksham for the repair of his
barn at Corsham‘ and this was followed two years later by the grant of
20 oaks for the construction of his house.> As already stated it was
described as a capital messuage with two small gardens on the death of his
son in 1300.
The next reference to the house was in 1335, when the demesne lands
were farmed to William of Horwode, when the king ordered him to spend
£50 from the issues of the manor on the construction of a new.hall® and
this was followed by a second order to spend a further’£50 on the same hall.’
No further reference to the building has been met with until Leland’s
visit about 1541 when he records that at Corsham.
1 It passed with the demesne property until the death of Henry Smyth
in 1605, when it went to his son Thomas. In 1656 it was conveyed as “all
those enclosed grounds called the West Park and the lodge therein stand-
ing with the appurtenances containing 70 acres,” to John Danvers, of
Monks. It was sold by the Danvers to Arthur Eastinead, the owner of
Pockeridge, in 1674. The area can still be traced, and is bounded by stone
walls, the north-west side being against Park Lane, in Pickwick.
* Rot. Claus. 14 H. IIL. m.14. 3 Rot. Claus. 15 H. III. m. 18.
4 Rot. Claus, 28 H. III. m. 13. *Rot. Claus. 30 H. III. m. 1.
6 Rot. Claus. 8 E. III. m. 35. 7 Rot. Claus. 8 E. III. m. 12,
516 Corsham.
be ruines of an old maner place and thereby a park, wont to be yn
dowage to the Quenes of Englande. Mr. Baynton yn Quene Anne’s |
dayes pullid downe by licens a peace of this house sumwhat to help
his buildings at Bromeham. !
Twenty years later the house was in hopeless ruin and on 11th September,
1562, an inquisition was taken to enquire into its condition; when the
jurors found that
the manor house of the lady the queen is much ruined and that
nothing remains beyond the walls of a certain chapel, which chapel
was shorn of stone called the freestone by John Bonham Knight,
who died in the time of King Edward VI., late King of England, to
build the lodge of the same and that the same existed, one old house
Anglice an old gatehouse and one old stable to the same adjoining
on the west side and one small tenement to the same adjoining on
the east side and the caretaker of the same occupies it, and that the
land on which the manor house is situated contains by estimation
two acres.
When the property was obtained by Thomas Smythe he began to build a
new house, apparently to the north of the site of the old one, and this was
finished according to a date stone on the present building in 1582.
In 1602 Thomas Smythe’s son Henry sold the property to Sir Edward
Hungerford, of Rowden,’ and went to live in a smaller house called Southers=
wicks.4 At this time a survey of the estate was made when the house was
described as
A faire stronge howse, newly built with freestone, having a hall and
ij. parlers at each end thereof, wainscotted ; a greate chamber and
long gallery, verie faire ; and diverse other roomes, parte wainscotted ;
a faire new built gatehouse and stable with stone, glased and covered
with slatt with loftes over them ; ij. faire green courts with a high
wall about them coped with freestone ; a fountaine in the middest of
the garden ; and a still-howse and banketting house, with cisters and
condytes® to convey the water to every office in ye howse. Ail
which cost the buildyng £4000; and standeth in a parke which is
1 Leland’s Ltenerary (1746), 11.27. 2? In Parish Chest.
3 Abstract of title in possession of Lord Methuen.
4 Court Book, 26. 111. 3 Jac.
5 The water supply was obtained from a well to the north-west of the
house on land belonging to one William Adlam, he at the Court held 8, ix.
44 Eliz, surrendered a parcel of the meadow called Conduit Close upon which
the:conduit house was built for conveying water to the capital messuage
called the Place with free ingress, regress, and egress across the close from
and to the said house to repair the same and the water courses and conduit
pipes, to Sir Edward Hungerford, Kt.
|
Pe a th ee a
By Harold Brakspear. 517
enclosed about with a stone wall conteyning cxxviij. acres of verie good
meadowe and pasture.!
The gate-house was probably destroyed at the Rebellion and the stables
were rebuilt at the end of the seventeenth century, otherwise the house
itself does not seem to have been altered.?
After the property was bought by Paul Methuen, of Bradford, in 1746 he
intended to make considerable alterations to the house, but nothing was
done for some years.
The first alteration was the re-facing of the north front by a facade in the
Georgian manner, and apparently at the same time the whole of the main
part of the house was cleared out to form a vast hall with staircases at each
end and galleries along the side walls.?
In 1757 Sir Paul Methuen, the son of John Methuen, the ambassador,
died, leaving his cousin, Paul Methuen, of Corsham, heir to his estate and
collection of pictures, subject to the proviso that rooms suitable for their
reception should be provided.
Further alterations to the house were then made under the direction of
Lancelot Brown, and consisted of the addition of a wing on the east side
containing a picture gallery, and a corresponding wing on the west side to
balance the south front : the south ends of both wings were copied from the
earlier ones of Customer Smyth.
Paul Methuen died in 1795, and was succeeded by his son, Paul Cobb
Methuen.
Humphrey Repton, the famous landscape gardener, was called in to report
upon improvements to be made in the park, and incidentally says :—
The south front of Corsham is of the style called Queen Elizabeth’s
Gothic. The north front was Grecian architecture and consequently
at the time Mr. Brown altered the east front a question arose whether
this new building should accord with the north or south front. This
I think was very properly determined in favour of the former :
but Mr. Brown with great judgement copied the old character in the
ends of the new building because it was made a part of the original
front (Plate III. 1).
It is now proposed to add an entire new range of buildings to the
north side of Corsham and here a new question arises. What style
of architecture ought to be adopted, whether it ought to accord with
the original style of the south or with the east front which was
evidently built to agree with the north front now about to be
destroyed.*
_! Copy in the parish chest from the papers at Longleat.
? This is shown by drawings in the possession of Lord Methuendated 1756.
_ *The Georgian front was erected between 1748 and 1756, and was merely
a casing of the back wall of the hall as shown by the drawings last referred
_to. The hall is shown in this condition in the plan illustrating Corsham
House by John Britton, 1806.
| 4 Corsham Court, Lord Methuen (1924), 37.
|
|
518 Corsham.
These works were undertaken principally with the intention of assembling
the whole collection of Sir Paul’s pictures together.
The new front was designed by Joseph Nash in the gothic manner, and
consisted of
an eating-room, a saloon and a music room ; the eating room is 36ft. x
24ft. by 18ft. high ; the saloon isin the middle and is an octagon, 40ft.
in diameter and 24ft. high, commanding a beautiful view of the lawn
and water; the music-room is the easternmost and is 36ft. x 24ft. by
18ft. high, the ceiling is covered and enriched with a very large
guillochis, the openings of which are of plate glass and afford an upper
light which, in all cases, is the best for pictures; these three rooms
are en suite and communicate by means of the music-room with
the grand picture gallery, leading to the drawing-room, state bed-
room, and dressing-room.!
The present Lord Methuen writes :—‘ The comfortable old house was
converted into a mansion built apparently for show, domestic comfort being
entirely disregarded. ‘Thefinterior work was in a style both tawdry and
commonplace, and the material used was so indifferent that my grandfather
was forced in 1844 to completely reconstruct that portion of the house built
by Mr. Nash and build an entirely new north front, the architect being Mr.
Bellamy. The house was not only bitterly cold, but so damp that Mr,
Waagen (1835) . . . considered the pictures}would in a few years have
been ruined.” ?
The present house therefore consists of Customer Smythe’s house in the
middle and inner parts of the side wings; the east and west sides of
Lancelot Brown, the former remodelled by Nash, who added the octagonal
turrets ; and the north front by Bellamy, who also did away with the vast
hall, converting the ground floor into an entrance lobby and two rooms,
with bedrooms on the floor above.
THE MANor.
The manor of Corsham, which was given to the customary tenants by
Richard, Earl of Cornwall, included the whole of the parish, save Hartham,
the rectory manor, and the demesne lands, together with a tithing in
Stratton St. Margaret, near Swindon, and Pitters Farm, now in the‘parish of
Pewsham. It was divided into eight tithings, namely, Corsham or the
Town tithing, Pickwick, Woodlands, Meere, Gastard, Little tithing, Kaston,
and Stratton.
In addition to the privileges arising from the grant of Earl Richard, the
tenants also enjoyed the rights of tenants of ancient demesne. These im-
portant rights were acknowledged by the common laws and consisted chiefly
of the power of punishment by stocks and pillory, pit and gallows, exemp-
tion of tallage or military service due to the king, from exactions by knights
of the shire, and the exemption from serving on juries outside the manor.
This manor, like most others, had customs of its own, but unlike others
1 Corsham Court, Lord Methuen (1924), 39. ? Lbed., 40.
|
3
|
By Harold Brakspear. 519
these customs were in operation until last year (1925). The original customs
are contained in 27 articles and the earliest copy that is known is in the
Tropenell Cartulary of 1464.1! They were begun to be transcribed in the
court book of the second year of Queen Elizabeth, but were not completed.
They are, however, contained at length in the court book containing the
proceedings of the court held on the 3rd October, 1687.
The courts of the manor were :—
THE Court LEET WITH. VIEW OF FRANKPLEDGE was held once a year,
generally in October, and was presided over by the foreman of the jury, at
which the tythingmen were appointed, the jury of twelve was sworn, and
the constables and aletaster were selected. The court formerly tried all
offences in civil matters brought before it.
THe Court Baron was held at various times as necessary, at which the
customary tenants surrendered, and were admitted to their holdings, paid
quit rents, and all business relating to their tenure was conducted through
the homage. The steward of the lord presided and attended in the lord’s
interest. ;
THe THREE WEEKEN Court was held, as its name implies, every three
weeks, and formerly conducted the trial of all criminal and civil offences
within the liberty.
THE Coroner's Court is still held as occasion arises and is presided
over by the bailiff or coroner and there should be twelve jury men appointed
from twenty-four persons who are called. The proceedings of such a court
held on the 5th October. in the 36th year of the reign of Queen Elizabeth,
may be mentioned as they caused considerable interest at the time owing to
the position of the people implicated, and are thus recorded :—
Before William Snelling, coroner of our Lady the Queen within the
liberty of her town of Cossam, on view of the body of Henry Long,
Esq., there lying dead, on the oath of twelve men, presented that a
certain Henry Danvers, late of Cirencester, Kt., and others not
having the fear of God before their eyes, did on the 4th October,
between the hours of 11 and 12 of the same day, at Cossam, with
force of arms, viz., swords, &c., did assault the aforesaid Henry Long,
and the aforesaid Danvers voluntarily, feloniously, and of malice
prepense, did discharge in and upon the said Long, a certain engine
called a dagge, worth 6/8, charged with powder and bullet of lead,
which Danvers had in his right hand, and inflict a mortal wound
upon the upper part of the body of Long, under the left breast, of
which he instantly died, and that immediately after the felony they
all fled.?
It is elsewhere recorded that :—
The said wilful murder was executed upon Henry Long, gent, sitting
at his dinner in the company of Sir Walter Longe, Kt., his brother,
Anthony Mildmay, Thomas Snell,-Henry Smyth, Esquires, Justices
of her Majesty’s peace for the said county of Wilts; and divers
' Tropenell Cartulary (1908), i. 51. * Wilts. Arch. Mag. i. 320.
520 Corsham.
other gents, at one Chamberlayne’s house in Corsham, within the
same county, by Sir Charles and Sir Henry Danvers, knights, and
their followers to the number of seventeen or eighteen persons, in
most riotous manner appointed for that most foul fact, on Friday, 4th
October, 1594.”
Matters dealt! with at the other courts are interesting : for fighting with
weapons, if blood was drawn, the penalty was 9d. and the weapons were
~ confiscated ; ladies of unsound character were generally placed in the stocks
and for a second offence were publicly whipped ; other ladies who were too
fond of using their tongue were placed in the cucking-stool and conveyed —
for immersion in the nearest pond, that at the top of Monks Lane being
onezof the usual places}; drunkards were put in the stocks, sometimes for
six hours; and for breaking down fences the culprits were whipped. On
one occasion an inhabitant erected a cottage on less than }-acre of ground,
contrary to the orders of the Court Leet, and he had promptly to pull it
down again. No one was allowed to water horses or other cattle at any of
the public wells in the parish. At one time it was ordered that no cottager
was to make two fires at once in his house under a penalty of 40/-.?
The bailiff and tenants sometimes had trouble in maintaining their rights.
In 1665 the exemption of tenants from sitting on juries outside the
manor came before the high courts. One William Snelling, of Pickwick,
had been summoned to attend on the jury of the assizes held at Warmin-
ster in that year, he refused to appear and was fined accordingly. It was
shown that he held his lands, and none other in the county, of the manor
of Corsham, and according to the custom of that manor should not have
been summoned to the assizes, whereupon that being proved he was dis-
missed from the court and his fine returned.?
There was a great dispute in 1692, when Dame Dorothy Long held the
lease of the lordship of the manor.
The bailiff, as he and his predecessors had always done, mowed the third
part of Minty Mead, carried the hay and housed it for the lord, according
to the grant of the Earl of Cornwall, and he incidentally made something
out of the transaction, as he was perfectly entitled to do. Also it belonged
to his office to keep the fairs and receive the the profits, for which he and
his predecessors paid the crown or the lord 20/- yearly.
The lady, wishing to claim what she considered her rights, insisted on
the bailiff rendering an account of his profits for the mowing of Minty
Mead and of the fairs, or she would appoint someone else. This demand,
as it had not been the custom, he refused. The year following, the lady
caused her servants to mow the mead, when, after they had finished and gone
home, the bailiff entered the mead and carried off the hay, and as no one was
there claimed that it was done in a peaceable manner. The matter was re-
ferred to counsel, who gave it as his opinion that the entry by the lady was
—— —
1 Wilts Arch. Mag.i. 811. * Court Books for Eliz. and Jac. I.
3 Lett. pat. 28. xi. 20 C. II.
By Harold Brakspear. 521
unlawful, and that the removal by the bailiff was lawful, but that she can-
not displace the bailiff ; and if there is any further trouble he is advised not
to go to club law.}
THe MARKET.
In 1285, Edmund, the son of Richard, Earl of Cornwall, procured
from the king the privilege for the tenants of the manor of holding
a weekly market on Friday,’ but this was altered in 1302 to Thursday, by the
request of Princess Mary.®
On the establishment of a market, if not before, a cross would be erected,
and this stood in the open space at the west end of Church Street, which
was apparently larger than it is now and included the area of the market
hall, if not also that of the building between it and Prior’s Lane.
The repair of this cross is mentioned more than once in the records of
the courts, and in 1615 Johane Rolphe, widow, left in her will 40/- towards
building a covering over the market cross for the benefit of the market.*
The shambles consisted of a pentise on the north side of the church house
and the rents were received by the churchwardens for standing in the
pentise.°
The market cross was standing until 1776, when in the night time came
John Dalmer and John Evans with others and pulled down the cross with
violence and so damaged the materials that it could not be replaced. In
consequence of which the feoffees, who had constantly repaired the cross,
called a meeting of the parish to be held in the church, when it was decided
that the steward of the manor should demand of Dalmer and Evans the
sum of £30, as a satisfaction for the damage perpetrated by them, and ex-
pend that sum on the erection of some other building on or near the site of
the cross for the same purpose.®
In 1783 a new market hall was erected at the expense of Paul Methuen
and was a spacious building having five open arches towards the street,
with a pediment over the middle bearing the Methuen arms (Plate ITI. 2).
In 1815 it was suggested and approved by the vestry that the open arches
be closed up and the interior fitted as a Sunday school: an indignation
meeting was then held at which it was resolved that,
The market house be not inclosed, forasmuch as it would not only be
greatly detrimental to the interest of the parish, but illegal as every
person is undoubtedly entitled to the use of the said market house
for exposing his commodities and wares to public sale, under the
1 Copy of opinion by Sergeant Darnel in possession of Mr. W. H. Barrett.
2 Rot. Cart. 13 E.I. m. 32. * Rot. Cart. 30 E.I. m. 31.
4 Corsham Wills, 1615. °® Churchwardens’ Accounts, 1624—1652.
® Contemporary statement of the case in possession of Mr, W. H. Barrett.
522 Corsham.
charter granted in the thirteenth year of King Edward I. for a weekly
market on Wednesday.!
The market gradually fell into disuse and the alte was only occupied by
a few permanent stalls. In 1882 the building was raised a story to form
the present town-hall; but the old arches, though filled in, were left
standing and the old cornice, pediment and coat of arms were re-fixed at a
higher level.
The southernmost arch of the market contained the blind-house or lock-up
and its little window of two lights still remains in the south wall. The
stocks stood immediately outside? and disappeared apparently when the
new hall was erected.
FAIRS
Fairs were formerly held on the 8th March and the 11th September and as
no licence for their institution has been met with they were probably of very
early origin.
The autumn fair is mentioned in the inquisition taken after the death of
Kar] Edmund in 1300, as certain fairs in the feast of St. Bartholomew and
they are worth (to the lord) 40s. St. Bartholomew’s day is the 24th August
and after the change of the kalendar in 1751 the fair continued to be held
on old St. Bartholomew’s day, eleven days after the new reckoning. The
village revel was usually held on the day of the patron saint of the church,
so this autumn fair was the successor of the revel of earlier days.
This fair was done away with in the last century, and in consequence of
the March fair becoming little more than a circus it was abolished about
1895.
THe Rectory MANoR.
As already stated there is in’ Corsham a second manor known as the
rectory manor, which embraces the two hides of land which were returned
at Domesday as belonging to St. Stephen’s abbey, at Caen ; but subsequently
given by King Henry I. to the abbey of Marmoutier by Tours.’
This manor was valued at 40 marks and as it belonged to an alien house
in France it was liable to be seized by the king when at war with that
country. During these times the property was put out at farm and the
king should have received the rent. In consequence of none being received
for some years there was a law suit in 1344—45 between the king and the
prior of Tickford, in Buckinghamshire, who claimed the church of Corsham
as part of his priory; but as the prior only paid 50 marks for the farm of
his priory it was obvious that the claim could not be established.t| The
1 Vestry Minute Book I. The charter of 183 E. I., says the market was
to be on Friday and this was altered to Thursday, but when it was again
altered to Wednesday is not known.
2 These are shown in an old print (Plate III. 2).
3 Rot. Pat. 10 E. III. p. 2, m. 30., Inspeximus.
4 Rot. Claus. 19 E. III. p. 1, m. 17 d.
By Harold Brakspear, 523
result was that the prior should be allowed to hold the church of Corsham
if he paid up the arrears and 40 marks for it yearly in future.!
In 1408 the rectory manor, during the war with France, as well as the
king’s manor, were given in dower to Queen Joan.?
In the second year of the reign of king Henry V. all alien ee
were given into the king’s hand by act of parliament*: but as the rectory
manor was of the dower of the queen it could not be elmned by the crown
until after her death. However the reversion was given by the king to his
newly founded abbey of St. Saviour and St. Bridget of Syon, in Middlesex‘:
but in spite of this, king Henry VI. granted the church to his newly
founded college of St. Nicholas, in Cambridge,® though Syon had actually
come into possession on the death of the queen in 1437.6 After considerable
dispute the college relinquished all claim to the property,’ which remained
in the hands of Syon till the suppression of that monastery in 1538, when
the rectory manor again reverted to the king.
:
|
In 1572 the queen separated the advowson of the living from the Rectory
and gave it to Sir Christopher Hatton,® after which it passed with the
demesne property until it came into the hands of Paul Methuen, in 1745,
and has since remained in the hands of his successors.
The rectory had a different story : at the suppression it remained in the
hands of Richard Bellott, the farmer of the manor under the abbess of Syon,
who held it in lease for a term of years and left house-room in the manor-
house or parsonage for his wife, Alice, “ during the terme of the lease
thereof.” 9
A fresh lease was made by the queen with Bellott’s son-in-law, John
Smyth,who died about 1570. It is next found included in the property of
Henry Smyth, nephew of John, and was then stated to be held “of her
Majestie by lease of one life, who is now about 38 years of age, and 50 years
in reversion after that life at the yearly rent of £26 13s. 4d.” ™
Though the term of this lease had not expired, it was granted in 1608 to
two men who were, presumably, mortgagees for the Smith family,” and it
actually came into the hands of Thomas Smith, the son of Henry, in 1626,
_ It was divided on the death of Richard, the grandson of Thomas, in 1685,
_ between his two sisters, Letitia and Dorothy.
These two ladies, though both married, left no issue, and demised their
shares to their half-brother, George Downes ; after whose death, in. 1738,
1 Rot. Claus. 19 E. III. p.1,m.6. ? Rot. Pat. 9 H. IV. p. 2, m. 15,
| 3 Mon. Ang. VI. 986. 4 Rot. Cart. 2H. V. p. 2, m. 28.
5 Rot. Pat. 20 H. VI. p.4,m.3. ° Rot. Pat. 16 H. VI. p. 2, m. 14,
7 Rot. Claus. 1 E. lV. and Rot. Pat. 1. E. IV. p. 5, m. 14.
5 Lett. pat. 12. vij. 14 Eliz. ° Corsham Wills, 1558. ' P.C.C. Syon, 36,
1 Survey of Henry Smyth’s Lands, v.p. 516, ante.
2 Lett. pat. 8. xj. 1608, to Francis Phelipps and Richard Moore.
524 Corsham.
the Rectory manor was sold to Robert Neale, of Corsham.' It remained
in the Neale family until 1857, when it was again sold. and was bought by
Mr., afterwards Sir, Gabriel Goldney, and is now in the possession of Mrs.
Harold Robinson.
The rectory manor had a bailiff of its own whose office was to take sur-
renders of the tenants of that manor and perform all other offices that
belonged to a court baron and nothing else. ‘The customs of the rectory
tenants were the same as those of the king’s manor, and they owed their
suit and service at the king’s court, and were eligible for all the offices of
‘that manor.? In the rectory manor were twelve yards land. :
In connection with the rectory manor was a house known as the parson-
age, which was of considerable size, and was equally divided to form
separate residences for the co-heiresses of Richard Smith in 1701.3 This
house was sold by Robert Neale in 1776 to one Henry Pullen or Pulleine,
of Bath, who immediately pulled down the old house and erected the present
house, called “ the Priory,” in its stead. This was bought by the second ~
Lord Methuen in 1851.
In consequence of the church of Corsham being given toa foreign abbey,
it has been stated by even such authorities as Tanner and Dugdale that
there was one, if not two, alien priories at Corsham. There were certainly
men of Marmoutiers here in 1244,° and the leader called himself prior of
Corsham,® but it was in no sense a regular priory or cell. After the alien
possessions were taken into the king’s hand in 1294 there were not even
men of Marmoutier at Corsham.
The statement that there was a nunnery on the site of the Methuen Arms
has even less foundation in fact, and may be dismissed as pure imagination.
THe CHURCH.
Had there been no mention of a church in Domesday Book the building
itself clearly shows that there was a Saxon church on this site, by the
narrowness of the nave, the thinness of the walls, and the fact that the walls of
the tower, before it was destroyed, were no thicker than those of the nave.
In Norman days aisles were added to the nave, and the church was
lengthened westward by the addition of another bay. At the end of the
twelfth century a new chancel seems to have been built, larger transepts
were erected, and the second stage of the tower was either added or re-built.
In the thirteenth century the special veneration of our Lady became
general, and even the smallest churches had new chapels erected in her
1 Abstract of title of Rectory Manor, in possession of the lay rector.
? Document in possession of Mr. W. H. Barrett.
3 Abstract of title of Rectory Manor and in possession of the lay rector.
4 Title deeds of “ the Priory ” in possession of the Lord Methuen.
5 Rot. Pat. 21. H. IIL. m. 9.
6 Grant of manor by Richard, Earl of Cornwall, v.p. 512, ante.
By Harold Brakspear. 529
honour. At Corsham such a chapel was built at this time on the north
side of the chancel, and a little window that was originally in its west
gable, still shows at the end of the north aisle.
In the early years of the fourteenth century a large north aisle was added,
in place of the narrow Norman one, and this was extended eastward to in-
clude the site of the north transept. ‘The old Norman north doorway was
re-set in the new wall. The windows of this aisle are so like the clerestory
windows in the abbey church of Malmesbury that they must have been
wrought by the same masons. Quite at the end of the century the south
‘aisle was re-built and the tower was raised another story.
In the fifteenth century there were no fewer than five different sections
of building operations. ‘The first was the insertion of the present window
in the west gable with the curious little turret to the south. ‘The second
was the Lady chapel (Plate V. 1), re-built by Thomas 'Tropenell, of Chalfield
and Neston. He erected a magnificent altar tomb (Plate V. 2) therein dur-
ing his lifetime to receive the remains of himself and his wife; he endowed
the chapel with a charge of ten marks on his estate, two oxen, and two
cows, to maintain a priest to celebrate therein as long as the bones of him-
self and Margaret his wife should rest there; also he left for the chapel
three suits of vestments, a silver gilt pax, two silver candlesticks,
a silver chalice, two sets of silk altar cloths, a missal bound in red
leather, and a breviary.* The third work was the lengthening of the
chancel one bay to the east. The fourth work was the building of a large
chapel, on the south side of the chancel, embracing the area of the
south transept; and the fifth work was the erection of the present
south porch in place of an older one.
When these works were completed the church consisted of a Lady
chapel, a south chapel including the area of the south transept, a central
tower and spire, a nave with aisles, of which that on the north included
the area of the north transept, and a south porch (Plate LV. 1 and 2).
In 1631° Dame Margaret Hungerford, the founder of the almshouses,
_ added a gallery in the south aisle, to light which two dormers were inserted
in the roof anda staircase of access embellished with the arms of her family,
was added on the east side of the porch.
In 1810 thesteeple was pronounced to be ina most dangerous and dilapid-
| ated state and the upper part was taken down.
| In 1813 a committee was appointed to consider the best means of repair-
_ ing and improving the church and reported that as the necessary repairs
| could not be done for less than £2,500 they recommended the acceptance of
| an offer made by Mr. Methuen to erect a new church.
Two years later the remains of the spire were taken down, buttresses
were erected to the north wall, a gallery was put in the north aisle, and
—
'These charges were willed 19th December, 1514, by Ann, the widow of
_ Christopher Tropenell, the son of Thomas, to be maintained by her executors.
(P.C.C. Holder, 36).
2P.CC., Milles, 7. * Date on the staircase.
526 Corsham.
one of the columns on either side of the church was removed, throwing
two arches into one, to obtain a better view from the galleries.
In 1848 it was stated that the accommodation in the present church was
insufficient for the parish and that suitable accommodation could only be
obtained by the erection of a new church. Fortunately it was found im-
practicable to raise the necessary funds “ seeing that the fabric of the
ancient parish church is not ruinous or sufficiently unsound ”; after which
it was proposed to remove the central tower and do other works. The
removal of the central tower was then abandoned and considerable oppo-
‘sition was made to the re-seating and removal of a gallery but this was
overcome by a visit from the chancellor who granted a faculty in 1851 for
re-seating the church and removal of the gallery over the pulpit.?
In 1874 the church underwent the process called restoration ; it was no
doubt sadly in need of repair and the whole building was filled with
galleries, some of them very unsightly; but in addition to doing what was
necessary, the central tower, which had been threatened before, was taken
down and a new one was erected on the south side of the church, and ie
Methuen pew was built on the north side.
THe ConsIsTORY. At the east end of the south chapel is a small room of
the same date as the chapel itself, now used as a vestry, and over it isagallery —
with a richly decorated front, approached by a circular stair. This was where
the consistory court of the vicar was held. A consistory, or peculiar, was a
privilege conferred on very few places, and nothing is known of the origin
of this at Corsham, but it was under the concurrent jurisdiction of the
bishop of Salisbury and the archdeacon of Wilts.2 The advantages of
possessing a peculiar were, the exemption from visitation and consequent
fees for the archdeacon, the power of testamentary and sometimes of
matrimonial jurisdiction ; so that the vicar was virtually a bishop in his
own parish.
Peculiars were abolished in 1857, and at that time there was a book of
wills at Corsham, dating from 1712, which was sent to Salisbury, and is
now at Somerset House with the other wills from Salisbury. In connection
with the peculiar the vicar of Corsham possessed a seal, and that last used
was Oval in shape with the device of three budding trees in the middle and
a legend round the edge of ANTIQUA ECCLESIA DE CoRSHAM; it was
apparently made for Latimer Crosse, who was vicar from 1713—19.3
Recisters. ‘The registers of births,-marriages, and deaths, have been
regularly kept since 1563, and are contained in 15 volumes, up to 1851. In
one is a register of pews, beginning in 1710, from which it appears that
the pews were bought and sold, madeand repaired, as copyhold property,
with the consent of the vicar and churchwardens who always gee the
sale.
1 Vestry Minute Books of the various dates.
2 Arch. Journal, lvj. 115.
3 There was an older seal of somewhat similar character, but only
imperfect impressions have been met with, which was used by Humphrey
Paget (1587—1638), and as the earliest extant will proved in this court is
dated 27. ix. 1462 there must have been still earlier seals.
bPuatE I.—Map of Corsham showing Tithings.
Puate II.
FOriginal Grant by Richard, Earl of Cornwall.
Prats III. } goss |
(1).—Corsham Court. South Front.
(2).—Old Market House, Corsham.
PLATE LV. (1)
(1)—Corsham Church. S. side before 1874.
‘FLEL S10Jaq IOWOJUT “yqonyO weysiog—(z)
a
Ss
(Z) “AT FLV 1q |
PEATE VV.
(1).—Corsham Church. Screen in front of Lady Chapel.
(2).—Corsham Church. ‘Thomas Tropenell’s Monument.
Pruate VI.
Sic:
oo
(2).—Corsham, The Hungerford Almshouses.
EFLATE ViIl
SEES
Winter’
rs Court
, Corshan
A
(Buckler Collecti
ion, Devi
izes Mus
eum,)
Prats VIII. \ ices
(2),—Pickwick Farm, Corsham,
S| =}
fas) (> n
lm cs
rr) n
a ra
© (o)
be Se) ()
& = tof)
(0)
< 3 ss
@
Ay ce S
ram os
: a
= nN
woe)
“
PLatE X,
(1).—Easton Farm, Corsham.
(2).—Jaggards, Corsham.
Get ES
(2).—Gastard Court, Corsham.
By Harold Brakspear. 527
CHAINED Books. There are still two chained books belonging to the
church, which were ordered by the archbishop in 1602 to be set up in
churches ; they are both bound alike in stamped leather and still retain their
original chains whereby they were fixed to desks for the laity to read. One
is Bishop Jewell’s works published in 1611, and the other is the third
volume of Foxe’s Book of Martyrs, of the edition of 1631—32.
CHuurcH CHEst. Thechurch chest of the seventeenth century has recently
been replaced in the church ; it is made of oak planks, some of which are
Ain, thick, and bound together with iron straps. It had three locks, one of
the keys of which was kept by the vicar and the others by the churchwardens ;
one lock has been cut out which shows that the key was lost on some
occasion when it was urgent to open the chest.
CuurcnH Puate. ‘There isanumber of pieces of church plate but none is
very ancient, and the only piece of any archeological interest is a silver
paten, 83in, in diameter, of the date 1719, given by the vicar, Latimer
Crosse.
Tue Betts. The earliest reference to the bells is in an inventory of
church goods made in the first year of King Edward VI. when there were
five.
The 4th bell was re-cast at Potterne in 1608 and the casting was witnessed
by the churchwardens.
The tenor bell was re-cast in 1611 and the rest were apparently re-hung
on a new frame. The bellhanger and Thomas Moxham, the smith, were
each paid 44s., from which it is not unreasonable to suppose that this bell
was re-cast at Corsham by Moxham.
In 1752 the six bells were out of repair and a contract was entered into
with James Burrows, of Devizes, to re-cast them but this was so badly
done that they had to be again re-cast. A fresh contract was made with
Thomas Bilbee, of Chewstoke, for £50, the bells having to be delivered to
him and brought back again by the churchwardens:'
The 6th, 4th, 3rd, and Ist of this ring still remain. The 5th bell was
re-cast by James Wells, of Aldbourne, in 1820 and it and the 2nd bell were
re-cast again in 1902.
THe VESTRY.
In former days the vestry was an important institution in a parish, every
parishioner had a right to attend the meetings : it was presided over by the
vicar, the churchwardens were his executive, and there was a clerk to keep
the records. ‘he existing minute books at Corsham do not begin until
1794, but even these show the importance of the matters that had to be
dealt with ; which, in addition to those connected with the church, were
virtually what the district council and board of guardians now have to
transact.
The meetings began in the vestry of the church and were usually ad-
journed to the “ Pack Horse” inn, which seems formerly to have been the
" Churchwardens’ accounts for the respective years,
VOL, XLIII.—NO. CXLVI. N 2
528 Corsham.
church house,! wherein the church ales and other parochial meetings were
wont to be held.
All the roads in the parish, not governed by the turnpike trusts, were in
the charge of the vestry, who appointed a surveyor to look after them, and
in 1831 a foreman was appointed at a wage of 10s. a week, the labourers
with children received 7s. a week, and single men 5s.
There was a public fire engine as early as 1810 when it was ordered to be
taken out and used at least once in three months.
The whole charge of the poor was in the hands of the vestry, as was also
the poor house. The vestry had the power to levy rates for the relief of |
the poor, the maintenance of the highways and for the upkeep of the
church.
It isnot known when the paupers were first housed in a poor-house ; but in
1728? a new poor-house or workhouse was provided at a cost of over £400
by converting four cottages on the east side of the High Street to that
purpose. This house was used until 1836 when “it appeared expedient
that a new workhouse for the Chippenham Union should be built in a airy
situation in preference to purchasing those at Corsham and Lacock” and
the old poorhouse was then transformed back again into cottages.?
The price of bread was apparently fixed by the vestry, and this varied
from 8% to 74 lbs. for a shilling, but in 1795 owing to the scarcity of wheat
it was admissible to admix one third part of barley.
The care of the poor was farmed out to a contractor but this abuse was
done away with about 1798. The poor-house children when old enough
were put out toa trade. In 1799 it was resolved that the poor in the poor-
house shall be employed in spinning and weaving, and the year following
a master and mistress of the poor-house were appointed at £12 a year, and
were to receive 2d. out of every shilling of the earnings Of the inmates.
In 1832 a sum of £200 was ordered to be borrowed for helping paupers
to emigrate and 16 men, 10 women, and 27 children were selected for |
assistance. They were conveyed to Bristol in two covered waggons where
someone was appointed to meet them, purchase any small things they
required, and see them safely on board their ship.*
1 The Pack Horse, now adjoining the Town Hall, is in the rectory manor.
The church house was near the market cross (Ch. wdns. ace. 1638) and 8d.
a year was paid to the king’s manor in connexion with the church house for
new rent which was obviously for the encroachment of the pentise, already
referred to, on the lord’s waste.
2 Rectory court book of that date.
* These stand at right angles to the street on the south side of the “ Royal
Oak” hotel and still retain an ornamental gable that was put up when they
were made into the poor-house (Plate VI. 1.). They are the successors of @
house belonging to 13 virgates of land in the rectory manor and were parcel
of the original endowment of the feoffee charity.
4 Vestry minute books of the respective dates.
By Harold Brakspear. 529
CHARITIES.
Considering the former prosperity of Corsham there are very few charities
in connection with the church ; but there are some, and one is an important
one.
Frorrer. This latter is known as the Feoffee charity or our Lady’s
lands. The origin of the endowment is not known, but in the survey of
chantries in 1549 it is recited that it consisted of
Landis gyven by ffeoffmente to the ffynding of a preeste within the
parishe churche of Cosseham for ever, that William Lewys of the
age of Ix yeres stypendarye.
The rents of the tenauntis . . . yerely to be paid iiij". xx*, where-
of reprized for an yerely rent goynge out of the premisses to the
quenes manor of Cosseham vij.* viij4 and so remaynyth clere, lxxiilj*.
j*.
Memorandum, the said Incumbent is a verey honest man, albeit not
able to serve a cure by reason of his age, and furthermore a verey
poore man and hath none other lyvinge be syde the said chauntrie.
Also the sayd parisshe of Cosseham is a great parisshe wherein be
Dlxvij people wnich receyve the blessed Communion and no preeste
beside the vicar to help in administracon of the sacramentis savinge
the said stypendary preeste ; which landes were gyven for that intente
bicause the vicarage is so small a lyvinge that he is not able to hyre
a preeste to help hym.'
In consequence of the peculiar manner in which the endowment was held
it could not be claimed by the crown as that of an ordinary chantry and in
consequence &@ commission was appointed, when it was found that the
lands were copyhold of the two manors and that the revenue was spent
“to suche uses and intentes as they thought most convenyent for the
welth of the said parisshe and not to the fynding of any priest.”
It was therefore ordered that
‘shis mailesties hand shalbe removed from the possession of the
said messuages, landes, tenementes, and other premises ontill better
matter shalbe shewed in the said Courte of the Kynges highnes in
that behalfe.” ?
This was inspected and confirmed by Queen Elizabeth in 1571,° but in
spite of this she tried to dispose of the property in one of her generous
grants in 1574,‘ but as the tenants of the feoffees refused to move an action
was brought against them, when it was found that the queen had no power
to demise the property.’ From that time the feoffees have been left in
possession but they took care in all subsequent surrenders of the premises
to specify that the use of the income was for the repair of the church and
the implements thereof, the relief of the poor, and the repair of decayed
bridges in the liberty.
1P.R.O. Chantry Certs. Wilts 58, No. 44.
2 Lett. pat. 10. v. 8 E. VI. 3 Lett. pat. 10. v. 13 Eliz.
4 Lett. pat. 22. ix. 17 Eliz. ® Lett. pat. 1. vij. 18 Eliz.
2N 2
530 Corsham.
In 1894 the charity was taken out of the hands of the feoffees and
vested in the parish council, which has to pay one-third of the income to
the vicar and churchwardens for the repair of the church!
Mrs. Rotes’s Cuarity. Mrs. Johan Rolphe, widow, made her will in
1615, and left the sum of £10 to the overseers of the poor of the parish of
Cosham “to remayne for evermore whole in a stoke . . . for the
benefitte of the poore”? This gift was confirmed by an indenture between
the overseers and churchwardens and their successors in those offices,* but
has long since been lost sight of.
Witti1am MoxHam’s Cuarity. William Moxham, of Corsham, yeoman,
left in his will in 1621 “ the sum of ten powndes of lawfull English money
to remayne in stocke for ever in the hands of the churchwardens of Cor-
sham and in the hands of the overseers of the poore of the same pariche by
them and by their successors successively from yeare to yeare to be kept
and to bee duely imployed to the best use of the poore of the same parishe
for ever.” 4
This charity has also disappeared.
Kirpy’s CHartty. Richard Kirby bequeathed in his will 9. viii. 1672,
the unexpired term in a. public house in Dublin, after the death of his
brother and his heirs, to the intent that the rent thereof should be laid out
in purchasing lands in Corsham and that the profits of those lands should be
divided between eight decayed poor of the parish of Corsham as Sir Edward
Hungerford, the bailiff of Corsham, and others should deem fit.®
Lapy James CuHarity. - Dame Ann James, who was a co-heiress of .
Edward Goddard, of Hartham, by her will dated 16. vi. 1798, bequeathed
£1000 to the poor of Corsham, Pickwick, and Biddestone, but the execution
of her will not being completed until 1815, the interest had amounted to £590,
This sum with the capital was paid into the bank in the name of the
accountant-general in trust and the interest was to be applied by the
vicars, churchwardens, and. overseers of the parishes of Corsham and
Biddestone in purchasing coal to be distributed to the poor of those parishes.®
THE ALMSHOUSES. Dame V\largaret, the widow of Sir Edward Hunger-
ford, the owner of the Corsham House property at the Rebellion, purchased
land at the town’s end? and erected thereon a free school and almshouse,
which was finished in 1668: she willed that from her estate of Stanton St.
Quintin there shall be paid each year the sum of £20 for the master of her
school, the sum of £30 to the six poor people in her almshouse, and a
further sum of £10 out of which gowns for the poor people should be found
and the remainder kept in stock for the repair of the premises.
She made 45 orders for the government of the foundation some of which
are interesting.
The poor people had to lay in a stock of fuel at Michaelmas ; they were
to have three yards of broadcloth each third year for a gown, on the left.
' Charities Report, 1904. 15, 16. 2 Corsham Wills, 1615,
* Indenture in parish chest dated 13. iv. 16 Jac. I.
* Corsham Wills, 1621. 5 Charcties Report, 1904, 5.
§ Ibid. p. 3. 7 Court Book, 19. iil. 1665.
By Harold Brakspear. 531
sleeve whereof each should have sewn a silver badge with the crest of the
foundress ; that they should, if able, constantly attend church, twice on
Sundays and on week days whenever there should bea lecture; they should
receive the Holy Communion three times a year at least, and for every such
default, save by sickness, should forfeit 12d. ; they should come to church
together in their gowns and sit in the place appointed ; that they be present
twice every week day at prayers in the schoolroom ; that they must at
their own costs amend windows, casements, doors, locks, and chimneys and
everything belonging to their part, and that they weed their own gardens
and help cleanse what was common. That the two women in the west
(? east) end of the almshouse should attend any sick person from Corsham
House, and that the woman next the school house should be at the com-
mand of the master, and that the house where Jane Angle then lived should
be for a man and his wife, which man should make clean the free-school
and they were to be each rewarded for these respective services. That if
any of the poor people have any income or pension falling to them to the
value of £5 a year or more they should remove from the almshouse.
- That the schoolmaster should go to church with the poor people and see
that they go and return together ; that he should visit the poor people in
their sickness, and when his leisure should best permit instruct them in
religion, especially in the articles of the Christian faith, the Lord’s Prayer,
and the Commandments, and exhort them to live holily and righteously.
Also that in consideration of the yearly stipend he should, during the life
of the foundress, teach so many scholars without any salary as she should
recommend, and after her death 10 poor children ; that he keep in repair at
his own cost the windows, casements, doors, and chimneys, to all housing
allotted to his use ; that he should twice a year, at Lady Day and Michael-
mas, in the ehapel of the schoolhouse read over these ordinances in the
presence of the poor people.’
The first master was the vicar, Edward Wells, as recorded on his monu-
ment in the church.
The buildings (Plate VI. 2), except for a re-arrangement of the master’s
house in the eighteenth century, remain virtually as Dame Margaret built
them. They are in the form of the letter L, of which the long stroke is to
the north, and contains six houses, and the short stroke to the west con-
tains the master’s house and the free-school. The house is entered through
a stone porch, on the front of which isa fine achievement of the lady’s arms
and beneath is an inscription recording the foundation as follows :—
1668.
This freeschoole and almshouse was founded
and endowed by the Lady Margaret
Hungerford relict of S' Edw? Hungerford
Kn! of the Hon?* order of the Bath Daughter
and Coheire of Will™ Halliday Alderman
of London and Susan his wife Daughter
of St Henry Row Knt and Alderman and
Lord Major (sic) of London.
' Charities’ Report, 1904, p. 1, 2.
532 Corsham.
The inscription and arms are repeated in the middle of the north front.
There is a detached building to the south of the school for stabling and
offices, and now used as the parish room. |
In the Charity Report of 1834 it was stated that no boys had been taught
in the school for 40 years, but that the master at that time was willing to
teach 10 children which were to be appointed according to the regulations.
This was apparently not done and the charity was conducted in an irregular
way until 1894, when a new scheme was formed by the Charity Com-
missioners and the master’s stipend was to be paid in awards to children
in the elementary schools of the parish. |
ANCIENT CHAPELS.
In a large parish, like Corsham, it is usual to find one or more chapels,
either of a private nature or chapels of ease to the parish church, and
though none has left any remains above ground there is documentary
evidence of three of the former and one of the latter in Corsham.
PavesHou. At Domesday there was a church at Paveshou, which ad-
joined the manor, held by Edgar, a Saxon, and his father before him, and
it was worth 6/-.2. This was obviously a church and not a chapel in con-
nection with a private house. Its site has not been identified, but it was
probably at Pittars, or St. Peter’s Farm, now in the modern parish of
Pewsham.
St. JoHN’s CHAPEL. In 1428 there was a chapel of St. John Baptist
attached toa holding of 14 virgates in Gastard tithing, which was sur-
rendered in 1453 to Thomas Tropenell, of Neston, who re-surrendered the
land, but kept the chapel with a close of one acre.* He seems to have re-
stored it to its proper use and it remained in the hands of his successors
until 1637, though it had doubtlessly been desecrated many years before,
In that-year it was surrendered by Sir William Eyre to one Walter Helps
who converted it into cottages.4 It was at the top of Velly Hill.
THE Parsonacr. There was a chapel in the Rectory manor house or
Parsonage, as “the chapel-end” and “the two chapel chambers” are men-
tioned in the division of that house in 1701.° a
CorsHAM Housg. There was also achapel in the old house which pre-
ceeded the present Corsham House, which is referred to in the inquisition
of 1562,° when its walls were standing though shorn of their freestone.
MILLs.
At Domesday, as already shown, there were two mills in the manor worth
8/6, and in 18C0 these mills are again referred to as two water mills worth
106s. 8d. by the year, but are at farm in the hands of the tenants but the
lord shall find the large timber for the repair of the same.’
' Charities Report, 1904, p. 3. 7 Dom. Wilts 11.
* Tropenell Cartulary, i. 22. 4 Court Book. §® Rectory Manor Deeds. |
® Vide p. 516 ante. 7I.P.M. Wilts (1908) 263.
By Harold Brakspear, 933
In the middle of the 18th century it is stated that there were evidences
of a mill on Lodbrook water, near Thingley Bridge, and if this was the
case it was doubtless the site of one of the Domesday mills. This mill was
apparently taken down in the time of King Edward III., when one
Bettering, of Thingley, is stated to have made Byde mill or Betterings mill
on his own ground,! and it is obvious that this brook could not have served
two mills. The new mill was claimed by the king and remained in the
hands of the crown until the time of King James I. when he granted the
water mill with all its appurtenances in Corsham parish to Edward Ferris
and Francis Phelips, of London, subject to the yearly rent of 26s. 8d.2_ In
the 18th century Bide mill was surrendered as ordinary copyhold land.
The site of the second mill is difficult to trace and it must have dis-
appeared at an early date. There are still indications of a mill leet behind
the house of what is now called Court Farm, at 'Thingley, which may mark
its site.
The farm at the extreme north-east angle of the parish bears the name
of Millbourne, which suggests that a mill stood at some time on Pudding
brook which flows past this farm.
ANCIENT HOLDINGS.
One of the most interesting features in Corsham at the present time is the
number of old houses distributed over the parish; but before considering
the reason of these it will be necessary to go back to Saxon times.
It has already been stated that to the Saxons we owe most of our country
institutions, the feudal tenure of land, and the divisions of manors, hun-
dreds, and counties. Counties were alluded to in the laws of King Ina
(701), and hundreds are of even earlier origin as the names of the majority
of those in Wiltshire show that the hundred court was held at some
specified place which was not even a village. ‘The ancient town of Malmes-
bury was originally in two hundreds which is hardly likely to have occurred
if the town was in existence when the hundreds were formed. Manors,
though the actual name is French, certainly existed long before the Con-
quest with their attendant courts.
A manor consisted of three types of land, demesne lands held by the lord,
enclosed lands, and common lands.
Land measures are also of Saxon origin, and manors were generally com-
puted in hides, thus at Corsham were 34 hides of which 11 hides were in
demesne. A hide varied in extent apparently in consequence of the nature
of the land ; but may be reckoned for practical purposes at about 128 acres.
The enclosed lands held by the tenants were computed in virgates or yards
land, one yard land being 4 hide; and cotsettles, one cotsettle being +-virgate.
These enclosed lands were held at Domesday by villans who were later
called virgators from the nature of their holding ; and cosets who similarly
1 Tropenell Cartulary, i. 29. 2 Lett. Pat. 30. ix. 1609.
534 Corsham.
became cotsettlors. Both classes were free tenants holding their lands of
the lord by customary services.
At Corsham at Domesday were 65 villans and 48 coscets,? and these occur
again in 1300 as 62 virgates of land of villanage in Corsham and 9 virgators
likewise of villanage in Stratton, and there were also 46 customars who were
apparently the same as the coscets.? |
About 1600 there were in the king’s manor, excluding Stratton, 70 vir- |
gates of land but no return was made of the cotsettle holdings except 33
cotsettles belonging to our Lady’s lands.*
The first list of lords’ rents that remains (1649)* shows that there were 111.
customary tenants in Corsham and 9 in Stratton, but the villans and cos-
cets were not definitely separated, though by calculation the respective
numbers agree very closely with the Domesday survey,
The land reckoned in virgates and cotsettles in Corsham did not in-
clude all the common lands but were distinct if not actually enclosed hold-
ings in themselves and each had a house which was called a headhold.
The surrender of any part of a holding was allowed, but until the house
itself was disposed of the headhold remained nominally intact and was
computed for the purpose of fines and heriots at its original land value.°®
Certain headholds were grouped together to form tithings, these at first
should have, as the name implies, contained ten holdings; but the list of
lords’ rents referred to above shows that the number of headholds and vir-
gates varied considerably in the various tithings. The formation of
tithings was obviously for the purpose of mutual protection and most of the
headholds in the respective tithings, besides being adjacent to each other,
were usually along the line of ancient roads.
A great number of these headholds has been swept away and even the
sites of some cannot be identified. On the other hand a number remains
and it is interesting to remember that in these cases the spot where they
stand has been the site of a human habitation for over a thousand years.
In spite of the antiquity of the site of the house in only some half-dozen
cases is any building remaining earlier than the seventeenth century, which
is apparently due to the prosperity of the district, consequent upon the
wool trade, which enabled their respective owners to build new houses
from time to time as the mode of living changed.
Some of the most important of these headholds which are still represented
by houses on their site are :—
Town TITHING.
WIntTeERS’ Court, belonging to one yard land, was from the early years
' At Domesday was a third class called cottars who were said to have held
from the lord as a loan for life, but there were only nine of these in Cor-
sham and they do not appear later.
* Dom. Wilts 11. 37.P.M. Wilts Kd. I. 264.
* Roll of the customs of the Manor c. 1608, in possession of Sir F. H
Goldney, Bt.
° P.R.O. Parl Surveys, Wilts 35. 6 Customs of the Manor.
Ly Harold Brakspear, 535
of the fifteenth century in the hands of the Nott family, who also owned
other property in the parish. Edward Nott died in 1732, when it went to
his sister Elizabeth, the widow of one Webber, who was succeeded about
1771 by her daughter Christian, after whose death it was surrendered to
Paul Methuen in 1779. It was a public house in 1608, and known as the
Red Lion in 1637. ‘The old medieval house was standing in 1805! (Plate
VII.), but must have been taken down shortly after to make way for the
present Methuen Arms Hotel.
TEDBURYS. The northernmost house on the east side of the High Street
belonged to 4 yard land, which was owned by a family of Humphrey in
1560, whose heiress married (1) Philip Smyth, of Thingley, (2) William
Hancorne, and (3) William ‘l'edbury. The Tedburys began to build the
present house in 1632, when it was presented that William Tedbury had
encroached on the lord’s waste and over the street by making part of his
house further out than he had the right to do, which encroachment was
obviously made by the two bay windows (Plate VIII. 1). His builder was
one William Bollen, who lived in a house in Church Street, now removed.
Widow Tedbury died after 1647, when the property passed to John Wallis,
who received the surrender in reversion some years before. It was
afterwards sold to Richard Fowell, the vicar, in 1735, and was bought from
his descendents by Paul Methuen in 1777.
Bottons. On the opposite side of the street is the oldest house now re-
maining in Corsham tithing, and dates from the fifteenth century. It be-
longed to 4 yard land which at the end of the reign of King Henry VIII.
was owned by a family of Bolton, otherwise Tomson, who were in possession
till 1597, when it was surrendered to Lawrence Kington, who in 1606 sur-
rendered it to William Moxham, in whose family it remained till it passed
through a daughter to John Wilshire, after whose death it went to Grace
Hampton, widow, a daughter of his sister, and in 1762 her son sold it to
Paul Methuen.
Pickwick TITHING.
Pickwick Farm. This holding contained one virgate of land, the
house of which has for many years been called the ‘ Manor House,” and
contains some work of the fourteenth century. In the early days of Queen
Elizabeth it was in the hands of one of the branches of the Keynes tamily ;
they seem to have got into financial difficulties and surrendered the house
in 1639 to William Wastfield. His family came to Corsham in the latter
years of Queen Elizabeth and gradually acquired a considerable estate in
the manor.
The present house appears to have been built by the first William Wast-
field, after the Restoration, and is on a more ambitious scale than most of ~
the virgate houses (Plate VIII. 2). The second William built the dining
room block in 1711. The property remained with the Wastfields until about
1774 when it was surrendered to Robert Neale, of Corsham, in whose
family it remained until recent times, when after a series of short tenures
1 Buckler Collection, Devizes Museum.
536 Corsham.
it now belongs to Mrs. Harold Brakspear. ‘There are remains of a square
dove house in the garden, which was in existence in 1637.
‘LeycetTers. This holding also contained one yard land and was held
by a family of Leyceter until 1614 when it was surrendered to the Sadlers
who held it till 1611 ; when, after sundry surrenders, it came in 1691 into
the hands of Edward Bayly, at whose death a survey was made of his
property whereon is a sketch of the house as it then appeared (Plate IX.
1). It afterwards passed to Thomas Bennett and the Rev. John Law
| Willis, who pulled down the old house and erected the present one further
to the west (1794—1799). It then passed through various hands and now
belongs to Sir Frederick H. Goldney, Bt.
SNELLINGS. This holding of one yard land and another in Easton of one
and a half yards land belonged to a family of Snelling. They appear to
have lost money and all the estate was dispersed. ‘This house was sur-
rendered in 1678 to Edward Bayley and is also shown on the survey of his
lands, from which it would seem that the house was rebuilt by him (Plate
IX. 2).! The facade now remains at the back of the house now erroneously
called “ Guyers.” It passed to the Bennetts and was surrendered to the
Dickinsons and was parcel of the Hartham estate until bought a few years
ago by Captain Handford.
Mere TIrHine.
Monks. The estate now called Monks is formed of six ancient heads
holds, namely the virgates of Monks, Boys, Goods, and Snippets, and the
half virgates of Capps and Whores, In 1357 Monks belonged to a family of
that name, it was surrendered to Thomas Tropenell, of Neston, in 1463,?
passed to his descendents, the Eyres, whose representatives surrendered it
in 1616 to John Danvers, of Sherston parva, who bought Snippets in
1600 ; in whose family both holdings remained till 1711, when they were
surrendered to Caleb Dickinson, and were in 1865 bought by Mr. Gabriel |.
Goldney. ‘The present house was erected by the Dickinsons about 1780.
Easton TITHING.
Easton Court. The holding, now called Easton Court Farm, consists of —
two and a half virgates formed of three ancient headholds, Brays, Thurs- |
tons, and Osbornes. It was in the hands of a family of Hulbert in the early
years of Queen Elizabeth and remained .with the same family till 1800 when |
it was surrendered to Thomas Bruges. It afterwards belonged to Walter
Long, Esq., and was bought by the late Lord Methuen. The house has a |
fifteenth century chimney and apparently an open timber roof of the same
date over the hall. There is a cross wing at the higher end of the hall of |
the sixteenth century (Plate X. 1).
Werstrop. The house of this holding is of the seventeenth century, |
and has three good fireplaces of that date ; it belonged to two virgates of |
land owned by a family of Balden or Baldwyn from the early years of
Queen Elizabeth to 1689. It was surrendered shortly after to William |
* Map on vellum in possession of Mr. W. H. Barrett.
* Trop. Cart. I. 49.
SS ———_
By Harold Brakspear. 537
Guy in whose family it remained until the beginning of the last century
and now belongs to Lord Methuen.
WoopLANDs TITHING.
Neston. This estate was built up by Thomas Tropenell (14836—1461) by
the acquisition of various old headholds that adjoined one another, namely,
Eyres in Neston and 1 virgate, Colyns and 4 virgate, Deraunts and 4 vir-
gate, Coppysand 4 cotsettle, and Comyns and 4 cotsettle. He alsoacquired
sundry closes adjoining.’ This estate passed by his great grand-daughter,
Anne, to the Eyres and remained in that family till 1692, when it passed
with their heiress, Jane, to the Hanhams who held it until 1790 when Sir
William Hanham surrendered it to trustees who sold it to John Fuller.
Tropenell built a new house at Neston between 1442 and 1453,? and Wm.
Eyre in 1675 removed certain coats of arms of stained glass from the Lady
chapel in Corsham church to the windows of the great parlour.* Before
1680 150 acres were walled round to form a park. The present house was
built by John Fuller shortly after he acquired the property.
JAGGARDS. This interesting house belongs to a holding of two virgates
and has the distinction of having the earliest extant reference to it of any
of the ancient holdings, namely, at an inquisition at Chippenham on Mon-
day after the feast of Holy Cross, 1340, it was found that “it would be no
damage to the king or any others to allow Cicely who was wife of Andrew
le Goude to enfeoff Henry of Cosham with one messuage and two virgates
of land, six acres of meadow, and five acres of wood in Cosham. ‘The
premises being held of the King as of the manor of Cosham by service of
paying 14s, 5d. yearly to that manor.”* ‘The property referred to is
identified by the rent of 14s. 5d. which is that payable by the holder of the
two virgates now called Jaggards.
In the early days of Queen Elizabeth the premises belonged to the family
of Kyneton or Kington and remained with them till 1766 when it passed
to a distant relative Jane, wife of John Shore, of Warminster, from whom
it went to the Leirs and was sold in 1866 to John Bird Fuller.
Part of the house contains a Tudor wing but the main block was built by
Richard Kington (1641—1680) as is shown by the initials R. K. and I. K,,
1657, on the fireplace in the drawing room (Plate X. 2). There is a large
square dovehouse in the grounds.
LypyaTE. The holding now called Great Lypyate contained one virgate
of land, and was in the hands of the Hancock family in the fifteenth century
with whom it remained till 1764 when it was surrendered to Paul Methuen.
‘The house is mostly of the seventeenth century and contains a contemporary
staircase.
The holding now called Little Lypyate also contained one virgate of land ;
from the beginning of the fourteenth century it was in the hands of a family
who took their name from the place ;° it passed before 1453 to the Keynes
1 Trop. Cart. I. 5—28. Sora Tele 3 Wilts Coll. 81.
ee ds Wile. 5 Trop. Cart. I. 39—45.
538 Corsham.
with whom it remained till 1603 when it was surrendered to John Thrift.
His great grandson, Edward, surrendered it to William Gibbons, and it
was surrendered in 1696 to the Hulberts of the Ridge, in whose family
it remained until the middle of the last century. The house is mostly of the
seventeenth century.
OvermoreE. This house belongs to one virgate of land and dates mostly
from the seventeenth century ; adjoining it is a barn with a gable studded
with pigeon holes. In the early years of Queen Elizabeth it was in the
possession of a family of West, who surrendered it in 1609 to the Longs,
‘who held it till 1677, when it was surrendered to Sir George Speke, of
Hazelbury, and passed with that property to George Petty, who surrendered
it in 1697 to Samuel Edwards, of Horton, in whose family it remained till
1913.
Lones. This fine house of the early years of the seventeenth century
(Plate XI. 1) belonged toa half virgate of land. In the early years of Queen
Elizabeth it was in the hands of a family of Keynes, but was surrendered
by them in 1597 to Osmund Bushnell, in whose family it remained till 1694,
when it was surrendered to William Mountjoy, of Biddeston. In 1738, it
was surrendered to Richard Hancock, of Nethermore. It then passed
through various hands and was surrendered in 1861 to John Bird Fuller,
of Neston.
GASTARD TITHING.
GaAsTARD Court. This house dates mostly from the seventeenth century,
though it possibly retains portions of earlier work (Plate XI. 2), It belonged
to 14 virgates of land, and was in the hands of the Jones family in 1560, but
passed with their heiress in 1605 to Richard Sherfield, and he and his wife
surrendered it in 1631 to Tristam Colborne, and it stayed with that family
till 1744 when it was bought by Edward Mitchell in whose family it remained
till 1876 when it was surrendered to Robert Fowler, of Elmgrove.
WuITMANS. This important holding was in early days two holdings
of one virgate but united before 1389. Owing to the felony of John
Whitman before that date it was granted by the lord to sundry persons
whom upon the appearance of Walter Whitman, the son of John, were
deseized, and Walter surrendered to John Pyppyng and Alice, his wife,
who surrendered to Thomas T'ropenell. when there was an inquisition as to
ownership, and judgment was given in the favour of Tropenell in 1454.! It
passed with the Tropenell estates to the Eyres, and after various surrenders
it came in 1670 to William Hulbert and Martha, his wife, in whose family
it remained till the beginning of the last century when it was surrendered
to Robert Neale. It is now represented by two fields of about seven acres.
LirtLe TITHING.
This tithing is made up of various parcels in different parts of the manor
and includes the detached portion of the manor called Pittars, now in the
parish of Pewsham. It is suggested that this tithing originated with the
! Trop. Cart. I. 29—38.
By Harold Brakspear. 539
property described in 1300 as belonging to Robert of Gatesturd, a free
tenant who held 3 virgates of land by socage, paying for the same 40s. per
annum and that he shall give heriot relief when it shall happen and shall
make suit at the court of Cosham from three weeks to three weeks.!
Pirrars. In this detached holding was apparently the church of
Paveshou, of Domesday, but no further record of it has occurred. The
holding was computed at two half-virgates, so it was originally of two
headholds. In 1567 it belonged to one Roger Fynemore, who surrendered
it to his daughter Mary who had married Michael Ernle, and it has remained
in the hands of that family and their descendants until a few years ago.
THIncLeEY. This holding, now called the Court Farm, was in the hands
of the Smyth family in the early years of Queen Elizabeth and remained
in their hands until 1734, when Catharine Smith, who had married William
Dawes, surrendered the property to Robert Neale.?
In conclusion the writer wishes to tender his grateful thanks to :—Field-
Marshall the Lord Methuen, for ready access to the valuable documents in
his possession ; to Mrs. Harold Robinson, for the same privilege with those
of the Rectory manor ; to the officers of the Court Leet of Corsham, for
access to the court books, and most particularly to Mr. W. H. Barrett, of
Chippenham. Mr. Barrett has for many years spent much time and
labour in collecting every detail he could find bearing upon the history of
Corsham, and has now placed the whole of his valuable collection at the
disposal of the writer, on the understanding that when the opportunity
offers he shall publish in detail that which is now summarized in this paper,
an obligation he will be only too glad to fulfil as soon as the necessary
funds for such a publication are available.
17,.P.M. Ed. I. 264. Little tything contained only three virgates for
which the lord’s rent was 47s. 11d.
2The information given in connexion with the various ancient holdings
‘is taken from the Court Books of the respective dates unless otherwise
stated.
540
SUPPLEMENTARY REPORT ON THE EARLY IRON AGE
VILLAGE ON SWALLOWCLIFFE DOWN?
By R. C. C. Cray, F.S.A.
During 1926 the inhabited site on Swallowcliffe Down was carefully
searched for more pits both by sounding with a heavy rammer and by test-
ing the depth of the surface mould with a fork. Seven in all were found,
and there is very little likelihood of more having been overlooked. They
were discovered in different parts of the village, and conformed with the
types found in 1924. The number of pits opened at Swallowcliffe Down
and the neighbouring and contemporary village at Fifield Bavant is now
207. 3
Pir No. 94.
Situated between Nos. 29 and 31. Very slight depression on the surface,
Roughly circular in section. Depth d5ft. 4in., width from 4ft. 3in. to 4ft. 6in,
The filling was composed of mould, black earthy flint rubble, and then
earthy chalk rubble. Walls well preserved and the floor flat, smooth, and
covered by no black deposit or puddled lining. Animal bones, charcoal,
and pottery scanty. The following objects were found :—several chalk
loom weights at depths varying from 2ft. to 4ft., a bone gouge and antler
ferrule at 2ft. 6in., six chalk sling bullets in a small flat-bottomed recess in
the wall at 3ft. 6in., two iron knives, a blue glass bead, and a miniature
pottery vessel at 4ft.
Pir No. 95.
Situated seven yards south-east of No. 71. Slight depression on tbe sur-
face. Roughly circular. Depth 7ft. 8in., width varied from 4ft. Tin. to
5ft. 6in. The filling was mould, black earthy flint rubble, and earthy chalk
rubble. A quantity of small fragments of many different pots were found,
and many pieces of sandstone. Walls good, and the floor flat and smooth.
No black earth on the floor. The only object an antler comb at a depth of
2ft. Gin.
Pir No. 96.
No surface indications of this pit, which was 14 yards west of No. 89
and 11 yards from the fence. Roughly circular in outline, Depth 4ft. 8in.,
width 5ft. 8in. to d5ft. 8in. The filling was mould, earthy flint, and chalk
rubble. Walls and floor very good. A piece of bronze was found at 2ft. 6in.
Pir No. 97.
Situated 10 yards north of No. 96. No depression over pit. Oval in
section. Depth 3ft. 6in., width from 2ft. to 3ft, The filling was mould, dark
soil with charcoal and pot-boilers, and earthy chalk rubble. The floor was
' For previous report see W.A.J/., xliii., 59—93,
The Karly Iron Age Village on Swalloweliffe Down. 541
composed of a layer of tabular flints. No doubt the difficulty experienced
in attempting to remove them had caused the pit maker to desist from going
deeper. The oval shape of the pit may also indicate interrupted work,
although there is no doubt that it was utilised, as the large amount of
pottery and animal bones testify. The latter were chiefly those of sheep
but some were of birds. Two loom-weights of chalk were found at 2ft.
Pir No. 98.
The depth of mould was the only indication of the presence of this pit,
for there was no depression and it did not “sound.” Situated 10 yards
« > Fiinty Rubble—_— x
Section of Pit No. 98, Swallowcliffe Down.
south of No. 80. An irregular circle in outline. Depth 5ft. 7in., width
Aft. 9in. to 5ft. 5in. Walls and floor well preserved and regular. At a
height of 18in. above the latter there was a “made” floor of blocks
of sandstone laid down and grouted in with chalk rubble. Some of these
slabs had previously been used as hearths. There were few animal bones
but much charcoal and sandstone fragments. Close beneath the turf were
several pieces of a well-baked pot ornamented with horizontal rows of stab
marks and zones of diagonal shallow grooves.
Pir No. 99.
Situated between Nos. 41 and 16. Over this pit the grass was more
luxuriant, but there was only a very slight depression. It was decidedly
beehived—narrower at the top—and the entrance was on the north-west.
Roughly circular. The filling was mould, and earthy flint rubble. Walls
well preserved and the floor flat and smooth. Animal bones, charcoal, and
sandstone fragments were present in fair quantities. The objects found
were a bone needle at lft. 61n., a piece of iron slag, and a fragment of
twisted bronze wire on the floor.
542 The Early Iron Age Village on Swalloweliffe Down.
Pir No. 100.
Lies 10 yards west of No. 97. There was a slight depression over this
pit, but no difference in the verdure of the grass. Very circular in shape
with straight walls. The filling was mould, clean chalk rubble, and then
earthy rubble consisting chiefly of charcoal, pot-boilers, and burnt sand-
stone. Animal bones and pottery scanty. Depth 3ft., width 2ft. 10in. A
spoon-shaped object of bone was found at a depth of 2ft. 6in.
Pit No. 101.
Situated 15 yards west of No. 95. A rough circle in outline. Depth
3ft. 6ins., width 3ft. din. to 3ft. 8in. No surface indications. The filling
below the mould was earthy flint rubble. Beyond a few pieces of pottery,
animal bones, and charcoal, nothing was found in this pit.
PoTtERy.
The finds of pottery were comparatively small, and no complete vessels
could be restored from the fragments. From No. 97 almost half-a-pot was
Pottery Vessels from Pits on Swallowcliffe Down. i.
reconstructed from 18 shards. ‘I'he vessel was a dark brick-red in colour, |
with roughly tooled surface, high shoulder, curving sides, well baked, and |
with a paste very similar to that of a modern flowerpot. Most of the other
By &. C. C. Clay.
MOS,
_—
=
eS
SS
Qa
Objects from Early Iron Age Pits, Swallowcliffe Down. 3.
[N.B.—No. 1 is inadvertently drawn here upside down. ].
VOL, XLIIIL—NO, CXLVI.
543
544 The Karly Iron Age Village on Swallowcliffe Down.
fragments belonged to vessels of the common Swalloweliffe type, that is
flat rim, almost straight neck, and high shoulder. Contrary to our usual
experience, no pieces of haematited ware were discovered. No bead rims
were found, and nothing that could be ascribed to the Romano-British
period.
OBJECTS OF BRONZE.
Fig. 9(A. 10). A bent piece of bronze wire with swelling at one end, the
other end missing. Probably the remains of a penannular brooch. Found
in No. 96. |
Fig.8(A. 11). Fragment of bronze found in No. 29 consisting of four
strands of wire twisted together and showing a curve the diameter of which
is 5in. This diameter, presuming that the curve of the fragment had not
been flattened when broken, suggests that it was part of a torque and not
of a bracelet, although the thickness of the cord, 3mm., rather indicates the
latter. ‘Twisted bracelets, however, are uncommon at this period, whereas
the torques are usually twisted. Thereisin the British Museum a twisted
bracelet from the La Tene I. cemetery at Marson, in France.
Ossects oF BONE AND ANTLER.
Fig. 7(B. 71). Weaving comb of antler conforming to Glastonbury type
2. Sides straight and converging to a rounded and perforated terminal at
the base. It is unornamented. There were originally nine teeth, of which
‘three remain. ‘They are worn at the tips, and on the underside show trans-
verse grooves caused by use (compare B. 27, W.A.M. xliii). The lateral
surfaces are also rounded and polished in an irregular manner as if by use.
The teeth are widely separated and the interdental notches are square. ©
Length 148mm. Width at dentated end 33mm. Width of terminal en- |
largement 25mm, Diam. of perforation 5mm. Found in No. 95. a
Fig. 7 (B. 72). Bone gouge. All Cannings type? Base missing. Point’ |
rounded by much use. Sides not squared. Found in No. 94. |
Fig. 2 (B. 73). Ferrule, oval in section, consisting of a short length of
antler, shaped with a knife and then polished. The ends which are also
polished show evidence of having been cut with a saw. The operation of
removing the cancellous tissue by boring has been commenced from both
ends but not completed. Similar objects have been found at All Cannings
and at Glastonbury. Length 50mm. Found in No. 94.
Fig. 6 (B. 74). Bone needle of Glastonbury Type A. Point missing.
The eye is a wide oval and has been made by drilling a hole through from
one side, and then enlarging it by drilling holes from both sides on the
lower edge of the first hole There is no swelling of the head, the top being |
slightly rounded. ‘The sides taper from the head to the point. Shaft flat |
oval in section. Length of specimen 45mm. Width ateyedmm. Length |
of shaft above eye 6mm. Found in No. 99.
—
1 The figures in brackets (A. 10) (B. 71), etc., are in continuation of those
given in the first report of the excavations, W.A.M., xliii., 59—938, and are
those under which the objects are catalogued in the Museum.
By kh. C. C. Clay. oe 545
Fig. 4(B. 75). A spatula-shaped object of bone similar to those found
at All Cannings (Figs 24—30, P]. 6). The tang has been broken. The head
is roughly rectangular with straight parallel sides and convex edge and
base. Formed from a piece of split rib, with the outer surface polished,
The edge has been sharpened by being bevelled off on the under side by
grinding. Perforated in the centre by a hole bored from both sides. Total
length of head 25mm. Width of head 19mm. Diameter of perforation
4mm. Found in No. 100.
At All Cannings 50% of these objects were perforated in the head. One
side of the perforation in B. 75 shows some slight signs of having been worn
away, and the side of the head opposite the perforation bears similar marks.
These objects were certainly not spoons—the edge being the business part.
They would have been efficient only against soft material, and the edge
suggests that they were employed as chisels. Probably they were used to
shape down the sides of large pots, some of which display marks that appear
to have been caused by knives, but might very well have been caused by
these implements. They could have been hafted in a split-stick handle,
the tang being driven into the cleft and the ends of the stick secured by a thin
sinew passing through the perforation and going round the head from side
to side. It is interesting to note that the bone “spoons ” from the Victoria
Cave, Settle (Collectanea Antiqua, 1., Pl. xxx., Fig. I.,and B.Jf. Guide to
Roman Britain, Fig. 53) have perforated heads, but they differ from the
Iron Age examples by having a spoon-shaped head instead of arectangular
one.
OpsEcts oF IRON.
Fig. 10 (C. 44). Iron knife with point missing. The blade slopes
gradually to the tang, which is flat, slightly curved and square ended.
Total length 138mm. Length of tang 50mm. Max. width of blade 25mm.
Found in No. 94.
(C. 45). Portion of small iron knife with point of blade and tip of tang
missing. Found in No. 94.
OBJECTS OF CHALK.
(D. 31). Length 48mm. Max. width 32mm.
(D. 32). Length 5lmm. Max. width 35mm.
(D. 33). Length 46mm. Max. width 33mm.
(D. 34). Length 47mm. Max. width 34mm.
(D. 35). Length 48mm. Max. width 32mm.
(D. 36). Length 53mm. Max. width 33mm.
These six spindle-shaped sling bullets were found together on the flat
bottom of a small recess in No. 94 at a depth of 3ft. 6ins. below ground
level. They have been shaped with a knife.
OpsECTS OF BAKED CLAY.
Fig. 1 (E. 5). Very small vessel of baked clay. The base is missing, but
from the slope of the rounded sides it can be inferred that it was more or
2.0 2
546 The Early Iron Age Village on Swallowcliffe Down.
ess flat. There is no marked rim, the sides curling over into the circular
interior which appears to have been shaped by pressing the tip of a smalt
finger into the clay. It shows no signs of having been exposed to any great
heat, and so cannot have functioned as a crucible. Height approximately
16mm. Width 24mm, Diameter of interior 14mm. Compare a slightly
larger object from Glastonbury (D. 57. Vol. I., p. 308). Found in No. 94.
OBJECTS OF GLASS.
Fig.?3 (F. 5). A bead of dark blue cobalt glass, 8mm. in height and
1lmm. in diameter. Very similar to (F. 2). Found in No. 94.
It has been suggested that these pits at Swallowcliffe and the neighbouring
village of Fifield Bavant were storage pits only, and that from their dimen-
sions they were unsuitable for habitation. During the careful investigation
of any site, the excavators learn by intuition facts which are often difficult
of clear exposition on paper, but in this instance there are a few concrete
data which help to prove that the intuitive assumptions are well founded.
Certain pits were undoubtedly habitation pits, and others were storage
pits pure and simple. In the case of twin pits there was, as a rule, no
hesitation in stating that one was used for storage and one for habitation.
The habitation pit often possesssed seats and large or small recesses in the
walls, and had hearths on the floor—in one instance with the pot still
standing on the hearth. Animal bones were sometimes lying on heaps of
charcoal. The orderly arrangement of implements in the corners as if care=
fully put aside after use, and the layers of debris in the Fifield Bavant pits
beneath the collapsed and charred roof, all point to actual dwelling in these
pits. The storage pit was often larger and contained no darker soil above
the floor, and as a rule little or no pottery. It had no recesses in the walls.
and its contents consisted of chalky rubble or animal bones in profusion.
Pit No. 89 with its long sloping passage way on the north, resembling the
Esquimaux “ Igloo,” and seat on the south side was certainly used as a
dwelling. All primitive peoples rest in the squatting position, and in this
country the so called ‘‘ squatting facet’ on the lower end of the tibia is
frequently met with in prehistoric skeletons. Four of us on cold days have |
had our tea at the bottom of these pits and have not been unduly cramped
for room although we sat with our knees fully flexed and not in the squat- |
ting position. One of us, 13 stones in weight, just managed to lie crouched
up in one of the large flat-bottomed recesses in No. 21 at Fifield Bavant.
It is probable that for the sake of warmth and shelter the inhabitants of
these villages, ignorant as they were of more comfortable abodes, tolerated
the somewhat cramped conditions in the pits. The fact that there were
twin and triple pits connected by means of narrow openings through their
adjoining walls, and that the bottoms of these openings were always at.
least two feet above the level of the pit floors is a strong argument against. 4
their all being intended for storage purposes. It is without doubt much
easier, if more room is needed for storage, to enlarge a pit than to make |”
connecting pits ; and pits fitted with open connections could not be filled |
above the level of the base of the openings.
By R. C. C. Clay. 547
THE MOLLUSCA.
Mr. A. S. Kennard, A.L.S., and Mr. B. B. Woodward, F.L.S., have kindly
examined for me some samples of dirt from the floors of the pits. The
following species of Mollusca have been identified :—Limax arborum
{Bouch. Chant), Vitrina crystallina (Mull.), Vitrina pellucida (Mull.),
Arion sp., Hygromia hispida (Lann.), Helix nemoralis (Linn.), Helecella
cellaria (Mull.), Fruticicola hispida (Linn.), Vallonia excentrica (Sterk.),
Vallonia costata (Mull.), Cochlecopa lubrica (Mull.). “ These shells indicate
a scrub growth or coarse herbage.”’
[All the objects found have been placed in the Devizes Museum. ]
548
THE BARROWS ON MARLEYCOMBE HILL,
BOWERCHALKE (1926)
By R. C. C. Cray, F.S.A.
Marleycombe Hill towers above the village of Bowerchalke, lying at the
foot of its steep northern escarpment, while to the south it falls gently to
Oakley Down. Rising to 690 feet, its bold projection makes it a con-
spicuous feature of the landscape.
In Goddard’s List of the Prehistoric, Romanand Pagan Saxon Antiquities
of Wilts,? we find “ Barrows 1—4. On Marleycombe Hill, half-mile S,W.
of Bowerchalke Church, N. of the Ox-Drove, O.M. 70 S8.W. shows three
barrows (1—8) close together and one (4) to the south of them, A.W.
Stations VIII., [X., shows seven barrows here close together.” The present
report is concerned only with the barrows, and so the lynchets, earthworks,
and prehistoric roads that make the hill so interesting are left to be dealt
with on another occasion.
O 20 40 60 Feer.
|
*
2 ©)
e fy
70} YP .
‘ij Tf) )
so
The Barrows on Marleycombe Hill, Bowerchalke.
The mounds do not lie in a group as depicted in Hoare’s map, but in two
lines of three, more or less parallel and taking a direction of east to west,
with an isolated mound to the south-west, near the corner of the fence.
Unlike the northern three, the barrows to the south form a perfectly straight
line, and excavation has proved that all the latter are contemporary. It
has, naturally, been supposed that barrows, the centres of which are directly
' All the urns found are in the Society’s Museum at Devizes.
*W.A.M., xxxviii., p. 153.
The Barrows on Marleycombe Hill, Bowerchatke. 549
in line, were erected at the same time, or at any rate in the same period,
and the Marleycombe barrows prove that sometimes at least this is true.
For the purpose of description the barrows will be numbered from 1 to 6,
beginning with the most easterly of the northern line, and taking the
southern line from west to east. The remaining mound, as will be detailed
later, proved to be not a barrow.
Unfortunately, all these barrows had been rifled by treasure hunters or
collectors. This made accurate plans of the excavations impossible, but
the re-opening of the barrows was not labour in vain. About 70 years ago
a Mr. Burroughs excavated one of them, and is said to have found a skeleton
and a bronze “spear,” which was given to the Blackmore Museum but
cannot now be traced. Ina footnote to the description of the Stonehenge
Urn'a statement is made that “an urn very similar in design, with one
band running round the shoulder and six raised bands running from this to
the base of the vessel, was found in a barrow at Bowerchalke in 1883, and
is now in the Salisbury Museum. It measures 154in. in height by 114in.
diameter at the top.” ‘This urn could very well have come from Barrows
2, 4, or 5, at Marleycombe. Unfortunately, it appears to have been lost.
BaRrRow 1.
This barrow was the largest and measured 45 feet from ditch to ditch,
Like the others of this northern line it stood on a slope. There were signs
that it had been opened before, but no indications that it had ever been
ploughed over, although the texture of the grass round it showed that the
plough had been at work right up to the edge of the ditch.
re} 10 20 Fe
Barrow 1.—Marleycombe Hill, Bowerchalke.
A trench was cut through from the south-east. Romano-British pottery
was found under the turf over the ditch. In the barrow mould and on the
turf line were discovered fragments of beaker pottery, and a fragment of
the side and base of a flat bottomed vessel the paste and texture of which
were similar in every respect to that of bowls from Windmill Hill and
Layer 4 at Chelm’s Coombe, Cheddar. There were also in the barrow
mould burnt flints, a large piece of sandstone that had evidently been used
as a hearth, and a sarsen pebble that had been much bruised at both ends,
The barrow earth on the south and east sides was very dark in colour and
no doubt consisted of the top soil scraped up from a spot in the vicinity on
which there was habitation in the beaker period. Above the centre the earth
had -been disturbed, and remains of a skeleton in small fragments, and pieces
of beaker, were found immediately under the turf and reaching right down
to the natural chalk. There was no cist. The beaker fragments appeared
1 Cat. Stourhead Coll., No. 257.
550 The Barrows on Marleycombe Hull, Bowerchalke.
to belong to one vessel, but the presence of three humeri indicates that
there must have been two skeletons.
BARRow 2.
There were surface indications that this barrow had been dug into from
the west. It was situated close to and to the west of Barrow I.
Barrow 2.—Marleycombe Hill, Bowerchalke. —
From the south-east a trench was cut through the mound and afterwards
enlarged at the centre so that a large area was cleared. The ditch was
shallow and flat bottomed and the barrow mould had not spread over it on
the north although the ground on which the barrow stood sloped in that
direction. One small fragment of beaker pottery with punch mark orna-
mentation was found within the old turf-line half way along the barrow.
Around and over the centre was a large mass of flints mixed with earth, the
flints reaching to the turf-line of the barrow, which had evidently been
disturbed not very long ago. There were three cists beneath this heap of
stones. A long cist measuring 5ft. 4in. by 2ft. lay in the absolute centre of
the barrow, its long axis being nearly east and west. It formerly contained
an adult skeleton of which a few bones remained but no traces of a beaker
or other grave furniture. Its depth beneath the hard chalk level was 8 ins.
To the south of it and separated from it by a thin partition of undisturbed
chalk was a circular basin-shaped cist, 84ins. deep and 15ins. in diameter
at the top. It contained no ashes or burnt bones, and we can only surmise
that it contained an urn that had stood upright and had been taken
out entire. Close to the north-east corner of the long cist was another
circular and basin-shaped cist, the barrier between the two having been
broken down by the previous treasure hunters. The bottom of this cist
however was flatter than that of the other. In it were much burnt bones
and ashes, and the sides of the cist showed signs of having been scorched
by the hot ashes from an inverted urn. ‘The bones were those of an adult
and some of them were incompletely burnt, an unusual feature in crema-
tions. Several pieces of pottery were found in this cist and just round it
(Fig. 1). The barrow mould consisted of earthy flint rubble with a
small amount of added chalk, except near the centre where the flints were
found. The third cist was 19ins. in diameter and Qins. deep.
BARROW 3. 7
This barrow like the last contained a large central cairn of flints. It had
By RB. C. C. Clay. 551
been opened at some distant time for the heap of flints that reached to the
surface was covered with a thick layer of turf. ‘his cairn covered a circle
Barrow 3.—Marleycombe Hill, Bowerchalke.
of roughly 12ft. diameter. There was no sign of a central burial and no
cist. If there had been a skeleton lying on the bare chalk without a cist
as in Barrow 1 there would still have been a few small bones left, the
difficulty and uselessness of removing all the phalanges and sesamoid bones
being great. There were also no signs of ashes, charcoal, or pottery.
Possibly the barrow openers had found under the cairn an urn in the up-
right position and unbroken and had taken it out intact without spilling
any of its contents. On the eastern side of the cairn and on the edge of
the former excavated area was found an urn (Fig. 2) of the barrel-shaped
type in an inverted position, most of the sides and bottom of which had
disintegrated. It contained no charcoal or burnt bones, but there is no
doubt that it had never been disturbed for the rim rested on the top of the
natural chalk in position although roots had grown into and through the
pottery, breaking it. The tight packing of the stones and dirt around it,
forming a kind of cist, were evidently in the same position as when the urn
was buried. Even if the urn had been discovered previously and the con-
tents scooped out, yet some of the ashes would have been displaced ; and
no ashes, or bones, or fragments of pottery were found anywhere near the
centre. There was no other secondary burial. In the barrow mould near
the ditch to the south there was a small fragment of beaker with its
characteristic ornament. ‘There were also a few pieces of sandstone, and a
few calcined flints, showing that the top soil scooped up to make the bar-
row was obtained at a site on which the beaker folk lived. This place
would naturally not be far distant.
BaRRow 4.
This was the most westerly of the upper line of barrows. Asseen in the
plan the entrenchment at this point made a sharp curve so as to skirt the
barrow and was therefore later in date. The weathering of the sides of
this trench had destroyed the wide barrow ditch on the south and west
sides, while on the north the plough had transformed the edge of the
ne ee
10 20 Fr.
Barrow 4.—Marleycombe Hill, Bowerchalke.
552 The Barrows on Marleycombe Hull, Bowerchalke.
barrow into a negative lynchet. It was only on the east that the barrow
ditch was intact. Like others of this group the barrow was not so high as
it appeared to be, the soil for the barrow having been obtained from just
beyond its edges and consequently the level of the surrounding ground had
been lowered. The barrow was built on a deep layer of clay with flints
and the barrow trench had not reached the chalk beneath. There were
surface indications of a former opening of this barrow. Excavation showed
that an urn had been removed from a central cist 19in. deep and 2ft. in
.diameter. It contained ashes and the remains of the cremation of an adult.
A piece of sandstone was found in the barrow earth.
BARRow 5.
This barrow appeared to be higher than it really was on account of the
top soil having been scooped up from close around it, forming a broad
shelving trench very similar to those found at Woodminton.’ The fact
that the top soil was of clay with flints of considerable depth made the re-
moval of the upper soil easy work for the barrow builders. It may be that
barrows that are primarily of finger-tipped urn date are characterised by
low mounds standing in broad basin-shaped ditches that make the barrows
appear higher than they really are. The result of ploughing around the
barrows emphasises their height still more.
Barrow 5.—Marleycombe Hill, Bowerchalke.
The barrow had previously been opened in the centre and apparently an
urn removed intact, for a cist was found in the dead centre, with its sides
cut away on three parts of its circumference. There were no signs of burnt
bones or charcoal, and so we are forced to the conclusion that the urn stood
upright. A few feet to the south of the centre, and just beyond the area
previously disturbed, there was a well-cut cist 16in. deep and 17in. in
diameter at the top with slightly basined bottom. It contained two urns.
One (Fig. 4) on the south side of the cist had originally stood upright, and
contained the cremated bones of a child. It had been crushed and pushed
aside to make room for the burial of a second urn (Fig. 3) that was found
almost intact and inverted. In this second urn were the remains of the
the burnt bones of an adult. With the bones were several large pieces of
charcoal.
The central cist was formerly circular in outline and about two feet in
diameter. Its bottom was 3ft. 4in. below the top of the barrow. The
barrow earth contained several flint flakes and pieces of sandstone, one of
which had been used as arubber. There were no calcined flints.
1 W.A.M,, xlili. p. 318.
—
By fh. C. C. Clay. 553
BaRrRow 6,
The flatness of the top of this barrow suggested that it had been opened
previously, but the gorse bushes growing on it made it impossible to be
certain. More than half this barrow was thoroughly excavated.
Barrow 6.—Marleycombe HilJ, Bowerchalke.
The barrow earth consisted of clay with flints, the flints being of unusually
large size and very numerous. It was fairly easy to distinguish the old top
soil beneath the barrow earth on account of its lighter colour and greater
firmness. Excavation proved, however, that beneath this former top soil
and lying on the undisturbed chalk was a thin stratum of darker material
containing fragments of charcoal and a few flint flakes. No doubt it
represented an older inhabited floor. Possibly this floor was of beaker age
and contemporary with the beaker floor that must have been situated
around the sites of the northern line of barrows, for there were found in
each of them fragments of beakers and pot boilers and pieces of sandstone.
The upper line of barrows, all apparently of Deverill-Rimbury date, might
have been raised upon a site that had been culivated since beaker days. A
few pieces of sandstone were found in the barrow earth of this barrow as
well as a few flakes.
An urn (Fig. 5) of the barrel type was found in a basin-shaped cist 5ft.
to the south-south-east of the centre of the barrow. The cist reached
through the old top soil to the top of the chalk, that is to say 9in. below
the floor of the barrow, and 2ft. beneath the barrow turf. The urn was in-
verted, telescoped, and badly damaged by the weight of the soil. It con-
tained ashes and the cremated remains af a slender adult, but no objects.
With the ashes were several calcined flints which probably had been raked
up from the ground with the ashes after the body had been burnt. On
the west of this cist and close to it was a smaller cist cut in the old top
soil but not reaching to the underlying chalk. It contained a few burnt
bones and ashes but no fragments of pottery.
There was certainly no central burial: none at least within 5ft. of the
centre, and considering the small size of this barrow, the urn that was
found must be considered the primary one. The ditch was shallow and
broad, and, as usual with the southern line of barrows and with those of a
Similar age on Woodminton Down, the top soil had been thoroughly
Scraped up from close round to form the mound, so that the barrow had
the appearance of being higher than it actually was and of standing in a
basin-shaped depression. If the barrow had been opened previously the
554 The Barrows on Marleycombe Hill, Bowerchalke.
excavators would surely have left behind a few ashes if they had found an
urn,and afew phalanges and other bones if they had chanced on askeleton.
THE MouND To THE SoutH-WEST,
This irregular mound is not a barrow although it is marked as such on
the O.S. maps and by Hoare. On three sides it appears to be circular and
very much like a low barrow, but when viewed from the east it tails off to
_ the south and runs into an indefinite ridge that may be the remains of a
lynchet. he mound is probably the corner of a lynchet that has been
altered by ploughing in prehistoric times. The soil of which it is composed
is clay with flints, the latter being both numerous and large. Inthe deeper
layers of this mound, that is to say, at a depth of just over a foot, were
several pieces of beaker closely associated with some good flint flakes and
scrapers and traces of charcoal. ‘This implies a beaker floor during the
construction of the lynchet, the associated pottery and flints being too
numerous and localized to have been carried down by the plough during
cultivation at a date later than their deposition. One fragment of sand-
stone was associated wlth the beaker pottery. No ditch could be found,
and the mound did not appear from its construction to have been a barrow.
THE PorTeRy.
CVV VIO DD HOD DD DDDD
00907 DODD DDD D OD
SEL ate ETH
4 '
aa peat ese ce eee
=<
Urns from Barrows on Marleycombe Hill, Bowerchalke.
By Rk. C. C. Clay. ( 555
Fig. I. Barrel Urn from Cist C, Barrow 2. Dark brown in colour with
rough surface. Paste black and gritty. The rim is of a form not commonly
met with in urns of this type; it is bevelled inwards, and in this respect
resembles many urns of the collared variety. ‘The inner edge of the bevelled
rim is rough and uneven. The outer edge is ornamented with a line of
small oval markings 3 mm. wide. They resemble small finger tip impressions
but could not have been made in this way. They were probably caused by
the impression of some blunt bone or wooden implement. Half-an-inch
below the lip is a raised fillet or band running round the vessel and Hin. in
thickness. On it are depressions that could have been caused by the
impression of the tip of a small finger. These marks are circular, do not
show the imprint of the nail and are 3/16 in. in diameter. An inch and a
half below the fillet is another parallel to it and similar in dimensions and
design. From it drop vertical moulded ribs similar to the horizontal ones.
From the small size of the restored portion of this urn it is impossible to
estimate either the number of vertical ribs or their distance apart. It is
certain however that they were not closer together than 44ins. The walls
average Zin. in thickness. It may be compared with Urn 40, Barrow 24,
Handley Hill!
Fig. 2. Fragments of urn from Barrow 3. Diameter at rim 182 ins,
Thickness of rim in. Average thickness of walls Zin. Barrel-shaped urn
with expanded and flattened rim beneath which runs a plain low horizontal
moulding. Dark brown in colour, badly baked and gritty. Compare an
urn from Woodminton Down.?
Fig.3. Barrel urn from Barrow 5. Height 174in. Diam. at rim 12}ins.
Diam. of base 7iins. Thickness of rim 3ins. Thickness of base 3in.
Average thickness of walls #in. Rim expanded, slightly everted and flat-
topped. Dark brown in colour, badly baked, friable and gritty. Below
the lip the walls fall almost straight, indicating a rudimentary neck. They
then widen out at the remains of a shoulder and afterwards slope inwards
with a slight curve to meet a flat base. Immediately beneath the lip there
is a double line of finger nail impressions and a second double line of
similar marks 44ins. below the rim at the widest part of the vessel. The
latter rows do not follow a straight course, but pursue a meandering path
coinciding with the widest diameter. Compare an urn from Littleton
Down, Blandford.’
Fig. 4. Urn from the same cist as Fig. 3. Barrel type with expanded
rim, slightly concave neck. Dark brown in colour with smoothed outer
surface. Badly baked and very gritty. Height approximately 14ins.
Diam. at rim 1ll3ins. Thickness of rim 2in. Average thickness of walls
qin. At the greatest diameter a slight moulded fillet encircles the vessel.
Below this the sides have a gentle convex curve downwards. Four vertical
moulded ribs hang from the horizontal one. ‘They as well as the latter are
1 Abercromby II. Fig. 383. Hx. Cranborne Chase, iv. 166.
2 W.AWM. xliii. p. 320. Plate II. fig. 6.
3 The Barrow Diggers. plate viii., fig. 1.
556 The Barrows on Marleycombe Hill, Bowerchalke.
ornamented with finger nail impressions 4in, apart on the average. . Com-
pare an urn from Tarrant Monkton, Dorset.!
Fig. 5. Found in Barrow 6. Barrel urn with expanded and flat-topped
rim. From the rim the sides slope witha gentle curve to the base. Rim
unornamented. Two-and-a-half inches beneath the lip a plain moulded
fillet runs round the urn. Diam. of rim 11#ins. Width of rim 3in.
Average thickness of walls 4in. Dark brownin colour: Very badly baked.
Only a small quantity of grit in the paste. Very similar to. Fig. 2.
These barrows raise some interesting problems which can be satisfactorily
solved only when the earthwork has been investigated and more trial
trenches dug in the vicinity. ‘The presence of beaker fragments, pot-boilers,
pieces of sandstone and black soil in Barrows }, 2, and 3 suggest that there
was a beaker settlement close by, for it can be assumed that the top soil
used in the construction of these barrows was gathered from their immediate
neighbourhood. A few trial trenches, however, have revealed no definite
evidence of this and the signs of habitation appear to spread over most of
the northern crest of the hill. The results of the excavations indicate that
Barrows 1, 2. and 3, can be ascribed to the Early Bronze Age, whereas the
Barrows 4, 5, and 6, are considerably later and belong to a period when
iron was already in use. ‘The question of the dating of the barrel-shaped,
finger-tipped cinerary urns has been dealt with inthe report on the
Woodminton Barrows. Barrows 4, 5, and 6, seem to have been constructed
on ground that had been cultivated subsequently to the time of the beaker
habitation on the hill, for the cists were cut into a deep layer of top soil
composed of clay with flints beneath which were found flakes and charcoal
that were presumably remains of the beaker floor. In other words the
barrows were placed on or near positive lynchets. Subsequent ploughing
in historic times reached up to the barrows and to a certain extent has
altered their outlines. The presence of beaker pottery closely associated
with flint flakes and implements and charcoal and sandstone fragments low
down in the corner lynchet that has been styled a barrow hitherto, suggests
that the celtic field system of cultivation had its origin not later than the
end of the beaker period.
Samples of the first siltings of the ditch of Barrow 1 have been examined
by Mr. A. S. Kennard, F.L.S., for Mollusca, and the following species
identified :—Vitrea Crystallina (Mull.), Arion sp., Goniodiscus rotundatus
(Mull.), Carychium minimum (Mull.). These, Mr. Kennard states, indicate
a damp climate.
As an appendix to the report on the Woodminton Group of Barrows,
there was a list of the localities where urns of the Barrel, Bucket, and
Globular types have been found, and a distribution map with symbols to
indicate the different types of urns. To bring this. list up-to-date
Marleycombe Hill should beadded. Another example, the first from Kent,
has lately been discovered at Tankerton, and an extensive urnfield at
Pokesdown, Bournemouth, half-mile N.E. of the one previously recorded,
is now being excavated.
‘ Abercromby II. Fig. 380.
7 WAM, xliii., p. 313.
557
WILTS OBITUARY.
Rev. the Hon, Canon Bertrand Pleydell Bouverie,
died Nov. 7th, 1926, aged 81. Buried at Pewsey. Born at Longford Castle,
3rd son of Jacob, 4th Karl of Radnor, April 23rd, 1845. Educated at
Harrow and Trin. Coll., Camb., B.A. 1869, M.A. 1872, Deacon 1869, Priest
1870 (Worc.). Curate of Halesowen, 1869—70; Rector of Stanton St.
Quintin, 1870—80 ; Rector of Pewsey, 1880—1910; Rural Dean of Pewsey,
1887—-1910 ; Canon and Preb. of Salisbury, 1894; Chaplain of St. Michael’s,
Beaulieu, 1913—19. In 1910 he resigned the living of Pewsey and retired,
living at first at the Grange, All Cannings, and from 1919 at Bournemouth,
where he died. He was a Trustee of Somerset Hospital at Froxfield and of
the Broad Town Charity, J.P. for Wilts, and a member of the District
Council. He married, 1870, Lady Constance Jane, daughter of the 3rd
Earl Nelson, who predeceased him. ‘They had no children. A man of
very considerable artistic gifts, Pewsey Church is full of his work as a wood
carver and painter. ‘The altar rails, the four figures of the evangelists in
the reredos, the central panel of the reredos of the side altar s. of the
chancel, the organ screen, the statue of St. John the Baptist in the porch,
the font cover, the sounding board of the pulpit, the mural paintings, the
finely worked altar frontal are all the work of hishands. In secular matters
he was the leader and prime mover in all matters for the welfare and ad-
vantage of Pewsey. Outside of his own parish he was most widely known
for his work on behalf of the Wiltshire Friendly Society, for which as
president’s representative he spoke at meetings all over the county, and
took a prominent part in the administration of the society, attending the
weekly meetings of the sub-committee at Devizes with great regularity.
Long obit. notice, Wiltshire Gazette, Nov. 11th, 1926; Salisbury Dioc.
Gazette, Dec., 1926.
The Rev. John Wilfred Royds Brocklebank, died
Nov. 13th, 1926, aged 57. Son of Thomas Brocklebank, of the Roscote,
Cheshire, and Wateringbury Place, Kent. Educated privately and at
Christ Church, Oxford. B.A. 1892, M.A. 1900, Deacon 1895, Priest 1896
(Wakefield). Curate of Almondbury, 1895—1901.; Assistant Chaplain
Railway Mission, Diocese of Grahamstown, 1901—4; Curate of St John’s,
Warminster, 1905—12 ; Vicar of Longbridge Deverill, 1912. In October,
1926, there was an exhibition of his water colour drawings in London,
chiefly the result of a recent six months’ stay in S. Africa. Zhe 72mes in an
Obituary notice Nov. 18th, 1926, said “ His enthusiasm for art received
early encouragement, for both his father and his uncle possessed notable
collections of pictures, including many fine water colours by Turner, Peter
de Wint, and Copley Fielding. Mr. Brocklebank had a number of these
drawings in his own possession, but he was also a discriminating patron of
modern art. . . . His beautiful little Church at Longbridge Deverill
558 Wilts Obituary.
is a proof of how much can be done by an incumbent of knowledge and
taste to bring back the devotional atmosphere to a building which has
suffered at the hands of Iconoclasts.”
Obit. notice, Salisbury Dioc. Gazette, Dec., 1926.
William Bowle Gauntlett, died Oct. 23rd, 1926, aged 91.
Buried at Collingbourne Kingston. Only son of George Gauntlett, of
Market Lavington, on whose death his mother married Mr. Farmer, of
. Lavington, and became the mother of Samuel Farmer, who died July 9th,
1926. ‘These half-brothers in after life became the partners in perhaps the
largest agricultural business ever under one management in Wiltshire. He
lived successively at Market Lavington, the Grange at Easterton, the Old
Market House at Market Lavington, Eastcot Farm, and lastly, about 1881,
removed to Brunton House, Collingbourne Kingston, where he lived until
his death. After this Brunton House Farm, Southgrove Farm, Green Farm,
and East Grafton Manor Farm, were all under the control of “ W. B.
Gauntlett & Co.” He was throughout his life an ardent advocate of total
abstinence. He married Jacintha Madeline Glass-urner, who survives
him,and there were seven sons and six daughters of the marriage. He was
J.P. for Wilts. ,
Obit. notice, Wiltshtre Gazette, October 28th, 1926.
Isabel Drury, died Feb. 14th, 1926. Buried at Brookwood Ceme-
tery. Daughter of the late Archdeacon Henry Drury, Vicar of Bremhill.
She went toS. Africa comparatively late in life at first as Lady Warden of
St. Anne’s Diocesan High School for Dutch and English Girls in Natal,
and, later on, accompanied by her life-long companion, servant, and friend,
Jane Andrews, to the then little known districts of Southern Rhodesia as
a pioneer missionary amongst the natives, at first at St. Faith's Mission and
afterwards at the Church of the Epiphany at Rusape, in the Makoni dis-
trict, where they accomplished a remarkable work among the native women
and girls. She had of late lived at Windsor.
Obit notices, Rhodesia Church Magazine; Windsor, Eton, & Slough
(paper); Feb. 19th, 1926.
Rev. William Henderson, died suddenly Dec. 4th, 1926, aged
68 (2). Educated St. Cath. Coll., Cambridge. B.A., 1889, M.A. 1894,
Deacon 1890, Priest 1891 (Worc.) Curate of Cradley, 1890—93; St,
Michael, Coventry, 1894—95 ; Hodnet, 1897—98; Corsham, 1898—1903;
Rector of Kingston Deverill and Vicar of Monkton Deverill, 1903, until his
death.
Obit. notice, Salisbury Dioc. Gazette, Jan., 1927.
Lt.-Col. Laurence St. John Brodrick, died November,
1926. Son of Rev. Alan Brodrick, for 34 years Rector of Broughton Gifford.
He served in India and the S. African War, and during the Great War he
commanded the Scottish Horse in France. Died from a riding accident at
Brighton.
Wilts Obituary. 559
Vice-Admiral Sir Lawrence Power, died January 20th,
1927. Buried at Corsham Cemetery. Born at Bramley, Surrey, May 7th,
1864. Son of Rev. Henry Bolton Power, Vicar. He lived at Court Hill,
Potterne, 1923—26, when he moved to the Old Vicarage, Corsham, where
he died. He was promoted Rear-Admiral Dec. 1916, and early in 1917 filled
the new post of Admiral Director of Dockyards and Repairs in which he
did most valuable and strenuous service during the war. Promoted Vice-
Admiral 1920 and remained at the Admiralty until 1923. C.B. 1916,
C.V.O. 1917, K.C.B. 1921. Promoted Admiral retired 1925.
The Times had a long notice of his distinguished career, as also the
Wiltshire Gazette of January 27th, 1927.
Rev. Robert Baskerville Maurice, died January, 19927.
Buried at Preshute. Son of Dr. J. B. Maurice. of Marlborough. Educated
Lincoln Coll., Oxford. B.A. 1892, M.A. 1895 Deacon and Priest 1897
Cant. Curate of St. Peter in Thanet, 1897—98; Assistant Master Stone
House School, Broadstairs, 1895—1908; Curate of Bramshott, 1909—14 ;
Havant, 1914—15; Leatherhead, 1916—19. During the war he put his
great knowledge of mechanics at the service of the government at first as
mechanic and afterwards secretary and moving spirit of the Motor Loan
Committee for assisting fishermen to instal motor engines in their boats,
Obit. notice, Wiltshire Gazette, Jan. 27th, 1927.
_ Arthur Henry Cosford, died Jan. 25th, 1927, aged 44. Born at
_ Northampton. Served his articles on a local paper, and became district
_ reporter in the Fen district. Joined staff of Sheffield Daily Telegraph.
_ Became editor of Cambridge Chronicle, and Eueter Flying Post, and after-
_ wards the Rugby Observer. He then joined the staff of the Birmingham
Gazette until in 1921 he came to Swindon as editor manager of the Evening
| Advertiser and Swindon Advertiser and subsequently of the NV. Wilts
_ Herald as well.
| Obit. notice with portrait 1. Wilts Herald, Jan. 28th, 1927.
‘VOL, XLITI.—NO, CXLVI. P
bo
|
|
|
ry
560
WILTSHIRE BOOKS, PAMPHLETS, AND ARTICLES.
[N.B.—This list does not claim to be in any way exhaustive. The Editor
appeals to all authors and publishers of pamphlets, books, or views, in any
way connected with the county, to send him copies of their works, and to
editors of papers, and members of the Society generally, to send him copies
of articles, views, or portraits appearing in the newspapers. |
The Mystery of Wansdyke. Being the record of
research and investigation in the field by Albany
F. Major, OBE, FSA, and Edward J. Burrow,
F.R.G.S., with 112 drawings and 100 plans. Cheltenham: Ed. J.
Burrow & Co. 1926.
Ato., cloth, pp. viii + 200. 750 copies printed.
Mr. Burrow introduces this book in these words :—“ The lamented death |
of my collaborator and friend, Albany Major, F.S.A., during the final stages :
of the production of this book, throws upon me the sole responsibility for |
its completion and publication, without the aid of one whose life’s work is |
largely summed up by the records now finally recorded in ‘ The Mystery of |
Wansdyke.’” In 1925 the two collaborators together surveyed the whole |
course of the Dyke except a small portion of the eastern end, as wellasthe |
many ditches, banks, and earthworks, in its immediate neighbourhood, and |
these are all set out in large scale maps accompanying the plans reduced |
from the ordnance survey of the whole of its course, as well as that of the |
“Southern Branch” which Albany Major believed ran to Ludgershall |
Castle. Of this “ Southern Branch” Mr. Burrow says :—“ Following the |
plan which Albany Major had arranged with me, I have not only traced and |
illustrated the generally acknowledged course of Wansdyke from Portishead |
to Inkpen Beacon, but have also traversed the alleged southern branch, |
running, as he believed, from Burridge’ Heath, west of Great Bedwyn, to |
Ludgershall Castle, and have made drawings along this section, in places |
where Albany Major considered he saw visible evidence in favour of his | 4
theory. But I am bound to say, after careful investigation of the rather |
scanty sections of earthworks—quite unconnected and generally differing |
greatly in section and construction—that I am unable to substantiate the |
theory that this was a southern branch of Wansdyke at all. It is true that |
Wansdyke does continue a short distance southward from Burridge Heath |
. . . also that there is a quite imposing earthwork and ditch at Scots |—
Poor, but there seems no reason for connecting these earthworks, and in | —
any case, there are so many tracks and ditches and enclosures in the dis- |
trict concerned, that it would be totally impossible to decide which were |
Wiltshire books, Pamphlets, and Articles. 561
celated to Wansdyke and which were not. In fact any one of these earth-
works might be claimed as being a section of the dyke with equal reason-
ableness. . . . Mr. O.G.S. Crawford, who has carefully investigated
this matter has come to the same conclusion.” As to the dyke as a whole
Mr. Albany Major writes :—“ Archzologists who have dealt with Wans-
dyke have acted generally on the assumption that it is a single work
constructed at one time with one object. ‘They judge it by the enormous
size it attains in Wiltshire on the downs south of Avebury . . . or by
the best preserved and most imposing sections in Somerset. Where it has
disappeared they look for traces of something similar. My studies of the
work, however, have driven me to the conclusion that Wansdyke is a com-
posite work, made up of sections belonging to different periods and varying
in size and construction, which were subsequently linked together.” He
points out that in Wiltshire the ditch consists of three sections, that
coinciding with the Roman road at the western end, the great ditch running
from Morgans Hill to Savernake Forest where it is lost, and the slighter
work on the further side of the forest running to Inkpen Beacon. The
only important camp connected with the dyke is that of Chisbury. ‘‘ In
_ Somerset, however, Wansdyke, intead of consisting of a single bank and
ditch, serves rather as a connecting link between a series of camps and
minor earthworks.” ‘he large camps are Bathampton, Stantonbury, Maes
Knoll, and Ashton Park, and part of the line is “a continuous series of
earthwork enclosures and scarped lines through which it is difficult to trace
a definite line of dyke.” It is this Somerset portion of the supposed line of
the dyke, with the numerous earthworks and ditches near it which Mr.
Albany Major himself spent most time on, and most carefully and exactly
describes in this volume. The portion of the Wiltshire line from Bath to
Morgans Hill was left to Mr. Burrows to follow and describe.
As to the date and purpose of Wansdyke Mr. Albany Major says truly :—
*‘TIn the present state of our knowledge there is scarcely any ground upon
which theories can be built.” He, however, points out that the Wiltshire
part of the dyke seems intended to close the gap between the Kennet
branch of the Thames valley on the east and the Avon valley on the west
or the forest lands that bordered them, and that it was obviously intended
as a defence against attack from the north, if it was a defensive work at
all ‘There are at least two periods during the Roman occupation when
it might have been thought advisable to fortify the gap, the troublous years
A.D. 181—87, when both walls were lost for a time and a great part of the
country overrun, and the still more disastrous years A.D. 367—8, when
. . . raiders of the enemy penetrated as far south as Kent and to the
gates of London.” As to the Saxon theories of Major Godsal he says,
-* Major Godsal’s theory of the making of Wansdyke by Ceawlin (A.D. 556—
577) rests on the assumption that ‘‘ we know for certain that this region—
z.e., the whole of Dorsetshire and the greater part of Wiltshire and Somerset-
shire—was settled up by clans of Saxons between the battle of Beranbury
in A.D. 556 and the Battle of Deorham in 577.” There is no archzological
and not a scrap of any other evidence to support this assumption and a
great deal to be said against it. In the absence of evidence Major Godsal’s
2 Pee
562 Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles.
view must remain in the limbo of theories that rest on theory alone.” As to
the possibility of the dyke being thrown up by the Britons after the Romans.
had left, as a defence against the Saxons, he dismisses it because “ there
never was a time when all along the line of Wansdyke the Briton was on the
south and the Saxon was on the north.” But is it impossible that the reason
why Saxon cemeteries in Wiltshire have only occurred either in the extreme
north or the extreme south of the county and not at all on Salisbury Plain
and central Wilts, is that the Romano Britons of what was then a
densely populated district, held out against the Saxons almost throughout
the Pagan period, and that the danger was from the Saxon advance west-
wards by the Thames valley rather than from Old Sarum and the south ?
This might account for the defensive line towards the north.
But the work which Mr. Albany Major set himself to accomplish was not
to support this or that theory but to survey and describe the dyke from one
end to the other, and that work he accomplished so fully with the assistance
of Mr. Burrows’ excellent wash sketches of the present actual condition of
the dyke or its supposed line at 112 different points, that on that side of
the subject there can be little more to say, and this book must always
remain the chief authority upon it.
There are a number of appendices filling 70 pages with extracts fio the
most representative writers on Wansdyke, General Pitt Rivers, Sir R. C.
Hoare, the Rev. W. Phelps (Hist. and Antiquities of Somerset), Rev. Samuel
Meyer (Memoirs of Bristol), Will. Barrett, F.S.A. (Hest. and Antig. of the
City of Bristol), Rev. John Skinner (Memoir on Camalodunum, Chap. III.),
James Tunstall (Rambles about Bath and its Neighbourhood), and John
Rutter (Delineations of the N.W. Division of the County of Somerset).
There are also “Notes on Bokerley Dyke and Grims Ditch,” by E. J.
Burrows. A list of subscribers and an index complete the volume.
Studies in the Corallian Lamellibranch Fauna.
of Oxford, Berks, and Wilts. By W.J. Arkell, BA, |
B.Sc... F.G.S. Geological Mag., Vol. LXIIL., pp. 5834—55. December, |
1926. Four plates. |
This is a continuation from p. 210 of the same volume, of the authora
laborious work in disentangling and identifying the various species and
subspecies of oolitic fossils, in this case the Pectinide at present masquer-
ading under sometimes half-a-dozen or more different names in the works
of Continental and English Geologists. Specimens from Highworth,
Hilmarton, Calne, and Seend are mentioned.
A Wiltshire Parson and his Friends. The corres-
pondence of William Lisle Bowles, together with four
hitherto unidentified reviews by Coleridge, edited by Garland Greever-
London, Constable & Co., 1926, 10s. 6d. net.
Cloth 8vo. pp. xv. + 207. This book owes its existence to the discovery
by its editor as Sheldon Fellow of Harvard University, of the majority of |
the letters here printed in the Library of Pentre Mawr, near Abergele, |
N. Wales, where they were placed by the Poet’s niece Mrs. Jones-Bateman
Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles. 563
(Marianne Burlton). To these a number of letters from other sources have
been added. The volume begins with a sketch of ‘* The life of W. L. Bowles
1762—1850,” extending to only 11 pages, but the editor tells us that he
proposes to publish “a formal Biography,” when he has time to revise ‘‘ the
dissertation on Bowles which I prepared during my candidacy for the
Ph. D. degree at Harvard.”
Will. Thomas Bowles, father of the Wiltshire Parson, was Vicar of Uphill
and Brean (Som.) 1769 until his death in 1786, but he lived part of the year
at Shaftesbury, where his son attended School at Barton Hill House, and
for a short time had “a course of instruction at Strasbourg.” Elected
Scholar of Winchester College 1775, he remained there from 1776 to 1781,
and owed much to the influence of Joseph Warton, headmaster. He gained
a scholarship at Trinity College, Oxford, and the Chancellor’s Prize for
Latin verse, taking his B.A. degree in 1786 and M.A. in 1792. His first
publication, a volume of fourteen sonnets, suggested by his travels on the
Rhine and in Switzerland was published in 1789 and by 1805 had gone
through nine editions. In 1788 he was ordained to the curacy of East
Knoyle and lived with his widowed mother ina cottage at Donhead St.
Mary, still called “ Burltons.” In 1795 he became Rector of Cricklade,
and in 1797 Rector of Dumbleton, but still continued curate of Knoyle,
and in 1797 married Magdalen, daughter of his Rector, Dr. Charles Wake.
In 1804 he became Vicar of Bremhill until he resigned the living in 1845
shortly after the death of his wife, and retired to Salisbury where he
lingered on until his death April 7th, 1850. At Bremhill he became a con-
stant visitor at Bowood and on terms of intimacy with Crabbe at Trow-
bridge and Tom Moore at Sloperton Cottage. Of his character, after giving
one or two of the multitudinous stories of his eccentricities, Dr. Greever
sums up thus, ‘“‘ He knew many of the leading personages of his time and
while these men sometimes laughed at him a little, sometimes pitied him,
there can be no question that in nearly all cases they genuinely liked him.”
A chapter is devoted to his literary works. ‘“ Bowles produced a vast
amount of work in prose and verse. Much of it was frankly epheineral.
Of even the more ambitious works only two are remembered, and they but
dimly : the Sonnets and the criticisms relative to Pope. The irreparable
verdict of mankind has excluded Bowles from the list of great writers.
This does not mean, however, that he is without significance, He is one of
the transitional writers who bridged the chasm between two centuries and
two opposing movements in literature. As such he will always have an
interest for scholars. But he deserves far closer attention because he is
possibly the most conspicuous example of all time of the lesser poet who
has influenced men of consummate genius.” ‘“ Asa critic he does not rank
high, yet he had a large share in bringing about the reaction against Pope,
and in formulating the literary ideals of his generation.” “ Bowles as a
poet is chiefly notable as an influence. He affected Southey, Lamb, and
Wordsworth, and the impression made upon Coleridge is one of the marvels
of literature.” The next chapter deals with Bowles’ relations with Coleridge,
Charles Lamb, Wordsworth, Southey, Crabbe and Moore, Sheridan and
Rogers, the Lansdownes, Byron, and Caroline Bowles. The remainder
564 Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles.
of the book is taken up with letters from Bowles to the above, and to others,
and from them to him and to Mrs. Bowles, some bearing on literary
subjects, and some merely notes of invitation to Bowood, or short letters of
no special interest. Long notice in Wiltshire Gazette, Oct. 11th, 1926.
Incumbents of the Salisbury Churches during the
period of the Commonwealth. By the Rev. J. M. J.
Fletcher, F.R. Hist. S. Canon of Salisbury. 1926. Pamphlet 8vo.,
pp. 19. Reprinted from Salzsbury Times, September 24th, October Ist, 8th,
15th, 22nd, 29th, 1926.
This excellent series of papers contains accounts of John Conant, Incum-
bent of St. Thomas’ ; Stanley Gower, Rector of St. Martins’ ; William Eyre,
Minister of St. Thomas’ and St. Martin’s; William Troughton, Minister of
St. Martin’s ; John Strickland, Rector of St. Edmund’s ; and Faithful Tate
Minister of the Close. The chief events of the lives of each with a list of
their writings, if any, and any interesting facts connected with their
incumbencies are given. John Conant lived in the North Canonry in the
Close, from which Canon Osborne had been ejected. The House is thus
described in a M.S. survey of the Close in 1649, now in the Diocesan
Registry, ‘‘ This Howse hath for its entrance a Great Gate and conteyneth
a large Hall, a kitchen with a lowe Gallery, and a high Gallery about 80 foot
long and 9 foot broad, two larders, two woodhouses, a pantry waynescoted,
three cellers, two waynescoted Parlors, a Buttery, 12 Chambers, whereof 4
are waynescoted, eight other rooms besides Garretts, a Stable conteyneing
sixe Bays of building, two Gardens with an orchard conteyneing one Acre
all wch are worth per annum xviijli.” Another house in the Close described
in the same survey, is that in the N.W. corner, next door to the Choir
School, now occupied by Mrs. Webb. ‘“ One large Hall waynescoted about
10 foot high, two Butteryes, a Celler, a handsome Kitchen, a wash howse, a
Larder, a wood howse,a Bakehowse, two little Colehowses, over wch are, one
wide Roome with an earthen Floare, and a little Roome within the same, &
great decayed room anciently a Chappell and a little room within it, one
square lodging roome, and a little room within it. At the other end of the
Hall are two handsom large Parlors waynescoted about, one other little Parlor
with a Closet haveing a Chimney within it. ‘Two Chambers waynescoted
some eight foot high. Fowre little lodging Chambers. A large Studdy for
books and a little waynescoted Studdy within that, two Gardens, and a large
Orchard severed by a high stone wall, one plot of ground adjoyneing to the
sayd Orchard both wch contain per estim. one acre. One stable one hey
loft and a Coach Howse conteyneing five bayes of building all worth per
annum xvi li.”
St. Thomas a Becket, Box, a Fete, Rudloe House,
July 24th, 1926. Official Guide. Pamphlet 8vo.. pp. 32,
contains portrait of Rev. Geo. Forster, Vicar, and three process views of
the Church, exterior N.E., interior, and Hazelbury Chapel, also pp. 15—26
Historical Notes by A. Shaw Mellor. It is noted that the original dedica-
tion of the Church as late as 1373, is proved by-an inquisition held in that
Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles. 565
year, to have been the Assumption of the B.V.M. and not St. Thomas a
Becket. In 1646 there are entries in the registers of twenty people who died
of the plague between April 11th and June 13th of that year, and were all
buried near their own homes, and not in the churchyard, for fear of infection.
There are short notes on the Church. The Terrier of Vicarage property,
tithes, etc., in 1672 is printed at length. ‘The account of Phyllis Joy, who
in 1765 invented a story of having been bitten by a mad cat at S. Wraxall
is entertaining. The overseer at once commandeered a horse and man to
take her to Bristol to be “dipped in salt water there,” but this was not
what Phyllis wanted, and she excused herself. On this the overseer
became suspicious and detained her in custody, on which she confessed
that the marks of the bite on her leg were as a matter of fact made by
herself with a pin. There is also a note on the case of Walter Bushnell,
Vicar in 1656, and the true story (according to the Vicar) of the death of
John Thrift in the Church tower in 1646. Altogether an unusually useful
“ Programme.”
The first Civilisation of England. By W.J. Perry,
pp. 9—84, the opening essay in Hngland and the World, Essays arranged
and edited by F. S. Marvin, 1925. Large 8vo.
Avebury was of the Neolithic Age, Stonehenge of the Bronze Age.
Avebury was also the “ centre of life in England in those early days.” As
Hippisley Cox has shown in “ The Green Roads of England,” trackways
from all over England converge at Avebury. Avebury was the ceremonial
centre of all England. In the next age Stonehenge succeeded to its pre-
eminence. The Long Barrow and Megalithic people were men of Mediter-
anean stock who came from Spain and Portugal, and they came to seek tin
and lead, Whitby jet (which they took back with them to Spain) and gold,
and they set up stone circles in mining districts in Shropshire and Derby-
shire. Itis true that we have no evidence that Neolithic people knew any-
thing of metal implements, but thatis no proof that they had none, they could
not have built Avebury without them. The rock-cut tombs of Egypt were
the inspiration of Megalithic civilisation as a whole, and were the origin
of the Passage Dolmens. The Cretans were the great seafaring folk of the
time, and they exploited the countries of Western Europe for tin and other
products. ‘In the Bronze Age England was under the direct influence of
culture emanating from Crete and Egypt.” The segmented paste beads
found in the barrows are those of the 18th and 19th Dynasties of Egypt
and must have reached Spain and other western countries between 1600
and 1200 B.C. Moreover the amber disc with gold border found in the
Manton Barrow was precisely like one found at Knossos in Crete in a tomb
dating 1500—1400 B.C. ‘ This evidence coupled with that derived from
the beads and also from the chalk downs of the Wolds, is emphatic in
suggesting a strong influence from Crete during the period of the Bronze
Age about 1500 B.C., which corresponds with the 18th Dynasty in Egypt.
The evidence therefore suggests that the two main phases of early civili-
sation in England depended primarily for their inspiration upon Egypt of
the 12th and 18th Dynasties.”
566 Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles.
This is the argument of the article—but it is a large edifice to build on
the beads and the Manton disc. Afterall noone supposes that the presence
of Venetian beads in large numbers in Coomassie fifty years ago argued an
Italian origin for the “ civilisation ” of West Africa at that time.
The Saxon Conquest. In an article by R. G. Collingwood,
“ Britain and the Roman Empire,” in England and the World, Essays
arranged and edited by F. S. Marvin, 1926, the question of the Saxon con-
quest of Wiltshire is discussed. “It is impossible to believe that the
Romano-British population simply disappeared. . . . The only hypo-
thesis that seems credible, when all the archzological evidence is taken
together, is that there was a period during which two populations lived side
by side in England, a Celtic population, once Romanized, but now showing
hardly any traces of its old civilisation, and a population of English settlers.
In some districts these two populations dwelt in distinct regions, the
- British on the uplands and the English along the river banks. This was
certainly the case in Wessex, and very likely elsewhere.” As to the date of
Wansdyke it is suggested that it may have been thrown up by a West
Welsh confederacy resisting a West Saxon advance after the siege of Mons
Badonicus A.D. 516.
Warminster. The Story of St. Boniface College
(continued). St. Bonzface College at Home and Abroad. Michaelmas
Term, 1926, pp. 3—. :
Highworth and its Neighbourhood. A short
History and Guide. By H. R. Hopkins. Highworth.
Printed by R. W. Saunders, Vorda Press, 1926. Pamphlet, cr. 8vo., pp. 17.
Price 6d. Three poor photographs of the now destroyed Tithe Barn. This
small pamphlet has a useful note on the birds of the neighbourhood by Mr,
O. Arkell, a very slight historical sketch, some notes on the Church,
Church plate, etc, village industries, and other matters, rather indis-
criminately strung together. The annual schedule of children’s games for
the first six months of the year :—January, hoops; February, marbles and
buttons ; March, tops; April, skipping ; May, rounders; June, hopscotch ;
appears to be immutable. Another interesting note is that of a drinking
cup of horn, one of a set presented to the ringers in 1790.
Great Bedwyn and its Memorials. By W. Maurice
Adams. Printed in Marlborough Times, June 5th, 1925, to February
5th, 1926. Thisis chiefly an account of the Church and more particularly of
the many monuments and monumental inscriptions it contains. These
latter are in most cases given in full, together with some account of the per-
sons whom they commemorate and their genealogical connections with the
Seymour family. Ina good many cases this information is condensed from
that already given by the author in “ Wulfhall Memories.” There are
many references to, and extracts from, the parish registers.
Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles, 567
East Grafton. Moreitems oflocal history. By W.
Maurice Adams. Printedin Marlborough Times, Feb. 12th to April
2nd, 1926. Contains a good deal of information on the history of that parish
formed out of Great Bedwyn in 1844, and the building of the Church there in
1842—43, its consecration in 1844, and the successive Vicars who have held
the living from that time to this, together with the monumental inscriptions
in the Church, and notes on various parishioners, especially members of the
Cave-Browneand Selfe families, and the successive tenants of the Manor and
Green Farms. Various interesting jottings are given. ‘The spot where the
Pax was found in the hedge of ‘‘ Chapel Meadow,” the ‘‘ Old Farm ” build-
ings now destroyed, “ Great and Little Alleys,” “Stubbed Park,” “ Pills
Pond.” “The Timber Yard,” “The small chapel formed at Wexcombe,”
‘* Pyper’s Barn,” “ Batt’s Farm,” &c., all come in for mention, together with
interesting legends such as that of Mr. Thomas Hayward’s money, which
consisting entirely of sovereigns, took a waggon and four horses to convey
it from one bank to another.
‘‘“At Edington.” Short anonymous article on Church and
Monastery in Bristol Diocesan Review, September, 1925.
St. Thomas’s Bridge and Harnham Bridge, Salis-
bury. A short note on the bridges by Miss M. K. Swayne Edwards, with
a good process view of the former. Waltshire Times, October 30th, 1926.
Avon India Rubber Company. Its small begin-
nings and early vicissitudes. By Major R. F. Fuller, manag-
ing director. Wiltshire Gazette, Oct. 14th. 1926. Started in 1886 as a
private partnership entitled Browne & Margetson at Limpley Stoke, it was
removed to what was formerly a cloth factory at Melksham, and in 1890 be-
came a private limited company, employing twenty men. In 1897 Mr.
George Fuller placed the business on a sound financial footing and Mr. R.
F. Fuller became assistant to the managing director, and in 1898 took over —
the management with Mr. Swanborough. The new chimney was built in
1903. The number of hands in 1895 was forty.
Salisbury. By Peregrinus. Guardian, Feb. 12th, 1926, one
of a series of articles on “ English Cathedral Cities.” Process view of
Cathedral Spire from the Palace Gardens. The writer dwells on the evils
wrought by Wyatt’s destructions in the interior, and the resulting ‘* bleak
correctness ” (a happy description) of its present state. ‘ Few cathedrals to
my mind more need the gold and bright colours which were the ornament
of a medieval cathedral : I dislike the gaspipe effect of the Purbeck marble
columns. and the whole atmosphere of cold and grey remoteness is out of
keeping with the feeling of the building.” Discussing the claims of the
post-reformation Bishops to fame, ‘‘ Peregrinus ” sets Bishop John Words-
worth in the front rank. ‘I should be inclined myself to say that the late
John Wordsworth was a greater man, and a better theologian, and a more
568 Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles.
representative Anglican than either the author of the Apology (Jewell) or
the author of the Hustory of our own Times (Gilbert Burnet).” The writer
finds larger congregations at the Sunday services and “less good music”
than in any other cathedral visited.
Salisbury, South Wilts, and Blackmore Museum.
Annual Report for 1925—1926.
The outstanding features of this report are all of them due to the gener-
—osity of Mr. William Wyndham, of Orchard Wyndham. His donations
towards the new gallery to be called by hisname amount now to £2,600 with
£400 additional for cases, and it is hoped that this addition, which will give
50% more space to the museum, will be completed next year. In addition
Mr. Wyndham has given £100 to the Lecture Theatre, £100 to the Life
Members’ Endowment Fund, and £1060 in addition to a previous donation
of £800 to form a permanent Specimen Fund. With this most substantial
help the re-casing and arrangement of the fine bird collection has been
carried forward another stage. It is noted also that the late Mr. Henry
Gregory who had been Hon. Curator of Entomology for many years has
left the whole of his own extensive Entomological collections to the Museum.
Thus the activities of the Salisbury Museum during the year have been
distinctly on the side of natural history.
Heytesbury House. Catalogue of the contents of
the Mansion. English Furniture, Pictures, Plate, Porcelain, Library,
&c. Hampton & Sons, by order of the Exors. of Margaret Lady Heytesbury,
deceased. Sale on April 27th, 1926, and four following days. 4to., 6 plates,
pp. 124.
Downland Man. By H. J. Massingham. With an
introduction by Professor G., ‘Eliot Smith. Jonathan
Cape. 1926.
8vo., pp. 422, 51 illustrations of which 25 concern Wiltshire, and three
maps, of which one shows the Megalithic environment of Avebury. Of the
Wiltshire illustrations several are reproductions of Hoare’s plates, but there
are in addition good photographs of a Stonehenge trilithon, West Kennet |
Long Barrow, Pit Dwellings on Martinsell Hill, Adam’s Grave, Giant's Grave |
on Martinsell, White Barrow and Silver Barrow at Tilshead, Terraces at
Battlesbury, and of Cley Hill, Bratton Castle Ramparts and Long Barrow,
Foreground and Rampart of Battlesbury, Old Sarum, and Junipers on
Yarnbury rampart. |
The whole of the first part of the book deals chiefly with prehistoric |
Wiltshire, with Avebury, Silbury, the Long and the Round Barrows and |
the Camps, and its general attitude can be judged from the following ex-
tract :—‘‘ Trust your eyes, take no books on your journey, and you cannot
fail to be struck by the extraordinary resemblance between the more
massive hill top camps . . . with the Avebury vallum (szc.).
I am certain that if any of my readers were to spend a fortnight’s holiday 4
Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles. 569
getting his eye in with the greater earthworks (and a grander holiday does
not exist) he or she would settle the shortsighted fumbling dubieties of
professional archzology over this problem for ever. ‘Trust to archeology
alone and you are lost in inextricable confusion ; trust to your own proper
sense of values and it will not fail you. The esthetic insight common tous
all, however overlaid by meaner things, is no useless drawing-room faculty
here, it is of practical service and will enable you to decipher the story of
* prehistoric’ England, where the study of books alone will give you noth-
ing but mental dyspepsia.” ‘This quotation gives a fair idea of the writer’s
standpoint. From the first page to the last he never loses an opportunity
of pouring contempt on what he calls ‘‘ orthodox archeology.” Hoare finds
favour in his eyes, but he would scrap the whole of the archeological work
done in Wiltshire since his days, asa mere blind leading of the blind. The
man in the street is above all things to abjure “ the books” and to use his
own “common sense’’ as his only guide. He will then at once perceive
that the ‘‘ orthodox” division of prehistory into the Neolithic, the Bronze,
and the Early Iron Ages have no foundation in fact but is a fond thing
vainly invented by “the archeologists,” and that the lamp of truth
is in the sole keeping of the “ London University School,” and of Messrs,
Eliot Smith, Perry, and Rivers. Of these prophets the two first are quoted
on every other page. Everything has to be made to fit in with the great
discovery by these writers of the “archaic civilisation” which taking its
rise in the valley of the Nile spread in the Neolithic period practically over
the whole world, carrying with it the knowledge of metals, the cultivation
of corn, and the practice of megalithic building. This was the golden age
of the world. Egypt handed on the torch to Crete, and Crete to Spain,
and Spain to Britain. The segmented imitation Egyptian paste beads in
Devizes Museum are proofs, not of trade with Egypt, but of the settlement
in Britain—the peaceful settlement—of colonists from Spain bringing the
arts of Egypt with them, building Avebury as the religious and commercial
capital of Britain, laying out the trackways to Dorset, to Mendip, to Devon
and Cornwall, to the Cotswolds and Oxfordshire, and further north to
Derbyshire, each and all of them mining districts, tin and copper in Devon
and Cornwall, shale (for bracelets and beads) in Dorset, lead in Mendip and
Derbyshire, ochre in the Cotswolds, and iron in Oxfordshire. 1t was for
the sake of the metals that the Neolithic people came here, It is true that
we have no evidence that they knew anything of metals except gold, no
iron, or lead, or, until the dawn of the Bronze Age, copper, but that is easily
accounted for—they set such value on these “‘ life givers” that they exported
the whole of the produce of their mines and kept none for themselves. That
is the explanation of the absence of metal objects in the Long Barrows. ‘lo
carry on these immense mining operations a great population had to be
maintained, and the food to support them was grown on the Wiltshire
Downs and on the other chalk districts of England, largely apparently on
the lynchets of the hillsides, which were obviously formed for this purpose,
whilst the grain when it was harvested was stored in the great so-called
camps which were not designed as places of defence in war, for there was
no such thing as war in those happy days (Neolithic arrowheads were really
570 Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles.
only made for ornament and ceremonial use), but as granaries which had a
certain element of sacredness about them, and were therefore surrounded
by their great ditches and ramparts, as Avebury is by its ditch. To any-
one who looks at the great line of camps from Warminster to Wylye, |
Bratton, Battlesbury, Scratchbury, and Yarnbury it should be obvious — i
that they were placed there as granaries to supply the miners of Mendip!
The writer sums up his idea of the earthworks (the great camps) thus :—
“The conception of the earthwork, then, was religious, and building in
. earth was a substitute for building in stone. I have also noted certain
secondary uses for it, which as time went on, no doubt absorbed and
supplanted the primary one. The earthworks were stations of communica-
tion and connecting links between groups of megaliths and mining and
dwelling centres ; they were closely inter-related with the terraces, barrows,
and trackways; they were the shelters, resorts, summer residences,
sanctuaries, both of agricultural and industrial districts, they were the habit
of civilised hill peoples who in India and Spain, on the Zambesi, and the
Wiltshire Downs lived their lives and wrote their histories upon high
places.” But why these prodigious defences if there were no war and no
enemy to defend yourself from? There seems to be no explanation of this.
The picture is of a sort of garden of Eden, until the Celts, the villains of
the story, appeared somewhere about the middle of the Bronze Age, B.C.
1000, when the bronze dagger had grown into the sword and the spearhead
first appears. From this moment war began, the Fall of Man resulted from |
it, and the “ archaic civilisation ” degenerated into the savagery of the later _
Bronze and early Iron Ages. And this is what happened all over the world.
Yet the whole body of modern scientific Archzologists, Anthropologists,
and Ethnologists, are, the writer sadly acknowledges, still wedded to the
‘* Darwinian ” doctrine of social progress, and of the gradual evolution of
human society from the lower to the higher stages, which as he holds is the
exact contradiction of the truth.
The writer seems to have walked over much of the Wiltshire ground and
to have a keen sense of the charm of the downs, the scenery, the birds, and |
the flowers, but of the details of Wiltshire Archeology he seems to have |
but slight knowledge. The stones of the outer circle of Stonehenge were |
placed “close together” he says. The vallum at Avebury, he asserts, |
stands 80ft. or 100ft. above the floor of the ditch, whereas its real perpen- |
dicular height is about 40ft. ‘‘Sarsen,” is it appears the name for all |
megaliths. The chambered long barrows he notes rightly are all round
Avebury or on the Berkshire Downs, and he adds “ This circumstance has
nothing to do with the abundance of Sarsen stones on the Marlborough
Downs since there are just as many or almost as many in the Stonehenge
area.’ Can anything be more contrary to the facts than this ? |
The lead mines of Mendip are pointed to as one of the principal induce-
ments which brought ‘‘ the children of the Sun’’ to Wiltshire and led to |
the building of Avebury in the Neolithic Age, and much is made of the
great population which must then have been at work on Mendip. He has |
not one particle of evidence that lead was ever mined at all in Britain in
Neolithic times, and still less that iron was either known or mined, yet this
|
|
|
|
|
{
Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles. 571
is cheerfully assumed and lead and copper and gold and iron mines are
declared to be the chief object which attracted the Iberian or Migean colonists
to our shores. Stone circles and long barrows always, he says, mark mining
districts, Avebury is the centre of a “ Flint mining,” Rollright of an Iron
mining district. Silbury is a pyramid, a royal tomb, and is Neolithic as
Avebury is, he decides, and this seems to strike him as a most happy dis-
covery, never guessed at by anyone before. fle is never tired of girding at
the division into Neolithic and Bronze periods, they were both the same
period, and so far from the Bronze being an advance on the Neolithic ; it
was a period of decadence. The Neolithic was the Real Golden Age, when
civilisation came ready-made from Egypt, with a knowledge of agriculture
and all the metals! His main contention is that this period of Neolithic
civilisation did not begin until about 2000 or 1800 B.C., when the Megalithic
builders arrived from Spain, having already established themselves there as
colonists from Crete or the mainland of the Aigean, that they were the builders
of the Chambered Long Barrows, whose plan closely resembles that of the
rock-cut tombs of Spain, which he argues were themselves derived from the
tombs of the 12th Dynasty in Egypt. ‘l'rade routes he will have nothing to
do with because archeologists believe in them, but at the same time he
states that flints and bronze implements were collected along the south
coast to be exported from convenient harbours. He makes great play with
the evidence of the overlapping of the Neolithic and Bronze Ages as
destructive of the theories of modern Archeology, as though the fact was
ever denied by anyone who knows anything on the subject. As to the
great camps there is nothing whatever to show that they are of Neolithic
age, and the result of such excavations as have been made of recent years
points rather to the Early Iron Age as the period of their construction,
whilst lesser earthworks like Knapp Hill and Windmill Hill, which seem to
be really of Neolithic date, are of an entirely different plan and construction,
Is there anything then in the “ Diffusionist ” theory which, in spite of the
extravagance with which it is set forth in this book, seems of possible value
for the “ Orthodox Archeologist”? Just this, perhaps, that the Megalithic
builders may have reached Britain from Spain, and that they had come to
Spain from the Augean, from Crete, and originally from Egypt.
572
ADDITIONS TO MUSEUM AND LIBRARY.
Museum.
_ Presented by Dr. R. C. C. Cray: Objects from Early Iron Age Pits at
Swallowcliffe—antler comb, minute pottery cup (?), bone
objects, needle, &c., fragments of bronze armlets (1), blue
glass bead.
,. PRoFESsOR FLINDERS PETRiz through Mr. A. D. PassMoRE :
Certain worked flints and fragments of deer horn, &c.,
found during the excavations in Silbury Hill in 1922.
Mr. W. E. V. Youne, of Ebbesbourne Wake: Fine oval-
shaped “ knife” of white flint, surface and edges partially
ground. 4in. X 24in. Found on ploughed ground near
the “The Old King Barrows,” Amesbury.
Capt. ANTHONY SpiceR: Fabricator of white flint ; arrow-
head of grey flint, long and narrow, of the single winged
or one barbed type, length 2in.; very small scraper of
grey flint, 3in. x din. ; ‘‘ Knife” of grey flint. All found
at Spye Park, but the grey and white flints not on the
same site. i
Mr. A. SHaw MELLoR: Objects found under the floor of Box |
School. Child's thimble and small paper knife of bone or {
ivory ; japanned iron match box; an eight-sided ivory? |
teetotum or top for playing games, with T.P.H.D.A.E.
9 roughly scratched on the facets with one left blank, |
diam. 1gin. [On original four-sided tops P signifies “put |
down,” H.=“ half,” ‘T.=“ take all.”
99 99
99 39
99 99
Library.
Presented by THE AuTHorR, CaNoN FLETCHER : “ Incumbents of the Salis- |
bury Churches during the period of the Commonwealth,” |
1926. |
» Mr. A. SHaw Mettor: ‘St. Thomas a Becket, Box. Féte, |
July 24th, 1926. Official guide. [Contains much local |
information. }
» LHE MARL OF KERRY: Deed. Ld. Seymour of Trowbridge, |
lands there 1653. .
» THE AuTHoR, Mrs. Ernet M. Ricnarpson: “ Next Door |
Neighbours.” 1926.
Additions to Musewm and Library. 573
Presented by THE AutTHor, Dr. R. C. C. Cray, F.S.A.: ‘A Gun-flint
99
49
99
Factory in S. Wilts” (from Antiquartes Journal). “A
Flint Factory site at Little Somborne, Hants(from Proc.
Prehistoric Society of HE. Anglia).
Miss DARTNELL: Amesbury Deanery Magazine. 1926,
THe AutHor, Mr. W. J. ARKELL, F.G.S.: “Studies in the
Corallian Lamellibranch Fauna of Oxford, Berks, and
Wilts. Geolog. Mag., Dec., 1926.
THe Auraor, Rev. H.G. O. Kenna: “ Koliths from Bray-
don and elsewhere.” 1926. From Proc. Cottswold Nat.
Field Club.
THe Autuor, Mrs. H. R. Hopkins: “ Highworth and its
Neighbourhood.” Pamphlet. 1926.
Capt. B. H. Cunnineton : “ The British Museum Quarterly,”
1926; ‘‘ Devizes Almanack,” 1776; ‘The Mystery of
Wansdyke,” by E. J. Burrow, 1926; Wiltshire Pamphlets.
Mr. J. J. SuapE: “A few memoranda of the Social Book
Club meeting at Devizes, from 1824 to 1854.” ‘‘ History
of the Dauntsey Charity showing how the Charity Com-
missioners and the City Companies rob the poor,’ by W.
Saunders ; “ Adventures of Mr. Obadiah and Mrs. Tabitha
Truelove”; “ Articles of Association of the Devizes
Grammar School Company,” 1859; “ Devizes Almanack,”
1778; “The Dauntsey Charity, Charity Commissioners’
scheme, and West Lavington Dauntsey Charity Com-
mittee’s counter scheme.”
THe CompiLerR, Rev. E. H. Gopparp: “ A Bibliographical
Catalogue of Printed Materials for the History of Wilt-
shire—arranged under parishes.” Typed and bound, five
volumes, 4ito. ; “ Life of Bishop John Wordsworth,” 1915.
Mrs. Buxton: A number of old deeds and papers connected
with T'ockenham, Brinkworth, Hilmarton, &c.
Tue AutHor, Mr. W. Maurice Apams: “Great Bedwyn
and its Memorials” and “ East Grafton.” Articles from
the Marlborough Times, 1925 and 1926, mounted and
bound.
Dr. C. Cunnincton: Almanack for 1776 by Evan Thomas,
astronomer in Devizes. Harrison’s (of Devizes) Amusing
Picture and Poetry Book.
Mr. Epwarp Cowarp: Deed with Great Seal of England
appointing Jonathan Waterman to the livings of Bishops
Cannings and Codford St. Mary and as private chaplain
to the Duke of Kent.
574
INDEX TO VOL. XLIIL
[June, 1925, No. 142, to June, 1927, No. 146 |
Abercromby on Drinking Cups,
267, 268.
Abergele, 562. —
_ Abingdon, 456.
Abor expedition, 108.
Abu Klea battle, 224.
Abury, John & Will., 424,
Acanthinula, species, 325.
Acelina, gravestone, 345.
Acland, R. D., writings, 243.
Adam’s Grave, Long Barrow, illust.,
568 ; scheduled, 176.
Adams, W. M., writings and gifts,
566. 573.
Adamson, Mrs., 289.
Adder, 135.
Adderbury (Oxon), Cobb benefac-
tion, 411, 412. Church, Cobb
monument from, at Corsham,
128. Rectory, deed granting
lease, 415. Manor, 412.
Addison, W., writings, 498. W.
G., writings, 501.
Adeney, Dr., 94.
Adlam, Thomas, 340. Will, 516.
Advisory Committee for Churches
formed, 42. Work of, 103, 219.
Ady, Jonas, 173.
Adye, Edw., 287, 288, 305. Thos.
(I. & II.), 292, 303. Will., 287,
288, 409.
Alla, lays plan of Saxon Conquest,
368 - 371.
Afton Down (Hants), cin. urn., 323.
Agriculture, Ancient British, by
EK. A. Rawlence, noticed, 501; -
Corn stored in pits,129. Celtic
system, introduction of, 129;
Compared with Saxon, 129.
‘* Chalking” or ** Marling,” 501.
Common field system in
S. Wilts, 451. Cows and
sheep, number of on manor, 450.
“Custom” of the Manor,
450; See also Bremhill and Cal-
stone. Dairy Farming, new
system, 379. Effect of Black
Death, 501. Furlongs or Lyn-
chets, defined, 193. Neolithic,
Bronze, and Early Iron Age, 129.
New methods in 18th cent.,
Open fields method, 192.
Open-air milk farm, 501,
Ridge and furrow in grass.
lands, origin, 193. Saxon and
medieval strip lynchets, 129,
450. Three field system, 450,
451. Yard land defined, 450.
Ailesbury, I.d., 333, 454.
Air Photography, importance of,
42 30e “Air Survey and
Archeology,” by O. G. S. Craw-
_ford, noticed, 128—130. Air
photo of Stonehenge avenue, 364.
Aland, Ch., 298, 306.
Albemarle, Karl of, 357.
Aldbourne, barrows scheduled,178.
. Bell Fouudry, 527.
Church, acct. of, noticed, 248,
ATT.
193.
252; Dedication altered, 248 ;
Restoration, 248. Church-
warden’s accounts, 248. Great
Grey Shrike, 135. Horse
bells made, 509. Tron sickles
and Knife, 384. Manor and
Chase, 113. Plants 231,
Snap, A.S. charter? 125.
Warren Farm barrows opened,
270 White field Hill, glazed
flints, 344; Pottery, 348, See
also Upham.
Alderslade, Mr., 376.
Alderton, art. noticed, 382.
Alderswick, Rich., 408.
Aldhelm, St., 241, 373.
Alesope, Hen. & Steph., 304.
Alexander, J, 37; Will, 301, 302.
Alford, Will., 424, 425.
Alfred of Marlborough, 496.
Alien Priories, defined, 126.
Alisma, species, 135.
All Cannings Cross, Early Iron Age
Settlement,510; Animals’ bones,
91; Bird bones, 81; Bone gouges,
75, 76; Dog, 487; Grooved
metatarsal bones, 78 ; Polled Ox
bones, 91. Bronze Imple-
ments, 50, 351. Clay balls, 86,
Excavations, plans, d&c., given,
384, Iron pins, 82. Pottery,
»
|
|
|
|
|
INDEX TO VOL. XLIII.
71—74, 180, 189, 320.
Querns, 88.
All Cannings Down, earthworks
scheduled, 176. Nicholas es-
Saddle
tate maps, 384. See also
Rybury.
Allen, James, 430.
Allington, 299, Down, see Ave-
bury.
Almshouses, see Calne, Wantage.
Alresford (Essex), cin. urns., 323.
Altar Cloth, Kington Priory, 19.
Alton, 232.
Alton Magna, human skull, 140,
350. Red Deer Antler, 140,
350.
Alton Priors Geology, 367. See
also Adam’s Grave; Knap Hill
Camp.
Alvediston, A.S. Charter, 124.
Barrows on Middle Hill,
by R. C. C. Clay, figs. 432
—439. Covered way, date
of, 437. Dew pond, 324.
Disc barrow, Gallows Hill, R. C.
C. Clay on, 324. Saxon skull,
Sir A. Keith on, 437—439.
Amanita fungus, 1483—145, 152—
155. Derivation, 154. Edible
species, 154. Poisonous species,
152—155, 466, 476.
Amanitopsis species, 144, 466.
Amber beads, Amesbury, 272; Win-
terslow, 336; with drinking
cups, 269. Disc like Cretan
work, 565.
Amesbury, Abbey Church, contro-
versy as to site of, art. noticed,
133, 134; Excavations, site of
monastic buildings, 134, 505;
House (modern) alterations, 505 ;
Belgian Nuns at, 505 ; Legends,
505 ; Princess Mary at, 514; Av-
enues in Park planted, 505.
Barrows, Old King Barrows, 572;
Opened, acct. of, 270—272, 350,
351; Scheduled, 177—179.
Bone comb with skeleton, 350.
. Bronze implements, 40, 270
—272, 323, 350, 351.
Church, Antrobus burial
ground, 135; Carter’s scheme of
restoration, art. on, noticed, 134 ;
Dedication to St. Melor, 134;
Monastic ? 134, 505; Porch at
S.W., Picture of, 135; Screen
restored, 134; visited, 45.
VOL. XLIII.—NO, CXLVI.
575
Deanery Magazine, 141, 384, 573.
Field Names, 505. Flint
implements, 40; Oval flint knife,
Die ‘Historic and Pre-
historic,’ by J. Soul, noticed,
505. Incense Cup, 40.
** Lord’s Walk,” derivation, 505.
Poet Gay at, 250. Quails,
250; Sheep, 459. Vicarage,
old, destroyed, 134. Wilts
Arch. Soc. Meeting, 133.
Amesbury, Earls, and Priors, de-
scent of Manors, 505.
Amesbury, West, Stonehenge Av-
enue, 42.
Amport (Hants), 421, 422, 426.
Anchusa, species, 135.
Ancient Monuments in Wilt-
shire, complete list of those
scheduled, 1925,175—179.
Provisions of the Act, 1913,
175.
Andover, 207, 236, 426, 456, 459.
Wansdyke does not run to, 123.
Andrena, species, 496.
Andrew, W. J., on Breamore ins
scription, 380.
Andrewes, Bp. Lancelot, 222.
Andrews & “Dury’s” Map of
Wilts, errors, 289.
A Neve, John, 347.
Anemone, parasite on, 476.
Angers, Abbey of St. Nicholas,
English possessions, 126.
Angle, Jane, 531.
Anglo-Saxon Conquest, organised
plan, migration of whole nation,
368— 371.
Animals, bones, Badger, 90, 486.
Dog, Early Iron Age, 51,69.
487, Horse, 69. Pigh ol;
Tusk used as amulet, 78. Ox,
Bos longifrons, Figsbury, 51, 69 ;
Bones split, 486; Skulls under
infants’ skeletons, 271. Otter,
Slaughterford, 486. Red Deer,
90, 140, 350 ; Antlers in barrows,
278, 282; not hunted in Early
Iron Age, 80. Roe Deer, 90.
Sheep, Early Iron Age, 51,
69.
Anketell, Mr., 287.
Anstie, Will. Hen. (I. & IT.), 357.
Ansty Barrow, cin. urn, 321,
La Tene I. Site, 59. Pits and
ditches, 62. See also White-
sheet, Hill.
7s (8)
576 INDEX TO VOL. XLIII.
Antrobus, Sir Cosmo, 505. Sir
Edmund (L., II., III.), 134, 505.
Ap Llewellyn, A. 'T., 137.
Ap. Rice, John, 19.
Apperley, Esther, d. Col. Will.
Wynne, 104.
Apprentices in 18th cent., 244,
Apshull, Great and West, 291, 292.
Arbor Low Circle, ditch, 363; Se-
pulchral, 365.
. Archaic civilisation, ‘* Diffusion ”
theory, 571. Destroyed by
Bronze Age Celts, 570.
Archer, Geo. John, 416, 417.
Archery Club, S. W.,-104.
Architecture, Saxon Churches in
Wilts, 228—231.
Arion species, 90, 100, 325, 434.
Arkell, J. O. A., gifts, 40; on
birds, 566. W. J., writings
and gifts, 247, 251, 500, 509, 573 ;
Studies in Corallian Lamelli-
branch fauna of Wilts, d&c.,
noticed, 562.
Armillaria, species, 465.
Armstrong, A. L., 87 ; excavations,
320.
Arnold Forster, Hugh O. & Mary,
304
Arnside (Westm), 105.
Arras (Yorks), glass bead, 88, 89.
Arreton (JI. of W.), 107.
Arrhenatherium, species, 476.
Arthur, Col. Sir Fred, 114.
Arundel, David, 357 ; Eliz., cen-
tenarian, 357.
Ascomycetes, 474,
Ashe, nr. Overton, 458.
Ashe, Eliz., 401; Hen., 337 ; Hugh,
402 ; John, 427.
Ashford (Middx.), cin. urn, 323,
324.
Ashfordby Trenchard, Ellen, d. of
J.T. Cs, 104:
Ashley, 173.
Ashley Rails (Hants), Rom. pot-
tery, 132.
Ashmolean Museum, Wilts objects,
50, 282, 320.
Ashmore Down, see Donhead St.
Mary.
Ashton Court (Som.), 497.
Ashton Keynes, art. on, noticed,
502. Bronze palstave, 350, 385.
Church, illust., 502.
Cross, illust., 502.
Notes,
113.
Ashton Park (Som.) Camp, 561.
Ashton,West,102. A.S. Charter,
125. Inhabitants concerned
in murder of Bishop Ayscough,
347, 348.
Assenton, P. L., 428.
Aston, Maj.-Gen. Sir G., writings,
245, 503.
Astrosporina, species, 148.
Atkins, E. M., on Saxon barrow,
437. Leonard, 295.
Atkinson, Will., 174.
Atworth [Atford] Common en-
closed, 409.
Aubrey, John, 2, 20, 250 ; Memorial
Window at Kington St. Michael,
443; Model for John Inglesant,
375 ; Portrait, 376; Ter-centen-
ary, arts. noticed, 375, 376.
Auctioneers’ Institute, 1914, 109.
Augustine, St, meeting with
Britons, 380.
Ault, Herbert, obit. notice, 110.
Auncell, John, deed, 347, 348.
Auricularia, species, 472.
Australians War Badge on Down,
Codford, 242.
Auxford, Buckley, 420.
Avebury, 247, 507. Art. on,
noticed, 498. Allington Down
Stone Circle scheduled, 1'79.
Barrows scheduled, 178.
Built by Egyptians, 138. Cap-
ital of England and centre of
trackways, 565, 569. Church,
Saxon clerestory windows,
? Chamber over nave, 228, 231;
Note on, 139; Rood loft, sockets
for lights, 337. Circles sepul-
chral (4), 364, 365 ; Scheduled,
179; Ditch, 363; Ditch exca-
vated, objects found, 272, 441 ;
Flint saw and arrowhead found
under vallum, 385; Plans, 138.
Drinking cups found in
barrows, &c., described, 272, 273.
Earthwork scheduled, |76.
Flint mining, 571. Gen-
ealogical notes, 113.
Avenue, 363; New stone exca-
vated by A. D. Passmore, 341—
343 (fig.). Longstone Cove,
fall of stone, 272.
Long Barrow scheduled, 177.
Manor House, note on, 139.
Megalithic environment, map,
568. Neolithic date of, 565. |
Kennet |
Longstone |
INDEX TO VOL. XLIII. 577
Overton Hill Barrow, 273.
Pennings Circle scheduled, 179.
Red Lion Inn, scene of
‘* Patricia Ellen,” 142, 245.
Sarsens, 507. Vallum, height
of, 570.
Windmill Hill Barrows and Ditch
scheduled, 176, 178; Bought by
A. Keiller, 42, 215; Ditch ex-
cavated by H. G..O. Kendall and
A. Keiller, 140, 214, 215, 363,
442; Drinking cup fragments
found, 273; Flint implements,
40, 158, 161,
Avebury Deanery, Cannings por-
tion, Church inventory, 114.
Avery, Thos. & Will., 421.
Avon River, 1. Somerford, 125.
Woodford, 245, 503.
Avon and Bourne Militia, 1809, 337.
Awdry, Ambrose buys Woolmore,
375, Charles restores Wool-
more, 375. K. M., hospitality,
&c., 443, 446. John & Joan,
347/65), Miss M. R., gifts, 510.
Col. R. W. on Woolmore
House, 499.
Axford, Will., 422
Aylewyn, Rich., 347.
Ayliffe, Jos., 308.
Ayscough, Bp. Will., Deed by exors.
of, 347, 348. West Ashton
men concerned in his death, 347,
348,
Badbury, A.S. Charter, Dorterne
Brok, 124. Kingsdown (Dors.)
barrow, cin. urn, 318.
Baddeley, W. St. C., acts as guide,
216—220 ; on Cirencester, 217.
Badminton Hounds, 379.
Bagber (Dors.), cin. urn, 323.
Bagshot Sands, N. Wilts, 367.
Bailey, Ch., 409, 410. Rob., 421.
Thos.,503. Will., 403, 429,
430.
Bailward, Mrs., 407.
Anne Maria, 408.
Baily, Caleb, James, & Mary, 404.
Thos., 414. Will, 408
Baker, Ch., deed, 424. Eliz.,
424, John, 481 ; gives relics
to Kington, 18. Mary Ann,
424, Miss, gift, 385, 441, 510.
Dr. Stanley, 240. Thos.,
402. T. H., copies mon. in-
scriptions, 441,510; Gift in his
memory, 385.
Sam. &
Balbirnie (Fife), 357.
Balden family, 536. Anth., 340,
341. See also Baldwine.
Baldwin, Mr., 506.
Baldwin Brown, A.S. architecture,
noticed, 228—231.
Baldwine, Anth., 340.
Balfour, Gen., 357.
Ball, Edm., 308.
Balls of baked clay, 86.
Bamfield, Rich., 427.
Bampton (Oxon.), folk songs, 250.
Banbury (Oxon.), 414.
Banfield of Hardington, ped., 27,
Bangalore, 246.
Bankop (S. Africa), 248,
Banks, James, 415.
Bannerdown, 369.
Banning, Col. S. T., ‘gifts, 41.
Banny, Joan, 409.
Bapton (Fisherton de la Mere),
British coin, 140.
Barbury, 231. Battle of, 370.
Bardney Abbey, 510.
Barford St. Martin, geology, 156.
Barnes, Geo., 426. Kog., 408.
Thos., 407.
Barnestey, Ch. & Nich., 411.
Barnett, Clem., 481, 482.
Barns, see Bradenstoke, Bradford,
Tisbury, Wulfhall.
Barrett, Cath. 412. Ch. & Will.,
302, 303. Will.,on Wansdyke,
562. W. H., 521, 524, 536;
gifts, 41; MS. collections for
Corsham, 539.
Barrows chambered in N. Wilts,
570, Seealso Badbury (Dors.) ;
Handley (Dors.) ; Tregeseal
(Corn.); Woodyates (Dors.) ;
Worgret (Vors.). Cin. urns
as secondary burials, 313, 314;
covered with stone slabs, 314,
Disc barrow, 281; Cut by
boundary ditch, 129. Flat
oolite slabs as pavement, 398.
Flint discs in, 159 ; Scrapers
in, 397. Human bones broken
and mixed up, 398. “ Long
Barrows of the Cotswolds,” by
O. G. 8S. Crawford, noticed, 227 ;
List of, scheduled, 176, 177; See
Hullavington ; Kennett, West;
Leigh Delamere ; Surrendel.
Opened by A. D. Passmore, 442.
Round, list of, scheduled,
178, 179. Saxon, broken spear
2 2
Py Maa
578 INDEX TO VOL. XLIII.
shaft, 436, 437. See also
Alvediston ; Badbury ; Bulford ;
Ebbesbourne; Hartham; Laving-
ton, Market; Shepherd’s Shore ;
Wanborough ; Woodminton,
Bartley, Neh., 454.
Barton (Hants), bronze beads, 321.
Cin. urn, 323.
Barton beds, source of sarsens, 368.
Barton, Stephen, 420.
| Basingstoke, 459.
Baskerville family, 497. Mr., 134.
Mary, 408.
Basset Down House, rebuilt, 354.
Saxon interments, 871.
Batchelor, E., 17. John, 425.
Bath, Brock St., 172. Captured
by Saxons, 369, 371. Society,
A454,
Bath, Bp. of, 10.
Bath, Marquess of, 454; Biopil no-
tice, 30. Marquisate, legend
as to, 239.
Bathe, John, 294.
Batheaston (Som. ), 227, 306.
Bathampton (Som.), camp, 561.
Bathampton (Wylye), manor held
by Mompesson and Perkins, 285,
291, 292.
ay Capt. Ch., 30. Earl,
Batson, arms, 379.
Batt, J. T., 337.
Batten, Isaac & Susanna, 408.
Jer., 409. Will., 304.
Battersea, 459.
Battlesbury Camp, 570. Tlust.,
568. Lynchets, illust., 568.
Prehistoric reservoir, 249.
Pits, iron hoops of chariot
wheels, 400. Scheduled, 176.
Baught, Rowland, 411.
Baycliffe, 337.
Bayley, Edw., 536.
Bayliffe family, Seagry, 288.
Mr., 287. Ch. (I. & II.), 288,
303, 309. Geo. 8., 309, 310.
aon. 288, 300, 301. Mary,
03.
Baylie, Jos., 340.
Bayly, Edw., 586. Giles, 340.
Will, 401. See also Baily.
Baynham, Canon, 245.
Baynton (Bayntun), Sir And., 415.
Sir Edw., property, 200.
Beach, Rob., of Woolley, deed,
401, Thos., 405.
Beachey Head, cin. urn. 326.
Beads, chalk, 486. Rom. Brit,,
round and notched, figd., 392.
Segmental paste, of Egyptian
origin, 569.
Beanacre, see Melksham.
Beard, Will., 299—301.
Beauchamp, Edw., Baron, 505.
Rog. of Bletso, 496.
Beaufort Hunt, 105.
Beaulieu (Hants), 225. Abbey,
property, 164, 165. Celt of
polished Jadeite, 336.
Beaven, Jas, 458.
Beckett, Will., 300.
Beckhampton,bronze age “beaker,”
251; With interment beside
sarsen stone, 399. Cin. urn.,
323. Rom. Rd., scheduled,
179. Scene of novel, 245.
Beckington (Som.), 402.
Church House leased, 428, 430.
Cross, 428. Methuen
deeds, 427—431. Field
and place names, 430.
Beddoe, Dr. J., on Ethnology of
Wilts, 371,
Bedwyn Brails Fungi, 145, 146, 148,
151, 468, 469, 471, 475; Plants,
135; Wryneck, 135. Common,
Fungi, 472.
Bedwyn, Great, and its memorials
by W. M. Adams, arts. noticed,
466. A.S. Charter, 125.
Art. on, noticed, 244. Church,
monuments, 566; Tomb of Sir
John Seymour, 244. | Cin. urn,
aoe Fairway, Fungi, 147;
148. Fungi, 143—155, 465,
466, 469, 476. Hawwood,
Fungi, 148—154. Ivy House,
470, 472. M.Ps. 244.
- Sadler’s Hill, Fungi, 143, 151, .
- A474, School, illusts., 244.
Stokke Common, Fungi, 148,
145, 147, 149, 151. West Leas,
Fungi, 1483—150, 475. War
Memorial Cross, illust., 244.
Bedwyn, Little, 494,495. | Manor
Farm, 494. See also Chisbury,
Knowle.
Beechingham, James, 458.
Beek, H., 88. Will., 310.
Bell, W. Heward, buys Tropenell
Cartulary, 339; Gift, 384 ; Presi-
dent, 213, 440, 443,
Bellamy, Mr.,workat Corsham, 518,
INDEX TO VOL. XLIII. 579
Bellott, Rich. & Alice, 523.
Bells, Church, Corsham, 527.
Devizes, St. John’s, 234.
Founders, see Bilbee, ‘l'hos. ;
Burrows, James; Wells, James.
Horse Bells from Aldbourne,
509.
Bemerton, 104. A.S. Charter,
125.
Benjamin, Mary, 299, 308.
Benchey, Rich., 407.
Bennett family of Corsham, 536.
Bennett & Co., 35. Thos.,
536. Will. E., Printer, 30.
Bentley, Great, cin. urn, 323.
Berkeley, 110, 408. (Som.), 502.
Berks Regt., 355.
Berry Head (Dev.) Cave, cin. urn,
Pei 301, 323. -
Bertie, Peregrine & Eliz.at Mordon,
7X
Berwick Bassett, 108,
Berwick St. James, Bustard, 333.
See also Yarnbury.
Berwick St. John, Drinking Cup,
AT. Easton Bassett, A.S.
Charter, 124. See also Wink-
elbury.
Bethel, Will., 430.
Bevir, H., 358.
Bewcastle, Saxon Cross, date, 374.
Bezor, Rich., 402.
Bibliographical Catalogue of
printed materials for the
Hist.& Topography of Wilts
by E. H. Goddard, 492,
493, 573.
Bibury (Glos.) Church visited, 218.
Swan Hotel, 218.
Bicester (Oxon.), 169.
Biddestone, 538. Arts. on, no-
ticed, 141, 246. “ Barracks,”
Cromwell at, 246. Charity of
Lady James, 530. Church
illust., 246. Manor House,
illusts., 246. Memories of 50
years ago, noticed, 383.
Bidwell, John, 105.
Biffen, Sir R. H., on grain, 88, 90.
Biggs, Geo., 407. Sam., 421.
Bignell, P. O. and Rich., 414.
Bilbee, Thos., bellfounder, 527,
Bilbury Camp (Wylye), perforated
stone mace head, jig., 348, 349.
Billhay Farm (Semley), derivation,
124,
Binknoll Camp, scheduled, 176.
Birmingham Gazette, 559.
Bioscope, the, origin of, 109.
Bird, Rich., deed, 423.
Birdlip, George Hotel, view, 219.
Birds at Littleton Mill, 243.
Bones in Slaughterford rift, 487.
See Blackcock; Bittern;
Bustard ; Cirl Bunting : Golden- .
eye ; Gt. Grey Shrike; Oriole ;
Pochard ; Kedshank; Shag ;
Snipe; Wryneck.
Birkenhead Priory, 28.
Bishop, Eliz., 38. Thos., 406.
Bishops Cannings, 428, 573.
Barrow, drinking cup, 273.
Scheduled, 177, 1'78. Church,
“Carel,” note on,139. Geology,
367. Hemp Knoll, bronze
spearhead, 351. See also Eas-
ton ; Horton.
Bishopsgate, St. Botolph’s, 116.
Bishops Hull, 306.
Bishopstone (N. Wilts), 110.
Cin, urn, 323.
Bishopstrow, 494. Lands of
Lewes Priory, 9. Yew Tree,
Cromwell tradition, 239.
Biss River=Bissi, 125.
Biss. Thos., 430.
Bittern, 231.
meee’ bones, Slaughterford,
487.
Black Death, changes in agri-
culture, 501.
Blackland Militiamen, 1809, 337.
Blackdown Hill (Dors.), 323.
Blackmore Museum, see Salisbury.
Blackmore, Dr. H. P., 247, 248.
Blackmore (Melksham), 374.
Blackpatch (Sussex), flints, 161.
Blagrave, John & Ann, 412.
Blake, John, 306. Thos , 408.
Blakemere (Heref ), 106.
Bienes (Yorks), barrow, cin. urn,
Blanchard, Thos., 340.
Blankney (Lincs.), 225.
Bledisloe, Lord, 115.
Blucke, Mat., 299.
Blunsdon, Broad, bronze palstave,
350.
Blunsdon St. Andrew, Castle Hill
earthworks, scheduled, 176.
Charity, 172. Notes on, 113.
Blyth, Mrs. F. T., writings, 248.
Blythe, Geo., 292.
Bocking (Essex), cin. urn, 323.
580 INDEX TO VOL. XLIII.
Bodenham, arms, 20, 28, 24,
Cicelie, 20.
Bodenham House, 357.
Bohun family own Monkton Far-
leigh, 9. Humphrey. gifts to
Lewes, 9.
Bokerly Dyke, barrow, 268.
Notes,:\562.
Bokye, Sampson de la, 513.
Bolbitius, species, 465, 468.
‘Bold, Anthony & Arthur, 293.
Boletus, species, 145, 465, 468, 469,
474 ; Edible, 154.
Bolingbroke peerage claim, 1922,
383.
Bollen, Will., 535.
Bolton, alzas Tomson family, 535.
Bolwell, Allin, 401. John, 340.
Mich., 340, 341.
Bone awls, 80. Boar’s tusk
ornaments, 78. Dress fastener,
81. “Gouges” or lance heads ?
75, 76, 78,79. Implements for
ornamenting pottery, 70.
Needles? used for sewing, 77,
78. Picks for excavating, 80.
Pins, 79, 80, 271, 278.
Polishing bones, 81. Rib
knives, 79, 80. Teetotum
Top, letters on, 572. Thimble
and knife, 572. Weaving
combs, proof of their use, 76, 77,
s00) See also Bulford; Iron
Age, Early ; Roman; Swallow-
cliffe Down.
Bonham family, 285; work at
Hazlebury, 378. Eliz., Kath.,
' & Thos., 292. Sir John, 377,
516.
Boodle [? Booth] Edw., death, 418,
419.
Boring hard stones, experiments as
to, 349.
Boroughs, “ Royal,” inquiry as to,
507, 508.
Boscombe, Sheep, 459.
Boston, Fred Irby, Ld. Boston, &
Christian, 414.
Botley Great Copse, Fungi, 470.
Bourne, Canon Geo. H., obit. and
_ writings, 353, 354.
Bourton, 243.
Bouverie, Canon the Hon. B. P.,
gift, 140 ; note, 334, Rt. Hon.
Edw. P., 30, 357. Eliz. Anne,
357. [Desbovery], Sir Edmund,
property, 194, 195, Sir Jacob,
Viscount Folkestone, 195. Sir
Will., 195.
Bovista, species, 474.
Bowdrill used for boring stone, 349.
Bowden Hill, 417, 498. Conduit
House of Lacock Abbey, 17.
Park owned by B. H. Stiles, 168.
Bowerchalke, A.S. Charter, 124.
Cin. urn, 328, 324. Early Iron
Age Village, pottery, d&c, 32).
Middle Chase Farm, Late Celtic
bronze cheek piece, figd., 352.
Weekly Parish Paper, Hist. of,
81. Woodhouse Hanging, 318.
See also Woodminton Bar-
LOWS.
Bowles Barrow, A.S. Charter, 125.
Blue Stone found in, 214 ;
Its bearing on date of Stone-
henge, 364. Scheduled, 177.
Bowles, Caroline, 563, 564.
Canon Will. Lisle, ‘* A Wiltshire
Parson and his Friends,” by G.
Greever, noticed, 562—564 ; In-
fluence on literature, 563 ; Life
of, 568. Will. Thos., 563.
Bowly, Mrs. Chr., hospitality, 216.
Bowood, 564. House visited,
448. Estate Maps at, 192, 200.
Pinetum, 448.
Bowyer, Ann, Tho., & Stephen,
deed, 407.
Box, Brook, 244. Church, death
of John Thrift, 565 ; illusts., 564 ;
original dedication, 564, 565.
Cleeves, Cottels, Fogam, Hard-
ings, Hill House, Kingsdown,
Middlehill, Rudlowe, Week, 340.
Haselbury and Ditch-
eridge Rate and Valuation,
1628, 339—341. Roman
coins, pottery, stone columns, &c.,
. 885. Plague at, 1646, 565.
Notes on, by A. Shaw Mellor,
noticed, 564. Rudloe House
féte, 564, 572, Top for games,
Dae Vicarage Terrier, 565.
Boyd Dawkins, Sir W., 137; On
Stonehenge, 139.
Boyle, Lady Dorothy Blanche,
102. Hen., Ld. Carleton, 505.
Boys, Thos., 348.
Boyton barrow, drinking cups, 273,
See also Corton.
Bracher, Eleanor & John K., deed.
414, 415. R., hospitality, 44.
Bradenstoke, polecat, 334.
INDEX TO VOL. XLIII. 581
Bradenstoke Priory, excava-
tions at, by H. Brakspear,
1—9, figs. Barn, 447 ; Date,
2; Described, 9. Bucks view,
me, Burials of Longespee
family, 1. Church, date of, 1,
2; Described, 4,5; Nave ex-
cavated, 4; Tiles, 4; W. door, 5.
Cloister site,5. Founded,
1. Granted to Will. Pexhill,
2. Gatehouse site, 3.
Heraldry, &c., described, 8.
King’s lodgings, 2. Mill, 2.
Pond, 5. Precinct, extent
of, 3, 447. Priors’ lodging
built, 2; Described, 6—8 ; Fire-
place moved to Corsham and
restored, 3, 8 (jigs.), 447.
Property at Seagry, 288, 293.
Recent owners, 447. Royal
visitors, 8. Spring in cellar,
2. Stone coffins, 5, 6.
Suppression, 2. Visited, 447.
Warming House, 6.
Bradford (Dors.), A. S. Charter,
125.
Bradford-on-Avon, 109, 308, 428.
* Adventures of a Homely
Woman,” 377. Barn, 441;
Accounts, 213, 255 ; Illust., 501 ;
Note on, 139; Plan, 138.
Barton Farm, 403,405. Baths,
public, 109. Bearfield House,
226. Charity, almshouse, 409 ;
Will., Yerbury’s, 404. Church,
monument of Charles Stewart,
373; Notes on, 139; Organ, 109.
Church Institute, 109.
Daily Observer, 241, 493.
Drill Hall, 109. Field names,
&c., Avonfield, 402, 404 ; Baber’s,
404 ; Beckerley, 404; Belcombe
Brook, 402—404; Bench, 404;
Berfield, 403, 405, 407, 408;
Bitchcroft, 403; Catshill, 406 ;
Conygere, 406; Coombs, 401,
404 ; Coome Quarr., 401 ;
Dainton’s, 407, 409 ; Elms Cross,
402, 403, 404, 495 ; French Grass
Tyning, 402; Ham, 402;
Grigories, 404; Grove, 409;
Hare Knap, 402, 404; Hellies,
403 ; Kingsfield, 402; Marlin
Pitt, 403; Melancholy Walk,
402 ; Oakey Lane, 402; Palmer’s
Grove, 402; Pomeray Wood,
125; Poulton, 402, 404, 409;
Reeve Acre, 404; Rowmere Lane,
404; St. Margaret’s Moor, 403 ;
Trowl Common, 4038; Wall
Mead, 404 ; Warleigh, 125 ;
Westwell, 414; Whatley’s Mead,
406; Withern, 403. Frankley,
405—408 ; Common enclosed,
409. “ Gudgeons,” 504.
Kingston House, origin of name,
383. Lady Well, 402.
Leigh, 406, 408; Common en-
closed, 409. Manor,
Methuen Deeds, 401—410;
Held by Ld. Powlett, 401.
Moulton, Spencer, & Co., Rubber
Works, 109. Newtown, 408,
409. Round house on bridge,
Methodist imprisoned, 380.
Saxon Church, date of discussed,
229, 230,373 ; Figures of angels,
date discussed, 230, 373; Notes
on, 139. School, 402 ; endowed,
404, “Short account of
Bradford, by G. Home and E.
Foord, 1925,” noticed, 373, 374.
Standard weights, 140.
Swan Hotel, 410. Torey, 410.
Waterhouse, 406, 407.
Wesley at, 380. Westbury
House bought, 109. Wink-
field Road, a ridgeway, 125.
Woollen industry, 449.
Woolley, 401, 406, 408.
Workhouse, 405. See also
Winsley.
Bradford, B. W., 163. John,
402.
Bradley, North, 407. A.S. char-
ter, 125. Deeds, 384.
‘* Donkeys,” 504. Settlement
dispute, 502.
Bradley, Jos., 298, 308.
Bradshawe, Thos., 411.
Brakspear, H., 289. Corsham,
443,511—539; “The Church
of St. Bartholomew at,” noticed,
126—128. Guide on excur-
sions, 444, 445, 447. Gift, 141.
Priories of Bradenstoke,
Monkton Farleigh, & King-
ton excavated, 1—25. On
Amesbury Church, 134.
Work at Hazelbury, 377, 445 ; at
Malmesbury, 499. Writings,
214, 510.
Brakspear, Mrs. H.. 536.
Bramley (Surrey), 559.
582 INDEX TO VOL. XLIII.
Bramshott, 559,
Brancepeth (Durh.), 174.
Branfoot, W. H., obit., 358.
Branksome ( Dors.), 221.
Brantham (Suff.), cin. urn, 328,
Brasses, Will. Clevelode, 502.
Rob. & Eliz., Washington, 499.
Bratley (Hants), cin. urn, 323.
Bratton, 239, 357. Camp, 570 ;
illust., 568 ; scheduled, 176.
Cottages, illust., 504, Long
Barrow scheduled,177. White
House, illust, 239.
Braydon, Lodge, 481. Koliths,
by H. G. O. Kendall, noticed,
573. Tithes, 479. ;
Braywick Grove (Berks), 109.
Bread, short weight confiscated,
507.
Breade [Brede] John & Kath, deed,
347.
Breamore (Hants), 372. | Church,
date of Saxon inscription, 380.
Polished stone celt, 336, -
Brean (Som.), 563.
Breket, Thos. & Edith, deed, 347.
Breknok, Lewis, 11.
Bremhill, 226. Church illust.,
502 ; Saxon work, 231. Cus-
toms of Manors of Bremhill
and Calstone, By the Earl
of Kerry, 192—206. Ben-
croft Hill, 201. W. L. Bowles
at, 568. Derivation, 200.
Manor, descent of, 200. House,
old, site of, 201. No arable
open fields, 201. Population
at Domesday, 200.
Bremhilham Church, illust., 382.
Stratton family, 286.
Brentnall, H.C.,399. §Excavates
Wansdyke, 41. Local sece., 43.
On Marlborough Castle, 135.
Writings, 232, 496.
Brewer, Edw., 430. Geo, 402,
404, 405,428. Joanna, 431.
John, 405. Thos,304. Will,
403, 415.
Brickell, F. W., 88.
Brickwell House built, 131.
Brickworth Rectory, 173.
Bridport, Bp. Giles de, work at
Salisbury, 372.
Bridgmoare, Thos., 401.
Bright, Thos., deeds, 404,
Brighton College, 221.
Brighton, Pigmy flints, 160.
Brigmanston, 712.
ues Barrow, drinking cup,
Brimslade, 355.
Brinkworth, advowson, 173.
Account of, noticed, 502. = Art.
on noticed,381. Church, glass
bottle found in wall, 381,
Deeds, 573. Pulpit, illust.,
asl. Penns Lodge Farm,
illust., 381. Prim. Methodist |
Chapel illust.,881. Property, 291.
292. Sondhey (Sundays Hill),
in A.S. Charter, 124.
Brinton, Adam de, Robert & Eva
de, benefactors to Kington
Priory, 18. Weyfer de, 18.
Bristol, 245, 306, 307. “ Church
of the Gauntes,” 20. Colston
Hall, 109. Diocese, advisory
com. for Churches, 42; Founded,
2; Pastoral staff, 104; Refuge,
110; Review, 141. Emigration
from, 528. Museum Wilts ob-
jects, 324. Spelzeolog. Soc., ex-
cavates Slaughterford, 442
University Library, Manorial
deeds at, 353, 4.42.
Bristol, first Dean of, Will. Snow, 2.
Bristowe, Will., Thos. & Anth,
287, 294.
Britford, 107. Church, Saxon
work described, 228, 229; visited,
46.
British Association, gift, 441.
British Bishoprics preceded Saxon},
372.
British Museum, objects in, 278,
279, 281, 311, 321, 326, 348, 349,
351. “ Quarterly,” 573.
Britton, John, memorial tablet
illust., 250 ; window in Kington
. Church, 443.
Brixham (Dev.), 321.
Brixton Deverill, long barrow
scheduled, 177. See Cold
Kitchen Hill; Pertwood.
Broade, Thos., 340.
Broad Chalke, 104. A. S. char-
ter, 124, Church Bottom
lane, 94. Iron spearheads, 94.
Knighton Hill, 94.
Manor Farm, 94. Saxon
cemetery, 41, 140, 214, 325, 371 ;
Excavated, by R. C. C. Clay,
94—101, plan and figs.;
Mollusca from, 100.
INDEX TO VOL. XLIII. 583
Broad Hinton House, built from
ruins of Bradenstoke, 2.
Manor Farm, 107; Donkey
wheel to well, 249. Sheep,
456. See Binknoll Camp.
Broadstairs, Stone House School,
599,
Broad Stock= Bradenstoke, 2
Broad Town Charity, 495,
White Horse, illust., 242.
Brock, Susan, 174.
Brockad, Pecksall, 412.
Brockway, Rob., carver, 382.
Brodie, W., printer, 28.
Brokenborough, A.S. charter, 124.
Bromham, 407. Chantry owned
Bremhill, 200. Church, photos,
384. House: 516; built from
ruins of Bradenstoke, 2
Bronze Implements not pre-
viously mentioned, by E. H,
Goddard, 350-352.
New types introduced, 700
B.C., 129. Arrowhead (En-
ford), 140, 214. Awls, 66, 74,
279, 322, 323, 350, 351. Beads,
B21, Callie, 40, 50, 351;
Flanged, 351 ; - Straight sided of
Breton type used as currency 4,
336. Daggers, 271, 272, 337,
390,351,352; Found with beakers,
269 ; of Halstatt Age, 351, 352 ;
Tanged, 302. Ferrule for
spear, 351. Fused bronze, 75.
Hooks, 64, 74. Knife
daggers, 271, 275, 336; with
flanged tang (Cold Kitchen), 328
(figd.), 351. Palstaves, 350,
301,385. _—_ Pins, 65, 336 ; Swan-
necked, 184 (fig.). Razors,
50, 320; Maple leaf type with
notch, age of, 319, 320, 351; of
Halstatt Age, 351. Spear
Head, 351. Slag, 61, 66.
Swords, 50, 351; Leaf- shaped
due to new invasion, 319, 320 ;
First war weapon, 570. Wire,
64, 67, 74, 75.
Bronze Age beaker burials at
Netheravon, Mrs. M. HE.
Cunnington on, 490, 491
(fig.). Civilization derived
from Crete, 565. Flat cemetery,
Rushmore, 319. Interments see
Barrows. Pottery, 40, 51;
Cinerary urns, 140, 399 (jig.),
434, 441; With fragments of
VOL, XLIII.—NO. CXLVI.
another urn inside, 399; Drink-
ing cups, 40, 140. 251, 395 (jig.),
399, 509 ; Foundin Wilts, list
of, by Mrs.M.E.Cunnington,
267—284; Incense cups, 40;
Inside cin. urns, 399. Seg-
mented paste beads of Egyptian
origin, 565, Sun disk, date
of, 318.
Brooke, J. W., colln. at Devizes,
336; Flint dagger, 395. ~ Will.
411.
Brookes, John, 206.
Brooks, Antony, 194.
Broughton (Hants), 458. Cin.
urn, 323.
Broughton Gifford, 225, 419, 420.
Broctun, 125.
Brown, Mr., of Uffcott, sheep, 459.
Lancelot, work at Corsham,
517, 518. Miriam, 417.
Peter, 348. Thos., 195.
Will., writings, 20. W. Ruddle,
sheep, 456.
Browncker family, Melksham, 375.
Hen. & Will., 375.
Browne, John, 347. Rich., 299.
Thos., 198. Mr. Wade
excavates Monkton Farleigh, 13.
Browne & Margetson Rubber
Co., 567.
Brownston House, 374.
Bruce, A. T., 352. Lord B., Col.
of Yeomanry, 887, 506; Militia
letters, 338. Lord Charles,
505. Thomas, Ld. B., Earl of
Ailesbury, 132. Ld. Thos, 505,
Bruges, Thos., 536.
Brugge, John, 10.
Bruning family hold Somerford
Bolles, 285. Rich., 285.
Bryant, G. & Mrs., 417.
nee Sir E., edits opographer,
Eheeby Geo., 305.
Buckland, 459,
Buckler, John, drawings, 244.
Budbury (Winsley) Farm, 401.
Budd, Mr., 459. G., Sheep, 460.
Bugley (Warminster), Bickers Well,
Legend of Fiend, 239. Blue
Ball, Spectral funeral, 239.
Legend of Cley Hill,238. The
Half, oak tree, and elves, 239.
Prince Croft Lane, 239.
Bulbridge (Wilton), sheep, 459.
Bulford. Barrow, skull, 140, 350
DR
584 INDEX (LOE VON. anid Is
Down, Pit, Drinking cup, pot-
tery, and bone implement, 140,
278, 350.
Bulgaria, species, 475.
Bull, Ann, 408. John, 302.
Burbage, 348. A.S. charter, 125.
Burbidge, Mr., 424. Anth., deed,
423.
Burcombe Church, Saxon work,
date of, 231.
Burford Church, visited, 218.
Burghclere (Hants), 172.
Burley, John, deed, 347.
Burlton, Marianne, 563.
Burnett, Bp. Gilbert, 223, 568.
Burney, Dr. (Gosport), 106.
Burridge Heath, Fungi, 143, 149,
151, 467, 468, 471. Southern
branch of Wansdyke, 560.
Burroughs, Mr., 325.
Burrow, EK. J., “The Mystery of
Wansdyke,” by, noticed, 560—
562,
coane Mr., 101. James
(Devizes), bell founder, 527.
Burt, Thos., 494.
Bury St. Edmunds, Churches, 363.
Bury Woods Camp (Colerne),
scheduled, 176.
Bush Barrow, visited, 45.
Bush, Elijah, 502. John, 409,
416, 417. Thos., 419.
Bushnell, Osmund, 538. Walter,
Vicar of Box, 565.
Bushton (Clyffe Pypard), see
Stephens, Thos. (Som.) bene-
faction, 412.
Bustard, Great, eaten at Salisbury,
333. In Salisbury Museum,
re-stuffed, acct. of, 333, 373.
Butcher, Rob., 340. Will., 340,
421.
Butler, Mr, 479. Anth., 340.
Hen., 340,
Butterfield, work at Amesbury,
135.
Buxton, Mrs., gifts, 251, 509, 573.
L. Dudley, on skull from
Slaughterford, 487—489
(fig.).
Buy, Will., 367.
By Brook, 244.
Byard, Geo., 419.
Byron & Bowles, 563.
Cade, Jack, rebellion, 348.
Cadby, W ill, 503.
Cadley, 355. Wansdyke, 282.
Cadnam House, built from ruins
of Bradenstoke, 2.
Caen, St. Stephen’s Abbey hold
Corsham Rectory, 126, 512, 522.
Caillard, Eliza F., Lady, obit., 356.
Sir Vincent, 356, 503.
Calne, 291, 448. ‘Almhouses,
foundation and restoration, 382.
Deeds, printed, 40.
Drinking cup, 274. Enclosure
Act, 195. Geology, 367, 562..
Highlands, Wayte family,
171. Hundred, held by
Duckett & Earl of Shelburne,
194, Kingsbury St., 382.
Property, 292. Secondary
School, 223.
-Colocera, species, 473.
Calstone and Bremhill, Cus-
toms of the manors. By
the Earl of Kerry, 192—
206, maps. Deeds,. given,
40. Devizes Way, 194.
Kast Farm, 194. Enclosure
Act, 195. Furlongs in open
fields, 193. Lynchets, not pre-
historic, 130. Manors, three,
193; Descent of, 193, 194; Farm,
customary work for, 197 ; House
burnt in Civil War, 194, Maps,
showing strip lynchets, 129, 194
(figs.). Mill, 194. Parsonage
land and Rectory, 194.
Properties, cz. 1725, 195.
South Farm and Spray’s Farm,
194.
Caltha palustris, var. guerangil,
231.
Cambridge Chronicle, 559.
St. Nich. Coll. holds Corsham —
Rectory, 523.
Came (Dors.), cin. urn, 323.
Camps, see earthworks.
Candelabra, from Wilts Church at
N. Cerney, 220.
Candle Snuff Fungus, 476.
Canewdon (Essex), Scottys Manor,
169.
Canford, 110, 358. ;
Canhold (Melksham), 374.
Cannimore, 239.
Canning, Mr., Sheep, 459.
Canterbury, 459.
Cantharellus, species, 144.
Carleton, Lord, 505.
Carnac and Stonehenge, art. and
illusts., by F. Stevens, noticed,
INDEX, TO VOL. XLIIE 585
365, 366.
mens, 207.
circles, 366,
Carpenter, Archdeacon H. W., 46.
James, 480.
Carrington, F., MS. note books, 41.
Carter, Hen. & John,348. Owen
B., work at Amesbury, 135.
Rich., 429. Thos., 407, 408,
429—431, |
Carwithin, Ch., 302, 305.
Carychium, species, 325.
Casterley Camp, 57. Excava-
tions, 3884, Plans, 384, 510,
Castle Combe, art. on noticed, 382,
By G. Lansdown, noticed,
242, 251. By Brook, 244.
Church,cross,and village, illusts.,
242.
Castle Ditches Camp, scheduled,
176.
Castle Rings Camp, scheduled, 176.
Castles, motte and bailey, see Clack
Mount.
Catchlove, G. W., 137.
Catlinite, 349.
Caudwell, sheep, 456.
Cave Brown family, 567.
Ceawlin, ““Second Bretwalda, the
Conquests of,” by P. T. Godsal,
noticed, 368—371. Conquests,
252. - +Makes Wansdyke, 561,
562.
Cecilianella, species, 100.
Celts, first warlike people, 570.
Cephalozia, species, 475.
Cerdic an Angle, 369. | Conquers
Jutes, 368, 369. Landing
Place by Rev. G. Hill, 108. —
Cerney, North (Glos.), Church
visited, 220.
Chaddleworth (Berks), 458.
Sheep, 460.
Chained Books, Corsham, 527.
Chaldon Herring (Dors.), cin. urns,
323.
Chalfield, Gt., Church, stone screen,
WONG House, note, plan, 138,
139. ‘Tropenell Cartulary re-
turned, 339.
Chalk bead, 486. Fossils, N.
Wilts list of, 367. Lower,
“weathered ” for building, 504.
Chamberlain, Austin, 102.
Chancellor, Ii. B., writings, 383.
Chandler, I. H., gift, 252. Will.,
401 ; Deed, 415.
Carvings on Dol-
Lines ended in
Chandos, Lord, Purton property,
170.
Chapel Plaister, visited, 445.
Chapman, Eliz., 306. John
(I. & IL), 305, 306, 404 ; Obit.
notice, 105. Martha, 306.
Rich., 341. Rob., 419.
Sam., 419.
Chardford, battle, 369. [ 400.
Chariot wheel hoops, Battlesbury,
Charlcutt, freeholders, 200.
Charles I. miniature, Devizes
Museum, 215, 440, Ch. IT,
in Wilts, 45.
Charlton, 494, 499. (Nr.
Malmesbury) account of, noticed,
502;Ceasterbroke, 124; “Crundle,”
identified, 124 ; Odda’s bourne,
124, Saxon Charter, 123, 124.
(Nr. Pewsey) Cat Inn, 248;
Down, Celticand Saxon lynchets,
air photo, 130.
Charnage, incense cup, 373.
Chaz, Ilbert de, endows Monkton
Farleigh, 10. Monument and
inscriptiou, 12, 16, 17.
Cheddon, 402.
Chedworth (Glos.), Roman villa
and temple foundations, visited,
217,218; Bought by Nat. Trust,
ONE,
Cheirocephalus diaphanus, 233,
465, 466.
Chelnam, Mich., 341.
Chelsea, St. Mark’s Coll., 223.
Chener, Thomasine, 199.
Cheney Court, 448; Visited, 444,
Cheney, Sir John, effigy, Salisbury,
246.
Cherhill, barrows scheduled, 178.
Cirl bunting, 135. En-
closure Act. 195. SeeOldbury.
Chesilbourne (Dors.), cin. urn, 323.
Chestnut tree, Cirencester, 216.
Chester, 458.
Chesterton (Cambs.), cin. urn, 323,
Chettle (Dors.), 226.
Cheverell, Little, 3'74.
Chewstoke, bell foundry, 527. =
Chicklade, property, 291, 292.
Child family, 172. John, 236.
Childers, J. S., 37, 38.
Chilmark=Cigelmare, 125.
Sheep, 456, Stone used at
Stonehenge, 120.
Chippendale furniture at Stour-
head, 241.
2 R-2
586 INDEX TO VOL. XLIII.
Chippenham, 358, 374, 416.
Angel Hotel, 443. Bath Road
and. Lowden Hill, 1742, 182.
Bear Hotel, 443. Bell Inn,
illust., 133. Borough Arms,
132. Bridge altered, illusts.,
133. Burgage Houses, 132.
Butter Cross pulled down, 133.
Buttery, illust., 133.
Church, chest, 443; Chancel
arch moved, 133; Drawing, 510;
Pews, 1787, plan of, 133 ; visited,
443. Cheese market opened,
illust., 133. Derriads House,
113. Fair, illust., 138.
Forest, 515, “In Bygone
Days,” by G. A. H. White,
noticed, 132, 133. The Ivy,
132,337. John Coles’ Park, 358.
Maps, old, illust., 132. Mar-
ket Place and town pump, illust.,
133. Monkton Hill, illust.,
133; Manor, map and descent
of, 132; Old and new houses,
illust., 132. Mrs. White's
garden visited, 444; House,
illust., 133. Meetings of W.
A. 8. at, dates of, 440; Meet-
ing, 1926, account of, 440
—448, Oxford Clay fossils,
367. Shambles, illust., 133.
Spa, 1383. Three Crosses Inn,
illust., 133. Town Hall, Old,
illust., 133. Vicarage, Old,
133. Woollen Industry, 449.
Workhouse built, 528.
See Lanhill; Sheldon.
SEirine Sodbury (Glos.), geology,
9
Chisbury Camp on Wansdyke, 123,
561; Scheduled, 176. Wood,
Fungi, 143—145, 148, 466, 467,
475, 476,
Chiselbourne'(Dors.), cin. urn, 323.
Meany Camp, 59; scheduled,
76.
Chiseldon, A.S. charter, 124.
Dorceri brook, 124. Geology,
367. Sheep, 459.
Chisenbury, property, 291, 292.
Chislett, Will., 480.
Chitral expedition, 108.
Chitterne, Gt., or All Saints, 420,
424, Manor, Methuen
Court Rolls and deeds, 420
—427; Held by Francis Pow-
lett, 420 ; Survey, 1808, 425, 426;
Field and place names, 421—427; |
St. Mary’s Court, 427;Seymour’s |
Court, 427. |
Chitterne St. Mary, 420, 424, 425. |
Vicarage glebe exchanged, 425. |
Chitty, Herbert, writings, 243. |
Chivers, Christian, 304. G., |
gifts, 509. John, 378. |
Chlorosplenium, species, 475.
Chlorus’ Camp, see Figsbury. |
Chobham (Surrey), 107. = Park, |
cin. urn, 323, |
Cholderton, Ann’s Farm, Celtic |
fields, illust., 130.
Cholmley, Sir Rich. & Margaret, |
& Will, 411.
Christchurch, Agric. Soc., 453. |
Christian Malford geology, fossils, |
list of, 367, 368.
Christ’s Hospital, benefaction, 411. |
Chubbs (Calstone), 197. |
Chudleigh, Eliz., Duchessof King-
ston, art. on noticed, 383. |
Church building, N. aisle built first, |
163, 164.: Fines for non-attend-
ance, 507. Lads’ brigade, —
founded, 116.
Church, Charles, 300.
Churchwardens’ accts., see Lacock. |
Churn River, Cirencester, 217.
Chute, blood field, spearhead, 351. |
Causeway, the so called Ken- |
wardstone at, excavated, H. |
St.G. Gray & H. H. Thomas |
on, 41, 207—212 ((figs.): |
Roman road, 200. Legend |
asto,208. Dummer Lane, 208. |
Ciboria, species, 476.
Cirl Bunting, 135.
Cirencester, 245.
capital, 216.
town, 217.
pavement, 216.
Library, 216.
Abbey, Romany
Barton Roman |
Bingham |
Churn river |
diverted, 217. Cripps Mead |
Museum, 216. Corinium |
Museum and chestnut tree, 216. |
King’s Head Hotel, 216. |
Meeting of Wilts Arch Soc., |
1925, 213—220. Saxon |
Conquest, 371. Watermoor |
in Roman times, 217. |
Civilisation, early, ‘ Diffusion” or |
* evolution,” 570. |
Clack (Bradenstoke),2. Mount, |
earthworks,age of,discussed, 447. |
Claines, St. George’s, 113.
Abbot rules |
INDEX TO VOL. XLII. 587
Clandon, West (Surrey), 412.
Clapcott, 291, 292.
Clapham, Will., 405.
Clapperton, Walt. & Kenneth,
printers, 29. Register, Hist.
of, 28, 29.
Clare, arms on tiles, 4.
Clarendon, 48.
Clarendon family, own College
Farm, Purton, 244, Ld.
Chancellor, 222.
Clark, J. G. D., writings, 232.
Mrs. J. W., obit., 105. Alias
Hillier, Thos., 294.
Clarke, Herb., 502. Thos., 287.
Claudius Ceesar poisoned, 154.
Clausilia, species, 325, 487.
Claverton (Som.), manor, 226.
Claviceps, species, 466, 476.
Clay with flints, age of, 368.
Clay, Dr. R. C. C., 129, 344, 350,
352. Excavations, 501 ; Early
Iron Age pits, Fyfield Bavant,
and Swallowcliffe, 40, 41, 214 ;
Saxon cemetery, Broad Chalke,
41, 214; Woodminton barrows,
442. Gifts, 40, 140, 214, 384, 441,
Dis Notes and remarks, 337,
445, 446. On disc barrow,
Gallows Hill, Alvediston, 324.
On barrow, Ebbesbourne
Wake, opened 1924, 324—
325. On barrows on
Middle Down, Alvediston,
opened,432—439. On Ear-
ly Iron Age pits, Swallow-
cliffe,540—556. OnFlint
implements from Nadder
Valley, 156—162. On
inhabited site of La Tene I.
date, Swallowcliffe Down,
59—98. On Pagan Saxon
cemetery, Broad Chalke, 94
—101. On Woodminton
group of barrows, opened,
313—324. Writings, 573.
Clearbury Kings, scheduled, 176.
Clement, Will., 341.
Clevelode [Cleflode], Chr., 503.
Rebecca, 503. Thos , 502.
Will., 503 ; Brass of, 502.
Cley Hill, illust., 239. | Lynchets,
illust., 568. Spirit of, legend,
Cley, John, 347. (238.
Clifford, 427.
“Clipping the Church,” War-
minster and Hill Deverill, 239.
Clitheroe, Low Moor, 105.
Clitocybe, species, 144, 145, 146,
467.
Clitopilus, species, 143, 147.
Clock, Devizes Guild Hall, 233.
Close, Sir Ch., on Downton Moot
and Breamore Ch., noticed, 379,
380,
Cloth, sewn, Swiss lake dwellings,
late
Clouded Yellow, 135, 232. Pale
ditto, 135.
Clouds House, derivation, 382.
Clutterbuck, Dan., 309, 405—408,
415, 419, 423. 424, 498—430.
Thos., 415.
Clyffe Pypard, 504, 509.
Goddard family, 169, 173.
Wayte property at Bushton, 171.
Coach, Capt. Spicer’s, 379.
Coaching Club, 221.
Coal measures, under Westbury,
367. Minera], with skeleton,
Tilshead, 251.
Coale, John, 404.
Coate Reservoir, birds, 135, 231.
Coates, Alfred H. & B. W., printers,
36, 37.
Corncrake. absent, 496,
Cobb, Alice, 410, 411; Monument
at Corsham, 128; Will of, 411.
Dame Ann, will of, 412.
Anth, 412. Edw., 4!0, 411.
Eliz., 410, 41). Frances,
412, Sir Geo., 412. |. Hardie,
ATO, Atle James, 412.
Kath., 410—412. Kinton, 410.
Marg., 410, 411. Marie,
410, 411. Thos., 412. Will.
(I. & IT ), will of, 410, 411. Sir
Will., deed, 412. Winifred, 411.
Cobbett, Will., 449 ; in Wilts, art.
noticed, 382.
Cochlicopa, species, 325.
Codford, 425. Australian badges
in turf, illust., 242. Circle,
scheduled, 176.
Codford St. Mary, 573.
Codford St. Peter, 221. Rector,
Wightwick H., 173.
Coffee in accounts, 233.
Coins, British, silver and base
metal, uninscribed, Cold Kit-
chen Hill, 180,182 (fig.), 327, 329,
332 (fig.); Stockton, 392 (fig.).
English, silver, hoard, All-
ington, 338. Roman, Cold
588 INDEX “OM ViOl:,.o xeilane
Kitchen, list of, 190, 191, 332;
Stockton, list of, 394. Saxon,
Ethelrel II., form of letters, 380.
Coker, Cath., d. of Cadwallader,
172. Cath., d. of Thos., 169.
John. 169.
Colborne, Jos., 309.
538.
Colchester, 374. Cin. urn and
iron spearhead, 321, 323.
Museum, objects, 321.
Cold Harbour, Warminster, 239.
Cold Kitchen Hill, British silver
and base metal coins, 180, 182
(jfig.), 329 (jfig.). Bronze
knife dagger, flanged tang, 328
(jfig.), 351. Date of settlement,
Tristram,
La Tene or Halstatt, 180, 327,
352. Diggings, by E. H.
Goddard, 180. Excavations
by R. de C. Nan Kivell,
objects found, 180—191
(figs), 8327—332 (figs.)
Bone needle, 195 (fig.). Chalk
balls, 332; Spindle whorls, &c.,
187, 331. Deer horns, worked,
332, Early Iron Age objects,
180; Bronze La Tene I. brooch,
181 (jfig.); Bronze swan-neck
pin, 184 ( fig.) ; Pottery, 181, 189
( fig.) Fossil echinus, 187.
Foundations and_ stonework,
absent, 180. Iron socket celt,
190 (/fig.). Pottery, sling
bullets, 332; Spindle whorls,
187. Romano-British bone
gouges, d&c., 188 (fig.); pins,
needles, Wc, 185 (fig.), 330;
Stylus, &c , 185, bronze bangles,
brooches, buckles, rings, spoons,
pins, tweezers, ear picks, 180—
184 (figs.), 327—329 (figs.) ;
Coins, 190, 191 ; Knife, 184 (/g.);
Repousse brooches, 181 (/fig.);
Stylus, 184 (fig.); Glass beads,
183 ( fig.), 185, 186 (fig.) ; Vessels,
fragments of, 331; Window
glass, 186 ; Iron awls, brooches,
chisel, cleats, goads, knives,
nails, needles, spearhead, styli,
tools, 186, 187 (figs.), 329, 330
(jigs.); Shale bracelets, 188
( fig.) ; Pottery, Samian, &c., 188,
189 (figs.), 331 (fig.); Roofing
tile, 190, sling bullet, 187 ( figs.) ;
Stone and flint mullers, rubbers,
&c., 190 (jig.).
Cole River, 163.
Cole Tit, 496.
Cole, Will., 380.
Coleridge, 8S. T’. and Bowles, 563. |
Colerne, 227, 418. Quern, 140. |
See Bury Wood Camp.
Coles, Mr., sheep, 459.
Coleshill House (Berks), 357.
Collar of 8.S., 141. Art. on, |7
noticed, Wilts examples, 246. |
Collets, S., 340. |
Collett, Rev. Ed., prints Bower- |
chalke Parish Paper, 31. John, |
402 ; deed, 415. Mrs. 417. |
Collingbourne Ducis,barrow,drink- |
ing cup, 274. Barrows sched- |
uled, 178. Cin. urns, 323. |
Collingbourne Farm, 494. Wood, |
glazed flints, 344. [
Collingbourne Kingston Farm, 495.
See also Fairmile.
Collingwood, R. G., 141. |
Collins, Ben., printer, acct. of, 37,
38 ; wrote novel, 37. B.C.
(I. & II.), printers, 38. Hen.
235. Jos., collection of prints,
aor Rich., 235.
Collman, Will. G., 401.
Colloway Clump, see Warminster.
Collybia species, 143, 146.
Colne River, 217, 218.
Colston, Ch. Edw. H. A., Ld.
Roundway, obit. 221. Edw., |
22 Hon. Edw. Murray, 221. |
Mary, ancestor of Round-
way family, 221.
Comely [Comly] Aldam [Aldelme],
304. Charles, 406.
Comma Butterfly, 135, 232.
Compton, 347. (Bucks), 169.
(Hants), 458.
Compton Bassett,enclosure act, 195.
Compton Chamberlaine, 337.
Compton Comberwell, notes, 113.
Compton, Ch., 424. Eliz., 420,
421. Geo., 428. Hester,
421. Humphrey, 420. John,
deeds, 420, 423, 424. Jos,
424, Mary, deeds, 423, 424.
Rachel, 421. Thos. (I. & II.)
deeds, 4.23, 424.
Conant, John, art. on, noticed, 564.
Conduit House, see Lacock Abbey;
Monkton Farleigh Priory.
W., 305.
Coney, Alice B., d. of Thos., 109.
Coneybury Hill (Amesbury) bar-
rows, scheduled, 179.
INDEX TO VOL. XLIII.
Conholt Park, 207.
Coniophora, species, 471.
Connor, R. C., excavation, 275.
Consistory or c Peculiar,” defined,
|
|
|
|
|
426,
Constable, Messrs., gift, 510,
Constantius built Chlorus’ Camp
(2), 48.
Conway Training Ship, 106.
Cook, Messrs., 35.
Cooke, Jos., 296, 297.
Coomassie, Venetian beads, 566,
Coombe (Dev.), 307.
Coombe Bissett,107. A.
ter (7), 195.
well, 249.
scheduled, 177.
Cooper, Edw., 409.
102,
Copper awl used for boring, 349.
Daggers found with drink-
ing cups, 269; Mereand Round-
way, 276; Winterslow, 282.
Coprinus, species, 143, 149, 465.
Copyholders defined, 192. Be-
come leaseholders, 193. Cus-
toms concerning, 196, 201—206.
Coral Rag described, 867. ‘ Cor-
allian Lamellibranch Fauna of
Wilts, &, by W. J. Arkell,”
noticed, 500, 562.
Corbeil, 153.
Corby, Mr., 32.
Coren, Mr., 339.
Cork, Ear] of, 102.
Cornish, Hen., 401.
Cornwall, Edmund, Earl of, 522.
Rich., Earl of, grants Cor-
sham Manor to tenants, 512, 515,
518, 524.
Cornwallis, Lady, 340.
Coronation, “The Solemnity of
the,” 222, 223.
- Coroners’ Court, described, 519,
macy in Kington Priory, &c.,
S. char-
Donkey wheel to
Long barrow
Mrs. W.G.,
| / Corsham, 295, 296, 407, 408, 414,
| = 126, 524.
424, 429. ‘Advowson separated
fiora Rectory Manor, 127, 523.
Alien Priory, never existed,
Almshouses charity,
530 ; Inscription on front, 531 ;
Rules for inmates, 530, 531;
Visited, 444 ( jig). Art. on no-
ticed, 256, Balden [ Baldwyn]
family, 536. Betterings Mill,
533. Blind House and Stocks,
589
522, Boltons (House), acct. of,
535. ‘ Boys” holding, 586.
Bray’s holding, 536. Bread,
price of, 528 Byde Mill, 533.
Capps holding, 536.
Chamberlayne’s House, 520.
Charities, 529, 530 ;
Feoffee charity, acct. of, 529;
W. Moxham’s, 530; Rolph’s,
530. Church, H. ’ Brakspear
on, 141, 524—597 : SS Cheorist:
Bartholomew,” by i. Brakspear,
noticed, 126—128,141. Altera-
tions, 1874, described,127; Before
1874, 538 (fig.); Bells, 527;
Chained books, 128, 527 ; Chan-
tries, History of, 128; consist-
ory Court, or Peculiar Court,
128, 526; Gallery and staircase
built by ‘Dame Marg. Hunger-
ford, 127, 525; Glass, armorial
removed, 537; Modern, 444;
Grantees of the Church, 196 :
Illusts., 128; Lady Chapel re-
built, 525 ; Marmoutier Abbey,
owns Church, 126; Methuen
Pew, 128; Monumental inscrip-
tions, 128; New Church pro-
posed, 525, 526; Parish chest,
128, 527 ; Pews, register of, 128,
526; Plate, 527; Restoration,
central tower removed, 526;
Saxon Church, evidence of, 127,
524; Spire taken down, 525;
Stone screen of Lady Chapel,
date of, 127, 128 (figd.); ‘Tl erminal
of Gable, illust., 128 ; Tower re-
built, 127,444 ; T'ropenell monu-
ment, illust., 128 (jfigd.).
Church House, 521, 528.
Church Manor given to St. Ste-
phen’s, Caen, 512. Colyn’s
Holding, 537. Communicants,
1549, number of, 529. Comyns
Holding, 537. Coppy’s Hold-
ing, 537. “‘ Corsham,” earliest
use of this spelling, 127, 529.
Cottages formerly poorhouse,
528 ( jig.).
Corsham Court (House), 406, 409,
410, 417, 419, 538 (figd.). Al-
terations by Bellamy, 518; by L.
Brown, 517 ; by J. Nash, 518; by
Repton, 517. Bought by P.
Methuen, 127. Built by Thos.
Smyth, 516. Catalogue of
pictures,” We., 510. Fireplace
590
from Bradenstoke, 3, 447.
Georgian front, date, 517.
Hist. of, 515—518. Old manor
house in 1602, described, 516 ;
Chapel and gatehouse, 516, 517,
532. Pictures,517. Porcelain,
444, Stables, rebuilt, 517.
Visited, 444. Water supply
conduit, 516.
Corsham Court Leet, 539.
Deraunt’s Holding, 537. De-
rivation, 511. Dickinson
family.536. | Domesday entry,
512. East and West Parks,
513, 514. Easton Court, acct.
of, 536 ( fig.) ; Tithing, 518.
Ed. III. at,514. Elmgrove, 538,
Eyres Holding, 537. Fairs,
514; Abolished, 522. Field
names, &c., Bagshot Bottom,
407; Chapel Knap, 417 ; Green
Hill, 417; Park door grounds,
415; West Wells, 416; Wood-
lands, 413. Fire engine, 1810,
518. Flemish houses, illust.,
250. Free School, founded,
530, 53l. Gastard Court,
acct. of, 538 ( fig.) ; Tithing, 518,
538 ; St. John’s Chapel, 532.
Goldney, Sir Gab., holds Rectory
Manor, 524. Good’s Holding,
536. Guyer’s House, acct. of,
536. [History, &c., of]
Corsham, by H. Brakspear,
511—539, 443. Hulbert
family, of the Ridge, 536, 538.
Humphrey family, 538.
Jaggards House, acct. of, 537
(fig.). Keynes family, 535.
Kirby’s Charity,530. Leland’s
visit, 515, 516. Leyceter’s
House, acct. of, 536 (figd.).
Little Tithing, 518, 538, 539.
Long’s(Ho.), acct. of, 538 (jigd.).
Lypyate, Gr. and Little, houses,
acct. of, 537.
Corsham Manor, bought by
Customer Smyth, 514. Char-
ters, original MSS. preserved,
ay Ps 13) Copies of Court
rolls, deeds, &c., of Methuen
family, 410—417. Courts,
described, 519. Customs of,
519. Descent of, 514, 515.
In Domesday, 534. Dower of
(Jueens, 514. Grant to ten-
ants by Rich., Earl of Cornwall,
INDEX TO VOL. XLIII.
512, 518 ( figd.). Held by |
(Jueens and Princesses, 514; by |
Peter de Gaveston, 514; by B. H. |
Stiles, 169. Inquisition, 513, |
Tenants, rights, 518, 520. |
Corsham, market granted, 521.
Day altered, 521, 522; Cross, |
benefactions for repair, 521; |
destroyed, 521. Market Hall, |
new, 521. Marmoutier, pos- |
sessions and representatives of
Abbot, 128, 524, Meare tith- |
ing, 518, 536. Methuen Arms |
Hotel, 524, 535. Milbourne, |
533. Mills, sites of, 514, 532, |
533 ; at Lodbrook water, 533. |
Mintesmead [Myntemead ; Min- |
ty Mead], 513; Custom as to |
mowing, 520. Monks House, |}
acct. Ol, 586" ean. ae10: i
Moore Green Common enclosed, |
416, 417, Murder of Hen, |
Long described, 519. Neale |
_ family hold Rectory Manor, 524, |
Neston House, acct of, 537. |
Nethermore, 538. Nun- |
nery, non-existent, 524. Os- |
borne’s Holding, 586. Over- |
more House, and dovecot, acct. |
of, 538. Pack Horse Inn, 527.
Parish lands, 416. Park
wall built, 516, 517 ; granted to }
Sir Chr. Hatton, 514. Par- |
sonage House, 524, 532.
Paupers emigrate, 528. Pave-
shou, Church at, 532, 589. |
“ Peculiar” of Vicar, sealillust., |~
128.; Wills proved, 128. |"
Pickwick Farm (Manor) acct. of, |~
535, 536 (jfigd.).
524, Priory House built, 128, |
524. Pudding brook, 533. Pi
Ralph, Vicar, 513. Rectory |
House destroyed, 128. Rec- |
tory Manor claimed by Prior of |—
Tickford, 522 ; customs of, 128, |
524; Descent of, 127; Granted |
to St. Stephen’s, Caen, Mar- |
moutier, Syon Abbey, and St. |
Nicholas’ Coll., 522, 523: Hist- | ~
‘Red Lion, | ~
ory of, 322—524,
535. Registers, 128, 526. le
Sadler family, 536. | Shambles, | —
521. Snellings House, acct. | —
of, 536 (figd.). Snippets Hold- |
ing, 586. Southerwicks House,
‘“ Prior Ob Ms
Corsham,” [no Priory] 126, 513, |
INDEX TO VOL. XLIII.
516. Tedbury’s House, acct.
of, 535 (jfigd.). Thingley, 535 ;
Bridge, 533; Court Farm, 533,
539. Thurstons Holding, 536.
Tithings, 518; Map showing,
538 ( figd.). Town Hall, built
over Market Hall, 444, 592(figd. Je
formerly Black Swan, 528.
‘Town Tithing, 518. Velly Hill,
St. John’s Chapel, 532. Ves-
try, minute books, 128; Powers
of, 527. Vicarage, acct. of, 128 ;
Old, 559. Vicars and Patrons,
list of, 127, 128 ; Consistory, seal
of, 526. West Park bought by
J. Danvers, 515. Westrop
House, acct. of 536, 537. Win-
ters Court, acct. of, 534, 535 (7ig.).
Whitmans Holding, acct. of,
538. Whores Holding, 536.
Wills proved at Corsham, Book
of, 526. Woodlands Tithing,
518, hae See also Neston.
Corsley, 239.
Corston, A. S. charter, 124.
Corticium, species, 479,
Cortinarius, 143, 149, 150.
Corton (Boyton), long barrow
scheduled, 177.
Coryne, species, AT5,
Cosets, defined, 533.
Cosford, A. H., obit., 559.
Cosham, Hen. of, 537.
Cotsettle, land measure, 533.
Cotswolds, ochre mining, 569, 570.
Cottager only allowed one fire, 520.
Cottages, old, art. on noticed, 504.
Squatters secure site by ’boil-
ing bacon, 504. Timber framed,
see Keevil.
- Cottars defined, 534.
Cottell [Cottle], Ch. 401.
ence, 340. Moses, 407.
Laur-
_“Coulebearer,” term of abuse, 507.
| - Coulston, 287, 494,
_ Coulon, Marcel, 153.
Property,
292.
| County Magazine, 28.
_ Courage, K., 344.
- Court Leet and Baron, defined, 519.
_ Courtney, Peter, 307.
_Coutance, Bp. of, 502.
- Cove, Rob., 348.
/ | Sele ‘John & Will., deeds,
Coward, Edw., gift, 573. On
| sheep, 454, 458.
)WOL, XLIII.—NO, CXLVI.
|
pd
“Fh
591
Cows in Wilts, census in 19th and
20th Cents., 461, 463.
Cox (—), 340. R. Hippesley,
“Green Roads of England,” 243,
565.
Cozens, Rich., 415.
Crabbe, Geo., & Bowles, 563.
Cranborne Chase, 59.
Cranbury (Hants.), cin. urn, 323,
Craven, Karl of, 221.
Crawford, O. G.S., 350, 363, 561 ;
Air photographs, 42; “ Air sur-
vey and Archeology,” noticed,
128; Discovers W. branch of
Stonehenge Avenue, 42, 364;
gifts, 141, 252, 442; on Finger
tipped pottery, 319; on Pre-
historic trade, 336 ; on Rows of
Sarsens, 335; Remarks, 380;
Writings, 227.
Crawford & Balcarres, Lord, 137,
339.
Crawlboys (Ludgershall), 113.
Crayden, 203.
Creeting St. Mary (Suff.), cin. urn,
323.
Crepidotus, species, 467.
Crete, influence on Spain and
Britain in Neolithic Age, 569.
Crew, Thos,, 300, 305.
Cricklade, 106, 110, 414, 563.
Folk songs, 250. Gospel Oak,
art. on noticed, 380. Polecat,
1914, 334. St. Sampsons, 481,
Vicarage, 380.
Cripps, Mrs. Wilfred, 216.
Crisp, James, 409.
Crockerton Church Lane, headless
horse seen, Shrof Tuesday cus-
toms, 239.
Crofton, Fungi, 469.
Croke family, Hazelbury, 378.
oe 513; work at Hazelbury,
Cromwell, Oliver, 228 ; at Biddes-
tone, 246; at Bishopstrow, 2389.
Crook, Will., 402.
Crooks Easton (Hants), 402, 405.
Croome, W. I., address, 218.
Cross on base of cin. urns, 326;
Examples described, 318.
Cross, processional brass, N. Cer-
ney Ch., 220.
Crosses, churchyard see
sham ; Somerford, Little.
Crosses, Market, see Corsham;
Devizes; Malmesbury.
2S
Ingle-
592 INDEX TO VOL. XLIII.
Cross, Ernest, ‘‘ Memoir of Bishop
Ridgeway,” by,noticed,115—117.
Cross, James, 421. Latimer,
526, 527 ; Seal of, 128.
Crowdown Clump(Burbage), Korth
Burg, 125.
Crowmarsh (Oxon), 456.
Croxton Abbey, 6.
Crucibulum, species, 474.
Crudwell, acct. of, noticed, 502.
A.S. Charters, 125. Chedglow,
derivation, 126. Church, art.
on, illust., 382. Field and
Place Names, list of, 125, 126.
Idover, derivation, 125.
Manor Farm bought, 224.
Crumwell, Thos., 301.
Crundell = Quarry, 124, 354.
Cruttwell, Rich. 8., 415.
Cucking Stool, Devizes, 233.
Use of, 520.
Cuffe, Mich., 340.
Cumberwell, Rich. de, 513.
Cunetio taken by Saxons, 369.
Cunnington, Capt. B. H., 207, 216,
247, 320; Gifts, 41, 48, 140, 141,
214, 251, 384, 395, 441, 510, 573 ;
Meeting Sec., 219, 448; Notes
and remarks, 338, 443, 445; Hx-
cavates Barrow at Potterne, 40,
41; Figsbury Rings, 41; 214;
Morgan’s Hill enclosure, 370;
On the Devizes Skippet,
346—348; “Some Annals of
the Borough of “Devizes,” by,
noticed, 233, 234, 505—508;
Schedules earthworks, 446.
Cunnington, Mrs. M. E., 77, 88, 91,
207, 247, 320. Excavates bar-
row at Potterne, 40, 41, Figs-
bury Rings, 41,214. | Morgan’s
Hill enclosure, 370. Gifts,
41, 48, 140. 252, 384, 441, 510.
List of Bronze Age Drink-
ing Cups found in Wilts,
267—284. On Barrows, 45.
Bronze Age Beaker Burials
at WNetheravon, 490—491
(jigs.). On Excavations at
Figsbury Rings. 1922, 45,
48— 58. On recent Pre-
historic Finds, 395—400
(jigs. ). On Stonehenge Blue
stone lintel, 366. Remarks,
445, Restores urns, 326.
Work at Museum, 441. Writ-
ings, 252.
_ Dartmoor Hut Circles, 54. Stone
Cunnington, Dr. C., gifts, 573. |
Cunnington, Will., F.G.S., excava- |
tions, 276. a
Cunnington, Will., F.S.A., 464— |7
456 ; excavations, 276 ; Slaughter |
Stone, Stonehenge, 119. |
Cup markings on Stonehenge Blue |
Stone lintel, 366.
Curlew nesting, 496.
Curlew, Stone, 231.
Curtise, widow, 340.
Curwen, Dr. Elliot, 158.
Cusop, 106.
Cusse, E., 35.
Custom Rent Barley, 199.
Customs, Old Wilts, 355.
Cuttenham farm, 494.
Cyathus, species, 474.
Cyclops, species, 497.
Cynophallus, species, 473.
Cyphelia, species, 472.
Dacromyces, species, 473,
Dactylis, species, 476.
Deedalea, species, 471. :
Daglingworth (Glos.),Church visit- |
ed, Saxon sculpture, 219.
Dainton, Sam., 480, 431.
Dairy Farming, new system, 379.
Dale, Mr., 336.
Dallis, J. Z., 401. |
Dalmer, John, 521. |
Dalton, Nath. & Mary S., deed, |
422, 424, |
Daniell, J. J., “Life of Will. |
eS E. of Pembroke,” by, |
10. }
Danvers, Sir Ch., 520. Hen. |
murders H. Long, 519. Lady |
Joan, 288. John, 515, 5386,
Darbishire, Col. C. H., 234. Ch.
Will., 495; Obit., 224. Frances, |
obit., 495. |
circles, 432.
origin of, 336.
Dartmouth, Naval Coll., 357.
Dartnell, H. W., gifts, 141, 384. 510. |
Miss, gifts, 573.
Dasyscypha, species. 475. |
Dauntsey, 252, 286, 308. Acct. |
of, noticed, 502. © Ammonites, |
368. Charity and school, see |
Lavington, West. Hill, 447. |
Idover, derivation, 1265. |
Rectory, tiles from Braden- |
stoke Priory, 5. Wayte family, |
171, Wightwick, Hen., 178. |
Stone Rows, |
INDEX LO! VOL, XLII. 593
Davidson, Frances M..,d. of Sheriff,
224,
Davies, Edw., 425. Rev. J.
Sylvester edits Tropenell Car-
tulary, 339.
Davis, Edw., 404. Geo., obit.,
106. Mary, 421, 426, 427.
Thos., 416, 449; On sheep, 464,
Davison, Sam., 402, 405. John,
402, ;
Dawe, Ch., 402.
Dawes, Will. & Cath., 539.
Dawkins, Sir Will. Boyd, 339.
Dawson, Capt., gifts, 491, 509.
“ Dead Year ” defined, 196.
Dean Hill, rectangular flints, 248.
Dean, West, Roman sites near,
130. Villa, 131.
Dean, Mr., sheep, 456.
Deane, John, 507.
Deeke family own Corsham
Rectory Manor, 127.
Deerhurst Church, Saxon work,
229.
Dehrinck, John, 401.
De la Hey, Rev. E.W.M.O., guide,
220.
eee ancient, rights of tenants,
Hon. Mrs.,
Dent, Messrs., gift, 252, 384,
Denys, Marie, Prioress of Kington,
19
Denison, Bp., 275.
275,
Deorham, battle of, 871, 561.
Depedene, John, deed, 347.
Deptford (Wylye), held by Mom-
pesson, 291, 292.
Bs shire Lead Mines, Neolithic,
5.
Dermocybe, species, 150.
Derry Hill, Chippenham to Bath
road made, 132.
Derwent, Lord, 102.
Devereaux, Frances, 505.
Deverell (Dors.) barrow, cin. urns,
shape of, 319.
Deverell, Kdw., deed, 403.
Devil’s Den, illust., 367. Sched-
uled, 176, 178.
Devizes, 304, 357. Almanack,
573. ‘Annals of the Borough,
some,’ by B. H. Cunnington,
noticed, 214, 238, 234, 505—508,
510. Assize of Bread, MS.,
283. Bear Club Scholarships,
236, “ Bear Hotel,” by EK.
Kite, noticed, 236; Assembly
Room, 1835, 236 ; Columns, 236 ;
Descent of property,236; Earliest
mention, 236; Gardens added to
Castle,236;* History of,” 141;Old
Sign in Market Place, 236.
Beggars whipped, 506. Bene-
fit Clubs, 18i4, 506. Boy
Scouts, 114, Borough arms
and seals, 233. Bridewell St.,
506. Brittox, 507. Brown-
stone House, 139. Burgesses
crowns of laurels, 506; gowns,
&c., 234; Fined for refusing
Mayoralty, 506. Castle, 139 ;
Deeds, 384 ; Ditches found, 236;
Plan, 138. Castle Inn, owners
and tenants, 235. Chamber-
lain’s accts. MXS., 233. Chan-
try Property, 507. Charities
report, 506. Clubs, Independ-
ent, Royal Oak, King’s Arms,
Hare and Hounds, 506. Con-
gregational Chapel, Hist. of, no-
ticed, 234. Constitutions of
the Borough, by J. Kent, MS.
given, 41, 233. Corporation
income, &c., 1829, 506. Corn
Exchange built, 236. Crosses,
233. Cucking Stool renewed,
233. Deeds found in skippet,
catalogue of 346—348. Dra-
pers company, MS. constitutions,
233. Fire Engine and hooks,
507. Gas Works,506. Gram-
mar School, 573. Greystone
House, 139. Guildhall clock,
1649, 233; destroyed, 233.
High St., No. 2 burnt, E. Kite
on, noticed, 235, 336. Hill-
worth, 374. Long St., No.
30, EK, Kite on, noticed, 374,
499, Innholders and Inns,
list of, 507. Kennett and
Avon Canal, 506. ‘ La Rewe,”
K. Kite on, noticed, 503.
Maces, making and mending, 233,
234. Market Place, cross,
1860, 236; pulled down, 506;
early paintings of, 378.
Mayor and Commonalty, deed,
347. Merchants’ Guild,
constitutions, 233. Militia
Mutiny, 506; number in 1809,
337, Muniments, 233 ; placed
in Museum, 214. Museum
and Library, 437, 483, 485 ;
28 2
594 INDEX TO VOL. XLIIL
additions to, 140—142, 251, 252,
384—385, 493, 509—510, 572—
573; Buckler colln., 216 ; cases
re-arranged, 441; Deeds cata-
logued, 442 ; duplicate books, &c.
sold, 215 ; gifts, 180 ; Genealogi-
cal collections bound, 441; minia-
ture of Ch. I., 215, 440; objects
in, 58, 88, 101, 267—284, 313,
326, 327, 835, 336, 850, 351, 390,
395, 899, 400 ; Photographing or
copying, Fee for, 216; New
Room, 40; Segmented paste
beads, 569; Stourhead Coll.,
number of Drinking Cups, 267,
268. Night watchmen appoint-
ed, 507. Nota Royal Borough,
508. Oaths of Officials, 233.
Old and New Port, 346—
348. Pans Lane Roman Pot-
tery, 503. Peace rejoicings,
1814, 506. Pictorial Hist. of,
photos., &c., Town Hall, 378, 379,
Pillory used, 506. Rey-
nolds’ family, note on, 236.
Royal grants to, 507. R.C,
Chapel endowed, 171. St.
John’s Church, notes, 139; Bells
re-cast, 284; Fall of tower and
re-building, date of, 139, 234.
St. John’s St., Nos. 31, 32, by
E. Kite, noticed, 235.
St. Mary’s Chapel, 234.
St. Mary’s Church, notes, 139.
Seal, new, made, 233. _—_Ses-
sions Book, 2338. Shoulder of
Mutton Inn, 236. Skippet
found, 233 ; figd., 345—348.
Simnel cakes, 234, Social
club, memoranda, 573. Spit-
alcroft,107. | Thatched houses,
forbidden, 234, 506. Town
Hall, portraits, photos, &c., 378,
379; Corporation seals, sand
box, &c., 345 ; Royal Arms, 378.
Town Hall, New, foundation
deposit found, 506. Trees in
streets in 17th Cent., 234.
Truslowe Charity,507. Water
supply by pipes, 1702, 234.
Wesley (Charles) at, 380.
Wharf accts, 233. | Whippings,
public, number of, 507. Wils-
ford House School, 374.
Wilts Arch. Soc. and Royal Arch.
Institute Meeting, acct. of, 120,
138,139. Woollen industry,449.
Devon & Cornwall, tin mining, |
Neolithic, 569, 570. (
Dew Ponds, 324. Art. by |
M.K.S. Edwards, noticed, 500. |
Method of making, 249. }
Dewell, Ch., s. of Timothy, 170. |
Ch. Goddard, benefactions, |
171; Property at Malmesbury, |
170. Timothy. (1. IL, 111
170; s. of Ch., 170. Mary, |
170. |
Dewlish (Dors.). 195; Cin. urn, |
323. |
Dialect, Wiltshire, writings of Ed. |
Slow, 110, 111. |
Dick, Geo., 404. Will., 408. i
Dickenson, Mr., 413. Caleb, _
536. Emma, 416, 417. |
Mary, 417. |
Dickson, Major-Gen. J. B. B., obit., |
224,
Diddlebury (Salop), 106.
Digwood, Mr., sheep, 460.
Dike, Geo., deed, 406—408. |
Dinton, East Farm, prehistoric |
hearth, 337. Dinton House |
sale, Bustard, 333. |
Dioceses of England, by G. Hill, |
108.
Diodorus Siculus, on British agri- |
culture, 129.
Diptera, lists of, 232.
Discina, species, 475,
Dison, John, 422.
Ditchett (Som.), 407, 408.
Ditchampton, 110.
Ditchley, 499.
Ditteridge Church, visited, 445.
Valuation, 1628, 341.
Dixon, Sam., 413.
Doddington,\Sir F.,hangs prisoners,
375.
‘“Dodeman, Thos., deed, 347.
Dodsdown fungi, 143, 146, 475.
Dog muzzling order, 102.
Dolforgan (Montgomery), 102.
Dolmen, Egyptn. origin and sun
worship, 366, 565.
Domesday Book. 512.
Donhead St. Andrew, A.S. charter,
125.
Donhead St. Mary, Ashmore Down,
Long Barrow, scheduled, 177.
Burltons (house), 563.
See also Castle Rings.
Dorchester, cin. urn, 323.
Dorchester, Ann, d. of Rog., 235.
:
|
t
:
|
|
j
|
|
\
} |
}
|
INDEX TO VOL. XLIII.
Dorsaetas, 370.
Dorset, shale mining, Neolithic,
569.
Douglas, Archibald, 1st Baron,
505. Will., 425; Duke of
Queensberry, 505.
Dovecotes over chancel roof, Elk-
stone Ch. (Glos.), 219. See
Corsham, Overmore; Jaggards ;
Pickwick Manor; Stanton St.
Quintin Manor.
Down Ampney (Glos.), 106.
Downes, family, own Corsham
Rectory Manor, 127. Geo.,
523.
‘* Downland Man,” by H. J. Mas-
singham, noticed, 568—571.
Downs, agriculture described, 449,
450. Ploughed up, 452.
Prehistoric and Rom. Brit. vil-
lages, 450.
Downton Church, visited, 46.
Giants’ graves, long barrow
scheduled, 177. House burnt,
47. Moot earthworks, art. on,
noticed, 379, 380; Saxon, Nor-
man, or Elizabethan ? 46, 380—1.
Register, indexed, 252.
Sheep, 459.
Dowris (Ireland), bronze hoard,
352,
Drake, Sir W. R., writings, 141.
Draper, Geo., 295.
ings and prints, Wiltshire,
442.
Draycot Cerne, 289, 304.
Church visited, 447.
Long, of, 20.
Draycot Hill, see Wilcot.
Drayton (Berks), 456.
Drexale, 291.
Drill steadiers, chalk. 85 (fig ).
Drow Copse=T'rogan, 124.
Druce, Anth., deed, 401. De-
Sir R.
__ vinck, 404. James, 403, 404.
_ Druids, “ Latter Day,” Burial of
ashes at Stonehenge,” protests
| against, 137, 338, 339,
Dry Rot Fungus, 471,
Ducarel, Dr.,
Duck, Edw., "310. Eliz., 310.
Steph., 248,
Duckett, (—), 340. Geo., 124;
M.P., Calne, 195. John,
sheriff, 194. Sir Lionel, Ld.
Mayor, 194, Thos., sells ‘Cal-
Stone, 194.
595
‘“* Duck’s Veast,”’ Pewsey Vale, 248.
Dugmore, Canon E. E., obit. and
writings, 114. Will,, 114.
Duke, Rev. Edw., notes, 279.
Coll., 279.
Dulwich Coll., 223.
Dumbleton, 563.
Dummer (Hants), cin. urn, 323.
Dunn, Will.. 419.
Dunning & Manning, Messrs., 207.
Dunstable, fungi, 144.
Dunstanville, arms on_ effigy,
Monkton Farleigh, 13, 17.
Duntesbourne Rous, Church,
visited, 219.
Durnford, Gt., Manor, 106.
Durrington, barrows, drinking
cups, and cin. urn, 274.
Knighton, medieval pottery, 140.
Dyer, Mr., 482.
Dyke, Thos., 481.
Dyneley, Ch., 417.
Ealing, 153.
Karle, Giles, Little Somerford, 173.
John, 415, _—- Prof., remarks,
380.
Earlstoke, custom of manor, 450.
Early Iron Age Antiquities,
N. Wilts. By A. D. Pass-
more, 343—344. See
also All Cannings, Fyfield
Bavant, Glastonbury, Hengist-
bury, Hunsbury, Swallowcliffe,
Winkelbury, Worlebury.
Camps, flat cemeteries, 322.
Karly Iron Age objects, bone,
combs, 540, 572. Needles, 77,
541,572. Bronzearmlets, 572 ;
Brooch, pennanular, 343;
Earring, 343 ; Needles, 77 ; Pins,
38438; Ring-headed pins, 348 ;
Rings, 343 ; Wire, 541. Glass
beads, 88, 89,572. Iron objects,
awls and pins, 64, 65, 67, 82;
Bill hook, 66, 82, 83 ; Bloom, 61 ;
Brooches, 65 ; Brooches, La Tene
I., 82; Cleats, 66, 83; Chariot
wheel hoops, 400; Ferrule, 83;
Knives, 65, 83; Nails, 83; Pins,
ring-headed and swan neck, 82.
Pottery, 41, 50, 51, 214, 344,
393, 432, 485, 486, 540, 541, 572.
Wheat, barley and oats, 40.
See also La Tene.
Earthworks, Great Hill Camps,
age of, 129, 188; Neolithic store
houses, 568—570, 571; Later
596 INDEX TO VOL. XLIII.
than rectangular lynchets, 129 ;
Scheduled under act, list of, 176 ;
Square, due to new invasion,
129, 319; See Bathampton,
Battlesbury, Bratton, Casterley,
Chisbury, Figsbury, Fosbury,
Fyfield Bavant, Handley Hill,
Knapp Hill, Knighton, Lidbury,
Maes Knoll, Martin Down,
Rushmore Angle Ditch and S.,
Lodge, Scratchbury, Sidbury,
Soldiers Ring, Stantonbury,
Yarnbury. Ditches, boundary,
date of, 129. Norman motteand
Bailey castles, see Clack Mount ;
Stapleford. Seealso Stockton ;
Wansdyke.
Easter Farm, 427.
Kasterton Hill Farm, 494.
Easthealle, A.S. charter, 125.
Hastmead, Arthur, buys Monkton
and Corsham Park, 133, 515.
Easton Bassett (Berwick S. John),
124,
Easton Down (Bps. Cannings),
415; Long barrow, 177. ‘Tith-
ing (Corsham), 518, (Hants),
458. ane
Easton Royal, barrows scheduled,
Eastwell House (Potterne), cannon
from Sedgmoor at, 235,
Ebbesbourne Wake, 572. A.S.,
charter, 124,125. Barrow Hill,
101; Barrow excavated, cin. urn
with CrOSS) a On Cr Clay on,
318, 325, 326; At Dobson’s Grove
opened, RK. CC. Clay on, 324,
325. Cin. urns, 140, 214. 321,
323. Long Down chess board
lynchets, 325. Saxon barrow,
437 ; Burial, 101.
Echo newspaper, 241, 244.
Eddowes, Alf., Theory of Stone-
henge, 137.
Edinburgh Abbey Hill, St. John’s
and St. Columba, 107.
Edington, 226, 239. A. S. char-
ter, 125. Art. on noticed, 567.
Church, note on, 139; Re-
stored, 226. Rector made Bp.
of Bristol. 2. See also Tinhead.
Edmonds, James and Marg., 417,
419.
Edney, Mr., sheep, 459.
Edwards, H. B., 36, 37. Job,
preserves Amesbury screen, 134.
John, 417. Capt. R., 341.
Sam, 538. M. K. Swayne,
gift, 141; Writings, &c., 442,
500, 501, 504, 567.
Effigies, Monkton Farleigh, 17.
Egbert, King, 511.
Egerton, J. T., 337.
Egypt, source of all civilisation,
138, 569. Glass segmental
beads from, 138. Tapestry,
6th cent., 374.
Kisey Manor, 106.
Elder,J udas hanged himself on, 472,
Eldon, John, Lord, 418, 419. —
Elkstone Church, visited, pigeon
loft, 219.
Ellandune, 354,355, A.*S. char-
_ ter, 124.
Elliott, Rich., 234. Will., 408.
Elves, appear, 239.
Elye, John, 287, 294.
Emeris, W. C., guide, 218.
Emmett, Marg., 411. |
Enclosure Acts, results of, 193, 451.
Enclosures in 18th Cent.,
&c., 201, 477.
Enfield, 299.
Enford, 358.
140, 214.
Lynchets, 130.
England, Clem, 340.
404.
Englefield (Berks), 402, 404, 405,
407
Engleheart, G. H., 159. Col-
lection of flints, 156. On
‘¢ Kenwardstone,” 210. On
Stonehenge, 46, 137, 238; On
Blue Stone lintel, 366 ; The Story
of Stonehenge, Fact and Fiction,
noticed, 362, 363, 365, 366.
Remarks, 43. Writings, 248,
384.
‘Entoloma, species, 143, 144, 146,
147,
Eocene beds, N. Wilts, 367.
Epinal, 153.
Erlestoke, Brounker’s farm, 375.
Cottages destroyed, illust.,
504,
Ernle, Mich. & Mary, 539.
Erophila precox, 281.
Erwood, Will, 507.
Escomb (Durh.) Church, Saxon
work, 228.
Essington, Walt., 206.
Estcourt House, 173. Silver
Election Cup, 376.
Bronze arrowhead,
Compton Down
Farm, 494,
Randem,
|
|
|
INDEX TO VOL. XLIII.
Estcourt family property, 173.
Lord, cup given to, 376. Mr.,
gives cups to supporters, 376.
Rich. & ‘Thos , 293.
Etchilhampton, 235.
Evans Family of N. Wilts,
by Canon F. H. Manley,
168—174;Arms,168. Anne,
174. Arthur (I. to VIII.), 168
—174. Cath. (I. & II.), 169,
171, 172. Ellinor, 169. —
Frank, 35, Gabriel, 169.
Hen. (I. & II.), 169,172. | John,
168, 169, 521 ; Bishop of Bangor,
arms, 168. Maria, 172.
Mary, 169,172. Rich., 174.
Thos. (1. to III.), 172, 174.
Walt., 174.
Evening Advertiser, 559.
Evening News, 241.
Everdon, John, deed, 347.
Everley, 456. Barrow scheduled,
178.
Eversley, Lord, 438.
Evesham (Worcs.), 411, 412.
Evetts, Dr. Will., 12, 16.
Ewerne Stapleton (Dors.), Church
given to Kington Priory, 18.
Ewyas family, 496.
Excavations, 1925—6, 442. See
Avebury, Windmill Hill; Wood-
minton Barrows; Stonehenge ;
Swallowcliffe Down.
“ Hxecutors year,” defined, 196.
Exeter Flying Post, 559.
Exidia, species, 473.
Eya, Phil. de, 513.
Kyles, Sir F. H., 169. Sir John,
Ld. Mayor, 168, 169. Mary,
169. |
Hyre family, 536, 538. Chief
Baron, 372. Giles, 420 ; builds
Brickwell House and “ Pepper
bow lala Jane, 507. - John,
331; Will., 340 ; at Neston,
537; of Salisbury, art. on noticed,
564. Sir Will., 532.
Eyre’s Folly, The Pepper Box, 130.
131.
Faddiley (Ches.)=Fethanleah, 371.
Fairbairn, Dr., 356.
Fairedam, Thos , 348.
Fairford, 218, 358.
Fairmile (Coll. Kingston) Long
Barrow scheduled, 177.
Fairy Rings, age of, 144, 466.
Falconry, on the Plain, 105.
597
Farbrother, Mary, writings, 383.
Farleigh Hungerford, 298, 302, 306.
Castle, 287.
Farley (S. Wilts), Rom. remains,
131.
Farley family, in St. Thos. Salis-
bury, registers, 38. Kdmund,
Edward, Felix, Hen., Sam. (I. &
IT.), Mrs. Sam., 38.
Farmer family, 243. James, 494.
Sam., Will., obit., 494, 495.
Farms change hands, 462.
Farnham Museum, 273.
Farrer, Percy, gifts, 140, 214, 251,
350. Opens barrows at Hax-
ton, 41.
Farringdon, Little (Oxon), given
to Beaulieu Abbey, 165.
Fawcett, Rt. Hon. Hen., funeral
service, 354.
Feates, alias Hewes, John, 195, 198.
Feltham, James & Elijah, 424.
Fenton, Mr., excavations, 276.
Ferrers, Eliz., Lady, 499.
Ferris, Anne, Elias and John, 298.
Chr., 402,405. — Eliz., 304,
305. Sarah, 224. Thos. R.,
225, Thos. Will., obit., 224.
Festiniog, folk-songs, 250.
Festuca, species, 576.
Fethanleah=Faddiley (Ches.) 371.
Feudal system introduced, 511.
Fidler, Will., 415.
Figheldean, cin. urn from barrow,
140, 349, 398 (fig.). Long
barrow, drinking cup, 274.
New buildings, human skull,
140, 350, Rectangular Celtic
fields, map, 130.
Fight at Dame Europa’s school,
Ist Ed. pub., 38.
Figsbury [Frippsbury, Chlo-
rus’ Camp] Rings, account
of excavations, 1924. By
Mrs. M. E. Cunnington,
48—58. Animal bones, 51.
Bronze sword. age of, 50,
320. Chlorus’ Camp, name
due to Stukeley, 48. Cause-
ways, 57. Compared with
Yorkshire earthworks, 50.
Date of, 50. Drinking cup
pottery, 279. Early Iron Age
pottery, 49, 51. Excavations,
41, 214. Frippsbury, 48.
Human remains, Sir A. Keith on,
51—53. Inner ditch, object
598 INDEX TO VOL. XLIII.
of, 49, 55, 56.
at Devizes Museum, 140.
Pits or holes, 54. Plans, 510.
Pot boilers, 53, 54. Pottery.
Early Iron Age, 54, 56, 57.
Rampart sections, illust., 56, 5’.
Rectangular late flints, 53,
247. Visited, 45. Water
supply, 50.
Filder, John (I. & IT.), 407.
Filton (Glos.), 357.
Filx, Rich., 340.
Finall, Will., 408.
Fingerhoe (Essex), cin. urn, 323.
Fire engines, Devizes, 233.
Malmesbury. 504. See Cor-
sham.
Fire hooks, 507.
Fire insurance companies, 507.
Fir Hill (Fovant), worked flints,
156.
Fisher, Major A. T., obit. and
writings, 104. Ben., 407.
Geo., 407. Hen., 406.
James, 407. John, Bp. of
Salisbury, 425. T. R., 104.
Widow, 840.
Fisherton Anger, 291. Church,
109. Parish Mag., 510.
Property, 292.
Fistulina, species, 471.
Fitzgerald, Archdeacon, A. O., 226,
G. A. R., obit., 226. Geof.,
226. M. H., 226; writings,
380.
Fitz Ponz, Drogo, holds Seagry, 285.
Flemman, Grace, 422, 427.
Fletcher, Canon J. M.J., gifts, 141,
572. On “Salisbury Incum-
bents during the Common-
wealth,” noticed, 564. Writ-
ings, 240, 246, 509, 572.
Flint, arrowheads in Roundway
barrow, 276; Wilsford barrow,
279 ; Windmill Hill, 40 ; Winter-
bourne Monkton, 280; Winter-
slow barrow, 282, 337; Leaf-
shaped, Lavington,397;Neolithic,
ceremonial only, 569; Single
barb, Spye Park, 572.
Anrignac, Cave, La Madeline,
Le Moustier types, 156, 157.
Borers, 158, 159, 161 ( jfig.).
Bronze Age, 161. Celts,
chipped, 157 ; Polished, age of,
161; From barrows, 161; Frag-
ments of,re-chipped,157; Ground
Objects found,
by sandstone and water, 158; |
Stonehenge, 120 ; Used to polish
others, 158. Chert implements,
160, 162 (jfig..) | Cissbury types
at Stonehenge, 361. Daggers
with drinking cups, 269 ; Ames-
bury, 272 ; Lockeridge, 276, 395 ;
Winterbourne Monkton, 280.
Discs, 159, 162 ( fig.). Fabric-
ators, types of, 159, 161 (fig.);
Spye Park, 572; Windmill Hill,
AQ. Flakes, worked, 162.
Glazed, Aldbourne and Colling-
bourne, A. D. Passmore on, 344;
Polished by sand in water, 344.
Gravers, Marlborough, 497
(jig.). Gun flint factory, 573.
Implements, Amesbury, 40 ;
From Nadder Valley, by
R. C.C. Clay, 156—162.
Tron Age flints, by H. G. O.
Kendall, art. noticed, 247 ; [ron
staining, cause of, 159, 160.
Javeline heads, leaf-shaped,
Winterbourne Stoke barrow,
281. Knives, types of, 159,
161 (fig.); Found in cin. urn,
396 (jig.); oval, ground edges,
Amesbury, 572. Late type,
Figsbury, 53. Natural flint
like human arm, with burial,
490. Paleolithic form at
Stonehenge, R. A. Smith on, 361.
Patina, white, easily pro-
duced, 159. Prismatic cores,
156. Pygmies, 160, 162 ( jig.) 5
Method of making, 160.
Quicksilver spots, 160. Re-
chipping, 156. Rectangular
Figsbury and Laverstock, dis-
cussed, 247. Saws, 159.
Scrapers, 158, 162 ( fig.) ; Scraper
cores, 158, 161, 162 ( fig.) ; Pris-
matic, 159 ; Hollow, 158 ; Horse-
shoe, 156, 160; In barrow, 397;
Square-ended, 160; Strike a
lights, 158; Tanged, 158; With
ground edges, used to polish
celts ? 158, 161. Scratches on,
160. Spurred tools, 162 ( 7ig.).
Thames pick, 252.
Flower, Mr., sheep, 406. Will,
293.
Floyer, J. K., 252.
“Fly Fishers, Letters to Young,”
noticed, 503.
Foissac, cin. urn, 320.
- Fowler, Augusta, 357.
|
}
|
INDEX TO VOL. XLIII.
Folk Lore. Children’s games,
calendar of, 566. Cramp balls
of fungus, 476. Method of
securing site of cottage, 504,
Of the Warminster district, by
V.S. Manley, noticed, 238.
Spectral funeral, 239. Trow-
bridge rhyme, 504. See also
Bugley; Elder; Sloes; Ghost,
Horse, headless ; Lent Crock or
Panshard night; Longbridge
Deverill, Jews wall; Shrof Tues-
day.
Folk songs and music, local dis-
tribution, art. noticed, 250.
And locality, art. noticed, 501.
Folkestone, Viscount, 417.
Folly Farm, Savernake, Fungi, 149.
Fomes, species, 465, 470.
Fontevrault Abbey, 514. Order
of, Churches in England, 134.
Fonthill=F untgeal, 125.
Roman brooch, 384,
Fooke, Francis, 412.
Foord, Edw., ‘‘ Winchester and
Salisbury,” noticed, 371.
James, 405.
Foot, Jane, 402. Rob., 404.
Ford, 339. And Slaughterford,
New Church, art. on, noticed,
244,
Ford, Thos., 340.
Fordingbridge, 109.
Fordnam (Norf.), 413.
Forman, John, 195, 199.
Forster, Geo., 564.
Fosbury Camp, 208.
Foscutt, 302,
Fosseway, 227, 369.
Fovant, pits for storage, grain, 129.
War badges cut in turf,
illust., 242. See Chiselbury
Camp ; Fir Hill.
Fowell, Rich., 585.
Fowle, Fulwar, enlarges Amesbury
Vicarage, 134,
Edw.,
538. Rev. H. R., 357. R.
C., on manorial documents, 353.
Rob., deed, 416, 417.
Fox, Dr. Cyril, 364.
| Fox, Rt. Hon. Hen., 287.
'Foxbury Wood, Fungi, 143—151,
| 467 —472, 475, 476.
_Foxham Field Names, 201.
Demesne land, strips, 201.
yceholders. 200.
he XLUIL—NO. CXLVI.
|
599
Foxley Church, art. and illust.,
noticed, 382.
Frampton, James, 306,
Francis, C., 395.
Franklin, Geo. & Jacob, 416, 417.
Fraser, A.,242. Art. by, noticed,
376.
“ Freebench,” defined, 202.
Freem, Josh., 302.
Freeman, Edw., 429.
Freemantle, G., 240.
Freeth, John & Will., 415.
Freke, R., 481.
Friars Waddon (Dors.), cin. urn,
Fricker, Chr., 424. [323.
Frippsbury see Figsbury.
Frome, 456.
Froxfield, Almshouse Copse, Fungi,
472. Somerset Hospital, 356,
495.
Fruticicola, species, 434.
Fry, H., buys Bradenstoke, 447.
John, 206.
Fuller, Geo., 567. G. P., 250,
John, builds Neston, 537.
John Bird, 537, 538. Major
R. F., buys Tropenell Cartulary,
339 ; on Avon Rubber Co, 567.
Fumaria Vaillantii, 231.
Funeral of Dame Ann Cobb, 412.
Fungi, cultivated by Greeks and
Romans, 148. In Savernake
Forest, C. P. Hurst on, 223,
465—476, 497. Charm
for cramp, 476. Cure for
swollen face, 470. Edible, 469,
471, 478, 474. Poisonous,
deaths from, 152—155, 476.
Razor strop, 470.
“ Furlongs ” in open fields, 193.
Fyfield (Phiphide ; Withiglea),A.S.
Charter, 124. ~ Sarsens, illust.,
367.
Fyfield Bavant, 124. Camp, age
of, 319. Cin. urn, 323.
Combs, 76, 77. Jers) (G0), (Nl
date of, 51,; excavated, 40, 41,
501; number of, 540; Animals
bones, 91; Dog, 487; Bone
needles, 78. Tron cleats, 83;
Tron ring-headed pin, 82; La
Tene I. village, 320, 321; Loom
weights, 76,77; no flint imple-
ments, 88, 161, 321; Pottery
balls, 86 ; Pottery of Early Iron
Age, 51, 71, 72, 78, 486; Saddle
()uerns, 88.
25
600
Fynemore, Rog., 5389.
Gagea lutea, 232.
Gale, Dr., 245. John, 423.
Galley property, 307.
Gallipoli, 106.
Gallows on Scotch Fir, Alvediston,
324,
Gandy, Ida, writings, 385.
Ganoderma, species, 470.
Gardens, see Bowood ; Cheney
Court ; Chippenham, Mrs.
White’s.
Gardiner, Canon Will., obit and
writings, 113, 114.
Garnett, Barbara, Chr., & W., 105.
Charles, obit., 105.
Garrett, Capt., 337.
Garrowby (Yorks), bronze awl, 322.
CGarsdon, acct. of, noticed, 502.
Church, plate, lost and recovered,
945, 499; illusts., 244; Washing-
ton Monument removed and re-
covered, 244, 245; Illust., 499.
Manor, illusts., 499, 502;
Ghost’s chamber, 245; Wash-
ington arms from, illust., 499.
Washington family, art. noticed,
244; Laurence Washington, 499.
“Gasper, The,” periodical, 1915,
hist. of, 30.
Gastard, St. John’s Chapel, 532.
Tithing, 518.
Gastrell, James, 300.
Gatesturd, Rob. of, 539.
Gauntlett, W. B., 494.
Gauze Brook (Brokenborough), 124,
Gaveston, Peter de, holds Corsham,
514.
Gavrinis (Morbihan), Megalithic
carvings, 211.
Gay, poet, at Amesbury, 250, 505.
Geaster, species, 474.
Gee, Eliz., 409.
Gellideg (Carm.), 114.
Genealogy, Wilts, MS. notes given
by J. Sadler, 113, 142, 214.
Gent, G. M. —Guy Miege, 38.
James, 235.
Geoglossum, species, 475.
Geology, “ Lamellibranch fauna
of Oxford, Berks, and Wilts,”
noticed.509. ‘Of Marlborough
country,’ by H. J. O. White,
noticed, 367, 368. See High-
worth ; Mere.
Geo. III. imports Merino sheep,
454,
John, 299.
INDEX TO VOL. XLIII.
Geranium, species, 135.
Gerrish, Thos., 420.
Ghent, Bp. Simon of,
printed, 40, 213, 255, 441.
Ghost laid at Longleat, 239.
Giants’ graves (Oare), scheduled,
176.
Gibbons, W., 408. Walt.,
Will., 538.
Gibbs, Rt. Hon. G. A., 102.
Gibling, Pheebe, d. of John, 494..
Giggleswick, 224.
Gilbert, Marion G., 358.
Giles, Will, 480.
Gillingham, 116.
(paper), 33.
Gillman, Ch., gifts, 510.
Gillson, Col., writings, 246.
Gilmour, Francis & James A,,
printers, 26. _
Gishford, Steph., 410.
Gilun, Walt., 513. :
Glare, Absolom, 429, 430.
Glasgow, St. Mary’s, 115.
Glass beads,segmented,of Egyptian _
Amesbury barrow, |
origin, 138 ;
BIN, BID 2 Rom.-Brit., Stockton,
392 (fig.); Stratified eye
beads, Swallowcliffe Pits,
H. W. Beck on, 88, 89 ( jig.).
Glass, painted, Corsham Ch., 444 ;
Inglesham Ch., 165, 166: N.
Cerney Ch., 220; Kington St.
Michael Ch., 443; Wilton Ch.,
45.
Glass, Rev. Rich., tithe, 477—481.
Thos, 421.
Glastonbury, lake village, 343 ; 4 |
Animals, dog, 487; Polled ox,
78. Bone awls, 80 ; Combs, |
76. 773; Dress fastener, 81;
Needles, 78. Bronze needles,
The Clay balls, 86. Flint
tools, 87. Tron bill hooks, 83.
Tron Age pottery, 70, 73. |
Pit with ladder, 60.
Glebe lands, sold, 116.
Glendalough, seven Churches, 363, |)
(Jloucester, taken by Saxons, 371. im
, Earl of, founds |
Gloucester, Will.
Keynsham Abbey, 502. :
Goare, Little (field), 309. |
Goatacre, drinking cup, 275. 4
Geology, 367.
Gobet, Richd., 348. |
Goddard family of Purton, 171. |
Annica Susan, 173. Anth,, |
register |
296.
“ Record ” |
|
INDEX TO VOL. XLIIt. 601
169, 170, 171. Cecil V., gift,
510. Edw., 170. Edw. of
Clyffe Py pard, 173 ; of Hartham,
530. Eliz, 170. Frances,
169, 170. Horatio Nelson,
buys Purton Ho., 171. Marg,
171. Mary, 169—171. Nich.,
171. Sarah, 170,171. Thos.,
of Rudloe, 132. Will., 195,
198.
Goddard, E. H_, 204. A Bib-
liographical Catalogue of
printed materials for the
Hist. of Wiltshire, arranged
under parishes, 492, 493.
Bronze implements not
previously mentioned, 350
—352. Diggings, Cold Kit-
chen, 180. Gifts, 141, 252, 509,
573. Guide, 46, 218, 220, 443,
445, Notes and remarks, 42,
43, 215, 219, 334, 335, 345.
Godding, Walt. H., obit., 355.
Godsal, Major P. T., gift, 252.
Theory of Wansdyke refuted,
561, 562. “lhe Conquests of
Ceawlin,” noticed, 368—371.
Godwin, Karl, 512. Family, 285.
Mr., 287. Eliz., 292.
Jer., 404, 405. Nath., 297, 298,
307, 427, 428. T. S., 458.
Widow, 404. Will., 292.
Goidels invasion, date, 319.
Gold disks, Mere barrow, 276; found
with drinking cups, 269.
Plated bronze finger ring, 74.
Golden Ball Hill, flints, 161.
Goldeneye Duck, 135.
Goldney, Sir F. H., 113, 534, 536.
Gabriel, 113, 297, 3U9, 357,
536; Sir Gabriel buys Corsham,
Rectory Manor, 127, 524, Sir
Gab. Prior, owned Bradenstoke,
447 ; obit., 113. Sir John T.,
owns Corsham Rectory, 127.
Sarah, 309.
Goniodiscus, species, 325, 434, 487.
Good Friday, ‘‘ Best Ball,” 239.
_ Goodenough, Fr., 302.
|
:
|
|
Rich., 304.
Goodere, Alf., Salisbury
‘Times, 33.
Goodmanham (Yorks), bronze awl,
323.
Goodwynn, Sir Fr,, 411.
Gore, James & Eliz., 420.
Gosling, W. F., 417,
“edits:
Gospel Oak, origin of name, 380.
|
Gower, Stanley, 564.
Grafton, 207.
Grafton, East, alleys, Gt. and
Little, 567. A.S. Charter, 125.
Betts Farm, 567. Shapel
Meadow, 567. Church built,
567. Green and Manor Farms,
567, ‘‘ More items of local
interest,” by W. M. Adams,
noticed, 567. Old Farm, 567.
Parish formed, 567. | Pax found,
567. Pills Pond, Pypers Barn,
Stubbed Park, Timber Yard, 567.
Vicars, acct. of, 567. See
also Wexcombe.
Grail, 19.
Grandinia, species, 471.
Grandisson, Will. de, 496.
Grant, John, 307. Will., 401,
403, 404.
Grant Meek, Misses, gift, 41.
Graunt, John, Abbott of Keyn-
sham, 502.
Grave furniture broken purposely,
437.
Gray, H. St. G., excavation at
Avebury.441 ; at Chute, 41 ; On
Theso-calledKenwardstone
at Chute Causeway, 207—
212 (fig.). Steph., 195, 199.
Grebe, Gt. Crested, 231.
Green, G. M., edits ““ The Gasper,”
30. Geo., 308, 309. Reg.
le 32s Thos., 415.
Greenaway, Anth., 206.
Greenlane, Rich., BAT,
Greens Cleeve, nr.
geology, 367.
Greenwell, Canon, 270.
Greever, G., writings, 412, 510.
Gregory, Hen., entomologist, 568.
H. G., 373.
Gretton, Mr., guide, 218.
Gretworth, 499.
Grey, Dr., 245.
Griffith, Geo., 419.
Grimes Graves (Norf.), bone picks,
80. Halstatt flint workers,
pottery, 87, 320.
Grims Ditch, notes on, 562.
Grimstead, Hast, Rom. villa, Bath
houses isolated, T-shaped hypo-
caust, Rom. objects, window
glass, &c., ‘‘ Discovery of,” by
Heywood Sumner, noticed, 130
—132. Centennial stone (4),
Idl, 132.
Catcombe,
Peel ee
602 INDEX TO VOL. XLIII.
Grimthorpe, bone lance heads (?),
7D.
“Gripers” in harvest, 197—199.
Grips, John, 406.
Grittleton, 291, 292, 297, 305—308.
Estate held by Houltons,
288, 289-
Grittworth (Northants), 245.
Grosvenor, Lady, port., 136.
Ground Ivy, medicinal, 239.
Groundwell (Blunsden), 17).
Grove, W. B., on Fungi, 476.
Groveley, 306.
Grubbe, Phceebe, Walt., M.P., &
Will., 235.
Grundy, G. B., 371 ; “Saxon land
charters of Wilts, 2nd series,”
noticed, 123—126.
Guajiros, Indians, 60.
Guard, J., 234.
Gudule, St., legend of, 473.
Guernsey ,polished Jadeite celt, 336.
Gule of August, 355.
Gunstone, John, 408. Will., 502.
Guy, Ann, 374. Anth., deed,
374, 414, 415. Eleanor, 414,
415. Hannah, 414. Will.,
537.
Guyers House, see Corsham.
Gwillim, Edw., Ll., obit., 356.
James S., 356.
Gwynn, Steph., writings, 504.
Gyse, Eleanor, d. of Will., 499.
Hackpen Hill. Petticole field,
worked flints, 156, 161.
Hall, John, 402, 403.
Halliday, John, 402.
Susan, 531.
Halse (Som.) manor, 113.
Ham Farm, 494.
Ham Hill, bone pins, 79 (jfig.)
Hammond, J. J., 37, 45 ; Blazons
heraldry, 442 ; Guide, 46.
Handley Hill (Dors.), 171.
Barrows, bronze awl, 323.
Camp, 319. Cin. urns, 316,
NUM SSC), Bie},
Hampshire, central, map of Celtic
Will. &
fields, 130. Down Soc. (sheep),
295.
Hampton, Grace, 535. Miss,
gift, 142.
Hancock family, 537. James,
408. John (I. & II.), deeds,
413—415. Rich., 538.
Thos., 418, 414. Will, 413,
416, 417. ©
Hancorne, Will., 535.
Hand, John & Jane, 422.
Handford, Capt., 536.
Hanham, Sir Will., 537. See -
Hannam.
Hankerton, acct. of, noticed, 502.
Hankey, Basil, gifts, 142, 442, 509 ;
H ospitality, 443.
Hanks, Miss, 376.
Hannam, John, 195, 198.
Hanney, Long (Bucks), lvoe
Hannington Wick, Roman build- |
ing, 503.
Hanry, Walt., 302.
Haranvilliers, fungus poisoning,
466.
Harden, Widow, 340.
Hardenhuish, 309.
Hardwick (Glos.), 295, 296.
Harnham, Roundabouts field, 240.
Saxon cemetery, 371.
Swan Inn, 240.
Harnham, East, 107.
Harries, Thos. & Alice, Will. &
Johanna, deeds, 347.
Harris, Dr., 340. Ch. & Co.
(Calne), 106. Geo., 106.
John, 403.
Harris’s Hill, flint scrapers, &c.,
156, 158.
Harrison, F., gift, 385. Betty, |
James, Rebecca, 431. John, —
430. Harrison’s Picture Book
(Devizes), 573.
Harry, Walt., 306.
Hart, Steph., 408.
Hartford, Rob., 427, 428.
Hartham, 518. Barrow, 511. |
Goddard family, —
Kstate, 536.
530. House,511. In Domes-
day, 512. Held by Duckett |
family, 194.
Harvard University, 562.
Harvy, Rob., 403, 404.
Haskell, Thos. (L. & IT), 407.
Haskins, Ch., gift, 252; Guide, 44, |
46 ; Portrait subscribed for, 44. |
Haslemere Museum, 476. |
Hassocks (Sussex), cin. urn, 323.
Hatton, Sir Chr. holds Corsham |
advowson, 514, 523.
Haughmond Abbey, 4
Havant, 559.
Haverfield, Prof., remarks, 131. |
Hawkins, Mr., 334. Abraham, |
Alb. Rich., 299. Rog. and |
Edith, deed, 347.
INDEX TO VOL. XLITII.
Hawley, Col. W., 86, 137; Guide,
45; Excavates Stonehenge, 41,
214, 351, 442 ; Reports on Stone-
henge, noticed, 117—122, 138,
358—361.
Hawthorn charcoal, prehistoric, 89.
Haxton Down, barrows opened,
41. |
Haydon (Rodbourne Cheney),
Evans’ estate, 169,171. Wick,
school endowed by Cath. Wayte,
172.
Hayman, Sir Will., 221.
Haynes, Ed., deed, 347.
Hayter, Sir Geo., painter, 244.
Hayward family, 287,288. Jesse,
298. Mary, 405. Reuben,
416, Thos., legend of his
money, 567. Will., 430.
Hazara, 108.
Hazel charcoal, prehistoric, 90.
Hazelbury Church, site of. 377.
“Manor restoration,” by Chr.
Hussey, illusts., noticed, 377,
378; chimneys, 378; Dower
House, drawing room and hall,
378; Gate piers, 378; Speke
family, 538; Work of Bonham
and Croke, 377, 378; Visited.
445, Valuation, 1628, 341.
Head, John, 340.
Headholds, 534.
Heanage, Ch., 305.
Hearm, J., painter, 27.
Hearst, Mary, d. of Will, 169.
_ Heart burial, Kington Priory, 20.
Hebeloma, species, 148.
Heddington, King’s Play Down,
barrows scheduled, 177, 178.
Manor held by Mompesson &
Welles. 291, 292 Wick,
Roman remains, 503. )
_ Hednesford, 110.
Hedyngton, Will. de, deed, 347.
Helix, species, 325,434. Aspersa,
Saxon cemetery, 100. Nemor-
alis, 90; Series given, 40.
Pomatia, Grimstead, 132.
Hellier, Geo., 307.
Hellis, John, 427.
_ Helotium, species, 475.
Helps, Walt., 532.
Helston, 113.
Helvella, species, 475.
Heneage, C. W., gift, 384.
Henering (—), 417.
Hengistbury (Hants), finger-tip
603
pottery. 319.
ments, 87.
Henley-on-Thames, 495.
Henly (—), 340.
Henslow (—), 340.
Henswood, Bustard shot, 333.
Heraldry, arms of Coker, 171.
Chippenham, 132. Evans,
168, 171. Lewis, 296.
Houlton, 289, 298. Martin,
2977. Mompesson, 285.
Walker, 306. Washington, 499.
Wayte, 171. White, 289.
Herbert, Geo., art. on, noticed,
250. Will., 1st E. of Pembroke,
life, by J. J. Daniell, 510.
Herridge Farm, 495.
Herring, Mr., 479.
Herriott paid to Lord, 196, 202,
203, 205, 299.
Hert, Eliz. ; Hen. le; John; Reg.;
deeds, 347.
Hertford, Lord, builds bridge at
Marlborough, 497. Kdw.,
Karl of, 505. Will. Seymour,
Marquis of, 505.
Hevens, Will., 406.
‘“* Hewe & Cry ” raised, 507.
Hewer, T. F. Guys Rift,
Slaughterford, an Early
Iron Age habitation, 483—
489 (figs.).
Hewes, Jane, 422.
Hewett, John, 308.
Heydon, Rich., 414.
Heysham (Lancs) Chapel, Saxon
work, 228.
Heytesbury, 291, 456. Barrows,
drinking cups, 274. Heytes-
bury House sale, 509, 568.
Lock-up, illust.,239. Property,
292. Woollen industry, 449.
See also Bowls barrow.
Heytesbury, Lord, 337; gift, 141.
Marg., Lady, 568.
Heyward, Mary, 403.
Hibberd, Eliz., deed, 303.
per (I. & IL), 303, 308.
(I. & II.), deeds, 295, 303.
Kath., 303. Rich., 293.
Thos., 416, 417.
Hide, measure defined, 533.
Hieracium, species, 496.
Higdon, Thos., 502.
Higgs, h., 417.
Highfield Pits, deer horns, querns,
spindle whorls, 80, 86, 88.
Flint imple-
Jas-
John
604 INDEX TO VOL. XLIII
Highworth, 172. ** And neigh-
bourhood,” guide book by H. R.
Hopkins, noticed, 566, 5738,
Barn destroyed, 566. Child-
ren’s games, 566. Church,
666; helmet and coat, 379.
Geology, 247, 251, 500, 562.
Redlands Court, 247. Ringers
horn cup, 586.
Hiket, John & Nich., 348.
Hilcot farm, 494.
Hill Deverill,
Church,” 239.
Hill, Rev. A. D., 46. Rev.
Geoffry, obit. and writings, 107,
108. Mrs., 85. Dr. Richd.,
107. Richd. H., 107. Rob.,
348, 376.
Hiller, Thos., 340.
Hilliard, widow, & James, tithes,
479, 480.
Hillier, alias Clark, Thos., 294.
Hillman, Gervase & Mary, 420.
Hilmarton, 302, 448. _ Deeds,
573. Geology, 367, 500, 562.
See also Goatacre.
Hilperton, “ Tie downs,” 504.
Hindon, 247.
Hinks, A. R., on Stonehenge and
Karnack, noticed, 237.
Hinton (Steeple Ashton), 296.
Hinton, Little, Thos. & Mary Coker,
169,
Hinton, F. H., 381.
Hippenscombe, 207, 208.
Hirneola, species, 472.
Hiscock, John, 310.
Hiscocks, John, 195, 198.
History of Wilts, see Biblio-
graphical.
Hitchen, 103.
Hitchens, Will., 380.
Hoare, Sir Hen., 250.
241, 267, 268, 336, 389.
Hobhouse, Sir C., excavates Monk-
ton Farleigh, 13.
Hodding & Jackson, 106.
Hodges, D., 37.
Hodson, Mr, 37.
Hogs Well,Cley Hill, legend of,238.
Holborough, Jos., 298, 307.
Holbury, Roman Villa, 131.
Holcroft, Will., 170,
Holcus, species, 476.
Holden, Mr., sheep, 459.
Holder, Jacob, 406.
Holford, P., 418.
t)
‘‘Clipping the
Sir R. C.,
John, 424,
Hollampton (Hollompton) Knok,
291, 292.
Holland, Lord, held Seagry, 286.
Rogers, 133. ‘
Holliday, Ann, w. of Jeffery, 415.
John, 401, 402. Rob., 479,
481.
Hollis, Rob. & Eliz., 310.
Holly charcoal, prehistoric, 90.
Holowaye, John, deed, 347.
Holt, 402, 404, 405, 408.
Holy loaf custom, defined, 204.
Hony, Rev. C., 385. G. |
Sheep Farming i in Wiltshire
with short history of the |
Hampshire Down breed, |
449 —464 (illust.).
Hood, Capt., guide, 448.
Hook (Hants), 107.
Tregoze), 294.
Hooper, Pet, 417.
Hoper, John & Will., 348.
Hopkins, Mrs. H. R., gift, 573.
Hornblotton (Som.), 288.
Hornby, Mary E., d. of Dr., 357.
Horne, Thos., 415. |
Horningsham, 416. Bakery, 239.
Chapel, illust., 239. See
also Woodhouse. |
Hornington (Som.), 408.
Horse, Headless, apparition, 239.
Horseshoe Copse, worked flints,156, |
Hortham, Martin of, 513.
Horton, 538. Farm, 494.
Down, earthworks scheduled, |
176. (Dors.), cin. urn, 317, 323.
Horton, Mrs., 107. Ch, 107. |
Hen., 106, 107, 296. Hen. |
James, obit., 106. Garnet, 356.
James, obit., 855, 356.
John (I. & II.), 355, 356, 481.
(Lydiard :
Maud, 503. Richd, 406. |
Rob. 107. Thos. (1. & IT.)y |
406, 503.
Horwode, Will. of, builds Hall at |
Corsham Ho., 515. e|
Hosier, A. J., dairy farm at Wex- |
combe, 379, 501.
Hotchkin, Ch., 428.
Hotchkins, Fr., 412.
Houlton family, arms, 298.
Deeds, Seagry, &c., 296—298, |
306—810, Capt., property, |
309. Mr., 286. John, 298, |
307, 808, 309, 310; Rear Adm.
J ohn, owns Seagry and Grittle- |
ton, 289. Jos. (I. & II.), 287, |
INDEX TO VOL. XLII. 605
296—298, 301, 302, 306, 307 ; buys
Seagry, 286. Mary, 298, 306—
308. Nath., deeds, 298, 301—
303, 305—308 ; owns Seagry, 288,
289. Briccilla: 298. Rob.,
296-—298 ; deeds, 305—309.
Houndwood, 131.
Hour glass stand, Inglesham Ch.,
167.
Houseman, John, 409.
Houses, see Bowood, Cheney Court,
Corsham Court, Devizes, Hazel-
bury, Woolmore.
Howard, Phil., 499.
Howorth, Sir Hen., 139.
Hubbard, Hesketh, colour prints
of Salisbury. noticed, 372.
Hudson, Mrs. J. C., obit. and port.,
108. Leonora, 251.
Hughes, R., sheep, 456.
Hulbert family, 536, 538. Geo.,
& Martha, built Woolmore Ho.,
Sho. Gifford, 339, 341.
John & Joan, 375. Richd. &
Rob., 375. Thos., 295; sells
Woolmore, 375.
Martha, 538.
Will. &
_ Hull Museum, drinking cup, 275.
|
Hull, Jos, 406. Sam., 402.
_ Thos., 803.
Hullavington, 415, Art. on
noticed, 382. Register saved
and returned, 41. Soldiers
grave long barrow, 227.
&c., lists of, 382.
Human remains, Alvediston bar-
row, 4:34 Figsbury Rings,
Sir A. Keith on, 52, 53.
Swallowcliffe pits, 62. W ood-
minton barrows, 315. In
A.D. Passmore’s Collection,
Sir A. Keith on, 311—312.
Bronze Age and modern skele-
tons compared, 312. Pyorr-
heea in teeth, 52. Saxon
skeleton in barrow, Alvediston,
436. Skulls from Alton, Bul-
ford, Figheldean, 140, 350; from
Slaughterford rift, 485, 487—489
(figd.); Beaker people, 491 : Karly
Iron Age, Neolithic, River bed,
Rom. Brit., 488 ; Dolichocephalic
with beaker, 311, 312; portion
sawn off, Amesbury, 271; separ-
ated from skeleton, Saxon, 437.
* Whorl made from Patella,
Vicars,
Humaria, species, 475.
pune Dick, Rt. Hon. W. W. F.,
Humewood (Ireland), 102.
Humphrey family, 535. Mr.,
sheep, 459, 460. Will., 458.
Humphries, Sam., 37.
Humphreys, Lt.-Col. Rob., 337.
Hundreds, origin of, 512, 533.
Hungary, glass beads, 89.
Hungerford, 306, 459.
Hungerford, arms on tiles, 4.
Sir Edw., 287, 530; buys Cor-
sham House, 128, 516, Dame
Marg., 287, 288; Builds gallery
in Corsham Ch., 127, 525;
Founds Corsham Almshouse,
530. Ld. Rob., effigy with
collar of S.S., 246. Sir Walt.
holds Monkton Farleigh, 10;
Property at Calstone, 194.
Hunsbury, Iron Age pottery, 70.
Hunsdon (Herts.), 299.
Hunt, Mr., 340. C. H. on sheep,
453. Hugh, 418.
Hunt-Grubbe, Thos. & Will., 235.
Huntley, John, 421, 426.
Hurdcott, ragstone used at Stone-
henge, 120. War.badges cut
in turf, illust., 242.
Hurst,C. P. Savernake For-
est Fungi. 143—155, 465—
476; Writings, w&c., 135, 233, 497.
Hussey, T. W., 117.
Hutchings, A. B., excavations, 282.
John & George, 405.
Huts, rectangular, 62.
Hutton Moor (Yorks), earthworks,
50.
Hutton, Thos., 458.
Hyde, Lady Kath., 505. Chief
Justice Sir Rob., effigy, 246.
Hydnum, species, 465, 471.
Hydrocybe, species, 150,
Hygromia, species, $0, 100, 325.
Hygropborus, Species, 140, 150,
465— 467.
Hymenocheete, species, 472.
Hymenoptera, Marlborough, 232.
Hypericum, species, 135.
Hypholoma, species, 144, 149.
Hypomyces, species, 145, 474, 476.
Hypoxylon, species, 476.
Ibadar (Africa), 246.
Iberian, Neolithic colonists, 571.
Idmiston, A.S. charter, 124. Cin.
urn, 323,
606 INDEX TO VOL. XLIII.
Iford, 125. Horton family, 503.
Iggisden, John, 417.
Iles, C. J. (Purton), 244.
Illust. Lond. Miscellany, 34.
Imber, 239, 247, 403. Hulbert
family,375, Wadman’s Coppice,
drinking cup, 275.
Imber, Geo., John, & Jane, 420.
Inchfawn, Fay, gift and writings,
252; “Adventures of a Homely
Woman,” noticed, 376, 377.
Incledon, Ben, 298, 307, 308.
Inglesham, 355. Church, by
C. E. Ponting, 163—167
(figs.) ; Brass matrix, 166;
Glass, 165, 166; Stone reredos,
fragment, 167. Churchyard
cross, 167 (jfig.). Manor given
to Beaulieu Abbey, 164.
Inkpen Beacon (Berks), Wansdyke,
123, 560, 561.
Inocybe, species, 143, 148, 152.
Insall, Squadron leader G. vie
gift, 491, 509.
Inverness, ‘stone circles, 363.
Tron, date of introduction, 129.
Tron arrowhead, Winterslow, 337.
sickles and knife, Aldbourne,
384. Socketed celt, 190 (figd.).
See Early Iron Age; Roman.
Ironwork, hinges, Inglesham Ch.,
164.
Irpex, species, 471.
Isabel, Princess, 514.
Isborn, Miss, writings, noticed,
245 ; see Wiltshire, Mary.
Jackson,’ Messrs., gifts, 4.
Canon J. E., on Amesbury Ch.,
133 ; on “ Kenwardstone,” 207,
210, 211. J. W.,on animal
bones from Swallowcliffe
Pits, 90O—92,487. Richd.,
299. Wilfred. 88. W. H.,
obit., 357.
Jacob family, deeds, 251.
Jaggards, dovecote and fireplace,
537. See Corsham.
James, Lady Ann, charity, Cor-
sham, 530.
Jaques, Joane, 308.
Jarvis, Ben., 306.
Jason, Sir Rob., held Somerford,
289. Rob. (junr.), 299.
Jeane, Mr., 307, John, 307 ;
Major, 101.
Jeffery, John & Will., 340.
Jefferys, Richd., 206,
Jeffries, John, 478, 481. |
Jennings, Louisa A., d. of Edw., |
114. |
Jesse window, Salisbury Cath., |
240.
Jesse, John, 427, 428,
Jet mined by Neolithic man, 565. —
Necklace, Garrowby (Yorks.), |
322.
Jewell, Bp., 568.
Jews Ear Fungus, 472.
Joan 4 Gore Church, site of, 497,
498.
Joan (Queen), holds Corsham, |
1261, 514, 523.
Jocelyn (Bp.), 18.
Johnson, Geo., 417. J., 37.
ane Pe 29
Johnson (or Janssens), Corn.,
painter, 499.
Jones family, 538. (—), 408.
A., 487. Dan., deed, 409, 410.
Eliz., 405, 406. Rev. E. |
Rhys, 184; Guide, 45. Canon |
R. C. 8. guide, 218. — Rev. ©
W.H., MS. note books, 41.
Jones Bateman, Mrs., 562. :
Jordan, Abraham, organ builder, ©
499.
Jourdain, M., writings, 241.
Jowett, Mr., 43, 136, 338.
Joy, Phyllis, story of, 565.
Judas, hanged on elder, 472.
Juniper Down, flints, 248.
Jury, John, 308.
Jutes, conquest of Hants, 368.
Karnack ‘Temple, axis cleared, |
Lockyer’s theories disproved, ©
237.
Khyber, troopship, 106.
Keary & Stokes, 358.
Keen, Eliz., 420. John, 417,
419, 420.
Keevil A. 8. charter, 125. Cot-
tages, timber framed, illust., 504, |
Manor bought, 224; House, |
139. Tallboys Ho., 139.
Keiller, Alex., 248 ; Air photo- |
graphs, 42, ‘194 ; Buys and ex- |
cavates Windmill Hill, Avebury, |
D5 449 Om Aberdeenshire _
circles, 365; Private museum,
442.
Keith, Sir A., 88; On human bones, |
90, 101, 395, 434; From Ebbes- |
bourne Wake, 325; From
Figsbury, 52, 53; From |
INDEX TO VOL. XLII. 607
Netheravon,491; from Slaughter-
ford, 483; In coll. of A. D.
Passmore,112—113; Saxon
Skull, <Alvediston, 437—
439 ; Saxon Cemetery,
Broadchalke, 97—100, 101.
Kellaways Rock, list of fossils,
367, 368.
Kelson, Sam., 430.
Kemble, notes on, 113.
Kemp, Geo., 430.
Kendall, Rev. H. G. O., 343; Ex-
cavations, 273; gifts, 140,214,573;
Flints, 156; On flint tools, noticed,
247; Notes and writings, 335, 573.
Kennard, A. S., on mollusca, 90,
100, 325, 434,
Kennet River, art. on, noticed,
504, And Avon Canal, 135 ;
First navigable, 506; Fungi,
472.
Kennet, 453.
Kennet, East, barrow opened, 275.
Bushey Penning sarsens,
335. Drinking cups, 268, 275.
Langdean stone circle, 179.
Long barrow, scheduled, 177.
Kennet, West, long barrow, beaker
pottery, 269, 273; Illust., 568 ;
Made of chalk rock from a dis-
tance, 368. Stone of Avenue
found, 341.
Kennington (London), fungi, 149.
Kensington, Bishop F. E. Ridg-
_ way, 115, 218. Royal Borough,
208.
Kent, Duke of, 573. Karl of,
killed at Cirencester, 217.
Kent, Justice J., ‘Constitutions
of Devizes,” 233; His ledger
given to Museum, 41. Steph.,
— 409.
Kenwardstone, see Chute Cause-
way: Farm, (Burbage), 207.
Kerley, Mr., 101. S., 88.
Kerry Cattle, prehistoric type, 91,
‘Kerry, Earl of, gifts, 40, 192, 441,
572. Excavates Roman house
at Nuthills, Sandy Lane, 215.
The Customs of the Manors
of Calstone and Bremhill,
192—206.
Ketchley, Rev. H. E., 246, 487;
| pats. 141, 142, 385; writings,
82
Key River (? Rey), 168.
| Keynes family [Kaynes], 535, 537,
VOL, XLITI.L—NO,. CXLVI.
a
538. Ayliffe & John, 304, 305,
308.
Keynsham Abbey, property, 502.
Keynston (Dors.), cin. urn, 323.
Kidston, G. J., restores Hazelbury
Manor, 377, 378, 445 ; Hospital-
ity, 445,
Kilmington, White Sheet Hill bar-
row drinking cup, 275, 276.
Kilpec, Hugh de, holds Rockley,
497.
Kimble, flint implements, 160, 161.
King, Messrs., 459. (——), 333.
Ernest, 334. Harman,
297. Hen., sheep, 406.
John, 206. Richd, 287, 294.
S., sheep, 459.
Kingfisher, 243.
King’s Coll., Camb., holds Corsham
Ch., 126.
Kingsbridge, 354,
Kingston Deverell, cin. urn, 323.
* Dolmen,” illust., 239.
Kingston Farm, Savernake, 355.
Kingston Hill (Surrey),cin. urn,323.
Kingston, Countess of, 403; see
Pierrepont, Rachel.
Kingston, Dukeof, 405. Duchess,
see Chudleigh, Eliz.
Kington Langley, 304. Great
house enlarged, 105.
Kington Lawrence, 535.
Kington St. Michael, 304, ‘* Min-
chyn Kington,” 18. Alms-
houses, 250. Art. on noticed,
250. Church, fall of tower,
window to Aubrey and Britton,
250, 443; Visited, 443. In
“ John Inglesant,” 376.
Nymphhay (field name), 20.
“Old Jaques,” 20. Tablet to
J. Britton, 250,
Kington Priory. By H. Brak-
spear, 18—25, illusts.
Chalice in grave, 20. Bene-
factions of Brinton & Mortimer,
18. Church, altar cloth and
images, 19; St. James’ Chapel,
19, 22. Cloister, & buildings,
22,23. Glass, Bodenham Arms,
20. Heart burial monument,
20. Precincts, plan, 21.
Property. 289. Relics, 18.
Royal corrody, 24, 25. Stone
coffin, 20. Suppression, 19.
Kington, Richd., builds Jaggards,
LBYE
0)
608 INDEX TO VOL. XLIII.
Kinnoul, Eliz., d. of Earl of, 114.
Kinwardstone Hundred, identi-
fied ?, 207.
Kirby, Richd., Corsham Charity,
530.
Kite, Edw., hon. member Wilts
Arch. Soc., 39, 42; on Amesbury
Church, 133; ‘La Rewe, Devizes,
503; Long St., Devizes, No. 30,
499 ; Old Houses, 235 5 Writings,
507.
Kits Grave, Chetols Barrow, &c.,
124.
Knapp Hill Camp, drinking cup,
270. Excavations, plans given,
384, 510. Neolithic, 571.
Scheduled, 176.
euepp, Mare. .» 299. Mary, 301,
2, 308. Richd., 300— 302,
ne Sam., 299, 300 : Will. of,
300. Will., 299, 300.
Knave, Rob., 348.
Knight, Richd., 408. —_Rob., deed,
347.
Knighton, derivation, 124. Hill
Camp, age of, 319.
Knook castle and Long barrow,
scheduled, 176, 177.
Knossos (Crete), amber disk, 565.
Knowle (Little Bedwyn), cin. urns,
399, 441. Golden Oriole, 135.
Knoyle, Kast, 423. Art. on,
noticed, 382. Church, figures
in, 382. W.L. Bowles at, 563.
Population, 382.
Knoyle, West, A.S. Charter, 124.
Knubley, Canon E. P., 216; Gift,
141, 252; Abstracts of deeds
relating to Methuen family
at Bradford, Corsham, &c.,
401—431, 442. Remarks,
219.
Krakowska, Jos. & Madame, 466.
Kyneton or Kington family, 537.
La Tene Brooches, 180. Chariots,
400. La TenelI. bronze brooch,
343 (fig.); iron brooch, 182( figd.);
village and camp,F yfield Bavant,
320, 321 ; See Swallowcliffe.
La Tene II. bronze ‘brooch, 181
( figd.); iron brooches, 182( figd.);
327 ( figd.).
Labourers diet, Calstone, 199.
Lackham, Normead, 381.
Lacock, 241, 375, 493. Art. on,
noticed, 243. Abbey, 1, 244,
375; art. on, noticed, 374;
Lansdown, G., gifts, 142, 251;\)
Church, Lady Chapel added, 5 ;
Cloister, 4; Conduit house, 17 ; —
“Story of,” by A. Watson, no- }
ticed 494, Archery butts, 381. 7
Churchwarden’s accts., art.
on noticed, 381. Parish |
weapons, 1594, 381. Wick,
Roman building, 503. Work-
house, 528. :
Lactarius, species, 143, 150, 151, |
465, 468. |
Lagny (France), fungi eaten, 474.
Lake, barrows, drinking cups, 278 ; |
Scheduled, 177,178. | Cin. urn, |
323.
Lake dwellings, fungus found in, |
465, 470.
Lakenheath (Norf ), cin. urn, 323.
Lamb, Charles & Bowles, 563.
Lambourne (Berks), cin. urns, 319,
323. |
Lammas fields, derivation, 205.
“ Lanchetts and Lands,” in open
fields, 193. |
‘‘ Land Shares,” in open fields, 198.
Lands End, flint implements, 160,
161.
Langden, Eliz., 170. |
Langford, Hanging, manor held by
Mompessons, 291, 292. |
Langford, Steeple, property, 291, |
292.
Langford, Thos., Bp. of Salisbury, |
arms, 8.
Langley Burrell, 106. Church,
Deed, 298.
visited, 447.
“* Oldborow,”
“ Little Goare,”
field names, 309.
Langton, Jos., 412. a
Lanhill long barrow, 227; Sched- §
uled, 177. )
Printer, 35 ; Writings, 242, 251. |
Lansdowne family & W.L. Bowles, |
563,564. Lord, art. on, noticed, |
247 ; Gifts 40; Hospitality, 448 ; |
Ld. Lieutenant, 192. Will., Earl &
of Shelburne, Ist Marquis, 194, |
Large, Eliza, at Moredon, 173.
Thos. & Marg.
Rich., 479.
deed, 348. |
Larmer Grounds=Lefreshmere;)
124.
Latcham, Will., 310. |
Late Celtic, bronze enamelled j
cheek piece, 352 (/fig.). 7
Early Iron Age.
INDEX TO VOL. XLIIL. 609
Latham, Ch., 417. Will., 307,
308.
Launce, John & Elinor, 169.
* Launchers,” in open fields, 193.
Laver (Dors.), A. S. charter, 124.
Laverstock, A. S. charter, 124.
Flints, 247. Handbarrow,
scheduled, 177.
Lavington and Cheverell Volun-
teers, 1809, 337. :
Lavington, Market (East), 427,
494, 498. Barrow opened,
Cin. urn., Mrs. Cunnington
on, 396, 397 (fig.), 441.
Freeth Farm, 396. Manor
estate sold, 224. Sheep, 458.
West Park Farm, 224.
Lavington, West, 245, 348, 498.
Church, note on, 139.
Dauntsey Agricultural School,
224, 495; Dauntsey charity,
schemes and history, 573.
Littleton Mill, birds, art. noticed,
243. Sheep 458.
Lavington, Hugh, 506. And
Hooper, Messrs., 463.
Law, Bonar, 102.
** Lawns” in open fields, 193.
Lawrence, Ann, 286,294, John,
on sheep, 455. Prior, tomb-
stone at Monkton Farleigh, 12.
Rich., 301, 302, Thos.,
senr., port., 236 ; Sets up guide
posts across the plain, 236.
Sir Thos., drawings, 236.
Will. (I. & II.), 293, 294.
Layard, Miss, 54,
Le Goude, Cicely, d. of And., 537.
Lea, David, 406, 407.
Leach, Rob. V., buys Devizes
| Castle, 236.
| Leadbeater, Mr., 333.
_** Leases ” for cows and sheep, pay-
ments for, 480, 482.
Leatherhead, 559.
_ Lechlade, 163.
Lee, Sir F. H., 499.
Leebotwood, 358,
| Legard, Will., 412.
Leigh Hill, Fungi, 470, 474,
Leigh Deere: Green Barrow,
described, 227.
; : Mary, 417,
Thos. (I. & II.), deed, 407,
— 408. Paul, 408.
| Leith, 107.
_ Lent- crock night, customs, 239.
Lentinus, species, 151.
Lenzites, species, 468.
Leotia, species, 475,
Lepiata, species, 467.
Lepidium, species, 496.
Leptonia, species, 147.
Lesseter, Rich, 287, 293—295.
Letchworth (Herts), cin, urn, 323.
Lewes, bronze dagger, 352.
pee property at Bishopstrow,
lene Geo. (I. & II.), 206. Rich.,
and Thos., 296.
Lewys, Will, 529. [ 4.46.
Lichens & mosses, E. N. Tuck on,
Lidbury Camp, excavations, plans,
384, 510.
Lidentune on R. Lidden (Dors.),
charter, 124.
Liddington, A. S. charter, 124.
Castle, bronze ear-ring, 343.
(figd.). Camp and long bar-
row scheduled, 176,177. | Lyd-
ham Weeke, 113. Snods Hill,
Dorcyn Brook, Lyden Stream,
124.
Lilleshall Abbey (Salop), 6
Lillond, John, 347.
Limidz, Corallian fossils, 500.
Limpley Stoke, 406. Church,
Saxon doorway, Baldwin Brown
on, 231. Rubber Co., 567.
Lindsey, Karl of, 172.
Ling Roth., Mr., on combs, 76.
Lippi, Fra Filippo, picture at Cor-
sham, 444,
Lisle, Edw., 402—404 ; Deed, 405,
407, 408. Lady, 403. Dame
Mary, 405; Deed, 402, 403.
Little, Edw. on sheep, 458.
Littlecot legend, 374.
Littleton (Dors.), cin. urn, 323.
Littleton Drew Manor held by
Welles, 291, 292.
Littleton Panel. 495.
Litton Cheney (Dors.) charter, 124.
Liverpool, 460.
Livingstone, Canon, port., 381.
Llewellyn, John D., 354.
Lloyd, John and Susanna, 309.
Lobb, Sam., 298.
Locke, Wadham & Anne, 396, 374.
Lockeridge, Bronze Age beaker
and flint dagger, Mrs. M. E.
Cunnington on, 395 (fiz);
140, 214, 441. Rom. coin,
Stanley Copse, 140, 251.
ee Wee
610 INDEX TO VOL. XLIII.
Lockwood, John, 418.
Lockyer, Sir N., theory of Karnack
disproved, 237 ; Stonehenge cal-
culations upheld, 237, 238, 363.
Loder, Will., buys Moredon, 174.
Lolium, species, 467, 476,
London. Castle Baynard Ward,
412. ‘* Counpters ” bene-
faction, 411. Brockas June,
411. Fetter Lane, Rose Alley,
412. Packett Court, 411.
Rifle Brigade war badge on turf,
242. St. Michael Bassishaw,
benefaction, 410—412. St.
Bride’s, Fleet St., 411, 412.
’ Thames St., 412. University
School of Archeology, 569.
Long [Longe] family, 538.
Lady Dorothy B., 102, 520.
Lady Eliz., 304, Rev. Geo.
Edw., obit., 226. Hen., 339,
503 ; Murdered at Corsham, 519.
Sir James Tylney, buys
Seagry, 289. John, 340.
Nich., 198. Sir Phil., 289.
Sir Rich., 20. Rich. P.,
102. Capt. the Hon. R. E. O.,
102. Walt., 304, 503, 536;
Brig.-Gen. Walt., killed, 102,
103; Walt., of Marlborough,
304; Sir Walt., 519. Walt.
Hume, Ist Viscount, 376; Obit.
notice and writings, 102—103
Political career, 102. Walt.
Fr. David, 2nd Viscount, port.,
102, 103.
Long barrow people, Mediter-
ranean, 565.
Longbridge Deverill, illust., 239.
Jews Wall, legend, 239.
Long Iver, 125. Palm Sunday,
treading the wheat, 239.
Longespee, Will. (I. & II.), 372;
Will. & Ellinor, buried at
Bradenstoke, 1, 2.
Longford Castle, visited, 47.
Longford, Lord, 417.
Longleat, ghost laid, 239.
Heaven’s Gate, illust., 239.
Longnor, 3958,
Longstock (Hants), 426.
Loom weights, chalk, found with
weaving combs, shapes of, 76, 77,
84 (figs. ). Numbers in pits,
68, 69, 84. Wooden frame,
portions, 63, 69, 77.
Louet, Rob., 403,
Loughborough, 109. |
Louvain, nuns from, at Amesbury, |
405.
Love, John, 340.
Lovibond, Mrs. J. L., gifts, 385.
441, 510; Writings, 509.
Lovibond’s Tintometer, 509.
Lowndes, A. G., 466, 470; On
Cyclops, 497; Writings, 233.
Lucas, Ch., 215. Esau, 417, 419.
Thos., 307; Deed, 417, 419. |
Will. & Lucy, 347.
Luce, Col. Ch. Rich., obit., 495,
496. Vice-Adm. John, 496. |
Major-Gen. Sir R. H., 496,
Thos., 495. Lieut. W. C.. |
496.
Luccock, Mr., 452. |
Luckington, 298, 307. Bridges |
Court, -illust, 242;° 243:
Church, art. on, noticed, 381 ;
Mural paintings described, 381.
Giant’s Grave Long Barrow, :
WT PRN.
Lucknam, 414.
Ludgershall, 495. Castle, branch
of Wansdyke (4), 123, 560.
Ludlow, Harriet, d. of Will. A.,
and Louisa, 374,
Lugbury long barrow scheduled,
176, MOAT 6
Lukis, Rev. W. C., excavations, 9
274,
Luttrell, Ch. “Sporting Reminis- 9
censes” noticed, 379. Sir §
Hugh, grantee of Corsham Ch.,
126.
Luxembourg barrows (Amesbury), |}
scheduled, 179. |
Lyczna argus, 135.
Lycoperdon, species, 474.
Lydiard Millicent, art. on, noticed, |
502. ALS. ch: urter, 194.
Church, illust., 502. ;
Lydiard Tregoze, 496. Art, on, |
noticed, 502. A. 8S. chert
124, Dewell family, 170. |
Rectors, T. Dewell, R. Miles, |
OS tee See also Hook,
Studley. |
byl A. H., 88; On Charcoal, 89, |
te achtiee Celtic and Saxon, aia |
tinguished, 129. Chessboard, |
Swallowcliffe,59. At Battles-
bury, Neolithic (1%), 569. In |
air photos, 129, 130, 194. In |
INDEX TO VOL. XLIII. 611
open fields, exist as ridge and
furrow in grass, 193. Lined
with sarsens, 335. On_ hill
side, formation of, 193.
Lyneham, 306, 448. Geology,
367. Priors Mead. deed, 305,
306, 308.
Lypyate family, 537.
Mabuse, picture, Corsham Court,
444. .
Maccomb, 124.
Macedonia, 466.
Mac Huisdean, W. H.. gift, 510.
Mackail, J. W., writings, 136, 383.
Maclean, Norman, 496.
Macleane, Rev. A., 221. Canon
Douglas, obit. and list of writ-
ings, 221, 2238.
pe dog or cat, dipping for bite,
oD.
Madders, John, 405.
Maddington, Bustard, 333.
Madisonville (Ohio),bone comb, 77.
Maesknoll (Som.) Camp, 561.
“ Magazine of Art,” 241.
Maiden Bradley, 449. Duke of
Somerset’s tomb, 335. Priory
seals, 251.
Maidstone Museum, 215.
Maidulf, 241.
Mainwaring, Thos., 413.
Major, Albany F., death, 560; ex-
cavates course of Wansdyke, 41,
232; “The Mystery of Wans-
dyke,” noticed, 560—562 ; “ The
Problem of Wansdyke,” noticed,
22 123)
Malet, Sir C. H. Letters, 337.
Malmesbury Abbey Church, 1, 15,
24. “ Bristol, Bath, & Malmes-
bury,” by Home & Foord, no-
ticed, 252, 373, 374. Athel-
stan’s monument, illust.,499, 504.
Cast iron ornament, 499.
Ceiling, plaster, 498. Cleres-
tory windows, 525. Cloisters,
4, Column bases buried, 498.
Dewell memorials, 170.
Font, illust., 499, 504. Guide
to, 504, Mural tablets, 499.
Organ, 499. Restoration, 1926,
appeal, 498, 499. S. porch,
illusts., 241, 242 ; Figures of Ap-
ostles, 373 ; Tympanum of inner
door, Saxon, 373. Watching
chamber, 504. W. front model
for Salisbury, 373. W. gallery,
499, W. tower and central
spire, date of, 373; Fall of, 498.
Malmesbury Abbey property, 170,
200. House, illust., 242.
Lands bought by Sir EK. Bayntun,
100. Stone from Slaughter-
ford, 483.
Malmesbury, Abbot of, in mural
painting, 381.
Malmesbury, 108, 174, 307, 495.
Art. on, noticed, 241, Burton
Hill House, owned by Dewell,
170, 171. Cottage Hospital,
496. Corporation, new, 495.
Culver House, 376. Deri-
vation, 242. Estcourt pro-
perty sold, 173. Fire engine,
old, illust., 504. In two Hun-
dreds, 533. Market Cross,
illust., 504. “ Mr. Wilkins’
Dinner Party,” noticed, 376.
Mill and Abbey Brewery, 495.
Parish Room, 496. Roman
Catholic Chapel founded, 171.
St. Mary’s, Westport, re-seated,
496. Town gild, 355. View
from air, 242. Volunteers,
495. War Memorial, illust.,
242. Wilts & Dorset Bank,
495.
Malmesbury, Will., of, 373.
“ Malt Scot,” 198.
Manchester, Fairfield School, 495.
Manley, Canon F.H.,on Deeds
of Seagry House, 285—310;
Catalogues deeds, 442; Evans
family of N. Wilts, 168—
174; Gift, 441; “Great and
Little Somerford, noticed, 381.
Mrs., 168, 174. v.58,
“ Folk lore of Warminster dis-
trict,” noticed, 238; Gifts, 142,
252; Writings, 238, 239, 252.
Mann, Miss E., gifts, 509. se
509.
Manningford Abbas, A.S. Charter,
125. Farms, 494.
Mannington (Kssex), cin. urn, 323.
Manor before the Conquest, 533.
Copyholders defined, 192.
Courts described, 519. Cus-
toms, examples of, 192. Hom-
age defined, 192. On the
Downs, in strip form, 450.
Manorial Documents of Wilts to
be preserved at Bristol Univer-
sity, 353, 442. System, decay
612
of, 193. Open fields, method
of cultivation, 192.
Mansfield Coll., Oxon., 356.
Manticora, fabulous beast, 220.
Manton Barrow, amber disc of
Cretan type, 565. Grange,
355. Long Barrow scheduled,
550) She
Manvers, Ch. Herbert, Earl, deed,
409.
_ Maracaibo, 60.
Marasmius, species, 151, 466, 468.
Market Weighton (Yorks.), Early
Iron Age skull, 488.
Marks, Geo., 406. John(I. &II.),
406, 408.
Marlborough, 247, 337, 348, 356,
559, Bronze brooches, 140.
Castle, digest of references
to, 185 ; Grounds enlarged, 497 ;
Mound, illust., 135. Cole, and
Cow (Duck’s)bridge,old and new,
497. College, Nat. Hist. Soc.
reports, noticed, 135, 136, 231,
232, 496, 497. War Memorial
Hall opened, art., noticed, 248.
Downs, number of sheep
kept, 456. Kd. IIL. at, 514.
Fair, 463. Flint imple-
ments, 232, 497. “ Geology of
country round,” by H. J. O.
White, noticed, 367, 368.
MS. notes on, Ad, Perforated
hammerstone, 349. St. Mary’s
Church, 113. Scene of novel,
245, Treacle bolly, 476.
Marmoutier, Abbey, alien Priories
in England, 126. Monks of,
at Corsham, extent of property,
126, 128, 522,
Marsh, M. H.., colleen. of birds, 333.
Marshfield, 227.
Marsh Gibbon (Bucks.), Evans
family, 168.
Marston, Long, 108.
Martigniac, alien Priory, lands
held by Monkton Farleigh, 10.
ue Down Camp, age of, 129,
19.
Martin [ Martyn] family, arms, 297.
A., 295, 296, 300, 301.
Grace, 297. John, 35, 296, 301.
Sam. (I. & IT.), 297, 300—
302. Thos., deeds, 419, 421—
423, 495—427, — Will., 35
Martinsell Hill, art. on, noticed,
232 ; derivation, 232. Camp,
INDEX TO VOL, XLIII.
a cattle pen, 232; Pit dwellings
or chalk pits 7, 939, 568.
Giants grave earthwork, 222.
Marven, Chr., 302.
Mary, Princess) d. of Ed. L holds —
Corsham, 514, 521.
“ Maskells ” paid at Calstone, mean- b
ing ?, 198.
Maskelyne family, note on, noticed,
355. Mr., 481. A. St. J.
Story, 341. Hen., 170. .
Marg. Story, 354. M.H.N.
Story, 854. Nevil, Astronomer
Royal, 355; tithes, 479.
Thereza M. Story, gilts, 141, 384;
obit. and list of writings, 354,
Will., 481; Property at Purton,
170.
Masline [Masling}, Hen., 170.
Will.,
Massee, Geo. 467.
Massie, John, D.D., obit., 356.
Massey, Dr., 215.
Massingham, H. J., “ Downland
Man,” noticed, 568—571; on
Avebury, &c., noticed, 137, 188.
Masters, John S., 108. John
T. C. & W. A. H., 104, Canon
W. Caldwall, obit. and list of
writings, 103, 104,
Matchbox, old, 572.
oo Miss Eyre, gifts, 141,
337.
Matthews, Steph., 376.
Maud, Empress, endows Monkton
Farleigh and Kington Priories,
10, 18.
Maurice, Col. D. B., obit., 355.
Dr. J. B., 559. Rev. Rob. B.,
obit., 559.
May, Israel, 305. Thos., on
pottery, 395.
Mayo, Hen., 295, 304.
Meare (Som.) lake village, boar’s
tusk, 78. Bone combs, 76 ;
Pin, 79. Bronze needles, 77.
Clay balls, 86. Flint tools,
87. Grooved metatarsals, 78.
Iron swan-necked pins, 82.
Swastika, of La Tene I. date,
318.
Megalithic culture derived from —
Spain, Crete, and Egypt, 565,
571. Structures all in mining
districts, 138.
abe Horsey (Dors.), cin. urn,
- 328.
—-
INDEX TO VOL. XLITI. 613
Melksham, 416, 417. And Shaw
Parish Mag.” 141. Avon Rub-
ber Co., hist. of, noticed, 567.
Awadry family, 375. Beanacre
Ho., 418. Forest disafforested,
374, 375; Oaks from, 515.
Lovells & Beanacre Manor,
deeds, Methuen family, 417
—420. Place names, Ben-
nen, Backmore, Forest, Shaw,
Whitley, &c., 418. Shurnel,
deeds, 417, 420. Spa school,
494. Tithings of, 374. See
also Semington.
Mellor, A. Shaw, gift, 441.
Mendips (Som.), cin. urn, 323.
Neolithic lead mining, 569, 570.
Mentha rubra, 231. Species, 135.
Menzies, Col. Steward and Lady
Alice, 243.
Mere, Dead Maid Quarry, fossil
wood, 201. Drinking cup,
copper dagger, gold discs, 276.
See White Sheet Castle.
Mere, Nich. & Johanna, deeds, 347.
Merewether, Dean, excavations,
280. Hen., 413, 414, 417.
Hen. Alworth, 415. John, 416,
417.
Merino, see sheep.
Merle Down, Fungi, 144, 147.
Merrimans, Messrs., 356.
Merton Col., Oxon., tower, 20.
Merulius, species, 471.
Mervyn of Pertwood, 141.
Metcalfe, James, 292.
Methuen [Methwin] Family,
deeds relating to Bradford,
Corsham, Melksham, &c.
Canon E, P. Knubley on,
401—431. Arms, 521 (fig.).
Lord, 128, 250, 4:44, 515, 524,
536, 537, 5389; gift, 510. Ann,
405, 407, 408. Anth., deeds,
401—405. Christian, 412.
Fred. Hen. Paul, Baron, deed,
410. Hen., 403—405. Jane
Dorothea, 406. John, 517 ; s.
of Anth., deeds, 401, 402; s. of
Paul, deeds, 401; Rt. Hon. John,
Ld. Chancellor, deeds, 428.
Mary, settlement, 405—406.
Paul (1., IT., LII.), 401, 403—406,
408, 412, 416, 417, 419, 523, 535,
537; Deeds, 402, 403, 405—409,
412—414, 417, 423, 424, 428—
430; Wills of, 407,408. Paul,
Baron, 406. Sir Paul, coll. of
pictures, 517. Paul, of Brad-
ford, buys Corsham, 127, 513,
515,517. Paul Cobb, 415, 418,
427; Deeds, 408, 414, 417, 419,
420, 424, 426, 427, 430, 431; Ex-
changes land, 425 ; Farms Adder-
bury Rectory, 414; Work at
Corsham Court, 517. Paul
Mildmay, 406. Sarah, 403,
407,408. Thos., 405; Deeds,
401, 402—404, 428 ; owns Beck-
ington, 428, Will., 401.
Methwin, see Methuen.
| Metz, 153.
Meyer, Rev. Sam, on Wansdyke,
562,
Michaelmas ale, 198.
Michell, Edw., Susanna, Thos.,
Will., 415.
Microspheera, species, 466.
Middleton, Richd., deed, 347.
Midgehall, word ale, 355,
Miege, Guy (G. M. Gent), 38.
Mighell, Mr., sheep, 453.
Milbourne St. Andrew (Dors.), 319.
Cin. urn, 323.
Mildenhall (Suff.), stone macehead,
348.
Mildmay, Anth.,519. Humphrey
St. John, 410.
Miles, Col. C. W., 495. Richd.,
rebuilds Purton Ho., 171 ; Rector
of Lydiard Tregoze, 173.
Sarah sells Purton Ho., 171.
Thos. & Grace, 309.
Milford Pichard, 291, 292.
Militia at Sedgemoor, 235. And
Yeomany MS., papers, and let-
ters, 1800—10, 141,337. Field
pieces, 338. Numbers, 337.
Milk farming on arable, 494.
Trade in Wilts, 107.
Milk Hill, 367.
Miller, Dr. Hugh, 108.
Mills, Cath., 420. John, 300.
Milton (Berks.), 171, 172.
Milton Abbas (Dors.),cin. urns, 323.
Milton Lilbourne, Anchusa, 135,
Giants graves barrow scheduled,
Wil, ads.
Minchyn—Kyngton (Kington St.
Michael), 18.
Minety, 415.
noticed, 382.
Mistlebury Wood (Micel Burh),
124,
Church, art. on,
614 INDEX TO VOL. XLIII.
Mitchell, Edw., 538. H. P.
writings, 230.
Mitford, J., 418.
Mitrula, species, 475.
Mitten, Jos., 429, 430.
Mizon, Simon, 409.
Moats, see Somerford, Little, Rec-
tory.
Moleyns, Kath., Prioress of King-
ton, 18.
Mollisia, species, 475.
Mollusca, from barrows, &c., 325,
434, 487,
Mompesson family of Bathampton,
arms, 285 ; Property in Somer-
ford, &c., 289, 292. Agnes,
292. Alice a, & IT.), 299,
Ann, 285, 291, 292. Drew,
292. Edmund, 285, 291, 292.
Eliz., 291, 292. Isabel,
292. John (I. & II.), 292.
Mary, 291, 292. Richd., 291.
Rob., 292. Susan, 291, 292.
Monastic Churches of Canons,
varied plans, 4. On S. of
cloister, 4. Houses, small
Nunneries, described, 20—22.
Number of houses in Wilts, 1.
See Bradenstoke; Kington ; Mal-
mesbury ; Monkton Farliegh ;
Shaftesbury, Stanley.
Monks House, owned by Danvers
& Dewell, 170, 515. See also
Corsham.
Monkton Farleigh Church, silver
cup found, 12. House built,
14, Manor held by Bohun, 9.
Monkton Farleigh Priory,
H. Brakspear on excava-
tions, 9—17. Church, de-
scribed, 14—17. Effigy of
Dunstanville, 13, 17; In chain
mail, 17. Excavations, 11, 12.
Monument to Ibert de Chaz
moved,16. Sketches of, 1744,
lost, 12. Tower, fall of, 10,
16. Churchyard yew, 12.
Conduit House, 14, 17. En-
dowed by Empress Maud &
Ilbert de Chaz, 10, 132. For-
feited, 1409, 10. Founded by
Humphrey de Bohun, 9—11.
Law suit with Prior of Lewes,
10. Monastic buildings, re-
mains of, 17. Precinct, plan,
13, 14. St. Mary Magd. girdle
given to, 11. Suppression, 11.
Will., 415, 420.
‘Morshall, property, 292. i
Monkwearmouth, Church, Saxon |
work, 231.
Mons, retreat from, 355. 7
Mons Badonicus (Beacon Hill),7
369. Battle described, 369, ©
566.
Montague, Lord, 336.
Monumental inscriptions, copied |
by T. H. Baker, 441, 442, 510.
Gift for binding, 385, 441.
Monuments, ancient, scheduled in
Wilts, list of, 446. Proposal
to mark all such, 445, 446.
Moody, John, 430. Will & Lose, |
418,
Moore, Rich., 523. Tom and
Bowles, 563. Will., 409.
Will. Wiss 32, 33.
Moorhens, method of fighting, 248, |
Moot or circus in Celtic villages, —
63.
Moray, Bp. of, 221.
Morchella, species, 474. .
Moredon House, see. Rodbourne |
Cheney.
Morel, edible, 474.
Moreshaw, 291. |
re (Dors.), 306. (Glos.),
412,
Morgan, Edmund, 478. W.F.,
35,
Morgan’s Hill, Wansdyke, 871, 561.
Morhen (Montgomery) 104.
Morley, John, 241.
Mornington, Lord, 288. Seagry
property, 298.
Morris, Joan, 407. John, 408.
Martha, will of, 417. Will,
168, 407.
Morse family, Rodbourne Cheney,
113. John, 173. 303. Rich,
479.
Mortimer, Hugh & Rog., benefac- ;
tions to Kington, 18. John,
804. Nath. & Will, 428, 499,
Moulden, Rob., 482. “|
Moulton, "Alex. , Eric, Horatio, John —
Coney, Steph., 109. John, obit, |
109. Major, 43.
Mountain Ash, charcoal, 89. |
Mountjoy, Anne, 413, Will, |
538. "
Mounty, H., 88.
Mowbray, Messrs., gift, 141.
Moxham, Anth. & John, 340.
Will., Charity, Corsham, 550.
INDEX TO VOL. XLIII. 615
Moxham, Thos., 527. Will., 5380.
Much Marcle (Her.), 106.
Mullins & Elliot, Messrs., 358,
Mulward, John & Matilda, deed,
347,
Mundy, James, 429.
Munegwell, 354.
Munich, fungi eaten, 469.
Murray, Kosalind Emma, d. of
Col. Gostling, 221. 3
Musgrave, Sir W. & Rachel, 378.
Mushrooms, Horse, 149.
Mussel Shells, Grimstead, 182.
Mycena, species, 146.
Mymmynges, Steph., 348.
Nadder River, 156. .
Naish, Jacob, 428, 429. Richd.,
422, 427.
Nan Kivell R. de C.,, 351. On
objects found in excava-
tions on Cold Kitchen Hill,
Brixton Deverill,180—191,
327—332 ( figs.). On ob-
jects found in excavations
on Rom. Brit. site at Stock-
ton earthworks, 389—394
( figs.)
Nash, Tom. deed, 347. JOS.,
ork at Worsham Court, 518.
- Nastfield, John, 429.
_ Neston, 536, 538.
Nat. Saninan Union, 106.
Nat. Lifeboat Inst., 104.
Nat. Trust acquire Chedworth
villa, 217.
_ Naucoria, species, 148.
_ Nayland (Suff.)
5 Ge Whe BPR,
Neale family owns Corsham Rec-
tory Manor, 127, 524. Sir Fr.,
292. Rob., 52d, 500, 538, 039.
Neave, Rev. J., 234,
Neeld, Jos., welcome at Cubpen:
ham, illust., 133.
Neeves, Thos , 428, 429,
Neolithic and Bronze Ages, over-
lap, 571. Blood in modern
Wilts, 371. . Civilisation, agri-
culture, and mining, 569, 570;
date of, 571. Settlements
beside trackways, 156.
House, acct.
of, 537. Built by Thos. Trop-
enelland J. Fuller, 537. Glass
from Corsham Ch. at, 537.
_Netheravon, Bronze Age beaker
burials, by Mrs. M. E. Cun-
nington, 490 491 ( figs.),509.
Church, bell dedicated, 117;
VOL, XLIII.—NO, CXLVI.
tower described, date of, 231.
Flying School, 509. Saxon
burial described, 400.
Nettleton, see Lugbury.
New Forest, no Roman villas, 13].
New Hall, 337.
New Park (Roundway), 507.
New York Cathedral, chalice
copied from Garsdon, 245, 499.
New Zealand mutton, 461.
Newall, R. S., 41, 187. Gift,
140. On Pits at Winter-
bourne Stoke, 344. On per-
forated stone mace head,
348, 349 (jigd.).
Newberry, Hen., 245.
Newbury, museum, objects, 336.
Saxon advance from, 369.
Newcastle, ‘“ Critic,” ‘ Daily
Chron.,” “ Weekly Chron.,” 241,
493.
Newgate,
41}.
Newman, John, & Widow, 340.
Will., 424.
Newnton, Fr. & Miss, 306.
Newport Pagnell (or Tykeford),
alien priory, 126.
Newstead (Scotland), Roman sta-
tion, ox skull, 92. Brooch, 334,
Newth, Mark & Rebecca, 303.
Thos., 481.
Newton Church, 412.
Newton St. Loe, 306.
Newton Tony Manor, Mompesson
family, 291.
Newton, Fr. & John, 306. J. &
W., map of Chippn., 132.
Mary, 288, 306. T., sheep,
456. Lt.-Col. W.G., architect,
248.
Nice, Fungi eaten, 471.
Nicholas, Edw., 236.
Richmond, 2386.
Nicholls, Will., 340.
Nile, battle of, ‘concert for relief of
widows, Salisbury, 252. Ex-
pedition, 224,
Nitrea, species, 434.
Noke Wood, Fungi, 466, 473, 474.
Nolanea, species, 144.
Norborne, Mary, 427.
Norman Conquest, Influence of, by
Rev. G. Hill, noticed, 108.
prisoners, benefaction,
Edw.
Normanton Barrows, drinking
cups, 268, 278. Scheduled,
178. Visited, 45.
2X
616 INDEX TO VOL. XLIIIL.
North Wilts Church Mag., 141.
North Wilts Herald, 559.
Northampton, 559.
“ Northern Weekly Leader,” 241,
493.
Northey, Mr., buys Hazelbury,
378. G. W., 444.
Northleach (Glos.), Church visited,
218. Wheatsheaf Inn, 218.
Norton (N. Wilts), notes on, no-.
ticed, 382.
Norton Bavant Farm, 494.
Middleton Down, long barrow
scheduled, 177. = Vicar’s Walk,
headless horse, 289. See also
Scratchbury.
Norton family own Seagry, 285.
Sir Rich. (1, II., III.), 285, 287,
294; Deeds, 292, 2938.
Norwich, 494.
Nosterfield (Yorks), earthworks,
50.
_ Nott family, Corsham, 535.
Edw., 535.
Notton, 310.
375.
Nowell, Will., 340.
Nuneaton Church, 134.
Nunton, 357.
Nuthatch, 248.
Nuthills, Roman villa, 448.
Nymph-hay (field), 20.
Oak Ash (Berks), 459.
Oak charcoal, 89.
Oaksey, art. on noticed, 502.
Notes, 113.
Oare, 114 See Giants’ Graves.
Obituary, Wiltshire 102—
115, 221-226, 353—358,
493-496, 557—559.
Obolus=Halfpenny, 198.
Ock well, A., 380.
Odiham (Hants), 458.
Odontia, species, 472.
Ogbourne, MS. notes on, 41.
Shag, 135. Smeeth Ridge,
Bronze Age pottery & skeleton,
Hulbert family,
311.
Ogbourne St. Andrew, see Bar-
bury.
Ogbourne St. George, 169.
Oglander, John, 414,
Oidium, species, 466.
Old Hat Barrow (Everley), sched-
uled, 178.
Oldbury Camp, scheduled, 176.
Omphalia, species, 143, 146, 476.
Onridge, J., 408.
Onslow, Arth., Cath., Hen., Sir
Richd., 412.
Oram, Edmund, 308.
Orchard Wyndham, 568.
“ Orcheston St. Mary, air photo, 130.
Ordination candidates, 116. |
Organs, see Malmesbury Abbey Ch.
Oriole, Golden, 135.
Ornithogalum, 135.
Orpen, John & Rebecca, 403, 405.
Orrell, Lionel, 199.
Osborne, Canon, ejected, 564.
J. Lee, “Some villages of N. |
Wilts,” 510; noted, 502; writ- |
ings, 241. |
Ostend, 374.
Ottley, Col. F. G., writings, 881. |
Overton (Yorks), alien priory, 126.
Overton, West, barrows & Roman |
road scheduled, 177—179. |
Lockeridge, interment with
Sahat cup and flint dagger, |
76. |
Overton, I., map by, 182.
Owls, 243. Long eared, 231. |
Ox, Bos longifrons like Kerry |
breed, 91, 92, Polled, pre- |
historic skulls, 90—92. |
Ox Drove, Ridgeway, 124.
Oxendean, see Warminster. |
Oxford, Boars Hill, polecat, 334. —
Royal Agricult. Show, 1838, |
458, 460.
Oxfordshire, Neolithiciron mining,
569, 570.
Oyster shells, Grimstead, 132.
Packer, John, 479.
Page, Howard, 237.
Rob., 195, _
199. Thos., 410.
Paget, Sir A., 30. Humphrey, |
526. |
Pain, J. & W., 458, Will., sheep, 1]
460. j
Paintings, mural, mass of St. |
Gregory, 381. See Luuckington
Ch ; Salisbury, St. Thomas.
Paleolithic Age, peaceful, 138.
Palm Sunday “Treading the
Wheat,” 239. -
Palmer, Edw., 429. Gen. G. LI.
gift, 509. John. 406.
Rich., whipped, 507.
Panshard night customs, 239.
Pararge megeera, scarce, 135.
Pardoner, 347.
Pargiter, Sir W., 245, 499.
INDEX TO VOL. XLIII.
Park Brow (Sussex), cin. urn, 324,
Pottery, 71, 72, 86. Rect-
angular huts, 62.
Parker, John, 478. Sam, H., 37.
Parkstone (Dors.), 114.
Parrett, (—), 411.
Passmore, A. D.,572. Collection,
Human Remains, Sir A.
Keith on, 112, 113; objects
in, 272, 277, 278, 280, 281. |
Gifts, 385, 509. Note, 350.
On Early Iron Age an-
tiquities in N. Wilts, 343
—344 (jigs.). On glazed
flints, Aldbourne, 344, On
Long Barrows, 227. On
stone in Kennett Avenue,
excavated, 341—343 (/igs.)
On Wansdyke, 246. Opens
barrows, 442. Writings,
122.
Patcombe Hill, 125.
Pateshull family, 496.
Patey, Tim., 478.
Patney, A. S. charter, 125, Farm,
494
“ Patricia Ellen,” noticed, 245.
Paveshou(Corsham),in Domesday,
512.
Pax at E. Grafton, 567.
Payne, Eliz., 172.
Paynter, John, 302.
Peace, Rev. Peter, 374.
Pealingham, Will., 481.
Pearce, Grace, 406. John, 429,
Mary, d. of ‘Thos., 169.
| Pecksall, Sir R., 412.
i
a
Peculiars, rights of, defined, 526.
Peers, C.R., 119. ;
Peirson, L. G., 496; writings, 497.
Pembroke Coll., Oxford 222.
me oroke, Countess of, writings,
42. :
Pembroke, Earl of, gifts, 141, 214,
252, 442. Militia letters, 237,
338. Memorial to, 33.
Peniophora, species, 472.
Penllergaer (Glam.), 854.
Penmaenmawr, Plas Mawr, 224.
Pennington, Clare, 105.
Penruddocke, Ch., 440. J. H.,
337,
Pentre Mawr Library, 562.
Peppard, flint implements, 161.
popper Box, The, Kyres Folly, 130,
Pepper Corn Rent, 428,
617
Perkins, Richd. & Eliz., property,
291, 292.
Perry, John, 402. Will., 404.
W.J.,on the Archaic civilisation,
noticed, 138, 465.
Pers, John, 340. Thos., 339.
Pertwood . Brixton Deverill), 247.
Long Barrow and Roman Rd.
scheduled, 177, 179.
Pescod, Will., 421, 422.
Petersfield (Hants), cin. urn., 328,
Peterson, Brig.-General F. A.,
obit., 108.
Petrie, Prof. Flinders, excavates
Silbury, 572.
Petty, Geo., 5388. Lord Hen., 337.
Pewsey, barrows scheduled, 178.
Boundaries, 232. Kennett and
Avon Canal, 506. Potentilla,
135.
Pewsham parish, 582. Pittars
(St. Peter’s) Farm, site of Paves-
hou Church, 582; acct of, 539 ;
In Corsham Manor, 518.
Pexhill, Will., grantee of Braden-
stoke, 2.
Peziza, species, 475.
Phaeotremella, species, 473.
Phallus (Fungus), 473.
Phelps (Phelpes), Mr., builds
Amesbury Vicarage, 134.
Will., 199; On Wansdyke. 562.
Philips, Fr., 523. Alias Grant,
Hannah, James, Jos., Rob., Sam.,
Sarah, Simon, 428—431.
Phillips, Thos., edits Topographer,
26, 27.
Phillpott, Will., 295, 296.
Phlebia, species, 471.
Pholiota, Species, 143, 144, 147, 148,
465.
Pickering, Anth., 292.
Pickwick, 414. Charity of Lady
James, 530. Farm or Manor
Ho., dovecot, d&c., acct. of, 535
536 (fig.). Park Lane, 515.
Tithing, 518. Seealso Corsham.
Pierce, Ruth, acct. of death, 506.
Pierrepont, Rachel, Countess of
Kingston, deed, 403.
Pig, prehistoric type, 93.
Pike, Mary, 172.
Pile dwellings, 60.
Pillory, used at Devizes, 506,
Pilton (Dev.), 307.
Pinchin, Mr., 33. John, 339,
340, Will., 339, 341.
Axe 2
618 | INDEX TO VOL. XLIII.
Pinckney, Erlysman, 333. John,
106. Capt. L. D., obit., 106.
W., sheep, 456,
Pinell, John, 340.
Piott, Edw., 307.
Pits, double, 68,69. Hearthsin,
68. Method of finding by
sounding, 60. Recesses, steps
and seats, 68, 69. See Fyfield
Bavant ; Swallowcliffe.
Pitt, Mrs., 289.
Pitt Rivers, Gen., 87 ; Excavations,
273; On Wansdyke, 562.
Pittars Farm, see Pewsham.
Place names, art. on, noticed, 504.
Plate, silver cups given by Mr.
Estcourt to his supporters, de-
scribed, 376,
Player, Eliz., 305.
Plomer, H. R., 37.
Plott, John, 422.
Plummer, Mr., 481. Rich., 206.
Plush (Dors.), cin. urn, 323.
Poarch, James, 414.
Pochard, 135, 231.
Pockeridge, 515.
Pocock, Rich., 288.
Pokesdown (Hants), Early Iron
Age pottery, cin. urns, 320, 323.
Pokeswell (Dev.), cin. urn, 323.
Polden Hill (Som.), late Celtic
cheek pieces, 352,
Pole, Sir Felix, port., 244.
Polecat, recent examples in Glos.,
Oxon, and Wilts, 333, 334,
Polemonium, species, 135,
Polita, species, 325, 487.
Pollock, Thos., 298, 307, 308.
Polygonum, species, 466.
Ferra species, 465, 469, 470,
A71.,
Rob., 295.
Polystictus, species, 470, 471.
Polytrichum, species, 475.
Pomatias, species, 325, 434, 487.
Ponchon, Raoul, 152.
Ponies, New Forest, 453.
Ponting, C. E., gifts, 140, 251 ; On
Inglesham Church, 163—
167 (jfigs:) ; Writings, 248.
Pontoise, Fungus poisoning, 466.
Poole, notes on, 113.
Poole, & Stanley, 109. Harry,
obit., 108,109. Poole’s Myrio-
rama, 108.
ree aay settlements ” disputed,
Poore, Edw. (I. & II.), 407, 408.
Bp. Rich., heart buried at Salis-
bury, 372.
Pope, Rev. Andrew, obit., 106.
Rich., 303.
Popkin, Thos., 413.
Poria, species, 470.
Porter, Faith, 287.
Portishead, Wansdyke, 560.
Portland (Dors.), cin. urn, 323.
Porton, 124. |
Portraits, Wiltshire, colln. of, 442. |
Pot Boilers, flint, at Swallowcliffe |
pits, 61. Used in Highlands |
till recently, 54. |
Potatoes, food for sheep, 454.
Potentilla, species, 135.
Potamogeton, species, 135.
Potter, Bp., H. C., and Washing- |
ton monument, Garsdon, 245. |
Potterne, barrow opened by Capt.
& Mrs. Cunnington, cin. urn, 40,
4], Benefactions, 235. |
Church, Altar piece, 235; Bell |
cast, 527; Font, Saxon (7), 228; |
Notes on, 139; Organ, memorial, —
117. Court Hill,559. Porch |
Ho., note on, 139. See also —
Kastwell.
Pottery, Bronze Age, cinerary urns, |
Alvediston, 434; Ansty, 321;
Deverill barrow (Dors.), 320; |
Ebbesbourne Wake, 214, 326 |
(figd.); Figheldean, 349, 398 |
(figd.); Figsbury, 56; Handley —
Hill (Dors.), 320; Knowle, 399 |
(figd ), 441 ; Lake, 278 ; Market —
Lavington, 396 (jigd.), 441; Roke —
Down, 320; Stonehenge, 317; |
Winterbourne Stoke, 280; Wood-
minton, 384, 441; Woodyates,
326. Barrel and bucket shaped,
area where found, associated
with globular urns, 319; des-
cribed, 319; cir. 800 B.C., 319,
320, 321 ; with crosses or wheels
on base, list of known examples,
317, 318, 326; Handley Down,
316; Woodminton, 316 (/figd.),
317, 318. Covered with linen,
Winterslow, 336. Finger
tipped ornament, 314, 315—319 5
age of, 319, 320; map showing
distribution of, 322. Ginger
jar urn, Winterbourne Stoke,
336. Globular, 314, 316
( figd.) ; associated with bucket
shaped urns, Deverell barrow,
INDEX TO VOL. XLIII. 619
319; list of localities where
found, 323, 324; age of, 319,
321. Handled, Cornwall,
age, of,321. Horseshoe handle
ornament, 320. Notched orna-
ment, 316 (figd.). | Numbers of
urns in one barrow, Woodminton,
313, 314. Ribbed vertically,
317, 318, 326.
Pottery, Bronze Age, domestic,
omphaloid base, 318.
Pottery, Bronze Age, Drink-
ing Cups found in Wilts,
list of, by Mrs. Cunnington,
267—284. Dolichocephalic
skeleton with, 311,312. Found
in disc barrows, 269. Found
with burnt interments, 268, 269.
Hoare’s definition of, 268.
Method of making, 395. Ob-
jects found with, 269. Types
distinguished, age of, 267, 269.
At Lockeridge, 214, 395, 441;
Netheravon, 490, 491 ; Swindon,
312; Winterslow, 337.
Pottery, Bronze Age, incense cups,
Amesbury, 271 ; Wilsford, 279.
Pottery, Early Iron Age, 344.
And late Bronze Age, finger tip,
overlap, 51, 129, 321, 322.
Bead rim type, La Tene II., 70,
343. Halstatt, 320. . Hama-
tite coated, 180. Made at
Swallowcliffe, 61, 70. At Ald-
bourne, 343 (jfigd.); All Can-
nings, 320, 331, 394; Alvediston
barrow, 432; Cold Kitchen, 180,
327, 331; Pokesdown (Hants),
320; Russley, 343 (figd ); Stock-
ton, 393 (figd.); Swallowcliffe,
70—74 (figd.); Swindon, 343
en
Pottery, incised design with white
filling, Cold Kitchen, 189 ( figd.).
Lausitz type, 320. Medieval,
Kington, 140. Neolithic in W.
Kennett long barrow, 273.
Roman see Roman.
Powell, John, 309. J. U., 187,339.
Power, Zach., 339, 341. He B.,
559. Vice-Adm. Sir Lawrence,
obit, 559.
Powlett, Ann, Lady, 404. Er,
420. Fr., Lord, holds Bradford
Manor, 401,402, Hon. Frances,
402. Norton, deeds, 420, 421,
422, 425, 427.
Pownall, Governor, 351.
Powntnye, R., 381.
Pre Aryan hill folk (?), 180.
Prehistoric finds, recent,
Mrs. Cunnington on, 395—
400. Trade with France,
extent of, 836.
Preshute, 559. tichard, Vicar
of, deed, 348. Registers, 356.
See also Devil’s Den, Man-
ton.
Preston (Lyneham), geology, 367.
Preston-on- Wye, 106.
Primitive Methodism, Hist. of, 381.
Prince, John, 405.
Printers, see Bennett, W.; Brodie,
W.; Clapperton, Kenneth &
Walt. ; Coates, A. H. & B. W.;
Collett, E.; Collins, Ben. ; Gil-
mour, F. & J. A.; Hearn, J.;
Lansdown, G.; Tayler, W. H.;
Wells, W.
Pryor, Dr., 113.
Prittle, John, 507.
Protector, Lord, 251.
Provis, Thos., trial of claims, 497.
Provost, Mary, 38. .
Pryer, Will., 407.
Psalliota, species, 143, 149, 153,
154.
Public School Brigade, 30.
Puccinia, 135, 466.
Puckshipton fam., 494.
Puddle, Little (Dors.), cin. urn, 323.
Puddletown (Dors ), cin. urn, 323.
Puff ball, giant, 474,
Pugeys, Pet. deed, 347.
Pugh, C. W., drawings, 58, 88, 101,
162, 352, 510.
Pullen[Pulleine], Hen., 524; Builds
Priory Ho., Corsham, 128.
Pupilla, species, 325, 434.
Puran, the Christian, 243.
Purton, 354. Bayley’s Ground,
478. Brimnell { Brunnel], 478,
479. Brockers Wood, 479.
Church, priest’s room, 477.
College Farm, bought by J. C.
Iles ; Carved mantelpieces, 244.
Coohill, 478. Glimpses
of past life, art. noticed, 244.
House, cedar planted, 244; Lake
made by R. Goddard, 171; Held
by Anth. & H. N. Goddard, 169
—171; Rebuilt by R. Miles, 171.
Leases (grazing rights) on
common in 18th cent., list of and
620
value, 480. Place names,
Chamberleyn’s, Chesthill Mill,
Ayleford Mill, 1'70. Peram-
bulation, 355. Saxon cemetery,
Stile Stoke Common, 481.
Tithe Books, notes on, by
S. W. Shaw, 477—482.
Tithe of milk pd. in kind, 478.
War Memorial Cross, 244.
Woodward’s Croft, 478. See
. also Ringsbury Camp.
Purton, John, 480.
Pusey (Berks), polecat, 1925, 334.
Putt, Thos., 298, 307, 308. Will,
308.
Pyke, Ann, 172.
Pyott, Alex., 303. Edw., 288,
298, 299, 304.
Pypping, John & Alice, 538.
Pytheas on La Tene I. agriculture,
129.
Quails on downs, 1830, 250.
(Juaker Chapel, Slaughterford, 244.
Quarley (Hants), 422, 423.
Camp and boundary ditch, 129.
Quarter Sessions order whippings,
507.
Queensberry, Duke of, 351; and
Duchess at Amesbury, 250,
Charles, 3rd Duke, 505. Will.
Douglas, Duke, 505.
(Juerns, rotary and saddle, date of,
366. Saddle, Early Iron Age,
88.
Quidhampton, 354.
Rabson (Winterbourne Basset),355.
Radnor, Ear] of, 195, 288 ; Hospit-
ality, 47. Will., Karl of, 410.
Radulum, species, 471.
Rainscombe, Cirl Bunting, 135.
Ralph, Bp. of Sarum (error), 18.
Ramsbottom, J., on Fungi, 152,
467, 469.
Ramsbury, 244. Church, acct.
of, noticed, 374. Plants, 231.
Ramsgate, perforated hammers, 215,
Randall, Rich. & Thos., 415.
Gs Ransom, "a by A. Richardson,
noticed, 245.
Ranton, W., sheep, 459.
Rawlence, EK. A., writings, 501.
James. sheep, 458,459. James
Edw., obit., 225.
Rawlins, Will., 340.
Raynham Hall (Norf.), 499.
wien on fungi, 154, 467,
INDEX TO VOL, XLIII.
Read, Edw., 478. James, Betty,
John, Thos., deed, 408.
Redman, Miss, 494. ‘T. E., obit.,
106. T. H., 106.
Redshank, 231; Nesting, 135.
Redstart, Black, 231.
Reed, Jer., 429, 430.
Reeves, Hen., obit., 357.
Reform Bill, petition against, 506.
Relics, St. Christopher, bone, King-
ton, 18. St. M. Magdalen’s
girdle, Monkton Farleigh, 11.
Rendall, Ch., s. of Ch. Edw., 172.
Rendcombe, Ch., visited, 220.
Renison. John, 409,
Rent, 1 lb. of wax, 429.
Repton, Humphrey, work at Cor-
sham Ho., 517.
Reynolds, Edmund, Jane, & Will.,
236. Rob. (1. & IT.), 236, 340,
Rhytisma, species, 476.
Ricardstone (Winterbourne Bas-
set), 497.
Rice, Talbot, 488.
Richardson, Anth., novel by, 245.
Mrs. E. M. (Purton), gifts,
142,572; Writings, 244, 572.
Mrs. Herbert, 245; Wiltshire
Newspapers, Past & Pre-
sent, Part III..Newspapers
of S. Wilts, 26—38,
Richmond, Hen., 288.
Riddick, J., 504.
Ridgeley. Thos., 410.
Ridgeway (Dors.), cin. urn, 328.
Ridgeway, F. E., Bp. of Salisbury,
Memoir by E. Cross, noticed,
115—117, 141; His work in the
camps, 116.
Ridgeways, sometimes “ made” or
Romanised, 125. At Alve-
diston, 435 ; Swallowcliffe, 59.
Ridout, J., 33.
Rimbury (Dors.), cin. urns, 323,
Ringers, Salisbury Guild of, 117.
Ringsbury Camp scheduled, 176.
Ringwood, 109.
Rivar, fungi, 474.
Rivers, Prof., 569. .
Road, settlement dispute, 502.
‘“‘ Robins or Robbins family,” 1908,
noticed, 107. Fred, 107.
Rey. Mills, obit.,107. Will,299.
Robinson, Mrs. Harold, 524, 539.
Walt., 420.
Rockbourne (Hants), Roman ho. ag
131,
1]
INDEX TO VOL. XLIII. 621
Rockley Bourne; risings of, 497.
Houses rebuilt, 497. Manor
of, by H. C. Brentnall, noticed,
496—497; Descent of two
Manors, 496—497; Rolls lost,
497,
Rockley (N. S. Wales), origin of,
496.
Rodaway, James, 430.
Rodbourne, 304, 305; Derivation,
125.
Rodbourne Cheney, 174. Advow-
son, 172. Brief for French
Protestants, 169. Church, Mon-
uments and arms, 168, 171, 172.
Heydon property, descent of,
169, 173. House, additions to,
172; Bought by Evans & Loder,
172,174; Tenants, 173.
Rodmaston (Glos.), 109.
Rodmead, Saxon burial, 268.
Rodway, James, writings, 503.
Lilian, writings, 385.
Roe, Edw., printer, 29.
Rogers & Baker, 563. ih, Bhs
Newman, obit., 114. Jonathan,
133. John (I. & IL), 308, 374,
404, 407, 408; Rev. John, 403.
Walt. L., 114.
Roke Down (Dors.), cin. urns, 320,
323.
Rollesdown (Hants), cin. urn, 323,
Rollestone barrows scheduled, 178.
Rollestone, collection of skulls, 488.
Rollright stone circle (Oxon.),
centre of iron mining, 571;
Superstition as to, 208,
Rolls, Master of, custody. of man-
orial deeds, 442,
Rolph, Johane, Banetactionl: to
Corsham Cross, &c., 521, 580.
| _ Roman, bone counters ainda discs,
Grimstead, 132; Stockton, 392
( figd.). Gouges, Cold Kitchen,
188 (figd.). Needles, Cold
Kitchen, 185 (figd.), 330 ( figd.).
Pins, Cold Kitchen, 185 (figd. ),
330 (jfigd.); Grimstead, 132;
Stockton, 392, 393 (figd.).
Whorl or bead, Cold Kitchen,
__ 185( figd.).
Roman Bronze, bracelets, Cold
Kitchen, 183 184 (figd.) ; Grim-
stead, 132; Stockton, 391 (figd.),
392.
- Roman bronze spring and hinge
brooches described and figured.
Cold Kitchen, 327, 328. En-
amelled, Cold Kitchen, 327, 328.
Circular enamelled and re-
poussé, Cold Kitchen, 180, 181
( figd.), 327, 328. Penannular,
Stockton, 390 (figd.). Tinned,
Cold Kitchen, 328. At E
Grimstead, 132; Fonthill Bishop
384 ; Stockton, 390—392 ( jigs.).,
Roman bronze cup, fragments
Stockton, 391 ( figd.). Needle,
Stockton, 391 ( figd.). | Penates,
Southbroom, 508. Rings,
Cold Kitchen, 183, 184 (jfigd.),
328, 329 (figd.) ; Stockton, 391
( figd.), 392. Pins, Cold Kit-
chen, 328, 329 (fig.) ; Stockton,
391, 392 (figd.) Spoons, Cold
Kitchen, 184 ( fig.), 328, 329 ( jig.).
Styli, Cold Kitchen, 184 (jig.);
Stockton, 392 (jfig.). ‘Tweezers
Cold Kitchen, 184 ( jig.) ; Stock-
ton, 392 ( figd.).
Roman, centuriation in Britain,
stone at KE. Grimstead, 132.
Roman Coins at Farley, 131; E.
Grimstead, 132; Lockeridge, 140;
Southbroom, hoard, 503 ; Stock-
ton, list of, 394; Winterborne
Monkton, 140.
Roman glass, amber and purple,
Stockton, 392. Beads, many
types, Cold Kitchen, 185, 186
( figd.), 330 ( fig.) ; Stockton, 392
( figd.). Bowls and cups, frag-
ments, Stockton,392; Grimstead,
132. Fused glass, Stanton St.
Quintin, 140. Window glass,
ColdKitchen,186;Grimstead,131.
Roman T-shaped hypocausts in
villas, origin, 132. Interment,
Stanton St. Quintin, 334.
Roman Iron, awls, Cold Kitchen,
186 (fig.), 329, 330; Stockton,
392 ( figd.). Brooches, spring
and hinge, Cold Kitchen, 183
(figd.), 329, 330. Cleats, Cold
Kitchen, 187 (figd.); Grimstead,
132 ; Stockton, 393 (jigd.)
Chisel, Cold Kitchen, 187 ( figd.).
Goads, Cold Kitchen, 186
( fig.), 329, 330. Gouge, Grim-
stead, 1382 ; Stockton, 392 (jig ).
Keys, Grimstead, 132.
Knives, Cold Kitchen, 187 (7g@.),
329, 330 ; Grimstead, 132 ; Stock-
ton, 392 (jig.). Horseshoe,
622 INDEX TO VOL. XLIII.
Farley, 1381. Nails, Cold
Kitchen, 329, 330; Farley, 131 ;
Stockton, 3938. Needles, Cold
Kitchen, 187 (figd.). Padlock,
tubular, springs, Cold Kitchen,
187 ( figs.). Pins, Cold Kit-
chen, 186 (fig); Stockton, 392,
393 (7ig.). Pruning hook,
Grimstead, 132. Rings, Stock-
ton 392 ( figd.). Spear head,
Cold Kitchen, 187. Spoon, Cold
Kitchen, 330 ( fig.). Staple,
Stockton, 393 (jig.). Stylus,
Stockton, 393(jfig.). Tweezers,
Stockton, 392 ( figd.).
Roman Kim., shale bracelets, Cold
Kitchen, 188 ( figd.), 331 (figd.) ;
Whorl, Stockton, 393 (fig.).
Lead object, Stockton, (fig.), 392.
Roman Pottery at: Box, ‘B35 ; Cold
Kitchen, 331 (fig.); Devizes, Pans
Lane, 503; Swallowcliffe, 70;
Woodminton, 315. Ashley
Rails ware, Grimstead, 132.
Belgic, globular vessel, Grim-
stead, 132. Candlesticks,
Grimstead, 132. Flue tiles,
394. Mortarium, 132. New
Forest ware, 189, 393 ( fig.).
Rosette stamped ware, Cold
Kitchen, 189 ( fig.). Samian,
Grimstead, 132; Riveted, Stock-
ton, 893 (jig); with maker’s
marks, Box, 835 ; Cold Kitchen,
188, 189 (fig.); Stockton, 393
( jig.). Sling bullets, Cold
Kitchen, 187 (/fig.), 332.
Strainer, Cold Kitchen, 190;
Stockton, 394 ( fig.). Whorls,
Cold Kitchen, 187 ( figs.).
Roman remains at places called
* Wick,” 508. Roads sched-
uled, list of, 179. Bath to
Silchester, 511. See Chute
Causeway. Snails, H. pomatia,
and mussels, Grimstead, 132.
Silver spoon, Grimstead, 132.
Stone fragment of altar, Stock-
ton, 893 ( figd.); Columns and
carved fragment, Box, 335 ; Rub-
bers and mullers, Cold Payer.
190 ; : Whetstones, Stockton, 893
( ‘figs.)- Temple, Ched worth,
217. Villas, bath houses,
isolated, 131; Heathstone used
for hypocausts, 131 ; See Ched-
worth ; Dean, W.; Grimstead,
E.; Holbury; Nuthills ; Rock-
bourne. — Walls, 123. White
metal brooch, Stanton St. Quin-
tin, 140, 384; Woodcuts, 334 ;
Ring, Stockton, 391 (figd.).
See also Stockton.
Romans and Saxons in Wilts, 224.
Romsey, 109; Nurseling, 104.
Rood Ashton, illust., 102, 103.
Rood Loft, sockets for tebEs,
Avebury, 337.
Roos, Will., 413.
Rose, Ch., 235,
Rossway (Herts), 374.
Rotherfield (Hants), 292, 293, 421.
Rotherley, Rom. Brit. village,
drinking cup, 273.
Rotterdam, 106.
Round, J. H., 137, 339.
Roundway Barrows, copper dag-
ger, &c., 276, 27 7. Battle,
Yromwell after, 239. Bronze
awl, 351. Harriers, 221.
Roundway, Lord, obit., 221.
Row, Sir Hen., 531.
Rowde, 236, 310, 347. House,
374, Wick, Geology, 367.
Rowden, 516.
Rowland, Mr., 333.
‘*Rowlessehold,” ‘‘ Rowless thing,”
meaning ? 204.
Rubus, species, 496.
Rucker, Sir A., & Lady, 354.
Ruddle, Rev. C. 8, 133.
Rudlowe (Box), 182, 340.
Rudstone (Yorks), bronze awl, 323.
* Rugby Observer,” 559.
Rugg, Will., 415.
Rule, I. T., gift, 142.
Rumsey, D. G. W., 374. |
Rushall, 407, 408. Bronze fer- —
rule, 351. Church, manor |
pew, 249. “ Ducks Veast,” |
248. Farm, 494. Mummers, 7
248. Recollections of, by Mrs.
Blyth, noticed, 248. “Stock ? |
tree, 249.
- Rushmore, 8. Lodge Camp, age of,
129, 319. Bronze razor, 320.
Cin. urn, 317. Drinking
cup, 273. Flat cemetery near,
319. C |
Russell, Kath., 411.
Russley, Bronze La Tene I. brooch,
iron-ring-headed pin, bead- |
rimmed pot, 343 ( figs.).
Russula species, 151, 465, 466.
NT erm awa. ]aSajaQjQQjQS__ eae,
INDEX TO VOL. XLII. 7 623
Ruthwell, Saxon cross, date of, 374,
Rutter, John, on Wansdyke, 562.
Rybury Camp, scheduled, 176,
Rychard, Harry, 381.
Sadler family, see Corsham. EK.
er Ralph TL, 112: John,
Genealogical MSS. Collections
given to W.A.S. & bound, 118,
142, 214, 441; Obit. & list of
writings, 112,113. Rob, 417;
Deed, 416. Re. egifts, 42.
Sadlers Hill, 466.
Sainsbury, Mr., 498. Will., 427
—429; Sheep, 458. Will.
Rance, 416, 417. :
St. Agatha’s Priory (Yorks), 9.
St. Barbe, Capt. Guy excavates
Slaughterford, 483—485.
St. Elvy, Peter, 412. :
St. George’s mushroom, deriva-
tion, 465.
St. Helen’s, Bishopsgate, Eyles
vault, 169.
St. John family, 496. Oliver, 496,
St. Just (Corn.), cin. urn, 328.
St. Louis, Press congress, 493.
St. Mary le Bow, 169.
St. Maur, Sir Algernon, D. of
Somerset, 251.
St. Pauls Cray (Kent), 358.
St. Peter in Thanet, 559.
St. Peter’s, Cranley Gardens, 115,
116,
Salisbury, 347, 357, 563.
Salisbury Advertiser and Monthly
Miscellany, 28. |
Salisbury and Winchester Journal,
additional notes on, 37, 38; Given,
252. ;
Salisbury, Bishop of, holds Monk-
ton Farleigh, 11,
Salisbury, Bp’s palace, visited, 44,
Brown St. Baptist Chapel,
105. Bugmore, 240.
Salisbury Cathedral, 353 ; Illusts.,
371; ‘“ Handbook for Pilgrims,
by J. M. J. F.,” noticed, 500; -
“Winchester & Salisbury, by
I. Foord, 1925,” noticed, 371,
372. Boy Bishop monument,
heart of Bishop Poore, 372, 500.
Chapter House, 240; Ar-
cading and doorway, illust., 371 ;
Coins found, 372. Choir, illust.,
500. Cloisters, date of, 372.
Effigies with collar of SS.,
246 ; Of Robert Ld. Hungerford,
VOL, XLIII.—NO, CXLVI.
illust., 371 ; Of Bp. Wordsworth,
372. Glass, Jesse window,
240; Old glass, where buried ?
240. Library, visited, 44.
Magna Charta, 44. Monu-
mental inscriptions copied and
printed, 442. —_N. porch, illust.,
371. ‘Notes on, by Canons
Fletcher & Wordsworth,” noticed,
141, 240. Sermon, 117.
Services, art. on, noticed, 567.
Shrine of St.Osmund,illust.,
500. Spire, illust., 567.
Stall canopies, 372. Statutes
edited, 223. Tombs of Bp.
Giles de Bridport and Will.
Longespee, illust., 371. W.
front criticised, 372. Wyatt’s
destructions, 567. Church
House visited, 46. Cin. urn,
324. Close gateways, colour
prints, 372; House with Chapel,
survey, 1649, 564 ; N. Canonry
garden, 46; House surveyed,
1649, 564. Concert in aid of
Battle of Nile widows, 252.
Council Chamber, portraits, 44.
Diocese, advisory com. for
Churches, 42; Map, 141.
Diocesan Gazette, hist. of, 30.
“* Examiner,” 33. Fire,
497. Green croft, 240.
Halle of John Hall, visited, 46.
Harnham_ Bridge, _art.,
noticed, 567. “ Incumbents
during Commonwealth,” by Can.
Fletcher, noticed, 564, 572.
Meeting of Arch. Institute, 1849,
275; Of Wilts Arch. Soc.,
1924, acct. of, 39—47.
Meryfield, derivation, 372.
Museum, 8. Wilts and Black-
more, birds, 568; Bustards, acct.
of, 333; Hon. Sec., 104; Gifts,
132; By W. Wyndham, 568 ;
Lecture Theatre, 46, 136, 568 ;
Lectures, 136; Objects in, 156,
321, 351; An. reports, 1923—1926,
noticed, 136, 372, 373, 568 ; Speci-
men Fund formed, 372; Visited,
4A, Plain, barrows and earth-
works, destroyed, protest, 445 ;
Manceuvres, Ed. Slow on, 111;
No Saxon cemeteries, 562;
Never glaciated, 139; Objects
from, 214. Petersfinger,
flints, 248. Printers, Farley
BoM
624 INDEX TO VOL. XLIII.
family, 38. “ Postman,” 38.
Rampart Rd, 240. St.
Ann’s St., 240. St. Edmund’s
Church, 46 ; College, 240 ; Col-
lege School founded, 353. St.
Martin’s Church, visited, 46.
St. Thomas Bridge, illust , 567 ;
Church, doom painting and
panelling at E. end, date of, 371,
372; Visited, 46. Sheep, 459
Synod addresses, 117. “ Times
and Wiltshire Miscellany,” 28,
33. Town Ditch, Cathedral
glass thrown into, 240.
Volunteers, 357. White Hart
Hotel, 44. Woolley & Wallis,
109. Wills sent to Somerset
Ho., 128. Women justices,
105. Woollen industry, 449.
Salisbury, Earl of, killed, 217.
Salisbury, Edw. of, 9. Ela,
Countess of, 1. Maud of, 9.
Patrick of, arms, 8.
Walt. of, founds Bradenstoke,
1, 9.
Salmon, W. W., 337.
Salter, Simon & Will., 287.
Salthrop Ho., 354, Sheep, 456.
Samber, Rob., 38.
San Francisco, 493.
Sand box, 345
Sandall, Will., 340.
Sanders, Will., 458.
Sandford on Thames, 353.
Sandon, Simon, 3848.
Sandpiper, Green, 281.
Sandy Lane, George Inn (Nut-
hills), Roman Ho. excavated, 215.
Saponaria, species, 135.
Sarsens, 507, 570. Absent in S.
Wilts, 119, 570. At Fyfield,
illust, 367. Broken up in N.
Wilts, 335. Formation dis-
cussed, 211, 367. Rows on
lynchets, 335. Used for build-
ing, 504; For modern tomb-
stones, 335. See Kenward-
stone.
Sartain, Thos., 405.
Sarum Almanack, | 41; Hist. of, 30.
Diocesan Gazette, 141.
Sarum, Old, 562; illust., 568.
Cathedral, plan, 240. Ditch,
125. Plans, 188. Saxon
names, 125. Scheduled, 176.
Saunders, James, 423. John &
Mary, 420. R. W., printer.
566. Thos. H., 420, 427, 431. |
Thos. S., 409.
Savernake Forest Fungi. By |
Cc. P. Hurst, 143—155,
233, 465—476. Ashlade |
Firs, 335. —_ Birch Copse, fungi, |
145, 150, 465, 467, 471, 472.
Bitham Pond, fungi, 465.
Bloxham Copse, fungi, 468, 476. ©
Cadley, fungi, 470. Cob-
ham Frith, tungi, 147, 149.
Conyger Hill, fungi, 147, 149. |
Crab Tree Common, fungi. 467, |
469. Durnsford Mill, 504.
Grand Avenue, fungi, 143, 144,
146, 147, 149, 150, 467, 470, 474. |
Great Lodge, site of, 232. |
Hawwood, fungi, 465—469, 476. |
Hospital, benefactions, 495; |
Founded, 225. Kingston & |
Park Farms, 3850. Lodge, |
fungi, 150, 467. | London Ride, |
fungi, 144, 145, 147, 148, 469.
New buildings, Wansdyke, 232. |
Rhododendron Drive, fungi, , |
146, 148, 149, 151, 466—468, 471 |
—A4A73, 475, Romano- British —
site, 335. ‘St. Catherine’s
Church, 467, 478; fungi, 145, |
149—151. Snail Hill, Wans- |
dyke, 232. Timber granted, ©
497. Wansdyke, lost, 561.
West Leas, fungi, 466.
Sawell, Sir John, 427.
Sawter, John, 236.
Saxon Architecture, Churches in
Wilts, Baldwin Brown on,
noticed, 228—231. Horseshoe ~
arch, 231. Font, Potterne,
228. Sundial and sculptures,
Daglingworth, 219. Work,
Avebury and Bibury, 218; The |
Winchester School and MSS., |
230. See also Corsham Ch.
Saxon barrow with ditch, Alve-
diston, 437; White Horse Hill
(Berks), 437. Cemetery,
Broadchalke, excavated, by
R. C. C. Clay, 41, 94—101,
214: None in central Wilts,
371,562. Charters of Wilts, by
G. B.Grundy, 2nd series, noticed,
123—126. Conquest, R. G.
Collingwood on, noticed, 566;
Of Central Wilts not complete,
562, 566. Bronze pin, Nether-
avon, 400 (jfig.); Enamelled
INDEX TO VOL. XLII. 625
brooch, White Horse Hill, 437.
Tron knife, 343 ; Spearhead,
Alvediston, 343; Netheravon,
400; Umbo, Alvediston, 343 ;
Ebbesbourne, 101 (/ig.).
Shale bracelet, Alvediston, 436.
Skulls, characteristics of
and condition of teeth, Sir A.
Keith on, 98—100, 438, 439 ;
Alvediston, Sir A. Keith on,
437—439. Villages in the
valleys, 450.
* Scabb,” term of abuse, 507.
Scanes, J., gifts, 251.
Scarth, Major, gift, 140.
Schlerotinia, species, 476.
Scleroderma, species, 474.
Schomberg, A., gifts, 41.
Scott, Rich., 348.
Scots Poor, Wansdyke ? 560.
Scratchbury Camp, 570 ; Air photo,
130; Scheduled, 176.
Scrope, John, 288.
Sculpture, Virgin and child, Ingle-
sham Ch,, 166 (jig.).
“ Scut,” term of abuse, 507.
Scutts, Rich., 481.
Seaford, flints, 232.
Seager, Laurence & Walt., 195, 197.
Seagry, Bailiff Family Ho., 288.
Church, Stratton memorial,
286. — Church Farm, date of,
287; Gateway, site of Manor,
287. Close Ho., 287. Dod-
ford Mill, 295, 307. House,
288; Arms of Houlton, 289;
Estate. deeds, Canon F. H.
Manley on, 285—310.
Manor, descent of, 285. Ld.
Mornington, property, 298.
Mills, 285, 293. Nether Sea-
gry Manor, deeds, 287, 292—294 ;
Held by Fitz Ponz, 285. Place
and field names, 293, 295, 296,
299, 303, 306; Alderham, 295;
Appletree leaze,3''3; Battensham,
295 ; Brewers, 299, 307 ; Brobbins
Close, 303, 308 ; Cherry Orchard,
293; Downfield, 295, 296;
Ferris’s, 303; Garden Heath,
309 ; Gosscroft, 309; Harrolds,
293 ; Heath, 295, 307 ; Hen Lane,
309 ; Knapps, 293, 295, 296, 307 ;
Lagger, 293 ; Long Hedge Leaze,
305, 308; Lynch, 299, 303 ;
Meadplott, 307 ; Shadwell, 299,
307 ; Starchfield, 295, 296, 306,
307; The Stick, 299; Wain-
barton, 295; Wildings or Alcrofts,
297, 298, 306, 307. Hide
House, deeds, 295, 296, 303, 306,
307. Priors Mead, held by
Bradenstoke, 288, 293. _Pyotts
Farm, deeds, 288, 298, 299.
Seale’s Farm, Old Manor Ho.,
288. Upper Seagry Manor,
287, 288, 292 ; Arms in window,
285 ; Held by Mompesson &
Wayte; Site of Church Farm,
286, 287.
Seals, Great, 573. Of Geo. V.,
On Corsham
given, 384, 441.
charters, 513. Seals, Devizes
Corporation, 345. See Cor-
sham, Vicar of ; Maiden Bradley
Priory.
Sealy family, 298. Capt., 38.
(Chas BU
Seamer Moor (Yorks), barrows, 161.
Sebacina, species, 466, 473.
Sedgemoor, cannon from, 235.
Seend, 507. Geology, 367, 500,
562. in Melksham Forest,
374. Tron ore, prospectus, 509.
Selfe family, E. Grafton, 567.
Jacob, deed, 405, 406. John
(I. & IL ), 427, 428.
Selman, John, 413, 414.
Sely, John, 348.
Semington [Simmington], 419.
Semley, see Billhay.
Sergeant, Nich., 376.
Seven at a birth, Wishford legend,
African example of, 246.
Sevenhampton, A.S. Charter, 125.
Sevenoaks, 153.
Sewell, E. C., guide, 213, 216.
Sewl, Galfridus, deed, 347.
Seymour family, art on noticed,
251 ; Tombs, 566. Seymour
of Trowbridge, Ld., 572. Mr.
396. Sir Kdw., grant of Monk-
ton Farleigh, 11, 132. Brig.-
Gen. Sir Edw. Hamilton, D. of
Somerset, 251. Lady Eliz.,
132. Col. Francis, 251. Ld,
John, 505. Sir Will., 505.
Seymour, Webb, of Monkton Far-
leigh, 11.
Shaftesbury Abbey, excavated,
J22: barton Hill Ho., 563.
Shattesbury, Anth., Earl of, 478,
479.
Shafto, Marg., d. of Rev. A. D., 174,
Op Ya 2
626 INDEX TO VOL. XLIII.
Shag, 135.
Shalbourne, Gt. Botley Copse long
barrow, scheduled,177. Fungi,
AT, 472: See Smay Down.
Shalcombe (I. of W.), cin. urn, 323.
Shale, buttons and pulley rings,
280, 281. See Roman, etc.
Shanks House (Som.), 424.
Sharpness Docks, 110.
Shaw Ho. (Melksham), 235.
Shaw, S., edits Topographer, 26.
Steph., 430. S.W., on Pur-
ton Tithe Books, 477—482.
Shawford, 106.
Shaw Mellor, A., gifts, 384, 510,
572 ; Notes, 335, 564.
Shearing, JJ, Be on Sheep, 459.
Shearwater, illust., 239.
Sheep and Cows, number kept,
451, 452. Berkshire Knot,
457; Berkshire Short Woolled,
458, Border Leicesters, 464.
Breed improved at end of
18th cent., 452; In Wilts and
Hants contrasted, 457. Cen-
sus of, in Wilts, 19th & 20th
cents., 460, 461. Cheviots,
459, 464, Cotswold, 457, 458.
Crossbred, 464, Dorsets,
456. Downland and Arable,
importance of sheep on, 450, 4.64,
Effect of war, 462. Ex-
moors, 464, Hampshire Down,
evolution of, 452, 456—460;
Breed fixed, 457; Breeders’
Assocn., 460 ; Given up in Wilts,
462; Utility of, 460, 462. \
Hampshire Short Wooled, 458.
Hurdle sheep v. Grass
sheep, 462, 463. Kentish, 459.
Kerrys, 464. Leicesters,
457. Longwools, 458.
Merinos in Wilts, hist. of, 453,
454, Ovis aries studeri, bones
in Britain, 93.
Ryelands, 454, 464.
Scotch Horned, 464. Sheep
Farming in Wilts, with
short hist. of the Hamp-
shire Down Breed, by G. B.
Hony, 449—464; v. Dairy
farming in Wilts, 461—463.
Shropshire downs, 459. South-
downs in Wilts, Hist. of, 453,
455—457, 459. Soya Island
breed, 93. Suffolks, 464,
Sussex Downs, 457, 460.
Oxfords, 464,
Welsh, 464. West Country |
Downs, 459. Wiltshire |
Horned, Old, described, 452, |
453; Extinct in Wilts, 455, 456 ;
Improved, 453; survived in
Bucks and Northants, 455,
Wiltshire, or Western Horned,
modern, no wool, 455.
Sheffield Daily Telegraph, 559.
Shelburne, John, Earl of, buys
Bremhill, Calne, and Calstone,
194, 195, 200.
Sheldon, Lower, 458.
Shepherd, Thos., 418
Shepherds, decrease of, 463.
Shepherds Shore, barrow opened,
Mrs. Cunnington on, 397, 398.
Sherfield, Richd., 538.
Shergold, Anne & Rev. John, 374.
Sheriffs, see Garnett, C.; Goldney, |
Sir G. P. ; Moulton, John.
Sheridan & Bowles, 563.
Sherrington, A.S. Charter, 125.
Barrows scheduled, 177, 178. |
Sherston, 536. Saxon inter- |
ments, 371.
Sherwell, John, 404.
Shewell, John, 402.
Shields Daily Gazette, 241, 493.
Shoebury (Essex), cin. urn, 323.
Shore, John & Jane, 537.
Shorte, Clem., 506.
Shoveller Duck, 231.
Showerne, Thos., 401.
Shrapnell, Hen. & Rich., 401.
Sam., 404, 405.
Shrewton, cin. urn, 323. Wind- |
mill, Saxon burial, 268. |
Shrike, Gt. Grey, 135.
Shrimpton, John, 458.
Shrof ‘Tuesday, customs, 239.
Shropshire, Neolithic lead mines, —
-“ Shrouds,” 203. (565. |
Sidbury Hill, disc barrow and
ditch, 129. | |
Sidford, Mr., 94, 101.
Sidmouth, Ld., builds Devizes |
Cross, 506. |
Sikh Pioneers, 108.
Sikkim expedition, 108. |
Silbury, 247. A pyramid, 571.
Flints and antlers from ex- |
cavation, 1922, 572. Note on, |
189. Raised by Saxons, 369, |
370. Scheduled, 177. |
Silver cup, spoon, and thimble, |
Monkton Farleigh, 12.
INDEX TO VOL. XLIII. 627
“ Silverleaf ” on trees, 472.
Simbs, Thos., 301.
Simons, (—), 340. Chr. &
Rodolph, 303.
Simpson, Messrs., gift, 252.
Singapore, 224, 495.
Singer, John (I. & IL), Jos. &
Mary, 431.
Singleton, Will., 293.
Sixpenny Handley (Dors.), 352.
Skeffington-Smyth, Col., 389.
“Skimmenton,” 234.
Skippet at Devizes, Capt.
Cunnington on, 233, 345—
348 (figd.).
Skrine, H. D., 226.
Skues, J ames, 297.
Skurray, Eliz., Fr. (I. & II.), Thos.,
429. Steph., 428—430.
Slade (Box), 339.
Slade, Chr. (I. & II.), deed, 422,
424, 425, JoAg:, of3% gilts,
141, 252, 385, 509, 573.
Slaughterford & Ford, art. on,
noticed, 244. Church, ruinous,
and manor, illust., 244. Guys
Rift, Early Iron Age habit-
ation, excavated, and skull
found, by T. F. Hewer and
L. H. Dudley Buxton, 483
—489 ( figs.) ; Animal bones,
flints, chalk bead, 485, 486.
Paper mills, 483. (uaker
Chapel, 244. Quarries, ancient,
483.
Sling bullets, chalk, Swallowcliffe,
75, 86 ( fig.). See also pottery.
Sloper, Geo., diary, 507.
Sloperton Cottage, T. Moore, 563.
Slough, 223.
Slow, Edw., 33 ; Obit. and list of
writings, 110—119.
Small copper butterfly, var.
Schmidtii, 40.
Small, Ouier, 413,
Smay Down, long barrow, clic:
uled, 177.
Smith, Mr., 413, 506. Cath.,
539, Dor.,523. Edw., 112.
Fr., 404, 421. Prof. G.
Elliot on Archaic civilisation,
138, 568, 569. G. Worthington
on Fungi, 144, Hen., 523.
Humph, deed, 421. Jane,
421. John, 299, 340; Deed,
421, Jos., 308, 309, 408, 420,
430, Letitia, 523. Marg.,
235. Matt., 405. Philippa,
413, 414. Reg. A., 395; Notes,
348, 351; On flints, 157, 161,
361. Rich., 523, 524.
Steph., 333. Mhos) 233,023:
Will. & Johanna, deed, 347.
Will. F., obit. and writings, 223.
Smyth [Smythe] family, 539;
Owns Rectory Manor, Corsham,
127, Hen., 514—5 16, 519, 523.
Sir Hugh buys Rockley,
497. John, 523. Math.,
377. Phil., 535, Rob.,
deed, 347. ‘Thos. (‘“ Customer’),
buys and builds Corsham Ho.,
514,515, 517,518; Thos. & Edith,
deed, 34,7.
Snell, ‘Thos., 519,
Snelling, Will., 519, 520.
Snelston (Derby), 174,
Snipe, nests, 135.
Snods Hill (Liddington), 124.
Snorrington, 422,
Snow, Will., Prior of Bradenstoke,
2.
Soldiers Ring (S. Damerham), air
photo, 130.
Soldiers’ Welfare Bd., 104.
Somali, ship, 106.
por joni Little (Hants), flints,
573.
Somerford, Bolles Manor, deed,
299 ; Descent of, 285, 293, 294 ;
Held by Mompesson & Wayte,
291, 292.
Somerford, Broad or Great, 168,
173, arts. on, noticed, 381, 502.
Avon River, 125. The
Breach, deeds, 304, 305, 308.
Church, illust., 381, 502.
Churchhouse or Fletchers, deeds,
285, 289, 292, 299, 300. Field
and place names,299; Courseham,
299, 300; Crofts, 299; Crom-
wells Leaze, deed, 301, 302 ;
Outer Nithy, 299; Sprittenham,
299, 300; W. Street, 289.
Jacobean Ho., illust., 502.
Property, 308 ; Of Houlton,
Kington Priory, Mompesson,
289. Rectory, illust., 381.
ted Ho., 289. War Memorial,
illust., 289, 502.
Somerford Keynes, art. on, noticed,
502. Church, Saxon door,
228.
Somerford, Little, 226, Art. on,
628 INDEX TO VOL. XLIII.
noticed, 502. Church, illust ,
381 ; Monuments, 169, 170.
Churchyard cross_ head, illust,
38]. Windows, 174. Manor
sold, 173. Rectory moat des-
troyed, 174.
Somerford Maltravers, deed, 299,
300; Manor, 289.
Somerford Maudits, 291.
Somerset Arch. Soc., gift, 384.
Folk Song, 250.
Somerset, Dukedom of, decision of
Ho. of Lords, noticed, 251.
Edw., Duke of, 505. (454.
Somerville, John, Ld., on sheep,
Sopley, 453.
Soul, John, “ Amesbury Historic
and Prehistoric,” noticed, 505 ;
colleen., 40 ; writings, 510.
S. African War, trophies at Cor-
sham, 444.
S. Sea Co. & Bubble, 160, 171.
S. Western Naturalists Union, pro-
posed meeting, 216.
Southam, Sam., 299.
Southampton, 458.
Southbroom, 113, 114, 347.
Church, 221. © Held by Sir J.
Eyles, 168. La Rewe, 503.
Roman coins and Penates at
Wick, 503.
Southchurch (Essex), cin. urn, 323.
Southcote, Geo., see Aston, Sir Geo.
Southey & Bowles, 563.
Southport, 223.
Southwick, A.S. Charter, 125.
Soya Island, sheep, 93.
Spackman, Dan., 376. Sarah,
d. of Richd., 224.
Spain and Portugal, Megalithic
culture came from, 565, 569, 570.
Rock cut tombs, origin of
long barrows, 571.
Sparassis, species, 466, 472.
Sparrow, tree, 496.
Speke, arms at Hazelbury, 378.
Geo, & Sir Geo., 339, 341, 377,
538 ; Buys Hazelbury and work
there, 377, 378. Hugh, 377;
Sir Hugh, 377; Work at Hazel-
bury, 378.
Spelzeological Soc., Bristol, 485.
Spencer, Mary, 301.
Spender, John, 409. Sarah I. &
II.), 408, 409. Will., 408.
Spettisbury (Dors.) Belgian Nuns
at, 505.
Sphacelotheca, species, 466.
Spicer [Spisour], Capt. Anthony,
gifts, 572. John & Christina,
deed, 347. Rog, 347. Will,
347, 348.
Spindlewhorls of chalk and clay,
found with combs and loom
weights, Swallowcliffe, 84—87.
Spirthill, geology, 367.
Spitalcroft, 495.
Spooner, W. C., on sheep, 457, 459,
460,
Spotted Crake, 231.
Spottiswoode, Rob., 309.
Sprat, Fr., 308, 309.
Springhill College, 356.
‘Spruce Table” at Kington, 1493,
> LO
Spursholt (Hants), 109.
Spye Park, flint implements, 572.
Capt Spicer’s coach, 379.
Squarey, Elias P., 225, 457; on
Downton Moot, 380. Newall,
guide, 46.
Stamp, A. I., 349.
Stancomb, Messrs., 105.
Standon Hussey, Goddard family,
170.
Standlake (Oxon), cin. urn, 323.
Standlynch, see Clearbury.
Stanley Abbey, 1. Cloister, 4.
Lands bought by Sir E. Bayn-
tun, 200. Precinct ditches, 447.
Stanley, W., 481.
Stanton Fitzwarren, 103, 356.
Church, acct. of, noticed, 104;
Carved woodwork by Canon
Masters, 108. Churchyard —
cross, 104.
Stanton St. Bernard, earthworks
scheduled, 176.
Stanton St. Quintin, 304, 306, 374.
Church, early sculptured
figure, 443; Photos, 142; Visited,
443, Deeds, 292, 299.
Hungerford property, 530.
Property, 293, 294, 308.
Manor House, &c., Dovecot
visited, 443. Roman inter-
ment, urn and brooch, 140, 334,
Roman villa, 334.
Stantonbury (Som.) Camp, 561.
Stanwick (Yorks), late Celtic
bronze cheek pieces, 352.
Stapleford Castle, scheduled, 176.
Startley, 289. Green Man, 302.
Property, 291, 292.
|
}
|
|
|
|
}
|
_ Stockton, 109.
INDEX TO VOL. XLIII. 629
Starveall, see Wilsford (S. Wilts).
Staverton, 409. |
Steaned Mead, defined, 196.
Steel, Capt. W. A., founds Rockley,
N.S.W., 496.
Steel, R., gift, 141.
Steeple Ashton, A.S. charter, 125.
Church, fall of spire, art. on,
noticed, 247; Note, 139.
Manor, 306 ; Granary, 139. °
Old Oak, Ho. and Vicarage, 247.
Steeple Langford, see Yarnbury.
Stegia, species, 476.
Stephens, Canon J. O., obit., 225.
Thos., of Bushton, art. on
life and writings, noticed, 243.
Stephenson, Eglantine, Lady, obit.,
Bale Mr., 371 ; Aug. moe Aes, Sir
Guy, Hen. F,, Kath. J. Lady
Mary, 357.
Stereum, species, 472.
Sterlyng, John, deed, 347.
Stevens (—), 402. Frank, 43,
333, 349 ; Guide, 47; Hospitality,
44; On China, 45; On Stone-
henge and Karnac, noticed, 365,
366; writings, 385. Hen.,
412; John, 304; Mary, 408 ;
Thos., 306, 405; Will, 304;
Deed, 406—408.
Stewart,Charles, legitimate s.of Ch.
II.? 373.
Stileman, Thos., 296, 297,
Stiles family, of Wantage, 168.
Ben. Haskins builds Bowden
Ho., 168, 171. Ellinor, 168.
Hen., 168. Sir John Kyles,
169. Jos. Haskins, 168.
Rich., 206. Rob. endows
Wantage almhouses, 168.
Stinkhorn, Fungus, 473. 7
Stitchcombe, Goldeneye Duck,
135.
Stoakes, Will., 427.
Stock, Thos., 416, 417.
Stockbridge, 458.
Stocks & Pillory, use of, 518, 520.
Earthworks,
objects found on Rom. Brit,
site, 1923. By R. de C.
Wan Kivell,389—394 | fgs.);
Ditch, and streets, 389 ; Extent
and date of, 389, 390; Mound,
389. Ground Celt of Stone-
henge Diabase, 360. Long
. barrow, scheduled, iL
Stoke Farthing (Bd. Chalke), 124.
Stokke (Gt. Bedwyn), Fungi, 468,
469.
Stone circles set up in mining dis-
tricts, 565. Scheduled, list of,
179. Sepulchral theory, 365.
No recumbent stone in
centre known, 363, 365.
Stone implements, experiments in
methods of boring described,
449, New Guinea, 348.
Celts, Brittany type, polished
Jadeite, Breamore, 336 ; Stone-
henge blue stone, 360. Per-
forated axe hammer, E. Kennett
barrow, 275 ; Hammerstones or
maceheads, Bilbury Camp,
R. S. Newall on, 348, 349
( fig.); Marlborough, 349 ; Rams-
gate, 215; Stoneham (Suff.),
349; Stonehenge, found with
cremation beside ditch, similar
examples known, 122. Slate
wrist guards, Roundway, 276 ;
Sutton Veny, 277; Winterslow,
282,337. | Whetstones, Winter-
bourne Stoke barrow, 281.
See also Flint implements.
Stone Mead, explained, 202.
Stone pulpit, N. Cerney Ch., 220.
Stone, I. H., gifts, 41, 252, 384,
442, 509; “The Purpose of
Stonehenge,’ noticed, 187; “The
Stones of Stonehenge,” noticed.
248; “The Story of Stone-
henge,” and “‘ Replies by G. H.
Engleheart,” noticed, 361, 362,
364, 365 ; ‘Supposed Blue Stone
Trilithon at Stonehenge,” no-
ticed, 366; writings, 252.
John, Judith, Kath,, Lucy, Rich.,
Will., 411. Nich., 405.
Stoney Cross(lHants), cin. urn, 323.
Stonehenge, altar stone, originally
prostrate or erect, 363, 364.
‘** And Karnac,” by A. R. Hinks,
noticed, 237. Astronomical
theory discussed, 238, 363, 364.
Aubrey holes, 137 ; Dis-
covered and excavated, 41, 45,
118, 138; Contained original
blue stone circle, 118, 138, 361,
365; Cremated bones in, 118,
138; One hole in centre of
entrance causeway, 121.
Avenue, age of, not original, 362,
363; Course of W. Amesbury
branch discovered, 42, 364;
630
Illusts., 130 ; Ditches excavated,
no connection with main ditch,
121; Scheduled, 176. Barrows,
no connection with Stonehenge,
237; S. “ Barrow ” excavated,
site of stone, 120. Bases of
stones packed with Sarsen and
Chilmark stone, 118, 119.
Bluestones brought from Wales,
361; Celts made from, 360;
Chips of numerous, 118; Circle
excavated, stumps found, width
between stones, 360; Destroyed
in 17th cent., 360 ; Grooved blue-
stone, a gnomon, 137; Not drift
boulders, 139; Original circle of,
3615; Trilithon and lintel, E. H.
Stone on, noticed, 366, 384; Col.
Hawley’s theory, 360. Bronze
Age bone pin, 359; Cremated
burials in silting of ditch, 359 ;
Date of circle, 565; Pottery, 118.
Cin. urn found near, 323.
Development of plan, successive
stages, E. H. Stone on, 361.
Ditch, craters near causeways,
359 ; Cremations in silting, 119,
120, 122; Deer horn picks, 119—
121; Earlier than present
structure, 361; Excavations,
plans, &c., 120, 359; No con-
nection with avenue, 120, 121 ;
Not defensive, but mark of Tabu,
363; Recesses in sides used as
dwellings, 120, 121. Druids,
Latter day, burial of ashes at S.,
protests against, 43, 136, 338,
339. Entrance causeways,
dimensions, 45, 121; Row of
postholes across, 121;. Four
stones shown by Inigo Jones,
121. Rev. G. H. Engleheart
reads on, 46. Excavations by
Col. Hawley, 41, 214, 442; Re-
ports on, 1923—25, noticed, 117
—122,358—361. Fallen stones,
re-erection urged, 43. Flint
implements, 361; Illust., 118,
359; Celt, polished, fragment,
120. Foreign architect theory,
362, Four stations, date and
plan, 361, 362. Glass bottle,
17th cent., 360. Helestone
and Slaughterstone, defensive ?
361,363 ; Derivation, 498 ; Ditch
round, 121. Illusts., 138, 365.
Lintels lifted, weight of, 118,
INDEX TO VOL. XLIII.
365. H. J. Massingham on,
137. Mauls and hammer-
stones, 119, 120. Mid-summer
sunrise, illust., 365. Never
completed, 362, Not derived
from stone circles, 364, 365.
Neolithic, date of 8., 363, 364 ;
Originally a defensive settle-
ment? 121, 361, 362. Orient-
ation of S., by E. H. Stone,
noticed, 288. Outer circle,
570 ; Stones concreted, 118.
Owners of S., 505. Perforated
polished mace head, 122.
Plans given, 510. Post holes,
359, 860 ; Across causeway, 121,
122 ; At base of stones, object of,
118—120. “‘ Purpose of,” by
E. H. Stone, noticed, 237 ; Con-
troversy, 1387. Roman coin,
119; Interment, 122; Pottery,
118, 120. Sepulchral or tem-
ple origin, discussed, 237, 238,
364, Shadow Almanack theory,
137, Skeleton, modern ? 120,
Slaughter stone intention-
ally buried, once erect in hole
near it, 119, 121, 188; ‘l'o defend
entrance, 861 ; Row of holes on
it, part of dial, 187. “Stones
of S.,” by E. H. Stone, noticed,
248, “ Story of S.,” by E. H.
Stone, and “ Facts and Fancies,”
by G. H. Engleheart, noticed,
361 --865. Sun worship at S.,
364, 366. Sunk fence pro-
posed, 43. Trilithons, ana-
logues of, 865 ; Illust., 568.
Y.and Z. rows of holes excavated,
41, 122, 360; Never used for
stones, 359, 362.
Storey, Mr., buys Bradenstoke,
- 447,
Stourhead, furniture made for art.
on,noticed,241; Trees in grounds,
art. on, noticed, 250.
Stourton, see White Sheet Castle.
Stourton, [Ld., owns Monkton
Farleigh, 10.
Stowell Park (Glos), 217.
Stowerpaine, 306.
Stowford (Winkfield), Manor and
Mill House, art on, noticed, 502,
5038 ; Derivation, 125.
““Straet ’=Road, 125.
Stratford sub Castle, A.S. charter,
126,
INDEX TO VOL. XLIII. 631
Stratford Tony, A.S. charter, 125.
Stratford, Archbishop, 478.
Strand, Mrs., hospitality, 443,
Stratton St. Margaret, Evans’ pro-
perty, 172. Tithing of Cor-
sham Manor, 518, 534.
_ Stratton, Upper, 172.
Stratton family own Seagry, 288 ;
of Bremilham, ped.,286. Mr.,
498. Anne (I. & II.), 286, 292,
294, 296, 297. Betty, 409
F., 494. Hen., 286. Johan,
989. John, 286, 288, 293, 295,
296, 304. Rebecca, 285, 286,
294, 295; Deeds, 292, 293.
Rob. (I. & I. ), 295—297, 307 ;
Holds Seagry, 286. Thos.,
286, 292, 294—297. Thos.
Spender, deed, 408, 409,
Street, C. E., work, 127. Hen.,
32.
Strickland, John, art. on, noticed,
564.
Stripple stones dated, 363.
Stropharia, species, 143, 149, 467.
Stuart, Lady Arabella, 505.
Studley (Lydiard Tregoze), 294.
Stump, John & Mark E., 415.
Sturminster Marshall (Dors.), cin.
urn, 323.
Stype (Bedwyn), fungi, 467.
Subberton (Hants), 296.
Suddery, Corn., 409.
Sudweeks, W. R., gift, 141.
Suffolk, Ld., 174.
Sugar Beet, cultivation, 464,
Sugar Hill, see Aldbourne.
Sugar Loaf given as present, 234.
Sulham (Berks), cin. urn., 323.
Sumers, Thos., 197.
“ Summerfield,” defined, 196.
Sumorseetas, 370.
Sumner, Heywood, se Be cavations
at E. Grimstead Rom. Villa,”
noticed, 130—132; Gift, 141.
Sumption, Will., 339.
Sun Worship at Carnac & Stone-
henge, 363, 366.
-Sundeys Hill (Brinkworth), 124.
semingdale (Surrey), cin. urn,
Surrendell Barrow, 227.
Sutton Benger, 367.
ter, 124.
Sutton Knock, 291.
Sutton Poynz, cin. urn, 322.
Sutton Scotney, 458.
VOL, XLIII.—NO, CXLVI.
A. S. char-
Sutton Veny (Fenny Sutton), 291.
Barrows, bronze awl, drink-
ing cups, 277, 322 ; Long barrow
scheduled, 177. Property, 292.
St. Leonard’s Church, illust.,
239.
Sutton family, of Devizes, descent
of, 374. Anne (I., II. & IIT.),
374, James (I. & II.), 374;
Benefaction, 507. John (I. &
II.) & Mary, 374, (Rob. I. &
II.), R. & Eliz., R. & Harriett,
brought news of Waterloo to
London, Chairman of Stock
Exchange, 374. Rob., Arch-
deacon of Lewes, 374. Wad-
ham Locke & Louisa, 374,
Swallowcliffe Down,an inhab-
ited site of La Tene I. date,
by BR. C. C. Clay, 59—93,
435, 437, 540—556.
Animal bones, 69; Report on
by J. W. Jackson, 90—93;
Badger, 93; Bird bone imple-
ments, 81; Dog, 90—93, 487 ;
Goat, 90—93; Pig, 93; Horse,
Celtic, 90—93 ; Sheep, 93; Ox,
Celtic, 92 ; Water Vole, 93.
Bone and antler objects, awls,
64—67, 80( fig.) ; Boar’s tusk for
suspension, 78 ; combs, weaving,
65—67, 76, 77,540 (jigd.); dress
fastener, 81 (jig.) ; ferrule, 540
(figd.) ; Gouges, 64—67, 75, 76,
540 ( fig.) ; grooved metatarsals,
used in weaving ? 78, 79 (figd.) ;
handles, 79 (jigd.); needles, 77,
(figd.), 541 (figd.); picks,
method of use, 80; pins, 79 (fig.);
polishing bones, 81 ( figd.) ; rib
knives, 67, 79, 80 ( figd.); spoon ?
542 (figd.) Boundary ditch,
62. Bronze objects, awls, 64,
74 (figd.); brooch, 74 (jfigd.);
hook, 64, 74 (jfigd.); fuzed bronze,
753 pin, 65 (jfigd.); plate, 65;
slag, 61, 66; wire, 64, 67, 74, 75,
541. Chalk objects, drill
steadiers, 85 (jig.); drums or
cheese-shaped objects, 66, 86
(jfigd.) ; loom weights, 68, 69, 78,
540, 541 ; sling bullets, 86 ( figd. ),
540 ; spindle whorls, 64—67,
84, 85 ; worked pieces, 86.
Charcoal, A. H. Lyell on, 89, 90.
“ Circus” or moot ?, 62, 63.
Excavations, 501. Flat
Dy We
632 INDEX TO VOL. XLII.
implements absent, 75, 87, 156,
161, 321. Glass beads, 62, 65,
540 (figd.); stratified eye beads,
H.W. Beck on, 88, 89 (jigd.).
Gold plated bronze finger ring,
74 (jigd.). Hammerstones,
88 (jfigd.). Human remains,
62 ; Report on, 90. Tron ob-
jects, awls and pins, 64—66, 67,
82 (fig.); bill hook, 66, 82, 83
( figd.) ; brooch, 65, La Tene I.,
82 ( figd.) ; cleats, 66, 83 ( figd.) ;
ferrule, 83 (figd.); knives, 65,
83 ( figd.), 540 ( fig.) ; ore from
Westbury, 75 ; pins, ring-headed
and swan-necked, 82 (jigd.) ;
pyrites, strike-a-light, 87; slag,
541 ; smelting, bloom found, 61 ;
various, 83. Mollusca, A. S.
Kennard on, 90. Pits exca-
vated, described 41, 60, 61 ; table
of contents, 64—69 ; irregularly
placed, 60; number of, 540;
objects from,in Devizes Museum,
140, 214,572; Post hole, 70 ; steps
or ladder to, 60; stone floor, 541 ;
storage pits, 61; two periods of
occupation, 61; twin pits, 61;
wattle and daub roofs, 61.
Pot boilers, 61, 540, 542.
Pottery, Early Iron Age, balls
of clay, 86, 87 ( jig.); vessels de-
scribed, 70—74 (figd.), 540—542
( figd.); made on the spot, 61 ;
Rom. Brit.,70. Saddle querns,
only, 88. Sling bullets, 65, 67.
Wheat, 90. W hetstones,
88. Wooden loom frame, 63
(figd.), 69, 88.
Swallowcliffe Lynchets, chess
board, 59. Ridgeway, 59.
Walker’s Hill, chert implements,
160.
Swanborough, Mr., 567.
Swanton, E. W., on Fungi, 145,
467, 476.
Swarbreck, John, 406.
Swastika of La Tene I. date, Meare
(Som.), 318.
Swayne, J. F., biog. notice, 30.
Swayneston (I. of W.) Manor, 514.
Sweatman, John, 416, 417.
Swell, Nether (Glos.), Cin. urns,
319, 323.
Swiss lake dwellings, fungi, 465.
Swindon, 236. * Advertiser,”
559. Bead rim pot, 343 ( figd.).
. Templer, Will., 479.
- Thomas, Evan, “astronomer,” 573.
Cin. urns, 323, 324.
Human remains with drinking |
cups, Sir A. Keith on, 277, 311, |
312.
Swyer, Rob., gift, 252.
Sylvester, Mr., 506.
Syon Abbey, hold Corsham Rec- |
tory, 126, 523. |
Talbot,C. H., on Amesbury Church,
133, 134. Emma, 354. is
Fox, writings, 510. Arch-
deacon R. T., writings, 104. )
W. H. Fox, discovers photo- |
graphy, 244.
“Tales of Mother Goose,” pub. by |
B. C. Collins, 38.
Tallage, 518.
Tan Hill, 354. Cin. urn, 323.
Fair, 355; in 1636, 234,
Height, 367. Wansdyke, 371. |
Tanner, Dan., 304. John, 304 ;
gift, 140. W. T. buys, Will. |
sells Rockley. 497.
Tapp, Dr. excavation, 211; gift,
207, 441. |
Tarrant Monkton (Dors.), cin. urn,
323.
Tarrant, Uriah, 297.
Tate, Faithful, art. on, noticed, 564. |
Taunton, 306, 307. St. James,
118. : |
Tayler, Mr., 338. Will. Hen, |
printer, 35. “|
Taylor, John, 340. M. V., gift,
141. Thos. (I. &II.), 299—301.
Teal, 135.
Tedbury, Will., 535.
Tedrington (Tytherington), 291.
Teeth, Saxon, condition of, caries,
&c., 99, 100.
Teffont, 427.
Telamonia, species, 150,
Tennant, Edw. Wyndham, art. on, |
noticed, 247. |
Territorials, assocn., 221.
Terry, James, 308,
Tetbury, 123, 456.
School, 173. _
Thames river, 163.
mace heads, 122.
Thatched houses forbidden in|
Devizes, 506.
Thatcham, flint implements, 161.
Thingley, 415.
Grammar |
Perforated |
Dr. H. H., 348, 360; On}
INDEX TO VOL. XLIII. 633
the Kenwardstone (Geo-
logical), 210—212. N.,W.,
246.
Thompson, Brig.-Gen. W.G., gift,
509.
Thoms, H.S., 160.
Thornbury (Glos.), 221.
Thornhill, H. J., 410.
Thorner, Paul, Rich. (I. & II.), &
Will., 293, 294.
Thorpe, Rob., Ali.
Thorverton Manor held by Mar-
moutier Abbey. 126.
“Thread the Needle ”~ custom at
Crockerton, 239.
Three Shire Stones, described, 227.
Three Weeken Court, described,
519,
Thresher, Edw., 402, 403. _ Ellen,
407. John, 403, 404.
Threshing flails joined by eel skin,
247.
Thrift, Edw., 538. John, 538;
Death in Box Church ‘Tower,
565.
Thurnam, Dr., excavations, 278,
281; On Bronze Age Drinking
Cups, 267, 268. Thos., monu-
ment in St. John’s, Devizes,
374,
Thynne, Lt.-Col. Ld. Geo., letters,
Boils a
Tibbs, Thos., 423.
Tibet expedition, 108.
Tickford (Bucks), Priory claims
Corsham Rectory, 126, 522.
Tidcombe, Fungi, 472, Long
barrow scheduled, 177.
Tidworth, 151.
Tiles, encaustic, Monkton Farleigh
Priory, 15.
Tilshead, deed, 298. Interment
with iron knife and coal, 251.
_ Long barrows scheduled, 177.
Property, 306, 307. White
and silver, barrows, illust., 568.
Timbrell, Thos., 407.
Tinhead (Edington), long barrow
scheduled, 177.
Tinkley Bottom, derivation, 124.
Tisbury and Wardour, A.S. Char-
ter, 125. Barn illust., 501.
Tisted (Hants), 285.
Titcombe, (—), 406.
Tithes, “ adjustment,’ 480.
Great and small, distinguished,
478. Modus or composition
for, 478, 479. On Milk and
Calf, 478. On Wood, 478.
See Purton Tithe Book.
Tithings, derivation, 534.
Tits, 243.
Tiverton, 306.
Tobacco in Devizes accts., 233.
Todd, J. H., 427.
Tockenham Geology, 367, 500.
Jacob family, deeds, 251.
Manor deeds, 509, 573.
Tokens, Trade, colln. given by Gen.
G. Ll. Palmer, 509.
Tollard Royal, A.S. Charter, 124.
Tomar (Portugal), 153.
Tonbridge School, 117.
Tonkinson, Rev. T. S., guide, 219.
Tooting Graveney, 225.
66 Topographer, The,” acct. of, 26,
AT
Topography of Wilts, see Biblio-
graphy.
Torre Abbey Ch., 4.
Tostig, held Corsham, 512.
Totem, Thos., 408.
Tottenham Park, 172. Fungi,
147, 466, 475.
Totterdown, lines of Sarsens, 335.
Tounson, John, Bp. of Salisbury,
382.
Tours, Abbey of “ Marmoutier,”
holds Corsham, 126.
Townesend, Thos., 404.
Townshend family, of Rainham,
499. Geo., Ist Marquis, 499.
Tozer, Rev. W. H., gift, 252.
Track ways, Prehistoric and Neo-
lithic settlements, 156.
Trametes, species, 471.
‘*'Transvaal War,” by Ed. Slow, 112.
Trapp, Jos., writings, 252.
Trebeck, Ch., 418, 419.
Tree, Simon, 428, 429.
Tregeseal (Corn.) chambered bar-
row, Cin. urn, 318, 321.
Tregoze family, 496.
‘l'remella, species, 473.
Trenchard, J. Ashfordby, obit.,
306, J. H. M. A,, 357.
JS-A &J.T.CA,, 356.
Tricholoma, species, 145, 465, 466.
Tring, 103; sheep show, 455.
Tropenell Cartulary, 519. MS.
returned to Gt. Chalfield, 339.
Tropenell, Chr. & Marg., 525.
Thos., 532, 536—538; builds
screens at Chalfieldand Corsham,
BAG) De
634 INDEX TO VOL. XLII.
127; rebuilds Lady Chapel, Cor-
sham, 525 ; tomb, 525 (jfigd.).
Troston Heath (Suff.), cin. urn,
323. (564,
Troughton, Will., art. on, noticed,
Trow Down, Drow Copse, deriva-
tion, 124,
Trowbridge, 102, 105, 247, 305, 306,
408, 417. Bulgins Castle, 498.
Castle, cemetery, site of,
345. Chamber of Commerce
started, 105. Church, Norman
gravestones, 345. Court Street,
Norman gravestones on site of
Castle, 345 (jig.). Crabbe at,
563. Galley and Houlton
property, 307.
498. In 1750, art. on, noticed,
498. “Knobs,” 504.
and poor, art. noticed, 501.
Rhyme, 503, 504.
Tue Streets lighted, 498.
‘Settlement ” dispute, 502.
The Tabernacle, 105. = Woollen
Industry, 449. :
Trowbridge, John, 425. Ld.
Seymour of, deed, 472.
Troy, spindle whorls, 86.
Troyte Bullock, Lt.-Col. E. G.,
383.
Truelove, adventures of Mr. O.,
573.
Trueman, Eliz., 401.
Truffle Dogs; Pewsey, 248, 249.
Trumper, Isobel, gift, 141.
Truslow, John & Rich., legacy to
Devizes poor, 507.
Tubaria, species, 144, 467.
Tuck, Adam, 302. H., 348.
Miss M. C., gift, 509.
Tucker, Ann, 408. E. N., address,
446. Arth., Eliz., Hen., Jane,
John, Mary, Rich., Rob. 172.
Will., deed, 402.
Tuffnell, Henrietta S., 170.
Tugwell, G. H., 414, 415. Will.,
deed, 424.
Tunbridge Ware, Green Wood
coloured by fungus, 475.
Turner, (—), 17. Geo., 428.
John, 236. Thos. & Will. (I.
& II.), 420. Sir Will., deed,
401.
Turry, Rich. de, 513.
Tussell, John, 304.
Tuyl, pate de, buys Bradenstoke,
3, 447.
George Inn,
Parish |
Sermon, —
T witcher, Hen., Sarah, Will., 428,
Twynam, John, 457.
Tykeford, see Tickford.
Tylee, John & Thos., 235.
Tyler, Jonathan, 403, 405,
Tyley, Ch., 406. ;
Tyne to Solway, Roman wall, 123.
Tyntesfield, 102.
Tytherington (Tedrington), 292.
Barrow, drinking cup, 274,
275. | |
Tytherton Kelloways, 106.
Uffington, White Horse, 504.
Ulwell (Dor.), cin. urn, 323.
Underhill, Edw., 427.
Upavon, 454, 456. Interment
and drinking cup, 277.
Upham, Upper, Bronze ring-headed
pin, 343 (ig.).
Uphill (Som.), 563.
Upton Bishop, 106.
Upton Grey (Hants), 458.
Upton Lovel, A.S. charter, 125.
Barrows, bronze awl, & drinking
cups, 277, 278, 322. See also
Knook Castle.
Upton Scudamore, 239.
Utricularia, species, 496.
Vallance, Aymer, 139 ; Note, 337.
Vallonia, species, 100, 434.
Vardy, Mr., 36. Richd. E, 34.
Vauxhall, St. Peter’s, 114.
Veal, John, deed, 424.
Venetian beads in W. Africa, 566.
~ Vernham, C., sheep, 459.
Veronica, species, 466,
Vertigo, species, 100, 434.
Vestey, Hon. Mrs., 217.
Vestry Meeting, Powers of, 527.
** Vicar of Wakefield,” Ist edit., 38.
Vicarages, large, sold, 116.
Vict. & Albert Museum, 374.
Village Feast or Revel, 355.
“ Villages of N. Wilts,” by J. Lee
Osborne, noticed, 502, Pre-
historic & Rom. Brit. on Downs,
Saxon in valleys, map of, S.
Wilts, 130.
Villiers-au-Tertre, 152,
Vincent, C., 395.
Vinsie, (—), 340.
Viola, species, 496.
Viper at Pewsey, 135. —
Virgate & virgators, defined, 533.
Visger, Harman, 496.
Vitrea, species, 90.
Vivash, Susannah, 172.
INDEX TO VOL. XLIII. 635
Volunteers, 1806, numbers, 337.
Volvaria, species, 143, 146.
Waddesden (Bucks), 411, 412.
Wadman, Edw. (I. & II.), John,
Rob., 403.
Wake, Dr. Ch. & Magdalen, 563.
Wale, Thos., 308.
Walbury (Berks), cin. urn, 323.
Waldensians, collections for in
Wilts, 249,
Walker arms, 305, 306. Heanage
é& John, 305, 306.
Walkham, Edw., 206.
Wallace, A. H., writings, 243.
Waller, Col. R. L., gifts, 140, 349,
398.
Wallingford, 113. Cin, urn, 323.
Wallis, Betty, 422. John (1. &
IT.), 421, 427, 535; deeds, 422,
423, 426,427. Ruth, 421, 426;
deed, 422, 423. Susanna,
deed, 422. Will., 306, 403.
Walshe, Thos., Prior of Braden-
stoke, builds Prior’s lodging, 2 ;
name and rebus there, 8.
Walter, John, 306.
Walters, Hen., 306.
Walton-on-Thames, cin. urn, 323.
Wanborough, barrow,drinking cup,
278 ; human remains, described,
311. Not site of battle, 371.
Wangen (Switz.) Lake Village, bird
bone implement, 81.
Wansdyke, 139. Camps con-
nected with dyke, 561 ; rectang-
ular, date of, 370. Dates,
possible, and purpose of thedyke,
123, 561, 562, 566. Defence
against Picts and Scots, 123,
246. Extension to Inkpen,
object of, 123. In Savernake
Forest and beyond, 123; excav-
ations, 1923, &c., 41, 232.
Made by Ceawlin, 370. “The
Mystery of,” by A. F. Major and
E. J. Burrow, noticed, 560—562.
Not defensive, to mark Saxon
boundary, 370. Not finished,
370,371. Notthe “Turf wall”
of Gildas, 123. On line of
Rom. Rd., Wessex boundary 2,
511. On Odd Down (Som.),
excavated, 246. ‘* Problem
of,” by A. F. Major, noticed, 122,
123. 8S. branch to Ludgershall,
non-existent, 560. Work of
different ages, 561.
Wantage, 169. Almshouse en-
dowed by Stiles family, 168.
War, Badges of Regiments, cut on
Downs, illusts., 242. War
Office land on Plain, barrows
destroyed, 446.
Warbler, Grasshopper, 231.
Ward, Mrs. Atkinson, port., 376.
Rowland, 333.
Warden, Jos, 425.
Wardour, cin. urn, 323. Geology,
156. See Castle Ditches.
Wareham (Dor.), cin. urn, 323.
Warleigh Manor, 226.
Warman, Jane, 409. Susanna,
Ws
Warminster, 407, 408. Arn Hill,
Good Friday, “ Best Ball,” 239,
Battlesbury Camp, 239.
Clipping the Church, 239,
Folk Lore, 142 ; by V. S. Manley
on, noticed, 238, Guide bk.,
official, noticed, 142, 239,
Illusts. of Battlesbury Hill
Town and Shepherds’ Steps ;
Boreham Rd., Church, Norman
window ; Cold Harbour ; Cop
Head Lane ; Downland ; Market
Place; Park and Lake; Town
Hall; War Memorial, 239,
Long barrows scheduled, Collo-
way Clump, King Barrow, Oxen-
dean, 177. Middle Hill
Lynchets, illust., 130. Papers,
“ Warminster and Westbury
Journal,’’ Hist. of, 36, 37; “ W.
Herald and Gen. Weekly Adver-
biserce weasts vol 34535) me
Miscellany and Local Adver-
tiser, Hist. of, 34. Plan, 239,
St. Boniface College, Hist.
of, noticed 500, 566. Woollen
Industry, 449. See also Bugley.
Warren, John, 292.
Warton, Jos., 563.
Warwick, 459.
Washington family of Garsdon,
arms, 499; art on noticed, 244,
245. Lawrence, Sir Lawrence,
& Lawrence (II.),244, 499; Rob.
& Eliz., brass at Brington (North-
ants.), 499.
Wastel, John & Alice, deed, 347,
348.
Wastfield, Rich., 3801. Will.
Ci & TT); 535.
Water Fleas, species, 497. Water
636 INDEX TO VOL. XLIII.
Rail, 243. Water Supply, art.
on noticed, 249,
Waterloo, news brought by R.
Sutton, 374.
Waterman, Jonathan, deed, 573.
Waters & Rawlence, 225. E. &
W., sheep, 459.
Watson, Aaron, “A Newspaper
Man’s Memories,” noticed, 241 ;
Gift, 252 ; Obit. and list of writ-
ings, 243, 493, 494; Port., 241.
A. J., 233, 466; Note, 335.
Betty, 408. F., guide, 46.
Watson Taylor, John, MS. genea-
logical notes, bequest, 441.
Watts, John, 236. Marg., 404.
Wayte, Cath., endows school,
Haydon Wick, 171, 172.
Eleanor, 285. Eliz., Bk. of
prayers, 173. Rose, 285.
Sam., Sam. Simon, Simon, 171.
’ Will, 171; & Ann, own
Seagry, 285, 291, 292.
Weavern Brook, 244.
Webb, Mrs., 564. Edw., 428,
429, EK. Doran,133. Jones,
sheep, 460. Pet., 339, 341.
Randolph, 404. Ricbh., 299.
Rob., 428. Thos., 195, 197,
299,409. W.A., gift, 384,
Webber, Christian & Eliz., 535.
Webbs Gully Wood, Fungi, 471.
Wedhampton, 408.
Wednesday (Staffs.), site of Wod-
nesbeorh, 371.
Weeks, Mr., 94.
Weigh Bridge Ho., 429.
Welby, Sir Alfred, writings, 502.
Welford, John, 348.
Well Fiend, legend, 239.
Welles, Gilbert & Mary, deed, 291,
292. John, 411.
Wells Cathedral, 15.
Wells, donkey wheels, 249.
See Hogs Well.
Wells, Edw., 531. James, of
Aldbourne, bell founder, 527.
John, 294, 478, 481.
Will., printer, 32.
Wesley, Ch., at Devizes, 380.
John in Wilts, art. on, noticed,
380. )
West family, 538. Joanna, 502.
John, 300. Thos., 340.
Westbrook, geology, 367, 500.
Westbury, 59, 357. Coal
measures, depth under W.,
367. Tron from, used at
Swallowcliffe, 75. ** Settle-
ment” dispute, 502. White
Horse, 239. Woollen industry,
449.
Westbury on Trym, 358.
Westcott (Bucks), 411.
Westerley (Glos.), 304.
“Western Lit. Advertiser,” hist.
of, 27, 29. :
Westminster Abbey, 238.
Weston (Som.), 305.
Weston, Ellen & Hen., 358.
John, 195, 199.
Westwells, East, 413.
Westwood (Hants), A.S. charter,
125. (Wilts) A.S. charter,
125; Church and Manor Ho.,
note on, 139. Elms Cross
burned by suffragettes, 224.
Westwood, John, deed, 347.
Wexcombe Ho., dairy farming,
arts. on and illusts, noticed, 379,
501 ; Chapel, 379, 567. Down,
Long barrow, scheduled, 177.
Plants, 232. Village, illust.,379.
Weyhill (Hants), 207.
Weymouth, cin. urn, 323. Fin-
gertip invaders, 319.
Whaddon, Long family of, 503.
Whaddon, Parson at Kington
Priory, 20.
Whateley, John, 348, 402, 403.
Mary, 403.
Whatton, Hugh de H., 497.
Wheat, Early Iron Age, Swallow-
cliffe, 90. Prices in 1800, 507.
Wheeler, James, 403, 424, 429.
John, 303, 429, 430. Jos. (I.
& II.), 429, 430.
Whippings, Public, in Wilts, num-
ber of, 507.
Whitby Jet, mined in Neolithic
Age, 565.
White Coln (Essex), Cin. urn, 323.
White Horse Hill (Berks), Saxon
barrow excavated, 437.
* White Horses of Wilts and War
Badges,” by G. Lansdown, no-
ticed, 242, 251.
White Lackington (Som.), 377.
White Sheet Castle Camp and
barrow scheduled, 176.
Hill, 59.
White Arms, Seagry Ho., 289.
Alice, 415. A. R,, gift, 373.
Fr., 304. G. A. Hi,
INDEX TO VOL. XLIII. 637
** Chippenham — in
days,” noticed, 132, 133 ;
Gifts, 40 ; obit., 358.
358. John, 407. Nich., 287,
294. Priscilla, 288. Sarah,
(I. & II.) & Mary, 421. ‘Thos.,
401. Will., 299.
Whitechurch, 459.
Whitehaven, 357.
Whitehead, Manasseh & Martha,
401, 402, 405.
Whiteparish, 226. [249.
Whitfield, T. W., on water supply,
Whithord, Rich., 198.
Whitman, John & Walt., 538.
Whitton Park, Hounslow, 221.
Wich, Mrs., alias Hungerford,
land at Calstone, 194.
“ Wick,’ sign of Roman occupation,
503.
Wickwar (Glos.), geology, 509.
Widley (Hants), A.S. charter, 124.
Widows estate, 202—205.
Unchaste, rights of, 206.
Wield, Eliz. & Will., 411.
Wigan, E. A., 207.
Wightwick, Ch., Eliz., Hen., Susan,
173, 174.
Wigmore, Will., 347, 348.
Wilbury Ho., 337.
Wilcot, Draycot Hill Barrow,
scheduled, 178.
Wild, John, 297.
Wilde, Ralph, 412. Sarah, d. of
Sir John, 171.
Wilkins, Edmund, 307—309 ; Con-
trols Malmesbury election, 376.
Willett, James, 404, Thos., 297,
301, 307.
Williams, Mr., buys Bradenstoke,
447, Alfred, on Folk Song,
250; On polecats, 333, 334 ;
Writings, 501, 504. E.S., 131.
L. E., on Amesbury Ch., 134.
Williams-Freeman, Dr. J. P., 207
—209.
ee eevon family held Calstone,
Willis, J., 453. Rev. J. L., 536.
Will., 430.
Willoughby, Harry, 306.
Willow charcoal, 90.
Wilsaetas, 370.
Wilsford, 107, 494. (N. Wilts)
earthwork scheduled, 176.
(S. Wilts) barrows, drinking
cups, &c., 278, 279 ; Scheduled,
Wet ilies See also Lake;
Normanton.
Wilshire, John, 535.
Wilson, John, 206. Rob. &
Marg., 171.
Wilton, 110, 225. “W. & Salis-
bury Chron.,” hist. of, 33.
Carriage works, 110. ‘* Chron-
ology of, with acct. of Bishops,
&e., by Ed. Slow,” 112.
Church, old glass, visited, 45.
Estate, sale catalogues, 252 ;
Maps given, 141, 214, 252, 442.
“ Harvest Home at, by E.
Slow.” 110. House, art. on
and illusts., noticed, 242 ; Family
group by Van Dyck, 242 ;
Wyatt’s Gothic porch removed,
242; Visited, 45. Hunt, 104.
Incorporation as_ borough,
33. Literary Institute, 32.
“ WiltonMonthlyIllust.Journal,”
hist. of, 31, 32. Pembroke
Arms Inn, 45. Sheep, 459.
Wool loft, Market Place, 33.
Woollen Industry, 449.
Wilton (Nr. Bedwyn), Brails,
Fungi, 151, 465—472, 475.
Wilts Agricultural Assocn., 224,
Wilts and Dorset Motor Services,
106.
Wilts and E. Somerset Congre-
gational Union, 105.
“ Wilts and Glos. Standard,’’ 510,
Wilts Archzolog. Soc. accounts,
253—255, 386—388. Financial
condition, 39, 40, 214. Maga-
zine, cost of printing, 40, 42, 214,
441, MSS. catalogued, 285—
310, 442. Membership, 213,
440; List of, 256—266; Hon.
member elected, 39. Meet-
ing, Salisbury, 1924, 39—
47 ; Cirencester, 1925, 213
—220 ; Chippenham, 1926,
440—448. Museum, see
Devizes. Reports, 213—
215, 440—442, Sub-
scription increased, 40, 42, 43;
Effect of, 440.
Wiltshire Bank Notes, 141.
W. books, pamphlets,
and articles, 115—139, 227
—251,358—383,496—508,
560—571. “W. County
Council Record,” hist. of, 29, 30.
“W. County Telegram and
-
638 INDEX TO VOL, XLIII.
Salisbury Advertiser,” hist. of,
38. “WW. Folk Songs and
Carols, by Rev. G. Hill,” noticed,
107, 108. “ W. Herald,” 35.
“In some W. Bye-ways,”
noticed, 247. “W. News-
papers, Past and Present,
Pt. III., S. Wilts, by Mrs.
H. Richardson, 26—38.
N. and 8. Wilts distinguished,
449. Part of W. formerly in
Berks, 163. Place of W. in
National Hist., 223. * Wilt-
shire Rant,” given, 442, 509.
W. Regt., Chaplain, 114; 2nd
Batt., hist. of, noticed, 246.
“ School, History of,” 223.
See also Sheep.
Wiltshire, Ann, Rebecca, Rob.,
Walt., 301, 302. John, 405.
Mary, gift, 142; writings no-
ticed, 245.
Wiltshiremen in London, assocn.
of, 107. ;
Winch, Mr., Militia letters, 337.
Winchester, Cin. urn, 323. Col-
lege, 563. Saxon coins struck,
380.
Winckworth, John, 294.
Windsor, Peculiar Court of Dean
& Canons, 169. Royal Borough,
508.
Wingfield, 356, 403. Church,
brass, 502. Common, Road,
a Ridgeway, 125. Trull Ho.,
502. See Stowford.
Winklebury Camp=Winterburh,
124, Early Iron Age pits,
flints, 87. Scheduled, 176.
Winsley, 406. Deed, 401.
Field and place names, Ashley,
407 ; Banbury Leigh, 406; Battle
Pit, 402 ; Forestreet, 406; Oake
Way, 401; Symonds Parrock,
407. See also Bradford ;
Budbury.
Winslow, Will., 417, 420.
Winterborne, 481. (Wilts)
(? Laverstock) A.S. Charter, 124.
Winterbourne Bassett, Stone Circle
scheduled, 179. Rabson, 355.
Winterbourne Clenston (Dors.),
cin. urn, 328,
Winterbourne Dauntsey, see Figs-
bury.
Winterbourne Monkton, A.S.Char-
ters, 124. Barrows, drinking
cups, &c., 280; scheduled, 177,
178. Cin. urn, 3238.
Interment, 140; under Sarsen
objects found, 280. Parsonage
Farm,108. Pennings, lynchets,
lines of sarsens, 335. Roman
coins, 140, See also Windmill
Hill.
Winterbourne Stoke _ barrows,
drinking cups, 280—282; flint
dagger, 281; Leaf-shaped flint |
javelin heads, 281; Conigre group
scheduled, 179 ; E. group sched-
uled, 176; round and long bar-
rows scheduled, 177, 178. Cin.
urn, 280, 328 ; ginger jar shape,
324, 336, Manor, customs of,
450 ; number of sheep, 401.
Pit and interment excavated, 344.
Scotland Farm, 344, 345.
Winterbourne Whitchurch (Dors.),
cin. urn, 323, |
Winterslow, 337. Barrow, drink-
ing cup, flint arrowheads, copper
dagger, slate wrist guard, 282.
Hut, Barrow, opening de-
scribed, cin. urn, &c., 336, 337.
Wishford Church, tomb of Sir
Thomas Bonham, Legend of 7 at
a birth, examples in Africa, 246.
*¢ Witches Butter,” 473.
Withers, Dorothy, 234. Kath.,
298.
Withey, 402.
Witley, Gt., 221.
Witney (Oxon.), Polecat, 334.
Witt, Hen., 304.
Wittherton, John, 348.
Wix (Essex), cin. urn, 323.
Wodnesbeorh, Battle, site of, 371.
Alton Priors, 571.
Wollishofen (Switz.),
- whorls, 87.
Wolseley, G. R., 62, 324.
Wonersh (Surrey), cin. urn, 323.
Woodall, T. J., guide, 46.
Wooden shovels, iron shod, 1626,
234.
Woodford Court Ho., illust., 503.
Long barrow scheduled,
177. Water meadows, art.
noticed, 245.
Woodhall Spa., founded, 225.
Woodhall, Will., 411.
Woodhouse (Horningsham),12 men
heneed by Sir F. Doddington,
379.
spindle
i)
i
INDEX TO VOL. XUMI. 639
Woodman, John, 340.
Woodminton (Bowerchalke)
Group of Barrows, opened
by R. C, C. Clay, 313—324,
442. Bronze awl, 322, 350,
384. Cin. urns, 313, 314, 316
( figd.), 322, 350. Early [ron
Age site, 321.
Woodpeckers, 243.
Woodrew (Melksham), 374. —
W oodrof, John, 199.
Woods, Will., 421,
Woodward, B. B., on Mollusca, 325,
434, James, 417, 420.
Woodwork Chest see Corsham
Ch. Pews, Jacobean, Ingle-
sham Ch, 166. Pulpits, Jaco-
bean, Brinkworth Ch., 381;
Inglesham Ch., 166. Screens,
see Amesbury Ch., Inglesham
Ch.
Woody family, 499.
W oodyates (Dors.), barrow, drink-
ing cup, 268. Cin. urns, 323,
326 ; with cross on base, list of
known examples, 317.
Wool, Southdown v. Merino, 453.
Spanish, imported, 456.
Woollen Industry in Wilts, Rise
and fall, 449.
Woolley, J. T., obit., 109. W.4J.,
109.
* Woolmore Farmhouse, its builder
and later owners, by Col. R. W.
Awdry,” noticed, 374, 499.
“ Horners fields, derivation, 375.
Ho. built by G. Hulbert,
375. Legend of Cromwell
hanging men on oak tree, un-
founded, 375. Love’s farm, 375.
Woolmore partly cleared
before 1610, 375.
Wootton Bassett, 303, 358, 367.
Wootton Rivers, geology, 367.
Worbarrow, ditch, 363.
Worcester, 411, College (Oxon,),
244, Regt., 114.
Word ale, Midgehall, 355.
Wordsworth, Chancellor Chr., 372;
Guide, 44; On Magna Charta,
44; Writings, 240. John,
** Bp. of Salisbury and His See,”
by D. Macleane, noticed, 222 ;
Character, 567 ; Life of, 573.
Will. & Bowles, 563.
Worgret (Dors.) Barrow, cin, urn
with cross, 318.
Worlebury Camp, flint arrowhead,
87.
Wormcelift, (—), 340.
Worplesdon (Surrey), cin. urn, 323.
Wraxall, South, 565. Manor
Ho., note on, 139; Plan, 138.
Property, 292. Sir KR. Long of,
20
Wraxall, Will., 307.
Wren, Dr., Rector of Knowle, 382.
Sir Chr., birth place, 382.
Wright (Shepherd), 352.
Wrighte, Hon. Ann, w. of Rev.
Nathan, deed, 404. Powlett,
deed, 405, 407, 408.
Wrightson (—), 457.
Wrington (Som.), 287.
Wroughton, 172. Ellandune,
Elyngdon, 354; A.S. charter, 124.
Evans property, 172.
Geology, 367. Hist. of, 355.
Rectors and Vicars, 355.
See also Barbury.
Wryneck, 135,
Wulfhall Barn, illust., 501.
Wyatt, Ch., 414.
Wymering (Hants) Manor. 285.
Wyndham, Mrs., port., 136. Geo.,
** Life and Letters, by Mackail
and G. Wyndham,” noticed, 383 ;
Port., 136. Guy, port., 136;
writings, 383. Hon. Percy &
Mrs. Percy, ports., 136. Percy
Lyulph, 136. Rachel, 378.
Will., gifts to Salisbury Mus.,
136, 333, 372, 373.
Wyly, John, deed, 348.
Wylye, 37, 389. Hindel’s tene-
ment, 292. Property, 291, 292.
Valley Hunt, illust., 239.
Wylye, Bp. Walt. de la, begins
Salisbury cloisters, 372.
Wytteneye, Thos., 348.
Xerophila, species, 434.
Xylaria, species, 476.
Yard land, measure, 193, 533.
Yarnbury Camp, 570, llust.,
568. Internal ditch, 130.
Scheduled, 176.
Yerbury, Fr. & Jane, 405. John,
deed, 402. Walt., 427, 428.
Will., benefactions, 404.
Yeo Tor Bottom (Dev.), hut circle,
cin. urn, 318.
Yeomanry, 102. Fees for Com-
missions, 338. Flints and
Powder for use of, 338.
640 INDEX TO VOL. XLIII.
Numbers, 1809, 337. Sup-
presses Militia, 506. (And
ee) Papers and Letters,
Bode
Yewe, John, 294, 295.
Yonge, Sir John, work at Hazel-
bury, 377.
York, H. Trinity, alien Priory,
126.
Yorktown (Surrey), 107.
Yorkshire Regt., 108.
Yoruba Country, seven at a birth,
246.
Young family, 174. Abraham,
173. Cecil H., 495. W.,,
88. Will. D., 495. W. EL Ve
gift, 572. Will. Tiptaft, obit.,
495.
Zambesi River, Hill forts, 570.
Zeals Ho., Cat. of books sold, 383.
Zouch family at Galsione, 193.
Zulu War, 224:
END OF VOL. XLITi.
Qe ist qwoodware! Prititet eat Publisher, HEchatee Buildings. Station Road, Devizes.
sy
THE SOCIETY’S PUBLICATIONS (Continued).
STONEHENGE AND ITS BARROWS, by W. Long, Nos. 46-47 of the
Magazine in separate wrapper 7s. 6d. This still remains one of the best and
most reliable accounts of Stonehenge and its Earthworks.
WILTSHIRE—The TOPOGRAPHICAL COLLECTIONS OF JOHN
AUBREY, F.R.S., A.D. 1659-1670. Corrected and enlarged by the Rev.
Canon J. EK. Jackson, M.A., F.S.A. 4to, Cloth, pp. 491, with 46 plates.
Price £2 10s.
WILTSHIRE INQUISITIONES POST MORTEM. CHARLES I. 8vo,
“pp. vil. + 501. 1901. With full index. In 8 parts, as issued. Price 13s.
DITTO. IN THE REIGNS OF HEN. IIL, ED. I., and ED. II. 8vo,
pp. xv. 505. In parts as issued. Price 13s.
DITTO. THE REIGN OF ED. III. 8vo., pp. 402. In six parts
as issued. Price 13s.
A BIBLIOGRAPHY or tHe GREAT STONE MONUMENTS oF
WILTSHIRE, STONEHENGE, anno AVEBURY, with other references,
by W. Jerome Harrison, F.G.S., pp. 169, with 4 illustrations. No. 89, Dec.,
1901, of the Magazine. Price 5s. 6d. Contains particulars as to 947 books,
papers, &c., by 732 authors,
THE TROPENELL CARTULARY. An important work in 2 vols., 8vo,
pp. 927, containing a great number of deeds connected with property in many
Wiltshire Parishes of the 14th and 15th centuries. Only 150 copies were
printed, of which a few are left. Price to members, £1 10s., and to non-
members, £2.
|
WILTSHIRE TOKENS.
The Society has a consiaerable number of 17th and 18th
century Wiltshire Tokens to dispose of, either by sale, or exchange
for.others not in the Society’s collection.
_ Apply to Capr. B. H. Cunnineron, F.S.A. Scot., Curator,
Museum, Devizes.
BOOKBINDING.
Books carefully Bound to pattern.
Wilts Archeological Magazine bound to match previous volumes
Or in Special Green Cases.
We have several back numbers to make up sets.
_C. H. WOODWARD, Printer and Publisher,
| Exchange Buildings, Station Road, Devizes.
THE
North Wilts Museum and
LIBRARY AT DEVIZES.
In answer to the appeal made in 1905 annual subscriptions |
varying from £2 to 5s. to the amount of about £30 a year for this |
purpose have been given since then by about sixty Members of
the Society and the fund thus set on foot has enabled the |
Committee to add much to the efficiency of the Library and —
Museum.
It is very desirable that this fund should be raised to at least |
£50 a year in order that the General Fund of the Society may |
be released to a large extent from the cost of the Museum and |-
set free for the other purposes of the Society.
Subscriptions of 5s. a year, or upwards, are asked for from all
Members, and should be sent either to Mr. D. OwEN, Bank Cham- i
bers, Devizes, or Rev. E. H. Gopparp, Clyffe Vicarage, Swindon. |
The Committee appeal to Members of the Society and others |
to secure any
Objects of Antiquity,
AND ;
Natural History Specimens,
found in the County of Wilts and to forward them to the
Hon, Curator, Capt. B. H. CunnineTon, Devizes ;
Whilst Old Deeds connected with Wiltshire families -
or places, Modern Pamphlets, Articles, Portraits, —
Illustrations from recent Magazines, or Papers
bearing in any way on the County, and Sale
Particulars of Wiltshire Properties, as weli as
local Parish Magazines,
will be most gratefully received for the Library by the Ruy.
K. H, Gopparp, Clyffe Vicarage, Swindon, Hon. Librarian.
C. H. WOODWARD, PRINTER, DEVIZES,
|
—— ‘
4
Hing
ide
ey aN)
GB Ve
“i
eae
eG am:
‘
j
THOT ees
oii
Mal
ene
ifs
a
an
Sty
sat P
Noa S,
if}
eee
ai iit
= ate ae
+
a i, Pe Cae a nk
sok
ar arte Ain ee ee:
error
Ce Gh Me Fes
iG
“*
Fy See
ae
orl
tf
?
2
iyty
’ 3
iptsisrte
pitts
PA a tee es
mt
+
f
iesteeys
fefs
Hie: :
Sek,
Wie ser:
eee
- Pre Evy
Live Music Archive
Librivox Free Audio
Metropolitan Museum
Cleveland Museum of Art
Internet Arcade
Console Living Room
Books to Borrow
Open Library
TV News
Understanding 9/11