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, Via
f
l^atbaib College Eibratg
Bought with
Money received fron
Library Fines
3 2044 097 006 985 •-
WOJtK AXU I'LAV WITH
NUMBKliS
GINN AND COMPANY
BOSTON NEW YORK ■ CHItAOO LONDON
f d^ r T
I \
\Z-/^^
COPYRIGHT, 1912, BY GEORGE WENTWORTH
AND DAVID EUGENE SMITH
ENTERED AT STATIONERS^ HALL
ALL RIGHTS RBSBRYED
512.9
GINN AND COMPANY • PRO-
PRIETORS • BOSTON • U.S.A.
PREFACE
It has been recognized ever since the days of Pestalozzi
that children when they first enter school have a taste for
number work and also a considerable knowledge of numer-
ical forms. They use numbers in their games, they talk
about them, they like to count, and they enjoy a little
work and play with numbers within their mental grasp.
On the other hand, children of this age are not ready
for such a study of arithmetic as the formal textbook
offers. A textbook of that kind would take away their
love for number and would place upon them a burden
heavier than they could carry.
Not to begin the study of the subject when the child
enters school, however, is to say that the child's natuiul
tastes should not be fostered. What we need is to intro-
duce, in an informal and attractive fashion, such number
work as is within his grasp at this time.
Experience shows that children can easily learn the
combinations in addition, and part of those in multipli-
cation, before taking up a formal study of the subject ; in
other words, they can cover the work included in this
little book. Since the entire multiplication table is some-
times required, it is given at the end of the book, to be
developed in the usual manner if necessary.
3
4 PREFACE
To meet the need which the experience of teachers has
justified, the authors have set forth, informally and in
simple language, the number facts that should be mastered.
They have not attempted to prepare a textbook of the
conventional type, nor yet a mere book of devices to im-
pose upon the teacher certain methods that she cannot
profitably use. They have sought to offer to the schools a
book that shall serve as a guide and helper both to the
teacher and to the pupil, one that shall save labor, furnish
a list of reading exercises, and suggest a basis for some-
what informal work with beginners.
It will be observed that the type has been selected with
greatest care. A child at this time needs to train the eye
to see number relations, and that he may do this without
undue visual exertion, a large and heavy type is used. He
also needs to write numbers, and when asked to do this
the numbers have been put in script. He also needs to
read the ordinary printed numerals, and when these
appear in sentences they are in the usual printed form.
In this way, with a minimum of eye strain, he accom-
plishes the important results mentioned.
The authors desire to express their appreciation of the
artistic work of Miss Hope Dunlap, whose illustrations
will, they feel sure, bring delight to thousands of children.
GEORGE WENTWORTH
DAVID EUGENE SMITH
CONTENTS
CHAPTER PAGE
I. NUMBER WORK TO 10. COUNTING TO 100 7
11. ADDITION TABLE COMPLETED 30
III. PRACTICE ON THE ADDITION TABLE 73
IV. NUMBERS TO 1000. MULTIPLICATION Ill
WORK AND PLAY WITH
NUMBERS
CHAPTER I
NUMBER WORK TO 10. COUNTING TO 100
Hickory, dickory, dock,
The mouse ran up the clock,
The clock struck one,
And down he ran.
Hickory, dickory, dock.
1 one • / o-^n/O
The clock struck one.
I see one clock.
I see one
I see one if and one ^
I write one like this: /.
To get a pail of water.
Jack fell down and broke his crown,
And Jill came tumbling after.
2 two • Jl tuMS-
I see two ^^^1^^
Jack and Jill have one
TWO 9
One and one are two. 1
1+1=2 ±1
2
Two hands hold the W
One ■# and one ^ are two <fl' -^
Two less one is one. 2
2-1=1 zl
Two less two is none.
2-2=0
Wrilc :
/+/-J. I-I-O l+O-l
2-1=1 2-2=0 2+0=2
10
Yes sir, master, three bags full.
3 three j S tAAA^
I see three C3&(f^
I see three '^'^'^
(3& ^'^'^ (^ '^'•e c5 &(i
•^^ and ^ are ^^i^
I see one tree. I see two trees.
THREE 11
One Jf^ and one A are two ^ ^
One and one and one ii are
three O O O
Read :
m
Two and one are three.
One and two are three.
Three less one is two.
Three less two is one.
Three less none is three.
Write :
/ J 2 3 3 3
+ / +^ +/ -/ -2 -3
2 3 3 2/0
/ + /=^ 3-1=2 3 + = 3
2+1=3 3-3=0 2-0=2
1+2=3 3-2=/ 3-0=3
12 FOUR
Two legs
sat upon
three legs,
With one leg
in his lap.
In comes four legs
And runs away with one leg.
Up jumps two legs,
Catches up three legs.
Throws it after four legs.
And makes him bring back one leg.
4 four II ^ loAAA^
%MMk ^^^ 4^ ai*e
% and #^^ are %oO%
FOUR 13
Read :
Two and two are four.
Three and one are four.
One and three are four.
Four less three is one.
Four less two is two.
Four less one is three.
Two legs and two legs are four legs.
Four is one more than three.
Write :
/ 3 2^^^'
+ J +/ +2 -3 -2 --/
i^ i^ i/^ / 2 3
2+2 = ^ ^-2=2 ¥-^-0
This little pig stayed at home;
This little pig had roast heef;
This little pig had none ;
This little pig said, "Wee, wee!
I can't find my way home."
five
S ila)-
FIVE
15
^ and
are
I see that
are
and
Read :
Four and one are five.
One and four are five.
Three and two are five.
Two and three are five.
Write :
1
^
3
2
S
+^
+ /
+2
+ J
+
s
s
S
S
s
s
s
S
s
s
-^
- /
-2
-3
-s
I
^
3
2
Read:
Five and one are six.
One and five are six.
Four and two are six.
•••• and 9« are ••••••
SIX
17
I see that dol and
-! mm*
are
We see that
are
and
\
are
We see that A and A AAA A
Bead :
6 + = 6
4 +
2
= 6
2 + 4 = 6
5+1=6
• 3 +
3 =
= 6
1+5 = 6
Write :
1 2
3
^
S b
+ J" +^
+ 3
^2
+ / +0
b b
b
b
b b
b b
b
b
b b
- 1 -2
-3
-^
-S -b
s
^
3
2
I
18
I met a group of seven wives;
Each wife had seven sacks,
Each sack held seven cats,
Each cat had seven kits.
Kits, cats, sacks, and wives.
How many were going to St. Ives ?
7 seven ••• 7 AyeyiMyrv
• m
I see .jmm3^.0B> '^MWl^m^^
I see
SEVEN
'19
I see ^ ^P ^^^^^
I see ^^^|(
Read :
6 cats and 1 cat are 7 cats.
5 sacks and 2 sacks are 7 sacks.
Four and three are seven.
6+1=7
1+6=7
5 + 2=7
2 + 6=7
4 + 3=7
3 + 4=7
Write :
6
s 4- 3 :i
I
S ij^ 3 2
I
+ / +»2 +3 +^ +S +S +7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
y
7
7
7
7
-/
-2
-3
-^
-s
-6
-7
irfiTTLE Bo-Peep has lost her sheep
And can't tell where to find them;
Leave them alone, and they will come
home
And bring their tails behind them.
8 eight :: <r
I see^'^^^^'^-^^
7 sheep and 1 sheep are 8 sheep.
I see that ^ '^ "^ '^
and ^^'O'-^
are '^ ^ -^ -Q"-^ -^ ^ ^
EIGHT 21
I see that ^<tt%|L and are
I see that <I^<###S^ and
are ®<i^<#,^^#{^^
Read :
7 sheep and 1 sheep are 8 sheep.
6 trees and 2 trees are 8 trees.
5 boys and 3 boys are 8 boys.
4 girls and 4 girls are 8 girls.
Write :
/ 2 3 iJ^ S b 1 S'
+ 7 +b +S +4^ +3 +2 +/ +0
S'S'S'S'S'S'S'S'
<r 8' 8" S' 8' S' S' S'
-/ -2 -3 -^ -S -b -7 -8
7 b S ^ 3 2 I
8'+0 = 8' + 8'=8 8-0 = 8
There was an old woman
who lived in a shoe;
She had so many children
she didn't know what to do.
She gave them some broth
without any bread,
And whipped them all soundly
and sent them to bed.
• •
9 nine J»J ^ Tuyivey
• •
I see m^^^^^^f^^
I see ,
NINE 23
8 shoes and 1 shoe are 9 shoes.
7 toes and 2 toes are 9 toes.
6 boys and 3 boys are 9 boys.
5 girls and 4 girls are 9 girls.
Read :
8 and 1 are 9. 8 + 1 = 9
7 and 2 are 9. 7 + 2 = 9
6 and 3 are 9. 6 + 3 = 9
5 and 4 are 9. 5 + 4 = 9
Write :
8' 1 b S ^ 3 2 I
+ / +^ +3 +^ +6' +6 +7 +r
«
cjcjqqqcjcjcj
cj c] . cj cj cj q q a
-/ -^ -3 -^ -S -b -7 -(T
S' 7 b S ^ 3 Jl /
24
TEN
10 ten
/O Uytv
I see ^ <§^^^^tli^t3S^^®
I see that ^^^'^^e^ 4^^
and
are ^^^^^^^
Read:
9 and 1 are 10.
8 and 2 are 10.
7 and 3 are 10.
6 and 4 are 10.
9 + 1
8 + 2
7 + 3
6 + 4
10
10
10
10
Write :
+ / +2 +3 +4^ +S ^b +7 +r
/O 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
«^<^
COUNTING
0+ 1=11
0+ 2=12
0+ 3=13
0+ 4=14
0+ 5=16
0+ 6=16
0+ 7=17
0+ 8=18
0+ 9=19
Eleven
Twelve
Thirteen
Fourteen
Fifteen
Sixteen
Seventeen
Eighteen
Nineteen
+ 1 = 20 Twenty
Mead :
12
18
10
15
14
19
16
17
11
13
Write :
10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
-I -2 -3 -^ -s -6 -7 -^
^ r 7
h
S ^ 3 2
26
COUNTING
2 tens = 20 Twenty
3 tens = 30 Thirty
4 tens = 40
5 tens = 50
6 tens = 60
7 tens= 70
8 tens= 80
9 tens = 90
10 tens = 100
Forty
Fifty
Sixty
Seventy
Eighty
Ninety
One hundred
Read:
7
20
70
18
Write :
30
15
80
16
13
9
8
11
40
12
30
14
90
17
19
60
100
^0 loApUy
COUNTING 27
20+1 =21 Twenty-one
20 + 2 = 22 Twenty-two
20 + 3 = 23 20+ 7 = 27
20 + 4 = 24 20+ 8 = 28
20 + 5 = 25 20+ 9 = 29
20 + 6 = 26 20 + 10 = 30
30 + 1 = 3 1 Thirty-one
40 + 3 = 43 Forty-three
Read :
11 12 15 17 19
21 22 25 27 29
31 32 36 38 39
41 42 43 44 47
51 52 55 57 58
61 62 60 66 67
71 72 73 75 77
81 82 80 88 86
91 92 95 97 99
28
COUNTING
Read :
20
10
6
9
17
31
90
30
42
60
63
80
54
75
40
50
86
62
70
92
55
88
98
77
99
56
89
74
79
100
Write :
30-^2-32
i^O-^S'=^S'
Wrif/i :
20 + 6 =
70+s=
20+7 =
so+s=
30 + S=
S'0+2 =
30+2 =
8'0+h =
70 + S'=
so+7 =
^0 + 3 =
qo + q=
^0 + ^=
6o+7 =
COUNTING 29
Read :
I saw 30 trees.
We saw 42 cars.
We saw 14 birds.
Mary has 20 books.
The boy has 12 apples.
The man has 25 horses.
Read :
17 23 41 19 36
52 82 18 43 68
87 60 29 70 54
Write :
30+q= ^o+s= 6o+^=
70+/= 6o + (^= 70+7=
8'0 + h= 30+2= S0 + ^=
qO+S= 20 + (]= 30+6 =
30
ADDING 1
Read:
1 and 1 are
2 and 1 are
3 and 1 are
4 and 1 are
5 and 1 are
6 and 1 are
7 and 1 are
8 and 1 are
9 and 1 are
and 1 are
5 balls and 1 ball are — balls.
7 books and 1 book are — books.
6 books and 1 book are — books.
Add :
1 8
11111
1
1 1 1
Write :
S'+/ =
i) + / =
+ / =
2 + / =
7 + / =
/ + / =
/+7 =
/ + 3 =
/ + 6 =
1 + =
J^2 =
SUBTRACTING 1 31
Read :
1 and — are 2 5 and — are 6
2 and — are 3 6 and — are 7
3 and — are 4 7 and — are 8
4 and — are 5 8 and — are 9
5 men - 1 man = — men.
There were 7 birds in the tree.
One flew away. There were — birds
left in the tree.
Read and learn :
1-1=0 5-1=4 9-1=8
2-1=1 6-1=5 10-1=9
3-1=2 7-1=6 1-0=1
4-1=3 8-1=7 2-0=2
Write :
-/ -/ -I -/ -/ -/ -/ -/
32 ADDING AND SUBTRACTING 2
2 books and 2 books are — books.
3 apples and 2 apples are — apples.
4 hats and — hats are 6 hats.
7 birds and — birds are 9 birds.
Read and learn :
+ 2 = 2 3 + 2 = 5 6 + 2= 8
1 +2 = 3 4 + 2 = 6 7 + 2= 9
2+2=4 5+2=7 8+2=10
2-2 = 5-2 = 3 8-2= 6
3-2=1 6-2 = 4 9-2= 7
4-2=2 7-2=5 10-2= 8
Write :
I 3 S 2 1 ^ b
+2 +2 +2 +2 +2 +2 +2 +2
7^i)2S3^(]
o^ oO' oO' C'O' oO' oCy e^O* oC^
ADDING AND SUBTRACTING 3 33
1 apple and 3 apples are — apples.
3 books and 3 books are — books.
6 desks and — desks are 9 desks.
4 boats and — boats are 7 boats.
Read and learn :
+ 3 = 3 3 + 3 = 6 6 + 3= 9
1+3=4 4+3=7 7+3=10
2 + 3 = 5 5 + 3 = 8 3 + 0=. 3
3-3 = 6-3 = 3 9-3= 6
4-3=1 7-3=4 10-3= 7
5-3 = 2 8-3 = 5 3-0= 3
Wi'ite :
^ ■ / S 3 2 b T
+S +S +S +J +s +s +s +s
-3 -3 -3 -3 -3 -3 -3 -3
34 ADDING AND SUBTRACTING 4
5 apples and 4 apples are — apples.
4 boys and — boys are 8 boys.
asA &.a^
Kate had 7 roses. She gave Kuth 3
roses. How many roses were left ?
Read and learn:
1+4 = 5 3 + 4 = 7 5 + 4= 9
2+4=6 4+4=8 6+4=10
5-4=1 7-4 = 3 9-4= 5
6-4 = 2 8-4 = 4 10-4= 6
Wriie :
S 2 3 / ^ ^ ^ ^
+4^ +1^ +4^ +4^ +4^ +0 +/ +2
-4^ -I/. -I/. -4 -4^ -£/: -0 -i^
ADDING AND SUBTRACTING 5 35
How much is 9 less 5?
I have 7 apples and I give away 5
apples. How many apples are left?
From 6 books I take away 5 books.
How many books are left?
Read and learn:
+ 5 = 6 2 + 5 = 7 4 + 5= 9
1+5=6 3+5=8 5+5=10
5-5 = 7-6 = 2 9-6= 4
6-5=1 8-6 = 3 10-6= 6
Write :
S 2 3 S S ^ I S
+2 +S +S +3 +^ +S +6' +0
-S -S -S -S -S -0 -S -0
36 ADDING AND SUBTRACTING 6
3 fish and 6 fish are — fish.
2 cows and 6 cows are — cows.
3 sheep and — sheep are 9 sheep.
4 boys and — boys are 10 boys.
A man had 8 horses. He sold 6
horses. How many horses were left?
Read and learn :
1+6 = 7 4 + 6 = 10 8-6 = 2
2 + 6 = 8 + 6= 6 9-6 = 3
3 + 6 = 9 7-6= 1 6-6 =
Write :
3 / 2 6 i) i) 6
+6 +6 +6 +6 +/ +J +Jl +0
(/Ss'76666
-S -6 -S -s -2 -3 -^
ADDING AND SUBTRACTING 7 37
I see 7 desks.
7 desks and 2 desks are — desks.
20 and 7 are how many?
40 and 7 are how many ?
30 birds and 7 birds are — birds.
50 men and — men are 57 men.
Read and learn :
0+7=7 3+7=10 8-7=1
1+7=8 7+0= 7 9-7=2
2+7=9 7-7= 10-7=3
Write :
/ Jl 3 7 7 7 7
+ 7 +7 +7 +7 +0 +/ +J2 +3
S' q 7 7 7 7 10 JO
7 -7 -7 -0 -2 -s -7 -3
38 ADDING AND SUBTRACTING 8
1 cup and 8 cups are — cups.
8 men and 1 man are — men.
1 rose and — roses are 9 roses.
10 roses and — roses are 18 roses.
2 girls and 8 girls are — girls.
From 9 eggs a man took away 8
eggs. There was left — egg.
Read and learn:
0+8=8 2+8=10 9-8=1
1 +8 = 9 8 + 0= 8 8-8 =
Write :
/ S' S" S" c] s" 10
+S' +/ +0 +(r -r -(T -0 -(f
CHAPTER 11
ADDITION TABLE COMPLETED
We may count these dolls by 2'8.
2 4 6 8 10
We can count fast by 2's.
Let us count the girls by 2'8.
Write :
II -11 II- II II II ■ II II II II ■ II II II II II
jz ^ i <r /o
40 COUNTING BY 2'S
Count by 2'8 from 2 to 20.
Read :
2 4 6 8 10
12 14 16 18 20
It is easy to count by 2's to 30,
Read :
2 4 6 8 10
12 14 16 f8 20
22 24 26 28 30
Count by 2's from 2 to 50.
Write :
2 ^ 6 S' /o
J 2 /^ lb IS" 20
22 2/^ 2b 28- 30
32 3^ 3 b 3S' ^0
442 ^^ ^b ^S' SO
COUNTING BY 2'S 41
Count by 2's from 2 to 10.
Count by 2's from 2 to 20.
Count by 2's from 2 to 30.
How many are 2 and 2 and 2?
Read :
2 4 6 8 10
12 14 16 18 20
22 24 26 28 30
32 34 36 38 40
42 44 46 48 60
Count by 2's from 50 to 60.
Write :
S2 S^ Sb SS' bo
b2 b^ bb bS' JO
72 7^ 7 b 7^ S'O
(O 8'iA 8'b S'8' qO
q2 q^ qb q^ JOO
42 COUNTING BY 5'S
<g^ ^ (^ ^ «^
I see 5 cherries in 1 bunch.
I see 10 cherries in 2 bunches.
I see 15 cherries in 3 bunches.
I see 20 cherries in 4 bunches.
Let us count by 5's to 25.
10 15 20 25
Let us count by 5's to 35.
Write :
S+S=/0 /0 + S= /0+ = /s
/S+S=JZO J20 + S= /S+ =20
2S+S=30 30 + S= 20+ =2S
3S+S=^0 ^0+S= 30+ =3S
46'+S=S0 S0+S= ^0+ =^
COUNTING BY 5'S
43
Here are 5 cakes.
There are 5 candles on each cake.
On 2 cakes there are 10 candles.
On 3 cakes there are 15 candles.
30
35
40
45
50
Count by 5's from 50 to 75.
Write :
2S^S=30
SO + S=
7S+S
30 + S=3S
SS+S=
^0 + S
3S+S=^0
i)0 + S=
^s+s
^0 + S=^^
i)S+S=
qo+s
¥S+S-SO
70 + S=
qs+s
MKASIIRES
The chair is 4 feet
high.
My school desk is
more than 2 feet long.
Kate is 3 feet tall.
Rob is 4 feet tall.
Can yon draw a line
1 foot long?
w
■ill' :
H
feet + 4
feet
are —
feet.
.5
feet + 3
feet
are —
feet.
7
feet + 1
foot
are —
feet.
fi
feet and
— feet are
8 feet.
4
feet and
— feet are
7 feet.
A(
Id:
6 feet
5
feet
3 feet
3 feet
2
feet
3 feet
MEASURES 4'i
The book is more
than 7 inches long.
It is more than 5
inches wide.
There are 12 inches
in 1 foot.
10 inches and 2 inches are 12
inches.
12 inches = 1 foot
This line is one inch long.
Wriie :
12 inches = 1 foot.
2 inches + 10 inches = 12 inches.
11 inches +1 inch -12 inches.
1 inch + 11 inches = 12 inches.
12 inches + inch = 12 inches.
2 pints equal 1 quart.
2 pints of oil make 1 quart of oil.
1 pint of milk and 1 pint of milk
make 1 quart of milk.
We buy milk by the —
We sell cream by the —
Write :
2 pints equal 1 quart.
2 pints and 2 pints are — pints.
5 quarts and 4 quarts are — quarts.
MEASURES ' 47
Read:
4 pints and 3 pints are — pints.
5 pints and 2 pints are — pints.
6 pints and 1 pint are — pints.
7 quarts and — quarts are 9 quarts.
3 quarts and — quarts are 8 quarts.
5 quarts and — quarts are 15 quarts.
2 pints = 1 quart
Write :
7 pints
7 pints
5 pints
+ 2 pints
- 2 pints
+ 2 pints
6 quarts 6 quarts 4 quarts
+ 2 quarts - 2 quarts + 2 quarts
3 pints 7 pints 5 pints
+ 6 pints + 2 pints + 4 pints
48 ADDING 2
Rectd and learn :
1 +2 = 3 5 + 2= 7 9 + 2 = 11
2+2=4 6+2= 8 10+2=12
3+2=5 7+2= 9 2+0= 2
4+2=6 8+2=10 0+2= 2
Helen has 3 dolls. Her aunt gives
her 2 more. Helen then has — dolls.
Emily has 5 roses and picks 2 more.
She then has — roses.
Fred has 7 fish. He catches 2 more.
He then has — fish.
3 quarts + 2 quarts are — quarts.
Write and add :
4 3 I i) S S' 7 (^
C><y 0"0' OO' OO* OO' OO' t>C^ oC^
SUBTRACTING 2 49
Read and learn :
3-2=1 7-2 = 5 11 -2= 9
4-2=2 8-2=6 12-2=10
5-2 = 3 9-2 = 7 2-2=
6-2 = 4 10-2 = 8 2-0= 2
A man had 3 quarts of milk. He
sold 2 quarts. How many quarts had
he left?
John had 12 fish. He lost 2 of
them. How many fish had he left ?
How much is 11-2? 10-2?
9 quarts - 2 quarts are — quarts ?
Write :
-2 -2 -2 -2 -2 -2 -2 -2
How many girls are 3 girls and 2
girls ? 2 girls and 3 girls ?
How many girls are 1 girl and 3
girls ? 3 girls and 1 girl ?
Read and learn :
1+3 = 4
5 + 3= 8
9+3=12
2 + 3 = 5
6 + 3= 9
10 + 3 = 13
3 + 3 = 6
7+3=10
3 + 0= 3
4 + 3 = 7
8 + 3 = 11
+ 3= 3
Write and mU
S 3
J
■ 6 4^
(j 2 ^
3 3
3
3 3
3 3 3
SUBTRACTING :
How many roses are
7 roses and 3 roses?
How many roses are
10 roses less 3 roses?
How many are 4 + 3?
How many are 7-3?
How many are 7-4?
Read and learn:
3-3 =
7-3 = 4
11-3= 8
4-3=1
8-3 = 5
12-3= 9
5-3 = 2
9-3 = 6
13-3=10
6-3 = 3
10-3=7
14-3=11
Write:
s- ^
7
y 3
l> S II
-3 -3
-3
^3 -3
-J -3 -3
11 + 3= 12-2= q-i-
How many are 1 and 4 ? 2 and 4 ?
Read and ham :
1-h4 = 5
5 + 4= 9
9+4=13
2 + 4 = 6
6+4=10
10+4=14
3 + 4 = 7
7+4=11
4 + 0= 4
4 + 4 = 8
8+4=12
+ 4= 4
Write and add
3 2
7
4^ /
^ J-
44 44
'^
4^ if
4^ 4^
SUBTRACTING 4 53
How many horses are 6 horses and
4 horses?
How many horses are 10 horses less
4 horses?
How many books are 3 books and
4 books?
How many books are 7 books less
4 books ? 7 books less 3 books ?
Read and learn :
4-4=0 8-4=4 12-4= 8
5-4=1 9-4=5 13-4= 9
6-4=2 10-4=6 14-4=10
7-4=3 11-4=7 15-4=11
Write :
7 S S' (^ i) // /2 ^
nr" nr" ^~ ^~ "~~ ^~ nr" ^T" w"
54 ADDING 5
How many leaves are 4 leaves and
5 leaves ?
How many leaves are 5 leaves and
4 leaves ? 3 leaves and 5 leaves ?
How many are 6 and 5 ?
How many are 7 and 5?
Read and learn :
1+5=6 5+5=10 9+5=14
2 + 5 = 7 6 + 5 = 11 10 + 5 = 15
3+5=8 7+5=12 5+0= 5
4+5=9 8+5=13 . 0+5= 5
Write and add:
ssssssss
SUBTRACTING 5
How many leaves are 6 leaves and
5 leaves?
How many leaves are 11 leaves
less 5 leaves ?
How many boys are 10 boys less
5 boys? 12 boys less 5 boys?
Read and lean.
5-5 =
9-5 = 4
13-5= 8
6-5=1
10-5=5
14-5= 9
7-5 = 2
11 -5=6
15-5=10
8-5 = 3
12-5=7
16-5=11
Wrile:
/3 /^
/s
7 ^
/O $■ L
-s -s ■
-s
-s -s
-s -s -s
56 ADDING 6
Add 3 boys and 6 boys.
Add 4 quarts and 6 quarts.
Add 5 books and 6 books.
Add 6 fish and 6 fish.
Add 7 men and 6 men.
Add 8 marbles and 6 marbles.
Read and Uarn :
1 +6= 7 5 + 6 = 11 9 + 6 = 15
2 + 6= 8 6 + 6 = 12 10 + 6 = 16
3 + 6= 9 7 + 6 = 13 6 + 0= 6
4 + 6 = 10 8 + 6 = 14 + 6= 6
Write and add :
6 b b h b b b
b+6'= b+^= b+ b =
b+7= b+q= b+/0=
SUBTRACTING 6 57
^0%ff Biii
6 and 4 are how many ?
6 from 10 are how many ?
4 from 10 are how many?
10 from 10 are how many?
Read and ham :
6-6=0 10-6=4 14-6= 8
7-6=1 11-6=5 15-6= 9
8-6=2 12-6=6 16-6=10
9-6=3 13-6=7 17-6=11
Write :
JO S' q 13 12 1^ IS //
-V - i) -b —b —b —b -b -b
11-3= /l-S= ll-b=
/3-S= /3-^= /3-b =
58
ADDING 7
Add 3 birds and 7 birds.
Add 7 birds and 3 birds.
How many are 5 birds and 7 birds ?
Add 6 and 7. Add 7 and 6.
Read and learn :
1+7= 8
5+7=12
2+7= 9 6+7=13
3+7=10
4+7=11
7+7=14
8+7=15
9+7=16
10+7=17
7+0= 7
+ 7= 7
Write and add:
1 S 3 2
8' q
^
7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7
7^S'=
7 + ^=
7^/0
SUBTRACTING 7 69
How many are 4 and 7?
How many are 11-7?
How many are 7 and 7?
How many are 14-7?
How many are 8 and 7?
How many pencils are 15 pencils
less 7 pencils?
Read and learn :
7-7 = 11 -7 = 4 15-7= 8
8-7=1 12-7=5 16-7= 9
9-7=2 13-7=6 17-7=10
10-7=3 14-7=7 18-7=11
Write :
q 7 /o /^ // IS s' 13
-7 -7 -7 -7 -7 -7 -7 -7
/6-7= /^-7= //-7 =
60 ADDING 8
How many are 1 and 8?
How many are 2 and 8?
How many desks are 5 desks and
8 desks?
How many girls are 1 girl and 1
girl and 8 girls?
How many are 8 and 8 ? 9 and 8 ?
Read and learn :
1+8= 9 5 + 8 = 13 9 + 8=17
2+8=10 6+8=14 10+8=18
3+8=11 7+8=15 8+0= 8
4+8=12 8+8=16 0+8= 8
Write and add:
(^ 2 8' 3 I 6 ^ S
S'S'S'S'S'S'S'S'
S'+7= S'+i)= S' + S=
SUBTRACTING 8 61
How many are 4 and 8?
How many blocks are 12 blocks less
8 blocks?
How many marbles are 3 marbles
and 8 marbles?
How many marbles are 11 marbles
less 8 marbles?
Read and ham:
8-8=0 12-8=4 16-8= 8
9-8=1 13-8=5 17-8= 9
10-8=2 14-8=6 18-8=10
11-8 = 3 15-8 = 7 19-8 = 11
Write :
// IS 12 10 /3 /^ // /6
-S- -(f -(f -(T -8' -r -(f -8'
/2-S'= 11-8'= /^-8'=
62 ADDING 9
Add 1 and 9. Add 2 and 9.
Add 3 and 9. Add 4 and 9.
Add 5 books and 9 books.
Add 2 men and 9 men.
Add 3 hats and 9 hats.
Add 4 pencils and 9 pencils.
How many apples are 5 apples and
9 apples?
Add 6 * desks and 9 desks.
Read and learn :
1+9=10 5+9=14 9+9=18
2+9=11 6+9=15 10+9=19
3+9=12 7+9=16 9+0= 9
4+9=13 8+9=17 0+9= 9
Write and add:
3 b q 2 ^ ^ 7 S
aaaqaqqa
SUBTRACTING 9 63
Here are 2 men and
9 men.
2 men and 9 men are
how many men?
From 11 men take 9 men.
How many chairs are 3 chairs and
9 chairs?
How many chairs are 12 chairs less
9 chairs?
Read ami ham:
9-9 =
13-9=4
17-9= 8
10-9=1
14-9=5
18-9= 9
11-9=2
15-9=6
19-9=10
12-9=3
16-9=7
20-9 = 11
Write :
10 12
lb
/y //
IS
13 /<r
zl ~A
zl
-± -±
zl
zl zl.
64 ADDING AND SUBTRACTING 10
How many pears are 5 pears and
10 pears?
How many pears are 15 pears less
10 pears? 15 pears less 5 pears?
Read and ham :
1+10=11 5+10=15 9+10=19
2+10=12 6+10=16 10+10=20
3+10=13 7+10=17 10+ 0=10
4+10=14 8+10=18 0+10=10
11-10= 1 15-10= 5 19-10= 9
12-10= 2 16-10= 6 20-10=10
13-10= 3 17-10= 7 21-10 = 11
14-10= 4 18-10= 8 22-10=12
Write :
/0+ 7= /o+ ^= /^+ S'=
/7-/o= /q-/o= is'-/o =
ADDITION 65
Add 2 cubes and 3 cubes.
Add 2 tens and 3 tens.
Add 20 and 30; 30 and 20.
2 cubes 2 tens 20
3 cubes 3 tens 30
5 cubes 5 tens 50
Add 20 and 40; 20 and 60.
Write and add:
/O 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
/o 20 ^0 30 SO 70 s'o qo
JIO 20 20 20 30 30 30 30
/O ^0 bo SO 10 30 20 SO
^0 ^0 SO SO bo 70 S'O CjO
20 30 20 JO 30 20 JO JO
66 ADDITION
Add 10 boys and 4 boys.
Add 20 books and 4 books.
Add 30 chairs and 4 chairs.
Read:
40 10 20 30 60 70 60
+ 2 +4 +5 +3 +7 '+8 +9
42 14 25 33 67 78 59
Write and add:
10 20 30 bo ^0 cjO 70 S'O
12S'Cjbi^38'
qO 70 20 30 bo 10 20 ^0
32S'7bcji^3
bo 20 S'O 30 20 ^0 SO JO
10 30 10 SO bo 20 30 20
ADDITION 67
Add 2 and 3. Add 12 and 3.
Add 4 and 2. Add 24 and 2.
Add 3 and 5. Add 43 and 5.
Read. :
12 22 4 24 3 43
+ 3 +3 +3 +2 +2 +5 +5
15 26 6 26 8 48
Write and add:
3 13 23 33 b J h 2h Sh
i^ i^ i^ i^ 2 2 2 2
S JS 3S 7S 7 // 4^7 ^7
3 3 3 3/ ///
2
J2
U2
O
3
13
13
b3
S
S
S
S
h
6
b
b
68 ADDITION
Add 3 and 5.
Add 20 and
See how we
10.
add 23
and
15. ■
23
^-15
38
I see that 23 and 15 are
38.
Read :
12 21
3C
1
22
34
52
61
+11 +12
+ 29
1 +
32 +
41
+ 27
+ 14
23 33
59
)
54
75
79
75
Write and add:
=22 3/
12
IS
6/
^1
3b
S/
/ / 3/
IS
22
33
2/
22
30
J3 21
3b
^1
13
33
^1
bif
13 20
^/
6^
12
^b
^/
20
/S 2S
3S
442
^/
32
S2
bl
33 33
23
S/
32
^/
^1
2S'
SUBTRACTION
1
How much is 7 - 4 ?
57
How much is 5 - ?
-4
69
How much is 57 - 4 ? ^3
I see that 57 less 4 is 53.
Read :
4 34 54 84 7 27 97
-2 -2 ^ ^ 3^ 2i zl
2 32 52 82 3 23 93
Write :
■ S" IS' ^S" bS' ^ /^ J^ ^^
-jT -S -S -S -3 -3 -3 -3
7 /7 37 S7 6 /6 s6 q6
-s -s -s ~s -/ -/ -/ -/
q iq hq s'q s is' jt s'S'
b -6 -6 -6 -7 -7 -7 -7
70 SUBTRACTION
How much is 8 - 5 ? 3q
How much is 30 - 10 ? -15
See how we take 15 from 38. 23
I see that 38 less 15 is 23.
Read :
22 34 47 58 62 79 83
-11 -12 -26 -35 -21 -38 -20
11 22 21 23 41 41 63
Write :
37 442 S'/ hS' Cj3 ^S' 2(?
-12 -3/ -SO -^2 -31 -2/^ -/6
2q 3h ^s' 72 q^ S'2 77
-12 -/^ -21 -20 -33 -^0 -32
i/^S'-2h = 7S'-2b = 7^-20 =
37-21= 67-32= ^q-^6=
ADDITION 71
Add 1 + 1 + 1.
Add 2 + 3. Add 2 + 3 + 1.
Add 3 + 5. Add 3 + 5 + 1.
Read :
1114 2 113
13 5 12 4 13
12 3 2 3 4 5 3
Write and add:
2 3 I 3 ^ 2 S 1
2 2 2/1/1/
2 2/ / ^ i^ 2 /
2+ / +2= 3 + ^+/
3+3+2= ^+3+2
4^+/ + /= S+2 +
S+2+/= 6+0+3
72 ADDITION
How luiich is 1 + 1 + 1? 31
How much is 8 + 2 + 1? 21
How much is 80 + 20 + 10 ? H
How much is 31 + 21 + 11 ? ^3
I see that 31 + 21 + 11 = 63.
Write and add:
30 30 32 33 3^ 3^
20 21 22 2/ 22 21
JO 10 10 12 // 12
^1 ¥/ 442 SO SI SI
21 21 23 10 10 10
21 22 22 20 20 2^
bo hi i)3 b3 hU- bS
10 10 10 12 12 12
20 20 20 20 21 22
CHAPTER III
PRACTICE ON THE ADDITION TABLE
If Kob has 9 marbles and John has
10, how many do both have?
Bead and aild:
521638749
111111111
Write and add :
/III
1
1
1
1
1
1 h 2 q
i/
I
3
s-
s
74
ADDING 2
m
M
How many
ships are 3 \
ships
and
2 ships ?
2 ships
and
3 ships?
i
How many
men
are
5 men and 2
men? 8
men
and
2 men?
Write and add:
10
2,3
33
^
1^
S^l^
(T^^
2 2
2
2
2
2
2
2
S IS
3S
bS
6
Ih
n
S'i)
2 2
2
2
2
2
2
2
7 27 S7 qj S" IS' q 3q
2
2
OO' OO' c»^
OO' 0"0'
.^
ADDING 2 75
Count by 2's like this: 2, 4, 6, 8,
10, and so on to 50.
Count by 2's beginning Avith 1, thus :
1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19.
Write the 2's from 2 to 50, like
this: 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and so on.
Write 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, to 51.
Write and add:
32 2h 4^ J 7 S i^ bS S'S
9^ 9^ oC^ cO' o^ cO' oC^ 0O<'
131 1^1 S' 3S' 4^r hS'
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
3 ¥3 S3 q ^c] hc] 7^ s'q
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
76 SUBTRACTING 2
If you have 7 apples and use 2 of
them, how many are left?
If 9 of you stand and then 2 sit,
how many are left standing?
Read :
59263847
-2 -2 -2 -2 -2 -2 -2 -2
Write and miOtract:
cCy oCy o^ cC^ oO' cO' €3^ c*^
6 2i) Si) 3 ^3 q3 q i^q
ctO' oC^ oC^ o^ «>0' oC^ oO' ^^S'
S' 7S' 8'8' /O 20 30 ^0 SO
oO' OO/ oO' (TO' 00^ oo/ oo/ oOr
SUBTRACTING 2
If 10 boats
start out but 2
turn back, how
many go on ?
If 2 more
turn back, how many go on ?
How many are 8 + 2? 10-2?
10 20 30 40 60 90 70 50
Write :
3 13 2 h2 II 2.1 SI f/
78 ADDING 3
Read and add:
5+3= 2+3= 8+3= 11+3=
3+3= 6+3= 7+3= 10+3=
1+3= 4+3= 9+3= 12+3=
Write ami add:
/ // 2/ II 2 12 12 O
3 3
3
3
3
13
3
3
S
IS
3
3
1
n
3
.3
^
iq
3
3
3
3
^3
S'3
3
3
1^
S'S
3
3
^7
17
3
3
2q
sq
3
3
3
3
^
1^
3
3
b
lb
3
3
8'
18-
3
3
10
10
3
3
b^
n
3
3
Sb
bb
3
3
2S
18
3
3
sro
qo
3
3
SUBTRACTING 3 79
Read and subtract:
6-3= 9-3= 4-3= 12-3 =
5-3= 3-3= 10-3= 11-3 =
8-3= 7-3= 13-3= 14-3 =
Write mul suhtraH :
3 13 23 33 ^ /^ 3^ 7^
3 3 3 3 3 3
3
3
S
IS
3
3
7
17
3
3
^
1^
3
3
//
2/
3
3
/S J2S 7S 6 /6 3b 8'b
3 3 3 3 3 3
3
3
3
b
lb
3b
3
3
3
If
IS'
SS"
3
3
3
10
20
30
3
3
3
12
22
32
3
3
3
^7 n S' IS' SS' bS'
3 3 3 3 3 3
J^ hq 10 20 30 ^0
3 3 3 3 3
31 ^/ /2 22 32 ^2
3 3 3 3 3 3
Write and add:
12 3
^
S
7
(f
^
3 3 3
3
3
3
3
3
13 lb 2(^ S2 bS SS' hi. S"^
33333333
80 COUNTING BY 3
Count by 3's, beginning Avith 3,
thus: 3, 6, 9, 12, and so on to 21.
Count by 3's, beginning with 1,
thus: 1, 4, 7, 10, and so on to 22. '
Count by 3's, beginning with 2,
thus: 2, 5, 8, 11, and so on to 23.
Read and learn :
3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30
1 4 7 10 13 16 19 22 25 28
2 5 8 11 14 17 20 23 26 29
REVIEW 81
How many boys are 7 boys and 3
boys? 27 boys and 3 boys?
How many girls are 12 girls less
3 girls? 32 girls less 3 girls?
If you have 9 roses and I give yon
3 roses, how many roses will you have ?
How much is 9 + 3 ? 19 + 3 ? 39 + 3 ?
Write and add:
jii 32 73 ss 76 s'7 6q S'o
.33333333
Write and subtract :
10 // 13 lu- IS 17 IS' iq
3333
3
3
10
V
3
3
3
3
h2
7^
3
3
qS 2b ^7 ^(J
3 3 3 3
82 ADDING 4
Read and add:
3+4= 5+4= 8+4= 14+4=
4+4= 6+4= 10+4= 17+4=
1+4= 7+4= 11+4= 16+4=
2+4= 9+4= 12+4= 13+4=
Write and add:
I / 1 21 2 12 32 3 13
^T" ^^ rr" w^ ^r" ^^ w^ w~
4^/4^ 3^ (^^ s IS hs s:s
lb 26 7 17 37 S' IS' 2s:
q /^ »2^ 3q 10 20 70 cjO
I/. £^ l^ l^ l^ l^ l^ ll.
SUBTRACTING 4 83
Read and subtract:
5-4= 6-4= 12-4= 20-4=
9-4= 10-4= 22-4= 24-4=
7-4= 11-4= 13-4= 27-4=
8-4= 21-4= 23-4= 26-4=
Write and subtract :
i-f^ i-f~, i-f~. t-f^ i-f^ *-f-. i-f~. t-f^
7 /] ^7 77 S' /^ ss' S'S'
rr* /~ /^ I" 1^ /" /" i"
iq 4^^ 10 20 30 1/ 21 ^/
i-f^ i-f^ i-f^ i-f^ t-f^ i-f^ i-f^ i-f^
12 22 32 U-2 13 23 33 ^3
84 COUNTING BY 4
Count by 4's, beginning with 4,
thus: 4, 8, 12, and so on to 20.
Count by 4's, beginning with 1,
thus: 1, 5, 9, and so on to 17.
Count by 4's, beginning with 2,
thus: 2, 6, 10, and so on to 18.
Write and learn :
^ 8" 12 Jh 20
2M- 2S' 32 3h ^0
I s q 13 n
21 2^ 2q 33 37
2 h 10 1^ IS"
22 2b 30 3^ 38'
3 7 // /s iq
m
23 27 31 3S 3q
REVIEW 85
How many chickens are 16 chickens
and 4 chickens ? 36 and 4 ? 46 and 4 ?
How many inches are 7 inches and
3 inches? 17 and 3? 57 and 3?
If you have 10 pears and eat 2 of
them, how many pears have you left ?
Add 27 and 3; 26 and 4; 29 and
1; 28 and 2; 30 and 0.
Write and add:
21 ^/ 32 13 33 12 ^/ 21
31 20 20 12 22 20 // 30
22 10 12 12 // 30 // 20
Write and subtract:
2^ 33 27 3b 2S' H q2 ^^
/2 // /^ J 2 /^ 12 30 33
86 ADDING 5
Read and add:
4 + 5= 9 + 5= 1+5= 13 + 5 =
3 + 5= 6 + 5= 10 + 5= 16 + 5 =
5 + 5= 7 + 5= 11+5= 17 + 6 =
8 + 5= 2 + 5= 12 + 5= 15 + 5 =
Write and add:
I 1 1 21 2 J2 72 3 13
SSSSSSSS
^ 1^ S IS 2S b 6i? S'l)
7
n
27
^7
8'
18'
38'
S8'
s
s
S
s
S
S
S
S
^
iq
l^Cj
7^
10
bo
S'O
(^0
s
S
S
s
s
S
S
S
SUBTRACTING 5 87
Read and subtract:
7-5= 9-5= 15-5= 19-5=
8-5= 10-5= 14-5= 17-5=
6-5= 11-5= 12-5= 18-5=
6-5= 13-5= 16-5= 20-5=
Write and subtract:
S IS qS b lb ^b 7 //
S S S S S S S S
s' IS' qs- (^ iq jq 10 s'o
s s s s s s s s
II 21 31 S'l 12 22 442 12
S S S S S S S S
13 23 33 ^3 1^ 2U- 3^ 7^
SSSSSSSS
88 COUNTING BY 5
How many fingers have you on one
hand, counting also the thumb ? How
many fingers on both hands?
If you had as many apples as fingers
on one hand, how many apples would
you have?
If you had as many oranges as
fingers on both hands, how many
oranges would you have ?
If there are 5 roses in each bimch,
how many roses are there in 2
bunches ? in 3 bunches ?
Write and add:
S IS 2^ bS JO 20 30 JO
s s s s s s s s
s s s s s s s s
COUNTING BY 5 89
Read, adding 5 to each number :
1 46528937
11 24 36 45 22 18 29 33 17
31 44 26 15 12 38 49 23 37
61 14 56 35 32 78 19 13 77
Count by 5's, beginning with 5, thus :
5, 10, 15, 20, and so on to 50.
Count by 5's, beginning with 1, thus :
1, 6, 11, 16, 21, and so on to 51.
Count by 5's, beginning with 2, thus :
2, 7, 12, 17, 22, and so on to 52.
Count by 5's, beginning with 3, thus :
3, 8, 13, 18, 23, and so on to 48.
Count by 5's, beginning with 4, thus :
4, 9, 14, 19, 24, and so on to 49.
Write the 5's from to 100, thus:
0, 5, 10, 15, and so on.
How many birds are 5 birds and 6
birds? 6 birds and 5 birds?
How many birds are 11 birds less
5 birds ? 11 birds less 6 birds ?
Here are 11 birds, and 6 of them
are in a tree. The rest are flying.'
How many birds are flying?
How many are 6 and 5? 16 and
5? 26 and 5? 76 and 5? -
How many are 6 less 5 ? 26 less
5? 86 less 5? 76 less 5?
How many birds are 9 birds and
7 birds? 7 birds and 9 birds?
How many birds are 16 birds less
7 birds? 16 birds less 9 birds?
If 16 birds were on the brancli
and 7 flew away, how many birds
were left on the branch?
How many are 9 and 7? 19 and
7? 39 and 7? 59 and 7?
How many are 16 less 7? 26 less
7? 36 less 7? 66 less 7?
Write :
92
ADDING 6
J
Read and add:
3 +
6
=
6 + 6 =
^
7 +
6 =
16
+ 6 =
2 +
6
=
5 + 6
=
10 +
6 =
13
+ 6 =
1 +
6
=
8 + 6
=
11 +
6 =
15
+ 6 =
4 +
6
=
9 + 6
=
12 +
6 =
14
+ 6 =
Write and add:
/
7/
2
/2
442
3
13
33
b
b
b
b
b
b
b
b
^
n
S
IS
3S
b
lb
2b
b
b
b
b
b
b
b
b
1
n
^1
11
(T
/r
b^
S'8'
b
b
b
b
b
b
b
b
^
jq
2q
ifq
10
^0
10
qo
b
b
b
b
b
b
b
b
SUBTRACTING 6 93
Read and subtract:
7-6= 11-6= 13-6= 19-6=
6-6= 10-6= 16-6= 21-6=
8-6= 14-6= 15-6= 20-6=
9-6= 12-6= 17-6= 18-6=
Write and si(htrnct :
6 ih 76- 7 /7 n ^ /^
o h 6 6 6 6 6 6
^ /q iq s'q JO 20 70 qo
6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6
//
31
J2
22
S'2
/3
23
63
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
/^
2M
3^
7^
IS
2S
3S
8'S
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
94 ADDING 7
Read and add:
3+7= 7+7= 9+7= 16+7=
5+7= 4+7= 12+7= 13+7=
1+7= 8+7= 11+7= 14+7=
2+7= 6+7= 10+7= 15+7=
Write and add:
J 11 ^1 8'J 2 12 8^2 q2
7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7
3 13 b3 S'3 ^ /^ 7^ m
7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7
s
IS
2S
7^
h
lb
26
7b
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
n
27
r
/<r
28
^
b(j
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
SUBTRACTING 7 95
Read and subtract:
9-7= 13-7= 14-7= 20-7=
7-7= 10-7= 17-7= 22-7=
8-7= 11-7= 16-7= 21-7=
12-7= 15-7= 18-7= 19-7=
Write and subtract :
7 /? 67 8' /s' (?s' q iq
7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7
10 20 30 70 // 2J 3/ ^/
7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7
12 72 /3 23 (73 /^ 2^ i)^
7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7
IS 2S 3S <rS lb 26 3 b 7 b
7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7
96
ADDING 8
Read and add:
6 + 8 =
3 + 8 =
2 + 8 =
11+8 =
8 + 8 =
9 + 8 =
5 + 8 =
13 + 8 =
4 + 8 =
1+8 =
10 + 8 =
15 + 8 =
+ 8 =
7 + 8 =
12 + 8 =
14 + 8 =
Wi'ite
and add:
1
/ II bl 2 12 8'2 3 13
(T 8' 8' S" 8' S' 8 S'
q ICj 2q (T^ 10 bo 80 (^0
8" 8" 8' 8' 8" 8' 8' 8
^
1^
b^
7^
S
IS
7^
\
8'S
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8-
b
8'b
7
n
27
8
18
S8'
8'
8'
8'
8'
^
8
8
1
SUBTRACTING 8 97
Read and svhtract:
9-8= 14-8= 15-8= 23-8=
8-8= 12-8= 17-8= 20-8=
10-8= 13-8= 19-8= 22-8=
11-8= 16-8= 18-8= 21-8=
Write and subtract :
8" /8 6^ q /q sq jo 20
cf (T^^ 8" S' S" 8"
//
21
7/
8/
12
22
82
q2
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
23
13
/^
2.^
3^
IS
2S
SS
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
/6 2b 3h Sb 11 21 31 //
88888888
98
ADDING 9
(% ^^
Head and add:
4 + 9 =
6 + 9 =
2 + 9 =
9 + 9
1+9
7 + 9
5 + 9
8 + 9
3 + 9
Write and add:
^
^
^
/4^
^
^
lb
2b
^
^
1
m
^
^
^
q
b^
S'^
q
q
7
n
q
q
Jiq
7^
q
<7
q
^
s
IS
q
q
^7
cT
q
q
10
^0
q
q
11+9
10 + 9
12 + 9
// 31 2 /:i b2 3 13 73
^
^
7S
8'S
^
^
/^
bs:
q
q
S'O
(jO
q
q
SUBTRACTING 9 99
Read and subtract:
14-9= 9-9= 16-9= 19-9 =
11-9= 15-9= 13-9= 18-9=
12-9= 17-9= 10-9= 20-9=
Write and subtract:
/9 ^(/ 10 20* 30 // 2/ 8' J
a a a a a a
62
^
^
12
22
^
^
IS
2S
^
^
n
^7
^
^
^ ^
SI n
23
73
2U-
qU-
^
^
^
^
lb
2b
bb
8b
^
^
^
^
IS'
28'
78
q8
^
^
^
^
100 ADDING AND SUBTRACTING 10
Read :
0+10= 2+10= 10-10= 13-10 =
5+10= 8+10= 16-10= 17-10=
3+10= 6+10= 18-10= 11-10 =
9+10= 4+10= 12-10= 19-10=
1+10= 10+10= 14-10= 15-10=
7+10= 11 + 10= 20-10= 21-10 =
Write and add:
20 ^0 TO i)0 2S 3b U S'^
/O JO /O 10 JO JO JO JO
442 J7 8'b 3^ S'J 77 S'(? 72
JO JO JO JO JO JO JO JO
Write and subtract :
60 S'O 23 ^ 3q 77 32 Sh
JO JO JO JO JO JO JO JO
REVIEW 101
How many pencils are 2 pencils and
3 pencils and 4 pencils?
How many chairs are 10 chairs less
2 chairs ? less 2 chairs more ?
Write and add:
12 22 32 b^
^2
S3
72
^/
// J 2 /^ 2/
1^
2^
/2
Jb
2 ^ 3 / / 2 3 ^ .
I 2 ^ S b 2 3 3
3 1/112 1/
/ / / 2 / 2 / 2
2/ 3/ /2 3^ 2S 33 /b /J
// 2/ /3 /2 3/ 22 20 30
20 /^ 2/ 2/ 20 // 30 20
/2 20 22 30 /2 // 33 /2
102
THE DOZEN
Here are 12 eggs.
Here are a dozen eggs.
12 eggs are a dozen eggs.
How many eggs are a dozen eggs
less 2 eggs?
How many eggs are a dozen eggs
and 2 eggs?
Write :
1 dozen + 1 -
1 dozen + 2 -
1 dozen + 3 -
1 dozen + 4 -
1 dozen - 1 ■
1 dozen - 2 ■
1 dozen - 3 =
1 dozen - 4 =
THE DOZEN
103
12 apples are 1 dozen apples.
How many apples are 1 dozen apples
less 3 apples?
How many apples are 1 dozen apples
less 6 apples?
Write and learn :
24 are 2 dozen. 48 are 4 dozen.
36 are 3 dozen. 60 are 5 dozen.
Write :
2 dozen + 6 -
3 dozen + 4 -
4 dozen + 2 -
5 dozen + 1 =
2 dozen - 4 ■
3 dozen - 6 ■
4 dozen - 8 =
5 dozen - 1 =
104 GREATER AND LESS
Here are two lines.
The first line is longer
than the second line.
The second line is shorter than the
first line.
Which is your longest finger?
Which is your shortest finger?
Which desk is longer, your desk or
the teacher's desk?
Who is tallest in this class?
Who is shortest in this class?
Who is taller, you or the teacher ?
Who is taller, Elizabeth or Ralph?
Elizabeth or the teacher?
Which is more, a pint or a quart?
Which is shorter, an inch or a
foot? Which is the longer?
GREATER AND LESS 105
Which is more, 10 or a dozen?
Which is less, 6 or 10? 6 or 4?
Which is more, 3 quarts of milk
or 2 quarts of milk?
Which is less, 3 pints or 4 pints?
How much more is 5 than 2?
. How much less is 8 than 10?
How much less is 9 than a dozen?
How much more is 16 oranges than
a dozen oranges?
How many eggs must you add to
20 eggs to make 2 dozen eggs?
How many eggs must you take
from 40 eggs to leave 3 dozen eggs?
If you have 18 inches of ribbon
and I have 2 inches more than you,
how many inches of ribbon have I?
The children are weighmg a book
and some candy.
The book weighs a little less than
a pound.
How many pounds do you weigh?
What do we buy by the pound?
Can you tell me something that
is sold by the ounce?
16 ounces = 1 pound
4 or 5 pencils weigh about 1 ounce.
How many ounces in 1 pound and
4 ounces?
WEIGHT
107
Read :
1 pound =16 ounces.
1 pound and 4 ounces = -
1 pound less 6 ounces = -
1 pound and 10 ounces =
1 pound less 10 ounces =
ounces,
ounces,
ounces,
ounces.
Write :
12
pounds -f
14
pounds =
15
pounds -t
13
pounds =
24
pounds 4
31
pounds =
43
pounds -^
■24
pounds =
36
pounds -
12
pounds =
47
pounds -
25
pounds =
58
pounds -
32
pounds =
68
pounds -
41
pounds =
12
ounces ^
-3 (
Dunces + 20 ounces
Do you know how cloth is measured?
How many feet are there in 1 yard ?
How many inches are there in 1
foot ? in 1 yard ?
Draw a line 1 inch long on the
blackboard.
Draw a line 1 foot long.
Draw a line 1 yard long.
Read and leant :
12 inches = 1 foot
3 feet = 1 yard
Write :
3 feet + 3 feet = — feet.
I find that 2 yards - — feet.
LENGTH 109
Read :
3 feet are equal to — yard.
6 feet are equal to — yards.
1 yard and 1 foot are — feet.
1 yard and 2 feet are — feet.
1 yard less 1 foot is — feet.
1 yard less 2 feet is — foot.
We buy cloth by the yard.
Wirite :
12 inches and 12 inches and 12
inches are — inches.
In 1 foot there are — inches.
In 3 feet there are 12 inches and
1 2 inches and 1 2 inches, or — inches.
In 1 yard there are — inches.
1 yard of cloth is the same as 36
inches of cloth.
110
REVIEW
: :uu
The girl adds 12 and 21.
12 and 21 are how many?
Write and add:
J2/ 442 S/ 23 32 IS hi
3/ 20 2b ¥0 3/^/2 IS
20 n /^ /b 2S 12 J2
10
12 II 21 17
1^
442
S2
b^
3 ¥ 2 10
30
12
2
/
2 2 3 20
3
II
3
2
21 ^0 SO 2
II
1^
30
20
Write and subtract:
qcj
3b 442 bb 72
n
IS
qb
12 21 33 ^0
bl
3¥
3S
n
i
CHAPTER IT
NUMBKES TO 1000. MULTIPLICATION
Here are 4 tens, or 40.
10 tens make 1 hundred.
We write 1 hundred Kke this: 100.
Here are 3 hundreds.
We write 3 hundreds Uke this : 300.
Read:
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
- 112 NUMBERS
WHie in Jigures :
1 hundred. 6 hundred.
5 hundred. 3 hundred.
9 hundred. 7 hundred.
We write 100 + 50 like this: /SO.
We write 100 + 5 like this: /OS'.
Write as single numbers :
/OO + SO 200+ so 300 + ^
/00 + qo 200+70 700 + 6
Read :
250 260 860 930 908
370 570 750 620 806
450 320 480 870 709
Write in figures :
2 hundred 50. 5 hundred 6.
3 hundred 20. 7 hundred 8.
WRITING NUMBERS
113
We write 300 + 40 + 2 like this : J4C2.
Here are shown 342 splints.
Write as single numbers:
JOO + SO + ^
6oo + s'0 + 6
^00 + 30 +^
700 + 60 + ^
soo + 70 + 3
s'oo + qo + s'
Read :
270 560
346
923 408
275 567
481
744 607
375 867
696
527 706
Write in figures :
2 hundred 42.
7
hundred 26.
5 hundred 87.
9
hundred 31.
114 WRITING NUMBERS
The name for 10 hundred is one
thousand.
We write 1 thousand like this: 1000.
In this bundle there
are 10 hundred splints,
or 1000 splints.
We may count by thousands:
1 thousand, 1000,
2 thousand, 2000,
3 thousand, 3000,
and so on.
Write in figures :
2 hundred 75.
3 hundred 65.
6 hundred 66.
8 hundred 35.
9 hundred 99.
3 hundred 33.
5 hundred 67.
7 hundred 55.
9 hundred 90.
1 thousand.
THE HALF 115
Here is an apple.
Here is an apple that has been
cut in two.
Each part of the
apple is half of it.
We write one half like this: j
How many halves of an apple make
a whole apple?
How much is I and I?
If I have ^ of a pound of sugar, and
put I of a pound with it, how much
sugar do I have?
How much is I of a foot and I of
a foot? I of a day and | of a day?
1 see a circle. /^/^A
I see ^ of a circle. vly
2 halves of a circle make a circle.
116 THE HALF
Here are a dozen rabbits. If we
take half of them away, how many
rabbits do we take away?
How many are | of a dozen?
How many are I of 2 things?
How many are i of 4 things?
How many inches in 1 foot?
How many inches in | of 1 foot ?
How many inches in | of 8 inches?
In a class of 10 children, I are boys.
How many boys are there?
In a room having 12 desks, § are
in one row. How many desks are
there in this row?
T f
THE FOURTH
This square has been
cut into 4 equal parts.
Each of these equal parts is one
fourth of the square.
We write one fourth like this: j.
We may call \ a quarter.
In the large square there are how
many fourths ? how many quarters ?
How many fourths are there in \ of
the large square ?
I see \ of an apple.
I see I of an apple.
I see \ of an apple, 2 quarters of
an apple, and an apple.
118 THE THIRD
I see a slice of melon.
I see a third of a slice of melon.
3 thirds of a slice make a whole slice,
We write one third like this: t-
How much is 1 + 1 + 1 ?
How much is I of 3?
How much is 2 + 2 + 2 ?
How much is § of 6?
How many 3's make 9?
How much is 5 of 9?
Write and learn:
I of 3 is 1. ^ of a dozen is 6.
^ of 6 is 2. I of a dozen is 3.
I of 9 is 3. 5 of a dozen is 4.
THE CLOCK
119
We see these numbers on the clock:
1 = 1 IV or nil = 4
11 = 2
V = 5
111 = 3
VI = 6
Kead
the
numbers
on this
clock.
Can you
tell what
time it
is
now by
the school
clock ?
VII = 7
VIII = 8
IX = 9
X = 10
XI = 11
XII = 12
Read :
I VI
II
IV
V VII
XI
IX
X VIII
XII
III
Write the clock numbers
for :
1. 7
2
9
5 6
12
4
10
8
11
120 MULTIPLYING 1
How many are 1 + 1 ?
How many are 2 ones?
How many are 3 ones?
How many are 2 times 1 ?
How many are 3 times 1 ?
How many are 4 times 1 ?
We write
2x1 for 2 times 1, or 1 + 1.
3x1 for 3 times 1, or 1 + 1 + 1.
4x1 for 4 times 1, or 1 + 1 + 1 + 1
Read and learn :
1x1=1 6x1=6
2x1=2 7x1=7
3x1=3 8x1-8
4x1=4 9x1=9
5x1 = 5 10x1 = 10
ii
MULTIPLYING 1 121
There are 5 boys. Each has 1 rose.
How many roses have they all ?
There are 4 men. Each has 1 hat.
How many hats have they all?
There are 6 girls. Each has 1 book.
How many books have they all?
There are 8 boys. Each has 1 coat.
How many coats have they all ?
Write :
/+/+/+/+/=^x /=
/+/+/+/+/+/=^x /=
/+/+/+/+/+/+/=7x /=
j'x/= ^x/= ^x/ =
^x/= ^x/= ^x/=
7x/= 4^x/= /x/ =
MULTIPLYING 2
How many blocks are 2 blocks and
2 blocks?
Then tell nie liow many blocks are
2 times 2 blocks.
How many blocks are 2 blocks and
2 blocks and 2 blocks ?
Then tell me how many blocks are
3 times 2 blocks.
We write 3 times 2 like this:
MULTIPLYING 2 123
) There are 2 boys. Each has 2 apples.
How many apples have they both?
There are 3 girls. Each has 2 buns.
How many buns have they all?
There are 4 boys. Each has 2 caps.
How many caps have they all ?
How many blocks are 2x2 blocks ?
How many blocks are ^ of 2 blocks ?
How many blocks are ^ of 4 blocks ?
Count by 2's from 2 to 20.
How many are 4 twos ? 5 twos ?
Write and learn :
^x^= 4^ 7x^=/4^
J x<^= S S'x^= /6
4^x^= cT ^x^=/^
SxJZ=/0 J0x2=20
124 MULTIPLYING 2
Count by 2's from 2 to 20.
How many 2's make 4?
How many 2's make 6?
How many 2's make 10?
How many 2's make 16?
I have a piece of ribbon 10 inches
long. Into how many 2-inch pieces
can I cut it?
If I wish to put a dozen roses in
vases, putting 2 roses in each vase,
how many vases shall I need?
How many inches are ^ of 4 inches ?
How many pints are | of 8 pints ?
] Vrife :
.y
1
}
MULTIPLYING 3 125
) Count by 3's from 3 to 15.
How many are 2 threes ?
} How many are 3 threes?
How many are 4 threes?
f How many are 5 threes ? 33
How many 3's do 3 3 3
, you see in 6? 3 3 3 3
How many 3's do
^ you see in 12?
How many 3's do you see in 15 ?
How much is 1 of 6? 1 of 12?
How much is J of 6 ? | of 9 ?
How much is 1 of 12? I of 15?
3 3 3_3_3
3 6 9 12 15
Write and learn :
^^
1^3 = 3 3^3- ^
S^3= IS
>
/
2y.3=h iAy-3=/2
^xj=/r
126 MULTIPLYING 3
Frank's sister is 3 years old. Frank
is 3 times as old. How old is he ?
How many sides has a triangle?
George made 2 triangles,
using a stick for each side.
How many sticks did he use
for both triangles ?
How many triangles can be made
from 1 2 sticks, using one for each side ?
Count by 3's from 3 to 30.
Write and learn :
/xj- 3
bx3- IS"
Jlx J = S
1^3=2/
-1
JxS- Cj
lfx3=2^
1
^^3-/2
^xj'=^7
J
S^S- /S
J0-><3-30
1
i
MULTIPLYING 3 127
Three sticks are needed to make
a triangle. How many sticks are
needed to make 5 triangles?
If one notebook weighs 3 ounces,
what will 6 notebooks weigh?
How many 3's make 9?
How much is I of 6?
How much is g of 9 ? I of 12 ?
How many blocks are | of 9 blocks ?
1 of 12 blocks
?
•
Write :
J2xJ =
SxJ =
^xj
JxJ^
(Tx J-
/xj
6xJ-
4^xJ =
/OxJ
J + j" + J + J = 4^ X J =
)
/
MULTIPLYING 4
How many kittens are 4 kittens and
4 kittens?
How many kittens are 2x4 kittens ?
How many are 2
4
fours? 3 fours?
4 4
How many are 4
4 4 4
fours? 5 fours?
4
4 4 4
How many are 6
fours and 1 four?
4
4
4 4 4 4
8 12 16 20
How many 4's do you see in 8 ?
How many 4'8 do you see in 12 ?
How many 4's do you see in 16?
MULTIPLYING 4 129
Count by 4's from 4 to 20.
Count by 4's from 20 to 40.
How many are 5 fours?
How many are 6 fours?
How many are 8 fours?
If Ralph makes 3 squares, using a
stick for each side, how many sticks
will he need in all?
How many squares can Ralph make
from 8 sticks, using one stick for
each side?
Write and leaim :
MULTIPLYING 5
«^<
These children are playing ringtoss.
Each ring on the post counts 5.
How much do 2 rings count?
How much do 3 rings count?
How much do 4 rings count?
Count by 5's from 6 to 20.
How many days do you go to school
in a week ? in 4 weeks ?
MULTIPLYING 5 131
How many 5's do 5
you see in 15 ? 5 5
How many 5's in 20 ? 5 5 5
How many 5's in 25 ?
Comit by 5's from — _ _ — —
5 10 15 20 25
5 to 50.
How many days are 6x5 days ?
5 5 5 5
Write and learn:
/xS= s
b^S=30
2y^S= 10
7^S=3S
3><S=/S
^xS=^0
^•>^s=:2,o
q^s=¥s
s^s=:>s
/o^s-so
Write :
7xs= ^xs=
^ X ^= ^
jx^r= ^x^= ^x^= /o^s=
132 MULTIPLYING
Multiply by 2:
3 pounds 3 tens
3 quarts 30
30
_2
60
Multiply hy 4: 20
2 yards 2 tens 4
2 inches 20 80
Multiply by S:
4 feet 4 pints 4 tens
4 yards 4 inches 40
When we multiply 40
by 3, we say: "3x0 = 0, 3
3x4 = 12," and we write 120
the answer 120.
Write and multiply :
Jly^/O 3>^20 ¥^30 S^30
2^ SO 3^ SO ^^^0 Sy-U-O
MULTIPLYING 133
Multiply hy 2:
30 2 32 40 3 43
When we multiply 43
by 2, we say : "2x3 = 6,
43
_2
2x4 = 8," and we write the qq
answer 86.
Write and multiply :
2^2/ Sy- 1 1 1^2/
3^2/ b>^20 8'^30
^^ /2 7^20 (^^21
22 23 2M 12 3/ bO b I
3 2 2 3 U- S S
If a triangle is 12 inches on a side,
how far is it around the triangle?
If a square is 22 feet on a side,
how far is it around the square?
134 MULTIPLYING
How much is 3x2? 3x20?
How much is 3 x 20 and 3x2?
How much is 3 X 22 ? pp
See how we multiply 3
22 by 3. 66
Write and multiply :
10 1/ /2 13 1^ 20 2/ 22
oO' e^O* o^ c^ cfC^f o*if o^ oO'
23 2i^ 30 3/ 32 33 3^ ^0
cr^ cfC^f oO' esO' cfC^ oO' c>^ oO'
^1
4C2
^3
^UA
II
12
13
20
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
21 23 30 31 32 33 II 12
333333^^
MULTIPLYING 135
How much is 3x3?
How much is 3x4? 3x40?
How much is 3 X 43 ?
43
See how we multiply ^
43 by 3. ^[29
Write and multiply :
SO SI S2 S3 ^0 ^/ 442 SO
oC^ ts^ e^O- e^O- C) C/ C/ C/
20 21 22 30 3/ 32 ^0 ^/
JO // 20 21 30 3/ ^0 U-l
SSSSSSSS
10
1 J
20
21
^/
SI
SI
SI
b
b
b
b
b
7
<r
^
136
MULTIPLYING
How much is 2 X 3? 2 x 30?
How much is 2 x 30 and 2x3?
How much is 2 X 33 ? 2 x 32 ?
How much is 3x1? 3x10?
How much is 3x12?
Write and multiply :
J3 23 33 ^3 /^ 2^ 3^ 4^
22222222
/2 22 32 U-2 S2 J3 23 S3
3
3 3
3 3 3 3
3
^0 ^/ SO SI U-0 ^/ SO SI
S' S" S' S"
6 i) 6
so so ^0 ^/ ^/ 4^ S3 S^
7 ^
U c^ exS cfC^
REVIEW 137
Write and add:
23 3U- U./ c]3 33 S2 bl S'2
b2 23 S2 ^ ^1 32 2b 10
2 / 3 2 ^ S 2
S' 3 cj 1 b / (^ 3
3 2 3 ^ S S' 3
^ b 12^2^2
23 13 2^ 442 3^ b2 ^3 q/
/2 32 ^1 ^2 ^U. 2b /S S'
Write and subti^act :
^S" 2q 37 b^ SS' 7S S'(7 c]b
27 12 2/ ^0 32 ^3 S^ 7^
S^ bS' 73 (^1 S'2 7^ 3q SS
27 32 ^/ SO bl 22 /^ 2S
138 ADDING
See how we add larger numbers.
How much is 2 + 3 ?
How much is 7 + 2 ? 1 72
How much is 1 + 3 ? 395
How much is 223 + 172?
Write and add:
100 120 123 123 123
200 200 200 2/0 2/^
22/ 3¥2 ^/2i) S3S b8'3
327 2S3 3S/ 2S2 302
Sqi
(T^y
6i)i)
S^^
7^2
202
/ /O
22
S/
/b
How many feet are 125 feet and
42 feet? 342 feet and 135 feet?
ADDING 139
See how we add other numbers,
How much is 8 + 4? 24
How much is 6 + 2 ? 68
We say: "8 + 4
: = 12,"
12
8
92
> and we
write 2.
Then
we say
: " 1 + 6 +
2 = 9,"
24
^ and we
write 9.
•
68
How
much is 24
+ 68?
92
^ Write and add:
3^ 3^
3^ S'2
n ^1
^7
3b
^ 2^ 2b
27 11
18' /q
/q
^7
)> 2^ 4C2
U sj
^ 63
8'(^
2q
31 2q
2S 3h
37 2S'
^
sq
How many boys are 18 boys and
16 boys? 37 boys and 25 boys?
140 ADDING
Add 18 cubes and 2 cubes.
How many houses are 17 houses
and 16 houses?
How many girls are 48 girls and
27 girls? 52 girls and 18 girls?
How many birds are 28 birds and
32 birds? 35 birds and 48 birds?
Winte and add:
2S' 3b ^S' 7J2, 63 ^q bS" 3b
21 S^ 2q 18' /q 32 IS 27
3 b 8^1 27 ^b SS 73 3S' ^b
2b 2q 3S' 27 3S /^ 2b 2(^
S2 S7 b3 cjl S'3 JT 37 bb
2(1 33 2q q 8' 2q 37 28'
SUBTRACTING 141
Let us subtract larger numbers.
How much is 5 - 2 ? 395
How much is 9 - 7 ? 1 72
How much is 3 - 1 ? 223
We see that 395-172 = 223.
How many feet are 275 feet less
25 feet? 275 feet less 125 feet?
Write and subtract :
600 Sa^o 6¥<r S^<r b^S'
200 200 200 220 22^
4C2^ S3h S'07 bOCJ JOJ
/07 20s ^02 3 OS 202
S^7 ^O (^36 ^3q S'22
1^2 2b I 3/^ 20^ ^/O
142 SUBTRACTING
From 45 cubes take 30 cubes.
How many miles are 65 miles less
60 miles? 265 miles less 160 miles?
How many feet are 136 feet less
25 feet? 336 feet less 125 feet?
How many poimds are 255 pounds
less 140 pounds?
Write
and suhtrart
\ .
1 m
62^
732
bqs'
^qb
32/
2.0 h
302
^27
3^3
20/
33q
^S'q
bS'7
(72b
ssq
20b
227
3U-2
SIS
233
SIS'
b(72
S'qi
307
SSS'
221
3^1
b20
/Ob
2SS'
ADDITION TABLE 143
The complete addition table is inserted for purposes of review
and reference.
2+0= 2 3+0=3 4+0 =4 5+0=5
2+1= 3 3+1= 4 4+1= 5 5+1= 6
2+2= 4 3+2= 5 4+2=-6 5+2= 7
2+3= 5 3+3= 6 4+3= 7 5+3= 8
2+4=6 3+4=7 4+4=8 5+4=9
2 + 5= 7 3 + 5=8 4 + 5 =9 5 + 5 = 10
2 + 6= 8 3 + 6= 9 4 + 6 = 10 5 + 6 = 11
2 + 7= 9 3 + 7 = 10 4 + 7 = 11 5 + 7 = 12
2 + 8 = 10 3 + 8 = 11 4 + 8 = 12 5 + 8 = 13
2 + 9 = 11 3 + 9 = 12 4 + 9 = 13 5 + 9 = 14
6+0= 6 7+0= 7 8+0= 8 9+0= 9
6 + 1=7 7 + 1=8 8 + 1=9 9 + 1 = 10
6 + 2= 8 7 + 2= 9 8 + 2 = 10 9 + 2 = 11
6 + 3= 9 7 + 3 = 10 8 + 3 = 11 9 + 3 = 12
6 + 4 = 10 7 + 4 = 11 8 + 4 = 12 9 + 4 = 13
6 + 5 = 11 7 + 5 = 12 8 + 5 = 13 9 + 5 = 14
6 + 6 = 12 7 + 6 = 13 8 + 6 = 14 9 + 6 = 15
6 + 7 = 13 7 + 7 = 14 8 + 7 = 15 9 + 7 = 16
6 + 8 = 14 7 + 8 = 15 8 + 8 = 16 9 + 8 = 17
6 + 9 = 15 7 + 9 = 16 8 + 9 = 17 9 + 9 = 18
144 MULTIPLICATION TABLE
In schools where the entire multiplication table is taught before
taking up a formal textbook, the following table may be used.
1x2= 2 1x3= 3 1x4= 4 1x5= 5
2x2=4 2x3=6 2x4=8 2x5 = 10
3x2= 6 3x3= 9 3x4 = 12 3x5 = 15
4x2=8 4x3 = 12 4x4 = 16 4x5 = 20
5x2 = 10 5x3 = 15 5x4 = 20 5x5 = 25
6x2 = 12 6x3 = 18 6x4 = 24 6x5 = 30
7x2 = 14 7x3 = 21 7x4 = 28 7x5 = 35
8x2 = 16 8x3 = 24 8x4 = 32 8x5 = 40
9x2 = 18 9x3 = 27 9x4 = 36 9x5 = 45
10x2 = 20 10x3 = 30 10x4 = 40 10x5 = 50
1x6= 6 1x7= 7 1x8= 8 1x9= 9
2x6 = 12 2x7 = 14 2x8 = 16 2x9 = 18
3x6 = 18 3x7 = 21 3x8 = 24 3x9 = 27
4x6 = 24 4x7 = 28 4x8 = 32 4x9 = 36
5x6 = 30 5x7 = 35 5x8 = 40 5x9 = 45
6x6 = 36 6x7 = 42 6x8 = 48 6x9 = 54
7x6 = 42 7x7 = 49 7x8 = 56 7x9 = 63
8x6 = 48 8x7 = 56 8x8 = 64 8x9 = 72
9x6 = 54 9x7 = 63 9x8 = 72 9x9 = 81
10 X 6 = 60 10 X 7 = 70 10 x 8 = 80 10 x 9 = 90
^
^
\
V
t K*4
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