BOSTON PUBLIC LIBRARY
3 9999 06317 377 5
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OFFICE OF NATIONAL RECOVERY ADMINISTRATION
DIVISION OF REVIEW
CHILD LABOR CONTROL UNDER NRA
By
Solomon Barkin
(A Section of Part D: Control of Other Conditions of Employment)
WORK MATERIALS NO. 45 '
THE LABOR PROGRAM UNDER THE NIRA
H
<\c. ,\
Work Materials No. 45 falls into the following parts:
Part A
Part B
Part C
Part D
Part E
Introduction
Control of Hours and Reemployment
Control of Wages
Control of Other Conditions of Employment
Section 7 (a) of the Recovery Act
LABOR STUDIES SECTION
MARCH, 1936
9791
OFFICE OF NATIONAL RECOVERY ADLIIII STRATI ON
DIVISION OF rJLVIEW
CHILD LABOR CONTROL mDER NRA
BY
Solomon Barkin
LABOR STUDIES SECTION
i.:ARCK, 19 06
^
FOiCWOHIl
r.-ie stue^;,' of I'Cliild Labor Control Under NRA." vas prepared by
lur. Solonon Saxkin of the Lr.bor Studies Section, It is one of a series
of stxiJ.ies conducted by this Section on the atterapts to control, throu{rh
the codes of fair conpetition, not only yages and hours of rork but
also other conditions of enplojinent.
Probably the n.ost outstanding'- and universally approved section of
this part of the NKA. labor procran vas the re^^ulation of child labor.
Effective regulation of labor conditions permitted the realization of
the humanitarian coal of the climinrition of child labor. The study is
an investigation of the adr.iinistration as '-ell as the effects of the
provision.
In the iDreparation of this material assistance was given by the
Industrial Division of the Children's Bureau of the United States De-
partment of Labor.
In the Appendices are many valuable compilations of lists of
hazardous occup?,tions \7hich vrill be of .jreat assistance in the develop-
ment of such legislation either by States or the Federal Governj-ient.
Tlie e.-rperience under the IIHA should be of value to all adLiinistrative
agencies handling this problen.
At the back of this report will be found a statement of the
studies undertalcen by the Division of Review.
L. C. Lar shall
Director, Division of Review
March 14, 19o6
9731 ~^~
<d
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Lists of ■.;az,?.rdous Cccupaoions Approved vnd. AclmoAvl edged
OJiQ. Reouired uy Code
■:::iLD laboh cokthcl u::d32 k2a
TABLE or Ca:T3TTS
SU:.a.iARY iv
I. Development of ITRA Policy 2
A. ??A 2
3. CI:Lild Labor aiid '.'azardous Occupations 5
C. Exe-T'^tions to Persons Under IG Years of A^e 9
1. Daily l>Iev;s"5aper Indiistry 9
2. Retail Code Group 21
II. Code Provisions on Cliild Labor 22
III. Development :.f Definitions of "."azardous Occupations 27
IV. Occupations Prol^ibited to lanors as .'azairdous 34
v. Compliance v/it- Cliild Labor Provisions 35
VI. Tlie Effect of Cl-iild Labor Provisions ' 38
VII. Post NRA Child Labor Conditions 44
VIII. Conclusion 44
TABLES
I. Dr:?jts of C.ild Labor Provisions - ITev/spaper Business
Code 15-18
II. Cliild Labor Provisions in yPA. Codes 24-25
III. Lists of llazr.rdous Occupations Furnished by Labor
Advisory Board to Code Authorities 30
IV. Lists of Hazardous Occupations Acloiowledged or Approved
by the Administration 52
33
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9791
71. Cl.ild Lcibor Co;r'lr.lnts "by Industrial Grou.^s 37
711. O.ild L.-.oor Cor...)l:..ints 'by 5t=?,tes 39
A?P51Z)IX
A. I.Iemo rpndi'un from Cl.i], ^ren'3 Bureau, U. 3. Departraent of
Lator, re: Desirability of a ^.iniiTum A^:e of 13 in
Hazardous Suplcyinents 47
3. S"aimnary of Public rsarings (Kevsoaper Riblisliin,; Business
Code) on September 22, 1953 51
C. Llemo rcjiduTi froi/; G-eorije Buckley, Division AcLninic-trator
to General llu^'^ii S. Jo±inson, Ac'siinistrator, re: Cl;.ild
La.bor Provisi-ns for tlie Daily ".'evs"ia :er Publis-.ing
Cede and t"..e 3-rayo-ic Arts Cede 52
D. Jag^ested A'-ienc'-.ient to Article 7, Section 1, C'.Ae f-r
the Daily llevirspa'Ter Publisl.inj Business, B.y tl:.e Code
Autlicrity of t-ie Industry, IToveraber 12, 19o4 54
S. (a) Letter fr~.M Code Autlicrity for tlie Daily ]!js\7S"7aper
Publishing Business to All Assenting L.enbers 55
(b) Letter frc.i the Secretary of Labor to the General
Cc'CJisel of the l^ewspaper Code Authority 56
(c) Heport of Special Co-i ittee Designated by the Code
Authority to Ccnsider Sugge?tians for the Anend-
nent of Article 7, 3ecti::n 1 of t"'.e Code 56
r. Letter from S. i.I. 'Jillians, Secretary, Code Authority
for the Dailj'' Nev/spaper Publishing Business to Jack B.
Tate, Division Administrator 60
G. Ana-lysis of the prescribed Occupations with dotations
.as to the Industries v/hich included l!h.em in l!I".eir Lists
and copies of the hazardous CccLVjation s for tl:e Indus-
tries W:-ere such Lists were A'/oroved 61
• 111-
9791
SUMIARY
The regulation of child labor was first undertaken by HEA.
in the cotton textile code largely at the request of groups interested
in the elitiineition of child labor. It was reaffirmed in the President's
Reem-Dlojonent Agreement. The -nrovisions of the latter Agreement may,
in fact, be declared to have contained the essential outline of NRA
policy on child labor. It established a sixteen year minimum and -oer-
mitted an exemption for minors bet-reen the years of 14 and 16 in non-
manuf r cturir^c; industries. Additions to nolicy included the adoTotion
of the certificate sysi-em for identifying the ages of employees and the pre-
scription of a higher a::,'e, usually 18 years for hazardotis employments.
The effort to eliminate the exemption granted in non-mercantile indus-
tries to persons under 16 years of age failed.
The codes provided for the regiilation of child labor. The
general minimum was 16 years, but 49 codes set higher minimum ages. Six-
teen codes granted exemptions from the minimum age of 16 years. In 444
codes and supplenents to codes a higher minimum pge was established for
hazardous occupations vrithin the industry. These lists ^-'ere not sub-
mitted usually within the required rieriod. They were develoToed by the
code authorities with the advice ano assistance of the Labor Advisory
Board and the Children's Bureau of the Department of Labor, In all, the
Labor Advisory Board furnished 355 individual lists of occunations to
code authorities. One liundred seventy four lists were either aioproved
or atf.oiowled^ed by the Administration as adequate definitions of the ha-
zardous occuTDations of the particular industries. The other industries
failed to furnish the proper lists for aiDDroval to the Administration.
It wa,s the activity of the Labor Advisory Board staff which assured the
achievement of such progress in this res'oect as was witnessed.
Compliance with the child labor provisions was rather general.
It was facilitated oj the fact that the Federal Emergency Relief Admini-
stration undertook to taice special care of those cases where the removal
of the child worker from industry would be esoe dally harmful to the
family.
The child labor provisions were verj'' effective. They resulted
in the oractical elimination of child workers from industry. The number
of certificates for emoloyment issued to child workers declined from the
per ten thousojid children of the ages 14 to 16 in 1929 to 67 in 1934.
All available evidence indicates that emplo;'/Tnent of children in industry-
was negligible as a result of the code -orovisions. The removal of these
persons under 16 years of age from industry apparently opened up a larger
number of opportunities to the older children from 16 to 18 years. Two
result r, of the interest in the child labor problem caused in part by the
child labor legislation under NHA were the approval by 18 additional
States of the Federal Child Labor Amendment and the raising by 4 States
of their age standards to the levels approximately similar to those estab-
lished in UEA codes.
Availabl-j information indicates tha,t with the invalidation of
the ITHA codes, child labor has returned in many industries where the NBA
had eliminated it.
9791
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CFILD LABOR COl^TAOL rilDEH 'J.?A
The regulation oi child labor becc-juiic a pa.rt of NKA le^'jislation
lar£,elj^ as a result of tne efforts oi la^or and other {;;roups interested
in the elimination of child labor r.ncl the reducti-V;: of adult unenploy-
r.ent. There is little evidnncr to s-a-v~ort the conclusion that it liad
"been ori^-^iinallj'' conteir'"ilated tliat codes ^-'ould -orescribe niniraui:; ages
for emplov'ment . In the Congressional debates and hearings on the UIEA
little mention xies ;iiade of the subject. The most significant of the
rare "instances in v/hich child labor v7-;;.s referred to in the discussions
were the follo-'ing remark:? by ;Reprcsentative I-^elly of Pennsylvania on
I'ay 25, 1?53, on the floor of the I-iouse. Ht; declared tlmt -
"We are atterroting to stabilize industry. . . V/ith fair v/age
standards and the elininatiri-.-i of pv/e.?t shop v/ages, child labor
and other intolerable conditions, the fair and hxmane employer
will be -orotected against cut-throat conpetition'! ('')•
That proolems con.'.ectec. with child labor were ueing considered, however,
is indicated by tnc fact that the subject nad appeared in the drafts for
ether uieasTires of industrial reform or control.
The r.iajor interest of NPlA a.dminist native leaders was in recovery
broright about largely through the reduction of unemplcymenc aiid the in-
crease of mass purchasing power. Tiie enrol-^asis ¥/as cor.sequently placed
upon "maxim.um hours . . . minir.ni;Ti vrage scales . . . and conditions of
cnloyment" , but the latter did not include a precise and direct
prescription aga.inst child labor (**). ".Tone the less, the deinand for
the elimination of child labor soon became articulate and found ej^)res-
sion in iTSA pclic^^ and codes. The provision was "onivers.'^lly api^roved
and inspired co..siderablo. comrncndation.
It was at the hearings on the cotton textile code that the child
labor issue was brought to tho fore. General Jornison declared that
Congress had intended tzie minimum v/age in the codes to be a minimum
wage in fact, '.'/hatever advantages industry rained out of the emplo;;/ment
of children in the past through paying children less than adults vrauld
be removed by the minimum v;age provision ixi the codes. (***). The
cotton textile industrj', throw-h "Ir. C-, A. Sloa.n, President of the
Cotton Textile Institute, replied that the industry liad "no interest in
maintaining child labor" in the industry. 'The Administrator, vho had
been previousl" informed at the meeting of the Labor Advisory 2oard on
J-one 2Z , 1953 tliat it believed the absence of a:a adequate provision
prohibiting the emplovTient of child \7orhers to be one of the major
defects of the code, requested I!r. Sloan to insert a specific prohibi-
tion against child labor. Such a provision would remove all doubt as
to the effectiveness of the wa;'je provision as "might be (raised) hy
3. representative of the Labor Advisory Board". Mr. Sloan, noting tiiat
the problem. ha.d not been previously discussed in the preliminary con-
ferences v.'ith t?^ C-overnment, declared tmt he would willingly discuss
(*) Congression3-l Record (iic'.jr ,^5, 1., TTO - p. 4310.
(*") "-T.?tional Recovery Administration Bulletin "Jo. ,-J , Basic Codes of
Jair Corrpetition, (Jxme 19, 1935). Goveriiment Printin,;; Office.
( ***)iIa,tional Recovery Acxnini strati on "-learini^s on the Code of P-air
Conroetition for the Cotton Textile Industry, p. 13. iPA. files,
9791
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the matter with members of the industry. As a result of such a ineetin;
the industry comittee reported, on Jime ■■:'.Q , 1933, that -
b.
"'7c "believe that the ninimum wage provisions of the code will
end cMld lahor which lias already reached a vanishing point
in tnis industry, hiit we wish to go oeyond this. . .
"Oior cotton textile industry conjnittee "believes that it vrould
he helpful to the broad movement, if the Administrator is
agreeable, to put an express provision in the cotton textile
code tliat the employment of minors under 16 years of age bt
not permitted durin.?; the emergency" (*).
3e
The approved code -orovided tliat -
"On and after the effective date emrployers in the cotton
textile industry sliall not employ any minor under the age
of 16 years."
The significance of this stevi --jas widely recognized. Tlie Administrator
declared this addition to be -
"The most dramatic and sit;;,nif icant development . . . The
reason why fnis ancient atrocic;' could so easily be killed
notwit"xistandin;2.' i^s tenacity of life a{;;ain£t tv/enty-five
years of attaclrs was also intrinsic in the President's idea
that employers v/ould 'be glad to do much by general agreement
that no single em^'jloyer would dare to do sepa,rately." (**)
I. DEVELOFWEiTT OF HRA POLICY
A. The FPA
The esta'blisliment of a minimum age for employment in the cotton
textile industry, the first codified industry, firmly fixed the elimina-
tion of cnild labor as a major objective of the IT?A. The Administra-
tion has since reiterated this objective in -any of its policy decla.ra-
tions. In fact, in the President's Reenrolo^/ment Agreement, v/hich repre-
sented the Administration's first definitive formulation of labor stand-
ards, specific age limits v/ere set. The Agreement provided tliat no
employer ws.s "to employ (after August 31, 1933) any person under 16
years of ai^ e except that persons between 1'-- and 16 years may be' employed
(but not in manufa.cturing or mechanical industries) for not to exceed
3 hours per day and those hours between 7:00 A.ii. , and 7:00 P.'I. , in
(*) Hearings op, cit., (June .33, 1933), ileleg.se, IIa»-. 18, p. 2.
(**) Fational P.ecovery Administration Codes of Fair Competition
Vol. I, p. 12
9791
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such v'OT : a,s viil not inceriere ''it'.i ho-oj'r of c'n;- school" (*)
In its na jor aE;->ects, :I2A policy re:n-ined sixusts-ntially the s^me,
although the effort to lirdt c.^ilc". l^bor r/as considerably .■rar.piified in
the coii.rse of ITPJl's Msbory. "either the ori.^inal basic policies nor
the specific c'.evelopments encountered p.ny seriovi? or inDrjrmountable
op'r^osition. The nr.jor deveio"r.ients concerned themselves vdth the
actvial pairasin^i of the specific provisions included in the code, the
develo^pment of a specific teclinique for administration, the inclusion
of a provision bsjinina, empiojunent of j"oun£: persons at hazardous employ-
ment and the effort to eliminate the tolerance vdth regard to children
of 14 to 16 years of a^,e in non-ra;UT,ufact;iriu£ jobs.
The clause most co.Tk.ionly reconmondec' in the first months of IIPA
declared th^at ."no -oerson under 15 ; ears of a;:;e slir.ll be emploj'^ed in the
trade or ind\istry" (**) This clause v/as supplemented by a statement
tliat "members of the trade or industry slia.ll comply v/ith any lav/s of
such ste,te irr^of^inti; m?re strin^.,ent requirements reii,ulr.tin^ the age of
employees. . .tiian \mder this code". This double provision remained the
usual regulation in the e-"-rly codes.
During the coce heo.rin;';s of the first basic codes, a question
arose as to the responsibility of em^iloyers in connection vith the
proof of the age of employees. The individiial trade associations pro-
posed to insert in their code drafts the '-ords "Icnov'ingly' emplbying"*
children. In the hearings on the steel code, Secretary of Labot
Perkins-protested this langus,ge. She referred to it as "^probably in
oversight in- the wording of Section 4 of Article IV" (***). Asi written
it provided that no m.ember of the code shall "knovdngly" employ any
person in the industry under the age of 16 years. It Imd been the e?:-
perience of all state departm.ents cliarged with the enforcement of child
labor laT7s that the inclusion of t>.e word "I'mowingly" m.akes it almost
impossible to enforce any child labor la-v. The Children's Ivjrer.u of
the Depa-rtment of Labor, particularly, protested this wording. It
declared that "this limitation mahes the clause practically impossible of
enforcement due to the great diffictilty of ;>iroving that the em^^loyer has
not been deceived as to the child's age." In its arg^jment it pointed -out
that -
"Ditring the e?rly period of child labor legislation, one of
th'. means of nullifying a law prohibiting the employment of
children \mder a certain age or limiting their ho\irs of v/ork
(-) The joint meeting of the H3A Advisory Boards anO- the Administrator,
on July 10, 1933 developed an agreement on a flat minimtm of 16
years for ail industries, The .exemption for persons of 14 to 16
years v/as .added in the revision o" the Administrator's sta.ff.
(**) The Develo-oment of The llodel Code and Model Provisions Codes
"Tentative Draft of Hodel Code" (About August 15, 1933) a study by
?:arr-- ilulhey "ilA. Achcdnistrative Studies Division of Review.
(***)lTational Recovery Adininistrp,tion Hearings on the Steel Code, iIRA
files (July 51, 19c3). Address by Secretary of Labor Frances
Perkins, ITRA Release ITo. 146, p. 12.
9791
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was the imposition of a pens.lty effective onlj^ in the case of
the enTployer 'lrnov/inc;ly' having; violated it, a provision which
put a premiim on ignorance an^l 'balked the intent of such labor
legislation" (*) •
Although the code language vra^s revised so as to exclude the word
"Imowingly" , represente^tives of industrj" continued to demand of HRA
some clarification of the langaaage to remove the uncertainties concern-
ing the oblit,,ations of enrployers. One suggestion v/as to provide that .
"reliance in good faith 'by an employer upon any evidence as to age ad-
missible in the court of the state in '.-'hich sucji emplo;)'Tnent ta.l;es place
shall be deemed a compliance with this provision" (**). However, many
protests vfere entered against this ambiguoxis langua.ge. The Children's
lureau vigorously criticized this language. The representative of the
Labor Advisory Loard, at the conference, recova^ended the use of the
employjnent certif ica,tos c.s a positive proof of age. This suggestion
was accepted.
The provision ; enerally adopte"d in li2A ha,s read, as follov/s:
"In a.ny state an employer sha.ll "be deemed to have complied
vdth this provision if he shall have on file a certificate
duly issued 'by the authority em'jowered to issue employment or
age certificates or --'Crnits showing tha.t the em^^loyee is of
the required, age" (***)
The only later change made in this language was to prescribe that the
certificate shall be a "valid" one "duly signet"! by the authority in
such sta.te" (**^"*).
The a'bove provision furnished a,n easy method wliere"by an employer
could protect him.self , and still offer definite ;oroof of good faith.
The system of issuin;;^, certificates in the varioiis states had accustomed
employers to requiring such certificates. Parents' affidavits of age,
on the other hand, have been found unreliable. TAridence to this effect
Y/as obtanned ''oy the United States Children's ""_ureau when it was admini-
stering the Federal Child Labor Ltiw of 1917-13. It fouiid it necessary
to issue employiTient certificates in certain states because state
certificates wer- not satisfa.ctory. The first C^,S58 a-pplications made
for federal certificates, in one state, were ched:ed with the affidavits
on the basis of v/hich the Commissioner h<?.d previously issued state
certificates. This chccl: revea,led the ff.ct that the d.ocumentary
evidence presented by the parents shoYfed tliat 601, or 16.6 percent of
{''"■) Memorand-um of September 18, 1923, from Children's Bureau, re: IJse
of the word "■aiov'in,:;ly" in the chile' labor prohibitions of the
]I3A Codes. (ITRA files, Child Labor).
(**) "Suggested Outline for Code "Draft"- (about September 15, 1933), The
Development of The Llodel Code - suora.
(***)"Suggested Outline for Codes"- (Draft of October 1, 1993), The
Development of Tiie ^odel Code - supra.
(*'''^''*) Labor Advisory Doard liodel Code - (Draft of Jan-ua.ry 7, 1935, The
Development of Tnc i'odel Code - suora.
9791
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the nunilDer clieclced, v/ce yovm/;cor t iiavi the age -^ireviously sv/orn to "by the
parents, and tliat SI children -.7erc over tha,t a^c^e. Those manufacturers
v/ho shipped in interst'te or foreifm coiniierce, anc vho felt that the
parents' affidavit vrag tae "best evidence, \v re free under the Federal
Child Labor Act to accept it, hut ihey vrare liable to prosecution if
in fact it proved xmreliahle and they employed, children contrary to
the provisions of the Act. -Very few of them, aov/ever, hivl sufficient
confidence in the "oaronts ' affidavits to he v-illinr; to take this risk.
(*)
3. Child Laljor and Hazardous Occuoations
At the insistence of such organizations a.s the Hational Cluld Lahor
Com:-;-.ittee , the Children's Biu-eau of the Department of Labor, and the
re-oresentatives of the Labor Advisory Board, attention was increasingly
directed toward the further protection of child v;orl-ers in industry by
prohibiting them from eniplo;5'n;ent at hazardous occupations. On July 19,
1953, the national Child Labor Conj.iittee recomiiended, as basic principles
governing child labor, (l) a 16 year age rpinimurr: in every industry for
8.11 types of employment in the indiistry, and (2), an 18 year age
minimum for industries or specific processes in* industries "where
unemployment is especially acute or where the rishs of employment
mal-ce advis?.ble adult worhers" (**)
The national Child Labor Corr^-aittee recom-nended, in the case of
the Bituminous Coal Industry, an 18 year a.ge limit for all coal mine
operatives, an 18 year minimum for the Steel Industry, and an 18 year
ninimuni for certain processes such as eniploj^iient in savv' mills and
logging operations in the Lumber Industry. The Children's Bureau
supported these efforts by siibmitting leiigthy memoranda containing the
available pertinent inlorraation justifying the above regulations. The
Bituminous Industry established in the code a 17 year minimiun for inside
mines and haza.rdcus worl; outside of any mine; the Lumber Industry set
an 18 year limit for all its employees except tiia.t it permitted boys
16 years or over in the yrooden pacl3,ge divij^ion of the industry and
at non-hazardous occuroations during school vacation periods "if there
are no wage-earners of 13 years or over in the families". The Iron
and Steel Industry did not set a higher minimum for the more hazardous
occupations.
Tlie movement for the 'specific protection of minors from hazardous
employments made considerable progress. Hot only did mo,ny large indus-
tries adopt the principle, but other ad..vanced industries soon followed.
Only three of the first tv/enty codes recognized the principle of a
higher m.inim'uiri for hazardous work; but the later codes furnished an
increasing number. Tne Children's Bureau of the United States Depart-
ment of Labor, in order to further this movement, undertook a special
( * ) "Adjiinigtration of the First federal Child Labor Law , " Chi Idr en ' s
Bureau. Publication V.o. 78, page ^L .
(**) Letter of ilr. Coui'tney Dinwiddle, Executive Secretary of the
Ifetiona-l Child Labor Committee to General Hugh S, Johnson, July 19,
1933. (lIHAFileSy Child Labor).
?791
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effort to faj:iiliarize the I'TBA acminisorative sta.ff v/ith the problems of
hazardous emplojTnents . On AUf-^-Tist 15, 1953, it addressed a comnruni cation
to all Deputy Administrators indicating, that "vmile the codes of fair
competition are ^enerall recognizing 16 years as the minimum age for
employment, it is equally desirahle tliat the code for some industries
should prohibit the emplojTiaent of persons uo to 18 years of a^^e at
least in occu;:'ations involving extreme danger." It furnished these
officials with a complete list of the operations in which "accident
evidence warra^nts the prohibition of employment for minors imder 18
years" , and. a, list of the states in each case "which fix 18 years as
minimum age 'for employment in this t^p^ie of v;ork" , und information on
accidents to minors in industries (Appendix A).
^The Labor Advisory Board took a. stron,:; stand in the development
of policy on this subject rdthin the Administration. A draft of a
tentative outline for cod.es by the Administration v/as criticised by the
Board for not including a provision protecting minors under 18 from
hazardous employments. It indicated that -
"In some states dangerou.s occupations are prohibited to
minors" under 18. In other bacte/ard stater this is not
done. Result is unfair competition. Therefore, where some
states mahe the age limit 18 years for certain trades, the
code should prohibit employment of any minor under 18 in such
trades throu^:hout the coimtry" (*).
As a result of this criticism tne model code Has aiTiended to include a
provision recoyiizing superior state laws to be api;'licable v/here they
established higher labor standards. 'The memorand.um in reply to the
Labor Advisory Board declared that it liad not become iJRA polic - to re-
quire that "where a state sets a higher minimum, tha.t minimur! should
apply to the v/hole industry". In fact, the respondent declai'ed it to
be primarily the problem of the Ls,bor Advisory Board to obtain such
a prdvision in the code. The campaign for such a provision in
individual codes amd for a general policy was carried on by the Labor
Advisor;- Board.
The staff of the Labor Advisory Zoard formulated the prevailing
policies of the B.oard on September 18, 193S. This statement made it
encumbent uoo'n each staff member and labor advisor to insist upon the
inclusion of a clause of the following content:
"No employer shall employ any person Uiider 16 years of age
nor any person under 18 years of age at ojoerati jns and/or
occupations detrimental to health. The Code Authority shall
submit to the Administrator for approval before Janriary 1,
1934, a list of sLich occupations."
The first o;oportunity to ootain general approval of this principle
appeared in connection v/ith the drafting of the "model" code issued on
October 1, 1933. The Lfxbor Advisory Board representatives recommended
and obtained tne inclusion in this draft of. the provision that - .
(*) Letter of Augiist 9, 1933, William Leiserson to William p. Farnsworth.
(IPA. files, Child Labor) .
9791
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"iTo 2-erson unr-er years of age piiall "be emjiloyed in the
trad§/indvGtry nor anyone ■under years of a{":e at opera-
tions or occixoatious liazardou? in nature or detrimental to
iiealtli. The Code Authority .shall submit to the Adiiiinistrator
hefore (date) a list of such occupations"
While no specific ages v;cre iaclufed, it vra.s ;_enerally understood that
reierence v/as ueinc made to 16 years as a general minimum and 18 years
as a minimum for hazardous occupations. It was in the Octohcr 25th
and llovcmber 6th, 19?3, drafts of the so-called "model" codes that these
a;;;;es were definitely inserted, ("''*)
The inclusio. . of this -provision in the model codes had. the iriimediate
effect of both standardizin;;-: the provision and brin£,-inr: to the fore the
problem of protecting young persoj:.s against hazardous erni^loyments.
The resiilting discussion of this provision within i'lRA administrative
circles led to its general introduction in codes. Six of the 16 codes
a''proved on October 3, 1933 had provisions establishing a higher minimum
in the case of iXazarcous occuoations . The number of codes containing
these clauses increased, considerably as tine went on. The codes did
not mention, however, the specific occupations from vmich minors ■under
Ic v/ere to be excluded but req-uired the code autliority to submit such
a list GO the Adiiinistration at fv I'lter date.
It is interesting to note, in passing, an incident in the develoi-)-
mont of these clsAises relating to hazardous occupations which illustrates
in p'.rt so'ie of the chj-ract eristics of the ad::ii-nistrative organization
withiii the HHA. The "model" code generall: used i7ithin H?Jl was at
first- the almost excliisive product of the Legal Division. -Beginning
with the Octooer 1, 1937- , draft, the Advisor-^ Boards participated to a
grea,ter exte-nt. I-Iowever, the A"oril 3, 1934 araft was produced complete-
ly by the Legal Divisio-.i on the basis of current drafts. In this case,
they sought to provide for an eighteen year age limit and for the
specific occupations at vmich jpsi'sons bety/een 16 and IS years of age
might be permitted to work. They had apoarently observed the length
of some of the lists of hazardous occup^ations for s'oecific industries
and had concl^uded, without consultatio-n with experts, that it vnuld b'e
easier to list the occu:iations at which perso'ns ■under IS yesijrs of age
might be permitted to v/or]":. The clause v/hich they recommended in this
issue read'--as follows: • • ■ ' ■
"llo -erso-n ■under eighteen (13) ye^ars of age shall be employed
(*) "Suj^gag.cecL Outline for Codec"-. (October 1; 1933 Draft.) Tlie ^Devel-
opment of Model Codes, strpta.
(**). "Sw^gested- Outline for Codes Including Some -Sw-.-gested General
Frovic-iQ-/:'s" - (October 25, 1933 Draft- - Mimeograph Requisition
2420). "Suggested Outline for Codes" - Signed by H. S. J-ohnson,
Admin IS tra.tDr for industrial Hecovery - (i'ovember 6, 1533 Draft,
- aih'eograph Requisition' 2592) , The Develo-ome-nt of the 'lodel Code-
supra. •
9791
-8-
in the industry- except as (list here sjiecific occupations such
as ofiice boyG, office girls, messengers, etc,), ilo person
under sixteen (16) years of age shall "be employed in the in-
dustry in any capacitjr. " (*).
The atove reconnendation drevr fire fron the Labor Advisor^r Board
and the Children's Bureau in particular. It vra,s -oointed out that this
provision is contrary to the convictions of all persons interested in the
child lahor problem. It had been agreed that the 16 year age limit vras
a sufficient minimum for general employment and that the 18 year limit
for hazai-dous occupations nas sufficient protection for minors, (*) In-
dustrie's ref-Lisal, in many instances, to consider the clause ;'-)roposed in
the above outline for code malting, the discouragevient of it by the staff
of the Labor Advisoi'^'- Bopa'd, and the genoralacceptance of the former
provision b;^ the administrative ;nersonnel undid the effect of the proposal
except in the snail number of codes -'here it r/as considered applicable
by all jOcarties.
Tlie fact that most of the codes ap; roved on and after lloveraber, 1933,
contained a -irovision considered adeq-aa,te for the ;orotection of younger
]ae rsons against enployrnent at hazardous acGupatioirs led the staff of the
Labor Advisory Board, during the latter part of 1934 and early 1935, to
attempt to amend the earlier codes to bring their standards up to the
level of established policj^, Tliree different tirnes of aiaendments ^jere
proposed to individual industries: the first provided for the inclxision
of the complete model code ^Trovisions for industries which merely prohi-
bited employment to persons under 16 years; the second requested the in-
clusion of a provision requiring the submission of lists of hazardous
occupa.tions to those industries, but did not mai^e any specific provision
for their definition in their codes; the third requested the inclusion
of a provision defining hazardous occti.pations and the requiring cer-
tification of age b;!- certificates. Letters rrere sent to the adminis-
trative officials in charge of each -code asking them to address the in-
dividiiol code authorities on the subject so as to bring about these
changes. The result of this effort was that 16 codes ^fere amended to
improve their original child labor provision to bi-ing them in line
with the standard -provision. (*) ivlany other similar amendments vrere
TH "Suggested Outline for U^e in Code Drafting," (Draft of April 3,
1934), The Development of the iiodel Code - supra,
(**) Letter of Clara i.i. Beyer, Director, Industrial Division, Children's
Bureau, U, S. Department of Labor to L, CKarshall, Assistant Ad-
ministrator for Policy, (June G, 1934), rRA files.
(***) Artificial ITlcer and Teather, Amendment 1; B'J.ilders Supply Trade,
Amendjient 2; Chinavrare and Porcelain, Amendment 5; Dress iianufac-
turing, Ar.iendment 7; Hair and Jute iPelt, A'lendinent 1; Lace Uanu-
facturing, Aiendnent 3; Legitimate Full Length Drajaatic and i.Iusi-
cal TheE,trical, Amendment 1; Umbrella, Amencjiient 2; TJallpaper,
Anend:ient 1; Beverage Dispensing Eqiiipment Indi,istr2A, Amendment 2;
Lime, Ajuendment 2; Cork, Amendment 3; Industrial Supplies and
iiachinery Distributors Trade, A'ien6:ment 3; i'.iachine Tool and Equip-
ment Distributing Trade, Anendjient 2; Construction I'achinery Dis-
tributing Trade, ATiendnent 2; Fullers Earth Producing, Ai-iendraent 1,
9791
pendin/j at the tiinc of tie inv.-^.lidation of tl'.e liHA.
C. Lxeuptions to Persons Undor 16 years of W.Q
The President's Scenploynient A.-jreenent set :l standprd for
exemptions froiii the 16 year a:;e minimuiii v/hidi was later copied in some
codes. Af. noted above it e::eaipted children betv.'een the ages of K!.- aJid
16 years '.vho were permitted to be eraoloyed in other than raanufacturinc
or r.icchanical industries for not more tiian three hours per day iDetv/een
7:00 A.M., and 7:00 P.H. , at such ■■-.•ork as ?;ould not interfere with the
hours of day school. Ad.'litional e::emptions in the form of P. 1-^. A. sub-
stitutions were granted' to the Advertising newspaper, ITev.'spaper and
Llafiasine Bis.tributing, the Da,ily ITewspaper and the Non-Metropolitan
Publishing-Printin^; and Printing; Industries. They were permitted to
employ'- any person under 16 years irrespective of age at the delivery
and s-le of newspapers, during the "nov/, established hours of such work
where such work docs not interfere v/ith hours of day school and if this
work cUd not impair the health of tiiese children". ,
1. Daily Hev^spaper Industry '' ., .
The above F~A substitutions bcca-ic the subject of much con-
troversy and h-ad groa.t influence. It may be well, therefore, to out-
line the evolution of this issue. Tlie newspaper publishers, in their
draft of a nroposed code, included provisions on child labor similar
to those contained in the P.?:.A. substitution for their industry. "-;aJiy
protests were heard against this proposal at the public hca,ring on
September 22-23, 1933 (Appendix B) ." The provision finally included in
the code was essentially simil-r to the P. 3. A. substitution. It per-
mitted publishers to cmi-iloy children of any age to deliver newspapers
if their he?lth was not impaired by such work, during such hours as
would not interfere with hours of day school; and to sell newspapers
during the hours of 7:00 A...., to 7:00 P. !•'.,, from October 1 to Majrch 31,
cr between 8:00 A.M., and 7:00 P.M., .from April -1 to September 30.
Hiey were also granted an e:;:emption for children between the ages of 14
to 15 years for non-mechanical work "for not more than three hours a
da;'' between 7:00 A.i>i., pjid 7:00! PeLi.-" In transmittin._; this code for ap-
proval over tiie protests of the Labor Advisory Board and various groups
interested in child labor, the Adrniiiistjrator declared that "it was found
difficult to forrai:).latc a provision which would eliminate admitted evils
in the lar.^e cities and .not impose uriduc .hardships in the smaller cen-
ters of publication". The :ii:drn.inistra,tor also .noted that "much street
selling will not be covered, by this code. Iviany minors who sell n.cvic~
pa.pers are employed by nevrs-agents or distributors v.rho will not be bound
bjr the code's previsions" (*)
(*) Codes of Fa.ir Oorf.jctition as approved, Oovornraent Printing Office
.Vol, VII, p. 76. Letter of transmittal, 3aily Newspaper Code,
9791
The President of the United Statf s, in ar)^Trovin,o; the code, de-
clared that -
"I am not satisfied with the Child LalDor Provis-ions. " In order
to review this sitiaation he called for "a snecial report and recom-
mendations in regard to the carrying out of the ■orovisions" to oe made
at the end of sixty daj'-s. He also instructed the "government members
of the Code Authority (to) give ■oarticiilar attention to the provisions
authorizing minors to delivi^r and sell ne^^sDa-oer? and . . . rer)ort
to the President not later than 60 days hence "(*)
The .studies conteraolated by the Executive Orner 'f the President
were conducted by the Children's Bureau of the IJ. S. tie-oartment of
Labor anc* by the Division of Research and Planning of the national "Re-
covery^ Administration. The -Children's Bureau survey was undertaken in
March, 1934. It surveyed 4,210 children under 16 years of age engaged
in the sale and distribution of newsnaners or magazines in 17 re-ore-
sentative cities in different t)arts of the country( *'") . The Division
of Research and Planning survey obtained its information from the riub-
lishers, advertising newp-oa.-oers ^nd various riublic agencies and -orivate
organizations interested in the -Droblem. Tiie Questionnaires to nei"s-
■oaiDers covered some 1,30R news^aners em'oloying 544, ?45 carriers and
street seller's, to advertising newsT)ar)ers and -oeriodicals included
9,182 newsToarjers and Tneriodicals emrjloying 214, 50^ carriers and sellers
(***). 3oth of these studies furnished, extensive pertinent information
on the T)roblera under considera,tion.
It was on the basis of the above investigations tha,t a rer)ort was
formulated under the direction of Hr. G-eor-ee Buckley, Division Admini-
strator, and forwarded to .the President on ^-lay 12, 1934 together with
the followinx recomiTiendations from the :^RA on amendments to be made to
the code: , . _
(l) Prohibition of delivery or sale of newsr)aT5ers by girls; (2)
■brohibition of delivery or s;-le of newsTpaners by boys under fourteen
years of age, t>rovided that in cities under 100, "'T iJopulation, boys
twelve years of age and over -oresently emr)loyed in sellirig or de-
livering newsnar)ers may continue in sugh emrployme'nt; (3) limitation of
hours which may be worked to four hours per day; (4) retention of the
■orovisions of Article V, Section 1 (b) of tne code to regulate the hours
between which the boys may sell newspapers ; (5) prohibition of delivery
by boys bet"'een the hours of 7:00 P.M., ^nd 6:0^ A.I.i. , from October 1
to March 31 and between, 8:00 P.M., and 6:00 A.Ii. , from Anril 1 to Sent-
ember 30; (6) provision of supervision of boys under sixteen years of
age delivering and selling newsp'^pers by providing for filing with the
Department of Labor or other state or local agency, a certificate show-
ing that the boy is at least fourteen years old and tliat his parents
(*) ibid., p. 69. Executive Order of Approval, (February 17, 1934).
(**) Unite'" States Department of Labor, Children's Bureau, "Children
Engaged in Newspaper and Magazine Selling and Delivering," Pub 1 i -
cation /To. 227 ( '"ashington, 19l"r)) , G-overnment Pririting Office.
(***)Kational "Recovery Administration, Division of Research and "Planning,
"Newspaper and Periodical Carriers and Street Sellers" by S-nencer
^, Reed, (May 7', . 1934) . "".R.A. files.
S791
-11^
conr^ent to the enTOloyaent, ^-nd (?) retenfi.'on of the -nrovisions in the
code that the sale and delivery of ne'^s'i'"'-^e:^s >;ia..y not he en;.:fi,°:ed in for
children -onless it may "bf=' done without ia■'^airaent of health or without
interference of the hour? of day school ( ^) .
The Sec-^etary of Labor, "'is? France?- ''^orkins, in revie'"ing these
reconimendations, declare'^ th;t she was "he'^rtily in fpvo':' of" then.
She declared th-t "if r-OTroved , I believe they ^'-ill i-'ine out most of
the evils of child labor in news■Da'^e^ distribution anc pserve as the only
effective control of this work our co^mtry pver has lcno"Tn." She indi-
cated that -
"The investigators . . . ■'"'ho intervie\"'ed inrny circulation
mana,::ers in connection with this study report a general feel-
ing that a child labor restriction under the code for the news-
•oa-oer business is as n^'.tura.! a.s regulation in other industries.
Some of the managers have anticl-oated such control a,nd_have
fixed a 16 year age mini mu:;i for- all ne:' carriers and sellers
taken on. I believe a 14 year minimuin, -o-rticularly when
counled with a rirovision that boys of 12 now. en^a-red as car-
riers may continue their ■"'ork, will be considered a reason-
able restriction."
The modifier tions stagger ted by the Sec-etary of Labor were: (l)
elimination of the 18 year minimum for girls and general iDrohibition
of such emmlojrment for all girls: (2) "r)rohibition of delivery or sale
of newsTJa^oers by boys under fear teen years of .age provided that boys of
12 and over engaged in the delivery of newspapers as of May 1st may
continue such work"; (o) reduction of four hours to three hours; (4)
the restriction of hours of sale of newsnopners should be arj-olicable to
all r)ersons irrespective of age; (5) the restriction of hours of de-
livery of ne-"st)a-r)ers should be arj-olicaule to all -oersons irresioective
of age; (5) with res'oect to the age certification provision, it was
suggested that the United Stat'^s De-nartmont of Labor be given the
•nower to designate the state and local officials who are to enforce this
■orovision. Furthermore, she raconmended a -oublic hearing during the
first week of Jtine.(**)
An anno-ohcement w»s made on Jime 8, ig''4 of a -oublic hearing to
take place on June 22, 19o4.' She lorcTOsal considered at the -oublic
hearing with res'oect to the sale and. delivery 'of news-na-oers was the
following:
"!'o establishment shall eminloy girls under 18 or boys under
14 years of age to sell or deliver newspaners or sr 11 to or
furnish such persons ne^s^a.pers for the ^urriose of resale or
delivery; provided tha.t boys between 12 and 14 yea-^s of age
engaged in delivery of newspapers on . may con-
tinue to be so engaged; nrovid<^d further thnt, establishments
(*) G-eortie Buckley's mcmbr'^nduin' to t^ie Ad/dnist- ' tion on ''ay IS,
19^''. (Apiiennix C).
(**) Letter of i'iss Frances Perkins, Sec:^et^',ry of Labor, to the Presi-
dent of the United States, "'ay IB, IGo'^. (IIHA Files, Daily IJew-
9791 paper Code - Child La". or.)
-12-
may -nerrait the sale/or delivery of news'OPpers by boys ■under
16 year? of age "ho may be eranloyed under the "orovisions of
tlie paragraph or to ""horn this n.' r- granh -oermits the sale or
furnisaing of ne"'sioaT)e""s for the ■oiirt)Ose of rf^sale or rie-
livery, ps hereinafter provided but not otherwise:
"1. To sell or deliver ne^'spaperr not nor'^ than three
hoiirs a day on school days and not more than four hours
a day on otVier days, whe^e such wor't may be done I'dth-
out impairment of health and '"'ithout interference with
the hours of day school.
"?. To sell ne^^'spapers bet^feen the hours of 7:'*^^ A.M.,
and 7:00 P.Li,, from October 1 to ^iarch .'^l, and between
7:00 A.M., f-nd 8:00 P.L:. , from April 1 to September 30.
"3. jl^ca boy shnll obtain from a, state or local official
designated by the Secretary of Labor a -nermit or badge
showing th=5t the boy is oualified to sell or deliver
newspapers under the provision of this paragraph. "
The attitude of the newspa.ner publishers is best exemplified by the
resolution adopted on June 11, 193'J:, at the meeting of the code com-
mittee. It sumnarizes ve^y adequately the arguments and position of the
group. It read as follows:
"WHEREAS, On June ^th, the ^."R^A. proposed certain
modifications of Article V, Section 1 of the Code for
the Daily >Ie"'spaper Publishing Btisiness and designated
such proposals for jrablic hearing on June 22, 1934;
and
"'TIIE'REAS , No provision of the Daily Newsr)aper 'Code wag
given more careful consideration than the provisions
respecting the sale and delivery of newspapers by
■ minors; and
"^HE^JEAS , Certain of the changes proposed, if accepted,
would not only seriously disturb the normal delivery
of daily newspap' rs to their subscribers but, more ira-
riortant, would injuriously affect many thousands of
newspa.r)er boys who are now using their earnings for
the necessities of life or for assistance to other
members' of their families, or for sa,vings for future
educational requirements; and
"'"HP'EAS, Boys who distribute newspapers outside of
school hours without detriment to health or studies
are not in any sense of the word engaged in Child
Labor; and
iir'trpp-q^^g ^ The proposal to register news-oaper boys and
compel them to wear licensed badges is not a plan ,
9791
-13-
I'itlj. newE!-r^a>iL-r ooy vork; 'ni'
II ^IZPJjii-S , The Ijcensf'ri "o^'dire 3?/s ter.i, "-herepvf^"^ trie'"" ,
h^s dfvelo-oed into -> le>:Pl nr^chini^ i3 ovoid of h-uman
kindnes?, cavising hi'Lidrec's of vj'noceGr-'~-'"y arrests,
pnd ept'^ jlishing rnif-Tir juvfnile court rpcordR; -■nd
""WHZL^AS, iie licenped b.-^.-^-e sypteir. '••'ould tenri to Til^ce
hundred? of thousands of boys imder the direct sianpr-
vision and control of thp ^^ederal \'epartrnent of' Labor,
£t great cost to the t.ax--iayc-r -'ithout corres-nondinfl;
benefit; therefore be it '
"RTSOLV?'^, -That, the Code Coi.inittee reT.resenting the
American ""e-soaner "ubliphe-'s As?ociation "nd the Re-
gional Aj^sociation of daily ne'"ST)ar)'=r publishers
reaffir.Ti its a-oT.rovnl of Section V of the Code for
the Dail:/ TTe^wsTjaper Publishing: 'business and inform
the Na-tional Hecovery Administration of its 'Hsaio^roval
of the -ororjosals for modification thereof." (*)
At the I'ublic hearing the riuolishers elaoorated this T)Osition in
considerable detail. Much of the testimony centered about the educa.-
tional advantares of the newsoaiper selling <' nd deliver?/ to the younger
r)erson. ^\e high mark of the pre'^entp tion wps reached 'o}/ a demonstra-
tion of the 'ctual i^o-^k of the ne'"sp."per deliver;/ boy.
The pro-oonents of the am.endment consisted of Department of Labor
officials a? well as rer>resentr. tivcs of the ITational Child Labor Com-
mittee, various organiza.tions of public n ture concerned with nroblems
of education and iFbor organizf^ tions. A general endorsement was heard
of the "oroposed a.mendment as reasonable and feasible. The discussion
of the proponents was intended to demonstr'ite the desirability of nro-
hibiting young girls from selling and delivering newsToaners , of re-
gulating the age of. boys who sell or deliver newspp.pe-^s and instituting
a system of certification of the eli,eribility of news-op-rier carrier? r-nd
sellersC '''. .
(*) Letter from America.n "ews-na-oer Publishe-'-s Association "To _A11
Assenting Membe-^s of the Co'^e for the T-^ily "'ewspnpe-f- ■Publishing
Pusiners," signed, "'"or the Code Coa,.ii ttee" by Howard Davis, Chairman,
and L. 3. Palmer, Acting Secretary, ,'-.ine 11, 1334, Few York.
{'}1A Files, Daily "vews-oa-oer Code - Chil^-' Lajor).
(**) rational Industrial -.ecover"' A'L-.inist:^r tion ^"earings on the '^ranhic
Artp-''^ewsr)ar)pr Publishing i^'isiness, "S- le and Delivery of Hews ^'''^ per s
by Kinor?" - (J-one ?3, 197^ - ? -"^olsO "■''^■A i^iles.
9791
-14-
FolloiFin-"' the -^"ablic herrin;?. r.ejoti" tion? ^'eve conducteri with tJie
re"oresent- ti'^rps of the mitliFhers .'no the -^.A Aovi?o:'y lo'ir'"? Pn' the
'DenPrt.^ent of L-^oor. Sone fornul^ w-'.s sought which- the ■otihlisherr- woulr'
pn^TOvr, but which woial('' also re-orepent p sig'nificrnt gain in the ■oro-
tectiori of c'.iilcl workers in the cTelivery " nd s^le of ne"'sr)a-'-)e'»'?. '''he
discussion hegan with p -ovihlj shers '' dr?ft of July, est^hlishinf? in the
selling of ne^-'s-nr-oers, no P'^e limit for cities unc^e-^ P-5,0<^'0 -nonulPtion
and a nininraa,-of 1"^ yer^rs for hoys ptxC 13 years for girls in citie^ of
^5, '^00 ■oo-nul.'^tion or If r^er. The iDrotection for Ijoys delive^^ing -napers
was less .cora->lete (Tsble l).
''Various ■pro-nosnls w^re devploned out of a, nun'^je"" of conferences
which culrainate'l in the -"cvenher l^th draft suhnitte-! hy 'Ir. S. "'.
Williams, Secret' ry of the Code Authority (Atinendix D) . This nronosal
set a 12 year mini.-num for delivery hoys "dth an exce'ition for hoys be-
tween 10-1? years now distributing news^aners ir. cities of 50,000 or
less, '^hile it est._»''::lished a 3 hotirs majiimun for school days, no linit
was set for other days. The sale of news"oa-ners wPS li.nited to 14 year
old boys in cities of over 50,' >'"'" -^^ )->:ula.tion and to 12-14 ye^v old boys
in cities under th'-t size. Provision war ^::6e for a certificate system.
However, the most controve:rsial issue was the coverace clause which read
"Publishers shall uce their oest endeavors to see thiat the
"orovisions of this section are otase'^ve'' b^^ those who 'dis-
tribute their newsr)arierp. "
The l^TRA was e- .ver to obtain speedy jiction and therefore acce-'ited
the fbove ■oro-'^osals. The only definitive cna-a.e considered essential
to having the amendment a-nrsroved by the Administrator was the following
clause defining the r)ersons ■ covered 'jy trie regulation:
"For the "ourt)Oses of tuis section, but for no other -nurriose,
TDersons under 16 years of age who obtain newsnaoers directly
from the publisher for the ■'■'uroose of sale and /or deli'"'ery there-
of shall je deeme'^ to be emnlojefl b?/' the publisher. "
This "provision w^c ripene" necesprry in or''er to be sure that boys,
who we'f'e sellinf^ on their own account or ^"'ho we-^e dellverin-'^ unde"^ the
little merchant system where title nasses to tne ooy, would be covered
by the code. ;A limita.tion was also "orbTOsed on the hours of work for
the sale and deljve-^y of ne^'sna'ne'^s on S-^turdays, Sundays and holidays
(*) Letter of '"ir. Jac: 1. Tate, Acting division Administrator, to ''r.
S. '/L "'illiams. Secretary of the Code Authority for the Daily
7ewsT>ar)er Publishing "3upinesa, ('Toveraber 21, 19^54-). ( """lA Files,
D'-'ily Kewso'iTer Code, - Child Labor, Ser)terabpv-December , 19?'-.';.
9791
-15-
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-19-
These -nrorjosal':; ^"cr^ seat out to the r,?'-pntinfr ouolrshprs on Nov-
ember 24, 19'^4 (*). The rer)lieR ^Mch "'e-'V' receivor'' c'uring the Irttf^r
nart of recein'oer '"ere preponrlernntly ne^'itivr.
"?he bf'Sis of objection !• -p s.-^.icl to je the belief tiiat, under various
stpte la^'s, the a^'o-otion of this provision vo\xlcl entail adriitional
obligf-ticns under the '^or'ciien' s co;:i-^ens' tion lf>rs" (**).
Several conferences vfere helc! '-'ith the varioar officials ^nd a subj-
stitute -Dro^^osal T^as develobed, But this su^;geetion -ras unacce-ntable to
the industry. At the H/irch 7, 1935 ;neetir:g' of the Core Authority, at
the sugeeption of the Division Adrainistrator, a coinir.ittee was a-n-^ointed
by the code authority to discuss this' -^roblen 'vith the ."PA and the De-
•oartaent of Lf.bor with a vieiv to arrivi'n^: at a substitute nrovision, A
tentative substitute ^^ra.? agreed UDon by 'ii'ss Lenroot of the Children's
Jureau of the Unitec- States iJe^artrnent of Labor anc'' L'r. I^lisha Hanson,
Counsel of the Corie AathoT-ity. It -'eao ;
Publishers sha.ll not furnish c'-irt^ctly nor s-ell ne^i^s-oa-oers to
r)ersons below the ages above sr^ecified for tlie 'rar'oose of re-
sale and/or delivery thei'-eof under conditions contrary to the
above conditions" (***).
^Qirrever, at a lat'^'r conference x'rith 'iss Jjenroot on "'arch 26, 1935,
changes ""ere agreed u^non concerning the .'bove "orovision and unon the
■neriod in vhich certific tes rnight be T)ermittec' to be obtained, '"^ith
these changes,- the Taro-oos-'-'l -"-as c'istributed on "'ay 1, 1935 to the as-
senting members of the ne^^s^a-oer code r'ith a re^TOrt of the coraini ttee of
the code authority '-hich "stron-"ly (urge'") u-aon -nublishers its accer)t-
a.nce" (A-or)endix T.) . The resvdt'- of this b-'^llot i-ar^ as follo-fs: 647 for
the amendment; 139 agai;ar,t tue r mendsnent; 6 defective ballots pnd 395
not voting m'^mbers (***).
(*) Only daily ne^^'s-ia^ers subscribing or assenting to the cor'e '-ere
bound by the Daily •iTe"'S"oa,rie- Publishing J^iisiness Code. The
others might aprent to the ^ra-ohic Arts Code.
(**) Letter o^ L. C. ■'"-rshall, P.xecutive Secrat?ry, national Indus-
trial Recovery 3o; rd to Prances Per'^ir.s, Secret-' ry of L'^bor,
(March 11, 1935). ( j-RA Files, Bailv l!e"'sr)a.ner Code, Child
Labor, 1955).
(***) Re-Qort of ;.(eeting ^-ith Ne"^s-;a-oer Code Aathority Comnittee,
Marcn 25, 1935 and 'iss TCatnerine Lenroot. ('"lA Files, Daily
l'Te"sr)ar)er Code, Child Labor, 1935).
(****) Letter fro.i S. !:. "illiams, Secretf^ry of the Code Authority
for the Daily Me"''sioa':ier Publishing Buri.iess, to N''tional Re-
covery Administration - June 1, 19'"5. (Ar)r)endix F) .
9791
V
\
-20-
The ■oro'DOsal which T'^s finally acce"otPo -rear! a? follows:
"SECTIOIT 1. Puhlishe-^s shall not ermloy -oersoiip unc^er 16
years of rge to sell .-nd/or deliver news-oa-oers nor furniph
or sell newsTja-oer's to riersons under 16 years of :-ge for the
purpose of resale or delivery, except those who ar-e ahle
without irrmairrnent of health or interference i"ith hours of
day school;
"(a) to deliver newspapers on routes; ■orovided that no
pe-^sons under 12 ye-: rs of age shall .e so engaged under
this section, except that -nersons between 10 and 12 years
of age so engaged on the effective date hei'eof in cities
of 5O,")00 rjopulation or less may continue to deliver on
routes in such cities. On school days no nerson engaged
in such 'Work "onder this section sfell \>e so engaged for
more than 3 hours. The hoiirs for deliv* ry shall he be-
tween 7 a.m. and 7 p.n. from October 1st to "feirch T^lst,
and between 7 a.m. and 8 P.m. from April 1st to Sept-
ember 30th.
"(b) to sell newspaper?; provided that no -nersons under
14 years of age shall be so eng' ged under this section,
' except that -nersons bet'"'een 12 and 14 years of age nay
be so engaged in cities of 50, ''00 population or less.
■On school days no person engaged jn selling under this
section shall be so engage^^ for more than 4 hours. The
hours for street sales shall be between 7 a.m. and 7 p.m.
from October 1st to March 31st, and bet'-'een 7 a.m. and
8 r.m. from April 1st to September 30th.
"(c) A publisher shall reouire from ef^ch person employed
by him to sell and/oi' deliver newspapers and from each
person to whom he sells newspaners for resale or delivery,
where such person is under 16 years of f ge, a certificate
signed oy the r)arent or guardian fnd b?/. the school attended
by such person as evidence th' t he is of nualified age to
sell and/or deliver newspapers under the nrovisions of
this section. In the case of a person entering ur)on such
work during the school year, a pe''"iod of 15 days shall be
allowed for him to obtain and furnish the signature of the
school on such a certificate. In the case of a person
entering ur)on such work during school vacation, a similar
period of 15 da,ys after the ooening of school shall be
alleged him to obtain the school signature.
"(d) Publishers shall not employ femt-ile minors to sell
and/or deli^'er newspaper-^, nor shall riublishers furnish
newspa.pers to female minors for resale or' delivery.
"(e) Publishers shall not furnish or sell neT'sna^ers to
any nerson for the purpose of resale or delivery under
conditions contrary to the foregoing provisions contained
9791
.on,
-21-
in ?u'b--r)F,ragr?i^iis (-) to (c*) inclusive of thispectii
Publislip^-? shall include ps a rjprt of every contract or
agreement "'ith any ■'lerson, •nartnei'shi-n, coroor'^.tion or
association for the distrihutioa of their newspa-oers a
•orovision renuiring such per-=on, -oartnershio, . cor-nor^-
ticn or association to observe the -orovisionn , of sub-
t)ara;grar)hs (-i) to (ci) inclusive of this section in res-
■oect of the sale and/or delivery of ne^'S-of'-ners by
■oersons under 16 ye-Ts of age.
"(f) Publishers :nay eiroloy -oersons under 16 years of age
for other nrrt time services, but not in manufr cturin^^
and mechanical de-oartments , for not more than ? hours
■oer day bet"-een 7 a.m. rnd 7 n, i. excerit during hours
of day school, "orovided that no ^^e^son under 14 years
of age shnll be so emnloyed."
^hile it i^'?is nro-oosed, on June o, 195r:, to the National Recovery
Board that it was -nossible to rmend the code in the manner outlined in
the amendment {*) , no -action ^^as taken.
The long discussion had- led to an agreement, but it "'as never P~y-
nli-ed because of the invalidation of the ."^.A. • ;.,
Directly associated ^^fith. the above history "'as that for the G-raT)hic
Arts Code. The child labor nrovisions v'ere to be identical. The -oro-
visions ado-oted in- the he'^rsTDarier industry T;ere also to aT)"ily to the
grat)hic arts industry.
2. Retail Code Tr-oun
rJith rpsr)ect to the exem-ntions granted in the. PlB tail Code, the
development in the Retail Code should be rrcounted. The original code,
as, presented by the National Retail Dry Gppds Association, contained no
provision on child labor. Moreover, the ^'Tage differential for persons
under 18 years of age in the code esta jlishing a lo'"er minimum wage for
them might hrve been en incentive for their . employment (**). The Nation-
al Child Labor Committee Protested this provision in a letter to the Ad-
ministrator on June 30, 19.'^3 and called for a prohibition of t/.e employ-
ment of persons under 16 years of age. (***) Hovrevcr, the drrf t_ of
July«29, 1933, presented by the Retail Trade Associr^ tions , adopter^ the
P.R.A. clause. '•".
'(*) Letter 'of Jack R. Tate, Divisian Administrator, to Donald Richberg
on June 3, 1935, on amendment to the code for the Dfily Fe^spaper
Publishing Business. " (ITRA Riles, Daily '/eL^spa-ner .Code, Ciiild Labor
1935).
(**) ¥ev York Times - June 17, 1933.
(***)Letter of ITatiorial Child Labor Coriittee to r^eneral Hugh S. John-
son, June 30, 1933. (ITRA Files, Child Labor).
9791
-22-
It provided that -
"No TDerson under the a^-e of sixteen years shall
be erncloyed in a retail establishnjent, exce-ot
that persons "between the ages of fourteen and
sixteen years raay "be employed for n»t to exceed
three hours per day and these hours "between
7 a.m., and 7 p.m., in such work as will not
interfere with hours of day school" (*) ,
All available evidence sus;f'ests that it was drafted with the coopera^
tion of the NEA officials in charge of the particular industry (**),
In the August 24th draft, followine- the public h^arin^'s, the following
addition was made: : ,
"It is provided, however, that where a state law
prescribes a higher minimum age no employer shall
employ within such state any person below the age
specified by such state law" (***).
It is interesting, in this connection, to note the attitude of the
administrative official in charge of the codes for the mercantile in-
dustries. In answer to triso- Children' s Buraaii recommendation for the
elimination of the 14 and 16 year exemption, he declared -'
"Only kindness and helpfulness can result from the
fact that children between fourteen and sixteen
years of age will be allowed to work outside of
school hours" (****). ' •
Repeated efforts were made by the staff member^-- of the Labor Ad-
visory Board to have these exemptions ^emoved but to no avail. Freauent
appearances were made before the code authorities to ehlist their aid, and
in a few cases the administrative officials heartilv supported this effort,
but no .sfi'.-.itc moves were taken by the appropriate code authorities,
11. COD'S PROVISIONS ON CHILD LABOR
The review of NRA policy furnishes a background for the study of the
results. The adoTtion by NRA and industry of the policy of eliminating child
(*) Proposed Code of Fair Competition for the Retail Trade, proposed by
six National Retail Arsociations - Hist-^ry o.f the Code of Fair
Competition for the Retail , Trade, p. 386.
(**) ibid. p. 31.
(***) proposed Code of Fair Competition for the Retail Trade, proposed by nine
National Retail Associations.- ibid. "D. 395.
(****)Let_ter_ from A. D, Whiteside, Division Administrator, to Miss Grace
Abbott, Chief, Children's Bureau, .December 22, 1933. (NRA Files -
Child Labor.) .' ' -. I ,
9791
-23-
labor from industrial ermDloyments led to the inclusion in all NRA codes of
some limitation on the eraiDloyinent -of children. The early cod^s had lesss
extensive -Drovisions than did the later ones, but a minimum age for em-
oloyraent was es-ta^lished in .■■'I'l. 'The general minimum a^e "fas 16 years. In
fact, 527 of ths 576 podes, 91 percent, adoiDted ' this minimum (Table II),
However'j 49'cod?s set minima above these a^es. 0+' thesO', three codes, Clean-
ing and -Dyeing, Laundry Trade, Hu^ Chemical Procer.sina-, specified a 17
year a^,e limit. The mirs .numerous ^v^xm, 45 industries, ijrescribed an 18
yeaf as;e limit for all emr)loyees. The latter codes may be divided into
two .categories. The first class of 14 industries set a flat minimum of 18
years for all -oersons irresoectiv ■•of occuoation (*). The second class,
•'consisting of 32 industries, set a_flat minimum of 18 years for all em-
■Dloyees but exemrited 'Yom this minimum, office boys and frirls, clerical
workers, lab'^ratory workers and service ^^rouos which frenerally included the
so-called "white-collar workers" in offices, brine-ing these jobs \inder the
16 year a^e minimum (**). ' '^he latter industries include some of the most
f rduous em-oloyments.. ...
.. Si.Tteen codes -oro'vided exemptions from the 16 year age requirements
for s-oecific lasses, of .workers. Probably' tlie..most common orovision is that
contained in the Retail Trades Industries. It nermits r)ers':'ns between the
years of 14 andl6 to be e-mDloyed outside o-f school hours betw-'^-^n 7:00 A.M.,
and 7:00 P.M., for three hours a -day or six day's a week or eight hours on
One day a week. This provision may also iie.i'ound in the codes for the
following- industries: Retail Trade, Retail 'Tobacco , Retail Piod and Crocery,
Retail Jewelry, Retail Earm Eauiisment, Fap'er Distributing, Retail .Trade in
Hawaii, and Savings, Building and Loan Associations. The second type may be
fo'und in the recreatio'n"an6 service trades-, where talented child'ien are em-
•nloyed for s-oecial rol.es.. In this grouc are' the Legitimate Theater, Motion
Picture,' Radio Broadcasting, Photogra-ohic and Photo Finishing and Music
Publishing Industries. 'The codes for these industri-»s exem-ot the a:ctor,
children of talent, .the .model o^ the young Derformer, de-oending on, the
nature of .the services recuired in the industry where they fill a role
(*) 'Quicksilver; Concrete Masonry; Concre'te Pine; Slate Industry;
Natural Clpft Stone;.. Pyrotechnic Mahilfa'cturing; Railway Brass
' Car;' Distilled Spirits; Distilled Snirits Rectifying; Wrecking
and Salvaf'e; Burlesoue Theatrical; Alcoholic Beverage Imnortin^;
Wioing Cloth; Coal Dock.
(**) CoD'^'er and Brass Mill Products; Lead; Nickel and Nickel Alloys;
Co-DDer; Aluminum; Alloys; Zinc; Lime; Talc and Soa-pstone; Manu-
facturing-in Hawaii; Liquified Gas; Lvunbcr; Tifoven Wood Fabric
Shade; pharmaceutical and Biological ; Shovil, Dragline and
Crane; Mechanical Packing; 'Electric Hoist and Monorail; Refri-
gerated Warehousing; Urn -realla FrPme and Hardware; S'o'^cialty
Accounting Su-oioly; Electric and Neon Sign; Book Publishing;
Corrugated Rolled-Metal Culbert PiTje; Inland Water Carrier;
Household Goods Stora^^e and MovinP'; Toll Bridge; Surgical
Distributors; Alcohol Bever^-ee TTholesale; Optical Wholesale;
Secondary Steel Products WareHousin.g; Builders SuTDDly; China Clay.
9791
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-26-
esTDecially Drenared for the child, xjarts which r^aiJ-ire the. g.eryices.pf a
child. In these cases, aToi^roval of the annrOTDriate state officials is
required "by fhe code -orovision, "but it may be noted few states' have oro-
vision for such su-oervision. The third class .includes th^. Daily. News-oaiDer,
Graphic Arts and Graphic Arts of Hawaii Industries. In these codes there
is no age minimum for children engaged in'the delivery of newspapers outside
of school hours between 7:00 A.M., and 7:00. P.M.. ,- .from Octoh.er 1st to
March Slst and between 7:00 A.M., and 8:00 P.M., from April 1st to September
30th; and permits children between the ages of 14 and 16 years to wor'c at
non~raanufacturing part-time employments between. 7:00 A.M., and. 7:00 P.M<,
foi three hours per day outside school hours (*).
Kot only were employees und^r 16 years prohibited from being employed,
but in 444 codes, there was also an additional prohibition against the
employment "of persons of less than specified higher' ages at all ' hazardous
occupations or. specifically defined hazardous, occupations in the industry.
Two of these set the minimum for such occupations at 17 years; 4r'6 at 18 yean
1, at 20 years; and 5, at' 21 years. The 17 years ap:e minimum '^as established
for hazardous occupations in the Bituminous Coal and Shoe Rebuilding In-
dustries, The 20 year minimum was set in the Fur Bre'^'sing and Fur Dyeing
Industry, while the' 21 year minimum was established in the Proce'ssed or
Refined Fish Oil, Bedding, Salt, Motor Bus and Bituminous Road Materials Dis-
tributing Industries. In addition, a minimum of 21 years was established by
the Household Goods Storage and Moving Industry for' drivers of motor vehicles
(Appendix G) . . ....
In the above industries the codes frequently required a list of
hazardous occupations- to be submitted to the Administration to define the oc-
cupations prohibited to persons under this higher miniraxim age. In all, 331
of the 394"codes setting a higher minimum for hazardous occupations, but not
specifically defining such occupations in the code-, required that such a list
be submitted, generally by ^he Code Authority to the Administration. In 8
cases these lists were to be submitted to the Code Authority and no provisioji
was made for further reference to the Administration. In 52 industries these
lists were to be approved by the Administrator or the National Industrial ' ^
Recovery Board. In the other cases, these lists had to be submitted by the '
Code Authority to the Administration wnic'h would acknowledge only those which
it approved.
The Labor Advisory Board sought to attain general uniformity in the
child labor provisions of the codes, but this goal was not reached at the time
of the invalidation of the KRA. The "model" codes in use in NRA did help to
attain a considerable degree of uniformity of provisions. 'Except for the
comparatively few cases where no protection was given against the employment
of persons under 18 at hazardous occupations, the provisions in the codes were
on the whole, similar and complete, NRA policy was renerally reflected in the
code provisions on child labor.
(*) See discussion on pp. 15-16, 18, 20, 26
9791
-P7"
III. DETuLOFMEKT OF DEFIFITIOIIS OF IL4ZA:D0TTS OCCUPATIOl^lS
Th3 sixteen year miniTnum required no more implementation. Each em~
Dloyer was aware of nis exact o"bli- ations. This was not true-'^ith regard
to the hazardous occupation.-. So'ne 331 codes reauired lists of hazardous
occuDations to he suh^iitted, Thet''^ lists were intended to d'='fine, in terms
of the operations of th = indvistry, the occutiations S'o'^cif ical"! y T^rohibited
to persons under the s-oecifie'd ase« These had to be silbmitted by the
various :ode authorities within d=>f Inite time -oeriods; 87, within a 30 day
■oeriod; 1!^1 within a 60 clay period; 73 within a 90 day period find 8 within
a six months' period. Tiie'iv? codes ei+her specified "reasonable" time as
a limit or n'^ specific date (Tabic- II). Few code authorities strictly
complied with th^se ti'tne' r'eouirements. The' .greater number delayed these " •
reports for several months. ■ In sora^ cases, trie final list was not approved
for more than a year after the original date.
9791
-28"
Some part of the d§lay '''cs inherent in reouiring the submission of a
list '"'itnin so short e. period vhen the res^^onsihle code authority'' had not
completed its organization. Many code authorities nere unfamiliar v;ith
the manner in ': hich to ;^roceed, nor v/ere the exact requirements or stand-
ards clear to them. Some advice and guidance nas necessary. The IJEA had,
moreover, not definitively developed its ovai standards.
The Lahor Advisor]'- Board staff took the firrt steps tov;ard develop-
ing a method of assisting code authorities in this r7ork. An arraa-ement
developed in i'overaber, 1933, hy the Lahor Advisory Board, provided that
the latter V'as to request the Industrial Division of the Cliildren's Bureau
to develop, through its Advisory Committee on Sm-olo^'-raent of i.'inors in
Hazardous Occupations, appropriate lists for each industry. The latter
used, as a "basis for its recommendations, the report issued in 1932 repre-
senting the unanimous concliisions of this Committee aa to the hazardous
occupations in industrj^, supplemented "by the availa'ble material nhich could
"be obtained for specific industries. These recommendations of the Advisory
Committee were considered to "be a highly satisfactory "base from r/hich to
start. They represented the findings of some 19 persons professionally
concerned T;ith the problems of accidents and disease in industry as they
affect all worlcers in general, and child uorkers in particular. (*)
The recommended lists of hazardous occupations sent oy the Children's
Bureau vrere transmitted to the industiy thro'Ogh the La"bor Advisor;^ Board
and the Deputy Administrator. (**)
( *) IIRA Studies Special Exhi'bits TJork i^aterials iP. 45
(**) Office kemorandura i:p 240 (June 28, 1934)
"OCCUPaTIOFS U:"SUITED to PERSOilS U1D3H jUIG-HT^iill' (1G) YEAHS OP AGS"
"Attention is called to Codes r-hich contain -orovisions reouiring the Code
Authority to file vith i3JA lists of all occupations '.vhich are unsuited to
minors under eighteen (18) years of age.
"Each Industry Division i/ill prepare a reisort listing all Codes containing
such -orovisions, and indicating '.Thether or not Code Authorities have filed
the required lists. These reports \7ill be transmitted to the office of the
Assistant Administrator for Field Admini stration. A weekly Divisional
report indicating action ta!:en toward the submission of required lists, and
the status of newly approTod Codes in regard to the above provisions will
b.e submitted to the office of the Assistant Administrator for Field Admin-
istTation.
"It is the duty of Deriuty Administrators to call to the attention of Code
Authorities the obligations v^hich they have assumed under the codes in re-
spect to submitting lists of occupations UJisuited to minors under eighteen
(18) years of age.
"Code Authorities v/ill be urged to submit such lists at the earliest prac-
ticable date. T7hon received these lists v;ill be transmitted to the Labor
Advisor^'- Board for review.
(Footnote Continued on next page)
9791
There was also sent to each code atithority, a coioy of a prepared
statement ■■hich eicolained the natiire of the protilCim and the obligations
assiomed by the code ruthori t,y. (*) This statement was intended to fami-
liarize the memhers v;ith the character of the list, its purpose, methods
"hy -Jhich it T7as to be furtliet developed and the procedure in IJT!A for con-
sidering these lists. It v/rs pointed out that it was highly desirable for
each industry to list these occu-'^ations as emplo^'ers assumed, under the
code, 'the direct obligation not to employ persons under the specified age
at hazardous occupations. It was felt desirable to have a specific list
approved or aclmorle&ged by the Administration to direct and define the
employer's obligations, and to guide the court in tpking official cogni-
zance 'of the list as administrative determinations of ".'hat was reauired
under the code.
During the existence of the IJriA. 298 lists v;ere furnished to indus-
tries which had codes reaxiiring the submission of such a list, and 57
such lists V'ere submitted vcoqxi request to industries v/nich were not re-
qtiired to send in lists of hazardous occupations for their respective
industries (Table III). .One hundred a.nd t''.ent:f-eight lists \:ere trans-
mitted to code authorities in tne eouipment and fabrica.ting group, includ-
ing cases T/here codes were not reauired to present such lists.
Very little opposition p^opeared to these s"cV:'gested lists of hazard-
ous occupations. They were generallj'- adopted in toto 'oy the Code Author-
ity. In some cases, additions were made to them bv the code authority,
based on the more intirarte acouaintance \7ith the industry by the members
of the code authority. Severa,l industries reauested that they be furnish-
ed with specific data sup"oorting the recoi.imendations. In all such inrtan-
ces^ original' data developed '^J the Advisory Committee of tlie Department
of Labor were transmitted to the various industries, together with such
recent materials as had a,ppeared. Only in the ctise of two occupations,
did any really serious problems appear. They T;;ere the delivery boys on
trucks and the off bearers of woodworking machinery. Despite the abundance
of infcrm.aiion supporting the conclusions of the Committee, members of one
code autho'ity were reluctant to incorporate these occupations in the
approved lists as their inaivic^:-aal experience did not support the statisti-
cal findings presented b- the Committee. Eowever, these same occupations
(*) IIBA Studies S^oecial Exhibits '/ork ivlaterials rJo. 45.
(**) (Continued from T>revious 'ga'g,e)
"After consideration of the recommendations of the Labor Advisory Board
and after such conferences with the Code Authorities as may be necessary,
the Deputy Administrator will transmit such lists to the Code Record Section
through the Division Acxiini strator, copj'^ to the o-^fice of the Assistant
Administrator for Field Administration.
"The Code Record Section v.'ill transr-it copies of the lists as received to
the Public Relations Division for release.
^*3y direction of the Ateinistra.tor
G-.A. LYl'TCH
Administrative Officer".
9791
-30-
. TABLE III
LISTS OF, KAZABDCUS CCCUPATIOIJS FU?xKISHED BY LABGH
ADVISORY EGAED TO CODE AUTHORITIES
II u ra t e r Of Lists
Codes Requir- Codes Contain-
TGTAL ing SalDrnis- ing Fo Such
, sion of List Requirement
' "by Code
Authority
TOTAL
355
298
57 .
:.etals
2
2
—
Hon-Metallic
35
26
9
Forest products
14
13
1
Chemicals
21
19
2
paper
29
29
Ruhher
3
1
2
Equipment
66
(a)
50 (a)
16
Food ■
33
(b)
32 (b)
1
Textiles - Fabrics
21
15
5
Textiles - Apparels
24
22
2 ■ ■
Leather and Fur
9
6
3
Fabricating
62
53
9
Construction
2
—
2
Transportation
5
.5 ' . .
. —
Recreation
1
1
—
Service Trades
4
4
—
Distributing - Wholesale
16
13
3
Distributing - Retail
7
6
1
Territorial
1
1
(a) Code 72, 3 lists, two for supplements
(b) 2 lists for supplements
Source: NRA Files - See also ERA Studies
Materials No. 45
Special Exliibits, Work
9791
"'61-
had "been accepted as hazardous b- other code a^ithorities. In more thrn
half of the cases in \.';iich these qnestions appeared, free discussion con-
vinced the code authorities of the juctification of the Committee's recom-
mendations. To conparatle -orobieras appeared -v/ith respect to other occupa-
tions.
The disposal of these suh.nitted lists varied consideraDl3'- as among
the dii"ferent industries. Tb.e most definitive statenent can he made r.'ith
resnect to tne lists" actually approved b;- an Adi^iinistrative Order or by a
letter from the Administration (Table IV) . In all, 174 lists "ere in this
class (A-p-iendix G-.?) . Of this atmber, 146 were aop roved and 20 acknowledged.
Of the total a-o::iroved or ac'-no-.7ledt"ed, 164 rrere for codes reauiring the sub-
mission of such lists and' 10 V;ere approved or acknowledged for codes vhere
such lists v.'ere not recuired. Some 67 lists were approved for the equip-
ment and fabricating classes. It ma^"- be noted that only 49.5 percent of
the code authorities which had been required to submit lists had actually
had lists approved or ac::nowled,:ved ty the Administration (Table V). The
groups in which the percentage of approval v/as highest were: forest group
(92.3), distribution-wholesale (84.5); transportation (56.7); fabricating
(53.9); eouioment (58.0); and paper (50.0).
As for the remaining lists, 47 were furnished industries whi'Ch were
not" required to submit lists of hazaraous occuoations. In the case o'f the
135' lists submitted to the industries where, the codes required such lists
to be submit oed to the Administration, progress v/as not uniform, A few
codes had been approved, by the Labor Advisory Board but hcd not as" yet been
formally approved oy the Administration when the ITA codes were invalidated.
Host of the code authorities hs-d not taken 'action on the^-.e lists. Constant
reauests were made by the Administration for reports from the code authori-
ties, but action was slow. It may be said that the -orogress in development
and a-oproval of these 'lists was largely the resu].t of the constant' pressure
applied "oy the staff of the Labor Advisory Board upon the Administration and
the latter' s constpxit inquiries to the various code authorities. Hot all of
the industries responded to these reminders. (*)
Some industries felled to cooperate because they were preoccupied with
the problems of afflnini strati on; others, however, were not functioning at all
satisfactorily and took no action on any matters of moment. It followed
that little wss to be expected of them. Some industries did not taJce action
because the:^ maintained that no persons ur.der 18 ;:-ears of age were in their
employ'' or tnat they sew no reason for developing lists since all the jobs
in their industr;-- would be governed b;-- the 18 year minimum. In many of the
latter cases steps were taken to am.end the codes to ra.i se the basic mini-
m-uin age in the code. Onl3' a ho-ndful of lists ^.'ere unapproved because of the
disagreement betv.een the code authorities and the Labor Advisory Board. In
these cases, the latter insisted uoon the inclusion of one or another occu-
pations to which the code authority would not assent. This case is e?:em-
plified b-- tlie Spray Fainting and Finishing Equipment Manirf acturing Indus-
try' which would not include spray painting as a hazardous occupation for
younger persons, but agreed not to employ persons under 18 years of !?.ge in
any capacity. Some industries fe.ared the effect of the approval of a list
of hazardous occuprtions for persons tmder 18 j^ears of age upon their ind-
ustrial compensation insurance rating. In these cases, the staff members
(*) IxtA. Studies Special Exhibits T'ork i.'atei-ials I'o. 45.
9791
-35-
TABLE IV
LISTS OF HAZAiTOGUS GCCUPATIGHS ACKlIOmiEDGED
GH APPRGVED BY THE ADlvilillSTRATIGil
Industries Requiring
Codes
Wii
bh No
Grand
Lists to
Approved
be Sabmitted
Acknowl-
Re qui:
rement
Approved
Acknowl-
Total
174
Total
164
edged
25
edged
TGTAL
159
7
3
iietals
3
2
2
—
1
—
i\Ion-Letallic
11
11
8
3
—
— •
Forest products
13
12
8
4 '
*"—
1
Chemi cal s
10
10
10
—
—
—
Paper
. 16
16
16
—
—
—
Rabter
1
1
1
—
—
—
Equipment . '
33
29
27
2
3
1
Food
16
16
■ 14
•2
—
—
Textile-Fabri cs
9
7 '
6
' 1'
1
1
Textile- Apparel
7
7
5
2
—
—
Fabricating
34
33
25
8
1
—
Transportation
4
4
4
—
—
—
Service
2
2
2
—
—
—
Dist. - thole sale
11
11
8
r-f
o
—
—
Dist. - Retail
3
3
3
—
—
—
Construction
1
— —
mm-*
"*"*"
1
" "■ ■
Source: NBA Studi
es Special Exhibits Work Klaterials
Ho. 45
9791
-33-
TABLE V
LISTS 0? HAZ.UI)CUS,GCCUPATIGHS APFHGTED
MD ACiaiOTffjEriGED liJD ''SEQUJEED BY CODE
TOTAL
I.:etcls
ron-iaetallic
Forest products
Chemicals
Paper
Ra'b'ber
Equipment
Pood
Textile-Fabrics
Textile-j^parel
Leather and Pur .■
Pa"bri eating
Transportation
Re ere at i on
Service
Distributing- Wholesale
Distributing-Retail
Territorial
Lists Required to be
Submitted by Code
o31
3
39
13
21
32
1
50
39
17
25
6
56
6
a
9
3
, Lists
Approved or
AQknp'
.fledged.
"umber
percentage
164,
'49.5
2
66.7
11
28.2 "
12
92.3
10
47.6
16
50,0
1
lOn.o
29
58.0
16
41.0
'7
41.2
7
28.0
35
58.9
4
66.7
2
33.3
11
84.:5
3
33.3
Source: hha Studies Special Exliibits 7ork Materials No.. 45
9791
.- '-S4-'
of the Labor Advisory Board explained rathei* fttll?/ to code authority repre-
sentatives the methods by which iligurf>,nce ratings are determined, and ex-
plained v'hy these lists, v/ould not adversely affect compensation insurnce
costs hut would probably reduce the same. "Hhere it was possible to discuss
this su-bjedt fully, objections v/ere usually removed.
tio less responsible for tlie slow development by the code authority of
an appreciation for its responsibilit,y in this reivDect v;as the attitude of
i'lM officials vjho considered it a matter of routine handling and assigned
it to periods of periodic review of code provisions. To overcome this atti-
tude meetings xieve arranged by the staff member of the Labor Advisory Board
charged with this resioonsibility with individaal Administrative Divisions to
exrplain and outline the problems, the materials, rnd the significance of the
work. The special educational effort bore fruit. It wis the persistent
checking up of progress by the Labor Advisory Board and the services furnish-
ed by the latter in the form of lists and explanations that assured com-
pliance 'oy the code authorities v/ith code provisions reauiring the listing
of hazardous occuoations within the industry.
r/. • occTjpATiors phohibitsd to ..li'ORS AS iiAZAimous (*) ; ;,
The codes usually reciuired that lists of "operations and occupations
hazardous in nature or detrimental to health" be submitted 'by code author-
it-y. To prepare such a list as has been e::plained, the ple.n developed in
cooperation with the Children's Bureau of the United States Department of
Labor was to furnish the code ruthorities of the separate industries with
lists of three t-rpes of occupations which were considered unsuited to
persons under the ase specified in the code for the specific industry. They
f/ere:' occupations involving general hazards; specific mechanical hazards
peculiar to the particular industrj)- cuid health hazards. Tliis classification
was similar to the one developed by the Advisor3'- Committee on Emplovment
of Liinors in Hazardous Cccxipations. The class of general mechanical haz~
ards included, such operations es constru.ction work, shipbuilding; manufac-
ture, purification, storage or distribation of coal gas, water gas, natural
gas, or the operation of gas pumping stations; viorh in or about mines,
quarries, sand, gravel or clay banlcs or pits; work in or about ore reduc-
tion works, smelters, bot rolling mill furna.ces, foundries, forging shops '
or any other places in which the heating, melting or heat treatment of metals
is carried on; the cutting or welding of metals; hot galvanizing or tinning
processes; junk or metal scrap yards; chauffeurs or assistants to chauf-
feurs or as helpers or delivery boys on motor vehicles; oiling, cleaning
or wiping machinery in motion; and applying belts to a pullev in motion or
assisting therein, or in proximitj'- to any unguorded belt or gearing. Among
the specific mechanical hazards adopted in the vrrious lists of hazardous
occupations are the operation of gas, oil or steam engines or other prime
movers; the care, custody, operation or repair of elevators, cranes, derricks
or other hoisting apparatus; the operation or assisting in operation of or
taking materials from such machines as dough brakes, power driven la\mdry
machinery; grinding abrasive polishing or buffing wheels; metal cutting
(*) The lists of hazardous occupations e/oproved by LIEA Industries were
distributed, by the Children's Bureau of the United States Department
of Labor, as they were approved, to all state and local officials
issuing emplo^Tient certificates.
9791
•. -35-
machines iirving a guillotine actipn, .v.'ire caitting machines, "boring mills
and the like. Tlie health hazards include the occimations in which heaw
chemicals are manufactured; in v.'hich unstcrilized hides or anima>l hair\is
used; in vdiich free silica d'.iFt, asbestos caict nay, be found; or other oc-
cupations where some of the siiTistances with injurious properties may be
found. (*)
In addition to the generalized occupations certain indtistries added
detailed reference to the exact jobs at which the hazard may be found. It
was felt, however, that such r procedure was impractical for the most if
not all industries since conditions varied within these industries and the
occupational teminologj'' had not be'en standardised sufficiently to warrant
its use. Onlj' in a selected number of indti.stries v/here specific job titles
could be urimistal.ably identified \iexe the specific names adopted.
On the v/hole these occuprtions were accepted as being unmistakably
haza,rdous to .■'■-ounger persons. (**)
V. COiiPLIAlJCZ 'JITH CHILD LA30R PROVISIOxTS
The child labor provisions in codes presented but a slight problem
to the iIRA compliance 3.ctivities. During the oeriod of transition from
the free use of child workers, e::cept insofar as the state child labor lav/s
regulated their eraplo^Tnent, the Fec'eral Emergency Relief Administration
helped to relieve the de'iDendence in individual fanilies which couilted u-oon
the earnings of the child wor]::er. On September '23, 1933, Harry L. Hopkins,
Administrator, issiied an order to all his State Relief Administrations vruich
read:
"The recoyery pro-^ram is seeking to establish a 15 year minimuTi
■ age for regular em'^loiTuent. This means that some children of 14
a,nd 15 who now hold jobs v.'ill have to give them up and go back to
school. In some cjires loss of 'child' s earning power, however
meagre, will entsil great hardslii'os for individual families.
In other cases ... this loss, of income may materialljr' lov/er
the standard of living. To permit exemotions from tne minimum
age on grounds of fgmily necessit3^ xrill be contrary to one of
the main purposes of the T.R.A., v/hich is to soread emplo:"Tnent
among adults and releare children to continue their education. . .
May I urge the State and loca.1 Emergency Relief Administrations
to secure at once cooperative arrangements v/ith the school sj'"stems,
whereby . . . crses mpy be brought to the attention of the Relief
Administrations. Upon investigation if it is found that the
earnings of the m.inor are essential to maintaining a decent stan-
dard of living in the family it is suggested, that assistance be
(*) For a basic list see United States De-oartment of Labor, i^Ionthly Labor
Revi ew (December, 1952) 7. 35, pp. 1315-1322
(**) For an anal3^sis of the proscribed occupations with notations as to
the industries V7hich' included them in their lists and copies of the
hazardous qccupation-s for the industries where such lists were approv-
ed, ( see Appendix G and G-2)
9791
-36-
granted to the family " ('•')
On the basis of this instruction, Dr. Leo irolrnan, Chairman of the
Labor Aavisorj^ Board, earned the i"T?J. Corai^liance Boards on October 24, 1933
against granting exemptions from provisions of the Presidential Heem'oloy-
ment Agreements prohibiting child labor. He declared that:
"It sho-uLl.d be fully understood by the local IHIA. agencies who
v/i sh to cooperate v/ith the Adimini stration that no special e:;-
emptions whatsoever are to be gro.nted from the child labor
provisions of the codes. If the code specifies a 16 year mini-
mum no child 'under this age should be employed". (**)
The attention of the Relief Administrators to this problem throughout
the entire period of the RRii. made it possible for the families of the unem-
vloyed. to be less insistent uoon finding jobs for their children.
Compliance records a'opepr to corrobora.te the fact that the Adminis-
tration encountered little difficulty on enforcing tlie child labor clauses.
It is the general consensus of opinion ranong industrial, labor and Govern-
ment officials that there was a marked degree of compliance. The code
histories for individual industries confirm this conclusion.
Statistical evidence corroborating this im.pression maj^ be found in
the relatively small number of complaints of violation of child labor pro-
visions. There wore 317 complaints submitted to rlRA. These appeared in a
small number of industries; in fact 35 of them were in industries in which
exemptions were permitted for persons to work under 16 years of age for
limited hours during the day. Of the total, 179, or 56.4 per cent were in
the service, distribution and recreation trades. The next largest group
consisted of 47 in the food industries of which 30 complaints .appeared in
the baking industr^^ (Table Vl). These cases were easily disposed of by the
'fRA compliance authorities, Of the total, 43 were immediately dropped as
unfounded', and onl-,^ 19 '.vere still pending at the time of the invalidation
of 'MA. The others ^'ere nroperlj,'' adjusted.
The Southern State;- reported an undue proportion of complaints in re-
lation to their total employment. In fact 103 complaints, or 31 per cent,
came from the States ordinarily/ included within the South. Few of these
'cases were dro'oped bv the Compliance Division since they proved well found-
ed. Tlie other Stater, in which comparatively large numbers of complaints
were filed were: California, 49, I.iassachusetts, 38, and Ohio, 17 (Table
VIl). The California complaints came chiefly from the American Petroleum
Equipment Indaistr-/ ^r-here minors under 18 had been employed at hazardous
occupations. In Tassachusetts, 8 of the complaints came from the Ladies
Handbag Industrj^ in the city of L3'-nn, arising largelj'- from the use of child-
ren in homewoi-k. The Ohio complaints were scattered, with 5 coming from the
Hetail Food and Grocer-'- Industr^/. It may be noted tha,t these complaints are
(*) Letter from Harry L. Hopkins, Adxiinistrator to all State Emergency
Relief Administrations - September 28, 1933. (l^P..A. Files, Child Labor)
(**) Press Release l"o. 1040. National Recovery Adnini stration, (October
4, 13S3). (l"RA Files, Child Labor)..
9791
-37- ■
TifflLB VI
CHILD LALOR COILPL^IIJTS
BY Il^TDUSTHIAL ElOUPS
Lfumber of Corny. laint?: - 517
IIQUSTRI^IL GROUPS - (12) : Iwrnlier of Complaints
Hetals • 1 .
!Ton-I,ietallic minerals 1
Porest Products 13
Chemicals, Paint:: and Pra^s 2
Paper 1
RulilDer i
Equipment and Manufacturing 22
Pood 47 .
Textiles - Pabrics 2
Textiles - Apparel 15
Leather aiid Pur 5 , ' •
Pabri eating 6 _
Graphic Arts 5
Constrij.ction 14
Transportation and Coiarmnications 5
Recreation -IS
Seirrice Trades 27
Distributing Trades -'JTholesale 12
Distributing Trades - Retail 124
9791
for the most p£ rt derived frorn" alleged violations of the 16 3'-ear minimu'n
rather than the rnininrarn for hazardous occupations. Enforcement of the
letter provisions had not teen ,7;enerally undertaken in the com-oliance
offices.
VI. THE SFPSCT 0? CHILD LABOR PROVISIChS
The number of child \7orl:ers in American Industry has declined during
the last several decrdas. "Jhile the number of persons under 16 years of
age gainfully employed in 1910 v/a.s 2 million, it '.7as reduced to one mil-
lion in 1920 and 667 thousand in 1930. This trend was reinforced by the
depression when the total number of jobs was reduced. IJevertheless, the
abuses of child labor becsjne }jartic\:JLarly serious during the years 1932
and 1933. The attention of the American pixblic, largely due to the dis-
cussion of the Tederal Child Labor Amendment, had been necessarily concen-
trated on these conditions. Tlie svrertshop investigation in the spring of
1933 in Pennsylvania did much to confirm the impressions of exploitation
which were generall,]'" susoected. The "baby" strikers who quit ^■ork in pro-
test against the condition of their emplo.]/ment publicized the condition.
The Governor of the Stp.te ap'oointed a Committee of Inquiry and subsequent-
ly a Committee to look into ell sv/eatshop conditions. Other similar inves-
tigations v-ere made by the National Cliild Labor Committee \7ith similar effect
on public interest. (*)
Similar findin^^^'s were made in other States "b:/ public bodies. In Con-
necticut the CornmisKioner of Labor began a campaign against the sweatshop
in the spring of 1932 softer a survey which disclosed its widespread char-
acter. The -Dress was greatly aroused by this attiick. (**)
C
that
Tae i'ar;'land Commissioner of Labor, in his annual report, commented
"Another effect of the depression has been the lowering of
ehild labor standards b]'' some emplo'^ers. i.Iany types of un-
desirable jobs have opened u?, such as 'commission jobs' for
boys. Eiese commission jobs are closely related to fraud, the
boy being coached in hard luck stories l^y his employer in order
to sell his wares or maga,zines". (***)
(*) Courtney Dinwiddie, "The Rise and Fall of Child Labor in 1933".
Annual Reiport of the Fational Child Labor Committee for the
Year Erdin.T Se'otember 30, 1953 (Kimeographed) .
(**) Eew Hp.ven Connecticut Times (l.iay 21, 1932),
( * * * ) Forty-First Annual Report of the Commission of Labor and
Statistics of i.iar'land (1932) pp. 27-23.
c
9791
-S9-
' T'A3I.E VII
CHIxT LABOR COIiPIAi:"TS
(B - Strtes -- Totpl 31V)
Alatana °
Arkansas 4 ; ■
California-. ...... 49
Colorado 4
Connecticut ' ' -^
District of Coliimbia. . 1
Florida 1
Georgia 11
Idaho 1
Illinois 13
Indiana 3
lo'-'a 5
Kansas 1
Kentuclcy 1
Louisiana 4
Llaine 2
Harj/'land 3
Liassachusetts 30
I ississiroi 11
liinnesota 4
liichigan 5
liissouri 6
'jest Virgin i
wyoTning. . .
9791
J oritana 5
Kebraska 5
i'evadn 8
^Ter; Hampshire .... 1
L'e'TT Jersey 3
Fe"7 llexico. ..... 3
"e^T York H
"orth Dp^cota 2
r'orth Crrolina. ... 20
Ohio 17
Oklahoma 9
OrecTon 3
Pen^isylvania 4
Rhode Island 1
South Crrolina. ... 3
South Dakota 1
Texas 13
Tennessee 1
Utali 3
Virginia 12
/ashin^'ton 4
'.'isconsi 1 6
. . P.
.. -40>^
In I"eu Yoi-y- State, tiie Secretary of Laljor observed that an increaEing
proportion of Cinlciren are emplo^'ed in violrtion of lair. (*)
The nituftion ','ith res'oect to c^iildren "before tJie IIRA marf bo s'ommar-
ized as follo\.s: (l) Emplo-niient opoortiuiities for all. persons as vjell as
children liad decreased, but the least desirable types of work for children
have declined less than the other einpl07ments; (2) children v.'ere driven
into enroloj^ments sivsh as street trades, industrial ho:me''.7ork', domestic
and personal service, and industrialized a,5riculture, that are least
regv.ia.ted 'and -mof-t subject to abuse; and (3) the standaTds of eraployinent
for children had declined to unusiia.llj'- lov; levels, -particularly in the
clothing and retail Inc-ustries, and also in other industries.
(*)
IJ. S. Department of Labor, Children's Bureau, "Suinmary of the
Conclusions of the Conference on Present Day Child Labor Problems"
(Dec-ember -lO, 1932) .
^1
9791
-41-
The NIRA bscame law at a time i-'hen increasing protests of
socially luinded individuals were a.ccorappnied by siuiilar Tjroteststions
from iiidustry wuicli i^as feeling the efiect of the via.%e cutting in
establishments '.vhere cliild '70rkers were oinrloyed. The NBA stopped
these special abuses by setting a :.iininu:.i wa^'e \'i'hereby the employ-
ment of child workers became less attrpctive. Furthermore, actual
age minima were established in the codes. In still other cases
prohibitions of homework eliMinated man:/ opportunities for the
employiaent of child workers. The imoroved results \Yhich were
evident during the NEA neriod were the -product of these develo-oments:
minim'am wages, the prohibition or regulation of homework and child
labor Tjrovisicns (*).
The most complete available index of the effect of the IIEA upon
the em-oloyment uf child workers is the nuhiber of employment certifi-
cates issued during the period tindor consideration. Many of the
States and citiec require that children shall have emnloyment certifi-
cates when they go to work for the first time. Most frequently it is
necessary for them to obtain these certificates only for manufacturing,
mechanical and mercantile em-oloyments, ofi'ice and messenger work, and
in some states, for domestic service, vfiiile these occupations do not
cover all the employments, they are orirticularly pertinent since they
embrace the very types of jobs found in the coded industries. Use of
these figures iiriEt be qu.alified, however, by the fact that they are
affected by the degree of eniorcement of the certificate law. The
Children's Bureau of the Department of Labor has ta.bulated these
figures for more than a decade. The Bureau's tabulation is used for
a summary pjialysis of the employment certificate evidence (**)
There was a marked, decline in the number of employment certifi-
cates is-sued by the ,citi3s surveyed during the years 1933 and 1934
despite the increased employment in KRA industries.) During these
years the number Of children per 10,000 children between the ages of
14 and 15 years receiving certificates declined from the rate of 930
in 1929 to 210 in 1930. and to 67 in 1934. &ach a marked decline must
be attributed, to a large extent, to the presence of the MRA codes,
Uhile the number- of cities issuing no employment certificates to their
minors was 5 in 1933, the number increased to 19 in 1934, The certi-
ficates issued for work in the manufacturing and mechanical and mer-
cantile establishments v;ere relatively smaJl; "for the most part
children who obtained certificates" during the ITEA period left school
"to go into domestic service; to help at home or to engage in other
work not covered by the codes," To bring about this sharp decline
(*) Se-e Or W. Rosenzweig's "I'RA ;^nd Industrial Homework", a study by
the Division of Review,
(**) For 1933 material, consult the United States Department of Labor,
Monthl-'.r Labor Review. V, 39 (December, 1934) pp. 1320-1331,
"Child Labor in the United St.-tes as Reflected by Employment
Certificates Issued".
For 1934 material, consult sa:.ie magazine, V. 41 (December, 1335) ,
pp, 1477-1491, "Child Labor Under the IC-iA as Shown by Employment
■ Certificates Issued in 1934",
9791
in child Ipbur and reduce em-nlo'nnent of children in NPiA industries to a
negligible number the cooperf'tion oi the issuing officers and state labor
officials ras most valuable. In many cpses tney revoked Certificates*
In other esses the periaits were returned to them as em-plovers dropped
children from the payrolls, i^irtheriiiure many officials refused to issue
certificates to children unrer 16 yenrs' of age and offered additional
facilities for the issuanpe of age certificates to thuse of legal age
as a protection to the employer (*).
That the IShk materially reduced the number of children in industry
is evidenced from other sources. The Inaustrial .velfare Commission of
Arkansas reports that "the enactment of the rational Industrial iiecovery
Act has to a laige extent eliminated cnild labor problems in industry"'**).
Similar testimony is presented in New York State '"here the Division of
Junior Placement reports that the youne^er applicants had dropped in
number. In ffct "this decrease has been particularly evident among
fourteen and fifteen-year olas because under the provisions of the NRA,
employment for these younger boys and girls has been practically elimin-
ated" (***). The Forth .Carolina Department of Labor reports that -
"The provision of the National xtecovery Act have wrought wonders
for the abolition of child labor in Forth Carolina. In many
quarters there is a feeling that child labor is a thing of the
past . . . the Codes have eliminated hundreds of North Carolina
children from industrial exploitation" (****),
During the same period, it appears that minors of 16 and 17 years
of age receiving certificates increased. ivhile the rate for 1929 ^''as
1,179 certificates per 10,000 Minors of age, it had declined to 872 in
1932 but had increased to 952 in 1933 and to 1,159 in 1934. These in-
creases are to some extent due to the removal of the younger persons
from jobs and to the increase in employment generally available during
the latter year.
The effect of the NHA raist also be judged in terms of its influence
upon general legislation and opinion during the period. All persons
interested in the promotion of the chile labor control "'ere aware from
the beginning that the NEA might oe brief in duration and that existing
laFS "'ould have to be brought in line with the NtJi. regulations in order
to insure tneir permanence. T^^'O developments are noteworthy in this
connection: The fii'st is the child labor amendment. Interest in
the amendment I'-'as revived during the montns imiaediately preceding
the NnA. ..'hile the measure had been submitted
(*) United States Department of Labor, Children's Bureau, "Effect
of NRA Codes on Child Labor" (June i, 1935) (uiraeographed)
(**) State of Arkansas, "ureau of Labor Statistics, j^"', eventh
Biennial Report. 1932-1934.
( * * * ) Stat e of Nei" York Annual rteport_oi the Industrial Commission
for the Twelve onths Ended December 51, l_y35 (Albany: 1934-
Legislative Document No, 21),
(****) The ■u.lletir of the North Carolina Department of Labor, V.I,
No. 5 (Decemuer, 1934).
9791
-43-
to the States for ratification in 1924, only 6 states had ratified it
■before 193b, Under the impetus of the pre-IEA and WdA discussion, 14
additional Stater, ratified the amendment in 193o, and 4 in 1935 (*).
The second development is indica'v^ed oy the fact that several states
have undertaken to incorporate NRA standards into their State Laws,
Prior to the KRA, only 4 States had established a 16 year miniimm age
for general employment and three of these were non-industrial States,
T'TO of these States raised the age rainim:iim just prior to the NHA (**).
To this number rau.st nov be added the States of Pennsylvania, Ne^v York
and Connectic^it ^^hich, in 1935, raised their miniiiium requirements to
approximately NBA levels.
Both of these movements for obtaining permanent legislation on
child labor similar to that adopted in the codes r/ere undoubtedly
expedited by the NM and impelled but not sufficiently to assure the
early acceptance of them throughout the country,
(*) The States vrtiich ha,ve ratified the Child Labor Amendiaent are the
follo\7ing:
(Prior to 1933): Arkansas (1924); Arizona (1925); California (1925);
Colorado (1931); Montana (1927); Wisconsin (1925);
(During 1933) : Illinois; Maine; Iowa; Michigan; liinnesota; Ne\;
Hampshire; New Jersey; North Dakota; Ohio; Oklahoma; Oregon;
Pennsylvania; Washington; West Virginia,
(Daring 1935): Idaho; Indiana; Utah; Wyoming,
(**) Tiiese States are: Utah; Montana; Ohio; Wisconsin,
9791
-44"
VII. POST W£k CIIILVi LABOR COimiTlOllS
The effectiveness of ITRA regulation is revealed in a negative
nianr;Ler "by the events follo\7int'5 the Schechter decision. Tlic Children' s
Bureau- of the Department of La^oor in a preliminarj" report on certificates
issued durin,:; 1935 declared that while only 7,000 children were certi-
ficated during the entire year of 1935, in the areas studied 11,000 v:erc
certificated in the seven months of 1935 following the Scliechter deci-
sion. The 3urc;u conrnents that "after the protective provisions of the ■
codes yrere removed, tlie nirnher of 14 and 15 year old children going to
\7ork in these localities was 58 per cent larger than the numher going to
work rJuring the 'alaole twelve months of 1934". Wliat is also significant
is that the pro]:)ortion receiving certificates for manufacturing and
mechanical occupations increased from 6 per cent in 1934 to 13 per cent
in 1935, and for mercantile occupations from S per cent to 17 per cent (*).
Re-ports from individual State Departments of Lahor confirm these statis-
tical conclusions. 1!h.e ITorth Carolina State Department of Lahor urged
employers "to maintain voluntarily the gains made possihle lij the code
standards" Imt demands for certificates for the employment in textile
mills increased (**). 'Uie rational Child Lahor Committee investigated
the silk mills of Patterson, Few Jersey dtiring tiie suiTimer of 1935 and
found children of 12 years of age employed in the mills (***), All
available evidence suggests tlaa,t the removal of iTHA regulations pro-
hibiting child lahor served to open' industry' s gates^ again to child
workers. One of the sii':<nificsait iT3A contrihutions was therehy "being
undone.
VIII, XiOlTCLUSIOiT
Ciiild lahor regulation hecruae one of the most generally approved
provisions of TTHi codes; Though it had not heeh discussed during the
formulation of the ITIHA as a su.oject for code regulation, it was gener-
ally accepted hy industry. 'Dlle provisions re;gulatlng child labor con-
stituted one of the m.a.jor pieces of social legislation undcrtalzen "by
ITM. As such it hecarae an in tegi-al part of the 'JFiA labor program.
The elimination of child labor through sj.iecific code- provisions was an
affirmation of tiie effects likely to follow from the establishment of
provision s respecting minimum v/ages, learners, homexvork and maximum
hours. Eiese provisions, it wns contemplated, v/ould m?ke child labor
unprofitable; the elimination of child labor could be best assured by
the outrijit prohibition.
(*) U. S. Department of Labor Children's Biireau, "Trend inChild
Labor since ■ ITRA v;as Declared Unconstitutional" (Board on
Prelimina?--y Reports) (January, 1936, T;/pewritten ;,;emorandum) .
(**) ITorth Carolina Department of Labor, The "bulletin V. II,
(July-December, 1935)
(***)Hational Child Labor Committee, Annual Report for the Year Ending
September 50, 1935. by Courtcney Dinwiddie, General Secretary.
9791
-45-
In ra?^iy res-oects this rer,iilation excumlifiec'. the t^TJc of legisla-
tion wM d^" could to undcrt.^lcen ^y the F3A. It could act on a national
scalG whei'cr.s individual states could not. Althou-'jli dicapproval of
child la-tor is quite j^cnrfral state legislation confirnin'; this conclusion
ivxs not "been readily enacted. Employers in one state have been unvdll-
in .": to encuinher themselves by stringent restrictions while other states
could refuse to join the nioveraent. The result wr.s hadcv/ardness of .re^-^-
lations in soac states and absence of our uniformity in the laws for
the comitry as a v/hole, Biis condition was eli-ninated by the codes.
Competitors could meet and establish similar terms of competition with-
out fear of discrimination. This situation worked vdth particular ef-
fectiveness with respect to child labor. The example set by the cotton
textile code was accepted by all industries as a challenge and action
was taken to comply with the sixteen year minimum. In other industries
where hasardou s occupations v;ere present, a higher minimiim, usually 18
years, was established for employment at these jobs. Considerable pro* ;
gross was ma.de toward defining; the hn,zardous jobs.
Tlie cooperative efforts of industry in this field sto;nd out as a
strikin^^ exrjnple of the importance of having some national instrumental-
ity which would permit socially desirable .:^oals generally approved with-
in an in dastry to be ,-';iveu e:>q3resGion and the force of law. It like-
wise illustrates how far-reachin^'; the effects of the voluntai"y action
by one group ma:y be. &iGh a.dvances in one industry may set the pace for
other industries raid thereby assure quidc achievement.
Hot only, were standards v/ith respect to child labor advanced but
the r e-;^ulations were also generally enforced vath little difficulty
and complaint. The hardships of tiie family of the workers were re-
lieved "oj the extensive system of organised assistance established in
the United States during the period of the 13A. The movement was wel-
comed by employers, workers and socially minded in'iividuals and v/as
supported by all.
The need of soaic new instruinentality v;hidi Y/ould effect the sajne
achievements is erapliasir.ed 'by the collapse of standards since the in-
validation of the codes. In some industries in ?/hich trade associations
have promised to comply with code standards and where employers have
generally approved these standards sjid in v/hich officials of State. De-
partments of Labor "na,ve sought to emphasize the need of complying with
the child labor ijrovisions of tlie code, the breakdown has appeared.
Ivlany permaaient contributions v/ere made by this ei:pcrimcnt under
the ITRA in the control of child labor: First, several states have
adopted its provisions in their state la^Ts; secondly, many states have
been added to those approving tlie Federal Child Labor Mendmcnt; thirdly,
regulation of child labor at the standards prescribed by NRA has been
proven to b 0 practical both as social legislation and as a workable
basis for factory operation; fourthly, voluntary compliance cannot reach
the individual nonconfonnist in industry; fifthly, industry will readily
comply with the provisions as established in IIRA codes; sixthly, much
valuable experience in tlie development of specific regulation and the
child labor problem.s of individual in dustries had been garnered.
9791
-46-
Action in some form is necessary to assure tlie maintenance of the
IIRA Gtandards developed to re;yj.late' child lalior. Among the steps most
urgently advocated at present is tlie Child Lahor Ajnendmcnt to the Con-
stitution of the United State:
- •-) •
9791
"if
APPENDIX A
From: Children's l^ureau. U..S. Department of Laljor
Aug:ust 15, 1933.
Memorandum re DESIRABILITY OF A MINH.m AGE OF 18 IiT HAZARDOUS EMPLOYMENTS.
While the Codes of Fair Competition are generally recognizing 16 as
the minimum age for emTDlqyment it is equally desiralfle that the Code for
some industries should -orohltit the emuloy^nent of persons -up to 18 years
of age, at least in occupations involving extreme danger. Boys a,nd girls
of 16 and 17 years of age are in many respects immature and imx)rudent vith
undeveloTDed muscular coordination. These universal 'characteristics of
adolescents mal-e it unsafe to eraiDloy them in or around complicated machin-
ery. The proportion of accidents from machinery to boys and girls 16 to 18
years of age are higher than for older ^-'orkers. Furthermore young persons
are more suscBTitible than adults to industrial Doisons and should not be
employed in places where they may he exoosed to harmful substances from
which they may contract occupational disease.
State legislation has long prohibited certain employments to children
under 16 on the around of health and accident hazards, and the prohibitions
are being gradually extended up to age 18. Some of the obvious prohibitions
which are or ought to be in force for persons under 18 years of age will^
readilv occur to mind; for .example, operating circular saws in planing mills,
metal punch presses, and stamping machines in machine shops; running
elevators, and derrick's, street cars, or engines.
- • Many thousands of young people sustain injuries each year because of
the failure of employers to observe the principle of hiring none under 18
for hazardous work. "Employers who are eager to maintain high standards ,;
should be willing to cooperate in this matter, and the Codes provide a
means for bringing more baci-rwai'd employers into line, and for reinforcing
and extending State legislation. For each boy or girl displaced by the
Code, and adult who is physically l»etter qualified^ for the work, and who
has greater need for the ji)b, will be hired. Thus the policy will help
■ to promote .re-absorption o.f the -unemployed.
The following brief suggestions in tabular form may help to guide
Deputy Administrators in formulating Code provisions to this point. The
suggestions are based on a report of a Technical committee of Safety
Engineers. Industrial Hygienists and Compensation authorities which
studied this problem and issued its recommendations in December, 1932.
Occupations in which .
accident experience
warrants the prohibition
of employment for minors
under 18 years.
Construction work
including repair or
demolition work
9791
Industries whose codes
should contain these
.prohibitions.
Construction
States which fix 18
years as minimum age
for employment in
this type of work.
:Ala. ,Ark. .Calif. ,Conn.,
:Del. ,Ga. ;Md. .I-'ass. ,M.J. ,
:Ohio, Pa. ,Wis. ,
-48-
Shipbuilding or in dry
docks
I7ork connected vdtli
the generation of
electricity
Outside erection,
maintenance or repair
of electric wires
Occupations in nhich
accident experience
v/arrants the prohitii-
tion of emplojnnent for
rainors under 18 years .
Work connected Fith
gas works or gas pump-
ing stations
Work in connection
with oil wells, oil
drilling operations
or oil refineries
Tfork in or in connec-
tion with nines
Qiiarries
Stockyards , slaughter-
ing or butchering
Ore reduction works,
Smelters, Blast ftir-
nac e s , Fo undry , I'o rg-
ing shops, or other
places in v;hich the
heating, melting .or\
heat treatment of. met-
als is carried, pn
In coniiection with
metal working machin-
ery e.g. punch ipressos
boring mills, stamping
raachines, grinding ci ,
abrasive machines.,
power-driven raetal
planers, etc.
Lumbering & Logging
operations '
Shipbuilding & ship re-
pair
Electric Light Power
Utilities
Industries 'whose codes
should contain these
prohibitions.
Gas operating utilities
Oil
Coal & I.Ietal H-ining
Qp^arries
Heat Packing' _
Iron & Steel' Industry,
other Metal Industries
Brass, Copper, etc.
Foundries, machine
shbjjs,' etc'.,' and' all
industries working
heavy 'metals '■ '
Lumbering &' Timber
Md . , Mi ch . , Ohi o , '.Ti s .
Ariz. ,Del. ,Hd. ,l,iich. ,Ohio,
Wis.-
Pa. , in the outside erec-
tion and'repair of elect-
ric wire Si including tele-
graph and- telephone wires
States which fix 18 yesrs
as' minimum age for employ-
ment in this type of work
Ari'Z, jMich. ,i!.J. ,11 .Me::. ,lis.
(Pa. ruling)
I). C. ,Mich. ,N.Mex. ,Wis .
JiTiz. ,Md. ,Mass. ,Mich. ,Mont . ,
Ilev. , Ohio, Pa, ,T7is.( covering
one or more of the specified
employments)
ind. , Del.', Mass. ,Md. ,Mich. ,
IT.Y. , Ohio, Pa. , Wis. (covering
one or more specified ma-
chines 'Or similar machines)
^reg. ( certain- 'oc'cupaitlQrls) ;
•(17 irt-'■^Ti>s;■)••^■::. --iLit^ l-:-\l
0'7
9791
-49-
In connection \7ith an;'-: Lumber & timber Drod-
ivood-vrorking machinery:ucts; furniture indus-
e.g. sa'>7s, jointers, : try
wood- turning or bor J
ing machines, wood- :
shar;ers :
Bakery & Cracker mlz-
ing aachinery
Laundry machinery
:?ood lu-oducts
: Laundry & Dry Cleaning
: establishments
Work on electric rail-: 31ec trie railv7ays
ways . ■ : '
Prime movers:.. :
Dynamos :Hiscellaneous Indus-
: tries
Steam boilers :
Other steam generating? ■
aoparatus :
Occupations in which : Industries whose codes
accident experience : shoiild contain these
warrants the prohibi- :prohibitions.
tion of employment for:
minors under 18 years.;
Jiich. , Pa.
Mich. , Pa, , -mixing machines;
(16, dough brakes, or
cracker; machinery -25 States)
Va. , girl, in aiF steam laun-
dry. (16, 25 States)
11 States
Del. ,Md.,,Ohio
(16, in 15 States)
(16, in 14 States)
Sta,tes which fix 18 years
as minimum age for employ-
ment in this tjrpe of v7ork.
Hoisting apparatus,
elevators
Other hoisting appara-
Oiling, v;iping or
cleaning machinery in
motion
Delivery from motor
vehicles
iIiscellant:ous indus-
tries
II
Retail & TJholesale
trade (Groceries, meat
stores, balceries, laun-
dries,n3Y;spapers)
13 States
10 States
14 States
(Calif., 16. 'jTiile Calif,
is the only State that has
recognized this hazard, it
is one which is growing
rapidly.)
HOIS: As to work on the following machines, most State laws recognize the
hazard, but the legislative standards (most of them put into effect some
years s-go) are not as high as accident emerience would demand. The usual
minimum age is 16; however, general prohibitions applying to minors under
18 may in some States be construed to prohibit their employment on ob-
viously hazardous work.
9791
-so-
Paper & paper products
manufacturing machin-
er,y, e.g. calendar
rolls, paper cutting &
lacing machines,
stamping machines
Eutber manufacturing
e-.g, . calendar rolls
Preparation of and
tanning of hides , '
Leather working ma-
chinery
Meat grinding machines
Dry cleaning machinery.
Paper & Pulp, & paper
products, including
paper "box making; Hews
print paper mfg.
Hubljer
Tanneries
Leather working indus-
tries(Boot & Shoe,
Pockethooks, "bags,
luggage, accessories,
etc.)
Food
products
Laundry & Dry Cleaning
establishments
(16 calendar rolls - 7
States; paper cutting ma-
chines - 13 States} paper
lacing or lace machines -
16 States; staiaping ma-
chines - 12 States.)
(16 , ^calendar rolls - 30
States)
(16, curing skins - N.J.)
(16 , •t)-urnishing machines
14 States; 16, stamping
machines - 12 States)
(16, Pa.)
(16, R.I.)
9791
"51-
APPEMDIX B
SmCvIARY OF PUBLIC HEARING ON SSPTEIIBER 23. 1953
The industry x)resented the recommendation thot there te no age limit
on the employment of children in the sale or delivery of newspapers if
they were atle and without impairment of health or without interfering
with their school work to perform tnis work. They furthermore set a 14
year age limit for non-mechanical departments where children hetween the
ages of 14-16 might wor': for three years daily "between the hours of V a.m.
and 7 p.m., but not during school hours. The discussion centered about
the newsboys selling and/or delivering newspapers. It was contended by
a representative of the publishers, (Mr. Stodghill) that newsboy work is
not child labor. The character of the duties performed by this work are
such as to warrant their being "added to the curricula of the school".
"The children performed many duties! The boy is a merchant salesman,
deliveryman, credit man and collector... Surely the boy who learns busi-
ness fundamentals, who meets human nature, who learns the value of
business policies on dependability, honesty, courtesy and promptness is
better equipped to make his wa,y in the world than is the youngster who
secures his education wholly within the four walls of the school room."
Furthermore, the newspaper organizations take special pains to assure that
every opportunity is given to the personal advancement and development
of the young children within the organization. It was the policy of every
newspaper "in every reasonable way to cooperate "ith the educational
authorities and with the boys' parents with the object in view of maintain-
ing and improving the boys' scholastic standing, their health and general
well-being." Every effort is made by newspaper organizations to maintain
such standards so "that parents can be assured that their son's connection
with the circulation department will not be detrimental either by associa-
tion or precept, but on the contrary will be helpful." Besides these
advantages, the boys are enabled to continue school." This speaker for
the publishers indicated in conclusion that "newspaper boys are working
under ideal conditions highly beneficial to their development; their
employment in no way interferes with the em.ploynent of adults ;, there is a
part-time job requiring less than an hour and a half each day with an
average weekly income so small that no adult could profitably undertake
the work; the boys are encouraged and assisted to remain in school; the
newspaper has done and is doing more toward developing boys for the future
than any other social agency. "
Much opposition was expressed to these views by organizations such as
the national Child Labor Committee, national Congress of Parents 'and
Teachers and National Educational Association, and by individuals. It
was contended that the street trades are harmful to children of tender
age whether they be boys or girls. In addition to subjecting children to
the "unwholesome influences on the street, traffic dangers and health
hazard, " the employment of child labor was considered undesirable because
of the possibilities of employing older bo3''s and handicapped adults at
such work. Huch evidence was submitted on the widespread recognition of
the unsuitability of tnese trades as indicated by legislation prevailing
throughout this and in foreign countries. In place of the publishers'
proposal, it was suggested that no person under sixteen years of age be
employed directly "or through any distributing agency, except bovs
between fourteen and sixteen years to deliver or to sell ne^^spapers be-
tween seven a.m.., and seven p.m., where such work does not interfere with
hours of day school . "
9791
IwEIuOEAiiDU:
To:
From:
Subject:
-52- .-
JU-PSISIX C
Mar i:', 1-34
General Hugla S. Jolmson, Adrniaistrator
I.lr. Georfc^a 3iic]:ley, DiYi.sion 7.
Cliild L--bor ProvisiC'iis' for the DAILY :3,7S?^i?33 ?lDLI'SEI"G
CODE :vad the G?l4PHI.G ATJS CODE.
Ulion tlie "basis of the re^o.rt of tAe Division of Hese-.rch and ,,
Planninta, and ^ilta dree rej-jard to the r'e-i.ort of tne Child;: ens' Bureau of
the De-_:;artm3nt of Labor, I recommend:
1. Prohibition of tne. delive;y of sale of neiTS-^a'-'ers by .^'irls.
This reflects, in :^,eneral, the reconiaend? tions of the ne\7S-^3;-'er
"ublishers and th^^ v.-olfare or /--^n-izations consulted in ;-'re-iaririt- the re-
port of the Division of Hesearch and Plannin-,-. Nearly 93^3 of the child-
ren deliverint^; and selling; nev'S-ia,3^ers of those '-.ublishers res-_:o.ndint; to the
questionnaire of the Eesearch and Plannintj Division (about VQ,':. of the total
number) are boys.
2. Prohibition of delivery or sale of nevjs'_"a"~ers by boys voider
fourteen (l4) years of at.e, "provided t>iat, in cities under 100,000 _ o:-?ulation
boys twelve, (l2) years of .at-:e and over presently employed in selliiitj or
delivering;' neYirs-_pa;;)ers. rjay contint\e in such er.nloyment.
.O.f the 32.8,395 children re-sorted as seliint^- and deliverinj^
nevi'spaners., 73. ."B^j are fourteen , (14) years of a.ge or over.
3. Li-iutation of hours \7hich may be v,-orksd to 4 hours lei- day.
Sit^hty-seven ^er cent 'S^j) of the nevs-ia leis re-^ortinj, give
the avera.t^e hours '7orked duri z the vcek, excludin--; Satu.rdays, "at less'. . -
tl:ian 2*. The uujnoer of hours v;or];;ed on Saturdays and Sundays is some-
what greater,
4. Retention of- the provisions of Article V, Section 1 (b) ,
of the Daily News;>a-_->er Publishi:it Code and Article II, Section 19 (b),
Para-'.-raph 2 of the Graphic Arts Code, to- regulate the hotirs beti/voen rhich
boys may sell nev.siapers. .■
The pirovinions referred to prohibit sale of newspapers between
7 p.m. and 7 a.m. from October 1 to I.t^rch 31 and betv.'oen 8 p.m. and 7 a.m.
from April 1 to September 31.
f
9791
-55-
5. Pro.iibitior'. of deliver;^ "07 lioys betvean tiie iiours of
7 --.ra. and 6a. m . from October 1 to I.lo.rch 31, -^-nd bat-eea 8 :>m. and
6 a.m. from A^u-il 1 to Ge-'tenber 31.
6. ?rovis-on for tl.e su"3rvisi-6n of be t vaider 16 doliver-
iiifa- and sellin;-: aGv,-s:-'a;er5, by -rovidin^ fc:.' filin; with the State Depart-
ment of Labor, or other a ro-rir'.te strte or local ai-;ency, a Certificate
sho'.vio^- that the boy is at I'^'.st 14- ye':>.rK of e.^?- and tliat his p.rents con-
sent to the enrjloyme'.'it.
Tv^enty (.30) st?tes and the District of Coltijnbia have ordi-
nances i-ei^ulatin^- the vrorlc of children in street t/ades. All except 7 of
these states i-eq\i.ire cnildren sellin,;.-, and deliverinji' nev/spapers to procure
badges shov/in^; that they are entitled to do so.
7. Reteation cf tl'.e "rovisi rns of the Daily reT,7saper Code
and Graphic Arts Code that sale and deliver;,^ of newspapers may not be en-
ja^ed in '"oy children ■ uhiess it may be done vdthotit irr^.airraent of health
or without interference with the hova's of day school.
8. That a conference be' held between the reyiresentatives of
the Periodical Pxfolishers, the national Recovery Adrninistration , the De"^?rt-
ment of Labor, anc" the ITational Child Labor Committee to consider the ques-
tion of the ?,p"jlicability of the provisions recommended above, or sirailrr
provisions, to the deliver^'' and sale of Periodicals.
I ha.ve consulted v.-it;i officials of the De'^art'/ient of Le.bor
v/ho apn-ove m,y recommendations with the followin^^ reservations:
(1) That the " rohibition of delivery or sale of news-^a'iers
by *s-;irls be limited to (_,irls under 18 years of at,'e.
(2) That the limitation of hours y;hich ma.y be i-'-orhed per
day be three (3) hours on school days and foxir (4) hoxirs
on Saturdays, Sundays .?nd holidays.
(3) That -provision be made that badi_;es inay be issued to
children n)er;viitted to deliver and sell news-:'aners.
E3W/ad
Geor^'e .'.'uckley
Division Seven
9791
— ^- .'' —
APFIIin.rx D
SUGG-ESTED Al'ET-TDlEYr TO ArJCCLE V, SECTION 1
CODE FOR "'HS ^AILY TIEWSF IPE^. ^i;'3LISHIKG EU^^II'TflSS, - BY THE CODE
AlITHO"RITY OF TIIE IKDUSTRY, - - Ko venter 13, 1934.
SECTIOH 1.
Publishers shall not employ persons under 18 years of age, ex-
cept those who are able, vit'LOut icpairmeiit of heplth or interfer-
ence with hours of da^'■ school ;-
(a) To deliver newapao'^rs on routes; provided thpt no
persons under 12 y-faars of af^e siicll be so employed, except
that persons between 10 and 12 years of age eraploved on the
effective date of this a.rnendment to deliver newspapers in
c.Lties of 50,000 population or less may continue to deliv-
er on routes in such cities. On school days no person
ennloyed under this parai'Taph shall be employed for more
than 3 hours. The hoiu-s fiv delivery shall be between 5
A.ii. and 7 P.M, from Oc'orber 1st to March 31st and between
5 A.l'i. and 8 y.I!. frum Arril l?t to September 33th.
(b) To sell newspapers; provided thnt no persons under 14
vears o^ a£-j bhall b3 s'' employed, excspt thao persons be-
tween 12 an! 14 yeari of age may be so employed in cities
of 50,. "OO populption or leaS. On sc-io>jl da-vs uo person
employed under this oararraph shall It employeti for more
tJian 4 hours. The hours for street srles shall be between
7 A.M. pnd 7 P.l".. from Ocu-be-:- 1st to March 51st and be-
tween 7 A.M. and B P.Ivi. Ir^'m .(^uril 1st to September 30th.
(c) To oerform other part time services but not in man-
rf act .'.ring and mech-\nical departments', for not more than 3
hour; s day betweea 7 A.i.. anl 7 ?.M. , provided that no
person under 14 years of a;:;e shall be so employed.
(d) A publisher shall require from each such person em-
ployed by him. to sell and/or deliver nev/spapers a certif-
icate from the school attenr'ei by such person as evidence
(l) that he is of qualified sga to sell and/or deliver news-
papers under the orovisions of tl.ds Ge-tion, and (2) that
such work may be performed ty such person without interfer-
ence with school work or the hours of day school.
(e) ■Publishers shall not employ female minors to sell or
deliver newspaners.
(f) Publishers shall use their best endeavors to see that
the orovisions of this Section are observed by those who
distribute their nevfspapers.
November 12, 1934.
9791.
-55-
aPFEITDIX E - (a**
CODE AUTHORITY
For The
DAILY iJE'WSPAPER Pli)LISHIi\[G BUSINESS
230 West Fcrty-Pirst St.
New York
May 1, 1935.
To All Assenting iviem'bers:
In aiDuroving the Code for the Daily Newspaper Publishing Business, the
President expressed dissatisfaction with Article V, Section 1, and or-
dered the government nem'bers of the Code Authority to "give particular
attention to the -orovisions authorizing minors to deliver and sell news-
papers . "
Discussion of this subject has continued since earliest inception of
the Code. Protracted negotiations have been carried on between repre-
sentatives of the publishers and the United States Department of La-
bor. Public hearings were held in Washington on September 22, 1933,____
and June 22, 1934. Various proposals were advanced, none meeting with
mutual acceptance.
At a meeting of the Code Authority, March 7, 1935, the government re-
presentative asked that a further effort be made to meet the Administra-
tor' s wishes. It was pointed out to hira then that on two occasions
publishers had accepted proposals submitted to them by NRA, only to be
followed by further government demands, and that in view of the rejec-
tion by publishers of the amendment submitted in November, 1934, it
appeared futile to present another proposition unless it could be ac-
companied by assurance that its approval would end the controversy over
this question.
A special committee, consisting of Messrs. J. D. Barnum, now president
of the American Newsviaper Publishers Association, Linwood I. Noyes,
president of the Inland Daily Press Association, and Howard W. Stodg-
hill, former president of the International Circulation Managers Asso-
ciation, was appointed to draft new provisions and to confer with Ad-
ministration officials.
The committee re-oorted that attached draft of an amendment and strongly
urges UTDOn publishers its acceptance.
The Secretary of Labor by letter gives governmental approval and ex-
presses hope that the amendment may be adopted.
Accordingly, the Code Authority submits to assenting members the attached
amendment to Article V, Section 1, of the Code, regulating the employ-
ment of minors to sell and/or deliver newspapers, and recommends its._ . ,
adoption.
Please mark the enclosed ballot and mail promptly one copy to:
9761
-oo-
"Code Authority for the Dail:/ .TewsDa.per Publishing Business
230 West 41st Street, New York, II. Y. ''
(Sl-ned) S. H. T/illiains,
Gecretary Code Authority.
iPPEATDIX E (b^
Department of Labor
Office of the Sscretary
iTashington
April 29, 1335.
Mr. Slisha Hansen
General Counsel,
Newspaper Code Authority,
Washington, D. C.
Bear Mr. Hanson:
I am informed by the Chief of the C>^ildren' s Bureau .that an amendment
to the Code for the Daily ITewspai.er P v.blishing Industry has been pro-
posed by tne. Code Authority and v;ill be submitted to the publishers.
The standards incorporated in this amendment were develoried through
conferences with representatives of this Beoartment and the Code Au-
thority.
Although these standards, are lower in some respects than those advo-
cated by this Department, they represent, nevertheless, a real advance
over practices now prevailing in many parts of the country.
I an glad, Hherefore, to indicate my jordial approval of the agreement
reached and ray hope that the amendineni, may be adopted, and that a way
may be found by which the standards iucorrjorated therein may be conti-
nued during a period long enough to demoistrate their value.
Very truly yours,
Frances Perkins
Secretary of Labor.
APPENDIX 3 (c)
ESPORT 01 SPECIAL COMvIITTEE DESIGlilTED BY THE
CODE AUIEO.^ITY TO C0HSIDE2 S;JGGSSTI0NS POR THE
Ai.IEiJDivJl'JT OF AETiCLE V, SECTION 1 OP THE CODE.
At the meeting of the Code Authority in New York on M?rch 7th 1935
a committee consisting of Messrs. J. D. Barnum of Syracuse, N Y. , H
W. Stodghill of Louisville, Ky. , and Linwood I. Noyes of Ironwood,' Mich.,
-57-
was named to give consideration to the request of the Adininistra.tion
that Article V, Section 1, of the Cod-a for the Daily Newspaper Pub-
lishing Business te amended. This is the section dealing with the
employment of persons under 16 years of age in the sale and delivery
of newspapers and in other part-tiids woric in non-mechanical and non-iaanu-
facturing departments.
This Committee has given earnest consideration to the -Droblera.
It made a trip to Washington where its meiahers, on March 26th conferred
with Miss Katherine Lenroot, Chief of the Children's Sureau of the De-
partment of Labor. It has conferred with niiraerous publishers and con-
sulted many men o,ctive in the work of the International Circulation
Managers' Association. It is now prepared to submit tc the Code Authority
with it 3 recommendation a proposal for araendment Of the Cede which
provides for striving out of all of Section 1 of Article V and substi-
tuting therefor the provisions of the attached araendment.
A brief explanation of this proposal is necessary.
The delivery and pale nev:spapers by boys does not of itself mean
that those boys are empiOyees. On the cciitrary by far the greater pro-
portion of them are little merchants who buy their papers and then re-
sell, them to patrons on their routes or to customers on the street.
There has. been little difficulty over the employee problem. The real
snarl has been over the insistence cf the Dwpartment of Labor that pub-
lishers accept full responsibility for the activities of persons v/ho
are not their employees and in no sense of the word under their control.
The Publishers' Code Cor:;mittee, the Code .Authority, and this present
Committee designated by the Cede A.uthority have always been ready to
make anj'' proper provision for ennDlcyees. They have consistently re-
fused, however, to foist ccmolete reEocnr."".bility upon publishers for
h\indreds of thousands of boys who are n^'^ employees.
The newspaper boy problem in these negotiations has consisted of
several integral sub-problems.
First, as to the boys employed by publishers.
Second, as to the little merch?.nts to whom the publishers directly
sell their newspaper for res-n.l3, — either to individuals or on routes.
Our proposal maintains a clear, definite distinction between boys
who are employees of newsT^a-pers and those who are not. It fixes no le-
gal responsibility on pv.blishers d-aling \Tith independent contractors
which by inference or iir;plica:;ion can bo construed as creating a con-
dition or form of employment. It provides a minimum age Of 12 years
for carrier emp^loyees and of 14 years for sales employees, except in
cities of 50,000 population or les,-3 where boys between 12 and 14 may
.be employed to sell. Boys between 10 and 12 now employed in delivery
in cities of 50,000 poiovi.lation or less may continue to be so employed
but no new boys under 12 can be taken on. There is no provision for
a licensed badge system. There is, however, a provision that a boy
must submit to his employer a certificate from a parent or guardian and
9761
-58- •
the school attended by hira to the effect that he is of qualified age.
The present code provision contains no minimum age and no restriction
as to hours put in in delivery. The hours for street sales are retained
and hours for delivery beginning at 5 A.M., and ending not later than
7 P.M. in winter and 8 P.M. in summer are provided.
Our proposal next provides that publishers shall not sell to little
merchants who in turn engage in the delivery, or sale of newspa-oers un-
til those little merchants furnish certificates that they meet the age
requirements set out for those boys who may be employed in similar work.
And finally, we propose that publishers shall not furnish or sell
newspapers to any person for resale -or delivery under conditions con-
trary to the foregoing provisions as to ages and hours and that where
contracts or agreements are entered into for the distribution of news-
papers they shall contain a provision requiring the distributor to ob-
serve the same provisions which publishers have obligated themselves to
observe.
There is another proposal and that is that publishers shall not
employ female minors to sell or deliver newspapers nor furnish newspa-
pers to female minors for resale or delivery.
We realize that this propos 1 possibly is subject to proper criti-
cism. It represents a compromise in the nature of concessions by this
committee to the views of the Department of Labor and concessions by
the Department in turn to our views. There is today but a small per-
centage of boys under 12 years of age engaged in delivery. Most of these
are in cities of less than 50,000 population. Likewise, but a small
percentage of boys under 14 are engaged in the sale of newspapers in ci-
ties of over 50,000 population. The provisions enabling boys between
10 and 12 now engaged in delivery in cities of less than 50,000 pop\ila-
tion and those between 12 and 14 engaged in street sales in the same
cities to continue will take care of most of these boys.
The prohibition against girls engaging in this work with publishers'
approval may work some individual hardships, but the total number of
girls now so engaged is practically negligible.
The provision for a certificate signed by the parent or guardian
and the school is similar to present requirements insisted upon by many
publishers. It was finally accepted by the Department of Labor when the
Department became convinced that its insistence upon a licensed badge
system under federal supervision and control would never be consented to
by a vast majority of publishers.
If approved b?/ publishers, we feel that the acceptance of this pro-
posal by the Department of Labor will end a controversy of .many months'
duration; set a standard for honorable part-time remunerative work for
hundreds of thousands of American boys of today and the boys of tomorrow;
and prove of inestimable public benefit thereby.
In conclusion, let us say that throughout the long period of nego-
tiations, first the Publishers' Code Committee, then the Code Authority,
and finally this Committee have constantly kept in mind the welfare of
9761
-59-
the boys of this coxintry who engage in the delivery and sale of news-
papers. While voidoubtedly there have bee-n some abuses, there have
been \intold benefits. The American newspaper boy is an intelligent,
progressive, independent and alert future citizen. We have sought to
retain for him his opportunity to employ his spare time so as to be-
come a more valuable citizen. With those who would deny him such an
opportunity and as an alternative throw hira on charity or public relief,
we would not discuss the question. With those who might seek to abuse
hira in his effort to progress and raalce a man of himself, we have no
sympathy and to such we will lend no support.
Respectfully submitted,
J. D. BAH1TU14
H. W. STODGHILL
LIIWOOD I. BOYES
Ar>ril 24, 1935.
5761
-60-
APPElil-IX ?
C0D3 Aur}:or.iTY
for the
d;.tly :',::-s?;f3R pujiishiyu ::usii^S3
Jiuie 1 , 1 : 55
national Recovery AclniniGtra.tion,
Mr. Jack 3. ^ate, ..pivision Act.iinistrator ,
Hoom 1016, Larr "^i-;! 1 rfl ng ,
■i7aGiiin;^:ton, D. G.
Dear I.ir. Tate:
The Code Authority for the Dailv lleT/spaper RilDlishing Business initiated
and suhmitted to all its assenting memhers on lu-y 1, 1955, an axnendraent to
Article V, Section 1, of the Code relating to tne sale and deliver^'- of
newspapers hy persons under 15 years of a:'::e. (Copy attached.) The Code,
in Article VII, provides thr.t publishers do not consent to oxiy modifica-
tion thereof, except as each inn,Y thereto suosequently a^ree.
Response of newspaper members of this Code to the Ap.endment suhmitted has
heen as follows:
Por the Ai-iendment 647
At~ainst the Ar-^encijnent 159
Defective Ballots 6
Hot Votin-:; 595
The Code, Article VI , Section 5 (f), gives to the Code Authority power to
initiate .^jnencjaents "which, upon a^^provpl of the AdiP-inisiirator, shall hecome
a part of the Code," The Code Authority is ready to suhmit toid request ap-
proval "by the Administrator of the jtoenchaent as fip-ilicaole to the 647 news-
papers which have agreed to its adoption. But the Code Authority is advised
hy its counsel, Ut„ Elisha Itrnson, that you, .aa Division Administrator, have
informed him to the follov.dng effect:
"That in view of the fact thrt the "HA is no longer functioning
for the erii^'orcHment of Code provi';ions there is no occasion for
this Code Authority to melce sny re .ort to the LIRA on this or any
other £iiiien;umen"&;
That IIRA coald not even receive the i-eport \uider present condi-
tions rn.d undoubtedly vrould he coLtipelled to return it.
If the iTf!,tional Recover:/ Ad^, inistrrtion is in -position to receive
8iid a.-p-oTOYe re^-iort on the Amendraei.t , the Code Authority is pre-
pared to 'irhmit the n?mes of the 647 newspapers that have filed
their as'.;;ents to its rrovisioas."
Verj.- trul^/ yours,
/s/ S, ;i, Williams.
S. li, Williams
Secretary/, Code Authority for the
Daily newspaper Publishing Business
9791
-61"
APPEMDIX G (1)
/
Note: - Refer also to Atir^endix G (2)
PROHIBITION OF T70BK OF CHILDHEN UMDER IS IH OCCUPATIONS
HAZARD'OUS OR INJURIOUS TO HEAI.TH
The lists of hazardous or injurious occupations designated by the
Code Authnrities as prohibited for minors under 18 are available for
166 industries.
Roughly, the prohibited occupations or processes may be classified
in the following groups according to the type of hazard:
1. Specific Machine Hazards
2. General Mechanical Hazards
3. Health Hazards
4. General Hazards not classifiable under any one
of the above.
The following lists give t-he c^joiioatlorLS most frcqueiitly listed as
hazardous or injurious to health, vith the industrioii in which each
occupation or grouo of occupations was prohibited.
HAZARDOUS OCCUPATIONS PROHIBITED TO MINORS UNEER 18
SPECIEIC MCHINE HAZARDS
Punch presses or stamninie machines if the clearance between the
ram and the die or the. stripper exceeds one-fourth inch.
Air Valve Industry
Alloy Casting Industry
American Match Industry
Band Instrument Manufacturing Industry
Beauty and Barber Shon r'echanical Equipment Manufacturing Industry
Bedding Manufacturing Industry
Beverage Dispensing Equipment Industry
Bicycle !Ianufacturing Industry
■ Bobbin and Spool Industry
Broom l'?.nufacturing Industry
Bulk Drih!-ing Straw, Trapped Drinking Straw, Trapped Toothpick
and Trapped ianicure Stick Industry
Can Labeling and Can Casing ''achinery Industry and Trade
Canvas Stitched Belt L'anuf acturing Industry
Cast Iron Boiler and Cast Iron Radiator Industry
Clay !:achinery Industry
Coin-Operated I'achine i:anufacturing Industry
Commercial Refrigerator Manufacturing Industry
Counter I^rpe Ice-Crean Ereezer Industry
Cylinder i^ould and Dandy Roll Industry
Dental Goods and Equipment Indastry
9791
"62-
SPECIFIC MCHINE HAZARD'S. (Con t Id )
Die Casting I-'anuf actiu ing Indlistry
En-'-al op e 1 vAv.z I tj
ppTi ana BlcTvor Irldu^=■Lry
Pla-;^ M^/iufactnring xrx'vsivj
FD.ocr r.lj-dvhinej: ;s: Indv, ■_ :. ry
Fluted Cvip, tan Liiif^r ond Lace Paper Indtistry
Fo!' 'ling ;?. Der 3o:: Ij^'3i.Ls'bry
Ga:.'ter, Saspe'ader 3:'id "Belt I-'a-niTfarburing Industry
• Gasoline Pa-ip hiLmufactvx.i'irij? Ind-istry
Glazird 'ind FsiK-y Paper Irauv:ry
Guained Label and EiiiDcssed Seal Industry
Gu:?.:ninf~ Tnd^isiry
' Gr.ay Iron '^'cij:-.^' "^y Industry
Kousehold Ice r.'?frir';ratcr Industry
Industrial Oil Cuming Enuip'nenb I'anufacturing Industry
Indv-itrial Saft-'y Eqaipmenu Industry and Trade
Ladder Ll^nufa^-^turing Industry
Man u.rac 'curing a.id Uicles^le S-'JTgical Industry
Mar:ine Auxiliary llaclnnery industry
Marking i'ovricGs Indr.itTy
Medium a.-.d Lotv ?i.-ic?d Jewelry I'^anufacturing Industry
Metal Hat Lie a^jA Wood' Hat Block Indus-cry
Metal Hospital rurnitare Manufacturing Industry
Metal Tan"; J. Manufacturing Industry
Metal Tfinlor Industry
Musinal I'crchandise Tanufacturing Industry
Nonferrous and Sr^eel Gonvector Manufacturing Industry
Open Pa^Ter Drinking Cud and Round Nesting Paper Container
Indti.stj^y
OrnsTient-sl Molding, Car-s'ln"- and Turning Industry
Packaging Machinery Industr^y a.nd Trade
Paper Box ?'ach.inery Industry and Trade
Paot^r Disc Milk Bottle Ca-o Industry
Pappr Stacionery and Ta"blet Manufacturing Industry
Petroleum Eauipnent Industry and Trade
Piano ?'a.iTiracturing Industry
Pipe Fipple Manutacturing Industry
Pipe Or;'?ar. Industry
Flumping Fixtures Industry
p-^'^cious jewelry Producing Industry
Print Poller and Prii't Block Manufacturing Industry
Printing Ilquipnrout irdustry and Trade
Rolling Steel Door Mrnafacturing Ind.ustry
Safety Razor and Safety Razor Blade Manufacturing Industry
Sanitary Milk Bottle Closure Industry
Steam Heating Equipaent Mruiufacturing Industry
S'jrgical Dressings Industry
Tag Industry
Toy and Playthings Industry
Trailer Manufacturing Industry
Unit Heater and/or Unit Ventilator Manufacturing Industry
Upholstery Spring and Accessories Manufacturing Industry
9791
-63-
SPSCIFIC MACHIira HAZARDS (Cont'd)
Vacuum Cleaner Manufacturing Industry
Valves and Fittings I'anufacturing Industry
I7arn Air Register I'anufacturing Industry
Waterproof Pauer Industry
Waxed Paner Industry
TJood Cased Lead Pencil Manufacturing Industry
Metal-cutting machines having a guillotine action.
Air Valve Industry
All-Metal Insect Screen Industry
Alloy Casting Industry
Band' Instrument Manufacturing Industry
Beauty and Barber Shop Mechanical Equipment Manufacturing
Industry
Bedding Manufacturing Industry
Beverage Dispensing Equipment Industry
Bicycle Manufacturing Industry
Can Labeling and Can Casing ^'achinery Industrv and Trade
Cast Iron Boiler and Cast Iron Radiator Industry
Clay ITachinery Industry
Coin-Operated Machine Manufacturing Industry
Commercial Refrigerator Manufacturing Industry
Counter Tyoe Ice-Cream Freezer Industry
Cylinder I'ould and Dandy Roll Industry
Dental Goods and Equipment Industry ■
Fan and Blower Industry
Floor Machinery Industry
Gasoline Pump Manufacturing Industry
Gray Iron Foundry Industry
Household Ice Refrigerator Industry
Industrial Oil Burning Equipment Manufacturing Industry
Knitting, Braiding and '^ire Covering I^'achine Industry
Ladder Manufacturing Industry
Marine Auxiliary Machinery Industry
Marking DSvices Industrj''
Metal Hat Die and ^ood Hat Block Industry
Metal Hospital Furniture Manufacturing Industry
Metal Tank Manufacturing Industry
Metal rindow Industry
Musical Merchandise Ilanufacturing Industry
Nonferrous and Steel Convector Manufacturing Industry
Packaging Machinery Industry and Trade
Paper Box Machinery Industry and Trade
Petroleum Equipment Industry and Trade
Piano Manufacturing Industry
Pipe Nipple Manufacturing Industry
Pipe Organ Industry
Plumbing Fixtures Industry
Precious Jewelry Producing Industry
Print Roller and Print Block Manufacturing Industry
Printing Equipment Industry and Trade
Rolling Steel Door Manufacturing Industry
9791
-64"
SPECIFIC IVIACHINE HAZARDS . (Cont'd)
Metal- c attin-? Tnachines having a ^-^illotine action . (Cont'd)
S-^^i^t/ Ra/or and Safety Paznr Blade Manufacturing Industry
Stesm Fea.tin.p; 'aquipiiient I'l-'.i-.ufacturing Industry
Toy and Playthings Indust; y
Traile.v J'.inufp.ctariijf,- I'nduscry
Unit Heater and/or Unit Ver; :,lator !Ianufacturing Industry
Uriholsterj Spring and Acccosories I^^anufacturing Industry
Vacuum Cleaner I'anufacburiuf ln;la!?-''ry
Warm Air Pegister I'anufacturing Inductry
paper-cut cing machines having a i^uillotine action
American l"'atch Industry
BotiJin and S^oool Industry
Envelope Indue, tr-y
Excelsior and '^^icelsior Products Industry
Flag Manufacturing Industry
FliJt?d Clip, Pan Liner and Lace Paper Industry ilCj^
Folding paper Box Iiidustry
Glazed and Fancy Paper Industry
Gum^nei Lahel and Emhossed Seal Industry
G-uiTiming Industry
Open paner Drinking Cun and Pound Nesting PaT3er Container
Industry
Paper Stationery and Tahlet Ifanufacturing Industry
Tag Industry
Toy and Playthings Industry ^
Waterproof Paner Industry
Ttered" Paper Industry
Power driven metal planing machines
Air Valve Industry
All-Metal Insect Screen Industry
Alloj'' Cf.ating Industry
Band Inctrtiment Ilanufacturing Industry • r\^
Bedding L^anufacturing Industry >._
Beverage Dispensing Equipment Industry
Can Labeling and Can Casing Macninery Industry and Trade
Clay Machinery Ind\;.Gtry
Coin-Operated Machine Manufacturing Industry
Cylinder Mould and Dandy Roll Industry
Fan and Elovver Industry
Floor Machinery Industry
Gasoline Pump Manufacturing^Industry
Gray Iron Foundry Industry
Household Ice Refrigerator Industrj^
Industrial Oil Burning Equir)ment Manufacturing Industry
Ladder Manufacturing Industry
Marine Auxiliary Machinery Industry
Marh.ing Devices Industry
Metal Hat Die and Wood Hat Block Industry
Metal Tank Manufacturing Industry
Metal Windor? Industry
Musical Merchandise Manufacturing Industry
9791
-65-
SPECIFIC IvLACHINE HAZARDS (Cont'd)
Po\^er driven metal ■planin!^: machines (Cont'd )
NonferrouG and Steel Convector Manufacturin,^ Industry
Packaging Machinery Industry and Trade
Paper Box Machinery Industry and Trade
Petroleum Equipment Industry and Trade
Piano Manufacturing Industry
Pipe Nip-Die ITanufacturing Industry
Pi-oe Organ Industry
Plumbing fixtures Industry
Precious Jewelry Producing Industry
Printing ^quinment Industry and Trade
Rolling Steel Door Manufacturing Industry
Steam Heating Equipment Manufacturing Industry
Textile Machinery Manufacturing Industry
Toj'- and Pln.y things Industry
Trailer Mianufacturing Industry
Unit Heater and/or Unit Ventilator T'anufacturing Industry
Vacuum Cleaner Manufacturing Industry
Valves and Fittings Manufacturing Industry
Wire Stitching machinery
All-I!etal Insect Screen Industry
Band Instrument Manufacturing Industry
Beauty and Barber Shop Mechanical Equipment Manufacturing
Industry
Bedding Manufacturing Industry
Beverage Dispensing Equipment Industry
Can Labeling and Can Casing Machinery Industry and Trade
Coin-Ooerated Machine Manufacturing Industry
Pan and Blower Industry
Floor Machinery Industry
Gasoline Tumn Manufacturing Industry
Household Ice Refrigerator Industry
Industrial Safety Equi-oment Industry and Trade
Marking Devices Industry
Medium and Low Priced Jewelry Manufacturing Industry
Musical Merchandise Manufacturing Industry
IJonferrous and Steel Convector Manufacturing Industry
Packaging Machinery Industry and Trade
PaTDer Box ?'achinery Industry and Trad<5
Petroleum Equipment Industry and Trade
Pipe Organ Industry
Precious Jewelry Producing Industry
Print Roller and Print Block Manufacturing Industry
Printing Equipment Industry and Trad*
Rolling Steel Door Manufacturing Industry
Toj'- ?nd Playthings Industry
Unit Heater and/or Unit Ventilator Manufacturing Industry
Vacuum Cleaner Manufacturing Industry
9791
-66-
SPECIFIC I'lACHIME HAZARDS (Cont'd)
OPERATION OF POTOR- DRIVEN WOODWOBKING IvIACHINERY. OR TORK AS OFFBEARER.
American }''atch Industry
Band Instrument Manufacturing Indus trj--
Bedding Fanufacturing Industry-
Beverage DisTjensing Equipment Industry
Clay Machinery Industry
Coin-Operated Machine Manufacturing Industry
Commercial Refrigerator Manufacturing Industry
Cordage and Twine Industry*
Counter Type Ice-Cream Freezer Industry
Dowel Pin Industry
End Grain Strin "'ood Block Industry
Excelsior and Excelsior Products Industry
Flag Manufacturing Industry
Floor Machinery Industry*
Household Ice Refrigerator Industry ^
Industrial Oil Burning "Equipment I^anufacturing Industry \^
Ladder Manufacturing Industry
Manufacturing and "[Vliolesale Surgical Industry*
Marine Auxiliary Machinery Industry
Metal Hat Die and Wood Hat Block Industry
Mopstick Industry
Musical Merchandise Manufacturing Industry
Petroleum Equinment Industry and Trade
Piano Manufacturing Industry
Picture Moulding and Picture Frame Industry
Pipe Organ Industry
Plumbing Fixtures Industry
Porcelain Breakfast Furniture Assembling Industry
Print Roller and Print Block Manufacturing Industry
Printing Equipment Industry and Trade
Smoking Pipe Manufacturing Industry
Toy and Playthings Indiistry
Trailer Manufacturing Industry
Trout Fanning Industry in the i^stern Section
Upholstery Spring and Accessories Manufacturing Industry
Venetian Blind Industry
Wood Cased Lead Pencil Manufacturing Industry
Wood Plug Industry
Wood Turning and Shaping Industries
Wooden Insulator Pin and Bracket Manufacturing Industry
POWER DRIVEN PRINT IIIG PRESSES
Bulk Drinking Straw, Wrapped Drinking Straw, Wrapped Toothpick
and Wrapped Manicure Stick Industry
Fluted Cup, Pari Liner and Lace Paper Industry
Folding Paper Box Industry
Glazed and Fancy Paper Industry
Gummed Label and Embossed Seal Industry
Gumming Industry
Open Paper Drinking Cup and Round Nesting Paper Container
. . Industry. ^ -- . .-.. - .. . .
c
9791 * Worded slightly differently.
-67-
SFECIFIC MACHINE HA2ARI)_S_lCont!A)
POWER DRIVEN PRINTING PRESSES (Cont'd)
Pappr Disc Filk Bottle Cap Industry
Paner Stationery and Tablet I'anufacturing Industry
Sanitary ;'ilk Bottle Closure Industry
Tag Industry
Toy and Playthings Industry
Used Textile Bag Industry
TJatcrproof Paper Industry
TTaxed Paper Industry
NETAL PLATE PmmrJG l.IACHJNv.S FUNDIING MATERIAL OF MORE THAN
0.2145 INCH IN TKICOESS
Air Valve Industry
All-Metal Insect Screen Industry
Alloy Casting Industry
Band Instrument Manufacturing Industry
Bedding Manufacturing Industry
Beverage Dispensing Equipment Industry
Can Labeling and Can Casing Machinery Industry and Trade
Clay Machinery Industry
Coin-0-oerated Machine Manufacturing Industry
Com'^.ercial Refrigerator Manufacturing Industry
Counter Type Ice-Creara Freezer Industry
Cylinder Mould and Dandy Roll Industry
Die Casting Manufacturing Industry
Fan and Blower Industry
Floor Machinery Industry
Gasoline Purap I-Tanufacturing Industry
Gray Iron Foundry Industry
Household Ice Refrigerator Industry
Industrial Oil Burning Equipment Manufacturing Industry
Knitting, Braiding and Wire Covering i^achine Industry
Ladder Manufacturing Industry
Marine Auxiliary r'achinery Industry
Marking Devices Industry
Metal Hat Die and ?7ood Hat Block Industry
Metal Hospital Furniture !:anufacturing Industry
Metal Tank Manufacturing Industry
Metal ITindow Industry
Musical Merchandise Manufacturing Industry
Nonferrous and Steel Convector Manufacturing Industry
Packaging Machinery Industry and Trade
Paper Box Machinery Industry
Petroleum Equipment Industry and Trade
Piano Manufacturing Industry
Pipe Nipple Manufacturing Industry
Pipe Organ Industry
Plumbing Fixtures Industry
Precious Jerrelry Producing Industry
Printing Tquipment Industry and Trade
Rolling Steel Door Manufacturing Industry
Steam Heating Equipment Manufacturing Industry
9791
-68-
SPECIFIC LIACHIKE HAZAITDS (Cont'd)
METAL PLATS BSNJItIG ILA.CHINES HANDLING mTEFJAL OF MORE THAN
0.5145 INCH IN THICKNESS (Cont'd)
Toy and Playthings Industry
Trailer Manufacturing Industry
Unit Heater and/or UniteVentilator Manufacturing Industry
Vacuu'3 Cleaner Manufacturing Industry
Valves and Fittings Manufacturing Industry
taaCHINEIg HAVING A HEAVY ROLLING OR CRUSHING ACTION
Abrasive Grain Industry
All-Metal Incect Screen Industry
Band Inctruraent I'an'ifacturing Industry
Beverage JJis-oensing Eqv.iprent Industry
Bol)l)ir: .-••'id JiToooi Inc'uij'. •.•■■;:
Can La>.el?ng and Can Cv.'ri-'.g i'°chinery Industry and Trade
CJfy I)ri?.in Tile Mam::.fac o ;.ilng Industry*
Clay Itcnine^y Indust'";'
Clay and Shale Iloof:.ng Tile Industry
Coin-Operated ''iachine I'anufacturing Industry''
Dental Goods and Equi-oraent Industry
EarthenTfa,re I'anuj'acturing Industry
Pan and Blower Industry
Feldsnar Industry
Floor Machinery Industry
Floor and Fall Clay Tile Manufacturing Industry
Foundry Suioply Industry
Hair Clcth Manufacturing Industry
Household Ice Refrigerator Industry
Industrial Oil Burning Equipment Manufr?cturing Industry •
Ladder Manufacturing Industry
Marine Aujciliary Machinery Industry
Marking Devices Industry ' '
Medium and Lov" Priced Jewelry Manufacturing Industry ^'
Metal Tank Jianufacturing Industry
Metal ?Jindow Industry
Musical Mercha.ndise Manufacturing Industry
Nonferrous and Steel. Convector Manufacturing Industry
Ornamental Molding, Carving and Turning Industry
Pacl<fging i'fechinery Industry and Trade
Paper Box Machinery Indus try and Trade
Petroleum Equipment Industry a,nd Trade
Piano Manufacturing Industry
Pipe Organ Industry
Plumbing Fixtures Industry
Precious Jewelry Producing Industry
Print Roller and Print BlocV Manufacturing Industry
Printing Equipment Industry and Trade
Retail Jionuraent Industry
Rock and Slag ^i'ool I'anufacturing Industry
Rolling Steel Door 'Manufacturing Indur.try
Safety Razor and Safety Razor Blade Manufacturing Industry
TaDioca Dry Products Industry (124 rolling machine)
Unit Heater and/or Unit Ventilator Manufacturing Industry
. ■ Vacuum Cleaner Manufacturing Industry
9791 * iTorded sliglitly differently.
-59-
SPECIZIC iviACKINE HAZAi-JS. (Cont'd)
i/iACHINEEY USED IN THjl COLE HuLLIMG UJ; HJlAVY IviLTAL STOCK
Air Vplve Industry
All-Metal Insect Screen Industry
Alloy Casting Industry
Band Instrument kianufrcturing Industry
Beddin^i: Manufacturing Industry
Beverage Dispensing Equiximent Industry
Bicycle I.tenuiacturing Industry
Can Labeling and Can Casing i/.achinery Industry and Trade
Clay Maciiinery Industry
C-jin-Operated lipchine .manufacturing Industry
Cylinder .lould. and Danoy holl Industry
Die Casting manufacturing Industry
Fan and Blower Industry
Floor iiachinery Industry
C-asoline Pu'np Manufacturing Industry
Gray Iron i'oundry Industry
Household Ice Refrigerator Industry
Industrial Oil Burning Equipment Manufacturing Industry
Knitting, Braiding and '.are Covering Machine Industry
Ladder ivianuf acturing Industry
Marine A'U>.iliary I'lachinery Industry
Marking Devices Industry
Metal Hat Die and ,;ood Hat Block Incustry
Metal Tank ".manufacturing Industry
Metal ..ind.^w Industry
f.iusical i.ierchandise ilanuf ^cturing Industry
Nonferruus and Steel Convectur ilanuf acturirg Industry
Packaging achinery Industry and Trade
Paper Box Maciiinery Industry and Trade
Petroleum Eouipinent Industry and Trade
Pian^ anufpcturing Industry
Pipe Nipple- Manufacturing Industry
Pipe Organ Incustry
Plurahing Fixtures Industry
Precious Jcx'^elry Producing Industry
Printing Equipment Industry and Trade
Ri-lling Steel Dour 'lanuiacturing Industry
Steam Heating Equipment ;.anuf acturing Industry
Trailer i.ianuf acturing Industry
Unit Heater and/.>r Unit Ventilator llanuf acturirg Industry
Vaccuura Cleaner '.ipnufacturing Industry
Vplves and Sittings i.ianul acturing Industry
G-PJIIDII'G. ABRASIVE. POLISHU'r., Ot. BUFjIFG xHEELS. PROVIDED THAT
APPREl'TICES JjFK-UTIFG \MDKh CGFDITIOFS OF BOUA PIPE APPhEFTICE-
SKIP :.iAY GRIFD TrlSlR 0\.'S TOuLS
Air Valve Industry
All-I'Ietal Insect Screen Industry
Alloy Casting Industry
9791
-70-
sPECiFic i.iaci:i::e rjiz^iaDS, (coat'-;)
&ri]::i)ii:g-. abrasive. Poi.i3i:ii'fT, C2 i^urrii:^ /:eels. frovided ti:at
" APPRSIvTICEd GPERATm} Ul^'DER C':'::Di:;I0:;5 CP 3GKA fide APPKSITTI3S-
SIIIP HAY GRIK'D TllSIp'ovr^ n^OQLS, (Ocnt':l)
Band InGtin:arient i.ipjraf actui-in^ Industry
Bes.uty and Sarber Sliop i'ecb.anical ET.v.i7ment
Bedding Lian-u-facturing Indur-try
Beverage Dispensing Eqmpracnt Industry
Bicycle Llanufactui'ing Industry
Bobbin and Spool Industry
Can Labeling and Can Casin;^ liacliinery Industry and Trade
Cast Iron Boiler and Cast Iron Radiator Industry
Clay Uacliinery Industry
Coin-Cperated Liacl-.ine i.ipiiufacturing In.Uistry
Commercial Refrigerator i.sxiTifac taring Industry
Counter type Ice-Crseaa Prsezer Industry ^
Cylinder iiould ajid Dandy Roll Industry ^
Dental Goods and' Squip.nent Industry
Pan and Blower Industry
Floor Liacliinery Industry
Gasoline Pump Llanufacturing Industry
Gray Iron Poundry Industry
Tloseliold Ice Refrigerator Industry
Industrial Oil B"arning Equipment I;Ianu:!;'ac taring Industry
Ladder i.ianof acturing Industry
Hanuiacturing and Wholesale Surgical Industry
Marine Auxiliary Lacliinery Industry
Marking Devices Ind\istry
lietal Hat Die and '';ioo(L Hat Eloclc Indr^stry
Metal Hospital Purniture Manufacturing Industry
Metal Tanic Mmu-f acturing Industry
Metal Window Industry
Musical Merchandise i.ianuf acturing industry f,
IJonferrous and Steel Convector Manui" acturing Industry
Pachagiiig Mr.chinery Indiistry and Trade
Paper Box Machinery Industry and Trade
Petroleum Equipment Industry ais"! Trade
Piano Manufacturing Indastry
Pipe Hippie Manufacturing Industry
Pipe Organ Industry
'Pltunbing Fixtures Industry
Precious Je'.velry Producing Industry
Print Roller and Print Block Manufactiiring Industry
Printing Equipment Industry and Trade
Rolling Steel Door Manui acturing Industry
Safety Razor and Safety Razor Blade Man^af acturing Industry
Stea..! I-Ieating Equipment Manufac tiring Industry
Textile Print Roller Engraving Industry
Toy and Playthings Industry
Trailer Manul'acturing Industry
Unit heater and/ or Unit Ventilator Manufacturing Industry
Upholstery Spring and Accessories Manufacturing Industry
9791
-71-
SP3CIFIC ..JlC'-HiTS IIAZiJDS, (Cont'd)
GHTiDTTr A3^4■SIVE. ?:i.is:...n:G. '.3 suffikg j-lsls^ phovidbd t:jit.
"Ipppf^T-^?^ np-^ATI-^5 ILCDE-l COrPITICio 01' BOI^A ilDE APr:iE:^TIC3-
ST.-.IF LiAY C-EIIID TIJIIH 0.."^ TOOLS, (Oont'cl')
Vdccuum ClerJier Uanufo-Cturing Industry
Valves and Fittingsi Uanaf acturini^ Indaistry
Wan.i Air Purnace I.icji-afacturini^ Industry
Warm Air Re.^ister i,i?aiufr.cturiu.j Indxidtry
CIRCULAR SAV.'S USSD Ii: T'l: CUTTIlICr OF I.iSTALS
Air Valve Industry
All-lietal Insect Screen IndVustry
Alloy Casting Industry
Band Instrument Uanufacturing Industry
Beauty and Barber SIiop i.Iechfjiical Eouipment Manufacturing
Industry
Bedding i,;?nufacturinG Industry
Beverage Dispensing Eouipnient Industry
Bicycle I.ianui'acturin'j Industry
Can Lat)eling and Cexi Casing' Uachinery Industry and Trade
Clay Hacliinery Industry
Coin-Operated Liacliine IlsiiufPoCturing Industry
Corxiercial Refrigerator Uanuiact-aring Industry
Counter Type Ice-Creaa Freezer Industry
Cylinder llould and Dand.y Rod Industry
Faji and Blower Industry
Floor Liachinery Industry (*)
Gasoline Pui-ap lianufacturin^ Industry
Glazed ajad Fpucy Paper Industry (*)
Gray Iron Foundry Industry
Houscihold Ice Refrigerator Industry
Industrial Oil Burning Eqtiipi.ient Lieoiufacturing Industry
Knitting, Braiding and Wire Covering l.Iachine Indiistry
Ladder I.ianufacturing Industry
Liarine Auxiliary Macliinery Industry
Lledium and Low Priced Jewelry l.Iaziufacturing Ind-ustry
Uetal IJat Die and Wood llat Block Industry
Iietal Hospital Furniture Llaniif acturin^ Industry
Metal Tanlc llanuf acturing Industry
lietp-l Vfindow Industry
i.Iusical lierchsjidise I.ianufacturing Industry
iTonferrous and Steel Conve'ctor llanufacturing Industry
Packaging Llachinery Industry and Trade
Paper Box Llachinery Industry and Trade
Petroleum Equipment Industry ajid Trade
Piano Manufa-cturing Industry
Pipe Hippie Manufacturing Industry
Pipe Organ Industry
Pluraliing Fixt'ores Industry
(*) Worded sliglitly differently,
9791
-72-
SPECIFIG iy.CI-IIlN"E l-IAZAaPS. (Cant'd)
CiaCULAH SAV/S USED III TIZS CUTTIlCGr 'CJ? ia2TAI.S, (Cont'dV
PreciovLS Jewelry Producini; Industry
Printint:; Equipment Industry p.nd Trade
P.ollin^; Steel Door Liariui"ac taring Industry
Safety Eazor and Sai'ety Pa.zor Slade Up'jnufacturing Industry
Steam IVeatinj^ Equipment L'iaxiuf acturing Industry
Trailer Manufacturing Ij^dustry
Unit Heater and/or Unit Yentilator iimiufac taring Industry
■Vaccuurn Gleaner Lianufacturing Industry
Valves and Pittings I,ia.nufacturing Industry
BOILING- LULL 3
Air Valve Industry
All-i.ietal Insect Screen Industry
Alloy Ca^sting Indu-.^try
Bajid Instrument I.Laiiufacturing Industry
Beauty and Barter Sliop ileclianical Equipment lianufacturing
Industry
Bedding Manufacturing Industry
Beverage Dispensing Equipment Industry
Bo'b'bin and Spool Industry
Gan L-alieling and Can Casing Machinery Industry and Trade
Clay llac'iinery Industry
Coin-Operated liacliine lianufacturing Industry
Cylinder iiould and Deaidy Poll Industry
Pa.n and Blower Industry
Floor Hacliinery Industry
G-asoline Pump lianufacturing Industry
G•r^.y Iron Poundry Industry
Household Ice Refrigerator Industry
Industrial Oil Burning Equipment lianufacturing Industry
Knitting, Braiding said Wire Covering tiachine Industry
Ladder lianufacturing Industry
liarine Auxiliarj- iiachinery Industry
liarking Devices Industry
Liedium and Low Priced Jewelry lanufacturin^. Industry
iietal Hat Die and ?ood Hat Black Industry (*)
lietal Tank lianufacturing Industry
Metal "Jindow Industry
i,iusicall,ierc!iandise iirnuf acturing Industry
Konferrous and Steel Convector lirnuf acturing Industry
P?,ckaging Iiachinery IndrLstry and Trade
Pa,per Box Machinery Industry and Tro,de
Petroleum Equipment Industry and Trade
Piano I/ianufacturing Industry
Pipe Nipple Mrjiufacturing Industry
Pipe Organ Industry
Plwnbing Fixture ■--• Industry
(*) V/orded sliglitly differently.
9791
-73-
sPECi?.ic :j\.c:;dti] ::aza:j)s, (cont'civ
3GHI1'G I.:iLLS. (Cont'd)
Precious Je\7elry Producing, Indastry
Printing Eqiiipraent Industry and Trade
Rolling Steel Door i.ianufr.cturing Industry
Stea-n l.:eating Eouijpment lianuf acturin;^' Industry
Unit JTeater ajid/or Unit Ventilator Llajiuf acturing Industry
Vaccuurn Cleajier i.ianuf acturing Industry
Valves and Pittings Manufacturing Industry
PGVffl:: SIIEilHS GF .iI,L KIl.'DS
67 Codes
CREASE.iS. SLITTERS. GE CHILiPIKG. OH GHAIIIING RGLLS HOT GUAHSED
AT TI:E POIr'T C-F GPERATIOI)! ~~
19 Codes
PI OILII-G. CLEAIJIIIG OH yiPIKG liACHIlSRY G2 S-:ArTIKG 11: i.IQTIQK
Abrasive Grain Industry
Air Valve Industry
Alloy Casting Industry
American L:atcli Industry
Bajid Instrument Majiuf-cturing Industry
Satting ajid Padding Industry
Bedding Liaaiuf ac turing Industry
Beverage Dispensing Equipment Industry
Bicycle aanufacturing Industry
Bobbin and Spool Industry
Brocrn l.ianuf actuj:'ing Industry
Bulk Drinking Straw, V/rapped Drinking Straw, Wrapped Tootli-
pick and trapped Liajiicure Stick Industry
Can Labeling aaid Can Casing Liacliinery Industry and Trade
Canning Industry (Fruit and Vegetable, but not fisli Canning)(*)
Canvas Stitcked Belt kanufacturing Industry
Card Clo tiling Industry
Cast Iron Boiler and Cast Iron P^diator Industry
Cigar I.ianufacturing Industry
Cla.y Drain Tile lianufacturin^ Industry
■Claj'- LiacL.inery Industry-
Clay and Sliale Roofing Tile Indusliry
Coffee Industry
Coin-Operated Machine iianufacturing Industry
Cora-iercia]. Refrigerator I.ianufacturing Industry
Cordage and Twine Industry
Corn Cob Pipe Industry
Cotton Cloth Glove iianufacturing Industry
(*) 'Jcrded sliglitly differently
9791
-74-
sPEGiFic i.L<iC;iii:3 :az;uIDS, (c--nt'':; )
la OILING. glej!j:i:'G g:: .7iPi]\a ljaclii"::^! ca 3::jgTi::a i:- i,::ticw
Coioriter T;/pe Tce-Crcsan -Preczer Industry
Cr-asli3d Stone, Sand and CTrr-vel',: and Slag Industry
Cur] ed IIa,ir lir'nuf acturinf- Industry
Cylinder liould and Deaidy Holl Industry
Dental Goods and ETaiprnent Industry
Die Casting llenuf acturing Inc'ustry
DoWel Pin Industry
Ea.rtIiGnware Liajiuf acturin-^ Industry
End Grrln Strip V/ood Block Industry
Envplopo Indiistry
Excelsior and E;:cclsior Product's Industry
Ten and Blo¥/cr Industry
Peed MsjLuf ac turing Industry
Feldspar Industry
Plag Lianufacturing Inriustry
Ploor ilachincry Industry
Plo:r and 'Jail Clay Tile Uanafacturing Industry
Fluted Cup, Pan Liner and Lace Paper Industry
Folding Paper !3ox Industry
Foundry Supply Industry.
Fuller's Earth Producing cjid uarkcting Industry
CrP-rter, Suspender and Bolt: ila.nfi'acturing Industry
Glazud and Fancy Paper Indastry
Gray Iron Foundry Industry
Garmed Label and Embossed Seal Industry
Uetal llr^jik Manufacturing Indvistry
Lietal "..'indov.' Industry
Mopstic': Industry
l.iusical iierch.andise lianufacturing Industry
Konferrous and Steel Convector iisjiufacturing Ind^istry
Open Paper Drinlcing Cap and Ho"and Kn sting Paper Container
IndListry
Ornamental j.iolding, Carving -and Turning Indu^jtry
P'Ckage 'Liedicine Industry
Packaging ilaclainery Industry and Trade
Paper Box Uackinery Industry and Trade
Paper Disc Llilk 'Bottle Cap Industry
Paper LIrkers Felt Indu'^trj'-
Paper Stationery and Tablet I.ianui'actv.ring Industry
Perfume, Cosmetic and Other Toilet Preparations Industry
Petrol erja Equipment Industry cind Trade
Piano Lianufacturing Industry
Picture lloulding and Picture Fr.-une Industry
Pipe Kipple Manufacturing Industry'
Pipe Orga,n Industry
PlUiibing Fixtii.res Industry ' '
Pov/der T-'Jii Industry
Precious Jewelry Producing' Industry
Preserve, Liaraschino Cherry and Glace Fruit Industry
9791
-75-
SPECiriC UAC::!!;!! TAZAilDS. (Cont'-l)
i:: cili::g. cleai:ii:g ore ./ifii^g ijic::iime5Y on s'/j^tixIC- ii? jictiga'. (Cont'd)
Print Holler oxiA. Print Block I.ianuf ac turing Industry
Printing 3quipraent Industry ttJid Trade
Printing' Ink Manxifac turing Industry
Haw Peaxiut l,ullin£ Industry
Heady-Liade Furniture Slip Covers Llanufac turing Industry
Hetail Lionwaont Industry
Boiling Steel Door l.Ianuf acturin;,-,- Industry
Sri"ety Razor and Safety Razor Slade i/Ianufactu.ring Industry
Sand-Line Brick Industry
Sanitary Liilk Bottle Closure Industry
Sanitary and '.Taterprocf SpecialtlGs Liantifac turing Industry
Scrap Iron r^nd Steel Trade Industry
Seconda,ry Aluninura Industry
Smelting pjid Refining of Secondary l.Ietals into Brass and
Bronze Alloys in Ingot Form, Industry Engaged in the
3r-ioking Pipe iianufac turing Industry
Soft Fibre lianufn.c turing Industry
Spice Grinding Industry
Steaja 'leating Equipment lianui'act\iring Indiistry
Surgical Dressings Industry
Tag Industry
Tapioca Dry Products Industry
Textile Machinery Lipjiufac turing Industry
Textile Print Roller Engraving Industry
Toy and Playthings Industry
Trailer ilanufaxturing Industry
Trout Farming Industry in the Eastern Section
Unit heater and/ or Unit Ventilator Manufacturing Industry
Upholstery Spring and Accessories IhJiufac turing Industry
Used Textile Bag Industry
Vaccuum Clea,ner hajiufac turing Industry
Valves rzid Fittings i.ianuf ac turing Industry
Venetiaji Blind Industry
Jarm Air Furnace i.ipjiufac turing Industry
'i7a.r;-a Air Regiriter lirnufac turing Industry
Waterproof Paps r Industry
T/axed Paper Industry
v/et iicp i/Ianufac turing Industry
whea.t Flour iJilling Industry
vTliolesale Lionumental Grsjiite Industry
'Tiiolesade i.Ionurnenta.l i/iarble Industrj/
7itch hazel Industry
Wood Cased Le.3.d Pencil i.ianuf actLiring Industry
'Jood Plug Industry
Wood Turning and Sliaping Industries
Yfooden Insulator Pin ruid Braclcet Hanxifac turing Industry
9791
-76-
SPECIFIC LLA.CIIII.TE IIAZiLRDp. ( Cont' d) ■ .'.'.'
APPLYING BBLT 5 TC PULLEYS Ii; ^iOTICv: GH ASSISTIl'G fllEBEIi:
A"brasive Grain Industry
Air Valve Industry
Alloy Casting Industry
Araericmi I'ictcli Industry
Bsjid Instrument Lianufac taring Indactrv
Bedding Maaiuipcturing Industry
Beverage Disijensing Equipment Industry
Bicycle Manufactra-ing Industry
Bobbin and Sped Indus tr:''
Broom Ilranuf acturin.j^ Industry
'BulL Drinlci'n'ii' -Straw, '.Trapped Drinl-:inj Straw, .7 rapiied T ootii-
pick and '//rapped Liaiiicure Stick Industry
Can Labelin,2 and CanOasin^ I.:;ackinery Industry and Trade
CaJininii Ind-astrj;' (Pi'^J.it and Ve.^etable , out not Fisl: Canning)( *)
Canvas St itc/ie d 3 elt i;u: nufrcturini^ I ndustry
Card C lo thing Industry
Cast Iron Boiler and Cast Iron Hadiator Industry
Cigar i.Ieiiui'ac turing Industry
Cla^ Draan Tile Lrjiuiacturing Industry
Cl?y and Sliale Hoofing Tile Industiy
-■ . Clay Hachinbry Industry
Coffee Industry
Co in-Operated liachine '. LI"nuf -ic tur ing Indus try
Co'Timercicl Tief rigerator i.ianuf acturing Industry
Cordage and Twine Industry
Com Cob Pipe Industry
Cotton Cloth Glove I.ianuf acturing Industry
Counter Type Ice-Crean Freezer Industry
Crushed Stone, Sand rjid C-ravel , raid Slag Industry
Curled hair Llanufadturing industry
Cylinder I,io"ald and Daaidy Roll Industry ^
Dental Goods and Equ-ipment Indiistry \
Die Casting Ifenri-f acturing Industry
Dov/el Pin Industry
Earthenware LlanufaCturijit,, Industry
End Grain Strip Wood Blcch Industry
Envelope Industry
Excelsior and Excelsior Products Industry
F?-n and Blower Indv-stry
Peed l.i£?Jiufacto.i-ing Industry
- ..hPeldspar Industry
Flag licaiTif acturing Industry
Floor liachincry Indvtstry
Floor and Wall Clay Tile Lifnuiacttiring Indiistry
Fluted Cup, Pan Liner and Lace Prpsr Industry
Folding Paper Box Industry
Foundry Supply Industry
(*) V/orded slightly differently.
9791
-77-
SPECIFIC IIAC'III^ EAZAapS. (Cont'c')
AP?L-:iy:^ ESI.T3 TO FJLLaYS Ii: UCTig'I :R ASSISTIUG TliaR^IIT. (Cont'd.y
Puller's Sartli Producing r,ni I.iarkatin,^ Industry
Gr.rter, Saspender r,nd Belt i.iriiufr.cturinv; Industry
Gl"zed and ?ancy pr.per Industry
Grny Ircn Foundry Industry
' Guinraed Lcbel caid Bmbossed 3er,l Industry
Guinming Industry
Hair Cloth i,;rjiui'r,c turing Industry
Housdar.M Ice Refrigerator Industry
Ice Cream Cone Industry
Imported Date Paclcing Industry
Insecticide rnd Eisinfectant Ilanufacturing ' Industry
Industripd Oil Burning Enuipraent I,u.nuiacturing Industry
Knitting, Braiding and 7/ire Covering I.iacliine Industry
Ladder Uanufacturing Indii^try
Liacaroni Indus trj''
Llachined Waste Mrjiufacturing Industry
liarine Auxiliary I.iachinery Industry
liarking Devices Industry
Medium rjid Low Priced Jev/elry uianufacturing Industry
UetrJ. Kat Die ?Jid 'Jood "at Ulock Industry
lietal Hospital Furniture Uanufacturing Industry
Metal Tank Manufacturing Industry
Iletal Y^ndow Industry
uopstick Industry
Musical MercLandise MrJiufacturing Industry
iJonferrous rJid Steel Convectcr Mpjiuf acturing Industry
C'oeT Paper Drinlcing Cup -rjid Hound nesting Paper Container
Industrj''
Ornrjnental Molding, Canning r-nd T-urning Industry
Packr^e Medicine Industry
Packaging iiacliinery Industry and Trade
Paper Box i'lacliinery Industry and Ti-ade
Paper Disc Milk Bottle Cap Industry
Paper iirkers Felt Industry
Paper Stationery pjid Ta'olet i.lrjiuf actui-ing Industry
Perfume, Cos:.:etic rjid Ctker Toilet Preparations Industry
Petroleum Equipment Industry and Trade
Pipjio Maniifacturing Industry
Picture Moulding and Pictx.re Frrjne Industry
Pipe Hippie Ilrjiufac taring Industry
Pipe Organ Industry
FluTibing Fixtures Industry
Powder Puff Industry
Precious Jewelry Producing Industry
Preserve, i.iarascliinc Cnerry and Glace Fruit Industry
Print Holler and Print Block Manufr.cturing Industry
Printing IlnuiprQcnt Industry and Trade
Printing Ink riC-nuic-.cturi:.„ Industry
?r.w Perjiut Milling Industry
Ready-Made ?-urniture Slip Covers Mrnufacturing Industry
iletp,il Monument Industry''
S791
-78-
::5 ::A2A?DS. (ContUl)
n
APrLYIlTG 3BL^5 TO PULLLY3 I:' l.l'TI'"!: ^.5 ASSISTTI'G- T^IliSII' ,
P.ollmj Steel Doer ur.nra ctui-in.,-; Inc^-istry
Sr.fsty Hazor r/nd S'.it.t;/ Tu-.-or Blc'.cle xi-\nurf-.c taring; Industry
Srnd-Lime }3ricli Ind-.-.&try
Sanitrxy iiilic Settle CI:'' -re Industry
Sr,nitr.ry ,"jid "..\"-tcrprocf S .c^clrltie;:' LI nuTrcturin^, Indi\?try
Scr-";;. Iron pnd Steel Trr.do Indu try
Second '\ry Al^'Vainum In^lustry
Smelti/.;:; r.nd Befining of Hoccndr.ry Let-Is into Dr-^.ss ",nd
Brr.use Alloys in In:,;ct ?ori~i, Indtistry Eng-^.^ed in t:ie
Sraokin.i Pips i:riii^i'--.cturin:. Indu:try
Soft I'l'bre ;.i-.nuf ■■ .cturin^; Indu'^try
Spice Grinding; Industry
Ste.",;,: :e;\tin.'; HoLdpi.ient '.}. .nuT-ctv-rin;;, Industry
3ursic:\l Brerisi;i£;s Industry
Tr;g Industry
Trpioca Dry ?rodi\ctr Inda?try
Textile iirxliinary ilr,nua'r.cturiii:: Industry
Textile Print Poller i;n.-jr; .vin,^ Indu'rtry
Toy r-nd Plr./thlngs Industry (*)
Trail e?; r.I;;-.nu_';:;.cturinj:; In '.i.!: try
Unit :i,.;ater ..nd/or Unit Ve.itil-'.tor Llr/nufr.ctiirini, Industry
Upliclstery Sprinj; rjid Accc-.soricc IJr.nvi'r'.cturin^^ Industry
Used Textile Bag Industry
Vr,ccu-arri C].e r.er l...-nuf .-^ctv.rin:.-; Industry
Vrdve^-; p^\0. Pittin.;-. lirjio-facturin,,-' Industry
Venetirn Slind I^/lustry
Wanu Air iurnr.ce l.irjiufrcturin.i; Indi\stry
V/r.rm Air Rcj;ister LIrnuf actarin^j Industry
Y/r.terjrcjf P'^pcr Industry
iiT?.xed Paper Ind^istry
v7et Mop Limuf actviring Industry
'wneat Hour Ilillin^ Industry
\,-iolesale I.ionu-iental G-rraiite Indu-try
vfoolesale Lionujacntal liarule Industry
'.Vitch "azel Industry
■.7ood Cased Lead Pencil ;,;--n~afac taring Industry
wood Plu/j Industry
■Jood Turning and 31ia;:dng In.ustries
'tVooden Insulator Pin anl Braclcet Lraiuf acto.ring Industry
Cruslied Stone, Spaid rnd G-r-\vel, r^xid. SLa^^ Industry
Ploor paid .Tall Clay Tile Il-iiuf acturing Industry
Faller's Ep-rth Producing and liarketing Industry
Garter, So.spender r-nC. Belt iirjiuf . cturing Industry
(*) Jcrded slitd^tly difierei.tly.
9791
SPECIFIC lAOl'im 'rlLZJlc'DS, (Ccnt'd; '. ' .
11^ ?5':;:i::iITY TC AI^T Ulv'GU.UDZD 3JJLT OR. CrlAllIluO , (Cont'd)
■J-iclesr.lc i.icnutviontr'/i Gr:iiite Industry
■J-iolesale Liontuiientd i.ir.r'blj Industry
MEJULTi: ILA.ZAZDS LEAD POISGICIITG :.L4ZAZDS
In •-.!]. "ji'oceGaes v.Qere sujstf.ncos cont:\inin^ ler.d or my ol its
coap'imds p.ve used in a liquid or "powdered form or -,t r, tera-
perr.ture s-'ufficient to vaporize le;^,d.
All-I.Iet;~.l Insect Screen Indus trj""
Bedding lirnufr^cturin;; Industry
Beverr^'e Dispensing Sqa.ip.;cnt Indixstr:/
Clr,y Dr'^.in Tile Irjraiacturin.;;; Industry
Clr.y tjid Sliale Roofing Hile Industry
Coin-Opcrr.ted Liacliine llanufacturing Industry
Eartliemvare ilcnufacturin^ Industry
PaJi and Elov/er Industry
ricor i.iacliinery Industry
Foundry Supply Industry
Iioxiseliold Ice ?Lefri;~eratGr Industry
Insecticide and Disinfectant Manufacturing Industry (*)
Ladder Liaxiufacturing Industry
i,iarl:ing Devices Industry
Liedram and Lov/ Priced Jewelry 1/ianiifacturing Industrj'
llonferrous caul Steel Convect^r ":k->jiuiacturin,^ Industry
Picjio Licjiufacturing Industry
Pipe Crgrji Industry
Plxii-a'bing Fixtures Industry
Precicus Jewelry Prod.ucing Industry
Printing Snuipraent Industry and Tr?xle
Printing Inlc i.iraiufacturin_; Industry (*)
Textile :.iacliinery i.irxiufacturing Indv.stry
Unit Heater a^id/or Unit Ventilc-.tcr LI.?ii-ji\^.Gturing Industry
Icod. Cased. Lead Pencil I.am-'i'acturing Industry
Lead soldering wor];
All-Iletal Insect Screen Indxistry
B,-'Jid. Instrai.ient i.ian'of acturing Industry
Beauty pjid. Barber Slicp I.:ecI:.ojii cal Equipment y.an-oiac taring
Ind.ustry
Bedduing lie-nufacturint. Industry
Grxi Labeling rjid Ca:i Casing Iladiinery Industry rjid Trade
Cast Iron Boiler and Cast Iron 3rd.iator Industry
Coffee Ind.ustry (*)
Ccin-Cperated. ?.c!_ine Lirn-o^acturing Ind.u-itry
Fpji er.i Elo\7er Industry
Floor i.ln.cj.iinerj'' Industry
■■"GU3e".'..old Ice ZLof:'.'i.":eratr:r Industry
9791 (*) Worded slightly diffcre^.tly.
-80-
IBAITH IIAZ:>KDS. (Cont'd)
LEAD rCISCl'Il^? Il'.Z-ODS (Cont'd)
Lor,d soldorir.g v.-ork (Cont'd)
Licrkins Devices Industrj'
r.usical i..orc.i'Tv.lise ;.,"nur7,cturin;. Industry
i:onierrcus and Steal Ccnvector .■.raiuir.cturin:;; Iiidu^try
Pr,(lcr,ging L'lp.cV'incry Industry and Trade
Paper 3cx L.ri.cl.-inory Industry and Trrde
Petrol Gurn Eq-iiipment Industry and Trade
Piano Ltarji'actui-in^ Industry
Pipo Organ Induijtry
Printing Eajaipment Industry and Trade
Helling Steel Doer ilrmiJi'acturing Industry
Toy and Playtl.ings Indv.stry
Unit ;ioater and/or Unit Ventilator LiriW-f r.ctVLring Industry
Vaccuui.! Cleaner iian-ofac taring Industry
Certain Occuyiations in Printing Sioo^^ (in melting operations in
printing sliops, Dry SYrceping cxid. cleaning in printing sncps.
Cleaning linotype plungers in printing sl.cps, Blowing out type
cases)
Flxited Crj^'o, Liner and, L'ace Paper Industry
Pol din J Paper Box Induc-try
Guiii;.ain,3 Industry
Paper Stationery cuid Tablet I.-Iaiiufacturing IndV'.'^tr-/
Tag Industry
Toy md. Playtl.ings Industry
"Jaterprooi Paper Industry
■Jaxod Paper Industry
rliscellrjieous Ler.d j.-:az ar :! s
Konferraus Scrap Iletal Trade (Lroaking sorting batter:/ plates)
Nonferrous Scrap l.ietal Trade (Bxirning battery boxes)
LiCtal Trnlc i.ianuf acturing Industry (Lead burning)
All-:.aetal Insect Screen Industry (".York involving handling
metallic Le:'.d)
Printing IrAz LL-\nuf acturing Industry (kandlin^^ lead except in
laboratories)
ALL v;ohk: iit spil^ paiittivtg-
Air Valve Indu'-try
All-i'u."':al Insoct Screen Industry
T^and. JnstrUEiont Mtmuf acturing Inductry
Beauty .'^jid Baroer Shcp iiec:.ianical Squipraent Lianujfr.cturing
Industry
Bedding l.kJiufr-.cturing Indus tr3'-
Beverage Dispensing Zquipraent Industry
9791
-31-
DiVLTE HAZARDS . ( Con t ' d )
ALL XHK IN SPR/lY PAII'TIITG. (Ccnt'd)
Bicycle Lianufacturing IncLustry
Cpji La'beling nnd Cen Cr-sin^j i.iPCliinery Industry r;nd Trr.de
Cast Iron Boiler paid Carjt Iron Htidiator Industry
Clry Machinery Indastry
Coin-Operated Liacliine Liaoi-ofa.cturin^ Industry
Coniraercial Ref ri;.^erator iianufacturing Industry
Coxmter I;rpe Ics-Creaia Preezer Industry
DentaJ. Goods raid Equipment Industry
I' VII raid Blower Industry
rioor iiacliinery Industr.y
Ilousehold Ice Hefri^erc.tor Industry
InduEtri?d Gil Burning Equipment Llrjiuiacturin.;;; Indi^stry
Industrial Sa,fety Equipy.ient Industry and Trade
Ladder liaaiuf acturing Industry
Llarine Auidliary Lia.chiner^/ Indastry
Uarking Devices Industry
lietaJ Hospitad Pumiture Uaaiuf a.cturini" Industry
Irusical I.Isrchandise I.iajvaf acturing Industry
'"onferrous and -Steel Ccnvector LkJiuf a.c turing Industry
Crnajnental Molding, Carving and Turning Industry
Packaging LLacliinery Industry aaid Trade
Paper Box iiacliinery Industr?/ and Tra.de
Petrol eujn Equipment Industry and Tra,de
Pi;;jio liaiiufac taring Industry
Picture Moulding and Picture Prajne Industry
Pi::)e Oi-gaii Industry
Plurnoing Pixtures Industry
Porcela-in Brealtfast Furniture Assembling Industry
Pr3Ci^us Je-\7elry Producing Industry
Printing Eqaipment Industry and Tra,de
Sterol Tea.ting Snuipment L;ajiuia,cturing Industry
Textile l.ir.cliinery lianufa^cturing Industry
Toy and Playthings Industry
Trailer Lianuf acturing Industry
Unit ::eater and/or Unit Ventilator I,ianuiacturing Industry
Upholsteiy Spring and Accessories Lanuf acturing Industry
Vaccuum Cleaner uanufacturing Indu.stry
ITarm Air Register lloxrof -Lcturing Industry
Jorh involving e:-:posure to oenzol or any benzol compound v/hich
is vola.tile or whic-i can penetrate the skin
Air Yalve Industry
Band Instrument ii^nufacturing Industry
Beautj'' and Barber 3i1;'Xj Mechanical Equiment ".Manufacturing
Industry
Bedding Ilrnuf -.cturin^ Industry
B3ve"i*age Dispensing Equipment Industr.y
Cm Labeling and Can Casing liachinery Industry pzid. Trade
9791
-82-
]AL?H ":AZAr33S , ( Cg:i t ' -\ )
"."."ork involving ex jc sure to "ben:;ol or my 'benzol corn'oouad v/hicli
is vclo-tile or vilAch c-n penetrr.te tii-3 s]:in
Coin-Operr.ted i.iacliine l.ic-iiufc-,cturinii Industry
Coiffi-aercial Eefrigerr.tor Lian-uf r.cturin^- Ind\istry
Yvxi. rjid Blower Industry
Floor lip.cliinery Industry
Household Ice HefriGerr.tor Industry
Lo.dder i,;c?Jir.f p,c turinj^- Industry
Harking Devices Industry (*)
Llediuin cJid. Low Priced Jev/elry Urntiic.cturing Industry
Musical Liercliaaidisa l/Ianuf'acturing Industry
Sonferrous and Steel Convector itaiuiacturin^ Industry
Grnai'iiental Molding, CE^nring and Turning Industry
Padcaging i.lackinery Industry and Trr.de
Paper Box Mackinery Industry and Trade
Petroleum Equipment Industry and Trade
Pipjio Manixfr'icturing Industry
Picture Moulding and Pictiu'e Prrine Industry
Pipe OrgrxL Industry
Plumting Fixtures Industry
Precious Jewelry Producing Industry
Printing Equipment Industry and Trade
Sterm lieating Equipment Manuf actxiring Industry
Textile Mackinery MpjQuf acturing Industry
Toy aaid Playthings Industry
Unit ke.-.ter rjid/or Unit Ventilator l.ianuf actixring Industry
Vo-ccuum Gle.'-aier L^anu-Tacturing Industry
Food Cased Lead Pencil Manulacturing Industry
"iil'ork involving excessive exposure to corrosive substances
Air Valve Jndustry
Leverage Dispensing Equipment Indtistry
Bicycle Mcjiuf actor in g Industry
Can Labeling and CriXi Casing Machinery Industry pjid Trade
Clay Machinery Industry
Coin-Operated i.iackine Manufacturing Industry
Coiomercial PLefrigera,tor Manuf actoring Industry
Counter Type Ice-Crecjn Preezer Industry
Dental Goods and Equipment Industry
'Ploor Machinery Industry
IZovLsehold Ice Hefrigera.tor Indtistry
Industrial Gil Burning Equipment Mantifac taring Industry
liarino Auxiliary Liachinery Industry
Marking Devices Industry
Medium and Low Priced Jewelry Licxiuf acturing Industry
iMonferrous rad Steel Convector Lianaf acturin^ Industry
Open Paper Drinking Cup raid ilound H.-sting Paper Container
Industry
Packaging Maclainery Industry and Trade
C
9791 (*) Worded sliglitly differently.
-8?-
JkLTII rAZrJ(DS, (Cont'd)
17ork invclvinjg e:cGesFiivq expos\u-n to corrosive substr.ncos,
(Gent':'.)
Paper Lox i.i.'ac^iinery Industry anJ. Trade
FLnno i,ianufp.ct-arin,-5 Industry
Pije Orgrji Industry
Plimbin^ Fixtures Induistry
Precio^is Jewelry Producing Industry
Priiitine Equipment Indu.stry and Trrxle
StenTi I'eatint; Equipment lirnufacturins Industry
'Trailer Ik^nufaoturini^ Indvistry
Unit ::eater rjid/or Unit Ventilator iv;anuf,v,cturing Industry
All work involvin,?; exposure to p.cid in connection v/itli r)ickling
of sheet plate
All-lietal Insect Screen Industry
BrJid Instrument Lanufactui'int; Industry
Beverage Dispensing Equipuent Industry
Can Ls-beling and CrJi Casing liacliinery Industry and Trade
Cast Iron Boiler and Cast Iron Radiator Indn.stry
Coin-Operated liacliine Manufacturing Industry
Co.'-Traercial Refrigerator Manufacturing Industry
Pra riid. Slower Industry
Ploor Machinery Industry
■ Ilouseliold Ice ilsfrigerator Industry
Manufacturing ?jid Viliolesale Surgical Industry
Marking Devices Industry
Musical Merchrndise Mrn.'^af acturing Industry
ITonferrous a.nd Steel Convector Mrnuf acturing Industry
Pac]::aging Machinery Industry and Trade
Paper Box Machinery Industry and Trade
PctrolouTi Equipment Industry and Trade
Picjio Manufacturin;^ Industry
Pipe Orgcji Industry
Printing Equipment Industry and Trt-de
Rolling Steel Door Manufactpj-ring Ind\istry
Unit Heater rjid/or Unit Ventilator Mo-nufactv-ring Indiastry
Vo-ccuiun Cleaner Manufacturing Industrj;"
Uarrn Air Fu.rnace llanmacturing Industry
Processes where gugg-tz or rxiy other form of silicon dioxide
or rji asbestos silicote is present in pov7dered form.
23 Codes
9791
-84-
GSFEaAL ''AZXSDS
^ill T/oi-J-.: in im-iiidries involving ex'oos'ire to mo?-ten le;:..d or
rjiy itiolten lead alloy or to dust oi" le-.cl or of niy le-ji
alloy.
Air Valve Indu-stry
Alloy C.-isting Indiistry
4 Bedding IviP,niifr,c taring Indu^.try
Beverr,je Dispensing Equ-ipmont Industry
Cr,n Lalieling and Can Caning i.iac]iinery Industry and Trade
Clay liacliinery Industry
Coin-Operated Liacliine lianufacturing Industry
Counter Tyjpe Ice-Crerrn Proezer Industry
Cylinder liould f?a"id Dandy Soil Industry
Dental Goods and Squipinent Industrjr ^
Die Casting lianufacturing Industry
Tan and Blower Indus trj''
Ploor liacliinery Industry ('*■)
ilouseliold Ice Ref rigerator Industry'
Industrial Oil Burning Sradprnent uajnuf acturing Indxistry
liarine Auxiliary Liacliinery Industry
Lietal Hat Die and i7ood Eat Block Industry (*)
lietal iIospita,l li^irniture iianuf acturing Industry
iionferrous and Steel Convector Iianuf a.cturing Industry
Ornrjnental Liolding, Carving cud Taming Industry (*)
Packaging Liacliinery Industry r;iid Trade
Pa.per 3cx Liacliinery Industry and Trade
Petroleum Equipuent Industry and Trr.de
Picture i.ioulding and Picture Prnrae Industry
Pipe Llip.jle i.imuf^.c taring Industry(*)
Pipe Orgim Industry
Plumbing Fixtures Indxistry • /i
Printiiig SquixJin'''-nt Industry and Tr',de ^
Stecm Heating Equipment Lianuf acturing Industry
Textile iio,c:iinery Lianuf acturing Industry
Toy and Playthings Industry
Unit Heater and/ or Unit Ventilator i.i''jTaf>ac taring Industry
Vr.ccuurn Cleaner ii;vnuf acturing Indxistry
Valves and Fittings Manufacturing Industry
In foundries (ferrous! and nonf errous) , all work in tlie foundry
22roj2cr
Air Valve Industry
Alloy Casting Industry
Bedding Lianuf acti^.ring Industry
Beverage Dispensing Equipment Industry
Can Labeling and Can Casing Lia.cliinery Industry and Trade
Clay Ifecliinery Indastry
Coin-Operated i.iacliine Manufacturing Industry
(*) 'Jorded slif;htly differently.
9791 ~ ^
-85-
I'OlIigjHT .ii'EK. (Cont'd')
In fo-oiidries (fori'ous and nonf arroug) , all worlc in the foundry
-oro'ocr (Cont'd')
Co-uiiter Type Ice-Creran Proezer Industry
Cyli?Tder Liould and D&jridy Roll Industry
Dental Goods ajid Equipment Indu'5try
Die Castin;-; Llroaufa-ctxiring Industry
Fcji rjid Blower Industry
?loor Machinery Indu^-try
Tousei-old Ice Hef ri'^^erator Industry
Industrial Gil Burning- Equipment i.iajiuf acturiUt^- Industry
i.iarine Auxiliary Liacainery Industry
i.ietal ;iat Die and 'i7ood "at Block Industry
Iletad riospital Furniture I.Irnuf vctarin^ Industry
ITonferrous aaid Steel Ccnvector i.Iajiuf acturing Industry
Paclra^lng Ilachinery Industry and Trade
Paper Box liachinory Industry and Trade
Petrol eu.-n Equipment Industry axid Trade
Pipe .Organ Industry
Pluj-nbin^^- Fixtixres Industry
Printir.^. pjouipraont Industry and Trade
Sccondrxy Aluminiuia Industry
Stesin Meatin,: Equipment i.ianufacturin - Industry
Textile Uacainory Llanufacturing Industry
Toy aaid pj.a/tliings Industry
^^^-^ P-o-ter and/ or Unit Yontilator L'anuf ac t^arin.'-.- Industry
Vaccuuia Cler-ior Lvanuf acturing Induf^try
Valves and Fittings Hajaui'acturing Industry
V/arm Air .ie:jistL)r Llanufacturini;; Industry
In niallja^lc fcuiidrics. ojor.tio, s involvin.v handlin-; of heated
castinrs. etc. m connection with pjir.calin,--: work
Air Valve Industry
Bedding I.Ianu.f acturing Industry
Bevera.ge Dispensing Epuip^raent Indixstry
Can Lal)eling ajid Can Casing hachincry Indu-try and Trade
Cast Iron Boiler and Cast Iron Padiatcr Industry
Clay Machinery Industry
Coin-Gperatod Llachine Lianufacturing In^lustry
Counter Tya:; Ice-Grerr/i Preozcr Industry
Cylinder 1-iould and Dajidy Roll Industry"
Dental G-oods and Equipment Industry
Fajti and Blov/er Industry
Ploor Lla-chinery Industry
■Pousehold Ice Pefrigoratcr Industry
Inc'justrial Gil Burning Eouip/aunt I Manufacturing Indu-try
uarino Auxiliary iiachinery Indr.stry
97G1
-86-
GEimiL^J :'Ji.ZAPI)S , ( Crnt' d)
FGUIMDHY .TCTiC (Cont'd)
In aaller-als f o'-inc-ries, opcrr^.tions involving lir-jidling of heatsd
castinjgs, etc. in connection v/itJa "npo-'.ling -fforl:
Uetc.1 ";os;_")ital Fu.rnitur:i iian'of picturing Industry
Xonferrous r.nd Stool Convector lianuf r.cturing Industry
Pr-.ckaging "i!ac>.inGry Industry r..nd. Trrxle
Paper Box l.Iacliinery Industry and Trade
Petroleum Squipmont Industry and Trade
Piano lianui'acturing Industry
Plui'iibing Fixtures Industry
Printing Equipment Industry and Trade
Stefiii Heating Equipment llanuia-cturing Industry
Textile liacliinery Ivt^nufactojring Industry
Toy and Playtliings Industry
Unit '."eater p^nd/or Unit V'-ntilp,tcr Llanufp.cturing Industry
YpxcuUii Clec,ner Li;..nufacturing Industry-
Valves pjid Fittings ucnvijf.acturing Industry
./r.rm Air Furnace Manufacturing Industry
All clepning or grinding o;oerr.tions in foundrijs
Air Valve Indus trjr
All-ltCtrl Insect Screen Industry
Alloy Casting Industry
Bedding i,'iP,nufc;.Gturing Industry
Beverage Dispensing Equipment Industry
Can Lalfeling and GoJi Gn.sing llacliinery Inr'ustry and Trr.de
Cast Iron Boiler and Cr.st Iron Piadiator Industry
Coin-Operated l/ip.cliine Lsnufacturing Industry
Cylinder Ilculd sjad Dandy Ecll Industry
Die Ca.sting ilpaiufacturing Industry
Feldspr.r Industry (*)
Floor LaCiiinery Industry
household Ice Refrigerator Industrj^
iiarino Auxiliary l.iaciiinery Industry'
lietal Hat Die and V/ood HP.t Block Industry
ITonforrous and Steel Convector I.ipjuifac taring Industry
Packc^^ing iiac'iinery Industry and Trade
Paper Box iiacliinery Industry and Trade
Petrol eutn Er|uipi;icnt Industry- and Trade
Piano I;ip.nuf acturing Industry
Pine Hippie iianxifacturing Industry
Pipe Orgrji Industry
Pltmibing Fixtures IndxLStry
Printing Equipment Industry rnd Trade
Secondary Alu-iinum Industry
Stopxi LePiting Equipment Lirjuifacturin," Industry
Textile I.Ip.c'iinory LiP,nufacturing Industry
(*) V/orded slightly differently,
9791
-87-
GEySR.\L :LlZA-n)S, (Cmt'd)
FCUCTRY ,/Ox-u{ (C-^nt'd')
A-ll clc.xiini-'; or .:riuclin;; oporr.ticrxS in foimdries, (Cont'd)
Toy riic. Plr^7t.2iin;\;s Industry
Unit "'c.-.ter rjid/or Unit Vcntil-tor i.kuiuf r.cturin^ Industry
Vaccu'iM Clcraicr l..raaufacturiii_.; Industry
Vrdve-^: r.nd ]?ittinr;s I,ir,no.i'r.cturin:^' Industry
T;>.iTa Air j'urnacG ll.";nuf,^.cti\riri^: Industry
^iouldin/r work, core molcin;''-; or oticr processes vihero suclx varlz
ex':-'csoB tl-om t"' t'lo :'ir.zards of molted raot.-l , or lead or zinc
ii-UTios, eiticr directly or indirectly
JLLl-l.Iotal Insect Scrocn Indt).stry
Cast Iron Boiler and Ca,5t Iron 2adic.tcr Industry
Piajio IlanvLfacturinj Industry
Pi^TG "ipUo Liojiui'acturin/-; Industry
V."arr.i Air Furnace ilanvoTr.cturinj;,- Indtistry
All clii-./iin^-; and ^"rindin^ opora.ticns in foundries
7 Industries
ir -2:^ OAiG. aj3T0DY.C?E-liTIGi: 0? ^lEFAII. Ca 3L3VAT0:i3 , 3IU:CS ,
jiLisazis, :j2. o;i:3_. :^5fiijc^\zp'4RATjs, zxj:;:rT ii' i:h opejlitioh
OF (a) :^in.;Al'2ZxS Ao D.iJrii;ZD by '2:. 2 -u..32tI0Ai' 5T.U'D.3D3
CPBA lTI":'
Aorrsive G-r-ain Industry
Air 7alvu Ind.ustry
Alloy C-.stin.^- Industry
A.iorican i.latcA Industry
Aiiiraal Soft ya,ir Ind.ii.stry
Bpjid InstruTiiont iianufacturing Industry
Battings ^'-^d Padding; Industry
Bed-ding LiCJiuf ac tu^^in^ Indaistry
Bevcra,£-o Dispensin/: iDquipment Indaistry
Bicycle Aajiuf acturin^; Ind.astry
Bote in ajid Spool Industry
Brocm ;.,ajiufact"arinj Ind-ustr;,'
Brasli I.i'Uimact'arin^; Industry
B-all: DrirAcin^;- otrr.w, 'Jrrpp'-d Drimcin^ 'Jtrar, 7rapped
TootApick and '.7i-apped A.anicure Stick Industry
Crri LaDoling rjid CrJi Casin /'AinGry Industry and Trade
97C1
-88-
GENEBAL HA.Z.4EI)S (Cont'd)
All chip-ning; and grinding operations in foundries ( Cont ' d)
Caijning Industry (Emit and Vegetatle, tiut not Fish Canning)
Canvas Sritched Bell: Manufacturing Industry
Cai-i Clc'-hing Tndi\Et-.y
Cast Ir^m Eoilnr jm.i Cact Iron Radiator Industry
Cigar i.^-i:nafacturing Irdustry
C3X-7 Lram TiLe Mar-j..Lf 3 curing Industry
Clay I'achjnery I.iri.r.sT/ty
dry pnd ?hfi]e r.o:;fing Tile Indus Iry
Coffee Inrlustr*'
Coin-0pe::ate<3 raohrne Manufacturing Industry
Comiiercial Refrigerator f'anuf acturing Industry
Cordage snd T^ine Ir?.:'ustry
Corn Cob ripe Industry
Cotton Oloch G.'ove I'anufacturing Industry
Cotton R?g Trade
Counter 'Tiroe Ice-Crsa^i rree?er Industry
Cuvled Hair Fanufacturing Industry
Cylinder i^'ould and I'andy Rull Industry
Domestic freight PorT-farding Industry
DoT^el Pin Indu"try
Earthenware Kanufacturing Industry
End G-iaixi Strip Wood Block Industry
Envelope Indu<3iry
Excelsior and ^xcel^ior Products Industry
Fan and Blower Industry
Feed Jianu.facturing Industry
Flag Manufacturing Industry
Floor Machinery Industry
Fluted Cup, Pan Liner and Lace Paper Industry
Folding Pai-ier Box Industry
Foundry Supply Industry
Gia-ned and Fancy Paoer Industry _
Gray Iror Foundry Industry V_
GiKTied Lc-liel and "^"bossed Seal Industry
Gumjiing Industry
Hair Cloth Manufacturing Industry
Household Ice Hefrigerator Industry
Ice Creai^ Gone Industry
Imported Date PacT.lng Industry
iPTDorling Trade
Insecticide and Disinfectant Manufacturing Industry
Industrial Oil Burning Equiptient Manufacturing Industry
Industrial Safety Eqiiiprnent Industrv and Trade
Ladder iianufacturing Industry
Linseed Oil I'iarufacturing Industry*
Macaroni Industry
Machined I7aste Manufacturing Industry
Manu.facturine and ^.olssale Surgical Industry *
Marine Auxiliary !«ac}iinery Industry
Marking Pevices Irdurtry
Medium and Low Priced Jewelry lianufacturing Industry
(*) Y'orded sligntly differently.
9791 ^
-39-
GE:ERAL hazards (Cont Id)
All chinriinis: and grindin,?: operations in foundries (Cont'd')
Merchant pnd Custom Tailorin^^ Industry
Metal Hat Die and Tood Hat Block Industry
I'etal Hospital "urniture Manufacturing Industr,y
I'etal TanV T'anufacturin.^ Industry
Metal Windor Industry
I'opstick Industry
Musical "'erchandise Manufacturing Industry
Uonferrous Scrap Metal Trade
Konferrous a>:.d Steel Convector Manufacturing Industry
Open Paper Drinking Cup and Hound Hesting Paper Container Industry
OrnamentaJ Molding, Carving and Turning Industry
Packaging Machinery Industry and Trade
Paper Disc ;'il'-: "Bottle Cap Industry
Paper Makers Felt Industry
Paper Stationery and Tablet ^Manufacturing Industry
/ Petroleum Eouipraent Indus trj^ and Trade
Piano I'anufacturing Industry
Picture Moulding and Picture Prague Industry
Pipe Hippie i'anufacturing Industry
Pipe Organ Industrj'-
Plumbing rixtures Industry
Porcelain BreaVfast Furniture Assembling Industry
Po^rder Pujfi Industry
Precious Je'-'alr:/ Producing Industry
Preserve, ;!araschino Caerry and '^lace ?ruit Industry
Print Roller and Print Jjlock Manufacturing Industry
Printing "Equipment Industry and Trade
Printing In'- I:anufacturing Industry
Rax! Peanut Milling Industry
Heady-Hade Jurniture Slip Covers f Manufacturing Industry
Real Hstate Brokerage Industry
Rock and Slag u'ool I'anufacturing Industry
Rolling Steel Door ''anufacturing Industry
Safety Razor and Saf et .^ Rarror Elpde Manufacturing Industry
Sand-Lime Industry
Sanitary Milk Bottle Closure Industry
Sanitarv and "aterproof Specialities Manufacturing Industry
Scrap Iron and Steel Trade Industry
Scra.p Rubber Trade
Secondary/ Alurninun Industry
Smelting and Refining of Secondary ''etals into Brass and Bronze
Alloys in Ingot For:Ti, Indus tr;'- Engaged in the
Sno'ring Pi-ne "anufacturing Ind.ustry
Soft Fibre I'anufacturing Industry
Spice Grinding Industry
Steam Heating Hquipment Manufacturing Industry
Siirgical Dressings Industry
Tag Industry
Tapioca Dry Products Industry
Textile Machinery Manufacturing Industry
Textile Print Roller Engraving Industry
97S1
-90-
GENE5AL HAZAKDS (Cont'd )
All chix'-oing end grinding orierations in foundries (Cont'd')
Toy and Pln,ythin:^s Incinstry
Ti-uc''inc Industr,'-
Unit Healer aiic/jr Ur.ic Vantilator Tanufacturin^ Industry
Upholstery ?^::'J ifi; a^ir Arce.:so'"ier. i'^nnufacturing Industry
Used Texi lie JSag Inli-.stry
Used Tsj.tile Machino:.y and Accessories Distributing Trade
Vpcunm TLeaner* Manufacturljif Indurtry
Valves and Fittings I''anufact'J-rinfi; Industry
Venetian Blinl Industry
Warm Air ITurnaee I^'anufacturin;: Industry
War'n Air Register I^anufacturing Industry
TJaste Faner Industry
liTa.terprooi pa-er Industry
Waxed Prvoer I'-du^try
Wet I [on I'-anufp^cturiiig Industry
Wholesale llonuinental G-rrnite Industry *
Wholesale ■■cn\u:;eutal ''arble Industry *
Wholesale Tobacco Industry
Witch Ht'izel Induf^try
Wood Ga::ed Lead Pencil I'anufacturing Industry
Wood Heej Industiy
Wood PlUr? IndL^::-*ry
Wood Turi'ing anl Sha.ping Industries
Wooden Insulator Pin and Bracket {Manufacturing Industry
In. or assisting : n_, the operation of gas, oil, or stean engines
or other Tpriiar m '"grs.
Abrasive Grain Industry
Air Valve Indus trj?-
Alloy Casting Industry
American ; 'ftch Industry
Animal Soft Hair Industry
Band Instrument !'am^i"acturing Industry
Batting and Padding Incustry
Beauty and Barber SLot f'echanical '^'quipment Fanuf acturing
Industry
Bedding Manufacturing Industry
Beverage ^Dispensing Equiprent Industry
Bicycle ''•lanufacturing Industry
Bobbin and StdooI Incustry
Broom ?'anufactu^ing Iv.custry
Brush "'anufacturing I^idustry
Bull: Drin]:in,^ S'^raii, 'Trapped Drinking Straw, Wrap-oed Toothpick
and TTrapped Manic\ire Stick Industry
Can Labeling and Can Casing I'achinery Industry and Trade
Canvas Stitched Belt i'anufacturing Industry
9791 ^*^ 'forded slightly differently.
C.
-91-
GE^nRAL HAZAPDS (Cont'd)
In. or assisting in. the o-peration of gf^s. oil, or stea^n eni°:ines
or other ririme movers (Cont'd)
Card Clothing Industry
Cast Iron joiTer and Cast Iron Rodiator Industry-
Cigar ranufacturing Industry *
Clay Drain Tile I'anufacturing Industry
Clay I'achinerA'' Industry
Clay and Shale ?oofing Tile Industry
Coffee Industry
Coin-Operated !'achine i'anufacturing Industry
Con^aercial Hefrigerator I'anufacturing Industry
Cordfige and Ti^ine Industry
Corn Cob Pipe Industry
Cotton Cloth Glove "Tanuiacturing Industry
Counter T^/pe Ice-Crean freezer Industry
Curled Hair "'anufacturing Industry/
Cylinder ''ould and Dandv Roll Industry
Dental Goods and "Zquipinent Industry
Die Ca-sting "'anufacturing Industry
Dovel Pin Industry
EarthemTare I'anufa.ctiaring Industry
End Grain Stri^o "ood Bloc-c Industry
Envelo-oe Industry
7an and Bloi-er Industry
7eed I'anufacturing Industry
Flag iianufacturing Iridustry
Floor j'achinery Industry
Fluted Cux), Pan Liner and Lace Pnrjer Industry
Folding Paner Tiox Industry
Foundry Su'oply Industry
Glazed and Fancy Pacer Industry
Gum^ned Label and Zrabossed Seal Industry
Gunning Industry
Hair Cloth ranufacturing Inda^try
Household Ice Refrigerator Industry
Ice Creain Cone Industry
Imported Date Packing Industry
Insecticide and Disinfectant Lenufacturing Industry
Industrial Oil Burning Equipment Manufacturing Industry
Industrial Safety Equipment Industry and Trade
Ladder Manufacturing Industry
Macaroni Industry
I'achined Waste I'anufacturing Ind.ustry
Liarine Auxiliary Machinery Industry
Mar'cing Devices Industry
Medium and Lo^7 Priced Jerrelry Ilanufact^iring Industry
i^etal Ha.t Die and TTood Het Block Industry
Iletal riospital Furniture Manufacturing Industry
I.fetal TJindor Industry
Mops tie'" Indus trv
Musical "erch-andise Manufacturing Industry
ITonferrous and Steel Convector Manufacturing Industry
9791
-92-
GEUERAL I-IAZARDS (Cont'd)
Tn, or asBJsting in. the otjeration of gas, oil, or stearg engines
or other -prime movers (Cont'dj
Open Pa-jer Drin^ring Cup and Hound Nesting Paper Container Industry
Ornauer.i.'.pl Molciirifc, Oarving and Turning Industry
Package relic?.^e Tndr.£,Rry
Packaging r'acriinery Industry and Trade
Paijer Box J^achinery Industry and Trade
Paper Dlsc r.i'LK Bottle Cfz^ Industry
Paper Stationery and Tablet Ilanufacturing Industry
Perfume, Cosmetic nnd Other Toilet Preparations Industry
Petroleum Equipment Industry and Trade
Piano Manufacturing Industry
Picture " ouldin/? and Picture Trame Industry
Pipe iN'i^TDle Kanufacturing Industry
Pipe Organ Industry
Plumbing I'ixtu-^es Inriustry
Povder Puff Inoustry
Precious Jewelry Producing Industry
Preserve, ''sraschim Cherry and Glace ^ruit Industry
Print Roller and Print Block I'anufacturing Industry
Printing "Equipment Indastry and Trade
Printing In'- T'^nufacturing Industry
Rar Peanut Tilling Industry
Read-Hviaoe "urniture Slip Covers I'anufacturing Industry
Rea.l Estate BrokTage Industry
Rock and Slag TJool ^'anufa.cturing Industry
Rolling Steel Door ! Manufacturing Industry
Safety Razor and Safety Razor Blade Tanufacturing Industry
Sanitary "ilk Bottle Closure Industry
Sanitary and Waterproof Specialties Kanufncturing Industry
Scrap Iron and Steel Trade Industry
Secondary Aluminum Industry
Smelting and Refining of Secondary Metals ingot Brass and
Bronze Alloys in Ingot Form, Industry Engaged in the
Smearing Pipe Manufacturing Industry
Soft Fibre Manufacturing Industry
Spice Grinding Industrj''
Steam Heating Equipment Manufacturing Industry
Surgical Dressings Industry
Tag Industry
Tapioca Dry Products Industry
Textile Machinery Manufacturing Industry
Textile Print Roller Engrr>ving Industry
Toy and Playthings Industry
Trout Farming Industry in the "'astern Section
Unit Heater anc'/or Unit Ventilator Manufacturing Industry
Upholstery Spring and Accessories Manufacturing Industry
Used Textile Bag Industry
Vacuijm Cleaner I'anufacturing Industry
Valves and Fittings I'anufacturing Industry
Venetian Blind Industry
Warm Air Register Manufacturing Industry
9791
-93-
GE!TEEAL HAZARDS (Cont'd)
In. or n.ssi sting in, the operation of p:p^s, oil, or stea'n enfi:lnes
or other prime movers. (Cont'd)
Wate'rproof Paper Industry-
Waxed ■^a-oer Industry
Wet I'Qv Fanufactariiif^ Indar.try
llieat Flour I'illing Industry
Tiiolesale Monumental Granite Industry
■^lolesale :'onuraental IJarble Industry
T?itch Hazel Industrjr
^ood Cased Lead Pencil I\anufacturini°; Industry
Wood Heel Industry
Wood Plu£' Industry
To'-.'d Turning and Shaping Industries
'.Tooden Insulator '^in and Bracket Fanufacturing Industry
Firin."; of steam or rater l^oilerr. (exce-ot lioilers not more than 15
pounds pressure used solely for heating purposes.
Ahrasive grain industry
Air val^'e industry
Alloy casting industry
American matcxi industry
Animal soft hair industry
Band instrument manufacturing industry
Batting and padding industry
Beauty and "barber shop mechanical equipment manufacturing
industry • ■
Bedding manufrcturing industry
Beverage dispensing equipment industry
Bicycle Kanufacturing industry
Bohhin and spool industry . . ■
Broom manufa.cturing industry
Brash manufacturing .industry
Bul'^ drirf'ing straw, Tirrapped drinking straw, wrapped toothpick
and wrapped manicure stick industry
Can labeling and can casing machinery industry and trade
Canvas stitched belt manufacturing industry
Card clothing industry
Cast iron boiler and ca^st iron radiator industry
Cigar manufacturing industry
Cla'/- drain tile manufacturing ind.ustry
Clay machinery industry
Clay and shale roofini: tile industry
Coffee industry/
Coin-operated machine na.nufacturing industry
Commercial refrigerator manufacturing industry
Cordage a-nd twine industry
Corn cob oipe industry
Cotton cloth glove manufacturing induptrj'-
Counter t:,n)e ice crean freer;er indiistry
Curled hair manufacturing industry
9791
-94-
GEITERAX IIAZ.iRDS (Cont'd)
Firing of steam or x?ater boilers (except boilers not more than 15
nounds pressure used solely for heating our-QOses. (Cont'd)
Cylinder mould and dendy roll industry
Dowel pin industry
EarthenTrare manufacturing industry
End grain strip rood bloc^- industry
■^■ivelope industry
Excelsior and excelsior products industry
Fan and blower industry
Feed manufacturing industry
Flag manufacturing industry
Floor machinery industry
Fluted CUT), iDan liner and lace pa.-oer industry
Folding uaper box industry
Foundry supply industry
Glazed and fancy Daper indu.stry
Gray iron foundry industry
G\iramed label and embossed seal industry
Gumming industry
Hair cloth m«nuf a.cturing industry
Household ice refrigerator industry
Ice cream cone indu'stry
Irar)orted date pac^ring industrj?-
Insecticide and disinfectant manufacturing industrjT-
Industrial Oil burning equiioraent manufacturing industry
Industrial sa.fety equipment industry and trade
Ladifer manufa.cturing industry
Machined r/aste manufacturing industry
Marine auxiliary machinery industry
Marking devices industry
Mediuia and lovv' nriced jewelry manufacturing industry
Merchant and custom tailoring industry
Metal hat die and rood hat block industry
Metal hospital furniture manufacturing industry
Metal tank manufacturing industry
lietal window industry
Mopstick industry
Musical merchandise manufacturing industry
Nonferrous and steel convector manufacturing industry
Open paioer dritf:ing cup and round nesting parier conta,iner
industry
Ornamental molding, carving and turning industry
Package medicine industry
Packaging machinery industry and. t rad-e
Paxier box machinery industry and trade
Paper disc milk bottle cop industry
Paper stationery and tablet m.anufacturing industry
Perfume, cosmetic and other toilet preparations industry
PetroleujTi equipment industry and trade
Piano manufacturing industry
Picture moulding and. picture frame industry
Pipe organ industry
9791
-95-
CtSIKBAL IIAZAKES (Cont'd)
Firing of stea"i or water boilers (exce-ot boilers not more than 15
TDOunds •press ure_ used, so] el;"' for heatin.-^ 'ouroo ses (Cont'd )
Plu-nbin<?; fixtures industry
Porcelain brenkfnst furniture assemblin;?: industry-
Ponder -nviff industry''
Precious jerelrv producin^•:^ industrj
Preserve, raaraschino cherry and flace frait industry
Print roller and print block manufacturinf: industry'
Printing equipment industrj- and trade
Print iii,5 in': manufacturing industry
Raw peanut milling industry
Ready-raade furniture slir) covers manufacturing industry
Real estate bro'cerage industry
Roc> and slag wool manufacturing industry
Rolling steel door manufacturing ind.ustry
Safety razor and safety razor blade manufacturing industry
Sanitary milr bottle closure industry
Sanitary and Faternroof specialties manufacturing industry
Scrap iron and steel tra.de industry
Smo^'ing niiDe manufacturing industry
Soft fibre manufacturing industry
Spice grinding industry
Steam heating equipmejit manufacturing industry
Surgical dressings industry
Tag industry
Tapioca dry products industry
Textile machinery nanufncturing industry'-
Textile nrint roller engraving industry
Unit heater and/ or unit ventilator manufa.cturing industry
Upholster;- spiring and accessories manufactioring industry
Used textile bag industr;','-
Vacuum cleaner manufacturing industry
Valves and fitting'.- manufacturing industry
Venetian blind industry
Warm air furnace manufacturing industry
Warm air register manufacturing industry
Tater-oroof parser industry
■^axed -caTser industry
^et mop msnu'^acturing industr?/
THieat flour milling industry
Wholesale monumental granite industry
Wholesale monumental marble industry
Titch hazel industry
Wood- cased lead -oencil manufacturing industry
Wood heel industry
Wood plug industry
Wood turning and shaping industries
Wooden insulator pin and braclcet nanufact-aring industry
Wool felt manui'acturing indxistry.
S791
-96-
GENEEAL HAZARDS (Cont'd)
As drivers or a.ssistants to drivers of motor vehicles. or as
helners or delivery "boys on motor vehicles .
A total of 14,'3 of the 166 Industries adorited this clause though
some of thera omitted the Torohltltlon of bo^s ps helriers or delivery
boys.
S^Tltching a.nd ^'orV- On and About Hailroad Egui-pm.ent
Claj'- Drain Tile I'lanufacturing iTidustry
Crushed Stone, Sand and Gravel, and Slag Industry
Earthen-Fare i'anufacturing Industry
Fuller's ''arth Producing and Marketing Indur^try
Importing Trade
Ready-Kixed Concrete Industry
Wholesale Monumental Granite Industry
Tholesale I.onumental jiarble Industry
TTliolesale Tobacco Industry
In the Cutting or TTelding of Metals By Gas ^o r llectricity
Air Valve Industry
All-P'etal Insect Screen Industry
Band Instrument Hanufacturlng Industry
Beauty and Barber Shop Hechanical Equipment Fanufacturing
Industry
Bedding ;'1anufa,cturing Industry
Beverage Disnensing EquiiDment Industry
Bicycle Manufacturing Industry
Brush I-anufacturing Industry
Can Labeling and Can Casing f'achinery Industry and Trade
Cast Iron Boiler and Cast Iron Radiator Industry
Clay !'!achinery Industry
Coin-O'oera.ted I^achine 1 Manufacturing Industry
Commercial Refrigerator Manufacturing Industry
Counter T;/pe Ice-Crcam Free^ier Industry
Cylinder Mould and Dandy Roll Industry
ITloor Machinery Industry
Household Ice Refrigerator Industry
Industrial Oil Burning Equinraent Manufacturing Industry
Industrial Safety Equipment Industry and Trade
Ladder Manufacturing Industry
I'lanufacturing and wholesale Surgical Industry
I'arine Auxilla,ry Machinery Industry
Medium and Lov Priced Jewelry Manufacturing Industry
Metal Hat Die and Wood Hat Bloc^: Industry
Metal Hos-oital Furniture !!anafa.cturlng Industry
Metal '^Tlndow Industry
Metal Tanh Manufacturing Industry
Musical *.'!erchrandise Manufacturing Industry
Honferrov.s and Steel ConvRctor ^Manufacturing Industry
Packge Medicine Industry
Paper Box flachinery Industry and Trade
9791
-97"
GEIIEBAI.. HAZAPJDS (Cont'd)
In the Cutting Oj:_JIeldlnfl: of I'etals By Gas or "Electricity ( Cent ' d)
Ferf-jne, Cosnetic rnd Other Toilet PreDPrations Industry
Fetroleani ■Zquinment Industry and Trade
Piano ?'anufncturing Industry
PiTje riiDiDle Tanufacturing; Industry
Pine Organ Industry
Pluntia? Fixtures Industry
Precious Jevelr.y Producing Industry
Print Roller and Print ^^loch manufacturing Inc^ustry
Printing Zquiionent Indaptr-^ and Tra.de
Rolling Steel Door I'anufacturiug Industry
Steam Heating ::auir)raent f'anufacturing Industry
Top and Playthings Industry
Unit Heater and/or Unit Ventilator llanufacturing Industry
U-oholstery Soring and Accessories ^'Manufacturing Industry *
Vacuum Cleaner Tanufacturing Industry
Valves and 7it tings manufacturing Industry
:7arm Air Furnace ''.an'ofacturing Industry
Tfarm ^:.ir Register Manufacturing Industry
jheat Flour i'illing Industry
In or In Connection Tith Hot C-alvanizina: or Tinninf: Processes
Air Valve Industrj'-
All-i'etal Insect Screen In-fustry
Sedding i'anuf acturing liidustry
Cpji L8."beling and Caa Casing ''achinery Industr^'- and Trade
Beverage Dispensing ■gquipraent Industry
Cast Iron Boiler and Cast Iron Radiator Industry
Coin-0T3eratcd ^'achine :'anuf acturing Industry
Conmercial Refrigerator ''anuf picturing Industry
Counter Tjnje Ice-Cream Rreozer Industry
Fan and Blorer Industry
Floor Tachinery Industry
Household Ice Refrigerator Industry
Industrial Safety Equipment Industry and Trade
Ladder i'anuf acturing Ind.ustry
'Jarine Auxiliary !'achinery Industry
Medium and Low Priced Jerelry I'anufacturing Industry
Metal Hat Die and TTood Hat Block Industry
Metal Tank i'anufacturing Industry
Metal Tindow Industry
iTonferrous and Steel Convector Manufacturing Industry
Packaging Machinery Industry and Trade
Paper Box r'achinery Industry and Trade
Petroleum Equipment Industry and Trade
Piano Manufacturing Industry
Pipe Fip-ple Manufacturing Industry
9791 (*) '/Torded slig'^tly difisrently.
-98-
aEMSRAL HAZARDS (Cont'd')
In or In Connection ^ith Hot G-alvanizinig: or Tinning Processes ( Cont ' d)
Pipe Or gin Industry
Plumbing Fixtures Industry
Precious Jewelry Producing Industry
Printing "quipraent Industry and Trade
Rolling Steel Door J'anufacturing Industry
Stean Hea.ting ^^quinment Manufacturing Industry
To'*'' a.nd Plpytliings Industry
Unit Heater and/or Unit Yentilator J^anufacturing Industry
Vacuun Cleaner JIanufacturing Industry
Warn Air Furnace Manufacturing Industry
^i^
9791
-99-
APPEIIDIX a (2) ,.«
List of Hazardou:-', Occuijations Unsuitable for Ivlinors:
iiOTE: The il.R.A. Codes of Pair Competition for the
indviKtries li >ted. belo'.v established s. mininvam
ai-;e of 16 for any employment in the industry,
and of 18 years, nnd 21 years, at operations
or occutietions hazardous in natiire or detri-
laei.tal to health. 'The code required the
authority tn submit a list of such occupations,
and pursuant to this provision the occupations
listed below v;ere approved by the divisions
administrator as hazardous in nature or detri-
mental to health for minors 18 or 21, as the
case might be, at which said minors shall be
employed.
INDEX
List of occupations unsuitable for minors under 21 - apuroved by
the division administrator:
Codes of Eair Competition EAibit Ho»
3eddin;j Manufacturing Industry 1
List of occupations '.nruitable for minors under 18 - approved by
the di\"i3ion administrator: . t „
Codecs CI lair Competition Exliibit IIo.
Abl^sive Graiii Irri-ur-'try 2
Air Transport Industry 3
Air Valve Industry 4
All-Metal In'ject Screen Industry 5
Alloy Casting; Industry ('■>
American Llatch Industry 7
Animal Soft Hair Industry 8
Art needlework Industry 9
Automotive Chemical S]3ecialties Manufacturing Ind. 10
Anti-Hcg Cholera Sex-aia aiid Ilog-Cholera Virus Ind, 73
Band Instruiuunt Manufacturiiig Industry 11
Batting and Padcdng Industry 12
Beauty ana Barber -Sl'.op MechanicaJ EquioLient
Maxiufacturing Industry 13
Beverage P-ispensing Equipment Industry 14
Bicycle Majiiifacturin.^ Ind.ustry 15
Bobbin and. Spool Industry 16
Broom Manufacturi:v^ Industry 17
Brush liaiiufacturi.ig Industry 18
9791
•100-
Codes of ?air ConTjetition
Exliibit To.
Bulk Drinld.n^ Straw, Wra^yj }ec: Urlnlrin/:; Straw,
WrapDed Toothpick aad Wrapi)ed Kanicure
Stick Indu.stry
Caji Lebelin^ end Csn ca.f.ing Machinery Industry
Canned Salmon Industry
Canning Indii.stry (Fxxi.it and Ve^^jetable, but not
Fish cpnning)
Canvas Stitched Belt Mamafocturing Industry
Carbon Black Manufacturing Industry
Card Clothing Industry
Cast Iron Boiler and Cast Iron .Radiator Industry
Cigar iuanufacturin^- Indii.stry
Clay and Shale Roofing Tile Industry
Clay Drain Tile Manufacturing^ In'faistry
Clay Machinery Industry
Coin-Operated Machine Manufacturing Indn.stry
Coffee Industry
Collective Manufactyj-ing for Door-to-Door
Distribiition Industry
CoiTBTiercial Eefrigerator Manufacturing Industry
Cordage and Tvdne Industjy
Corn Cob Pipe Industry
Counter T3^.e Ice-Cream Freezer Industry
Cotton Cloth Crlove MarAifacturing Industry
Cotton Sag Trade
Crushed Stone, Sand an Gravel, and Slag Industry
Curled Hair Manufacturing Industry
'Cylint.er Mould and Dandy Roll Industry
Dental Gooc-s-and Equipment Industry
Die Casting Manufacturing Industry
Domestic Freight Forwarding Industry
Dov/el Pin Industry
Earthenware Manufacturing Industry
End Grain Strip Wood Block Industry
Envelope Indu.stry
E;:cel;jior and Excelsior Protucts Industry
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
Fan and Blov/er Industry
Feed i*ia,nufacturing Industry
Felc.spar Indcstry
Fibre Can and Tube Industry
Flag Manufacturing Industi'y
Floor and Wall Clay Tile Manufacturing Industry
Floor Machinery Industry
Fluted Cup, Pan Liner end Eace Paper Industry
Folding Paper Box Industry
Foundry Supply Industry
Fresh Oyster Industry
Fuller's Earth Proc.ucing and Marketing Incuctry
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
9791
-101-
Codes of Fair Competition E:-±iibit Fo.
Gfu-ber, Sus;^jeiK.er ?nd Belt Lanv.facturing Induntry 63
Gasoline ?-ui:ip Mrnufacturiiiig Industry 64
Glazed and Pancy Paper Indxistry 65
Grey Iron Povuidry Industry 66
Gummed Lalsel and Lmbossed Seal Industry 67
GuimniU;^-; Industry 68
Hair Cloth Manufacturing Industry 69
Hog-Cholera Virus and Anti-Eog Cholera Serum Ind. 70
EouseliOld Ice Eeiri{jerator Industry 71
Ice Cream Cone Industry 72
Imported Date Packing Indiistry 73
Importing Trade 74
Industrial Oil Burning Equipment ivianufacturing Ind. 75
Industrial Safety Equipment Industry and Trade 76
Insecticide and Disinfectant lisnufacturing Industry 77
Knitting, Braic ing and V/ire Covering Machine Industry 78
Ladder i-ianufacturing Industry 79
Linseed Oil Iianufacturing Industry 80
Live Foi-'.ltry Industry of the Metropolitan Area
in £jid ehout the City of New York 81
Macaroni Industry 33
Machined Wa.ste Manufacturing Industry 83
Manuiact\.ring and Wholesale Surgical Industry 84
iiiarine Af-ciliary Machinery Industry 85
Marking Devices Industry 86
Meditijn ?nd Low Priced Jerelry Maniif acturing Industry 87
Merchant and Cn.stom Tailoring Industx-y 88
Metal liat Die and Wood Hat Block Industry 89
Metal Hospital Furniture Manufacturing Industry 90
Metal Tajol: Maiiuiacturing Industry 91
Metal 'window Industry 92
Mopstick Industry 93
Musical Merchandise Manufacturing Iiidustry 94
Nonferrous and Steel Convector Mantifacturing Ind. 95
NonferrovLS Scrap Metal Trade 96
Open Paper Drinking C-^o sxi(.- Hound l-Jesting Paper
Container Industry 97
Ornamental Molding, Carving and Turning Industry 98
Package MeJ.icine Industi^y 99
Packaging Machinery Indixstry and Trade 100
Paper Box Machinery Indt).stry and Trade 101
Paper Disc Milk Bottle Cap Industry }02
Paper Me^.ers Felt Industry 103
Paper Stationery ano. Taolet Manufactu.ring Ind. 104
9791
r.102-
Codes of Fair Competition Exhiliit IIo.
PeriUi.ie, Cosmetic and Other Toilet Preparations
Industry 105
Petrole-ojn Ilquipment Industry and Tra.de 106
PhotO;i'r£.pliic and PhotjQ Finishing Industry 107
Pianr© i.iantifactL\ring Industry ' 108
pictu.re Moulding and Picture Frame Industry 109
Pipe i^ipple Maiiufacturing Industry 110
Pipe Organ Industry 111
Plurahin, Fixtii.res Industry 112
Porcelain Breal-cfast Furniture Asr.embling Industry 113
Powder Puff Industry 114
Precioxis Jev/elry Producin;^ Industry 115
Presei-ve, Maraschino Cherry ?nd (l-lace Fruit Inc. 116
Print Roller and Print Block Manufacturing Ind. 117
Printing Equipment Industry and Trade 118
Printing Inl: Manufacturing Indxxstry 119
Haw Peanut Milling Industry 120 ,
Eeady-Made Furnitiire Slip Covers Manufacturing
Industry 121
Ready-Mixed Concrete Industry 122
Real Estate Brokerage Industry 123
Retail Monujnent Industry 12^_
Rock aiid Slag Wool Manu.facturing Indiistry 125
Rolling Steel Door Manufacturing Industry 126
Safety Razor and Safety Ra^or Blade Manufacturing Ind. 127
Sand-Lime Bricj- Industry 128
Sanitary and Waterproof Specialties Manufacturing Ind. 129
Sanitary Milk Bottle Closure Industry 130
Sanitary Hapkin and Cleansing Tissu.e Industry 131
Scrap Iron and Steel Trade Indiistry 132
Scrap Ruhher Trade 133
Secondary AlujTiinura Industry _ 134
Smelting and Refining of Secondary Metals int« (\
Brass and Bronze Alloys and Ingot F'orrii Industry 135
Smoking Pipe lianufacturing Industry 136
Soft Fihre Manufacturing Industry 137
Spice Grinding Industry 138
Stea.i Ileacing Equipment i..anufactu.ring Industry 139
Surgical Dresn..ngs Industry 140
Tag Industry 141
Tank Car Service Industry 142
Tapioca Dry Proc'ucts Industry 143
Textile Machinery Manufacturiixg Industry 144
Textile Print Roller Engraving Incbistry 145
Toy ajid Playthings Industry l'^^6
Trailer L:a,ni\fs,cturing IjKUistry 147
Trucking Industry 148
Trout Farming Industry in the Eastern Section 149
9791
-103-
Codes of Eair^.Competition • Exhibit IJo.
Unit Heater and/or Unit Ventilator I.Ianufacturing Inc.. 150
Upholstery Spring and Accessories Maimfr.cturing Ind. 151
Used Textile Bag Industry 152
Used Textile Ilachinery and Accessories Distributing
Trade 153
Vaccuum Cleaner Manufacturing Industry 154
Valves and Sittings Mpnuf acttiring Industry 155
Venetiaii Blind Industry ' 156
Warm Air F-arnace lianufacturin^ Industry ' 157
Warm Air Register Manuf actui-i ng Industry 158
Waste Paper Industry ' • 159
Waterproof Paper Indus-try 150
Waxed Paper Industry 161
Wet Mop Manii-facturing Industry 162
Wheat Flour Milling Industry 163
Witch Hazel Industry 164
Wliolesale Monumental G-ranite Industry 165
Wholesale Llonumental Marble Industry 166
Wholesale Tobaccj Industry " 16V
Wood Cased Lead Pencil Manufacturing Industry 168
Wood Heel Industry _ 169
Wood Plug Industry ' 170
Wood Turning and Shaping Industries 171
Wooden Insulator Pin and Bracket Manufacturing Ind. 172
Wool Felt Maimfacturing Industry 173
9791
-104^
EXHIBIT .1
BEDDIJIG I'LAiraTACTUPJlIO INDUSTRY
I. ., Occupations involving general hazards
1. As drivers or assistnnts to drivers of motor vehicles or as
helpers or delivery boys on motor vehicles.
2. In, or assisting in, the operr.tion of gas, oil, or stp.-ijn
engines or other prine movers.
3. In the care, custody, operation or repair of elevatcrs,
cranes, derric'^s, or other hoisting ap^oaratus, eric^pt
in the operation of (1) dom^waiters as defined hy the
iUnerican Standards Association, or ( S) of elev-tors
equip;ped only for a.utoTm.tic operation.
4. Firing of stean or water "boilers (e:ccept "boilers of not
more th-m 15 pounds pressure used solely for henting
purposes.)
5. In foundries, all vrorh in the foundry proper.
6. All cleaning or grinding operation; in foundries.
7. In malleo.'ble foundries, operations involving handling: of
heated castings, etc. , in connection r/ith axinealing v/ork.
8. All '7ork in foundries involving ercposure to molten lead or
BJiy molten lead alloy, or to dust of lead or of -^ny lead
alloy,
9. In the cutting or -Telding of metals "by gas or electricity,
10. In or in co:inection '7ith hot galvanizing or tinning process-
es,
11. Furnace oper-^tors for prelie'^ting net"^ls,
II • • Occupations involving specific mecaanical hazards -mo.chine
work (prohi"bition to a;pply to oper-ting, assisting in op-
erating or taking material from the foll'^'iing machines)
12. Work on picker machines,
1'6, All garnett departnent operators, including opening nach—
ines,
14, Grinding, a'brasive, polishing or bixffin- -'heels r)rcvidnd
that apprentices opei'ating under conditions of "bona fide
apprenticeship may grind their QTm tools,
15. Hetal-cutting machines having a guillotine action,
16. Metal pla,te "bending machines h;uidling material of nore t'nrJi
0,2145 inch in thickness,
17. Poi^er-driven netal olaning machines,
13. Circular sa'.TS ased in the cutting of metals,
19, All aut on ■'t i c cut-off savs,
20, Wire stitching mi,chinery.
21, Wire straightening raachi:ies, on T'ire heavier th^n ilo.ll
gauge,
22, Power shears of all kinc's,
23, All tj'pes of launch oresses.
5791
-105-
24, Z}ie-settin{:^ on wire crimping machines*
25. Oper-'^tion of wood planers or otner pone r-c. riven T^'^od--orl:-
ing machinery, or '-trk as off-bearer,
26o Ripsaw Operators,
27, Sajid s-^Fin^,' and cut-off machines.
23. l.;achinery used in the cold rolling of heavy meta.l stock,
29. Boring mills.
30, Dip machine operators,
31, Routing machines,
32. Beating machines and hand berating.
33. In oiling, cleaning or "iping machinery or shafting iii
notion.
34, In applying belts to pulleys in motion or assisting the:'pi:i,
III, Occupations involving healt.:. hazards
55. In the handling of unsterilized animal hair.
36. All sprpy "booth operations.
57, In all processes nhere subst-'-nc'^s containing lead or -ni^ of
its compounds are used in a liquid or povrdered foi— or at
a temperature smficient to v.-^porize lead,
38. I7ork involving exposare to benriol or a)iy benzol conpcuiid Thich
is volatile or nhich c^i.n penetrate the skin,
39. Removal of finishes by acids, alkali or thinners,
40. In heavy lifting (vreight liiaited to 40 pounds for a single
person) ,
IXilBIT 2. ' .
iBRASIVi, GILxIJ IIiDUSTRY
I, Occiipations involving general hazards
1, liring of ste^ra or 'Tater boilers (except boilers of not
more thp;a 15 lbs, pressure used solely for eating pia--
poses) .
2, As drivers or assist^jits to drivers of motor vehicles, or as
helpers or delivery boys on motor vehicles,
3, In, or assisting in, the operation of g s, oil, or ste-n
engines or other orxne m "^'err:.
4, In the care, custody, operation or re i air of elevators,
crenes, derricks, or other hoisting a;p'"iar'^tus, except in
the opor?tion of (a) dumb-waiters as de-^ined by the Aaeri-
can Standards Association, or (b) of elevators eqtiipped
only for automatic operation,
II, Oc;uoations involving specific r.iechrnical hazarcs — machine nork,
(Prohibition to apply to oper-ting, assisting in operat-
in^g, or taking nat^^rial from the follcing machines),
5, Lachinery having a heavy rolling or crashing ■action.
6, Roller mixers, pug mills, putty chasers or forming machinery
of the pressure t'fpe,
7, In oiling, clepning or wiping n-'chinery or sh.-jfting in mo-
tion,
8, ADpl;/in:; belts to pulleys in motion or assisting theipin,
III, Occupations involving health hazards
S7S1
-106-
In processes nhei-e quartz or pnY other forms of silicon
dioiicide or ?n asbestos silic':'te is present in ■ooi7d-r°d
1 orm,,
■EXHIBIT 3
AI?- TIlAiJSPOHT L.TUSTRY '
1. Occupations of pilot, co-pilot," and stewardess,
2, Ciper'tion of groinid servicing,
EXHIBIT ^
AIH lldNE. liTOUSTRY
I, Occup'itions involving general haz-irds
1, As drivers or -i.tsistants to drivers of motor vehicle::: or as
helpers or delivery "boys on notor vehicles,
2, In, or assisting in, the operation of gas, oil, or steam
_ engines or other prime movers.
S, In the care, custody, operation or rep-iir of elevators,
cranes, derricks, or other hoisting apparatus, e::cp-ot in
the operation of (l) diimbwaiters as defined by the
American St.',,ndards Association, or (3) of elevators
equipped only for automatic operation.
4, Firing of steam or ^later boilers (except boilers of not
more th,an 15 pouiids pressure used solely for heating
purposes) .
5, In foiondries (ferrous a;ad nonferrous), all i^rk in ■''he
foundry proper.
6, All cleaning or grinding operations in foundries,
7, All -fork in foundries involving e:q)osure to molten lead
or aiijr molten lead alloy or to dust of lead or of aiv
lea,d plloy,
8, In malleable foundrius, opera.tions involvirog handling of
heated castings, etc., in connection \7ith annealing
\york,
9, In the cutting or vrelding of •met'^ls by gas or electricity,
10, In or in con/.ection with hot galvanizing or tinning process-
es.
H, Occupations involving specific mechanical ha.zards -machine
Fork (Prohibition to ao'oly to operating, assisting in
oper-vtine-, or trjcing materifO. frora the follo^nng ■■•^achi'oes, )
11, Grinding, abrasive, polishing, or buffing wheels, pre vided
that apprentices oper-^ting under conditions of bona fide
apprenticeship may grind their o-tl tools,
12, Metal-cutting machines having a guillotine action,
13, Machinery used in the cold rolling of neavy metal stock,
14, Ketal plate bending machines handling m.n.terial of more thrn
0.2145 incn in thickness.
2791
"107-
15, Po'^er-driven metal planing machines,
16, Circular sav^s used in the cutting of metals,
17, Borin^; mills.
IS, Po7;-er she,---rs of all kinds,
19, Punch presses or stamping machines if the clear-mc? 'oet-
ween the ram and the die or the stripper exceeds one-fourth
inch,
Er.ception; Apprentices: Employment on any of the above-
named Piachines may he permitted in the case of minors
between 16 and 18 years of age who are bQiia, fide appren-
tices,*
20, In oiling, cleaning or v.dping m.achiiier,y or shaftin,?; in
motion,
21, In applying belts to pulleys in motion or assisting tjae:.ein,
III Occupptionc involving health hazards
22, All ifork in spray painting,
23, 'Jork involving exposure to benzol or any benzol compouiid
which is volatile or i-'hidx can penetrate the skin,
24, 'Jork involving e:rposure to chromic a.cids, chroraates, or
bichromates,
25, Work involving excessive e:r[D0sure to corrosive subst^nc^s*
* Apprentices shall be defined as "those who are regularly
indentur^'d ■ander contra,ct to tne industry :'or a suf-
ficient period of ti-ne to be systematically advar.ced
through the virious operations, shops, depart •-'_ents,
etc., of a tr^de, occupi-'^tion or industry, and who
receive educational training in an organizf-d ed-ucrtion-
al institation dur-ng a Dortion of thpir "orkin time,"
EXHIBIT 5
ALL-IliiTAL Ix.'SiiCT SCHEE^T IKDUSTRY
I. Occupations involving general hazards
1, In the crttting of welding of metals b-?- gas or electricity,
2, In or in connection with hot g'-rlv^nizing or tiiining pro-
cesses,
3, i.0-'J.ding work, cor^ mgking or othex- processes where such
work exposes them to tae hazard.s of melted metal, or
lead or zinc fujaes, either directly or indirectly,
4, All cleaning or grincing operations,
5, All work which involves the handling of metallic lead, ^
6, In the outside i:-istallation of screens ^-hen work must be
carried on 10 feet above grade (the level of an ad.-
joining fla,t roof may be taken as grade).
57S1
-108-
II. Occiipations involving specific mechanical hazards -np.chine rork
(prohibition to apply to oper -t.ing, assisting 'in oper-.tip..^;,
or teiking material from tne folloTing machines)
7, Grinding, o,l)rr?sive, polishing or "b-affing 'Theels; provided
that apprentices operating under conditions of boni xide
apprenticesLiip inay grind their own tools,
8, i;etal cutting ;:a,chines having a guillotine action,
9, Ketal plate bending machines ho,ndling material of nore than
0.2145 inch in thickness,
in, 'power-driven metal planing nachines,
11. Circular sa,ws used in the cutting of raetals,
12. V'ire stitching raaxhmery.
13. machinery having a heavy rolling ar crushing action,
14. L'achinery used in the cold rolling of heavy metal stock,
15. ■ Soring mills.
■£::;Geption; Apprentices: Eraplo^/ment on any of the dhove-nained
machines may he loerraitted in the case of minors "bet^-een
IS and 18 years of age who are hona fide apprentices,
III Occupations involving health hazards
IS, Lead soldering work.
17, All work involving exposure to acid in connection with
pickling of sh^^et plate,
18, All '.'ork in spray painting,
19, In all processes ^'-here suostance conti.inirg lead or its
compounds are used,
20, In processes v/here materials producing a silicosis ha.zard
are present.
t
Apprentices shall he defined as "those who a,re regularly in-
dentured -under contract to the industry for a. sufficient period of
time to he systematically advanced thjrough-the various operations,
shops, dep.rtnents, etc., of a trade, occupation, or industry, and
who receive educational training in an organizied educational insti-
tution during a portion of their working tine.
9791
•109-
ZKHIEI2_-6
ALLOY GASTIHC^ ITTDUS'i'EY
I. Occumtions involving s-jecific mechanicj^l hazards —
machine \7ork»
(Prohibitions to sryjly to operatint^, assistin^^ in
operating", or taking material from the following
machines).
1. Grinding, abrasive, -polishiu^-:, or buffing wheels;
provided that a-r^rentices operating under conditions
of bona fide a-i 'renticeship may grind their oim
tools,
2. Metal-cut tins, machines ho.ving a giiillotine action.
3. I/iachinery used in the cold rollin,^ of heavy metal
stock.
4. Metal plate bending macliines liandli:\-' material of
more tha/a 0.2145 inch in tliiclcness.
5. Pov;er-driven metal ;~la.ning machines.
6. Circular sav/s used in the cutting of metals .
7. Boring mills.
8. Pov;er shears of all kinds.
9. Punch presses or stamping machines if the clearance be-
tween the ram and th5 die or the stripper exceeds one-
fourth inch.
Bzce-otion — Apprentices — EmolojTnent on any of the above-
named machines may be permitted in the case of minors
between 16 and 18 years of age who are bona fide
apprentices.
10. In oilin;^-, cleaning or v/iping macliinery or sh9.fting in
motion.
11. In applying belts to pulleys in motion or assisting
therein.
II. Occupations involving general hazards
12. Innon^orrous foundries, all work in the foundry proper.
13. All cleaning or grinding o^Terations in foundries.
14. All vrark in foujidries involving ex-iosure to molten lead
or any molten lead alloy, or to dust of lead or of any lead
alloy.
15. As drivers or assistants to drivers of motor vehicles or
as hclT5ers or delivery boys on motor vehicles.
16. In or assisting in the operation of gas, oil or steam
engines or other prime movers.
17. In the care, custody, operation or reiair of elevators,
cranes, derricks, or other hoisting apparatus, except
in the operation of (l) d'oinbwaiters as defined by the
American Standards Association, or (2) elevators equipped
9791
-lie-
only for autorac.tic o^Teration,
18. Firint^ of steam or water "boilers (exce;Tt iDcilers of not
more than 15 ITss. "-.ressure used solely for heatin£; pur-
poses) .
III. Occir:atio:is involving, health liazarcls
19. work involvint^ ex-)osure to chromic acids, chroraates or
tichromates,
20. Work involvinj;,- exjosure to daMgerous f-umes.
ilivHiBII 7
AMEHICAll laTCH IIIDUST3Y
I. Occupations involving" ^.eneral hazards
1. As drivers or assistants to drivers of motor vehicles or
3-s herders or delivery hoys on motor vehicles.
2. In or assistiHij in the operation of tjas, oil, or steam
entwines or other '^rirae movers.
3. In the care, custody, opei'ation or repair of elevators,
cranes, derricks, or other hoistinfj apparatus, except
in the operation of (a) dumbwaiters as defined by the
American S^^andai-ds Association, or (o) elevators equipped
. , onli for automatic operation.
4. Firin^- of steam or water toilers (except toilers of not
more than 15 Ihs. -pressure used solely for heatin;-,' pur-
poses).
II. Occupatious involvin'j specific mechanical mzards — machine v/ork.
(Prohihition to apply to operatin;:^, a.ssisting in operating,
or takint^ material froia the follovi-it, maxhinesX
5. Operation of pov:er-driven v;ood'..'or;:in^' machinery, or vork as
of flearers.
Where match hoxes are manufactured :
6. Machinery of stampint^ or ptuich-press type used in the inanu-^-
facture of paper or ^aper t;oods if the clearance betv^een the
ram and the die of the stripper exceeds one-fourth inch.
7. Paper-ciitting' niachines liavin^, a ^uillotine action.
8. Creasors, slit '.ere, or crii.rdiit, printintj or /.rainint^ rolls
which are not i-^u.ardea at tac joint of operation.
9. Corner-stayin:;, corner-ctittin_, or ev.diiii;.: machines used in
the paper-box industr:,' if th? openin^; to meet the plung-er
exceeds one-fotirth inch.
9791
-111-
Sxception: Stirh comer-stayin{^ machines equip;ied with
an a-atoro^tic device tliat v.lll instantly ston the dov.Ti-
•vTard notion of the -_^^ ranger should the finger of the
operator como hetv/een the ;-ilvin,_;or and the anvil. .
5xce-:;tion; Ar";rentices: Enr^lo^.inent on any of the
above-naned machines may he ;;ennitted in the case
of minors "bet^-een 16 and 18 years of a4;e who are
"bona fide a-^;Trentices.
10. In oil in::, cleaning; or ^vii^in- macninery or sliaftin^
in motion.
11. In applying; holts to -3ulleys in motion or assistinc
therein,
III. Occupations involvintj health hazards,
12, All occ-a-iations which involve e:ciocure to white or
yellow phosphorus.
13, In the use of dan.^^erous dyes.
Apprentices shall oe defined as "those who are re£-u-
larly indentured tmdor contract to the Industry, for
a sufficient period of time to he systematically ad-
vanced throw;h the various operations, sho^Ts, depart-
ments, etc, of a trade, occupation or -indiistry, and
T'ho receive educational trainint i^- s,n organized educa-
tional institution d\\ring a portion of .their working
time. "
3XKIBIT 8
AinivAL soil HAIR lilDUSTP.Y
The Code of Pair Competition for the Animal Soft Ilair Industry
estahlished a minimum age of 16 for any emrployment in the industry,
and of 18 at operations or occupations liazardous in nature or detri-
mental to health. Pursuant to this provision the occupations listed
"below hoave been designated as hazardous in nature or- detrimental to
health for minors under 13 at which no minor under 18 shall he em-
ployed:
I. Zvery occupation involving the ha.ndlin,^ of hair in
productive processes,
1. Separating all hair fro:.i the furs or shins.
2. Disinfecting the lia.ir,
3. Sorting, classifying and matchin,;; of hair.
4. Cutting of all I'sir to certain sizes,
5. Combing of all hair whether by machinery or by Imnd,
9791
-112-
6. '(Tasliing and 'bleachin;: of hair.
7. Tyin^ hair vco in h-andles a.nd ;paclcins hxair.
II. G-eneral hazards
8. As drivers of traclis or other motor vehicles or as
hel-jiers or delivery hoys on such, vehicles.
9. In the operation or re;iair of elevators, cranes,
derricks or other hoistiniT, apmratus, ezce^Dt in
the o:;nration of (l) dvdnbv/aiters as defined hy
the American Standrrds Association, or (2) ele-
vators eq^u-i'^ped only for 3.utomatic operation.
10. In, or assisting in, the o^Teration of &as, oil,
or steam enjines used as ;• rime movers.
11. Firin^ of steam or vater "boilers (except boilers of
not more tlia.n 15 Ihs. pressure used solely for hes.t-
in^a purposes).
EXHIBIT .9
AHT IISEDLZWOBK IITDUSTHY
ITo. 335
(B«f. - Code History)
" D. Other Lg-hor Provisions;
1. Child l£iT3or: Section 1 of Article V of the
Art TTeedleiTorlc Code prohibits persons under 16 years of
age being emr:)loyed in the Industry, and further states
tliat no person under 13 years of age shall be employed
at operations or occupations liazardous in nature or
detrimental to the health. The Code' Authority lias follow-
ed the provisions of this section and ha.s complied vdth
the latter "tiart of this section in submitting a list of
hazardous occu:-iations '.7hich nas ap-oroved by the IT. ?., A.
on July 20, 1934. (*)
The only occupations v:hich it appears desirable, so
far as ve Iniov.' the Industrj", to prohibit for minors under
13, are those common to most manufacturing industries:
(*) Ap'^roved by letter oi' Division Acijninistrator. ilo
order issued. Only reference available: Division
Administrator's files. Ho order issued. (P.
27a).
9791
-llo-
1. As drivers or assistants to drivers of motor
vehicles, or'rs helpers or dolivei^' boys on motor
vehicle&,- ' •
2. In, or assisting in, the opBraticn of tjas, oil
or stearj en^'ires or otner ^frime movers.
3. In the care, cu.stcdy, operation or re^^air of
elevat^ns; cK.nos, dcrric'_^;s, or other hoisting
apparatxiSv e::c-.ept in "tiife" operation of (l) durn'o-
\.T.iter3 as dc±l-icd iDy the American Standards
■ Associ.a'"ion, or (s) elevators equipped only for
av-tomacic operation.; \
4. Firin^; of steam or rater boiiers (except boilers
of not more than 13 lbs. pr'essure used solely for
heatin^^ purposes).' : ■ :,
If the Induct r:,.^ ir.cludes the '^•^'roceS'sinr. of yarns, the
fcllowinff sho'ulf,. ce- -p-.vhi'ci Kt-d. ■■■■•■■
5. Foi"': on openers, nickers, (lappers)' or cards used
in the textile industry. • '.
Also; ■ ■ ■
6. Cloth SlitterG, if used in any branch of the Industry,
■. ■ . ■ ■ ■ ZX:iIBI^ .10
■ AUI0IXTI?2: CH>:;::iC:.AL SPECIAITIUS LlAlTUITACTimilC- IITDUSTRY
I, !.Ieclia.nical and Health Hi slcs
1. In oilin^, cleaning or ri;'in;; raa.chinery or shafting in
raoticn.
2. In applying belts to -^ulleys in motion or assisting
therein.
3. In occ"jpations involving exposure to fros silica dust,
asbestos dust, o.r -othep dusts in' injurious quantities,
4. .In occupations involving exposure to the follov7ing
substances if present in inc'iicti-:^:
(a) ITitro and araio.o derivatives of benzol
or taluel
(b) 'Arsenic or its com-^ounds
(c) Benzol
(d) Gr.rbon Bisulphide
(e) •. Chlorine
(f) Cr°cnote
(g) Hi'dro fluoric acid or its compounds
(h) Hydrocyanic acid or its compounds
(i) Hs'^drogen sulphide
9791
U)
(k)
(1)
(m)
(n)
(o)
(p)
'
and
. (q)
5.
In a
,ccu-o
-114-
Lead or its conr-)o"uiids-
Mercury or its cor.no\inds
Mesothori"uin or its radioactive derivatives
Hitrous gases
White or yellov ^-^hosphoras
Eadi^um or its radioactive derivatives
TetTachl ore thane
Other sutstances ha.vin{^' similar injurious
properties.
;),tions involving excessive exposure to the
follov;ing substances if present in industry:
(a) Antimony or its compounds
. , , , (h) Carbon dioxide
(c) Carbon monoxide
(d) Carbon tetrachloride
(e) Chromic acids,' chroraates, or bichromates
(f) Corrosive substances
■(g) Methanol (' jf
(h) Petroleum or- its low-boiling distillates. •
_ , such as gasoline, naphtha, or benzine
(i) Tar ■
(j) Trichioretivione
(k) Turpentine
. -and (l) Other substances Imving similar injurious- ;
properties
II. (general Outside and Ifeintonance Hazards
6. As drivers of truclcs or other motor vehicles or as
helpers or delivery boys on such vehicles
7, In, or assisting in, the operation of gas, oil, or
steam engines used as prime movers
8, In the operation, custody, or repair of eleva,tors,
cranes, derricks or other hoisting apparatus, except in
the operation of (l) dumbv/aiters as defiaied by the Amer-
_^ ican Standards Association, or -{o) of elevators equipped
only for automatic operation
9. Firing of steam or i-^ater boilers (except boilers of not
more than (l5) pounds pressure used solely for heating
purposes).
10. Lifting of heav^y'' \7eights (50 lbs. maxira-um) ;
9V91
-115- ■
EXHIIIT 11 .
1. Occuoptions involving f^eneral hpzards , -. , .
1. As drivers, --or assistci-.ics to drivers of motor vehicles or
as helpers or delive-'v boys on inocor' vehicles.
2. In, or assisting in, the operatiipn of gas, oil, or steam
engines or other ' prime mover's,
o. In the care, cu.s"ody, operation or repair cf elevators,
crr.nes, derricks, cr other hoistiu.g npparat-as, except
in the operati'-;n of (l) dainhv/aiters as defined hy the
American Standards AsBociat ion,, or (2) of elevators
epuipped only for autcmatic operation.
4. Firing" of steam 'or water boilers (e--:ceiDt boilt:rs of not
more than 15 ooands pressure used solely for heating
purooses).
5. In the cutting or welding of metals by gas or electricity.
II. Occupations involving specific rafechanical ha7Prds - machine work.
6. Grinding, abrasive, polishing, or brffing wheels.
7. lv';etal-cutting machines having a ■-•'uiilotine action.
8. Machinery -used in the cold rolling of hea-r,' metal stock
9. Metal plate bending machines handling material of more, than
0.2145 inch in thickness.
10. Power-driven metal planing machines.
11. Circular snxs used in the cutting of metals.
12. Boring Mills.
13. ''ower shears of all kind's.
14. Punch presses or stamping machines if the clearance between
the ram and the die or the stripper exceeds one-fo^JU-th
inch.
15. Wire stitching machinc-ry.
16. {.Machinery having a heavy rolling or crushing action.
17. _ Molding, splitting," rolling, perforating, stamping, dieing-
- • out, embossing, bv.rnisxTing, clicking,, skiving, stripping
or buffing machines u.red in the leather ix^du-jtry.
18. All occupations .c£.rried on in connection witn power-driven
wood working machinery.
19. In oiling, cleaning or wiping machinery or shat ■•■ in^r in
motion.
20. In applying belts to pulley in motion or assisting therein.
III. Occupations involving health haz.ards ^ .
21.- Lead soldering, work. .
22. All work involving exposure to acid in connection with
pickling of sheet plate.
23.- Work involving. ^xoQ.sur'?' to T>erizol, or. a:hy benzol comoo-'and
which- i.s- volatile, or .which can. penetrate the skin.
24. In the use of d^^ngerous dyestuffs.
25. All work in spray -jainting.
9791
-116-
EXHIBIT 12.
BATTING AND PADDING INDUSTRY
I. Occupations involving mechanical hazards — machine work.
(Prohibition ts aoply to operating and. assisting in oper- '
ating or taking materials from the following machines:)
■v 1-' Power shears of all kinds.
2. Garnett machines. ■ '
.3. -Stuffing machines.
4. ; Opener, pickers, or cards (Same as used in the Textile'
Industry) .
5.- Cutting operations.
II. • General hazards
6. In oiling, cleaning or wiping machinery or shafting in
motion. , .
7. In applying belts to oulleys in motion or assisting there-
in.
8. As drivers of trucks or other raotof" vehicles or as helpers
or delivery boys on same.
9. In custody, operation or repair of elevators, cranes',
derricks or other hoisting apparatus, except in thfe
operation of (l) (Jumbwaiters as defined by the American
Standards AssociaMon, or (2) elevators equipped only
for automatic operation,
10. Firing of steam or ifater boilers (except boilers of hot
more than 15 lbs. pressure used solely for heatinig
p o'ooses) .
11. In or assisting in the operation of gas, oil, or steam
engines used as orime movers.
., ..• ■ - EXHIBIT 15.
BEAUTY AND BARBER SHOP I^iECHANICAL EQUIPflENT MANUFACTTJRING INDUSTRY
I. Occupations involving general hazards
•1. In the cutting or welding of .metals by gas or electricity.
2. As drivers or assistants to drivers of motor vehicles or
.:■: as helpers. or delivery -boys on motor vehicles..
3. In, or assisting in, the operation of gas, oil, or steam
engines or other jrime movers.
4. Firing of steam or water boilers (except boilers of not
more than 15 lbs. pressure us.eij.. solely for heating,
: :(■-;;- ■■■ purposes, ^..j,. j? :^... ,. « ,. .
II. Occupations involving specific mechanical hazards—machine work.
■ .(Prohibition to apply to. operating,, assisting in operat-
,.; ing_, or . taking material from the following machines).
9791,
-117-
5. Grinding, abrasive, polishins; or buffing; wheels; 'provided
that aopreenticei oper?ting under conditions of bona fide
apprenticeship may grind their own tools.
6. Ketal-cutting machines havj.np: a guillotine action.
7. Circular sav^s used in the cutting of metals.
8. Boring Mills.
9. Punch cresses or stBirioing m^'chires if the clenrance between
the ram and the die or the stripper exceeds one-fourth
inch.
10. Wire stitching machinery.
III. Occupations involving health hazards
11. All work in spray painting.
12. Work involving exoCs'Ji'e to benzol or any benzol co'm-
pound'which is volatile or which can penetrate
the skin.
13. Work involving exoosure to chromic pcids, chrompte's,
or bichromates.
14. Lead soldering work.
E:?aiBI? 14
BEVERAG-E DISPENSim EQ,UIPi-ENT Ii^a)USTPY
Occupations involving specific mechanical hazards — machine work.
(Prohibition to aooLy to operating, 'assisting in oper-
ating, or taking material from the following
machines) .
.1. Grinding, abrasive , polishing, or buffing wheels.
2. Metal cutting machines having a guillotine action.
3. Machinery used in co'ld rolling of heavy metal stock.
4. Metal plate bending machines handl.ing ma.terial of m.ore
than 0.2145 inch in thickness.
5. Power-driven metal planing machines.,
•6. Circular aaws used in the cutting of metals.
7. Boring mil ic.
8. Power shears of all kinds.
9. Punch presses or f.tar.Ding machines if the clearance
between the ram and the die or the stripper exceeds
one-fourth inch
10. Wire stitching machinery.
11. Klachinery having a heavy rolling or crushing action.
12. Operation of all power-driven woodworking machinery,
or work as off -bearer.
13. Poller mixers, pug mills, dry pans, outty chasers,
forming processes or other molding machinery of the
pressijire type.
14. In 5iling, cleaning or wiping machinery or shafting in
motion.
15. In applying belts to oulleys in motion or assisting
therein.
9791.
-118-
II. .OccuTD.ations involving health hazards
16. Lead soldering work,
17. Al"! WorV involving exiDOSiire to acid in connection with
■Dibkling of sh.?pt nlate.
18. In mirror manufacturing.
19. In all Tjrocesses where , qufef'tz, or any other form of silicon
dioxide or an asbestos silicate is rjpesent in -nowd^red form,
20. All work in s-oray nainting.
31, In all -orocess^s where substances containinff lead or any
of its comtiounds are used in a liquid or iDowdered form,
or at a temoerature sufficient to va"oorize lead,
22. Work involving ex-oosure to benzol or any benzol comTDOund
which is volatile or which can -oenetrate the skin.
23. In cutting or grinding glass,
24. Work involving ex-oosure to chromic acids, chromates, or
bichromates.
25. Work involving excessive . exnosure to corrosive substances,
III, OccuTDations involving general hazards
26. In the cutting or welding of metals by gas or electricity.
27. In or in connection with hot galvanizing or tinning
TDrocesses.
28. Where the industry includes foundries:
In ferrous or non-ferrous foundries, all work
in the foundry -oroner.
All cleaning or grinding ODerations in
foundries.
All work in foundries involving eTt)'^sure to
molten lead, or any molten lead alloy or
to dust or lead or of any lead alloy.
In malleable foundries, onerations involving
handling of heated castings', etc. , in
connection with annealing work,
29. As drivers or assis1?ants to drivers of motor vehicles
or as helioers or delivery boys on motor vehicles,
30. In the care, custody, o-oe- ation or repair of elevators,
cranes, derricks, or othe- hoistin^: a-o-oaratus, exce-ot
.in the or>eration of (a) dumbwaiters as defined by
the American Standards Association, or (b) o^*^
elevators equi-ooed only for automatic ODeration.
31. Firing of steam or water boilers (excent boilers of
not more, then 15 lbs. -oressure used solely for
. , . heating Tour-Dos-^s),
32. In or assisting in the oiDeration of s:as, oil, or steam
. '0, ,. .■
>. engines or otner Torirae movers.
9791
-11,9-
TJIXHTEIT 15
B"CYCLB:. ^lA!^UFAC^JRING IKDUSTRY
I« OcciiiDations involving soecific mechanica'' hazards — machine
vrork.
1. ■ Grinding, abrasiv^, -oolishing or hu-^fing wheels; provided
that aiD'-rcntic = s 0"oerating under conditions of bona
fide at)rir>snticeshi-D may grind their own tools,
2. Metal-cutting machines having a guillotine action.
3. Machinerv used in the cold rnl^.ing of heavy metal- stock,
4. Circular sa^s used in the cutting of metals.
5. Power shears of all kinds.
6. Punch iDressiS or stam-oin^ ma.chin='S if the clearance
"between tne rani and the die or the striuner exceeds
one-fourth inch.
7. All occunations in forcing sho^s,
Exceotion: ATD^rentices: Hm-C'loyment on anv of the
above-named mochiJnes may be -oerrj:! tted in the case
of minors between 16 and 18 years of age who ai'e
bona fide an'oi entices,
8'. In oiling, cleaning or wi-olng Tna.chinerv or shafting
in motion.
9. In a-o ilying belts to -nullevs in motion or assisting
therein.
II» OccuTDations involving health hazards
10. All work in s-orav -oaintine- •
11. Wori^ involving en^osure to chromic acids, chromates
and bichr ornate SA„
12. . WorVr invo^^ving e:ccessive ex-oosure to corrosive
substanc^eSo
III. • OccuDaticns involving general hazards
13. In the cutting or welding o-f metals by gas or elec-
tricity.
14. As drivers or assistants to driver k of m'^tor vehicles,
or "s hel-oers or delivery boys on motor vehicles.
15. In, or asristing in, the o-oeration of gas, oil, or
steam .'ngines or other Tsrime movers.
16. In the care, custody, oneration or ret)air of elevators,
cranes, derricks, or o':her hoisting a-or^aratus, ezce-ot
in the o-oeration of (a) d^'ambwaiters as defined by the
American Standards Association, or (b) elevators
?auiti'D3d only for automatic o-oeration.
17. Firing of stea^n or water boilers (exce-ot boilers of not
mo -re than 15 lbs. -oressure used solel-^ for heating
■Dur-ooses').
9791
-130-
"^XHIBIT 16
BOBBir Al^ SPOOL INDUSTRY
I. Occu-Dations involving specif ic mschanical hazards-niachine
work (prohibition to amolv to oneratins;, assisting in
oneratin^ or taking ma-t-erial from the following Tiachinss). '
1. GrindiniPC, Abrasive, polishing or buffing wheels;
provided that au'crentices operating under conditions
of "bona fide aiD^Trent ice shin may grind their own
tools.
2. Punch Dresses or stamioing machines if the clearanas
between the ram and the die or the stri-oner exceeds
one-fourth inch,
3. Boring mills.
"Er.cp-otion: ATDnrentices: Emnloyment on any of the
above-named machines may be -oermitted in the case
of minors between 16 and 18 years of age who are
bona fide amorentices.
4. In oiling, cleaning or wi-oing machinery or shafting
in motion,
5. In ao-nlying belts to -oulleys in motion or assisting
therein.
II. Occu-Dations involving general hazards
6. As drivers or assistants to drivers of motor vehicles
or as helners or delivery boys on motor vehicles.
7. In, or assifrting in, the oioeration of gas, oil, or
steam engines or other -orime movers,
8. In the ca,r-, custody, o-oeration or re-oajr of elevators,
cranes, derricks, or other hoisting aniDaratus,
e7:ce-Dt in the o-oeration of (a) dumbwaiters as
defined by the American Standards Association, or
(b) elevators equi-D-Ded onljr for automatic o-oeration.
9. Firing of steam or water boilers (exce-ot boilers of
not more than 15 lbs, ore'sure used solely for
heating runDOses).
10. • Solifcter iic-vrs,
11. Pa-oer ciltting machines having a guillotine action,
12. Crear-ers, :s,litters, or corrugating, crimrjing, ■
embossing, -olating, -orintingj or training rolls
used in the manufacture of -oa-Der and -oa-oer
Droducts which are not guarded at the -ooint of
o-oeration.
1?. Machinery havins a heavy rolling or crushing action.
9791
-121-
BHOOM MAmiFACTURING IKDUSTRY
I. Operations involving mechanical risks
1. ^.Derating sewing or stitching machines.
2. Onerating h room-winding machines.
3. Ooeratins lathes, hand, circular or swing caws
involving the use of moving knives, drills,
"bits and/or cutters. . . "
4. Power driven -Dunch -oress^s, drill ^ress, nailing,
riveting, sta^^ling or handing machin-^s.-
5. Operating TDOwer driven cylinder hroom or hroom
corn scra-oers or seeders.
6. Power driven hroom clio-^ers or trimmers.
II, General outside and. maintenance risks '•' ' ' ■
7. In oiling, cleaning or wirjing machinery or shafting
* in motion.
8. A-DTolying helta to -oulleys in motion or assisting
therein.
9. In, or assisting in, the oneration of gas, oil, or
steam engines used as -orime movers..
10. As drivers or assistants to drivers or as helners
or delivery hoys on motor vehicles,
11. Firing steam or water 'boilers (exce-ot hollers of not
more than 15 Ihs-. pressure used solely for heating
TDurooses) .
12. In the o-De-ation, custody or re-oair of elevators,
cranes, derricks or other hoisting a-ooaratus, excer)t
in the o-oeration of (l) duintwaiters as defined hy
the American Standerds Association, or of (2)
elevators eaui-ot)ed only for automatic oneration. _
13. Lifting heavy weights (lO'O lh.s. maxim^am).
?XHI3IT 19 •
BRUSK Ml^WACTUaillG INDUSTRY
I. OccuTDations inv^^lving general hazards
1. As drivers or assistants to drivers of motor vehicles
or as hel-oers or delivery hoys on motor vehicles.
2. In or assisting in the. operation of "as, oil, or
steam engines or other tjrime movers.
3. In the care, custody, operation or rer)air of elevators,
cranes, derricks, or other hoisting anuaratus, er.cex>t
in the oreration of (l) dumhwaiters as defined hy the
American Standards Association, or (2) elevators
equi-oned only for automatic operation.
9791
-122-
4. Pirine; of steam or water "boilers (erce-ot "boilers of
not mor.e tnan 16 Its. -nressiire used solely for
heat ing iDurrio se s ) .
5, In the cutting or welding .of metals "by gas. or elec-
tricity.
II. OccuTjati'^ns' involving s-oecific meohanical hazards-machine-
work _ . . ' . ■ /,
1. Operation' of single suindl^ or dou"ble sxiindle sha-oers.
2. O'oeration of "band or circular , saws,
3". Ooerat.ion of buzz Tolaner or double surfacer.
4. Operation of cavity. cutters.
5. Q-oeration of "bristle com"bing,and mixing machines,
6. Oneration of mechanical and/or iDOwer -oresses.
7. OiDeratloh of any cutting knife or cutting dies if
unguarded, excluding "brush trimmers* ... . z'
■' ■ ' " ' '■ '" "" '" ^ EXHIBIT 19 . ..' :
BULK'dRIKICIKG'sTBAW, ^;7RaPPED DEI^^KIKG STRAW,
WEAPPED TOOTHPICK. AND fHAPPED IviAlIICUKE STICK IiaDUSTRY
, . ( ■ ' - ■' ' ■
I. Occu-pations involving general hazards.. ■ ■ - .
^ 1.. Firing of 'steam or water "boilers. (exceiDt "boilers. of
not more, than 15 l"bs, r^ressure used solely for
heating tjurooses),
2. As drivers or .assistants to dr'ivers of. motor 'rehi.cles
' or as helTDer^s ,or delivery "boys onmotor vehicles,
3. "In, or assisting in, the o-oer-tinn of gas, oil, or
■ steam .en£:ines or other. orime movers.
4. In the cgx'e, custody, o-oeration or r'eoair of elevators, (
cranes, derricks, or -other hoistin,?: aio^jaralju-s, .except
in the oneration of (l) dum"bwaitsrs, as defined "by
the American Standards Association, or (2) elevators equin-
TDed only for automatic operation.
II. OccuToations involving s-oecific mechanical hazards — machine work
(Prohi"bition to atioly to o-oerating, assisting in onerating,
or taking material from thfi following machines) .
1, Machinery o-f. stamioing, or^ uunch-riress tyne used in, the
ma.nufapture of xiauer or naDer goods, if the clearance
"be.tween the ram and the die. or the striDDer exceeds
bne-fburth inch.
2, Creasers, slitters, or corrugating, crim-oing, embossing,
plating, -orinting, or graining rolls used in the manufacture
af oaper and -oat) er. -Droducts which are not guarded at the
point: of ' ope'ration , .
3, Power shears .of all kinds. , ■
9791
-123-
4, In oiling, cl^^anine; or wiriin.^ machinery or sha:ftinf in
TDotion.
5, In at) flying belts to -oulleys in motion or assisting
therein.
6, Power-driven t)rinting oresses.
4
ATDTjrentices shall be defined as " tiiose who are regularly
indentured under contract to the Industry, for a
sxifficient iDeriod of time to be systematically advanced
through the various OTjerations, shorjs, departments,
etc., of a Trade, Occu-oation, or Industry, 'and who
receive educational trainin,^ in an organized educational
Institution during a -oortion of their working time."
SuTD-olementary items to above list>
■Pc'er-driven saws '
Work in connection with tiaraffining iDrocesses.
TTXHIBIT 20 ■
■ ■' CM LABELING Alffl CAH CASIITO
■ MACEIiraaY INDUSTRY AKD thaDE
I. OccuToations involving general hazards
1. In foundries (ferrous or non-ferrous), all work in the
foundry nroioer.
2. All cleaning or grinding o-oerations in foundries,
3. All work in foundries involving e^roosure to molten lead
or any molten lead alloy or to dust of lead or of
any lead alloy.
4. In malleable foundries, o-oerations involving handling
of heated casti<nffs, etc., in connection with' annealing
work.
5. In the cutting or welding of metals by gas or electricity.
5. In jDr in connection with hot galvanizing or titining
nrocesses.
7. As drivers or a;ssistants todrivers of motor vehicles or
as helners or delivery boys on motor vehicle-s.
8. In, or assisting in, ^:he operation of gas, oil, or steam
engines or other -orime movers,
9. In the care, custody, ooeration or repair of elevators,
cranes, d-^rricks, or other hoisting a.-oiDaratus , axce-ot
. in the o-oeration of (l) dumbwaiters as defined by the
American Standards Association, or (2) elevators equiiDned
only for automatic o-oera-tion,
■ 10. Firin~ of stear, or water boilers (excent boilers of not
more than 15 lbs. -iressure used solely for heating
■ourooses) ,
9791
-124-
II, ■ OccuToations inVolving st)ecific mechanical hazards-niachine work
(Prohibition to au ^ly■ to o-peral^ng, assisting in --oiDerating,
:,■■.;':.-■. or 'tal^rin'g' material from the following machines) .
11» Grinding, abrasive; '-boiishing of buffing wheels; rjfovided
that a-D-orentices oijerating londer conditions of bona
■■■■'" '' ' fide iaTD-orenticeshit) tna:^ grind their own tools.
12, ■ Metal -cut ting ''lachiiie 6 ' having a guillotine .action.
'■13, Machinery' used in the cold rolling of .heavy. metal stock.
\4:i ' Metal' -oiate bending 'machines' haiidling material of more
'•:-•" •'■ than" 0.21 45 inch in thcknesS. , ,''
.■.;•r^-.v;l5•,^; -power-driven metal -olahing machines. ^ , , . ,,
'16^ 'Cir'ciilar saws used in the cutting of metals.
17, Boring mills. ,■-
18, Power shears of all kinds.
19. Punch TDresses or stam-oing machines if the clearance
between the ram and the die or tjie strit)-Der exceeds
one-f oufth inch.
20, Wire stitchin-^ machinery.
21. Machinery hrving a heavy rolling or crushins: action.
Exce-ption; AiTOrentic.,e&: "nmnloyment .on any of the above
named machines may be -qermitted in the case of minors
between 16 and 18 years of aee who are bonn fide
aiDTor entices. ,.,■•...■,.■.. -■
22. In oiling, cleaning or wi-oing mr'chinery nr shafting
in" motion. t '■■'■■■ "■■■ ' • ■■ '.,•..
22. In a-0T)lT-ing belts to pulleys, in. mbtion or assisting
• ther'eitf. '"•'" '■ •.■.■,
Illn OccuiDat ions involving heal til hazards"*" '
24,.' 'Ail work in s-oray -oainting. ' ',
25. Work involving eroosure' to beA^ol or any benzol comnound
wnich is volatile or which. Qa.n ■oenetrate.-th^' skin.
. 26, Work involving ex-oosure to chromic , acids, chromates,^
or bichromates.
27, Work involving excessive ex-oosure to corrosive substances,
28, Lead soldering work, ' ., ' ' . \
29, All work involving extiosure to acid in connection- with
TDickling of sheet 'olate, ' , ' " .
■ " 'Atj-orentices- shall be defined as "those 'who ar.n regularly
indentured under contract,. to fhe Industry, for a
sufficient ,->.Deriod o+" time t,o be systematicallv advanced
through the' vari'ous o-oeratibns., sho-os, de-oar tments, etc.,
of a Trade, OcauTDatibn or Industry, and who receive ;
educational training during a oortion of their working
time in an organized educational institution,"
9791
1
. 2
3
4
■ 5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
IS
14
15
-125-
EXHIBIT 21
CjUfilED SALi.IOK lilDUSTRY
Operations of iron chinlc.
Operations of gang knives or fisli cutters.
Peeciin- the filling machines.
Hand' tutchGrini'^.
Tne lifting of heavy weights (85 pounds maximum).
All direct operations or vrork as an offbearer
on machinery for can-malcing or reforminr; cans,
E3G-II3IT 23
CA!:WI1:Ct IlIDUSTEY
(Fruit and Ve^-^cto.ole, "but not Fish Canning)
Occupations in cook room.
Occupations in "boiler room. -
Operating corn hixskers.
OjDerating 'corn cutters, .. , ,
Operating clo'sing machines.
Oiling and greasing. ' ^ ■ •
Operating cutting aiid slicing machines.
Putting on "belts.
Heavy vrork, such as^piling hepvj.r filled cases.
Brine room whore tanlcs are low.
Pushing crates on overhead trolley conveyors.
Operating steam or gasoline engines.
O^BPaMng ■; industrial motor trucl<;s or tractors.
Helpers or delivery boys on motor trudis.
In the operation, custody, or repair of elevators, cranes,
derricks, or other hoistin ; apparatus, except in the
operation of (a) dum"b\7aitcrs as defined "by the American
Standards Association, or (b) elevators equipped only
for automatic operation,
ES-IIBIT 25
CAKVAS STITCHED BELT ;.;AirJFACTLrEIiJ& IK DUSTRY
I.
Occupations involving specific mechanical l:tazards-t-machinc work,
(prohibition to apv,ly to opei-ating, assisting in operating,
or taking material from the following machines) .
1.
2,
2a.
3,
4.
I'uiicjCi presses or stampingor dieingr-out machines if the
clearance "between the rarn and the die or the stripper
exceeds one-fourth inch.
Power shears of all kinds, . '
Slitting machines.
In oiling, cleaning, or wiping machiiiery in motion.
In applying "belts to a pulley in motion or assisting therein.
"136"
II. Occui^ations involving general hazards
5. Firin^" of steam or wa.ter 'boilers (except steam Tsoilers of not
more than 15 lbs. pressure used, solely for heating purposes).
6. As drivers or assistrjits to drivers of motor vehicles or as
helpers or delivery hoys on motor vehicles.
7. In or assisting in the operation of gas, oil, or steam ■
engines or other prinle movers.
8. In the care, cartody, operation or repair of elevators, cranes,
derricks, or other hoisting apparatus, except in the opera-
tion (l) of dumhvraiters as defined hy the American Standards
Association, or (2) elevators equipped only for automatic
operation.
EXHIBIT 24
CAEBOK BLACK i.;iUU]rACTUjniJ& IITOUSTP.Y
1. In oiling, cleaning, or raping machinery or shafting in motion,
2. In ap-lying belts to rmlleys in motion or assisting therein.
3. As drivers or assistants to. drivers of motor vehicles or as
helpers or delivery hoys on motor vehicles.
4. In, or assisting in, the operation of gas, oil or steam engines
or other prime movers,
5. In the care, custody, operation or repair of elovators, cranes,
dcrridcs, or other hoisting apparatus, except in the opera-
tion of (l) dumhviaiters as defined by the American Standards
Association, or (2) of elevators equipped-only for automatic
operation.
6. Firing of stea^nor water boilers (except boilers of not more
than 15 lbs. pre insure used solely for heating purposes.')
EXiilBIT 25
CAED CLOHIIHG IIUDUSTRY
1. Firing of steam or v/ater boilers (except boilers of not more
than 15 pounds pressure used solely for heating purposes).
2. As drivers or assistants to drivers of motor vehicles or as
helpers or delivery boys on motor vehicles,
3. In, or assisting in, the operation of gas, oil or steam en-
gin es or other prime movers,
4. In the care, custody, operation or repair of elevators, cranes,
derricl:s, or other- hoisting apparatus, except in the opera-
tion of (l) dumbvaitcrs as defined by tlie American Standards
Association rind:(2) of elevators eqioipped only for automatic
operation.
5. ITire drawing machine.s.
Except, work on fine sizes of wire commonly drawn through
cUainond dies.
6. In oiling, cleaiiing or wiping machinery in motion.
7. In applying belts to pulleys in motion or assisting therein.
9791
-127-
Ap'j^rentices shall Tac defined as "those who are regularly in-
dentured under contract to the 'industry, for a sufficient
perioc. of tine to l>e systematically advanced through the
various operations, shops, departments, etc., of a trade,
occupation or industry, and who receive educational train-
ing in an organized educational institution during a por-
tion of their working time."
TP'. pTU " "^ ^(T
CAST IRON BOILSR AlIB CAST IRON RAJDIATOR lUDUSTHr
1. ".[oulding work, _ core making, or other processes in foundries
which expose the worker either directly or indirectly to
melted metal.
2. All cleaning: or grinding operations, in foundries.
3. In malleable foundries, 'operations involving hancUing of
heated castings, etc., in connection with annealing work.
4. Firing of high pressure steam or water hoilers, except steam or
water "boilej-s, used, solely for heating purposes.
5. As drivers or assistulits to drivers of motor vehicles or as
helpers or delivery Taoys on motor vehicles.
6. In or assisting in the operation of gas, oil, or steam engines
or other prime movers.
7. In the care, custo'dy, operation, or repair of elevators, cranes,
derricks, or other hoisting apparatus, except in the opera-
tion of (a) dumhwaiters' as defined hy the Anerican Stand^a'ds
Association, or (b) elevators equipped only for automatic
operation.
3. In the cutting of v/elding of metals "b'y gas or electricity.
9. In or in connection with hot galvani.zing or tinning processes.
10. Grinding, atrasive, polishing or huffing wheels; provided that
learners may grind their &m tools.
11. In oiling, cleaning, or wiping machi-nery in motion.
12. In ap"5lyirig hel'ts "to a pulley in motion or assisting therein.
13. Lead soldering work.
14. All work involving ejqposure to acid in connection v/ith pickling
01 sheet plate. ■
S'upplementary List
1. All work in spray painting.
2. iietal-cutting machines halving a guillotiiie action.
3. puiich -presses or staoRiing machines if the clea?'ance between
the ram ajid the die or the striiiper exceeds one-fourth inch,
EXHIBIT 27' ■'
CIGifi iviAiraFACrJRIlTG IlTDUSTHy
I. . General hazards
1. Oiling, cleaning or v/iping nacl^inery .or shafting in motion.
2. Applying helts to pulleys in motion.
3. Drivers or hel-oers on motor vehicles.
9791
-128-
■'.'.t •';■■; ■ ':.';V''i ""ii ' '■■ :'■' " '■■- ' ' ■ '■'■■'■'■ - ' -
.';■;•■ .:'4f ■■}Oiper.ating^oi\;asslsting in the operati.onof j>rime movers.
o;;,:5^- ,jC^3e;i^at|.o,n..or ^-naiintenance of elevators, craiies or otlier
...(-,, ; .. koistin^; a^parafcy.s, excent automatic elevators, and. so-
-■:on j.;6v. ;?ii'"i;i^S. of ;.pJ-i.,. "but ilo.w -pressure ."hoilcrs (15 ll)s. or less).
7. Lifting of heavy v/cishts,,(;100 V^s. maximum)., ,
8. In aJ.1 loading and unloading operations from trains, trucks,
ships, etc., where li:5 'ting is done "by hand,
ili-Gp -if powcT-driyen machinery is used in conveying and hand-
ling machinery the following should he added:
; 9.' .In handling,,;: loading or unloading goods where power-driven
machinery is used for conveying or, handling.
II. ^^pccific.mechc^ical .liazards ,. '. .
.., ,10, Tohacco stem crashing machine,; : ■
. :. ■ . .; . , . .EXIII-BIT 23 ■ .
. ., „ ..." Cl4AY.,^'ID SHALE HOOFINa TILE INDUSTRY ■ • ..
I. . Opcupa^ions involving general ha,zards
1.. Wpfl?:. In or about clay hanlcs., or pits, including .surface work
connected therewith. . , /, ■, , ,, .'■,'■-, :, ,
2. Handling of explosives, if used. . -
.,,.i.3.t -.As drivers or assistants to drivers of motor, vehicles^ or as
., ,., ...'. , helpers or delivery hoys on motor vehicles,
■.,.4. In, .or assisting, in, the. operation or repa^ir of elevators,
cranes, derricks, or, other hoisting apparatus, except in the
operation of (l) dumhwaiters as defined .by the American Stand-
ards Association, ox (2) of elevators equipped only .for auto-
matic operation. . _ .
6. Firin g of steam or, water "boilers (except hollers of not more
than 15 pounds pressure used solely for heating purposes).
II. Occupations in volving specific mechanical hazards — ^machine work
(prohibition to apply to operating, assisting in operating,
or talcing material from the following machines) . •'
7. i:achinory having a heavy crushing or rolling action. .
8. Roller mixers, pug mills, dry pans, putty chasers or molding
machinery of the pressure tyi^e.
Exception; Apprentices: Employment on any of the above-named
machines may bo permitted in the case of minors bctwcan 16
and 18 years of age who arc bona fide apprentices.
9. In oiling, cleaning or wiping machinery or shafting in motion.
, 10. In applying belts to pulleys in motion or assisting therein.
9791
-129-
II. OccapatiouG in volviug Ileal th liaaards
11. In ':lazin.'^ or other procnsses v/liere lead or any of its com-
poiuids are used in a liquid or powdered form, or at a tem-
perature sufficient to vaporize lead.
12. In processes where quartz or miy other form of. silicon dioxide
or an asbestos silic3.te is present in powdered form.
15. Occupations involving lifting of heavy weights.
Apprentices shall be defin ed as "those who are regularly in-
dentured Uii dor contract to the industry for a sufficient
period of tim.e to be systematically advajiced through the
va.rious operations, ships, departments, etc., of a trade,
occupation, or industry, and v/ho. receive educational train-
ing in an organized educational institution during a por-
tion of their \7orking time."
• ■ . SSIISIT 29 ■
CLAY, DRA.rj TILE :;A:-UrAClUErxJG-ISDUS THY
I. Occupations involving general liazards •
1,. T/ork.in or about clay banius or pits, including surface, work
cormected therewith.
2. Ilajidling of ercplosives, if used.
3. In the operation, custody or repair of elevators, cranes,
derricks, or other hoisting apparatus, except in the opera-
tion of (l) dui-nbwaiters as defined by the jiinerican Standards
Association, or (2) elevators equipped only for automatic
operation.
4. Firing of steaJTi or water boilers, (except boilers of not more
thaji 15 lbs. pressure used solely for heating purposes).
5. As drivers of truci:s, motor vehicles, or as helpers or de-
livei-y boys on such vehicles.
6. In, or assisting in, the oi:ieration of gas, oil or steam en-
gines • used as prime movers.
7. Switching and work on and about railroad equiiiment.
8. All work in connection i;rith.the use of power operated
mech.anical equipment for loading, unloading, handling, or
conveying..
II. Occupations involving specific mcclianical hazards— machine work
(prohibition to apply to operating, assisting in operating,
or taking material from the following machines) .
9. Extrusion machinery or other machinery having @, heavy ,
crushing or rolling action.
' 10. Roller mixers, pug mills, dry pans, putty chasers, or molding
ma.chinery of the pressure type.
Excc-Qtion; Apprentices: Employment on ajiy of the above named
machines may be penviitted in the case-s of minors between 16
ajid 18 years of age v;ho are bona fide apprentices.
9791
-130-
11. In oiling, cleaning, or wiping- machinery or shafting in motion.
12. In airrlying belts to pulleys in motion or assisting therein.
III. OccxLpations involving health liazards
13. All work involving lifting or handling "by hand of weights in
excess of 80 pounds.
TTliere glazing is done:
14. In processes where lead or any of its compounds are used in
a liquid or powdered form, or at a temperature sufficient to
vaporize load.
15. In processes where qUartz or any other foi-m of silicon dioxide
or an' achestos silicate is present in pov?dered form.
EXHIBIT 50
CLAY MACHIiJERY IK DUSTEf
I. Occapations involving specific mechanical hazards — machine work.
(Prohibition to apply to operating, assisting in operating,
or tailing material from tlie following machines).
" ■ ■- ^ T
1. Grinding, abrasive, polishing or. buffing wheels; provided that
apprentices operating under conditions of bona fide apprentice-
ship, may grind their ovm tools.'
2. i.Ietal- cat ting machines having a guillotine action.
3.^ lictal plate bending machines handling material of more than
0.2145 inches- in thickness. " ■ ,
4. Power-driven metal planing machines.
5. Circular saws used in the cutting of metals.
6. Machinery having a heavy rolling or crushing action, such as
corrugating rolls.
7. Ivlachinery used in the cold rolling of heavy metal stock.
8. Boring mills. ' '
9. Power shears of all kinds.
10. Punch presses^ or stamping machines if the clearance between the
ram and thc' die or the -stripper exceeds one-fourth inch.
11. All occupations' in connection with power-driven woodworking
raachinery. .
Exception; Apprentices: Employment on any of tlic above-named
machines may be .permitted in the case of minors between 16
and 18' years of age under conditions of bona fide apprentice-
ship to a trade.
12. In oiling, cleaning, or wiping machinery or shafting in motion.
. 13. In applying belts to pulleys in' motion or assisting tlicrcin.
II. Occupation s involving health liazards ■ •
_ 14. Work involving exposure to chromic acids, chromatos, or bi-
chromates. :
15. Work involving exposure to corrosive substances.
9791
16. All r.'ork in spray painting.
III. OccuT)ations involving £;euer.':l i\'y..::rxC.s
17. In the operation, custooy or renair of elevators, cranes,
derridic, or other hoistin;:; appa^ratus, ercopt in the opera-
tion of (1) d-unhwaiters as- defined "by the Ainci-ican Standards
Association, or (2) elevrtors equipped only for automatic
operation.
18. As' drivers cf trudvs or other motor vehicles or as helpers
or delivery "boys on such vehicles,
19. In, or assisting in, t'le operation of r:;as, oil, or steam en-
rin OS uscd_ as prime movers.
20. Firing; of steam or -/ater boilers (evcept "boilers of not more
tlian 15 Ihs. "oressurc used solely for heating purposes).
21. _ In the ctittipg or wcldin'j of :.iotpls "by gas or electricity.
In estatlislirnents in the industry where foundry work is done
22. All Yfork in the foundry proper.
23. In ferrous and non-ferrous foundries, all claipping or grind-
ing operations.
24. All TTork in foundries involving c:<posure to molten lead or
any ■ molten lead alloy or to i^ist of lead or of any lead
alloy. •
25. In malleable foundries, oyjer.ations involving handling of heated
castings, etc., in connection with cannealing work.
9791
-132-
E]aiI3IT 51
CCIIT-OPEEATEII MCHIITE IliU'rjmCTTZlIlIG IITDuSTRY
I. Occxipations Inv.Cilving General Hazards
"l'.-' Firing of stean or irater boilers (Except boilers of not nore
'■'■than 15 lbs. pressure -ased solely for heating p-arposes).
2,- In, or assisting in, the operation of gas, oil or stean
engines or other prime novers.
3,' ' In the car-e,, .c"astod,3/-, operation or repe.ir of elevators,
cranes, derric'cs, or other hoisting apparatus, except in
' ■" the -operation of (l) du'abwai t or s as defined by the American
Standards Association, or (2) of elevators equipped only
for automatic operj.tion.
4-.. All T7oric in the foundry proper.
5,. All cleaning or grinding 0":)erations in founories.
6. All nork in foiuidries involving exDOsure to molten lead or
' any molten lead alloy or to dust of lead or of any lead •
alio?/.
7. In nalleable foundries, operations involving handling of
heated castings, etc., in connection .with annealing nork.
8. In the cutting ot rrelding of metals by gas or electricity,
9i : In or in, coxinection v.'ith hot galvanizing or tinning processes.
Occupations Involving Specific Llechanical Hazards - Machine Tlorlc
(Prohibition to apply to operating, assisting in operating,
or tailing material from the following machines)
10. Grinding, abrasive, polishing or buffing wheels; provided
that ap-orentices operating under conditions of bona fide
apprenticeship ma;'' grind their ov/n tools.
11. Lietal cutting machines having a guillotine action,
12. Metal plate bending machines handling material of more than
0.2145 inch in thickness.
13. Power-driven metal planing machines
14. Circtilar saws used in the cutting of metals
15. ITire stitching machinery
16. Machinery having a heav^,'' rolling or crushing action
17. Machinery used in the cold rolling of heavy stock
18. Boring mills
19. Po\7er shears of all kinds
20. Punch presses or stamping machines if the clearance between
the ram and die or the striiDper exceeds one-fourth inch
21. Operating of pov/er-driven wood working machinery or as
off bearer
E::ce-3tion; Ap-orentices: . E-mployraont on any of the above
named machines may be permitted in the case of minors between
16 and 18 years of age who are bona fide aoprentices.*
9791
-133-
22. In oiling;, cleaning or iTiping machiner;^ in motion
23. In applying belts to otilleyc in notion or asfdsting therein
Occupations li^volving Health Hazards
24. All '..'ork involviuf; o:coo«ure to acid in connection ;7ith
pickling or sheet plate
25. All work in spra^""" painting
26. In all processes rmere su^ostances contR,ining lead or anj;- of
its compoiands are used in a liquid or po^Tdered forn or at a
temperature sufficiant to valorize lead
27. In processes where qi-'ai-tz or cny other forn of silicon dio::ide
or an asbestos silicate is present in powdered forn
28. T7ork involving erroosuro to benzol or any "benzol conpound which
is volatile or wnich can penetrate the skin
2C. In the use of dangerous d^'^estiLffs
30, Lead soldering work
31. Uork involving e:q)Osii.re to chronic acids, chronates, or
Dichro nates
52. 'iTork involving excessive erroosure to corrosive substances
*Apprentices shall be defined as those "who are regiJ.a--ly
indentured under contract to the Indu.stry, for a sufficient
period of tine to be systenatically advanced through the
various operations, shops, depart; I'ents, etc. , of the Trade,
Occupation or Industry;-, and who receive educational training
in an orgaiiized educational institution during a portion of
their working tine."
aSilEIT 32
cor?:E ir^ousTHY
1. As drivers or assistants to drivers of notor vehicles or a,s
helpers or deliver--- bo'^'s on notor vehicles.
2. In, or assisting in, the operation of gas, oil, or stean
engines or other prime novers.
3. In the care, custody, operation or re-oair of elevators, cranes,
derridis, or other hoisting apparatus, except in the operation of
(l) dunbwaiters as defined by the Anerican Standards Association,
or (2) elevators equip-ned only for autonatic operation.
4. firing of stea^i or water boilers (exce'ot boilers of not nore
thaii 15 lbs. pressure used solely for heating purposes).
5. In oiling, cleaning, or wiping nachinery or shafting in notion,
6. In applying belts to pulleys in notion or assisting therein.
7. TTxiere packing is done in netal cans; lead soldering work.
9791
-134-
EXHIBIT 33
DISTRIB"TTir'Cr THADZS DIVISIOi
iiechsr-ical and Health Risks
1.
2.
In occupations i::volviug ejcoosirre to e::tre:ne hee.t, cold, hLi.iic'it;",
or daironess, or to sudden, frequent, or extreme variations tliereof,
In odcixpat ions involving ezcoosure to free silica diist, asber-tos
dv.st, or other dusts in injuriou.s qua:itities
3.
In occupations involvin*^ eitposure to the follovrin.™ suhsttaices
lorer.ent in the indVLstry:
if
and
4.
(a;
(h
(c
(d
(e
(f
(g
(h
(i
(J
0'^
(1
(r.i
(n
(o
(p
(o.
In
and
(a
(c
(d
(e
(f
(g
(h
(i
(J
(k
(1
Nitro or aaido derivatives of 'bei'izol or toluol
Arsenic or its conpoi^nds
Benzol
Carljon 'oisn.lphide
Chlorine
Creosote \
Hydro C3''anic acid or its conpoujids
Hydrofluoric acid or its coni"ooij:"ids
I-^drogan sulphide
Lead or its compounc.s
I.iercury or itci compounds
MesothorixTjL or its reaioactive derivatives
ITitrous gases
White or yellow phosphoi^is •,
Radium or its< radioactive derivatives
Tetrachlorethahe
Other suhstsaices h3ving similar injurious properties
occupations involvinr; excessive exposure to the follo^Ting
substances if i:)resent in the industry:
Antimony or its compounds
Carhon dioxide
Carbon monoxide
Carbon tetrachloride
Chromic acids, chromates,- .or bichromates
Corrosive su.bstances
ilethanol ■
Petroleum, or its lor.'-boiling distillates such as gasoline,
naphtha, or benzine
Tar
Tr i chlor ethyl ene
T'arpentine'
Other substances having similar injurious properties
In or assisting in the operation of:
5. Power-driven mixing machines
6. Power-driven machinery for punching or forming metal
7. Power-driven machinery having a heaw rolling or pressing action
9791
-1S5-
G. PoTfer-driven nacliinjry for grinding spices and other naterials
9, Povrer-driven machinery for the pressing, chipping and plodding
of soap
10. Poner-driven machinery for the chopping of vtmilla teans ojid
other substances
11. Pouer'-driven printing nachinery, presses and cutters
12. Pouer-driven nacliiner'f for the cutting, planing and fabricating
of articles, from wood or timber
13. ?ov,'er-driven laundry machinery
1 1 . General Outside and. Maintenance Risks
14. In oilin'-^, cleaning or v.aping machinery' or sha.fting in motion
15. In applying belts to jp^iHeys in notion or assisting, therein
IS. As drivers of trucks or other motor vehicles or as helpers or
delivery boys on such vehicles
17. In, or assisting in, tlie operation of gas, oil, or steexi engines
used as prime lAOvers
18. In the operation, custody/', or repair of elevators, cranes,
derricks or other hoisting apparatus, excevjt in the operatio:--. of
(l) dunbijraiters as defined by the American Standards Association,
or (2) or elevators .equipped only for automatic operation^
19. firing of stea'-; or rrater boilers (except boilers of not more
than (15) pounds pressure used solely/ for heating purposes.)
20. Lifting of hea-'/y r/eir.hts (lOO lbs. laaximu-n)
21. In blacksmithing
23311? IT 54
COllMERCIAL HEFSiaSHA-TOR UJtirLlFACTliairG Il^DUSTRY
I. Occupations involving general hazards
1. In the catting or nelding of metals by gas or electricity.
2. In or in connection --.Tith hot galvanizing or tinning processes.
3. riring of stean or vfater boilers (c:ccpet boilers of not more
than 15 lbs. pressure'tised solely, for heating purposes).
4. As drivers or assistants to drivers of motor vehicles or as
helpers or delivery boys on motor vehicles,
5. In, or assisting in, the operation of gas, oil, or steam
engines or other prime movers.
6. In the care, custody, operation or repair of elevators, crcner-,
derriclTS, or other hoisting apparatus, except in the operation
of (l) dumbTTaiters as defined by the American Standards Associa-
tion, or (2) elevators equipped only for automatic operation.,
II. Occupations involving specific mechanical hazards — machine xiorlz,
(Prohibition to apply to operating, assisting in operating,
or taking material from the following machines),
7. Grinding, abrasive, polishing, or buffing rheels; provided
that apprentices operating under conditions of bona fide
ap--irenticeship nsy grind their ovn tools.
8. Lie tal- cut ting machines havin,3 a guillotine action.
9791
-1S7- .
12. Gear changers
13. Electricians
14. In oiling, cleaning or wiping machinery or shafting in motion.
15. In applying "belts to pulleys in motion or assisting therein.
EXHIBIT 36
COmi COB PIPS INDUSTRY
I. General and Outside liaintenance Hazards
1. As drivers of trucks or other motor vehicles or as helpers or
delivery boys on such vehicles.
2. In the operation, custody or repair of elevators, cranes,
derricks, or other hoisting apparatus, except in the operation
of (l) duntv/aiters as defined by the Araerican Standards
Association or (2) elevators equipped only for automatic
operation.
3. In or assisting in the operation of gas, oil, or steam engines
used as prime movers.
4. Firing of steam or water boilers (except boilers of not more
than 15 lbs. iDressure used solely for heating piirposes).
5. In oiling, cleaning, or wioing machinery or shafting in motion,
6. In applying belts to pulleys in motion or, assisting therein.
II, Specific Mechanical Hazards
1, Operation of cutting or shaping machines.
If .there are any harmful ingredients used in the shellacking or
finishing of pipes, these should be prohibited for minors under
18 years because of the special susceptibility of young persons
to poisons.
EXFIIBIT 37
COIIl^iTER TYPE ICE-CBEAI.I F±ffiEZEH INDUSTRY
I. Occupations involving specific mechanical hazards — machine work,
(Prohibition to aiDply to operating or assisting tin operating the
following machines.)
1, Grinding abrasive, polishing or buffing wheels, provided that
apprentices operating under conditions of bona fide apprentice-
ship may grind their ovm tools.
2, Metal-cutting machines having a guillotine action.
3, Metal plate bending machine handling material of more than
0.2145 inch in thiclcness.
4, Power shears of all kinds. .
5, Circular saws in the cutting of metals.
6, Punch presses or stamping machines if the clearance between the
. ram and the die or the stripper exceeds one-fourth inch.
7, Operation of power driven woodworking machinery.
9791
-138- ■
Exceptions - Apprentices. — Employment on any of the above-namGd
machines may tie lermitted in the case of minors "between 16 and
18 yeajrs of age who are bona fide apprentices.
8. In oiling, cleaning,, or wiping machinery or shafting in motion.
9. In applying belts to pulleys in motion or assisting therein.
II. OccTipations involving health hazards.
10. All work in spray painting.
11. 'York involving e::cpos"are to chromic acids, chromates, or bichromatos ,
12. "York involving excessive exposure to corrosive substances.
III. Occupations involving general hazards (Including plant and outside
maintenance.)
13. In foundries (ferrous or nonferrous) all v/ork in the fotmdry
proper.
14. All shipping or grinding operations in foijndries.
15. All work in foundries involving ej^josure to molten lead or any
molten lead alloy or to dust of lead or of any lead alloy,
16. In malleable foundries, operations involving handling of heated
castings, etc., in connection with anhealing work,
17. As drivers of trucks or other motor vehicles or as helpers or
delivery boys in such vehicles,
18. In, or assisting in, the operation of gas, oil, or steam- engines
used as prime movers.
19. In the operation, custody, or repair of elevators, cranes,
derricks or other hoisting apparatus, except in the operation
of (l) dwnbwaiters as defined by the American Standards
Association of (2) elevators equipped only for automatic
operation.
20. Firing of steam or water boilers (except boilers of not more than 1
lbs, pressure used solely for heating purposes.)
21. In the cutting or welding of metals by, gas or electricity,
22. In or in connection with, hot galvanizing or tinning processes.
EXHIBIT 38
COTTON CLOTH GLOVE I.IAITUFAC TUEI iJG IKDU3THY
'I, Occupations involving general hazards,
1. Firing of steam or \7atcr boilers (except boilers of not more
than 15 lbs, pressure used solely for heating purposes.
2, As drivers or assistants to drivers of motor vehicles or as
helpers or delivery boys on motor vehicles, •
3, In, or assisting in, the operation of gas, oil, or steam
engines or other prime movers,
4. In the care, custody, operation or repair of elevators,
cranes, derricks, or other hoisting apparatus, except in
■ttie operation of (l) duiabwaiters as defined by the American
Standards Association, or (2) elevators equipped only for
automatic operation.
9791
-1S9-
II. OccLipctiDns involvirii™ specific 'lechanicol hazards — Tiachine work,
(Prohioiticn to -<y)ly to noer^.tinf;, ' pssistinf^ in oiierating, or
t.'ilcing rwiterial from tine follo\7in;<:: ■.nacliines, )
5, Diiilcing or dieing out 'nachines,
0. In oiling, cleaning or r.'iping n^chiuerj'- in motion,
7, In ap"olying 'belts to a lulley in raotionnor assisting therein,
3, Operating Seeley prestos,
EXIII3I? 29
■COTT(/i\ RAG TIL4I)E
1. Drivers of trucks or other riotor vehicles or helpers on such
vehicles.
If hoisting acoaratus is vj^od. in the industry:'
2. Operation or repair of '-^levrtcrs, cranes, oerricks, or_ other
hoisting appr.>ratus e-cept the operations of du-^b-jp.iters a,s
defined 'b;'- the Anaericrn Standards Association, or elevators
eqxiipped onlj'- for sutoriatic onera.tion,
EIlhlLIT 40
CRUSRED STLO, SiilD AID GRAVJSL, .411D SLAG linD^JSTRY
1, 7or!: in or ahou.t quarries or sand oi" gravel "oanks or oits,
includ.ing 3,11 surface "jork
2, In the transportation or Lise of (■■>:o].osives or er-ilosive
su'b stances,
3, All dredging Hork
4, AJ-l T;ork on •-.■■creens or crashers
5, All stevedoring ^7ork ,
• 6, In oiling, cleaning, or 'vroing ..mchinery in motion
7, In ap':)lying "belts to a pulley in ?ioti',in or assisting therein
• ...
3, In ;or.o:^i}nity to p/ny laii^O-ardecl belt or r;er^.vinQ
9. ' WorP: of enplcyees eng-t-u'v.-d as f ireien
10, S'."^itching and. -lork .on and ahrtat railroad equionent
11, Clepji-up on "barges or cars under cl-a'a-shall buckets
12, Dri^'ing tinicks of over 2 tons crp^icit;''
-140-
E:{HI]3IT 41.
CURLED rlAIP. i.L(urjPAC'rURIIIG lilDUSTHY
I. Kechanicpl and Health Hisks • -
1. Handling of unsterilized or- ^a^■ hair.
2. In occupations involviji^- ex^osvxe to dvists in
injurious q-oantities. '
3. Operating or assisting in the operation of conting,
sorting, ajid processing machines,
II. General Outside and liaintenaiice Hisks
4. In oiling, cletming, or -jiTjing nachiner;.- or shafting
in motion, •
5. In aaiplying -belts to zj^xlleys in notion or assistin."-
therein, ; "-^
6. As drivers of ti^icks or other no tor vehicles or as
helpers or deliverj^ hoys on same,
7. In the custody, operation, or repair of elevators, cranes,
derricks, or other hoisting aro-'iaratus , ercce^ot in the
operation of (l) du-ihuaiters as defined by the American
Standards Association,, or (2) elevators equipped only for
automatic operation, ■
8. Piring of steam or v/ater toilers (ericeut toilers of not
. more tnan 15 lbs. pressure used solely for heating pxinooses.)
y. In or assisting in the operation of gas, oil, or steam^
engines used as prime .-lovors,
10. Lifting of heavy -eights (80 lbs, ma:draum).
ElQlimT 42.
CYLIITDEH hOULD A;;;D DilimY ItOLL lUDlisTRY
I. Occupations involvii^- specific mechanical hazards machine r;ork
(prohibitions to apply to operating, assisting in operating, or
talking material from the follouing machines)
1. Grinding, abrasive, polishing of buffing wheels; provided
tkat apprentices operating ^jjider conditions of bona vide
apprenticeship may grind their ov/n tools,
2. Letal-cutting machines having a giiillotine action.
o. uachineny tised in the, cold rolling of heavjr raetal stock.
■ ^^etal plate bending machines handling material of more
than 0.2145 inch in thid^^ess.
5, Po^.7ei-driven metal planing nachines.
5, Circular sans used in tlie cutting of metals,
7, Boring mills
8, Pover shears of all Irinds,
9, Pvjich presses or stamping mr.chines if the clearance between'
the ram and tlie die or the stripper exceeds one-fourth inch.
9791
-141-
ETceTtion: Apprentices: Employment on any of the fibove-n.-uned
mnchines mny be permitted in the case of minors between
15 and 18 years of ^^-e' wno are bona fide apprentices.
10. In oiling, cleaning or wiping machinery or shafting in motion.
11. In applying belts'- toipulleys' in motion or assisting therein-.
II. Occtipations involving general hazards
12. In ferrous and nonferrous foundries — all work in the foundry
proper.
13. All cleaning or- grinding' operations in foundries.
14. In malleable foundries, operations involving handling of
• heatSd- castings, etc.-, ih "connection with annealing work.
15. All work in foundries involving exposuire to molten lead or
■ any moitehlead alloy, or to dust of lead or of any lead alloy.
16. In the cutting or welding of metrls by gas or electricity.
17. As drivers or assist,",nts to drivers of motor vehicles or as
nelpers or delivery. boys on motor- vehicles .
18. In, or assisting in, the operation of gas, oil, or steam
engines, or other rprim.e. ■.movers.
19. In the care, custody., operation or repair of elevators, cranes,
derricks, or other hoisting apparatus* except in the operation
of (l) diimbv alters,- as- defined by the. American Standards Asso-
ciation, or (2) of elevators equipped only. for automatic
operation. . - ..'
20. Firing of steair. or wa^t.er .boilers (except boilers of not more
than 15 pounds pressure used solelyfor heating -purposes) .
Apprentices shall be defined., as "Those who are regularly indentured
under contract to the industry, for a sufficient period of time to be
systematically advanced'-'thrcragh th0' various operations, shops, depart-
ments, etc., of a trade, occupation or industry, and who receive educa-
tional training in any organized educational institution during a portion
of their working time."
EXHIBIT 43
DEI-TAL GOODS AND EQ,IJIFK'E:;T II-rDTJSTRY ■. . ■■ ..-..:; ■-
-r- M re- ' .
I. Occupations involving specific mechanical hazards — ^machine work .
(Prohibition to apply to operating or assisting in operating the.
follov/ing machines.)
1. Grinding, abrasive, polishing of buffing wheels, provided that
apprentices operating under conditions of bona fide apprentice-
ship may grind their oym tools.
2. Wetal-cutting machines having a guillotine action.
3. Fo'.'-er shears of all kinds.
4. Fur.ch presses or stamping machines if the clearance between the
ram and the die or the stripper exceeds one-fourth inch.
5. Ivlachinery having a heavy rolling or crushing action..
9791
•• "142-
Except ion! Apprenticsst Eteplojotient on; .anv of the above named machines
may be permitted in the' case- of' minors between 16 and 18 years
of age v'ho are bona fide apprentices.
6. In oiling, cleaning, or v/iping macninery or :Shafting in motion.
7. In applying belts to pulleys in motion or assisting therein.
II. Occupations involving health hazards
8. All vork in spray painting. ■ -.
9. Work involving exposure to chromic acids, chromates , ' or
bichromates.
10. Work involving excessive exposure to corrosiver substances .
III. Occupations involving general hazards (including plant and outside
maintenance) . • .
11. In foundries (ferrous or nonf errous) , all v^ork in the foundry
proper.
12. All chipping or grinding operations in foundries.
13. All work in foundries involving exposure to molten lead or any
m.olten lead alloy or to dust of lead or of any lead alloy.
■14. In malleable foundries, operations involving handling of heated
Castings, etc., in connection with annealing work.
15. As drivers of trucks or other motor vehicles or as helpers or
delivery boys in such vehicles.
16. In,, or assisting in, the operation of gas, oil, or steam engines
■ . ■ . used as prime movers.
EXHIBIT 44.
DIE CASTILIG f,'Aj:roFACTURING IJIDUSTRY
I . General Hazards ■..-._
1. As drivers or assistants to drivers, of .motor vehicles or as
helpers or delivery boys on motor vehicles.
2. In or assisting in tne operation of gas, oil, or steam engines
or O'ther prime .movers.
3. In oiling, cleaning, or wiping machinery or snafting in motion.
4. . In applying belts to pulleys in motion or assisting therein.
5. All work in foundries' involving exposure to molten lead or any
molten lead alloy, or to dust of lead, or of any lead alloy.
6. All cleaning or grinding operations in foundries.
■ 7. In non-ferrous foundries, all v/ork in the foundry proper.
II. Occupations involving specific meciianical hazards—machine work.
8. iJlachinery used in the cold rolling of heavy metal stock.
9. Metal plate bending 'machines handling material of more than
0.2145 inch in. thicki;ess.
■10. ■ Flinch presses- or stamping machines if the clearance between the
ram and the die or the stripper ' exceeds one-fourth inch.
9791
-14G-
EXHILIT 45.
DOI/iESTIC FREIGHT FORW.^iRDING INDUSTRY
1. Freight house or platform laborers or in any vork requiring
heavy' lifting.
2. Drivers or assistants td drivers of motor vehicles or as helpers
or delivery boys on motor vehicles.
3. In the cure, custody, operation or repair of elevators, cranes,
derricks, or other hoisting apparatus, except in tht- operation
of diimbwaiters as defined by the American Standards Association
or of elevators equipped only for automatic operation.
EXHIBIT 46.
DOWEL FIN INDUSTRY.
I. In occupations involving specific mechanical hazards — machine work
(Prohibition to apply to operating, assisting in operating, or
taking material from the" following machines.)
1. All occupations in connection with power driven woodworking
machinery.
Exception: Employment on any of the above-named machines may be
permitted in the cases of minors between 16 and 18 years of
age under conditions of bona fide apprenticeship by a trade.
2. In oiling, cleaning or v/iping machinery in motion.
3. In applying belts to a pulley in motion or assisting therein.
II. Occupations involving general hazards
4. Firing of steam or water boilers (except boilers of not more
than 15 lbs. pressure used solely for neating purposes).
5. As drivers or assistants to drivers of miOtor vehicles or as
helpers or delivery boys on motor vehicles.
6. In or assisting in the operation of gas, oil, or steam engines
or other prime movers.
7. In the custody, operation, or repair of elevators, cranes,
derricks, or other hoisting apparatus, except in the operation
of (a) d-umbwaiters as defined by the American Standards Asso-
ciation, or (b) elevators equipped only for automatic operation.
Apprentices shall be defined as "those v^ho are regularly indentured
ujider contract to the Industry for a sufficient period of time to be sys-
tematically advanced through the various operations, shops, departments,
etc., of a Trade, Occupation, or Industry, and v/ho receive educational
training in an organized educational institution during a portion of their
working tine."
9791
-144-
EXi:i3IT 47
EAETICENWAZn; ilA.irjFACTUSIi:G- IIIDUSTEY
I. In occLi^r tions involviiijj'- s";jecifrc."mechahic?l liasards — liachine V/oiic.
(Prohijition to aiiply to operatiiiL,', ansistin.;^- in operatin;^, or
trhin; iiiaterial frojj. the followin; mrcliines.)
1. i\Ip chine ry hsvinj a heavy rollinj or crushing- action.
■2. Holler, mixers, pug, i.iill, A-rypans, putty chasers, forming;
■.rocessen or other -moldintj machinery of the pressure type.
-' 5.- In oilin;^', cleanin;^, or v/ipin;^' mechinery or fhaftinj ,in motion,
; 4, In aoplyinrj helts to pLilleys in motion or assistin;^' therein.
If meijihers of the :indu.Sbry--have their o\'.'n quarries, the followin,!; should
oe prohibited:
5, Mot'-: in or about clay Danks or jDits, incliidinj surface vrork
con.iected therewith. ; \
5. Switchin,-^ and work on or about railroad equipment (if \ised).
:?. Ilgndljn ^--of ■ e:>:i3lGsives- (if used). • .. ,
II. Plant and outside maintenance operations. . . ■ ' •
■ 8.- -As drivers of trucks or other motor vehicles or as helpers or
celivery boys on such vehicles,
9. In, or a.ssistin^' in, the operation of tiSiS, oil, or steam enj:ines
used -as prime mov.ers. .,,-.•■,
10. In the operation,- custody,, or repair of elevators, cranes,
derricks, or other hois tin;^-' apparatus , except in the operation
of (l) dtirnbwaiters as defined, by the lmerica,n Standards Associa-
tion^ or (2) elevators equipped only. for automatic operation.
■: 11, .Piring of steam or water boilers (exceiit boilers, of not more
than 15 lbs. pressure used solely for heatinj^ purposes).
III. Occu.pations involvin^,' health hazards
.12, In all glazin;;; or other processes where substances containing
lead or.an.y of its compounds are used in a, liquid or powdered
form, or vt a temperature siifficient to vaporise lead,
■ 13, In. processes where quartz or any Other form of silicon dioxide
or an asbestos silicate is present in .powdered form.
■ • , : EXHIBIT C8 ■
BUD GEAIN STRIP WOOD BLOCK IIIDUSTRY
1, Piring of -steam or water boilers,
2. Attendin.; :or assisting around hot oil treatment vats,
.3, .. As drivers or assisting" in -drivin; motor vehicles,
■.4,. Operating or assisting in tht .operrtion ,qf gas, oil, or steajn
•-.. ■ eijgines or other prime-movers. ■'•. . .■ :■
5, Operation or repairing of elevptors, cranes, derricks, or
other hoi;; ting a 'oaratus.
9791
-145-
S, Operating, feedin,;, or of I'-'besrin ; frorr. jjot/ct driven v;ood
Y.'orlrinj machinery.
7, Oilinti, cleaninj, or vipin/; laachiner/ in niotion.
8. Axoplying belts to a pvdley in motion nr pssistinjj therein,
EXHIBIT 49
Eir\r£LOP"j I : ^dustey
I. Occupf,tions Involvin,^; General Haf.ards
1, Firing of stcaiii or v;3.ter boilers ( ei-rcept boilery of not nore
thaii 15 lbs, pressure used solely for heatiri,; pv'.rToaes. )
2, As drivers of truc::s or other uiotor vchinler-, or as helpeis
or delivery boys on motor vehicles.
3, In, or a", sis tin .J in, the operftion of c^". oil, or stea-i e:v_,'-
ines used as prime uovers-,
4, In, or assisting in, the operetio;i of (jas, oil, or stesffi-
heated rrun coolcinji; aopfratus.
5, In the cpre, operation or repair of elevptors, cranes, derricks,
or other hoistinvj apparatus, except in the operation of (l)
dumbA'/aiters as defined by the Ainerican Standards Associc-.tion,
or (2) elevators eauipped only for a'J-tom;:.tic ojieration,
II. ^'Ccupations involving Mechanical Hazo.rds - Uachine Work
(Prohibition to appl^ to operating,, assisting in operating, or
talcing meterial from the fell owing r.iachines. )
5, Machinery of stompin^^ or punch-press ty~pe used in the manui"ao-
ture of paper or paper goods (including- paperlacing machines)
if the clesrance between the rain and the die or the stripper
exceeds one- fourth inch.
7. Paper-- cutting machines having a ^illotine g.ction,
3. Paper punches or line perforators, inclo.ding window pujiching-
machines.
9, Greasers, slitters, or corrugating, crimpin,;, enbosfjing, pl.-,,t-
ing, printing, or graining rolls used in the manufacture of
paper and paper products --hich n.re not .g-aarded c t the :;oint of
operation.
10, In adjiisting, oiling, cleaning, or wiping ms.chinery in motion,
11, In applyin^: belts to a pulley in motion or assisting therein,
IX>:i3IT 50
ZXCZLSI03 AI7D ZXCSLSICE rEODUCTS IITDUSTEY
I. Occupations involving general hazards
1. Firing of stegm or water boilers (p:';crpt boilers of not more
than 15 pounC.s pressure used solel,/ for heating purooses),
2. As drivers or ar.sistants to drivers of motor vehicles or as
helpers or delivery boys on motor vehicles,
3. In or assisting in the operation of ,jas, oil, or steam engines
or other jjrime movers.
9791
-145-
4. In the cpre, custody, operation or repgir of elevators, cranes
derricks, or other hoisting. apparatus, except in the operation
of (1) durabwriters as defined by the American Standards Asso-
ciation, or (?) of elevators equipped only for putomatic
operation,
II. Occupations involving specific mechanical hazards — machine work*
(prohibition to aiDplv to operating, assisting in operating or
taking material from the following machines)
5. All i"ork in or in connection "dth pover-driven '"'oodworking
machinery.
6. Paper cutting machines having a guillotine action. •
7. Slitters used in the rasnufacture of paper and paper products.
6. In oiling, cleaning or viping machinery or shafting in motion,
9. In api^lying belts to a pulley in motion or assisting therein.
9791
-147-
EXKI3IT 51
FAN m) BhO\BI. I1,TDU3TRY
I. Occupations involving general hazards
1. Firing of stean or '■/nte-'- boilnrs (e"ceot lioilers of not nore
than 15 pounds pressure used solely for he?ting loartjoses).
2. As drivers or assistants to drivers of motor venicles or as
hel-oers or deliver;'- ho'/s on motor vehicles.
3. In, or assisting in, the o-iieration of /ras, oil, or r:te,.n en.;ines
or other lorine movers.
4. In the crre, custody, otier-tion or renrar of elevators, crrnes,
derricks, or other hoisting appar tus, erceiotin the OTjer-tion
of (l) durahwaiters as defined oy the Aiaeric-n Standards Asso-
ciation, or (?) of elevators eoui"'"ioed only for automatic onera-
tion.
5. All nork in the fomidry oroioer.
6. All cleaning or grinding o-oer^.tions in foundries.
7. All work in foundries involving oroosure to molten lead or any
molten lead alio*'- or to dust of lead or of any lead alloy.
3. In malleable foiindries, ooer-^tions involving handling' of heated
castings, etc., in connection with annealing '-/ork.,
9. In,, or in connection rvith, hot galv.-^nizing o-^ tinning •orocesses.
10. . "fork in cleaning out tank cp"3 in t-nk c.-r shon.
II. Occupations involving snecific raechanicp.l hazarcls — machine work
(prohibition to aD^olv to oiserating, assisting in ovevkting, or tal:;ing
material from the following machines)
llj G-rinding, abrasive, 'Qolishing or buffing wheels; " t)rovided thpt
arjT^rentices o-oerating londer conditions of bona fide apprentice-
shin may grind their own tools.
12. Hetal-cutting naciiines having a guillotine action.
13* Metal nlate Dending n-'achines handling material of more than
0.2145 inch in thickness.
14i Po'^er-driven metal nlaning machines.
15i Circular saws used in the cutting of metals.
16. ',/ire-st itching machinery.
17. ilachinery having a he^y;'- rolling or cmshing ncfion, such as
corrugating rolls.
13i Machinery used in tne cold rolling of heavy net-^l stock.
19. Boring mills.
20. Po'-'er shears of all kinds.
21. Punch presses or stamping machines if the clea,rance between
the ram and the die or the striroer e::ceeds one-fourth inch.
22* Roller mi'ie'^s, 'oug mills, or outty chaser;.;.
5:::ce'otion; A^onrentices: Enrolovnent on any of the above-named
machines may be "oermitted in the case of minors between 16 a,nd
18 years of age -^ho are bona fide a"Dr)rentices.
23a. In oiling, cleaning O" wining machinery in motion.
23b. In applying oelts to a pulley in motion or assisting therein.
III. Occupations involving health hazards
9791
-148- •
24. All vrark involving exposure to acid in connection vith pickling
of iheet i3la,te.
25. All work in spray iDainting.
26. In all processes where substances containing lead, or, any ox its
com-oounds a.re used in a liquid or -oowdered form or at a temner-
atu'e sufficient to vaporize lead.
27. .In processes where .quartz or any other form of silicon dioxide,
or an as'oestos ex"oosure is present in powdered form.
28. Vjork involvin,:': exposure to oenzol or ■ ny oenzol compound which
is volatile or .'^hich can penetrate the skin;
29. In the use 'of dangerous dye tuffs.
,30. Lead soldering work. ' •
S:fflI3IT 52
FEED liAlWPAnTUSIlTG IITOUSTRY
I. Occupations involving general hazards . ' '. '
^.. 1. . As drivers or assistants to drivers of motor vehicles or as'
helpers or delivery Doys on motor vehicles. , ' .
2. In or assisting in the opern.tion of gas, oil, or stea;rf5 engjmes
. or other prime movers. ' "
3. .Firing of steam or water boilers (except steam or water boilers
of not more than 15 lbs. pressure used solely for heating Pur--
poses). , ' ■•
■ 4'. In the care, custody, opor-tion or repair of elevators, cranes,
derricks', or other hoisting apparatus,, except in the operation
(a) of dumbwaiters as defined ay the American S'tanda.rds As'^o-
cip.tion or (b) of elevators equipped only for automatic opcra-
•tion. , ' . . ,
II. Occupations involving specific mechanical hazfirds ,
5. In oiling, cleaning,- 'or wiping machinery in motion.
■ 6. In applying belts to a pulley in motion or assisting therf^ih.
EXHIBIT 53
FELDSPAP-- IITDUSTRY
I. . Occupations Involving General Hazards
1. All work in or about mines, auarr.ies, or olts, including surface
operations.
2. \/ork involving the handling or upie of e.-plosives or explosive suo-
.j: , ;.,'■■:,. I ■! stan.ce,s. ' ,■■■•".'
. 9791 ■ •
-149-
II. Occu^n.tious Involvin;5 Soecific ilechanicp.l H- zp.rcis — Machine './oT-k.
(Prohibition to aiD'ol-'.'- to o-oer-^.ting, assisting in ouerating, or
t.'-Jciag material frora the follovdn;-; nrchinei!. ) '
3. llachinery having a heav:'" rolling or crushing action.
4< All grinding machines.
5, In oilinc;, cleanijig, or vriping machinery or shafting in notion.
6, In a'TDlyi'ig belts tc "^ul.Teys in i?.otion,
III. Occuortions Involving Health Hazaro.s
7, In processes ^-'here quartz or anv other form of silicon dioxide
or an asb 'stos silicate Js loresent in nc-'derec'. forin.
S'-aillSlT 54
T'^Z ¥13l-Z CAJ /JiD TlUT, liTOUS^'?.!
I. G-eneral Hazards
1. As drivers or assistants to dri^-ers o-f no cor vehicles or -s
heliDers or delivery boys on notor vehicles.
2. In or assisting in, the operr-tion o^ .y-.s , oil, or stean engines
or other "•Drine niovers.
5. In the care, custody. coer,\tion or re.-oair of elevators, cranes,
derricks or other hoisting a"ooarF:tus, excent in the o-oeration
of d-unb"7aiters as defined by the Ariericnn Standards Asso-
ciation or of elevators equi-or)ed only for autoraatic O'oeration.
4. firing of stea.'n or '.^ater boilers (e-xe-ot boilers of not more
thrji 15 pounds 'oressure u.sed solely for heating purooses.)
5. In the cutting or ^reMing of metals by gas or electricitj'-.
6. In or in connection viith hut gplvrnizing or timiing -iDrocesses.
II. iiachine './or'':
7. Grinding, abrasive, polishing or buffing wheels; provided that
ajorirentices onerPoting under conditions of bonafide a"oorentice-
shi"o may grind their o^ii tools.
8. Metal cutting machines arving a f-j-aillotine action.
9. lietal plate bending machines ha:idling rarterial of more tna,n
0.2145 inches in thickness.
10. Eoner driven metal "olaning machines.
11. Circular sarrs used in the cutting o" netals..
12. './ire Stitching machinery.
15. iiachiner-" having a heav''' rolling or crushing ^ction.
14. Po-^er sherrs of all kinds.
15. Fonch -cresses or stamping machines of the clearance bet'jeen the
ran and the die or the stri-otjer e-:ceeds one-fourth inch.
9791
-150-
16. PatDer cutting nachines h-ving a gxiillotine -ction.
17. Paner punches or -line -oerforators.
13. Crep.sers , or corrugr tiug, crimiDing, euiboasini';:, ^olp.tin^, -print-
ing or' graining rolls used in the :iirnuf?.ctu-'e of oaper and -oaoer
products 'jhich are not guariec" at the "ooint of operation.
19. Sliuters for tu'ces i7hich ara not ;^iarded at the point of opera-
te o'l, . ■
20. Corner sta;;^ing, corner-cutting, or ending raachine-: used in the
paper "box industry, if the opening to meet the plunger exceeds
one-fourth inch.
E'lCSPTIONG: Such corner-staying ra^chines enuipped 'lith rn automatic de-
vice that i7Jll iastant.lv stoc t.ie do\'7nwarc) motion of the
plur.ge'^ should tJie finger O" bhe oporator come between the
Tl"ungei ajid '.he ar,,-il.
21. If printing is lone;
Peer-driven printing presses
IIonotj^'De or linot;''pe machines
Embossing m.::chinery used in the printijig industry
WAClP'SlO'il - APP"^Sj'TICI1S: Smployment on an/ of the aoove-named machines
ma^' he permitted in the case of minors "bet'Teen
16 pjid 18 year^. o:"" age T7ho are oonafide ap-
prentices.
22. In oiling, cleaning, or '7iping mrcninery or shafting in motion.
23. In applying belts to- pulleys m motion or assisting therein.
HEALTH HAZa- DS
24. Lead soldering work.
25. All T/ork involving exposure to acid in connection nith pick-
ling of sheet plate.
26. If printing is done:
Blowing out t^nje cases
Cleaning linotype plungers
In melting operations in printing sho)s.
Apprentices shall oe defined as:
"those who are reg\ilarly indentured under contrrct to the Industry, for
a. sufficient period of time to oe systematically^ advanced through the
various operation, sh6ps, department, etc. of a Trade, Occup-.tion or
Industry, and who receive eductional training in an organized educational
institution during a portion of their ^-'orking time."
9791
-151-
EXHIBIT 55
?L-i.G i .'A1'^?.-.CTIIRI"'5 lADUSTPJ
1. O"oerar,ing or assistiTg to oferrte or ta!cint<r larterial fTon -
(a) Po'-er shears of all kindr,.
(Id) Mpxhinerv of stp.m"oing or ^-ujich-'orGss ty^^e xised in the
maji-ufacture of v^pi-oot or -oaiDer goods (.including TDaper
lacing raachines) if the clearance "oeti"'een the ran and the
die or the strimoer exceeds one-fourth inch*
(c.) Pa"^3er launches or line perforr.tors.
(d) Pa;oer-cutting 'aachines halving a gaillotine action,
(e) All •'tJO'-'er-driven '.TOOd^7or':ing machiiiery,
2. Oiling, cleaning, or vdrung ra-'Chinery or shafting in motion.
3. A'OTDlying oelts to nulleys in laotion or assisting thereat.
4i Driving, or assisting' in driving motor vehicles or as helpers
or delivery boys on motor vehicles.
5. Operating or iissisting to o-oer--',te gas, oil or stean engines
or other orime movers.
6. The care, custody, operation or repair of elevators, cranes,
derricks, or other hoisting app.ara.tiis j except in the OPera.tion
of d^om'b'.Taiters as defined oy the American Standards Associa-
tion, or elevators equipped oiil' for automatic operation.
7. Firing of steam or r/ater Doilers (er-'ce Jt "boilers of not more
than 15 Ids. pressure used solelv for heating purposes).
8. The use of dangerous dyes.
SIEOIT 5e ■
FLOOR AJD './AL:: CLAY TILj] " A'TTJ^-^.CTirRir^G- IIDUSTRY
I. Occupations Involving General Hazards
1. 'Tori: in or ahout clay oanlrs or pits, incradi;ig surface work
connected therewith.
II. Occupations involving S'oecific i;echa.nicR,l Hazards - Machine Vor]:.
(Prohibition a„pplies to operating^ assisting in 0Pera.ting or tak-
ing ma.teria.l fro'l the machines specified;)
2. Macniner;'' having a heav- crushing or rolling action.
3i Roller mixers, pug'nills, dry p.ans, outty chasers, or molding
machinery of the pressure type.
4. In oiling, cleaning, or '^iping machinery in motion.
5. I?-L applying oelts to a pulley in motion or assisting therein.
6. In proximity to any unguarde-'i oelt or ge^ing.
3731
-152-
- . , . EXHIBIT 57 ■,-
FLOOR ;;AcniKRy industry
1. In occupations involvin,?: mechanic;'.! ha'<;'~rd.s - Ilpchine '.'or^:.
1. G-rindin/i, abrasive,, ooliphi.^e-, or bLi'"fin" '7h.eels., -provided that
apprenticeG operating under coiiditions of oona-fide a,'o>rent ice shin may
grind their own tools. ■ '
2. Metal-cutting machines havir^ a ..'^'iiillotine action'. ■•■■.
3. Kachinerj'- use'd in the cold rollinjc; of h;oa"v/ stock.
4. Metal plate bsndlng machines handling material of.raore than 0.2145
inch in' thickness. ■■,...;■
5. Pov;er-driven metal' olanin;^\• machines.
6. Circular, band, miller, and i'lultipla , sa' :s used in the cjittin™ of. metals.
7. Botinj^ mills. - ■ , ' .
8. Poller' shears of all kinds.. ■ ..... ' .
9. Punch presses or stixrnpinf; machines if ,the clearance betreen the ram
and die or the stri'oper exceeds one-f otirth, inch. .■•
10. 77ire stitchj.n.? machinery.
11. Machinery havin^™ a heaver rollin,j or cru..shing_ action. . ■ ,
12. T'oOdworlzin^ machinery ('..fliere T/ood is used.). .' ■:
1.3. Metal ■ slitters. , ' . , ■ ■ :, • '
14. Roller mixers, pub mills, c'rrjT pans, putty, chasers, forming processes
or other moldin.^; nachiner",^ of the ;ores?.ure -tyoe. .. ,- ,
15. 7ire cirr.ring machine'.;. ..•, , .
Exception: T7ork on fine sizes of v'ire cotir.-iojrily dra'-n throu^^h .diamond
di e s .
Exce'otiont Aoprentices: .^ilo-'-ment or- -.nr.^ of the a.bove named machines
may be -oerraitted in the^ ca.'^e of minors bet^Teen 16 and 18
years of age rho are bona fide aipprentices.
15. In oilin.'v, cleaning or .ripin,;' machinery'-- or shafting in; motion.
17. In applyin-; belts O'^ oulleys in notic;: or assisting therein.
II. Plant i'aintenance , , . ■ . ■ •
18. As drivers of truC'.;K or pthejv motor, vehicles or as helpers or oer'.
livery boys on same. ' . ■
19. In or assisting in the oiDerrtion of gas, oil or steajn engines or
other orime movers. •. , . ■ , ■ . '
20. In the operation or repair of elevatorcj^ cranes, derricks, or other
hoisting a.roaratus, except in the 'operation .of (l) duriibrfaiters as '
defined by the j\merican Standards Associa.tion, or (2) elevators
eoui opec"! orl];- for automatic operation. . .
21. Firing of steam or water boilers (erscept boilex's of not more than .15
lbs. pressure 'used solely for he.ating -ourooses.) '
III. Foundries ' . . : ,
22. In ferrous and non-ferrous foundries, all 'woi'lc in the foundrj'^ proper.
23. All cleaning or grinding o-oei-ationj.; in foiandrie«.
24. In malleable foioaidries, operations involving handling of heated
castings, etc., in connection '•■'ith annoa.ling ''ork.
-153-
25. All work in non-f '^rrous f owirrieo; iiivolving '3::-Dosure to molten lead
alio-"-.
IV. OcciTOt'tions Involving Health Ka/.-rrds
26. All "ork involving e-roosurs to acid in conjioctioi: ivith licklin-f^ of
.:..;.>t plc^te.
27. 'Tork involving erqjosnrre to chromic acic?>, chromatss, or bichromotes.
28. TTork involvin.^ excessive e:.coosure to corrop.ive substances.
P9 . All '■'or': in s-pra.y \-iaintin~.
50. In all arocesssG rhere substancer, containing lead or an-- or its
compoTinds are \isef" in a. liouid. or Do\-clered foiin, or at a. temperature
sufficient to vapori?.e lead.
31. In proce?.pe!? v/here quartz or an-"- other forrra of silicon cis::ide or
an pshestos silicate is present in •oo^'Cared forin.
32. '■^ov\' involvin,^ ex)os"ara to benzol' or an;- benzol com-oo\md '"'hich is
volntilc; or 'hich cm penetrrte the skiu.
V. Ov'-.er
53. All occuvj^tions in foi-^'in.:^ shopc.
34. In the CTitting or rolding of ;-^etals 07 >;as or olectricit'/-.
35. In or in connect ion "ith hot .^alvan i ',i i . ;; o"' tin.vuv;; processes.
35. Lead solcerin.;.
37. All-- occuoation in connection ••it;.i the heat treatment of metals.
EXHIBIT S8
lliUT^D CU?, ?AF Ln~]R AED LA CI! ?M>~'r.. I:DTJST^'
I. Occupatif.ns Involvin.7 i1--;neral Hazards
1. Pirin.p; of steejn or r.-a-ter Dollers (except hollers of not nore than
15 lbs. 'oressure used r.olel" for hoatinf^ ourooses).
2. As drivers or aGsistcUits to driver-: of notor vehicles or as
heloers or delivci";'- bo3-E on notor voiiiclep.
3. In, or as-^isting in, the operation of iSas, oil, or steam en^^jines
or other prime movers.
4. Ir- the cere, custody, operation or reoair of elevators, cranes,
derricks, or other hoisting appa.ratus, except in the operation
of (1) drjiibvcltcrs, as defined b- the American Standards Asso-
ciation, or of (?) elevttors ecniip'^oi:'' onl-- for automatic ooeration.
II. Occu-pations Irvolvi:;-^ Specific liechenical Hs-zards — hachine "Tork
(Prohibition to ep'ol"'- to operatinj;, a.s^istin,'; in operrtinc, or
tal-cing material from the follo'.dn.;-r machines.)
5. Kachinery of rtanpin-,' or piinch-presa type used in the m.anufacture
or "oa-per goods, if the clearrnce bet'^een the ran r'nc. the die or
the stri-oier erceed.s o'e-fourth inc't.
6. ?a;oer cuttir.-r machines having a g-aillotinc action.
7. Papor ounches or line "oerf orators.
8. Crecsers, rlitte-rs, or corru^^eting, criiiroing, embossing, plating,
printing, or graining rolls used in the man-ifacture of paper ajad
■oa.-oer orocucts ^'iiich are not roarded at the •ooint of o'oeration.
-154-
corner-cuttin,s, or enclin,]; macliinep used in the
paper -orocliicts iiK'-astrs/ if tae ooenin^ to meet the plvji.'^er ex-
ceeds one-fourth inch.
3xce"otion: Siicii corner-Btayin,-! machines as a,re eoui'ooed ■ ith an
autonatic device that vrill instantl7 stop the doT,'ni7a-M motion of
the -olunger should the fini;^:e".- of the opera.tor come "betr/een the
plun;;er end the anvil.
10. Pc'er shears of all Icinds.
Er-'ceTition; Ap-orontice?: Sraolo'^inent on anv of the above machines
na^,"- he ^jerr:;itted in the crse of minors betneen 15 and 13 years
of acre under conditions of bona fide apioronticer.hip.
11. In oilin-^-, cleaning or '^ioin.^ mpchiner:','' or shaftin;^' in motion.
12. In a"0'olvi:a~ oeltr; to oulleys in motion or a^^istin.o: therein.
r/here Printin.--;' i;- Done
13. Power-driven printing nresses.
14. Konctype or linotyoe machines.
15. u^mDossir,;^ ma.cliiner:^ ur-ed in the ^jrinting inc;ustrT.
16. JloTin.'^': out t^rpe cases in -orintin'-: shops.
17. Clseninf: linotype plmiijers in irintin.; sho^os.
18. Dr;' sv/eepin-,; and clcanin.^ ir: -orintin^ shops.
19. In meltinr o'-'errtions in irintin.^ shops.
Ap-orentices shall be o.efined as "those who are re.'-OLlarly indentu-i-ed
uncor contract to the Ind.iXRtr-, for a sufficient "ooriod of time to be
systematically^ advanced throwh the va-ioixs operations, shops, de-
partments, Etc., of a Trade, Occuoation or Incustr-', and rrho receive
educational trainin^^': in an o-.-gani^ed educational institution during
a portion of their vorldng time."
• ^LXHIBIT 59
POLHIlTr tS^I>'£R BOX II"DUST"^.Y
Machine TTork
(Prohibition to ap'oly to o-oerating, assisting in operating, or taking
material from the follonini; machines.)
1. Kachinery of stam 'inrr or piinch--ore'^ r, type used in the manufacture
of -oaper or paper .-roods, if the clearaiice betvreen the ram and the
die or the stripper exceeds one-fourth inch.
2. Paper-cutting m.achines having a fruillotine action.
3. Paper p\Tnches or line ^erf orrtors.
4. Greaser;-, slitters, or corrugating, crimping, embosing, plating,
orintin-', or gr.-inin- rolls use'.'' in the mpnTifacture of paper and
paper prooucts '/hicu iwe not fiUa.rded s.t tlie point of operation.
5. Cori:.er-sta"'ing, corner-cutting, o'r ending mo.chines used in the
paper product;- intii'^.tr:'- if the o'oening to meet the plunger exceeds
one-fourth inch.
9791
-155-
ExceTption; Such co-rner-sta^''in,?-- moohines as are eauioped --ith an
automatic device tlip t v,'ili. instantlj'- stop the do\7n\7arc! motion of
tie -ol-iirif-er rhoul;'^ the Tin^'er o" the o;oerrtor come between the
plunger and the anvil.
6. Pover shears of all kindi?.
7. In oilin.^, cleanin.r, or Aripin:" machine^'- or shef tin,"!; in motion.
8. In applyinf,' belts to pulle^'-s in motion or assisting- therein.
9. J'irins; of steam or -'ater boile-s (except boilers of not more than
15 lbs. pressure used solel-- for heatin-r puriooses) .
10. As drivers or assistants to drivers of motor vehicles or as helpers
or deliver;.- bo^.'-s on motor vehicles.
11. In, or assistiiir in, the orjeration of ,'::as, oil, or steam engines
or other prime movers.
12. In the care, custocly, operation or renair of elevators, cranes,
derricks, or other hoisting apparatxis, e::cept in the operation of
(l) dumonaiters ao defined 'oj the American Standards Association,
or of (2) elevators eouxpped onl-' for automatic o-oeration.
Vrnere prir.tinr is done.
15. Power-driven printin'~ presses.
14. ;!onot;"pe or lintotype machines.
15. limbossin,- machiner;'- usee" in tha printing; inclustrv.
16. jlovring out t-.'pe cases in printi.",^ saops.
17. ^leanin;-; linot^rpe plun^^^ers in print ir.,5; shops.
18. Dr;"- sweepin;- and cleaning in ;orintin r shops.
IS. In melting opera,tions in ■?rintin'^ shops.
EXHI3IT 60
FOUl'I'.RY SUPPLY liCUSTRY
I. O'^.cupa.tions involving: .s:eneral has;-. rds
1. As drivers or assistant?, to drivers of motor veixicles or as helpers
or delivei^' bo-/s on motor vehicles.
2. In, or assistin;" in, the operation of .^S-s, oil, or steam engines
or other priie movers.
3. In the care, custod', operation or repair of elevrtors, cranes,
der'iuchs, or other hoistin-f .?"D"?aratus, exce-)t in the operation
of (1) durab-.^aiters a.s defined 37 the American Standards Associa-
tion, or (2) of elevatc;..-G eouipped orJ."'- for automatic operation.
4. PirinT of steajn or uatc-r boilers (except boilers of not more
than l-^ povmds pressure used solel'' for heatin.-; -oiirposes).
II. Occupations involvin-; specific mechanical hazards — mr chine work
(yjronibition to av')!" to operating, as?^istin,~ in operations, or
talcing material from the folloving r:achines.)
5. i'achinerj'- having a hea"'' rolling o-" ciiishing action.
6. Roller r.i:ters, pug or putt" chancers.
7. In oiling, cleanin.g or wipin.;- nachiner^'- or shaftivig in motion.
8. In applj'-ing belts to .ToJLleys in motion or assisting therein.
-156*
III. Occupationr. involving health hazr^rcls.
9. In all orocasrss 'There sxibstancic containing lee.d or any of its
com'3oands are UEed in a liq-iid or rjo^'^dered forn, or at a tem-
perature ru-fficient to vaporize lead.
10. In proces"es 'vhere ouartz or anv other form of silicon dioxide
o.r an s.sbestos silicate is present in pov;dered form.
11. In the use of daAserous c^yestuffs.
r
9791
-157-
■ SI.CIII""!''.'' 'l
IQZSll OYSTER Il©UST3.y
Handlin,';;- of .v-chine-hoistec. oystei' dredges of the larger type on
povrer vessels.
e:s:ilit 62
MLLUL'S EATiTJT mOSUCIlIG Aim IIAIQILTIKG IlDUSTin
rjor': in or a'ooiit nines or pits, includin^:: all surface norl:.
In the transportation or use of er:plosives or enrplosive
svijsta.nces.
All dre drying ^-'orl: or hj'-drav.ilic ninin^^.
All '.70 rl: on screens or ci^ashers.
In oilin.":, cleanin.;:, or -T-ipin.'; -achiner" in notion.
In applyinr; oelts to a pulley in ■;iotion or assictin^ therein.
In proxi.iity to any unf.uarded oolt or /■:eo-rinf".
TJork of enployees eni':;a,'-;ed a,s 'f irefien.
S-^itchinf; and -'orl: on and about railroav equipne-nt..
Clean-u"o on oar'^es or cars under cle.ashell TDUc]:ets.
— ■ , - , ^
As drivers of tn\cl;s or other motor vehicles, or as helpers or
deliverj'' boys on notor vehicles.
GAZTZZ, su3fe:z}::s a:cd bzlt ::aiuiactj:2i_:g iin)usT-iY
1. ■"orl: per-^oi-ned on splittiny, perforatin'^, star-vpin^;, dieinj'^-out e:.i-
bossing, clichiny, s':ivin;;, strippiny, burnishiny, or b\iffing ma-
chines.
2. "orl: "oerforriec" on r.tapliiv or rivetiny ;iachines.
3. TTorl: perfoned on punch presses' or stpnpiny Machines if the clear-
ance bet'-.^een the raM and the die or the stripper e::cv?eds one-fourth
inch; Tith the exception that enplojrient on any of the aboye naned
nacliines may be per:itted i:n the case of riinors bet'Teen iS and IS
3^ears of aye -tIio a.re "..;ona fide apprentices '7ithin the reapiirenents
'of the Code.
h. ITork perforLied in oilin;;, cleaniny or -ipiniy na.chinery in notion.
5. 7orl: perforned in aoplyiny belts to a pulley in notion or assisting
therein.
c. 7ork perforned in pro::inity to any unguarded belt or gearing.
3::hi-iy Sh
GASOLIIZ ?Ln.?-i:AlYC-.:i JIIIITG- I:ZaJ3YIIY
1. G-rindiny, s-brasivCj polishiny or b-uffing ','heels.
2. lletal- cut tiny iiachines heaving a oiillotine action.
3. Ilachineiy/- used in the cold rolling oi hes-vy netal stock.
U. iletal plate benfing nachines.
5. Fover-driven netal planing nachines.
Circular S3.'7S used i:n the ciitting of 'letals.
7. Boring nills.
C
r^-7r^-|
-158-
9.
10.
11.
12.
Po'Ter sliears of all liino.n.
Fundi presses or staiipiiiif; iir.cliines.
7ire stitchin;^' nacliiiiei-'.
lietal slitters.
'.Tire clra'"'in£: ■lacliines s,ncT anj" otlier p.aciiines iisec. in 'processing
netals.
GLAZED Aiil) 7AV.C': PAPHi: I^DUSTHY
Occii-or.tions Im-olvin/; G-eneral Ha.zards;
2.
3.
c
10
11
12
13
15
Pirin:'; of stea:.i or r'ater "boilers (Hxccpt "boilers of not more
than 15 1"5ts. pressiire usee solel^,^ for lieatinp purposes).
As c'ji-.'-ers or assistants to drivers of notor vehicles or as
helpers or d-elivor" "coys on notor vehicles.
In or assistinf^ in the operation of gas, oil, or steaii en-
gines or other prine movers.
In the care, custod;^, operation or rep3lr of elevators, cranes,
derric':s, o'r other hoisting apptratus, e::cept in the opera.tion
of (1) d-oinbna.iters, as defined "07 the A.ierican Stande.rds Asso-
ciation, or (2) elevators equipped only for autouFtic opera-
tions.
Engineer.
Be.nd S^w Operator.
Circular sai,7 operator.
Extractor operator.
Electrical operation, either re'^ula.r or Maintenance.
Planer operator. ' , '
Shaper operator. '
■Jelder operator.
Stean fitter o'r pipe fitter.
Truch drivers.
Oilers.
II. Occupa.tions Involving Specific llechrjiical Ha,zards — liachine "Tor!::
(FrohilDition to apply to operating, assisting i:i opera.ting, or
taking raaterial fron the follo'Ting ..lachines.)
IS.
17.
IG.
19.
20.
I.Iachinerv of stanping or pu.nch-press tjroe used in the nanu-
fa,cture of pa-per or pa.per goods, if the cle.ara.nce "'oetneen the
ran a-nd the die or the stripper exceecs one"fov.rt";i inch.
Paper cutting nachines ha.ving a. guillotine action.
Paper punches or line "oei'forators.
Greasers, slitters, or cori-.igating, crr.TJing, en"boEsing, plant-
ing, printing, or graining- rolls used in the manufacture of
paper and paper products '-rhich r.re not gua.rded a,t the point of
operation. ■
Po^er s"hea,rs of all hinds.
Exception — Apprentices: Enplo^/rnfent on any of the a"bove machine's
nay "be periitted in the case of linors loet^-'een iS and lo years
of B.-ze under conditions of bona fide a.pprent ice ship.
9751
-159-
21, In oiling, cleaning, or viping machinery or shafting in
motion,
22» In applying belts to pulleys in motion or assiting therein,
23, Coating machine operators,
24, Stack operators,
25, Bronzer operator,
v^liere Printing is Done,
26, Fover-driver printing presses.
27, Monotype or linotype machines, ' ,
28, Erabpssing machinery used in the printing industry and calendars,
29, Blo'Ving out type cases in- printing shops,
30, Cleaning linotype plungers in printing shops,
31, "Dry syeeping and cleaning in printing shops,
32, In melting operations in printing- shops,
33, Intaglio press oper.^tors.
Apprentices shall be defined as "those who are regularly indentured
under contract to the Industry for a sufficient period of time to be
systematically advanced through the various operations, shopr,, depart-
ments, etc. , of a trade, occunation or industry, and '"ho receive ed-
ucational training in an organized educational institution during a
portion of their i."-orking tii.re, "
EXHIBIT 66 ■ '
■ GRAY IkON i.OUNrEY INDUSTEY
A. The f ollo'.»'in-;i: operations, "'hether in connection '^ith a cupola, air
furnace, electric furnace, open hearth, rotary furnace, or crucible
pot: ■
Tappers Shakeout men
Sl?g men' ' Fot puller &
Bull ladle men Air furnace melters
Buggy ladle men Electric furnace raelters
Hand ladle men r.otary furnace melters
Skimmers
All work in foundries involving exposure to molten lead or any
molten lead alloy, or to dust of lead or of pny lead alloy,
B, The follovjing occupations in machine shops, pattern shops, car-
penter shops, etc., '"hich are included in the industry:
1, Grinding, abrasive, polishing, or buffing '--heels: provided
that apprentices operating under conditions of bona fide ap-
prenticeship ioay grind their ovn tools,
2, Metal-cutting machines having a guillotine action,
3, Ikiachinery used in the cold rolling of neavy metal stock,
4, . tfetal plate Dending machines handling material of more than
; 0,2145 inch in thickness,
Pomer-driven metal planing machines.
c;
6, -Hi-speed circular sa'T's used in the cutting of metals.
-160-
7. Boring mills ' _ ;
8. Fov/er shears of all icinds.
•9. Punch presses or ' Stamping machines if the clearance between the
ram and the die or the stripper exceeds one-fourth inch. . -
Exception - Apprentices: Employiiient on any of the above named
machines may be permitted in the case of minors between sixteen
(l6) and eighteen (18) years of age v/ho are bone fide apprentices.
10. In oiling, cleaning, or wiping machinery or shafting in motion.
11. In applying belts to pulleys in motion or assisting thereon.
1?. In the care, ciistody, operation, or repair of elevators, .cranes,
derricks, or other hoisting apparatus, except in the oper/ition
of ( l) dumbwaiters as defined by the American Standards Asso-
ciations or' (2) elevators equipped only for automatic operation.
13. Firing of steam' or water boilers (except boilers of not more than
fifteen (l5) lbs. pressure used solely for heating purposes)
EXHIBIT 67
GUMMED LABEL AND asbSSED SEAL INDUSTRY. ,
I . Occupations Involving General Hazards . . ■ „
1.2 Firing of steam or water boilers (except boilers of not
more than 15 lbs. pressure used solely for heating purposes).
2. As drivers or assistants to drivers of motor vehicles or as
helpers or delivery boys on motor vehicles.
3. In or assisting in the operation of gas, oil, or steam engines
or other prime movers.
4. In the care, custody,' operation, o'r repair of elevators; cranes,
derricks, or other hoisting apparatus, except in the operation
of (l) dumbwaiters, as defined by the American Standards Asso-
ciation, and (2) elevators equipped only for automatic
operation.
II. Occupations Involving Specific Mechanical Hazards — Machine Work
(Prohibition to apply to operating, assisting in operating, or
taking material from the following machines.)
5. Machinery of stamping or punch-press tj'pe used in the manu-
facture of paper or paper goods, if the clearance between
the ram and the die or the stripper exceeds one-fourth inch.
6. Paper-cutting machines having a guillotine action.
7. Paper punches or line perforators.
8.. Greasers, slitters, or corrugating, crimping, embossing, ,
plating, printing, or graining rolls used in the manufacture
of paper and paper products which are not guarded at the
point of operation. . ■.
9. Power shears of all kinds.
Exception — Apprentices: Employment on any of the above machines
may be permitted in the case of minors between 16 and 18 years
of age under condition of bona fide apprenticeship.
9791
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10. In oiling, cleaning, or wiping machinery or shafting
in motion.
11. In fn-plj in.-," "belts to pulleys in motion or assisting
therein.
Where printing' is done
12. Fower-'driven printing presses-.
13. Monotype or linotj^e machines.
EXHIBIT 68 ' ' /;■
Gm'.MING INDUSTRY
I. Occupations involving f;eneral hazards'
1. Firing of steam or water 'boilers (except toilers of not more
than 15 Its. pressure used solely for heating purposes.)
2. As drivers or assistants to drivers of motor vehicles or as
helper-fe or delivery boys on njptor vehicles.
3. In or assisting in the operation of gas, oil, or steam
engines or other prime movurs.
4. In the care, custody, operation or repair of elevators, c
cranes, derricks, or other hoisting apparatus, except in
the operation of (l) dumbwaiters, as defined by the American
Standards Association, or (2) elevators equipped only for
automatic operation,
II. Occupations involving specific mechanical hazards— machine v/ork
(Prohibition to apply to operating, assisting in operating, or
taking material from the follov/ing machines.)
5. Machinery of stamping or punch^press tj^pe used in the manu-
facture of paper or paper goods, if the clearance between
the ram and the die or the stripper exceeds one-fourth inch.
6. Paper-cutting machines having- a p^ilLotlne, action,
7. Paper punches or line perforators.
8. Greasers, slitters, or corrugating, crimping, embossing,
plating, printing, or graining rolls used in the manufacture
of paper and paper products which are not guarded at the
point of operation.
9. Power shears of all kinds.
Exception: Apprentices: EmplojTiient on any of the above machines ■
may be permitted in the case of minors between 16 and 18 years
of age under conditions of . bona fide apprenticeship,
10. In oiling, cleaning, or wiping machinery or shafting in motion,
11. In applying belts to pulleys in motion or assisting therein.
Where printing is done - ' • •
12. Power-driven printing presses
13. Monotype or linotype machines.
14. Embossing machinery used in the printing industry.
-162-
15. Blowing out type cases,. in printing shops.
16. Cleaning linotype plungers, in printing shops.
17. Dry sweeping and cleaning, in printing shops.
18. In melting operations in printing shops.
Apprentices shall be defined as "those who are regularly indentured
under contract to the industry, for a sufficient period of time to te
systematically advanced through the various operations, shops, depart-
ments, etc., of a trade occupation or industry, and who receive educa-
tional training in an organized educational institution during a portion
of their working time.
EXHIBIT .69 ^ ,
HAIR CLOTH KANUFACTURING INDUSTRY
I. Occupations involving general hazards , . , . . - _
1. Firing of steam or water boilers (except boilers of not more
than 15 pounds pressure used solely for heating purposes).
2. . In, or assisting in, the operation of gas, oil or steam
engines or other prime movers.
3. In the care, custody ,. operation or repair of elevators, cranes,
derricks, or other hoisting apparatus, except in the operation
of (l) dumbwaiters as defined by the American. Standards Asso-
ciation, or of (2) elevators equipped only for automatic
operation. •■ ■
II. Occupations involving specific mechanical hazards — machine work
(prohibition to apply to operating, assisting in operating, or
taking material from the following machines).
.4. Machinery having a heavy rolling or crushing action, such as
calerider rolls. ,- .. . .
Exception: Apprentices! Employment on any of the above-named
machines may be permitted in the case of minors between 16
and 18 years of age who are bona fide apprentices.
5. In oiling, cleaning or wiping machinery in motion.
6. In applying belts to a pulley in action or assisting therein.
III. Occupations invovling health hazards
7. In the handling of unsterilized hair.
8. In the use of dangerous dyes. . .
Apprentices shall be defined as "those who are regularly indentured
under contract to the industry for a sufficient period of time to be
systematically advanced through the various operations, shops, depart-
ments, etc., of a trade, occupation or industry, and who receive educa-
tional training in an organized educational institution during a portion
of their working time," ,■ . _;
-163- -
S-applementRfy Item of July 23, 1954
As drivers or assistants to drivers of motor vehicles, or fis helpers
of delivery "boys on motor vehicles.
EXHIBIT 70
ANTI-HOG CHOLERA SERUM AND
HOG- CHOLERA VIRUS INDUSTRY _ •
1. The said report and recommendation of the Deputy Administrator is
hereby adopted and incorporated herein by reference,
2. Tne Board hereby finds that said report so submitted is reasonable
and in full conformity with the applicable provisions of said Code
and well designed to effectuate the policies of Title I of the
National Recovery Act. «
3. The Board hereby orders that said report be and it is hereby approved.
November 27, 1934.
« -
Mr. Edgar Markham, Executive Secretary
Grain Exchanges Code Authority
603 Hibbs Building , -
Washington,. D. C. ....
Dear Mr. Markham:
The National Industrial Recovery Board instructs me to acknowledge
your letter of May 14, 1934, informing it that there are no occupations
which the Code Authority for the Grain Exchanges Industry considers
hazardous. After consultation with the various advisory boards, this
statement is hereby approved.
By direction of the National Industrial Recovery Board.
Arrain W. Riley
Division Administrator.
9791
-164-
EXHIBIT 71 _ ,.,-,
HOUSEHOLD ICE HEi'HIGEBATOR^ IKDUSTHY
I. Occupatipns ihvolving general hazar-ds". . ' '..■'■■
1. Firing of steaia or x^ater "boilers (except boilers of not
more than 15 pounds pressure used solely for heating
purposes). ,.,. ■ ,''''■
2. As drivers or "assistants to' drivbrs of motor vehicles or e.s
helpers or delivery bo5''s on motor vehicles,
3. In, or assisting in, the operation. 'of- gas, oil, or steam
: „,-, J ,-ejigines or other prime movers,- ' "■
4. In the. care', custody, operstion or repair of elevators,
cranes, derricks, or other hoisting apparatus, except in
-, the operation of (l) ,'d\uiih waiters as defined by the
_. .- ;. • Americ8:n Standards Association, or (2) of elevators
., ■ equipped only for automatic operation,
Tflien foundries are found; ■ ■ ' '
5. All v-ork in the foundry proper,
5, All cleaning or grinding opera.tions in foundries,
7, All i.70rk in foundries involving exposure to molten lead or
any molten lead 'alloy or to dust of lead or of any lead
alloy,
8« In malleable foundries, operations involving handling of
heated castings, etc, in connection 'lith annealing work,
9, In the cutting or welding of metals by gas or electricity,
10, In or in connection with hot galvanizing or tinning pro-
cesses,
II. Occupations involving sToecific raechanica.l hazards - machine
work (prohibition to' ap^oly to operating,' assisting in opera-
ting, or taking material from the following machines)
12, Grinding, abrasive, polishing or 'buff ing' wheels; provided
that apprentices operating under conditions of bona fide
apprenticeship may grind their own tools,
13, List al-cut ting machines having a guillotine action,
14, Metal plate bending machines handling material of more
than 0,2145 inch 'in thickness,
15, Power-driven metal planing machines,
16, Circular saws used in the cutting of metals.
17, Wire stitching machinery,
18, Machinery having a heavy rolling or crushing action,
19, Machinery used in the cold rolling of heavy metal stock,
20, Boring mills,
21, Power shears of all kinds.
22, Punch presses or stamping ..lachines if the clearance between
the ram and the die or the stripper exceeds one-fourth inch,
23, Operation of power-driven woodworking machinery or as
off -bearer.
9791
-165-^..
Exception; Apprentices: Employment on aay of the above-
named yaachines may be permitted in the case of lainors
"betv/een IS and 18 years of ai^e viho are bona fide apprenti-
ces.
24, In oiling, cleaning or wiping machinery in motion.
25, In applying; belts to pulleys in motion or assistinf^ therein,
III, Occupations involvint; health hazards
26, All r,'ork involving exposure to acid in connection with
pickling of sheet plate,
27, All vjork in spray painting,
28, In nil processes Y?here substances containing lead or any of
its compo-ands are used in a liquid or pondered form or at a
temperature stifficient to vaporize lead,
29, In processes \7here quartz or any other form of silicon
dioxide or an asbestos silicate is present in powdered form,
30, V/ork involving exposiire to benzol or any benzol compound
which is volatile or which can penetrate the skin,
31, In the use of dangerous dyestuffs,
32, Lead soldering work,
33, Work involving e;-:p)0sure to' chromic acids, chromates, or
bi-chromates,
34, Work involving e.^cessive exposure to corrosive substances.
Apprentices shall be defined as "those who ai'e regularly
indentured under contract to the industry, for a sufficient
period of time to be systematically advanced through the
various operations, shops, departments, etc., of a trade,
occupation or industry, and who receive educational train-
ing in an organized educational institution during a por-
tion of their working time,"
EXHIBIT 72
ICE CHEAIi COlffi INDUSTRY
I. Occupations involving specific mechanical hazards - machine work
1, In the operation of mixing macnines,
2, In the operation of any and all power-driven machinery and
cone manufacturing machinery,
3, In oiling, cleaning or wiping machinery or shafting in
motion,
4, In applying belts to pulleys in motion or assisting therein,
II. Occupations involving general hazards
5, As drivers or assistants to drivers of motor vehicles or as
helpers to delivery bovs on motor vehicles,
6, In, or assisting in, the operation of gas, oil or steam
engines or other prime movers,
7, In the care, custody, operation or repair of elevators,
qvqi
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cranes, derricks, or other. hoisting apparatus, except in
the OTDeration of (l) dumbwaiters as defined by the
American Standards Association, or (2) of elevators
equipped only for automatic operation,
8, Firing of steam or water boilers (except boilers of not
more than 15 pounds pressure used solely for heating
purposes).
EXHIBIT 73
IMPORTED DATE PACKING- INDUSTRY
I, Occupations involving specific mechanical hazards - machine work
1, Oiling, cleaning, or wiping machinery or shafting in motion,
2, In applying belts to pulleys in motion or assisting therein,
II, Occupations involving general hazards
3, As drivers or assistants to drivers of motor vehicles or as
helpers or delivery boys on motor vehicles,
4, In, or assisting in, the operation of gas, oil or steam
engines or other prime movers,
5, In the care, custody, operation or repair of eleva.tors,
cranes, derricks, or other hoisting apparatus, except in
the operation of (l) dumbwaiters as defined 'oy the
AiQerican Standards Association, or (2) of elevators
equipped only for automatic operation,
6, Firing of steam or. water boilers (except boilers of not
more than 15 pounds pressure used solely for heating
purposes).
EXHIBIT 74
liffORTING TRADE
I, Occupations involving general hazards
1, As drivers or assistant drivers of motor vehicles or as
helpers or delivery boys on motor vehicles,
2, In the OToeration, custody, or repair of elevators, cranes,
derricks, or other hoisting apparatus, except in the
orieration of (l) dumbwaiters as defined by the American
Stjxndards Association or (2) of elevators equipped only
for automatic operation,
3, In all loading said unloading operations (from trucks,
trains, ships, etc.) where lifting is done by hand.
If power-driven ma.chinery is used in conveying or handling
material, the following should be added;
4, In handling, loading or unloading goods wncre power-driven
machinery is used for conveying or handling,
5, In switching or in operating railroad equipment,
6, In dock or marine work,
9791
., -167-
EXHIBIT 75 ,,, . , ;
INDUSTRIAL OIL BURNING EQUIPi/IENT IviAl>IUx^ACTURING INDUSTRY
I, Occunations 'involving specific mechanical hsizards - machine "ork
(ProhiDition to api^ly to opefatinf;, assisting 'in operating, or
taking material from the. following machines.)
1. Grindin-, abrasive, polishing, of 'baffipg ^wheels; provided
that apprentices operating under conditions of bona fide
apprenticeship may 'grind 'their ovm tools., ,
2. iietal-cutting machines having a ^-^illotine action.
3. Ifetal plate bending machines handling material of more
than 0,2145 inch in thickness.
4» Power-driven metal planing- machines.
5« Circular sai''s'used' in the cutting of metals.
6, Machinery having a heavy rolling or .c,rus,hing action, such
as corrugating rolls.
7.' Machinery used in the cold rolling of, h.eavy. -.mental stock.
8,' 'Boring mills. ' ... _;•■
?• Power shears oi* all kinds.'
10. Punch presses or stamping, machines if the clearance between
■ the rp,m and the die or the. stripper exceeds, one-fourth inch,
11. All occupations in connection -ith power-driven wood-
working .aachinery. ' . .
Exception - Apprentices. Employment on any of the above
naiaed machines may be permitted in the case of minors
between 16 and 18 years of s^e under conditions of bona
fide apprenticeship' to a trade.
12. In oilin J, cleaning', or "iping machinery .or shafting in
motion. ,
13. In applying belts to pullevs in motion or assisting therein.
II. Occupations involving health hazards. .-
14. "iVoi-k involving ekposure to chromic acids, chromtes, or
bichromates.
15. w'ork involving exposure to' corrosive sub st. voices.
16. All work in spray painting.
III, Occupations involving general hazards
17. In the operation, custod:/, or repair of, elevators, cranes,
derricks, or other hoisting' apparatus, except in the
operation of (l) dumbwaiters as. defined by tue'Ainerican
Standards Association, or (2) elevators equipped only for
automatic operation,
18. As drivers of trucks or other .motor vehicles or as helpers
or delivery' boys on such vehicles. . . '■ ,
19. In, or assisting in, the operation of gas, oil or steam
engines used as prime movers.
20. Firing of steam or water boilers (except boilers of not
more than 15 pounds pressure used -solely for heating
pui-poses).
21. In the cutting or welding of metals by gas or electricity.
9791
., -168-
In esta-blishraents in tfie industry where foundry \70rk is done',
22, All v/ork in the foundry pror)er« ;■
23, In ferrous and non-ferrous foundries, all chi-pping or
grinding operations,
24, All i^ork in f.eundries involving exposure to molten lead
or any molten lead alloy or to dust of lead or of any
lead alloy,
25, In malleable foundries, operations, involving. handling
of heated castings, etc, in connection v;ith annealing
v7ork
EXHIBIT 76'
INDUSTRIAL- SAPETY EQIJIFlvIENT IWDUSTHY AND TRADE ,
1, As drivers or assistnjits to drivers of motor vehicles or
as helpers or delivery -"boys on motor vehicles.
2, In, or assisting in, tiie operfition of gas, oi,l or steam
engines or other pri::ie movers, .
3, In the care, custody, operation or repair of , elevators,
cranes, derricks, or other hoisting ap-oaratus, except in
the operation of (l) dumbwaiters as defined by the American
Standards Association, or (2) of elevators equipped only
for automatic operation, .
4, firing of steam or water ooilers (e:ccept boilers of not more
than 15 pounds pressure used solely for heating purposes),
5, In the cutting or ii/elding of uietals by gas or electricity,'
6, In, or in connection with, hot galvanizing or tinning
processes,
7, In, or in connection with, all jorocesses in the manufacture
of rubber goods, ,
8, Filling ampules and canisters,
9, Electric ciitting
10, Sewing machines.
11, Riveting machines,
12, Punch press - foot and povrer,
13, Soldering,
14, Grinding machinery,
15, Lathes - Shears - Saws - Planes,
16, Dies - Clickers*
17, Sanders,
18, Wire stitchers,
19, Acid handling,
20, Rubber processing, i
21, Shipping sna. receiving,
22, Oxygen filling appara.tus,
23, Glass hfindling,
24, Spray painting,
25, Ii\imes - Filling ampules and c;i.nisters, ■
26, Silicon -dioxide - from grinding,
EXHIBIT 77
INSECTICIDE AImD DISINFECTANT i^lANUFAC TURING INDUSTRY
I. Health Risks
9791
9791
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No person under eit:^hteen (IS) shall do any '-ork in \7hich
exposure to the following substances may occur:
1. Arsenic and/or its compounds.
2. Lead " " " "
3. Cyanides.
4, ■.Phenols and their hoinolof^ues.
5. Other coiiipounds of hi^h toxicity,
II. Mechanical Hazards
6. Po^7er operated mixing machinery.
7. In oiling, cleanin;?:, or wiping machinery or shafting in ,
motion.
8. In applying "belts to pulleys in motion or assisting therein.
III. General Hazai^ds
9. As drivers of trucks or other motor vehicles or as helpers
or delivery hoys on motor vehicles.
10. In the operation, custod^rj or repair of eleva.tors, cranes,
derricks, or other hoisting apparatus, except in the
operation of (1)- dumh^aiters as defined "by the American
Standards Association, or of (2) elevators equipped only
for automa-tic operation.
11. In, or assisting an, the operation of gas, oil, or steam
engines used as prime movers.
12. Tiring of steam or vater Loilers (except toilers of not
more than 15 lbs. pressure used solely for heating purposes).
EXHIBIT 78
KWITTIl'G, BjHAIDIHG AITO WIRE COVERIKG i/iACHINE IHDUSTHY
1, Metal-cutting 'oachines having a guillotine action.
2, Machinery used in the cold rolling of heavy metal stock.
3, Metal -olate bending machines handling material of more than
0.2145" in thickness.
4, Power-driven metal i^laning machines,
5, Circular sa^^s used in the cutting of metals.
6, Power shears of all kinds.
7, Boring mills,
8, In oiling, cleaning or 'wiping machinery or s"aafting in
motion.
9, In ap-plying belts to pulleys in motion or assisting therein.
Exceptions; Apprentices: Employment on any of the above-
named machines may be permitted in the case of minors
bet^?een 16 ajid 18 years of age nho are bona fide apprentices.
EXinSIT 79
LADDER liAl^TACTUZING INDUSTRY
I, Occupa,tions involving general hazards
1. Eiring of steam or water boilers (except boilers of not more
.. .-170-i
than 15 powids used solely for heating purposes).
2. As drivers or assistants to drivers of notor vehicles or
helpers or delivery hoys oh motor vehicles.
3. In or assisting in the operation of gas, oil, or steam
engines or other prine novers.
4. In the care, custodj^, operation or repair of' elevators,
cranes, derricks, or. other hoisting apparatus, except in the
operation of (l) dunhtraiters as defined hy the American
Standards Association, or (2) of elevators equipped only
for automatic operation.
II. Occupations involving specific mechgjiical hazards — machine work pro-
jhihition to apply to operating, assisting in operating, or talcing material
frora the folios-ring machines)
5. All occupations in connection v-ith T)0v.'er-driven woodworking
machinerj''.
Exception: Apprentices: Employifient on the ahove-named types r
of machinery nay he rjeriiiitted in the case of'ninors hetvreen ^
16 and 18 years of age \7ho are bona fide apprentices.
6. In oiling, cleaning or "iping machinery in notion.
7. In ap- (lying helts to a pulley in motion or assisting therein.
8. All work in spra;'" paihting.
9. In all processes whSre suhstances containing lead or any of
» its compounds are used in a lio^uid or powdered form or at a
temperature sufficient to vaporize lead.
10. In processes where quartz or an;'' other form of silicon diox-
ide or an ashestos silicate is present in powdered form.
III. Occupations involving health Jlazards
11. TTork involving ex^-iosure to henzol or finy benzol compound
which is violate or which can penetrate the skin.
Hote: If netal ladders are made, add, under item II. ^
Grinding, abrasive, polishing or buffing wheels, provided
that apprentices operating under conditions of bona fide
'appi"enticeship nay grind their own tools.
Lietal-cutting machines having a guillotine action.
Ilachinery used in the cold rolling of heavj' netal stock.
i,Ietal plate bending nachines handling material of nore tha,n
0.2145 inch in thickness.
Power-driveri netal plaiiing machines.
Circular sa^s used in the cutting of metals.
Boring mills.
Iviachinerjr having a heav;^ rolling or crushing action.
Power shears of all kinds.
Punch presses or stamping nachines if the clearance between
the ram ajid die or the stripper exceeds one-fourth inch.
In the cutting or '^elding of metals bj^ gas or electricity.
In, or in connection nith, hot galvanizing or tinning pro-
cesses.
97S1
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EXHIBIT 80
LIITSEED OIL I.iAlWrAnTUPJiia IIIDUSTRY
Che-lists: General la.borator;y work, chenical control of processes
?nd refinery supervision,
iiill ¥rights: Llaintenance and repairing of all machinerjr.
Oil Kou?e poreman and HeljTers: Tilling and shipping all orders.
Heat Tenders: In charge of hydraulic pressing (oil nanufacturing)
crew, and operation of these units.
Pressmen: Operating h^.'-draulic nachinery in the nanufacture of
linseed oil.
Cooperers: Conditioning v/ood and steel barrels for oil containers.
Grain Elevator Men: Receiving and shipping of flare and in charge
of all nachinery pertaining thereto.
General Worlmen: Sacking of feed, tracking, coal handling, and
■ojiloading of flax. PLemoving chenicals from
containers.
Tailor: Repairing hair cloth mats used in hydraulic r.ia.chines.
(Uses se'-'ing machine.)
9791
EliHIPIl] 81
LIVE POm.TRY Iffi:^}ST2Y OF TIE iffiTROPOLITM AlffiA
il AliD ABOLT THii: CITY OF NEvJ 'fOLRK
1. Operation of >and trucks easoline vehicles or vehicles of
EJ-..7 kinl, vrv.^oiis, aiicL passenger or frei-ht elevators.
2. i'jrk as chaaff f:m''.s , drivers, teansters.
3. "^Tork at disinfecting.
4. Work in abbatoirs, poultry markets, and slaiTghter houses.
5. T/ork as cooper, loader, or ^^nloader.
gXHIPIT 82
IvI^.CASOj\FI lilDUSTHY
1. Dough mixing.
2. Dough braking.
3. Kneadin;^.
4. Oiling -.-leaning, or wiping 'nachinery in motion.
5. Supplying belts to a pulley in mr^tion or assisting therein.
6. Taking care of, operating, or repairing elevators, cranes,
derricks, or other hoisting apparatus, except operating
(l) dumb-waiters ar. definsd by the American Standards Associa-
tion or (2) 'elevators equipped orly for automatic operation.
7. Assisting in the cpei-ation of gas, oil, or steam engines used
as nrine movers.
•B^aiBIT 83
i:acki.^;d '.oiste uaijufact-jhing ii^ustry
1. Drivers or as^isbanli to drivers of mo cor vehicles or
helpers or delivery ^joys on motor vehicles.
2. Operating; or a -. •. o s u ■ -.-.g in i'^e oprtrrtion of gas, oil, or steam
engine^- or othor pr-.-.e mo'-ers.
3. firing of steaii 01 Wc^ter Icilers (excrv :: boil -^rs of not more
thar 1^ l:is. prcssine usc-i solely for heating purposes).
4. n-ie care custody, -jperatici or repair of elevators, cranes,
derricks, or other hoisting ap-oaratus, exce-o^ in the operation _
of (1') dim. bws Herd as defined by the American Stanf.ards Associa-
titn, or 12') elevateds equip-Ded only f'..r automatic operation.
5. Operating, a^icisting in operating, or taking material from
r;i«-ker machi-".e-.s or l^^.undrj' machines.
6. Oiling, clea'uing or v/iping machii'.ei'y in motion.
7. Ap-Dlying "jel'.-s to a pulley in motion or assisting therein.
8. handling of -^u-.sterilized T-ags.
9791
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EXIIISIT 84
MANUFACTURIi^■G Aiffi WHOLESALE SURGICAL IimUSTHY
1. Pinichin.^ -press operation.
■' 2. Drco fc •^•in.g o-.>erati jps.
3. . Operc^ti :■!? 'cra-iectei vdth cyanide furnaces.
4. Operat,:" ju of c. Levators.
5. Tr-Lck driving.
6. Acid ani caustic dip^oing and pickling, (in plating and cleaning
V • operations and processes^
7. 'liTork on high-speed woodworking machinery.
8. I.Ietal spinning.
rv.'l-. 9, Mill-wrighting and oiling of moving machinery and shafting.
10. As drivers of trucks or other motor vehicles, or a-s helpers
_-,.,: fr, • -.^-Atp drivers, or to deliver goods from trucks or other motor
.br.'.l V.;-. 1.^ vehicles.
11. In the cutting or welding of metals hy gas or electricity.
12. Grinding, abrasive, polishing, or huffing wheels, except wet
grinding wheels; provided that apprentices, operating under con-
ditions of hona-fide apprenticeship may grind their own tools.
EXHIBIT 85
MARIl® AL^ILIARY LiACHIilEHY liTOUSTRY
I. Occupations involving specific mechanical hazards — I'achine Jork
1. Grinding, abrasive, polishing, or buff ing wheels ; provided
that apprentices operating under conditions of bona fide
apprenticeship may grind their own tools.
2. Metal-cutting machines having a gaillotine action.
3. Machinery used in the cold rolling of heavy metal stock.
4. Metal plate bending machines handling material of more than
0.2145 inch in thickness.
5. Power-driven metal planing machines.
6. Circular saws used in the cutting of metals.
7. Boring mills.
8. Power shears of all kinds.
9. Punch presses or stam-oing machines if the clearance between the
ram and the die or the strinper exceeds one-fourth inch.
10. Machinery having a heavy rolling or crushing action.
11. Woodworking machinery (vThere wood is used).
Exce-ption — ApTjrentices : Employment on any of the above-named
machines may be permitted in the case of minors between 16 and
18 years of age who are bona fide ap-orentices.
■ • 12. In oiling, cleaning, or wiping machinery or shafting in motion.
13. In applying "halts to pulleys in motion or assisting therein.
II. Plant and outside maintenance.
14. As drivers of trucks or other motor vehicles or as helpers or
delivery boys on such vehicles.
9791
rorp
15. In or assisting in the operation of gas, oil, or steam enginS'^
usei as prime movers.
16. In the operation, ci:-tody. or repair of elevators, cranes,
derricks or o*her hoisting -apparatus, except in the operation
of (l) dvTcfcw-j,"' ters as d.ef'.rjed by the American Standards
i.sioci:'. 'jion'or_(,3) elevators equipped only for automatic
opora'G v^ n.
17. PirrT.s; .if stnam or water l)oilers (exce-ot boilers of not more
than 15 lbs. pressure used solely for heating purposes).
III. Foundries
18. In ferrovxs and non-ferrous foundries, all work in the foundry
pr '"per.
19. Ail cleaning or grinding operations in foundries.
20. In malleable foundries, operations involving handling of heated
castin.f^'s etc. , in connection with annealing vjcrk.
21. All iT-jrk in non-ferror-.s foi-ndiies invol-ving exposure to molten
lead or any molten Itad alloy or to dust of lead or of any lead
alloy.
I?. Occupations involving health hazards.
(These are involved in xainting and plating processes necessary
in finishing sone of the products of the industry),
22. Work ir.vclving exposure to chromic acids, chromates, or bi-
chromates.
23. Work irvnlving excecsive exposure to corrosive substances
24. All work in spray ijainting.
V. Other
25. All occupations in .forging shops.
26. In the cuttipg or relding oi metals by gas or electricity.
27. 1^ hot galvarizing^ or ti.Tnmg processes.
28. All oec-ipaticns in connection with heat treatment of metals.
EXFIIBIT 36
I\IAEK;IMG D37IC3S lanUSTHY ' .. •
I. Occupations involving general hazards
1. Firing of steaia orv.'ater boilers (except boilers of not ipore
than 15 ]bs. p^'ess.ure used solely for heating purposes) .'
2. In or assisting in the operation of gas, oil, or steam engines
or ether prime movers.
3. In tl'.e cars, custody;, operation, or repair of elevators, cranes,
derricks, or other hoisting aiOTDaratus, except in the operation
(l) of dumbwaiters as defined by the American Standards Associa-
tion, or (2) -of elevators- equipped only for automatic operation.
4. Work T/ith forging hammers, whether on hot or cold work.'
9791
r .•> o p
-175-
II, Occupations involving specific incchanieel hazo.rdp— r^^i-chinp work
(prohiliitiTn to apply to operating, assisting in operating, or
talcin{5; material ' from the I'olloy/ing machines.)
5. Grinding;, ahrp.siye, poMshing, or buffins wheels; provided
that anprentices operating;; uiider conditions of bono, fide
apprenticeship may ^,rind their o\«m tools.
6. !:etal-cuttin^";; machines r^^ving a g-uillotine action.
7. I'etal plate bending machines handling material of more than.
0.2145 inch in thicfeiess.
8. Fever-driven metal planing machines.
9. ■ Circular .sav/s and band sav.'s .
10. Wire stitching miichinery.
11. liachinery having n ae-v.f rolling or crushln,., action, such as
corrugciting rolls.
12. Machinery used in the cold rolling of heavy metal stock,
13. Boring n;ills.
14. power shears cf all kinds.
15. Punch presses or staraping machir.es if the clearance between
the rar.i and the. die or b le stripper exceeds one-fo\irth inch.
16. Zngraving machines.
Excpp^tiOjis — Ap-orentices: Ei-roio^Tnent on r,ny of the above-named
machines :ria.y be "06!rmitted inth^ case of , minors between 16 and
18 5^ears of age who are bona fide ap;-rtntices.
17. In oiling, cles/ning, or vdping miichinery in motion. . :
18.- In a-oplying belts to a^'ptilley in motion or assisting therein.
III. Occupations involving health hazards
12. Lead soldering work.
20. All v7ork involving exposure to acid in connection with
pickling of sheet plate.
21. All work involving er^Tature t^ chromic acids, chro-nates, or
bichromates.
22. All wor2r involving exposure to corrosive substances. •
23. All work in sprav p 'inting.
24. In all processes where substances containing lead or its
c impounds aro used.
25. Vri processes where rna.terials "'■roc'ucing a silicosis hazard
are present.
26. V/ork involving exposure to nitro or amido derivatives of
benzol or toluol or other derivatives of benzol.
EXIilEIT 87
lEDIUi AL'TD LOW FFJCJ/iD JEWLLRl MASLTACTURIUG IITDUSTHY
I
I; '- Occupations i/.volving general hazards
1. In or assisting in the overation of gas, oil, or steam
engines or other prime movers.
9791
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2. . In the care, custody, operation or repair of elevators,
cranes, derricks, or other hoisting ap" aratus , except in
the operation of (l) di:mb\7aiters as defined "by the American
Standards Association, or (2) elevators equip"ied only for
automatic operation.
3. Firing of steam or T;a,ter boilers (except "boilers of not more
than 15 l"bs, pressure used solely for heating purposes).
4. In the cutting or v/elding of metals 'by gas or electricity.
5. In or in connection v/ith hot galvanizing or tinning processes.
6. As drivers or assistants to drivers of motor vehicles or as .
helperci or delivery "boys on motor vehicles.
II. Occupations involving specific mechanical Ixizarcs — ma.chine work
(ProhilDition to apply to operating, assisting in operating,
or taJcing material from the follov/ing mTchiiTss.)
7. Circular saws used in the chitting of ..letals.
8 . Boring mills .
9, Pov/er shears of all kinds.
10. V/ire stitching machinery.
11. iiachinery having a heavy rolling or crushing action.
12. In oiling, cleaning, or v/iping machinery or shafting in motion,
13. In applying "belts to ;-iulleys in motion or assisting therein.
14. Punch presses or stampin^^; machines if the clearance "oetween
the ram and the die or stripooer exceeds one-qijiarter inch,
III. Occuoations involving health iiazards
15. In all process4s where su"bstvnces containing lead or any
01 its compoimds are used in a liquid or pov^dered form, or
at a temperature sufficient to vaporize lead.
16. In processes Y/here q^uartz or a.ny other form of silicon
dioxide or an o,s"bestos silicar.e is present in powdered form,
17.. I'/ork involving exposure to "benzol or any benzol compound
which is volatile or v;hich ca.n penetrate the skin,
18, In- the use of dangerous dye-stuffs.
19, Work involving excessive expos\ire to corrosive su"bstances.
E&'IEIT 88
LiERCHAI^IT AtlD CUSTOM TAILORIiTG IITTjUSTRY
1, As drivers of trucks or other motor vehicles or as heljDers
or delivery "boys on same.
2, Lifting of heavy weights (80 ,l"bs maximum),
3, In the operation, custody, or repair of elevators, cranes,
derricks or other hoisting: apparatus, except in the operation
of (1) dui-n"b-waiters as defined by the Americaia Standards Asso-
ciation, or of (2) elevators equ.ipped only for automatic opera-
tion,
4, Firing of steam. or water boilers (except boilers of not more
than 15 pounds pressure used solely for heating purposes).
3791
C
EXIilEIT 39
miJdj KAT DIE AIID V/OOD HAT BLOCK IHDUSTRY
I, Occupations I.ivolviii':; Geiieral Hazards
1. All voii- IT: tho foandr:" proper
2. All clee-ning or tj'ri-.iding operations. in^foTOftdfies.
3. All v/o:"!: in fo-undries \.'hich involves the hanclini;; of
metallic; lead,,
E^i^lp nation: Fractically all work in the foundry proper
involves either exposure to the hazards of nelted r.ietal and,
in nonierrous fouiidries , to lead or zinc and involves a
silicosis xia.zard.
4. In the cuttin;?; or welding of metals hy gas or electricity.
5. In or in connection with hot galvanizing or tinning processes*
6. Firing of steam or v/ater "boilers (except "boilers of not more
tlian 15 l"bs. pressure used solely for heating purposes)
7. As drivers or assistants to drivers of motor vehicles or as
helpers or delivery "b.oys on motor vehicles.
8. In or assisting in the operation gas, oil, or steam engines
or other prime "iovers.
9. In the care, custody, operation or repair of elevators, cranes,
or derricks, or other hoisting arpparatus , except in the opera-
tion of (l) d-um"b\7aiters as defined oy the American Standards
Association, or of (2) elevators equipped only for automatic
operation.
II. Occupations Involving Specific l.iechanical Hazards - iiachine Work
(pro'nihitions to av'ply to operating, assisting in operating or
taking material from the follovving machines.)
10, Grinding, alrrasive, polishing, or "bnoffing v/heels; provided,
that ap;iorenticcs operating utader conditions of "bona fide
apprenticeship may grind their oxin tools
11, Lie tal-cut ting machines leaving. a guillotine action
12, liachinery used in the cold rolling of heavy metal stock
13, Metal plate "beniing ma.chines handling material of more than
0,3145 inch in thiclcness
14, ?ov/er-dri ven metal planing machines
15, Circular sav/s used in the cutting o^ metals
16, Boring mills and "boring oper':.tions performed on other machines
17, pov/er shears of all kinds
18, Punch presses or stamping machines if the clearance between
zhe ram and the die or t"ne stripper exceeds one-foirrth inch
19, All occupations in connection vdfn power-driven wo^d-J/orkihg
machinery
Exception: Employment on any of the a'bove-named machines may
be permitted in the case of minors "between 16 and 18 years of
age under conditions of "bona fide apprenticeship,
20, In oiling, cleaning or idning machinery in motion
21, In applying "belts to a ; lulley in motion or assis+iing therein,
9791
-178-
Apprentices sha,ll "be defiiied as "those vmo are regularly indent-ured
under co:-.tr.act to the Industry, for a sufficient period of time to ue
systematically advanced throu^^h the various operations, shops, depart-
ments, etc., of a Trade, Occuo'ition or Industry, and who receive educa-
tional training in an organized educational institution during a portion
of their worhing time,"
rXIIJBIT 90
METAL EOSriTAL rir'i::iTUEJ: rAi-UF. CTirRKG Il^USTHY
I. Occupations involving specific mechanic il lia.zards — machine v/orlr
(Prohibition to apply to operating or afsisting in operating
the following machines.)
1, Grinding, abrasive, ;oolishing, or ■'birffing wheels, provided
that apprentices o"')erating ■'JLnder condit-ions of "bona fide
apprenticeship may grind their own tools.
2. ].fetal-'c"atting machines having a guillotine action,
3, Metal plate "bending machi'nes iiandling material of more than
0.2145 inch in thiclmesSc
4, Circ-oJ.ar saws in the cutting of metals.-
5. Pover shears of all kinds.
6. Func'h presses Jr stamping machines if the ' clearance "between
. the rc^n and the 'die or tiie stripper exceed one-fourth inch.
Exception; A;oprentices : Employment on any of the a"bove-named
machines may 'be permitted in the case of minors "bctv/een 16 and
IS years of age who are "bona fide ap;orentices,
7,_ In oiling, cleaning, or wiping machinery or sha,fting in motion,
8, In applying "belts to pulleys in motion or assisting therein,
II. Occupations involving health hazard,
9. All vi/orl: in spray painting.'
III. Occupations involving general hazards
10, In foundries (ferroue' or nonferrous), all work in the foundry
proper J
11, All shipping or grinding op^erations in foundries.
12, All wor"!': in foujidries involving exposure to molten lead or any
molcen lead alloy or to dust of lead or of any lead alloy, •
13, In mallea"Dle fouiidries, operations involving hiandling of heated
castings, etc., in connection v/ith o.nnealing work,
14, As drivers of trucks or other motor vehicles or as helpers •
or delivery "boys in such vehicles.
15, In, or a„ssisting in, the operation of gas, oil, or steam
engines used as prime movers.
16, In the operation, custody, or repair of elevators, cranes,
derricks or other hoisting apparatus, except in the operation
of (l) dum"b-waiters fe.3 defined "by the American Standards
Association, or (2) elevators eqioipped only for automatic operatioB,
17, Firing of steam or water boilers (except boilers of not more
than 15 poimds pressure used solely for heating piirposes) ■
9791 18, In the cutting or vrelding of metals by gas or electricity.
-179-
1XEI?IT 91
LiET^ I'.ain: riAl'^FACrURIFG IFDUSTRY
I. Occupations involving- general hazpxds
1. Welding.
2. So^id blastin;';.
5. Testing- of • tanks.
4, Lead TDurnlng
5. Tiring of sterrii' or water boilers (except ste-^m or vater 'boilers
of not ir.ore than 15 lbs. pressure used solely for heating
purooses) .
6.' In tlie Care, ciistod'', operation or re;:)air of elevators, cranes,
der-iuho, or other hoisting apparatus, e xcept in the operation
of (a) du-Tih -waiters as defined by the American Standards Asso-
ciation, or (h) elevators equip-oed only for automatic operation.
7. In or in connoction with hot galvanizing or tinning processes.
c. Cutting or welding of netals by gas or electricity. '
9, In oiling, cle'-ining, or viiping machinery in motion.
10, In applying, bel.ts to a pulley in motion or assisting therein. .
II, Occupations inv jiving snecific meclipnical hazards — machine vrork, .
(prohibition to ap"".ly to operating, assisting in operating or
tpking material from the following machines by employees
under 18 years, except in the case of minors between 16 and
18 years of age under conditions of bona fide apprenticeship,
Er.-.plcyees imdcr 18 years nay be used as off-bearers from such
machines only in case all moving parts and joints of operation
of such rachines are so g-aarded, protected, aXid/or arranged
tha.t em-Tloyees acting as off-bearers cannot come in contact
with th^m; a,lso, provision shall be made such that the articles
being offborne caiinot be throvm by such, machines in a manner to
Cause injury to the off -bearer. Further, each employer shall
maintain or cause to be m.aintained supervision adequate to in-
sure the above conditions to be fulfilled. Persons removing
•s-t"ock: from a "Toint remote from the machine are not included in
^ this prohibition.) :
1. G-rinding, abrasive, i-iolishing, or buffing ^.he61■e*
2. Metal -cut ting machines having a sgaillotine action
3. I.iachinery used in the cold rolling of heavy metal stock,
4. Metal plate bending machines handling materiaJL of more thaji
0,214-5. inches in thiclaiess.
' 5, Pouer-driven metal planing machines,
5. Circular sav/s used in the cutting of metal,
7. Boring hills,
S, l.iachinery having a heavy rolling or crushing action such as
corrugating rolls.
9, Power shears of all kinds.
10, Punch presses or stamping m.achines if the cle.-^.rance between the
ram and the die or the strip-!:)er exceeds one-fourth inch.
9791
-180-
EXHIBIT 92
IvIETAL WIIIDOW lilDUSTEY
I. Occupations Involving;; G-eneral Hazards
1. Firing of steajn or Wfi.ter boilers (except boilers of not
more than 15 lbs, pressure used solely for heating purposes),
2. As drivers or assistants to drivers of motor vehicles or as
helpers or delivery boys on motor vehicles,
3» In or assisting in the operation of gas, oil, or steara engines
or other prime movers,
4, In the care, custod;^^, operation or repair of elevators, crajies,
derricks, or other hoisting appa,ratus, except in the operation
of (l) dumbwaiters aS defined by the American Standards Asso-
ciation, or of (2) elevators equip-oed only for automatic opera-
tion.
5, In the cutting or welding of metals by gas or electricity,
6, In or in connection with hot galvanizing or tinning processes,
II. Occupations Involving Specific r.Iechanical Hazards — Machine work
• (Prohibition to apply to operating, assisting in operating,
. or talcing material from the follovdng machines.)
7, Grinding, abra,sive, polishing or buffing wheels; provided
. . that. apprentices operating under conditions of bona fide
apprenticeship may grind their own tools,
8» Metal-cutting machines having a guillotine action.
9. Metal plate bending machines handling material of more than
0.2145 inch in thicloiess.
10, Power-driven metal planning machines,
11, Circi-aar Saws used in the cutting of mettJs.
12, Machinery used in the cold rolling of heavy metal stock.
13, Machinery having a heavy rolling or crashing action, such as
corrugating rolls.
14, Boring mills/
15, Power shea.rs of all kinds,
15. Punch presses or stamping machines if the clearance b-etween
the ram and the die or the stripper exceeds one-fourth inch.
Exception: Employment or any of the above-named machines may
be permitted in the case of minors between 16 ajad 18 ye^rs of
age -under conditions of bona fide apprenticeship,
17. In oiling, cleaning, or wiping machinery in motion.
■-■18, In applying belts to a pulley in motion or assisting therein.
Apprentices shall be defined as "Those who are r-^gularly indentured
under contract to the Industry, i'or a sufficient period of time to be syst
systematically advanced 'through the vai"ious operations, shops, depart-
ments, etc, of a Trade, Occupation or Industry, and v/ho receives
educational training in an organized educational institution during a
portion of their working time,"
9791
-181-
EXHIBIJ 95
iuCPS'.'ICK IITDUSTRY
I. Occv.-^F.tions Invol\-in;;i; G-enerpl Kazr.rd?:
"1. Pirins of sterm or water toilers (exce-)t boilers of not
rore thpn 15 lbs, pressure uced solely for lie-tin/^- purposes),
2. As c^rivers or a' si stents to drivers of Liotor vehicles or as
Lel-pers or deliver;,' boj's on motor vehicles.
3. lii or assistin:^; in the oper.\tion of gas, oil, or steam engines
or other prime movers.
'.'.-. In the care, cus^^odj-, cperaoion or repa.ir of elevators, cranes,
r'.er.vic'cs, or other hoisting appa^S'-tus , except in the operation
of (l) dnmbwaiters as defined by the AinericoJi Standards Asso-
ciation, or (2) of elevators equip-oed for autonr^tic operation.
II. Occu-:)ations Iiwolving Specific i.Ieciianical Hazards — Machine Yifor]:.
'(Prohibition to apnly to operating, assisting in opera,ting, or
tfid-ng material from the follo?/ing machines):
5, ^Ul occupations in con:-'°ction with power driven wood-world.ng
machinery.
Exc e-Q t j 0 n ^ Lm-'-il oyment on an^'' of the ?bove named machines may
be per.vltted in the case of minors between 16 and 18 yeo.rs of
age uiider conditions of bona fide apprenticeship.
6, In oiling, cleaning; or wiping machineiy in motion.
7, In applying belts to a pulley in motion or. assisting therein.
Apprentices shall be defined as "those who fire regi\larly inden-
tured under contract to the Industry', for a sufficient period
of time to be syr:teria,ticr'lly ad-.Tiiced through the various
operations, shops, ; e^r.rtuents, ezc,, of a OJrade , Occupation or
Industry- , and who receive educational training in an organized
educa,tional institution during a portion of thrsir working time."
irSICAL L3RC:-ji;"I)ISI] EAiTL'EACTiJRIlIC- IKDUSTHY
I. Occupations involving general hazards:
1. As drivers, or assistrnts to drivers of motor vehicles or as
hel-)ers or delivery boys on motor vehicles.
2. In, or assisting in, the operation, of gas, oil or steam engines
or other prime movers.
3. In the care, custod.;;'-, operation or repair of elevators, cranes,
V "* derricks, or ..Other hoisting apparatus, except in the operation
of (l) duabw.aiters, ^ defined by the Ajrorican Standards Asso-
ciation, or {2) of elevators equipped only for automatic
operation,
9791
-182-
4. Firing of steaxn or vater "boilers (exceot lioilers of not more
thai! 15 pounds pressure used solely for he.?t.i:if w.r:)0ses).
5. In the cutting or reldinf; of m'^tals ''oj ;ras or electricity.
II. Occupations i ivolvin;2- s'^ecific mechanical hazards - nachine vorh
5. Grinding, abrasive, polishing, or buffing; vheels. . ■
7. L'etal- cut ting machines having a guillotine action.
• 3. Liachinery used in the cold rolling of heavy .netal stock.
9. Metal plaiie bending .:iachines hand.ling material of more tha^i
0.2145 inch in thiclaiess.
10. Power-driven metal pLaning machines.
11. Circular sa'"s used in the chitting of metals.
13. Boring, mills.
13. Povjer shears of all kinds.
• 14. Punch "oresses or stnn'oing machiiies if the clearaiice betv/een the
rajTi and the die or the stri^D^oer exceeds one-fou.rth inch.
lu. "'ire stitching machinery.
16. Machinery 'having a heavy rolling or crushing action.
17. .iiolding, s-^5littin , rolling, "oerf orating, stamoing, dieing-out,
embossing, burnishing, clicking, skiving, stri'T:'ing or buffing
machines used in the leather industrj^.
13. All occu'Dations ca.rried on in connection vdth oover-driven wood-
working machinery.
19. In oiling, cleaniiig or i7i-:)ing machi.iery or 'shafting in motion.
20. In a:rolying belts to -pulley in motion or assisting therein.
III. Occupations involving health hazards
21. Lead soldering ^-'ork.
22. All '-ork involving exposure to acid in connection i^-ith -pickling
of sheet 'olate.
23. "fork, involving e:':':)0sure to benzol or any benzol con'oound ^-hich
is vola^tive o-r vhich can penetrate the skin.
24. In the use of dangerous dyestxiffs.
25. All nork in s'oray tainting.
ZXHIBIT S5
lIOiO'ZIQGUS Airo ST22;L COnV^CTOZ LiAirJPAC.5^U:Ri;!G liJDUSTHY
I. OccxrDatio..s involving general hazards
1. Firing of steai.i or v;rter boilers (e-'.ce.5t boilers of not more
than li;: nouauls pressure used solely for heating luroos^s. )
2. As drivers or assistants to drivers of motor vehicles or as
helpers or delivery boys 'on motor vehicles.
5. In, or assisting, i'l the operation of gas, oil, or steaia engines
or other prime movers. ■ ' .
9701
-183-
4i:. In tae cpre, custoc'-f, operrtion or repair of elevptors, cranes,
derricks, or other hoisting apparetus, excert in the operption
of (1) dumowaiters as defined oy the Aiaericpr St?ndTds Asso-
ciptior, or (?) of elevators equipped only for rutomatic
,. operation, . ■ f
In the care of foundrv '^'ork in the inc'astry:
5, All I'^ork in the foundry proioer.-
■f), - All cle^nin^- or ^rindinB operations- in foundries.
V. Al"" '/Toik in foardries involving exposure to molten lead or any
molten l.ead al.lo - or to dust of lead or of any lead alloy.
6, In malle-'^ble foundries, operations- involving handling of heate
crstinj-^s, et.c. , in connection with annealing vork.
9. In the cuttinr or welding of metais .by gas or electricity,
10. In, or in corinection with hot galvanizing or tinning processes.
II. Occupations involving specific mechanical hazards - machine work
(Frohioition to anrjly to c^errting, assisting in operating, or
taking material from the following machines)
11. G-rinding, adrasive, polishing or Duffing -heels; provided that
apprentices operating under conditions of oona fide apprentice-
ship may grind their 0"'n tools.
12. ketal-cutting machines having a guillotine action.
13. Ivietal pl'^te oerding machines handling Material of more than-
0.214-: inch in thickness, . '
14. Fo'-er-driven metal planing machines. •
15. Circular sa^'s used in tne cutting of metals. >
16. ' ire stiching rarcninery.
17. Kachinerv having a heavy rolling or crushing action,
16» r.iachinerv used in the -cold rolling of heavy metal stock,
19. Boring raillst
20. Fover shears of all kindso
21. Funch presses or stamping macnines if the clearance bet'^'een
the ram and the die or tne stripper exceeds ore-fourth inch.
Exception; Apprentices: j^mployment on an'^" of the above-named
machines may be permitted in the case cf minors between
16 and 16 years of age •-"no are. bona fide apprentices.
22. In 'oiling, cleaning or '-iping machinery in motion.
23. In applying belts to a pulley in :aotion or assisting therein.
III. Occupations involving health hazards
24. All "-ork involving exposure to acid in connection ^^ith pickling
oi •iw- et plate.
25. All "^ork in -spray pai.oting.
26. In all processes T^nere .substances cont-sining le^^d or anv of its
compounds are used in a liquid or pondered forna or at a
terapeiature sufficient to vaporize lead.
9791
-184-
27. In processes- where quartz or any other form of silicon dioxide
or ?ri asbestos silicate is present in powdered form.
28. 7/ork invoivine; exposure to benzol or any benzol compound ^^'hich
is volatile or ^/vhich can penetrate the skin,
29. Lead soldering work.
Apprentices shall be defined as "those 'f'ho are regularly
indentured under contract to the industry, for a sufficient
period of time to be systematically advanced through the
various operations, sho-os, departments, etc., of a trade,
occupation or industry, and who receive educational train-
ing in an organized- educatfonal institution during a- portion
• of their "-orking titne.
31. Tiork involving: exposure to chromic acids, chromates, o-r
bichromates.
32. Vork involving excessive exposure to corrosive substances. •
NOMEEROUS SCPJLP ; ETAL TIIADE
1. Breaking and sorting of batter' plates.
2. The burning of battery boxes.
3. The operation of shears. -
4. Drivers or assistants to drivers of motor vehicles or
helpers -on motor vehicles.
•If hoisting apparatus is used in the industry
5. Operation or repair of elevators, cranes, derricks, or
other hoisting apparatus, except the operation oi r'umb-
waiters as defined by the American Standards Association,
or elevators equipped only for automatic operation.
EXHIBIT 97
OPEN PAPER DF.IlTiING CUP /JJD KOUND NESTING- FAFEr. CONTAIFEH INDUSTRY
•I, Occupations involving mechanical hazards
1, Machinery of stamping or punch-press type used in the manu-r ;.
facture of paper or paper goods, if the clearance between
■ the ram and the die or the stripper exceeds one-fourth inch.
2, Pap.'r- cut ting machines having a guillotine action.
3. Greasers, slitters, or corrugating, crimping, embossing,
plating, printing, or graining rolls used in the manufacture
of paper and paper products which are not guarded at the point
of operation,
4. Power shears of all kinds.
9791
-185-
5, Po-'-er-driven ririntins;;: px'esses,
Excerition — APT^rentices: Eiuployraent on pny of the pbove
m^cnines may "be permitted in the case of minors betveen 16
and 18 yenrs of pf^e under conditions of bona fide apprentice-
ship,
6, In oiling, clerning, or ^i^iping rarchinery or shafting in 'motion,
7, In enplvini; belts to pulleys in' motion or assisting therein,
II, Occupations involving general hazards. (Plant and outside mainte-
nance, ;
8, As drivers or rssis'hants to drivers of motor vehicles or as
• helpers or delivery 'Doys on rao'tor vehicles.
9, In or assisting in the operation of gas, oil, or steam engines
used PS prime' movei-Sf ' ' , "
10. riring of steam or '-'rter boilers (except boilers of not more
then 15 lbs, pressure used solely for neating purposes).
11. In the care, custody, operation or repair of elevators, cranes,
■derricks, or otner hoisting apparatus, except in the operation
' '■ ^of (l) cum'D-'/"a iters, as defined by the American Standards
Association, ur of (r) elevators eouioped only for automatic
operation.j
III. Vi'here plating is done.
12. v.ork involving e-vPOsure to chromic acids,, chromates or bi- . '
chromatfcSr
13. Vork in\olviilg excessive exposure to corrosive substances,
::XH-I"MT 98-
0WJA:.L^'TAL i'OLriiG, CAr.Vi:-jG- ;JTT) TUfliaNCr irDUSMY
I. Occupations involving general hazards
1, Firing of steam or -ater boilers (except boilerg of not moi-e than
IE lbs. -oressure used solely for heating purposes, )
2, As drivers of motor vehicles or as delivery boys pr motor vehicles,
3, In, or asristing in, the operation of gas, oil, or steam engines
or other prime movers, •
4, In the care, custody, operation, or repair of elevators, cranes,
derricks, or other hoisting apparatus, except in the operation of
(1) cuml-'^iters as dei ined oy the American Standards Association,
or (2) elevators ecuipoed only for automatic operation,
5, In the hanoling' of lumber weigning more than 75 pounds per board-
er in the liftir*;, lowering, ana/or carrying df objects weighing
more than 75 pounas,
9791
-186-.
II, OcGUT3ations involving snecific mechanical hazards - machine "'ork
(Prohibition to applv to operating or assisting in operating^
except as of f bearer, the following, machines)
• 6, OTJeration of lathes or of 'Tood-yoi-king machinery involving the
use of moving knives, saws, drills, bits anc/or cutters.
7. riachinery having a hervy rolling or ci'ushing action.
&, Roller mixers, pug mills, putty chasers, or molding machinery of
• • the pressure type.
9. Punch presses, embossing presses, or stamrmg machines if the
clearance bet'"een the ram and the die or the stripper or the "'ork
exceeds one-iourth inch.
10, In the operation ol metal-vorking milling machines, lathes, drill
presses, shapers, planers, .'^rinding, or similar machines,
11. In oiling, cleaning, or 'fiping machinery in motion.
12, In applying belts to a pulley in motion or assisting tnerein,
in. Occupations involving health hazards • ' ^
13, All "Tork in spray painting, ' • ■
14. In all processes vhere substances containing lead or any of its
compounds are used in a liouio or povdereo form or at- a temperature
sufficient to vaporize lead,
15. In processes Fhere quartz or any other form of silicon dioxide
or an asbestos silicate is present in po'^dered iorm except pro-
cesses involving the use of sand-paper, sand-cloth or sand-belts.
.16. Vi'ork- involving exposure to benzol or any benzol compound which
is volatile or -• hich can pen; trrte the skin.
SXHIBIT 99
PACKAGE tIEDICINE INDUSTRY-
I* Occupations involving machine hazards
1, In oiling, cleaning, or wiping machinery Or shafting ,
in motion.
2, In_ applying belts to pulleys in motion or assisting
therein,
II, Occupations involving general hazard-s , .
3, As drivers of trucks' or other motor vehicles or as helpers
or delivery boys on such vehicles,
4, In, or assisting in, the operation of gas, oil, or steam
engines used as prime movers.
, 5r .. Firing of steam or.-jater boilers (except boilers of nqt more
than 15 lbs. pressure used solely 'for heating purposes).
6, In the cutting or ^^felding of metals by gas or electricity.
9791
-187-
III. Materials involving special hazards in handling
7, The handlin;;: of phos-ohorus.
8, The handlin;^ of radium.
9.* 'The hcndlins:,- of caustic acids.
10. 'The-ihandling of h/clro cyanic acid.
11. The handlin.:; of oil of hitt'-^r almonds, USP.
SiEIBIT 100
PACKArxIl^G 1.IA.CHIKE11Y IKDUSTxiY AND TRADE
I. Occupations involving; general Hazards
1. In fo^juidries (ferrous or nonferrous) all v;ork in the
foundry proper. i .
2. All Cleaning or grinding operations in foundries.
3. All '.7ork in foundries involving er^po'sure to molten lead
or o.ny :nolten lead alloy or to dust of lead or of a.ny lead'
alloy.
4. In malleable :foundries, operations involving handling of
' heated castings, etc., in connection -Tith annealing work.
5. In the cut-ting or 'leldin- of raetels hy gas or electricity.
6. In or in comection with hot galvanizing or tinning pro-
cesseSi
7. ii-s drivers or assistants to drivers of motor vehicles or
as helpers or delivery hoys on motor vehicles.
8. In, or assisting in, the operation of gas, oil, or steam
engines or other prime movers.
9. In the care, custody, operation or repsir of elevators,
cranes, derricks, or other hoisting apparatus, e::cept in
the operation of (1) drauh^ 'alters as defined "by the American
Standards Association, or (2) of elevators equipped only
for automatic operation.
10. -firing of steam or water ooilers (except boilers of not
more than 15 po'onds pressure used solely for heating
purposes).
II. Occu-pations involving specific mechanical hazards — machine work
(prohibition to apply to operating, assisting in operation, or
talcing material from the follo^'ing mo,cnines).
11. Grinding, abrasive, polishing or buffing vheels; provided
that apprentices operating under conditions of bona fide ap-
prenticeship msy grind their o'vn tools.
12., Lie tal- cut ting machines having a guillotine action,
13. iiachinery used iu the cold rolling of heavy metal stock.
14. Lletal plate bending nachims handling material of more than
0-2145 inch in thiccness.
15. Po^r/er- driven metal planing machines,
16,. Circular sa'.s used in the cutting of metals
17, Boring mills.
18, Power shears of all kinds.
19, Punch presses or stamping machines if the clearance between
the rajn and the die or the stripper e::ceeds one-fourth inch,
20.. Wire stitching machinery.
21, Liachinery having a heavy rolling or crushing action.
97Q1
-188-
Exception: Apprentices: • Employment on pny of the pbove-npmed
mpchines may be permitted in the cpse of minors between 16
and 18 years of age who are bona fide aporentices.
22. In oiling, plepning or "'iping machinery or shafting in motion.
23. In applying belts to pulleys in motion or assisting therein.
Ill, Occupations involving health hazards
24. All work in sprpy painting.
25. '(.ork involving exposure to benzol or any benzol compound which
is volatile or 'rhich can penetrate the skin.
25. 'ijork involving expOE^^re to chromic acids, chromates, or bi-
chromstes.
27. \'«ork involving excessive exposure to corrosive substances,
28. Lead soldering work.
29. All '"ork involving exposure to acid in connection wi'th pickling
of sheet plates.
Apprentices shall be defined as "those w.:0 are regularly
indentured under contr^^^ct tothe industry, for a sufticient
period of time to be systemtic^llv advanced tnrough the
various operations, shops, departments, etc., of a trade,
occupation or industry, and \''ho receive educational training
during a portion of their 'working time in an organized
educational institution."
9791
-189- .
EXHIBIT 101
TAI>2R BOX i,JlC;-ii:j"i;:F/x IlIDUSTHY MD TIUDE
I. Occupationr Irvolving G-eaci'al Hazards
1. In fOTinr^Ties (■'^crrovis or nou-f ^^rrons) , all v;orl' in the
f otm dr./ prop s r ,
2. All cleaning os grind? r.,5 operations in foimdries.
3. All T7ork in fo'.ir.Lirios involvin;'"" errposiire to molten lead or
ary r^oiten lerd alloj'- or to dust of lea.d or of any lead
alloj'.
4. In rasllealile foundries, operations involving handling of
heatod crstin^s, etc., in connection xrith annealing work.
5. In the cutting or welding of metals by gas or electricity.
6. In or in connection with hot galvanizing or tinning pro-
cesses.
7. As drivers or assista^its to drivers of motor vehicles or
as hei~)ers or delivor^' . ho^- s on motor vehicles.
8i In, or assisting in, the operation cf gs.s, oil, or steam
engines or other prime meters*
9. In the cars, custody, operation, or repair of elevators,
cranes,., "derri oh s, or oth^r. hoisting apparatus, except "
in the operation of (l) d--u,rci7aiters s.s defined h;,'- the
Ar^rican Standards Aiisociation, or (?) elevators eqtiipped
only foL- automatic operation.
10. Firing of steam or r;ater hcilers (except "boilers of not'
more than 15 lbs. n^ressure used solely-- for heating
punooses) .
II. Occupptions Involving Specific liochanical Hezards — Machine 'iTork
(Prohibition to aoply to operating, assisting in operrting,
■ ■ or ta!:ing material fi'om thu foTlor-ing machines.)
11, Grinding, rbrasive, ooli'-hirg, or buffing v;heols; provided that
appren:ic3s operating under conoitions of bona fide apprentice-
ship moy grind their ov/n tools.
■ 12. Metal-cutting machines naving a, guillotine action.
13. Machiner}' used in tho cold rolling of heavy metal stock.
14. Metal place bending mtchines hrndling material of more than
0.2145 inch m thi(;h..-iess,
15. Pover-driven metal planing machines.
15. Circular savs used in t:i.e cutting of metals.
17, Boring mills.
18, Po\."er shears of all kinds,
19, Punch presses or stamping mach-ines if the clearance betveen
tne ro.m and ths die or the stripper exceeds one-fourth inch,
20, TJire stitcning machinery,
21, Machinery naving a he^v-;- rolling or crushing action.
Exception; A-'prsntices: Emplo'yment on an^y of the above named
machines may be porr'dtted in the case of minors between 15
ajid 18 years of age i^'ho are bona fide apprentices,
22, In oiling, cleaJiing or wiping machiner;' or shafting in motion.
23, In applying belts to pulleys in motion or assisting therein,
9791
... -190-
III. Occupations involving health hazards
24. All work in spray painting. ,,..
25. Uork involving expo.sure to "benzol or an^/ benzol compound which
is volatile or which can penetra.te the skin.
25. Work involving exposure to chromic acids, chromates, or
■ bichromates*
27. VTork involving excessive exposure to corrosive substances.
28. liead soldering v/ork.
29. All work involving exposure to acid in donnection v/ith
pickling, of sheet plate.
EXHIBIT 102
' ■ ■ PAPER DI SC MILK BOTTLE CAP I1®USTRY
I, Occupations Involving General Hazards
1. Firing of steam of water boilers (except boilers of not
■ ■ ■ more than 15 lbs. "pressure used solely for heating -
purposes).
2. As drivers or assistants to drivers of motor vehicles or as
helpers or delivery boys '^n motor vehicles.
3. In, or assisting in, the operation of gas, oil, or steam
engines or other prime movers.
4. In the care, ciistod;^', operation or repair of elevators, cranes,
derricks, or other hoisting apparatus, except in the
operation of (l) dumbwaiters, .as defined by the American
Standards Association, or (2) elevators equipped only for
automatic operation,
II. Occunations Involving Specific Mechanical Hazards — Machine TJork;
(Prohibition to apply to operating, assisting in operating, or
taking material from the following machines.)
1. Machinery of stamping or punch-press trpe used in the
manufacture of paper or paper goods, if the clearance
between the ram and the die or the striirper- ercceeds- one-
fourth inch.
2. Greasers, slitters, or corrugating, crimiDing, embossi-ng',
plating, printing, or graining rolls used in the manui'acture
of paper and paper products vrhich are not guarded at the
point, of operation.
3. Power shears of all kinds.
Exception; Apprentices: Employment on sny of the above machines
may be permitted in the ca.se ox minors betv/een 16 and 18
years of ago under conditions of bona fide apprenticeship,
4. In oiling, cleaning, or wiping machinery or shafting in motion.
5. In applying belts to pulleys in motion or assisting therein.
6. Power driven printing presses.
Apprentices shall be defined as "those. who are regularly
indentured under contract to the Industrjr, for a sufficient
period of t-ine to be systematically advanced through the
9791
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verious o;icratior.3, shcps, departuicutr;, etc, of a Trnde, Occupation or
Inuustry, ^^nC. who receive ediicn tionrl training in an or^^anized education*".
al instit tiozi durin.T; a portion of fieir working time. "
• SKIILIT 105
PATI-I: UAT-^RS 5!l;LT IICUSTRY
I. Occupations involving; r:-^3eciiic mcclianical hazards — mnchj ne work
1. Carding.
2. P irking.:
3. VJerviiig.
4. WaLhiiig.
5. Extrnctiii£';.
6. Fu-lling.
7., Kap-ping.
II. Occupations involving general liazards
8. As drivers of uotor vehicles or as helpers or delivery
boj'S on raotor vehicles.
S. In the operation, custotv, or repair of elevatorr-, craiies,
derric'-.s, or other hoisting axwaratus, except in the
operation of (l) ■uinV waiters, as defined by the American
Standa.rdo Association or (3) elevators eqiiipped only for
auto::ia,ti c opeTation,
10,. In oilin,. , cleer.i.iv;, or riping machinery or shafting
in motion.
11.. In ? )plying belts to julleys in motion or assisting therein,
12, Hpndlin- of heavy weights..
aniPIT 104
PIPZH STA1lOr£RY AI". TAJT.h'f uA:\.7'-CW/RT<-G IM)USTHY
I. Occupations in\olvini^' 'general ha,zar\s
1. Firin;-; oi s-ce^-i.i or water boilers (except boilers of not more
than 15 lbs. jresVure used solel.y for lieating purposes),
2. As drivers or rssist-nts to t.rivers of motor vehicles or
a.s helioers or delivery boys on motor vehicles.
5, In or as:;istin_\,- in the operation of gas, oil, or steam
engines or other pri,.;e j.iovers.
4. In the cars, custody, operation, or repair of eleva.tors,
cranes, derricks, or other hoisting apparatus, except in
the opeiTtion oi (l) cambwaAters, as defined by the Ameri-
cai": Standards Association, and (2) elevators equip :ied
only lor a^'itoraatic oyjeration.
II. Occf-pa.tions involving -specific mechanic^^l hazards — u-' chine Work
(?ro:.iibition to ap jly to operating, assisting in operating, or
tricing r.aterirl fron the following machines:)
1, haxhinery of stamping or pr-jach-pres*-; type used in the
manufacture of paper or paper .:,-6ods, if the clearance
9791
-19 2-- ■
■bcti/ccn the ram snd th.c die or the stripper exceods one-fourth
incli. ■■ . , . ■
2, Prner cutting nip.chines having a guillotine ruction.
3, p-^per punches or line perfofhtors.
4, Crcr.sers, slitters, or plrting rolles used in the manufacture
of paper rno. paper products v/hich are not guardad.'.at the
point of operation.
5, In oiling, cleaning, or 'i/iping m-'^chincry or shafting in
motion.
G» Applying "belts to riulleys in motion or assisting therein.
V^herc Printing is Done
1. Pov/or-driven printing presses.
2. Monotype or linotyiie machines.
3. Emoossing machinery used in the printing industry,
4. Glov/ing out type cases in printing shops.
5. Cleaning linotype plungers in printing shops.
6. Dry sv/eeping rnd clecning in printing shops.
7. In melting operations, in I'rir.ting shops.
ESIIBIT 105
PEEFmiE, COSMETIC MD OTHi^R TOILER PREPAEATIOSiS INDUSTRY
I. Occupations involving machine "'.a.zards
1, In oiling, cleaning or wiping machinery or shafting in
motion.
2, In apolying "belts to pullv.;ys in motion or assisting therein.
II. Occupr.tions involving general ha^^ards
3, As driv\.rs of trucks or other motor vehicles or as helpers
or delivery "boys on such vehicles.
4, In, or assisting in, the operation of ga,s, oil, or steam
• ■ engines used as prime movers,
5, Firing of sterjn or water boilers (except boilers of not more
thpXi 15 lbs. pressure used solely for heating purposes).
6, In, the cu-tting or v/elding of metrls by gas 'or electricity.
7, Hrndling of caustic rnd inflammable ra-^tcrials in'"b\ill<:.
EXHIBIT 106
PETROLEmi EqlJIPKENT IlTBUSTSy AflD TRADE
I, Occupations involving general hazai'ds
1. Firing of steam or V'O.t'. r boilers (except boilers of not
more than 15 lbs. pressure used solely for heating pur-
poses).
2. As drivers, or assist'.nts to driv.^rs of motor vehicles or as
helpers or delivery boys on motor vehicl>.,s.
9791
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3. In, or assisting in, the operation of gas, oil, or steam
engines or other prime. n)0'"'ers.
4. In the care, oustody, operation or repair of elevators, cranes,
derricks, or other hoisting apparatus, except in the operation
of (l) d-oinhwaiters as defined "by the Anerican Standards
Association, or (2) tlevaocrs equipped only for automatic
operaticn,
5. In the cutting or welding of metals "by gas or electricity.
6. In or iii conni-t-tion vith ho t ' gal \rani z ing or tinning processes.
7. All occupations in steel tiihe and cast iron, pipe manufacturing.
8. In the m.xt treatment of metals.
9. All Occivoa-tions in forging shops. ■
19. Manufact-i.Ting. transportation, or handling of explosives of
highly iriflammable substances.
In cases of foixndry work in the industry
11. All Tvor^- in the fouridiy loroper.
12. All cler.ning or -rvinding operations in foundries.
13. All vor'- in foundrr.es Involving exposure to molten lead or
any moicpn le-^d alloy or to dust of lee-d or cf any lead alloy.
14. In n:alleahle foLuadries, operations involving handling of
heated castinf^s, etc., in connection ^ith annealing work.
II. Occupations involving specific mechanical hazards — Machine work.
(Prohibition to ac-oly to ot>erati-ng assisting in operating, or
taking material from the following machines. )
15. Grinding, abrasive, jDOlishlng or buffing wheels; provided
that apr)ientices operating tjnder conditions of bona fide
apprenticeship may grind their own tools.
16. . Metal-cutting machines having a gu.illotine action,
17. Metal plate bending '-machines handling material of more than
0.2145 inch .in thickness.
18. Power-d?'iven netal olaning machines. . ■,,
19. CirculS'.t- saws u?^jd in the cr.tting of metals.
20. Wire soicching machinery.
21. Machine-.';./ havi.ng a heavy rolling or crushing action.
22. Machinery used in the cold rolling of heavy metal stock.
23. Boring mills.
24. Por7er shears of all kinds.
25. pianch presses or stamping machines if the clearance between
the ram and the die or the striroer exceeds one-fourth inch.
26. Operation of' wood-wor].;ing machinery or as off bearer. ,
27. Roller mixers, pug mills, or putty chasers.
28. Wire dranin.g machines.
. Exception: r/ork on fine sizes of wire commonly drawn
through diancnd lies.
Exception - Apnrentices - ■^mT)lcyment of any of the above-named
ma,chines may be permitted in the case of minors .between 16 and
' 18 years of age who are bonaf ide aTDr)rentices.
'29. In oiling, cleaning, or '-i-oing machinery or shafting in
motion.
9791
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■■1 •; V '1 ■ , ! , .- . . ^ ,
30. In applying belts to uullcys in motioa \bf, as ^i skiing therci
,:■':. :if^::. ,':-ri'jir:rc.f'\':,r: -si :'^:/-. ^ ■■■ - ■ • . •- ,- ■ ''•-,•'
Illi ■0cc&paMo-ni3Ti»yo:l,v4,>ng'- heel tij-. hazards ■ , . , .;' , • '. ■
31i .i.fc:act4?sQi-(a.c-ring-..'j^<3,rk* . •; , , •..,... ■ .. . ' ,'
32. All v/ork involving exposure to acid... in connection vith ''
. ,p-i;olvl-,i,t)rg-, of 'SlitjSft plate. . ;-■■■.,
32-t ,: Jllli-T.'ork-in ,SpPAy .Rai-nti-ng, ■ ' ■'
24i['',-r;Xn ■allvprpceigses'.iyiiere. substances contrining lead or any.bf-"'
its compounds are used, in -a liquid or pov/dorcd. form, . or -at- a
temperature sufficient to vrporizc .lend.
35w "*,:In. prts.OQSS'CS where quartz or , any other fom of silicon dioxid.e
or an asbestos silicate is presj^nt in powdered forrn. '' ' ■''
36. 'Jerk involving exposxire to benzol or eny bmzol compound v.'hich
in vola.tile^'OT v7hich;can pen-.etrnt,j: the skin.
Apprentices shall be define,d as "those v/ho nrc regulprly indentured
under contract, to' .the Industry, for a sufficient perioc. of time to be :
systematically advrnced through tht various operations, shops, depart-" ,
ments, etc-,, -of a Tirade, Occupation or Industry, and v/ho receive' c'diica-
tional tra.ining.'in an organized educatipn.al institution during a portion
of their working •timCi n ■ ■ •
• ■■' ■ • • . -gailBlT l(l7 ■ '
PHOTOGRAPHIC AlID KIOTO rilvTI SHI IJG INDUSTRY '
1. iny occuprtion v/hich requires the use of or exposure to the
Chemical "Me-tol".. ' '' : .
••■ ■ • EXHIBIT 108
■■ ■ PlAHO LiAinjPAC TURING Il^USTEY
I, Occupations involving general hazards , . ' ,
li Load soldering v/ork.
3. All v/ork involving exposure to acid in connecting v;i th pick-_
ling of sh^^ct plate."-.' ■
3. Firing of stepjn or v/ater boilers (except boil.ers of not more
than 15 pounds pressure ua^-d sol^-ly for heating purposes.)
_4« As drivers or assistants to driv<. rs of motor vehicles or as
helpers or delivery boys on motor .vehicles.
5. In dr-'assisting in thc.opcr.ation of gas, oil, or steam
engines or other prime movers. • ■•
6. In the care, custocy, operation or repair of eliSvators ," -cranes,
d;criidks, or other ''hbi sting dpp.'iratiis,- except in. the operation
of (l) d-umbwaiters as defined by. the Amoripan Standr-rds Asso-
ciati-en, or (2) of clevrtors equipped gnly for a,utoran,tic
operation-,' .-• - .^ .. ,' ' ,,'..'.,, ;^\ -:''■ '^^ ■?-?■- ■
7. In the cutting .or;V;clding .of metals by ".gaB.',or 'el.o'cltf icit^_. '^
8. In or in connection v/ith hot g.--Jvanizing or tinning' processes.
9791
-1S5-
Wotc; Som^- foundry wor : will bo found in thu industry; in
such cp.scs the follov/iii/^- prohibitions r.pply:
In mpJlc.^lc foundries;, opcrr.tions involvin/^ hr^,ndling of
h-.r.tcd cr.stmjs, t-tc. ,. in connection v/ith frnhcrling work.
Moulding v.'ork, core , asking or other processes vhcrc such
T/ork cxposf "^ the v;o?'kc-r cither directly or indir^^ctly to
the hr.zn.rds ox molted irii^tal or to lor.d or zinc f-umos or which
involves th^. silicosir^ iir.zr^rd.
All clurning or j-Tinding ooorpoions.
All v.'ork which invo?.ves th^ hr,noling of met'^llic lead.
II. Occupations involvi?ig specific mechanical hazards- -machine work
(prohibition to apply to operating, a.ssisting in operating, or
talcing uatorial frou tlii^ following machines)
9. Grinding, rbrrsivc, polishing or buffing wheels; providc.d
that -px^renticos operating ujider conditions and bona fide
r.pprcnticoship mry grind their orm tools.
10. 'lictal- cut ting -T/^'^hincS' having a g-uillotine rction.
11. lictal platc: b. nding machines handling matcrirl of more than
0. 214o" ■ in thi ckncsi: .
12.. Po'./cr- driven niwtrl planing machines.
13. Circulai Scav;g used in the cutting of metals.
14. V'ire drawing machines, except work on fine sizes of wire
comi'.ionly cravm through Diamond dies.
15. Machinery ha,ving a, her'yy rolling or cru.shing action, such as
corruga.ting rolls.
16. Power shca,rs of rll kinds.
17. All v/ork on saws.
18. Punch presses or strmoing machines if the clearance between
the rnm ajid div^ or the stripper exceeds one-fourth inch.
19. All occupations in connection v/ith pov/er- driven woodv/orking
machinery.
ISr^ Machineiy useu in tlu, cold rolling of heavy metal stock.
19b, Boriiig mills.
Sxccption; Apprentices: 3nploy;-nent on my of the abbvc-npjned
machines nay be pemuttcd in tho case of minors between 16
Tjid 18 years of pf^.. under conditions of bona fide rpprcntice-
ship to p. tr;idc.
20. In oiling, cleaning or wiping mpchinery in motion.
21. In applying bolts to a pulle.y in motion or assisting therein,
III, Occupations involving health haz-\rd3
22. In occxupations involving exposur.. to bone or composition dust.
23. '.Tork involving exp'Osure, to Ciiromic r.cids, chromates or bichr^aates.
24. All uork in sioray -oaintihg.
25. '.7ork involving e:-:posurc to ccrrosivo substances.
26. _ ".^ork involving exposure to nitro or rrnido derivatives of benzol
or oth^r derivatives of b^.n^ol,
27. In ail processes where substances containing lead 'or its com-
pounds are used.
9791
: . -196-
28. In .-roccSTcs vflierc qu-^rtz or oth>;.r mr.tcrirls producing a
silicosis hr-zprc. r.,rc. ■pi'csent. ■
Apprentices shp.ll be dofinGd as "those '-/lio r.re rc:,\ilprly
in'dcntured r.nder contract to the industry, for n
Gii.fficicnt period of time to be systcinr.ticrlly ad.vr,nccd
throUs;;-:h the vrrious operations, shops, departments, etc. ,■
of a trade, occupation or industry, -?nd v/ho receive cd.uc<a-
tionpl training m rn orgpnizcd educational institution
during p. portion of their v;orl:ing time. "
EXHIBIT 109
PICTUBE luOULLIilG AlvHD PICTURE PRAi.IE INDUSTRY
;. Occupations ir.volvinfj 7;enc ral hazards
1. Firing of sterm or v/ater boilers (except boilers of not more
thcM 15 lbs. pressxire used, solely for heating purposes).
2. As drivers or assistrnts to drivers of motor vehicles or as
helpers or eeliver;/ Doys on motor vehicles.
3. In, or assisting in, the operation of grs, oil, or sterm-
cngiiiGG or other prime movers.
4. In the care, custody,- operrtion or repaid of elevators, crp.nes,
derricks, or other hoisting apparatus, except in the operation
of (l) dumbv/aiters, as defined by the American Standards
As!!ociation, or of (2) elevators equipped only for automatic
operation.
II. Occupations involving spcciiic mechpnical hazards — machine work-
(Pi-ohibition to apply to opera.ting, assisting in operating, or
taking- material from the following machines. )
5.' All occti.pp.tions in connection with power-driven ToodTcrfclng
machinery.
6. In oiling, cle?ning or wiping machinery in motion.
7. In a.jplying belts to a pulley in notior or c^ssisting therein,
III. Occu.oations involving henlth hazards
8. All I'ork in spr?^y printing. ' ■ ■'
9. In all -nrocess^s v-hcre suostpnces containing lead or its
compotuads pre used..
10. In processes where qu.artz or other raateri.'-.ls producing a
. silicosis hazard, pre present.
11. "..'oi-1: involvin_ -czcpostire to b'..nzol. ■ "'
■ • EXHIjilT 110 , '■ • ■
,' PIPE NIPPLE iuAl'lUFACTURING IlIDUSTHY
Occupations involving general hazards
1. Drivers or assistants to drivers of motor vehicles or as
helpers or dtelivery boys on motor vehicles.
9791
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2- In or ass;istii\'; i;^ the operation of jip.r,, oil, or steam en-
;;ines or othei- 'oi-imc rjovcrs.
3. In the crrc, custoQ'', oyei-ation or rcpfir of elevators, crrncs,
derrichs, or other hoistiiv; ap )aratv.s, except in the opera-
tion of (l) ("jmbvaiter?? as v!lefincd hy the American Standards
Association, or (.3) elevators equipped only for antornatic
operation.
6. In oilin:,, cleaning, or v/iping Machinery in motion,
7. In :a;;j)lyin-j. belts .to pulleys in raotion or assir^ uin/^; therein.
II. Occu-pations involvin.j specific raechanicpl haZc?.rds — machine work
(prohihitxcn to.rpnly to operating, assisting in operating, or
ta]cin;; raateriel from the folloi;ini; machines) :
1. i'.ioi''idin~ \7ork, core raalcing, or other processes in foundries
v/here su.ch v/erk exposes the Korker either directly or in-
directly to the hazards of nelted metpj, or to le-^d or
Kinc f"LU,.<js, or which involves a silicosis hazard.
2. All cle-'iing or ■.jrindin;; operations.
3. All work I'/hich, involves the handling of metallic lead, in
f ov^iicries.
4. A.11 mallcaule^ foundries, operations involvin,;; hrndling of
heated castings, etc. , in connection v.-ith annealing vjork.
5. Grinding, atrasive, jjolishing, or buffing v/heels; provided,
apprentices operpting "LQider conditions of bona fide appren-
ticeship may grind their cm tools.
6. lietai- cutting m.^ chines laving a guillo'^ine . action.
7. Machinery used in the colo. rolling of heavy metal stock.
8. Uetal plate bending machines handling material of more than
0,214.3 inch in thickness.
9. Pov.-er-driven metal ilaning machines.
10. Circular saws used in the cutting of metals.
11. 3or:'.ng lidlls.
12. Power shears of ,?.ll Mnds.
13. Punch premises or stamping machines if the clearance between
the ran nud the die or the stripper exceeds one— fourth inch,
14. In t2ie cutting or welding of metals by ga,s or electricity.
15. In 01 in connection with hot galvanizing or tinning pro-
cesses.
5791
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ZXHIBri 111
PIPE OHGM IHDUSTRY
I. Occupations involving general hazards
1. In nonferrous foundries , all v.'ork in the foiuidry proper.
2. All cleaning or grinding operations in foundries.
5. All Y>;orh in foxindries involving exroosure to molten lead or -^jiy
molten lead alloy, or to dust of lead or of oxiy lead alloy.
4. As drivers, or assistaiits to drivers of motor vehicles or r.s
heli^ers or delivery boys on motor vehicles.
3. In, or assisting in, the OTjer;tion of gas, oil, or steajii
engines or other -irime movers.
6. In the care, custocly, opei'ation or repair of elevators, crpjnes,
derricks, or ooher hoisting aTT.ratus , except in the o"oeration
of (l) dumhv/aiters as defined Isy the Arnericsji Stfiidards
Association, or (2) of elevators equi;o-)ed only for a,utomatic
operation.
7. Firing of steam or water boilers (exce^^t boilers of not more
thon IC' -pounds -oressure used solely for heating purooses) .
8. In the cutting or weldiiig of metals by gas or electricity.
9. In, or in connection v.'ith, hot galvanizing or tinning -.processes.
10. In, or in connection \7ith, all "irocesses in the manufacture of
iTibber goods.
II, Occupations involving specific mechanical hazards — machine v/oi-lc
11 . Grindin,;_-, abrasive, --olishing, or buffing vheels; -provided that
r.-—irentices O'lera.ting under conditions of bona fide apprentice-
ship may grind their own tools.
12. i.'etal -cut ting ma'chines having a gTiillotine action.
13. hachinerj'- used in the cold rolling of heavy metal stock.
14. Ketal plate "bending machines handling me;,terial of more thaji .
0.2145 inch in thiclaiess.
15. Pov/er-driven metal -ilaning machines.
IS. Circular sav/s used in the cutting of metals.
17. Boring mills.
13. Pov/er shears of all kinds.
IS. Punch presses or stai:ning machines if the clearajice betv/een the
raj.i and the die or the stripper exceeds one-fourth inch.
20. "i/ire stitching machinery.
31. r.achinery having a heavjr rolling or crushing action.
22. ;;olding, splitting, rolling, loerf orating, stamping, dieing-out
embossing, burnis'ning, clicking, skiving, stri'iping or buffing
machines used in the leather industrj/.
23. All occupationii carried on in connection with T;^or;er-driven v/ooc-
w 0 rki ng machi n e ry .
Exception; Ap'orentices: Employment on anj;- of the above-named
machines may be "oermitted in the case of minors between 16 -nd
18 years of age who are bona fide apprentices,
24. In oiling, cleaning or wiping machinery or shafting in motion.
25. In applying belts to pulleys in motion or assisting therein,
9791
o
-1S9--
III. Occupations involving- 'liealtli liar^nrcls
25. Lead soldering v/ork.
27. All v;ork invol "in" eroosure to r.cic' in connection v/ith --dcliing
01 slieat pla-e.
28. V.'orlr involvirg ex-oosare to liemol or any iDeuzol cora-iound which.
is vcl.-.t-iln or which c:\n Tenctrr.te the shin.
29. In the use oi" dan.gei-o-us dyestuffs.
30.' All work in spray painting,
1. In all processes vmere snTDstcnccs containing lead or any. of its
corapcimds rre usee in a l-icfuid or -^ov/dered form,, or at a
tem-.Terati.ire a^-.ifi cient to V£';oorize le.ad.
32. In -oroces'.>es vnjre our.rt:: or any other form of silicon dioxide
or ,nji ar^oe-tos silicate is -oresent in r>ov/dered form. .
3. TiYork involving ejroor^ure to ohromic acids, chromates or •
hichrorn;i,tes,
34. Uorh irv'olving excessive ex':i0sure to corrosive substances.
Apprentices shall he defined as ''those v;ho are regularly in-
dentured tuider contrrct to the industry, for a sufficient
period of time to he systematically advanced through the
V£iricu3 o'ierations, sho-s, departments, etc., of a trade,
occupation or industry, and who receive eciuco.tional training
in an organized educational institution during a -oortion of
their working ti^;e."
SXHIhIT li:
o
PLlTtBIhC- FlhTITLES IITDUSTRY
I. Occupations involvin;~ general hazards
1. In f oiuidries (ferrous .■^nd nonferrous), all v/ork in the foundry
proper e
2. All cleaning or griiicTing operations in foundries.
3. All work inf-oundries involving e:roosure to molten lead, or any
molten lead alloy or to dust of lead or of any lead alloy,
4. In malleable foundries, o-oerations involving; handling of heated
castings,- etc. , in connection v/ith annealing work.
5. In the cutting or welding of metals oy gas or electricity.
5. In, or in connection v;ith, hot galvrnizing or tinning -orocesses,
7. As drivers or assistants to driV'-^-rs of motor vehicles, or as
helpers or deliver;/ hoys on motor vehicles.
8. In, or assisting in, the O'leration of gas, oil or steam engines
or other prime movers.
9. In the Care, custody, operation or re;:tair of eleva.tors, croiies,
derricks, or other hoisoing apparatus, except in the operation
of (l) dumbwaiters as defined hy the Ainerican Stojid-rds Asso-
ciation, or, (2) of eleva.tors eouipped only for automatic
opera.tion.
10. Firing of stecjn or v;ater boilers (except boilers of not more
than 15 pounds pressure used solely for heating purposes).
9791
" -200-
II. Occupations involving s-^ecific rneclinnic?,! hazards — machine work
(prohibition to apply to operating, n.ssisting in o;oerr.tin-3, or
talcing material from the follov/in^; machines)
11. Grinding, abrasive, polishing or buffing wheels; orovidec. that
ap^'irentices operating under conditions of bona fide a"Torentice-
ship may grind their own tools.
13. uetal-cutting machines having a gu.illotine action.
13. hachinery used in the cold rolling of heavy metal stock.
14. Metal -ilate bending ma,chines haiidling material of more than
0.2145 inch in thiclaiess.
15. Pov;er-driven metal iilaning machii.es,
15. Circular saws used in the cutting of metals.
17, ■ Boring mills,
IS. Power shears of all kinds,
19. Punch nresses or staxrping machines if the clearance between the
ram and. the die or the stripiier e::ceeds one-fourth inch.
20, Ilachinery having a hea.vy rolling or crushing action,
.21, Poller mixers, pi\g mills, dry pans, putty chasers, forming proc-
esses or other molding machinery of the pressure type. l^
22, "iTliere wood is used, all occupations carried on in connection
with '-oov/er driven woodv/orking machinery.
Exce'otion; Ar-iprentices; Hmoloyment on anj- of the above-n?med.
maCxiines m?y be loermitted in the case of minors betv/een 16 rjid
18 years of age who are bona fide ap^irentices.
23, In oiling, cleaning or v;i-->ing machinery/ or shf fting in motion.
24. In ariplying belts to pulleys in motion or assisting therein,
III. Occupations involving health hazards
25. All v^ork in spray painting,
26, In all "orocesses where substances containing lead or any of its
compounds are used in a liquid or pov'dered form, or at a ter.T^er-
atiire sufficient to vaporize lead,
27. In processes where quartz or any other form of silicon dioxide or U'
ail asbestos silicate is loresent in pov.dered form.
28. T/ork involving e:r~os\ire to benzol or gnj- benzol compound which is
'volf'tile or v.'hich caJi penetr'^-te the skin.
29, '.Tork involving excessive e:cnosure to corrosive substances.
Apprentices shall be defined as "those who are regularly in-
dentured under contract to the inc'ustry, for a sufficient
period of 'time to be systematically advanced through the
various oi^erations, shops, departments, etc., of a trade,
occuoation or industry, and who received' educational training
in an orgejii'zed educational institution during, a portion of
their working time,"
9791
-201-
rx-:i3iT 113
POP.CELAI'i E?J]AIC?AS"? FUmTUPi: ASSEiBLIlTG IITDUSTEY
I. Occu-^r.ticns Involvin^j General Hasp.rcls
1. As drivers or assistants ';o ('.rivers of -motor vehicles or as
heljero or c'-'?jivery "Loy^ oil notor vehiclbs,
2. In, o..- a^'sistia-; in, '•-}^e op'^rotion of gas, oil, or steam engines
or othe-'- ■oriTi'^ movers,
3. In the care, ca.5tod5", orierauion or repair of elevators, craiies,
derritlco; or other hoisting a^^^jaratus, except in the operation
01 (1) d-Qiibrail ers as defined "by tae Aiiierican Standards Asso-
ciation; or {'?■) of elevators equipned onlj- for automatic
operation.
4. Firing of stcpxu or v-ater "boilers (exce"7.t boilers of not more
turn 15 Ihs- .'resen.ra ut^el solely for heating pur;-)0ses).
II. OccupFtions Involving S-iecific f.iechanical Hazards — Machine iTork.
(prohioition to apply to operating, assisting in operating, or talcing
material from the follov;ing macnines.)
5. All occir^ations carried on in connection with povver-driven v/ood-
v/orhing mo-ciiinerj;- >,
III. Occupations Involving Health Hazards.
S. All work in spray painting.
7. Work involving ejvDocure to henzol or my henzol compound v/hich
is volatile or whicn can of-netrate the skin.
EXHiri^ 114
PCJDZR -TfiTF i:tust:ry
I. Occupations involving general hazards
1. Firing -of stepra or vrater ooilers (except "boilers of not more
thpjn 15 pour.ds pressure lued solely for heating 'purposes) .
2. ■ As drivers or assistants to driver": of motor vehicles or as
helpers or dslivei-y "i-oys on motor vehicles.
3. In, or assisting in, the operation of g-'S, oil, or steam engines
or other prime movers.
4. In the care, custociy, OTjeration -or re-nair of elevators, cranes,
derricks, or other hoisting a^'^paratus, exce-ot in the operation
of (l) riumhwcaters as defined h" the American Standards Asso-
ciation, or (.2) of elevators equiprieci only for automatic
operation.
II. Occup'tions involving specific raechanical hazards — machine work (pro-
hibition to apply to operating, assi'^ting in operating, or talcing
material from the follovang machines)
5. Linking or dieing-out m3.chines,
6. In oiling, clesjiing, or v/iping ma.chiner;- in notion.
7. In ap"olying "belts to a, -pulley in motion or assisting therein.
9791 ^' . .
-202--
EXHIBI'::' 115
precious jE'vx?:: t'^iCduciitc iraiisTHY
I. Occup;'.tions involvin,j ;;^ener,^l hazp.rds
1. As dvivf rs or pocistpnts uO drivers of motor vehicles or as
help3is or d'elivsiy 'boyc on motor vehicles.
<2. In, or psr.istin;i in', the opsrr.tion of gas, oil or steaja engines
or o'^her priire mo-^ers.
3. In the earn, cv(.3tod;;-j operation or reT)air of elevators, cranes,
dprri^irs, or other hoisting appa.ratus , except in the operaoion
of (l; dinifo'u'aiter^ a^ defined "by the American Standards Asso-
ciation, or (3) 01 elevators equip^Tec' only for a.iitonatic.
operation.
Firing of steaju or v/rter boilers (e;.ce'Mt hollers of not aore 'th.an
13 porjids pressure used solely for heating pui-poses).
5. In the currin;j or v/eldtn'j or metals by gas or electricity.
In, or in conneccion with, hot galvanizing or tinning processes. ■
A
o
II. Occuprtions i;ivolving s-iecific mechanical hazards — machine work (pro-
hioition to noply to o-oera,ting, assisting in operating, or tailing
nrtcrial froni the following machi-es)
7. Grinding, abrasive, polishing, or buffing wheels; provided that
learners or apprentices o^ erating under conditions of bona,
fide r:p,prenticeship may grind their own tools.
8. hetal-ci'tting niachi-'.es having a guillotine acti;^n. ■ •
9. Macninery xised i-.i cole rolli:ig of heavy raetal stock. ■ •
10. lietal -oiate bending i-nachlnes handling material of more than
0,214b inch in thiclciesSi
11. Pov/er-diiven me tal-T- leaving ma.chires.
12. Circular aa.wj used in tl:e cutting of metals.
13. Bering mills,
14. Po-.Ter sh'^c.rs of all hinds,
15. Punch -iresses or stamping machiiies if the clearance between the
ram anc" the die or the stri]TTer exceeds one-fourth inch.
16. '.Viro stitching .nach'j;.ci"5'.
17. LlrCidner]/- having a lieavy rolling or crushing action.
18. li'i oiling, cltjpning or v^ipin, machirer;','' or Siia.fting in motion.
19. In .applying belts to i^Jleys in mocion or assisting therein. '
III. Occuprtions involving health hazards
20. All vrork in spray painting.
21. In all ■pi'ocesses where stibstaiices containing lead or any of its
compounds are used in a liquid or pov/dered form or at a temper-
ature sufficient to vaporize lead.
22. In processes vmere raiartz or any other form of 'silicon dio::ide
or fui asbestos silic-'te is in-esent in powdered form.
23. Work involving e;.poci\re to benzol or any benzol compoiuid v;hich ■ *'
is volatile or which caii penetrate the skin.
24. In the use of d-^jigerous dye-stuffs.
25. w'orh invol^/ing e^cposure to chromic acics, chromates, or bi-
chromates,
26,- Tifork involving excessive exposure to corrosive substances.
27. '■.'ork involving e:-rposure to nitric, L:[uriatic or sulphuric acids.
9791
"203- ■•
LXHI3I? 116
PPZSEP.VE, M.3J:J.SCHI:T0 CEEJi'.Y AIID GLACE PRUI? IITDUSTRY
I. Occupi^tio^•s iiivolvin,-._; geneirl hazai-ds
1. As drivers of taicks or otl;:er motor vehicles or as helpers or
doliver;'^ "ooj-s en such vehicles:
2.. In the cperatic.i, custody, or repair of elevrtors, crpjies,
. d;}rrlc''.zb , or :)ther hoistinr; a'oparatus, except in the operation
of (l) dii-mortlters as defined by the American Standards Asso-
••ciatii'n. or (i) elevators equipped onlj'- for a,utomrtic
oi-)eration.
3. In, or aSfist.Li:-; in, the operation of ^as , oil, or steam engines
.used f,s Torii-ie movers,
4. Firing of ste^uri or vo.ter hollers (e:.cept hoilers of not more than
15 povjids -oretsure used solel;- for heating pui-poses),
II. Occiipations involving machine hazards
5. All v/crk on coohers,
5. In oili-.t;, cl-.^iiing, or wiping raachi/.eiy or shafting in motion,
7. In applying helts to pulleys in motion or assisting therein,
I]]G:I?IT 117
PPJ1JT-R0LL3?. AlaD PF.IrT BLOCK HAITUPACTURINC- IlIDUSTPY
I. Occupations involving genero.l hazards.
1. In the cutting or weilding cf rietals hy gas or electricity,
2. As drivers or assisttxnts to drivers of motor vehicles or as
helpers or delivery hoys on motor vehicles.
3. In, or assisting in, the operation of gas, oil, or steam engines
or other prim.e movers.
4. In the care, custo-Jy. operrticn or repair of elevators, cranes,
derricks, or othsr hoisting a'opo.ratus, except in the operation
of (l) dvxiibvr alters as defined "by the American Standards Asso-
ciation, or (2) elevators equipped only for o,utom.-.tic operation,
5. Firing of oteam or ^;rter hollers fe"-cept hoilers of not more than
15 po-Luads pressure used solely ior neating purposes).
II. Occupations involving siTecific mechanical' hazards—machine v/orh.
(Prohihition to aoply to 0"-:-rating, assisting' in operating, or
taking material from the follovang machines.)
5. Grii-ding, ahrasive, polishing or huffing wheels; provided that
apprentices operatin.r; under conditions of hona fide ap'Trentice-
ship ne;y grind their OT/n tools.
7. ivietal -cut ting mac"hi:.es having a guillotine action.
8. TTire stitching ma^chinerj't.- / '
9. I.iachiner;'- having a neavj- rolling or crushing action.
10. power shears of all kinds.
9791
~204f
11. Punch ;oresses or stpin-iing mr.clii/.es if the clearance oetween the
rsm and the die or the st'i-ip-)er exceeds one-foxirth inch.
12. Opero.tinr; of pov/er-drive-i v;ood-v.'orki„g uachinery or as off-
hearer.
Exce-r?t '.on; Apv)rentices: E.-nlo^Tiient on any of the ahove-named
mfchi.-.es mrj he -;^ emit ted in the cases of minors hetween 15. .
pnd 13 ye-^rs of age v/ho are hona fide p:o irentices.
13. In oiling, cleanin^^:, or win in:; raachi.iery or shaft in;;; in motion.
1-1-. In a^plyin^- belts to ;-iV:.lleys in motion or assisting therein.
Apprentices shall -^e defined as "those v.'ho are regularly in-
dent-L.red under contract to the industry,-, for a sr^fficient
"lerioc' of time to oe syst erratically advanced througlri the
various oper\tions, shops ^ de'-'artments , etc., of a trade,
occunation or Indus ti-y, and who receive educational trainiiig
in an orga-niz^d ediicational institution during a portion of
their v/orking tiiue.''
ac-iiriT lie
PEi;'"::'iha zqijipiiirs i:dusthy juid trade
I. Occupations Involving G-eneral Haza.rds.
1. Eiring of steam or w- ter 'boilers (e:;ce--t hoilers of not more than
13 poiUids oressure used solely for heating purposes) .
3. As drivers or assistants to drivers of motor vehicles, or as
helpers or delivery hc/s on motor vehicles.
3. In, or t.ssi sting, in t'le operation of gas, oil, or steajn engines
or other prim? m.overs.
4. In the ca,re, custod^-, operation or re-oair.of elevators, cr:>ji©s,
derrirhs, or other noi sting apparatus, except in the operat>ion
of (l) drjnb'.:aiters a.s defined hy the Aiiierica:.^ Standards Asso-
ciation, or {?,) of elevators equipped only for atitomatic
operation.
5. In. ferrous and nonfu-rous foiuidries, a.ll work in the foundry
proper,
5. All cleaning or ^rinding operations in foundries.
7. All vvork in foundries involving e:rposure to molten lead or any
molten lead alloy or to dust of lea,d or of any lead alloy,
8. In malleable foundries, operations involving handling of heated
Castings, etc., in connection with ainiealing work.
3. In the cutting or v.'pldin^ of metails by gas or electricity.
19. In or in connection with hot galvanizing or tinning orocesses.
II. Occupations Involving S".ecific liechanical Hazards — luachine V/ork.
(Prohibition to a?pply to opera.ting, assisting in operating, or
taking material from the following machines).
11. Grinding, abrasive, polishing, or bijffing wheels.
12. Hetal -cutting machines having o, guillotine action.
13. i'achincry used in the cold-rolling of heavy metal stock.
9791
-205-
!<:. Ketnl -~^late -oendin;; machines handling material of more thaii •
0 . 21<:5 i ncl: i n tl :i claie g s .
15. po'"er-driven metal planiuf- mfCliines.
16. Circular Pav/s imed in the cutting of metals,
17. Boring nulls-
18. Pov.e.o s'-i.-^ars ox" all id.ndCc
19. T^JU'uli T^rerce- or stanniiij m,achineT if the clearpnce betv;een the
iL->vi .-id th'.; lie or the rtrippf-r e::ceeds one-fourth inch,
20. Machinery havin^.; a haavy roxlin;"_ or crus/iinf; action.
21. All oC(.a-'_io.tions carried on in coniection v/ith power— r'.riven
\vood'"'orl:in-'; ■a-achmer;'',-
21a,. VJiro-sti uChini}; nachinery-
22. In oilirg, clea^iin:^ or wiping; .na^chinerj- or shafting in motion.
23. In applying "jelos to pulleys in motion or assisting therein,
III. Occu-:!aiions Involving Health Hazards.
24-. All work in spray paintivig.
25. In all processes where substfinces containing lead or any of its
compoujiids are .used in a Ixouid or powdered form, or o,t a temper-
ature sviffirient to valorize lead.
26. Lead soldering worh,-
27. V'orlc involvin; exno svre to beiizol or any benzol compound v/hich
is volabilc or wliich caja penetrate the skin.
28. All work involving exjosure to acid in connection v/ith sickling
of sheet -ilate.
29. ;,'ork involving eroosure to chromic acids, chromates. or bi-
chrorao.tes,
30. Uork involving excessive ejr:iosure to corrosive substances.
s:h:i?it ii?
.pei:?iii:g ii:i: :.^\:x5^Acru:.i-'c; ii'dustey
I. Occr.pa.tions involving s-oecific .lechanical hazards ma.chine work.
(Prohibition to apply to operrting or assisting in operating the
follov.'ing machines.)
1. Grind' ing or mixing machinery having r heavy rolling or crushing
action, except laboro,tor;.- equipment,
2. In orliiig, cleaning, or \7iping machiner:/- or shafting in motion,
5. In a;')plying belts to -iu.lleys in motion or assisting therein,
II. Occupptions involving health haza,rds
1. ffor): involving,, exposure to the follov/ing ingrdients except in
the labora.tor;,'-,
leo,d mercury
chroLiium arsenic
Phenol -DaaTJiitrajiilin
9791
-206-
III. Occupations involving' ^'enoral lirizards
1. Handling- of hi^ lil;- irflpntar.ole substances in 'bullc.
2. As drivers of trucks or ot.Ler uiotor veidcle or as helpers. on
such veniclfis, except eri-and aaid like delivery boys.
3. IHj cr ;";sistin;; in, the ope;.-c'.tion of {irs, oil, or stepjn engines
Uoi.d r.i ' ri: .(■ :. :ov^rs.
<!:. Piriu£- of ste^a,: or vrr ter boilers (er.ce-Tt boilers of not more than
15 poxmds pressure used sclel?/ for heating pur^'oses).
5. In the rperation, custody, cr r?"pair of elev:,tors, cranes,
derri-'^ks, or o^her hoisting a.T.irratus, except in the o-^eration
of (l^ dumbrrai ters as defined by the /vrnerican Standards Asso-
ciation, or (3) elevators equipped only for automatic operation,
SXMII.IT 1^0
ZJ^;i PEAllJT i.:iLLIhG IITDUSTHY
I. Occupations involving general hazards
1. 7iring of stea/i. or v^ater boilers (except boilers of not more
than 15 -'^ounds ^jressure used solely for heating 'purposes),
2. As drivers or assistartts ud drivers of motor vehicles or a.s
helpers or delivery bo^/s en motor vehicles,
3. In or assisting in ui:e operation of gas, oil, or steam engines
or other -'rime movers,,
4. In the care, custody, o-)er,.tion, or re-Dair of elevators, craaies,
derricks, or other noisting apparatus, except in the operation
of (a) dvumb'..'ai ters a/s defined by the /imerican Standards. Asso-
ciation, or (b) elevators ecuipped only for autona.tic
operaci jn.
II. Occupations involving s^iecific mecba^iical uazards — machine work.
(Prohibition to aroply to operating, assisting in opera.ting, or
talcing material from, the follo./ing machlMes.)
5. i.'achines for -orescing oil.
S, Grin'^ing machiues.
7. In oiling, cleaning or v:i-iing ma.chlnery or sha.fting in motion.
8, In applying belts to a -lulley in motion or assisting therein.
9791
-207-
Era FIT 121
RS^Y-l.iADE ?UEi^-ITUEE SLIP COVERS I'-'AiTOFACTURIivIO INDUSTRY
A
In tlie operation, cu-^tody, or repair of elevators, cranes,
dorricl-.s^ Ox' ■5'-,lier ho J s tin:; app?.ri,tus, except in the opera-
tioi-' of '1) cia-nwaite-s as rlefinel by the American Standards
AGpcc:..r t-i.cn, or (2) cle/ators equipped only for automatic
opctatno-'ic
ririn.-; ox stean or rater 'bcilers (except biolcrs of not
more thai 15 Ihs. pressure usca solely for heating purposes.)
As ci rivers of uiotor trucks or other vehicles.
In, or sTsistinf^ in. the operation of gas, oil, or stcani
engines u^ed as prime movers.
In oiling, cleaJiing, or repairing machinery or shafting in _
mo X ion,
6. In applying "belts to pulleys in motion or assisting therein.
Ex::iriT is2
3EiJ)Y-hi::i^D OOhCSETE Il^USTRY
1. Work of drivers and assistant drivers of motor drawn
vehicles-
2, Work on all mixing, screening, conveying, and material-
handling equipment in operation,
5. Occupation on any work at nil elevation of more than ten
(10) feet ahove grac'c.
4, Work in conuection «ilh the maintenaiicc of power equipment.
5, All stevedoring v/ork, and clean up on barges, cars, et
cetera; under clajn- shells or other similar loading equipment.
S, Svdtching and worh" on or about rrilroad equipment.
7. Occupations connected with the generation of electrical
energy and the outside erection, maintenance, or repair
cf electric ¥/ires.
8. THork in connection wi tn inside installation, maintenance
or removal of electric wires, and equipment at live volt-
age, or more tiia.n fifty (50) volts; work on dead lines to
be permitted only vhen means are provided (as by locking
switches open) to insure that lines remain electrically
dead.
9. Work in connection with the operation of electrical utiliza-
tion equipment or appliances at any voltage higher than 250
volts.
9791
-208-
BXFIIPIT 135
EEji ESTATE BHOKSSAaS liffiUSTRY
1. As drivers or assirvtants to drivers of motor vehicles
or as j-ielpers or d-;]i/ciy Tno^'s on motor vehicles.
2, In or fi.ss.ist.'r;^ in -he oper-,\,ion of gas, oil, or steafli
en.-pnep or o cher prime mo\'ers,
3. In the care^ curjtody, opeiation, or repair of elevators,
ci-gnes, d3rrii''''c,^p or other hoistin;"; apparatus, except
i n th 3 op 8 r a r. l o n o ±
(1) dtijal v:ait;-;-s as defined by the Ajnericnjri Stajidards
ArM-._iatioa or
(2) elev^>, tors enuipped only for automatic operation,
4, rirlngof st^-.p. or water "boilers (except hollers of not
more than 15 ILs. pressure used solely for heating pur-
poses).
DXEILIT 124
HLTAIL .iOhlT-SlIT Il-iDUSTHY
1. Shapin-^ of caroorundum wheels.
2. Operation of cai-ho:/imdiam wheels,
3. In the operation of lathes.
4. In all other stone cutting or polishing
5. In oiling, cleaning, or wiping machinery in motion,
S. In applying holts to a pulley in motion or assisting therein,
V. All work in connection \7ith tne use of power operated me-
chanical equipment for loari.lngj unloading, hajidling and
conveying,,
8, All wo.c-k involvin;: the lifting or hai^'Hing of weights in
excess of 80 ihs, "by Iaa.nd.i
9, If '•'aste material is utilized, in operating or assisting
to opera.te curshing mo.chines.
10. Sand blasting operations.
9791
-209-
i^Ci: AlID SLA-J '1)01 IviAlIUPACrURIHG limUSTRY
I, Occuor.tions Involvin.';; G-eneral TIar.prri-s:
1. Firing:, oner^.tin;; or -xtteudinr cupolas for 'olovdng
ro clc or si a.^^ v;o ol .
Drivers or assistants to drivers of motor vcldcles.
■Ci
A
Care, custody, operr'tion or reo.i.ir of elevators, cranes,
derrid-rs, or lioistinc e.pparatu.s, except in the operation
of (1) du.il-iv/aitors as defii.ed iDy the j^jnerican Stanc'i^irds
Associatioji, or of (2) elevators equipped only for au-
tomatic operation.
In or assisting-- in the operation of gas, oil, or stcan
engines or other prime movers.
Firing; of sterra or nater boilers (excejjt of not ipore
thaii 15 iQs, pressure used solely for heating purposes).
II. Occupations Involvin-i; G-eneral Fazcards in wiachine T/ork
(Prohiliition to apply to operating, _ assisting in
operation or taiving material from these machines.)
5, Machinery having a heavj^ crushing or rolling action,
(L'acliine -iTork operating or attending wool granulators.)
EXHIBIT 1^6
SOLLING STE3L DOOH !';Al.TfFACTUr;II.IG IlIBUSTEY
Occuprtions Involving General Hazards
1, Firing of ste.'CT or water toilers (except "boilers of
not more than 15 lbs, pressure, u.sed solely for heat-
ing purposes. )
2, As drivers or assistants to drivers of motor vehicles,
or as helpers or delivery to^/s on motor vehicles.
3. In or assisting in the operation of gas, oil, or steai'n
engines or other prime movers,
4. In the care, custody, operation, or repair of elevators,
cranes, dcrricl:s, or other hoisting apparatus, e?;cept
in the OTjera,tion of (l) dumbv/r.iters as defined by the
Americg,'"'. Stanfords Association, or (2) elevators equip-
ped only for automatic operation,
4a, Installation':
Tills covers all occrapations incident to the d.elivery and
installation of rollin'^ steel rioors.
9791
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II. Occui^rtions Involviri"^ Specific iieclianical Ka.r^ards — Lachine 'Tori:
(Proliioi bion to apply to oise rati !!:■■•;, a.ssistiii;'^: in operatin/j,
or tpjzin-- material froai the follow/in.';; machines.) • •.
5. In the cuttin" or -jeldini^ of metals "by gas or electricity,
6. In or in connection with hot ;*;alvanizin;^; or tinning processes.
7. Grincln;:, ahrr.sive, polishing, or huffin;-; wheels; providec
thn.t apprentices operating iinder conditions of "bona fide
apprenticeship may ^^^rinc their ov;n tools.
8. hetal-cutting ma.chines havin^^ a ;:j.illotinc action;
9,. hetal plate hendin.--; machines handling material of more
than 0.,?145 inch in thic>:ness.
10, Pov/er-driven raetal planin,-.j machines.
11, Circular sa?/s used in the cutting of metals.
12, ^iro stitching machinery.
13, iiachinery having a heavy rollin-^ or crashing action, such
as CO riu gating rolls.
14-., Machinery used in the colf rollin ; of heavy metal stocl:.
15, Boring mills.
16, Power shears of all kinds,
17, Punch presses or staiT:ipin ;." machines if the clearance between
the rai.i and die or the stripper exceeds one-fourth inch.
Exception: Apprentices: Emplojmient on any of the ahove-
nained machines may he Tjermitted in the case of minors he-
tween IS and 18 years of age under conditions of "bona fide
a,pprenti ce ship ,
IS. In oiling, cleaning, or wiping machinery in motion,
19. In applying belts to s. pulley in motion or assisting
therein.
Apprentices shall he defined as "those, who are i-eigula.rlj'-
indentured unc'er contract to the Industry, for a suffi-
cient period of time to be systematically advanced through
the various opere>,tions, shops, departaicnts, etc., of a
Trade, Occupation or Industry, and v/ho receive educational
training in an organized educational institution during a
portion of their working time."
III. Occupations involving health hazards
20. Lead soldering wori".
21. All work involving exposure to a.cid in connection with
pickling of sheet plate.
9791
n,
SAFETY 3aZ0-^ AiC? S.^J^STY TcAZO?. LLiOE hMlIFACTUPJiTa liffiUSTRY
I. OccuT^ationc involvin,:; specific rneclvuiical aazaro.s - machine work
(Proliibition to applj*- to operating, assistin/; in oneratmc-,
or taking material from tx^e xollor.'in:; machines) .
1. Grindin.", aT^rasive, polishin;;, or buffings wheels; provided
that apprentices operatin;- under conditions of hona fide
apprenticeship may ^icrind their own tools.
2. Metal-c-attinc machines having; a 5,aiillotine action.
Z. Circalar saws used in the cutting of metals.
4. uachinerr h-avin:?; a heavy rollin.s or crushinc action.
5. Power shears of all kinds,
6. Punch TDresses or strmping machines if the clearance between
the rani exid. the die or the stripper exceeds one-fourth inch.
7. Blade wrapping machines and cartoning machines.
Exce-Dtion>-AT3prentices! Employment on pjiy of the above-named
machineG may^e permitted in the case of minors between 16
and 18 years of age v/ho are bona fide apprentices.
8. In oiling, cleaning, or wiping mnchinery or shafting in raotio
9. In applying bolts to pulleys in motion or assisting therein,
II. Occupations involving general hazards . .
10. As drivers or assistants to drivers of motor vehicles or
helpers or delivery boys on motor vehicles.
11. In, or assisting in, the operation of gas, oil, or steajTi
engines - used as prime movers.
12. In^'the care, custody, operation, or repair of elevators,
cranes, derridcs, or other hoisting apparatus, except in ta'.e^
operation of (l) d^Jiabwaiters as defined by the American Stand-
ards Association, or {2) elevators equipped only fo.- automatic
operation.
13. Firing of stecjii or water boilers (except boilers of not more
than 15 lbs. pressure used solely for heating purposes).
EX;-:i5IT 138
SAilD-LIhE BHICnC IimUSTHY
1, Crpjie operator.
2. Loiler engineer or fireman,
3. Lime handler or hydrator.
4, Press:-'iaxi.
5, Cylinder man.
6, Platform man.
7. Loaders or uxxloaders of brick.
8. Puepainaen or mechanics.
9791
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9. Drivers of trnidrs or other notor vehicles or helpers
or oelivery boys on such vehicles.
10. Operation, castoctv, or re;oair of elev,'^.tors, crrnes,
derricks, or ot]j.er hoistin;; appra-atus except operation
of (1) c.-uunh'Taiters a? 'lefined by the jtnericnn Standards
Association, or (2) elevators ■ equijjped only for automatic
operation,
11, Oiling, clGsiiin;^, or wiping machinery or shafting in
motion. , . . ■
13. Aoplyin;;; helts to pulleys in motion or assistin;^ therein.
EXHIBIT 129
Sil-IITARY Mm V/AT311PB0OF SPECI/iLTIES LiAiRIFACTUHIlIG
ILT3TJSTHY '
I. Occupations Involvin,;; Gpccific Mechanical Hazards — i.Iachine v/ork.
(Prohihition to apply to operating, assistin,:.; in operating-,
or tricing material from txiese machines-.)
In esta.hlisiments in the industry mich manuf actiare the ma-
terials, the follo'.7in~ should be prohibited:
'1. Pov/er shears of all kinds.
2, ' Dioinp-out machines,
3. Rolling machines.
4. In oiling, cleaning, or i7ipin,g machinery or shafting in
motioi:,
5. In applying belts tc piolleys in motion or assisting therein.
II. Occupations Involving Health Hazards
7. All occupations involved in rabberising goods,
III. Occupations Involving General Hazards
8. As di-ivers or assistants to drivers of motor vehicles or
as helpers or delivery boys on motor vehicles.
9. In,' or assisting in, the operation of gas, oil, or steam
engines or other prime movers,
10. In the care, '"Ustody, operation or repair of elevators, craAiec
derricks, ot other hoisting apparatus, except in the opera-
tion of (l) domb- waiters as defined by the Anerican Standards
Association, or (2) elevators equipped only for automatic
operation.
11. Firing of steaw or water boilers (except boilers of not more
than 15 lbs, pressure used solely for heating purposes,)
9791
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5X::IEIT 150 "
SA1'IT..RY i.ILK 30TTLE CLOSUHE li-TJUSTRY
I. Occupations involviu;; ^veneral hazards
1. Firing of steaiii or water "boilers (except "ooilers of not ^ ■
more than 15 Ihs. pressure used solely for heatiii/;
pui3)0ses).'
2. As drivers or assistants to drivers of iHotor vehicles or
as helpers or delivery boys on.inotcr vehicles.
3. Inor assistinc^ in the operation of gas, oil, or stean ,
engines or other prime movers.
4. In tl-ie care, custo^.y, operation, or repair of elevators,
cranes, derricks, or other hoi stin,<^ apparatus, except in
the operation of (1) dumowaiters, as defined hy the. jtoerican
Standards Association, or (2) elevators equipped only for
automa,tic operation,
II. Occupations involving": specific meclianical hazards — machine Trork _
(Prohihition to apply to opcratin;?:, assisting in operating,
or taking material from the follo-./ing machines) .
1. Machinery of stamping or punch-press t^n^e used in the manu-
facture of paper or paper goods, if the clearance "between
the raa and the die or the stripper exceeds one-fourth inch.
2. Greasers, slitters, or corrugating, crimping, emhossing,
platin--:, printing, or graining rolls used in the manufacture
of paper and paper products v/hich are not guarded at the point
of operation.
3. Power shears of all kinds.
Exception; Apprentices: EmplbjTaent on ,any of the ahove-
machines may. "be permitted in the case of minors between
16 and 18 years of age Uiider conditions of bona fide ap-
prenticeship.
4. In oiling, cleaning, or wiping machinery or shafting in
motion.
5. In applying belts to nullcys in motion or assisting therein.
6. Power-drive printing presses.
Apprentices sh.all be defined as "those who are reg-ularly
indentured under contract to the Industrjs for a sufficient
period of time to be systematically advanced through the
varp-ous operations, shops, departmdnt ,. etc. of a Trade, Oc-
cupation or Industry, and who receive educational training ■
in an organized educational institution during a_ portion of
their working time".
9791
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EXHI3IT 151
SMITARY NAPKIH AFP CLEAIISING TISSUE IKDUSTHY
1. Bleach house Enmloyees
2. Paper Cutters
Mexhine Work . ■
3. Power shears of all kinds
4. In oiling, cleanins^ or wipinsi machinery or shafting in
motion .
5. In applying belts to pulleys in motion or assisting therein
General Plant Hazards
6. As drivers or assistants to drivers of motor vehicles or as
helpers or delivery boys on motor vehicles
7. In, or assisting in, the operation of t^as, oil, or steam
engines or other prime movers
8. Firing of stea;-a or water boilers (except boilers of not more
than 15 pounds pressure used solely for heating purposes).
9. In the car.e, custody, operation or repair of elevators,
cranes, derricks, or other hoisting ap'iaratus, except in
the operation of (l) dumbwaiters, as defined by the
American Standards Association or of (P.) elevators equipped
; only for automatic operation.
„ . . EXHIBIT. 133
SCHAP IROll AI"D STEEL TRADE II-^DUSTHY
I . LIeclaanica.1 Hi sks : .
In or assisting in o-neration of;
1. Shears
2. Drops
3. Torches
4. Crushers
5. Hydraulic bundling
6. Winding machines, . ,
7. Breaking rails
8. Loading scrap
II, General outside and maintenance risks.
9. Operating or work on steam or electric railways of a::y kinds.
10. In the custody, operation, or repair of elevators, cranes,
derricks or other hoisting apparatus, except in the operation
of (l) dumbwaiters as defined by the. American Standards
Association, or (2) elevators equipped only for a,utomatic
operation..
11. In oiling, clccining, or wiping ma,chinery or sliafting in motion.
12. In applying belts to pulleys in motion or assisting therein.
13. As drivers of trucks or other motor vehicles or as helpers or
delivery boys on same,.
9791
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14. Firing of ste^ur. or water ooil^rs (except boilers of not
more than 15 pounds pressure used solely for heating
purposes).
15. In or assisting in the operation of gas, oil, or steam
engines used as prirae movers.
16. Lifting of heavy weights — (80 pound maximum) •
EXHIBI? 13S
SCHAP RL1B3ER TRADE
1. Drivers or assistants to drivers of motor vehicles or
helpers on motor vehicles.
If hoisting a.iTnaratus is used in the industry.
2. Operation or repair of elevators, cranes, derricks, or
other hoisting apparatus except the operation of
dumbwaiters as defined "by the American Standards
Association, or elevators equipped only for automatic
operation.
3. Operations such as (a) heading and (h) s-^litting wh..ch carry
with them the ordinpry hazard connected with high spned
machinery 'vhich --^erfcrms p cutting opoeration.
EXHIBIT 154
^ SEJOITDARY ALUUIl'mi IlIDUSTEY
1. All v/oric in foundry -proper.
2. All cleaninti.or grindinii o:oerations.
3. ' All wor'-. involving exposure to molten aluminum.
4. All em-oloyment on metal scrap.
5. Eianloyment ?s drivers or assistants to drivers on motor
vehicler, or. as help.ers or delivery boys on motor
vthicl~3.
6. In, or -.ssisti-.i^, in, the o/jeration of gas, oil, or
steam engines or other nrime movers.
7. In the care, custod;^ oneration, or repair of elevators,
crazies, derricks, or other hoisting apparatus.
8. In oiling, clerning, or vd^in.. imchinery or shaftin^,
in motion.
9. In a-))lying belts to pulleys in motion or assistin,, therein.
EXHIBIT 155
METALS Il'IO B.^.ASS AlTD 310H2E .\LLOYS III IITGOT^J^ORM—
1. All erai^loyment in or about metal scrap yards.
2. In or about smelters or other -ilaces in which the heating
and melting of metals is carried on.
9791
3. As drivers or assistants to drivei-s of motor vehicles or as
helpers on motor vehicles.
4. In, or assistin£i: in, the operation of (,b.s, oil, or steam
engines or other prinie movers.
5. In the care, custody, operation, or repair of elevators,
cranes, derricks, or other hoisting apparatus, except
in the operation of (l) dumbwaiters as defined by the
American Standards Association, or (3) elevators equipped
only for automatic o'-^eration.
6. In oilin^', cleanint,', or ^A-iping machinery or shafting in
motion.
7. In appljang belts to pulleys in motion or assisting therein.
EXHIBIT 156
SMOKIIIG PIPS I'/AITUPAC^URirG IHDUSTEY
I. Occupations Iiivolving General Hazards
1. Firing of steam or water boilers (except boilers of
not more than 15 lbs. pressure used solely for
heating purposes).
2. As drivers or assistants to drivers of motor vehicles
or as helpers or delivery boys on motor vehicles.
3. In or assisting in the operation of gas, oil, or steam
engines or other prime movers.
4. In the care, custody, operation or repair of elevators,
cranes, derricks or other hoisting ap;oaratus, except
in the operation of (l) dujabwaiters as defined iy the
American Standards Association, or of (2) elevators
equipped only for automatic oyoeration.
II. Occupations Involving Specific Mechanical Hazards — iiachine Work.
(Prohibition to apply to operating, assisting in operating,
or talring ms.terial from the followins machines.)
5. All occupations in connection with power-driven woodworking
machinery,
6. Pug mills.
Exception! Erriployment on any of the above machines may be
permitted in the case of minors between 16 and 18 years of
age under conditions of bona fide apirenticcship.
7. In oiling, cleaninr;, or wiping machinery in motion.
8. In applying belts to a pulley in motion or assisting therein.
Apprentices shall be defined as "those who are regularly in-
dentured under contract to the Industry, for a sufficient
period of time to be systematically adva2:LCed tlirough the
various operations, shops, departments, etc., of a Trade,
Occupation or Industry, and v;ho receive educational training
in an organized educational institution during a portion of
their worl:ing time."
9791
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EXHIBI? 157
SOFT FI3HE iviAlT(JFACL:TX.UN(; lUDUSTRY
1. As drivors of trvicha or other motor vehicles or as_
helpers or dcliveiv boys on such vehicles.
2. In the operp.tion, custody, or repair of elevators,
cranes, derricks, or othnr hoisting; apparatus,
except in .the operation of (l) dumb'waiters as
defined by the American Stanaards Association, or
(2) elevators equipped onlj'' for automa.tic operatio:^.
3. In, , or assisting in, the operation of '"as, oil, or
steam engines used rs prir.e movers.
4. Firing, of steam or v.'cter boilers (ejccept boilers of
not more than 15 lbs. pressure used solely for
heatin„- pur^^oscs.)
5. In oiliUiZ, cleaning, or vupint^:' hazardous machinery or
shafting in motion..
6. In ap--:lying.-.belts ■ to pulleys in .notion or- assisting .
therein. . '
7. Dyeing. ond drying processes.
8. Patching and opening and softening.
EXHIBIT 138
SPICE GKIiroiNG IKDUSTRY
I. Occupations' involving general hazards
1. In the operation, custody, or repair of elevators, cranes,
derricks or other hoistin^ apparatus, except in" the
operation of (l). diunbwaiters as defined by the American
Standards Associa.tion, or (3) elevators equipped only for
automatic operation.
2. Firing of stean or water bailers (except boilers of not more
th^n 15 lbs* pressui'e used solely for heating .purposes. )
3. As di'ivei's of mo'tor trucks or other vehicles or as helpers or
delivery boys on such vehicles.
4. In, or assisti:.^ in, the o-ieration of gas, oil, or steam
engines used £<.s prime movers.
II. General machine liazards
5. In oiling, cleaning, or repairing machinery or sliafting in
motion. .
6. In a.'oplying bolts to pulleys in motion or assisting therein.
9791
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E'CEIBIT 139
STEAii Hi:ATIIia EQUIPLIENT i,iAIX'J'ACTURIl'G IIIDUSTHY
I. Occupations involving e'e^eral hazards
1. As drivers or assistants to drivers of motor vehicles or as
helpers or delivery Doys on motor vehicles.
2. In, or assisting in, the operation of gas, oil or steam
engines or other nrime movers.
3. In the care, custody, oioeration or repair of elevators,
cranes, derricks, or other hoisting apparatus, except in
the operation of (l) duiribwaiters as defined by the American
Standards Association, or (2) of elevators equipped only
for automatic operation.
4. Firing of steam or water ooilers (except boilers of not more
than 15 j^ounds pressure used solely for heating purposes.)
5. In foundries (ferrous and nonferrous), all work in the foundry
proper.
6. All cleaning or grinding operations in foundries.
7. All work in foundries involving ; exposure to .molten' lead or any
molten lead alloy or to dust of lead or of any lead alloy.
8. In malleable foundries, operations involving handling of heated
castings, etc., in connection with annealing work.
9. In the cutting or welding of metals by gas or electricity.
10. In, or in connection with, hot galvanizing or tinning processes.
II. Occupations involving specific mechanical hazards — machine work
(prohibition to apply to operating, assisting in operating, or
taking material from the followin^: machines)
11. Grinding, abrasive, polishing, or buffing wheels, provided
tliat apprentices operating under conditions of bona fide
apprenticeship may grind their own tools.
12. Metal cutting machines having a guillotine action.
13. Machinery used in the cold rolling of heavy metal stock.
14. Metal plate bending machines liandling material of more than
0.2145 inch in thickness.
15. Power-driven metal planing machines.
16. Circular saws used in the cutting of metals.
17. Boring mills.
18. Power shears of all kinds. .
19. Punch presses or stamping machines if the clearance between
the ram and. the die or the stripper exceeds one-fourth inch.
Exception; Apprentices: Employment on aiiy of the above-nai"ncd
machines may be permitted in the case of minors between 16
and 18 years of ai^e who are bona fide cvoir entices.
20. In oiling, cleaning or wi-':)ing machinery in motion.
21. In applying belts to xrulleys in motion or assisting therein.
III. Occupations involving health hazards
22. All wor''- in spray painting.
9791
-319-
23. Work involving emosiire to bensol or any benzol compound
which ic volatile or V'/hich Qfjin penetrate the skin.
24. Work involving-, exiosure to chromic acids, chj'oraates, or
- "bichrotnutes.
25. Work involving excessive cxnosure to corroaive substances.
Apprentices shall be defined as "those v/ho are regalarly in-
dentured under contract to the industry for a sufficient
period of tinif? to be systematically advs.nced through the
various operations, shops, departments, etc., of a trac.Q,
occupation or industry, and v;ho receive educational training
in an ori^anized educationr.l institution during a portion of
their v/orhin.^, tirae."
EXHIBIT 140
SUaC:IC/JL DRESS irGS Il-IDUSTRY
List of Hazardous Occupetions.
A. Adhesive Plaster Department
1. Calendar Machines.
2. Adhesive Mass Mixer.
3. Rubber Grinders.
4. Rubber Cutters.
B. Sundries Department,
1. Punch Presses.
C. Maintenance De-oartments - jobs involving work on the
following machines:
1, Edging Planer.
2, Band Saw,
3, Circular Sav/.
D. General,
1. Box-forming equipment, stamping pressers and
creasers.
2. Beater and single cylinder machine in
paper dc;partracnt.
3. Any work on guillotine- t^rpe cutters.
Occupations Detrimental to Health
1. Mustard Plaster Spreading - Gasoline fumes.
2. Isinglass Court Plaster Spreading - Gasoline fumes,
3. Rolling Plaster of Paris Bandages - fumes and dust.
4. Mixing of Ingredients and filling - Dust from
Chemical ingredients.
9791
List of Occupations Involving General Hazards.
1. In oiling, cleaning, or wiping raficMnery or shafting in
motion.
2. In applying belts to pulleys in motion or assisting ■■
therein.
3. As drivers or assistants to drivers of motor vehicles
. or as helpers or delivery "boys on motor vehicles.
4. In or assisting in the operation of gas, oil, or
steam engines or other prime movers.
5. In the care, op.eration, or repair of elevators, cranes,
derricks, or other hoisting apparatus, except in the
operation of (l) dumbwaiters as defined by the
American Standards Association, or (2) elevators
equipped only for automatic operation.
6. Firin^, of steam or water boilers (except boilers of
not more than 15 lbs. pressure used solely for
heating purposes.)
M
9791
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::rriiBiT mi
TAG INDUSTRY
I Occu'Dations Invol"in£^ G-eneral Hazards.
(a) Firin ; o-f stesm or water boilers (excent boilers of not
more than 15 lbs. T5ressure used so] el;' for heating pur-
noses) .
(b) As drivers or ap.sistants to drivers of Tiotor vehicles
or as helpers or delivery boys on motor vehicles.
(c) In or assisting in the operation of grs, oil, or steam
engines or other prime movers.
(d) In the care, custody, operation, or repair of elevators,
cranes, derricks, or other hoisting- apparatus, except in
the operation of dumb^Taiters, as defined by the
American Standards dissociation, or o "^ elevators enuipped
only for automatic operation.
II. Occupations Involvincj Specific liechanical Hazards - Ilachine
Work. (Prohibition to appl}'' to operatin.-^, assisting in
operating, or taking naterinl from the following machines.
(e) Kachinery of stajnping or punch-prsss tyoe used in the
manufacture of paper or paper goods, if the clearance
between the ram and the die or the stripper exceeds one-
fourth inch.
(f) Paper-cutting macnines having a giaillotine action.
(g) Paper punches or line perforators.
(h) Greasers, slitters, or corinigating, crim-nin;-^. embossing.
Plating, printing, or graining rools used in the manu-
facture of paper anjd paper products which are not guarded
at the Point of operation.
(i) Power shears of all kinds.
Exception: Apprentices- Employment on any of the above machines may be
permitted in the case of minors between 16 and 18 years of age under
conditions of bona fide apprenticeship.
(j) In oiling, cleaning, or ^viping machinery or shafting in
motion,
(k) In applying belts to pulleys in mo+:ion or assisting therein,
Where Printing is done.
(l) Power-dri-^en printing presses.
(m) i£onotype or linot:/pe machines.
(n) Embossing machinery used in the pointing industry.
(o) Blowing out t^roe cases, in printing shops.
(p) Cleaning linotype pl-'Jingerr, in printing shops.
(o) Dry sweeping and cleaning, in printing shops.
(r) In melting operations in printing shops.
Apprentices shall be defined as "those who are rarularly indentured
under contract to the Industry, for a sufficient period of tine to be
systematically advanced througn the various operations, shops,
9791
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departments, etc., of a trade, occuTDation or industry, and who receive
educational training in an or^'-anized educational institution during a
portion of their working time."
Ei'OIIBIT 142
TAin: CMl SEPVICE IIOUSTRY
1. Sandhlast ing tank cars.
2. Cleaning- tp.nk cars.
3. Doin,?; oi;her "epair work on the
interior of trmk carsc
EXHIBIT 143
TAPIOCA I^RY PRODUCTS INIiUSTRY
I. Occupations Involving S'oecific Mechanical Hazards — Machine work,
(Prohibition to ap-oly to o-oerating, assisting in operation,
or ta!:ing material from the following machines.)
1. HachJ.nea having a rolling or crushing action.
2" I'J' USED: Machines of the general type of dough brakes
or m:.::ing machir-^s.
S. In oilingt cleaning, or wiping machinery or shafting
in njtion,,
4. In aoTjlying belts to pulleys in motion or assisting
therein,
II. Occupations Involvin'-i' General Hazards
5. As drivers or assistants to drivers of motor vehicles
or as helijers or delivery boys on motor vehicles.
6. In, or assisting in, the operation of gas, oil, or steam
enginss or other iDrime i.iovers,
7. In the care, custody, operation or retjair of elevators.
Cranes, derricks, or other hoisting apnaratus except
in the o-oeration of (1) dumbwaiters as defined by
the American Standards Association, or (2) elevators
eauipned only for automatic operation.
8. Eiring of. steam or "'ater boilers (except boilers of not
more than 15 lbs. oressure used solely for heating
pvi-^'ooses).
EXHIBIT 144
TEXTILE IIACHIlfERY MAIIUFACTTJIjIIMG INDUSTRY
Hazardous occuoations in the Industry from v/hich minors under 18
are to be excluded and which are not specifically covered in the
Code, are:
1. Firing of steam or water boilers (excerit boilers of not
9791
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raore than 15 lbs. 'pressure used solely for heating
TDunooses. ) .
2. As drivers or assistants to drivers of motor vehicles
or as helners or delivery boys on notor vehicles.
3. In, or assisting in, the OT>eration of gas, oil, or steam
enc:;ines or other X5rime movers.
4. In the care, custody, operation, or repair of elevators,
cranes, derricks, or other hoistinf; apparatus, except in
the operation. of (l) dumbwaiters as defined by the
Araerican Standards Association, or (2) elevators equipped
only for autonatic operation..
5. In foundries (ferrous or non-ferrous), all '?ork in the
foixidry proper.
6. All cleaning or grinding operations in foundries.
7. All '-ork in foundries involving exposure to molten lead
or any nolten lead alloy or to dust of lead or of any lead
alloy.
8. In malleable foiondries, operations involving handling of
heated castings, etc., in connection '.7ith annealing work.
9. In oilin.;, cleaning, or wiping machinery or -shafting in
motion.
10. In applr/ing belts to pulley.s in motion or assisting therein.
"..Tiere paintin/j; is carried on , ■
11. All i-^ork in spray painting.
12. In all processes where substances containing lead or any
of its compounds a,re used in a liauid or powered form, or
at a temperature s-ufficient to vaporize lea^d.
13. 'iork involving exposure to benzol or any benzol compoiond
which is volatile or 'vhich. can penetrate the skin,
E:ffli:^IT 145
TEXTILE P^IIJT HOLLER ENG-RAVirO INDUSTRY , ■
On the follo-7ing machines, if used by-, a member of the industry:
1. Grinding, abrasive, polishing, or buffing wheels;
provided that apprentices operating under conditions of
a Dona fide apprenticeship may g"ind their own tools*
2. Porer-driven metal planing machines.
Exception; Apprentices; Employment on any of the above-named machines
may be permitted in the case of minors between 16 and 18 years of
age who are bona fide apprentices.
3. In oiling, cleaning or "dping maciiinery or shafting in
motion.
4. In appl^ring belts to pulleys in notion .or assisting
therein.
In occupations involving exposure to-
5. I.!uriatic acid.
9791
-224-
6. Nitric acid.
7. Sulohuric acid ' •
Other substances having similar iirjurious proiDerties.
In the folloTTing general plant and outside maintenance occupations:
8. As drivers or assistants to drivers of motor vehicles or
as helpers or delivery "boys on motor vehicles.
9. • In, or assisting in, the operation of gas, oil, or steam
engines or othsr prime movers,
10. In the O'O'-^ration o'^ repair of elevators except in the
operation of (l) diamb'7aiters as defined by the American
Standards Association, or (2) of elevators eajaipT3ed only
for automatic operation.
11. Firin.^ of steam or ^-'ater boilers (except boilers of not
more than 15 pounds laressu-e used solely for heating
puriDOses) .
Ap"Drentices shall be defined as "those '^ho are reOT-larly indentured
under contra.ct to the industry, for a; sufficient period of time to be
systematically advanced throu^^h the various operations, shops, depart-
ments, etc., of a trade, occuTOP.tion or industry, and '-vho receive
educational training in an organized educational institution during a
portion of their vrorking time."
3KHI3IT 146
TOY AMD PLAYTHI^I&S IICDUSTRY
1. \JovV: TDcrforned in oiling, cleaning, or wiping machinery
in motion.
2. Work performed in proximity to -any unguarded belt or
gearing.
3. In the care, cu='>tody, oTjeration, or repair of eleva.tors,
cranes, derricks or other hoisting apparatus, except in
the OTDeration of ( l) durab^rraiters, as defined by the
American Standards Association or (2) elevators equipped
only for automatic operation.
4. In the cutting or '-elding of metals by gas or electricity.
5. Grinding, abrasive, polishing, or buffing wheels; •provided
that apprentices operating under conditions of bona fide
apTorenticeship ma.'''' grind their own tools*
6. Metal-cutting machines having a guillotine action. ■
7. Pover shears of all kinds.
8. Ruich riresses or staraping machines if the clearance
beti^een the "am and the die or the stripper exceeds one-
fourth inch.
9. All work in spray painting.
10. Band raid circular saws,
11. Chromium plating.
12. Pulverizers a.nd crushers.
13. Printing presses.
14. Lead soldering v/ork,
15. Power presses.
9791
16. Work performed in or assistinf^ in the operation of gas,
oil, or steam emanes or other prime movers.
17. In the operation of po"7er-driven woodworking machinery.
18. Pnper-cntting Machines havin;; guillotine action.
19. Paper p-juiches or line perforators.
20. Qreasers: slitters, or corru^-ating, crimping, embossing,
plating, printing, or grainin,3 rolls -ased in the manu-
facture of paper and paper products \7hich are not guarded
at the point of operation.
21. Corner- stay in;.;, corner-cutting, or ending machines used
in the ppper box ind\\stry if the opening to meet the
plunger exceeds one-fourth inch.
Exception; Such corner-stavino; machines eq^uipoed vrith an' automatic
device that ivill instantly stop the do^iryard motion of the plunger
should the finger of the operator co^e bet':veen the Plxinger and the
anvil.
22. Embossing machinery used in the printing industry,
25, Blcuing out type cases in printing shops.
24, Cleaning linotype plungers in printing shops.
25, Dry sweeping and cleaning in printing shops,
26, In melting operations in printing shops,
27, All processes in the manufacture of ruboer or rubber goods,
except in finishing, sorting, inspecting or packing,
28, All VTork in the foundry proper.
29, All clcr-Tiing or grinding operations in foundries.
30, All -vork in foundries involving exposure to molten lead
or any molten lead alloy, o^" to dust of lead or of any
lead alley,
31, In malleable foundries, operations involvirig handling of
heated castings, etc., in connection with annealing T;ork.
.32. Po".'er-driven metal planing machines.
35. Metal plate bending machines handling material of more
than 0.2145 inch in thickness.
34. In or in connection vith galvanizing or tinnihg processes.
35. Wire stitching machinery.
.36. Molding, splitting, rolling, perforating, stamping, dieing-
outv embossing, burnishing, clicking, s]iiving, stripping
or buffing machines used in the leather industry.
57. In occ\ix.r tions involving exposure to pyroxylin Tslastic or
conposi-. :'.on dusts.
'S8. In operations involving' the heating of celluloid.
59. In processes whe-^e quartz or any other form of silicon
dioxide or an asbestos silicate is loresent in povrered form.
40, irork involving ercposure to benzol or any benzol compound which ij
volatile or T"hich can penetrate the skin.
EXHIBIT 147
THAILTH lIAiro^ACTimiHG IimUSTRY
I, Occupations involving specific mechanical hazards-machine
work (prohibition to ap^oly to operating, assisting in operating, or
9791
taking material from t,he follo^Ting machines)
1. Grinding-, abrasive, iDOlisliinw; or buffing wheels, provided
that ar)ijrentices pperating .under conditions of bo-.^a fide
apprenticeship may grind their own tools.
2. Metal-cutting machines having a guillotine action.
3. Machinery used in the cold rolling of heavy metal stock.
4. l.ietal "olate oending machines handling material of mo^^e
than 0,2145 inch in thickness*
5. Povrer-driven metal planing machines.'
6. Circular saws used in the cutting of metals.
7. Power shears of all kinds.
8. Punch presses or starping machines if the clearance
between the ram and the die or the stripper exceeds one-
fourth inch,
9. Operation of power-driven woodworking machinery or as off-
bearer.
Exception: Apprentices: Enployment on any of the above-named machirfes
may be permitted in .the case of minoT-s bet'^een 16 and IS years of age
who are bona fide apprentices,
, 11. In oiling, cleaning or wiping machinery or shafting in
motion,
12. In appl'^ing belts to pulleys in 'lotion or assisting therein.
II. Occupations involving health hazards
13. All work in spray painting,
14. "ifork involving e.-oDOSure to chromic ;icids, chromates, or
bichrorantes.
15. "I'ork involving;, excessive exposure to corrosive substances.
III. Occupations involving general hazards
16. As drivers or assistants to drivers of motor vehicles or ^
as helpers or delivery boys on motor vehicles. V
17. In, or assisting in, the operation of gas, oil, or steam
engines or otiier prime movers.
18. In the care, ctistody, operpition or repair of elev-.tors,
cranes, derricks, or otaer hoisting a.ppara.tus, except
in the operation of (l) dumbwaiters as defined by the
American Standards Association, or (2) of elevators
equipped only for automatic operation,
- 19. Firing of steam or watar ooilers (except boilers of not
more thar^ 15 pounds pressure used solely for heating
purposes).
20, In the cutting or welding of metals by g-^s or electricity.
E:ffiI3IT 148
TRUCKING IiroUSTRY
1. As drivers on vehicles,
9791
2. In aaiy cmncity, driver, helrier or other'7ise, oi
vehicles tiTn^po/tinf; clvnainite, nitrOi-jlycerin or other
highly denser o\i-s e^olosives usually refused tra'^sportation
under e.-^istin-'': iTiotor fre.i'-:cht tariffs. Transnortation of
g.?.solino and its products, sniall-arins airniun it ion, , small-
arms priasr-'s, fi "ewoi-lcr. , fuses, cartridge shells empty
but primed, grenades e'anty "bat ori^aed, are not inpluded
in tne above.
3. In an-r cfoacit^', driver, holoer or oth'^rwir.e, on vehicles
tranr-TDO-^ting inhoi'ently danperons acids such as nitric,
sulphuric, hydrofluoric or others similarly dangerous in
nature,
4. Lopdins; of trucks directly from clay, gravel, sand or
rock hanl-'s. , ,,
5. In occu-oation.s . re.Guij^ing the lifting of weights in excess
of 150 TDOunds.
6. 1/liere elevators or hois ting machinery a,re used, the
following are -orohibited: The care, custody, otdo ration or
reriair of elevators, cranes, derricks, or other hoisting
aTDT.aratuG , excerit in the o"oe ration of (l) dumuwaiters as
defined uy the American Slrjidards Association, or (2)
elevators eauiTO'oed only for autorartic operation..
EXHi:;IT 149
THOUT F.Aiy'IlIG ICTUSTHY 111 THE EASTEPJT SECT-IOM"
1. As drivers or assistants to drivers of motor vehicles
whether on or off the -Dublic highwayv including. tractors
used^on the trout farm.
.2. In, or assisting in, the operation of gas, oil or steam
engines or, other prirae movers, including compressors in
refrigerating "olant and food grinding machines.,
3. In, or assisting in, the ^Deration of oiling, cleaning, or
wiring raacainsry in motion^
4. In. or a?,sistir;r; in, tae operation of power griading
machines for the 'oreTjaration of trout food, or any other
puiTose,
5. The operation of any no'ver-driven woodworking machinery.
6. The operation of any nower-driven concrete mixer.
7. ',;o-king in or a,roiurid derricks, hoists or other well-driving
opcratio:is.
8. Vorking in or r.ro"and steam shovels.
9« Talcing a:i3'' -oart in any" oner'-tion involving the use of
dynajnite or oti'ier exolosives used in the clearing of land
or otherwise.
S:Qr3IT 150
m^IT HEATSE AITD/OR UITIT '/ElrTILATOR LAI^TUFACTIIRIITG IITOUSTRY
I. Occu'oations involving general hazards
1. firing of steam or water boilers (exce-ot boilers of not
9791
nore than 15 -poimdri pressure used solely for hef.ting
■QUTjOSes). ' '
2. As drive's or =^.ssistants to drivers of motor vehicles or
n,s helriers or delivery \)0j5 on iiotor vehicles,
3, In, or assistin;'; in, the ooer.'^tion of ^'■■''.s, oil, or steam
engines or otner r)"'ime movers.
4. In the ca-e, ctistody,' 6'oerption o- rer)rir of elevators,
cranes, derricks, or other hoistin.'" apparr.tus, exceiDt
in the o'oerating of (l) dumD'7aiters as defined 'oy the
American Standard.s As'sociation, or (2) of elevators
eaui-D'oed onl;/ for autoTiptic oiDerrtion.
In c.'^se of foundry :7ork in the industry —
5, All ^ork in the foundry oro-oer,
6, All cleaninj^ or .-jrinding O'D'Brations in foundries.
7. 7-^11 • ork in foundries involving exoosure to molten lead
or rny mo"!.ten lead a,lloy or to dust of lead or of any lead
alloy. ■
8, In malle.'iule "oundries, 01:36 r.-^t ions involving handling of
heated castings, etc» , in connection vith annealing '^'ork,
9. • In the cuttin,, or -'elding of metals by gas or electricity.
10. In, or in con.iection 'vith, hot ga-lvanizin ■ or tinning
orocesses.
II. OccuiDPtions involvini;: si^ecific mechanical hazards — machine
'7ork (orohiuifrion to ao'oly to operating, assisting in operating, or
taking material from the follo^ving machines)
11. Grinding, abrasive, oolishing or "buffing ^^heels, provided
that apprentices operating under conditions of bona fide
apprenticeship may grind their o^-oi tools.
12. iietal-cutting machines having a guillotine action.
13. lietal pl'^te Dending Kiachines handling material of nore
than 0.2145 inch in thickness.
' • 14. Po'7er-dri'=en metal planing machines.
15. Circular sa'''s used in the cutting of metals.
16. '.'ire stitching raachinerv,
17. liachinery having a heavy rolling or crushing action.
1^-.. I'lachinery used in the cold rolling of heavy metal stock,
19. 3oring mills.
20. Po--er shears of all kinds.
21. Punch Presses or stamping raacnines if the clearance
'bet\7een the rr-n rnd tne die or the stripper exceeds one-
fourth inch thic):ness.
Exception — Apprentices: E^roloyment on any of the above-named machines
may be permitted in the case of minors betv/een 16 -md 18 -^ears of age
^ho are bona fide app-^entices.
22. In oiling, cleaning or vipin;.; naciiinerjr in motion.
23. In p.pplying belts to a pulley in notion or assisting there-
in.
9791
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III. Occuijationa involving; health hpznrds
24. All ^-.'ork in^'ol'-irit:^ ei-roosure to ncid in connection nith
"oicklin-; of sheet pla-teo
25. All ■•or^: in srir.?:/ -Dainting.-
26. In all orocesses nhere siilDstances containing lead or any
cf its com-DOunds p.re used in a liquid or -Dowered form or
at a terTOeratu:^e sufficient to vapo,rize lead.
27. In processes Trhere ouairtz or. any other form of silicon
dioxide or an asbestos silicate is oresent in povered
f crm.
28. Work involving exposure to benzol or, any oenzol compound
■7hich is volatile or r;hich can penetrate the skin.
29. In the use of dangerotis dye stuffs.
30. Le.d soldering work.
Apprentices shall be defined as "those rrho are regularly indentured
ujider contrn.ct to the industry, for a sufficient period of time to be
systematically advances through the. various operations, shop^, depart-
ments, etc. , of p. trade, occination or industry, and v-ho receive
educational training in an organized educational institution during a
portion of their '-working tiraeu"
31. \j'ork involving e:cposure to chromic acids, chromates, or
bichromates.
32. Work involving excessive exposure to corrosive substances.
9791
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EXHIBIT 151
UPHOLSTERY SPRIilG MD ACGESSOniES l/iAi'IUI'ACTURl?'a I'^IDUSTRY
I. Occupations involving specific meclianical hazards — machine work
, (Prohibition to apply to onerating or assisting in oper-
ating the following ma.chines).
1. Grinding, abrasive, polishing or biiffing wheels, provided
that ap-nrentices operating under conditions of bona fide
apprenticeship may grind their own tools.
2. Metal-cutting machines having a guillotine action.
3. Power shears of all kinds.
4. Punch presses or stamping machines if the clearance
between the ram and the die or the stripper exceeds
one-fourth inch.
5. Power-driven vjoodworking machinery (where used).
Exception; Apprentices: EmToloyraent on any of the
above-named machines may be permitted in the case of
minors between 16 and 18 years of age who are bona
fide apr)rentices.
6. In oiling, cleaning, or 'wiping machinery in motion or
shafting in motion.
7. In a-nr)lying belts to -ouller/s in motion or assisting therein.
II. OccumationR involving health liazards
8. All work in s-orny painting.
III. Occupations involving general ha.7;ards (including plant and
outside maintenance).
9. As drivers of trucks or other motor vehicles or as
helpers or delivery boys on such vehicles.
10. In, or assisting in, the operation of gas, oil, or steam
engines used as prime movers.
11. In the operation, custody, or repair of elevators, cranes,
derricks, or other hoisting ap-naratus, except in the
operation of (l) ^dumbwaiters as defined by the American
Standards Association, or (3) elevators equi-o?-)ed for
automatic o-oeration.
12. Firing of steam or water boilers (exce-ot boilers of not
more than 15 lbs. pressure used solely for heating
purposes) .
13. In the welding of metals by gas or electricity.
9791
EXHIBIT 15?
USED TEXTILE 3AG IICDUSTRY
1. OTDoratin."^ vacamn cleaning mr.chines.
2. 0-pcratin'^ -Drnn-ylng •Dresses.
3. C>perati,"j electric c" hand Ijaling -oresses.
4. O-oeratirg mechanical cutting: Icnivss.
5. Operating of tag tumolcrs.
6. Operations involving excessive ex-nosure to dust.
(Work on the aoove s-oecified ma.chines may not include all
the occuDations ^vhich should be -orohiliited becavise of the
excessive exnosure to dust).
7. In oiling:, clciming or -s-'i-oing machinery or shafting in notion..
8. In a-oplyirig belus to rulleys in motion or assisting therein.
9. As drivers or assistants to drivers of motor vehicles, or as
helT)ers or delivery boys on motor vehicles.
10. In, or assisting in, the or)eration of gas, oil or steam engines
or other r)ririe movers.
11. In the care, custody, orjeration cr rerair of elevators, cranes,
derricks, or ether l:Gist,.ng a.^njaratxis, except in the otjeration
(l) cf dumbii^ai ters as defined b^^ t:ie American Standards
Association, cr (2) of elevators equi':'r)ed only for automatic
otieration. ■ ,
12. Firing of steam or water boilers (except boilers of not more
than 15 -oounds -oressure used solely for heating t)urposes).
EXH3IT 153
USED TEXTILE l.UiCl'lFE.V.X AO ACCESSORIES DIST^.IBUTINO TRADE
Occupations Involving General Hazards
1. As drivers of trucks or other motor vehicles or as helpers
or delivery boys on such vehicles.
2. In the deration, custody, or re-oair of elevators, cranes,
derric;:s, or other hoisting a-OTjaratus, except in the onera-
tion of ( l) dumbwaiters as defined by the American Standards
Association or (2) elevators equipped only for automatic
CT)eration.
3. In all loading and unloading orierations (from trucks, trains,
etc.) ivhere lifting is done by hand.
If po'7ei' driven machinery is used in conveying or handling
material the folloTving should be added:
4. In handling, loading or unloading goods where -oower-driven
machinery is used for conveying or handling.
9791
^232-
EXHIBIT 154
VACUTJi!.! CLEAIIEH Ml'JUPACTTJRIl^JG IITOUSTRY
I. Occurjations involving general hazards
1. In foxmdries (ferrous and non-ferrous) all ipork in the
foundry proper.
2. All cleaning or grinding- or)erations in foxondries.
3. All work in foundries involving exr)0sure to molten lead or any-
molten lead alloy or to dust of lead or any lead alloy.
4. In malleable foundries, o-oerations involving handling of heated
castings, etc., in connection with annealing work.
5. In the cutting or welding of metals by gas or electricity.
6. In, or in connection with, hot galvanizing or tinning -Drocesses.
7. As drivers or assistants to drivers of motor vehicles or as
hel-oers or delivery boys on motor vehicles.
8. In, or assisting in, the o-nerating of gas, oil, or steam
engines or other orime movers.
9. Firing of steam or water boilers (excent boilers of not more
than 15 -nounds -oressure used solely for heating -numoses) .
10. In the care, custody, o-neration or reiDair of elevatcrs, craned,
derricks, or other hoisting an-oaratus, excent in the o-oeration
of (l) dumbwaiters as defined by the American Standards Asso-
ciation or (S) of elevators equiT)r)ed only for automatic
o-oeration.
II. Occu-nations involving s-oecific mechanical hazards — machine work
(■orohibition to a,-i-)-oly to o-oerating, assisting in o-oerating or
taking material from the following machines)
11. Grinding, abrasive, polishing or buffing wheels; provided that
apprentices operating under conditions 'of bona fide apprentice-
ship ms,y grind their own tools.
12. Metal-cutting machines having a guillotine action.
13. Machinery used in the cold rolling of heavy metal stock.
14. Metal plate bending machines handling material or more tlian
0.3145 inch in thickness.
15. Power-driven metal planing machines.
16. Circular saws used in the cutting of metals.
17. Boring mills.
18. Power shears of all kinds.
19. P-unch presses or stamping ma.chines if the clearance between
the ram a.nd the die or the stripper exceeds one-fourth inch.
20. Machinery having a heavy rolling or crushing action.
20a. Wire stitching machinery.
Exception; Apprentices: ■ Employment on any of the above-named
machines may be permitted in tlie case of minors between 16 and
18 years of age who are bona fide apprentices.
9791
21. In oiling, cleanin,'-' or willing mr.chinery or r.hafting in motion.
22. In a-ot)l.ying helt? to -n-ulleys in motion or assisting therein.
III. Occu-oationf? involving health hazards
23.- All work in s-oray -oainting. -
24. Work involving exiDOrure to "benzol or any henzol comnoxind which
' is volatile or' which c^n -oenetrate the skin.
25. Lead soldering 'vorlc.
26. All work involving exposure to acid in connection with •nickling
of sheet -olate.
Apprentices shall he ''defined as "those who are regularly
indentured tjider contract to the industry, for a sufficient
•oeriod of tiT.r! to' he systematically advanced thro\igh the
various operations, shops, de^nartments , etc., of a trade
occutjation or industry, and who receive educational training
in an organized educational institution during a -oortion of
their working time."
EXHIBIT 155
VALVES SQUD FITTINGS I.lAiTLTACTmiUrr IIIlUST^Y
I. Occunation Involving Specific Mechanical Tlazards-'^Machine Work.
(Prohihition to a-nnly to or>erating, assisting in onerating, or
talcing material from, the following, machines) .,• ■'•
1. Grinding, abrasive, t)olishing., or huffing wheels; nrovided-
that an^irentices o-oeratjon under conditions: of bona fide
at)-orenticeship may grind, their .own tools.- ■ '■ •
3. Machinery used 'in the cold rolling of -heavy metal stock. •
4. Metal -olate bending machines' handling material of more than • •
0.2145 inch in thiclcness..
5. Power driven metai -olaning machines.
6. Circular saws used in the cutting, of metals. , •
7. Boring mills.
8. Power shears of all kinds.
9. Punch -Dresses or stam-oing machines if the clearance; between the
ram and the "die or the stripper exceeds one-fourth inch.
Exce-ption— ^A-QTPrcntices; — EmplbjTnent on any of the above named
machines may be permitted in the case ,of minors between 16
and 18 years of age who are bona fide ap-orentices.
10. In oiling, cleaning, or wiping machinery or, shafting in motion.
11. In applying belts to pulleys in motion or assisting therein.
II. Occupations Involving General Ha.zards.
9791
-•254?-
l?,. : , In ferrous and tion-f errotaS foundries — all work in the
•:, ■ foundry -Dro-Der.
13. All cleaning or grinding operations in foundries.
14. In malleable foundries, ODerrvtidns involving handling of
heated castings, etc., in connection with annealing work.
15. All work in foundries involving exr)osure to molten lead or
any molten lead alloy, ,' or to dust of lead or of any lead
alloy.
16. In the cutting or ^relding of metals by gas or electricity.
17. As drivers of trucks or other motor vehicles or as helpers
or delivery boys on such vehicles.
18. In, or assisting in, the operation of gas, oil, or steam
engines or other -orime movers.
19. In the care, custody, o-oeration or renair of elevators, cranes,
derricks, or other hoisting ariparatus, except in the oneration
of (l) dumbwaiters as defined by the American Standards
Association, or (2) elevators equi-Dned only for automatic
OTDeration.
20. Firing of steam or water boilers (except boilers of not more
than 15 lbs. nressure used solely for heating purposes).
EXHIBIT 156
VEIIETIAK T3i,ijiD iinjDUSTRY
I. OcQupations involving general hazards
1. Firing of steam or water boilers (excer)t boilers of not more
than 15 lbs. -oressure used solely for heating purx)0ses).
2. As drivers or assistants to drivers of njotor vehicles or as .
helpers or delivery boys on motor vehiqles.
3. In or assisting .in the OTseration of gas, oil, or steam
engines or other -orime movers.
4. In the care, custody, oioeration or reDair of elevators,
cranes, derricks or other hoisting apnaratus, except .in
the operation of (l) diarnbwaiters as defined by the American
Standar'^s Association, or of (2) elevators equipned only
for automatic operation. , ' ,
II. Occupations involving specific mechanical hazards — machine work
(Prohibition to ap-oly to operating, assisting in operating,
or t-'^king material from the following machines).
5. All occupations in connection with power-driven woodworking
machinery.
Exception; Eraplojmient on these machines may be permitted in.
the case of minors between 16 and 18 years of age under
conditions of bona fide apprenticeship.
6. In oiling, cleaning, or wiping machinery in motion.
7. In applying belts to a pulley in motion or assisting therein,
9791
-235-
Ap-orentices rhall be defined as "those who are refcularly in-
dentured -under contract to the Industry, for a sufficient
•period of time to "be- systematically advanced through the
* various operations, shops, departments, etc., of a -Trade,
Occupation ot Industry, and who receive educational training
in an organized educational institution during a portion
of their irorking time."
EXHIBIT 157
WARM AI- FIJRMCE ivIMUPAC TURING ItlDUSTRY
1. Moulding work, core making or other r)rocesses in foundTies which
exT50se the worker either directly or indirectly to melted
metal.
2. All cleaning or grinding operations in foundries.
3. In rao.lleable foundries, operations involving handling Of
heated castings, etc., in connection w ith annealing work.
4. Firing of steam or water boilers (except boilers of not
more than 15 lbs. pressure used solely for heating -ourposes) .
5. As drivers or assistants to drivers of motor vehicles or as
helpers or delivery boys on motor vehicles.
6. In or assisting in the operation of gas, oil, or steam
engines or other -nrime movers.
7. In the care, custody, o-oeration or repair of elevators, cranes,
derricks, or other hoisting apparatus, exceiDt in the o-oera-
tion of (l) dumbwaiters as defined by the American Standards
Association, or (2) of elevators equipped only for automatic
o-i^eration.
8. In the cutting or welding of metals by gas or electricity.
9. In or in connection with hot galvanizing or tinning processes.
10. Grinding, abrasive, polishing or buff ing wheels; provided
that learners may grind -fcheir own tools.
11. In oiling, cleaning or -^idping machinery in motion.
12. In a-nplying belts to a p-alley in motion or assisting therein.
13. Lead soldering work.
14. All work involving exposure to acid in connection with
pickling of sheet plate.
EXHIBIT 158
WARM AIR REGISTER IvANLEACTURING IHDUSTRY
I. Occupations involving snecific mechanical hazards — machine work
(Prohibition to anply to operating or assisting in operating
the following machines).
1. Grinding, abrasive, polishing or buffing wheels, provided that
aiDPrentices operating under conditions of bona fide
spprenticeship may grind their own tools.
9791
-236- ■
3. Metel-cutting machines having a guillotine action.
3. Power shears of all kinds.
4. Punch presses or starmDing machines if the clearance between
the ram and the die or the strirjper exceeds orip-f ourth inch.
Exce-Qtinn: Apiorentices: Employment on any of the above-named
machines may he permitted in the case of minors between
16 and 18 years of age who are bona fide apprentices.
5. In oiling, cleaning, or wiping a^achinery or shafting in motion.
6. In applying belts to pulleys in motion or assisting therein.
II. Occupations involving health hazards
7. All work in spray painting. ,'. ,
III. Occupations involving general hazards ( including^.plant and outside
maintenance)* . , ' ,
8. All work in the foundry proper.. • • •
9. All chipping or grinding operations.
10.- In the cutting or welding of metals by gas or electricity.
11. As drivers of trucks or other motor vehicles or as helpers
or delivery boys on such vehicles.
12. In, or assisting in', the operation of gas, oil, or steam
engines used as prime movers.
13. In the operation, custody, or repair of elevators, cranes,
derricks, or other hoisting apparatus, excent in the
operation' of (l) dumbwaiters as defined by the American
Standards Association, or (2) elevators eauipped only for
automatic operation.
14. Firing of steam or water boilers (except boilers of not
mor'etl:ian 15 lbs. pressure used solely for heating purposes).
EXHIBIT 159 . . ,
WASTE PAPE?, II^IDUST^-Y*
1. Drivers of trucks or other motor vehicles,
or helpers on such vehicles.
If hoisting apparatus is used in the industry.
2. 0-oera,tion or repair of elevators, cranes,
derricks or other hoisting apparatus ex-
cept the opera.tion of dumbwaiters as
defined by the American Standards Associa-
tion, or elevators eaiiiTrned only for
automatic operation.
(*) (Subdivision of the Scrap Iron, Ilon-Ferrous Scrap' Metals, and
Waste Materials Trade)
9791
-257-
EXHIBIT 160
WATERPROOF PAPER INDUSTRY
I. Occu-Dations Involving (T-eneral Hazards
'. 1. Firing of steam or water boilers (except boilers of not
more than 15 lbs. -oressure used solely for heating
•Dumoses) .
2. As drivers or assistants to drivers of motor vehicles
or as helpers or delivery boys en motor vehicles.
3. In or assisting in the operation of gas, oil, or steam
engines or other prime movers.
4. In the care, custody, operation, or repair of elevators,
cranes, derricks, or other hoisting apparatus, except
in the operation of ( l) diombwaiters, as defined by the
American Standards Association, or (2) elevators eauipped
only for automatic operation,
II. Occupations Involving Specific ilechanical Hazards - Machine Work.
(Prohibition to apply to operating, assisting in operating, or
taking material from the following machines).
54 Machinery of stamping or punch-press type used in
the manufacture of paper or paper goods, if the
clearance between the ram and the die or the stripper
exceeds one-fourth inch.
6« Paper cutting machines liaving a guillotine action.
7 4 Paper punches or line perforators.
8. Greasers, slitters, or corrugating, crimping, embossing
plating, printing, or graining r^'lls used in the manu-
facture of paper and paper products which are not guarded
at the point of operation.
9. Power shears of all kinds.
Exception - Apprentices
Employment on any of the above machines may
be permitted in the case of minors between
16 and 18 years of age ujider conditions of
bona fide apprenticeship.
10. In oiling, cleaning, r,r wiping machinery or siiafting
in motion.
11. In applying belts to pulleys in motion or assisting therein.
Where Printing is Done
12. Power-driven printing presses.
13. Monotype or linotjToe machines.
14. Embossing ma.chinery used in the printing industry.
15. Blowing out ty^^e cases in printing shops.
16. Cleaning linot:>'pe plungers in -orinting shops.
17. Dry sweeping and cleaning in printing shops.
18. In melting operations in printing shops.
9791
-238--
Apprentices shall be defined as "those who are regularly in-
dentured under contract to the Industry, for a sufficient
period of time 'tO "be systematically advanced through the
various orjerations, shons, departments, etc., of a trade,
occupation, or industryj .and who receive educational training
in an organized educational institution during a portion of
their working time."
9791
-^239-
EXHIBIT 161
WAXED PAPE?. IITDUSTRY
J. Occupations Involving General Hazards.
1. firing of stean or \mter 'boilers (except "boilerG of not
i.iore than 15 IIds. presnixre xiMed solely for heating pur-
poses).
2. As drivers or assistants to drivers of motor vehicles or^
as helpers or delivery boys on motor vehicles.
3. In or assisting in the operation of gas, oil, or stean
engines or other prine novers .
4. In the care, custody, operation, or repair of elevators,
cranes, derric^zs, or other hoisting apparatus, except in
the operation of (l) dumhrraiters, as defined by the
American Standards Association, or (2) elevators equip35ed
only for a.utonatic operation.
II. Occupations Involving Specific Lechanical Hazards - hachine
Uork: (Prohibition to apply to operating, assisting in opera-
ting, or taking naterial fron the folloring machines).
5. llachinery of stamping or punch-press type used in the
manufacture of paper or paper goods, if the clearance
betTjeen the ram and the die or the stripper exceeds one-
fourth inch.
6. Paper-cutting machines having a giiillotine action.
7. Paper punches or line perforators.
8. Greasers, slitters, or corrugating, crimping, embossing,
plating, printing, or graining rolls used in the manu-
facture of paper and paper products rrhich are not guarded
at the point of ojjeration.
9. Po\7er shears of all hinds.
Exception- Apin-entices — Em.plojTient on any of the above
machines may be permitted in the case of minors between
15 and 18 years of s^ge under conditions of bona fide
app rent i c e sliip .
10. In oiling, cleaning, or 'riping machinery' or shafting in
mo t i on .
11.. Applying belts to pullej^s in motion or assisting therein.
Uhere printing is done.
12. Po'jer-driven printing presses.
13. ilonotype or linotype machines.
14. Embossing machinerj^ used in the printing industry.
15. Blorring out tj'pe cases in ;orinting shops.
15. Cleaning linotjn^e plungers in printing shops.
17. Drj^ sTTeeping and cleaning in printing shops.
13. In melting operations in j_)rinting shops.
App i-er.t ices shall be defined as "those r/lio are regularly in-
dentured \mder contract to the Industry- for a sufficient period
of time to be systematically advanced through the various oper-
ations, shops, departments, etc., of a trade, occupation or indus-
tr5^, and Trho receive educational training in an organized edu-
9791 cational institution dLiring a portion of their vorking time."
-240-
■ EXHIBIT 162
WET i,;OP rAlKjTACTUPJlIG- IllDUSTRY .
1. Drivers or assiistants to drivers of motor vehicles or
helv)ers or delivery boys on motor vehicles.
2. Opei^atin-r; or assisting in the o'Teratipn of .■i;as, oil, or
stean engines or other prime movers.
3. Pirin']; of Eteam or rrater boilers (except boilers or not
more than 15 pounds presstire used solely for heating
purposes) .
4. The care, custody, operation, or rejjair of elevators,
cranes, derricks or other hoisting apparatus, except the
operation of (l) dumbwaiters as defined by the Imerican
Stanc'^rds Association, or (2) elevators equipped only
for automatic operation.
5. Oiling, cleaning, or '■,'iping uachiner;?- in m.otion.
6. Applying belts to a pulley in r.iotion or assisting therein.
7. Operation of lathes.
EXHIBIT 163
FHEAT FLOUR I.iILLING INDUSTRY
I. G-eneral machine Hazards
1. In oiling, cleaning or wiping machinerj/- or shafting in
notion.
2. In applying belts to pulleys in motion or assisting there-
in.
3. As drivers of tiu.Gks or other motor vehicles, or as help-
ers or delivery boys on such vehicles, (messengers, office
find light delivery boys using such. vehicles excluded).
4. In, or assisting in, the operation of gas, oil, or steam
engines used as prime movers.
5. Firing of stesxi or v/ater boilers (except boilers of not
more than 15 lbs. pressure used solely for heating
purposes) .
6. In the cutting or voiding of netals by gas or electricity.
II. Specific Liechanical Hazards • _
7. Superintendent
3. Head liiller
9. Second Hiller
10. Engineer
9791
-241-
EDCiIBIT 154
OCCUPATICITS PilOIiIDITZD TOR Ull'ORS FiTDEH 18
Occupations Involving General Ha.zo.rds
1. In oiling, cleaning or wiping machinery or shafting in
notion.
2. In applying belts to pulleys in motion or assisting therein.
3. As drivers or assistants to drivers of motor vehicles or
as helpers or delivery boys on yiotor vehicles.
4. In, or assisting in, the operation of gas, oil, or steam
engines, or other prine covers.
5. In the care, custodj% operation, or repair of elevators,
cranes, derrichs, or other hoisting apparatus, except in
the operation of (l) durnhvaiters as defined by the Ameri-
can Standards Association, or (2) elevators equipped only
for autonatic operation.
6. iiring of steaii or rti-ter boilers (except boilers of not
more than 15 lbs. pressure used solely for heating
purposes).
ESIIBIT 135
VHOLSSALS i:01IUi;i:iTTAL GRAillTE IlIDUSTRY
1. yorl: in or about quarries, including all surface \7ork.
2. In the tmisiTortation or in the use of explosives or
explosive substances.
3. Pdgging of derricks.
4. Shaping of carbo ran d^'Jin rrheels.
5. In the operation of carborundiim wheels.
6. In the operation of la.thes.
7. In all other stone cutting or polishing.
8. In the care or operation or repair of derricks, cranes,
elev§.tors, or other hoisting apparatus except in the
operation (1 ) of dumbwaiters as defined by the American
Standards Asr-ociation, or (2) of elevators equipped only
for automatic opera.tion.
9. In switching and working on or about railroad equipment.
10. In oiling, cleaning, or v.dping machinerj^ in motion.
11. In applying belts to pulley in notion or assisting therein.
12. In proximity to any img'aarded belt or gearing.
13. In, or assisting in, the operation of gas, oil, or stear:i
ens^ines or other prime movers.
14. Firing of steam or water boilers (except steai-i or vrater
boilers of not more than 15 lbs. pressure used solely for
heating purposes).
15. If waste material is utilized, -in- operating or assisting
to o-oerate crashing ;iachines.
?791
-242-
SXHE'IT 166
TJHOLESALS liOirai.lE'JTAl LX^LE IItdUSTHY
1. As drivers or assistants to drivers of motor vehicles
or as helpers or delivery ooys on motor vehicles.
■ 2. Shai^ine of carljorundun. vjheels
3. Eigsing of' derricks.
4. In the care, custody, operation or repair of derricks,
craiies, elevators, or other hoisting apparatus, except
in the operation (l) of duabvaiters as defined "by
Anerican Standards Association, or (2) of elevators
equipped onlj' for automatic operation.
5. In the oiling, cleaning, or T7ipin;^i• nachinerj^ in niotion.
6. In applj'-ing "belts to a pulley in notion, or assisting
therein.
7. In the proximity to 'cjaj \mgu^rded halt or gearing.
8. Svritching and vrorking on and ahout railroad equipment.
S. In or assisting in the operation of gas, oil, or steam (
engines or other prime movers.
10. Firing of steam or ^7ater boilers (esce^Tt steam or vrater
boilers of not more than 15 lbs. pressure used solely
for heating purposes).
EXHIBIT 167 - -
iTHOLESALE TOBACCO IITDUSTSY
1. As drivers of trucks or other motor vehicles or as
helpers to drivers or to deliver goods from trucks
or other motor vehicles.
2. In the operation, custody, or repair of elevators,
cranes, derricks, or other hoisting apparatus except
in the operation of (l) durabijaiters as defined by -the
Araerican Standa/rds Association, or (2) elevators
equipped only for automatic operation. V
3. In handling, loading, or "onloading goods vrhere po'jer-
driven machinery'- is used for convej'-ing or handling.
'4. In snitching or in operating i-ailroad equipment.
5, In dock or marine 'jork.
E.XHI3IT 168
UOOD CASED LEAD PEITCIL lIAm^ACTUHIITG IllDUSTRY
In occuiDations involving specific mechaiiical hazards- machine
'Tork (Prohibition to ap-nly to operating or assisting in oper-
ating the follovdng machines).
1. All povrer-driven ':'Ood.-:'orking machineiy.
2. Punch jDresses or ntai.iping machines if the clearance
betv/een the ram and die or the stripper exceeds one-
fourth inch.
97S1
-243-
E::ce-ption — Ap:irentices: EnplojTnent on anv of the a"bove-
naned nachineo naY 1)6 pemitted in the case of ninors
"betrreen 16 and 10 yevas of a^e '"'ho are bona fide
apprentices.
5. In oiling, cleajiing, or ^-'iping nachiner;'- or shafting in
notion.
4. In applying "belts to niilleys in notion or assisting
therein.
II. Occupations involving health hazards ;
5. In all procesr.es ^.-'here subst^xnces containing lead or any
of its conpoinids 3,re used in a liquid or -oorrdered form,
or at a temperature sufficient to vaporize lead.
6. TTorl: involving exposure to "benzol or any "benzol compound
\7hich is violate or vfhich can penetra,te the skin.
7. In the Vise of dangerous dye-stuffs.
III. Plpjit cJid outside Maintenance
8. As drivers of trucks or other notor vehicles or. as helpers
or delivery "boys on such vehicles.
9. In, or assisting in, the operation of gas, oil, or steam
engines used as prime movers.
10. In the operation, custody, or repair of elevators, cranes,
derricks, or other hoisting apparatus, except in the
operation of (a), dunh'.raiters as defined "by the American
Standards Association, or ("b) elevators eo^uipped only
for automatic operation.
11. Piring of steai or vrater "boilers (except boilers of not
more than 15 lbs. pressure used solely for heating
purposes).
EXHIBIT 1S9
XOD EEIL Iin)lIST?uY
1. Turning, blocking, grooving, grading, concaving, shanlc
scouring, leather and imbber trimi.iing.
2. Firing of steam or rater boilers (except boilers of not
more than 15 po-unds pressure used solely for heating
purposes) .
3. Driving of motor vehicles.
4. Oper3,ting or assisting in the operation of gas, oil or
steam engines or other prime movers.
5. Care, custody of (sic) repairing of elevators or other
hoisting apparatus, except in the operation of dumbwaiters
as defined b;- the American Staiid.ards Association or of
elevators equipped onl;;
3791
-244-
EHIBIT 170
WOOD PLUG IiraUSTRY
I. Occupations involving specific Tieclianical hazards — machine
TFork (Prohihition to apply to operating, assisting in opera-
ing, or triring r.aterial fron the following machines).
1. All occupations in connection '-'ith povfer-driven Tioodrrork-
ing nachinerj''.
Exception;
EnplojTient on any of the a'bove-na.ned machines nay be
penaitted in the case of ninors 'bet'Teen sircteen (16)
md eighteen (18) years of age -under conditions of
"bona fide ap-jrenticeship to a trade.
2. In oiling, cleaning, or v/iping Liachinery in notion.
3. In applying telts to a nulley in motion or assisting there-
in.
II. Occupations involving general hazards
4. Firing of steaii or 'jater "boilers, (except hollers or not
nore than 15 Ihs. pressure used solely for heating pur-
poses).
5. As .drivers or assistr.nts to drivers of notor vehicles or
as helpers or delivery hoys on notor vehicles.
6. In or assisting in the operation of gas, oil, or stean
engines or other prime movers.
7. In the custody, operation, or repair of elevators, cranes,
derricks, or other hoisting apparatus, except in the
operation of (l) dumhwaiters as defined by the Araerican
Standards Association, or (2) elevators equipped only
for automatic operation.
EXHIBIT -171
uooD Tu: ::iiic- ai:d shapiiig- ii:dust?jes
I. Occupations involving specific mechanical hazards — machine
nork (prohibition to apply to operating, assisting in
operating, or taking material fron the folloning nachines)
1. All occupations in connection nith pcjcr- driven voodvorking
Biachinor;-. . -•.•./■.•.. •:•. ■_•,/- ^.o .c:---'.ri".-'-.::.
Exception; Emplo^Tnent on any of the above-named nachines
nay be pemitted in the case of ninors bet^r-een 16 and 18
years of age under conditions of bona fide apprenticeship
to a trade.
2. In oiling, cleaning or rriping .'machinery in motion.
3. In applying belts to a -oulle;' in notion or assisting therein.
II. Occupe^tions involving genera,! hazards
1. Firing of stean. or rrater boilers (e'xeiit boilers of not
.nore thaJi 15 -oounds presr^ure used solely ,-for-heatiiig pttS^^Oees.
9791
-245-
2. As drivers or assistants to drivers of notor vehicles
or as helpers or deliverj'- Tdoj^s on notor vehicles.
3. In, or assistin{^ in, the operation of gas, oil, or
steam engines or other prime movers.
4. In tlie custody, operation or repair of elevators, cranes,
derricks, or other hoisting epparatus, except in the
operation of (l) dun'bv'aiters as defined hy the American
Standards Association, or (2) of elevators equipped only
for automatic or)eration.
III. Occupations involvin^c inf lamraible material
1. Lining and/or handling after mixing of any liquids con-
taining lacquer, naptha, or any other easily inflsmnahle
liquid su"bst?nce used in or aro-un,d so-called "enameling
departments. "
EXHII.it 172
TOODSIT lilSUIJ^TOn PHI AilD BHilCiJZT 1 J.irjrACTU?JNG IITDUSTHY
i; Occupation involving specific mechanical hazards, including
Machine Work:
1. All occuoations in connection '/ith power-driven v/oodnork-
ing machinery.
Exceotion - Enploj^aent on any of the ahove named machines
ma^'- he permitted in the case of minors hetTTeen sixteen
and eighteen years of age under conditions of hona fide
apprenticeship to a trade.
2. Any occuiiation involving the oiling, cleaning or rriping
of an;'" machinery in notion.
3. Any occupation involving the application of helts to
nulleys in motion or the assisteaice therein.
-'</
II. Occupations involving general haza.rds (General Plant and Out-
side maintenance) .
4. Drivers or assistants to drivers of motor vehicles or
helpers or delivery hoys on riotor vehicles.
5. Occupations involving the firing of steam or nater
toilers (except boilers of not more than 15 Ihs. pres-
sure used solely for heating purposes).
6. Occupations in or assisting in the operation of any gas,
oil, or steam engines or other prime movers.
7. Occupations involving the custody, operation or repair
of elevators, cranes, derricks or other hoisting appa-
ratus, except in the operation of (l) d-ojnbuaiters, as
defined by the American Standards Association, or
(2) elevators equii^ped onl^^ for autons,tic operation.
5791
-246-
EiailBIT 173
WOOL TELT :jllIU:..'i.CTUHIl;G IIJDUSTRY
1. Carding
2. Lapping
3. Falling
4. Uashing
5. Extracting
6. Cixttinc
9791#
OFFICE OF THE NATIONAL RECOVERY ADMINISTRATION
THE DIVISION OF REVIEW
THE WORK OF THE DIVISION OF REVIEW
Executive Order No. 7075, dated June 15, 1935, established the Division of Review of *.he
National Recovery Administration. The pertinent part of the Executive Order reads thus:
The Division of Review shall assemble, analyze, and report upon the statistical
information and records of experience of the operations of the various trades and
industries heretofore subject to codes of fair competition, shall study the ef-
fects of such codes upon trade, industrial and labor conditions in general, and
other related matters, shall make available for the protection and promotion of
the public interest an adequate review of the effects of the Administration of
Title I of the National Industrial Recovery Act, and the principles and policies
put into effect thereunder, and shall otherwise aid the President in carrying out
his functions under the said Title. I hereby appoint Leon C. Marshall, Director of
the Division of Review.
The study sections set up in the Division of Review covered these areas: industry
studies, foreign trade studies, labor studies, trade practice studies, statistical studies,
legal studies, administration studies, miscellaneous studies, and the writing of code his-
tories. The materials which #ere produced by these sections are indicated below.
Except for the Code Histories, all items mentioned below are scheduled to be in mimeo-
graphed form by April 1, 1936.
THE CODE HISTORIES
The Code Histories are documented accounts of the formation and administration of the
codes. They contain the definition of the industry and the principal products thereof; the
classes of members in the industry; the history of code formation including an account of the
sponsoring organizations, the conferences, negotiations and hearings which were held, and
the activities in connection with obtaining approval of the code; the history of the ad-
ministration of the code, covering the organization and operation of the code authority,
the difficulties encountered in administration, the extent of compliance or non-compliance,
and the general success or lack of success of the code, and an analysis of the operation of
code provisions dealing with wages, hours, trade practices, and other provisions. These
and other matters are canvassed not only in terms of the materials to be found in the files,
out also in terms of the experiences of the deputies and others concerned with code formation
and administration.
The Code Histories, (including histories of certain NRA units or agencies) are not
mimeographed. They are to be turned over to the Department of Commerce in typewritten form.
All told, approximately eight hundred and fifty (850) histories will be completed. This
number includes all of the approved codes and some of the unapproved codes. (In Work
Materials No ig. Contents of Code Histries. will be found the outline which governed
the preparation of Code Histories.)
(In the case of all approved codes and also in the case of some codes not carried to
final approval, there are in NRA files further materials on industries. Particularly worthy
of mention are the Volumes I, II and III which constitute the material officially submitted
to the President in support of the recommendation for approval of each code. These volumes
9768—1.
-ii-
set forth the origination of the code, the sponsoring group, the evidence advanced to sup-
port the proposal, the report of the Division of Research and Planning on the industry, the
recommendations of the various Advisory Boards, certain types of official correspondence,
tl.e transcript of the formal hearing, and other pertinent matter. There is also much offi-
cial information relating to amendments, interpretations, exemptions, and other rulings. The
materials mentioned in this paragraph were of course not a part of the work of the Division
of Review. )
THE WORK MATERIALS SERIES
In the A'ork of the Division of Review a considerable number of studies and compilations
of data {other than those noted below in the Evidence Studies Series and the Statistical
Material Series) have been made. These are listed below, grouped according to the char-
acter of the material. (In Work Materials No. r7. Tentative Outlines and Summaries of
Studies in Process, these materials are fully described).
Industry Studies
Automobile Industry, An Economic Survey of
Bituminous Coal Industry under Free Competition and Code Regulation, Economic Survey of
Electrical Manufacturing Industry, The
Fertilizer Industry, The
Fishery Industry and the Fishery Codes
Fishermen and Fishing Craft, Earnings of
Foreign Trade under the National Industrial Recovery Act
Part A - Competitive Position of the United States in International Trade 1927-29 through
1934.
Part B - Section 3 (e) of NIRA and its administration.
Part C - Imports and Importing under NRA Codes.
Part D - Exports and Exporting under NRA Codes.
Forest Products Industries, Foreign Trade Study of the
Iron and Steel Industry, The
Knitting Industries, The
Leather and Shoe Industries, The
uumber and Timber Products Industry, Economic Problems of the
Men's Clothing Industry, The
Millinery Industry, The
Motion Picture Industry, The
Migration of Industry, The: The Shift of Twenty-Five Needle Trades From New York State,
1926 to 1934
National Labor Income by Months, 1929-35
Paper Industry, The
Production, Prices, Employment and Payrolls in Industry, Agriculture and Railway Trans-
portation, January 1923, to date
Retail Trades Study, The
Rubber Industry Study, The
Textile Industry in the United Kingdom, France, Germany, Italy, and Japan
Textile Yarns and Fabrics
Tobacco Industry, The
Wholesale Trades Study, The
Women's Neckwear and Sc?rf Industry, Financial and Labor Data on
9768—2
if
- lii -
Women's Apparel Industry, Some Aspects of the
Trade Practice Studies
Commodities, Information Concerning: A Study of NRA and Related Experiences in Control
Distribution, Manufacturers' Control of: Trade Practice Provisions in Selected MRA Codes
Distributive Relations in the Asbestos Industry
Design Piracy: The Problem and Its Treatment Under MRA Codes
Electrical Mfg. Industry: Price Filing Study
Fertilizer Industry; Price Filing Study
Geographical Price Relations Under Codes of Fair Competition, Control of
Minimum Price Regulation Under Codes of Fair Competition
Multiple Basing Point System in the Lime Industry: Operation of the
Price Control in the Coffee Industry
Price Filing Under NRA Codes
Production Control in the Ice Industry
Production Control, Case Studies in
Resale Price Maintenance Legislation in the United States
Retail Price Cutting, Restriction of, with special Emphasis on The Drug Industry.
Traia Practice Rules of The Federal Trade Commission (1914-1936): A classification for
comrarison with Trade Practice Provisions of NRA Codes.
Labor Studies
Cap and Cloth Hat Industry, Commission Report on Wage Differentials in
Earnings in Selected Manufacturing Industries, by States, 1933-35
Employment, Payrolls, Hours, and Wages in 115 Selected Code Industries 1933-1935
Fur Manufacturing, Commission Report on VTa^cs and Hours in
Hours and Wages in American Industry
Labor Program Under the National Industrial Recovery Act, The
Part A. Introduction
Part B. Control of Hours and Reemployment
Part C. Control of Wages
Part D. Control of Other Conditions of Employment
Part E. Section 7(a) of the Recovery Act
Materials in the Field of Industrial Relations
PRA Census of Employment, June, October, 1933
Puerto Rico Needlework, Homeworkers Survey
Administrative Studies
Administrative and Legal Aspects of Stays, Exemptions and Exceptions, Code Amendments, Con-
ditional Orders of Approval
Administrative Interpretations of NRA Codec
Administrative Law and Procedure under the NIRA
Agreements Under Sections 4(a) and 7(b) of the NIRA
Approve Codes in Industry Groups, Classification of
Basic Code, the — (Administrative Order X-61)
Code Authorities anc Their Part in the Administration of the NIRA
Part A. Introduction
Fart E. Nature, Composition and Organization of Code Authorities
9768 — 2 .
- iv -
Part C. Activities of the Code Authorities
Part D. Code Authority Finances
Part E. Summary and Evaluation
Code Compliance Activities of the NRA
Code Making Program of the NRA in the Territories, The
Code Provisions and Related Subjects, Policy Statements Concerning
Content of NIRA Administrative Legislation
Part A. Executive and Administrative Orders
Part B. Labor Provisions in the Codes
Part C. Trade Practice Provisions in the Codes
Part D. Administrative Provisions in the Codes
Part E. Agreements under Sections 4(a) and 7(b)
Part F. A Type Case: The Cotton Textile Code
Labels Under NRA, A Study of
Model Code and Model Provisions for Codes, Development of
National Recovery Administration, The: A Review of its Organization and Activities
NRA Insignia
President's Reemployment Agreement, The
President's Reemployment Agreement, Substitutions in Connection with the
Prison Labor Problem under NRA and the Prison Coapact, The
Frc'.rlems of Administration in the Overlapping of Code Definitions of Industries and Trades,
Multiple Code Covera?:e, Classifying Individual Members of Industries and Trades
Relationship of NRA to Government Contracts and Contracts Involving the Use of Government
Funds
Relationship of NRA with States and Municipalities
Sheltered Workshops Under NRA
Uncodified Industries; A Study of Factors Limiting the Code Making Program
Legal Studies
Anti-Trust Laws and Unfair Competition
Collective Bargaining Agreements, the Right of Individual Employees to Enforce
Commerce Clause, Federal Regulation of the Employer-Employee Relationship Under the
Delegation of Power, Certain Phases of the Principle of, with Reference to Federal Industrial
Regulatory Legislation
Enforcement, Extra-Judicial Methods of
Federal Regulation through the Joint Employment of the Power of Taxation and the Spending
Power
Government Contract Provisions as a Means of Establishing Proper Economic Standards, Legal
Memorandum on Possibility of
Industrial Relations in Australia, Regulation of
Intrastate Activities Which so Affect Interstate Commerce as to Bring them Under the Com-
merce Clause, Cases on
Legislative Possibilities of the State Constitutions
Post Office and Post Road Power — Can it be Used as a Means of Federal Industrial Regula-
tion?
State Recovery Legislation in Aid of Federal Recovery Legislation History and Analysis
Tariff Rates to Secure Proper Standards of Wages and Hours, the Possibility of Variation in
Trade Practices and the Anti-Trust Laws
Treaty Making Power of the United States
War Power, Can it be Used as a Means of Federal Regulation of Child Labor?
9768—4.
THE EVIDENCE STUDIES SERIES
The Evidence Studies were originally undertaken to gather material for pending ocurt
cases. After the Schechter decision the project was continued in order to assemble data for
use in connection with the studies of the Division of Review. The data are particularly
concerned with the nature, size and operations of the industry; and with the relation of the
industry to interstate commerce. The industries covered by the Evidence Studies account for
more than one-half of the total number of workers under codes. The list of those studies
follows:
Automobile Manufacturing Industry
Automotive Parts and Equipment Industry
Baking Industry
Boot and Shoe Manufacturing Industry
Bottled Soft Drink Industry
Builders' Supplies Industry
Canning Industry
Chemical Manufacturing Industry
Cigar Manufacturing Industry
Coat cind Suit Industry
Construction Industry
Cotton Garment Industry
Dress Manufacturing Industry
Electrical Contracting Industry
Electrical Manufacturing Industry
Fabricated Metal Products Mfg. and Metal Fin-
ishing and Metal Coating Industry
Fishery Industry
Furniture Manufacturing Industry
General Contractors Industry
Graphic Arts Industry
Gray Iron Foundry Industry
Hosiery Industry
Infant's and Children's Wear Industry
Iron and Steel Industry
Leather Industry
Lumber and Timber Products Industry
Mason Contractors Industry
Men's Clothing Industry
Motion Picture Industry
Motor Vehicle Retailing Trade
Needlework Industry of Puerto Rico
Painting and Paperhanging Industry
Photo Engraving Industry
Plumbing Contracting Industry
Retail Lumber Industry
Retail Trade Industry
Retail Tire and Battery Trade Industry
Rubber Manufacturing Industry
Rubber Tire Manufacturing Industry
Shipbuilding Industry
Silk Textile Industry
Structural Clay Products Industry
Throwing Industry
Trucking Industry
Waste Materials Industry
Wholesale and Retail Food Industry
Wholesale Fresh Fruit and Vegetable Indus-
try
Wool Textile Industry
THE STATISTICAL MATERIALS SERIES
This series is supplementary to the Evidence Studies Series. The reports include data
on establishments, firms, employment. Payrolls, wages, hours, production capacities, ship-
ments, sales, consumption, stocks, prices, material costs, failures, exports and imports.
They also include notes on the principal qualifications that should be observed in using the
data, the technical methods employed, and the applicability of the material to the study of
the industries concerned. The following numbers appear in the series:
9768—5.
- VI -
Asphalt Shingle and Roofing Industry Fertilizer Industry
Business Furniture Funeral Supply Industry
Candy Manufacturing Industry Glass Container Industry
Carpet and Rug Industry Ice Manufacturing Industry
Cement Industry Knitted Outerwear Industry
Cleaning and Dyeing Trade Paint, Varnish, and Lacquer, Mfg. Industry
Coffee Industry Plumbing Fixtures Industry
Copper and Brass Mill Products Industry Rayon and Synthetic Yarn Producing Industry
Cotton Textile Industry Salt Producing Industry
Electrical Manufacturing Industry
THE COVERAGE
The original, and approved, plan of the Division of Review contemplated resources suf-
ficient (a) to prepare some 1200 histories of codes and NRA units or agencies, (b) to con-
solidate and index the NRA files containing some 40,000,000 pieces, (c) to engage in ex-
tensive field work, (d) to secure much aid from established statistical agencies of govern-
ment, (e) to assemble a considerable number of experts in various fields, (f) to conduct
approximately 25% more studies than are listed above, and (g) to prepare a comprehensive
summarj report.
Because of reductions made in personnel and in use of outside experts, limitation of
access to field work and research agencies, and lack of jurisdiction over files, the pro-
jected plan was necessarily curtailed. The most serious curtailments were the omission of
the comprehensive summary report; the dropping of certain studies and the reduction in the
coverage of other studies; and the abandonment of the consolidation and indexing of the
files. Fortunately, there is reason to hope that the files may yet be cared for under other
auspices.
Notwithstanding these limitations, if the files are ultimately consolidated and in-
dexed the exploration of the NRA materials will have been sufficient to make them accessible
and highly useful. They constitute the largest and richest single body of information
concerning the problems and operations of industry ever assembled in any nation.
L. C. Marshall,
Director, Division of Review.
9768—6.
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