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BOSTON PUBLIC LIBHAMt

3 9999 06542 032 3

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OFFICE OF THE NATIONAL RECOVERY ADMINISTRATION
DIVISION OF REVIEW

AN EXPLANATORY REPORT ON THE
STUDY OF NATURAL AREAS OF TRADE IN THE UNITED STATES
AND A GUIDE TO THE
METHODOLOGY USED IN ITS PREPARATION

By
Robert A. Dier

WORK MATERIALS NO. 42

INDUSTRY STUDIES SECTION
February, 1936

OriTICL OF THE NaTIOFAL ESCOVERY ADI-:i>nSTrL4.TI01-'
Division Q]? ZEVIEIT

M EXPhMATOlTf HEFORT OIT 'TES
STUDY 0? ITATUEAL IREAS OF TFJlDE IF 1!¥S IH^ITEF STATES
AIFD A aUIEE TO THE
I.IITHODOLOGY USED IF ITS PFEPAS^TIOK

F.ODert A. Dier

FelDnmry, 1936

9712

I0EET7£iED

This stiic.;" vrr.s -ujidertp.ken under the supervision of Leon Henderson,
Director of the ?.esearch and Planning Division of the National Recov-
ery Adainistr--.tion to estahlish a factual "basis for the solution of
certain prohleus encountered in the adinmistration of the Retail and
Wholesale Codes.

The c>,tr, presented here, toi^-ether rrith the Tr-de Area ■;aps, in-
dicates ho-' the duplication end. overl3,pping of ■ O'Cinistrative facili-
ties ma:/ he Minimized, horr territories mas'- ^e most efficiently tra-
velled and, in general, provides for the maximuin economy in adjuinis-
trative control.

Other iises are of course a"o;'^arent . For expjaple, it has long
teen desiralile to establish units of territory, which vTOuld provide
a hasis for larizing the statistics 2.> thered hy various government de-
partments coi-iparaDle . The a.reas designrted here could readily he
used for this ■"ujrpose since they ap3:)ro>:imate the areas upon v/hich
the Federal ~es3rve System no'"- reports statistics.

Altho\T(-,-h the present study ".as intended primarily for use in
connection vrith the distribution codes it can, "aith slight adaptations,
he made ap;plicaole to many mcjiufactiuring and service industries.

L. C. Har shall
Director Division of Review

9712 1 3 My 36

TABLE OF CONTENTS

.» * «

Fore'vord ^

Sources 3_5

Description of Maps 6

Location of Boundaries 6

The 37 Economic Divisions of the United States 7

One of the 37 Economic Divisions showing Primary and Secondary Areas. 8

Terms or Phrases Used in a Technical or Special Sense 9

Methodology

Defining a Trading Area i^l4

The Use of Federal Reserve Lines in Establishing Major

Wholesale Areas il-i2

Selecting the Trading Centers 12

Special N.R.A. Trade Area Factors 13

Primary and Secondary Trading Areas 13

Multiple Trading Markets and Their District Centers 14

The Specific Process of Delineating Trade Areas 14-17

Summaries

United States Sximmary of Primary and Secondary Trade Areas

by Branch Districts 18

Composition of Branch Districts by Primary and

Secondary Trade Areas 19- 30

Tables

The Need for Trade StatisticSj by Trading AreaSj

to Supplement Trading Area Naps 30-A

Table I Summary of Retail Outlets and Sales — Other Pertinent

Data — by Branch Districts 31

Table II Retail Outlets and SaleSj by Retail Trading Areas and

Kinds of Business . 32

Digitized by the Internet Archive

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4-5

Retail Trading Areas
(based on the department store experience, fol-
lowing study lay the J. Walter Thoiisjson Company.)

District Agency Areas for the Radio Wholesaling
trade — study by the Radio Wholesaling Code Au-
thority.

Other Publications

Leading Department Stores, published by Internat-
ional Magazine Company, 1934.

Leading Advertisers, published by Curtlss Publish^
Ing Company, 1933.

A survey of Economic Data of the Eastern Roclsy
Mountain Region, published by Roclsy Mountain Eco-
nomic Council,

The Law of Retail Gravitation — Mn. J. Rellly — pub-
lished by G.P.Putnam's Sons, 1931.

Methods for the Measurement of Retail Trade Terri-
tories— Wm. J. Rellly — published by G.P.Putnam's
Sons, 1931.

The Federal Reserve System, by H. Parker Willis.

Band He Nally Conmerclal Atlas — 1934.

DESCRIPTION OF MAPS

* .« .«

The results of this study are graphically presented in map
form. These maps appear under separate binding and indicate 57
economic divisions of the United States. Each of these 37 econom-
ic "states" is subdivided into Primary Trading Areas of which there
is a total of 372 in the United States. Some of these Primary Trad-
ing areas containj within their boundarieSj one or more Secondary
Trading AreaSj of which there are 268.

An enlarged map of the New York City Mult iple Trading Market
is included to show this densely populated metropolitan area in more
detail than was possible otherwise.

LOCATION OF BOUNDARIES

» * *

Trade area boundaries are drawn along county lines except
when the evidence shows that the trade of any particular county is
divided between two trade areas. In such instances the dividing
line is drawn across the county on Minor Civil Division lines.
Should the trade of a particular township (Minor Civil Division)
be dividedj the entire township is included in that adjacent trade
area having the dominant trade influence. Township lines are fol-
lowed in such cases because the Minor Civil Division (township) is
the smallest political unit for which comprehensive statistics are
gathered.

The Files of the Division of Research and Planning con-
tained a master set of Minor Civil Division Maps which gave the of-
ficial location of any line deviating from county boundaries.

The 37 Ec onomic Divisions of the United States
as desi gnat ed by this study

» .* «■

Reproduced from

"A STUDY OF NATURAL AREAS OF TRADE IN TEE UNITED STATES"

Research and Planning publication February 1935

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TERMS OR PHRASES USED IN A TECHNICAL OR SPECIAL SENSE

BRANCH DISTRICT: A composite of contiguous Retail Trading Areas which forms what may
be termed a V.^iolesale Trading Area. The United States can be logically divided into
37 such major areas using the "adjusted" lines of the 37 Federal Reserve Districts for
this division of territory.

PRIMARY TRADING AREA: An irregularly shaped unit of territory based on the flow of
trade and containing 2,000 or more full-time employees, (retail) the boundaries of which
are determined primarily by the radius of the commercial influence of its dominant
trade center. (Primary Trading Areas may contain one or more Secondary Trading Areas.)

♦SECONDARY TRADING AREA: Corresponds to a Primary Trading Area except that the retail
establishments therein do not employ 2,000 or more full-time employees.

PRIMARY TRADING CBiITER: The city or town of dominant commercial influence within a
Primary Trading Area.

SECONDARY TRADING CSOTER: A city of commercial influence secondary to that of the Pri-
mary Trading Center — yet of some distributing Importance to its nearby towns and rural
communities.

**MULTIPLE TRADING MARKET: A special type of Trading Area of more than 500 square miles,
containing more than a million people living in a series of closely connected cities
and twms. There are ten such markets in the United States. Special Treatment is giv-
en these markets in this study.

DISTOICT CENTER OF A hULTIPLE TRADIIC MARKET: A city or town subordinate to the Pri-
mary Trading Center of a Multiple Trading Market but of dominant comnercial influence
within a contiguous portion of a Multiple Trading Market,

SUBORDINATE URBAN CITIES: Cities of sufficiently dominant trade Influence to attract
consumers from outlying towns and districts, but of less dominant influence than either
Primary or Secondary Trading Centers or District Centers of Multiple Trading Markets.
These fall into four groups as follows: Cities of 25,000 to 100,000 population,
10,000 to 25,000 population, 5,000 to 10,000 population, and less than 5,000 population.

This study is mainly concerned with Primary Trading Areas and Centers. Secondary Areas
are outlined only to provide flexibility.

Definition from Marketing Atlas of the United States published by the International Mag-
azine Company.

DEFIIflMG A TRADING AREA

* * *

ManufacturerSj distributorSj advertising agencies and other
private business concerns have divided the country into such trade
areas as reflect the sales and distribution of their particular pro-
ducts. Certain large publishers of per iodicals have designated other
similar areas as representing units of territory which reflect the
buying habit s and customs of retailers^ wholesalers and consumers to
provide national advertisers with a basis for determining the most
efficient method of directing sales forceSj est ablishing branch unit s
and for ascertaining the most strategic points for warehousing and
distributing merchandise.

The study presented heredeals principally with two types of
trading areas:

1. RETAIL or LOCAL TRADIl*} AREAS which are, In reality, irregularly shaped
units of territory based on the flow of retail trade, the boundaries of
which are determined by.

The radius of the conmerclal Influence of the dominant trade
center (city) In that retail trading area.

The transportation and distribution facilities senrlng It from
within and without Its limits.

The buying habits and customs of the people located therein.

2. WHOLESALE or NATIONAL TRADING AREAS which are composed of a group of con-
tiguous retail trading areas bounded by a line which represents the ap-
proximate boundary of one of the 37 Federal Reserve branch territories,
ADJUSTED to the FLOW OF TRADE as follows:

Consideration of geographic barriers such as mountains and
rivers.

Consideration of the radius of the Influence of that city
within Its limits which possesses to a greater degree than
any other, facilities for wholesaling, distribution and
banking.

Consideration of the boundaries of the influence of each of
the retail trading centers located on the outlying fringe
of the major wholesale trade area.

Consideration of the most Important lines of communication
and transportation running through the major area and Its
adjacent areas; the range of warehouse deliveries ana the
extent of the Influence of newspaper circulation.

Interpreted strictlyj any town containing a retail store
might be called a Trading Center and a boundary representing the
radius of its influence drawn around it. We arej howeverj con-
cerned only with the selection of the minimum number of markets
of first importance which as sizeable cities transact the major-
ity of our total retail and wholesale business. When the line
representing the radius of the influence of these cities isdrawn
around each we have our retail trading areas. When fitted to-
gether in contiguous groupSj the retail areas make up still lar-
ger natural economic unitSj or wholesale areas whichj when joined
together J complete the map of the United States.

The 37 main divisions^ the 372 primary retail trade areas
and the 268 secondary retail trade areas offer a practical and
flexible basis for systematic administration - the difference in
volume being taken care of by additional persone+4 under the var-
ious administrative units.

The way trade actually goes makes it impossible to estab-
lish areas of equal populat ionj _ equal sales volume or equal size.

THE USE OF FEDERAL RESERVE LINES IN

ESTABLISHING MAJOR WHOLESALE AREAS

* « *

While surprisingly accurate boundaries can be drawn around
retail trading areaSj it is more difficult to define equally accur-
ate boundaries forwholesale trade areas. Most retail trade is in
convenience, goods such as foods and drugs, the distribut ion of which
follows lines of great similarity. On the other hand wholesale
trade embraces such widely dissimilar goods as hardware and mill
supplieSj drugs and clothingj rawmaterials and household special—
tieSj such as radios andvacumn cleaners. For examplej the bound-
aries of the trade area of thedrug wholesalers in Chicago may dif-
fer widely from that of the Chicago distributors of farm or indus-
trial machinery.

A careful analysis of the location of the borders of the
*37 Federal Reserve territories revealed that these dividing lines
reflected natural major wholesale areas to a remarkable degree.
This result is probably due to the fact that evidence concerning
the movement of trade was examined when the main banks were estab-
lished years ago and it is logical to suppose that the location of
these banks has exerted some influence on the general flow of trade.

There arej of coursej certain areas which seem to have been
improperly allocated at the outset or inwhich considerable economic
change has occurred. These are the areas where the Division of Re-
search and Planning has made several major and numerous minor "flow
of trade" adjustments.

To further confirm the use of the adjusted Federal Reserve
lines as a guide to wholesale areas we find that 33 of the 37 Fed-
eral Reserve Cit ies are included in the first 49 wholesaling centers
in the United States. (Census of Wholesale Distributionj 1930).

SELECTING THE TRADING CENTERS

« « «

Private business concerns have gathered and analyzed basic
data relating to the relative commercial importance of every city
in the United State% for a period of 15 years or more.

In this work each center was analyzed from the standpoint
of retail and wholesale advantages. Stores and warehouses were
rated and their variety in each community recorded. Comparative
values were then made of cities in each section. The initial step
in this study was a detailed analysis of this source material -
plus a careful study of the results of similar marketing data com-
piled by such government agencies as the Department of Commercej
Census Bureau^ Federal Reserve System and so forth. Our Trading
'AreaSj thereforej portray composities of the experience of all ex-
isting marketing studies^ andthe Division of Research and Planning
was exceptionally fortunate in having the heartiest cooperation
from all sources.

12 Main Federal Reserve Districts plus 25 branch territories.

SPECIAL N.R.A. TRADE AREA FACTORS

» « «

Because this study was developed with special reference to

Retailj and to a slightly lesser degree Wholesale Trade^ certain

special factorSj in addition to those listedj were applied to each

Retail Trade 'Area. In brief these were:

That each Retail Trade Area contains at least 2^000 full-
time retail employees (Census of Retail Distribution 1933).

That each Retail Trading Area contains at least one or more
warehouse or wholesaler and by a recognized source of sup-
ply for its surrounding territory.

PRIMARY AND SECONDARY TRADING AREAS

* « «

Retail trading areas arej for the purpose of this studyj
divided into two classifications — Primary and Secondary.

A Primary Retail Trading Area is one that qualifies as such
when all factors^ including the two special N.R.A. factors^ are ap-
plied. Such Primary Areas may include one or more Secondary Retail
Trading Areas. These boundaries are drawn as a solid line on the
maps (See Legend on Maps).

A Secondary Retail Trading Area (Qualifies by all except the
two special N.R.A. factors and is outlined on the maps with a dot-
ted line.

This study designates 372 Primary Retail Trading Areas and
368 Secondary Retail Trading Areas.

For control purposes we are concerned only with Primary Re-
tail Trading 'Areas. However j should the volume of commerce so in-
crease as to raise the number of retail full-time employees in a
Secondary Area to 2jOCG - or should such an area become of greater
importance as a warehousing and distributing po-int - it could then
be given "Primary" status.

MULTIPLE TRADING MARKETS AND

THEIR DISTRICT CENTERS

* » .«

There are lO *Multiple Trading Centers in the United States.
These multiple markets present a special problem because in every
instance they include cities of tent imes larger than some of the Pri-
mary Trading Centers in other sections of the country. For instancoj
Newarkj New Jersey lies within the New York City trading area and
yet is a larger commercial center and distributive point than is
Portlandj Maine. Such centers as Newark are treated as District
Centers of the Multiple Trading Market andj in realityj differ from
Principal Trading Centers only insofar as their unusual location
places them under the powerful influence of an exceptionally large
metropolitan center.

TBE SPECIFIC PROCESS OF
DELINEATING TRADE AREAS

X X «

Trade area boundaries are necessarily approximations. The
complexity of competitionj the general nature of some of the deter-
minating factors used and the dictates of practical use make arbi-
trary refinement beyond a certain point impractical.

NeverthelesSj an unbiased approximation of trade area bound-
aries will supply a far better control basis than the present major
or minor political divisions.

Our maps show Retail Trade Area boundaries at the farthest
points from which the consumer is in the habit of coming to the
Primary Trading Center for merchandise. Likewise they show Wholesale
Trade Area boundaries at the farthest points from which merchants
come to that city within the area which contains the greatest dis-
tributive facilit ies and t he largest and most varied stocks of mer-
chandise.

As dejign«t»d in "The Trading Area System of Sales Control", - (Araarketing
atlas of the United States) - published by International Magazine Company I93I.

In approaching the problems of actually drawing the border
lines many "flow of trade" factors are examined comparatively for
every section of the country. Their effect on commerce is then
graphically plotted on maps. The actual delineation of the bound-
ary line is then a matter of impartialj experienced judgment.

The factors used can be grouped under four general head-
ings :

Physical and geographic features

Mountain rangesj deserts^ lakes and waterways must be care-
fully considered and their effect on the flow of trade thorough —
ly understood before accurate boundaries can be drawn. For example^
in Eastern Pennsylvania there are complete units of territory hem.-
med in by mountain ridges. Transportation lines can enter such
Trading Areas only through certain narrow valleys. Consequently
these mountain ridges determine the directions in which people and
goods move.

Other similar factors which must be given their proper value
in the selection of trade centers and the determination of the ex-
tent of their influence are placement of cities and townSj climate
and natural resources and historical background.

Population, Families and Home Ownership

In selecting trade area Centers a city with a smaller pop-
ulation than another was sometimes chosen. While population fig-
ures are highly informative they do not tell the whole story^ for
they do not take into account the density of populationj difference
in standards of living or buying habits of the populace. Numerous
factorSj examined in con junction with population figureSj determine
the selection of the dominant Centers.

The number of families and homeSj the extent of homeowner-
ship and the educationalj resortj amusement and residential advan-
tages ore indicative of the general character of a center and its
consequent importance in relation to other competing communities.

Transportation, Communication
and Distributive Facilities

Frequently a town located between two rival trade centers

may belong in the trading area of the more distant trading center

because of longer established or more convenient transportation

facilities — the distance in time being less than the distance in

miles. Consequently all lines and schedules of transportation

must be carefully studied.

The drift of trade from the smaller to the larger centeTj
withasmaller backflow to the smaller townSj has been greatly ac-
centuated by the hundreds of thousands of miles of new roadSj the
thousands of new bus lines and the tremenduous increase in travel
in privately owned automobiles. ThuSj transportation's new facil-
ities exert an ever increasing influence on the map of commerce.

After transportation^ communication is checked. Telephone
exchanges and their connecting lines are also considered. The lo-
cation of newspapers j andthe extent of t heir circulation in adjoin-
ing territory; the jobbing operations in all trades and the range
of retail store delivery by large and small merchandising concerns
is carefully analyzed.

Volume of Business , Wealth and
Standard of Living

Such factors include volume of retail and wholesale businesSj

the number of full and part time employees retail and wholesalej bank

depositSj savings accountSj car ownershipj distribution of income^

buying customs and trade tendencies.

From a marketing viewpointj the Standard of Living is of
fundemental importance. The poor cannot buy sterling silverwarej
electric rangeSj oil burnerSj and golf club memberships nor can pri-
vate yachts and aeroplanes be sold to people inmoderate circum —
stances. Consequent lyj the fact or of wealth must always be considered
in con junct ion with the dist r ibut ion of t hat wealthy and the stan-
dard of living in the community.

Boundary lines arsj thereforej a compromisG or an average
of all the factors which apply to peoplej buying power^ standards
of livingj educational and amusement facilitieSj volume of business^
strategic location and buying habits. They represent the nearest
possible delineation of areas and as such provide a workable basis
for economy of control.

Trade for the most part ignores political boundary lines.
To cite just a few exampleSj the Northwestern Counties of Illinois
are dominated by the Iowa cities of Dubuquej Clinton and Davenportj
the 16 counties in the Southwestern part of Illinois properly belong
in the Missouri trading area of St. Louis. ProvidencOj Rhode Islandj
attracts trade from the cities in Massachusetts and Connecticut.
Chattanoogoj Tennesseej pulls consumer trade from four counties in
Georgia.

Whenever a decisive boundary line could not be immediately
drawnj we have had available for references the results of question-
naires sent by large publishing houses to thousands of their sub-
scribers located in these conflicting areas. This combined local
opinion analyzed in the lig ht of other special regional studies
provided a basis for alloting conflicting portions of territory to
that adjacent trading area which dominates the doubtful section.

R. A. Dier
Research and Planning

SUMMAR I ES

* * ♦

UNITED STATES SUMMARY OF
PRIMARY AND SECONDARY TRADE AREAS
BY BRANCH DISTRICTS

.« «r « X

SUMMARY OF PRIMARY AMD SECONDARY TRADING AREAS
BY BRANCH DISTRICTS

NUMBER OF

BRANCH DISTRICT

PRIMARY

SECONDARY

NUMBER

FEDERAL RESERVE CITY

TRADING CENTERS

TRAD 1 NG CENTERS

61-0

Boston

Ofe-l

. New York City

02-2

Buffalo

03-0

Philadelphia

04-1

Cleveland

04-2

Pittsburgh

04-3

Cincinnati

05-1

Richmond

0 5-2

Bait Inore

05-3

Charlotte

06-1

Atlanta

06-2

Nashville

06-3

BlrBlnghan

0 6-4

New Orleans

06-5

Jacksonville

07-1

Chicago

0 7-2

Detroit

08-1

St. Louis

08-2

Louisville

08-3

Memphis

08-4

Little Rock

09-1

Minneapolis

0 9-2

Helena

Kansas City

10-2

Omaha

10-3

Denver

10-4

Oklahoma City

11-1

Dallas

11-2

Houston

11-3

San Antonio

11-4

El Paso

12-1

San Francisco

12-2

Seattle

12-3

Spokane

12-4

Portland

12-5

Salt Lake City

12-6

Los Angeles

TOTALS 372

268

COMPOSITION OF BRANCH DISTRICTS

BY PRIMARY AND SECONDARY TRADE AREAS

« .«.« « *

BRAUCE DISTRICT oi~o

AREA NUMBER
01-0-01

01-0-02
01-0-03
01-0-0*
0 1-0-05
01-0-06
01-0-07
01-0-08
01-0-09
01-0-10
01-0-11
01-0- 12

01-0-13
01.0-m

01-0- IS

01-0-16
01-0-17
01-0.18
0 1-0-19
01-0-20
01-0-21

01-0- 21

01-0-23

01-0-2*
01-0- 25
01-0-26
01- 0- 2 7

01-0- 28
01-0- 29

PRIMARY TRADING CENTERS

Boston, Mass,

SECONDARY TRADING CENTERS

Haverhill, Mass
Lawrence , Mass .
Lowell, Mass

Fltchburg, Mass.

Greenfield, Mass.

Plttsrield, Mass.

Holyoke, Mass.

Worcester, Mass

Sprlngiield, Mass.

Brockton, Mass.

Fall River, Mass.

New Bedford, Mass.

Newport , R.I.

Provldence-Pawtucket , R.I. Including;

E . Providence , R.I.

N . Providence , R.I.
Woonsocke t , R.I.
Hartford, Conn.

Brattleboro, Vt.
M. Adams, Mass.

Waterbury, Conn.
New Haven, Conn.
New London, Conn.
Rutland, Vt.
Keene , N. H .
Manchester, N.H.
Concord, N.H.

Rochester, N.H.
Barre-Burllngton, Vt,

St. Johnsbury, Vt.
Portland, Maine
Lewis ton-Auburn, Maine
Augusta, Maine

Bangor, Maine
Houlton, Maine

New Britain,
Wllllmantlc,

Conn.
Conn .

Meriden, Conn.
Norwich, Conn.
Bennington, Vt.

Nashua, N.H.
Laconia, N.H.
Lebanon, N.H.

Dover , N.H.
Plymouth, N.H.

St. Albans, Vt.
Montpeller , Vt .

Berlin, N.H.

Waterville, Maine
Rockland, Maine

AREA NUMBER

0 2-1-01
02-1-02
02-1-03
02-1-0*
02-1-05
0 2-1-06
02-1-07

02-1-08
02-1-09
02-1-10
0 2-1-11
0 2-1-12
02-1-13
02-1-1*
0 2-1-15

BRAUCE DISTRICT 02-1

* « « »

SECONDARY TRADING CcNTERS

PRIMARY TRADING CENTERS

New Tork, N.Y.
Ithaca, N.Y.
Watertown, N.T.
Malone, N.Y.
Plattsburg, N.Y.
Syracuse , N.Y.
Utica, N.Y.

Gloversvllle , N.Y.
Schnectady, N.Y.
Glens Falls, N.Y.
Auburn, N.Y.
Albany, N.Y.
Troy, N.Y.
Elmlra, N.Y.
Blnghamton, N.Y.

Dover, Del.

Ogdensburg, N.Y.

Oswego, N.Y.

Rome, N.Y.

Little Falls, N.Y,

Corning, N.Y.
One onta , N.Y.

02-1-16
02-1-17
02-1-18
0 2-1-19
02-1- 20
02-1-21
0 2-1-22

Kingston, N.Y.
Poughkeepsle , N.Y.
Mlddletown, N.Y.
Danbury, Conn.
Bridgeport, Conn.
Norwalk, Conn.
Long Branch-Asbury

Newburgh, N.Y.

Park., N.J.

BRANCH DISTRICT oa-a

AREA NUMBER

02-2-01
02- 2-02
02- 2-03
02-2-04

PRIMARY TRADING CENTERS

Buffalo, N.
Roches ter ,
Janes town ,
Olean, N.Y.

SECONDARY TRADING CENTERS

Hornell, N.Y.
Bradford, Pa.

BRANCH DISTRICT 03-0

AREA NUMBER

03-0-01
03-0-03
03-0-0*
03-0-05
03-0-06
03-0-07
O3-O-O8
03-0-09

03-0-10

03-0-11
03-0-12
03-0-13
03-0-11*
03-0-15
03-0-15
03-0-17
03-0- 18

PRIMARY TRADING CENTERS

SECONDARY TRADING CENTERS

Phlladelptila, Pa. -Camden, N.J.
Atlantic City, N.J.
Wilmington, Del.
Lancaster, Pa.
Trenton, N.J.
Easton-Phlll ipsburg , Pa.
Allentown, Pa.
Reading, Pa.

Harrlsburg, Pa,

York., Pa.
Lewlstown, Pa.
Al toona , Pa .
Will lamspor t , Pa ,
Sunbury, Pa.
Hazleton, Pa.
WllKes-Barr e , Pa.
Scranton, Pa.

Bathlebem, Pa.
Pottsvllle, Pa.
Pottstown, Pa.
Lebanon, Pa.
Carlisle, Pa.
Chambersburg, Pa.

Huntingdon, Pa.

Lock Haven, Pa.
Shamokln, Pa.
Hationoy City, Pa.

Carbondale, Pa.

BRANCH DISTRICT 04-1

AREA NUMBER

OH- 1-01
0'*-l-02
0H-1-03
OH-l-Oi*
»H-l-05
0H-1-06
OH-l- 07
OH-l-OS
04-1-09
04-1-10
04-1-11
04-1-12

PRIMARY TRADING CENTERS

Cleveland, Ohio
Ashtabula, Ohio
Youngstown, Ohio
Akron, Ohio
Sandusky, Ohio
Toledo, Ohio
Lima, Ohio
Mansfield, Ohio
Canton , Ohl 0
Steubenvllle , Ohio
Zane svl 11 e , Ohl 0
Columbus, Ohio

SECONDARY TRADING CENTERS

Flndlay, Ohio
Marlon, Ohio
Alliance, Ohio
E. Liverpool, Ohio

Newark, Ohio
Lancaster, Ohio
Washington Court

House, OhlO)

AREA NUMBER

04-2-01
Ot- 2-02
Ot- 2-03
C*- 2-0'*

0<i- 2-05
04-2-06

04- 2-07
04-2-08
04-2-09
04-2-10
04-2-11
04-2-12

BRANCH DISTRICT 04-2

Jit « 4r
PRIMARY TRADING CENTERS SECONDARY TRADING CENTERS

Pittsburgh, Pa.
Erie, Pa.
Warren, Pa.
New Castle, Pa.

Oil City, Pa.
Du Bols , Pa.

Butler, Pa.
Johnstown, Pa.
Wheeling, W.Va.
Washington, Pa.
Unlontown, Pa.
Connellsville , Pa.

Sharon, Pa.
Meadsvl lie , Pa.

Rldgway, Pa.
St. Marys, Pa.
Clearfield, Pa.
Klttannlng, Pa.
Indiana, Pa.

AREA NUMBER
04-3-01

04-3-02

04-3-03
04- 3-04

04-3-05

BRANCH DISTRICT 04-3

* * *

PRIMARY TRADING CENTERS

SECONDARY TRADING CENTERS

Clnc innatl , 0 .-Cov ington, Ky . Hamilton, Ohio

1; ays VI lie , Ky .

Bay ton , Ohl 0

Springfield, Ohio
Portsmouth, Ohio

Marietta, Ohio

Greens vllle, Ohio
Plqua, Ohio

Chllllcothe, Ohio
Ashland, Ohio

Athens, Ohio

BRANCH DISTRICT 05-1

AREA NUMBER

O5-I-OI
05- 1-02
05-1-03
05-1-04
05-1-05

O5-I-O6
05-1-07
05-1-08
05-1-09
05-1-10
05-1-11
05-1-12

05-1-13
05-1-14

05-1-15

05-1-16
05-1-17

PRIMARY TRADING CENTERS

Richmond, Va.
Huntington, W.Va.
Charleston, W.Va.
Covington, Va.
Staunton, Va.

Bluefleld, W.Va.
Bristol , Tenn.
Roanoke, Va.
Danville, Va.
Lynchburg, Va.
Petersburg, Va.
Norfolk, Va. including;

Portsmouth

Newport News

South Norfolk.

Hampton
Durham, N.C.

Raleigh, N,
Goldsbor 0,

N.C.

Washington,
Wilmington, N.C.

SECONDARY TRADING CENTERS

Fredericksburg, Va.
Logan, W.Va.
Beckley, W.Va.

Charlottesville, Va.
Harrisonburg, Va.

Henderson, N.C.
Fay e t tesvllle , N. c ,
Klnston, N.C.
Greenvlll e , N.C.
Wilson, N.C.
Rocky Mount, N.C.
Elizabeth City, N.C
New Bern , N.C.

BRANCH DISTRICT 05-2

« « «

AREA NUMBER PRIMARY TRADING CENTERS SECONOARr TRADING CENTERS

05-2-01 Baltimore, Md.
05-2-02 Parkersburg, W.Va.

05-2-03 Clartsburg, W.Va. Elklna, W.Va.

Grafton, W.Va.

05-2-o^ Fairmont, W.Va, Morgantown, W.Va.

05-2-05 Cumberland, Md .

05-2-06 Winchester, Va. Martlnsburg, W.Va.

05-2-07 Hagerstown, Md. Frederick, Md .

05-2-O8 Washington, D.C.

05-2-09 Salisbury, Md. Cambridge, Md .

BRANCH DISTRICT 05-3

« « «

AREA NUMBER PRIMARY TRADING CENTERS SECONDARY TRADING CENTERS

05-3-01 Charlotte, N.C. Statesvllle, N.C.

Salisbury, N.C.
05-3-02 Ashevllle, N.C.
05-3-03 Wins ton- Salem, N.C.
05-3-04 Greensboro, N.C.
05-3-05 Greenville, S.C. Anderson, S.C.

Spartanburg, S.C.

Greenwood, S.C.

05-3-06 Columbia, S.C. Rock Hill, S.C.

Sumter, S.C.

Orangeburg, S.C.
05_3_07 Florence, S.C.

05-3-08 Charleston, S.C. Georgetown, S.C.

BRANCH DISTRICT 06-1

JT « 4r
AREA NUMBER PRIMARY TRADING CENTERS SECONDARY TRADING CENTERS

06-1-01 Atlanta, Ca. Rome, Ga.

Griffin, Ga.

06-1-02 Athens, Ga. Gainesville, Ga.

06-1-03 Lagrange, Ga. Opellka, Ga.

06-1-04 Macon, Ga. Dublin, Ga.

06-I-05 Augusta, Ga.

06-I-06 Columbus, Ga.

06-I-07 Savannah, Ga.

06-1-O8 Albany, Ga. Amerlcus, Ga.

Cordele, Ga.

Fitzgerald, Ga.

06-I-09 Waycross, Ga. Brunswick, Ga.

BRANCH DISTRICT 06-2
* * *

AREA NUMBER PRIMARY TRADING CENTERS SECONDARY TRADING CENTERS

06-2-01 Nashville, Tenn Clarksvllle, Tenn.

Murf reesbor 0 , Tenn.

Columbia, Tenn.
06-2-02 Chattanooga, Tenn.
06-2-03 Knoivllle, Tenn.
06-2-04 Johnson City, Tenn. Morrlstown, Tenn.

BRANCH DISTRICT 06-3

AREA IIUM8ER
06-3-01

06-3-02

06-3-03
06- 3-04

* * *
PRIMARY TRADING CENTERS

Birmingham, Ala.

Decatur, Ala.

Montgomery, Ala,
Pensacola, Fla.

SECOHOARY TRADING CENTERS

Gadsden, Ala.
Annlston, Ala.
Tuscaloosa, Ala.

Florence , Ala.
Huntsvllle, Ala.

Selma, Ala.
Troy, Ala.

BRANCH DISTRICT 06-4

* * *

AREA NUMBER PRIMARY TRADING CENTERS

06-4-01 New Orleans, La.

06-4-02 Baton Rouge, La.

06-4-03 Lake Charles, La.

06-4-04 Alexandria, La.

06-4-05 Natchez, Miss

06-4-06 Vlcskburg , Miss.

06-4-07 Jackson, Miss-

06-4-O8 Meridian, Miss.

06-4-09 Hattlesburg, Miss.

06-4-10 Mobile, Ala.

SECONDARY TRADING CENTERS

McComb, Miss.

Guir Port & Blloxi, Miss

AREA NUMBER

06-5-01

06-5-02
06- 5-03

06- 5-04
06-5-05
06-5-06
06-5-07
O6-5-O8
06- 5-09
06-5-10

BRANCH DISTRICT 06-5

* * *

PRIMARY TRADING CENTERS

Jacksonville, Fla.

Dothan, Ala.
Valdosta, Ga.

Tallahassee, Fla.

Daytona, Fla.

Orlando, Fla.

St. Petersburg, Fla.

Tampa, Fla.

West Palm Beach, Fla.

Miami, Fla.

SECONDARY TRADING CENTERS

Gainesville, Fla.
Ooala, Fla.

Thoraasvllle, Ga,
Balnbrldge, Ga.

Key West, Fla.

AREA NUMBER

07-1-01
07-1-02
07-1-03
0 7-1-04
07-1-05
07-1-06
07-1-07
07-1-08
07-1-09
07-1-10
07-1-11

BRANCH DISTRICT oj-i

* * *

PRIMARY TRADING CENTERS

Chicago, 111.
Sioux City, la.
Fort Dodge, la.
Mason City, la.
Wa terl 00 , la.
La Crosse , Wis .
Apple ton. Wis .
Green Bay, Wis.
Des Moines, la.
Marshalltown , la.
Cedar Rapids, la.

SECONDARY TRADING CENTERS

Stevens Point, Wis.
Marinette-Menominee, Wis
Cres ton , la .

Iowa Ci ty , la .

0 7-1-12

DuDuque, la.

07-1-13

Clinton, la.

0 7-1-lH

Rockrord, 111.

0 7-1-15

Madison. Wis.

07-1-16

Osbliosh, wis

07-1-17

Sheboygan, Wis.

07-1-18

Milwaukee, Wis.

07-1-19

Racine, Wis.

07-1-20

Kenosha, Wis.

07-1-21

Ottunwa, la.

0 7-1-22

Keokuk. la.

0 7-1-23

Burlington, la.

0 7-1- 21*

Quad Cities, in

07-1-25
07-1- 26
07-1-27
07-1-28
07-1-29
07-1-30

07-1-31
07-1-32

07-1-33
0 7- l-3'»
07-1-35
07-1-36
07-1-37

07-1-38
07-1-39
07-1-fO
07-1-m
07-1-42

07-1-H3
07-l-'t'»

07-1-H5

07-1-46
07-1-47
07-1-48
07-1-49
07-1-50

Including;

Davenport, la.

Rock Island, 111.

Mollne, 111,

E. Mollne, 111.
Calesburg, 111.
Peoria, 111.
La Salle-peru, 111.
Elgin, 111.
Aurora, 111.
Jollet, 111.
Bloomlngton, 111.
Springfield, 111.
Decatur, 111.
Cnampaign-Urbana, 111.
Danville, 111.
Petoskey, Mich.
Cadillac, Mich.

Greater Muskegon, Mich.
Grand Rapids, Mich.
Kalamazoo, Mich.
Battle Creek, Mich.
South Bend. Ind.

Fort Mayne , Ind.
Marlon, Ind.

La Fayette, Ind,

Munc le , Ind .
Richmond, Ind.
Indianapolis, Ind.
Terre-Haute, Ind.
Fond Du Lac, Wis.

Janesvllle, wis,
Freeport, 111.

Manitowoc, Wis.

Oskaloosa, la.
Centervllle, la.

Kenanee, 111.
Streator, 111.

Kankakee, 111,

Traverse City, Mich.
Manistee, Mich.

Elkhart, Ind.
Michigan City, Ind.

Wabash, Ind.
Peru, Ind.
KokoBO, Ind.

Logansport, Ind.
Frankfort, Ind.
Crawf ordsvllle , Ind.
Anderson, Ind.

Branch District 07-2

AREA NUMBER
0 7-2-01

07-2-0 2
07- 2-03
0 7-2-04
07-2-05
07-2-06
0 7-2-07

PRIM ART TRADING

Detroit, Mich.

Bay City, Mich.
Saginaw, Mich.
Flint, Mich.
Lansing, Mich.
Jackson, Mich.
Pontlac, Mich.

* * *

CENTERS

SECONDARY TRADING CENTERS

Ann Arbor, Mich.
Adrian, Mich.
Port Huron, Mich.

BRANCH DISTRICT 08-1

* in *
AREA NUMBER PRIMARY TRADING CENTERS SECONDARY TRADING CENTERS

08-1-01 St. Louis, Mo. Cape Girardeau, Mo.

08-1-02 Moberly, Mo. Klrksviiie, Mo.

Hanibal, Mo,

O8-I-03 Qulncy, 111.

OB-i-ot Springfield, Mo.

BRANCH DISTRICT 08-2

* * *

AREA NUMBER PRIMARY TRADING CENTERS SECONDARY TRADING CENTERS

08-2-01 Louisville, Ky. - Bowling Green, Ky .

Madison, Ind.

08-2-02 Vlncennes, Ind. Bedford, Ind.

O8-2-03 Mt. Vernon, 111. Marlon, 111.

08-2-04 Evansvllle, Ind. Owensboro, Ky.

Hopklnsville , Ky .

O8-2-05 Lexington, Ky. Frankfort, Ky .

Winchester, Ky .

Danville, Ky .

Hazard , Ky .

Somerset, Ky .

Mlddlesboro, Ky .
O8-2-O6 Paducah, Ky .
08-2-07 Cairo, 111.

BRANCH DISTRICT 08-3

* * *

AREA NUMBER PRIMARY TRADING CENTERS SECONDARY TRADING CENTERS

08-1-01 Mempbls, Tenn. Helena, Ark.

08-3-02 Jackson, Tenn. Corinth, Miss.

O8-3-03 Greenwood, Miss. Clarksdale, Miss.

Greenville , Miss .

08-3-0'* Columbus, Miss. Tupelo, Miss.

BRANCH DISTRICT 08-4

* * *

AREA NUMBER PRIMARY TRADING CENTERS SECONDARY TRADING CENTERS

08-4-01 Little Rock, Ark. Batesvllle, Ark.

Hot Springs, Ark
Searcy, Ark.

08-4-02 Fort Smith, Ark. Faye ttevllle , Ark.

Russellville , Ark .

O8-4-03 Jonesboro, Ark. Paragould, Ark.

08-4-04 Pine Bluff, Ark.
08-4-05 El Dorado, Ark.

BRANCH DISTRICT og-i

AREA NUMBER PRIMARY TRADING ce»Te«S SECONDARY TRADING CENTERS

09-1-01 Minneapolis, Minn.

09-1-02 Minot, N.D. Williston, N.D.

09-I-03 Grand Forks, K.D. Devils Lake, N.D.

09-l-o^ Duluth, Minn. Hibblng, Minn.

09-1-05 Mandan, N.D. Dickinson, N.D.

09-1-06 Jamestown, N.D. Valley City, N.D.

Bismarck, N.D.

09-1-07 Fargo, N.D. Fergus Falls, Minn.

09-1-08 St. Cloud, Minn. Bralnerd, Minn.

09-1-09 Superior, wis. Ashland, wis.

09-1-10 Calume t-Laurlum , Mich. Marquette, Mich.

09-1-11 Ironwood, Mich. Iron Monntaln, Mich.

09-1-12 Escanaba, Mich. Saulte Ste Matle, Mich.

09-1-13 Rapid City, S.D. Deadwood, S.D.

og-l-ii* Huron, S.D. Pierre, S.D.

09-1-15 Mitchell, S.D.

09-1-16 Sioux Falls, S.D. Yankton, S.D.

09-1-17 Mankato, Minn. Albert Lea, Minn.

09-1-18 3t. Paul, Minn. Rochester, Minn.

09-1-19 Winona, Minn.

09-1-20 Eau Claire, Wis.

09-1-21 Wausau, Wis.

09-1-22 Aberdeen, S.D.

09-1-23 Watertown, S.D. Brookings, S.D.

BRANCH DISTRICT og-s

* * *

AREA NUMBER PRIMARY TRADING CENTERS SECONDARY TRADING CENTERS

09-2-01 Bozeman, Mont. Helena, Mont.

09-2-02 Butte, Mont. Missoula, Mont.

Dillon, Mont.

09-2-03 Great Falls, Mont. Kallspell, Mont.

Havre, Mont.

09-2-OH Billings, Mont. Lewlstown, Mont.

BRANCH DISTRICT 10-1

* * *

AREA NUMBER PRIMARY TRADING CENTERS SECONDARY TRADING CENTERS

10-1-01 Kansas City, Kans.,Mo. Leavenworth, Kans.
10-1-02 St, Joseph, Mo. Chllllcothe, Mo.

Atchison , Mo .
10-1-03 Manhattan, Kans.
lO-i-OH Sallna, Kans.
1O-I-05 Topeka, Kans. Lawrence, Kans.

Ottawa, Kans.
10-1-06 Sedalla, Mo.

10-1-07 Jefferson City, Mo. Columbia, Mo.
10-1-08 Emporia, Kans.
16-I-09 Hutchinson, Kans.
10-1-10 Dodge City, Kans.

10-1-11 Wichita, Kans. Arkansas City, Kans.

10-1-12 Fort Scott, Kans. lola, Kans.

10-1-13 Pittsburg, Kans
lo-i-m Coffeyvllle, Kans. Caanute, Kans.

Pars ons , Kans .

Independence, Kans.

10-1-15 Joplln, Mo. Carthage, Mo.

Miami , Okla.

BRANCH DISTRICT 10-2
* * *

AREA NUMBER PRIMARY TRADING CENTERS SECONDARY TRADING CENTERS

10-2-01 Omaha, Neb. Council Bluffs, la. Atlantic, la.

10-2-02
10-2-03

10- 2-OH
10-2-05

10- 2-06
10-2-07
10- 2-08
10-2-09
10-2-10

Casper, Wyo.
Cheyenne, Wyo.

Scoctsbluf f , Neb.
Grand Island, Neb.

Columbus, Neb.
Lincoln, Neb.
Norrolk, Neb.
Hastings, Neb.
Beatrice, Neb.

Sheridan, Wyo.
Laramie , Wy o .
Rock Springs, Wyo.

North Platte, Neb.
Kearney , Neb .

Fremont, Neb.
Nebraska City, Neb,

ARE A NUMBER

10-3-01

10-3-02

10-3-03
10-3-ot
10-3-05
10-3-06
10-3-07

BRANCH DISTRICT 10-3

* * *

PRIMARY TRADING CENTERS

Denver, Colo.
Boulder, Colo.

Grand Junction, Colo.
Pueblo, Colo.
Colorado Springs, Colo
Albuquerque, N.Mex.
Las Vegas , N.Mex .

SECONDARY TRADING CENTERS

Greeley , Colo .
Fort Collins, Colo.

Durango, Colo.
Trinidad, Colo.

Gallup, N.Mex.
Raton, N.Mex.
Santa Fe , N.Mex.

AREA NUMBER

lO-H-Ol
10-^-02
10-H-03
10-4-04
10-4-05
10-4-06
10-4-07
10-4-08

BRANCH DISTRICT 10-4

* * *

PRIMARY TRADING CENTERS

Oklahoma City, Okla.
Enid, Okla.
Tulsa, Okla.
El Reno, Okla.
Okmulgee , Okla.
Altus, Okla.
Lawton, Okla
Shawnee, Okla.

SECONDARY TRADING CENTERS

Guthrie, Okla.
Ponca City, Okla.
Bar tlesvil le , Okla.

Muskogee , Okla.

Chlckasha, Okla,

Ad a , Okla.

He Alester, Okla.

10-4-09

Ardmore, Okla.

BRANCH DISTRICT ii~i

AREA NUMBER
11-1-01

11-1-0 2

11-1-03
11-1-04

11-1-05
11-1-06
11-1-07
11-1-08
11-1-09
11-1-10
11-1-11

PRIMARY TRADING CENTERS

Dallas, Tex.

Paris, Tex.

Texarfcana, Tex., Ark.
Shreveport, La.

Amar 11 lo , Te x .
Lubbock, Tex.
Wichita Falls, Tex,
Albilene, Tex.
San Angelo, Tex.
Fort Worth, Tex.
Waco, Tex.

SECONDARY TRADING CENTERS

Greenv 1 lie , Tex .
Tyler, Tex.
Corsicana, Tex,

Denison, Tex.
Sherman, Tex.

Hope, Ark .
Marshall, Tex.
Monroe , La.

3r ownwood , Tex ,
Cleburne, Tex.
Temple, Tex.

BRAHCE DISTRICT ii-a

AREA NUMBER
11-2-01

11-2-02
11-2-03

* * ♦
PRIMARY TRADING CENTERS

Houston, Tex.

Galveston, Tei,
Beaumont, Tex.

SECONOART TRADING CENTERS

Palestine, Tex.
Bryan, Tex.
Brenbam, Tex.

AREA NUMBER

11-3-01
11-3-02

11-3-03
ll-3-Of

BRANCB DISTRICT 11-3

* * *

PRIMARY TRADING CENTERS

San Antonio, Tex.
Austin, Tex.
Corpus Chrlstl, Tex.
Brownsville, Tex.

SECONDARY TRADING CENTERS

Laredo, Tex.

AREA NUMBER
11-4-01

ll-*-02

BRAHCE DISTRICT 11-4
* * *

PRI MARY TRAD I NG CENTERS

El Paso, Tex.

Tucson, Ariz.

SECONDARY TRADING CENTERS

Big Spring, Tex.
Rosffell, N.Mex.
Silver City, N.Mex.

Douglas, Ariz.
Nogales, Ariz.

AREA NUMBER

12-1-01
12-1-02
12- 1-03
12-1-04
12-1-05
12-1-06
12-1-07
12-1-08
12-1-09
12-1-10

BRASCE DISTRICT is-i
* * *

PRIMARY TRADING CENTERS

San Francisco, Cal
Medford, Ore.
Chlco, Cal.
Santa Rosa, Cal.
Sacrenento, Cal.
Reno, Nev.
Stockton, Cal.
Fresno, Cal.
Santa Cruz, Cal.
Bakersfleld, Cal.

SECONDARY TRADING CENTERS

Klaaath Falls, Ore.
Marysvllle, Cal.
Eurelia, Cal.

Tonopah, Nev.

AREA NUMBER

12-2-01
12-2-02
12-2-03

BRANCH DISTRICT 12-2

* * *

PRIMARY TRADING CENTERS

Seattle, Wash.
Belllngham, Wash.
Tacoma, Wash.

SECONDARY TRADING CENTERS

Everett, Wash.
Olympla, Wash.
Aberde en-Hoqulac, Wash.

AREA NUMBER

12-3-01
12-3-02

12-3-03
12-3-04

BRANCH DISTRICT 12-3
V * *

PRIMARY TRADING CENTERS

Spokane, Wash.
Wenatchee, Wash.
Lenlston, Idaho
Yakima, Wash.

SECONDARY TRADING CENTERS

Wallace , Idaho
Walla Walla, Wash.

AREA NUMBER

12->»-01
12-4-02
12-4-03

12-*-0'f
12-4-05

BRANCH DISTRICT
* * *

PRIMARY TRADING CENTERS

Portland, Ore,
The Dalles, Ore.
Pendleton, Ore.

Salem Ore.
Eugene, Ore.

ls-4

SECONDARY TRADING CENTERS

Astoria, Ore.
Bend, Ore.
Le Grande, Ore,
Bak.er, Ore.

AREA NUMBER

12-5-01
12-5-02

12-5-03

BRANCH DISTRICT 12-5

* * *

PRIMARY TRADING CENTERS

Salt Lake City, Utah
Boise, Idaho

Pocatello, Idaho

SECONDARY TRADING CENTERS

Elko, Nev,

Idaho Falls, Idaho
Blackfoot, Idaho
Twin Falls, Idaho

12-5-04

12-5-05
12-5-06

Ogden Utah
Provo, Utah
Las Vegas, Nev.

Logan Utah

BRANCH DISTRICT 12-6

AREA NUMBER

12-6-01
12-6-02
12-6-03
12-6-04

12-6-05
1^-6-06

12-6-07

* * *
PRIMARY TRADING CENTERS

Los Angeles, Cal
Santa Barbara, Cal.
San Bernardino, Cal
San Diego, Cal .
Prescott, Ariz..
Phoenix, Ariz.
Globe , Ariz.

SECONDARY TRADING CENTERS

El Centro, Cal,

* * * * *

30-A

TEE HEED FOR TRADE STATISTICS. BY TRADIMG AREAS

TO SUPPLEMENT TRADING AREA MAPS

« « «

Although the trading area system established a sound geographic
basis for efficient and economical administration of the Distribution
CodeSj a supplementary statistical framework is needed to facilitate
the researchj planning and budget operations of Code AuthoritieSj Coda
Administrators and Members of Industry^ as well as the planning work
necessary to effect the consolidation of codes.

This statistical tabulation should present the findings of the
1933 Census of Retail and Wholesale Distribution by trading areas. It
might also include certain pertinent marketing data from other sources
such as the International Magazine Marketing Atlas.

The present Census (which gives totals by townshipSj counties
and states) would be recompiled to give totals by trading areas. The
tables which follow offer a suggestion as to the form in which these
statistics might be compiled. The groupings of the various Census
trade classifications cs shown in the Tables are not intended as a
recommendation for code consolidation but should be as tools

by means of which final consolidation of related groups can be accom-
plished.

TABLE 1

m * *

Summary of Retail Outlets and Sales—Other. Pertinent
Data — by Branch Districts

This serine of Tables presents certain primary
statistical totals taken from the Census of Pop-
ulation^ Census of Retail and Wholesale Distrib-
ution and International Magazine Marketing Atlas.
The territorial composition of the Trading Areas
shown in the last column would provide a basis
for special statistical compilation by Code Au-
thoritiesj individual or private concerns.

■*

- ■«

** »l

5 1

O u

tj «

W E

•»

c* »

■t) C

i -

o O

«i

:»

*-.

k- 1 '^

-c.-^ L n

J°iJ

k B C

t?*^ >-

t-.

r!i

- ^ "^ '

* " ^ r

»-

-- 1 - 5

.*- T o

^ TsZ ~

^ n

•n

El.

"« O

^(i

ifi

a. - w

v^ c

e ^ s

y~ w

= i-

= - -

°^ i ;

o J S

3-T-a t

■?-,-5?

OR a -

w-a^'t

0-, o c

U-

<>.

it.

TABLE II

« « «

Retail Outlets and Sales, by Retail Trading Areas and
Kinds of Business

This series of tables groups the various tYpes
of related retail businesses. Its purpose is
to present the figures of the Census of Retail
Distribution by trading areas instead of by
Statej County or other political divisions.
In addition to its value as a basis for fact
finding in connection with code administration
such a compilation would be of great value in
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OFFICE OF THE NATIONAL RECOVERY ADMINISTRATION
THE DIVISION OF REVIEW

THE WORK OF THE DIVISION OF REVIEW

Executive Order No. 7075, dated June 15, 1935, established the Division of Review of the
National Recovery Administration. The pertinent part of the Executive Order reads thus:

The Division of Review shall assemble, analyze, and report upon the statistical
information and records of experience of the operations of the various trades and
industries heretofore subject to codes of fair competition, shall study the ef-
fects of such codes upon trade, industrial and labor conditions in general, and
ot.ier related matters, shall make available for the protection and promotion of
the public interest an adequate review of the effects of the Administration of
Title I of the National Industrial Recovery Act, and tne principles and policies
put into effect thereunder, and shall otherwise aid the President in carrying out
nis functions under the said Title.

The study sections set up in the Division of Review covered these areas: industry
studies, foreign trade studies, labor studies, trade practice studies, statistical studies,
legal studies, administration studies, miscellaneous studies, and the writing of code his-
tories. The materials which were produced by these sections are indicated below.

Except for the Code Histories, all items mentioned below are scheduled to be in mimeo-
graphed form by April 1, 1936.

THE CODE HISTORIES

The Code Histories are documented accounts of the formation and administration of the
codes. They contain the definition of the industry and the principal products thereof; the
classes of members in the industry; the history of code formation including an account of the
sponsoring organizations, the conferences, negotiations and hearings which were neld, and
the activities in connection with obtaining approval of the code; the history of the ad-
ministration of the code, covering the organization and operation of the code authority,
the difficulties encountered in administration, the extent of compliance or non-compliance,
and the general success or lack of success of the code; and an analysis of the operation of
code provisions dealing with wages, hours, trade practices, and other provisions. These
and other matters are canvassed not only in terms of the materials to be found in the files,
but also in terms of the experiences of the deputies and others concerned with code formation
and administration.

The Code Histories, (including histories of certain NRA units or agencies) are not
mimeographed. They are to be turned over to the Department of Commerce in typewritten form.
All told, approximately eight hundred and fifty (850) histories v/ill be completed. This
number includes all of the approved codes and some of the unapproved codes. (In Work Mate-
rials No_ 18, Contents of Code Histories, will be found the outline which governed the
preparation of Code Histories.)

(In the case of all approved codes and also in the case of some codes not carried to
final approval, there are in NRA files further materials on industries. Particularly worthy
of mention are the Volumes I, II and III which c nstitute the material officially submitted
to the President in support of the recommendation for approval of each code. These volumes
9675—1 .

set forth the origination of the code, the sponsoring group, the evidence advanced to sup-
port the proposal, the report of the Division of Research and Planning on the industry, the
recommendations of the various Advisory Boards, certain types of official correspondence,
the transcript of the formal hearing, and other pertinent matter. There is also much offi-
cial information relating to amendments, interpretations, exemptions, and other rulings. The
materials mentioned in this paragraph were of course not a part of the v/ork of the Division
of Review. )

THE WORK MATERIALS SERIES

In the work of the Division of Review a considerable number of studies and compilations
of data {other than those noted below in the Evidence Studies Series and the Statistical
Materials Series) have been made. These are listed below, grouped according to the char-
acter of the material. (In Work Materials N2_ IZ. Tentative Outlines and Summaries gf
Studies in Process, these materials are fully described) .

Industry Studies

Automobile Industry, An Economic Survey of

Bituminous Coal Industry under Free Competition and Code Regulation, Economic Survey of

Construction Industry and NRA Construction Codes, the

Electrical Manufacturing Industry, The

Fertilizer Industry, The

Fishery Industry and the Fishery Codes

Fishermen and Fishing Craft, Earnings of

Foreign Trade under the National Industrial Recovery Act

Fart A - Competitive Position of the United States in International Trade 1927-29 through
1934.

Part B - Section 3 (e) of NIRA and its administration.

Part C - Imports and Importing under NRA Codes.

Part D - Exports and Exporting under NRA Codes.
Forest Products Industries, Foreign Trade Study of the
Iron and Steel Industry, The
Knitting Industries, The
Leather and Shoe Industries, The

Lumber and Timber Products Industry, Economic Problems of the
Men's Clothing Industry, The
Millinery Industry, The
Motion Picture Industry, The

Migration of Industry, The: The Shift of Twenty-Five Needle Trades From New York State,
1926 to 1934

National Income, A study of.
Paper Industry, The

Production, Prices, Employment and Payrolls in Industry, Agriculture and Railway Trans-
portation, January 1923, to date
Retail Trades Study, The
Rubber Industry Study, The
Statistical Background of NRA

Textile Industry in the United Kingdom, France, Germany, Italy, and Japan
Textile Yarns and Fabrics
Tobacco Industry, The
Wholesale Trades Study, The
9675.

Women's Apparel Industry, Some Aspects of the

Trade Practice Studies

Commodities, Information Concerning: A Study of NRA and Related Experiences in Control
Distribution, Manufacturers' Control of: A Study of Trade Practice Provisions in Selected

NRA Codes
Design Piracy: The Problem and Its Treatment Under NRA Codes
Electrical Mfg. Industry: Price Filing Study
Fertilizer Industry: Price Filing Study

Geographical Price Relations Under Codes of Fair Competition, Control of
Minimum Price Regulation Under Codes of Fair Competition
Multiple Basing Point System in the Lime Industry: Operation of the
Price Control in the Coffee Industry
Price Filing Under NRA Codes

Production Control Under NRA Codes, Some Aspects of.
Resale Price Maintenance Legislation in the United States

Retail Price Cutting, Restriction of, with special Emphasis on The Drug Industry.
Trade Practice Rules of The Federal Trade Commission (1914-1936): A classification for

comparison with Trade Practice Provisions of NRA Codes.

Labor Studies

Employment, Payrolls, Hours, and Wages in 115 Selected Code Industries 1933-1935

Hours and Wages in American Industry

Labor Program Under the National Industrial Recovery Act, The

Part A. Introduction

Part B. Control of Hours and Reemployment

Part C. Control of Wages

Part D. Control of Other Conditions of Employment

Part E. Section 7(a) of the Recovery Act
PRA Census of Employment, June, October, 1933
Puerto Rico Needlework, Homeworkers Survey

Administrative Studies

Administrative and Legal Aspects of Stays, Exemptions and Exceptions, Code Amendments, Con-
ditional Orders of Approval

Administrative Interpretations of NRA Codes

Administrative Law and Procedure under the NIRA

Agreements Under Sections 4(a) and 7(b) of the NIRA ., _

Approved Codes in Industry Groups, Classification of

Basic Code, the — (Administrative Order X-61)

Code Authorities and Their Part in the Administration of the NIRA
Part A. Introduction

Part B. Nature, Composition and Organization of Code Authorities
Part C. Activities of the Code Authorities
Part D. Code Authority Finances
Part C. Summary and Evaluation

9675.

Code Compliance Activities of the NRA

Code Making Program of the NRA in the Territories, The

Code Provisions and Related Subjects, Policy Statements Concerning

Content of NIRA Administrative Legislation

Part A. Executive and Administrative Orders

Part B. Labor Provisions in the Codes

Part C. Trade Practice Provisions in the Codes

Part D. Administrative Provisions in the Codes

Part E. Agreements under Sections 4(a) and 7(b)

Part F. A Type Case: The Cotton Textile Code
Labels Under NRA, A Study of

Model Code and Model Provisions for Codes, Development of
National Recovery Administration, The: A Review and Evaluation of its Organization and

Activities
NRA Insignia

President's Reemployment Agreement, The

President's Reemployment Agreement, Substitutions in Connection with the
Prison Labor Problem under NRA and the Prison Compact, The
Problems of Administration in the Overlapping of Code Definitions of Industries and Trades,

Multiple Code Coverage, Classifying Individual Members of Industries and Trades
Relationship f NRA to Government Contracts and Contracts Involving the Use of Government

Funds
Relationship of NRA with other Federal Agencies
Relationship of NRA with States and Muncipalities
Sheltered Workshops Under NRA
Unpodjfied Industries: A Study of Factors Limiting the Code Making Program

Legal Studies

Anti-Trust Laws and Unfair Competition

Collective Bargaining Agreements, the Right of Individual Employees to Enforce Provisions of

ommerce Clause, Possible Federal Regulation of the Employer-Employee Relationship Under the

Delegation of Power, Certain Phases of the Principle of, with Reference to Federal Industrial
Regulatory Legislation

Enforcement, Extra-Judicial Methods of

Federal Regulation through the Joint Employment of the Power of Taxation and the Spending
Power

Government Contract Provisions as a Means of Establishing Proper Econ mic Standards, Legal
Memorandum on Possibility of

Intrastate Activities Which so Affect Interstate Commerce as to Bring them Under the Com-
merce Clause, Cases on

Legislative Possibilities of the State Constitutions

Post Office and Post Road Power — Can it be Used as a Means of Federal Industrial Regula-
tion?

State Recovery Legislation in Aid of Federal Recovery Legislation History and Analysis

Tariff Rates to Secure Proper Standards of Wages and Hours, the Possibility of Variation in

Trade Practices and the Anti-Trust Laws

Treaty Making Power of the United States

War Power, Can it be Used as a Means of Federal Regulation of Child Labor?

9675.

- V -

THE EViDENCS STUDIES SERIES

The Evidence Studies were originally undertaken to gather material for pending court
cases. After the Schechter decision the project was continued in order to assemble data for
use in connection with the studies of the Division of Review. The data are particularly
concerned with the nature, size and operations of the industry; and with the relation of th9
industry to interstate commerce. The industries covered by the Evidence Studies account for
more than one-half of the total number of workers under codes. The list of these studies
follows:

Automobile Manufacturing Industry

Automotive Parts and Equipment Industry

Baking Industry

Boot and Shoe Manufacturing Industry

Bottled Soft Drink Industry

Builders' Supplies Industry

Canning Industry

Chemical Manufacturing Industry

Cigar Manufacturing Industry

Coat and Suit Industry

Construction Industry

Cotton Garment Industry

Dress Manufacturing Industry

Electrical Contracting Industry

Electrical Manufacturing Industry

Fabricated Metal Products Mfg. Industry and

Metal Finishing and Metal Coating Industry

Fishery Industry

Furniture Manufacturing Industry

General Contractors Industry

Graphic Arts Industry

Gray Iron Foundry Industry

Hosiery Industry

Infant's and Children's Wear Industry

Iron and Steel Industry

Leather Industry

Lumber and Timber Products Industry
Mason Contractors Industry
Men's Clothing Industry
Motion Picture Industry
Motor Vehicle Retailing Trade
Needlework Industry of Puerto Rico
Painting and Paperhanging Industry
Photo Engraving Industry
Plumbing Contracting Industry
Retail Lumber Industry
Retail Trade Industry
Retail Tire and Battery Trade Industry
Rubber Manufacturing Industry
Rubber Tire Manufacturing Industry
Shipbuilding Industry
Silk Textile Industry
Structural Clay Products Industry
Throwing Industry
Trucking Industry
Waste Materials Industry
Wholesale and Retail Food Industry
Waste Materials Industry
Wholesale and Retail Food Industry
Wholesale Fresh Fruit and vegetable Indus-
try
Wool Textile Industry

THE STATISTICAL MATERIALS SERIES

This series is supplementary to the Evidence Studies Series. The reports include data
on establishments, firms, employment, payrolls, wages, hours, production capacities, ship-
ments, sales, consumption, stocks, prices, material costs, failures, exports and imports.
They also include notes on the principal qualifications that should be observed in using the
data, the technical methods employed, and the applicability of the material to the study of
the industries concerned. The following numbers appear in the series:
9675.

- vi -

Asphalt Shingle and Roofing Industry

Business Furniture

Candy Manufacturing Industry

Carpet and Rug Industry

Cement Industry

Cleaning and Dyeing Trade

Coffee Industry

Copper and Brass Mill Products Industry

Cotton Textile Industry

Electrical Manufacturing Industry

9675.

Fertilizer Industry

Funeral Supply Industry

Glass Container Industry

Ice Manufacturing Industry

Knitted Outerwear Industry

Paint, Varnish, and Lacquer, Mfg. Industry

Plumbing Fixtures Industry

Rayon and Synthetic Yarn Producing Industry

Salt Producing Industry

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