The works of Francis Bacon, baron of Verulam, viscount St. Alban, and lord high chancellor of England

L

University of California • Berkeley

Gift of
JOHN A. & CHARLES

STEVENSON

LETTERS, SPEECHES, CHARGES,

ADVICES, &c.

OF

FRANCIS BACON,

LORD VISCOUNT ST. ALBAN,
LORD CHANCELLOR OF ENGLAND;

FIRST PUBLISHED IN THE YEAR 1763,

BY THOMAS BIRCH, D. D.

CHAPLAIN TO HER ROYAL HIGHNESS THE PRINCESS AMELIA,
AND SECRETARY TO THE ROYAL SOCIETY.

THE SECONp EDITION, WITH ADDITIONS.

VOL. VI.

TO THE HONOURABLE

CHARLES YORKE,

ATTORNEY-GENERAL TO HIS MAJESTY.

SIR,

L HE gratitude which I owe you for the ho-
nour and other important advantages of your
friendship, hath often made me wish for an op-
portunity of making you some return, equal, in
any degree, to your merit, and my own obliga-
tions. It was, therefore, a very agreeable in-
cident to me, when, by means of your noble
brother, the Lord Viscount Royston, always at-
tentive to enlarge the fund of history, as well as
to encourage and reward every attempt in favour
of literature in general, there was put into my

DEDICATION.

hands a volume of original papers of the great
Lord Bacon. This volume was, at his Lord-
ship's request, readily intrusted with me by his
Grace ttje Lord Archbishop of Canterbury, whose
zeal for the advancement of useful learning of all
kinds, bears a just proportion to that which he has
shewn in every station, of the church filled by
him, for the support of religion, and for what is
the most perfect system of its principles, laws,
and sanctions — Christianity.

From the long acquaintance with which I have
been favoured by you, and the frequent conver-
sations which we have had upon subjects foreign
to the profession which you so much adorn, I
well knew your high veneration for the writings
of Bacon, and ypur thorough knowledge of the
most abstruse of them. Having, therefore, with
an application little less than that of decyphering,
transcribed from the first draughts, and digested
into order, a collection of his letters, little inferior
in number, and much superior in contents, to
what the world hath hitherto seen, intermixed
with other papers of his of an important nature,
I could not doubt but that the publishing of them

DEDICATION.

would be no less acceptable to you, than, I per-
suade myself, they will be to the public. For it
is scarce to be imagined, but that the bringing to
light, from obscurity and oblivion, the remains of
so eminent a person, will be thought an acquisi- ,
tion not inferior to the discovery (if the ruins of
Herculanum should afford such a treasure) of a
new set of the epistles of Cicero, whom our im-
mortal countryman most remarkably resembled
as an orator, a philosopher, a writer, a lawyer,
and a statesman. The communication of them
to the public appearing to me a duty to it and
the memory of the author, to whom could I, se-
parately from the consideration of all personal
connexions and inducements, so justly present
them, as to him, whom every circumstance of
propriety, and conformity of character, in the
most valuable part of it, pointed out to me for
that purpose ? Similarity of genius; the same
extent of knowledge in the laws of our own and
other countries, enriched and adorned with all the
stores of ancient and modern learning; the same
eloquence at the bar and in the senate ; an equal
force of writing, shewn in a single work indeed,
and composed at a very early age, but decisive of

DEDICATION.

a grand question of law and sanction of govern-
ment, the grounds of which had never before
been stated with due precision ; and the most
successful discharge of the same offices of
King's Council, and Solicitor and Attorney Ge-
neral.

These reasons, Sir, give your name an un-
questionable right to be prefixed to these posthu-
mous pieces. And I hope, while I am perform-
ing this act of justice, I may be excused the am-
bition of preserving my own name, by uniting it
with those of BA£ON and YORKE.

Your delicacy here restrains me from indulging
myself farther in the language which truth and
esteem would dictate. But I must be allowed to
add a wish, in which every good man and lover
of his country will join yvhh me, that as there
now remains but one step for you to complete
that course of public service and glory, in which
you have so closely followed your illustrious fa-
ther, he, happy in the most important circum-
stance of human life, the characters and fortunes
of his children,

DEDICATION.

longo or dine Nati,

Clari omnes patrid pariter Virtute sudque,
may live to see you possessed of that high station,
which himself filled for almost twenty years,
with a reputation superior to all the efforts of envy
or party. Nor is it less to his honour (and may
it be yours at a very distant period), that, though
he thought proper to retire from that station in
the full vigour of his abilities, he still continues to
exert them in a more private situation, for the ge-
neral benefit of his country; enjoying in it the
noblest reward of his services, an unequalled au-
thority, founded on the acknowledged concur-
rence of the greatest capacity, experience, and
integrity.

lam, SIR,

Your most obliged,
And most devoted,
Humble servant,

THOMAS BIRCH.

London, June 1, 1762.

PREFACE.

x\S the reader will undoubtedly have some curio-
sity about the history of the transmission of these pa-
pers, now presented to him at the distance of an
hundred and forty years from the date of most of
them, though the hand of the incomparable writer
is too conspicuous in them to admit of any suspicion
of their genuineness ; it will be proper here to give
him some information upon that subject. Dr. Tho-
mas Tenison is known to have been the editor of thelto-
coniana^ published at London 1679, though he added
only the initial letters of his name to the account of all
the lord Bacon's works (a), subjoined to that collection.
He had been an intimate friend of, and fellow of the
same college (b) with Mr. William Rawley, only son
of Dr. William Rawley, chaplain to the lord chan-
cellor Bacon, and employed by his lordship, as pub-
lisher of most of his works. Dr. Rawley dying in
the 79th year of his age, June the 18th, 1667, near a
year after his son (c) ; his executor, Mr. John Raw-
ley, put into the hands of his friend Dr. Tenison these
papers of lord Bacon, which composed the Baconi-
ana$ and probably, at the same time, presented to
him all the rest of his lordship's manuscripts, which
Dr. Rawley had been possessed of, but did not think

(a) This account is dated Nov. the 30th, 1678.

(b) Benet, in the university of Cambridge.

(c) Who was buried the 3d of July, 1666.

PREFACE.

proper to make public. The reasons of his reserve
appear from Dr. Tenison's account (d) cited above, to
have been, " that he judged some papers touching
" mailers of state to tread too near to the heels of
" truth, and to the times of the persons concerned :
" and that he thought his lordship's letters concerning
" his fall might be injurious to his honour, and cause
" the old wounds of it to bleed anew." But this is a
delicacy, -which, though suitable to the age in which
Dr. Rawley lived, and to the relation, under which
he had stood to his noble patron, ought to have no
force in other times and circumstances, nor ever to be
too much indulged to the prejudice of the rights of
historical truth.

Dr. Tenison being, soon after the publication of
the Baconia?ia, removed from the more private station
of a country living to the vicarage of St. Martin's in
the fields, Westminster, and, after the revolution, ad-
vanced to the bishopric of Lincoln, and at last to the
archbishopric of Canterbury, had scarce leisure, if he
had been inclined, to select more of the papers of his
admired Bacon. These therefore with the rest of his
manuscripts, not already deposited in the library at
Lambeth, were left by him in his last will, dated the
llth of April, 171 5, to his chaplain, Dr. Edmund Gib-
son, then rector of Lambeth, and afterwards succes-
sively bishop of Lincoln and London, and to Mr. (af-
terwards Dr.) Benjamin Ibbot, who had succeeded
Dr. Gibson as library-keeper to his grace. Dr. Ibbot
dying (e] many years before bishop Gibson, the whole

(d) Page 81. («} The 1 1 th of April, 1 725.

PREFACE.

collection of archbishop Tenison's papers came under
the disposition of that bishop, who directed his two
executors, the late Dr. Bettesworth, dean of the
Arches, and his eldest son, George Gibson, Esq. to
deposite them, with the addition of many others of
his own collecting, in the manuscript library at Lam-
beth : and accordingly after his lordship's death,
which happened on the 6th of Sept. 1748, all these
manuscripts were delivered by his said executors to
arcbishop Herring, on the 21st of October of that
year, and placed in the library on the 23d of Febru-
ary following. But as they lay undigested in bundles,
and in that condition were neither convenient for use,
nor secure from damage, his grace the present arch-
bishop directed them to be methodized and bound up
in volumes with proper indexes, which was done by
his learned librarian, Andrew Coltee Ducarel, L. L. D.
Fellow of the royal and antiquarian societies, to
whose knowledge, industry, and love of history and
antiquities, the valuable library of manuscripts of the
archiepiscopal see of Canterbury is highly indebted for
the order, in which it is now arranged ; and by whose
obliging and communicating temper it is rendered
generally useful. Bishop Gibson's collection, includ-
ing what is the chief part of it, that of archbishop
Tenison, fills fourteen large volumes in folio. The
eighth of these consists merely of Lord Bacon's pa-
pers.

Of them principally, the work, which I now offer
the public, is formed ; nor has any paper been admit-
ted into it that had been published before, except two

PREFACE.

of Lord Bacon's letters, which having been disguised
and mutilated in all former impressions, were thought
proper to be reprinted here, together with two other
letters of his lordship ; one on the remarkable case of
Peacham, the other accompanying his present to king
James I. of his Novum Organum. These letters I was
unwilling to omit, because the collection, in which they
have lately appeared, intitled by the very learned and
ingenious editor, Sir David Dalrymple, Bart. Memo-
rials and Letters relating to the History of Britain in
the reign of James the First, published from the Origi-
nals, at Glasgow, 1762, in 8vo. is likely to be^much
less known in England, from the smallness of the
number of printed copies, than it deserves.

The general rule, which I have prescribed myself,
of publishing only what is new, restrained me from
adding those letters written in the earlier part of Mr.
Francis Bacon's life, which I had before published from
the originals, found among the papers of his brother
Anthony, in the Memoirs of the Reign of Queen Eliza-
beth, from the Year 1581 to her death.

The example of the greatest men, in preserving in
their editions of the classics the smallest remains of
their writings, will be a full justification of my industry
in collecting and inserting even the fragments of a
writer equal to the most valuable of the ancients.
Nor will the candid and intelligent object to the least
considerable of the duke of Buckingham's letters,
since they acquire an importance from the rank and
character of the writer, as well as from their carrying

PREFACE.

on the series of his correspondence, acquainting us
with new facts, or ascertaining old ones with addi-
tional evidence and circumstances, and shewing the
extent of that authority and influence, which his situ-
ation, as a favourite, gave him in all parts of the go-
vernment, even as high as the seat of justice itself.

POSTSCRIPT,

RELATING TO THIS SECOND EDITION. k

SINCE the former edition, there came into my
hands, among the collections in print and manu-
script, relating to lord Bacon and his works, made by
the late John Locker, Esq. two letters of Dr.
Tenison, afterwards Archbishop of Canterbury, which
will enable me to give the public full satisfaction,
in what manner that learned divine became possessed
of the Letters, Sfc. of the noble author published
by me.

One of these Letters, the original, written to Mr.
Richard Chiswell, the Bookseller, for whom the
Baconiana had been printed, is as follows :

"SIR, "Decemb. 16, 1632.

a T

1 HAVE now look'd over all the books and papers
fcC in the box. In the books there are copies of
'* Essays, Maxims of law, &c. all printed already :

PREFACE.

" but they contain some things fit to be printed ;
" and they and the letters will make a handsome
" folio ; which I doubt not but will turn to account.
" For the Letters, there are divers of Sir Thomas
" Meauty's, &c< worth nothing : but there are more
" than forty letters to the duke of Buckingham, and
" some of the duke of Buckingham to him.

" There are eight or ten to king James. There
" are three or four to Gondomar, and Gondomar's
" answer to one of them.

" There are two or three letters to bishop Wil-
" liams, and two from him.

" There is lord Bacon's letter to Casaubon in
" Latin.

" There is one essay never printed.
" All which will be well accepted.

" After the holy days I will methodize all, and put
" all letters of the same date together (for as yet
" they are in confusion) and then we will take
" farther resolutions about them. I will get an after-
" noon (if God permit) to see the remaining papers
" in Bartholomew-Close. The Greek MS. will not
" prove much worth. The latter and greater part
" is only a piece of Tzetzes.

" It is necessary that you procure for me Tobie
" Mathew's printed letters, for here are also ten
" of his to lord Bacon; and I know not which they
" are yet printed. Also I shall want a copy of the
" Essays printed in 12mo, 1663, printed for Thomas

PREFACE.

" Palmer, at the Crown in Westminster-Hall, with
" a preface by one Griffith. I have the book ; and
" the preface is mentioned in the title page, but

" is wanting.

" / am your assured friend,

" T. TENISOST.

" If more sheets of Dr. Spencer's are done, pray
send them."

For Mr. Chiswcll, at the Rose and Crown,
in St. Paul's Church-Yard, London.

The other letter, of which I have a copy taken
by the late Richard Rawlinson, LL.D. from bishop
Tanner's manuscripts, in Christ-Church, Oxford,
Vol. XXXV. p. 152, was addressed to archbishop
Sancroft in these terms:

" May it please your Grace.

1 HAVE received your grace's letter touching
cc my course of preaching in Lent, which I shall be
" ready, God assisting me, to do my duty at that
fC time according to my poor talent.

" I did forget on Tuesday to acquaint your grace,
" that I had, by a strange providence, lately found
" out in this town a great many original papers of
" the lord Bacon. When I have looked over them
«c and sorted them, I will be bold to present your
" grace with a catalogue of them. They came to
" me from the executor of the executor of Sir Thomas
" Meautys, who was his lordship's executor. Amongst
" his lordship's papers are letters from king James,
" the queen of Bohemia, count Gondomar, and

PREFACE.

" others. Amongst his lordship's own letters, there
" is one in Latin to Isaac Casaubon.

*Heneagc <c One just now come from my lord Chancellor's *
- <c assured me he was not indeed dead, but just

ham, who , , .

died on the ' ay ing.

datetf this " I am your Grace's most obliged servant,

Decemb. is, 1682. « THO. TENISON."

The reason of the rule, which I prescribed to my-
self in the former edition, of publishing only what
was new, not subsisting in the present, which forms
a part of a complete collection of the author's writings,
I have inserted in it such letters from and to him, as
I had published in 1754 in the Memoirs of the reign
of queen Elizabeth.

London, January 1, 1765.

LETTERS,

LETTERS, &c.

OF

LORD CHANCELLOR BACON,

to

JVIr. FRANCIS BACON to Mr. ROBERT CECIL*. *Fromthe

original
draught in
«$//?, the library

I of Queen's

AM very glad, that the good affection and friend-
Ship, which conversation and familiarity did knit be-
tween us,- is not by absence and intermission of seems
society discontinued ; whicli assureth me, it had a ^of avery
farther root than ordinary acquaintance. The signifi- and L have
cation whereof as it is very welcome to me, so it bcen writ-

11 . ./*' TIT ten to Mr.

malcetti me wish, that, it you have accomplished Rob.cecii,
yourself, as well in the points of virtue and experi- ^^ ^
ence, which you sought by your travel, as you have hi* navels.
won the perfection of the Italian tongue, 1 might
have the contentment to see you again in England,
that we may renew the fruit of our mutual good will ;
which, I may truly affirm, is, on my part, much in-
creased towards you, both by your own demonstra-
tion of kind remembrance, and because I discern the
like affection in your honourable and nearest friends.

Our news are all but in seed ; for our navy is set
forth with happy winds, in token of happy adven-
tures, so as we do but expect and pray, as the hus*
bandman when his corn is in the ground.

Thus commending me to your love, I commend
you to God's preservation.

VOL. VI,

-

Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

* Among
the papers
of Antony
Bacon, Esq.
vol. III.
fol. 74, in
the Lam-
beth li-
brary.

Mr. FRANCIS BACON to the EARL of ESSEX *.
My Lords

I DID almost conjecture by your silence and coun-
tenance a distaste in the course I imparted to your
lordship touching mine own fortune ; the care whereof
in your lordship as it is no news to me, so neverthe-
less the main effects and demonstrations past are so
far from dulling in me the sense of any new, as con-
trariwise every new refresheth the memory of many
past. And for the free and loving advice your lord-
ship hath given me, I cannot correspond to the same
with greater duty, than by assuring your lordship,
that I will not dispose of myself without your allow-
ance, not only because it is the best wisdom in any
man in his own matters, to rest in the wisdom of
a friend (for who can by often looking in the glass
discern and judge so well of his own favour, as
another, with whom he converseth ?) but also be-
cause my affection to your lordship hath made mine
own contentment inseparable from your satisfaction.
But, notwithstanding, I know it will be pleasing to
your good lordship, that I use my liberty of replying ;
and I do almost assure myself, that your lordship
will rest persuaded by the answer of those reasons,
which your lordship vouchsafed to open. They were
two, the one that I should include * * *

1593, April.

TJie rest of the letter is wanting.

Mr. FRANCIS BACON to Sir JOHN PUCKERING,
Lord Keeper of the Great Seal (a).

My Lord,

IT is a great grief unto me, joined with marvel,
that her majesty should retain an hard conceit of my

(<0 Harl. MSS. Vol. 286. No. 129. fol. 232.

Letters, etc, of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

speeches in parliament (a]. It might please her
sacred majesty to think what my end should be in
those speeches, if it were not duty, and duty alone.
1 am not so simple, but I know the common beaten
way to please. And whereas popularity hath been
objected, I muse what care I should take to please
many, that take a course of life to deal with few.
On the other side, her majesty's grace and particular
favour towards me hath been such, as I esteem no
worldly thing above the comfort to enjoy it, except
it be the conscience to deserve it. But if the not
seconding of some particular person's opinion shall
be presumption, and to differ upon the manner shall
be to impeach the end ; it shall teach my devotion
not to exceed wishes, and those in silence. Yet not-
withstanding, to speak vainly as in grief, it may be
her majesty hath discouraged as good a heart, as ever
looked toward her service, and as void of self-love.
And so in more grief than I can well express, and
much more than I can well dissemble, I leave your
lordship, being as ever,

Your lordship^s intirely devoted, 8fc. '

Mr. FRANCIS BACON to Alderman JOHN

SPENCER *. * Among

the papers

Mr. Alderman Spencer, (b) S^SSJ

THOUGH I be ready to yield to any thing for my Y01-11'1- .

, i , . i 7 -,1 Ti * fol. 186, in

brother s sake, so yet he will not, 1 know, expect, no the

nor permit me, that I should do myself wrong. For bethli-

brary.

(«) On Wednesday the 7th of March, 159f, upon the three sub-
sidies demanded of the house of commons ; to which he assented, but
not to the payment of them under six years, urging the necessities
of the people, the danger of raising public discontentment, and the
setting of an evil precedent against themselves and their posterity.
See Sir Simonds D'Ewes's Journals, p. 493. He sat in that parlia-
ment, which met November 19, 1592, and was dissolved 10 April,
J593, as one of the knights of the shire for Middlesex.

(b) Sir John Spencer, lord mayor of London in 1 594-. His vast
fortune came to his only daughter, Elizabeth, married to William,
lord Comptom, created earl of Northampton, in August 1618.

B 2

Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

me, that touch no money, to have a statute hurrying
upon my estate of that greatness, were a thing utterly
unreasonable, and not to be moved, specially, since
your assurance is as good without. There is much
land bought and sold in England, and more intailed
than fee-simple. Bat for a remainder man to join
in seal, I think was never put in practice. For a
time, till your assurance pass, so it pass with con-
venient speed, because of the uncertainty of life, I
am content to enter into one ; looking, nevertheless,
for some present of gratification for my very joining
in conveyance, and much more having yielded to
this. For any warranty or charter, I had had neither
law nor wit, if I should have meant it ; and the re-
forming of the covenant ; and the deed of feoffment,
doth sufficiently witness my intention. Thus bid I
heartily farewell.

Your very loving friend,

Twickenham-Park, FR. BACON.

this 26th of August, 1593.

1593 Sept.

* Among T^e Ear' °f ESSEX to Mr. FRANCIS BACON *.

the papers

of Antony Mr. BaCOH,

Bacon,Esq. yOUR letter met me here yesterday. When I
foi. 197, in Came, I found the queen so wayward, as I thought it
leth \\?~ no fit time to deal with her in any sort, especially
since her choler grew towards myself, wrhich I have
well satisfied this day, and will take the first oppor-
tunity I can to move ye«rsuit. And if you come
hither, I pray you let me know still where you are.
And so being full of business, I must end, wishing
you what you wish to yourself.

Your assured friend,

ESSEX.

Letters y etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

Lord Treasurer BURGHLEY to Mr. FRANCIS *

_ A the papers

BACON*. of Antony

Bacon.Esq.

Nephew, *<*•{«; .

fol. 197, in

I HAVE no leisure to write much ; but for an
swer I have attempted to place you : but her majesty ^
hath required the lord keeper f to give to her the names tnpuckei
of divers lawyers to be preferred, wherewith he made ir
me acquainted, and I did name you as a meet man,
whom his lordship allowed in way of friendship, for
your father's sake : but he made scruple to equal you
with certain, whom he named, as Brograve (a) and
Branthwayt, whom he specially commendeth. But I
will continue the remembrance of you to her majesty,
and implore my lord of Essex's help.

Your loving uncle,

27 Sept. 1593.

N. BURGHLEY.

Sir ROBERT CECIL to Mr. FRANCIS BACON-K t Among

the papers

/^/M/e/w of Antony

^onsM> Bacon.Esq.

ASSURE yourself, that the solicitor's J coming ™* |»j
gave no cause of speech; for it was concerning a <*r«ointke
book to be drawn, concerning the bargain of wines. j£™kelh
If there had been you should have known, or when j Mr. Ed-
there shall. To satisfy your request of making my wardc°ke'
lord know how recommended your desires are to me,
I have spoken with his lordship, who answereth, he
hath done and will do his best. I think your absence
longer than for my good aunt's comfort will do you
no good : for, as I ever told you, it is not likely to find
the queen apt to give an office, when the scruple is

(a) John Brograve, attorney of the duchy of Lancaster, and after-
wards knighted. He is mentioned by Mr. Francis Bacon, in his let-
ter to the lord Treasurer, of 7th June, 1595, from GrayVInn, as
having discharged his post of attorney of the duchy with great suffi-
ciency. There is extant of his, in print, a reading upon the statute of
27 Senary rill, concerning Jointures.

6 Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor 'Bacon.

not removed of her forbearance to speak with you.
This being not yet perfected may stop good, when the
hour comes of conclusion, though it be but a trifle,
and questionless would be straight dispatched, if it
were luckily handled. But herein do I, out of my
desire to satisfy you, use this my opinion, leaving you
to your own better knowledge what hath been done
for you, or in what terms that matter standeth. And
thus, desirous to be recommended to my good aunt,
to whom my wife heartily commends her, 1 leave you
to the protection of Almighty God. From the court
at Windsor, this 27th of September, 1593.

Your loving cousin and friend,

ROBERT CECIL.

I have heard in these causes, Fades hominis est
tanquam Leonis.

1593. Mr. FRANCIS BACON to the QUEEN *,

* Among

the papers ,. .. .

of Antony Madam,

Bacon,Esq. REMEMBERING, that your majesty had been

foi.315, in gracious to. me both in countenancing me, and con-

beto libra- ferring upon me the reversion of a good place, and

T- perceiving, that your majesty had taken some displear

sure towards me, both these were arguments to move

me to offer unto your majesty my service, to the end to

have means to deserve your favour, and to repair my

error. Upon this ground, I affected myself to no

great matter, but only a place of my profession, such

as I do see divers younger in proceeding to myself,

and men of no great note, do without blame aspire

unto. But if any of my friends do press this matter,

I do assure your majesty my spirit is not with them.

It sufficeth me, that I have let your majesty know,
that I am ready to do that for the service, which I ne-
ver would do for mine own gain. And if your ma-
jesty like others better, I shall, with the Lacedemo-
nian, be glad, that there is such choice of abler men
than myself. Your majesty's- favour indeed, and ac-

Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

cess to your royal person, I did ever, encouraged by
your own speeches, seek and desire; and I would be
very glad to be reintegrate in that. But I will not
wrong mine own good mind so much, as to stand
upon that now, when your majesty may conceive, I
do it but to make my profit of it. But my mind
turneth upon other wheels than those of profit. The
conclusion shall be, that I wish your majesty served
answerable to yourself. Principis est virtus maxima
nosse suos. Thus I most humbly crave pardon of my
boldness and plainness. God preserve your majesty.

Mr. FRANCIS BACON to ROBERT KEMP, of

Gray's-Inn, Esq.*. * Among

the papers

Good Robin, of Antony

Bacon.Esq.

THERE is no news you can write to me which I vol. m.
take more pleasure to hear than of your health, and [heLam-0
of your loving remembrance of me; the former beth Hbra-
whereof, though you mention not in your letter, yet ry*
I straight presumed well of it, because your mention
was so fresh to make such a flourish. And it was
afterwards accordingly confirmed by your man Roger,
who made me a particular relation of the former ne-
gociation between your ague and you. Of the latter,
though you profess largely, yet I make more doubt,
because your coming is turned into a sending ; which
when I thought would have been repaired by some
promise or intention of yourself, your man Roger en-
tered into a very subtle distinction to this purpose,
that you could not come, except you heard I was
attorney; but I ascribe that to your man's invention,
who had his reward in laughing ; for I hope you are
not so stately, but that I shall be one to you stylo v€-
-tere or stylo novo. For my fortune (to speak court) it is
very slow, if any thing can be slow to him that is
secure of the event. In short, nothing is done in it;
but I propose to remain here at Twickenham, till
Michaelmas term, then to St. Alban's, and after the
term to court. Advise you, whether you will play the

fc Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

honest man or no. In the mean time I think long to
see you, and pray to be remembered to your father
and mother.

Yours in loping affection,
From Twickenham-Park,

this 4th of Nov. 1593. FR. BACON.

1593, Mr. FRANCIS BACON to the Earl of ESSEX *.

Nov. 10.

* Among My Lord,

of Amo'ny* I THOUGHT it not amiss to inform your lord-
voiTii?q' sk*P °f ^at» which I gather partly by conjecture, and
foi. ess, in partly by advertisement of the late recovered man,
Wthita- tnat *$ so much at your devotion, of whom I have
ry. some cause to think,, that he (a) worketh for the Hud-

dler (b] underhand. And though it may seem strange,
considering how much it importeth him to join
straight with your lordship, in regard both of his ene-
mies and of his ends ; yet I do the less rest secure
upon the conceit, because he is a man likely to trust
so much to his art and finesse (as he, that is an excel-
lent wherryman, who, you know, looketh towards the
bridge, when he pulleth towards Westminster) that
he will hope to serve his turn, and yet to preserve
your lordship's good opinion. This I wTite to the
end, that if your lordship do see nothing to the con-
trary, you may assure him more, or trust him less ;
and chiefly, that your lordship be pleased to sound
again, whether they have not, amongst them, drawn
out the nail which your lordship had driven in for the
negative of the Huddler $ which if they have, it will
be necessary for your lordship to iterate more forcibly
your former reasons, whereof there is such copia, as
I think you may use all the places of logic Against his
placing.

Thus, with my humble thanks for your lordship's
honourable usage of Mr. Standen, I wish you all hq-
noyr.

Your lordship's in most faithful duty,

FR. BACON.

(a) Probably Lord Keeper Puckering. (6) Mr. Edward Coke*

Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

I pray, Sir, let not my jargon privilege my letter from
burning; because it is not such but the light shevveth
through.

Earl of ESSEX to Mr. FRANCIS BACON*.

the papers

orn of Antony

O//I, Baton,Esq.

I HAVE received your letter, and since I have had ™l'mw,\*
opportunity to deal freely with the queen. I have the Lam-
dealt confidently with her as a matter, wherein I did ^hl
more labour to overcome her delays, than that I did
fear her denial. I told her how much you were
thrown c}own with the correction she had already
given you, that she might in that point hold herself
already satisfied. And because I found, that Tanfield
(a) had been most propounded to her, I did most dis-
able him. I find the queen very reserved, staying her-
self upon giving any kind of hope, yet not passionate
against you, till I grew passionate for you. Then she
said, that none thought you fit for the place but my
lord Treasurer and myself. Marry, the others must
some of them say before us for fear or for flattery.
I told her, the most and wisest of her council had
delivered their opinions, and preferred you before all
men for that place. And if it would please her ma-
jesty to think, that whatsoever they said contrary to
their own words when they spake without witness,
might be as factiously spoken, as the other way flat-
teringly, she would not be deceived. Yet if they had
been never for you, but contrarily against you, I
thought my credit, joined with the approbation and
mediation of her greatest counsellors, might prevail
in a greater matter than this ; and urged her, that
though she could not signify her mind to others,
I might have a secret promise, wherein I should re-
ceive great comfort, as in the contrary great unkind-
ness. She said she was neither persuaded nor would
hear of it till Easter, when she might advise with her

(«) Probably Laurence Tanfield, made lord chief baron of the
Exchequer in June 1607.

10 Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

council, who were now all absent ; and therefore in
passion bid me go to bed, if I would talk of nothing
else. Wherefore in passion I went away, saying,
while I was with her I could not but solicit for 'the
cause and the man I so much affected ; and therefore
I would retire,myself till I might be more graciously
heard ; and so we parted. To-morrow I will go
hence of purpose, and on Thursday I will write an
expostulating letter to her. That night or upon Fri-
day morning I will be here again, and follow on the
same course, stirring a discontentment in her, tic.
And so wish you all happiness, and rest

Your most assured friend,

Indorsed, March 28, 1594-.

ESSEX.
* Among The EARL of ESSEX to Mr. FRANCIS BACON*.

the papers

of Antony C77?

Bacon, Esq. OY/T,

fot's^'in * HAVE now spoken with the queen, and I see
the Lam- no stay from obtaining a full resolution of that we
beth hbra- Desire. But the passion she is in by reason of the
tales, that have been told her against Nicholas Clif-
ford, with whom she is in such rage, for a matter,
which I think you have heard of, doth put her infi-
nitely out of quiet; and her passionate humour is
nourished by some foolish women. Else I find no-
thing to distaste us, for she doth not contradict con-
fidently ; which they, that know the minds of women,
say is a sign of yielding. I will to-morrow take more
time to deal with her, and will sweeten her with all
the art I have to make benevolum auditorem. I have

- already spoken with Mr. Vice-chamberlain f ; 2nd
e- wiu to.moiTOW speak with the rest. Of Mr. Vice-
chamberlain you may assure yourself; for so much he
hath faithfully promised me. The exceptions against
the competitors I will use to-morrow ; for then I do
resolve to have a full and large discourse, having pre-
pared the queen to-night to assign me a time under
colour of some such business, as 1 have pretended. In

Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon. \ 1

the mean time I must tell you, that I do not respect
either my absence, or my shewing a discontentment
in going away, for I was received at my return, and
I think I shall not be the worse. And for that I am
oppressed with multitude of letters that are come, of
which I must give the queen some account to-morrow
morning, I therefore desire to be excused for writing
no more to-night : to morrow you shall hear from me
again. I wish you what you wish yourself in this
and all things else, and rest

Your affectionate friend,

This Friday at night,
Indorsed, March 29, 1594-. ESSEX.

Mr. FRANCIS BACON to the EARL of ESSEX*.

tnc
of Antony

Ml) Lord, Bacon.Esq.

vol. III.

I THANK your lordship for your kind and com-
fortable letter, which I hope will be followed at
hand with another of more assurance. And I must
confess this very delay hath gone so near me, as it hath
almost overthrown my health ; for when I revolved
the good memory of my father, the near degree of al-
liance I stand in to my lord Treasurer, your lordship's
signalled and declared favour, the honourable testi-
mony of so many counsellors, the commendations un-
laboured, and in sort offered by my lords the judges
and the master of the rolls elect f; that I was voiced
with great expectation, and, though I say it myself; .
with the wishes of most men, to the higher place J ; + That of
that I am a man, that the queen hath already done attorney
for; and that princes, especially her majesty, love to gen
make an end where they begin : and then add here-
unto the obscureness and many exceptions to my
competitors: when 1 say I revolve all this, I cannot
but conclude with myself, that no man ever read
a more exquisite disgrace; and therefore truly, my
lord, I was determined, if her majesty reject me, this
to do. My nature can take no evil ply ; but I will,
by God's assistance, with this disgrace of my fortune,

12 Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

and yet with that comfort of the good opinion of so
many honourable and worthy persons, retire myself
with a couple of men to Cambridge, and there spend my
Jife in my studies and contemplations without looking
back. I humbly pray your lordship to pardon me for
troubling you with my melancholy. For the matter
itself, I commend it to your love ; only I pray you
communicate afresh this day with my lord Treasurer
and Sir Robert Cecil ; and if you esteem my fortune,
remember the point of precedency. The objections
to my competitors your lordship knoweth partly. I
pray spare them not, not over the queen, but to the
great ones, to shew your confidence, and to work
their distrust. Thus longing exceedingly to exchange
troubling your lordship with serving you, I rest

Your Lordship's,
in most intire and faithful service,

FRANCIS BACON.

I humbly pray your lordship I may hear from you
some time this day.

30th of March, 1594-.

* Among Mr, FRANCIS BACON to Sir ROBERT CECIL *.

the papers

of Antony jj/,, mosf honourable good Cousin,

Eacon.Esq. J

vol. iv. YOUR honour in your wisdom doth well perceive,
ScLam.1" that my access at this time is grown desperate in re-
bcth libra- gar(j of the hard terms, that as well the earl of Essex
as Mr. Vice-chamberlain, who were to have been
the means thereof, stand in with her majesty, accord-
ing to their occasions. And therefore I am only to
stay upon that point of delaying and preserving the
matter intire till a better constellation; which, as it
is not hard, as I conceive, considering the French
business and the instant progress, &c. so I commend
in special to you the care, who in sort assured me
thereof, and upon whom now, in my lord of Essex's
absence, I have only to rely 5 and, if it be needful, I

Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon. 1 3

humbly pray you to move my lord your father to lay
his hand to the same delay. And so I wish you all
increase of honour.

Your Honour's poor kinsman

in faithful service and duty,
From GrayVInn, this 1st of May, 1594. FRANCIS BACON.

Sir ROBERT CECIL'S answer*. *Amon?

the papers

C of Antony

nj/ CJjf
1 > "acon,Esq.

I DO think nothing cut the throat more of ^f'm' in
your present access then the earl's being somewhat the Lam-
troubled at this time. For the delaying I think it j£th Iibra"
not hard, neither shall there want my best endeavour
to make it easy, of which I hope you shall not need
to doubt by the judgment, which I gather of divers
circumstances confirming my opinion. I protest I
suffer with you in mind, that you are thus gravelled;
but time will founder all your competitors, and set
you on your feet, or else I have little understanding.

EARL of ESSEX to Mr. FRANCIS BACON+. t ibid. foi.

122.

SIR,

I WROTE not to you till I had had a second con-
ference with the queen, because the first was spent
only in compliments: she in the beginning ex-
cepted all business: this day she hath seen me again.
After I had followed her humour in talking of those
things, which she would entertain me with, I told her,
in my absence I had written to Sir Robert Cecil, to
solicit her to call you to that place, to which all the
world had named you; and being now here, I must
follow it myself; for I know what service I should
do her in procuring you the place ; and she knew not
how great a comfort I should take in it. Her an-
swer in playing just was, that she came not to me for

14 Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

that, I should talk of those things when I came to
her, not when she came to me ; the term was com-
ing, and she would advice. I would have replied,
but she stopped my mouth. To-morrow, or the next
day I will go to her, and then this excuse will be
taken away. When I know more, you shall hear
more ; and so I end full of pain in my head, which
makes me write thus confusedly.

Your most affectionate friend*
The ^me to the same*.

of Antony
Bacon,Esq.

fo°i.'i23,'in I WENT yesterday to the queen through the galle-
!heuL,a ™- ries in the morning, afternoon, and at night, I had

beth libra- , , . , £ ' r • T i i v

ry. long speech with her or you, wherein 1 urged both

the point of your extraordinary sufficiency proved to
me not only by your last argument, but by the opinion
of all men I spake withal, and the point of mine ow^n
satisfaction, which I protested, should be exceeding
great, if, for all her unkindness and discomforts past,
she should do this one thing for my sake. To the first
she answered, that the greatness of your friends, as
of my lord Treasurer and myself, did make men give
a more favourable testimony than else they would do,
thinking thereby they pleased us. And that she did
acknowledge you had a great wit, and an excellent
gift of speech, and much other good learning. But
in law she rather thought you could make shew to the
uttermost of your knowledge, than that you were
deep. To the second she said, she shewed her mislike
to the suit, as well as I had done my affection in it j
and that if there were a yielding, it was fitter to be of
my side. I then added, that this was an answer, with
which she might deny me all things, if she did not
grant them at the first, which was not her manner to
do. But her majesty had made me suffer and give
\vay in many things else ; which all I should bear,
not only with patience, but with great contentment,
if she would but grant my humble suit in this one.,

Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon. * 5

And for the pretence of the approbation given you
upon partiality, that all the world, lawyers, judges,
and all, could' not be partial to you ; for somewhat
you were crossed for their own interest, and some for
their friends ; but yet all did yield to your merit. She
did in this as she useth in all, went from a denial
to a delay, and said, when the council were all here,
she would think of it; and there was no haste in de-
termining of the place. To which I answered, that
my sad heart had need of hasty comfort ; and there-
fore her majesty must pardon me, if I were hasty and
importunate in it. When they come we shall see
what will be done; and I wish you all happiness,
and rest,

Your most affectionate friend,
Indorsed 18th of May, 1594.

ESSEX.

FOULKEGREVILL, Esq. to Mr. FRANCIS BACON*. * Among

the papers

Mr. Francis Bacon,

^ SATURDAY was my first coming to the court,
from whence I departed again as soon as I had kissed

T 1 TIT IV*

her majesty s hands, because I had no lodging nearer
than my uncle's, which is four miles off. This day
I came thither to dinner, and waiting for to speak
with the queen, took occasion to tell how I met. you,
as I passed through London; and among other
speeches, how you lamented your misfortune to me,
that remained as a withered branch of her roots,
which she had cherished and made to flourish in her
service. I added what I thought of your worth, and
the expectation for all this, that the world had of her
princely goodness towards you: which it pleased her
majesty to confess, that indeed you began to frame
very well, insomuch as she saw an amends in those
little supposed errors, avowing the respect she carried
to the dead, with very exceeding gracious inclination
towards you. Some comparisons there fell out be-
sides, which I leave till we meet, which I hope

beth libra-
ry.

16

* Among
the papers
of Antony
Bacon, Esq.
vol. IV.
fol. 141,
lot>, in the
Lambeth
library.

Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

shall be this week; It pleased her withal to tell of
the jewel you offered her by Mr. Vice-chamberlain,
which she had refused, yet with exceeding praise. I
marvel, that as a prince she should refuse those hav-
ings of her poor subjects, because it did include a
small sentence of despair ; but either I deceive my-
self, or she was resolved to take it ; and the conclu-
sion was very kind and gracious. Sure as I will 1001.
to 501. that you shall be her solicitor, and my friend:
in which mind, and for which mind 1 commend you
to God. From the court this Monday in haste,

Your true friend to be commanded by you,

FOULKE GllEVILL;

We cannot tell whether she come to •

or stay here. lam much absent for want of lodging j
wherein my own man hath only been to blame.

Indorsed 17 June, 159k

Mr. FRANCIS BACON to the QUEEN*.

Most gracious and admirable Sovereign,
AS I do acknowledge a providence of God to*
wards me, that findeth it expedient for me tolerarc
jugum in juventute med ; so this present arrest of mine
by his divine Majesty from your majesty's service is
not the Jeast affliction, that I have proved; and I
hope your majesty doth conceive, that nothing under
mere impossibility could have detained me from earn-
ing so gracious a vail, as it pleased your majesty to
give me. But your majesty's service by the grace of
God shall take no lack thereby; and thanks to God,
it hath lighted upon him, that may be best spared.
Only the discomfort is mine, who nevertheless have
the private comfort, that in the time I have been made
acquainted with this service, it hath been my hap to
stumble upon somewhat unseen, which may import
the same, as I made my lord keeper acquainted before
my going. So leaving it to God to make a good end
of a hard beginning, and most humbly craving your

Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon. 17

majesty's pardon for presuming to trouble you, I re-
commend your sacred majesty to God's tenderest pre-
servation.

Your sacred Majesty's

in most humble obedience and devotion,

From Huntingdon, this FR. BACON.

20th of July, 1594.

Mr. FRANCIS BACON to his Brother ANTONY *. *h^™a°pn4

„- i T> ,7 of Antony

My gOOd Brother, Baeon,Esq.

ONE day draweth on another; and I am well £1.' 197', in
pleased in my being here ; for methinks solitariness the Lam~
collecteth the mind, as shutting the eyes doth the ry.
sight. I pray you therefore advertise me what you
find, by my lord of Essex, (who, I am sure, hath been
with you,) was done last Sunday ; and what he con-
ceiveth of the matter. I hold in one secret, and there-
fore you may trust your servant. I would be glad to
receive my parsonage rent as soon as it cometh.
So leave I you to God's good preservation.

Your ever loving brother,

From Twickenham-park,
this Tuesday morning, 1594-. rR. BACON.

Indorsed 16' Oct. 1594-.

EARL of ESSEX to Mr. FRANCIS BACON +. tibia, foi.

195.

SIR,

I WILL be to-morrow night at London. I pur-
pose to hear your argument the next day. I pray you
send me word by this bearer of the hour, and place,
where it is. Of your own cause I shall give better
account when I see you, than I can do now ; for that
which will be done, will be this afternoon or to-
morrow.

I am fast unto you, as you can be to yourself y

Indorsed 23 Oct. 1 534-. EssEX.

VOL. VI. r.

18 Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

-.FRANCIS BACON to his Brother ANTONY*.
Good Brother,

foi.'™,'in SINCE I saw you this hath passed. Tuesday,
the Lam- though sent for, I saw not the queen. Her majesty al-
j£th " ledged she was then to resolve with the council upon
her places of law. But this resolution was ut supra;
and note the rest of the counsellors were persuaded
she came rather forwards than otherwise ; for against
me she is never peremptory but to my lord of Essex.
I missed a line of my lord keeper's ; but thus much I
hear otherwise. The queen seemeth to apprehend
my travel. Whereupon I was sent for by Sir Robert
Cecil in sort as from her majesty ; himself having of
purpose immediately gone to London to speak with
me ; and not rinding me there, he wrote to me.
Whereupon I came to the court, and upon his rela-
tion to me of her majesty's speeches, I desired leave to
answer it in writing ; not, I said, that I mistrusted his
report, but mine own wit ; the copy of which answer
I send. We parted in kindness secundum exterius.
This copy you must needs return ; for I have no other;
and I wrote this by memory after the original was sent
away. The queen's speech is after this sort. Why ?
I have made no solicitor. Hath any body carried a so-
licitor with him in his pocket f But he must have it in his
own time (as if it were but yesterday's nomination) or
else I must be thought to cast him away : Then her ma-
jesty sweareththus; " If I continue this manner, she
" will seek all England for a solicitor rather than take
" me. Yea, she will send for Heuston andCoven-
" try (a) to-morrow next," as if she would swear
them both. Again she entereth into it, that " she
<( never deals so with any as with me (in hoc erratum
" non est) she hath pulled me over the bar (note the
" words, for they cannot be her own) she hath used
" me in her greatest causes. But this is Essex; and
" she is more angry with him than with me." And

(a] Thomas Coventry, afterwards oneof the justices of the common
pleas, and father of the lord keeper Coventry.

Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon. :19

such like speeches so strange, as I should lose myself
in it, but that I have cast off the care of it. My con-
ceit is, that I am the least part of mine own matter.
But her majesty would have a delay, and yet would
not bear it herself. Therefore she givcth no way to
me, and she perceiveth her council giveth no way to
others ; and so it sticketh as she would have it. But
what the secret of it is oculus aquiltf non penetravit.
My lord * continueth on kindly and wisely a course * Essex»
worthy to obtain a better effect than a delay, which
to me is the most unwelcome condition.

Now to return to you the part of a brother, and to
render you the like kindness advise you, whether it
were not a good time to set in strongly with the
queen to draw her to honour your travels. For in
the course I am like to take, it will be a great and
necessary stay to me, besides the natural comfort I
shall receive. And if you will have me deal with my
lord of Essex, or otherwise break it by mean to the
queen, as that, which shall give me full contentment,
I will do it as effectually, and with as much good dis-
cretion, as I can. Wherein if you aid me with your
direction, I shall observe it. This as I did ever ac-
count it sure and certain to be accomplished, in case
myself had been placed, and therefore deferred it till
then, as to the proper opportunity; so now that I see
such delay in mine own placing, I wish ex animo it
should not expect.

I pray you let me know what mine uncle Killigrew
will do (a] 'y for I must be more careful of my credit
than ever, since I receive so little thence where I de-
served best. And, to be plain with you, I mean even
to make the best of those small things I have with as
much expedition, as may be without loss ; and so sing
a mass of requiem, I hope, abroad. For I know her
majesty's nature, that she neither careth though the
whole surname of Bacons travelled, nor of the Ce-
cils neither.

(«•) Mr. Antony Bacon had written to Sir Henry Killigrew on the
14th of January, 159f, to desire the loan of two hundred pounds for
six months. Vol. IV. fol. 4.

C 2

CO Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor 'Bacon.

I have here an idle pen or two, specially one, that
was cozened, thinking to have got some money this
term. I pray send me somewhat else for them to
write out besides your Irish collection, which is al-
most done. There is a collection of king James, of
foreign states, largeliest of Flanders; which, though
it be no great matter, yet I would be glad to have it.
Thus I commend you to God's good protection.

Your intire loving Brother,

From my lodging at Twickenham- FR. BACON,

|>ark, this 25th of January, 1594.

Letter of Mr. FRANCIS BACON to Sir ROBERT
* Among CECIL*, a copy of which was sent with the
preceding to Mr. ANTONY BACON.

Bacon, Esq.

vol. iv.

fol.3l.

YOUR Honour may remember, that upon relation
of her majesty's speech concerning my travel, I asked
leave to make answer in writing ; not but I knew
then what was true, but because I was careful to ex-
press it without doing myself wrong. And it is true,
I had then opinion to have written to her majesty :
but since weighing with myself, that her majesty gave
no ear to the motion made by yourself, that I might
answer by mine own attendance, I began to doubt
the second degree, whether it might not be taken for
presumption in me to write to her majesty ; and so
resolved, that it was best for me to follow her ma-
jesty's own way in committing it to your report.

It may please your honour to deliver to her majesty,
first, that it is an exceeding grief to me, that any
not motion (for it was not a motion) but mention,
that should come from me, should offend her majesty,
whom for these one and twenty years (for so long it
is, that I kissed her majesty's hands upon my journey
into France) I have used the best of my wits to
please.

Letters y etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon. 21

Next, mine answer standing upon two points, the
one, that this mention of travel to my lord of Essex
was no present motion, suit, or request ; but casting
the worst of my fortune with an honourable friend,
that had long used me privately, I told his lordship
of this purpose of mine to travel, accompanying it
with these very words, that upon her majesty's
rejecting me with such circumstance, though my
heart might be good, yet mine eyes would be sore,
that I should take no pleasure to look upon my
friends ; for that I was not an impudent man, that
could face out a disgrace ; and that I hoped her
majesty would not be offended, that, not able to en-
dure the sun, I fled into the shade. The other, that it
was more than this; for I did expressly and particularly
(for so much wit God then lent me) by way of caveat
restrain my lord's good affection, that he should in no
wise utter or mention this matter till her majesty had
made a solicitor : wherewith (now since my looking
upon your letter,) I did in a dutiful manner challenge
my lord, who very honourably acknowledged it, see-
ing he did it for the best : and therefore I leave his lord-
ship to answer for himself. All this my lord of Essex
can testify to be true ; and I report me to yourself,
whether at the first, when 1 desired deliberation to an-
swer, yet nevertheless said, I would to you privately
declare what had passed, I said not in effect so much.
The conclusion shall be, that wheresoever God and
her majesty shall appoint me to live, I shall truly pray
for her majesty's preservation and felicity. Arid so I
humbly commend me to you3

Your poor kinsman to do you service^
Indorsee! January, 159 ^ FR. JJACON,,

Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon,

(a) The Speeches drawn up by Mr. FRANCIS
BACON for the Earl of ESSEX in a device (/>)
exhibited by his lordship before Queen ELI-
ZABETH, on the anniversary of her accession
to the throne, November 17, 1595.

The SQUIRE'S speech.

MOST excellent and most glorious queen, give me
leave, I beseech your majesty, to offer my master's
complaint and petition; complaint that coming hi-

(a) Bishop Gibson's papers, vol. V. No. 118.

(b) An account of this device, which was much applauded, is
given by Mr. Rowland Whyte to Sir Robert Sydney, in a letter
dated at London, Saturday the 22d of November, 1595, and printed
in the Letters and Memorials of State of the Sydney family, vol. I.
p. 362. According to this letter, the earl of Essex, some considera-
ble time before he came himself into the tilt-yard, sent his page with
some speech to the queen, who returned with her majesty's glove ;
and when his lordship came himself, he was met by an old hermit, a
secretary of state, a brave soldier, and an esquire. The first pre-
sented him with a book of meditations ; the second with political dis-
courses ; the third with orations of bravely fought battles ; the fourth
was his own follower to whom the other three imparted much of their
purpose before the earl came in. " Another, adds Mr. Whyts,

devised with him, persuading him to this and that course of life,
according to their inclinations. Comes into the tilt-yard, un-
thought upon, the ordinary post boy of London, a ragged villain,
all bemired, upon a poor lean jade galloping and blowing for life,
*' and delivered the secretary a packet of letters, which he pre-
sently offered my lord of Essex. And with this dumb shew our.
eyes were fed for that time. In the after-supper, before the
" queen ; they first delivered a well-penned speech to move this
" worthy knight to' leave his following of love, and to betake him to
" heavenly meditation ; the secretary's all tending to have him follow
" matters of state ; the soldier's persuading him to the war : but the
" squire answered them all, and concluded with an excellent, but
" too plain, English, that this knight would never forsake his mis-
rt tress's love, whose virtue made all his thoughts divine; whose
" wisdom taught him all true policy ; whose beauty and worth were
" at all times able to make him fit to command armies. He shewed
" all the defects and imperfections of all their times ; and therefore
" thought his course of life to be best in serving his mistress." Mr.
Whyte then mentions, that the part of the old hermit was performed

Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

ther to your majesty's most happy day, he is tormented
with the importunity of a melancholy dreaming her-
mit, a mutinous brain-sick soldier, and a busy tedious
secretary. His petition is, that he may be as free as
the rest ; and, at least, whilst he is here, troubled with
nothing but with care how to please and honour
you.

The HERMIT'S speech in the presence.

THOUGH our ends be divers, and therefore may be
one more just than another; yet the complaint of this
Squire is general, and therefore alike unjust against us
all. Albeit he is angry, that we offer ourselves to his
master uncalled, and forgets we come not of ourselves
but as the messengers of seli-love, from whom, all that
comes should be well taken. Hesaith, when we come,
we are importunate. If he mean that we err in form,
we have that of his master, who being a lover, useth
no other form of soliciting. If he will charge us to
err in matter, I for my part will presently prove, that
I persuade him to nothing but for his own good. For
I wish him to leave turning over the book of fortune
which is but a play for children ; when there be so
many books of truth and knowledge, better worthy
the revolving ; and not fix his view only upon a pic-
ture in a little table, when there be so many tables of
histories, yea to life, excellent to behold and admire.
Whether he believe me or no, there is no prison to the
thoughts, which are free under the greatest tyrants,
Shall any man make his conceit, as an anchorite,
mured up with the compass of one beauty or person,

by him, who at Cambridge played that of Girqldi ; that Morley acted
the secretary, and that the soldier was represented by him, who
acted the pedant, and that Mr. Tobie Matthew \vas the squire,
" The world/' says Mr. Whyte, " makes many untrue constructions
fe of these speeche's, comparing the hermit and the secretary
" to two of the lords; and the soldier to Sir Roger Williams.
'l But the queen said, that it' she had thought there had been so much
€< said of her, she would not have been there that night ; and so went
" to bed,"

Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

that may have the liberty of all contemplation ? Shall
he exchange the sweet travelling through the univer-
sal variety, for one wearisome and endless round or la-
byrinth ? Let thy master, Squire, offer his service to
the muses. It is long since they received any into
their court. They give alms continually at their gate,
that many come to live upon ; but few they have ever
admitted into their palace. There shall he find secrets
not dangerous to know ; sides arid parties not factious
to hold ; precepts and commandments not penal to
disobey. The gardens of love, wherein he now
placeth himself, are fresh to-day, and fading to-mor-
row, as the sun comforts them, or is turned from
them. But the gardens of the muses keep the pri-
vilege of the golden age; they ever flourish, and
are in league with time. The monuments of wit
survive the monuments of power. The verses of a
poet endure without a syllable lost, while states and
empires pass many periods. Let him not think he
shall descend ; for he is now upon a hill, as a ship is
mounted upon the ridge of a wave : but that hill of
the muses is above tempests, always clear and calm ;
a hill of the goodliest discovery, that man can have,
being a prospect upon all the errors and wanderings
of the present and former times. Yea, in some cliff it
leadeth the eye beyong the horizon of time, and giv-
eth no obscure divinations of times to come. So that if
he will indeed lead vitam vitalem, a life that unites
safety and dignity, pleasure and merit; if he will win
admiration without envy, if he will be in the feast,
and not in the throng ; in the light, and not in the
heat ; let him embrace the life of study and contem-
plation. And if he will accept of no other reason,
yet because the gift of the muses will enworthy him
in love, and where he now looks on his mistress's
outside with the eyes of sense, which are dazzled and
amazed, he shall then behold her high perfections and
heavenly mind with the eyes of judgment, which grow
stronger by more nearly and more directly viewing
such an object.

Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon. 25

The SOLDIER'S speech.

SQUIRE, the good old man hath said well to you ;
but I dare say, thou wouldst be sorry to leave to carry
thy master's shield, and to carry his books: and I am
sure thy master had rather be a falcon, a bird of
prey, than a singing-bird in a cage. The muses are
to serve martial men, to sing their famous actions 5 and
not to be served by them. Then hearken to me.

It is the war that giveth all spirits of valour, not
only honour, but contentment. For mark, whether
ever you did see a man grown to any honourable
commandment in the wars, but whensoever he gave
it over, he was ready to die with melancholy r Such
a sweet felicity is in that noble exercise, that he that
hath tasted it thoroughly, is distasted for all other.
And no marvel; for if the hunter takes such solace in
hischace; if the matches and wagers of sport pass
away with such satisfaction and delight ; if the looker
on be affected with pleasure in the representation of a
feigned tragedy, think what contentment a man re-
ceiveth, when they, that are equal to him in nature,
from the height of insolency and fury are brought to
the condition of a chaced prey ; when a victory is
obtained, whereof the victories of games are but
counterfeits and shadows ; and, when in a lively tra-
gedy, a man's enemies are sacrificed before his eyes to
his fortune.

Then for the dignity of military profession, is it not
the truest and perfectest practice of all virtues ? of
wisdom, in disposing those things, which are most
subject to confusion and accident: of justice, in con-
tinual distributing rewards: of temperance, in exer-
cising of the straitest discipline : of fortitude, in tole-
ration of all labours and abstinence from effeminate
delights: of constancy, in bearing and digesting the
greatest variety of fortune. So that when all other
places and professions require but their several vir-
tues, a brave leader in the wars must be accomplished
with all. It is the wars that are the tribunal seat,

26 Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

where the highest rights and possessions are decided;
the occupation of kings, the root of nobility, the pro-
tection of all estates. And lastly, lovers never thought
their profession sufficiently graced, till they have com-
pared it to a warfare. All, that in any other profes-
sion can be wished for, is but to live happily : but to
be a brave commander in the field, death itself doth
crown the head with glory. Therefore, Squire, let
thy master go with me, and though he be resolved in
the pursuit of his love, let him aspire to it by the no-
blest means. For ladies count it no honour to subdue
them with their fairest eyes, which will be daunted
with the fierce encounter of an enemy. And they
will quickly discern a champion fit to wear their
glove, from a page not worthy to carry their pantofle.
Therefore I say again, let him seek his fortune in the
field, where he may either lose his love, or find new
argument to advance it.

The STATEMAN'S speech.

SQUIRE, my advise to thy master shall be as a
token wrapped up in words; but then will it shew it-
self fair, when it is unfolded in his actions. To wish
him to change from one humour to another, were but
as if, for the cure of a man in pain, one should advise
him to lie upon the other side, but not enable him to
stand on his feet. If from a sanguine delightful hu-
mour of love, he turn to a melancholy retired hu-
mour of contemplation, or a turbulent boiling humour
of the wars ; what doth he but change tyrants ? Con-
templation is a dream ; love, a trance ; and the hu-
mour of war is raving. These be shifts of humour,
but no reclaiming to reason. I debar him not studies
nor books, to give him stay and variety of conceit, re-
fresh his mind, to cover sloth and indisposition, and to
draw to him from those that are studious, respect and
commendation. But let him beware, lest they possess
not too much of his time ; that they abstract not his
judgment from present experience, nor make him
presume upon knowing much, to apply the less. For

Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon. 27

the wars, I deny him no enterprise, that shall be wor-
thy in greatness, likely in success, or necessary in
duty; not mixed with any circumstance of jealousy,
but duly laid upon him. But I would not have him
take the alarm from his own humour, but from the
occasion ; and I would again he should know an em-
ployment from a discourting. And for his love, let
it not disarm his heart within, as to make him too cre-
dulous to favours, nor too tender to unkindnesses, nor
too apt to depend upon the heart he knows not.
Nay, in his demonstration of love, let him not go too
far ; for these seely lovers, when they profess such in-
finite affection and obligation, they tax themselves at
so high a rate, that they are ever under arrest. It
makes their service seem nothing,xand every cavil or
imputation very great. But what, Squire, is thy
master's end ? If to make the prince happy he serves,
let the instructions to employ men, the relations of
ambassadors, the treaties between princes, and actions
of the present time, be the books he reads : Jet the
orations of wise princes, or experimented counsellors,
in council or parliament, and the final sentences of
grave and learned judges in weighty and doubtful
causes, be the lecturers he frequents. Let the holding
of affection with confederates without charge, the
frustrating of the attempts of enemies, without battles,
the intitling of the crown to new possessions without
shew of wrong, the filling of the prince's coffers withr
out violence, the keeping of men in appetite without
impatience, be the inventions he seeks out. Let po-
licy and matters of state be the chief, and almost the
only thing he intends. But if he will believe Pkilau-
tia, and seek most his own happiness, he must not of
them embrace all kinds, but make choice, and avoid
all matter of peril, displeasure, and charge, and turn
them over to some novices, that know not manacles
from bracelets, nor burdens from robes. For himself,
let him set for matters of commodity and strength,
though they be joined with envy. Let him not
trouble himself too laboriously to sound into any mat-
ter deeply, or to execute any thing exactly 3 but let

28 Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

himself make himself cunning rather in the humours
and drifts of persons, than in the nature of business
and affairs. Of that it sufficeth to know only so
much, as may make him able to make use of other
mens wits, and to make again a smooth and pleasing
report. Let him entertain the proposition of others,
and ever rather let him have an eye to the circum-
stances, than to the matter itself; for then shall he
ever seem to add somewhat of his own : and besides,
when a man doth not forget so much as a circum-
stance, men do think his wit doth superabound for the
substance. In his counsels let him not be confident ;
for that will rather make him obnoxious to the suc-
cess; but let him follow ths wisdom of oracles,
which uttered that which might ever be applied to the
event. And ever rather let him take the side which
is likeliest to be followed, than that which is soundest
and best, that every thing may seem to be carried by
his direction. To conclude, let him be true to him-
self, and avoid all tedious reaches of state, that are not
merely pertinent to his particular. And if he will
needs pursue his affection, and go on his course,
what can so much advance him in his own way ?
The merit of war is too outwardly glorious to be in-
wardly grateful : and it is the exile of his eyes, which
looking with such affection upon the picture, cannot but
with infinite contentment behold the life. But when
his mistress shall perceive, that his endeavours are be-
come a true support of her, a discharge of her care> a
watchman of her person, a scholar of her wisdom,
an instrument of her operation, and a conduit of her
virtue ; this, with his diligences, accesses, humility, and
patience, may move her to give him further degrees
and approaches to her favour. So that I conclude, I
have traced him the way to that which hath been
granted to some few, amare ct sapere, to love and be
wise*

Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon. 29

The reply of the SQUIRE*

WANDERING Hermit, storming Soldier, and hollow
Statesman, the inchanting orators of Philautia, which
have attempted by your high charms to turn resolved
Erophilus into a statue deprived of action, or into a
vulture attending upon dead bodies, or into a monster
with a double heart ; with infinite assurance, but with
just indignation, and forced patience, I have suffered
you to bring in play your whole forces* For I would
not vouchsafe to combat you one by one, as if I trusted
to the goodness of my breath, and not the goodness of
my strength, which little needeth the advantage of
your severing, and much less of your disagreeing.
Therefore, first, I would know of you all what assu-
rance you have of the fruit whereto you aspire.

You, Father, that pretend to truth and knowledge,
how are you assured that you adore not vain chiirae-
ras and imaginations ? that in your high prospect,
when you think men wander up and down ; that
they stand not indeed still in their place ? and it is
some smoke or cloud between you and them, which
moveth, or else the dazzling of your own eyes ? Have
not many which take themselves to be inward coun-
sellors with nature, proved but idle believers, which
told us tales, which were no such matter ? And, Sol-
dier, what security have your for these victories and
garlands which you promise to yourself? Know you
not of many, which have made provision of laurel for
the victory, and have been fain to exchange it with
cypress for the funeral ? of many which have bespo-
ken fame to sound their triumphs, and have been glad
to pray her to say nothing of them, and not to discover
them in their flights ?

Corrupt Statesman, you that think by your engines
and motions to govern the wheel of fortune ; do you
not mark, that clocks cannot be long in temper ? that
jugglers are no longer in request, when their tricks
and slights are once perceived ? Nay, do you not see,
that never any man made his own cunning and prac-

30 Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

tice, without religion and moral honesty, his founda-
tion, but he overbuilt himself, and in the end made his
house a windfall ? But give ear now to the compari-
son of my master's condition, and acknowledge such
a difference, as is betwixt the melting hail-stone and
the solid pearl. Indeed it seemeth to depend, as the
globe of the earth seemeth to hang, in the air ; but
yet it is firm and stable in itself. It is like a cube, or
a die-form, which toss it or throw it any way, it
ever lighteth upon a square. Is he denied the hopes of
favours to come ? He can resort to the remembrance
of contentments past. Destiny cannot repeal that
which is past. Doth he find the acknowledgment of
hisafTection small? He may find the merit of his affec-
tion the greater. Fortune cannot have power over
that which is within. Nay, his falls are like the falls
of Antaeus; they renew his strength. His clouds
are like the clouds of harvest, which makes the sun
break forth with greater force. His wanes are
changes like the moon's, whose globe is all light to-
wards the sun, when it is all dark towards the world ;
such is the excellency of her nature, and of his estate.
Attend, you beadsman of the muses, you take your
pleasure in a wilderness of variety ; but it is but of
shadows. You are as a man rich in pictures, medals,
and crystals. Your mind is of the water, which tak-
eth all forms and impressions, but is weak of sub-
stance. Will you compare shadows with bodies, pic-
ture with life, variety of many beauties with the peer-
less excellency of one ? the element of water with the
element of fire ? And such is the comparison between
knowledge and love.

Come out, Man of war; you must be ever in noise.
You will give laws, and advance force, and trouble
nations, and remove land-marks of kingdoms, and
hunt men, and pen tragedies in blood : and that,
which is worst of all, make all the virtues accessary
to bloodshed. Hath the practice of force so de-
prived you of the use of reason, as that you will com-
pare the interruption of society with the perfection of
society ? the conquest of bodies -with the conquest of

Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

spirits ? the terrestrial fire, which destroyeth and dis-
solveth, with the celestial fire, which quickeneth and
giveth life ? And such is the comparison between the
soldier and the lover.

And as for you, untrue Politique, but truest bond-
man to Philautia, you, that presume to bind occasion,
and to overwork fortune, I would ask you but one
question . Did ever any lady, hard to please, or disposed
to exercise her lover, injoin him so good tasks and
commandments, as Philautia exacteth of you? While
your life is nothing but a continual acting upon a
stage ; and that your mind must serve your humour,
and yet your outward person must serve your end ;
so as you carry in one person two several servitudes
to contrary masters. But I will leave you to the
scorn of that mistress, whom you undertake to govern;
that is, to fortune, to whom Philautia hath bound
you. And yet, you commissioner of Philautia, I will
proceed one degree farther : if I allowed both of your
assurance, and of your values, as you have set them,
may not my master enjoy his own felicity ; and have
all yours for advantage? I do not mean, that he
should divide himself in both pursuits, as in your
feigning tales towards the conclusion you did yield
him ; but because all these are in the hands of his
mistress more fully to bestow, than they can be at-
tained by your addresses, knowledge, fame, fortune.
For the Muses, they are tributary to her majesty for
the great liberties they have enjoyed in her kingdom,
during her most flourishing reign; in thankfulness
whereof they have adorned and accomplished her
majesty with the gifts of all the sisters. What li-
brary can present such a story of great actions, as her
majesty carrieth in her royal breast by the often re-
turn of this happy day ? What worthy author or
favourite of the muses, is not familiar with her ? Or
what language, wherein the muses have used to
speak is unknown to her? Therefore, the hearing of
her, the observing of her, the receiving instructions
from her, may be to Erophilus a lecture exceeding all
dead monuments of the muses. For Fame, can all

S2 Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

the exploits of the war win him such a title, as to
have the name of favoured and selected servant of
such a queen ? For Fortune, can any insolent po-
litique promise to himself such a fortune, by making
his own way, as the excellency of her nature cannot
deny to a careful, obsequious, and dutiful servant ?
And if he could, were it equal honour to obtain it by
a shop of cunning, as by the gift of such a hand ?

Therefore Erophilus's. resolution is fixed : he re-
nounceth Pkilau(lay and all her inchantments. For
her recreation, he will confer with his muse : for her
defence and honour, he will sacrifice his life in the
wars, hoping to be embalmed in the sweet odours of
her remembrance. To her service will he consecrate
all his watchful endeavours, and will ever bear in his
heart the picture of her beauty ; in his actions, of her
wills and in his fortune, of her grace and favour.

To Sir THOMAS EGERTON, Lord Keeper of the
Great Seal. («)

May it please your honourable good Lordship,

OF your lordship's honourable disposition, both ge-
nerally and to me, I have that belief, as what I think,
I am not afraid to speak : and what I would speak,
I am not afraid to write. And therefore I have
thought to commit to letter some matter, whereunto
[which] I have been [conceived] led [into the same]
by two motives ; the one, the consideration of my
own estate ; the other, the appetite, which I have to
give your lordship some evidence of the thoughtful
and voluntary desire, which is in me, to merit well of
your, most honourable lordship : which desire in me

(a) From the original draught in the library of Queen's College,
Oxford, Arch. D. 2. the copy of which was communicated to me
by Thomas Tyrwhytt, Esq. clerk of the honourable House of Com-
mons. Sir William Dugdale in his Baronage of England, vol. II.
p. 438, has given two short passages of this letter transcribed by
him from the unpublished original.

Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon. 33

hath been bred chiefly by the consent I have to your
great virtue come in good time to do this state
pleasure ; and next by your loving courses held to-
wards me, especially in your nomination and inable-
ment of me long since to the solicitor's place, as
your lordship best knows. Which your two honour-
able friendships I esteem so much [in so great sort]
as your countenance and favour in my practice,
which are somewhat to my poverty; yet I count
them not the best [greatest] part of the obligation,
wherein I stand bound to you.

And now, my lord, I pray you right humbly, that
you will vouchsafe your honourable licence and pa-
tience, that I may express to you, what in a doubtful
liberty I have thought fit, partly by way of praying
your help, and partly by way of offering my good
will : partly again by way of pre-occupating your
conceit, lest you may in some things mistake.

My estate, to confess a truth to your lordship, is
weak and indebted, and needeth comfort ; for both
my father, though I think I had greatest part in his
love to all his children, yet in his wisdom served
me in as a last comer ; and myself, in mine own in-
dustry, have rather referred and aspired to virtue than
to gain : whereof I am not yet wise enough to re-
pent me. But the while, whereas Solomon speaketh
that want cometh first like a wayfaring man, and after
like an armed man, I must acknowledge to your lord-
ship myself to [be] in primo gradu ; for it stealeth
upon me. But for the second, that it should not be
able to be resisted, I hope in God I am not in that
case ; for the preventing whereof, as I do depend
upon God's providence all in all, so in the same his
providence I see opened unto me three not unlikely
expectations of help: the one my practice; the
other some proceeding in the queen's service ; the
third [the] place I have in reversion ; which, as it
standeth now unto me, is but like another man's
ground reaching upon my house, which may mend
my prospect, but it doth not fill my barn.

VOL. VI. D

34 Letter s> etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

For my practice, it presuppOseth my health, which,
if I should judge of, as a man that judgeth of a fair
morrow by a fair evening, I might have reason to
value well. But myself having this error of mind,
that I .am apter to conclude in every thing of change
from the present tense than of a continuance, do
make no such appointment. Besides, I am not so
far deceived in myself, but that 1 know very well,
and I think your lordship is major corde, and in your
wisdom you note it more deeply than I can in my-
self, that in practising the law, I play not all my best
game, which maketh me accept it with a nisi quod
pothiSy as the best of my fortune, and the thing agree-
able to better gifts than mine, but not to mine.

For my placing, your lordship best knows, that
when I was much dejected with her majesty's strange
dealing towards me, it pleased you of your singular
favour so far to comfort and encourage me, as to hold
me worthy to be excited to think of succeeding your
lordship in your second place (a) -y signifying in your
plainness, that no man should better content your-
self: which your exceeding favour you have not
since varied from, both in pleading the like significa-
tion into the hands of some of my best friends, and
also in an honourable and answerable nomination and
commendation of me to her majesty. Wherein I
hope your lordship, if it please you to call to mind,
did find me neither overweening in presuming, too
much upon it, nor much deceived in my opinion of
the event for the continuing it still in yourself, nor
sleepy in doing some good offices to the same pur-
pose.

Now upon this matter I am to make your lordship
three humble requests, which had need be very rea-
sonable, coming so many together. First, that your
lordship will hold and make good your wishes to-
wards me in your own time ; for no other I mean it;
and in thankfulness thereof, I will present your lord-

*• *

(a) The master-ship of the rolls; which office the lord keeper
held till the lord Bruce was advanced to it, May 18, 1603.

Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon. 35

ship with the fairest flower of my estate 5 though it
yet bear no fruit 5 and that is the poor reversion,
which of her majesty's gift I hold ; in the which I
shall be no less willing Mr. John Egerton (b)9 if it
seem good to you, should succeed me in that, than
I would be willing to succeed your lordship in the
other place.

My next humble request is, that your lordship
would believe a protestation, which is, that if there
be now against the next term, or hereafter, for a little
bought knowledge of the court teacheth me to fore*
see these things, any heaving or palting at that place,
upon mine honesty and troth, my spirit is not in, nor
with it ; I, for my part, being resolutely resolved not
to proceed one pace or degree in this matter but with
your lordship's foreknowledge and approbation. The
truth of which protestation will best appear, if by
any accident, which I look not for, I shall receive
any further strength. For, as I now am, your lord-
ship may impute it only to policy alone in me, that
being without present hope myself, I would be con-
tent the matter sleep.

My third humble petition to your lordship is, that
you would believe an intelligence, and not take it for
a fiction in court ; of which manner I like Cicero's
speech well, who, writing to Appius Claudius, saith -y
Sin autem qiue tibi ipsi in mentem veniant, ea aliis
tribuere soles, inducts genus sermonis in amicitiam mi-
nime liberale. But I do assure your lordship, it is both
true and fresh, and from a person of that sort, as
having some glimpse of it before, I now rest fully
confirmed in it : and it is this, that there should be a
plot laid of some strength between Mr. Attorney

(b) Second son of the lord keeper, whose eldest son Sir Thomas,
knighted at Cadiz upon the taking it in 1596 by the earl of Essex,
died in Ireland, whither he attended that earl in 1599, as Mr. John
Egerton likewise did, and was knighted by his lordship, and at the
coronation of king James was made knight of the bath. He suc-
ceeded his father in the titles of baron of Ellesmere and viscount
Brackley, and on the 17th of May was created earl of Bridgewater.

D 2

3*6 Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

General (c), and Mr. Attorney of the Wards (d}t for
the one's remove to the rolls, and the other to be
drawn to his place. Which, to be plain with your
lordship, I do apprehend much. For first, I know
Air. Attorney General, whatsoever he pretendeth or
protesteth to your lordship, or any other, doth seek it ;
and I perceive well by his dealing towards his best
friends, to whom he oweth most, how perfectly he
hath conned the adage of proximus egomet mihi : and
then I see no man ripened for the place of the
rolls in competition with Mr. Attorney General. And
lastly, Mr. Attorney of the Wards being noted for a
pregnant and stirring man, the objection of any hurt
her majesty's business may receive in her causes by
the drawing up of Mr. Attorney General, will wax
cold. And yet nevertheless, if it may please your
lordship to pardon me so to say, of the second of
those placings I think with some scorn ; only I com-
mend the knowledge hereof to your lordship's wis-
dom, as a matter not to be neglected.

And now lastly, my honourable good lord, for my
third poor help, I account [it] will do me small good,
except there be a heave ; and that is this place of
the Star-Chamber. I do confess ingenuously to your
lordship out of my love to the public, besides my
particular, that~I am of opinion, that rules without
examples will do little good, at least not to continue;
but that there is such a concordance between the
time to come and the time passed, as there will be no
reforming the one without informing of the other.
And I will not, as the proverb is, spit against the
wind, but yield so far to a general opinion, as there
was never a more * * or particular example. But I
submit it wholly to your honourable grave considera-
tion ; only I humbly pray you to conceive, that it is
not any money, that I have borrowed of Mr. Mills,
nor any gratification I receive for my aid, that makes

(c) Coke.

(d) Probably Sir Thomas Heskett, who died JMh October, 1605,
and has a monument erected to his memory in Westminster-Abbey.

Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon. 37

me shew myself any ways in it, but simply a desire
to preserve the rights of the office, as far as it is meet
and incorrupt; and secondly his importunity, who
nevertheless, as far as I see, taketh a course to bring
this matter in question to his farther disadvantage,
and to be principal in his own harm. But if it be
true, that I have heard of more than one or two, that
besides this fore-running in taking of fees, there are
other deep corruptions, which in an ordinary course
are intended to be proved against him ; surely, for
my part, 1 am not superstitious, as I will not take
any shadow of it, nor labour to stop it, since it is a
thing medicinable for the office of the realm. And
then if the place by such an occasion or otherwise
should come in possession, the better to testify my
affection to your lordship, I should be glad, as I
offered it to your lordship by way of [surrender] so in
this case to offer it by way of joint-patentcy, in nature
of a reversion, which, as it is now, there wanteth no
good will in me to offer, but that both, in that con-
dition it is not worth the offering ; and besides, I
know not whether my necessity may inforce me to
sell it away ; which, if it were locked in by any re*
version or joint-patentcy, I were disabled to do for my
relief.

Thus your lordship may perceive how assured a,
persuasion I have of your love towards me, and care
of me, which hath made me so freely to communicate
of my poor state with your lordship, as I could have
done to my honourable father, if he had lived : which
I most humbly pray your lordship may be private to
yourself, to whom I commit it to be used to such
purpose, as in your wisdom and honourable love and
favour should seem good. And so humbly craving
pardon, I commend your lordship to the divine pre-
servation.

At your lordship's honourable commandment,

humbly and particularly,

3$ Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

* Among Mr. FRANCIS BACON to the EARL of ESSEX *, on

the papers , . T . . . . 7.

of Antony his Lordship s going on the expedition aeainst

Bacon, Esq. r-o^'

vol. XL s Cadiz.

fol. 69, in

the Lam. Mi/ singular good Lord,

br«y. I HAVE no other argument to write on to your

good lordship, but upon demonstration of my deep-
est and most bounden duty, in fulness whereof I
mourn for your lordship's absence, though I mitigate
it as much as I can with the hope of your happy suc-
cess, the greatest part whereof, be it never so great,
will be the safety of your most honourable person ;
for the which in the first place, and then for the pros-
perity of your enterprise, I frequently pray. And
as in so great discomfort it hath pleased God some
ways to regard my desolateness, by raising me so
great and so worthy a friend in your absence, as the
new-placed lord keeper (a), in whose placing as it
hath pleased God to establish mightily one of the chief
pillars of this estate, that is, the justice of the land,
which began to shake and sink, and for that purpose
no doubt gave her majesty strength of heart or herself
to do that in six days, which the deepest judgment
thought would be the work of many months; so for
my particular, I do find in an extraordinary manner,
that his lordship doth succeed my father almost in his
fatherly care or me, and love towards me, as much as
he professeth to follow him in his honourable and
sound courses of justice and estate; of which so spe-
cial favour the open and apparent reason I can ascribe
to nothing more than the impression, which, upon
many conferences of long time used between his lord-
ship and me, he may have received both of your lord-
ship's high love and good opinion towards his lordship
verified in many and singular offices, whereof
now the realm, rather than himself, is like to reap the
fruit ; and also of your singular affection towards me,
as a man chosen by you to set forth the excellency of

(a) Egerton.

Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon. 39

your nature and mind, though with some error of
your judgment. Hereof if it may please your lord-
ship to take knowledge to my lord, according to the
stile of your wonted kindness, your lordship shall do
me great contentment. My lord told me he had
written to your lordship, and wished with great affec-
tion he had been so lucky, as to have had two hours
talk with you upon those occasions, which have since
fallen out. So wishing that God may conduct you
by the hand pace by pace, I commend you and your
actions to his divine providence.

Your Lordship's ever deepliest bounden,

10 -May, 1596.

FR. BACON.

in

The EARL of ESSEX to Mr. FRANCIS BACON*. *

the papers

C'/o of Antony

Bacon.Esq

I HAVE thought the contemplation of the artmili-
tary harder than the execution. But now I see where the Lam-
the number is great, compounded of sea and land
forces, the most tyrones, and almost all voluntaries,
the officers equal almost in age, quality, and stand-
ing in the wars, it is hard for any man to approve
himself a good commander. So great is my zeal to
omit nothing, and so short my sufficiency to perform
all, as, besides my charge, myself doth afflict myself.
For I cannot follow the precedents of our dissolute
armies, and my helpers are a little amazed with me,
when they are come from governing a little troop to

a great ; and from to all the great spirits

of our state. And sometimes I am as much troubled
with them, as with all the troops. But though these
be warrants for my seldom writing, yet they shall be
no excuses for my fainting industry. I have written
to my lord keeper and some other friends to have care
of you in my absence. And so commending you to
God's happy and heavenly protection, 1 rest

Your true friend,

Plymouth, this 17th of May, 1596. EsSEX,

40 Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

* Among Mr. FRANCIS BACON to his Brother ANTONY *.

the papers

G°°d

fo0iL29Lin YESTERNIGHT Sir John Fortescu [a] told me,
the Lan!? he had not many hours before imparted to the queen
beth libra- yOUr advertisements, and the gazette likewise; which
the queen caused Mr. John Stanhope (b) to read all
over unto her ; and her majesty conceiveth they be
not vulgar. The advertisements her majesty made
estimation of as concurring with other advertisements,
and alike concurring also with her opinion of the
affairs. So he willed me to return you the queen's
thanks. Other particular of any speech from her ma-
jesty of yourself he did not relate to me. For my
lord of Essex's and your letters, he said, he was
ready and desirous to do his best. But I seemed to
make it but a love wish, and passed presently from
it, the rather, because it was late in the night, and I
mean to deal with him at some better leisure after
another manner, as you shall hereafter understand
from me. I do find in the speech of some ladies and
the very face of the court some addition of reputation,
as methinks, to us both ; and I doubt not but God
hath an operation in it, that will not suffer good en-
deavours to perish.

The queen saluted me to day, as she went to cha-
pel. I had long speech with Sir Robert Cecil this
morning, who seemed apt to discourse with me ; yet
of yourself, ne verbum quidem, not so much as a quo-
modo valet ?

This I write to you in haste, aliud ex alioy I pray
set in a course of acquainting my lord keeper what
passeth, at first by me, and after from yourself. I
am more and more bound to him.

Thus wishing you good health, I recommend you
to God's happy preservation.

Your intire loving Brother,

From the court this 30th of May, [1596.] FR. BACON.

(a) Chancellor of the exchequer.

(6) Made treasurer of the chamber in July 1596, and in May
16Q5, created lord Stanhope, of Harrington in Northamptonshire.

Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

To Sir THOMAS EGERTON, Lord Keeper of the
Great Seal (a).

It may please your Lordship,

I AM to make humble complaint to your lordship
of some hard dealing offered me by one Sympson, a
goldsmith, a man noted much, as I have heard, for
extremities and stoutness upon his purse : but yet I
could scarcely have imagined, he would have dealt
either so dishonestly towards myself, or so contemp-
tuously towards her majesty's service. For this Lom-
bard, pardon me, I most humbly pray your lordship,
if being admonished by the street he dwells in, I give
him that name, having me in bond for 3001. principal,
and I having the last term confessed the action, and
by his full and direct consent respited the satisfaction
till the beginning of this term to come, without ever
giving me warning, either by letter or message,
served an execution upon me, having trained me at
such time, as I came from the tower, where, Mr.
Wand can witness, we attended a service of no mean
importance (b.) Neither would he so much as vouch-

(a) From the original in the Hatfield collection of state papers
communicated to me by the Rev. William Murdin, B. D. and in-
tended by him for the public in a third volume of the collection of
those papers, if his death had not prevented him from executing his
design.

(6) It is not easy to determine what this service was; but it
seema to relate to the examination of some prisoner; perhaps Ed-
ward Squire, executed in November, 1593, for poisoning the
queen's saddle; or Valentine Thomas, who accused the king of
iScots of practices against queen Elizabeth [Historical View, p. 178.]
or one Stanley; concerning whom I shall insert here passages
from two MS. letters of John Chamberlain, Esq; to his friend,
Dudley Carleton, Esq; afterwards ambassador to Venice, the United
Provinces, and France; these letters being part of a very large
collection, from 1598 to 1625, which I transcribed from the ori-
ginals. " One Stanley, says Mr. Chamberlain, in his letter dated at
1 London, 3 October, 1 598, that came in sixteen days over land with
rr letters out of Spain, is lately committed to the Tower. He was
" very earnest to have private conference with her majesty, pre-
" tending matter of great importance, which he would by no means
" utter to any body else," In another letter dated 20 November, 1598,

42 Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

safe to come and speak with me to take any order in
it, though I sent for him divers times, and his house
was just by; handling it as upon a despite, being a
man I never provoked with a cross word, no nor
with many delays. He would have urged it to have
had me in prison ; which he had done, had not she-
riff More, to whom I sent, gently recommended me to
an handsome house in Coleman-street, where I am.
Now because he will not treat with me, I am in-
forced humbly to desire your lordship to send for him,
ascording to your place, to bring him to some reason ;
and this forthwith, because I continue here to my far-
ther discredit and inconvenience, and the trouble of
the gentleman with whom I am. I have an hundred
pounds lying by me, which he may have, and the rest
upon some reasonable time and security ; or, if need
be, the whole ; but with my more trouble. As for
the contempt he hath offered, in regard her majesty's
service, to my understanding, carrieth a privilege
eundo et redeundo in meaner causes, much more in
matters of this nature, especially in persons known to
be qualified with that place and employment, which,
though unworthy, I am vouchsafed, I inforce nothing,
thinking I have done my part, when I have made it
known; and so leave it to your lordship's honour-
able consideration. And so with signification of my
humble duty, &c.

Mr. Chamberlain observes, that on " the day, that they looked for
" Stanley's arraignment, he came not himself, but sent his forerunner,
' one Squire, that had been an under-purveyor of the stable, who
' being in Spain was dealt withal by one Walpole, a Jesuit, to
' poison the queen and the earl of Essex ; and accordingly came'
' prepared into England, and went with the earl in his own ship the
last journey, and poisoned the arms or handles of the chair
( he used to sit in, with a confection he had received of the Jesuit ;
as likewise he hau done the pommel of the queen's saddle not
past five days before his going to sea. But because nothing
succeeded of it, the priest thinking he had either changed his
purpose, or betrayed it, gave Stanley instructions to accuse him ;
thereby to get him more credit, and to be revenged of Squire
for breaking promise. The felloxv confessed the whole practice,
" and, as it seemed, ^died very penitent,"

Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon. 43

To Sir ROBERT CECIL, Secretary of State (a}.
It may please your Honour,

I HUMBLY pray you to understand bow badly I
have been used by the inclosed, being a copy of a letter
of complaint thereof, which I have written to the lord
keeper. How sensitive you are of wrongs offered to
your blood in my particular, I have had not long
since experience. But herein I think your honour
will be doubly sensitive, in tenderness also of the
indignity to her majesty's service. For as for me,
Mr. Sympson might have had me every day in Lon-
don ; and therefore to belay me, while he knew I
came from the Tower about her majesty *s special
service, was to my understanding very bold. And
two days before he brags he forbore me, because I
dined with sheriff More. So as with Mr. Sympson,
examinations at the Tower are not so great a privi-
lege, eundo et redeundo, as sheriff More's dinner. But
this complaint I make in duty ; and to that end have
also informed my lord of Essex thereof; for otherwise
his punishment will do me no good.

So with signification of my humble duty, I com-
mend your honour to the divine preservation.

At your honourable command particularly,

FR. BACON.

From Coleman-street, this 24th of September, [1598.]

The Substance of a Letter I (b} now wish your Lord-
ship (c) should write to her Majesty.

THAT you desire her majesty to believe id, quod
res ipsa loquitur, that it is not conscience to yourself
of any advantage her majesty hath towards you, other-

(a) From the Hatfield collection.

(b) Francis Bacon.

(c) Robert earl of Essex,

41 Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

wise than the general and infinite advantage of a
queen and a mistress ; nor any drift or device to win
her majesty to any point or particular, that moveth
you to send her these lines of your own mind. But
first, and principally, gratitude ; next a natural desire
of, you will not say, the tedious remembrance, for
you can hold nothing tedious, that hath been de-
rived from her majesty ; but the troubled and pensive
remembrance of that which is past, of enjoying better
times with her majesty, such as others have had, and
that you have wanted. You cannot impute the dif-
ference to the continuance of time, which addeth no-
thing to her majesty but increase of virtue ; but
rather to your own misfortune or errors. Wherein
nevertheless, if it were only question of your own
indurances, though any strength never so good may
be oppressed, yet you think you should have suffo-
cated them, as you had often done, to the impairing
of your health, and weighing down of your mind.
But that, which indeed toucheth the quick, is that,
whereas you accounted it the choice fruit of yourself
to be a contentment and entertainment to her ma-
jesty's mind, you found many times to the contrary,
that you were rather a disquiet to her, and a distaste.

Again, whereas in the course of her service, though
you confess the weakness of your own judgment, yet
true zeal, not misled with any mercenary nor glorious
respect, made you light sometimes upon the best and
soundest counsels ; you had reason to fear, that the
distaste particular against yourself made her majesty
farther off from accepting any of them from such
a hand. So as you seemed, to your deep discomfort,
to trouble her majesty's mind, and to foil her busi-
ness; inconveniencies, which, if you be minded as
you ought, thankfulness should teach you to redeem,
with stepping down, nay throwing yourself down,
from your own fortune. In which intricate case,
finding no end of this former course, and therefore de-
sirous to find the beginning of a new, you have not
whither to resort, but unto the oracle of her majesty's
direction. For though the true introduction ad tern-

Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

pora meliora be by an amnestia of that which is past,
except it be in the sense, that the verse speaketh,
Glim h£C meminisse juvabit, when tempests past are
remembered in the calm ; and that you do not doubt
of her majesty's goodness in pardoning and oblite-
rating any of your errors and mistakings heretofore ;
refreshing the memory and contemplations of your
poor services, or any thing that hath been grateful to
her majesty from you ; yea, and somewhat of your
sufferings, so though that be, yet you may be to seek
for the time to come. For as you have determined
your hope in a good hour, not willingly to offend
her majesty, either in matter of court or state, but to
depend absolutely upon her will and pleasure ; so you
do more doubt and mistrust your wit and insight in
finding her majesty's mind, than your conformities
and submission in obeying it ; the rather, because
you cannot but nourish a doubt in your breast, that
her majesty, as princes hearts are inscrutible, hath
many times towards you aliud in o?'e, et aliud in corde.
So that you, that take her secundum literam, go many
times farther out of your way.

Therefore your most humble suit to her majesty
is, that she will vouchsafe you that approach to her
heart and bosom, et ad scrinium pectoris, plainly, for
as much as concerneth yourself, to open and expound
her mind towards you, suffering you to see clear what
may have bred any dislike in her majesty j and in
what points she would have you reform yourself; and
how she would be served by you. Which done, you
do assure her majesty, she shall be both at the be-
ginning and the ending of all, that you do, of that
regard, as you may presume to impart to her majesty.

And so that hoping, that this may be an occasion
of some farther serenity from her majesty towards you,
you refer the rest to your actions, which may verify
what you have written ; as that you have written may
interpret your actions, and the course you shall here-
after take*

Indorsed by Mr. Francis Bacon.

A letter framed for my lord of Essex to the queen.

46 Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

To Mr. Secretary CECIL (a).

If may please your Honour,

BECAUSE we live in an age, where every man's
imperfections is but another's fable ; and that there
fell out an accident in the exchequer, which I know
not how, nor how soon may be traduced, though I
dare trust rumour in it, except it be malicious, or
extreme partial ; I am bold now to possess your ho-
nour, as one, that ever I found careful of my ad-
vancement, and yet more jealous of my wrongs, with
the truth of that, which passed ; deferring my farther
request, until I may attend your honour -3 and so I
continue

Your Honour's very humble

and particularly bounden,
Gray's Inn, this 2-tth of April, 1601 , FR. BACON.

A true remembrance of the abuse I received of
Mr. Attorney General (b) publicly in the
exchequer the first day of term ; for the truth
whereof I refer myself to all that were
present.

I MOVED to have a reseizure of the lands of
George More, a relapsed recusant, a fugitive, and a
practising traytor ; and shewed better matter for the
queen against the discharge by plea, which is ever
with a salvo jure. And this I did in as gentle and
reasonable terms as might be.

Mr. Attorney kindled at it, and said, " Mr. Bacon,
" if you have any tooth against me, pluck it out ;
" for it will do you more hurt than all the teeth in

(a) From the Hatfield collection.

(b) Edward Coke, knighted by king James at Greenwich in
1603; and made lord chief justice of the common pleas, 30 June,
1606,

Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon. 47

" your head will do you good." I answered coldly
in these very words ; " Mr. Attorney, I respect you :
" I fear you not : and the less you speak of your own
" greatness, the more I will think of it."

He replied, " I think scorn to stand upon terms
" of greatness towards you, who are less than little ;
" less than the least ;" and other such strange light
terms he gave me, with that insulting, which cannot
be expressed.

Herewith stirred, yet I said no more but this :
(f Mr. Attorney, do not depress me so far; for I have
" been your better, and may be again, when it please
" the queen."

With this he spake, neither I nor himself could tell
what, as if he had been born attorney general ; and
in the end bade me not meddle with the queen's
business, but with mine own ; and that I was un-
sworn, &c. I told him, sworn or unsworn was all
one to an honest man ; and that I ever set my service
first, and myself second ; and wished to God, that he
would do the like.

Then he said, it were good to clap a cap. utlegatum
upon my back ! To which I only said he could not ;
and that he was at a fault ; for he hunted upon an
old scent.

He gave me a number of disgraceful words be-
sides $ which I answered with silence, and shewing,
that I was not moved with them.

To ROBERT, Lord CECIL (#).

It may please your good Lordship,

THEY say late thanks are ever best. But the rea-
son was, I thought to have seen your lordship ere this.
Howsoever I shall never forget this your last favour
amongst others ; and it grteveth me not a little, that I
find myself of no use to such an honourable and kjrnd
friend,

(a) From the Hatftcld collection.

48 Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

For that matter, I think I shall desire your assistance
for the punishment of the contempt ; not that I would
use the privilege in future time, but because I would
not have the dignity of the king's service prejudiced
in my instance. But herein I will be ruled by your
lordship.

It is fit likewise, though much against my mind,
that I let your lordship know, that I shall not be able
to pay the money within the time by your lordship un-
dertaken, which was a fortnight. Nay, money I find
so hard to tome by at this time, as 1 thought to have
become an humble suitor to your honour to have sus-
tained me with your credit, for the present, from ur-
gent debts, with taking up 3001. till I can put away
some land. But I am so forward with some sales, as
this request, I hope, I may forbear.

For my estate, because your honour hath care of it,
it is thus : I shall be able, with selling the skirts of my
living in Hertfordshire (6), to preserve the body;
and to leave myself, being clearly out of debt, and
having some money in my pocket, 3001. land per an-
num, with a fair house, and the ground well timbered.
This is now my labour.

For my purpose or course, I desire to meddle as lit-
tle as I can in the king's causes, his majesty now
abounding in council ; and to follow my private thrift
and practice, and to marry with some convenient ad-
vancement. For as for any ambition I do assure your
honour, mine is quenched. In the queen's, my excel-
lent mistress's, time the quorum was small : her service
was a kind of freehold, and it was a more solemn
time. All those points agreed with my nature and
judgment. My ambition now I shall only put upon
my pen, whereby I shall be able to maintain memory
^nd merit of the times succeeding.

Lastly, for this divulged and almost prostituted
title of knighthood, I could without charge, by your
honour's mean, be content to have it, both because
of this late disgrace, and because I have three new

(li) Gorhambury.

Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon. 49

knights in my mess in Gray VInn commons ; and be-
cause I have found out an alderman 's daughter (c), an
handsome maiden, to my liking. So as if your he*
nour will find the time, I will come to the court from
Gorhambury, upon any warning.

How my sales go forward, your lordship shall in a
few days hear. Mean while, if you will not be
pleased to take farther day with this lewd fellow, I
iiope your lordship will not suffer him to take any
part of the penalty, but principal, interest, and costs.

So I remain your Lordship's most bounden,

3 July, 1603. FR. BACON.

To the same.

It may please your good Lordship,

IN answer of your last letter, your money shall be
ready before your day, principal, interest, and costs of
suit. So the sheriff promised, when I released errors ;
and a Jew takes no more. The rest cannot be for-
gotten; for I cannot forget your lordship's dum memor
ipsemeit and if there have been aliquidnimis, it shall
be amended. And, to be plain with your lordship,
that will quicken me now which slackened me be-
fore. Then I thought you might have had more use
of me than now, I suppose you are like to have. Not
but I think the impediment will be rather in my mind
than in the matter or times. But to do you service,
1 will come out of my religion at any time.

For my knighthood («), I wish the mannegfciight
be such as might grace me, since the matter wm not;
I mean, that I might not be merely gregarious in a

(c) Probably the lady, whom he afterwards married, Alice, one
of the daughters and coheirs of Benedict Barnham, Esq; alderman
of London. She survived her husband above twenty years. 14f:t
of lord Bacon, by Dr. William liawlty.

(a) He was knighted at Whitehall, 23 JuJf, 1603,
VOL. VI. E

Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

troop. The coronation (b) is at hand. It may please
your lordship to let me hear from you speedily. S'o I
continue

Your Lordship's ever much bounde?iy
From Gorhambury, this

16th of July, 1603. FR. BACON.'

To Sir JOHN DAVIS, his Majesty's Attorney
neral in Ireland *.

lections of

Robert Mr. Attorney y

EsqPde-$' I THANK you for your letter, and the discourse
ceased. you sent of ^jg new accident, as things then ap-
peared. I see manifestly the beginning of better or
worse: but methinketh it is first a tender of the bet-
ter, and worse folio weth but upon refusal or default*
I would have been glad to see your here ; but I hope
occasion reserveth our meeting for a vacation, when
we may have more fruit of conference. To requite
your proclamation, which, in my judgment, is wisely
and seriously penned, I send you another with us,
which happened to be in my hands when yours came.
I would be glad to hear often from you, and to be ad-
vertised how things pass, whereby to have some oc-
casion to think some good thoughts ; though I can do
little. At the least it will be a continuance in exer-
cise of our friendship, which on my part remaineth
increased by that I hear of your service, and the good
respects I find towards myself. And so in Tormour's
haste^tcontinue

Your very loving friend,

FR. BACON.

From Gray's-Inn, this 23d of Octob. 1607.

(b) It was solemnised, 21 July, 1603.

Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

To ISAAC CASAUBON (a).

CUMexliteris,quasad dominumCarewmisisti, cog-
noscam scripta mea a te probari, et mihi de judicio tuo
gratulatus sum, et tibi, quam ea res mihi fuerit volup-
tati, scribendum existimavi. Atque illud etiam de
me recte auguraris, me scientias ex latebris in lucem
extrahere vehementer cupere. Neque enim multum
interest ea per otium scribi, qua? per otium legantur,
sed plane vitam, et res humanas, et medias earum tur-
bas, per contemplationes sanas et veras instructiores
esse volo. Quanta autem in hoc genere aggrediar,
et quam parvis przesidiis, postmodum fortasse re-
sclsces. Etiam tu pariter gratissimum mihi fades, si
quae in animo habes atque moliris et agitas, mihi nota
esse velis. Nam conjuctionem animorum et studio-
rum plus facere ad amicitias judico, quamciviles ne-
cessitatis et occasionum officia. Equidem existimo
neminem unquam magis vere potuisse dicere de sese,
quam me ipsum, illud quod habet psalmus, multum in-
cola fiat anima mea. Itaque magis videor cum antj-
quis versari, quam cum his, quibuscum vivo. Quid ni
etiam possim cum absentibus potius versari, quam
cum iis, qui praesto sunt ; et magis electione in ami-
citiis uti, quam occasionibus de more submitti ? Ve-
rum ad institutum revertor ego ; si qua in re amicitia
mea tibi aut tuis usui aut ornamento esse possit, tibi
operam meam bonam atque navam polliceor. Itaque
salutem tibi dicit

Amicus tuiiSy &c.

Indorsed, To Casaubon.

(a] This letter appears to have been written after Sir George
Carew, mentioned in it, returned from his embassy in France, in
October, 1609; and before the arrival of Casaubon in England, in
Octob. 1610.

E 2

Letters , etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon,

The beginning of a Letter immediately after my
my Lord Treasurer's (a) decease (6).

May 29, 1612.

It may please your Majesty,

IF I shall seem in these few lines to write majoraquam
profortund, it may please your majesty to take it to be
an effect, not of presumption, but of affection. For
of the one, I was never noted ; and for the other I
could never shew it hitherto to the full ; being as a
hawk tied to another's fist, that might sometimes bait
and proffer, but could never fly. And therefore if,
as it was said to one, that spoke great words, Amice,
verba tua desiderant clmtatem (c), so your majesty say
to me, " Bacon, your words require a place to speak
" them ;" I must answer, that place, or not place,
is in your majesty to add or refrain : and though I
never grow eager but to****** yet your ma-
jesty

To the KING, immediately after the Lord Trea-
surer's death.

31 May, 1612.

It may please your excellent Majesty,

I cannot but endeavour to merit, considering your
preventing graces, which is the occasion of these few
lines.

Your majesty hath lost a great subject and a great ser-
vant. But if I should praise him in propriety, I should
say, that he was a fit man to keep things from growing
worse ; but no very fit man to reduce things to be
much better. For he loved to have the eyes of all Israel

(a) Robert earl of Salisbury, who died 24- Maf, 1612.

(/>) The draught of this imperfect letter is written chiefly in
Greek characters.

(c) These words of Themistocles are cited likewise by lord
Bacon at the end of his book De Augmeiitis Sdentiarum.

Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

a little too much on himself, and to have all business
still under the hammer ; and, like clay in the hands of
the potter, to mould it as he thought good; so that
he was more in in operalione than in opere. And
though he had fine passages of action, yet the real
conclusions came slowly on. So that although your
majesty hath grave counsellors and worthy persons left ;
yet you do, as it were, turn a leaf, wherein if your ma-
jesty shall give a frame and constitution to matters,
before you place the persons, in my simple opinion it
were not amiss. But the great matter, and most in-
stant for the present, is the consideration of a parlia-
ment, for two effects : the one for the supply of your
estate ; the other for the better knitting of the hearts
of your subjects unto your majesty, according to your
infinite merit ; for both which, parliaments have been,
and are, the antient and honourable remedy.

Now because I take myself to have a little skill in
that region, as one, that ever affected, that your ma-
jesty might, in all your causes, not only prevail, but
prevail with satisfaction of the inner man; and though
no man can say but I was a perfect and peremptory
royalist, yet every man makes me believe that I was
never one hour out of credit with the lower house : my
desire is to know, whether your majesty will give me
leave to meditate and propound unto you some pre-
parative remembrances, touching the future parlia-
ment.

Your m?jesty may truly perceive, that, though I
cannot challenge to myself either invention, or judg-
ment, or elocution, or method, or any of those powers,
yet my offering is care and observance : and as my
good old mistress was wont to call me her watch-can-
dle, because it pleased her to say, I did continualiy
burn, and yet she suffered me to waste almost to no-
thing ; so I must much more owe the like duty to
your majesty, by whom my fortunes have been set-
tled and raised. And so craving pardon, I rest

Your Majesty s most humble servant devote,

F, Bv

Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon,.

To the KING.

It may please your excellent Majesty,

MY principal end being to do your majesty service,
I crave leave to make at this time to your majesty this
most humble oblation of myself. I may truly say with
the psalm, Multum incola fuit anima mea ; for my
life hath been conversant in things, wherein I take
little pleasure. Your majesty may have heard some-
what, that my father was an honest man ; and some-
what yet I may have been of myself, though not to
make any true judgment by, because I have hitherto
had only potestatem verborum, nor that neither. I was
three or my young years bred with an ambassador (a)
in France, and since I have been an old truant in the
school-house of your council-chamber, though on the
second form ; yet longer than any, that now sitteth,
Jiath been in the head form. If your majesty find any
aptness in me, or if you find any scarcity in others,
whereby, you may think it fit for your service to re-
move me to business of state, although I have a fair
way before me for profit, and by your majesty's grace
and favour, for honour and advancement, and in a
course less exposed to the blast of fortune; yet now
that he (b) is gone, quo vivente inrtutibus certissimiun
exitium, I will be ready as a chessman to be, where-
ever your majesty's royal hand shall set me. Your
majesty will bear me witness, I have not suddenly
opened myself thus far. I have looked on upon
others. I see the exceptions ; I see the distractions ;
and I fearTacitus will be a prophet, magisalii homines,
quam alii mores. I know mine own heart ; and I
know not, whether God, that hath touched my heart
with the affection, may not touch your royal heart to
discern it. Howsoever, I shall go on honestly in
mine ordinary course, and supply the rest in prayers
for you, remaining, &c.

(«) Sir Amias Poulet, who was sent ambassador to France, in
September, 1576. He was succeeded by Sir Edward Stafford, iu
December, 1578.

(b) Lord Treasurer Salisbury,

Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

To the KING, (a)

*** Lastly, I will make two prayers unto your
majesty, as I used to do to God Almighty, when I
commend to him his own glory and cause ; so I will
pray to your majesty for yourself.

The one is, that these cogitations of want do not
any ways trouble or vex your mind. I remember,
Moses saith of the land of promise, that it was not like
the land of Egypt, that was watered with a river, but
was watered with showers from heaven; whereby I
gather, God preferreth sometimes uncertainties before
certainties, because they teach a more immediate de-
pendence upon his providence. Sure I am, nil nom
accidit vobis. It is for no new thing for the greatest
kings to be in debt : and, if a man shall parvis com-
poncre magna, I have seen an earl of Leicester, a
chancellor Hatton, an earl of Essex, and an earl of
Salisbury in debt ; and, yet was it no manner of di-
minution to their power or greatness.

My second prayer is, that your majesty, in respect
of the hasty freeing of your state, would not descend
to any means, or degree of means, which carrieth not
a symmetry with your majesty and greatness. He is
gone, from whom those courses did wholly flow. So
have your wants and necessities in particular, as it
were, hanged up in two tablets before the eyes of your
lords and commons to be talked of for four months
together ; to have all your courses to help yourself
in revenue or profit put into printed books, which
were wont to be held arcana imperil : to have such
worms of aldermen to lend for ten in the hundred upon
good assurance, and with such**, as if it should save
the bark of your fortune : to contract still where
might be had the readiest payment, and not the best-
bargain : to stir a number of projects for your profit,
and then to blast them, and leave your majesty nothing
but the scandal of them : to pretend an even earring'

(a) The beginning of this letter is wanting,

56 Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

between your majesty's rights and the ease of the
people, and to satisfy neither. These courses and
others the like, I hope, are gone with the deviser of
them; which have turned your majesty to inestimable
prejudice, (b)

I hope your majesty will pardon my liberty of
writing. I know these things are majora quam pro
fortimd : but they are minor a quam pro studio et vo-
luntate. I assure myself, your majesty taketh not me
for one of a busy nature ; for my state being free from
all difficulties, and I having such a large field for con-
templations, as I have partly, and shall much more
make manifest to your majesty and the world, to
occupy my thoughts, nothing could make me active,
but love and affection. So praying my God to bless
and favour your person and estate, &c.

To the KING.

It may please your excellent Majesty,

I HAVE, with all possible diligence since your
majesty 's progress, attended the service committed to
the sub-commissioners, touching the repair and im-
provement of your majesty's means : and this I have
done, not only in meeting, and conference, and de-
bate with the rest; but also by my several and private
meditation and inquiry. So that, besides the joint
account, which we shall give to the lords, I hope I

(b} It will be but justice to the memory of the earl of Salisbury to
remark, that this disadvantageous character of him by Sir Francis
Bacon seems to have been heightened by the prejudices of the latter
against that able minister, grounded upon some suspicions, that the
carl had not served him with so much zeal, as he might have expected
from so near a relation, either in queen Elizabeth's reign, or that of
her successor. Nor is it any just imputation on his lordship, that he
began to decline in king James Fs good opinion, when his majesty's
ill oeconomy occasioned demands on the lord treasurer, which all his
skill, in the business of the finances, could not answer, but which
drew from him advices and remonstrances still extant, which that
king, not being very ready to profit by, conceived some resentment
against his old servant, and even retained it against his memory.

Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon. 57

shall be able to give your majesty somewhat ex pro-
prio. For as no man loveth better consulere in com-
mune than I do ; neither am I of those fine ones, that
use to keep back any thing, wherein they think they
may win credit apart, and so make the consultation
almost inutile. So nevertheless, in cases, where mat-
ters shall fall in upon the bye, perhaps of no less worth
than that, which is the proper subject of the consul-
tation ; or where I find things passed over too slightly,
or in cases, where that, which t should advise, is of
that nature, as I hold it not fit to be communicated
to all those with whom I am joined ; these parts of
business I put to my private account ; not because I
would be officious, (though I profess 1 would do works
of supererogation, if I could) but in a true discretion
and caution. And your majesty had some taste in
those notes, which I gave you for the wards, (which it
pleased you to say were no tricks nor novelties, but
true passages of business) that mine own particular
remembrances and observations are not like to be
unprofitable. Concerning which notes for the wards,
though I might say, sic vos non vobis s yet let that
pass.

I have also considered fully of that great proposi-
tion, which your majesty commended to my care and
study, touching the conversion of your revenue of land
into a multiplied present revenue of rent : wherein I
say, 1 have considered of the means and course to be
taken, of the assurance, of the rates, of the exceptions,
and of the arguments for and against it. For though
the project itself be as old as I can remember, and
falleth under every man's capacity; yet the dispute
and manage o! it asketh a great deal of consideration
and judgment ; projects being like /Esop's tongues,
the best meat and the worst, as they are chosen and
handled. But surely, ubi deficiuut remcdia ordinaria,
rccurrcndum est ad extraordinaria. Of this also I am
ready to give your majesty an account.

Generally upon this subject of the repair of your
majesty's means,, I beseech your majesty to give me
leave to mak^fhis judgment^ that your majesty's re*

Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

covery must be by the medicines of the Galenists and
Arabians, and not of the Chemists or Paracelsians.
For it will not be wrought by any one fine extract or
strong water ; but by a skilful company of a number
of ingredients, and those by just weight and propor-
tion, and that of some simples, which perhaps of them-
selves, or in over-great quantity, were little better than
poisons; but mixed, and broken, and in just quantity,
are full of virtue. And secondly, that as your ma-
jesty's growing behind-hand hath been work of time;
so must likewise be your majesty's coming forth and
making even. Not but I wish it were by all good
and fit means accelerated ; but that I foresee, that if
your majesty shall propound to yourself to do it per
saltum, it can hardly be without accidents of prejudice
to your honour, safety, or profit.

Indorsed,

My letter to the KING, touching his estate in ge-
neral, September 18th, 1612.

In HENRICUM Principem Walliae Elogium
FRANCISCI BACONI. (<z) !

HENRICUS primogenitus regis Magnae Britan-
niae, princeps Walliae, antea spe beatus, nunc memo-
ria felix, diem suum obiit 6 Novemb. anno 1612. Is
magno totius regni luctu et desiderio extinctus est,
utpote adolescens, qui animos hominum nee offen-
disset nee satiasset. Excitaverat autem propter bo-
nam indolem multiplices apud plurimos omnium ordi-
num spes, nee ob brevitatem vitas frustraverat. Illud
imprimis accessit, quod in causa religion is firmus
vulgo habebatur : prudentioribus quoque hoc animo
penitus insiderat, adversus insidias conjurationum,
cui malo setas nostra vix remedium reperit, patri eum

(«) Harl. MSS. Vol. } 993. fol. 75. It seems to me no improbable
supposition, that this character was intended to be sent to Thuanus,
in order to be inserted in his excellent history, if he should have
continued it to the year 1612, whereas it reached only to 1607.

Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

instar prsesidii et scutt fuisse, adeo ut et religionis et
regis apud populurn amor in eum redundaret, et in
aestimationem jacturas merito annumeraretur. Erat
corpora validus et erectus, statura mediocri, decora
membrorum compage, incessu regio, facie oblonga et
in maciem inclinante, habitu plenior, vultu compo-
sito, oculorum motu magis sedato quam forti. Inerant
quoque et in fronte severitatis signa, et in ore nonni-
hil fastus. Sed tarn en si quis ultra exteriora ilia pe-
netraverat, et eum obsequio debito et sermone tem-
pestivo deliniverat, utebatur eo benigno et facili, ut
alius longe videretur colloquio quam aspectu, talisque
prorsus erat, qui famam sui excitaret moribus dissi-
milem. Laudis et gloriae fuit procul dubio appetens,
et ad omnem speciem boni et auram decoris com-
inovebatur ; quod adolescent! pro virtutibus est. Nam
et arnia ei in honore erant ac viri militares ; quin et
ipse quiddam bellicum spirabat ; et rnagnificentiae
operum, licet pecuniae alioquin satis parcus, deditus
erat : amator insuper antiquitatis et artium. Literis
quoque plus honoris attribuit quam temporis. In mo-
ribus ejus nihil laudandum magis fuit, quam quod in
ornni genere officiorum probe institutus credebatur
et congruus : rllius regi patri mire obsequens, etiam
reginam multo cultu demerebat, erga fratrem indul-
gens; sororem vero unice amabat, quam etiam, quan-
tum potuit virilis forma ad eximiam virginalem pul-
chritudinem, collata, referebat. Etiam magistri et
educatores pueritise ejus, quod raro fieri solet, magna
in gratia apud eum manserant. Sermone vero obse-
quii idem exactor et memor. Denique in quotidiano
vitse genere, et assignatione horarum ad singula vitae
njunera, magis quam pro aetate constans atque ordina-
tus. Affectus ei inerant non nimium vehementes, et
potius aequales quam magni. Etenim de rebus ama-
toriis mirum in ilia a^tate silentium, ut prorsus lubi-
crum illud adolescentiae suai tempus in tanta fortuna,
et valetudine satis prospera, absque aliqua insigni
nota amorum transigeret. Nemo reperiebatur in aute
ejus apud eum praspotens, aut in animo ejus validus :
quin et studia ipsa, quibus capiebatur maxime, potius

60 Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacoji.

tempora patiebantur quam excessus, et magis repetita
erant per vices, quam quod extaret aliquod unum,
quod reliqua superaret et compesceret, sive ea mode-
ratio fuit, sive in natura non admodum praecoci, sed
lente maturescente, non cernebantur adhuc quae pra?-
valitura erant. Ingenio certe pollebat, eratque et
curiosus satis et capax, sed sermone tardior et tan-
quam impeditus: tamen si quis diligenter observave-
rat ea, quae ab eo proferebantur, sive qusestionis vim
obtinebant, sive sentential, ad rem omnino erant, et
captum non vulgarem arguebant -, ut in ilia loquendi
tarditate et raritate judicium ejus magis suspensum
videretur et anxium, quam infirmum aut hebes. In-
terim audiendi miris modis patiens, etiam in negotiis,
quae in longitudinem porrigebanturs idque cum atten-
tione et sine taedio, ut raro animo peregrinaretur aut
fessa mente aliquid ageret, sed ad ea, quae dicebantur,
aut agebantur, animum adverteret atque applicaret ;
quod magnam ei, si vita suppetiisset, prudentiara
spondebat. Certe in illius principis natura plurima
erant obscura, neque judicio cujuspiam patefacienda,
sed tempore, quod ei prasreptum est. Attamen quas
apparebant, optima erant, quod famse satis est. Mor-
tuus est aetatis suae anno decimo nono ex febri contu-
maci, quae ubique a magnis et insulanis fere insolitis
siccitatibus ac fervoribus orta per aestatem populariter
grassabatur, sed raro funere; dein sub autumnum erat
facta lethalior. Addidit fama atrocior, ut ille (b) ait,
erga dominantium exitus suspicionem veneni. Sed
cum nulla ejus rei extarent indicia, praesertim in
ventriculo, quod praecipue a veneno pati solet, is
sermo cito evanuit.

b Tacit. Anna!. 1. iv. 11.

Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon. 61

The following translation is an attempt, for the
sake of the English reader, to give the sense
of the original, without pretending to reach
the force and conciseness of expression pecu-
liar to the great writer as well as to the Ro-
man language.

HENRY Prince of Wales, eldest son of the king
of Great Britain, happy in the hopes conceived of
him, and now happy in his memory, died on the 6th
of Nov. 1612, to the extreme concern and regret of
the whole kingdom, being a youth, who had neither
offended nor satiated the minds of men. He had by
the excellence of his disposition excited high expec-
tations among great numbers of all ranks; nor had
through the shortness of his life disappointed them.
One capital circumstance added to these was the
esteem, in which he was commonly held, of being
firm to the cause of religion : and men of the best
judgment were fully persuaded, that his life was a
great support and security to his father from the danger
of conspiracies ; an evil, against which our age has
scarce found a remedy ; so that the people's love of
religion and the king overflowed to the prince; and
this consideration deservedly heightened the sense
of the loss of him. His person was strong and
erect; his stature of a middle size; his limbs well
made; his gait and deportment majestic; his face
long and inclining to leanness ; his habit of body full ;
his look grave, and the motion of his eyes rather com-
posed than spirited. In his countenance were some
marks of severity, and in his air some appearance of
haughtiness. But whoever looked beyond these out-
ward circumstances, and addressed and softened him
with a due respect and seasonable discourse, found
the prince to be gracious and easy ; so that he seemed
wholly different in conversation from what he was in.
appearance, and in fact raised in others an opinion of
himself very unlike what his manner would at first

62 Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

have suggested. He was unquestionably ambitious
of commendation and glory, and was strongly af-
fected by every appearance of what is good and ho-
nourable; which in a young man is to be considered
as virtue. Arms and military men were highly valued
by him; and he breathed himself something warlike.
He was much devoted to the magnificence of buildings
and works of all kinds, though in other respects
rather frugal ; and was a lover both of antiquity
and arts. He shewed his esteem of learning in ge-
neral more by the countenance which he gave to it,
than by the time which he spent in it. His conduct
in respect of morals did him the utmost honour; for
he was thought exact in the knowledge and practice
of every duty. His obedience to the king his father
was wonderfully strict and exemplary : towards the
queen he behaved with the highest reverence: to his
brother he was indulgent ; and had an intire affection
for his sister, whom he resembled in person as much
as that of a young man could the beauty of a virgin.
The instructors orhis younger years (which rarely hap-
pens) continued high in his favour. In conversation
he both expected a proper decorum, and practised it.
In the daily business of life, and the allotment of
hours for the several offices of it, he was more con-
stant and regular than is usual at his age. His
affections and passions were not strong, but rather
equal than warm. With regard to that of love, there
was a wonderful silence, considering his age, so
that he passed that dangerous time of his youth, in
the highest fortune, and in a vigorous state of health,
without any remarkable imputation of gallantry. In
his court no person was observed to have any as-
cendant over him, or strong interest with him: and
even the studies, with which he was most delighted,
had rather proper times assigned them, than were in-
dulged to excess, and were rather repeated in their
turns, than that any one kind of them had the pre-
ference of, and controlled the rest: whether this arose
from the moderation of his temper, and that in a ge-
nius not very forward, but ripening by slow degrees,

Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacoji. 63

it did not yet appear what would be the prevailing
object of his inclination. He had certainly strong parts,
and was endued with both curiosity and capacity ;
but in speech he was slow, and in some measure
hesitating. But whoever diligently observed what
fell from him either by way of question or remark,
saw it to be full to the purpose, and expressive of
no common genius. So that under that slowness
and infrequency of discourse, his judgment had more
the appearance of suspence and solicitude to deter-
mine rightly, than of weakness and want of appre-
hension. In the mean time he was wonderfully pa-
tient in hearing, even in business of the greatest
length; and this with unwearied attention, so that his
mind seldom wandered from the subject, or seemed
fatigued, but he applied himself wholly to what was
said or done : which (if his life had been lengthened)
promised a very superior degree of prudence. There
were indeed in the prince some things obscure, and
not to be discovered by the sagacity of any person,
but by time only, which was denied him ; but what
appeared were excellent, which is sufficient for his
fame.

He died in the 19th year of his age of an obsti-
nate fever, which during the summer, through the
excessive heat and dryness of the season, unusual to
islands, had been epidemical, though not fatal, but
in autumn became more mortal. Fame, which, as Ta-
citus says, is more tragical with respect to the deaths
of princes, added a suspicion of poison : but as no
signs of this appeared, especially in his stomach,
which uses to be chiefly affected by poison, this report
soon vanished.

To the KING,

May it please your Majesty,

ACCORDING to your highness's pleasure signified
by my lord Chamberlain (d)y I have considered of

(«) Thomas Howard, earl of Suffolk.

Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

the petition of certain baronets (b] made unto your
majesty for confirmation and extent or explanation
of certain points mentioned in their charter ; and am
of opinion, that first, whereas it is desired, that the
baronets be declared a middle degree between baron
and knight, I hold this to be reasonable as to their
placing.

Secondly, where it is desired, that unto the \vords
degree or dignify of baron, the word honour might be
added ; I know very well, that in the preface of the
baronet's patent it is mentioned, that all honours are
derived from the king. I find also, that in the pa-
tent of the baronets, which are marshalled under the
barons, except it be certian principals, the v/ord ho-
nour is granted. I find also, that the word dignity is
many times in law a superior word to the word ho-
nour, as being applied to the king himself, all capi-
tal indictments concluding contra coronam et dignita-
tem nostram. It is evident also, that the word honour
and honourable are used in these times in common
speech very promiscuously. Nevertheless, because the
style of honour belongs chiefly to peers and coun-
sellors, I am doubtful vvhat opinion to give therein.

Thirdly, whereas it is believed, that if there be any
question of precedence touching baronets, it may be
ordered that the same be decided by the commissioners
marshal, I do not see but it may be granted them
for avoiding disturbances.

Fourthly, for the precedence of baronets, I find no
alteration or difficulty, except it be in this, that the
daughters of baronets are desired to be declared to
have precedence before the wives of knights eldest
sons; which, because it is degree hereditary, and that
in all examples, the daughters in general have place
next the eldest brothers wives, I hold convenient.

(/>) The order of baronets was created by patent of king James I.
dated the 22d of May, 1611. The year following, a decree was
Biade relating to their place and precedence, and four years after,'
namely, in lo' 1 6, another decree to the same purpose. See Seldenjs
Titles of Honour, Fart II. Ch. V. p. «21. Ch. XI. p, 906, and 5 10.
2dKdit. fol. 1631.

Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon. 65

Lastly, whereas it is desired, that the apparent
heirs males of the bodies of the baronets may be
knighted during the life of their fathers; for that I
have received from the lord Chamberlain a signifi-
cation, that your majesty did so understand it, I hum-
bly subscribe thereunto, with this, that the baronets
eldest sons being knights do not take place of an-
tient knights, so long as their fathers live.

All which nevertheless I humble submit to your
majesty's better judgment.

Your Majesty s most humble

and most bounden servant,

FR. BACON.

•
The charge against Mr. WHITELOCKE. (a)

My Lords,

THE offence, wherewith Mr. Whitelocke is
charged, for as to Sir Robert Mansell, I take it to my
part only to be sorry for his error, is a contempt of a
high nature, and resting upon two parts : on the one>

(a) He had been committed, in May 1613, to the Fleet; for speak-
ing too boldly against the marshal's court, and for giving his opinion
to Sir Robert Mansell, treasurer of the navy, and vice-admiral, that
the commission to the earl of Nottingham, lord high admiral, for
reviewing and reforming the disorders committed by the officers of
the navy, was not according to law ; though Mr. Whitelocke had
given that opinion only in private to his client, and not under his hand.
Sir Robert Mansell was also committed to the Marshalsea, for anima-
ting the lord admiral against the commission. [Sir Ralph Wind-
wood's Memorials of State, Vol. III. p. 460.] This Mr. Whitelocke
was probably the same with James Whitelocke, who was born in
London, 28 November, 1572, educated at Merchant-taylors school
there, and St. John's college in Oxford, and studied law in the Middle
Temple, of which he was summer reader in 1619. In the preceding
year, 16,18, he stood for the place of recorder of the city of London,
but was not elected to it, Robert Heath, Esq ; being chosen on the
10th of November, chiefly by the recommendation of the king, the
city having been told, that they must choose none, whom his majesty
should refuse, as he did in particular except to Mr. Whitelocke by
name [MS. letter of M. Chamberlain to Sir Dudley Carleton,
November 14, 1618.] Mr. Whitelocke, however, was called to

VOL. VI. F

Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

a presumptuous and licentious censure arid defying of
his majesty's prerogative in general ; the other a
slander and traducement of one act or emanat:on
hereof, containing a commission of survey and re-
formation of abuses in the office of the navy.

This offence is fit to be opened and set before your
lordships, as it hath been well begun, both in the
true state and in the true weight of it. For as I de-
sire, that the nature of the offence may appear in its
true colours ; so, on the other side, I desire, that the
shadow of it may not darken or involve any thing
that is lawful, or agreeable with the just and reason-
able liberty of the subject.

First, we must and do agree, that the asking, and
taking, and giving of counsel in law is an essential
part of justice ; and to deny that, is to shut the gate
of justice, which in the Hebrews commonwealth was
therefore held in the gate, to shew all passage to
justice must be open : and certainly counsel in law is
one of the passages. But yet, for all that, this li-
berty is not infinite and without limits.

Ir a jesuited papist should come, and ask counsel
(I put a case not altogether feigned) whether all the
acts of parliament made in the time of queen Eliza-
beth and king James are void or no ; because there
are no lawful bishops sitting in the upper house, and
a parliament must consist of lords spiritual and tem-
poral and commons ; and a lawyer will set it under
his hand, that they be all void, I will touch him for
high treason upon this his counsel.

So, if a puritan. preacher will ask counsel, whether
he may stile the king Defender of the Faith, because
he receives not the discipline and presbytery ; and the
lawyer will tell him, it is no part of the king's stile,
it will go hard with such a lawyer.

Or if a tribunitious popular spirit will go and ask a

the degree of serjeant in Trinity-term 1620, knighted, made chief
justice of Chester ; and at last,.on the ISth of October, 1624, one of
the justices of the King's-bench ; in which post he died June, 1632.
He was father of Bulstrode Whitelocke, Esq; commissioner of the
great seal.

Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon. 67

lawyer, whether the oath and band of allegiance be to
the kingdom and crown only, and not to the king, as
was Hugh Spenser's case, and he deliver his opinion
as Hugh Spenser did ; he will be in Hugh Spenser's
danger.

So as the privilege of giving counsel proveth not
all opinions : and as some opinions given are traiter-
ous; so are there others of a much inferior nature,
which are contemptuous. And among these I reckon
Mr. Whitelocke's; for as for his loyalty and true
heart to the king, God forbid I should doubt it.

Therefore let no man mistake so far, as to conceive,
that any lawful and due liberty of the subject for
asking counsel in law is called in question when
points of disloyalty or of contempt are restrained. Nay,
we see it is the grace and favour of the king and his
courts, that if the case be tender, and a wise lawyer
in modesty and discretion refuseth to be of counsel,
for you have lawyers sometimes" too nice as well
as too bold, they are then ruled and assigned to be
of counsel. For certainly counsel is the blind man's
guide ; and sorry I am with all my heart, that in this
case the blind did lead the blind.

For the offence, for which Mr. Whitelocke is
charged, I hold it great, and to have, as I said at
first, two parts; the one a censure, and, as much
as in him is, a circling, nay a clipping, of the king's
prerogative in general: the other, a slander and de-
pravation of the king's power and honour in this
commission.

And for the first of these, I consider it again in
three degrees : first, that he presumed to censure
the king's prerogative at all. Secondly, that he
runneth into the generality of it more than was per-
tinent to the present question. And lastly, that he
hath erroneously, and falsely, and dangerously given
opinion in derogation of it.

First, I make a great difference between the king's
grants and ordinary commissions of justice, and the
king's high commissions of regiment, or mixed with
causes of state,

F 2

Letter s> etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacdn<

For the former, there is no doubt but they may be
freely questioned and disputed, and any defect in
matter or form stood upon, though the king be many
times the adverse party :

But for the latter sort, they are rather to be dealt
with, if at all, by a modest, and humble intimation
or remonstrance to his majesty and his council, than
by bravery of dispute or peremptory opposition.

Of this kind is that properly to be understood,
which is said in Bracton, DC cliartis ct fact is regiis
non dcbtnt aid possunt justitiarii ant private per-
sona disputare, std tutins est, id expectttur sententia

regis.

And the king's courts themselves have been ex-
ceeding tender and sparing in it; so that there is
in all our law not three cases of it. And in that very
case of 21 Ed. 3. ass. pi. s. which. Mr. Whitelocke
vouched, where, as it was a commission to arrest a
man, and to carry him to prison, and to seize his
goods without any form of justice or examination
preceding; and that the judges saw it was obtained
by surreption : yet the judges said they would keep
it by them, and shew it to the king's council.

But Mr. Whitelocke did not advise his client
to acquaint the king's council with it, but pre*
sumptuously giveth opinion, that it is void. Nay,
not so much as a clause or passage of modesty, as
that he submits his opinion to censure : that it is
too great a matter for him to deal in ; or this is
my opinion, which is nothing, &c. But illotis mani-
bus, he takes it into his hands, and pronounceth of
it, as a man would scarcely do of a warrant of a
justice of peace, and speaks like a dictator, that
this is tot', and this is against law, &c, ( b )

ROBERT.

(b) Sir H. Wotton, in a letter of his to Sir Edmund Bacon, \Reliq*
Wottan, p. 421 . edit. 3d] written about the beginning of June, 1613,
mentions, that Sir Robert Mansell and Mr. Whitelocke were, on the
Saturday before, called to a very honourable hearing in the queen's
presence-chamber at Whitehall, before the lords of the council, with
intervention of the lord chief justice Coke, the lord chief baron Tan.

Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon. 69

ROBERT Earl of SOMERSET to Sir THOMAS
OVERBURY (a). From a copy artlong Lord
BACON'S papers in the Lambeth library.

SIS,

I HAVE considered that my answer to you, and
what I have otherwise to say, will exceed the bounds
of a letter ; and now having not much time to use
betwixt my waiting on the king, and the removes we
clo make in this our little progress, I thought fit to
use the same man to you, whom I have heretofore
many times employed in the same business. He has,
besides an account and a better description of me tQ
give you, to make a repetition of the former car-
riages of all this business, that you may distinguish
that, which he did by knowledge of mine and di-
rection, and betwixt that he did out of his own dis-
cretion without my warrant. With all this he has to
renew to you a former desire of mine, which was the
ground-work of this, and the chief errand of his
coming to you, wherein I desire your answer by him,
I would not employ this gentleman to you, if he were,
as you conceit of him, your unfriend, or an ill instru-
ment betwixt us. So owe him the testimony of one,

TanfiekJ, and the piaster of the rolls ; the lord chief justice of the
King's-bench, Fleming, being kept at home by some infirmity. There
the attorney and solicitor first undertook Mr. Whitelocke, and the
recorder, [Henry Montagu], as the king's serjeant, Sir Robert Man-
sell, charging the one as a counsellor, the other as a questioner, in
matters of the king's prerogative and sovereignty upon occasion of
a commission intended for a research into the administration of the
admiralty. " Whitelocke in his answer," adds Sir Henry Wotton,
«' spake more confusedly than was expected from a lawyer; and the
" knight more temperately than was expected from a soldier. . . .
" Whitelocke ended his speech with an absolute confession of his
own offence, and with a promise of employing himself hereafter in
defence of the king's prerogative. ... In this they generally agreed,
both counsellors and judges, to represent the humiliation of both
the prisoners to the king, in lieu of innocencv, and to intercede
for his gracious pardon : which was done, and accordingly the
" next day they were inlarged upon a submission under writing."

(«) He was committed to the Tower on the 21st of April,
1613, and died there of poison on the 15th of September following

Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

that has spoken as honestly, and given more praises
of you, than any man, that has spoken to me.

]\£y haste at this time makes me to end sooner than
I expected: but the subject of my next sending shall
be to answer that part you give me in your love,
with a return of the same from

Your assured loving friend,

R. SOMERSET.

Indorsed,

Lord Somerset's first letter.

To the KING.

It may please your most excellent Majesty,

HAVING understood of the death of the lord
Chief Justice, (a) I do ground in all humbleness an
assured hope, that your majesty will not think of any
other but your poor servants, your attorney (6), and
your solicitor, (c) one of them, for that place. Else
we shall be like Noah's dove, not knowing where to
rest our feet. For the places of rest, after the ex-
treme painful places, wherein we serve, have used
to be either the lord Chancellor's place, or the mas-
tership of the rolls, or the places of the chief justices :
whereof, for the first, I could be almost loth to live to
see this worthy counsellor fail. The mastership of
the rolls is blocked with a reversion, (d) My lord
Coke is like to out-live us both. So as, if this turn
fail, I for my part know not whither to look. I have
served your majesty above a prenticehood, full seven
years and more, as your solicitor, which is, I think,

(a) Sir Thomas Fleming, who died about August 1613.

(6) Sir Henry Hobart, who was made lord chief justice of the
common pleas, November 26, 1613, in the room of Sir Edward
Coke, removed to the post of lord chief justice of the King's Bench,
October 25.

(c) Sir Francis Bacon himself, who was appointed attorney gene-
ral, October 27, 1613.

(d} To Sir Julius Caesar.

Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon. 71

one of the painfulest places in your kingdom, specially
as my employments have been ; and God hath
brought mine own years to fifty-two, which I think
is older than ever any solicitor continued unpreferred.
My suit is principally, that you would remove Mr.
Attorney to the place. If he refuse, then I hope
your majesty will seek no farther than myself, that I
may at last, out of your majesty's grace and favour,
step forwards to a place either of more comfort or
more ease. Besides, how necessary it is for your ma-
jesty to strengthen your service amongst the judges by
a chief justice, which is sure to your prerogative, your
majesty knoweth. Therefore I cease farther to trou-
ble your majesty* humbly craving pardon, and relying
wholly upon your goodness and remembrance, and
resting in all true humbleness,

Your Majesty's most devoted,

and faithful subject and servant,

FR. BACON.

Reasons why it should be exceeding much for
his majesty's service to remove the Lord
COKE from the place he now holdeth (a) to
be Chief Justice of England, (6) and the
Attorney (c) to succeed him, and the Solici-
tor (rf) the Attorney.

FIRST, it will strengthen the king's causes greatly
amongst the judges: for both my lord Coke will
think himself near a privy counsellor's place, and
thereupon turn obsequious 5 and the attorney general,

(a) Of chief justice of the common pleas, having been appointed
to that offence June 30, 1 606.

(b) He was advanced to that office October 25, 1613.

(c) Sir Henry Hobart, who had been appointed attorney general
July 4, 1606.

(d) Sir Francis Bacon, who had been sworn solicitor general
June 25, 1607.

72 Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

a new man, and a grave person, in a judge's place,
will come in well to the other, and hold him hard to
it, not without emulation between them, who shall
please the king best.

Secondly, the attorney general sorteth not so well
with his present place, being a man timid and scrupu-
lous both in parliament and other business, and one,
that in a word was made fit for the late lord Trea-
surer's bent, which was to do little with much for-
mality and protestation: whereas the now solicitor
going more roundly to work, and being of a quicker
and more earnest temper, and more effectual in that
he dealeth in, is like to recover that strength to the
king's prerogative, which it hath had in times past,
and which is due unto it. And for that purpose there
must be brought in to be solicitor some man of cou-
rage and speech, and a grounded lawyer ; which
done, his majesty will speedily find a marvellous
change in his business. . For it is not to purpose for
the judges to stand well-disposed, except the king's
council, which is the active and moving part, put
the judges well to it ; for in a weapon, what is a back
without an edge ?

Thirdly, the king shall continue and add reputation
to the attorney's and solicitor's place, by this orderly
advancement of them ; which two places are the
champion's places for his rights and prerogative ; and
being stripped of their expectations and successions to
great place, will wax vile ; and then his majesty's pre-
rogative goeth down the wind. Besides, the remove
of my lord Coke to a place of less profit, though it be
with his will, yet will be thought abroad a kind of
discipline to him for opposing himselt in the king's
causes ; the example whereof will contain others in
more awe.

Lastly, whereas now it is voiced abroad touching
the supply of places, as if it were a matter of labour
and canvass, and money ; and other persons are
chiefly spoken of to be the men, and the great suit-
ors ; this will appear to be the king's own act, and
is a course so natural and regular, as it is without all

"^Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon. 73

suspicion of these by-courses, to the king's infinite
honour. For men say now, the king can make good
second judges, as he hath done lately (e) ; but that
is no mastery, because men sue to be kept from
these places. But now is the trial in those great
places, how his majesty can hold good, where there
is great suit and means.

To the KING.
It may please your most excellent Majesty,

WE have, with all possible care and diligence, con-
sidered Cotton's (a) cause, the former and the latter,

(e) Sir John Dodderidgc was made judge of the King's-bench,
November 25, 1612, and Sir Augustin Nichols of the common
pleas the day following.

(a) The case of this gentleman will render the detail of it neces-
sary for the illustration of this letter ; and the circumstances of it,
not known in our history, may be thought to deserve the reader's
attention, He was a native of the West of England, and a recu-
sant, against whom a proclamation was issued in June 1613, charg-
ing him with high treason against the king and state for having
published a very scandalous and railing book against his majesty,
under the title of Balaam's Ass, which was dropt in the gallery at
Whitehall. Just at the time of publishing this proclamation, he
happened to cross the Thames, and enquiring of the waterman
what news ? they, not knowing him, told him of the proclamation.
At landing, he muffled himself up in his cloke, to avoid being known;
but had not gone many paces, when one Mr. Maine, a friend of his
meeting and discovering him, warned him of his danger ; and
being asked what he would advise him to do, recommended it to
him to surrender himself ;'which he did to the earl of Southampton,
He denied himself tD be the author of the libel : but his study being
searched, among his papers were found many parts of the book,
together with relics of those persons, who had been executed for
the gun-powder treason, as one of Sir Everard Digby's fingers,
a toe of Thomas Percy, some other part of Catesby or Rooke-
wood, and a piece of one of Peter Lambert's ribs. He was kept
prisoner in the Tower till March 1618, when the true author of
the libel was discovered to be John Williams, Esq ; a barrister
of the Middle Temple, who had been expelled the house of com-
mons on account of his being a papist. The discovery was owing
to this accident : a pursuivant in want of money, and desirous to
get some by his employment, waited at the Spanish ambassador's

74 Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

touching the book and the letter in the gilt apple, and
have advisedly perused and weighed all the examina-
tions and collections which were formerly taken 5

door, to see if lie could light upon any prey. At last came out
Mr. Williams, unknown to the pursuivant ; but carrying, in his
conceit, the countenance of a priest. The pursuivant, therefore
followed him to his inn, where Williams having mounted his horse,
the pursuivant came to him,, and told him, that he must speak
a word or two with him. " Marry, with all my heart, said Williams :
what is your pleasure t" You must light, answered the pursuivant ;
for you are a priest. <( A priest? replied Williams: I have a good
•warrant to the contrary, for I have a wife and children." Being,
however, obliged to dismount, the pursuivant searched him ; and in
his pocket was found a bundle of papers sealed up ; which the
pursuivant going to open, Williams made some resistance, pretend-
ing they were evidences of a gentleman, whose law-businesses he
transacted. The pursuivant insisting upon opening the papers,
among them was found Balaam's Ass, with new annotations ; of
which, upon examination, Williams confessed himself to be the
author. He was brought to trial on the 3d of May, 1619, for
writing that and another book intitled Speculum Regale ; in both
of which he had presumed to prophecy, that the king would die
in 1621, grounding this prediction on the prophecy of Daniel,
where the prophet speaks of time and times, and half a time. He
farther affirmed, that Antichrist will be revealed, when sin shall be
at the highest ; and then the end is nigh : that such is our time ;
sin is now at the highest ; ergo that the land is the abomination
of desolation mentioned by Daniel, and the habitation of devils,
and the antimark of Christ's church. Williams's defence was,
1 . That what he had written was not with any malice or dis-
loyalty of hea^t towards the king, but purely from affection, and
by way of caution and admonition, that his majesty might avoid the
mischiefs likely to befal him ; having added in his book, when
he delivered the threats of judgment and destruction, which God
avert, or such words : 2. That the matter rested only in opinion
and thought, and contained no overt act ; no rebellion, treason, or
other mischief following it. 3. That he had inclosed his book in
a box sealed up, and secretly conveyed it to the king, without ever
publishing it. But the court was unanimously of opinion, that he
was guilty of high treason ; and that the words contained in the
libel, as cited above, imported the end and destruction of the king
and his realm ; and that antichristianism and false religion were
maintained in the said realm ; which was a motive to the people
to commit treasons, to raise rebellions, &c. and that the writ-ing
of the book was a publication. Reports of Henry Rolie, serjeant at
luis, part II. p. 88. In consequence of this judgment he had a
sentence of death passed upon him, which was executed over-
against Charing-Cross two days after. MS. letters of Mr. Thomas

Letters, etc* of Lord Chcnicdlor Bacon.

wherein we might attribute a good deal of worthy in-
dustry and watchful inquiry to my lord of Canter-
bury. We thought fit also to take some new exa-
minations; which was the cause we certified no
sooner. Upon the whole matter, we find the cause of
his imprisonmentjust, and the suspicions and presump-
tions many and great; which we little need to mention,
because your majesty did relate and inforced them to
us in better perfection, than we can express them.
But, nevertheless, the proofs seem to us to amount
to this, that it was possible he should be the man ;
and that it was probable likewise, he was the man :
but no convicting proofs, that may satisfy a jury of
life and death, or that may make us take it upon our
conscience, or to, think it agreeable to your majesty's
honour, which next our conscience to God, is the
dearest thing to us on earth, to bring it upon the
stage : which, notwithstanding we, in all humble-
ness, submit to your majesty's better judgment. For
his liberty, and the manner of his delivery, he having

Lorkin to Sir Thomas Puckering, Bart, dated at London, June the
2-Uh and 30th, 1613, and March the 16th, 161 f , and May the 4th
and 5th, 1619, among the Harleian MSS. Vol. 7002. At his death
he adhered to his profession of the Roman Catholic religion, and
died with great resolution. He prayed for the king and prince ;
and said, that he was sorry for having written so saucily and irre-
verently ; but pretended that he had an inward warrant and parti-
cular illumination to understand certain hard passages of Daniel and
the Revelation, which made him adventure so far. MS. letter of
John Chamberlain, Esq; to Sir Dudley Carleton, dated at London,
May 8, 1619.

This case was urged against the seven bishops at their trial in king
James IPs reign by Sir William Williams, then solicitor general,
who observed, Trial, p. 76, that it had been made use of by Mr.
solicitor general Finch on the trial of Col. Sidney, and was the great
"case relied upon, and that guided and governed that case;" though
there is nothing of this, that appears in the printed trial of Sidney.

It is but justice to the memory of our great antiquary, Sir Robert
Cotton, Bart, to remark here a mistake of Dr. Thomas Smith in his
life of Sir Robert, p. 26. prefixed to his catalogue of the Cottoniau
library, where he has confounded the Cotton, mentioned in the
beginning of this note, with Sir Robert Cotton, and erroneously
supposed, that the suspicion of having written the libel had fallen
upon the? latter.

76 Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

so many notes of a dangerous man, we leave it to
your princely wisdom. And so commending your

majesty to God's precious custody, we rest

-
Your Majesty's most humble and bounden servants,

. 22 Jan. 1613. FR. BACON.

H. MONTAGU.
H. YELVERTON.

To JOHN MURRAY (a) of the Bed Chamber to
the KING

Mr. Murray,

I KEEP the same measure in a proportion with my
master and with my friend , which is, that I will
never deceive them in any thing, which is in my
powers and when my power faileth my will, I am
sorry.

Monday is the day appointed for performing his
majesty's commandment. Till then I cannot tell
what to advise you farther, except it should be this,
that in case the judges should refuse to take order in
it themselves, then you must think of some warrant
to Mr. Secretary, who is your friend, and constant in
the businesses, that he see forthwith his majesty's com-
mandment executed, touching the double lock ; and,
if need be, repair to the place, and see by view the
manner of keeping the seal; and take order, that
there be no stay for working of the seal of justice, nor
no prejudice to Killegrew's farm, nor to the duty of
money paid to the chief justice. Whether this may
require your presence, as you write, that yourself can
best judge. But of this more, when we have re-
ceived the judges answer. It is my duty, as much

(«) He was created Viscount of Annan in Scotland, in August,
1 622. Negotiations of Sir Thomas Roe, in his embassy to the Otiomon
Porte, p. 93. In April, 1 524, the lord Annan was created earl of
Annanclale in Scotland. Ibid. p. 250.

(b] This, and the three following letters, are printed from Harl.
MSS. Vol 6936.

Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon. 77

as in me is, to procure my master to be obeyed. I
ever rest

Your friend and assured

January 21, 1614.

FR. BACON.
I pray deliver the inclosed letter to his majesty.

To his very good friend Mr. John Murray, of his
majesty's bed chamber.

To Mr. MURRAY.

Mr. Murray,

MY Lord Chancellor, yesterday in my presence',
had before him the judges of the common pleas, and
hath performed his majesty's royal command in a very
worthy fashion, such as was tit for our master's great-
ness ; and because the king may know it, I send you
the inclosed. This seemeth to have wrought the effect
desired ; for presently I sent for Sir Richard Cox (#),
and willed him to present himself to my lord Hobart,
and signify his readiness to attend. He came back to
me, and told me, all things went on. I know not
what afterwards may be ; but I think this long chace
is at an end. I ever rest

Your's assured,

January 25, 16' 14.

FR. BACON.

To Mr. MURRAY.
Mr. Murray,

I PRAY deliver the inclosed to his majesty, and
have care of the letter afterwards. I have written

(a) He was one of the masters of the green cloth, and had had a
quarrel at court during the Christmas holy-days of the year 1614,
with Sir Thomas Erskine ; which quarrel was made up by the lords
of the marshal's court, Sir Richard being obliged to put up with
very foul words. MS. letter of Mr. Chamberlain to Sir Dudley
Carlelon, January 12, 161 f.

78 Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

also to his majesty about your reference to this pur-
pose, that if you can get power over the whole title,
it may be safe tor his majesty to assent, that you may
try the right upon the deed. This is the farthest I
can go. 1 ever rest

Tour's assured,

February 28, 1614.

FR. BACON.

To the KING.

May it please your most excellent Majesty,
I SEND your majesty inclosed, a copy of our last
examination of Peacham (a], taken the 10th of this

(a) Edmund Peacham, a minister in Somersetshire [MS. letter of
Mr. Chamberlain, dated January 5, 1(3 If]. I find one of both his
names, who was instituted into the vicarage of Ridge in Hertford-
shire, July 22, 1581, and resigned it in 1387 [Nevvcourt, Eepertor.
Vol. I. p. 864-.] Mr. Pcacham was committed to the Tower for
inserting several treasonable passages in a sermon never preached,
nor, as Mr. justice Croke remarks in his Reports during the reign of
king Charles I, p. 125, ever intended to be preached. Mr. Chamber-
lain, in a letter of the 9th of February, 161$, to Sir Dudley Car-
leton, mentions Mr. Peacham's having been " stretched already,
" though he be an old man, and, they say, much above threescore :
" but they could wring nothing out of him more than they had at
" first in his papers. Yet the king is extremely incensed against
" him, and will have him prosecuted to the uttermost." In another
letter, dated February 23, we are informed, that the king, since
his coming to London on the 15th, had had " the opinion of the
" judges severally in Peacham's case ; and it is said, that most of
" them concur to find it treason : yet my lord chief justice [Coke]
" is for the contrary ; and if the lord Hobart, that rides the western
" circuit, can be drawn to jump with his colleague, the chief baron
" [Tanfield,] it is thought he shall be sent down to be tried, and
" trussed up in Somersetshire." In a letter of the 2d of March,
161$, Mr. Chamberlain writes, " Peacham's trial at the western
*' assizes is put off, and his journey stayed, though Sir Randall Crew,
" the king's serjeant, and Sir Henry Yelverton, the solicitor, were
" ready to go to horse to have waited on him there." " Peacham,
" the minister, adds he in a letter of the 13//t of July, 1615, that
" hath been this twelve month in the Tower, is sent down to be
" tried for treason in Somersetshire before the lord chief baron and
" Sir Henry Montagu the recorder. The lord Hobart gave over
" that circuit the last assizes. Sir Randall Crew and Sir Henry
' Yelverton, the king's serjeant and solicitor, are sent down to

Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

present ; whereby your majesty may perceive, that
this miscreant wretch goeth back from all, and de-
nieth his hand and all. No doubt, being fully of be-
lief, that he should go presently down to his trial, he
meant now to repeat his part, which he purposed to
play in the country, which was to deny all. But your
majesty in your wisdom perceiveth, that this denial
of his hand, being not possible to be counterfeited,
and to be sworn by Adams, and so oft by himself for-
merly confessed and admitted, could not mend his
case before any jury in the world, but rather aggra-
vateth it by his notorious impudency and falshood,
and will make him more odious. He never deceived
me; for when others had hopes of discovery, and
thought time well spent that way, 1 told your majesty
pereuntibus mille figurtc -, and that he now did but
turn himself into divers shapes, to save or delay his
punishment. And therefore submitting myself to
your majesty's high wisdom, I think myself bound in
conscience to put your majesty in remembrance,
whether Sir John Sydenham (b) shall be detained
upon this man's impeaching, in whom there is no
truth. Nothwithstanding, that farther inquiry be
made of this other Peacham, and that information and
light be taken from Mr. Poulet (c) and his servants,

<( prosecute the trial." The event of this trial, which was on the
7th of August, appears from Mr. Chamberlain's letter of the 14th of
that month, wherein, it is said, that " seven knights were taken.
" from the bench, and appointed to be of the jury. He defended
*' himself very simply, but obstinately and doggedly enough. But
" his offence was so foul and scandalous, that he was condemned of
" high treason ; yet not hitherto executed, nor perhaps shall be, if
" he have the grace to submit himself, and shew some remorse/'
He died, as appears from another letter of the 27th of March, 1616,
in the jail at Taunton, where he was said to have " left behind a
" most wicked and desperate writing, worse than that he was
" convicted for/'

(6) He had been confronted about the end of February, or be?
ginning of March, 161f, with Mr. Peacham, about certain speeches,
which had formerly passed between them. MS. letter of Mr.
Chamberlain to Sir Dudley Carleton, from London, March 2, 161f.

(c) John Poulet, Esq; knight of the shire for the county of
Somerset in the parliament, which met April 5, 1614. He "was
created lord Poulet of Henton St. George, June 23, 1627.

8O Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

I hold it, as things are, necessary. God preserve
your majesty.

Your Majesty's most humble
March 12, 161k and devoted subject and servant ,

FR. BACON.

Supplement of two passages omitted in the edition
of Sir FRANCIS BACON'S speech in the King's
Bench, against OWEN (tf), as printed in his
works. After the words [/£ is bottomless^ in
the paragraph beginning [For the treason itself,
which is the second point, £fc.] add

[I SAID in the beginning, that this treason in the
nature of it was old. It is not of the treasons, whereof
it may be said from the beginning it was not so. You
are indicted, Owen, not upon any statute made
against the Pope's supremacy, or other matters, that
have reference to religion ; but merely upon that law,
which was born with the kingdon, and was law even
in superstitious times, when the pope was received.
The compassing and imagining of the king's death
was treason. The statute of the 25th of Edward III.
which was but declaratory, begins with this article,
as the capital of capitals in treason, and of all others
the most odious and the most perilous.] And so the
civil law, &c.

At the conclusion of his speech after the words [the
duke of Anjou and the papists] add

(a) He was of the family of that name at Godstow in Oxfordshire
[Camdcni Annales Regis Jacobi I. p. 12.] He was a young man, who
had been in Spain ; and was condemned at the King's Bench, on
Wednesday, May 17, 1615, "for divers most vile and traiterous
" speeches confessed and subscribed with his own hand ; as, among
" others, that it was as lawful for any man to kill a king excom-
" municated, as for the hangman to execute a condemned person.
"He could say little for himself, or in maintenance of his desperate
" positions, but only that he meant it not by the king, and he
" holds him -not excommunicate." MS. letter of Mr. Chamber-
lain to Sir Dudley Carleton from London, May 20, 1615.

Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

[As for subjects, I see not, or ever could discern,
but that by infallible consequence, it is the case of all
subjects and people, as well as of kings 3 for it is all
one reason, that a bishop, upon an excommunication
of a private man, may give his lands and goods in
spoil, or cause him to be slaughtered, as for the pope
to do it towards a king ; and for a bishop to absolve
the son from duty to the father, as for the pope to ab-
solve the subject from his allegiance to his king. And
this is not my inference, but the very affirmative of
pope Urban the second, who in a brief to Godfrey,
bishop of Luca, hath these very words, which cardi-
nal Baronius reciteth in his Annals, Tom. XL p. 802.
Non illos homicidas arbitramur, qui adversus excommu-
nlcatos zelo catholics matris ardenles eoriim quoslibet
trucidare contigerit, speaking generally of all excom-
munications.]

To Mr. MURRAY, (a)

Good Mr. Murray,

ACCORDING to his majesty's pleasure by you
signified unto me, we have attended my lord Chan-
cellor (b), my lord Treasurer (c), and Mr. Chancellor
of the Exchequer (d), concerning Sir Gilbert Hough-
ton's patent stayed at the seal ; and we have ac-
quainted them with the grounds and state of the suit,
to justify them, that it was just and beneficial to his
majesty. And for any thing we could perceive by
any objection or reply they made, we left them in
good opinion of the same, with this, that because my
lord Chancellor, by the advice as it seemeth of the
other two, had acquainted the council-table, for so
many as were then present, with that suit amongst
others, they thought fit to stay till his majesty's

(a) Harl. MSS. Vol. 6986.
(/;) Ellesmere.

(c) Thomas Howard, earl of Suffolk.

(d] Sir Fulk Grevile, advanced to that post October 1, 1614.,
n the room of Sir Julius Caesar, made master of the rolls,

VOL. VI. G

82 Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

coming to town, being at hand, to understand his
farther pleasure. We purpose, upon his majesty's
coming, to attend his majesty, to give him a more
particular account of t^iis business, and some other.
Mean while, rinding his majesty to have care of the
matter, we thought it our duty to return this answer
to you in discharge of his majesty's direction. We
remain,

Your assured friends,

July 6th, 1615. FRANCIS BACON,

HENRY YELVEIITON.

Sir FRANCIS BACON, to Lord NORRIS, in answer

* From the tO him *.

collections _

of the late My Lord,

Robert

Stephens, I AM sorry of your misfortune ; and for any thing,
that is within mine own command, your lordship may
expect no other than the respects of him, that for-
getteth not your lordship is to him a near ally, and
an antient acquaintance, client, and friend. For that,
\vhich may concern my place, which governeth me,
and not I it ; if any thing be demanded at my hands
or directed, or that I am ex qfficio to do any thing ; if
I say, it come to any of these three, for as yet I am
a stranger to the business ; yet saving my duties,
which 1 will never live to violate, your lordship shall
find, that I will observe those degrees and limitations
of proceeding, which belongeth to him, that knoweth
well he serveth a clement and mercitul master, and
that in his own nature shall ever incline to the more
benign part; and that knoweth also what belongeth
to nobility, and to a house of such merit and reputa-
tion, as the lord Norris is come from. And even so
I remain,

Your Lordship's very loving friend,

Sept. 20, 1615.

Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

To the KING, (a)

It may please your excellent Majesty,
I RECEIVED this very day, in the forenoon, your
majesty's several directions touching your cause pro-
secuted by my lord Hunsdon (b) as your farmer. Your
first direction was by Sir Christopher Parkins, that the
day appointed for the judicial sentence should hold :
and if my lord chief justice, upon my repair to him,
should let me know, that he could not be present,
then my lord chancellor should proceed, calling to
him my lord Hobart, except he should be excepted
to; and then some other judge by consent. For the
latter part of this your direction, I suppose, there
would have been no difficulty in admitting my lord
Hobart ; for after he had assisted at so many hearings,
it would have been too late to except to him. But
then your majesty's second and later direction, which
was delivered unto me from the earl of Arundel, as
by word of mouth, but so as he had set down a re-
membrance thereof in writing freshly after the sig-
nification of his pleasure, was to this effect, that
before any proceeding in the chancery, there should
be a conference had between my lord chancellor, my
lord chief justice, and myself, how your majesty's in-
terest might be secured. This later direction I ac-
quainted my lord chancellor with ; and finding an
Impossibility, that this conference should be had be-
fore to-morrow, my lord thought good, that the day
be put over, taking no occasion thereof other than
this, that in a cause of so great weight it was fit for
him to confer with his assistants, before he gave any
decree or final order. After such time as I have con-
ferred with my lords, according to your command-
ment, I will give your majesty account with speed of
the conclusion of that conference.

(a] Harl. MSS. Vol. 6936.

(b) John Carey, Baron of Hunsdon. He died in April, 1617.

G 2

Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

Farther, I think fit to let your majesty know, that
in my opinion I hold it a fit time to proceed in the
business of the liege inconsulto, which is appointed
for Monday. I did think these greater causes would
have come to period or pause sooner : but now they
are in the height, and to have so great a matter as
this of the liege inconsulto handled, when men do aliud
agcre, I think it no proper time. Besides, your ma-
jesty, in your great wisdom knoweth, that this busi-
ness of Mr. Murray's is somewhat against the stream
of the judges inclination : and it is no part of a skilful
manner to sail on against a tide, when the tide is at
strongest. If your majesty be pleased to write to
my lord Coke, that you would have the business
of the Rege inconsulto receive a hearing, when he
should be ammo sedato et libero, and not in the midst
of his assiduous and incessant cares and industries in
other practices, I think your majesty shall do your
service right. Howsoever, I will be provided against
the day.

Thus praying God for your happy preservation,
\vhereof God giveth you so many great pledges,

I rest your Majesty's most humble

and devoted subject and servant 9
November 17, V615.

FR. BACON.

Innovations introduced into the laws and go-
vernment (#).

1. The ecclesiastical IN this he prevailed, and the
commission. commission was pared, and

namely the point of alimony left
out, whereby wives are left
wholly to the tyranny of their
husbands. This point, and some
others, may require a review,
and is fit to be restored to the
commission.

{«) Tiiis paper was evidently designed against the lord chief justice
Coke.

Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

2. Against the pro-
vincial councils.

3. Against the star-
chamber for le-
vying damages.

In this he prevailed in such
sort, as the presidents are conti-
nually suitors for the enlarge-
ment of the instructions, some-
times in one point, sometimes
in another, and the jurisdictions
grow into contempt, and more
would, if the lord chancellor
did not strengthen them by in-
junctions, where they exceed
not their instructions.

In this he was over-ruled by
the sentence of the court ; but
he bent all his strength and wits
to have prevailed ; and so did
the other judges by long and la-
borious arguments: and if they
had prevailed, the authority
of the court had been over-
thrown. But the plurality of
the court took more regarci to
their own precedents, than to
the judges opinion.

In this he prevaileth, for pro-
hibitions fly continually; and
many times are cause of long
suits, to the discontent of fo-
reign ambassadors, and the
king's dishonour and trouble by
their remonstrances.
5. Against the court This is new, and would be

of the duchy of forthwith restrained, and the

Lancaster prohi- others settled,

bitions go ; and

the like may do

to the court of

wards and exche*

quer.
(tl. Against the court In this he prevaileth ; and this

of requests, but lately brought in question.

4. Against the ad-
miralty.

86

Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

7. Against the chan-
cery for decrees
after judgment.

8. Praemunire for
suits in the chan-
cery.

9. Disputed in the
common pleas,
whether that
court may grant
a prohibition to
stay suits in the
chancery, and
time given to
search for prece-
dents.

10. Against the new
boroughs in Ire-
land.

11. Against the
writs Dom, JRege
inconsulto.

In this his majesty hath made
an establishment : and he hath
not prevailed, but made a great
noise and trouble.

This his majesty hath also
established, being a strange at-
tempt to make the chancellor
sit under a hatchet, instead of
the king's arms.

This was but a bravery, and
dieth of itself, especially the au-
thority of the chancery by his
majesty's late proceedings being
so well established.

This in good time was over-
ruled by the voice of eight judges
of ten, after they had heard your
attorney. And had it prevailed,
it had overthrown the parlia-
ment of Ireland, which would
have been imputed to a fear in
this state to have proceeded ;
and so his majesty's authority and
reputation lost in that kingdom.

This is yet subjudice : but if it
should prevail, it maketh the
judges absolute over the patents
of the king, be they of power
and profit, contrary to the aa-
tient and ever continued law of
the crown : which doth call those
causes before the king himself,
as he is represented in chan-
cery.

Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

87

12. Against contri-
bution, that it
was not law nei-
ther to levy it,
nor to move for
it.

13. Peacharcfs case.

14. Owen's case.

15. The value of be-
nefices not to be
according to the
tax in the king's
book of taxes.

In this he prevailed, and gave
opinion, that the king by his
great seal could not so much as
move any his subjects for bene-
volence. But this he retracted
after in the star-chamber ; but it
marred the benevolence in the
mean time.

In this, for as much as in him
was, and in the court of king's-
bench, he prevailed, though it
was holpen by the good service
of others. But the opinion,
which lie held, amounted in ef-
fect to this, that no word of
scandal or defamation, import-
ing that the king was utterly un-
able or unworthy to govern,
were treason, except they dis-
abled his title, &c.

In this we prevailed with him
to give opinion it was treason :
but then it was upon a conceit
of his own, that was no less dan-
gerous, than if he had given his
opinion against the king : for he
proclaimed the king excommu-
nicate in respect of the anniver-
sary bulls of Cccna Domini,
which was to expose his person
to the fury of any jesuited con-
spirator.

By this the intent of the sta-
tute of 2 1 Henry VIII. is frus-
trated -9 for there is no benefice
of so small an improved value
as 81. by that kind of rating.
For this the judges may be as-
sembled in the exchequer for a
conference.

88 Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

16. Suits for lega- The practice hath gone a-

cies ought to be gainst this ; and it is fit, the suit

in their proper di- be where the probate is. And

oceses, and not in this served but to put a pique

the prerogative between the archbishops courts

court ; although and the bishops courts. This-

the will be prov- may be again propounded upon

ed in the preroga- a conference of the judges,
tive court upon
bo?ia notabilia in
several dioceses,
commendams,<Su:.

To Sir GEORGE VILLIERS.

SIR,

THE message which I received from you by Mr.
Shute, hath bred in me such belief and confidence, as
I will now wholly rely upon your excellent and hap-
py self. When persons of greatness and quality begin
speech with me of the matter, and offer me their good
offices, I can but answer them civilly. But those
things are but toys : I am yours surer to you than to
my own life ; for, as they speak of the Turquois stone
in a ring, I will break into twenty pieces, before you
have the least fall. God keep you ever.

Your truest servant.
Feb. 15, 1615.

FR. BACON.

My lord Chancellor is prettily amended^ I was
with him yesterday almost half an hour. He used me
with wonderful tokens of kindness. We both wept,
which I do not often.

Indorsed,

A letter to Sir G. Villiers touching a message brought
to him by Mr. Shute, of a promise of the chancel-
lor's place.

Letters, etc. 'of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

*Sir FRANCIS BACON to Sir GEORGE VILLIERS,
touching the examination of Sir Robert Cot-
ton upon some information of Sir John

(a\ of Leiter*

^ J

I RECEIVED your letter yesterday towards the c" Bacon'
evening, being the 8th of this present, together with
the interrogatory included, which his majesty hath
framed, not only with a great deal of judgment what
to interrogate, but in a wise »and apt order ; for I do
find that the degrees of questions are of great efficacy
in examination. I received also notice and direction
by your letter, that Sir Robert Cotton was first tho-
roughly to be examined ; which indeed was a thing
most necessary to begin with ; and that for that pur-
pose Sir John Digby was to inform my lord chancellor
of such points, as he conceived to be material ; and
that I likewise should take a full account for my lord
chief justice of all Sir Robert Cotton's precedent exa-
minations. It was my part then to take care, that
that, which his majesty had so well directed and ex-
pressed, should be accordingly performed without
loss of time. For .which purpose, having soon after
the receipt of your letter received a letter from my
lord chancellor, that he appointed Sir John Digby to
be with him at two of the clock in the afternoon, as
this day, and required my presence, I spent the mean

(a] Secretary Win wood, in a private letter to Sir Thomas Ed-
mondes, printed in the Historical Vieiv of the Negotiations betivetn the
Courts of England, France, and Brussels, p. 392, mentions, that there
was great expectation, that Sir John Digby, just then returned from
Spain, where he had been ambassador, could charge the earl of So-
merset with some treasons and plots with Spain. " To the king,"
adds Sir Ralph, " as yet he hath used no other language, but that,
' having served in a place of honour, it would ill become him to
' be an accuser. Legally or criminally he can say nothing : yet this
' he says and hath written, that all his private dispatches, wherein
' he most discovered the practices of Spain, and their intelligences,
f were presently sent into Spain : which could not be but by the
'' treachery of Somerset."

Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

time, being this forenoon, in receiving the precedent
examinations of Sir Robert Cotton from my lord chief
justice, and perusing of them ; and accordingly at-
tended my lord chancellor at the hour appointed,
where I found Sir John Digby.

At this meeting it was the endeavour of my lord
chancellor and myself to take such light from Sir
John Digby, as might evidence first the examination
of Sir Robert Cotton ; and then to the many examina-
tions of Somerset; wherein we found Sir John Digby
ready and willing to discover unto us what he knew ;
and he had also, by the lord chancellor's direction, pre-
pared some heads of examination in writing for Sir
Robert Cotton ; of all which use shall be made for his
majesty's service, as is fit. Howbeit, for so much as
did concern the practice of conveying the prince into
Spain, or the Spanish pensions, he was somewhat re-
served upon this ground, that they were things his
majesty knew, and things, which by some former
commandment from his majesty he was restrained to
keep in silence, and that he conceived they could be
no ways applied to Somerset. Wherefore it was not
fit to press him beyond that, which he conceived to be
his warrant, before we had known his majesty's far-
ther pleasure ; which I pray you return unto us with
all convenient speed. I for my part am in no appe-
tite for secrets ; but nevertheless seeing his majesty's
great trust towards me, wherein 1 shall never deceive
him ; and that I find the chancellor of the same opi-
nion, I do think it were good my lord chancellor
chiefly and myself were made acquainted with the
persons and the particulars ; not only because it
may import his majesty's service otherwise, but also
because to my understanding, for therein I do not
much rely, upon Sir John Digby 's judgment it may
have a great connection with the examination of So-
merset, considering his mercenary nature, his great
undertaking for Spain in the match, and his favour
with his majesty ; and therefore the circumstances of
other pensions given cannot but tend to discover whe-
ther he were pensioner or no.

Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

But herein no time is lost ; for my lord chancellor,
who is willing even beyond his strength, to lose no
moment for his majesty's service, hath appointed me
to attend him Thursday morning, for the examination
of Sir Robert Cotton, leaving to-morrow for council-
business to my lord, and to me for considering of fit
articles for Sir Robert Cotton.

10 April 1616.

Mr. TOBIE MATTHEW (a) to Sir FRANCIS
BACON, Attorney General.

May it please you, Sir,

THE notice I have from my lord ROOS-, Sir Henry
Goodere, and other friends, of the extreme obliga-
tion, wherein I continue towards you, together with
the conscience I have of the knowledge, how dearly
and truly I honour and love you, and daily pray, that
you may rise to that height, which the state, wherein
you live, can give you, hath taken away the wings of
tear, whereby I was almost carried away from daring
to importune you in this kind. But I know how
good you have always been, and are still, towards me ;
or rather because 1 am not able to comprehend how
much it is, I will presume there is enough for any
use, whereupon an honest humble servant may em-
ploy it.

It imports the business of my poor estate, that I he
restored to my country for some time ; and I have di-
vers friends in that court, who will further my de-

(a) Son of Dr. Tobie Matthew, archbishop of York, He was
born at Oxford in i578, while his father was dean of Christ-church,
and educated there. During his travels abroad, he was seduced to
the Romish religion by farther Parsons. This occasioned his living
out of his own country from the year 1607 to 1617, when he had
leave to return to England. He was again ordered to leave it in Oc-
tober, 1618; but in 1622 was recalled to assist in the match with
Spain : and on account of his endeavours to promote it, was knighted
by king James I. at Royston, on the 10th of October, 1623. He
translated into Italian Sir Francis Bacon's Essays, and died at Ghent
in Flanders, October 16th, 1655, N, S,

92 Letters •, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

sire thereof, and particularly Mr. secretary Lake and
my lord Roos, whom I have desired to confer with
you about it. But nothing can be done therein, un-
less my lord of Canterbury (b) may be made propi-
tious, or at least not averse; nor do I know in the
world how to charm him but by the music of your
tongue. I beseech you, Sir, lose some minutes upon
me, which I shall be glad to pay by whole years of
service ; and call to mind, if it please you, the last
speech you made me, that if I should continue as I
then was, and neither prove ill-affected to the state,
nor become otherwise than a mere secular man in my
religion, you would be pleased to negotiate for my
return. On my part the conditions are performed ;
and it remains, that you do the like : nor can I doubt
but that the nobleness of your nature, which loves
nothing in the world so well as to be doing of good,
can descend from being the attorney general to a great
king, to be solicitor for one of the meanest subjects
that he hath.

I send my letter to my lord's grace open, that be-
fore you seal it, if you shall think fit to seal it, and
rather not to deliver it open, you may see the reasons
that I have ; which, if I be not partial, are very preg-
nant. Although I confess, that till it was now very
lately mentioned to me by some honourable friends,
who have already procured to disimpression his majesty
of some hard conceit he had me in, I did not greatly
think thereof; and now I am full of hope, that I shall

Erevail. For supposing, that my lord of Canter-
ury's mind is but made of iron, the adamant of your
persuasion will have power to draw it. It may
please you either to send a present answer hereunto;
or, since J am not worthy of so much favour, to tell
either of those honourable persons aforenamed what
the answer is, that accordingly they may co-operate.

This letter goes by Sir Edward Parham, a gentle-
man, whom I have been much beholding to. 1 know
him to be a perfect honest man ; and since, I pro-

(6) Dr. George Abbot.

Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon. 93

test, I had rather die than deceive you, I will humbly
pray, that he may rather receive favour from you,
than otherwise, when he shall come in your way,
which at one time or other all the world there must
do. And I shall acknowledge myself much bound to
you, as being enabled by this means to pay many of
my debts to him.

I presume to send you the copy of a piece of a letter,
which Galileo, of whom, I am sure, you have heard,
wrote to a monk of my acquaintance in Italy, about
the answering of that place in Joshua, which con-
cerns the sun's standing still, and approving thereby
the pretended falshood of Copernicus's opinion. The
letter was written by occasion of the opposition,
which some few in Italy did make against Galilelo, as
if he went about to establish that by experiments,
which appears to be contrary to Holy Scripture.
But he makes it appear the while by this piece of a
letter, which I send you, that if that passage of Scrip-
ture doth expressly favour either side, it is for the
affirmative of Copernicus's opinion, and for the ne-
gative of Aristotle's. To an attorney general in the
midst of a town, and such a one, as is employed in
the weightiest affairs of the kingdom, it might seem
unseasonable for me to interrupt you with matter of
this nature. But I know well enough in how high
account you have the truth of things ; and that no
day can pass, wherein you give not liberty to your
wise thoughts of looking upon the works of nature. It
may please you to pardon the so much trouble which I
give you in this kind ; though yet, I confess, I do not
deserve a pardon, because 1 find not in myself a pur-
pose of forbearing to do the like hereafter. I most
humbly kiss your hand.

Your most faithful and affectionate servant,
Brussels, this 21st of April, 1616. ToBIE MATTHEW.

Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon.
Sir FRANCIS BACON to the Judges*.

tionsofthe Tl f T J
late Robert rrV ^Orcfy
Stephens,

ES<I. IT is the king's express pleasure, that beqause his

majesty's time would not serve to have conference
with your lordship and his judges touching his cause
of commendams at his last being in town, in regard
of his majesty's other most weighty occasions ; and
for that his majesty holdeth it necessary, upon the
report, which my lord of Winchester, who was pre-
sent at the last argument by his majesty's royal com-
mandment, made to his majesty, that his majesty be
first consulted with, ere there be any further proceed-
ing by argument by any of the judges or otherwise :
Therefore, that the day appointed for the farther pro-
ceeding by argument of the judges in that case be put
off till his majesty's farther pleasure be known upon
consulting him ; and to that end, that your lordship
forthwith signify his commandment to the rest of the
judges ; whereof your lordship may not fail. And so
I leave your lordship to .God's goodness,

Your loving friend to command,

This Thursday at afternoon,

the 25th of April, 1616. *?»« 13ACON.

Questions legal for the Judges [in the case of the
Earl and Countess of Somerset.]

WHETHER the ax is to be carried before the
prisoner, being in the case of felony ?

Whether, if the lady make any digression to clear
his lordship, she is not by the lord Steward to be in-
terrupted and silenced ?

Whether, if my lord of Somerset should break forth
into any speech of taxing the king, .he be not pre-
sently by the lord Steward to be interrupted and
silenced -, and, if he persist, he be not to be told, that

Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacmi: 95

if he take that course, he is to be withdrawn, and
evidence to be given in his absence ? And whether
that may be ; and what else to be done ?

Whether if there should be twelve votes to con-
demn, and twelve or thirteen to acquit, it be not a
verdict for the kins: ?

Questions of Convenience^ whereupon his Majesty
may confer with some of his Council.

WHETHER, if Somerset confess at any time before
his trial, his majesty shall stay trial in respect of far-
ther examination concerning practice of treason, as
the death of the late prince, the conveying into Spain
of the now prince, or the like ; for till he confess the
less crime, there is [no] likelihood of confessing the
greater ?

Whether, if the trial upon that reason shall be put
off, it shall be discharged privately by dissolving the
commission, or discharging the summons ? Or whe-
ther it shall not be done in open court, the peers
being met, and the solemnity and celebrity preserved ;
and that with some declaration of the cause of putting
off the farther proceeding ?

Whether the days of her trial and his shall be im-
mediate, as it is now appointed ; or a day between,
to see, if, after condemnation, the lady will confess
of this lord; which done, there is no doubt but he
will confess of himself ?

Whether his trial shall not be set first, and hers
after, because then any conceit, which may be wrought
by her clearing of him, may be prevented ; and it
may be he will be in the better temper, hoping of his
own clearing, and of her respiting ?

What shall be the days ; for Thursday and Friday
can hardly hold in respect of the summons ; and it
may be as well Friday and Saturday, or Monday and
Tuesday, as London makes it already?

Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon,

A particular remembrance for his Majesty.

IT were good, that after he is come into the Hall,
so that he may perceive he must go to trial, and shall
be retired into the place appointed, till the court call
for him, then the lieutenant should tell him roundly,
that if in his speeches he shall tax the king,(#) that
the justice of England is, that he shall be taken away,
and the evidence shall go on without him ; and then
all the people will cry away with him ; and then it
shall not be in the king's will to save his Iife3 the
people will be so set on fire.

Indorsed,
Memorial touching the course to be had in my lord

of Somerset's arraignment.

(«) The king's apprehension of being taxed by the earl of Somerset
on his trial, though for what is not known, accounts in some measure
for his majesty's extreme uneasiness of mind till that trial was over,
and for the management used by Sir Francis Bacon in particular, as
appears from his letters, to prevail upon the earl to submit to be
tried, and to keep him in temper during his trial, lest he, as the king
expressed it in an apostle on Sir Francis's letter of the 28th of April,
1616, upon the one part commit unpardonable errors, and I on the other
seem to punish him in the spirit of revenge. See more on this subject in
Mr. Mallet's Life of the lord chancellor Bacon, who closes his remarks
\vith a reference to a letter of Somerset to the king, printed in the
Cabala, and written in an high stile of expostulation, and shew-
ing, through the affected obscurity of some expressions, that there
\vas an important secret in his keeping, of which his majesty dreaded
a discovery. The earl and his lady were released from their confine-
ment in the Tower in January 162j, the latter dying August 23,
1632, leaving one daughter Anne, then sixteen years of age, af-
terwards married to William lord Russel, afterwards earl, and at
last duke of Bedford. The earl of Somerset survived his lady
several years, and died in July 1615, being interred on the 17th of
that month in the church of St. Paul's, Covent-Garden.

Letters., etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon*

The heads of the charge against ROBERT Earl
of SOMERSETS

Apostyle of the

king.

Ye will doe well to
remember lykewayes
in your pne amble,
that insigne, that the
only zeal to justice
maketh me take this
course. I have com-
mand it you not to ex-
patiate, nor digresse
upon any other points,
that maye not serve
clearliefor probation
or inducement of that
point, qukairof lie is
accused.

FIRST it is meant, that Somer-
set shall not be charged with
any thing by way of aggrava-
tion,otherwise than as conduceth
to the proof of the impoison-
ment.

For the-proofs themselves, they
are distributed into four:

The first to prove the malice,
which Somerset bore to Over-
bury, which was the motive and
ground of the impoisonment.

The second is to prove the
preparations unto the Impoison-
ment, by plotting his imprison-
ment, placing his keepers, stop-
ping access of friends, &c.

The third is the acts of the
impoisonments themselves.

And the fourth is acts subse-
quent, which do vehemently
argue him to be guilty of the
impoisonment.

For the first two heads, upon conference, where-
unto I called serjeant Montagu and serjeant Crew, I
have taken them two heads to myself ; the third I have
allotted to serjeant Montagu -, and the fourth to ser-
jeant Crew.

In the first of these, to my understanding, is the
only tenderness: for on the one side, it is most neces-
sary to lay a foundation, that the malice was a deep
malice, mixed with fear, and not only matter of re-
venge upon his lordship's quarrel : for periculum peri-
culo vincitur ; and the malice must have a proportion
to the effect of it, which was the impoisonment : so

VOL. vi. H

£8 Letters, etc. of Lord CTiancellor Bacon.

that if this foundation be not laid, all the evidence is
weakened.

On the other side, if I charge him, or could charge
him, by way of aggravation, with matters tending to
disloyalty or treason., then he is like to grow desperate.

Therefore I shall now set down perspicuously what
course I mean to hold, that your majesty may be
pleased to direct and correct it, preserving the strength
of the evidence : and this I shall now do, but shortly
and without ornament.

First, I shall read some passages of Overbury 's
letters, namely these : " Is this the fruit of nine years
" love, common secrets, and common dangers ?" In
another letter ; " Do not drive me to extremity to do
<c that, which you and I shall be sorry for ?" In
another letter; " Can you forget him, between whom
" such secrets of all kinds have passed ? &c."

Then will I produce Simcock, who deposeth from
Weston's speech, that Somerset told Weston, that,
if ever Overbury came out of prison, one of them must
die for it.

Then I will say what these secrets were. I mean
not to enter into particulars, nor to charge him with
disloyalty, because he stands to be tried for his life
upon another crime. But yet by some taste, that I
shall give to the peers in general, they may conceive
of what nature those secrets may be. Wherein I will
take it for a thing notorious, that Overbury was a
man, that always carried himself insolently, both to-
wards the queen, and towards the late prince : that
he was a man, that carried Somerset on in courses
separate and opposite to the privy council : that he
was a man of nature fit to be an incendiary of a state ;
full of bitterness and wildness of speech and project :
that he was thought also lately to govern Somerset,
insomuch that in his own letters he vaunted, that
from him proceeded Somerset's fortune, credit^ and un-
derstanding.

This course I mean to run in a kind of generality,
putting the imputations rather upon Overbury than
Somerset ; and applying it, that such a nature was
like to hatch dangerous secrets and practices. I mean

Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon. 99

to shew likewise that jargons there were and cyphers
between them, which are great badges of secrets of
estate, and used either by princes and their ministers
of state, or by such as practise against princes. That
your majesty was called Julius in respect of your em-
pire ; the queen Agrippina, though Somerset now
saith it was Lima, and that my lady of Suffolk was
Agrippina; the bishop of Canterbury Unctius ; North-
ampton, Dominic; Suffolk, first Lenna, after Wolsey ;
and many others ; so as it appears they made a play
both of your court and kingdom ; and that their ima-
ginations wrought upon the greatest men and matters.
Neither will I omit Somerset's breach of trust to
your majesty, in trusting Overbury with all the dis-
patches, things, wherewith your council of estate
itself was not many times privy or acquainted : and
yet this man must be admitted to them, not cursorily,
or by glimpses, but to have them by him, to copy
them, to register them, to table them, &c.

Apostyle of the

.

This evidence can- I shall also give in evidence,
not be given in with- in this place, the slight account
out making me hisac- of that letter, which was brought
cuser, and that upon to Somerset by Ashton, being
a very slight ground, found in the fields soon after
As for all the subse- the late prince's death, and was
quent evidences, they directed to Antwerp, contain-
are all so little evi- ing these words, " that the first
dent> as una litura " branch was cut from the tree,
may serve thaime " and that he should, ere long,
all. " send happier and joy fuller

" news."

Which is a matter I would
not use, but that my lord Coke,
who hath filled th'is part with
many frivolous things, would
think all lost, except he hear
somewhat of this kind. But this
it is to come to the leavings of
a business.
H 2

100

Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

And for the rest of that kind,
as to speak of that particular,
that Mrs. Turner did at White-
hall shew to Franklin the man,
who, as she said, poisoned the
prince, which, he says, was a
physician with a red beard.

That there was a little picture
of a young man in white wax,
left by Mrs. Turner with For-
rnan the conjurer, which my
lord Coke doubted was the
prince.

That the viceroy of the Indies
at Goa reported to an English
factor, that prince Henry came
to an untimely death by a mis-
tress of his.

That Somerset, with others,
would have preferred Low-
bell the apothecary to prince
Charles.

That the countess laboured
Forman and Gresham, the con-
jurers, to inforce the queen by
witchcraft to favour the coun-
tess.

That the countess told Frank-
lin, that when the queen died,
Somerset should have Somerset-
house.

That Northampton said, the
prince, if ever he came to reign,
would prove a tyrant.

That Franklin was moved by
the countess to go to the Pals-
grave, and should be furnished
with money.

The particular reasons, why I omit them, I have
set in the margin ; but the general is partly to do a
kind of right to justice, and such a solemn trial, in

Not J i ing to Somer-
set, and declared by
Franklin after con-
demnation.

Nothing to Somer*
stt, and a loose con-
jecture.

No belter than a
gazette, or passage
</Galio Belgicus.

Nothing yet proved
against Low be II.

Nothing to So-
merset.

Declared by Frank-
lin after condemna-
tion.

Nothing
merset.

Nothing
merset.

to So-

to So-

Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon. 101

not giving that in evidence, which touches not the
delinquent, or is not of weight; and partly to observe
your majesty's direction, to give Somerset no just oc-
casion of despair or flushes.

But I pray your majesty to pardon me, that I have
troubled your majesty with repeating them, lest you
should hear hereafter, that Mr. Attorney hath omitted
divers material parts of the evidence.

Indorsed,

Somerset's business and charge, with his majesty's
pqstiles.

To Sir GEORGE VILLIERS.

•'SIR,

YOUR man made good haste; for he was with

me yesterday about ten of the clock in the forenoon.
Since I held him.

The reason, why I set so small a distance of time
between the use of the little charm, or, as his ma-
jesty better terms it, the evangile (a), and the day of
his trial (b) notwithstanding his majesty's being so far
off, as advertisement of success and order thereupon
could not go and come between, was chiefly, for that
his majesty, from whom the overture of that first
moved, did write but of a few hours, that this should
be done, which I turned into days. Secondly, be-
cause the hope I had of effect by that mean, was ra-
ther of attempting him at his arraignment, than of
confession before his arraignment. But I submit it
to his majesty's better judgment.

The person, by your first description, which was
without name, I thought had been meant of Pack-
er (c): but now I perceive it is another, to me un-

(rt) Cicero, Epist. ad Atticum, Lib. XIII. Ep..40. uses this word,
ivayya'Aia ; which signifies both good news, and the reward given
to him who brings good news. See Lib. II. Epist. 3.

(b) The earl of Somerset's.

(c} John* of whom there are several letters in Winwood's Ms*
mortals, Vol. II. *

102 Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

known, but, as it seemeth, very fit. I doubt not but
he came with sufficient warrant to Mr. Lieutenant to
have access. In this I have no more to do, but to
expect to hear from his majesty how this worketh.

The letter from his majesty to myself and the ser-
jeants I have received, such as I wished ; and I will
speak with the commissioners, that he may, by the
lieutenant, understand his majesty's care of him, and
the tokens herein of his majesty's compassion to-
wards him.

I ever had a purpose to make use of that circum-
stance, that Overbury, the person murdered, was
his majesty's prisoner in the Tower ; which indeed is
a strong pressure of his majesty's justice. For Over-
i bury is the first prisoner murdered in the Tower,

since the murder of the young princes by Richard the
third, the tyrant.

I would not trouble his majesty with any points of
preamble, nor of the evidence itself, more than that
part nakedly, wherein was the tenderness, in which
1 am glad his majesty, by his postils, which he re-
turned to me, approveth my judgment.

Now I am warranted, I will not stick to say openly,
I am commanded, not to exasperate, nor to aggra-
vate the matter in question of the impoisonment with
any other collateral charge of disloyalty, or other-
wise ; wherein, besides his majesty's principal inten-
tion, there will be some use to save the former bruits,
of Spanish matters.

There is a direction given to Mr. Lieutenant by
my lord Chancellor and myself, that as yesterday Mr.
\Vhiting (d) the preacher, a discreet man, and one
that was used to Hejwisse, should preach before the
lady (e}> and teach her, and move her generally to a

(d) J6hn Whiting, D. P. rector of St. Martin Vintry, in London,
and Vicar of East-Ham in Essex, prebendary of Ealdstreet in the
church of St. Paul's, and chaplain to king James I. He attended Sir
Gervase Helwisse, who had been lieutenant of the Tower, at his exe*
cution upon Tower-Hill, on Monday the 20th of November, 1615,
for the murder of Sir Thomas Overbury.

(e) Frances, countess of Somerset.

Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon. 103

clear confession. That after the same preacher should
speak as much to him at his going away in private :
and so proof to be made, whether this good mean,
and the last night's thoughts, will produce any thing.
And that this day the lieutenant should declare to her
the time of her trial, and likewise of his trial, and per-
suade her, not only upon Christian duty, but as good
for them both, that she deal clearly touching him,
whereof no use can be made, nor need to be made,
for evidence, but much use may be made for their
present comfort.

It is thought, at the day of her trial the lady will
confess the indictment; which if she do, no evidence
ought to be given. But because it shall not be a dumb
shew, and for his majesty's honour in so solemn an
assembly, I purpose to make a declaration of the
proceedings of this great work of justice, from the be-
ginning to the end, wherein, nevertheless, I will be
careful no ways to prevent or discover the evidence of
the next day.

In this my lord chancellor and I have likewise used
a point of providence: for I did forecast, that if in
that narrative, by the connection of things, any thing
should be spoken, that should shew him guilty, she
might break forth into passionate protestations for his
clearing; which, though it may be justly made light
of, yet it is better avoided. Therefore my lord Chan-
cellor and I have devised, that upon the entrance into
that declaration she shall, in respect of her weakness,
and not to add farther affliction, be withdrawn.

It is impossible, neither is it needful, for me, to
express all the particulars of my care in this business.
But I divide myself into all cogitations as far as I can
foresee; being very glad to find, that his majesty doth
not only accept well of my care and advices, but that
he applieth his directions so fitly, as guideth me from
time to time.

I have received the commissions signed.

I am not forgetful of the goods and estate of Somer-
set, as far as is seasonable to inquire at this time. My
lord Coke takethupon him to answer for the jewels,

Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

being the chief part of his moveable value: and this,
I think, is done with his majesty's privity. But my
lord Coke is a good man to answer for it.
Qpd ever preserve and prosper you. I rest

Your true and devoted servant,

May 10, Friday at 7 of the clock FR. BACON.

in the morning [1616.]

The charge of the Attorney General, Sir FRANCIS
BACON, against FRANCES, Countess of So^
MERSET, intended to have been spoken by
him at her arraignment, on Friday, May
24-, 1616, in case she had pleaded not
guilty (<z),

IT may please your grace, my lord high steward
of England (b), and you rny lords the peers.

You have heard the indictment against this lady
well opened -, and likewise the point in law, that
might make some doubt, declared and solved ; where-
in certainly the policy of the law of England is much
to be esteemed, which requireth and respecteth form
in the indictment, and substance in the proof.

This scruple it may be hath moved this lady tq
plead not guilty, though for the proof I shall not
need much more than her own confession, which she
hath formerly made, free and voluntary, and therein
given glory to God and justice. And certainly con-
fession, as it is the strongest foundation of justice, so
it is a kind of corner-stone, whereupon justice and
mercy may meet.

The proofs, which I shall read in the end for the
ground of your verdict and sentence, will be very
short ; and, as much as may, serve to satisfy your ho-
nours and consciences for the conviction of this lady,

(a) She pleaded guilty, on which occasion thq attorney general
spo^.e a charge somewhat different from this, printed in his works.

(b) Thomas Egerton, viscount Kllesmere, Iprd high Chancellor.

Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon. 105

without wasting of time in a case clear and confessed ;
or ripping up guiltiness against one, that hath pros-
trated herself by confession; or preventing or de-
flowering too much of the evidence. And therefore
the occasion itself doth admonish me to spend this day
rather in declaration, than in evidence, giving God
and the king the honour, and your lordships and the
hearers the contentment, to set before you the pro-
ceeding of this excellent work of the king's justice,
from the beginning to the end; and so to conclude
with the reading the confessions and proofs.

My lords, this is now the second time (c) within the
space of thirteen years reign of our happy sovereign,
that 'this high tribunal-seat of justice, ordained for
the trial by peers, hath been opened and erected ;
and that, with a rare event, supplied and exercised
by one and the same person ; which is .a great ho-
nour to you, my lord Steward.

In all this mean time, the king hath reigned in his
white robe, not sprinkled with any drop of blood of
any of his nobles of this kingdom. Nay, such hath
been the depths of his mercy, as even those noblemens
bloods, (against whom the proceeding was at Win-
chester,) Cobham and Grey, wrere attainted and cor-
rupted, but not spilt or taken away; but that they
remained rather spectacles of justice in their continual
imprisonment, than monuments of justice in the me-
mory of their suffering.

It is true, that the objects of his justice then and
now were very differing. For then, it was the revenge
of an offence against his own person and crown, and
upon persons, that were malcontents, and contraries
to the state and government. But now, it is the re-
•venge of the blood and death of a particular subject,
and the cry of a prisoner. Jt is upon persons, that
were highly in his favour ; whereby his majesty, to
his great honour, hath shewed to the world, as if it
were written in a sunbeam, that he is truly the lieu-

(c) The first time was on the trials of the lords Cobham and Grey,
in November, 1603.

106 Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

tenant of him, with whom there is no respect of per-
sons ; that his affections royal are above his affections
private: that his favours and nearness about him are
not like popish sanctuaries to privilege malefactors :
and that his being the best master of the world doth
not let him from being the best king of the world.
His people, on the other side, may say to themselves,
/ will lie down in peace s for God and the king and the
law protect me against great and small. It may be a
discipline also to great men, especially such as are
swoln in fortunes from small beginnings, that the
king is as well able to level mountains, as to fill val-
lies, if such be their desert.

But to come to the present case ; the great frame
of justice, my lords, in this present action, hath a
vault, and it hath a stage : a vault, wherein these
works of darkness were contrived ; and a stage with
steps, by which they were brought to light. And
therefore I will bring this work of justice to the pe-
riod of this day; and then go on with this day's
work.

Sir Thomas Overbury was murdered by poison in
the 15th of September, 1613, 11 Peg. This foul and
cruel murder did, for a time, cry secretly in the ears
of God ; but God gave no answer to it, otherwise
than by that voice, which sometimes he useth, which
is vox populi, the speech of the people. For there
went then a murmur, that Overbury was poisoned :
and yet this same submiss and soft voice of God, the
speech of the vulgar people, was not without a coun-
ter-tenor, or counter-blast of the devil, who is the
common author both of murder and slander : for it
was given out, tKat Overbury was dead of a foul
disease, and his body, which they had made a corpus
Judaicum with their poisons, so as it had no whole
part, must be said to be leprosed with vice, and so his
name poisoned as well as his body. For as to disso*
luteness, I never heard the gentleman noted with
it : his faults were insolency and turbulency, and
the like of that kind : the other part of the soul not
the voluptuous.

Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon. 107

Mean time, there was some industry used, of which
I will not now speak, to lull asleep those, that were
the revengers of blood ; the father and the brother of
the murdered. And in these terms things stood by
the space almost of two years ; during which time,
God so blinded the two great procurers, and dazzled
them with their own greatness, and bind and nail
fast the actors and instruments, with security upon
their protection, as neither the one looked about
them, nor the other stirred or fled, nor were con-
veyed away ; but remained here still, as under a privy
arrest of God's judgments; insomuch as Franklin,
that should have been sent over to the Palsgrave with
good store of money, was, by God's providence, and
the accident of a marriage of his, diverted and stayed.

But about the beginning of the progress last sum-
mer, God's judgments began to come out of their
depths : and as the revealing of murders is commonly
such, as a man may say, a Domino hocfactum est ; it
is God's work, and it is marvellous in our eyes; so
in this particular it was most admirable ; for it came
forth by a compliment and matter of courtesy.

My lord of Shrewsbury, (d) that is now with God,
recommended to a counsellor of state, of especial
trust by his place, the late lieutenant Helwisse, (e)9
only for acquaintance as an honest worthy gentleman;
and desired him to know him, and to be acquainted

(rf) Gilbert, earl of Shrewsbury, knight of the garter, who died
May 8, 1616.

(e) Sir Gervase Helwisse, appointed lieutenant of the Tower,
upon the removal of Sir William Waad, on the 6th of May, 1613,
[Rdiquia Wottoniatue, p. 412, 3d edit. 1672.] Mr. Chamberlain, in a
MS. letter to Sir Dudley Carleton, dated at London, May 13, 1613,
speaks of Sir Gervase's promotion in these terms. " One Sir
Gervase Helwisse of Lincolnshire, somewhat an unknown man, is
put into the place [of Sir W. Waad's] by the favour of the lord
Chamberlain [earl of Somerset] and his lady. The gentleman is of
too mild and gentle a disposition for such an office. He is my old
friend and acquaintance in France, and lately renewed in town,
where he hath lived past a year, nor followed the court many
a day." Sir Henry Wotton, in a letter of the fourteenth of May,
1613, [ubi supra, p. 13.] says, that Sir Gervase had been before one
of the pensioners.

Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

with him. That counsellor answered him civilly,
that my lord did him a favour; and that he should
embrace it willingly: but he must let his lordship
know, that there did lie a heavy imputation upon that
gentleman, Helwisse ; for that Sir Thomas Overbury,
his prisoner, was thought to have come to a violent
and untimely death. When this speech was reported
back by my lord of Shrewsbury to Helwisse, percu-
lit illico animum, he was stricken with it ; and being
a politic man, and of likelihood doubting, that the
matter would break forth at one time or other,
and that others might have the start of him, and
thinking to make his own case by his own tale, re-
solved with himself, upon this occasion, to discover
to my lord of Shrewsbury and that counsellor, that
there was an attempt, whereto he was privy, to have
poisoned Overbury by the hands of his under- keeper,
Weston ; but that he checked it, and put it by, and
dissuaded it, and related so much to him indeed:
but then he left it thus, that was but an attempt, or
untimely birth, never executed ; and, as if his own
fault had been no more, but that he was honest in
forbidding, but fearful of revealing and impeaching
or accusing great persons: and so with this fine point
thought to save himself.

But that great counsellor of state wisely considering
that by the lieutenant's own tale it could not be
simply a permission or weakness; for that Weston
was never displaced by the lieutenant, notwithstand-
ing that attempt: and coupling the sequel by the be-
ginning, thought it matter fit to be brought before
his majesty, by whose appointment Helwisse set down
the like declaration in writing.

Upon this ground, the king playeth Solomon's part,
Gloria Dei celare rem ; et Gloria Regis investigarc
rein ; and sets down certain papers of his own hand,
which I might term to be oaves justiiice, keys of
justice; and may serve for a precedent both for
princes to imitate, and for a direction for judges to
follow: and his majesty carried the balance with a
constant and steady hand, evenly and without preju-

Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon. 109

dice, whether it were a true accusation of the one part,
or a practice and factious device of the other: which
writing, because I am not able to express according
to the worth thereof, I will desire your lordship anon
to hear read.

This excellent foundation of justice being laid by
his majesty's own hand, it was referred unto some
counsellors to examine farther, who gained some de-
grees of light from Weston, but yet left it imperfect.

After it was referred to Sir Edward Coke, chief
justice of the King's Bench, as a person best practised
in legal examinations, who took a great deal of in-
defatigable pains in it, without intermission, having,
as I have heard him say, taken at least three hun-
dred examinations in this business.

But these things were not done in a corner. I
need not speak of them. It is true, that my lord
chief justice, in the dawning and opening of the light,
finding that the matter touched upon these gYeat per-
sons, very discreetly became suitor to the king to have
greater persons than his own rank joined with him.
Whereupon, your lordship, my lord high Steward of
England, to whom the king commonly resorteth in
arduis, and my lord Steward of the king's house, and
my lord Zouch, were joined with him.

Neither wanted there this while practice to sup-
press testimony, to deface writings, to weaken the
king's resolution, to slander the justice, and the like.
Nay, when it came to the first solemn act of justice,
which was the arraignment of Weston, he had his
lesson to stand mute ; which had arrested the wheel
of justice. But this dumb devil, by the means of
some discreet divines, and the potent charm of justice,
together, was cast out. Neither did this poisonous
adder stop his ear to those charms, but relented, and
yielded to his trial.

Then follow the proceedings of justice against the
other offenders, Turner, Melwisse, Franklin.

But all these being but the organs and instruments
of this fact, the actors and not the authors, justice
could not have been crowned without this last act

11O letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

against these great persons. Else Western's censure
or prediction might have been verified, when he said,
he hoped the small flies should not be caught, and
the great escape. Wherein the king being in great
straits, between the defacing of his honour and of his
creature, hath, according as he useth to do, chosen
the better part, reserving always mercy to himself.

The time also of this justice hath had its true mo-
tions. The time until this lady's deliverance was due
unto honour, Christianity, and humanity, in respect of
her great belly. The time since was due to another
kind of deliverance too; which was, that some causes
of estate, that were in the womb, might likewise be
brought forth, not for matter of justice, but for reason
and state. Likewise this last procrastination of days
had the like weighty grounds and causes. And this is
the true and brief representation of this extreme
work of the king's justice.

Now for the evidence against this lady, I am sorry
I must rip it up. I shall first shew you the purvey-
ance or provisions of the poisons ; that they were
seven in number brought to this lady, and by her
billetted and laid up till they might be used ; and
this done with an oath or vow of secrecy, which
is like the Egyptian darkness, a gross and palpable
darknesss, that may be felt.

Secondly, I shall show you the exhibiting and sort-
ing of this same number or volley of poisons : white
arsenic was fit for salt, because it is of like body and
colour. The poison of great spiders, and of the ve-
nomous fly cantharides, was fit for pigs sauce, or
partridge sauce, because it resembled pepper. As for
mercury-water, and other poisons, they might be fit
for tarts, which is a kind of hotch-pot, wherein no
one colour is so proper: and some ot these were de-
Jivered by the hands of this lady, and some by her
direction.

Thirdly, I shall prove and observe unto you, the
cautions of these poisons; that they might not be too
swift, lest the world should startle at it by the sudden-
ness of the dispatch : but they must abide long in the

Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon. 1 1 1

body, and work by degrees : and for this purpose
there must be essays of them upon poor beasts, &c.

And lastly, I shall shew you the rewards of this
impoisonment, first demanded by Weston, and denied,
because the deed was not done ; but after the deed
done and perpetrated, that Overbury was dead, then
performed and paid to the value of ISO/.

And so without farther aggravation of that, which
in itself bears its own tragedy, I will conclude with
the confessions of this lady herself, which is the
strongest support of justice ; and yet is the foot-stool
of mercy. For, as the Scripture says, mercy and truth
have kissed each other ; there is no meeting or greeting
of mercy, till there be a confession, or trial of truth,
For these read,

Franklin, November 16,

Franklin, November 17,

Rich. Weston, October 1,

Rich. Weston, October 2,

Will. Weston, October 2,

Richard Weston, October 3.

Helwisse, October 2,

The Countess's letter without date.

The Countess's confession, January 8.

Sir FRANCIS BACON to the KING *. *0nrSns

It may please your excellent Majesty, Robert a

ACCORDING to your Majesty's reference sig-
nified by Sir Roger Wilbraham, I have considered of
the petition of Sir Gilbert Houghton, your majesty's
servant, for a licence of sole transportation of tallow,
butter, and hides, &c. out of your realm of Ireland ;
and have had conference with the lord Chichester,
late lord deputy of Ireland, and likewise with Sir
John Davies, your majesty's attorney there : And
this is that which I find :

First, that hides and skins may not be meddled
withal, being a staple commodity of the kingdom,
wherein the towns are principally interested.

Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

That for tallow, butter, beef, not understanding it
of live cattle, and pipe-staves, for upon these things
we fell, although they were not all contained in the
petition, but in respect hides were more worth than
all the rest, they were thought of by way of some
supply: these commodities are such, as the kingdom
may well spare, and in that respect fit to be trans-
ported ; wherein nevertheless some consideration may
be had of the profit, that shall be taken upon the
licence. Neither do I find, that the farmers of the
customs there, of which some of them were before
me, did much stand upon it, but seemed rather to
give way to it.

I find also, that at this time all these commodities
are free to be transported by proclamation, so as no
profit can be made of it, except there be first a
restraint ; which restraint I think fitter to be by some
prohibition in the letters patents, than by any new
proclamation ; and the said letters patents to pass
rather here, than there, as it was in the licence of
wines granted to the lady Arbella ; but then those
letters patents to be inrolled in the chancery of Ire-
land, whereby exemplifications of them may be taken
to be sent to the ports.

All which nevertheless I submit to your majesty's
better judgment.

Your Majesty s most humble

bounden subject and servant,

5 June, 1616.

FR. BACON.

Mr. TOBIE MATTHEW to Sir FRANCIS BACON,
Attorney General.

May it please your Honour y

SUCH, as know your honour, may congratulate
with you the favour, which you have lately received
from his majesty, of being made a counsellor of
state (a) -, but as for me, I must have leave to con-

(«) Sir Francis Bacon was sworn at Greenwich of the privy
council, June 9, 1616.

Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon. 113

gratulate with the council-table, in being so happy as to
have you for an assessor. I hope these are but begin-
nings, and that the marriage, which now I perceive that
forune is about to make with virtue, will be consum-
mate in your person. I cannot dissemble, though I
am ashamed to mention, the excessive honour, which
you have vouchsafed to do unto my picture. But
shame ought not to be so hateful as sin ; and without
sin I know not how to conceal the extreme obligation
into which I am entered thereby, which is incompa-
rably more than I can express, and no less than as
much as I am able to conceive. And as the copy is
more fortunate than the original, because it hath the
. honour to be under your eye ; so the original being
much more truly yours than the copy can be, aspires
by having the happiness to see you, to put the picture
out of countenance.

I understand by Sir George Petre (6), who* is arrived
here at the Spa, and is so wise as to honour you ex-
tremely, though he have not the fortune to be known
to your honour, that he had heard how my lord of
Canterbury had been moved in my behalf; and that
he gave way unto my return. This, if it be true,
cannot have happened without some endeavour of
your honour ; and therefore, howsoever I have not
been particularly advertised, that your honour had
delivered my letter to his grace ; yet now methinks
I do as good as know it, and dare adventure to pre-
sent you with my humblest thanks for the favour. But
the main point is, how his majesty should be moved ;
wherein ray friends are straining courtesy; and un-
less I have your honour for a master of the ceremo-
nies, to take order, who shall begin, all the benefit,
that I can reap by this negotiation, will be to have
the reputation of little judgment in attempting that
which I was not able to obtain ; and that howsoever
I have shot fair, I know not how to hit the mark. I
have been directed by my lord Roos, who was the

(b) Grandson of John, the first Lord Petre, and son of William,
second Baron of that name.

VOL. VI. I

11-4- Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

first mover of this stone, to write a letter, which him-
self would deliver to the master of the horse (c), who
doth me the honour to wish me very well : and I have
•obeyed his lordship, and beseech your honour, that
you will be pleased to prevent, or to accompany, or
second it with your commendation, lest otherwise the
many words, that I have used, have but the virtue of
a single o, or cypher. But indeed, if I had not been
over- weighed by the authority of my lord Roos's com-
mandment, I should rather have reserved the master
of the horse's favour to some other use afterward. In
conformity whereof, I have also written to his lordship;
and perhaps he will thereupon forbear to deliver my
letter to the master of the horse : whereas, 1 should
be the less sorry, if your honour's self would not
think it inconvenient to make the suit of my return to
his majesty ; in which case I should, to my extreme
contentment, have all my obligations to your ho-
nour only.

His majesty's being now in progress will give some
impediment to my suit, unless either it be my good
fortune, that your honour do attend his person ; or
else that you will be pleased to command someone
of ^he many servants your honour hath in court, to
procure the expedition of my cause, wherein I can
foresee no difficulty, when I consider the interest,
whi ch your honour alloweth me in your favour, and
my innocent carnage abroad for so many years ;
wh ereunto all his majesty's ministers, who have known
me, I am sure, will give an attestation, according to
the contents of my letter to his grace of Canterbury.

If I durst, I would most humbly intreatyour honour
to be pleased, that some servant of yours may speedily
advertise me, whether or no his grace of Canterbury
hath received my letter ; what his answer was ; and
what I may hope in this my suit. I remember, that
the last words which I had the honour to hear from
your mouth, were, that if 1 continued any time, free both

(c) Sir George Villiers, vvlio was appointed to that office, Jan. 4,
I61f

Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon. 115

from disloyalty and priesthood, your honour would
be pleased to make yourself the intercessor for my re-
turn. Any letter sent to Mr. Trumball for me will
come safely and speedily to my hands.

The term doth now last with your honour all the
year long ; and therefore the sooner I mak£ an end,
the better service I shall do you. I presume to kiss
your hands, and continue

Your Honour's most intirely,

and humbly ever at commandment,

Spa, this 16th of July, ToBIE MATTHEW.

stylo novo, 1616.

. It is no small penance that I am forced to
apparel my mind in my man's hand, when it speaks
to your honour. But God Almighty will have it so,
through the shaking I have in my right hand; and I
do little less than want the use of my fore finger.

To Sir FRANCIS BACON, Attorney General.

It may please your Honour,

I PRESUMED to importune your honour with a
letter of the 16th of this month, whereby 1 signified,
how I had written to the master of the horse, that he
would be pleased to move his majesty for my return
into England ; and how that I had done it upon the
direction of my lord Roos, who offered to be the de-
liverer thereof. Withal I told your honour, that I ex-
pressed thereby an act rather of obedience, than pru-
dence, as not holding his lordship a fit man, whom, by
presenting that letter, the king might peradventure
discover to be my favourer in this business. In regard
whereof I besought him, that, howsover I had com-
plied with his command in writing, yet he would for-
bear the delivery : and I gave him divers reasons for
it. And both in contemplation of those reasons, as also
of the hazard of miscarriage, that letters do run into
between these parts and those, I have now thought fit

i 2

116 Letter s> etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

to send your honour this inclosed, accompanied with
'a most humble intreaty, that you will be pleased to
put it into the master of the horse's hands, with such
a recommendation as you can give. Having read it,
your honour may be pleased to seal it: and if his
honour have received the former by other hands, this
may serve in the nature of a duplicate or copy: if
not, it may be the original. And indeed, though it
should be but the copy, if it may be touched by your
honour, it would have both greater grace and greater
life, than the principal itself; and therefore howso-
ever, 1 humbly pray, that this may be delivered.

If my business should be remitted to the council
table, which yet, I hope, will not be, I am most a
stranger to my lord Chancellor and my lord Chamber-
lain (a) of whom yet I trust, by means of your ho-
nour's good word in my behalf, that I shall receive
no impediment.

The bearer, Mr. Becher (b), can say what my car-
riage hath been in France, under the eye of several
ambassadors ; which makes me the more glad to use
him in the delivery of this letter to your honour : and
if your honour may be pleased to command me any
thing, he will convey it to my knowledge.

I hear, to my unspeakable joy of hean, how much
power you have with the master of the horse ; and
how much immediate favour you have also with his
most excellent majesty: so that 1 cannot but hope for
all good success, when I consider withal the protec-
tion, whereinto you have been pleased to take me,
the

Most humble and most obliged

of your Honour's many servants,

Spa, this last of July, ToBIE MATTHEW^

norOf 16 16.

(a] William, earl of Pembroke.

(/>) William, afterwards knighted. He had been secretary to Sir
George Calvert, ambassador to the court of France, and was after-
Wards agent at that court ; and ut last made clerk of the Council,

Letters, elc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon. 1 17

To Sir FRANCIS BACON, Attorney General.

May it please your Honour y

I HAVE been made happy by your honour's noble
and dear lines of the two and twentieth of July : and
the joy, that I took therein, was only kept from
excess by the notice they gave me of some intentions
and advices of your honour, which you have been
pleased to impart to others of my friends, with a mean-
ing, that they should acquaint me with them ; whereof
they have intirely failed. And therefore if still it
should import me to understand what they were, I
must be inforced to beg the knowledge of them from
yourself. Your honour hath, by this short letter, de-
livered me otherwise from a great deal of laborious
suspence. For, besides the great hope you give me
ot being so shortly able to do you reverence, I am
come to know, that by the diligence of your favour
towards me, my lord of Canterbury hath been drawn
to give way, and the master of the horse hath been
induced to move. That motion, I trust, will be
granted howsoever; but I should be out of fear there-
of, if, when he moves the kingi your honour would
cast to be present ; that if his majesty should make
any difficulty, some such reply, as is wont to come
from you, in such cases, may have power to dis-
charge it.

I have been told rather confidently than credibly,
for in truth I am hardly drawn to believe it, that Sir
Henry Goodere should under hand, upon the reason
of certain accounts, that run between him and me,
wherein I might justly lose my right, if I had so little
wit, as to trouble your honour's infinite business, by
a particular relation thereof, oppose himself to my re-
turn ; and perform ill offices in conformity of that un;
kind affection, which he is said to bear me. But, as
I said, I cannot absolutely believe it, though yet I
could not so far despise the information, as not to ac-
quaint your honour with what I heard. I offer it not

1 IS Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

as a ruled case, but only as a query, as I have also
done to Mr. Secretary Lake, in this letter, which I
humbly pray your honour may be given him, together
with your best ad vice, how my business is to be carried
in this conjuncture of his majesty's drawing near to
London, at which time I shall receive my sentence. I
have learned frqm your honour to be confident, that
it will be pronounced in my favour: but if the will of
God should be otherwise, I shall yet frame for myself
a good proportion of contentment ; since, howsoever
I was so unfortunate, as that I might pot enjoy my
country, yet withal, I was so happy, as that my re-
turn thither was desired and negotiated by the affection,
which such a person as yourself vouchsafed to bear me.
When his majesty shall be moved , if he chance to make
difficulty about my return, and offerto impose any con-
dition, which, it is known, I cannot draw myself to
digest ; I desire it may be remembered, that my case
is common with many of his subjects, who breathe
in the air of the country, and that my case is not com-
mon with m^ny, since 1 have lived so long abroad
with disgrace at home ; and yet have ever been free
not only from suspicion of practice, but from the least
dependence upon foreign princes. My king is wise j
and I hope, that he hath this just mercy in store for
me. God Almighty make and keep your honour ever
happy, and keep me so in his favour, as I will be
sure to continue

Your Honour's ever most obliged
and devoted servant,

Antwerp, this first of Sept. ToBIE MATTHEW.

stylo novo, 1616.

POSTSCRIPT.

May it pkase your Honour,

I have written to Sir John Digby ; and I think he
would do me all favour, if he were handsomely put
upon it. My lady of Pembroke (a) hath written, and

(a) Mary, widow of Henry, earl of Pembroke, who died January
19, 1601-2, daughter of Sir Henry Sidney, and sister of Sir Philip,
She died September 25, 1621.

Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

that very earnestly, to my lord Chamberlain in my
behalf.

This letter goes by Mr. Robert Garret, to whom I
am many ways beholden, for making me the best
present, that ever I received, by delivering me your
honour's last letter.

Sir FRANCIS BACON to the KING.

J/<7j/ it please your excellent Majesty,

BECAUSE I have ever found, that in business the
consideration of persons, who are instr amenta ani-
mala, is no less weighty than of matters, I humbly
pray your majesty^to peruse this inclosed paper, con-
taining a diligence which I have used in onpiem in-
ventitm. If Towerson («), as a passionate man, have
overcome himself in his opinion, so it is. But if his
company make this good, then I am very glad to see
in the case, wherein we now stand, there is this hope
left, and your majesty's honour preserved in the entier.
God have your majesty in his divine protection.

Your Majesty's most devoted, and

most bounden servant, &c.

This is a secret to all men but my lord chancellor;
and we go on this day with the new company, with-
out discouraging them at all.

September 18, 1616.

Indorsed,

To the King, upon Towerson's propositions about
the cloth business.

(«) Whose brother, captain Gabriel Towerson, was one of the
English merchants executed by the Dutch at Amboyna, in 1623.

tellers, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

RICHARD MARTIN, Esq. (a) to Sir FRANCIS
BACON.

Right Honourable,

MY attendance at court two days, in vain, consi-
dering the end of my journey, .was no loss unto me,
seeing thereby I made the gain of the ove/ture and
assurance of your honour's affection. These comforts
have given new life and strength to my hopes, which
before began to faint. I know, what your honour
promiseth, you will undertake ; and what you under-
take, you seldom fail to compass; for such proof of
your prudence and industry your honour hath of late
times given to the swaying world. There is, to my
understanding, no great intricacy in my affair, in
which I plainly descry the course to the shore I would
land at ; to which neither I, nor any other can attain,
without the direction of our great master-pilot, who
will not stir much without the beloved mate sound the
way. Both these none can so well set awork as
yourself, who have not only their ear, but their affec-
tion, and that with good right, as I hope, in time, to
good and public purpose. It is fit likewise, that your
honour know all my advantages. The present incum-
bent is tied to me by firm promise, which gives an
impediment to the competitors, whereof one already,
according to the heaviness of his name and nature,
petit deorsum. And though I be a bad courtier, yet 1
know the style of gratitude, and shall learn as I am
instructed. Whatsoever your honour shall undertake
for me, I will make good. Therefore I humbly and
earnestly intreat your best endeavour, to assure to

(a] Born about, 1570, entered a commoner of Broad-gate's hall,
now Pembroke-college, Oxford, in 1585, whence lie removed to the
Middle Temple. In the parliament of 160], he served for the bo-
rough of Barnstaple in Devon ; and in the first parliament of king
James I. he served for Cirencester in Gloucestershire ; he was chosen
recorder of London in September, 1618 ; but died in the last day of
the following month. He was much esteemed by the men of learn-
ing and genius of that age.

Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

yourself and your master a servant, who both can and
will, though asyet mistaken, advance his honour and
service with advantage. Your love and wisdom is
my last address ; and on the real nobleness of your
nature, whereof there is so good proof, stands my last
hope. If I now find a stop, I will resolve it is fatum
CafthaginiS't and sit down in perpetual peace. In
this business I desire ail convenient silence ; for
though I can endure to be refused, yet it would trouble
me to have my name blasted. If your honour re-
turn not, and you think it requisite, I will attend at
court. Mean time, with all humble and hearty
wishes for increase of all happiness, I kiss your ho-
nour's hands.

Your Honour's humbly at command,

September 27, 1610'.

R.

To the right honourable Sir Francis Bacon, Knight,
his Majesty's Attorney General, and one of his Ma-
jesty's 'most honourable priry council, my singular
patron at court.

To the KING.

It may please your Majesty,

THIS morning, according to your majesty's com-
mand, we have had my lord chief justice of the king's
bench (a) before us, we being assisted by all our
learned council, except Serjeant Crew, who was then
gone to attend your majesty. It was delivered unto
him, that your majesty's pleasure was, that we should
receive an account from him of the performance of a
commandment of your majesty laid upon him, which
was, that he should enter into a view and retraction
of such novelties, and errors, and offensive conceits,
as were dispersed in his Reports ; that he had had
good time to do it 5 and we doubted not but he had

(«) Sir Edward Coke.

12 2 Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

used good endeavour in it, which we desired now in
particular to receive from him.

His speech was, that there were of his Reports
eleven books, that contained about five hundred cases :
that heretofore in other Reports, as namely, those of
Mr. Plowden (6), which he reverenced much, there
hath been found nevertheless errors, which the wis-
dom of time had discovered, and later judgments
controlled ; and enumerated to us four cases in Plow-
den, which were erroneous : and thereupon delivered
in to us the inclosed paper, wherein your majesty
may perceive, that my lord is an happy man, tha't
there should be no more errors in his five hundred
cases, than in a few cases of Plowden. Your majesty
may also perceive, that your majesty 's direction to my
lord chanchellor and myself, and the travail taken by
us and Mr. Solicitor (c), injfqllowing and performing
your direction, was not altogether lost ; for that of
those three heads, which we principally respected,
which were the rights and liberties of the .church,
your prerogative, and the jurisdiction of other your
courts, my lord hath scarcely fallen upon any, except
it be the prince's case, which also yet seemeth to
stand but upon the grammatical, of French and
Latin.

My lord did also give his promise, which your ma-
jesty shaJl find in the end of his writing, thus far in a
kind of common place or thesis, that it was sin fora
man to go against his own conscience, though erro-

(6) Edmund Plowden, born of an anticnt family of that name at
Plowden in Shropshire, who, as he tells us himself in the preface to his
Reports, in the twentieth year of his age, and the thirtieth of the
reign of Henry VIII. anno 1539, began his study ot the common Jaw
in the Middle Temple. Wood adds Aih. Oxon ~lrol. I. col. 219, that
lie spent three years in the study of arts, philosophy, and physic, at
Cambridge, and four at Oxford, wherein November 1,552 he was
admitted to practise chirur^ery and physic. In 1557 he became sum-
mer reader of the Middle Temple, anil three years after lent reader,
having been made Serjeant, October 27, 1558. fie died February
6, 1534-5, at the a.£C of sixty-seven, in the profession of the Rou.aii
catholic faith, and lies interred in the Temple church.

(c) Sir Henry Yelverton.

Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon. 123

neous, except his conscience be first informed and
satisfied.

The lord chancellor in the conclusion signified to
my lord Coke your majesty's commandment, that
until report made, and your pleasure thereupon known,
he shall forbear his sitting at Westminster, &c. not
restraining nevertheless any other exercise of his place
of chief justice in private.

Thus having performed, to the best of our under-
standing, your royal commandant, we rest ever

Your Majesty's most faithful,

and most bounden servants, 8Ce..

The Lord Viscount VILLIERS to Sir FKANCIS
BACON, Attorney General,

SIR,

I HAVE acquainted his majesty with my lord
chancellor's and your report, touching my lord Coke;
as also with your opinion therein ; which his majesty
doth dislike for these three reasons : first, because,
that by this course you propound, the process cannot
have a beginning, till after his majesty's return ; which,
how long it may last after, no man knoweth. He
therefore thinketh it too long and uncertain a de-
lay, to keep the bench so long void from a chief
justice. Secondly, although his majesty did use the
council's advice in dealing with the chief justice
upon his other misdemeanors; yet he would be loth
to lessen his prerogative, in making the council judges,
whether he should be turned out of his place or no,
if the case should so require. Thirdly, for that my
lord Coke hath sought means to kiss his majesty's
hands, and withal to acquaint him with some things
of great importance to his service ; he holdeth it not
fit to admit him to his presence, before these points
be determined, because that would be a grant of his
pardon before he had his trial. And if those things,

12-1 Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

wherewith he is to acquaint his majesty, be of such
consequence, it would be dangerous and prejudicial
to his majesty, to delay him too long. Notwithstand-
ing, if you shall advise of any other reasons to the con-
trary, his majesty would have you, with all the speed
you can, to send them unto him ; and in the mean
time to keep back his majesty's tetter, which is herein
sent unto you, from my lord Coke's knowledge, until
you receive his majesty's further direction for your
proceeding in his business.

And so I rest,
your ever assured friend at command,

Theobald's, GEORGE VlLLIERS.

the 3d of October, 1616.

To the Eight Honourable Sir Francis Bacon, Knight,
his Majesty's Attorney General, and of his most
honourable privy council.

To the KING.

It may please your most excellent Majesty*
WE have considered of the letters, which we re-
ceived from your majesty, as well that written to us
both, as that other written by my lord Villiers to me,
the attorney, which 1 thought good to acquaint my
lord chancellor withal, the better to give your majesty
satisfaction. And we most humbly desire your ma-
jesty to think, that we are, and ever shall be, ready to
perform and obey your majesty's directions ; towards
which the first degree is to understand them well.

In answer therefore to both the said letters, as well
concerning matter as concerning time, we shall in
all humbleness offer to your majesty's high wisdom
the considerations following.

First, we did conceive, that after my lord Coke was
sequestered from the table and his circuits (a), -when

(a] On the 30th of June, 1616, Camdeni Jnnales Regis Jacobi L
p. 19 ; and Peck, Desiderata Curiosa, Vol. I. Lib. VI. p. 18.

Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

your majesty laid upon him your commandment for
the expurging of his Reports, and commanded also
our service to look into them, and into other novel*
ties introduced into the government, your majesty had
in this your doing two principal ends :

The one, to see, if upon so fair an occasion he
would make any expiation of his former faults : and
also shew himself sensible of those things in his Re-
ports, which he could not but know were the likest
to be offensive to your majesty.

The other, to perform de vcro this right to your
crown and succession, and your people also; that
those errors and novelties might not run on, and au-
thorize by time, but might be taken away, whether
he consented to it or no.

But we did not conceive your majesty would have
had him charged with those faults of his book, or
those other novelties ; but only would have had them
represented to you for your better information.

Now your majesty seeth what he hath done, you
can better judge of it than we can. If, upon this pro-
bation added to former matters, your majesty think
him not fit for your service, we must in all humble-
ness subscribe to your majesty, and acknowledge that
neither his displacing, considering he holdeth his
place but during your will and pleasure, nor the choice
of a fit man to be put in his room, are council-table
matters, but are to proceed wholly from your ma-
jesty's great wisdom and gracious pleasure. So that
in this course, it is but the signification of your plea-
sure, and the business is at an end as to him. Only
there remaineth the actual expurgation or animad-
versions of the books.

But if your majesty understand it, that he shall be
charged, then, as your majesty best knoweth, justice
requireth, that he be heard and called to his answer,
and then your majesty will be pleased to consider, be-
fore whom he shall be charged ; whether before the
body of your council, as formerly he was, or some se-
lected commissioners ; for we conceive your majesty
will not think it convenient it should be before us

126 Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

two only. Also the manner of his charge is consider-
able, whether it shall be verbal by your learned coun-
cil, as it was last ; or whether, in respect of the
multiplicity of matters, he shall not have the collections
we have made in writing, delivered to him. Also the
matter of his charge is likewise considerable, whether
any of those points of novelty, which by your majesty's
commandment we collected, shall be made part of
his charge; or only the faults of his books, and the
prohibitions and habeas corpus, collected by my lord
of Canterbury. In all which course we foresee length
of time, not so much for your learned council to be
prepared, for that is almost done already, but because
himself no doubt, will crave time of advice to peruse
his own books, and to see, whether the collections be
true, and that he be justly charged ; and then to pro-
duce his proofs, that those things, which he shall be
charged with, were not conceits or singularities of
his own, but the acts of court, and other like things,
tending to excusation or extenuation; wherein we do
not see, how the time of divers days, if not of Weeks,
can be denied him. .

Now for time, if this last course of charging him be
taken, we may only inform your majesty thus much,
that the absence of a chief justice, though it should be
for a whole term, as it hath been often upon sickness,
. can be no hindrance to common justice. For the bu-
siness of the king's bench may be dispatched by the
rest of the judges : his voice in the star-chamber may
be supplied by any other judge, that my lord chan-
cellor shall call ; and the trials by nisi prius may be
supplied by commission.

But as for those great matters of discovery, we can
say nothing more than this, that either they are old or
new. If old, he is to blame for having kept them so
long: if new, or whatsoever, he may advertise your
majesty of thewi by letter, or deliver them byword
to such counsellor as your majesty will assign.

Thus we hope your majesty will accept of our sin-
cerity, having dealt freely and openly with your ma-
jesty, as becomcth us : and when we shall receive'

Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon. 127

your pleasure and direction, we shall execute and
obey the same in all things ; ending with our prayers
for your majesty, and resting

Your Majesty's most faithful, and

most bounden servants,
October 6, 1616.

T. ELLESMERE GANG.
FR. BACON.

Remembrances' of his Majesty's declaration,

touching the Lord COKE.

THAT although the discharging and removing of
his majesty's officers and servants, as well as the
choice and advancement of men to place, be no coun-
cil-table matters, but belong to his majesty's princely
will and secret judgment ; yet his majesty will do his
council this honour, that in his resolutions of that
kind, his council shall know them first before others,
and shall know them, accompanied by their causes,
making as it were a private manifesto, or revealing
of himself to them without parables.

Then to have the report of the lords touching the
business of the lord Coke, and the Jast order of the
council read.

That done> his majesty farther to declare, that he
might, upon the same three grounds in the order men-
tioned, of deceit, contempt, and slander of his go-
vernment, very justly have proceeded then, not only
to have put him from his place of chief justice, but to
have brought him in question in the star-chamber,
which would have been his utter overthrow; but then
his majesty was pleased for that time only to put him.
off from the council-table, and from the public exer-
cise of his place of chief justice, and to take farther
time to deliberate.

That in his majesty's deliberation, besides the pre-
sent occasion, he had in some things looked back to
the lord Coke's former carriage, and in some things
looked forward, to make some farther trial of him.

Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

That for things passed, his majesty had noted in
him a perpetual turbulent carriage, first towards the
liberties of his church and estate ecclesiastical; towards
his prerogative royal, and the branches thereof; and
likewise towards all the settled jurisdictions of all his
other courts, the high commission, the star-chamber,
the chancery, the provincial councils, the admiralty,
the duchy, the court of requests, the commission of
inquiries, the new boroughs of Ireland ; in all which
he had raised troubles and new questions ; and lastly,
x in that, which might concern the safety of his royal
person, by his exposition of the laws in cases of high
treason.

That besides the actions themselves, his majesty in
his princely wisdom hath made two special observa-
tions of him j the one, that he having in his nature
not one part of those things, which are popular in
men, being neither civil, nor affable, nor magnificent,
he hath made himself popular by design only, in pull-
ing down government. The other, that whereas his
majesty might have expected a change in him, when
he made him his own, by taking him to be of his
council, it made no change at all, but to the worse,
he holding on all his former channel, and running se-
parate courses from the rest of his council ; and rather
busying himself in casting fears before his council,
concerning what they could not do, than joining his
advice what they should do.

That his majesty, desirous yet to make a farther
trial of him, had given him the summer's vacation to
reform his Reports, wherein there be many danger-
ous conceits of his own uttered for law, to the pre-
judice of his crown, parliament, and subjects ; and to
see, whether by this he would in any part redeem his
fault. But that his majesty hath failed of the redemp-
tion he desired, but hath met with another kind of re-
demption from him, which he little expected. For
as to the Reports, after three months time and consi-
deration, he had offered his majesty only five animad-
versions, being rather a scorn, than a satisfaction to
his majesty ; whereof one was that in the prince's case

Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

he bad found out the French statute, which was filz
aisnC) whereas the Latin was primogenitus ; and so
the prince is duke of Cornwall in French, and not
duke of Cornwall in Latin. And another was, that
he had set Montagu to be chief justice in Henry
VIII's time, when it should have been in Edward
Vl's, and such other stuff; not falling upon any of
those things, which he could not but know were of-
fensive.

That hereupon his majesty thought good to refresh
his memory, and out of many cases, which his ma-
jesty caused to be collated, to require his answer to
five, being all such, as were but expatiations of his
own, and no judgments ; whereunto he returned such
an answer, as did either justify himself, or elude the
matter, so as his majesty seeth plainly antiquum
obti?iet.

To Sir FRANCIS BACON, Attorney General (a),
SIR,

I HAVE kept your man here thus long, because
T thought there would have been some occasion for
me to write after Mr. Solicitor General's being with
the king. But he hath received so full instruction
from his majesty, that there is nothing left forme to
add in the business. And so I rest

Your faithful servant,

Rojston, the 13th of Octob. 1616. GEORGE VlLLIERS.

To the right honourable Sir Francis Bacon, knight, one
of his majesty's privy council, and his attorney

«L C /iC / Ci't'*

(a) Harl. MSS. Vol. 7003,
VOL. VI,

Letters, etc. of Lori Chancellor Bacon,

Sir EDMUND BACOW (a) to Sir FRANCIS BACON,
Attorney General.

My Lord,

I AM bold to present unto your hands by this
bearer, whom the law calls up, some salt of worm-
wood, being uncertain, whether the regard of your
health makes you still continue the use of that medi-
cine. I could wish it otherwise ; for I am persuaded,
that all diuretics, which carry with them that pun-x
tuous nature and caustic quality by calcination, are
hurtful to the kidnies, if not enemies to the other prin-
cipal parts of the body. Wherein if it shall please you
for your better satisfaction, to call the advice of your
learned physicians, and that they shall resolve of
any medicine for your health, wherein my poor la-
bour may avail you, you know where your faith-
ful apothecary dwells, who will be ready at your com-
mandment ; as I am bound both by your favours to
myself, as also by those to my nephew, whom you have
brought out of darkness into light, and, by what I
hear, have already made him, by your bounty, a sub-
ject of emulation to his elder brother. We are all
partakers of this your kindness towards him ; and for
myself, I shall be ever ready to deserve it by any ser-
vice that shall lie in the power of

Your lordship's poor nephew,

Redgrave, this 19th of EDM. BACON.

October, 1616.

For the right honourable Sir Francis Bacon, knight,
his majesty's attorney general, and one of his /nost
honourable privy counsellors, be these delivered at
London.

(ft} Nephew of Sir Francis Bacon, being eldest son of Sir Ni*
cholas Bacon, lord keeper of the great seal. Sir Edmund died
without issue, April 10, 1649. There are several letters to hiia
from Sir Henry Wotton, printed among the works of the latter.

Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon. 131

To the KING.

May it please your excellent Majesty,

I SEND your majesty a form of discharge for my
lord Coke from his place of chief justice of your
bench (a).

I send also a warrant to the lord chancellor, for
making forth a writ for a new chief justice, leaving a
blank for the name to be supplied by your majesty's
presence ; for I never received your majesty's express
pleasure in it.

If your majesty resolve of Montagu (b) as I con-
ceive and wish, it is very material, as these times are, '
that your majesty have some care, that the recorder
succeeding be a temperate and discreet man, and as-
sured to your majesty's service. If your majesty,
without too much harshness, can continue the place
within your own servants, it is best : if not, the man,
upon whom the choice is like to fall, which is Coven-
try (c), I hold doubtful for your service ; not but that
he is a well learned, and an honest man -, but he
hath been, as it were, bred by lord Coke, and sea-
soned in his ways.

God preserve your majesty.

Your Majesty's most humble

and bounden servant*

FR. BACON.

I send not these things, which concern my lord
Coke, by my lord Villiers, for such reasons as your
majesty may conceive.

November 13, at noon [1616.]

(«) Sir Edward Coke was removed from that post on the 15th of
November, 1616.

(b) Sir Henry Montagu, recorder of London, who was made lord
chief justice of the King's Bench, November 16, 1616. He was
afterwards made lord treasurer, and created earl of Manchester.

(c) Thomas Coventry, Esq; afterwards Ior4 keeper of the great
seal.

K 2

Letters, etc. o

TQ the KINO.

It may please your most excellent Majesty,

I SEND your majesty, according to your com-
taari'dment, the warrant for the review of Sir Edward
Coke's Reports. I had prepared it before I re-
ceived your majesty's pleasure : but I was glad to see
it was in your mind, as well as in my hands. In the
nomination, which your majesty made of the judges,
>to whom it should be directed, your majesty could
^ot name the lord chief justice, that now is («V be-
cause he was not then declared : but you could not
le'ave him out now, without discountenance.

" I send your majesty the state of lord Darcy 's
cause (6) in the star chamber, set down by Mr. So-
licitor (c), and mentioned in the letters, which your
^majesty received from the lords. I leave all in -hum-
bleness to your majesty's royal judgment : but this is
.

(«) Sir Henry Montagu.

(b] This is just mentioned in a letter of Sir Franci; Bacon to the
Jord viscount Vitliers, printed in his works ; but is more particularly
.stated in the Reports of Sir Henry Hobart, lord clnei justice of the
Common Pleas, p. 120, 121. Edit. London, 1658, fol. as follows.
The lord Darcy of the North sued Gervase Markham, Esq; in the
Star-Chamber, in 1616, on- this occasion. They had hunted to-
gether, and the defendant and a servant of the plaintiff, one Beck-
with, fell together by the ears in "the" field ; and Beck with threw
him down, and was upon him cufiing him, when the lord Darcy took
his servant off, and reproved him. However, Mr. Markham ex-
pressing somfe anger against his lordship, and charging him with main-
ftaining lu's .man, lord Darcy answered, that he. had used Mr. Mark-
bam kfndly ; for if he had not rescued him from his man, the Litter
'would frave beaten :him to rags. Mr. Markham, upon this, wrote
five or six letters to lord Darcy, subscribing them with his name ; but
did not send them, and only' dispersed them unsealed in the fields;
the purport of them being this : that whereas the lord" Darcy had said,
.^tha.t, but /or him, his servant Beckwith had beaten him to. rags,
'he 'lied; and as often as he should speak it, he lied; and- that he
r would maintain this with his life: adding, that he had dispersed
those letters, that his lordship might find them, or somebody ei-c
bring them to him ; and that if his lordship were desirous to speak
, with' h;m, he might send hh boy, who should be well used. For
"Itiis offence, Mr. 'Markhani was censured, and fined 5001. by the
Star-Chamber.

(<•} Sir Henry Yelverton.

Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon. 133

true, that it was the clear opinion of my lord chan-
cellor, and myself, and the two chief justices, and
others, that it is a cause most fit for the censure of the
court, both for the repressing of duels, and the en-
couragement of complaints in courts of justice. If
your majesty be pleased it shall go on, there resteth
-but Wednesday for the hearing; for the last day of
term is commonly left for orders, though sometimes^
upon extraordinary occasion, it hath been set down
for the hearing of some great cause.

I send your majesty also baron Bromley's (d) re-
port, which your majesty required ; whereby your
majesty may perceive things go not so well in Cum- 5

berland, which. is the seat of the party your majesty
named to me, as was conceived. And yet if there
were land-winds, as there be sea-winds, to bind meil
in, I could wish he were a little wind-bound, to keep
him in the south.

But while your majesty passeth the accounts of
judges in circuits, your majesty will give me leave to
think of the judges here in their upper region. And
because Tacitus saith well, opportune magnis conalibus
trajisitus rcrurn ; now upon this change, when he,
that letteth, is gone, I shall endeavour, to the best of
my power and skill, that there may be a consent
and united mind in your judges to serve you, and
strengthen your business. For I am persuaded there
cannot be a sacrifice, from which there may come up
to you a sweeter odour of rest, than thrsreffect, whereof
I speak.

For this wretched murderer, Bertram (e), now gone
to his place, I have, perceiving your majesty's good
liking of what I propounded, taken order, that there

(d) Edward Bromley,, made one of the barons of the Exchequer,
February 6, l^s.

(f) John Bertram, a grave man, above seventy years of age, and
of a clear reputation, according to Camden, A males Regis Jacobi I.
Y<- .21-. He killed with a' pistol, in Lincoln's Inn, on" the 12th 'of
November, KJ!6, Sir John T\ndul, a master in Chancery, for having
report against him in a cause, wherein the sum contended

^

for did not exceed '200 1, He .hanged .himself in prison on the 17th
of that month.

134 Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

shall be a declaration concerning the cause in the
king's bench, by occasion of punishment of the
offence of his keeper ; and another in chancery, upon
the occasion of moving for an order, according to his
just and righteous report. And yet withal, I have set
on work a good pen (/), and myself will overlook it,
for making some little pamphlet fit to fly abroad in
the country.

For your majesty's proclamation touching the
wearing of cloth, after I had drawn a form as near as
I could to your majesty's direction, I propounded it
to the lords, my lord chancellor being then absent ;
and after their lordships' good approbation, and some
points by them altered, I obtained leave of them to
confer thereupon with my lord chancellor and some
principal judges, which I did this afternoon : so as, it
being now perfected, I shall offer it to the board to-
morrow, and so send it to your majesty.

So humbly craving your majesty's pardon for
troubling you with so long a letter, specially being
accompanied with other papers, I ever rest

Your Majesty's most humble

and boundcn servant,

This 21st of November, at • T? r>

ten at Night [1616.] *&• t>ACON.

Remembrances for the KING before his going
into Scotland.

May it please your Majesty,

ALTHOUGH your journey be but as a long pro-
gress, and that your majesty shall be still within your
own land j and therefore any extraordinary course
neither needful, nor in my opinion fit ; yet neverthe-
less, I thought it agreeable to my duty and care of
your service, to put you in mind of those points of
form, which have relation, not so much to a journey

(f) Mr. Trott.

Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon. 135

into Scotland, as to an absence from your city of
London for six months, or to a distance from your
said city near three hundred miles ; and that in an
ordinary course, wherein I lead myself, by calling to
consideration what things there are, that require your
signature, and may seem not so fit to expect sending
to and fro; and therefore to be supplied by some
precedent warrants.

First, your ordinary commissions of justice, of
assize, and the peace, need not your signature, but
pass of course by your chancellor. And your com-
missions of lieutenancy, though they need your signa-
ture, yet if any of the lieutenants should die, your
majesty's choice and pleasure may be very well at-
tended. Only I should think fit, under your ma-
jesty's correction, that such of your lord lieutenants, as
do not attend your person, were commanded to abide
within their counties respectively.

For grants, if there were a longer cessation, I think
your majesty will easily believe it will do no hurt.
And yet if any be necessary, the continual dispatches
win supply that turn.

That, which is chiefly considerable, is proclama-
tions, which all do require your majesty's signature,
except you leave some warrant under your great seal
to your standing council here in London.

It is true, I cannot foresee any case of such sudden
necessity, except it should be the apprehension of
some grea*- offenders, or the adjournment of the term
upon si. <ess, or some riot in the city, such as hath
been about the liberties of the Tower, or against
strangers, &c. But your majesty, in your great wis-
dom, may perhaps think of many things, that I cannot
remember or foresee : and therefore it was fit to refer
those things to your better judgment.

Also my lord chancellor's age and health is such,
as it doth not only admit, but require the accident of
his death (g) to be thought of ; which may fall in such
a time, as the very commissions of ordinary justice

fa) He died at the age of seventy, on the 15th of March, 161?,
having resigned the great seal on the 3d oif that month ; which wat
given on the 7th to Sir Francis Bacon.

136 Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

before mentioned, and writs, which require present
dispatch, cannot well be put off. Therefore your
majesty may be pleased to take into consideration,.
whether you will not have such a commission, as was
prepared about this time twelvemonth in my lord's
extreme sickness, for the taking of the seal into cus-
tody, and for the seal of writs and commissions for
ordinary justice, till you may advise of a chancellor or
keeper of the great seal.

Your majesty will graciously pardon my care, which
is assiduous ; and it is good to err in caring even rather
too much than too little. These things, for so much
as concerneth forms, ought to proceed from my place,
as attorney, unto which you have added some interest
in matter, by making me of your privy council. But
for the main they rest wholly in your princely judgment,
being well informed ; because miracles are ceased,
though admiration will not cease, while you live.
Indorsed, February 21/1616.

Sir EDWARD COKE to the KING.
7 Most gracious Sovereign,

, I THINK it now my duty to inform your majesty
of the motives that induced the lord chancellor and
judges to resolve, that a murder or felony, committed
by one Englishman upon another in a foreign king-
dom, shall be punished before the constable and mar-
shal here in England.

First, in the book-case, in the 13th year of king
Henry the fourth, in whose reign the statute was
made, it is expressly said, one liege-man was killed in
Scotland by another liege-man ; and the wife of him
that was killed, did sue an appeal of murder in the
constable's court of England. Vide Statutum* saith
the book, de primo Hcnrici IV. Cap. 14. Et con-
temporanea expositio est fortissimo, in Lege. Stanford, (a)

(a) Sir William, the most antienf: writer on the pleas of the crown.
He was born in Middlesex August, 22, 1509, educated in the uni-
versity of Oxford, studied the law at GrayVInn, in which he was
elected autumn reader in 15-1-5, made serjeant in 1552, the year fol-
lowing queen's serjeant, and, in 155 4, one of the justices of the
Common Fleas. Ho died August 28, 1558.

Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon. 137

an author without exception, saith thus, fol. 65, a. :
" By the statute of Henry IV. Cap. 14. if any subject
" kill another subject in a foreign kingdom, the wife
" of him, that is slain, may have an appeal in Eng-
" land before the constable and marshal, which is a
" case in terminis terminantibus. And when the wife,
" if the party slain have any, shall have an appeal,
<c there, if he hath no wife, his next heir shall have it."

If any fact be committed out of the kingdom, upon
the high sea, the lord admiral shall determine it. If
in a foreign kingdom, the cognizance belongeth to
the constable, where the jurisdiction pertains to him.

And these authorities being seen by Bromley, chan-
cellor, and the two chief justices, they clearly resolved
the case, as before I have certified your majesty.

I humbly desire I may be so happy, as to kiss your
majesty's hands, and to my exceeding comfort to see
your sacred person ; and I shall ever rest

Your Majesty *s faithful and loyal subject,

Feb. 25 [i6if]. EDVV. COKE.

To the King's most excellent Majesty.

To the KING (#).

Mai) it please your most excellent Majesty,

MY continual meditations upon your majesty's
service and greatness have, amongst other things, pro-
duced this paper inclosed, which I most humbly pray
your majesty to excuse, being that, which, in my judg-
ment, I think to be good both de vero, and ad pofiulum.
Of other things I have written to my lord of Buck-
ingham. God for ever preserve and prosper your

Your Majesty's humble servant,

most devoted and most bounden,

March 23, 1616. Fil. BACON.

Indorsed,

My lord keeper to his majesty, with some additional
instructions for Sir John Digby.

(a] His Majesty had begun Kis journey towards Scotland, on the
Hth of March, 161$.

Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon,

Additional instructions to Sir JOHN DIGBY(/*).

BESIDES your instructions directory to the sub*
stance of the main errand, we would have you in the
whole carriage and passages of the negotiation, as well
with the king himself, as the duke of Lerma, and
council there, intermix discourse upon fit occasions,
that may express ourselves to the effect following r

That you doubt not, but that both kings, for that
which concerns religion, will proceed sincerely, both
being intire and perfect in their own belief and way.
But that there are so many noble and excellent effects,
which are equally acceptable to both religions, and
for the good and happiness of the Christian world,
which may arise of this conjunction, as the union of
both kings in actions of state, as may make the differ-
ence in religion as laid aside, and almost forgotten.

As first, that it will be a means utterly to extinguish
and extirpate pirates, which are the common enemies
of mankind, and do so -much infest Europe at this
time.

Also, that it may be a beginning and seed (for the
like actions heretofore have had less beginnings) of a
holy war against the Turk : whereunto it seems the
events of time do invite Christian kings, in respect of
the great corruption and relaxation of discipline of
war in that empire; and much more in respect of the
utter ruin and enervation of the Grand Signer's navy
and forces by sea ; which openeth a way, with con*
gregating vast armies by land, to suffocate and starve
Constantinople, and thereby to put those provinces
into mutiny and insurrection.

Also, that by the same conjunction there will be
erected a tribunal, or praetorian power, to decide the
controversies, which may arise amongst the princss
Sind estates of Christendom, without effusion of Chris-
tian blood j for so much as any estate of Christendom

(a) Ambassador to the court of Spainv

Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

will hardly recede from that, which the two kings
shall meditate and determine.

Also, that whereas there doth, as it were, creep
upon the ground a disposition in some places to make
popular estates and leagues to the disadvantage of
monarchies, the conjunction of the two kings will be
able to stop and impedite the growth of any such eviL

These discourses you shall do well frequently to
treat upon, and therewithal to fill up the spaces of the
active part of your negotiation ; representing, that it
stands well with the greatness and majesty of the two
kings to extend their cogitations and the influence of
their government, not only to their own subjects but
to the state of the whole world besides, specially the
Christian portion thereof.

Account of Council Business.

FOR remedy against the infestation of pirates, than
which there is not a better work under heaven, and
therefore worthy of the great care his majesty hath
expressed concerning the same, this is done :

First, Sir Thomas Smith (a) hath certified in writing,
on the behalf of the merchants of London, that there
will be a contribution of 20,0001. a year, during two
years space, towards the charge of repressing the pi-
rates ; wherein we do both conceive, that this, being
as the first offer, will be increased. And we consider
also, that the merchants of the West, who have sus-
tained in proportion far greater damage than those of
London, will come into the circle, and follow the ex-

(«) Of Biborough in Kent, second son of Thomas Smith, of Osten-
hanger, of that county, Esq ; He had farmed the customs in the reign
of queen Elizabeth , and was sent, by king James I. ambassador to the
court of Russia, in March 1604-5; from whence returning, he was
made governor of the society of merchants trading to the East-Indies,
Muscovy, the French and Summer Islands ; and treasurer for the
colony and company of Virginia. He built a magnificent house at
Deptford, which was burnt on the 30th of January, 1613; and in
April 1619, he was removed from his employment of governor and
treasurer, upon several complaints of frauds committed by him.

3 10 Letters, etc. of Lord Chance/lor Bacon.

ample : and for that purpose letters are directed unto
them.

Secondly, for the consultation demodo of the arming
and proceeding against them, in respect that my lord
admiral (b) cometh not yet abroad, the table hath re-
ferred it to my lord treasurer (c), the lord Carew (d),
and Mr. Chancellor of the Exchequer (e), who here-
tofore hath served as treasurer of the navy, to confer
with the lord admiral, cailing to that conference Sir
'Robert Mansell, and others expert in sea-service 5 and
so to make report unto the board. At which time
some principal merchants shall likewise attend for the
lords better information.

So that, when this is done, his majesty shall be
advertised from the table : whereupon his majesty
may be pleased to take into this royal consideration,
both the business in itself, and as it may have relation
to Sir John Digby's 'embassage.

For safety and caution against tumults and -disor-
ders in and near the city, in respect of some idle fly-
ing papers, that were cast abroad of a May-day, &c.
the lords have wisely taken a course neither to nurse
it, or nourish it, by too much apprehension, nor
much less to neglect due provision to make all sure.
And therefore order is given, that as well the trained
bands, as the military bands, newly erected, shall be
in muster as well weekly, in the mean time, on every
Thursday, which is the day upon which May-day
faileth, as in the May week itself, the Monday, Tiics-
"clay," Wednesday, and Thursday. Besides, that the
strength, of the Watch shall that day be increased.

For the buildings in and about London, order is
.given for four selected aldermen, and four selected
justices, to have the care and charge thereof laid
upon themj and they answerable for the observing uf

(//). Charles Howard, carl of Nottingham.

(i1) Thomas Howard, earl of Suffolk.

(</) George, lord Carew, \vho Ir.id been president of MUM
in Ireland, and \\us now master of the ordnance, He was
earr'o£-.Totjiess l>y king Charles 1. Itf'Jo.

(0 Sir" Talk Ci;c"vil!c. '

Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon. 1 4 l

his majesty's proclamation, and for stop of all farther
building ; for which purposes the said Eshis are warned
to be before the board, where they shall receive a
strait charge, and be tied to a continual account.

For the provosts marshals, there is already direc-
tion given for the city and the counties adjacent ; and
it shall be strengthened with farther commission, if
there be cause.

For the proclamation, that lieutenants, not being
counsellors, deputy-lieutenants, justices ot the peace,
and gentlemen of quality, should depart the city, and
reside in their counties: we find the city so dead of
company of that kind for the present, as we account
it out of season to command that, which is already
done. But after men have attended their business the
two next terms, in the. end of Trinity-term, accord-
ing to the custom when the justices shall attend at
the star-chamber, I shall give a charge concerning

the same: and that shall be corroborated by a pro-

- . . . r .

clamation, it cause be.

For the information given againsrthe Withering-
tons, that they should countenance and abet the spoils
and disorders in the middle shires; wre find the in-
formers to falter and fail in their accusation. Never-
theless, upon my motion, the table hath ordered, that
the informer shall attend one of the clerks of Athe
council, and set down articulately what he can speak,
-and how he can prove it, and against whom, either
the Witheringtons or others.

For the causes of Ireland, and the late letters frdm

the deputy (/), \ve have but entered into them, atid

'have appointed Tuesday for a farther consultation of

:the same; and therefore of that subject I forbear tp

/write more for this present.

Indorsed,

-March 30, 1617. An account of council business.
(/) Sir Oliver St. John, afterwards viscount Grandison.

Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

To the Lord KEEPER («).
My honourable Lord,

WHEREAS the late lord chancellor thought it fit to
dismiss out of the chancery a cause touching Henry
Skipwith to the common law, where he desireth it
should be decided: these are to intreat your lordship (b)
in the gentleman's favour, that if the adverse party
shall attempt to bring it now back again into your
lordship's court, you would not retain it there, but let
it rest in the place where now it is, that without more
vexation unto him in posting him from one to another,
he may have a final hearing and determination thereof*
And so I rest

Your Lordship's ever at command,

G. BUCKINGHAM.
My Lord,

This is a business, wherein I spake to my lord
Chancellor (c} ; whereupon he dismissed the suit.

Lincoln, the 4th of April, 1617.

To the Reverend UNIVERSITY of OXFORD (d).

AMONGST the gratulations I have received, none
are more welcome and agreeable to me than your
letters, wherein the less I acknowledge of those attri-

(a) Harl. MSS. Vol. 7006.

(b) This is the first of many letters, which the marquis of Buck-
ingham wrote to lord Bacon in favour of persons, who had causes de-
pending in, or likely to come into, the court of Chancery. And it it
not improbable, that such recommendations were considered in that
age as less extraordinary and irregular, than they would appear now.
The marquis made the same kind of applications to lord Bacon's
successor, the lord keeper Williams, in whose Life, by bishop Hacket,
Part I. p. 107, we are informed, that " there was not a cause of
" moment, but, as soon as it came to publication, one of the parties
" brought letters from this mighty peer, and the lord keeper'*
" patron."

(c) Ellesmere.

(d) From the collections of the late Robert Stephens, Esq ; historio-
grapher royal, and John Locker, Esq ; now in possession of the editor.

Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon. 14$

butes you give me, the more I must acknowledge of
your affection, which bindeth me no less to you, that
are professors of learning, than my own dedication
doth to learning itself. And therefore you have no
need to doubt, but I will emulate, as much as in me
is, towards you the merits of him that is gone, by
how much the more I take myself to have more pro-
priety in the principal motive thereof. And for the
equality you write of, I shall by the grace of God,
far as may concern me, hold the balance as equally
between the two universities, as I shall hold the
balance of other justice between party and party.
And yet in both cases I must meet with some in-
clinations of affection, which nevertheless shall not
carry me aside. And so I commend you to God^
goodness*

Your most loving and assured friend,

Gorhambury, April 1 2, 1617.

FR. BACON,

To the Lord KEEPER
My honourable Lord9

I HAVE acquainted his majesty with your letters,
who liked all your proceedings well, saving only the
point, for which you have since made amends, in
obeying his pleasure touching the proclamation. His
majesty would have your lordship go thoroughly
about the business of Ireland, whereinto you are so
well entered, especially at this time, that the chief
justice (b] is come over, who hath delivered his
opinion thereof to his majesty, and hath understood

(a) Harl. MSS. Vol. 7006.

(/>) Sir John Denham, one of the lords justices of Ireland in
1616. He was made one of the barons of the Exchequer in Eng-
land, May 2, 1617. He died January 6, 1638, in the eightieth
year of his age. He was the first who set up customs in Ireland
(not but there were laws for the same before j) of which the first
year's revenue amounted but to 5001 ; but before his death, which
was about twenty-two years after, they were let for 54,0001. per
annum. Borlasc's Reduction of Inland to the crown of England., p. #00,
£dit. London, 1675.

144 Letters etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

what. his majesty, conceived of the same; wherewith
he will acquaint your lordship, and with his own ob-
servation and judgment of the businesses of that
country.

I give your lordship hearty thanks for your care
to satisfy my lady of Rutland's (c) desire ; and will
be as careful, when I come to York, of recommending
your suit to the bLhop (d}. So I rest

Your Lordship's ever at command,

r^ r>

(j. BUCKINGHAM.

Newark, the 5th of April, 1617.

To my very honourable lord, Sir Francis Bacon, knight,
and lord keeper of the great seal of England.

To the Lord KEEPER (e).

My very good Lord,

I SPAKE at York with the archbishop (/), touch-
ing the house, which he hath wholly put into your
hands, to do with it what your lordship shall be
pleased.

I have heretofore, since we were in this journey,
moved his majesty for dispatch of my lord Brack-
ley's (g] business : but because his majesty never hav-
ing heard of any. precedent in the like case, was of

(c) Frances countess of Rutland, first wife of Francis Rutland, and
daughter and coheir of Sir Henry Krievet, of Charleton in Wilt-
shire, knight. She had by the earl an only daughter and heir, Ca-
tharine, first married to George, marquis, and afterwards duke, of
Buckingham ; and secondly to Randolph Mac-Donald, earl, and
afterwards marquis, of Antrim in Ireland.

(d) Relating to York-house.

(e) Harl. MSS. Vol. 7006.
(/) Dr. Tobie Matthew.

(?) Who desired to be created earl in an unusual manner, by tet-
ters patents, without the delivering of the patent by the king's own
hand, or without the ordinary solemnities of creation. He was ac-
cordingly created earl of Bridgwater, May 27, 1(317.

Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon. 145

opinion, that this would be of ill consequence in
making that dignity as easy, as the pulling out of a
sword to make a man a knight, and so make it of
little esteem, he was desirous to be assured, first, that
it was no new course, before he would do it in that
fashion. But since he can receive no assurance from
your lordship of any precedent in that kind, his ma-
jesty intendeth not so to precipitate the business, as
to expose 'that 'dignity to censure and contempt, in
omitting the solemnities required, and usually belong-
ing unto it.

His majesty, though he were awhile troubled with
a little pain in his back, which hindered his hunting,
is now, God be thanked, very well, and as merry as
he ever was ; and we have all held out well.

I shewed his majesty your letter, who taketh very
well your care and desire to hear of his health.

So I commit you to God, and rest

Your Lordship's most assured friend
to do you service,

Aukland, the 18th of Apr. 1617.

G. BUCKINGHAM.

Since the writing of this letter, I have had some
farther speech with his majesty, touching my lord
Brackley : and find, that if, in your lordship's inform-
ation in the course, you write any thing, that may •
tend to the furthering of the dispatch of it in that
kind, he desireth it may be done.

To the Lord KEEPER, (a.)

My honourable Lord,

I SEND your lordship the warrant for the queen (b)
signed by his majesty, to whom I have likewise de-

(a) Harlm. MSS. Vol. 7006.

(b} Relating to her house. See the lord keeper's letter of April 7,
1617, printed in his works.

VOL. VI. t

1 46 Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

livered your lordship's letter. And touching the mat-
ter of the pirates, his majesty cannot yet resolve ; but
within a day or two your lordship shall see a dis-
patch, which he purposeth to send to the lords of his
council in general, what his opinion and pleasure is
in that point.

I would not omit this opportunity to let your lord-
ship know, that his majesty, God be thanked, is in
very good health, and so well pleased with his jour-
ney, that I never saw him better, nor merrier. So
I rest

Your Lordship's ever at command,

From Newcastle, G. BUCKINGHAM,

the 23d of Apr. 1617.

Lord Keeper BACON to Mr. MAXEY, Fellow of
Trinity College, Cambridge (a).

AFTER my hearty commendations, I having
heard of you, as a man well deserving, and of able
gifts to become profitable in the church ; and there
being fallen within my gift the rectory of Frome St.
ftuintin with the chapel of Evershot, in Dorsetshire,
which seems to be a thing of good value, 181. in the
king's books, and in a good country, I have thought
good to make offer of it to you ; the rather for that
you are of Trinity college, whereof myself was some
time : and my purpose is to make choice of men ra-
ther by care and inquiry, than by their own suits and
commendatory letters. So I bid you farewell.

From your loving friend,

From Dorset House, FR. BACON, C. S,

23 April, 1617.

(a) From the collections of the late Robert Stephens, Esq.

Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

The LORD KE£P£R to his NIECE, touching her

Marriage.
Good Niece,

AMONGST your other virtues, I know there
wanteth not in you a mind to hearken to the advice
of your friends. And therefore you will give me
leave to move you again more seriously than before
in the match with Mr. Comptroller (a).

The state, wherein you now are, is to be preferred
before marriage, or changed for marriage, not simply
the one or the other, but according as, by God's pro-
vidence, the offers of marriage are more or less fit to
be embraced. This gentleman is religious, a person
of honour, being counsellor of state, a great officer,
and in very good favour with his majesty. He is of
years and health fit to be comfortable to you, and to
free you of burdensome cares. He is of good means,
and a wise and provident man, and of a loving and
excellent good nature ; and, I find, hath set his affec-
tions upon you; so as I foresee you may sooner change
your mind, which, as you told me, is not yet towards
marriage, than find so happy a choice. I hear he is
willing to visit you, before his going into France,
which, by the king's commandment, is to be within
some ten days : and I could wish you used him kindly,
and with respect. His return out of France is intended
before Michaelmas. God direct you, and be with
you. I rest

Your very loving uncle, and assured friend,

Dorset-house, FR. BACON.

this 28th of April, 1617.

(a) Sir Thomas Edmonds, who had been appointed to that office,
December 21, 1616; and, January 19, 1617-8, was made trea-
surer of the houshold. He had been married to Magdalen, one of
the daughters and coheirs of Sir John Wood, knight, clerk of the
signet : which lady died at Paris, Dec. 31, 1614.

The proposal for a second marriage between him and the lord
keeper's niece does not appear to have have had success.

Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

To the Lord KEEPER (</).

My honourable Lord,

I UNDERSTAND that Sir Lewis Tresham hath
a suit depending in the chancery before your lordship 3
and therefore out of my love and respect toward him,
I have thought fit to recommend him unto your fa-
vour so far only, as may stand with justice and equity,
which is all he desireth, having to encounter a strong
party. And because he is shortly to go into Spain
about some other business of his own, I farther desire
your lordship to give him what expedition you can,
that he may receive no prejudice by his journey.

Your Lordship's ever at command,

Indorsed May 6, 1616. G. BUCKINGHAM.

To the Lord KEEPER (6).
My honourable Lord,

I HAVE by reports, heard that, which doth much
grieve and trouble me, that your lordship hath,
through a pain in one of your legs, been forced to
keep your chamber. And being desirous to under-
stand the true estate of your health, which reports do
not always bring, I intreat your lordship to favour me
with a word or two from yourself, which, I hope,
will bring me the comfort I desire, who cannot but
be very sensible of whatsoever happeneth to your
lordship, as being

Your Lordship's most affectionate
to do you service,

G. BUCKINGHAM.

His majesty, God be thanked, is very well and
safely returned from his hunting journey.

From Edinburgh,
the 3d of June, 1617.

(a) Harl. MSS. Vol.7006. (fc) Ibid.

Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon. 149

To the Earl of BUCKINGHAM.

My very good Lord,

THIS day I have made even with the business of
the kingdom for common justice ; not one cause un-
heard ; the lawyers drawn dry of all the motions they
were to make ; not one petition unanswered. And
this, I think, could not be said in our age before.
This I speak not out of ostentation, but out of glad-
ness when I have done my duty. I know men think
I cannot continue, if I should thus oppress myself
with business: but that account is made. The duties
of life are more than life ; and, if I die now, I shall
die before the world will be weary of me, which in
our times is somewhat rare. And all this while I have
been a little imperfect in my foot. But I have taken
pains more like the beast with four legs, than like a
man with scarce two legs. But if it be a gout, which
I do neither acknowledge, nor much disclaim, it is a
good-natured gout ; for I have no rage of it, and it
goeth away quickly. I have hope it is but an acci-
dent of changing from a field-air (a) to a Thames-
air (b) ; or rather, I think, it is the distance of the
king and your lordship from me, that doth congeal
my humours and spirits.

When I had written this letter, I received your
lordship's letter of the third of this present, wherein
your lordship sheweth your solicitous care of my
health, which did wonderfully comfort me. And it is
true, that at this present I am very well, and my sup-
posed gout quite vanished.

I humbly pray you to commend my service, infinite
in desire, howsoever limited in ability, to his ma-
jesty, to hear of whose health and good disposition is

(a) Gray's Inn.

(b} Dorset-house, originally belonging to the bishops of Salisbury,
afterwards the house of Sir Richard Sackville, and then of his son Sir
Thomas, earl of Dorset, and Lord Treasurer,

1 50 Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

to me the greatest beatitude, which I can receive in
this world. And I humbly beseech his majesty to par-
don me, that I do not now send him my account of
council business, and other his royal commands, till
within these four days ; because the flood of business
of justice did hitherto wholly possess me ; which, I
know, worketh this effect, as it contenteth his sub-
jects, and knitteth their hearts more and more to his
majesty, though, I must confess, my mind is upon
other matters, as his majesty shall know, by the grace
of God, at his return. God ever bless and prosper
you.

Your Lordship's true and most

devoted friend and servant,

Whitehall, FR. BACON,

this 8th of June, 1617.

To the Lord KEEPER (#).

My honourable Lord,

YOUR lordship will understand, by Sir Thomas
Lake's letter, his majesty's directions touching the
surveyor's deputy of the court of wards. And though
I assure myself of your lordship's care of the business,
which his majesty maketh his own ; yet my respect
to Sir Robert Naunton (b) maketh me add my recom-
mendation thereof to your lordship, whom I desire
to give all the furtherance and assistance you can to
the business, that no prejudice or imputation may
light upon Sir Robert Nauntcn, through his zealous
affection to attend his majesty in this journey.

1 will not omit to let you know, that his majesty
is very well, and receiveth much contentment in his
journey. And with this conclusion, I rest

Your Lor ship's most affectionate
to do you service y

Edinburgh, G. BUCKINGHAM,

the llth of June, 1617.

(a) Harl. MSS. Vol. 7006. (b) Surveyor of the court of wards.

Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon. 151

To the Lord Viscount FENTON (a).

My very good Lord,

I THANK your lordship for your courteous letter :
and if I were asked the question, I would always
chuse rather to have a letter of no news, than a letter

of news -, for news imports alteration : but letters of
kindness and respect bring that, which, though it be
no news amongst friends, is more welcome.

I am exceediugly glad to hear, that this journey
of his majesty, which I never esteemed more than a
long progress, save that it had reason of state joined
with pleasure, doth sort to be so joyful and so com-
fortable.

For your parliament, God speed it well ; and for
ours, you know the sea would be calm, if it were not
for the winds ; and I hope the king, whensoever that
shall be, will find those winds reasonably well laid.

Now that the sun is got up a little higher, God or-
dains all things to the happiness of his majesty, and
his monarchy.

My health, I thank God, is good : and I hope this
supposed gout was but an incomer. I ever rest

Your Lordship's "affectionate

and assured friend^

Whitehall, June 18 [1617.]

FR. BACON.

To the Lord KEEPER, written from Scotland,
June 12 8, 1618 (6).

I WILL begin to speak of the business of this
day ; opus hujus diei in die suo* which is of the par-
liament. It began on the 7th of this month, and

(a) Sir Thomas Erskine, who for his service to the king, in the
attempt of the earl of Gowry, was, upon his majesty's accession to
the throne of England, made captain of his guard in the room of Sir
Walter Raleigh. He was afterwards created earl of

(b) From a copy in the Paper-office.

152 Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

ended this day, being the 28th of June. His ma-
jesty, as I perceived by relation, rode thither in great
state the first day. These eyes are witnesses, that he
rode in an honourable fashion, as I have seen him in
England, this day. All the lords rode in English
robes: not an English lord on horseback, though all
the parliament-house at his majesty's elbow, but my
lord of Buckingham, who waited upon the king's
stirrup in his collar, but not in his robes. His ma-
jesty the first day, by way of preparation to the sub-
ject of the parliament, made a declaratory speech,
wherein he expressed himself what he would not do,
but what he would do. The relation is too prolix for
a sheet of paper; and I am promised a copy of it,
which I will bring myself unto your lordship with all
the speed I may. But I may not be so reserved, as
not to tell your lordship, that in that speech his ma-
jesty was pleased to do England and Englishmen
much honour and grace ; and that he studied nothing
so much, sleeping and waking, as to reduce the bar-
barity, I have warrant to use the king's own word, of
this country unto the sweet civility of ours 5 adding
farther, that if the Scotish nation would be as docible
to learn the goodness of England, as they are teach-
able to limp after their ill, he might with facility pre-
vail in his desire : for they had learned of the English
to drink healths, to wear coaches and gay cloaths, to
take tobacco, and to speak neither Scotish nor Eng-
lish, Many such diseases of the times his majesty
\vas pleased to enumerate, not fit for my pen to re-
member, and graciously to recognize, how much he
tvas beholden to the English nation for their love and
conformity to his desires. The king did personally
and infallibly sit amongst them of the parliament
every day; so that there fell not a word amongst
them, but his majesty was of council with it.

The whole assembly, after the wonted manner, was
abstracted into eight bishops, eight lords, eight gen-
tlemen, knights of the shires, and eight lay burgesses
for towns. And this epitome of the whole parliament
did meet every day in one room to treat and debate of

Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon. 153

the great affairs of the kingdom. There was ex-
ception taken against some of the lower house, which
were returned by the country, being pointed at as
men averse in their appetites and humours to the bu-
siness of the parliament, who were deposed of their
attendance by the king's power; and others, better
affected, by the king's election, placed in their
room.

The greatest and weightiest articles, agitated in
this parliament, were specially touching the govern-
ment of the kirk and kirkmen, and for the abolishing
of hereditary sheriffs to an annual charge; and to
enable justices of the peace to have as well the reel
execution, as the title of their places. For now the
sheriff doth hold jura regalia in his circuit without
check or controlment ; and the justices of the peace
do want the staff of their authority. For the church
and commonwealth, his majesty doth strive to shape
the frame of this kingdom to the method and degrees
of the government of England, as by reading of the
several acts it may appear. The king's desire and
travail herein, though he did suffer a momentary oppo-
sition (for his countrymen will speak boldly to him,)
hath in part been profitable. For though he hath not
fully and complementally prevailed hi all things, yet
he hath won ground in most things, and hath gained
acts of parliament to authorize particular commis-
sioners, to set down orders for the church and church-
men, and to treat with sheriffs for their offices by way
of pecuniary composition. But all these proceedings
are to have an inseparable reference to his majesty.
If any prove unreasonably and unduti fully refractory,
his majesty hath declared himself, that he will proceed
against him by the warrant of the law, and by the
strength of his royal power.

His majesty's speech this day had a necessary con-
nexion with his former discourse. He was pleased
to declare what was done and determined in the pro-
gress of this parliament; his reasons for it; and that
nothing was gotten by shouldering or wrestling, but
by debate, judgment, and reason, without any inter-

151- Letter s> etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

position of his royal power in any thing. He com-
manded the lords in state of judicatute, to give life,
by a careful execution, unto the law, which otherwise
was but mortuum cadaver et bona per 'dura.

Thus much touching the legal part of my adver-
tisement unto you. I will give your lordship an ac-
count in two lines of the complement of the country,
time, and place.

The country affords more profit, and better con-
tentment, than I could ever promise myself, by my
reading of it.

The king was never more chearful in body and
mind, never so well pleased : and so are the English
of all conditions.

The entertainment very honourable, very general,
and very full : every day feasts and invitations. I
know not who paid for it. They strive, by direction,
to give us all fair contentment, that we may know,
that the country is not so contemptible, but that it is
worth the cherishing.

The lord provost of this town, who in English is
the mayor, did feast the king and all the lords this
week ; and another day all the gentlemen. And, I
confess, it was performed with state, with abundance,
and with a general content.

There is a general, and a bold expectation, that
Mr. John Murray shall be created a baron of this
country ; and some do chat, that my lord of Bucking-
ham's Mr. Wray shall be a groom of the bed-chamber
in his place.

There hath been yet no creation of lords, since his
majesty did touch Scotland : but of knights many, yet
not so many as we heard in England ; but it is thought
all the pensioners will be knights to-morrow. Neither
are there any more English lords sworn of the privy
council here, save my lord of Buckingham.

The earl of Southampton, Montgomery, and Hay,
are already gone for England.

I have made good profit of my journey hither ; for
J have gotten a transcript of the speech, which your
lordship did deliver at your first and happy sitting in

Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon. 155

chancery ; which I could not gain in England. It
hath been shewed to the king, and received due ap-
probation. The God of heaven, all-wise and all-
sufficient, guard and assist your lordship in all your
actions : for I can read here whatsoever your lordship
doth act there; and your courses be such, as you need
not to fear to give copies of them. But the king's
ears be wide and long, and he seeth with many eyes.
All this works for your honour and comfort; I pray
God nothing be soiled, heated, or cooled in the car-
riage. Envy sometimes attends virtues, and not for
good ; and these bore certain proprieties and circum-
stances inherent to your lordship's mind ; which men
may admire, I cannot express. But I will wade no
farther herein, lest I should seem eloquent. I have
been too saucy with your lordship, and held you too
long with my idleness. He that takes time from your
lordship, robs the public. God give your body health,
and your soul heaven.

My lord of Pembroke, my lord of Arundel, my lord
Zoueh, and Mr. Secretary Lake, were new sworn of
the council here.

To the Earl of BUCKINGHAM.
My very good Lord,

I HAVE sent inclosed a letter to his majesty con-
cerning the strangers 5 in which business I had for-
merly written to your lordship a joint letter with my
lord of Canterbury, and my lord Privy Seal (a), and
Air. Secretary Winwood.

I am, I thank God, much relieved with my being
in the country-air, and the order I keep ; so that of
late years I have not found my health better.

Your lordship writeth seldomer than you were wont ;
but when you are once gotten into England, you will
be more at leisure. God bless and prosper you.

Your Lords/lip's true and devoted

friend and servant,
Gorhambury, July 29, 1617.

FR. BACON.

(«) Edward earl of Worcester.

Letter sy etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

To the Lord KEEPER (#).
My honourable Lord,

I HAVE acquainted his majesty with your letter,
who in this business of Sir John Rennet's (6), hath
altogether followed your lordship's direction.

His majesty hath at length been pleased to dispatch
Mr. Lowder(6'), according to your lordship's desire,
for the place in Ireland. What the cause of the stay
was, I shall impart to your lordship, when I see you,
being now too long to relate.

His majesty hath not yet had leisure to read the little
book you sent me to present unto him ; but, as soon
as I see the fittest opportunity, I will offer it to, him
again.

His majesty, God be thanked, is very well ; and I
am exceeding glad to hear of your health, that you are
of so good term-proof, which is the best of it, being
you are in those 'businesses put most to the trial, which
I wish may long continue in that strength, that you
may still do his majesty and your country that good
service, whereof we hear so general approbation, that
it much rejoiceth me, who rest

Your Lordship's ever at commandy

Falkland, the 5th of July, 1617.

G. BUCKINGHAM.

(«) Harl. MSS. Vol. 700^.

(/>) Of Godstovv in Oxfordshire, who was sent to Brussels to the
archduke, to expostulate with him concerning a libel on the^'king,
imputed to Erycius Puteanus, and intitled, Isuaci Casauboni Corona
Rcgia.

(c) He had been solicitor to the queen ; but finding her dislike
of him, he was willing to part with his place for that of one of the
barons of the exchequer in Ireland; for which he was recom-
mended by the lord keeper to the earl of Buckingham, in a letter
dated at Whitehall, May 25, 1617.

Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon. 157

To the KING (<z).

May it please your most excellent Majesty,

I DO very much thank your majesty for your letter,
and think myself much honoured by it. For though
it contain some matter of dislike, in which respect it
hath grieved me more than any event, which hath
fallen out in my life ; yet because I know reprehen-
sions from the best masters to the best servants are
necessary; and that no chastisement is pleasant for
the time, but yet worketh good effects ; and for that
I find intermixed some passages of trust and grace ;
and find also in myself inwardly sincerity of intention,
and conformity of will, howsoever I may have erred ;
I do not a little comfort myself, resting upon your
majesty's accustomed favour ; and most humbly de-
siring, that any one of my particular notions may be
expounded by the constant and direct course, which,
your majesty knoweth, 1 have ever held in your
service.

And because it hath pleased your majesty, of your
singular grace and favour, to write fully and freely
unto me ; it is duty and decorum in jme not to write
shortly to your majesty again, but with some length ;
not so much by way of defence or answer, which
yet, I know, your majesty would always graciously
admit ; as to shew, that I have, as I ought, weighed
every word of your majesty's letter.

First, I do acknowledge, that this match of Sir
John Villiers is magnum in parvo in both senses, that
your majesty speakcth. But your majesty perceiveth
well, that 1 took it to be in a farther degree, majus in
parvo, in respect of your service. But since your ma-
jesty biddeth me to confide upon your act of empire,
I have done. For, as the Scripture saith, to God all

(«) This letter appears, from the indorsement of the king's answer
to^it, to have been written at Gorhambury, July 23, 1617. That
printed with this date in his Works, should be August 2, 1617, as I
find by the original draught of it.

158 Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

things are possible ; so certainly to wise kings much is
possible. But for that second sense, that your ma-
jesty speaketh of, magnum in parvo, in respect of the
stir ; albeit it being but a most lawful and ordinary
thing, I most humbly pray your majesty to pardon me,
if I signify to you, that we here take the loud and vocal,
and as 1 may call it, streperous carriage to have been
far more on the other side, which indeed is incon-
venient rather than the thing itself.

Now for the manner of my affection to my lord of
Buckingham, for whom I would spend my life, and
that which is to me more, the cares of my life ; I
must humbly confess, that it was in this a little parent-
like, this being no other term, than his lordship hath
heretofore vouchsafed to my counsels ; but in truth,
and it please your majesty, without any grain of dis-
esteem for his lordship's discretion. For I know him
to be naturally a wise man, of a sound and staid wit,
as I ever said unto your majesty. And again, I know
he hath the best tutor in Europe. But yet I was
afraid, that the height of his fortune might make him
too secure ; and as the proverb is, a looker-on some-
times seeth more than a gamester.

For the particular part of a true friend, which your
majesty witnesseth, that the earl hath lately per-
formed towards me, in palliating some errors of
mine ; it is no new thing with me to be more and
more bound to his lordship ; and I am most humbly
to thank, whatsoever it was, both your majesty and
him ; knowing well, that I may, and do commit
many errors, and must depend upon your majesty's
gracious countenance and favour for them, and shall
have need of such a friend near your majesty. For I
am not so ignorant of mine own case, but that I know
I am come in with as strong an envy of some par-
ticulars, as with the love of the general.

For my opposition to this business, which, it
seemeth, hath been informed your majesty, I think it
was meant, if it be not a thing merely feigned, and
without truth or ground, of one of these two things ;
for I will dissemble nothing with your majesty. It is

Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon. 159

true, that in those matters, which, by your majesty's
commandment and reference, came before the table
concerning Sir Edward Coke, I was sometimes sharp,
it may be too much ; but it was with end to have
your majesty's will performed ; or else, when me
thought he was more peremptory than became him,
in respect of the honour of the table. It is true also,
that I disliked the riot or violence, whereof we of
your council gave your majesty advertisement by our
joint letter : and I disliked it the more, because he
justified it to be law ; which was his old song. But in
that act of council, which was made thereupon, I did
not see but all my lords were as forward as myself, as
a thing most necessary for preservation of your peace,
which had been so carefully and firmly kept in your
absence. And all this had a fair end, in a reconcile-
ment made by Mr. Attorney (b), whereby both hus-
band and wife and child should have kept together.
Which, if it had continued, I am persuaded the match
had been in better and fairer forwardness, than now
it is.

Now for the times of things, I beseech your ma-
jesty to understand that which my lord of Buckingham
will witness with me, that I never had any word
of letter from his lordship of the business, till I wrote
my letter of advice ; nor again, after my letter of
advice, till five weeks after, which was now within
this sennight. So that although I did in truth pre-
sume, that the earl would do nothing without your
majesty's privity ; yet I was in some doubt, by this
his silence of his own mind, that he was not earnest
in it, but only was content to embrace the officious
offers and endeavours of others.

But, to conclude this point, after I had received, by
a former letter of his lordship, knowledge of his
mind, I think Sir Edward Coke himself, the last time
he was before the lords, might particularly perceive
an alteration in my carriage. And now that your
majesty hath been pleased to open yourself to me, I

(1} Sir Henry Yelverton.

16O Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

shall be willing to further the match by any thing,
that shall be desired of me, or that is in my power.

And whereas your majesty conceiveth some dregs
of spleen in me by the word Mr. Bacon ; truly it was
but to express in thankfulness the comparative of my
fortune unto your majesty, the author of the latter, to
shew how little I needed to fear, while I had your
favour. For, I thank God, I was never vindictive
nor implacable.

As for my opinion of prejudice to your majesty's
service, as I touched it before, I have done ; I do
humbly'acquiesce in your majesty's satisfaction, and
rely upon your majesty's judgment, who unto judg-
ment have also power, so to mingle the elements, as
many conserve the fabric.

For the interest, which I have in the mother, I do
not doubt but it was increased by this, that I in judg-
ment, as I then stood, affected that which she did in
passion. But I think the chief obligation was, that
I stood so firmly to her in the matter of her assurance,
wherein I supposed I did your majesty service, and
mentioned it in a memorial of council-business, as
half craving thanks for it. And sure I am now, that,
and the like} hath made Sir Edward Coke a convert,
as I did write to your majesty in my last.

For the collation of the two spirits, I shall easily
subscribe to your majesty's answer; for Solomon
were no true man, if in matter of malice the wo-
man should not be the superior.

To conclude, I have gone through, with the plain-
ness of* truth, the parts of your majesty's letter: very
humbly craving pardon for troubling your majesty so
long; and most humbly praying your majesty to con-
tinue me in your grace and favour, which is the fruit
of my life upon the root of a good conscience. And
although time in this business have cast me upon a
particular, which, I confess, may have probable shew
of passion or interest; yet God is my witness, that
the thing, that most moved me, was an anxious
and solicitous care of your majesty's state and ser-

Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Eacon. 161

vice, out of consideration of the time past and pre-
sent.

God ever preserve and bless your majesty, and send
you a joyful return after your prosperous journey.

The KING to the LORD KEEPER, in answer to
his Lordship's letter from Gorhambury, of
July 25, 1617.

JAMES JR.

RIGHT trusty and well beloved counsellor, we
greet you well.

Although our approach doth now begin to be near
London, and that there doth not appear any great
necessity of answering your last letter, since we are so
shortly to be at home ; yet we have thought good to
make some observations to you upon the same, that
you may not err, by mistaking our meaning.

The first observation we are to make is, that,
whereas you would invert the second sense, wherein
we took your magnum in parvo, in accounting it to be
made magnum by their streperous carriage, that were
for the match, we cannot but shew you your mis-
taking therein. For every wrong must be judged by
the first violent and wrongous ground, whereupon it
proceeds. And was not the thefteous stealing away
of the daughter from her own father (a) the first
ground, whereupon all this great noise hath since
proceeded ? For the ground of her getting again
catne upon a lawful and ordinary warrant, sub-

(«) Lady Hatton had first removed her daughter to Sir Edmund
Withipole's house, near Oatlands, without the knowledge of Sir
Edward Coke; and from thence, according to a letter of Mr. Cham-
berlain, dated July 19, 1617, the young lady was privately conveyed
to a house of the" lord of Argyle's by Hampton-Court. " Whence,"
adds Mr. Chamberlain, " her father, with a warrant from Mr. Secre-
" iary [Winwood] fetched her : but indeed went farther than hi>
( warrrunt, and brake open divers doors before he got her."

VOL. VI. M

J62 Letter sy etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

scribed- by one of our council (b}9 for redress of the
foriper violence : and except the father of a child
might be proved to be either lunatic, or idiot, we
never read in any law, that either it could be lawful
for any creature to steal his child from him ; or
that it was a matter of noise and streperous carriage
for him to hunt for the recovery of his child again.

Our next observation is, that whereas you protest
your affection to Buckingham, and thereafter confess,
that it is in some sort parent-like ; yet, after that you
have praised his natural parts, we will not say, that you
throw all down by a direct imputation upon him;
but we are sure you do not deny to have had a greater
jealousy of his discretion, than, so far as we conceive,
he ever deserved at your or any man's hands. For you
say, that you were afraid, that the height of his fortune
might make him too secure; and so, as a looker-on,
you might sometime see more than a gamester. Now
we know not how to interpret this in plain English
otherwise, than that you were afraid, that the height
of his fortune might make him misknow himself.
And surely if that be your parent-like affection to-
ward him, he hath no obligation to you for it. And,
for our part, besides our own proof, that we find him
farthest from that vice of any courtier, that ever we

(b) Secretary Winwood, who, as Mr. Chamberlain observes
in the letter cited in the note above, was treated with ill language
at the council-board by the lord keeper, and threatened with a pne-
munire, on account of his warrant granted to Sir Edward Coke. His
lordship, at the same time, told the lady Compton, mother of the
earl of Buckingham, that they wished well to her and her sons, and
would be ready to serve the earl with all true affection ; whereas
others did it out of faction and ambition. Which words glancing
directly at secretary Winwood, he alleged, that what he had done
was by the direction of the queen and the other, parties, and
shewed a letter of approbation of all his courses from the king,
making the whole table judge what faction or ambition appeared in
his carriage: to which no answer was returned. The queen, some
time after, taking notice of the disgust, which the lord keeper had
conceived against secretary Winwood, and asking his lordship,
\vhat occasion the secretary had given him to oppose himself so
violently against him, his lordship, answered, " Madam, I can say
" no more but he is proud, and I am proud." MS. letter of Mr.
Chamberlain, October 11, 1617.

Letter s> etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon. 163

had so near about us; so do we fear, that you shall
prove the only phenix in that jealousy of all the
kingdom. For we would be very sorry, that the
world should apprehend that conceit of him. But
we cannot conceal, that we think it was least your
part of any to enter into that jealousy of him, of
whom we have heard you oft speak in a contrary
style. And as for that error of yours, which he
lately palliated, whereof you seem to pretend igno-
rance; the time is so short since you commended to
him one (c) to be of the barons of our exchequer in Ire-
land, as we cannot think you to be so short of memory,
as to have forgotten how far you undertook in that
business, before acquainting us with it; what a long
journey you made the poor man undertake, together
with the slight recommendation you sent of him ;
which drave us to those straits, that both the poor
man had been undone, and your credit a little
blasted, if Buckingham had not, by his importunity,
made us both grant you more than suit, for you had
already acted a part of it, and likewise run a hazard of
the hindrance of your own service, by preferring a
person to so important a place, whom you so slightly
recommended. >

Our third observation is upon the point of your
opposition to this business, wherein you either do, or
at least would seem to, mistake us a little. For first,
whereas you excuse yourself of the oppositions you
made against Sir Edward Coke at the council-table,
both for that, and other causes; we never took upon
us such a patrociny of Sir Edward Coke, as if he
were a man not to be meddled withal in any case.
For whatsoever you did against him, by our em-
ployment and commendation, we ever allowed it,
and still do, for good service on your part. De bom's
operibus non lapidamus vos. But whereas you talk of
the riot and violence committed by him, we wonder
you make no mention of the riot and violence of them,

(r) Mr. Lowcler. See the letter of the earl of Buckingham of
the 5th of July.

M 2

Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

that stole away his daughter, which was the first ground
of all that noise, as we said before. For a man may
be compelled by manifest wrong beyond his patience ;
and the first breach of that quietness, which hath ever
been kept since the beginning of our journey, was
made by them that committed the theft. And for
your laying the burden of your opposition upon the
council, we meddle not with that question ; but the
opposition, which we justly find fault with you, was
the refusal to sign a warrant for the father to the re-
covery of his child, clad with those circumstances, as
is reported, of your slight carriage to Buckingham's
mother, when she repaired to you upon so reasonable
an errand. What farther opposition you made in that
business, we leave it to the due trial in the own time.
But whereas you would distinguish of times, pretend-
ing ignorance either of our meaning or his, when you
made your opposition ; that would have served for a
reasonable excuse not to have furthered such a busi-
ness, till you had been first employed in it : but that
can serve for no excuse of crossing any thing, that so
nearly concerned one, whom you profess such friend-
ship unto. We will not speak of obligation ^ for
surely we think, even in good manners, you had reason
not to have crossed any thing, 'wherein you had heard
his name used, till you had heard from him. For if
you had willingly given your consent and hand to the
recovery of the young gentlewoman; and then written
both to us and to him what inconvenience appeared
to you to be in such a match ; that had been the part
indeed of a true servant to us, and a true friend to
him. But first to make an opposition ; and then to
give advice by way of friendship, is to make the plow
go before the horse.

Thus leaving all the particulars of your carriage, in
this business, to the own proper time, which is ever the
discoverer of truth, we commend you to God. Given
under our signet at Nantwich, in the fifteenth year of
our reign of Great Britain, &c.

Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon. 165

To the Lord Keeper BACON (#).
My Lord,,

IF your man had been addressed only to me, I
should have been caretul to have procured him a
more speedy dispatch : but now you have found ano-
ther way of address, I am excused ; and since you are
grown weary of employing me, I can be no otherwise
in being employed. In this business of my brother's,
that you overtrouble yourself with, I understand from
London by some of my friends, that you have carried
yourself with much scorn and neglect both toward
myself and friends; which, if it prove true, I blame
not you, but myself, who was ever

Your Lordship's assured friend,
[July, 1617.] G. BUCKINGHAM.

To the Lord KEEPER.
My Lord,

I HAVE received your lordship's letter by your
man; but having so lately imparted my mind to you
in my former letters, I refer your lordship to those
letters, without making a needless repetition, and
rest

Your Lordship's at command,

A shton, the 25th of Aug. 1617. G. BUCKINGHAM.

To my honourable lord, Sir Fra?icis Bacon, knight, lord
keeper of the great seal of England.

Sir HENRY YELVERTON, Attorney General, to
the Lord Keeper BACON.

My most worthy and honourable Lord,
I DARE not think my journey lost, because I
have with joy seen the face of my master, the king,
though more clouded towards me than I looked for.

(a) From the collections of Robert Stephens, Esq. deceased.

166 Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

Sir Edward Coke bath not forborne, by any engine,
to heave at your honour, and at myself; and he works
by the weightiest instrument, the earl of Buckingham,
who, as I see, sets him as close to him as his shirt, the
earl speaking in Sir Edward's praise, and, as it wer<%
menacing in his spirit.

My lord, I emboldened myself to essay the temper
of my lord of Buckingham to myself, and found it
very fervent, misled by information, which yet I find
he embraced as. truth, and did nobly and plainly tell
me, he would not secretly bite; but whosoever had
any interest, or tasted of the opposition to his brother's
marriage, he would as openly oppose them to their
faces, and they should discern what favour he had, by
the power he would use.

In the passage between him and me, I stood with
much confidence upon these grounds.

First, that neither your lordship, nor myself had any
way opposed, but many ways had furthered, the fair
passage to the marriage.

Secondly, that we only wished the manner of Sir
Edward's proceedings to have been more temperate,
and more nearly resembling the earl's sweet dispo-
sition.

Thirdly, that the chiefest check in this business was
Sir Edward himself, who listened to no advice, who
was so transported with passion, as he purposely de-
clined the even way, which your lordship and the rest
of the lords left both him, his lady, and his daughter,
in.

Fourthly, I was bold to stand upon my ground ;
and so I said I knew your lordship would, that these
were slanders, which were brought him of us both,
and that it stood not with his honour to give credit to
them.

After I had passed these straits with the earl, leaving
him leaning still to the first relation of envious and
odious adversaries, I adventured to approach his ma-
jesty, who graciously gave me his hand to kiss, but
intermixed withal that I deserved not that favour, if
three or four things were true, which he had to object

Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon. 167

against me. I was bold to crave his princely justice;
first, to hear, then to judge ; which he graciously
granted, and said, he wished I could clear myself. I
answered I would not appeal to his mercy in any of
the points, but would endure the severest censure, if
any of them were true. Whereupon he said, he would
reserve his judgment till he heard me ; which could
not be then, his other occasions pressed him so much.
All this was in the hearing of the earl ; and I protest,
I think the confidence in my innocency made me
depart half justified ; for I likewise kissed his majesty's
hand at his departure ; and though out of his grace he
commanded my attendance to Warwick, yet upon my
suit he easily inclined to give me the choice, to wait on
him at Windsor, or at London.

Now, my lord, give me leave, out of all my affec-
tions, that shall ever serve you, to' intimate touching
yourself:

1. That every courtier is acquainted, that the earl
professeth openly against you, as forgetful of his kind-
ness, and unfaithful to him in your love, and in your
actions.

2. That he returneth the shame upon himself, in not
listening to counsel, that dissuaded his affection from
you, and not to mount you so high, not forbearing in
open speech, as divers have told me, and this bearer,
your gentleman, hath heard also, to tax you, as if it
were an inveterate custom with you, to be unfaithful
to him, as you were to the earls of Essex and Somerset.

3. That it is too common in every man's mouth in
court, that your greatness shall be abated ; and as
'your tongue hath been as a razor to some, so shall
theirs be to you.

4. That there are laid up for you, to make your
burden the more grievous, many petitions to his
majesty against you.

My lord, Sir Edward Coke, as if he were alreadr
upon his wings, triumphs exceedingly ; hath much
private conference with his majesty ; and in public
doth offer himself, and thrust upon the king, with as
great boldness of speech, as heretofore,

163 Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor, Bacon.

It is thought, and much feared, that at Woodstock
he will again be recalled to the cotincil-table ; for
neither are the earl's ears, nor his thoughts, ever off
him.

Sir Edward Coke, with much audacity, affirmeth
his daughter to be most deeply in love with Sir John
Villiers ; that the contract pretended with the earl of
Oxford is counterfeit : and the letter also, that is pre-
tended to have come from the earl.

My noble lorjd, if I were worthy, being the meanest
of all to interpose my weakness, I would humbly de-
sire,

1. That your lordship fail not to be with his majesty
at Woodstock. The sight of you will fright some.

2. That you single not yourself from other lords ;
but justify the proceedings as allyour joint acts ; and 1
little fear but you pass conqueror.

3. That you retort the clamour and noise in this bu-
siness upon Sir Edward Coke, by the violence of his
carriage.

4. That you seem not dismayed, but open yourself
bravely and confidently, wherein you can excel all
subjects ; by which means I know you shall amaze
some, and daunt others.

I have abused your lordship's patience long; but
my duty and affection towards your lordship shall
.have no end : but I will still wish your honour
greater, and rest myself

Your Honour's servant,

Daventry, Sept. 3, 1617. HENRY YELVERTON.

I beseech your lordship burn this letter.

To the right honourable his singular good lordship, the
lord keeper of the great seal.

Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon. 169

To the Lord KEEPER.
My Lord,

I HAVE received so many letters lately from your
lordship, that I cannot answer them severally: but
the ground of them all being only this, that your
lordship feareth I am so incensed against you, that I
will hearken to every information that is made unto
me ; this one letter may well make answer unto them
all. As his majesty is not apt to give ear to any idle
report against men of your place; so, for myself, I will
answer, that it is far from my disposition to take any
advantage in that kind. And for your lordship's un-
kind dealing with me in this matter oT my brother's,
time will try all. His majesty hath given me com-
mandment to make this answer in his name to your
letter to him, that he needeth not to make any other
answer to you, than that which in that letter you
make to yourself, that you know his majesty to be so
judicious, that whatsoever he heareth, he will keep
one ear open to you. Which being indeed his own
princely disposition, you may be assured of his gra-
cious favour in that kind.

I will not trouble your lordship with any longer dis-
course at this time, being to meet you so shortly,
where will be better trial of all that hath passed, than
can be made by letters. So I rest

Your Lordship's at command,

Warwick, Sept. 5, [1617.] G. BUCKINGHAM.

To the right honourable Sir Francis Bacon, knight, lord
keeper of the great seal of England.

Advice to the KING, for reviving the commission
of suits.

THAT, which for the present I would have spoken
with his majesty about, as a matter wherein time may
be precious, being upon the tenderest point of all

1 7O Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

others. For though the particular occasion may be
despised, and yet nothing ought to be despised in
this kind, yet the counsel thereupon I conceive to be
most sound and necessary, to avoid future perils.

There is an examination taken within these few
days, by Air. Attorney, concerning one Baynton, or
Baynham, for his name is not yet certain, attested by
two witnesses, that the said Baynton, without any
apparent shew of being overcome with drink, other-
wise than so as might make him less wary to keep se-
crets, said, that he had been lately with the king, to
petition him for reward of service ; which was de-
nied him. Whereupon it was twice in his mind to
have killed his majesty. The man is not yet appre-
hended, and said by some to be mad, or half mad ;
which, in my opinion, is not less dangerous; for such
men commonly do most mischief; and the manner of
his speaking imported no distraction. But the coun-
sel I would out of my care, ground hereupon, is, that
his majesty would revive the commission for suits,
which hath been now for these three years or more
laid down. For it may prevent any the like wicked
cogitations, which the devil may put into the mind
of a roarer or swaggerer, upon a denial: and besides,
it will free his majesty from much importunity, and
save his coffers also. For I am sure when I was a
commissioner, in three whole years space there passed
scarce ten suits that were allowed. And I doubt now,
upon his majesty's coming home from this journey,
he will be much troubled with petitions and suits;
which maketh me think this remedy more seasonable.
It is not meant, that suits generally should pass that
way, but only such suits as his majesty would be rid

on.

Indorsed,

September 21, 1617.
To revive the commission of suits. For the King.

Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon. 171

The Earl of BUCKINGHAM to the Lord Keeper,
Sir FRANCIS BACON (#).

My Lord,

I HAVE made his majesty acquainted with your
note concerning that wicked fellow's speeches, which
his majesty conternneth, as is usual to his great spirit
in these cases. But, notwithstanding, his majesty is
pleased, that it shall be exactly tried, whether this
foul-mouthed fellow was taken either with drunken-
ness or madness, when he spake it. And as for your
lordship's advice for setting up again the commission-
ers for suits, his majesty saith, there will be time
enough for thinking upon that, at his coming to
Hampton Court.

But his majesty's direction, in answer of your let-
ter hath given me occasion to join hereunto a disco-
very upon the discourse you had with me this day (/>}.
For 1 do freely confess, that your offer of submission
unto me, and in writing, if so I would have it, bat-
tered so the unkindness, that I had conceived in my
heart for your behaviour towards me in my absence, as
out of the sparks of my old affection towards you, I
went to sound his majesty's intention towards you,
specially in any public meeting; where I found, on
the one part, his majesty so little satisfied with your
late answer unto him, which he counted, for I protest
I use his own terms, confused and childish, and his ri-
gorous resolution, on the other part, so fixed, that he
would put some public exemplary mark upon you ; as
I protest the sight of his deep-conceived indignation
quenched my passion, making me upon the instant
change from the person of a party, into a peace-maker;
so as 1 was forced upon my knees to beg of his majesty,

(a) This seems to be the letter to which the lord keeper returned
an answer., September 22, 1617, printed in his works.

(b] At Windsor, according to Sir Antony Weldon, who may per-
haps be believed in such a circumstance as this. Sec Court and Cha-
racter of King James L p. 122f

172 Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

that he would put no public act of disgrace upon you.
And as, I dare say, no other person would have been
patiently heard in this suit by his majesty but myself;
so did I, though not without difficulty, obtain thus
much, that he would not so far disable you from the
merit of your future service, as to put any particular
mark of disgrace upon your person. Only thus far his
majesty protesteth, that upon the conscience of his
office he cannot omit, though laying aside all passion,
to give a kindly reprimand, at his first sitting in coun-
cil, to so many of his counsellors as were then here
behindhand were actors in this business, for their ill
behaviour in it. Some of the particular errors com-
mitted in this business he will name, but without ac-
cusing any particular persons by name.

Thus your lordship seeth the fruits of my natural in-
clination. I protest, all this time past it was no
small grief unto me to hear the mouth of so many,
upon this occasion, open to load you with innume-
rable malicious and detracting speeches, as if no music
were more pleasing to my ear, than to rail of you ;
which made me rather regret the ill nature of man-
kind, that, like dogs, love to set upon them that they
see snatched at.

And, to conclude, rny lord, you have hereby a fair
occasion so to make good hereafter your reputation,
by your sincere service to his majesty, as also by your
firm and constant kindness to your friends, as I may,
your lordship's old friend, participate of the comfort
and honour that will thereby come to you. Thus I
rest at last,

Your Lordship's faithful friend and servant ',

G. B.

The force of your old kindness hath made me set
down this in writing unto you, which some, that
have deserved ill of me in this action, would be glad
to obtain by word of mouth, though they be far
enough from it, for aught I yet see. But I beseech
your lordship to reserve this secretly to yourself only,

Letters etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon. 173

till our meeting at Hampton Court, lest his majesty
should be highly offended, for a cause that I know.

Indorsed,

A letter of reconciliation from lord Buckingham,
after his majesty's return from Scotland.

To the Earl of BUCKINGHAM.
My very good Lord,

IT may please your lordship to let his majesty under-
stand, that I have spoken with all the judges, signifying
to them his majesty's pleasure touching the commen-
dams. They all una voce did re-affirm, that his ma-
jesty's powers, neither the power of the crown, nor
the practised power by the archbishop, as well in the
commendam ad recipiendum, as the commendam ad
retinendum, are intended to be touched ; but that the
judgment is buiit upon the particular defects and in-
formalities of this commendam now before them.
They received with much comfort, that his majesty
took so well at their hands the former stay, and
were very well content and desirous, that when judg-
ment is given, there be a faithful report made cf the
reason thereof.

The accounts of the summer-circuits, as well as that
of the lent-circuit, shall be ready against his majesty'*
coming. They will also be ready with some account
of their labours concerning Sir Edward Coke's Reports:
wherein I told them his majesty's meaning was, not
to disgrace the person, but to rectify the work, having
in his royal contemplation rather posterity than the
present.

The two points touching the peace of the middle
shires, I have put to a consult with some selected
judges.

The cause of the Egertons I have put off, and shall
presently enter into the treaty of accord, according to
his majesty's commandment, which is well tasted abroad
in respect of his compassion towards those ancient fa-
milies.

174 Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacojt.

God ever preserve and prosper your lordship, ac-
cording to the faithful and fervent wishes of

Your Lordship's true friend and devoted servant,
York-house, October 11, 1617. FR. BACON.

To the Earl of BUCKINGHAM.

My very good Lord,

I HAVE reformed the ordinance according to his
majesty's corrections, which were very material. And
for the first of phrasis non placet, I understand his ma-
jesty, nay farther, I understand myself, the better for
it. I send your lordship therefore six privy seals; for
every court will look to have their several warrant. I
send also two bills for letters patents to the two re-
porters : and for the persons, I send also four names,
with my commendations of those two, for which I
will answer upon my knowledge. The names must
be filled in the blanks : and so they are to be re-
turned.

For the business of the court of wards, your lord-
ship's letter found me in the care of it. Therefore, ac-
cording to his majesty's commandment, by you signi-
fied, I have sent a letter for his majesty's signature. And
the directions themselves are also to be signed. These
are not to be returned to me, lest the secret come out;
but to be sent to my lord of Wallingford, as the packets
use to be sent.

I do much rejoice to hear of his majesty's health and
good disposition. For me, though I am incessantly in
business, yet the reintegration of your love maketh me
find all things easy.

God preserve and prosper you.

Your Lordship's true friend and devoted servant,
York-house, October 18, 1617. FR. BACON.

Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon. ' 175

To the Lord KEEPER (a}.

My honourable Lord,

I HAVE delivered the judges advice, touching the
middle shires, unto his majesty, who liketh it very well.
As for the point of law, his majesty will consider of it
at more leisure, and then send you his opinion thereof.
And so I rest

Your Lordship's faithful friend and servant,

G. BUCKINGHAM.

Hinchingbroke, the 22d of Oct. 1617.

To the Lord KEEPER (6).

My honourable Lord,

HIS majesty hath spent some time with Sir Lionel
Cranfield about his own business, wherewith he ac-
quainted his majesty. He hath had some conference
with your lordship, upon whose report to his majesty
of your zeal and care of his service, which his ma-
jesty accepteth very well at your hands, he hath com-
manded Sir L. Cranfield to attend your Lordship, to
signify his farther pleasure for the furtherance of his
service ; unto whose relation I refer you. His ma-
jesty's farther pleasure is, you acquaint no creature
living with it, he having resolved to rely upon your
care and trust only.

Thus wishing you all happiness, I rest

Your lordship's faithful friend and servant,

October 26, 1617. G. BUCKINGHAM.

Harl. MSS. Vol. 7006. (b] Ibid.

176 Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

Sir FRANCIS ENGLEFYLD (a) to the Lord

KEEPER.
Right Honourable,

GIVE me leave, I beseech your lordship, for want
of other means, by this paper to let your lordship
understand, that notwithstanding I rest in no con-
tempt, nor have to my knowledge broken any order
made by your lordship concerning the trust, either
for the payment of money, or assignment of land ;
yet, by reason of my close imprisonment, and the un-
usual carriage of this cause against me, I can get no
council, who will in open court deliver my case unto
your lordship. I must therefore humbly leave unto
your lordship's wisdom, how far your lordship will,
upon my adversary's fraudulent bill exhibited by the
wife without her husband's privity, extend the most
powerful arm of your authority against me, who de-
sire nothing but the honest performance of a trust,
which I know not how to leave, if I would. So,
nothing doubting but your lordship will do what ap-
pertaineth to justice, and the eminent place of equity
your lordship holdeth, I must, since I cannot under-
stand from your lordship the cause of my late close re-
straint, rest, during your lordship's pleasure,

Your Lordship's close prisoner in the Fleet,

October 28, 1617, FR. ENGLEFYLD.

(«) This gentleman was very unfortunate in his behaviour, with
regard to those, who had the great seal ; for in Hilary term of the
year 162|, he was fined 30001. by the Star-Chamber, for casting an
imputation of bribery on the lord keeper Williams, bishop of Lincoln.
MS. Letter of Mr. Chamberlain to Sir Dudley Carleton, dated at
London, 162|. Sir Francis had been committed to the Fleet for a
contempt of a decree in Chancery ; upon which he was charged, by
Sir John Bennet, with having said before sufficient witness, " that
" he could prove this holy bishop judge had been bribed by some,
" that fared well in their causes." A few days after the sentence in
the Star-Chamber, the lord keeper sent for Sir Francis, and told him,
he would refute his foul aspersions, and prove upon him, that he
scorned the pelf of the world, or to exact, or make lucre of any man :
and that for his own part, he forgave him every penny of his fine, and
•would crave the same mercy towards him from the king. Bishop
Racket's Life of Archbishop Williams, Part I. p, 83, 84.

Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon. 177

To the Lord KEEPER (a).

My honourable Lord)

I HAV$ thought good to renew my motion to
your lordship, in the behalf of my lord of Hunting-
don, my lord Stanhope, and Sir Thomas Gerard ; for
that I am more particularly acquainted with their
desires ; they only seeking the true advancement of the
charitable uses, unto which the land, given by their
grandfather, was intended; which, as 1 am informed,
•was meant by way of a corporation, and by this means,
that it might be settled upon the schoolmaster, usher,
and poor, and the coheirs to be visitors. The tenants
might be conscionably dealt withal; and so it will be
out of the power of any feoffees to abuse the trust ;
which, it hath been lately proved, have been hitherto
the hindrance of this good work. These coheirs de-
sire only the honour of their ancestor's gift, and wish
the money, misemployed and ordered to be paid into
court by Sir John Harper, may rather be bestowed by
your lordship's discretion for the augmentation of the -
foundation of their ancestors, than by the censure
of any other. And so I rest

Your Lordship's servant,

Theobalds, November 12. G. BUCKINGHAM*

Indorsed, 1617.

To the Lord KEEPER (V)..

My honourable Lord,

THOUGH I had resolved to give your lordship no
more trouble in matters of controversy depending be-
fore you, with what importance soever my letters
had been ; yet the respect I bear unto this gentle-
man hath so far forced my resolution, as to recom-
mend unto your lordship the suit, which, I am in-

(«) Harl. MSS. Vol. 7006. (fc) Ibid.

VOL. VI. N

47* Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon;

formed by him, is to receive a bearing before you on
Monday next, between Barnaby Leigh and Sir Ed-
ward Dyer, plaintiffs, and Sir Thomas Thynne (c)9
defendant ; wherein I desire your Lordship's favour
on the plaintiffs so far only as the justice of their
cause shall require. And so I rest

Your Lordship's fall/if ul servant,

Newmarket, the 15th of Nov. G. BUCKINGHAM.

Indorsed, 1617.

To the Lord KEEPER (d).

V

My honourable Lord,

THE certificate being returned upon the com-*
mission touching Sir Richard Haughton's alum-mines,
I have thought fit to desire your lordship's furtherance
in the business, which his majesty, as your lordship
will see by his letter, much affecteth as a bargain for
his advantage, and for the present relief of Sir Richard
Haughton. What favour your lordship shall do him
therein, I will not fail to acknowledge, and will
ever rest

Your Lordship' s faithful servant,

G. BUCKINGHAM.

Indorsed,

Received November 16th, 1617.

(c) Eldest son of Sir John Thynne, knight, who died Novem-
ber 21, 1604. This Sir Thomas's younger son by his first wife,
Mary, daughter of George, lord Audley, was father of Thomas
Thynne, Esq. assassinated by the followers of Count Coningsmark,
Tebruary 12, 1682-3.

(d)Harl.MSS. Vol.7006.

Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

To the Lord KEEPER (a).

My honourable Lord)

I HAVE acquainted his majesty with your lord-
ship's letter, who liketh well of the judges opinion
you sent unto him, and hath pricked the sheriff of
Buckinghamshire in the roll you sent, which I return
signed unto your lordship.

His majesty takes very well the pains you have
taken in sending to Sir Lionel Cranfield ; and desireth
you to send to him again, and to quicken him in the
business.

Your Lordship' }s faithful friend and servant,

G. BUCKINGHAM.

His majesty liketh well the course taken about his
houshold, wherewith he would have your lordship,
and the rest of his council, to go forward.

Newmarket, the 17th of November, 1617.
Indorsed,

My lord of Buckingham shewing his majesty's appro-
bation of the courses held touching the houshold.

To the Lord KEEPER. (/;).

My honourable Lord,

UNDERSTANDING, that Thomas Hukeley, a
merchant of London, of whom I have heard a good
report, intendeth to bring before your lordship in
chancery a cause depending between him, in right of
his wife, daughter of William Austen, and one John
Horsmendon, who married another daughter of the
said Austen -, I have thought fit to desire your lord-
ship to give the said Thomas Hukeley a favourable

(«) Harl. MSS. Vol. 7006. (b) Ibid.

N 2

Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

hearing when his cause shall come before you ; and
so far to respect him for my sake, as your lordship
shall see him grounded upon equity and reason;
which is no more than, I assure myself, your lordship
•will grant readily, as it is desired by

Your Lordship's faithful friend and servant,
Indorsed, November 17, 1617. G. BUCKINGHAM.

To the Earl of BUCKINGHAM (a).
My very good Lord,

THE last letter of my lords, whereof the conclusion
indeed is a little blunt, as the king calleth it, was con-
cluded in my absence, which hath been but once since
I came to this town ; and brought me by the clerk of
the -council, as I sat in chancery. Whereupon I re-
tired to a little closet I have there, and signed it, not
thinking fit to sever.

For my opinion, I dispatched it the morrow fol-
lowing. And till Sir Lionel Cranfield (b) be able to
execute his part in the sub-commission, it will, in my
opinion, not be so fit to direct it. He crept to me yester-
night, but he is not well. I did his majesty's message
to him touching the tobacco ; and he said he would
give his majesty very real and solid satisfaction
touching the same.

This is all for the present I shall trouble your lord-
ship withal, resting ever

Your Lordship's true friend and devoted servant,
November 20, 1617. FR. BACON.

(a) In answer to his lordship's letter from Newmarket, November
19, 1617, printed in lord Bacon's works.

(/>) He was originally a merchant in the city of London, intro-
duced to the king's knowledge by the earl of Northampton, and in-
to his service by the earl of Buckingham, being the great projector
for reforming the king's houshold, advancing the customs, and other
services ; for which he was made lord Treasurer, baron Cranfield,
and earl of Middlesex; but being accused by the House of Com-
mons for misdemeanors in his office, he had a severe sentence passed
upon him by the lords, in 1 G'24%

Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon. 181

To the Lord KEEPER (a].

My honourable Lord,

HIS majesty liketh very well of the draught your
lordship sent of the letter for the sub-commission,
and hath signed it, as it was, without any alteration,
and sent it to the lords. Which is all I have to
write at this time, but that I ever rest

Your Lordship's faithful friend and servant,
Newmarket, the 2d of Decemb. 1617. G. BUCKINGHAM.

To the Lord KEEPER (6).

My honourable Lord,

HIS majesty hath been pleased to refer a petition
of one Sir Thomas Blackstones, to your lordship, who
being brother-in-law to a gentleman, whom I much
respect, Sir Henry Constable, I have, at his request,
yielded to recommend his business so far to your lord-
ship's favour, as you shall find his case to deserve com-
passion, and may stand with the rules of equity. And
so I rest

Your Lordship's faithful friend and servant,

Newmarket, the 4th of December. G. BUCKINGHAM.

Indorsed, 16 17.

To the Earl of BUCKINGHAM.

My very good Lord,

YOUR lordship may marvel, that together with
the letter from the board, which you see passed so
well, there came no particular letter from myself;
wherein, though it be true, that now this very evening

(a) Had. MSS. Vol. 7006, (6) Ibid.

182 Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

I have made even with the causes of chancery, and
comparing with the causes heard by lord (a), that dead
is, of Michaelmas-term was twelve-month, I find
them to be double so many and one more ; besides
that the causes that I dispatch do seldom turn upon
me again, as his many times did ; yet nevertheless I
do assure your lordship, that should have been no ex-
cuse to me, who shall ever assign both to the causes
of the subject, yea, and to my health, but the leavings
of times after his majesty's business done. But the
truth is, I could not speak with Sir Lionel Cranfield,
with whom of necessity I was to confer about the
names, till this afternoon.

First, therefore, I send the names, by his advice,
and with mine own good allowance of those, which
\ve wish his majesty should select; wherein I have
had respect somewhat to form, more to the avoiding
of opposition, but most to the service.

To most important effects his majesty's letter hath
wrought already : the one, that we perceive his ma-
jesty will go through stitch ; which goeth to the root of
our disease. The other, that it awaketh the particu-
lar officers, and will make their own endeavours and
propositions less perfunctory, and more solid and true
for trfe future. Somewhat is to be done presently,
and somewhat by seasonable degrees. For the pre-
sent, my advice is, his majesty would be pleased to
write back to the table, that he cloth well approve,
that we did not put back- or retard the good ways we
were in of ourselves; and that we understood his ma-
jesty's right: that his late direction was to give help,
and not hindrance to the former courses ; and that he
doth expect the propositions we have in hand, when
they are finished : and that for the sub-commissions,
he hath sent us the names he hath chosen out ot those
by us sent and propounded ; and that he leaveth the
particular directions from time to time, in the use of
the sub-commissioners, wholly to the table.

This I conceive to be the fairest way -y first to seal

(a] Chancellor E/llesmcre.

Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

the sub-commission without opening the nature of
their employments, and without seeming that they
should have any immediate dependence upon his ma-
jesty, but merely upon the table.

As for that which is to be kept in breast, and to
come forth by parts, the degrees are these :

First, to employ the sub-commissioners in the re-
.considering of those branches, which the several offi-
cers shall propound.

Next, in taking consideration of other branches of
retrenchment, besides those which shall be pro-
pounded.

The third, to take into consideration the great and
huge arrears and debts in every office ; whether there
be cause to abate them upon deceit or abuse ; and
at least how to settle them best, both for the king's
honour, and avoiding of clamour, and for the taking
away, as much as may be, that same ill influence and
effect, whereby the arrear past destroys the good hus-
bandry and reformation to come.

The fourth is to proceed from the consideration of
the retrenchments and arrears to the improvements.

All these four, at least the last three, I wish not to
l>e stirred in till his majesty's coming.

God ever preserve and prosper you.

Your Lordship's true friend

and devoted servant*

FR. BACON.

Your lordship will be pleased to have a little care of
the bestowing of this letter.

York-house, this 6th of December, 1017.

Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

To the Lord KEEPER (a).
My honourable Lord,

LEST Mr. Secretary (b) should be come away be-
fore the delivery of this packet, I have thought fit to
direct it to your lordship, with this letter to your lord^
ship about the the court of Wards, and another to the
lords from his majesty. Which is all I have now to
write, but that I ever rest,

Your Lordship' s faithful friend and servant,

G. BUCKINGHAM^
Newmarket, the 7th of December, 1617.

To the Lord KEEPER (c).
My honourable Lord,

I HAVE acquainted his majesty with your lord-
ship's letter, who hath followed your directions there-
in, and written to the lords accordingly. Which is
all I have now to write to your lordship, but that I
shall ever rest

Your Lordship's faithful friend and servant,

G. BUCKINGHAM.

Newmarket, the 9th day of December, 1617.
Indorsed,

My lord of Buckingham .to your lordship, shewing
the king's liking of your opinion and choice of
names for sub-commission.

(a) Harl. MSS. Vol. 7006.

(6) Sir Thomas Lake. His colleague, secretary Winwood, died
October 27, 1617; and Sir Robert Naunton succeeded to the post
of secretary, January 8, 161$-, from that of surveyor of the Court of
Wards.

(c) Harl. MSS. Vol. 7006.

Letters etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacoji. 185

To the Earl of BUCKINGHAM,

My very good Lord,

YOUR lordship's letters patents (a) are ready. I
would be glad to be one of the witnesses at the de-
livery; and therefore, if the king and your lordship
will give me leave, I will bring it to-morrow at any
hour shall be appointed.

Your Lordship's ever,
New-Year's eve, 1617.

FR. BACON.

I was bold to send your lordship, for your new-
year's gift, a plain cap of essay, in token, that if your
lordship in any thing shall make me your sayman, I
will be hurt before your lordship shall be hurt. I pre-
sent therefore to you my best service, which shall be
jny All- Year's gift.

To the Earl of BUCKINGHAM.

My very good Lordy

SIR George Chaworth and I am agreed, so that
now I shall retain the grace of my place, and yet he
rewarded. The king hath no ill bargain ; for he
hath four times as much as he was offered by Sir
George of increase ; and yet I take upon me to con-
tent my servants, and to content him. Nevertheless,
I shall think myself pleasured by his majesty, and do
acknowledge, that your lordship hath dealt very ho-
nourably and nobly with me.

I send inclosed a letter, whereby your lordship. sig-
nifieth his majesty's pleasure to me ; and I shall

(a) For the title of Marquis of Buckingham to himself and the male
heirs of his body.

136 Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

make the warrant to Mr. Attorney. I desire it may
be carried in privateness. I ever rest

Yonr Lordship's true friend,

and devoted servant,
This New-Year's eve, 1617.

FR. BACON.

To Sir JAMES FULLERTON (a).

I PRESUME to send his highness this pair of small
candlesticks, that his light, and the light of his pos-
terity, upon the church and commonwealth, may
never fail. I pray you do me the favour to present
it to his highness, with my best and humblest service.

Your most affectionate and assured friend,

FR. BACON, C. S.

To the Lord CHANCELLOR (6).

My honourable Lord,

I HAVE heretofore recommended unto your lord-
ship the determination of the cause between Sir Row-
land Egerton and Edward Egerton (c), who, I un-
derstand, did both agree, being before your lordship,
upon the values of the whole lands. And as your
lordship hath already made so good an entrance into

(a] He had been surveyor of the lands to prince Charles, when
duke of York ; and was groom of the stole to him, when king. He
died in January, 1630-1.

(6) ' Sir Francis Bacon had that title given him January 4.

(c) This was one of the causes mentioned in the charge of the
House of Commons against the lord Bacon ; in his answer to which,
he acknowledged, that some d^ays after perfecting his award, which
.was done with the advice and consent of the lord chief justice
Hobart, and publishing it to the parties, he received 3001. of Mr.
Edward Egerton, by whom, soon after his coming to the seal, he
had likewise been presented with 400), in a purse.

Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon. 187

the business, I doubt not but you will be as noble in
furthering the full agreement between the parties :
whereunto, I am informed, Sir Rowland Egorton is
very forward, offering on his part that, which to me
seemeth very reasonable, either to divide the lands,
and his adverse party to choose ; or the other to di-
vide, and he to choose. Whereupon my desire to
your lordship is, that you would accordingly make a
final end between them, in making a division, and
setting forth the lands, according to the values agreed
upon by the parties themselves. Wherein, besides the
charitable work your lordship shall do in making an
end of a controversy between those, whom name and
blood should tie together, and keep in unity, I will
acknowledge your favour as unto myself, and will
ever rest,

Your lordship's faithful servant,

Theobalds G. BUCKINGHAM.

January 9, 1617.

To the Lord Chancellor (a).

My honourable Lord,

HIS majesty having given order to Mr. Solicitor (/;)
to acquaint your lordship with a business touching ale-
houses (c), that upon consideration thereof you might
certify your opinion unto his majesty, whether it be
fit to be granted or not ; I have thought fit to desire

(a] Harl. MSS.Vol. 7006.
(!)} Sir Thomas Coventry.

(c) The lord chancellor, in his letter to the marquis of Bucking-
ham, dated January 25, 1617, printed in his works, has the folio w-
jng passage ; " For the suit of the alc-housts, which concerneth your
brother, Mr. Christopher Villiers, and Mr. Patrick Maule, I have
conferred with my lord chief justice, and Mr. Solicitor thereupon,
and there is a scruple in it, that it should be one of the giievances
put down in parliament ; which if it be, I may not, in my duty and
love to you, advise you to deal in it ; if it be not, I will mould in
the best manner, and help it forward." A patent for licensing
ale-houses being afterwards granted to Sir Giles Mompesson and Sir
Francis Milchel, and greatly abused by them, they were punished
for those abuses by the parliament, which met January 30, 1 620-1 .

188 Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

your lordship to give it what favour and furtherance
you may, if you find it reasonable and not prejudicial
to his majesty's service, because it concerneth Mr.
Patrick Maule, and my brother, Christopher Villiers,
whose benefit I have reason to wish and advance
by any just courses. And so I rest

Your Lordship's faithful servant,

Royston, Jan. llth, 1617.

G. BUCKINGHAM.

To the Lord CHANCELLOR («).

My honourable Lord,

SIR John Cotton (b) having acquainted me with a
petition he intended to exhibit to his majesty, that,
without any apparent fault committed by him, he was
put from his office of Custos Eotulorum ; I have per-
suaded him to forbear the presenting of his petition,
until I had written to your lordship, and received
your answer. I have therefore thought fit to signify
unto your lordship, that he is a gentleman, of whom
his majesty maketh good esteem, and hath often occa-
sion to use his service : and therefore, besides that he
is a man of good years, and hath served long in the
place, I know his majesty, out of these respects, will
be loth he should receive any disgrace. I desire there-
fore to understand from your lordship the reasons of
his remove, that, if I cannot give satisfaction to the
gentleman himself, I may at least make answer to his
majesty for that act of your lordship's, which is al-
leclged to be very unusual, unless upon some prece-
dent misdemeanor of the party. Thus, having in this
point discharged my part in taking the best course I

(a) Harl. MSS. Vol. 7006.

(i) Of Lamvade, in Cambridgeshire, knight. He served many
years as knight of the shire for that county, and died in 1620, attire
age of seventy-seven. His eldest son, Sir John Cotton, was eraeted
a baronet, July 14, 1641.

Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

could, that no complaint should come against you to
the king, I rest

Your Lordship's faithjul friend,

Newmarket, G. BUCKINGHAM.

January 16, 1617.

To Sir HENRY YELVERTON, Attorney General.
Mr. Attorney,

WHEREAS there dependeth before me in chan-
cery a great cause of tithes concerning the benefices
of London, though in a particular, yet, by conse-
quence, leading to a general ; his majesty, out of a
great religious care of the state, both of church and
city, is graciously pleased, that before any judicial sen-
tence be pronounced in chancery, there be a commis-
sion directed unto me, the lord chancellor, lord trea-
surer, the lord privy-seal, and the lord chamberlain ; and
likewise to the lord archbishop, the lord bishop of Win-
chester (a) and the bishop of Ely (b], and also to the
master of the rolls (c), the two lord chief justices (d), jus-
tice Dodderidge, and justice Hutton, who formerly
assisted me in the cause, to treat of some concord in a
reasonable moderation between the ministers and the
mayor and the commonalty of London in behalf of the
citizens ; and to make some pact and transaction be-
tween them by consent, if it may be ; or otherwise to
hear and certify their opinions touching the cause,
that thereupon his majesty may take such farther order,
by directing of a proceeding in chancery, or by some
other course, as to his wisdom shall seem fit.

You will have care to draw the commission with
some preface of honour to his majesty, and likewise
to insert in the beginning of the commission, that it

(a) Dr. James Montagu.

(b) Dr. Lancelot Andrews.

(c) Sir Julius Caesar.

(flQ Sir Henry Montagu of the King's Bench, and Sir Henry Ho-
bart of the Common Pleas.

190 Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

was de advisamento cancellarii (as it was indeed) lest
it should seem to be taken from the court. So I com-
mit you to God's, &c.

Jan. 19, 1617. FR. BACON, Cane.

To the Marquis of BUCKINGHAM.

My very good Lord,

I DO not easily fail towards gentlemen of quality
todisgrace them. Forltake myself to have some in-
terest in the good wills of the gentlemen of England,
which I keep and cherish for his majesty's special ser-
vice. And for this gentleman, of whom you write,
Sir John Cotton, I know no cause in the world, why
I should have displaced him, but that it was certified
unto me, that it was his own desire to resign :
wherein if I was abused, I will restore him. But if
he did consent, and, now it is done, changeth his mind,
then I would be loth to disgrace the other, that is
come in. Therefore I pray your lordship, that I may
know and be informed from himself what passed
touching his consent ; and I will do him reason.

Thus, with my thanks to your lordship, I will
ever rest

Your Lordship's true friend

and most devoted servant,

Jan. 20, 1617.

FR. BACON, Cane.

Indorsed,

To the Marquis of Buckingham, concerning Sir John
Cotton's resigning the place of Custos Rotulorura
of Cambridgeshire.

Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

To the Lord CHANCELLOR (a).

My honourable Lord,

I THANK your lordship for your favour to Sir
George Tipping, in giving liberty unto him to make
his appearance before you after the holy-days, at my
request ; who, as I understand by some friends of
mine, who moved me to recommend him to your
lordship's favour, is willing to conform himself in per-
formance of the decree made in the chancery by your
lordship's predecessor, but that he is persuaded, that
presently, upon the performance thereof, his son will
make away the land that shall be conveyed unto him :
which being come to Sir George from his ancestors, he
desireth to preserve to his posterity. I desire your
lordship's farther favour therefore unto him, that you
will find out some course, how he may be exempted
from that fear of the sale of his lands, whereof he is
ready to acknowledge a fine to his son, and to his
heirs by Anne Pigot ; and, they failing, to his son's
heirs males, and, for want thereof, to any of his son's
or brethren's heirs males, and so to the heirs general
of his father and himself, by lineal descent, and the
remainder to the crown. This offer, which seemeth
very reasonable, and for his majesty's advantage, I de-
sire your lordship to take into your consideration, and
to shew him what favour you may for my sake -3 which
I will readily acknowledge, and ever rest

Your Lordship* s faithful servant,
Newmarket, Jan. 23, 1617. G. BUCKINGHAM.

To the Lord CHANCELLOR (4),
My honourable Lord,

SINCE I received your lordship's letter, Sir Lionel
Cranfield being here, hath informed his majesty of
the whole proceeding in his business of the household;

(a) Harl. MSS. Vol. 7006. (I) Ibid.

192 Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

which his majesty liketh very well, and is glad it
is approved by your lordbhip, of whose care and pains
therein he receiveth very good satisfaction.

In the business touching Sir John Cotton, your
lordship dealeth as nobly as can be desired ; and so, if
it should come in question before his majesty, I would
answer in your behalf. I leave Sir John Cotton to
inform your lordship, by his letter of the business, and
ever rest

Your Lordship's faithful servant,

Newmarket, Jan. 24, 1617. G. BUCKINGHAM.

To the Lord CHANCELLOR (#).

My honourable Lord,

I HAVE been entreated by a gentleman, whom I
much respect, to recommend to your lordship's fa-
vour Mr. John Huddy, between whom and Mr.
Richard Huddy there is, as I am informed, a cause to
be heard before your lordship, in the chancery, on
Saturday next. My desire unto your lordship is, that
you would shew the said John Huddy what favour
you lawfully may, and as his cause will bear, when it
cometh before you, for my sake. Which I will not
fail to acknowledge, ever resting

Your lordship's faithful servant,
Newmarket, Jan. 28, 1617, G. BUCKINGHAM.

To the Lord CHANCELLOR (£).

My honourable Lord,

I UNDERSTAND that his majesty hath been
pleased to refer a suit unto him by twoot his servants,
Robert Maxwell and John Hunt, for the making of
sheriffs and escheators patents, to your lordship's con-

(«) Harl. MSS. Vol. 700G. (b) Ibid.

Letters, etc, of Lord Chancellor Bacon. 193

sideration. My desire unto your lordship on their
behalf is, that you would shew them thus much
favour for my sake, and with as much expedition as
may be, and your lordship's other occasions may per-
mit, to certify your opinion thereof unto his majesty j
which I will be ready to acknowledge, and ever rest

Your Lordship's faithful servant,

Newmarket, Feb. 4, 1617. G. BUCKINGHAM*

To the Lord CHANCELLOR (#).

My honourable Lord,

THOUGH I had resolved not to Write to your
lordship in any matter between party and party ; yet
at the earnest request of my noble friend, the lord
Norris, to whom I account myself much beholden, I
could not but recommend unto your lordship's favour a
special friend of his, Sir Thomas Monk, who hath
a suit before your lordship in the chancery (b) with
Sir Robert Basset ; which, upon the report made unto
me thereof, seemeth so reasonable, that I doubt not
but the cause itself will move your lordship to favour
him, if upon the hearing thereof it shall appear the
same unto your lordship, as at the first sight it doth
unto me. I therefore desire your lordship to shew in
this particular what favour you lawfully may, for my
sake, who will account it as done unto myself, and
will ever rest

Your Lordship's faithful servant,

Newmarket, Feb. 4, 1617. G. BUCKINGHAM.

(a) Harl. MSS. Vol. 7006.

(b) Lord Bacort was afterwards accused by the House of Com-
mons of having received of Sir Thomas Monk 100 pieces; which
he did not deny, but alledged, that it was after the suit was
ended.

VOL. VI.

1 9 4 Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

To the Marquis of BUCKINGHAM.

My very good Lord,

I HAVE sent inclosed a letter to his majesty about
the public charge I am to give the last Star Cham-
ber day, whifch is this day sevennight, to the judges
and justices before the circuit. 1 pray deliver it to
his majesty with speed. I send also some papers
appertaining to that business, which I pray your
lordship to have in readiness, if his majesty call for
them. I ever rest

Your Lordship's true friend and dew ted servant,
February 6, 1617. pR. BACON, CanC.

To the Lord CHANCELLOR (a).

My honourable Lord,

HIS majesty marvelleth, that he heareth nothing of
the business touching the gold and silver thread (b} ;
and therefore hath commanded me to write unto
your lordship to hasten the dispatch of it; and to
give him as speedy an account thereof as you can.
And so I rest

Your Lords/tip's faithful servant,

Newmarket, Feb. 7. G. BUCKINGHAM.

Indorsed, 1617.

(a) Hail. MSS. Vol. 7006.

(b) A patent for the monopoly of which was granted to Sir
Giles Mompesson and Sir Francis Mitchel, who were punished for
the abuse oi that patent by the parliament, which met January 30.
1620-1.

Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon. 195

To the Lord CHANCELLOR (#).
•*

Mi) honourable Lord,

I UNDERSTAND by this bearer, Edward Haw-
kins, how great pains your lordship hath taken, in
the business which I recommended to you concerning
him, and how favourably your lordship hath used him
for my sake. For which I give your lordship many
thanks, and will be ever ready to acknowledge your
favour toward him by all the testimonies of

Your Lordship's faithful friend,

Theobalds, Feb. 12, 1617. G. BUCKINGHAM.

To the Lord CHANCELLOR (6).

My honourable Lord,

I HAVE acquainted his majesty with your letter,
who liketh well of the course you mention in the end
of your letter, and will speak with you farther of
it at his return to London. In the mean time he
would have your lordship give direction to the
master of the Rolls (c) and Mr. Attoney (d) to stay
the examination. And so I rest

Your lordship's most assured to do you service,

G. BUCKINGHAM.

Hampton-Court, March 18, 1617.

(a) Harl. MSS. Vol. 7006. (c) Sir Julius Caesar.

W Ibid- W Sir Henry Yelverton.

o 2

i? $ Letters^ etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

To the Lord CHANCELLOR of Ireland (a).

My Lord Chancellory

I WILL not have you account the days of my
not answering your letter. It is a thing imposed upon
the multitude of my business to lodge many things
faithfully, though I make no present return.

Your conjunction and good understanding with the
deputy (b) I approve and commend; for t ever loved
intire and good compositions, which was the old
physic, better than fine separations.

Your friendly attributes I take as effects of affec-
tion; which must be causes of any good offices,
wherewith I can requite you.

We conceive that kingdom is in growth. God
send soundness to the increase; wherein I doubt not
but your lordship will do your part. God keep you.

Your Lordship's very loving friend,
York-house, April 15, 1618. FR. BACON, CaJIC.

To the Lord Chief Justice of Ireland (r).

My Lord Chief Justice,

I THANK you for your letter, and assure you,
that you are not deceived, neither in the care I have
of the public in that state, nor in my good wishes,
and the effects thereof, when it shall lie in my power
towards yourself.

I am glad to receive your testimony of my lord
deputy, both because I esteem your judgment, and
because it concurreth with my own.

(a) Dr. Thomas Jones, archbishop of Dublin, who died April
10, 1619.

(b) Sir Oliver St. John, afterwards viscount Grandison. He died
at Battersea in Surrey, December 29, 1630, aged seventy.

(c) Sir William Jones, to whom, upon his being called to that
post, the lord keeper made a speech, printed in his works.

Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon. 197

The materials of that kingdom, which are trade and
wealth, grow on apace. I hope the form, which
giveth the best living of religion and justice, will
not be behind, the rather by you, as a good instru-
ment. I rest

Your Lordship's assured friend,.

York-house, ** of April, 1618. FR. BACON, CdUC.

To the Lord CHANCELLOR (#).
My honourable Lord,

UNDERSTANDING, that there is a suit de-
pending before your lordship, between Sir Rowland
Cotton (b}} planting and Sir John Gawen, defendant,
which is shortly to come to a hearing ; and having
been likewise informed, that Sir Rowland Cotton
hath undertaken it in the behalf of certain poor
people ; which charitable endeavour of his, I assure
myself, will find so good acceptation with your lord-
ship, that there shall be no other use of recommenda-
tion : yet, at the earnest request of some friends of
mine, I have thought fit to write to your lordship in
his behalf, desiring you to shew him what favour you
lawfully may, and the cause may bear, in the speedy
dispatch of his business ; which I shall be ever ready
to acknowledge, and rest

Your Lordship's most devoted to serve you,

Whitehall, April 20, 1618. G. BUCKINGHAM.

(a) Harl. MSS, Vol. 7006.

(It] A gentleman eminent for his learning, especially in the
Hebrew language, in which he had been instructed by the famous
Hugh Broughton, who died in 1612. He was son of Mr. William
Cotton, citizen and draper of London, and had an estate at Bella-
port in Shropshire, where he resided till he came to live at Lon-
don at the request of Sir Allen Cotton, his father's younger
brother, who was Lord Mayor of that city in 1625. Sir Rowland
was the first patron of the learned DrJkLightfoot, and encouraged
him in the prosecution of his studies of the Hebrew language and
antiquities.

19$ Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

To the Lord CHANCELLOR (a).

My honourable Lord,

I WILL not go about to excuse mine own fault,
by making you believe his majesty was backward
in your business; but upon the first motion, he gave
me directions for it; which it was my negligence, as
I freely confess, that I have no sooner performed,
having not been slack in moving his majesty, but in
dispatching your man. All is done, which your
lordship desired, and 1 will give order, according to
his majesty's directions, so that your lordship shall
not need to trouble yourself any farther, but only to
expect the speedy performance of his majesty's
gracious pleasure.

I will take the first opportunity to acquaint his
majesty with the other business, and will ever rest

Your lordship's faithful friend and servant,

Theobalds, May 8', [161$.] G. BUCKINGHAM.

To the. Lord CHANCELLOR (/>).

My honourable good Lord,

^ WHEREAS in Mr. HansbyeY cause (c), which
formerly, by my means, both his majesty and myself
recommended to your lordship's favour, your lordship
thought good, upon a hearing thereof, to decree some
part for the young gentleman, and to refer to some
masters of the chancery, for your farther satisfaction,

(«) Harl. MSS. Vol. 7006.- (b) Ibid.

(c) This seems to be one of the causes, on account of which lord
Bacon was afterwards accused by the House of Commons; in an-
swer to whose charge he admits, that in the cause of Sir Ralph
Hansbye there being two decrees, one for the inheritance, and the
other for goods and chattels; some time after the first decree, and
before the second, there was 5001. delivered to him by Mr. Tobie
Matthew ; nor could his lordship deny, that this was upon the matter
pendente lit*.

Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

the examination of witnesses to this point ; which
seemed to your lordship to be the main thing your
lordship doubted of, whether or no the leases, con-
veyed by old Hansbye to young Hansbye by deed,
were to be liable to the legacies, which he gave by
will ; and that now I am credibly informed, that it
will appear upon their report, and by the deposi-
tions of witnesses, without all exception, that the
said leases are no way liable to those legacies ; these
shall be earnestly to intreat your lordship, that upon
consideration of the report of the masters, and de-
positions of the witnesses, you will, for my sake, shew
as much favour and expedition to young Mr. Hansbye
in this cause, as the justness thereof will permit.
And I shall receive it at your lordship's hands as a
particular favour.

So I take my leave of your lordship, and rest

Your Lordship's faithful friend and servant,
Greenwich, June 12, 16 IS. G. BUCKINGHAM.

To the Lord CHANCELLOR (a).
My honourable Lord,

UNDERSTANDING, that the cause depending
in the chancery between the lady Vernon and the
officers of his majesty's houshold is now ready for a
decree; though I doubt not, but, as his majesty hath
been satisfied of the equity of the cause on his officers
behalf, who have undergone the business, by his ma-
jesty's command, your lordship will also find their
cause worthy of your favour: yet I have thought fit
once again to recommend it to your lordship, desiring
you to give them a speedy end of it, that both his
majesty may be freed from farther importunity, and
they from the charge and trouble of following it :
which I will be ever ready to acknowledge as a fa-
vour done unto myself, and always rest

Your Lordship's faithful friend and servant,
Greenwich, June 15, 1618. G. BUCKINGHAM.

(a) Had. MSS. Vol. 7006.

200 Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

To the Lord CHANCELLOR (a).

My honourable Lord,

I WROTE unto your lordship lately in the behalf
of Sir Rowland Cotton, that then had a suit in de-
pendence before your lordship and the rest of my
lords in the Star-Chamber, The cause, I understand,
hath gone contrary to his expectation ; yet he ac-^
knowledges himself much bound to your lordship for
the noble and patient hearing he did then receive ;
and he rests satisfied, and J much beholden to your
lordship, for any favour it pleased your lordship to
afford him for my cause. It now rests only in your
lordship's power for the assessing of costs ; which,
because, I am certainly informed, Sir Rowland
Cotton had just cause of complaint, I hope your
lordship will not give any against him. And I do
the rather move your lordship to respect him in it, be-
cause it concerns him in his reputation, which I know-
he tenders, and not the money which might be im-
posed upon him ; which can be but a trifle. Thus
presuming of your lordship's favour herein, which I
shall be read) ever to account to your lordship for, I
rest

Your Lordship's most devoted to serve you,

June 19, 16J8. Q. BUCKINGHAM.

To the Lord CHANCELLOR (b).

My honourable Lord,

WHEREAS it hath pleased his majesty to recom-
mend unto your consideration a petition exhibited by
Mis Fowle, together with the grievances and request
for the rectifying of the work of gold and silver thread ;
and now understandeth,that your lordship hath called
unto you the other commissioners in that case, and

(«) Harl. MSS. Vol. 7006. (b) Ibid.

Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon. 201

spent some time to hear what the opposers could ob-
ject, and perceiveth by a relation of a good entrance
you have made into the business; and is now in-
formed, that there remaineth great store of gold and
silver thread in the merchants hands, brought from
foreign parts, besides that, which is brought in daily by
stealth, and wrought here by underhand workers; so
that the agents want vent, with which inconveniencies,
it seemeth the ordinary course of law cannot so well
meet : and yet they are inforced, for freeing of cla-
mour, to set great numbers of people on work ; so
that the commodity lying dead in their hands, will
in a very short time grow to a very great sum of
money : To the end therefore, that the undertakers
may not be disheartened by these wrongs and losses,
his majesty hath commanded me to write unto your
lordship, to the end you might bestow more time this
vacation in prosecuting the course you have so wor-
thily begun, that all differences being reconciled, the
defects of the commission may be also amended, for
prevention of farther abuses therein ; so as the agents
may receive encouragement to go on quietly in the
Work without disturbance. And I rest

Your Lordship's faithful friend and servant,

From Bewly, G. BUCKINGHAM,

the 20th day of Aug. 1618.

To the Lord CHANCELLOR.
Most honourable Lord,

HEREWITHAL I presume to send a -note in-
closed, both of rny business in chancery, and with my
lord Roos, which it pleased your lordship to demand
of me, that so you might better do me good in utroque
gtnere. It may please your lordship, after having
perused it, to commend it over to the care of Mr.
Meautys for better custody.

At my parting last from your lordship, the grief
had to leave your lordship's presence, though but

202 Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

for a little time, vias such, as that being accompanied
with some small corporal indisposition, that I was in,
made me forgetful to say that, which now for his
majesty's service' I thought myself bound not to si-
lence. I was credibly informed and assured, when
the Spanish ambassador went away, that howsoever
Ralegh and the prentices (a) should fall out to be pro-
ceeded withal, no more instances would be made
hereafter on the part of Spain for justice to be done
ever in these particulars: but that if slackness were
used here, they would be laid up in the deck, and
would serve for materials (this was the very word)
of future and final discontentments. Now as the hu-
mour and design of some may carry them towards
troubling of the waters ; so I know your lordship's
both nature and great place require an appeasing
them at your hands. And I have not presumed to
say this little out of any mind at all, that I may have
to meddle with matters so far above me, but out of
a thought I had, that I was. tied in duty to lay thus
much under your lordship's eye; because I know and
consider of whom I heard that speech, and with how
great circumstances it was delivered.

I beseech Jesus to give continuance and increase

to your lordship's happiness ; and that, if it may stand

\ with his will, myself may one day have the honour of

casting some small mite into that rich treasury. So

I humbly do your lordship reverence, and continue

The most obliged of your Lordship's

many faithful servants,

Nottingham, August 2 1, 1613. ToBlE MATTHEW.

(«) Who on the 12lh of July, 1618, had insulted Gondomar,
the Spanish ambassador, on account of a boy's being hurt by him as
he was riding. [Camdcni Annales Regis Jacobi I. p. 33. J They
were proceeded against by commissioners at Guildhall on Wednes-
day the 12th of August following; seven being found guilty, and
adjudged to six months imprisonment, and to pay 5001. a piece.
Two others were acquitted. MS. letter of Mr. Chamberlain to Sif
Dudley Carleton, London, August 15, 1C18.

Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon.^ 203

To Mr. (afterwards Sir) ISAAC WAKE, his
Majesty's Agent at the Court of Savoy.

Air. Wake,

I HAVE received some letters from you ; and
hearing from my lord Cavendish (a] how well he affects
you, and taking notice also of your good abilities and
services in his majesty's affairs, and not forgetting the
knowledge I had, when young, of your good father(6),
I thought myself in some measure tied not to keep
from you my good opinion of you, and my desire to
give you any furtherance in your fortunes and occa-
sions, whereof you may take knowledge and liberty
to use me for your good. Fare you well.

Your very loving friend,

FR. VERULAM(C<), Cane.
York-house, this I st of Sept. 1618.

To the Lord CHANCELLOR (d].

My honourable Lord,

HIS majesty is desirous to be satisfied of the fitness
and conveniency of the gold and silver thread-busi-
ness; as also of the profit, that shall any way accrue
unto him thereby. Wherefore his pleasure is, that
you shall, with all convenient speed, call unto you the
lord chief justice of the King's Bench (c}9 the attorney
general (t/') and the solicitor (g) ; and consider with

(a) William Cavendish, son and heir of William, created baron
Cavendish of Hardwicke in Derbyshire, in May 1603, and earl
of Devonshire, July 12, 1618.

(b) Arthur Wake, rector of Billing in Northamptonshire, master
of the hospital of St. John in Northampton, and canon of Christ-
Church, Oxford.

(c) He had been created lord Verulam on the 12th of July, 161 S.

(d) Harl. MSS. Vol. 7006.

(e) Sir Henry Montagu.
(/) Sir Henry Yelverton.
(§•) Sir Thomas Coventry,

2O1 Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

them of every of the said particulars, and return them
to his majesty, that thereupon he may resolve what
present course to take for the advancement of the exe-
cution thereof. And so I rest.

Your Lordship1 s faithful servant,
Theobalds, the 4-th of Octob. 1618. G. BUCKINGHAM.

To the Lord CHANCELLOR (a).

My honourable Lord,

I HAVE been desired by some friends of mine, in
the behalf of Sir Francis Englefyld, to recommend his
cause so far unto your lordship, that a peremptory day
being given by your lordship's order for the perfect-
ing of his account, and for the assignment of the trust,
your lordship would take such course therein, that the
gentleman's estate may be redeemed from farther
trouble, and secured from all danger, by engaging
those, to whom the trust is now transferred by your
lordship's order, to the performance of that, where-
unto he was tied. And so not doubting but your
lordship will do him what lawful favour you may here-
in, I rest

Your Lordship's faithful friend and servant,

G. BUCKINGHAM.

Indorsed,
Received October 14, 1618.

To the KING, concerning the form and manner of
proceeding against Sir WALTER RALEGH (/>).

May it please your most excellent Majesty,
ACCORDING to your commandment given unto
us, we have, upon divers meetings and conferences,
considered what form and manner of proceeding

(«) Harl. MSS. Vol. 7006.

(/;) He was beheaded October 29, '1618, the day of the in-
auguration of the lord mayor of London,

Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon. 205

against Sir Walter Ralegh might best stand with your
majesty's justice and honour, if you shall be pleased,
that the law shall pass upon him.

And, first, we are of opinion, that Sir Walter Ralegh
being attainted of high-treason, which is the highest
and last work of law, he cannot be drawn in question
judicially for any crime or offence since committed.
And therefore we humbly present two forms of pro-
ceeding to your majesty : the one, that together with
the warrant to the lieutenant of the Tower, if your
majesty shall so please, for his execution, to publish a
narrative in print of his late crimes and offences :
which, albeit your majesty is not bound to give an
account of your actions in these cases to any but only
to God alone, we humbly offer to your majesty's con-
sideration, as well in respect of the great effluxion of
time since his attainder, and of his employment by
your majesty's commission, as for that his late crimes
and offences are not yet publickly known. The other
form, whereunto, if your majesty so please, we rather
incline, is, that where your majesty is so renowned
for your justice, it may have such a proceeding, as is
nearest to legal proceeding ; which is, that he be
called before, the whole body of your council of state,
and your principal judges, in your council-chamber;
and that some of the nobility and gentlemen of quality
be admitted to be present to hear the whole proceed-
ing, as in like cases hath been used. And after the
assembly of all these, that some of your majesty's coun-
sellors of state, that are best acquainted with the case,
should openly declare, that this form of proceeding
against Sir Walter is holden, for that he is civilly dead.
After this your majesty's council learned to charge his
acts of hostility, depredation, abuse as well of your
majesty's commission, as of your subjects under his
charge, impostures, attempt of escape, and other his
misdemeanors, But for that, which concerns the
French, wherein he was rather passive than active,
and without which the charge is compleat, we humbly
refer to your majesty's consideration, how far that
shall be touched. After which charge so given, the

206 Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

examination read, and Sir Walter heard, and some to
be confronted against him, if need be, then he is to be
withdrawn and sent back ; for that no sentence is, or
can be, given against him. And after he is gone,
then the lords of the council and judges to give their
advice to your majesty, whether in respect of these
subsequent offences upon the whole matter, your ma-
jesty, if you so please, may not with justice and honour
give warrant for his execution upon his attainder. And
of this whole proceeding we are of opinion, that a
solemn act of council should be made, with a memo-
rial of the whole presence. But before this be done,
that your majesty may be pleased to signify your gra-
cious direction herein to your council of state ; and
that your council learned, before the calling of Sir
Walter, should deliver the heads of the matter, toge-
ther with the principal examinations touching the
same, wherewith Sir Walter is to be charged, unto
them, that they may be perfectly informed of the true
state of the case, and give their advice accordingly.
All which nevertheless we, in all humbleness, present
and submit to your princely wisdom and judgment,
and shall follow whatsoever it shall please your ma-
jesty to direct us herein, with all dutiful readiness.

Your Majesty's most humble

and faithful servants, 3fc.

York-house, this 18th of October, 1618.

To the Lord CHANCELLOR (#).

My honourable Lord,

WHEREAS there is a cause depending in the
court of chancery between one Mr. Francis Foliambe
and Francis Hornsby, the which already hath received
a decree, and is now to have another hearing before
yourself ; I have thought fit to desire you to shew so
much favour therein, seeing if concerns the gentle-

(a) Harl. MSS. Vol. 7006.

Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon. 207

•

man's whole estate, as to make a full arbitration and
final end, either by taking the pains in ending it your-
self, or preferring it to some other, whom your lordship
shall think fit : which I shall acknowlege as a courtesy
from your lordship; and ever rest

Your Lordship's faithful friend and servant,

G. BUCKINGHAM.

Hinchingbroke, the 22d of October, 1618.

To the Marquis of BUCKINGHAM.

My very good Lord,

I SEND the commission for making Lincoln's Inn-
Fields into walks for his majesty's signature. It is
without charge to his majesty.

We have had my lord of Ormonde (a) before us.
We could not yet get him to answer directly, whether
he would obey the king's award or no. After we
had endured his importunity and impertinences, and
yet let him down to this, that his majesty's award was
not only just and within his submission, but in his
favour ;. we concluded in few words, that the award
must be obeyed, and if he did refuse or impugn the
execution or it in Ireland, he was to be punished by
the justice of Ireland : if he did murmur or scandalize
it here, or trouble his majesty any more, he was to be
punished in England. Then he asked, whether he
might be gone. For that, we told him, his majesty's
pleasure was to be known.

(«) Walter, earl of Ormonde, grandfather of James the first duke
of Ormonde. This earl, upon the death of Thomas, earl of Or-
monde and Ossory, succeeding to those honours, should have in-
herited likewise the greatest part of the estate : but his right was
contested by Sir Richard Preston lord Djngwell, supported by the
favour of king James I. who made an award, which Walter, earl of
Ormonde, conceiving to be unjust, refused to submit to, and was, by
the king's order, committed to the Fleet, where he remained eight
years before the death of that king; but in 1625 recovered his
liberty.

208 Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

Sir Robert Mansell hath promised to bring his
summer account this day seven-night. God preserve
and prosper you.

Your Lordship's most obliged friend,

and faithful servant,
November 12, 1618. FR. VERULAM, Cane.

To the Lord CHANCELLOR (a).
My honourable Lord,

I SEND your lordship the commission signed by
his majesty, which he was very willing to dispatch as
a business very commendable and worthy to be taken
in hand.

For the earl of Ormonde, his majesty made no
other answer, but that he hopeth he is not so unman-
nerly, as to go away without taking leave of his
majesty.

For Sir Robert Mansell's account, his majesty saith
he is very slow, especially being but a summary ac-
count, and that he promised to bring it in before:
and therefore would have him tied to the day he hath
now set, without any farther delay.

This last his majesty commanded me to put in after
I had written and signed my letter.

Your Lordship's faithful friend and servant,

G. BUCKINGHAM.

Royston, the 13th of November, 1618.

To the Lord CHANCELLOR (£).

My honourable Lord,

HAVING formerly moved your lordship in the
business of this bearer, Mr. Wyche, of whom, as I
understand, your lordship hath had a special care to do

•

(a) Harl. MSS. Vol. 7006. (*) Ibid.

Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

him favour, according to the equity of his cause ; now
* seeing that the cause is shortly to he heard, I have
thought fit to continue my recommendation of the
business unto you, desiring your lordship to shew
what favour you lawfully may unto Mr. 'Wyche, ac-
cording as the justness of the cause shall require :
which I will acknowledge as a courtesy from your
lordship, and ever rest

Your Lordship's faithful friend and servant,

G. BUCKINGHAM.

Newmarket, the 18th of November, 1618.

To the Lord CHANCELLOR (a).

My honourable Lord,

I SEND your lordship the bill of the sheriff of
Hereford and Leicester, pricked and signed by his
majesty, who bath likewise commanded me to send
unto your lordship these additions of instructions, sent
unto him by the surveyor and receiver of the court of
wards ; wherein, because he knoweth not what to
prescribe without understanding what objections can
be made, his pleasure is, that your lordship advise and
consider of them, and send him your opinion of them,
that he may then take such course therein, as shall
be fit.

His majesty commanded me to give you thanks
for your care of service; and so I rest

Your Lordship' s faithful servant,

Newmarket, 22cl of November. G. BUCKINGHAM,

Indorsed, 1618.

(a) Harl. MSS. Vol. 7006,

VOL. VI,

210 Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

To the Marquis of BUCKINGHAM.

/]/>/ very good Lord,

WE have put the Declaration [a] touching Ralegh
to the press with his majesty's additions, which were
very material, and fit to proceed from his majesty.

For the prisoners, we have taken an account, given
a charge, and put some particulars in examination for
punishment and example.

For the pursuivants, we staid a good while for Sir
Edward Coke's health ; but he being not yet come
abroad, we have entered into it; and we find faults,
and mean to select cases for example : but in this
swarm of priests and recusants we are careful not to
discourage in general. But the punishment of some,
that are notoriously corrupt, concerned not the good,
and will keep in awe those that are but indifferent. ,

The balance of the king's estate is in hand, where-
of I have great care, but no great help.

The sub-corn mjttees for the several branches of
treasure are well chosen and charged.

This matter of the king's estate for means is like a
quarry, which digs and works hard ; but then, when I
consider it buildeth, T think no pains too much ; and
.after term it shall be my chief care.

For the mint, by my next I will give account ;
for our day is Wednesday.

God ever preserve and prosper you.

Your Lordship's

November 22, 1618. FR. VERULAM,

Indorsed,

Of council-business.

(a] Declaration of the Demeanor and Carriage of Sir Walter Ralegh,
Knight, as n-ell in his Vvyagc, as in and since his rcturnt fyc. printed
3t London, 1618, in quarto.

p

Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor 'Bacon. 2 1 1

To the Lord CHANCELLOR (#).

My honourable Lord,

I HAVING understood by Dr. Steward, that your
lordship hath made a decree against him in the chan-
cery, which he thinks very hard for him to perform ;
although I know it is unusual to your lordship to make
any alterations, when things are so far past: yet in
regard I owe him a good turn, which I know not how
to perform but this way, I desire your lordship, if there
be any place Jeft for mitigation, your lordship would
shew him what favour you may, for my sake, in his
desires, which I shall be ready to acknowledge as a
great courtesy done unto myself; and will ever rest

Your Lordship's faithful friend and servant,

G. BUCKINGHAM,

Newmarket, the 2d of Decemb. 1618.

To the Lord CHANCELLOR (&).

My honourable Lord,

I HAVE written a letter unto your lordship, which
will be delivered unto you in behalf of Dr. Steward ;
and besides, have thought fit to use all freedom with
you in that, as in other things ; and therefore have
thought fit to tell you, that he being a man of very
good reputation, and a stout man, that will not yield
to any thing, wherein he conceiveth any hard course
against him, I should be sorry he should make any
complaint against you. And therefore, if you can
advise of any course, how you may be eased of that
burden, aiad freed from his complaint, without shew
of any fear of him, or any thing he can say, I will be
ready to join with you for the accomplishment there-

(a) Hari. MSS. Vol. 7006. (ft) Ibid,

P 2

2 1 2 Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

of: And so desiring you to excuse the long stay of
your man, I rest

Your Lordship's faithful friend and servant,

G, BUCKINGHAM.
From Newmarket, 3d of December, 1618.

To the Marquis of BUCKINGHAM.

My very good Lord,

YESTERNIGHT we dispatched the lord Ridge-
way's account. Good service is done. Seven or
eight thousand pounds are coming to the king, and
a good precedent set for accounts.

There came to the seal about a fortnight since a
strange book passed -by Mr. Attorney to one Mr.
Hall ; and it is to make subjects, for so is denization,
arid this to go to a private use, till some thousand
pounds be made of it. The number one hundred
denizens. And whereas all books of that nature had
an exception of merchants, which importeth the king
not much in his customs only, for that is provided for
in the book, but many other ways, this takes in mer-
chants and all. I acquainted the commissioners with
it, and by one consent it is stayed. But let me counsel
his majesty to grant forth a commission of this nature,
so to raise money for himself, being a flower of the
crown : and Hall may be rewarded out of it ; and it
would be to principal persons, that it may be carried
with election and discretion, whom tg admit to deni-
zation, and whom not.

God ever bless and prosper you.

Your Lordship's most faithful

and obliged friend and servant,
December S, 1613. FR. VfiRULAM, Cane..

Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

To the Lord CHANCELLOR (a).

My honourable Lord,

I THANK your lordship for the favour, which, I
understand, Sir Francis Englefyld hath received from
your lordship upon my last letter, vvhereunto I desire
your lordship to add this one favour more, which is the
same, that I understand your lordship granted him at
Christmas last, to give him liberty, for the space of a
fortnight, to follow his business in his own person ;
whereby he may bring it to the more speedy end,
putting in security, according to the ordinary course,
to render himself prisoner again, as soon as that time
is expired : which is all that J desire for him, and in
which I will acknowledge your lordship's favour tO"
wards him ; and ever rest

Your Lordship's faW if id friend and servant,

G. BUCKINGHAM.

Newmarket, the 10th of Decemb.

To the Marquis of BUCKINGHAM (t).

My very good Lord,

I SEND you herewith the copy of a letter, which
we, the commissioners for Ormonde's cause, have
written to the deputy of Ireland, according to his
majesty's pleasure signified by Sir Francis Blundell ;
which I humbly desire his majesty would peruse, that
if it do not attain his meaning, as we conveyed it, we
may second it with a new letter.

We have appointed Monday morning for these mint
businesses, referred by his majesty to certain com-
missioners, and we will carry it sine strepitu.

The patent touching Guinea and Bynny for the
trade of gold, staid first by myself, and after by his
majesty's commandment, we have now settled by
consent of all parties.

(«) Hart. MSS. Vol. 700G. (b) Ibid.

Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

Mr. Attorney, by my direction, hath made, upon
his information exhibited into the Star-Chamber, a
thundering motion against the transportation of gold
by the Dutch ; which all the town is glad of; and I
have granted divers writs of ne exeat rcgnum, accord-
ing to his majesty's warrant.

Sir Edward Coke keeps in still, and we have miss
of him y but I supply it as I may by my farther dili-
gence. God ever bless you and keep you.

Your Lordship's most faithful and

bounden friend and servant,

December 11, 1618. FR. VfiRULAM,

I forget not your doctor's (c) matter. I shall speak
with him to-day, having received your lordship's
letter ; and what is possible, shall be done. I pray
pardon my scribbling in haste.

To the Lord CHANCELLOR (d).

My honourable Lord,

I HAVE acquainted his majesty with your letters,
who is very well pleased witfi your care of his service,
in making stay of the grant of denizens upon the
reason you alledge, whereof his majesty will speak
farther with you at his return.

The letter, which you sent me about ray lord of
Ormonde's son, is not according to his majesty's mean-
ing ; but I would have you frame another to my lord
deputy to this purpose : " That his majesty having
" seen a letter of his to Sir Francis Blundell, adver-
" tising, that the earl of Ormonde's son, and some
" other of his kindred, did victual and fortify their
€< houses ; his majesty hath thereupon commanded you
" to write unto him, that if the ground of his infor-
" mation be true, which he may best know, that then

(c) Steward's. See above, p. 211.

(d) Harl. MSS. Vol. 7006.

Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon. 215

" he send for the said earl's son, and the principal of
" his kindred, to appear before him ; and if they ap-
" pear, and give him satisfaction, it is well ; bat if
" they refuse to appear, or give him not satisfaction,
" though they appear; that then he assemble what
" forces he can, be they never so few, and go against
" them, that he may crush the rebellion in the
" e^0"."

I have remembered his majesty, as I promised your
lordship, about the naming you for a commissioner to
treat with the Hollanders : But besides that you have
so many businesses, both of the star-chamber, and
others in the term-time, when this must be attended
as well as in the vacation, whereby this would be
either too great a toil to you, or a hindrance to his
majesty's service ; he thinketh it could not stand with
the honour of your place to be balanced with those
that are sent from the state, so far unequal to his ma-
jesty, and being themselves none of the greatest of the
state. Therefore his majesty holdcth it not fit or
worthy of you to put you into such an employment, in
which none of your predecessors, or any of the chief
counsellors, have been ever used in this kind, but only
in a treaty of marriage or conclusion of a peace ; as
when the constable of Castile was here, when the
commissioners on both sides had their authority under
the great seal of either kingdom, with direct relation
to their sovereigns, far differing from this commission,
which is now given to these men, and whereunto his
majesty is to frame the course of his. As tor the part,
which concerneth Scotland, the choice hath not been
made of the chancellor or archbishop of St. Andrew's,
but of men nearer the rank of those, that come hither
to treat. As yet his majesty delayeth to give any
commission at all, because he would first be informed
from the lords, both of the points and form of their
commission, which his majesty hitherto understandcth
to be, with authority to over-rule and direct their
merchants in what they shall think fit ; which ff it
be so, then his majesty holdeth it fit, for his part, to
appoint the whole body of the council with like

216 Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

power over his merchants. As for me, I shall be
ever ready upon any occasion to shew myself

Your Lordship's faithful friend and servant,

G. BUCKINGHAM.
Newmarket, the 14th of December, 1613.

To the Lady CLIFFORD.
My good Lady and Cousin,

I SHALL not be wanting in any thing, that may
express my good affection and wishes towards your
ladyship, being so near unto me, and the daughter of
a father, to whom I was in the passages of my fortune
much obliged. So with my loving commendations, in
the midst of business, I rest

Your affectionate kinsman and assured friend,

FR. VERULAM, Cane.
York-house, this 2,5th of January, 1618.

To the Lord CHANCELLOR (#).

My honourable Lord,

LEST my often writing may make your lordship
conceive, that this letter hath been drawn from you
by importunity, I have thought fit, for preventing of
any such conceit, to let your lordship know, that Sir
John Wentworth, whose business I now recommend,
is a gentleman, whom I esteem in more than an ordi-
nary degree. And therefore J desire your lordship to
shew him what favour you can for my sake in his suit,
which his majesty hath referred to your lordship :
which I will acknowledge as a courtesy unto me,
and rest

Your Lordship's faithful friend and servant,

Newmarket, January 26th, 1618. G. BUCKINGHAM,

(a) Harl. MSS, Vol. 7006.

Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon. 2 1 7

A
To the Lord CHANCELLOR (a).

My honourable Lord,

I BEING desired by a special friend of mine to
recommend unto your lordship's favour the case of
this petitioner, have thought fit to desire you, for my
sake, to shew him all the favour you may in this his
desire, as you shall find it in reason to deserve ; which
I shall take as a courtesy from your lordship, and
ever rest

Your Lordship's faithf id friend and servant,

G. BUCKINGHAM,

I thank your lordship for your favour to Sir John
Wentworth, in the dispatch of his business.

Newmarket, March 15, 161.8.

To the Lord CHANCELLOR (b\
Most honourable Lord,

IT may please your lordship, there was with me
this day one Mr. Richard White, who hath spent
some little time at Florence, and is now gone into
England. He tells me, that Galileo had answered
your discourse concerning the flux and reflux of the
sea, and was sending it unto me ; but that Mr. White
hindered him, because his answer was grounded upon
a false supposition, namely, that there was in the
ocean a full sea but once in twenty-four hours/ But
now I will call upon Galileo again. This Mr. White
is a discreet and understanding gentleman, though he
seems a little soft, if not slow; and he hath, in his
hands all the works, as I take it, of Galileo, some
printed, and some unprinted. He hath his discourse
of the flux and reflux of the sea, which was never
printed ; as also a discourse of the mixture of metals,

(a) Harl. MSS. Vol. 7005. (6) Ibid.

218 Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

Those which are printed in his hand are these : the
Nuncius sidereus ; the Macchie solar I y and a third Delle
Cose, che stanno su I" aqua, by occasion of a disputation,
that was amongst learned men in Florence about that,
which Archimedes wrote, de insidentibus hwnido.

I have conceived, that your lordship would not be
sorry to see these discourses of that man ; and there-
fore I have thought it belonging to my service to
your lordship to give him a letter of this date, though
it will not be there so soon as this. The gentleman
hath no pretence or business before your lordship,
but is willing to do your lordship all humble service ;
and therefore, both for this reason, as also upon my
humble request, I beseech your lordship to bestow a
countenance of grace upon him. I am beholden to
this gentleman ; and, if your lordship shall vouchsafe
to ask him of me, I shall receive honour by it. And
I most humbly do your lordship reverence.

Your Lordship]s most obliged servant,

TOBIE MATTHEW.

Brussels, from my bed, the Uth of April, 1619.

To the Lord CHANCELLOR (a).

honourable Lord,

HIS majesty hath commanded me to signify unto
your lordship, that it is his pleasure you put off the
hearing of the cause between Sir Arthur Mainwaring
and Gabriel Dennis till toward the end of the term ;
because his majesty is graciously pleased to be at the
hearing thereof himself. And so I rest

Your Lordship's faithful friend and servant,

Royston, April 13, 1619. G. BUCKINGHAM.

(a) Harl. MSS. Vol. 7006.

Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon. 219.

*

To the Lord CHANCELLOR, and Sir LIONEL
TANFIELD, L ord Chief Baron of the Ex-
chequer (#).

My Lords,

HIS majesty having been moved by the duke of Sa-
voy's ambassador in the behalf of Philip Bernardf,
whom he is to send about some special employment
over the seas to the duke of Savoy, that before his go-
ing, the business mentioned in this petition may be
ended, hath commanded me to recommend the same
unto your lordship's care, that with all expedition the
cause may be heard and ended by your lordships, ac-
cording to his majesty's reference ; or left to the de-
termination of the court of chancery, where it is de-
pending, and where the party assureth himself of a.
speedy end. And so I rest

Your Lordships very assured friend at command,

.Royslon, the 19th of April, 1619. G. BUCKINGHAM.

To the Marquis of BUCKINGHAM (/>).

My very good Lord,

I THINK fit to let your lordship understand what
passed yesterday in the Star-Chamber touching Suf-
folk's (c) business.

There came to me the clerk of the court in the
inner chamber, and told me, that my lord of Suffolk
desired to be heard by his council at the sitting of
the court, because it was pen * * * him.

I marvelled 1 heard not of it by Mr. Attorney,
who should have let me know as much, that I might

(a] Harl. MSS. Vol. 7006. (b} Ibid.

(c) Thomas Howard, earl of Suffolk, who had been made lord
treasurer in 161 4-. He was accused of several misdemeanors in that
office, together with his lady, and Sir 'John Bingley, her ladyship's
agent ; and an information preferred against them all in the Star-
Ghamber.

220 Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

not be taken on the sudden in a cause of that
weight.

1 called presently Mr. Attorney to me, and asked
him, whether he knew of the motion, and what it
was, and how he was provided to answer it. He
signified to me, that my lord would desire to have the
commission for examinations in Ireland to be re-
turnable in Michaelmas term. 1 said, it might not be,
and presently drew the council, then present, to me,
and made Mr. Attorney repeat to them the passages
past, and settled it, that the commission should be
returnable the first day of the next term, and then
republication granted, that it might, if accidents of
wind and weather permit, come to hearing in the
term. And upon motion in open court it was or-
dered accordingly.

God ever preserve and prosper you. I pray God
this great easterly wind agree*well with his majesty.

Your Lordship's most obliged friend,

and faithful servant,

May 6, 1619. FR. VfiRULAM, Cane.

Indorsed,

Sent by Sir Gilbert Hougbton.

To the Marquis of BUCKINGHAM.

Mi) very good Lord,

I AM much bounden to his majesty, and likewise
to your lordship. I see, by the late accesses I have
had with his majesty, and now by his royal and real
favour (#), that he loveth me, and acknowledged me
for the servant I am, or desire to be. This in me
must turn to a great alacrity to honour and serve him
with a mind less troubled and divided. And for your
lordship, my affection may and doth daily receive
,- addition, but cannot, nor never could, receive altera-
tion. I pray present my humble thanks to his ma-
jesty; and 1 am very glad his health confirmeth ; and

(«) Probably the grant made to him about this time of 1 2001.
a year.

Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon. ,

I hope to see him this summer at Gorhambury : there
is sweet air as any is. God preserve and prosper
you both. I ever rest

Your Lordship's most obliged friend

and faithful servant,
May 9, 1619. FR. VERULAM, Cane.

Minute of a Letter to the Count PALATINE of

the Rhine.
Monseigneur,

JE me tiens a grand honneur, qu'il plaise a vostre
altesse de me cognoistre pour tel, que je suis, ou pour
le moins voudrois estre, envers vous et vostre service :
et m'estimeray heureux, si par mes conseils aupres du
roy, ou autre devoir, je pourroy contribuer a vostre
grandeur, dont il semble que Dieu vous a basti de
belles occasions, ayant en contemplation vostre tres-
illustre personne, non seulement com me tres cher allie
de mon maistre, mais aussi, comme le meilleur appui,
apres les roys de Grande Bretagne, de la plus saine
partie de la Chrestienete.

Je ne puis aussi passer sous silence la grande
raison, que vostre altesse fait a vostre propre honneur
en choissistant tels conseilleurs et ministres d'estat,
comme se monstre tres-bien estre monsieur le baron
de Dhona et Monsieur de Plessen, estants personages
si graves, discretes et habiles ; en quoy vostre juge-
ment reluict assez.

Vostre altesse de vostre grace excusera la faulte de
mon language Fra^ois, ayant este tant verse es vielles
loix de Normandie : mais le cceur supplera la plume,
en priant Dieu de vous tenir en sa digne et saincte
garde,

Monseigneur,

De vostre altesse le plus humble
et plus affcctionnc servitenr.

Indorsed, May 13, 1619,

222 Letters, etc. of Lord CJutncdlor Bacon.

To the Lord CHANCELLOR (a).
Mij honourable Lord,

HIS majesty was pleased, at the suit of some who
have near relation unto me, to grant a licence for
transportation of butter out of Wales, unto one Lewis
and Williams ; who, in consideration that the patent
should be passed in their names, entered into .articles
for the performance of certain conditions agreed upon
between them, which, now that the patent is under
the great seal, they utterly refuse to perform. My
desire therefore to your lordship is, that you would
call the said Lewis and Williams before you, with the
other parties, or some of them, who shall be ready at
all times to attend your lordship; and out of your
consideration of the matter, according to equity, to
take such course therein, that either the said agree-
ment may be performed, or that they which refuse it
may receive no benefit of the patent which upon rea-
son thereof was passed in their names. And herein
I desire your lordship to make what expedition you
can ; because now is the season to make provision of
the butter, that for this year is to be transported,
whereof they take advantage to stand out. And so I
rest

Your Lordship's faithful friend and servant,

Greenwich, May 14, 1619. G. BUCKINGHAM.

.

To the Marquis of BUCKINGHAM.

My very good Lord,

THOUGH it be nothing, and all is but duty; ye*
I pray shew his majesty the paper inclosed, that his
majesty may see how careful his poor servant is upon
every emergent occasion to do him what honour he

(«) Harl, MSS, Vol. 7006.

Letters etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon*

can. The motion made in court by the king's serjeant,
Crew (tf), that the declaration might be made parcel
of the record, and that I hear otherwise of the great
satisfaction abroad, encourageth me to let his majesty
know what passed.

God ever preserve and prosper you both.

Your Lordship's obliged friend

and faithful servant,
FR. VERULAM, Cane.

Indorsed June 29, 1619.

My lord to my lord marquis, inclosing the form of a
declaration used in point of acknowledgment in the
lady Exeter's (b) cause.

To the Marquis of BUCKINGHAM.

My very good Lord,

I PURPOSED to have seen you to-day, and re-
ceive your commandments before the progress. But
I came not to London till it was late, aad found you
were gone before I came. Nevertheless I would not
fail to let your lordship understand, that as I find every
day more and more occasions, whereby you bind me
to you; so this morning the king of himself did tell
tne some testimony, that your lordship gave of me to
his majesty even now, when you went from him, of so
great affection and commendation, for I must ascribe
your commendation to affection, being above my me-
rit, as I must do contrary to that that painters do ; for
they desire to make the picture to the life, and I must
endeavour to make the life to the picture, it hath
pleased you to make so honourable a description of
me. I can be but yours, and desire to better myself,
that I may be of more worth to such an owner.

(a) Sir Randolph Crew, made chief justice of the King's Bench,
January 26, 1624.

(£) Countess of Exeter, accused of incest and other crimes by the
lady Lake, wife of secretary Lake, and their daughter the lady Roos.

•224- Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacoit.

I hope to give the king a good account of my time
tin's vacation.

If your lordship pass back by London, I desire to
wait on you, and discourse a little with you ; if not,
my prayers shall go progress with you, and my letters
attend you, as occasion serveth.

God ever preserve and prosper you.

Your Lordship's most obliged friend

and faithful servant,
July 19, 161 9. FR. VERULAM, Cane.

To the Marquis of BUCKINGHAM.

My very good Lord,

THIS day, according to the first appointment, I
thought to have waited upon his majesty, and to have
given him an account of my cares and preparations for
his service, which is my progress. And therefore,
since his coming to Windsor is prolonged, I thought
to keep day by letter, praying your lordship to com-
mend my most humble service to his majesty, and to
let him know, that since I see his majesty doth me the
honour, as to rely upon my care and service, I lose
no time in that which may pertain thereunto. I see
the straits, and I see the way out ; and what lieth in
one man, whom he hath made great, and trained,
shall not be wanting. And I hope, if God give me
life for a year or two, to give his majesty cause to
think of me seven years after lam dead.

I am glad the time approacheth, when I shall have
the happiness to kiss his majesty's hands, and to em-
brace your lordship, ever resting

Tour Lordship's most obliged friend

and faithful servant,
York-house, August 23, 1619. FR. VfiRULAM, Cane.

Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon. 225

%

To the Lord CHANCELLOR (a}.
My honourable Lord,

HIS majesty, upon a petition delivered by Mr.
Thomas Digby, wherein he complaineth of great
wrongs done unto him, hath been pleased, for his
more speedy relief and redress, if it prove as he al-
Jedgeth, to refer the consideration thereof unto your
Ior4ship. And because he is a gentleman, whom I
have long known and loved, I could not but add my
desire to your lordship, that, if you find he hath been
wronged, you would do him so much favour, as to give
him such remedy, as the equity of his case may re-
quire. For which I will ever rest

Your Lordship's faithful friend and servant,

Royston, Octob. 8, 1619. G. BUCKINGHAM.

To the Lord CHANCELLOR (/>),

My honourable Lord,

I HAVE acquainted his majesty with your letter,
who hath given order to Mr. Secretary Calvert, to sig-
nify his pleasure for the proceeding in that business,
whereof you write, without any farther delay, as your
lordship will more fully understand by Mr. Secretary,
who for that purpose is to return to London against the
day of hearing.

I have no answer to make to your former letter, and
will add no more to this, but that his majesty hath a

freat confidence in your care of his service. And so
rest

Your Lordship's faithful friend and servant,

Royston,Oct. 10, 1619. G. BUCKINGHAM.

Indorsed,

Shewing his majesty's acceptation of your lordship's
care, in particular in the business against the earl
of Suffolk.

(a) Harl. MSS. Vol. 7006. (1} Ibid.

VOL. VI. Q

226 Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

To the Marquis of BUCKINGHAM.

My very good Lord,

AFTER my last letter yesterday, we entered into
conference, touching the Suffolk cause, myself, and
the commissioners, and the two chief justices (a). The
fruit of this conference is, that we all conceive the
proceedings against my lord himself to be not
only just and honourable, but in some principal parts
plausible in regard of the public ; as namely, those
three points, which touch upon the ordnance, the army
of Ireland, and the money of the cautionary towns j
and the two chief justices are firm in it.

I did also, in this cause, by the assent of my lords,
remove a part ; for Mr. Attorney had laid it upon
serjeant Davies (b) to open the information, which
is that which gives much life or coldness to the cause.
But I will have none but trained men in this cause ;
and I cannot forget, that the allotting of the opening
of the information in this cause of the Dutch, I mean
the main cause, to a mean fellow, one Hughes, did
hurt, and was never well recovered.

By my next I will write of the king's estate : and I
ever rest

Your Lordship's most obliged friend

andjaithful servant,

October 14, 1619. FR. VERULAM, CailC.

(a] Sir Henry Montagu . of the King's Bench, and Sir Henry
Hobart of the Common Pleas.

(b} Sir John Davies, author of Noscc teipsum, knighted in February,
1607-8, and made serjeant at law in 1612. He had been attorney
general of Ireland.

Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon* 227

To the Marquis of BUCKINGHAM.
My very good Lord,

THIS morning the Duke (a) came to me, and
told me the king's cause was yesterday left fair; and
if ever there were a time for my lord of Suffolk's
submission, it was now; and that, if my lord of Suf-
folk should come into the court, and openly acknow-
ledge his delinquency, he thought it was a thing
considerable. My answer was, 1 would not meddle
in it; and if I did, it must be to dissuade any such
course; for that all would be but a play upon the
stage, if justice went not on the right course. This I
thought it my duty to let the king know by your
lordship.

I cannot express the care I have had of this cause
in a number of circumstances and discretions, which
though they may seem but small matters, yet they
do the business, and guide it right.

God ever keep your lordship.

Your Lordship's most obliged friend

and faithful servant,

October 21, 1619. FR. VERULAM, CanC.

To the Marquis of BUCKINGHAM.
My very good Lord9

I AM doubly bounden to the king, for his ma-
jesty's trust and acceptation ; whereof the one I will
never deceive ; the other, though I cannot deserve,
yet I will do my best, and perhaps as much as another
man.

This day the evidence went well ; for the Solicitor
(b) did his part substantially : and, a little to warm

(«) Lodowick, duke of Lenox, He was created duke of Rich-
mond, May 17, 1623 ; and died February 1 1, 162J.

(/;) Sir Thomas Coventry, afterwards lord keeper of the great
seal.

Q 2

Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

the business, when the misemployment of treasure,
which had relation to the army of Ireland wras han-
dled, I spake a word, that he tnat did draw or milk
treasure from Ireland, did not emulgere — milk money,
but blood. But this is but one of the little things that
I wrote of before.

The king, under pardon, must come hither with two
resolutions : the one, to remit all importunity touch-
ing this cause, to the lords in court of justice; the
other, to pursue the designs first taken at Windsor,
and then at Hampton Court, for his commission of
treasury : wherein 1 do rny part, and it is reasonably
well ; but better would it be, if instruments were not
impediments. I ever rest

Your Lordship's most obliged friend

and faithful servant,
October 27, Wednesday. FR. VERULAM, Cane.

Friday will not end the business; for to-morrow
will but go through with the king's evidence.

To the Lord CHANCELLOR (a).

My honourable Lord,

THIS bearer, a Frenchman belonging to the am-
bassador, having put an Englishman in suit for some1
matters between them, is much hindered and mo-
lested by often removing of the cause from one court
to another. Your lordship knows, that the French
are not acquainted with our manner of proceedings in
the law, and must therefore be ignorant of the remedy in
such a case. His course was to his majesty ; but I
thought it more proper, that your lordship would be
pleased to hear and understand this case from himself,
and then to advise and take order for his relief, as your

(a) Harl.MSS. Vol.7006.

Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon. 229

iordship in your wisdom shall think fit. So com-
mending him to your honourable favour, I rest

Your Lordship's faithful friend and servant,

Royston, 27th of October, 1619. G. BUCKINGHAM.

Your lordship shall do well to be informed of every
particular, because his majesty will have account of it
at his coming.

To the Lord CHANCELLOR (a).

Mi) honourable Lord,

I HAVE acquainted his majesty with your letter,
who commanded me to give your lordship thanks for
your speed in advertising those things that pass, and
for the great care he seeth you ever have of his ser-
vice.

I send your lordship back the bill of sheriffs for Sus-
sex, wherein his majesty hath pricked the first, as your
lordship wished.

His majesty would not have you omit this opportu-
nity of so gross an oversight in the judges, to admonish
them of their negligence in suffering such a thing to
come to his majesty, which needed his amending
afterward: and withal, to let them know, that his
majesty observeth, that every year they grow more
and more careless of presenting fit men unto him for
that place ; and that you advise them to be more
wary hereafter, that they may give his majesty better
satisfaction. And so I rest

Your Lordship's faithful friend and servant,
Royston, November 14, 1619. G. BUCKINGHAM.

(a) Harl. MSS. Vol. 7006.

250 Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

To the Marquis of BUCKINGHAM.
My very gbod Lord,

THIS day afternoon, upon our meeting in council,
we have planned those rubs and knots, which were
mentioned in my last, whereof I thought good pre-
sently to advertise his majesty. The days hold with-
out all question, and all delays diverted and quieted.

Sir Edward Coke was at Friday's hearing, but in
his night-cap ; and complained to me, he was ambu-
lant, and not current. I would be sorry he should
fail us in this cause. Therefore I desired his majesty
to signify to him by your lordship, taking knowledge
of some light indisposition of his, how much he
should think his service disadvantaged in this cause,
if he should be at any day away ; for then he cannot
sentence.

By my next I will give his majesty some account of
the tobacco and the currants. I ever rest

Your Lordship's most obliged friend

and faithful servant,
November 20, at evening, 1619. FR. VfiRULAM, Ca?lC.

To the Marquis of BUCKINGHAM.
My very good Lord,

I KNOW well his majesty taketh to heart this
business of the Dutch (a), as he hath great reason, in
respect both of honour and profit. And because my
first letter was written in the epitasis, or trouble of
the business ; and my second in the beginning of the
catastrophe, or calming thereof, wherein nevertheless
I was fain to bear up strongly into the \veather before
the calm followed ; and since every day hath been

(a) Merchants, accused in the Star-Chamber for exporting the
gold and silver coin.

Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon. 23 1

better and better, I thought good to signify so much,
that his majesty may be less in suspence.

The great labour was to get entrance into the busi-
ness ; but now the portcullis is drawn up. And
though, I must say, there were some blots in the
table's, yet, by well playing, the game is good.

Rowland is passing well justified ; for both his credit
is, by very constant and weighty testimony, proved ; and
those vast quantities, which were thought incredible,
or at least improbable, are now made manifest truth.

Yet I find a little of the old leaven towards the first
defendants, carried in this style and character : " I
" would this that appears now had appeared at first.
" But this cometh of haste and precipitation ;" and
the like. But yet, I hope, the corruption and practice
upon the ore tenus, and the rectifying of Rowland's
credit, will satisfy my lords upon the former proofs.
For I would be very sorry, that these new defendants,
which, except one or two, are the smaller flies, should
be in the net ; and the old defendants, which are the
greater flies, should get through. God preserve you.

Your Lordship's most obliged friend

andfaitJiful servant>

This November 26, 1619. I?R. VERULAM, Cane.

Indorsed,

Touching the Dutch business.

To the Lord CHANCELLOR (a).

My honourable Lord,

I DO, from time to time, acquaint his majesty with
your letters, wherein he ever perceiveth your vigilant
care in any thing that concerneth his service; and
hath commanded me to give you thanks in his name,
who is sure your endeavours will never be wanting,

(a) Harl. MSS. Vol. 7006.

232 Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

when any thing is to be done for the advancement
of his affairs.

According to your lordship's advice, his majesty
hath written to the commissioners of the treasury,
both touching the currants and the tobacco (6), the
plantation whereof his majesty is fully resolved to re-
strain; and hath given them order forth-with to set
out a proclamation to that effect ; not intending in
that point to stand upon any doubt of law, nor to
expect the judges interpretation; nor to allow any
freehold in that case ; but holding this the safest rule,
Salus reipublictf suprema lex esto. And so I rest

Your Lords! tip's faithful friend and servant,
Newmarket Nov. 27, 1619. G. BUCKINGHAM.

To the Lord CHANCELLOR (c].

My honourable Lord,

I HAVE presented both the submissions to his
majesty. His answer is, he cannot alter that, which
was allowed of by the lords of the last Star-Chamber-
day, except first they be acquainted with it, and
the consent of the lady Exeter be likewise had, be-
cause the decree doth necessarily require it. So
I rest;

Your Lordship's humble servant,

G. BUCKINGHAM.

Indorsed,

Touching the submissions of Sir Thomas Lake and

his lady.

(6) Lord Bacon, in his letter of November 22, 1619, mentions,
that there was offered 20001. increase yearly tor the tobacco, to
begin at r\,ichaelmas, as it now is, and 50001. increase, if the
plantations here within land be restrained.

(c) Harl. MSS. Vol. 7006.

Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon. 233

To the Marquis of BUCKINGHAM.

My very good Lord,

I ACQUAINTED this day the bearer with his
majesty's pleasure touching Lake's (a) submission;
which, whether it should be done in person, or in
writing, his majesty signified his will thus, that it
should be spared in open court, if my lady of Exe-
ter should consent, and the board think fit. The
board liked it well, and appointed my lord Digby and
secretary Cal vert to speak with my lady, who returned
her answer in substance, that she would, in this and
all things, be commanded by his majesty : but if his
majesty left it to her liberty and election, she humbly
prayed to be excused. And though it was told her,
that this answer would be cause, that it could not be
performed this term ; yet she seemed willing rather
it should be delayed, than dispensed with.

This day, also Traske (£), in open court, made a
retractation of his wicked opinions in writing. The
form was as good as may be. I declared to him,

(«) Sir Thomas Lake's.

(b) John Traske, a minister, who was prosecuted in the Star-
Chamber tor maintaining, as we find mentioned in the Report? of the
lord chief justice Hobart, p. 236, that the Jewish Sabbath ought to
be observed, and not ours ; and that we ought to abstain front all
manner of swines flesh, and those meats which the Jews were for-
bidden in Leviticus, according to bishop Andrews, in his speech, in
the Star-Chamber on that occasion, printed among his lordship's
works. Mr. Traske being examined in that court, confessed, that
he had divulged those opinions, and had laboured to bring as many to
them as he could ; and had also written a letter to the king, wherein
he seemed to tax his majesty with hypocrisy, and expressly in-
veighed against the bishops high commissioners, as bloody and cruel
in their proceedings against him and a pnpal clergy. He was sen-
tenced to fine and imprisonment, not for holding those opinions, for
those were examinable in the Ecclesiastical Court, and not there, but
for making of conventicles and commotions, and for scandalizing the
king, the bishops, and clergy. Dr. Fuller, in his Church Hhtory of
Britain, Book X. p. 77. § 64-. mentions his having heard Mr. Traske
preach, and remarks, that his voice had more strength than any thing else
he delivered; and that after his recantation he relapsed, not into the
same, but other opinions, rather humorous than hurtful, and died
obscurely at Lambeth in the reign of king Charles I.

234 Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

that this court was the judgment-seat; the mercy-
seat was his majesty : but the court would commend
him to his majesty : and I humbly pray his majesty
to signify his pleasure speedily, because of the misery
of the man ; and it is a rare thing for a sectary,
that hath once suffered smart and shame, to turn so
unfeignedly, as he seemed to do.
God ever bless and keep you.

Your most obliged friend and faithful servant,
December 1, 1619. Fll. VfiRULAM, CailC.

To the Marquis of BUCKINGHAM.

My very good Lord,

ON Friday I left London, to hide myself at Kew ;
for two months and a half together to be strong-bent
is too much for my bow. And yet, that the king
may perceive, that in my times of leisure I am not
idle, I took down with me Sir Giles Mompesson («),
and with him I have quietly conferred of that pro-
position which was given me in charge by his ma-
jesty, and after seconded by your lordship. Wherein
I find some things I like very well, and some other
that I would set by. And one thing is much to my
liking, that the proposition for bringing in his ma-
jesty's revenue with small charge is no invention, but
was on foot heretofore in king Philip's and queen
Mary's time, and had a grave and mighty opinion
for it. The rest I leave to his relation, and mine
own attendance.

I hope his majesty will look to it, that the fines
now to come in may do him most good. Both causes
produce fines of one hundred and fourscore thousand

(a) Who in the parliament, which began January 30, 1620-1,
was sentenced to be degraded and rendered incapable of bearing any
ofticc, for practising several abuses, in setting up new inns and ale-
houses, and exacting great sums of money of the people, by pre-
tence of letters patents granted him for that purpose. But he fled
into foreign parts, finding himself abandoned by the marquis of
Buckingham, on whom he had depended for protection,

Letter -s, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon. 235

%

pounds, whereof one hundred thousand may clear the
anticipations, and then the assignations may pass
under the great seal, to be inrollable ; so as we shall
need to think of nothing but the arrears in a man-
ner, of which I wish the 20,0001. to the strangers,
with the interest, be presently satisfied. The remain
may serve for the king's present and urgent occasions.
And if the king intend any gifts, let them stay for
the second course, for all is not yet done, but nothing
out of these, except the king should give me the
20,0001. 1 owe Peter Vanlore out of his fine, which is
the chief debt I owe. But this I speak merrily.
I ever rest

Your Lordship's most obliged friend

and faithful servant,
Kevv Decem. 12, 1619. FR. VfiRULAM, Cane.

After I had written this letter, I received from your
Jordship, by my servant, his majesty's acceptation of
my poor services; for which I pray your lordship to
present to his majesty my most humble thanks. I have
now other things in my mind for his majesty's ser-
vice, that no time be lost.

To the Lord CHANCELLOR (a).

My honourable Lord,

HIS majesty hath been pleased, out of his gracious
care of Sir Robert Killigrew, to refer a suit of his,
for certain concealed lands, to your lordship and the
rest of the commissioners for the treasury; the like
whereof hath been heretofore granted to many others.
My desire to your lordship is, that he being a gen-
tleman, whom I love and wish very well unto, your
lordship would shew him, for my sake, all the favour
you can, in furthering his suit. Wherein your lord-
ship shall do me a courtesy, for which I will ever rest

Your Lordship's faithful friend and servant,

Royston, December 25, 1619. G. BUCKINGHAM,

(«) Hjurl. MSS. Vol. 70Q6.

236 Letters, etc. of Lord Ch ancdlor Bacon*

To the Lord CHANCELLOR (a).
My honourable Lord,

I HAVE acquainted his majesty with your letter,
who for that business, whereof Mr. Chancellor of the
exchequer brought the message to his majesty to The-
obalds, returned the answer by him.

As for that, whereof Sir Giles Mompesson spake
to your lordship, his majesty liketh very well, and so
do all others, with whom his majesty hath spoken of
it ; and therefore he recommendeth it to your care,
not doubting but your lordship will give all your fur-
therance to it, being your own work, and so much
concerning his majesty's honour and profit; and will
speak farther with your lordship of it at his return
to London.

For those other businesses of the Star-Chamber,
which his majesty hath recommended to your lord-
ship, he hopeth you will keep the clock still going,
his profit being so much interested therein, especially
seeing Mr. Chancellor of the exchequer (b] hath pro-
mised his majesty, that he will be no more sick,
whereby you shall have this comfort, that the burden
will not lie upon your lordship alone.

The little leisure I had at Theobalds made me bring
your man down hither for this answer, which I hope
your lordship will excuse; and ever hold me for

Your Lordship' s faithful friend and servant,

Royston, Jan. 19. G. BUCKINGHAM.

Indorsed, 1619,

(a) Harl. MSS. Vol. 7006.

(/;) Sir Fulke Greville, who surrendered that office in September,
1621, being succeeded in it by Sir Richard Weston. He had been
created lord Brooke of Beauchamp's Court, Jan. 9, 1620-K

Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

%

To the Marquis of BUCKINGHA M.

My very good Lord,

IN the midst of business, as in the midst of a way,
one should not stay long, especially when I crave no
direction, but only advertise.

This day we met about the commission, the common-
wealth's commission, for the poor and vagabonds, &c.
We have put it into an exceeding good way, and
have appointed meetings once in fourteen days, be-
cause it shall not be a-slack. I was glad to hear
from the two chief justices, that whatsoever appears
in the country to come from primum mobile, that is, the
king's care, works better than if it came from the law.
Therefore we have ordered, that this commission shall
be published in the several circuits in the charges of
the judges. For the rest hereafter.

For the proposition of Sir Giles Mompesson, we
have met once. Exchequer-men will be exchequer-
men still -, but we shall do good.

For the account, or rather imparting, of the com-
missioners of treasury to the council, i think it will
but end in a compliment. But the real care, and I
hope good purpose, I will not give over, the better
because I am not alone.

For the Star-Chamber business, I shall, as you
write, keep the clock on going, which is hard to do,
when sometimes the wheels are too many, and some-
times too few. But we shall do well, especially if
those, whom the king hath hitherto made bond-men
(I mean, which have given bonds for their fines) he
do not hereafter make free-men.

For Suffolk's business it is a little strange, that the
attorney made it a question to the commissioners of
treasury, whether Suffolk should not be admitted to
the lease of the extent of his own land, which is
the way to encourage him not to pay his fine. But
when it was told him, that the contrary course was
held with the earl of Northumberland, and that

238 Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

thereby he was brought to agree for his fine; then he
turned, as his manner is.

For the errors, we have yet so much use of the
service of Sir Henry Britten in bringing in the fines,
indeed more than of the attorney, as, we cannot,
without prejudice to his majesty's service, enter yet
into them ; and besides, Sir Edward Coke comes not
abroad.

Mr. Kirkham hath communicated with me, as
matter of profit to his majesty, upon the coals referred
by his majesty to us of the treasury, wherein I hope
we shall do good, the rather, because I am not
alone.

The proclamation for light gold, Mr. Secretary
Calvert, I know hath sent to his majesty ; and there-
fore of that I say no more.

For the raising of silver by ordinance, and not by
proclamation, and that for the time to come, we have
given order to finish it. I hear a whispering, that
thereupon the commissioners of the navy, the officers
of the houshold, the wardrobe, may take occasion to
break the book and the undertakings, because the
prices may rise, which I thought good to signify to
his majesty. And to speak plainly, I fear more the
pretence, than the natural effect. God evermore pre-
serve your lordship. I rest

Your lordship's most obliged friend,

and faithful servant,

Jan. 20, 1619. FR. VERULAM, CailC\

To the Lord CHANCELLOR (#).

My honourable Lord,

I HAVE acquainted his majesty with your letter,
who is very well pleased' therewith, finding in you a
continual care of his service. In that point of the Star*

(«) Harl. MSS. Vol. 7006.

Letters., etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon. 239

Chamber business, his majesty saith, there is a mis-
taking ; for he meant not the Dutchmens' business, but
that motion, which your lordship made unto him, of
sitting in the Star-Chamber about the commissions,
which he had not leisure to read till he came down to
Royston, and hath reason to give you thanks for it, de-
siring you to prepare it, and study the point, of
which he will speak more with you at his return to
London, being a matter worthy your thinking on, and
his majesty's practice.

For the last point of your letter, his majesty saith,
it cannot but proceed of malice, that there should be
any such plot, which he will not endure, but he will
account those, that whisper of it in that sort, ene-
mies of his service ; and will put them out of their
places, that practice it. And so I rest

Your lordship's faithful friend and servant^

Newmarket, Jan. 22, 1619. G. BUCKINGHAM.

To Mr. Secretary CALVERT (a). *

Mr. Secretary,

I HAVE received your letter of the 3d of this
present, signifying his majesty's pleasure touching
Peacock's (b) examinations, of which I will have
special care.

My lord Coke is come to town, and hath sent
me word, he will be with me on Monday, though
he be somewhat lame. Howsoever, the service shall
be done.

I was made acquainted, by your letter to secretary
Naunton, with his majesty's dislike of the sending to
him of the jolly letter horn Zealand. I will now
speak for myself, that, when it was received, I turned

(«) Harl, MSS. Vol. 7006.

(b) He was a minister of the University of Cambridge. He was
committed to the Tower, for pretending that he had, by sorcery, in-
fatuated the king's judgment in the cause of Sir Thomas take,
Camd, AnnaL Regis Jacob* 1. p. 54-.

240 Letters etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

to the master of the Wards (c), and said, " Well, I
" think you and I shall ever advise the king to do
cc more for a Burlamachi, when he seeketh to his ma-
" jesty by supplication and supplying the king at the
" first word, than for all the rest upon any bravados
" from the Burgo-masters of Holland and Zea-
" land ;" Who answered very honestly, that it was in
the king's power to make them alter their style when
he would. But when another of us said, we could
not but in our own discharge send the king the letter,
scilicet negandiun non fitit; though indeed my way
is otherwise.

I have at last recovered from these companions,
Harrison and Dale, a copy of my lord of Bangor's
(d) book, the great one, and will presently set in
hand the examinations. God keep you.

Your assured friend,
Feb. 5, 1512. FR. VERULAM, Cane.

To the KING.

May it please your Majesty,

SIR Edward Coke is now a-foot, and, according
to your command, signified by Mr. secretary Cal-
vert, we proceed in Peacock's examinations. For
although there have been very good diligence used,
yet certainly we are not at the bottom ; and he,
that would not use the utmost of his line to sound
such a business as this, should not have due regard,
neither to your majesty's honour nor safety.

(c] Sir Lionel Cranfield.

( d ) Dr. Lewis Bayly, born at Caermarthen, in Wales, and edu-
cated in Exeter College, Oxford. He had been minister of Evesham,
in Worcestershire, and chaplain to prince Henry, and rector of
St. Matthew's, Friday-street, in London. He was promoted to the
bishopric! of Bangor in 1616. On the 15th of July, 1621, he was
committed to the Fleet, but on what account is not related by
Camden, Anrutles Regis Jacobi I. p. 72. who mentions the circum-
stance of the bishop's imprisonment ; but that he was soon after set
at liberty. He was the author of the well-known book, the Practice

Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon. 241

A

A man would think be were in Luke Hutton's cas£
again ; for as my lady Roos personated Luke Hutton,
so, it seemeth, Peacock personateth Atkins. But I make
no judgment yet, but will go on with all diligence:
and, if it may not be done otherwise, it is fit Peacock
be put to torture. He deserveth it as well as
Peacham did.

I beseech your majesty not to think I am more bit-
ter, because my name is in it ; for, besides that I
always make my particular a cypher, when there is
question of your majesty's honour and service, I think
myself honoured for being brought into so good com-
pany. And as, without flattery, I think your majesty
the best of kings, and my noble lord of Buckingham
the best of persons favoured ; so I hope, without pre-
sumption, for my honest and true intentions to state
andjustice, and my love to my master, I am not the
worst of chancellors.

God ever preserve your majesty.

Your Majesty's most obliged

and most obedient servant,

Feb' 10, 1619. FR. VfiRULAM, CdllC.

To the Lord CHANCELLOR.

Most honoured Lord,

I PRESUME, now after term, if there be any such
thing as an after-term with your lordship, to offer
this inclosed paper (a] to your sight, concerning
the duke of Lerma ; which, if your lordship have
not already read, will not, I think, be altogether
unpleasing, because it is full of particular circum-
stances. I know not how commonly it passeth up
and down more or less. My friend, Mr. Gage, sent
it me lately out of Spain. But howsoever I build upon

(«) I have, out of a ragged band in Spanish, translated it, and
accompanied it with some marginal notes, ior your lordship's greater
ease. Note of Mr. Matthew.

VOL. VI. R

242 Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

a sure ground ; for though it should be vulgar, yet for
my desire to serve your lordship, I cannot demerit so
much, as not to deserve a pardon at your lordship's
most noble hand.

Before the departure of the duke of Lerma from that
court, there was written upon the gate for a pas-
quinade, that the house was governed pw el Padre, yd
Hijo,y un Santo ; as in Paris about the same time was
written upon the Louvre-Gate, C'est icy r hostel des
troys Roys ; for Luynes's brother is almost as great as
himself. But the while there is good store of kings
now in Christendom, though there be one fewer than
there was.

In Spain there are very extraordinary prepara-
tions for a great armada. Here is lately in this
court a current speech, as that the enterprise,
whatsoever it should have been, is laid wholly aside:
but that were strange. Yet this is certain, that the
forces of men, to the number of almost two thousand,
which were to have gone into Spain from hence, are
discharged, together with some munition, which
was also upon the point of being sent. Another thing
is also certain, that both in the court of Spain and this,
there is at this time a strange straitness of money ;
which I do not conceive, for my part, to proceed so
much from want, as design to employ it. The ren-
dezvous, where the forces were to meet, was at Ma-
laga within the straits ; which makes the enterprise
upon Algiers most likely to be intended. For I take
that to be a wild conceit, which thinks of going by
the Adriatic per far in un Viuggio duo I servitii ; as
the giving a blow 'to Venice, and the landing of
forces in aid of the King of Bohemia about Trieste.

Perhaps the king of Spain would be glad to let the
world see, that now he is hors de paye ; and by shew-
ing himself in some action, to intitle the duke of Ler-
ma to all his former sloth ; or perhaps he now makes
a great preparation, upon the pretence of some enter-
prise, that he will let fall, that so he may with the
less noise assemble great forces some other year, for
some other attempt not spoken of now.

Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon. 243

My lord Compton (b) is in this court, and goes
shortly towards Italy. His fashion is sweet, and his
disposition noble, and his conversation fair and
honest.

Diego, my lord Roos's man, is come hither. 1 pray
God it be to do me any good towards the recovery of
the debt his lord owes me.

Most honoured lord, I am here at good leisure to
look back upon your lordship's great and noble good-
ness towards me, which may go for a great example
in this age; and so it doth. That, which I am sure
of, is, that my poor heart, such as it is, doth not only
beat, but even boil in the desires it hath to do your
lordship all humble service.

I crave leave, though it be against good manners,
that I may ever present my humblest service to my
most honoured lady, my lady Verulam, and lady Con-
stable, with my best respects to my dear friend, Sir
John Constable ; who, if your lordship want the lei-
sure, would perhaps cast an eye upon the inclosed
paper.

I do, with more confidence, presume to address
this other letter to Mr. Meautys, because the contents
thereof concern your lordship's service.

I beseech sweet Jesus to make and keep your lord-
ship intirely happy. So I humbly do you reverence,
remaining ever

Your Lordship's most obliged servant,

TOBIE MATTHEW.

POST. I should be glad to receive some of your
lordship's philosophical labours, if your lordship
could so think fit. I do now receive a letter from the
Conde de Gondomar, who, thinking that it should
find me in England, saith thus : Beso las manos mil vezes
a mi sennor, dscnnor Gran Chancilor, con my cor aeon;

(b) Spencer, lord Compton, only son of William, earl of Nor-
thampton. This nobleman, who succeeded his father in his title and
estate, in June 1630, was killed at Hopton-Heath, near Stafford, on
Sunday, March 19, 164-2-3, fighting tor King Charles I.

R 2

2T4-I Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

como estoy en su buena gratia. The empress is dead
long since, and the emperor is so sickly, or rather so
sick, that they forbear to bury her with solemnity, as
conceiving, that he will save charge by dying shortly.
They say here, that the business of Bohemia is grow-
ing towards an end by composition*

Brussels, this 14-th of Feb. 1619.

To the Marquis of BUCKINGHAM.

My very good Lord,

FOR the services committed to Sir Lionel Cran-
field, after his majesty hath spoken with him, I shall
attend and follow his majesty's pleasure and directions,
and yield my best care, advice, and endeavour for per-
formance.

In the pretermitted duty I have some profit, and
more was to have had if queen Anne had lived.
Wherefore I shall become an humble suitor to his
majesty, that I may become no loser, specially seeing
the business had been may a time and oft quite over-
thrown, if it had not been upheld only, or chiefly, by
myself; so that whatsoever service hath been since
done, is upon my foundation.

Mr. Attorney (a) groweth pretty pert with me of
late ; and I see well who they are that maintain him.
But be they flies, or be they wasps, I neither care for
buzzies nor stings, most especially in any thing, that
concerneth my duty to his majesty, or my love to your
lordship.

I forgot not, in my public charge, the last Star-
Chamber-day, to publish his majesty's honour for his
late commission for the relief of the poor, and suppres-
sing vagabonds ; as also his gracious intention touch-
ing informers, which, I perceive, was received with
much applause. That of projectors I spake not of,
because it is not yet ripe, neither doth it concern the

(a) Sir Henry Yeiverton.

Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacqn.

execution of any law, for which my speech was
proper. God ever preserve and prosper you.

Your Lordship's most obliged friend,

and faithful servant,
February 17, 1619. FR. VERULAM, Cane.

To the Marquis of BUCKINGHAM.

Mi) very good Lord,

I SEND, by post, this sealed packet, containing
my lord of Suffolk's answer in the Star-Chamber. I
received it this evening at six of the clock, by the
hands of the master of the Rolls (a), sealed as it is
with my lord of Suffolk's seal, and the master's of the
Rolls. But neither I, nor the master of the Rolls,
know what is in it ; but it cometh first to his ma-
jesty's sight. Only I did direct, that because the au-
thentic copy, unto which my lord is sworn, according
to the course of the court, is not so fit for his majesty's
reading, my lord of Suffolk should send withal a paper
copy, which his majesty might read with less trouble.

My lady Suffolk is so ill of the small-pox, as she is
not yet fit to make any answer.

Bingley's (b) answer is come in, a long one ; and, as
I perceive, with some things impertinent, yea, and
unfit! Of that I confer with Mr. Solicitor (c) to-mor-
row ; and then I will farther advertise your lordship.

God ever preserve and prosper you.

Your Lordship's most obliged friend,

and faithful servant,

York-house, this 23d of Feb. I 619, FR. VfcRULAM, Cane.

at 9 of' the clock [1619-20.]

(a) Sir Julias Caesar. (/;) Sir John Bingley's.

(c) Sir Thomas Coventry.

246 Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

To the Lord CHANCELLOR.

Most honoured Lord,

I DO even now receive this letter from the Conde
de Gondomar, with direction I should send it, since
I am not there to deliver it, to Mr. Wyche, that so he
may present it to your lordship's hand at such time,
as it may be of most use to him. He commands me
besides, that for his sake I should become a humble
solicitor to your lordship for this friend of his , which I
presume to do the more willingly, because this party
is a great friend of mine, and so are also many of his
friends my friends. Besides he wills me to represent
his great thanks to your lordship, for the just favours
you have been pleased to vouchsafe to Mr. Wyche
already, the rather in contemplation of the Conde,
as he hath been informed. And if in the company,
or rather in the attendance, of so great an intercessor*
it be not an unpardonable kind of ill manners to in-
trude myself, I presume to cast myself at your lord-
ship's feet, with protestation, that I shall be very
particularly bound to your lordship's goodness for any
favour, with justice, that he shall obtain.

I beseech Jesus keep your lordship ever intirely
happy , and so doing all humble reverence, I take
leave,

Your Lordship's most humble

and most obliged servant ,

Brussels,
this 26th of Feb. 1619. ToBlE

To the Lord CHANCELLOR (a),
My honourable Lord,

UNDERSTANDING, that there hath been a long
and tedious suit depending in the chancery between
Robert D'Oyley and his wife, plaintiffs, and Leonard

(a) Harl. MSS. Vol. 7006.

Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon. 247

Lovace, defendant ; which cause hath been hereto-
fore ended by award, but is now revived again, and
was, in Michaelmas term last, fully heard before your
lordship; at which hearing your lordship did not
give your opinion thereof, but were pleased to defer
it, until breviats were delivered on both sides ; which,
as lam informed, hath been done accordingly: now
my desire unto your lordship is, that you will be
pleased to take some time, as speedily as your lord-
ship may, to give your opinion thereof, and so make
a final end, as your lordship shall find the same in
equity to deserve. For which I will ever rest'

Your Lordship 's faithful friend and servant,

Windsor, May 18, 1620. G. BUCKINGHAM.

To the Marquis of BUCKINGHAM.

My very good Lord;

I WENT to Kew for pleasure, but I met with pain.
But neitherpleasure nor pain can withdraw my mind
from thinking of his majesty's service. And because his
majesty shall see how I was occupied at Kew, I send
him these papers of rules for the Star-Ch amber, wherein
his majesty shall erect one of the noblest and durablest
pillars for the justice of this kingdom in perpetuity,
that can be, after, by his own wisdom, and the ad-
vice of his lords, he shall have revised them, and esta-
blished them. The manner and circumstances I refer
to my attending his majesty. The rules are not all
set down ; but I will do the rest within two or three
days. 1 ever remain

Your Lordship's most obliged friend

and faithful servant,

June 9, 1620. FR. VfcRULAM, Cd?lC.

248 Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

To the Lord CHANCELLOR (a).
My very good Lord,

SUCH is my haste at this time, that I cannot write
so largely to yourself, as I would, in the business of
the steel, in which once already I sent'-to your lord-
ship, and in which I only desire the good of the com-
monwealth, and the service of my master. I there-
fore have sent this bearer, my servant, unto you, and
committed the relation of the business to him. And
I do intreat your lordship to give credit to what he
shall deliver your lordship therein, with your lawful
assistance of my desires; wherein I doubt not but you
shall do a very good office. And I shall rest ready to
requite your courtesy; and, with my best wishes,
continue

Your very loving friend,

£gham, July 6, 1620.

G. BUCKINGHAM.

Indorsed,

My Lord Marquis in the behalf of his servant, Mr.
Porter, and Mr. Dallington.

To the Lord CHANCELLOR (6).

My honourable Lord,

HIS majesty having made a reference of business to
your lordship, concerning Sir Robert Douglas and
Mr. David Ramsey, two of his highness's servants,
whom he loveth, and whom I wish very well unto ;
I have thought fit to desire you to shew them all the
favour your lordship may therein, which I will ac-
knowledge, and ever rest

Your Lordship's faithful friend and servant,

Farnham, G. BUCKINGHAM,

the last of 'August, 1620.

(a) Had. MSS. Vol. 7000. (b) Ibid.

Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon. % 249

The reference comes in the name of my brother
Christopher, because they thought it would succeed
the better : but the prince wisheth well to it.

Indorsed,

Touching the business of wills.

To the KING (a).

AMONGST the counsels, which, since the time
I had the honour to be first of your learned, and
after of your privy council, I have given your ma-
jesty faithfully, according to my small ability ; I do
take comfort in none more, than that I was the first,
that advised you to come in person into the Star-
Chamber ; knowing very well, that those virtues of
your majesty, which I saw near hand, would out of
that throne, both as out of a sphere, illustrate your
own honour, and, as out of a fountain, water and re-
fresh your whole land. And because your majesty,
in that you have already done, hath so well effected
that, which I foresaw and desired, even beyond my
expectation ; it is no marvel, if I resort still to the
branches of that counsel, that hath borne so good
fruit.

The Star Chamber, in the institution thereof, hath
two uses ; the one as a supreme court of judicature ;
the other as an open council. In the first kind, your
majesty hath sat there now twice : the first time, in a
cause of force, concerning the duels; the second time,
in a cause of fraud, concerning the forgeries and con-
spiracies against the lady of Exeter; which two na-
tures of crimes, force and fraud, are the proper objects
of that court.

In the second kind, your majesty came the first
time of all, when you did set in frame and fabric the

(a] This letter appears to have been written after the proceedings
against Sir Thomas Lake, and his lady and daughter, in the Star-
Chamber, in January 1619-20, and before the resolution of calling
the parliament, which met January 30, 1620-1.

250 Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

several jurisdictions of your courts. There wants a
fourth part of the square to make all complete, which
is, if your majesty will be pleased to publish certain
commonwealth commissions; which, as your majesty
hath well begun to do in some things, and to speak
of in some others; so, if your majesty will be pleased
to make a solemn declaration of them in that place,
this wili follow :

First, that your majesty shall do yourself an infinite
honour, and win the hearts of youf-people to acknow-
ledge you, as well the most politic king, as the
most just.

Secondly, it will oblige your commissioners to a
more strict account, when they shall be engaged by
such a public charge and commandment. And,
thirdly, it will invite and direct any man, that finds
himself to know any thing concerning those commis-
sions, to bring in their informations. So as I am per-
suaded it will eternise your name and merit, and that
king James's commissions will be spoken of, and put
in ure, as long as Britain lasts ; at the least, in the
reign of all good kings.

For the particulars, besides the two commissions of
the navy, and the buildings about London, wherein your
majesty may consider, whether you will have any
thing altered or supplied, I wish these following to be
added.

Commission for advancing the clothing of England,
as well the old drapery as the new, and all the inci-
dents thereunto.

Commission for staying treasure within the realm,
and the rei element of monies.

Commission for the provision of the realm with corn
and grain, and the government of the exportation
and importation thereof; and directing of public gra-
naries, it cause be.

Commission for introducing and nourishing manu-
factures within the realm, for the setting people
a-work, and the considering of all grants and privi-
leges of that nature.

Commission to prevent the depopulation of towns

Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon. * 251

and bouses of husbandry, and for nuisances and high-
ways.

Commission for the recovery of drowned lands.

Commission for the suppression of the grievances of
informers.

Commission for the better proceedings in the plan-
tations of Ireland.

Commission for the provision of the realm with all
kind of warlike defence, ordnance, powder, muni-
tion, and armour.

Of these you may take and leave, as it shall please
you : and I wish the articles concerning every one of
them, first allowed by your council, to be read openly,
and the commissioners names.

For the good, that comes of particular and select
committees and commissions, I need not common-
place, for your majesty hath found the good of them ;
but nothing to that, that will be, when such things
are published ; because it will vindicate them from
neglect, and make many good spirits, that we
little think of, co-operate in them.

I know very well, that the world, that commonly
is apt to think, that the care of the commonwealth
is but a pretext in matters of state, will perhaps con-
ceive, that this is but a preparative to a parliament.
But let not that hinder your majesty's magnanimity, in
operc operate, that is so good ; and besides that opi-
nion, for many respects, will do no hurt to your
affairs.

To the Lord CHANCELLOR (a).

My very good Lord,

BY his majesty's directions, Sir Francis Blundell
will deliver you a petition of Sir Francis Annesly, his
majesty's secretary of Ireland, with his majesty's plea-
sure thereupon. To the gentleman I wish very well,

(«) Had. MSS. Vol. 7006.

252 Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

and do therefore recommend him and his cause to
your lordship's good favour ; and your respect of him,
in his absence, I will thankfully acknowledge. So I
take my leave.

Your Lordship's very loving friend,

G. BUCKINGHAM.

Theobalds, the 2d of Oct. 1620.

To the KING.

It may please your most excellent Majesty,

IT being a thing to speak or write, specially to
a king, in public, another in private, although I
have dedicated a work («), or rather a portion of a
work, which, at last, I have overcome, to your ma-
jesty by a public epistle, where I speak to you in the
hearing of others; yet I thought fit also humbly to
seek access for the same, not so much to your person as
to your judgment, by these private lines.

The work, in what colours soever it may be set

(a) NcTum Organum. In the library of the late Thomas, earl of
^Leicester, the descendant of Sir Edward Coke, at Holkham, in Nor-
folk, is a copy of this work, intitled Instauratio Magna, printed by
John Bill, in 1620, presented to Sir Edward, who at the top of the
title page has written, Edw. C. ex dono auctoris.
Auctori Coiisiliujn.

Jnstaurare paras vcterum documenta sopJiorum :

Instaura ],egesjustiticmi(j; prius.

And over the device of the ship passing between Hercules's Pillars,
Sir Edward has written the two following verses :

" It deserveth not to be read in Schooles,
" But-to be freighted in the Skip of Fools."

Alluding to a famous book of Sebastian Brand, born at Strasburgh,
about 1 4-60, written in Latin and High Dutch verse, and translated
into English in 1508, by Alexander Barklay,-and printed at London
die year following, by Richard Pynson, printer to Henry VII. and
Henry VIII. in folio, with the following title : ''The Shyp of Folys
" of the World : Translated in the Coll. of Saynt Mary Otcry,
" in the coimte of Devonshyre, oute of Latin, Frcnche, and Doche,
" into Englesshe tongue, by Alex. Barklay, preste and chaplen in
" the sayd College, M,COCCC,VIII." It was dedicatee! by the
translator to Thomas Cornish, bishop of Tine, and suffragan bishop
of Wells, and adorned with great variety of wooden cuts.

Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

forth, is no more but a new logic, teaching to invent
and judge by induction, as finding syllogism incompe-
tent for sciences of nature ; and thereby to make phi-
losophy and sciences both more true and more active.

This tending to enlarge the bounds of reason, and
to endow man's estate with new value, was no im-
proper oblation to your majesty, who, of men, is the
greatest master of reason, and author of beneficence.

There be two of your council, and one other bishop
(/;) of this land, that know I have been about some such
work near thirty years (c) ; so as I made no haste.
And the reason why I have published it now, speci-
ally being unperfect, is, to speak: plainly, because I
number my days, and wrould have it saved. There
is another reason of my so doing, which is to
try whether I can get help in one intended part of this
work, namely, the compiling of a natural and experi-
mental history, which must be the main foundation of
a true and active philosophy.

This work is but a new body of clay, whereinto
your majesty, by your countenance and protection,
may breathe life. And, to tell your majesty truly what
I think, I account your favour may be to this work
as much as an hundred years time : for I am persuaded
the work will gain upon mens mjnds in ages, but
your gracing it may make it take hold more swiftly;
which I would be very glad of, it being a work
meant not for praise or glory, but for practice, and
the good of men. One thing, I confess, I am ambi-
tious of, with hope, which is, that after these begin-
nings, and the wheel once set on going, men shaJl

(b) Dr. Launcelot Andrews, bishop of Winchester. ,

(c) Mr. Chamberlain, in a letter to Sir Dudley Carleton, ambassa-
dor at Holland, dated at London, October 28, 1620, mention-, that
Mr. Henry Cuife, who had been secretary to Robert, earl of Essex,
and executed for being concerned in his treasons, having lon^ since
perused this work, gave this censure, that a fool could not have written
such a work, and a ivis? man would not. And, in another letter,
dated Feb. 3, 1620-1, Mr. Chamberlain takes notice, that the king
could not forbear sometimes, in reading that book, to say, that it v.u$
.like tht peace of God, that passcth all understanding.

254 Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

seek more truth out of Christian pens, than hitherto
they have done out of heathen. I say with hope;
because I hear my former book of the Advancement of
Learning, is well tasted in the universities here, and
the • English colleges abroad : and this is the same
argument sunk deeper.

And so I ever humbly rest in prayers, and all other
duties,

Your Majesty's most bounden

and devoted servant,

York-house, this 1 2th of Oct. 1620. FR. VzRULAM, Cane.

To the Lord CHANCELLOR (a].

Mi) honourable Lord,

THERE is a business in your lordship's hands,
with which Sir Robert Lloyd did acquaint your lord-
ship ; whereof the prince hath demanded or me what
account is given. And because I cannot inform his
highness of any proceeding therein, I desire your
lordship to use all expedition that may be, in making
your answer to me, that I may give his highness some
satisfaction, who is very desirous thereof. And so I
rest

Your Lordship's faithful friend and servant,

Royston, 1 4-th of October, 1620. G. BUCKINGHAM.

Indorsed,

Touching the register of wills,

To the Lord CHANCELLOR (£).

My honour able Lord,

I DESIRE your lordship to continue your favour to
Sir Thomas Gerrard, in the business concerning him,
wherein I signified his majesty's pleasure to your lord-

(«) Harl. MSS. Vol. 7000. (b) Ibid.

Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

ship. And one favour more I am to intreat oT your
lordship in his behalf, that you will be pleased to
speak to one of the assistants of the chancellor of the
duchy, in whose court he hath a cause depending, as
he will more fully inform your lordship himself, to see
that he may have a fair proceeding, according to
justice ; for which I will ever rest

Your Lordship's faithful friend and servant,

Royston, loth of October, 1620. G. BUCKINGHAM.

. To the Marquis of BUCKINGHAM.

My very good Lord,

YOUR lordship desiring to understand what cometh
of the business, after which the prince hearkeneth, I was
in doubt which of the two businesses you meant ; that of
the Duchy or that of the Prerogative-Court for wills ;
for both are recommended from the prince. But be
it one, or be it the other, no time hath been lost in
either; for Mr. Secretary Naunton and I have entered
into both, & For the Duchy, we have already stayed all
proceeding to the king's disservice for those manors,
which are not already passed under seal. For that
which is passed, we have heard the Attorney (a) with
none or little satisfaction hitherto. -The Chancellor
(6) is not yet come, though sent for. For the other,
we have heard Sir John Bennet (c}, and given him
leave to acquaint my lord of Canterbury ; and have
required the Solicitor (d)to come well prepared for the
king. So that in neither we can certify yet j and to

(«) Sir Henry Yelverton.

(b) Sir Humphrey May, made chancellor of the duchy, March
9, 1617-8.

(c) Judge of the Prerogative-Court of Canterbury, In 1621
he was fined 20,0001. for bribery, corruption, and exaction in
that office. He died in 1627.

(d) Sir Thomas Coventry.

256 Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

trouble your lordship while business is but in passage,
were time lost. I ever rest

Your Lordship's most obliged friend

and faithful servant,

October 16, 1620. F&. VERULAM, CailC.

To the KING, thanking his Majesty for his gra-
cious acceptance of his book.

May it please your Majesty >

I CANNOT express, how much comfort I received
by your last letter of your own royal hand (a\. I see
your majesty is a star, that hath benevolent aspect and
gracious influence upon all things that tend to a ge*
neral good.

Daphni, quid antiques signorum suspicis ortus ?
Ecce Dioncei processit Casaris as t rum $
Astrum, quo segetes gauderentfrugibus, ct quo
Duceret apricis in collibus uva color em (b).
This work, which is for the bettering of mens bread
and wine, which are the characters of temporal bles-
sings and sacraments of eternal, I hope, by God's holy
providence, will be ripened by Ca3sar's star.

Your majesty shall not only do to myself a singular
favour, but to your business a material help, if you will
be graciously pleased to open yourself to me in those
things wherein you may be unsatisfied. For though
this work, as by position and principle, doth disclaim
to be tried by any thing but by experience, and the
results of experience in a true way; yet the sharpness
and profoundness of your majesty's judgment ought to
be an exception to this general rule ; and your ques-
tions, observations, and admonishments, may do infi-
nite good.

(«) Of the 16th of October, 1620, printed in Lord Bacon's
works.

(l>) Virgil, Eclog. IX. vert. 46—50.

Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

This comfortable beginning makes me hope far-
ther, that your majesty will be aiding to me, in set-
ting men on work for the collecting of a natural and
experimental history ; which is basis totius negotii, a
thing which I assure myself will be, from time to
time, an excellent recreation unto you ; I say, to that
admirable spirit of yours, that delighteth in light:
and I hope well, that even in your times, many noble
inventions may be discovered for man's use. For
who can tell, now this mine of truth is opened, how
the veins go; and what lieth higher, and what lieth
lower ? But let me trouble your majesty no farther
at this time. God ever preserve and prosper your
majesty.

[October 19, 1620.]

To the Marquis of BUCKINGHAM.

My very good Lord,

I SEND now only to give his majesty thanks for
the singular comfort which I received by his majesty's
letter of his own hand, touching my book. And I
must also give your lordship of my best thanks, for
your letter so kindly and affectionately written.

I did even now receive your lordship's letter touch-
ing the proclamation, and do approve his majesty's
judgment and foresight about mine own. Neither
would I have thought of inserting matter of state for
the vulgar, but that now a-days there is no vulgar,
but all statesmen. But, as his majesty doth excel-
lently consider, the time of it is not yet proper. I
ever rest

Your Lords /tip1 s most obliged friend

and faithful servant,

October 19, 1620. FR. VERULAM, CailC.

Indorsed,
In answer to his majesty's directions touching the

proclamation for a parliament.
VOL, vi. s

258 Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

Notes of a Speech of the LORD CHANCELLOR in
the Star-Chamber, in the cause of Sir HENRY
YELVERTON, Attorney-General (a).

SORRY for the person, being a gentleman that I
lived with in Gray's-Inn ; served with him when I
was attorney ; joined with him in many services, and
one, that ever gave me more attributes in public, than
I deserved; and, besides, a man of very good parts,
which with me is friendship at first sight; much more,
joined with so antient an acquaintance.

But, as a judge, I hold the offence very great, and
that without pressing measure ; upon which I will
only make a few observations, and so leave it.

1. First I observe the danger and consequence of
the offence : for if it be suffered, that the learned
council shall practise the art of multiplication upon
their warrants, the crown will be destroyed in small
time. The great seal, the privy seal, signet, are
solemn things; but they follow the king's hand. It
is the bill drawn by the learned council and the doc-
quet, that leads the king's hand,

2. Next I note the nature of the defence. As first,
that it was error in judgment : for this surely, if the
offence were small though clear, or great, but doubt-
ful, I should hardly sentence it. For it is hard to
draw a straight line by steadiness of hand ; but it
could not be the swerving of the hand. And herein
I note the wisdom of the law of England, which term-
eth the highest contempts and excesses of authority,
7nisprisions ; which, if you take the sound and deriva-
tion of the words, is but mistaken: but if you take the
use and acceptation of the word, it is high and hainous
contempts and usurpations of authority ; whereof the

(a) He was prosecuted in the Star-Chamber, for having passed
certain clauses in a charter, lately granted to the city of London,
rot agreeable to his majesty's warrant, and derogatory to his honour.
But the chief reason of the severity against him was thought to
be the marquis of Buckingham's resentment against him, for having
opposed, according to the duty of his office, some oppressive, if
not illegal, patents, which the projectors of those times were busy
in preparing.

Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon. 259

reason I take to be, and the name excellently imposed ;
for that main mistaking, it is ever joined with con-
tempt ; for he, that reveres, will not easily mistake ;
but he that slights, and thinks more of the greatness
of his place than of the duty of his place, will soon

commit misprisions.

Indorsed,

Star-Chamber, October 24, 1620* Notes upon Mr.
Attorney's cause.

To the Marquis of BUCKINGHAM.
My very good Lord,

IT may be, your lordship will expect to hear from
me what passed yesterday in the Star-Chamber, touch-
ing Yelverton's cause, though we desired secretary
Calvert to acquaint his majesty therewith.

To make short, at the motion of the attorney, in
person at the bar, and at the motion of my lord
Steward (a) in court, the day of proceeding is deferred
till the king's pleasure is known. This was against
my opinion then declared plain enough ; but put to
votes, and ruled by the major part, though some con-
curred with me.

I do not like of this course, in respect that it puts
the king in a strait ; for either the note of severity
must rest upon his majesty, if he go on; or the thanks
of clemency is in some part taken away if his majesty
go not on.

I have cor unum et via una ; and therefore did my

part as a judge and the king's chancellor. What is

farther to be done, I will advise the king faithfully,

^ when I see his majesty and your lordship. But before

I give advice, I must ask a question first.

God ever preserve and prosper you.

Your Lordship's most obliged friend

and faithful servant,

October 23, 1620. FR. VfiRULAM, C(MC.

(«) The duke of Lenox,
S <2

260 Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

Lord Chancellor BACON to the Marquis of

* From the BUCKINGHAM*'

collections .

of the late My very good Lord,

Stephens, YESTERNIGHT we made an end of Sir Henry

"** Yelverton's cause. I have almost killed myself with
sitting almost eight hours. But I was resolved to sit
it through. He is sentenced to imprisonment in the
Tower during the king's pleasure. The fine of 40001.
and discharge of his place, by way of opinion of the
court, referring it to the king's pleasure. How I
stirred the court, I leave it to others to speak ; but
things passed to his majesty's great honour. I would
not for any thing but he had made his defence ; for
many chief points of the charge were deeper printed
by the defence. But yet I like it not in him ; the less
because he retained Holt, who is ever retained but to
play thu fool. God ever prosper you.

Your Lordship's most obliged friend

and faithful servant,
ii Nov. 1620. FR. VERULAM, Cane,

To the KING.

It may please your ?nost excellent Majesty,
IN performance of your royal pleasure, signified by
Sir John Suckling (a), we have at several times con-
sidered of the petition of Mr. Christopher Villiers(/>)
and have heard, as well the registers and ministers of
the Prerogative-Court of Canterbury, and their council,
as also the council of the lord archbishop of Canter-
bury. And setting aside such other points, as are
desired by the petition, we do think, that your majesty
ma)1 by law, and without inconvenience, appoint an
officer, that shall have the ingrossing of the transcripts
»

(«) He was afterwards comptroller of the houshold to king
Charles I. and lather of the poet of the same name.

(/;) Youngest brother to the marquis of Buckingham, He was
created, April '23, 1623, baron of Daventry and earl of Anglesey.
He died September 24,

Letters etc. of Lord Chancellor Eacen. 26 1

of all wills to be scaled with the seal of either of the
Prerogative-Courts, which shall be proved in communi
formd ; and likewise of all inventories, to be exhibited
in the same courts.

We see it necessary, that all wills, which are not
judicially controverted, be ingrossed before the pro
bate. Yet, as the law now stands, no officer of those
courts can lawfully take any fee or reward for in-
grossing the said wills and inventories, the statute of
the 21st of king- Henry the Vlllth restraining them.
Wherefore we hold it much more convenient, that it
should be done by a lawful officer, to be appointed
by your majesty, than in a cause not warrantable by
]aw. Yet our humble opinion and advice is, that
good consideration be had in passing this book, as
well touching a moderate proportion of fees to be
allowed for the pains and travel of the officer, as for
the expedition of the suitor, in such sort, that the sub-
ject may find himself in better case than he is now,
and not in worse.

But however we conceive this may be convenient
in the two courts of prerogative, where there is much
business, yet in the ordinary course of the bishops dio-
cesans, we hold the same will be inconvenient, in re-
gard of the small employment.

Your Majesty s most faithful

and obedient servants,

November 15, 1602. FR. VERULAM, Cam.

ROBERT NAUNTON,
HENRY MONTAGU (c}.

To the Lord CHANCELLOR (a).

AFTER my very hearty commendations, I have
acquainted his majesty with your letter, who com-
manded me to tell you, that he had been thinking
upon the same point, whereof you write, three or four

(c) Lord chief justice of the King's Bench, who, on the 3d
of December following, was advanced to the post oi lord high

treasurer.

(a) Had. MS8. Vol. 7000.

262 Letters ', etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

days ago, being so far from making any question of
it, that he every day expected when a writ should
come down. For at the creation of prince Henry,
the lords of the council and judges assured his majesty
of as much, as the precedents, mentioned in your
letter, speak of. And so I rest

Your Lordship's very loving friend at command,

G. BUCKINGHAM.
Newmarket, the 2 Uh of Novemb. 1620.

Indorsed,

Shewing his majesty is satisfied with precedents,
touching the prince's summons to parliament.

To the Marquis of BUCKINGHAM.

My very good Lord,

YOUR lordship may find that in the number of
patents, which we have represented to his majesty,
as like to be stirred in by the lower house of parlia-
ment, we have set down three, which may concern
some of your lordship's special friends, which I ac-
count as mine own friends ; and so shewed myself,
when they were in suit. The one, that to Sir Giles
Mompesson, touching the inns ; the second, to Mr.
Christopher Villiers and Mr. Maule, touching the
recognizances for ale-honses; the third, to Mr. Lieu-
tenant of the Tower, touching the cask. These in
duty coulri not be omitted, for that, specially the two
firbt of them, are more rumoured, both by the vulgar,
and by the gentlemen, yea, and by , the judges them-
selves, than any other patents at this day. Therefore
I thought it appertained to the singular love and
affection, which I bear you upon so many obligations,
to wish and advise, that your lordship, whom God
hath made in all things so fit to be beloved, would
put of}' the envy of these things, which I think in
themselves bvar no great fruit ; and rather take the
thanks for ceasing them, than the note for maintaining

Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

%

them. But howsoever, let me know your mind, and
your lordship shall find I will go your way.

I cannot express, how much comfort I take in the
choice his majesty hath made of my lord chief justice
to be lord treasurer ; not for his sake, nor for my sake,
but for the king's sake; hoping, that now a number of
counsels, which I have given for the establishment of
his majesty's estate, and have lain dead and deeper
than this snow, may now spring up and bear fruit ;
the rather, for that I persuade myself, he and I shall
run one way. And yet I know well, that in this
doubling world cor umun et via una is rare in one
man, but more rare between two. And therefore, if
it please his majesty, according to his prudent custom
in such cases, to cast out, now ,at his coming down,
some words, which may the better knit us in conjunc-
tion to do him service, I suppose it will be to no
idle purpose.

And as an old truant in the commission of the
treasury, let me put his majesty in remembrance of
three things now upon his entrance, which he is pre-
sently to go in hand with : the first, to make Ireland
to bear the charge thereof; the second, to bring all
accounts to one purse in the exchequer: the third,
by all possible means to endeavour the taking off of
the anticipations. There be a thousand things more;
but these being his majesty's last commands to the
commissioners of the treasury ; with such as in his
majesty's princely judgment shall occur, will do well
to season his place.

Your Lordship's most obliged friend,

and faithful servant,

November 29, 1620. FR. VfiRULAM, Cane.

As soon as I. had written this letter, I received your
lordship's letter, touching my lord chief justice, which
redoubled my comfort, to see how his majesty's
thoughts and mine, his poor servant's, and your lord-
ship's, meet.

I send inclosed names for the speaker ; and if his
.majesty, or your lordship, demand our opinion, which

264 Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

of them, my lord chief justice will tell you. It were
well it were dispatched; for else I will not dine with
the speaker ; for his drink will not be laid in time
enough.

I beseech your lordship, care may be taken, that
our general letter may be kept secret, whereof my
lord chief justice will tell you the reason.

To the KING.

It may please your most excellent Majesty,

ACCORDING to your commandment, we have
-heard once more the proctors of the Prerogative-
Court, what they could say ; and find no reason to
alter, in any part, our former certificate. Thus much
withal we think fit to note to your majesty, that our
former certificate, which we now ratify, is principally
grounded upon a point in law, upon the statute of 21
Henry VIII. wherein we the chancellor and treasurer,
for our own opinions, do conceive the law is clear ;
and your solicitor general (a] concurs.

Now whether your majesty will be pleased to rest
in our opinions, and so to pass the patents ; or give
us leave to assist ourselves with the opinion of some
principal judges now in town, whereby the law may
be the better resolved, to avoid farther question here-
after ; we leave it to your majesty's royal pleasure.
This we represent the rather, because we discern such
a confidence in the proctors, and those upon whom
they depend, as, it is not unlike, they will bring it to a
legal question.

And so we humbly kiss your majesty's hands, pray-
ing for your preservation.

Your Majesty's most humble

and obedient servants,

York-house, December 12, 1620. FR. VERULAM, Cane.

HENRY MONTAGU,
ROBERT NAUNTON.

(«) Sir Thomas Coventry, who was made attorney general,
January 14-, 1620-1.

Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon.* 265

The Lord CHANCELLOR and two Chief JUS-
TICES (#) to the Marquis of BUCKINGHAM.

Our very good Lord,

IT may please his majesty to call to mind, that
when we gave his majesty our last account of parlia-
ment business in his presence, we went over the grie-
vances of the last parliament in 7mo(6), with our o 5-
nion by way of probable conjecture, which of them are
like to fall off, and which may perchance stick and be
renewed. And we did also well acquaint his majesty,
that we thought it no less fit to take into consideration
grievances of like nature, which have sprung up since
the said last session, which are the more like to be
called upon, by how much they are the more fresh, sig-
nifying withal, that they were of two kinds ; some
proclamations and commissions, and many patents;
which, nevertheless, we did not trouble his majesty
withal in particular: partly, for that we were not then
fully prepared, as being a work of some length, and
partly, for that we then desired and obtained leave of
his majesty to communicate them with the council
table. But now since 1, the chancellor, received his
majesty's pleasure by secretary Calvert, that we should
first present them to his majesty with some advice
thereupon provisionally, and as we are capable, and
thereupon know his majesty's pleasure before they be
brought to the table, which is the work of this dis-
patch.

And hereupon his majesty may be likewise pleased
to call to mind, that we then said, and do now also
humbly make remonstrance to his majesty, that in
this we do not so much express the sense of our own
minds or judgments upon the particulars, as we do
personate the lower house, and cast with ourselves

(a) Sir Henry Montagu of the King's Bench, and Sir Henry
Hobart of the Common Pleas.

(b) That which began February 9, 1609; and was prorogued
July 23, 1610.

266 Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

what is like to be stirred there. And therefore if there
be any thing, either in respect of the matter, or the
persons, that stands not so well with his majesty's good
liking, that his majesty would be graciously pleased
not to impute it unto us; and withal to consider, that
it is to this good end, that his majesty may either re-
move such of them, as in his own princely judgment,
or with the advice of his council, he shall think fit to
be removed ; or be the better provided to carry through
such of them, as he shall think fit to be maintained,
in case they should be moved ; and so the less sur-
prised.

First, therefore to begin with the patents, we find
three sorts of patents, and those somewhat frequent,
since the session of 7mo, which in genere we conceive
may be most subject to exception of grievance; pa-
tents of old debts, patents of concealments, and pa-
tents of monopolies, and forfeitures for dispensations
of penal laws, together with some other particulars,
which fall not so properly under any one head.

In these three heads, we do humbly advise several
courses to be taken ; for the first two, of old debts and
concealments, for that they are in a sort legal, though
there may be found out some point in law to over-
throw them ; yet it would be a long business by course
of lawr, and a matter unusual by act of council, to call
them in. But that, that moves us chiefly, to avoid the
questioning them at the council-table, is, because if
they shall be taken away by the king's act, it may let
in upon him a flood of suitors for recornpence; where-
as, if they be taken away at the suit of the parliament,
and a law thereupon made, it frees the king, and leaves
him to give recompence only where he shall be pleased
to intend grace. Wherefore we conceive the most
convenient way will be, if some grave and discreet
gentleman of the country, such as have lost relation
to the court, make, at fit times, some modest motion
touching the same; and that his majesty would be
graciously pleased to permit some law to pass, for the
time past only, no ways touching his majesty's regal
power, to free the subjects from the same ; and so

Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon. * 267

his majesty, after due consultation, to give way
unto it.

For the third, we do humbly advise, that such of
them, as his majesty shall give way to have called in,
may be questioned before the council-table, either as
granted contrary to his majesty's book of bounty,
or found since to have been abused in the execution,
or otherwise by experience discovered to be burden-
some to the country. But herein we shall add this V
farther humble advice, that it be not done as matter of
preparation to a parliament ; but that occasion be
taken, partly upon revising of the book of bounty, and
partly upon the fresh examples in Sir Henry Yelverton's
case of abuse and surreption in obtaining of patents ;
and likewise, that it be but as a continuance in confor-
mity of the council's former diligence and vigijancy,
which hath already stayed and revoked divers patents
of like nature, whereof we are ready to shew the ex-
amples. Thus, we conceive, his majesty shall keep
his greatness, and somewhat shall be done in parlia-
ment, and somewhat out of parliament, as the nature
of the subject and business require.

We have sent his majesty herewith a schedule of
the particulars of these three kinds; wherein, for the
first two, we have set down all that we could at this
.time discover : but in the latter, we have chosen out
but some, that are most in speech, and do most tend,
either to the vexation of the common people, or the
discountenancing of our gentlemen and justices, the
one being the original, the other the representative
of the commons.

There being many more of like nature, but not of
like weight, nor so much rumoured, which, to take
away now in a blaze, will give more scandal, that
such things were granted, than thanks, that they be
now revoked.

And because all things may appear to his majesty
in the true light, we have set down, as well the
suitors as the grants, and not only those, in whose
names the patents. were taken, but those, whom they
concern, as far as comes to our knowledge.

Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

For proclamations and commissions, they are tender
things ; and we are willing to meddle with them
sparingly. For as for such, as do but wait upon patents,
wherein his majesty, as we conceived, gave some
approbation to have them taken away, it is better
they fall away, by taking away the patent itself, than
otherwise ; for a proclamation cannot be revoked but
by proclamation, which we avoid.

For those commonwealth bills, which his majesty
approved to be put in readiness, and some other
things, there will be time enough hereafter to give
his majesty account, and amongst them, of the extent
of his majesty's pardon, which, if his subjects do their
part, as we hope they will, we do wish may be more
Hberal than of later times, a pardon being the antient
remuneration in parliament.

Thus hoping his majesty, out of his gracious and
accustomed benignity, will accept of our faithful en-
deavours, and supply the rest by his own princely
wisdom and direction ; and also humbly praying his
majesty, that when he hath himself considered of our
humble propositions, he will give us leave to impart
them all, or as much as he shall think fit, to the lords
of his council, for the better strength of his service,
we conclude with our prayers for his majesty's happy
preservation, and always rest, &;c.

Indorsed,

The lord chancellor and the two chief justices to the
king, concerning parliament business.

To the Lord CHANCELLOR, and the Lord MAN-
DEVILLE, Lord Treasurer of England (a].

My honourable Lords,

HIS majesty is pleased, according to your lordship's
certificate, to rely upon your judgments, and hath
made choice of Sir Robert Lloyd, knight, to be pa-

a Harl.MSS. Vol. 700(5.

Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon. 269

tentee and master of the office of ingrosshig the
transcripts of all wills and inventories in the Pre-
rogative-Courts, during his highnesses pleasure, and
to be accountable unto his majesty for such profits as
shall arise out of the same office. And his majesty's far-
ther pleasure is, that your lordship forthwith proportion
and set down, as well a reasonable rate of fees for the
subject to pay for ingrossing the said transcripts, as
also such fees, as your lordship shall conceive fit to
be allowed to the said patentee for the charge of
clerks and ministers for execution of the said office.
And to this effect his majesty hath commanded me to
signify his pleasure to his solicitor general (&), to pre-
pare a book for his majesty's signature. And so I bid
your lordship heartily well to fare, and remain

Your Lordship's very loving friend,

Royston, December 17, 1620. G. BUCKINGHAM.

V

To the Marquis of BUCKINGHAM,

Mi/ very good Lord,

I WAS so full of cold, as I could not attend his
majesty to-day. Yesterday I dispatched the pro-
clamation with the council. There was a motion to
have sharpened it ; but better none, than over sharp
at first. I moved the council also for supplying the
committee for drawing of bills and some other mat-
ters, in regard of my lord Hobart's (c) sickness, who^
I think, will hardly escape : which, though it be hap-
piness, for him, yet it is loss for us.

Mean while as I propounded to the king, which he
allowed well, I have broken the main of the par-
liament into questions and parts, which I send. It
may be, it is an over-diligence ; but still methinks
there is a middle thing between art and chance : I
think they call it providence, or some such thing,

(b] Sir Thomas Coventry.

(c) Lord chief justice of the Common-Pleas.

27O Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

which good servants owe to their sovereign, specially
in cases of importance and straits of occasions. And
those huffing elections, and general licence of speech,
ought to make us the better provided. The way will
be, if his majesty will be pleased to peruse these
questions advisedly, and give me leave to wait on
him ; and then refer it to some few of the council,
a little to advise upon it. I ever rest

Your Lordship's most obliged friend,

and faithful servant,
December 23, 1620. FR. VfiRULAM, CailC.

To the Lord CHANCELLOR (a).

My honourable Lord,

HIS majesty hath commanded me to signify his
pleasure unto your lordship, that Sir Thomas Co-
ventry, now his solicitor general, be forthwith made
his attorney general : and that your lordship give
order to the clerk of the crown to draw up a grant
of the said place unto him accordingly. And so
I rest

I our Lordship's faithful friend and servant,

Whitehall, 9th of January, 1620. G. BUCKINGHAM.

To the Lord CHANCELLOR (//).
My honourable Lord,

I HAVE been intreated to recommend unto your
]ordship the distressed case of the lady Martin, widow
of Sir Richard Martin, deceased, who hath a cause to
be heard before your lordship in the chancery, at
your first sitting in the next term, between her and
one Archer, and-others, upon an antient statute, due
long since unto her husband j which cause, I am in-

(a) Harl. MSS. Vol. 7000. " * (b) Ibid.

Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon. -71

formed, hath received three verdicts for herein the
common law, a decree in the Exchequer Chamber,
and a dismission before your lordship : which I was
the more willing to do, because I have seen a letter
of his majesty to the said Sir Richard Martin, acknow-
ledging the good service that he did him in this
kingdom, at the time of his majesty's being in Scot-
land. And therefore I desire your lordship, that you
would give her a full and fair hearing of her cause,
and a speedy dispatch thereof, her poverty being
such, that having nothing to live on but her husband's
debts, if her suit long depend, she shall be inforced
to lose her cause for want of means to follow it :
wherein I will acknowledge your lordship's favour,
and rest

Your Lordship1 s faithful friend and servant,

Whitehall, the 1 3th of January, 1620. G. BUCKINGHAM.-

To the Lord CHANCELLOR (a).

My honourable Lord,

HIS majesty hath commanded me to signify his
pleasure unto you, that you give present order to the
clerk of the crown to draw a bill to be signed by his
majesty for Robert Heath, late recorder of London,
to be his majesty's solicitor general. So I rest

Your Lordship's faithful friend and servant,

[Theobalds, 20th of January, 1620.] G. BUCKINGHAM,

To the KING (i).

May it please your Majesty,

I THANK God I number days, both in thank-
fulness to him, and in warning to myself. I should
likewise number your majesty's benefits, which, as,

(a) Had. MSS. Vol. 7000.

(/,) This seems to have been written by lord St. AJbans, just after
lie was created a viscount by that title, January 27, 16'20.

272 Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

to take them in all kinds, they are without number;
so even in this kind of steps and degrees of advance-
ment, they are in greater number, than scarcely any
other of your subjects can say. For this is now the
eighth time that your majesty hath raised me.

You formed me of the- learned council extraordi-
nary, without patent or fee, a kind of individuum
vagum. You established me, and brought me into
ordinary. Soon after you placed me solicitor, where
1 served seven years. Then your majesty made me
your attorney, or procurator general ; then privy
counsellor, while I was attorney ; a kind of miracle of
your favour, that had not been in many ages ; thence
keeper of your seal ; and, because that was a kind of
planet, and not fixed, chancellor : and, when your
majesty could raise me no higher, it was your grace
to illustrate me with beams of honour, first making me
baron Verulam, and now viscount St. Alban. So this
is the eighth rise or reach, a diapason in music, even
a good number, and accord for a close. And so I
may, without superstition, be buried in St. Alban's
habit or vestment.

Besides the number, the obligation is increased by
three notes or marks : first, that they proceed from
such a king ; for honours from some kings are but
great chancels, or counters, set high ; but from' your
majesty, they are indeed dignities, by the co-operation
of your grace. Secondly, in respect of the continu-
ance of your majesty's favour, which proceedeth, as
the divine favour, from grace to grace. And, thirdly,
these splendors of honour are like your freest pa-
tents, absque aliquid hide reddendo. Offices have bur-
dens of cares and labours; but honours have no
burden but thankfulness, which doth rather raise mens
spirits, than accable them, or press them clown.

Then 1 must say, quid relribuam ? I have nothing
of mine own. That, that God hath given me, I shall
present unto your majesty: which is care and dili-
gence, and assidious endeavour, and that, which is the
chief, cor umnn et viarn unam ; hoping, that your
majesty will do as your superior doth; that is, finding

Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon. 273

%

my heart upright, you will bear with my other im-
perfections. And lastly, your majesty shall have the
best of my time, which, I assure myself, I shall con-
clude in your favour, and survive in your remem-
brance. And that is my prayer for myself. The rest
shall be in prayers for your majesty.

To the Lord CHANCELLOR (a).

My noble Lord,

I HAVE shewed your letter of thanks to his ma*
jesty, who saith there are too many thanks in it for so
small a favour ; which he holdeth too little to encou-
rage so well a deserving servant. For myself, I shall
ever rejoice at the manifestation of his majesty's favour
toward you, and will contribute all, that is in me,
to the increasing of his good opinion ; ever resting

Your Lordship's faithful friend and servant,

G. BUCKINGHAM.

Speech of the Lord Viscount St. ALBAN, Lord
Chancellor, to the parliament, January 30,
1620.

My Lords and Masters,

YOU have heard the king's speech ; and it makes
me call to mind what Solomon saith, who was also a
king : The words of the ,wise are as nails and pins,
driven in and fastened by the masters of assemblies. The
king is the master of this assembly; and though his
words, in regard of the sweetness of them, do not
prick ; yet, in regard of the weight and wisdom of
them, I know they pierce through and through ; that
is, both into your memories, and into your affections ;
and there I leave them.

(«) HarK MSS. Vol. 7000.
VOL, VI. T

274 Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

As the king himself hath declared unto you the
causes of the convoking of this parliament ; so he
hath commanded me to set before you the true institu-
tion and use of a parliament, that thereby you may
take your aim, and govern yourselves the better in
parliament matters: for then, are all things in best
state, when they are preserved in their primitive in-
stitution ; for otherwise ye know the principle of phi-
losophy to be, that the corruption or degeneration of
the best things is the worst.

The kings of this realm have used to summon
their parliaments or estates for three ends or purposes;
for advice, for assent, and for aid.

For advice, it is no doubt great surety for kings to
take advice and information from their parliament.
It is advice, that proceedeth out of experience ; it is
not speculative or abstract. It is a well-tried advice,
and that passeth many revenues, and hath Argus's
eyes. It is an advice, that commonly is free from pri-
vate and particular ends, which is the bane of coun-
sel. For although some particular members of par-
liament may have their private ends ; yet one man sets
another upright ; so that the resultate of their counsels
is, for the most part, direct and sincere. But thisadr
vice is to be given with distinction of the subjects :
they are to tender and offer their advice by bill or
petition, as the case requires. But in those things,
that are Arcana Imperil^ and reserved points of sove-
reignty, as making of war or peace, or the like, there
they are to apply their advice to that, which shall be
communicated unto them by the king, without pres-
sing farther within the vail, or reaching forth to the
forbidden fruit of knowledge. In these things the rule
holds, taitfum permissum quantum commissum.

Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon. 275

*

To the Marquis of BUCKINGHAM.

My very good Lord,

WITH due thanks for your last visit, this day is a
play-day for me. But 1 will wait on your lordship, if
it be necessary.

I do hear from divers of judgment, that to-morrow's
conference (a] is like to pass in a calm, as to the refe-
rees^). Sir Lionel Cranfield, who hath been formerly
the trumpet, said yesterday, that he did now incline to
Sir John Walter's opinion and motion, not to have the
referees meddled with otherwise than to discount it
from the king ; and so not to look back, but to the fu-
ture. And I do hear almost all men of judgment in the
house wish now that way. I woo no body : I do but
listen, and I have doubt only of Sir Ed ward Coke, who
I wish, had some round caveat given him from the
king ; for your lordship hath no great power with him:
but I think a word from the king mates him.

If things be carried fair by the committees of the
lower house, I am in some doubt, whether there will be
occasion for your lordship to speak to-morrow ; though,
I confess, I incline to wish you did, chiefly because
you are fortunate in that kind ; and, to be plain also,
for our better countenance, when your lordship, ac-
cording to your noble proposition, shall shew more
regard of the fraternity you have with great coun-
sellors, than of the interest of your natural brother.

Always, good my lord, let us think of times out of
parliament, as well as the present time in parliament,

(«) On Monday the 5th of March, 1620-1, the house of lords re-
ceived message from the commons, desiring a conference touching
certain grievances, principally concerning Sir Giles Mompesson. See
Journal of the house of lords.

(b) Those, to whom the king referred the petitions, to consider,
whether they were fit to he granted or no. This explanation of the
word referees, I owe to a note in a MS. letter, written to the cele-
brated Mr. Joseph Mead, of Christ's College, Cambridge.

T 2

^276 Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

and let us not all be put espourpoint. Fair and mo-
derate courses are ever best in causes of estate: the
rather, because I wish this parliament, by the sweet
and united passages thereof, may increase the king's
reputation with foreigners, who may make a far other
judgment than we mean, of a beginning to question
great counsellors and officers of the crown, by courts,
or assemblies of estates. But the reflection upon my
particular in this makes me more sparing, than per-
haps, as a counsellor, I ought to be.
God ever preserve and prosper you.

Your Lordship's true servant all and ever,

March 7, the day I received FR. ST. ALBAN, CatlC*

the seal, 1620.

To the KING (a).

It may please your Majesty,

I RECEIVED your majesty's letter about mid-
night : and because it was stronger than the antient
summons of the exchequer, which is sicut tcipsum et
omnia iua diligis •> whereas this was sicut me diligis ;

(a) The date of this letter is determined to be the 8th of March,
1620-1, from the circumstance of its being mentioned to have been
written on that Thursday, on which the house of Lords adjourned to
the Saturday following. It appears from the journal of that house,
that on the 8th of March, 1620, the said house, at which were pre-
sent the prince pf Wales and marquis of Buckingham, was adjourned
to Saturday the 10th, on which day a conference of both houses was
held relating to the complaint of that of the commons against Sir Giles
Mompesson. Of this conference the lord chancellor made report on
Monday, March 12, to the house of lords, remarking, that " the in-
" ducement to this conference was to clear the king's honour touch-
" ing grants to Sir Giles, and the passages in procuring the same."
After this report of the conference, the lord Chamberlain, William
earl of Pembroke, complained to the house, that two great lords,
meaning the lord cliancetlor, and the lord treasurer, the lord Viscount
Mandeville, had, in that conference, spake in their on-n defence, not be'
ing allowed to do so when the committees were named. Upon which both
the lords acknowledged their error, and begged pardon of the
house.

Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon* 277

I used all possible care to effect your majesty** good
will and pleasure.

I sent early to the prince, and to my lord treasurer :
and we attended his highness soon after seven of the
clock, at Whitehall, to avoid farther note. We agreed,
'that, if the message came, we would put the lords
into this way, that the answer should be, that we
understood they came prepared both with examination
and precedent; and we likewise desired to be alike

Erepared, that the conference might be with more
•uit.

I did farther speak with my lord of Canterbury,
when I came to the house, not letting him know any
part of the business, that he would go on with a
motion, which he had told me of the day before, that
the lords house might not sit Wednesday and Fri-
day, because they were convocation days; and so
was the former custom of parliament.

As good luck was, the house read two bills, and had
no other business at all : whereupon my lord of Canter-
bury made his motion ; and I adjourned the house till
Saturday. It was no sooner done, but came the mes-
sage from the lower house. But the consummation est
was past, though I perceived a great willingness, in
many of the lords, to have recalled it, if it might
have been.

So with my best prayers for your majesty's preserva-
tion], I rest

Your Majesty's most bounden
and most devoted servant,

FK. ST. ALBAN, Cane.
Thursday, at eleven of our forenoon [March 8, 1620.]

To the Marquis of BUCKINGHAM (a).
j\hj very good Lord,

YOUR lordship spoke of purgatory. I am now in
it; but my mind is in a calm ; for my fortune is not
my felicity. I know I have clean hands, and a clean

(«) This letter seems to have been written soon after lord St. Alban
began to be accused of abuses in his office of chancellor.

278 Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

heart ; and, I hope, a clean house for friends or serr
vants. But Job himself, or whosoever was the justest
judge, by such hunting for matters against him, as
hath been used against me, may for a time seem foul,
especially in a time, when greatness is the mark, and
accusation is the game. And if this be to be a chan-
cellor, I think, if the great seal lay upon Hounslow
Heath, nobody would take it up. But the king and
your lordship will, I hope, put an end to these my
straits one way or other. And in troth that, which I
fear most, is, lest continual attendance and business,
together with these cares, and want of time to do my
weak body right this spring by diet and physic, will
cast me down ; and that it will be thought feinging,
or fainting. But I hope in God I shall hold out. God
prosper you.

To the Chancellor of the Duchy, Sir HUM-
PHREY MAY.

Good Mr. Chancellor,

THERE will come, upon Friday, before you a pa-
tent (a) of his majesty's for the separation of the com-
pany of apothecaries from the company of grocers,,'
and their survey, and the erecting them into a corpo-
ration of themselves under the survey ofr the physi-
cians. It is, as I conceive, a fair business both for
law and conveniency, and a work, which the king
made his own, and did, and, as I hear, doth take
much to heart. It is infavorem vittf, where the other
part is in favorem lucri. You may perhaps think me
partial to apothecaries, that have been ever puddering
in physic all rny life. But there is a circumstance,
that touches upon me but post diem, for it is compre-

(a) The patent for incorporating the apothecaries by themselves,

by the appellation of The masters, wardens, and society of the art and

jnysteiy of apothecaries of London, was dated December 6, 1617.

They had been incorporated with the company of grocers, April ?,

1606.

Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

bended in the charge and sentence passed upon me.
It is true, that after I had put the seal to the patent,
the apothecaries (b) presented me with an hundred
pounds. It was no judicial affair. But howsoever, as it
may not be defended, so I would be glad it were not
raked up more than needs. I doubt only the chair (c)9
because I hear he useth names sharply ; and besides,
it may be, he hath a tooth at me yet, which is not
fallen out with age. But the best is, as one saith,
sal is est lapsos non v erigere ; urge re verb jacentes, aid
pracipit antes impeller*, certc est inhumanum. Mr.
Chancellor, if you will be nobly pleased to grace me
upon this occasion, by shewing tenderness of my name,
and commiseration of my fortune, there is no man in
that assembly, from whose mouth I had rather it
should come. I hope it will be no dishonour to you.
It will oblige me much, and be a worthy fruit of our
last reintegration of friendship. I rest

Your faithful friend to do you service.

(b} His lordship being charged by the house of commons, that he
had received 1001. of the new company of apothecaries, that stood
.against the grocers, as likewise a taster of gold worth between 400
and .5001. with a present of ambergrhe, from the apothecaries that
stood with thegrocsrs, and 2001. of the grocers ; he admits the several
sums to have been received of the three parties, but alledges,
that he considered those presents as no judicial business, but a con-
cord of composition between the parties : and as he thought they
had all three received good, and they were all common purses, he
thought it the less matter to receive what they voluntarily pre-
sented ; for if he had taken it in the nature of a bribe, he knew it
could not be concealed, because it must be put to the account of
the three several companies."

(c] Sir Robert Philips was chairman of the committee of the house
of commons for inquiring into the abuses of the courts of justice. He
was son of Sir Edward Philips, Master of the Rolls, who died Sep-
tember 11, 1614, being succeeded by Sir Julius Caesar, to whom the
king had given, January 16, 16 10-1 i< under the great seal, there-
version of that post.

28O Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

Memoranda of what the Lord CHANCELLOR in-
tended to deliver to the KING, April 16, 1621
(a), upon his first access to his Majessy after his
troubles.

THAT howsoever it goeth with me, I think my-
self infinitely bound to his majesty for admitting me
to touch the hem of his garment ; and that, according
to my faith, so be it unto me.

(«) A committee of the House of Commons had been appointed
about the 12th of March, 1620-1, to inspect the abuses of the courts
Of justice, of which Sir Edward Sackville was named the chairman,
but by reason of some indisposition, Sir Robert Philips was chosen
in his room. The first thing they fell upon was bribery and cor-
ruption, of which the lord chancellor was accused by Mr. Christopher
Aubrey and Mr. Edward Egerton ; who affirmed, that they had pro-
cured money to be given to his lordship to promote their causes de-
pending before him. This charge being corroborated by some cir-
cumstances, a report of it was made from the committee to the house,
on Thursday, the 15th of March ; and a second on the 17th, of other
matters of the same nature, charged upon his lordship. The heads
of the accusation having been drawn up, were presented by the com^
mons to the lords, in a conference, on Monday, the 19th of the same
month. The subject of this conference being reported, the next day,
to the house of lords, by the lord treasurer,, the marquis of Bucking-
ham presented to their lordships a letter to them from the lord chan-
cellor, dated that day. Upon this letter, answer was sent from the
lords to the lord chancellor, on the 20th, that they had received his
letter, and intended to proceed in his cause, now before them, ac-
cording to the rule of justice, desiring his lordship to provide for his
just defence. The next day, March 21, the commons sent to the
lords a farther charge against the lord chancellor ; and their lordships
in the mean time, examined the complaints against him, and witnes-
ses in the house, and appointed a select committee of themselves to
take examinations likewise. Towards the latter end of March the
session was discontinued for some time, in hopes, as it was imagined,
of softening the lord chancellor's fall ; but, upon the re-assembling of
the parliament, more complaints being daily represented, on Wed-
nesday, April 24, the prince signified untothe lord*, that his lordship
had sent a submission, dated the 22d. Which the lords having con-
sidered, and heard the collection of corruptions charged on him, and
the proofs read, they • ent a copy of the same, without the proofs, to
him, by baron Denham and Mr. Attorney -general, with this message,
that his lordship's confession was not fully set down by him ; and that
they had therefore sent him the particular charge, and expected his

Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon. 281

That I ought also humbly to thank his majesty for
that, in that excellent speech of his, which is printed,
that speech of so great maturity, wherein the ele-
ments are so well mingled, by kindling affection, by
washing away aspersion, by establishing of opinion,
and yet giving way to opinion, I do find some pas-
sages, which I do construe to my advantage.

And lastly, I have heard from my friends, that,
notwithstanding these waves of information, his
majesty mentions my name with grace and favour.

In the next place, I am to make an oblation of
myself into his majesty's hands, that, as I wrote to him,
I am as clay in his hands, his majesty may make a
vessel of honour or dishonour of me, as I find favour
in his eyes; and that I submit myself wholly to his
grace and mercy, and to be governed both in my
cause and fortunes by his direction, knowing that his
heart is inscrutable for good. Only I may express my-
self thus far, that my desire is, that the thread, or
line, of my life, may be no longer than the thread, or
line, of my service : I mean, that I may be of use
to your majesty in one kind or other.

Now for any farther speech, I would humbly pray
his majesty 3 that whatsoever the law of nature shall

answer to it with all convenient expedition. To which he answered,
that he would return their lordships an answer with speed. On the
25th of April, the lords considered of his said answer, and sent a se-
cond message by the same persons, that having received a doubtful
answer to their message, sent him the day before, they now sent to
him again, to know directly and presently, whether his lordship
would make his confession, or stand upon his defence. His answer,
returned by the same messengers, was, that he would make no man-
ner of defence, but meant to acknowledge corruption, and to make a
particular confession to every point, and alter that an humble submis-
sion ; but humbly craved liberty, that where the charge was more
full than he finds the truth of the fact, he may make declaration of
the truth in such particulars, the charge being brief, and containing
not all circumstances. The lords sent the same messengers, to let
him know, that they granted him time to do this till the Monday
following; when he sent his confession and submission ; which being
avowed by him to several lords, sent to him, the lords resolved, on
the 2d of May, to proceed to sentence him the next morning, and
summoned him to attend ; which he excusing, on account of being
confined to his bed by sickness, they gave judgment accordingly on the
3d of May, 1621.

282 Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

teach me to speak for my own preservation, your ma-
jesty will understand it to be in such sort, as I do never-
theless depend wholly upon your will and pleasure.
And under this submission, if your majesty will gra-
ciously give me the hearing, I will open my heart
unto you, both touching my fault, and fortune.

For the former of these, I shall deal ingenuously
with your majesty, without seeking fig-leaves or
subterfuges.

There be three degrees, or cases, as I conceive, of
gifts and rewards given to a judge :

The first is of bargain, contract, or promise of re-
ward, pendente lite. And this is properly called
venalis sententia, or baratria, or corrupted munerum.
And of this, my heart tells me, I am innocent; that
I had no bribe or reward in my eye or thought, when
I pronounced any sentence or order.

The second is a neglect in the judge to inform
himself, whether the cause be fully at an end, or no,
what time he receives the gift but takes it upon the
credit of the party, that all is done ; or otherwise
omits to inquire.

And the third is, when it is received sine fraude,
after the cause ended; which, it seems by the opi-
nion of the civilians, is no offence. Look into the
the case of simony, &c.

Draught of another paper to the same purpose.

THERE be three degrees, or cases, of bribery,
charged, or supposed, in a judge :
» The first, of bargain, or contract, for reward to
prevert justice.

The second, where the judge conceives the cause
to be at an end, by the information of the party, or
otherwise, useth not such diligence, as he ought, to
inquire of it. And the third, when the cause is
really ended, and it is sine fraude, without relation
to any precedent promise.

Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon. 283

Now if I might see the particulars of my charge,
I should deal plainly with your majesty, in whether
of these degrees every particular case falls.

But for the first of them, I take myself to be as in-
nocent, as any born upon St. Innocents day, in my
heart.

For the second, I doubt, in some particulars I may
be faulty.

And for the last, I conceived it to be no fault;
but therein I desire to be better informed, that I may
be twice penitent, once for the fact, and again for
the error. For I had rather be a briber, than a de-
fender of bribes.

I must likewise confess to your majesty, that at
new-years tides, and likewise at my first coming in,
which was, as it were, my wedding, I did not so
precisely, as perhaps I ought, examine whether
those, that presented me, had causes before me, yea
or no.

And this is simply all, that I can say for the pre
sent, concerning my charge, until I may receive
it more particularly. And all this while, I do not
fly to that, as to say, that these things are vitia tem-
poris* and not vitia hominis.

For my fortune, summa summorum with me is,
that I may not be made altogether unprofitable to do
your majesty service, or honour. If your majesty con-
tinue me as I am, I hope I shall be a new man, and
shall reform things out of feeling, more than another
can do out of example. If 1 cast part of my burden,
I shall be more strong and delivrc to bear the rest.
And, to tell your majesty what my thoughts run upon,
I think of writing a story of England, and of re-
compiling of your laws into a better digest.

But to conclude, I most humbly pray your ma-
jesty's directions and advice. For as your majesty
hath used to give me the attribute of care of your
business , so I must now cast the care of myself upon
God and you.

£ 84 Letters > etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

Notes upon MICHAEL DE LA POLE'S Case (a)

IQltich. 2. THE offences were of three natures :

1 . Deceits to the king.

2. Misgovernance in point of estate, whereby the
ordinances made by ten commissioners for reforma-
tion of the state were frustrated, and the city of
Ghent, in foreign parts, lost.

3. And his setting the seal to pardons for murders,
and other enormous crimes.

The judgment was imprisonment, fine, and ran-
som, and restitution to the king, but no disablement,
nor making him uncapable, no degrading in honour
mentioned in the judgment : but contrariwise, in the
clause, that restitution should be made and levied out
of his lands and goods, it is expressly said, that be-
cause his honour of carl was not taken from him,
therefore his 20l. per annum creation money should
not be meddled with.

Observations upon THORPE'S Case.

24 Edw. 3. His offence was, taking of money from
five several persons, that were felons, for staying
their process of exigent; for that it made him a kind
of accessary of felony, and touched upon matter
capital.

The judgment was the judgment of felony : but the
proceeding had many things strong and new; first,
the proceeding was by commission of oyer and termi-
ner> and by jury ; and not by parliament.

The judgment is recited to be given in the king's
high and sovereign power.

It is recited likewise, that the king, when he made
him chief justice, and increased his wages, did ore

(a) This paper was probably drawn up on occasion of the pro-
ceedings and judgment passed upon the lord viscount St. Alban
by the house oi'lords, May 3, 1C521.

Letters etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon. 285

tenussay to him, in the presence of his council, that
now if he bribed he would hang him : unto which
penance, for so the record called it, he submitted him-
self. So it was a judgment by a contract.

His oath likewise, which was devised some few years
before, which is very strict in words, that he shall take
no reward, neither before nor after, is chiefly in-
sisted upon. And that, which is more to be ob-
served, there is a precise proviso, that the judgment
and proceeding shall not be drawn into example
against any, and specially not against any who have
not taken the like oath: which the lord chancellor,
lord treasurer, master of the wards, &c. take not, but
only the judges of both benches, and baron of the
exchequer.

The king pardoned him presently after, doubting,
as it seems, that the judgment was erroneous, both in
matter and form of proceeding; brought it before
the lords of parliament, who affirmed the judgment,
and gave authority to the king in the like cases, for
the time to come, to call to him what lords it pleased
him, and to adjudge them.

Notes upon Sir JOHN LEE'S Case, Steward of the
King's Houshold.

44 Edw. 3. His offences were, great oppressions in
usurpation of authority, in attacking and imprisoning
in the Tower, and other prisons, numbers of the king's
subjects, for causes no ways appertaining to his juris-
diction ; and for discharging an appellant of felony
without warrant, and for deceit of the king, and ex-
tortions.

His judgment was only imprisonment in the
Tower, until he. had made a fine and ransom at the
king's wills and no more.

23$ Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

Notes upon Lord LATIMER'S Case*

50 Edw. 3. His offences were very high and hainous,
drawing upon high treason: as the extortions taking
of victuals in Bretagne, to a great value, without pay-
ing any thing; and for ransoming divers parishes
there to the sum of 83,0001. contrary to the articles of
truce proclaimed by the king ; for suffering his depu-
ties and lieutenants in Bretagne to exact, upon the
towns and countries there, divers sums of money, to the
sum of 150,000 crowns; for sharing with Richard
Lyons in his deceit of the king; for enlarging, by his
own authority, divers felons; and divers other exor-
bitant offences.

Notwithstanding all this, his judgment was only to
be committed to the Marshalsea, and to make fine
and ransom at the king's will.

But after, at the suit of the commons, in regard of
those horrible and treasonable offences, he was1 dis-
placed from his office, and disabled to be of the
king's council ; but his honours not touched, and he
was presently bailed by some of the lords, and suf-
fered to go at large.

JOHN Lord NEVILLE'S Case.

50 Edw. 3. His offences were, the not supplying
the full number of the soldiers' in Bretagne, according
to the allowance of the king's pay. And the second
was for buying certain debts, due from the king, to his
own lucre, and giving the parties small recompence,
and specially in a case of the lady Ravensholme.

And it was prayed by the commons that he might
be put out of office about the king: but there was no
judgment given upon that prayer, but only of restitu-
tion to the lady, and a general clause of being pu-
nished according to his dements.

Letters, etc* of Lord Chancellor Bacon. 237

To the Count GONDOMAR, Ambassador from the
Court of Spain.

Illustrissime Domine Legate,

AMOREM illustrissimae Dominationis tuae erga
me, ej usque et fervorem et candorern^ tarn in prospo
ris rebus, quam in adversis, xquabili tenore constan-
tern perspexi. Quo nomine tibi meritas et debitas gra-
tias ago. Me vero jam vocat et aetas, et fortuna, at-
que etiam genius meus, cui adhuc satis morose salis-
feci, ut excedens e theatre rerum civilium literis me
dedam, et ipsos actores instruara, et posteritati ser-
viam. Id rnihi fortasse honori erit, et degam tan-
quam in atriis vitas melioris.

Deus illustrissimam Dominationem tuam incolu-
mem servet et prosperarru

Servus tuns,

Junii 6, 1 621 . FR. ST. AtB AN",

To Count GONDOMAR (a).

Illustrissime et excclkntissime Domine,

PERSPEXI et agnosco providentiam divinam,
quod in tanta solitudine mihi tanquam coelitus susci-
taverit talem amicum, qui tantis implicatus negotiis,
et in tantis temporis angustiis, curam mei habuerit,
idque pro me effecerit, quod alii amici mei aut noa
ausi sint tentare, aut obtinere non potuerint. Atque
illustrissimae Domination! tuae reddent fructum pro-
prium et perpetuum mores tui tarn generosi, et erga
omnia officia humanitatis et honoris propensi ; neque
erit fortasse inter opera tua hoc minimum, quod me,
qiii et aliquisfui apud vivos, neque omnino intermo-

(«) In the letters, memoirs, S?c. of the lord chancellor Bacon,
published by Mr. Stephens, in 1736, p. 517, is a Spanish letter
to him from count Gondomar, dated at London, June 14, .1621.

288 Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

riar apud posteros, ope et gratia tua erexeris, confir-
maris: Ego quid possum ? Ero tandem tuus, si mi-
nus usufructu, at saltern affectu, voto. Sub cineribus
fortunse vivi erunt semper ignes amoris. Te igitur
humillime saluto, ,tibi valedico, omnia prospera ex-
opto, gratitudinem Tester, observantiam polliceor.

Illustrissimo et excellentissimo Do. Do. Didaco Sarmi-
ento de Acunna, Comiti de Gondomar, Legato Regis
Hispaniarum extraor dinar io in Anglid.

To the Marquis of BUCKINGHAM (a].

My very good Lord,

I HUMBLY thank your lordship for the grace
and favour which you did both to the message and
messenger, in bringing Mr. Meautys to kiss his ma-
jesty's hands, and to receive his pleasure. My riches
in my adversity hath been, that I have had a good
master, a good friend, and a good servant.

Perceiving, by Mr. Meautys, his majesty's inclina-
tion, it shall be, as it hath ever used to be to me, instead
of a direction ; and therefore I purpose to go forth-
with to Gorhambury, humbly thanking his majesty
nevertheless, that he was graciously pleased to have
acquainted my lords with my desire, if it had stood
me so much upon. But his majesty knoweth best the
times and seasons; and to his grace I submit myself,
desiring his majesty and your lordship to take my
letters from the Tower, as written de profundis, and
those I continue to write to be ex aquis salsis.

[June 22, 1621.]

Indorsed,

To lord Buckingham, upon bringing Mr. Meautys to
kiss the king's hands.

(«) This letter is reprinted here, because it differs, in some re-
spects, from that published in letters, memoirs, parliamentary affairs,
state papers, $c. by Robert Stephens, Esq; p. 151. Edit. London
17 36, 4to.

Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon. * 289

To the Marquis of BUCKINGHAM.

My very good Lord,

I HAVE written, as I thought it decent in me to
do, to his majesty, the letter I send inclosed. I have
great faith that your lordship, now nobly and like
yourself, will effect with his majesty. In this the king
is of himself, and it hath no relation to parliament. I
have written also, as your lordship advised me, only
touching that point of means. I have lived hitherto
upon the scraps of my former fortunes ; and I shall
not be able to hold out longer. Therefore I hope
your lordship will now, according to the loving pro-
mises and hopes given, settle my poor fortunes, or ra-
ther my being. I am much fallen in love with a pri-
vate life j but yet I shall so spend my time, as shall
not decay my abilities for use.

God preserve and prosper your lordship.

[Sept. 5, 1621.]

To the PRINCE.

May it please your Highness,

I CANNOT too oft acknowledge your high-
ness's favour in my troubles ; but acknowledgment
now is but begging of new favour. Yet even that is
not inconvenient; for thanksgiving and petition go
well together, even to God himself. My humble
suit to your highness, that I may be thought on for
means to subsist ;*and to that purpose, that your high-
ness will join with my noble friend to the king. That
done, I shall ever be ready, either at God's call, or his
majesty's, and as happy, to my thinking, as a man can
be, that must leave to serve such a king.

God preserve and prosper your highness.

VOL. vi. u

290 Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

On the back of the draughts of the three preceding letters
were written the following memoranda.

Bishops Winchester (a)9 Durham (b), London (c).

Lord Duke (d), Lord Hunsdon.

Lord Chamberlain (e), to thank him for his kind
remembrance by you ; and though in this private for-
tune I shall have use of few friends, yet I cannot but
Acknowledge the moderation and affection his lord-
ship shewed in my business, and desire, that of those
few his lordship will still be one for my comfort, in
whatsoever may cross his way, for the furtherance of
my private life and fortune.

Mr. John Murray. If there be any thing that
may concern me, that is fit for him to speak, and me
to know, that I may receive it by you.

Mr. Maxwell, That I am sorry, that so soon as I
came to know him, and to be beholding to him, I
wanted power to be of use to him.

Lord of Kelly ; and to acquaint him with that part
touching the confinement.

To the KING,

It may please your Majesty,

NOW that your majesty hath passed the recreation
of your progress, there is nevertheless one kind of re-
creation, which, I know, remaineth with your majesty
all the year ; which is to do good, and to exercise
your clemency and beneficence. I shall never mea-
sure my poor service by the merit^which perhaps is
small, but by the acceptation, which hath been al-
ways favourably great. I have served your majesty
now seventeen years; and since my first service, which
was in the commission of the union, I received from
your majesty never chiding or rebuke, but always

(a) Dr. Andrews. (b} Dr. Richard Neile.

(c) Dr. George Mountain. (d) Lenox.

(c] William, earl of Pembroke.

Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor 'Bacon. 291

sweetness and thanks. Neither was I, in these seven-
teen years, ever chargeable to your majesty, but got
my means in an honourable sweat of my labour, save
that of late your majesty was graciously pleased to
bestow upon me the pension of twelve hundred
pounds for a few years. For in that other poor prop
of my estate, which is the farming of the petty writs,
I improved your majesty's revenue by four hundred
pounds the year. And likewise, when I received the
seal, I left both the Attorney's place, which was a
gainful place, and the clerkship of the Star-Chamber,
which was queen Elizabeth's favour, and was worth
twelve hundred pounds by the year, which would
have been a good commendam. The honours which
your majesty hath done me, have put me above the
means to get my living; and the misery I am fallen
into hath put me below the means to subsist as I am.
I hope my courses shall be such, for this little end of
my thread which remaineth, as your majesty, in doing
me good, may do good to many, both that live now,
and shall be born hereafter. I have been the keeper
of your seal, and now am your beadsman. Let your
own royal heart, and my noble friend, speak the rest.
God preserve and prosper your majesty.

Your Majesty's faithful

poor servant and beadsman,

September 5, 1621 . FR. ST. ALBAN.

Cardinal Wolsey said, that if he had pleased God
as he pleased the king, he had not been ruined. My
conscience saith no such thing ; for I know not but
in serving you I have served God in one. But it may
be, if I had pleased God as I had pleased you, it
would have been better with me.

To the KING.

It may please your most excellent Majesty,
I DO very humbly thank your majesty for your
gracious remission of my fine. I can now, I thank
God and you, die, and make a will.

u 2

292 Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

I desire to do, for the little time God shall send me
life, like the merchants of London, which, when they
give over trade, lay out their money upon land. So*,
being freed from civil business, I lay forth my poor
talent upon those things which may be perpetual, still
having relation to do you honour with those powers I
have left.

I have therefore chosen to write the reign of king
Henry the Vllth, who was in sort your forerunner, and
whose spirit, as well as his blood, is doubled upon your
majesty.

I durst not have presumed to intreat your majesty
to look over the book, and correct it, or at least to sig-
nify what you would have amended. But since you
are pleased to send for the book, I will hope for it.

[(a) God knoweth, whether ever I shall see you
again ; but I will pray for you to the last gasp,
resting]

The same, your true beadsman,

October 8, 1621. FR. Sr. ALBAN.

Grant of Pardon to the Viscount ST. ALBAN,
under the Privy Seal (&).

A SPECIAL pardon granted unto Francis, Viscount
St. Alban, for all felonies done and committed against
the common laws and statutes of this realm ; and for
all offences of praemunire ; and for all misprisions,
riots, &c. with the restitution of all his lands and
goods forfeited by reason of any of the premises ; ex-
cept out of the same pardon all treasons, murders,
rapes, incest ; and except also all fines, imprison-
ments, penalties, and forfeitures, adjudged against the
said Viscount St. Alban, by a sentence lately made
in the parliament. Teste Rege apud Westm. 17 die
Octob. anno Regni sui 19.

Per lettre de private sigillo.

(a) This passage has a line drawn over it.

(b) Cotton Library, Titus Book VII.

Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon. 293

Dr. WILLIAMS, Bishop of Lincoln elect, and Lord
Keeper of the Great Seal, to the Viscount
ST. ALBAN.

My very good Lord,

HAVING perused a privy seal, containing a par-
don for your lordship, and thought seriously thereupon,
I find, that the passing of the same, the assembly in
parliament so near approaching («), cannot but be
much prejudicial to the service of the king, to the ho-
nour of my lord of Buckingham, to that commisera-
tion which otherwise would be had of your lordship's
present estate, and especially to my judgment and
fidelity. I have ever affectionately loved your lord-
ship's many and most excellent good parts and en-
dowments ; nor had ever cause to disaffect your lord-
ship's person. So as no respect in the world, beside
the former considerations, could have drawn me to
add the least affliction, or discontentment, unto your
lordship's present fortune. May it therefore please
your lordship to suspend the passing of this pardon,
until the next assembly be over and dissolved; and I
will be then as ready to seal it as your lordship to ac-
cept of it; and, in the mean time, undertake, that the
king and my lord admiral shall interpret this short
delay as a service and respect issuing wholly from
your lordship ; and rest, in all other offices whatso-
ever,

Your Lordship's faithful servant,

Jo. LINCOLN, elect. Custos Sigilli.

Westminster-College, October 18, 1521.

To the right honourable his very good lord, the lord
viscount St. Alban.

(a] It met November 24-, 1621 > and was dissolved, February 8,
1621 -2,

291 Letters > etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

To the Lord KEEPER.

My very good Lord,

I KNOW the reasons must appear to your lord-
ship many and weighty, which should move you to
stop the king's grace, or to dissuade it ; and somewhat
the more in respect of my person, being, I hope, no
unfit subject for noble dealing. The message I re-
ceived by Mr. Meautys did import inconvenience, in
the form of the pardon ; your lordship's last letter, in
the time : for, as for the matter, it lay so fair for his
majesty's and my lord of Buckingham's own know-
lenge, as I conceive your lordship doth not aim at that.
My affliction hath made me understand myself better,
and not worse ; yet loving advice, I know, helps well.
Therefore I send Mr. Meautys to your lordship, that
I might reap so much your fruit of your lordship's
professed good affection, as to know in some more
particular fashion, what it is that your lordship doubt-
eth, or disliketh (a), that I may the better endeavour
your satisfaction, or acquiescence, if there be cause.
So I rest

Your Lordship's to do you service,

October 18, 1621. FR. ST. ALBAN.

Petition of the Lord Viscount ST, ALBAN, in-
tended for the House of Lords.

My right honourable very good Lords,
IN all humbleness, acknowledging your lordship's
justice, I do now in like manner crave and implore
your grace and compassion. I am old, weak, ruined,
in want, a very subject of pity. My only suit to your
lordship's is, to shew me your noble favour towards the

(a) The lord keeper, in a letter to the marquis of Buckingham,
dated October 27, 1621, printed in the Cabala, p. 60. Edit. London,
16M, gives his reasons, why he hesitated to seal that pardon.

Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon. 295

release of my confinement, so every confinement is,
and to me, I protest, worse than the Tower (a). There
I could have company, physicians, conference with
rny creditors and friends about my debts, and the
necessities of my estate, helps for my studies and the
writings I have in hand. Here 1 live upon the sword-
point of a sharp air, endangered if I go abroad, dulled
if I stay within, solitary and comfortless without com-
pany, banished from all opportunities to treat with
any to do myself good, and to help out any wrecks ;
and that, which is one of my greatest griefs, my wife,
that hath been no partaker of my offending, must be
partaker of this misery of my restraint.

May it please your lordships, therefore, since there
is a time for justice, and a time for mercy, to think
with compassion upon that which I have already suf-
fered, which is not little ; and to recommend this my
humble, and, as I hope, modest suit to his most ex^
cellent majesty, the fountain of grace, of whose mercy,
for so much as concerns himself merely, I have already
tasted, and likewise of his favour of this very kind, by
some small temporary dispensations.

Herein your lordships shall do a work of charity and
nobility : you shall do me good ; you shall do my cre-
ditors good ; and, it may be, you shall do posterity
good, if out of the carcase of dead and rotten great-
ness, as out of Samson's lion, there may be honey ga-
thered for the use of future times.

God bless your persons and counsels.

Your Lordship's supplicant and servant,

FR. Sr. ALB AN.
Indorsed,

Copy of the petition intended for the house of par-
liament.

(«) He had been committed to the Tower, in May, 1621, and
discharged after two days confinement there, according to Caniden,
Annales Regis Jacobi I. p. 71. There is a letter of his lordship to
the marquis of Buckingham, dated from the Tower, May 31, 1621,
desiring his lordship to procure his discharge that day.

296 Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

• i

To JOHN Lord DIGBY (a).

My very good Lord,

RECEIVING, by Mr. Johnson, your loving sa-
lutations, it made me call to mind many of your
lordship's tokens, yea, and pledges of good and
hearty affection in both my fortunes; for which I
shall be ever yours. I pray, my lord, if occasion serve,
give me your good word to the king, for the release
of my confinement, which is to me a very strait kind
of imprisonment. I am no Jesuit, nor no leper, but
one that served his majesty these sixteen years, even
from the commission of the union till this last parlia-
ment, and ever had many thanks of his majesty, and
was never chidden. This his majesty, I know, will
remember, at one time or other ; for I am his man
still.

God keep your lordship.

Your Lordship's most affectionate to do you service,

Gorhambury, this last FR. Sr. ALB AN.

of December, 1621.

To the Lord Viscount ST. ALBAN (6).

My honourable Lord,

I HAVE received your lordship's letter, and have
been long thinking upon it, and the longer the less
able to make answer unto it. Therefore if your
lordship will be pleased to .send any understanding
man unto me, to whom I may, in discourse, open my-
self, I will, by that means, so discover my heart with
all freedom, which were too long to do by letter,

(«) Created so in November, 1618, and in September, 1622, carl
of Bristol,

(6) Harl. MSS. Vol. 7000.

. Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon. 297

especially in this time of parliament business, that
your lordship shall receive satisfaction. In the mean
time I rest,

Your Lordship' s faithful servant,

Royston, Dec. 16, [1621]. G. BUCKINGHAM.

To the Marquis of BUCKINGHAM.

My very good Lord,

THE reason why I was so desirous to have had
conference with your lordship at London, was indeed
to save you the trouble of writing: I mean, the rea-
son in the second place ; for the chief was to see your
lordship. But since you are pleased to give me the
liberty to send to your lordship, one to whom you will
deliver your mind, I take that in so good part, as I
think myself tied the more to use that liberty modest-
ly. Wherefore, if your lordship will vouchsafe to
send to me one of your own, except I might have
leave to come to London, either Mr. Packer, my an-
tient friend, or Mr. Aylesbury (a), of whose good
affection towards me I have heard report ; to me it
shall be indifferent. But if your lordship will have
one of my nomination, if I might presume so far, I
would name before all others, my lord of Falkland.
But because perhaps it may cost him a journey, which
I may not in good manners desire, I have thought of
Sir Edward Sackville, Sir Robert Mansel, my bro-
ther, Mr. Solicitor-general (b}9 who, though he be
almost a stranger to me, yet, as my case now is, I had
rather employ a man of good nature than a friend, and
Sir Arthur Ingram, notwithstanding he be great with
my lord Treasurer. Of these, if your lordship will be
pleased to prick one, I hope well I shall entreat him to

(«) Thomas Aylesbury, Esq. secretary to the marquis of Backing*
ham as lord high admiral. He was created a baronet in 1 627. Lord
chancellor Clarendon married his daughter Frances.

(6) Sir Robert Heath, made solicitor in January, 1620-1.

29 S Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

attend your lordship, and to be sorry never a whit of
the employment. Your lordship may take your own
time to signify your will, in regard of the present
business of parliament. But my time was confined,
by due respect to write a present answer to a letter,
which I construed to be a kind letter, and such
as giveth me yet hope to shew myself to your
lordship

Your Lordship's most obliged friend

and faithful servant,

FR. ST. ALBAN.

Indorsed,

To the lord of Buckingham, in answer to his of the
16th of December.

A Memorial of Conference, when the Lord
Viscount St, ALBAN expected the Marquis of
BUCKINGHAM.

My Lord Marquis,

Inducement.'] AFFLICTIONS are truly called
trials; trials of a man's self, and trials of friends.
For the first, I am not guilty to myself of any unwor-
thiness, except perhaps, too much softness in the be-
ginning of my troubles. But since, I praise God, I
have not lived like a drone, nor like a mal-content,
nor like a man confused. But though the world
hath taken her talent from me, yet God's talent I
put to use.

For trial of friends, he cannot have many friends,
that hath chosen to rely upon one. So that is in a
small room, ending in yourself. My suit therefore to
you is, that you would now, upon this vouchsafed
conference, open yourself to me, whether I stand in
your favour and affection, as I have done , and if
there be an alteration, what is the cause ; and if none,
what effects I may expect for the future of your friend-
ship and favour, my state being not unknown to you.

Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon. 299

Reasons of doubting ] The reasons, why I should
doubt of your lordship's coolness towards me, or fall-
ing from me, are either out of judgment and discourse,
or out of experience, and somewhat that I find. My
judgment telleth, that when a man is out of sight and
out of use, it is a nobleness somewhat above this age
to continue a constant friend : that some, that are
thought to have your ear, or more, love me not, and
may either disvalue me, or distaste your lordship with
me. Besides, your lordship hath now so many, either
new-purchased friends, or reconciled enemies, as
there is scarce room for an old friend specially set
aside. And lastly, I may doubt, that that, for which
1 was fittest, which was to carry things suavibus modis,
and not to bristle, or undertake, or give venturous
counsels, is out of fashion and request.

As for that, I find your lordship knoweth, as well
as 1, what promises you made me, and iterated them
back by message, and from your mouth, consisting of
three things: the pardon of the whole sentence; some
help for my debts, and an an annual pension, which
your lordship did set at 20001, as obtained, and
30001. in hope. Of these being promises undesired,
as well as favours undeserved, there is effected only
the remission of the fine, and the pardon now stayed.
From me I know there hath proceeded nothing, that
may cause the change. These I lay before you, de-
siring to know, what I may hope for ; for hopes are
racks, and your lordship, that would not condemn
me to the Tower, I know will not condemn me to
the rack.

The pardon stayedJ] I have, though it be a thing
trivial, and that at a coronation one might have it for
five marks, and after a parliament for nothing, yet
have great reason to desire it, specially being now
stirred : chiefly, first, because I have been so sifted ;
and now it is time there were an end. Secondly, be-
cause I mean to live a retired life; and so cannot be
at hand to shake off any clamour.

For any offence the parliament should take, it is ra-
ther honour, than in a thing, wherein the king is ab~

300 Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

solute, yet he will not interpose in that, which the
parliament hath handled; and the king hath already
restored judicature, after a long intermission : but for
matter of his grace, his majesty shall have reason to
keep it entire.

I do not think any, except a Turk or Tartar,
would wish to have another chop out of me. But the
best is, it will be found there is a time for envy, and a
time for pity; and cold fragments will not serve, if the
stomach be on edge. For me, if they judge by that,
which is past, they judge of the weather of this year
by an almanack of the old year; they rather repent of
that they have done, and think they have but served
the turns of a few.

THOMAS MEAUTYS, Esq. (ajto the Lord Viscount
ST. ALBAN.

May It please your Lordship,

AS soon as I came to London, I repaired to Sir Ed-
ward Sackville (b), whom I fincl very zealous, as I told
your lordship. I left him to do you service, in any
particular you shall command him, to my lord mar-
quis, though it were with some adventure; and withal
he imparted to me what advice he had given to my
lady this afternoon, upon his visiting of her at York-
house, when Mr. Packer also, as it fell out, was
come, at the same time, to see my lady, and seemed
to concur with Sir Edward Sackville in the same
ways ; which were, for my lady to become a suitor to

(</) He had been secretary to the lord viscount St. Alban, while his
lordship had the great seal, and was afterwards clerk of the council,
and knighted. He succeeded his patron in the manor of Gorham-
bury, which, after the death of Sir Thomas, came to his cousin and
heir, Sir Thomas Meautys, who married Anne, daughter of Sir Na~
thaniel Bacon, of Culford-Hall in Suffolk, knight; which lady married
a second husband, Sir Harbottle Grimstone, baronet, and master of
the rolls; who purchased the reversion of Gorhambury, from Sir
Hercules Meautys, nephew of the second Sir Thomas.

(b) Afterwards Earl of Dorset, well known for his duel in 1613,
with the lord Kinloss, in which the latter was killed,

Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

my lady Buckingham (c), and my lady marchioness
(d), to work my lord marquis for obtaining of the
king some bounty towards your lordship ; and in par-
ticular, that of the thousand pounds for the small
writs. If 1 may speak my opinion to your lordship, it
is not amiss to begin anyway, or with any particular,
though but small game at first, only to set a rusty
clock a-going, and then haply it may go right for a
time, enough to bring on the rest of your lordship's re-
quests. Yet because your lordship directed me to wish
my lady, from you, by no means, to act any thing, but
only to open her mind, in discourse, unto friends, un-
til she should receive your farther direction ; it be-
came not me to be too forward in putting it on too fast
with Sir Edward ; and my lady was pleased to tell me
since, that she hath written to your lordship at large.

I inquired, even now, of Benbow, whether the
proclamation for dissolvingthe parliament were coming
forth. He tells me he knows no more certainty of it
than that Mr. Secretary commanded him yesterday to
be ready for dispatching of the writs, when he should
be called for ; but since then he hears it sticks, and
endures some qualms ; but they speak it still aloud at
court that the king is resolved of it.

Benbow tells me likewise, that he hath attended,
these two days, upon a committee of the lords, with
the book of the commission of peace ; and that their
work is* to empty the commission in some counties by
the score, and many of them parliament-men : which
course sure helps to ring the passing-bell to the parlia-
ment.

Mr. Borough (e) tells me, he is at this present fain
to attend some service for the king ; but about Saturday

(c) Mary, countess of Buckingham, mother of the marquis. '

(d) Catharine, marchioness of Buckingham, wife of the marquis,
and only daughter and heir of Francis, earl of Rutland.

(e) John Borough, educated in common law at Gray's-Irm, keeper
of the records of the tower of London, secretary to the earl marshal,
in 1523 made Norroy; in July the year following knighted, and on
the 23d of December, the same year, made garter king at arms in
the placeofSir William Segar, he died October 21, 164-3.

302 Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

he hopes to be at liberty to wait upon your lordship. I
humbly rest

Your Lordship's for ever to honour and serve,

Januarys, 1621. T. MEAUTYS.

To the right honourable my most honoured lord, the
lord viscount St. Alban.

To the Lord Viscount ST. ALBAN.

May it please your Lordship,

THIS afternoon my lady found access to my lord
marquis procured for her by my lord of Montgomery
(a) and Sir Edward Sackville, who seemed to contend
which of them should shew most patience in waiting,
which they did a whole afternoon, the opportunity to
bring my lord to his chamber, where my lady attend-
ed him. But when he was come, she found time
enough to speak at large : and though my lord spake
so loud, as that what passed was no secret to me and
some others, that were within hearing ; yet, because
my lady told me she purposeth to write to your
lordship the whole passage, it becomes not me to
anticipate, by these, any part of her ladyship's re-
lation.

I send your lordship herewith the proclamation for
dissolving the parliament ; wherein there is nothing
forgotten, that we (b) have done amiss: but for most
of those things, that we have well done, we must be
fain, I see, to commend ourselves.

I delivered your lordship's to my lord of Montgo-
mery, and Mr. Matthew, who was even then come
to York-house to visit my lady, when I received the
letter; and, as soon as he had read it, he said, that
he had rather your lordship had sent him a challenge $

(a) Philip, afterwards earl of Pembroke.

(b) Mr. Meautys was member, in this parliament, for the town of
Cambridge. •

Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacdn. 303

and that it had been easier to answer, than so noble
and kind a letter. He intends to see your lordship
some time this week ; and so doth Sir Edward Sack-
ville, who is forward to make my lady a way by
the prince, if your lordship advise it.

There are packets newly come out of Spain: and
the king, they say, seems well pleased with the con-
tents ; wherein there is an absolute promise, and un-
dertaking, for restitution of the Palatinate ; the dispen-
sation returned already from the pope, and the match
hastened on their parts. My lord Digby goes shortly ;
and Mr. Matthew tells me, he means, before his going,
to write by him to your lordship.

The king goes not till Wednesday, and the prince
certainly goes with him. My lord marquis, in person,
christens my lord of Falkland's child to-morrow, at his
house by Watford.

Mr. Murray (c) tells me, the king hath given your
book (d) to my lord Brooke (e], and injoined him to
read it, recommending it much to him: and then my
lord Brooke is to return it to your lordship ; and so it
may go to the press, when your lordship pleases, with
such amendments, as the king hath made, which I have
seen, and are very few, and those rather words, as
epidemic, and mild instead ot debojinaire, 8fc. Only
that of persons attainted, enabled to serve in par-
liament by a bare reversal of their attainder, the king
by all means will have left out. I met with my lord
Brooke, and told him, that Mr. Murray had directed
me to wait upon him for the book, when he had
done with it. He desired to be spared this week,
as being to him a week of much business, and the
next week I should have it : and he ended in a
compliment, that care should be taken, by all means,

(c) Either John Murray of the king's bed-chamber, mentioned
j>bovein the letter of 21 January, 1614, or Thomas Murray, tutor
and secretary to the prince, made provost of Elton-College, in the
room of Sir Henry Saville, who died February 19, 1621-2. Mr.
Murray died likewise, April 1, 1623.

(d) The History of the Reign of King Henry the Seventh,
Cc) Fulk Grevile.

304 Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

for good ink and paper to print it in ; for that the
book deserveth it.

I beg leave to kiss your lordship's hands.

Your Lordship's in all humbleness

to honour and serve,

January 7, 1621-2. T. MfiAUTYS.

This proclamation is not yet sealed ; and therefore
your lordship may please, as yet, to keep it in your
own hands.

To the Lord Viscount ST. ALBAN.

My most honoured Lord,

1 MET, even now, with a piece of news so unex-
pected, and yet so certainly true, as that, howsoever I
had much ado, at first, to desire the relater to speak
probably; yet now I dare send it your lordship upon
my credit. It is my lord of Somerset's and his lady's
coming out of the Tower, on Saturday last (a), fetched
forth by my lord of Falkland, and without the usual
degrees of confinement, at first to some one place (b)
but absolute and free to go where they please. I know
not how peradventure this might occasion you to cast
your thoughts, touching yourself, into some new
mould, though not in the main, yet in something on
the bye.

I beg leave to kiss your lordship's hands.

Your Lordship's in all humbleness,

for ever to honour and serve you,

T. MEAUTYS.

(a) January 6, 1621-2. Camdeni Annales Regis Jacobi I. p. 77.

(b) Camden ubi supra, says, " that the earl was ordered to confine
himself to the lord viscount Wall ing ford's house or neighbourhood."

Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon. 305

LODOWIC STEWART Duke of Lenox, to the Lord
Viscount ST. ALBAN.

My Lord)

IT is not unknown to your lordship, that in respect
I am now a married man, I have more reason than be-
fore to think of providing me some house in London,
whereof I am yet destitute ; and for that purpose, I
have resolved to intreat your lordship, that I may
deal with you for York-house; wherein I will not of-
fer any conditions to your loss. And, in respect I
have understood, that the consideration of your lady's
wanting a house hath bred some difficulty in your
lordship to part with it, I will for that make offer unto
your lordship and your lady, to use the house in Can-
non-row, late the Earl of Hertford's, being a very
commodious and capable house, wherein I and my
wife have absolute power ; and whereof your lordship
shall have as long time as you can challenge or desire
of York-house. In this I do freelier deal with your
lordship, in respect I know you are well assured of
my well wishes to you in general ; and that in this
particular, though I have not been without thoughts
of this house before your lordship had it; yet I was
willing to give way to your lordship's more pressing
use thereof then. And as I do not doubt of your lord-
ship's endeavour to gratify me in this; so I shall
esteem it as an extraordinary courtesy, which I will
study to requite by all means.
So, with my best wishes to your lordship, I rest

Your Lordship's most loving friend,

LENOX.

In respect my lord of Buckingham was once desi-
rous to have had this house, I would not deal for it till
ROW, that he is otherwise provided.

Whitehall, the 29th of January, 1621.

To the right honourable my very good lord, my lord
viscount St. Alban.

VOL, VI, X

Letters, etc, of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

Answer of the Lord Viscount ST. ALB AX*

My very good Lord,

I AM sorry to deny your grace any thing ; but in
this you will pardon me. York -house is the house,
wherein my father died, and wherein I first breathed;
and there will I yield my last breath, if so please God,
and the king will give me leave ; though I be now
by fortune, as the old proverb is, like a bear in a
monk's hood. At least no money, no value, shall
make me part with it. Besides, as I never denied it
to my lord marquis, so yet the difficulty I made was
so like a denial, as I owe unto my great Jove and re-
spect to his lordship a denial to all my other friends ;
among whom, in a very near place next his lordship,
I ever account of your grace. So, not doubting, that
you will continue me in your former love and good
affection, I rest

Your Grace s, to do you humble service,

affectionate, SCc.

To the Marquis of BUCKINGHAM.

My very good Lord,

AS my hopes, since my misfortunes, have pro-
ceeded of your lordship's mere motion, without any
petition of mine; so I leave the times and the ways
to the same good mind of yours. True it is, a small
matter for my debts would do me more good now,
than double a twelvemonth hence. I have lost six
thousand pounds by year, besides caps and courtesies.
But now a very moderate proportion would suffice ;
for still I bear a little of the mind of a commissioner
of the treasury, not to be over-chargeable to his ma-
jesty ; and two things I may assure your lordship of $
the one, that I shall lead such a course of jife, as
whatsoever the king doth for me, shall rather sort to
his majesty's and your lordship's honour, than to
envy : the other, that whatsoever men talk, I can play
the good husband, and the king's bounty shall not be

Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Saco?i. 307

lost. If your lordship think gjood, the prince should
come in to help ; I know his highness wisheth me
well ; if you will let me know when, and how, he
may be used. But the king is the fountain, who,
I know, is good.
God prosper you.

Your Lordship's mo si bounden and faithful

Gorhambury, January 30, 1621. FR. ST. ALBAN".

•To the Marquis of BUCKINGHAM.
My very good Loi'd,

Your lordship dealeth honourably with me in giv-
ing me notice, that your lordship is provided of an
house (a] whereby you discontinue the treaty your
lordship had with me for York-House, although I
shall make no use of this notice, as to deal with any
other. For I was ever resolved your lordship should
have had it, or no man. But your lordship doth yet
more nobly, in assuring me, you never meant it with
any the least inconvenience to myself. May it please
your lordship likewise to be assured from me, that I
ever desired you should have it, and do still continue
of the same mind.

I humbly pray your lordship, to move his majesty to
take some commiseration of my long imprisonment.
When I was in the Tower, I was nearer help of
physic ; I could parly with my creditors ; I could deal
with friends about my business ; I could have helps
at hand for my writings and studies, wherein I spend
my time ; all which here fail me. Good my lord,
deliver me out of this ; me, who am his majesty's
devout beadsman, and

Your Lordship's most obliged friend

and faithful servant,

Gorhambury, this 3d of Feb. 1621. FR. ST. ALBAN.

(a) Mr. Chamberlain, in a MS. letter to Sir Dudley Carleton,
dated at London, January 19, 1621-2, mentions, that the marquis of
Buckingham had contracted with the lord and lady Wallingtbrd, for
their house near Whitehall, for som&Tnoney.

X 2

308 Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

JOHN SELDEN, Esq; to the Lord Viscount ST.
ALBAN.

My most honoured Lord,

AT your last going to Gorhambury, you were
pleased to have speech with me about some pas-
sages of parliament ; touching which, I conceived, by
your lordship, that I should have had farther direction
by a gentleman, to whom you committed some care
and consideration of your lordship's intentions therein.
J can only give this account of it, that never was any
man more willing or ready to do your lordship ser-
vice, than myself; and in that you then spake of, I
had been most forward to have done whatsoever I
had been, by farther direction, used in. But I under-
stood, that your lordship's pleasure that way was
changed. Since, my lord, I was advised with, touch-
ing the judgments given in the late parliament. For
them, if it please your lordship to hear my weak
judgment expressed freely to you, I conceive thus.
First, that admitting it were no session, but only a
convention, as the proclamation calls it ; yet the judg-
ments give in the upper house, if no other reason be
against them, are good ; for they are given by the
lords, or the upper house, by virtue of that ordinary
authority, which they have as the supreme court of ju-
dicature ; which is easily to be conceived, without
any relation to the matter of session, which consists
only in the passing of acts, or not passing them, with
the royal assent. And though no session of the three
states together be without such acts so passed; yet
every part of the parliament severally did its own
acts legally enough to continue, as the acts of other
courts of justice are done. And why should any
doubts be, but that a judgment out of the King's
Bench, or Exchequer-Chamber, reversed there, had
been good, although no session ? For there was truly
a parliament, truly an upper house, which exercised
by itself this power of judicature, although no session.

Letters etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon. 309

Yet withal, my lord, I doubt, it will fall out, upon
fuller consideration, to be thought a session also.
Were it not for the proclamation, I should be clearly
of that mind; neither doth the clause, in the act of
subsidy, hinder it. For that only prevented the de-
termination of the session at that instant; but did not
prevent the being of a session, whensoever the par-
liament should be dissolved. But because that point
was resolved in the proclamation, and also in the
commission of dissolution on the 8th of February, I
will rest satisfied.

But there are also examples of former times, that
may direct us in that point of the judgment, in re-
gard there is store of judgments of parliament, espe-
cially under Edward I. and Edward II. in such con-
ventions, as never had, for aught appears, any act
passed in them.

Next, my lord, I conceive thus ; that by reason
there is no record of those judgments, it may be justly
thought, that they are of no force. For thus it stands.
The lower house exhibited the declarations in paper;
and the lords, receiving them, proceeded to judgment
verbally ; and the notes of their judgments are taken
by the clerk, in the journal only; which, as I think,
is no record of itself; neither was it ever used as
one. Now the record, that in former times was of
the judgments and proceedings there, was in this
form. The accusation was exhibited in parchment ;
and being so received, and indorsed, was the first
record; and that remained' filed among the bills
of parliament, it being of itself as the bills in the
King's Bench. Then out of this there was a formal
judgment, with the accusation entered into that roll,
or second record, which the clerk transcribes by
ancient use, and sends into the chancery.

But in this case there are none of these : neither
doth any thing seem to help to make a record of it,
than only this, that the clerk may enter it, now after
the parliament ; which, I doubt, he cannot. Because
although in other courts the clerks enter all, and
make their records after the term ; yet in this parlia-

310 Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

mentary proceeding it falls out, that the court being
dissolved, the clerk cannot be said to have such a re-
lation to the parliament, which is not then at all in
being, as the prothonotaries of the courts of West*
minster have to their courts, which stand only ad-
journecj. Besides, there cannot be an example found,
by which it may appear, that ever any record of the
first kind, where the transcript is into the chancery,
•was made in parliament ; but only sitting the house,
and in their view. But this I offer to your lordship's
farther consideration, desiring your favourable cen-
sure of my fancy herein; which, with whatsoever
ability I may pretend to, shall ever be desirous to
serve you, to whom I shall perpetually own my-
self

Your Lordships most humble servant,

From the Temple, February j S£LD£N

XIV, C1DDCXXI,

My Lord,

IF your lordship have done with that Mascardus de
Interpretations Statutorum (a), I shall be glad, that
you would give order that I might use it. And for
, . that of 12 Hen. 7, touching the grand council in the
manuscript, I have since seen a privy seal of the time
of Henry 7. (without a year) directed to borrow for
the king; and in it there is a recital of a grand coun-
cil, which thought, that such a sum was fit to be
Jevied; whereof the Lords gave 40,0001. and the rest
was to be gotten by privy seal upon loan. Doubt-
less, my lord, this' interprets that of the manuscript
story.

On the back of this letter are the following notes by the
lord viscount St. Alban.

" The case of the judgment in parliament, upon a
" writ of error put by Just. Hu. (p)

(a) Alderani Mascardi communes conclusions utriusquc juris ad
gen-craltm statutorum interprttationem accommodate : printed at Fer-
jara, 1608.

(b) Hutfcon.

Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon. S 1 1

<c The case of no judgment entered into the court
<c of augmentations, or survey of first fruits ; which are
" dissolved, where there may be an entry after, out of a
(c paper-book.

" Mem. All the acts of my proceeding were after
" the royal assent to the subsidy."

To Mr. TOBIE MATTHEW (a).

Good Mr. Matthew,

In this solitude of friends, which is the base court
(b) of adversity, where almost no body will be seen
stirring, 1 have often remembered a saying of my lord
ambassador of Spain (c). Amor sin Jin no tiene Jin (d).
This moveth me to make choice of his excellent
lordship for his noble succours towards not the aspiring
but the respiring of my fortunes.

I, that am a man of books, have observed his lord-
ship to have the magnanimity of his own nation, and
the cordiality of ours ; and, by this time, I think he
hath the wit of both. Sure I am, that for myself I
have found him, in both my fortunes, to esteem me so
much above value, and to love me so much above
possibility of deserving, or obliging on my part, as if
he were a friend reserved ior such a time as this.
I have known his lordship likewise, while I stood in
a stand where I might look about, a most faithful
and respective friend to my lord marquis ; who, next
the. king and the prince, was my raiser, and must be,
he or none, I do not say my restorer, but my reliever.

I have, as I made you acquainted at your being
with me, a purpose to present my lord marquis with
an offer of my house and lands here at Gorhambury ;

(«) This, and the following letter of March 5, 161 1-2, to the mar-
quis of Buckingham, are inserted from the originals, much more
complete and exact, than the copies of them printed in his works.

(b) Basse cour.

(c) Count Gondomar, who returned to Spain about March 1621-2.

(d) Love without ends hath

312 Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

a thing, which, as it is the best means I have now
left to demonstrate my affection to his lordship, so
I hope it will be acceptable to him. This proposi-
tion I desire to put into no other hand but my lord
ambassador's, as judging his hand to be the safest, the
most honourable, and the most effectual for my good,
if my lord will be pleased to deal in it. And when
I had thus resolved, I never sought, nor thought of
any mean but yourself, being so private, faithful,
and discreet a friend to us both. I desire you there-
fore, good Mr. Matthew, to acquaint my lord am-
bassador with this overture ; and both to use your-
self, and desire at his lordship's hands secrecy therein ;
and withal to let his lordship know, that in this
business, whatsoever in particular you shall treat with
him, I shall not fail, in all points, to make good and
perform.

Commend my humble service to his lordship. I
ever rest

Your most affectionate and assured friend,

Gorhambury, Feb. 28, 1621. FR. ST. ALB AN,

To the Marquis of BUCKINGHAM.

My very good Lord,

THOUGH I have returned answer to your lord-
ship's last letter by the same way, by which I re-
ceived it ; yet I humbly pray your lordbhip to give
me leave to add these few lines.

Aly lord, as God above is witness, that I ever
have loved and honoured your lordship, as much, I
think, as any son of Adam can love or honour any
subject, and continue in as hearty and strong wishes
of Felicity to be heaped and fixed upon you, as ever ;
so, as low as I am, I had rather sojourn in a college
in Cambridge, than recover a good fortune by any
other but yourself. Marry, to recover yourself to me,
if I have you not, or to ease your lordship in any
thing, wherein your lordship would not so fully ap-
pear, or to be made participant of your favours in

Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon. 3 1 3

your own way, I would use any man, that were your
lordship's friend ; and therefore, good my lord, in
that let me not be mistaken. Secondly, if in any
of my former letters I have given your lordship
distaste by the stile of them, or any particular
passages, I humbly pray your lordship's benign con-
struction and pardon. For, I confess, it is my fault,
though it be some happiness to me withal, that I do
most times forget my adversity. But I shall never
forget to be

Your Lordship's most obliged friend,

March 5, 1621. and faithful servant,

FR. ST. ALBAN.

Fragments of several Kinds.

MY meaning was, if my lord should obtain for
me, by his noble mediation, in consideration of
my services past, and other respects to do that, for
my relief which I was suitor for by my lord's noble
mediation, and whereof I was in good hope to have
presented my lord with Gorhambury in possession,
out of gratitude and love, for nothing.

My meaning was, if my lord should prevail for me
in my suit to the king for reward of services, and re-
lief of my poor estate, to have presented him with
Gorhambury, out of gratitude and love, for nothing,
except some satisfaction to my wife, for her interest.

If my lord like better to proceed by way of bargain,
so I find that I may but subsist, 1 will deserve of his
honour, and express my love in a friendly penny-
worth.

The third point to be added :

This as his zvork.~] The more for kissing the king's
hands presently.

The reasons, stalling my debts.

Willingness in my friends to help me.

None will be so bold as to oppress me.

The pretence, that the king would give me direc-
tion, in what nature of writings to expend my time.

5 1 4 Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

The letter to expect yet, and the manner of the de-
livery.

That my lord do not impute it, if he hear I deal
with others; for he shall better perceive the value,
and I shall make it good to his lordship, being my state
requireth speed.

To the Lord Viscount ST. ALBAN.

May it please your Lordship,

REMEMBERING, that the letter your lordship
put yesterday into my hand was locked up under two
or three seals, it ran in my head, that it might be bu-
siness of importance, and require haste ; and not find-
ing Mr. Matthew in town, nor any certainty of his
return till Monday or Tuesday, I thought it became
me to let your lordship know it, that so I might re-
ceive your lordship's pleasure, if need were, to send
it by as safe a hand, as if it had three seals more.

My lord, I saw Sir Arthur Ingram, who let fall
somewhat, as if he could have been contented to have
received a letter by me from your lordship, with some-
thing in it like an acknowledgment to my lord trea-
surer (a), that by his means you had received a kind
letter from my lord marquis. But, in the close, he
carne about, and fell rather to excuse what was left
out of the letter, than to please himself much with
what was in it. Only indeed he looked upon me, as
if he did a little distrust my good meaning in it. But
that is all one to me; for I have been used to it, of
late, from others, as well as from him. But persons
apt to be suspicious may well be borne with ; For cer-
tainly they trouble themselves most, and lose most by
it. For of such it is a hard question, whether those,
be fewest whom they trust, or those who trust them,
But for him, and some others, I will end in a wish,
that, as to your lordship's service, they might prove

(a] Lionel, lord Cranfield, made lord treasurer in October, ] 621 .

Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon. 3 1 5

but half so much honester, as they think themselves
wiser, than other men.

It is doubtful, whether the king will come to-mor-
row or not ; for they say he is full of pain in his feet.

My lord marquis came late to town last night, and
goeth back this evening: and Sir Edward Sackville
watcheth an opportunity to speak with him before
he go.

However, he wisheth that your lordship would lose
no 'time in returning an answer, made all of sweet-
meats, to my lord marquis's letter, which, he is confi-
dent, will be both tasted and digested by him. And
Sir Edward wisheth, that the other letter to my lord
marquis, for presenting your discourse of laws to his
majesty, might follow the first. I humbly rest

Your Lordship's for ever truly
Martii 3, 1621.

to honour and serve you,

THO. MEAUTYS.

To the Lord Viscount ST. ALBAN.

May it please your Lordship,

I HAD not failed to appear this night upon your
lordship's summons, but that my stay till to-morrow,
I knew would mend my welcome, by bringing Mr.
Matthew who means to dine with your lordship only,
and so to rebound back to London, by reason my lord
Digby's journey calls for him on the sudden. Neither
yet was this all that stayed me ; for I hear somewhat,
that I like reasonably well; and yet I hope it will
mend too; which is, that my lord marquis hath sent
you a message by my lord of Falkland, which is a far
better hand than my lord treasurer's that gives you
leave to come presently to Highgate : and Sir Ed-
ward Sackville, speaking for the other five miles, my
lord commended his care and zeal for your lordship,
but silenced him thus: " Let my lord be ruled by

316 Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

" me: it will be never the worse for him." But my
lord marquis saying farther to him, " Sir Edward,
" however you play a good friend's part for my lord
" St. Alban ; yet I must tell you, I have not been
*c well used by him." And Sir Edward desiring of
him to open himself in whatsoever he might take of-
fence at ; and withal, taking upon him to have known
so much from time to time, of your lordship's heart, and
endeavours towards his lordship, as that he doubted
not but he was able to clear any mist, that had been
cast before his lordship's eyes by your enemies; my lord
marquis, by this time being ready to go to the Spa-
nish ambassador's to dinner, broke off with Sir Ed-
ward, and told him, that after dinner he would be
back at Wallingford-house, and then he would tell
Sir Edward more of his mind ; with whom I have
had newly conference at large, and traced out to him,
as he desired me, some particulars of that, which they
call a treaty with my lord treasurer about York-house,
which Sir Edward Sackville knows how to put toge-
ther, and make a smooth tale of it for your lordship ,
and this night I shall know all from him, and to-mor-
row, by dinner, I shall not fail to attend your lord-
ship : till when, and ever, I rest

Your Lordships in all truth
to honour and serve you,

Indorsed, T. MfiAUTYS.

Received March 1 1 .

To HENRY CAREY, Lord Viscount FALKL A ND(#.)

My very good Lord,

YOUR lordship's letter was the best letter I re-
ceived this good while, except the last kind letter
from my lord of Buckingham, which this confirmeth.
It is the best accident, one of them, amongst men,
when they hap to be obliged to those, whom naturally

(a) Appointed lord deputy of Ireland, September 8., 1622,

Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon. 3 1 7

and personally they love, as I ever did your lordship ;
in troth not many between my lord marquis and your-
self ; so that the sparks of my affection shall ever rest
quick, under the ashes of my fortune, to do you ser-
vice ; and wishing to your fortune and family all
good.

Tour Lordship's most affectionate,

and much obliged, Sfc.

I pray your lordship to present my humble service
and thanks to my lord marquis, to wliom, when I
have a little paused, I purpose to write ; as likewise to
his majesty, for whose health and happiness, as his
true beadsman, I most frequently pray.

Indorsed,

March 1 1, Copy of my answer to Lord Falkland.

To the Lord TREASURER (a).

My very good Lord,

I have received, by my noble friend, my lord Vis-
count Falkland, advertisement, as from my lord mar-
quis, of three things , the one, that, upon his lordship's
motion to his majesty, he is graciously pleased to
grant some degree of release of my confinement. The
second, that if I shall gratify your lordship, who, my
lord understandeth, are desirous to treat with me
about my house at London, with the same, his lordship
will take it as well, as if it was done to himself. The
third, that his majesty hath referred unto your lord-
ship the consideration of the relief of my poor estate.
I have it also from other part, yet by such, as have
taken it immediately from my lord marquis, that your
lordship hath done me to the king very good offices.
My lord, I am much bounden to you : wherefore if
you shall be pleased to send Sir Arthur Ingram, who
formerly moved me in it for your lordship, to treat far-

(a) Lionel, Lord Cranfield.

S 1 8 Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

ther with me, I shall let your lordship see how affec-
tionately I am desirous to pleasure your lordship after
my lord of Buckingham.

So wishing your lordship's weighty affairs, for his
majesty's service, a happy return to his majesty's con-
tentment, and your honour, I rest

Your Lordship's very affectionate

to do you service,

FR. ST. ALBAN.

Indorsed,

March 12. To the lord treasurer.

To the Lord TREASURER.

My very good Lord,

The honourable correspondence, which your lord-
ship hath been pleased to hold with my noble and
constant friend, my lord marquis, in furthering his
majesty's grace towards me, as well concerning my
liberty, as the consideration of my poor estate, hath
very much obliged me to your lordship, the more by
how much the less likelihood there is, that I shall be
able to merit it at your lordship's hands. Yet thus
much I am glad of, that this course, your lordship
holds with me, doth carry this much upon itself, that
the world shall see in this, amongst other things, that
you have a great and noble heart.

For the particular business of York-house, Sir Ar-
thur Ingram can bear me witness, that I was ready to
leave the conditions to your lordship's own making :
but since he' tells me plainly, that your lordship will
by no means have to be so, you will give me leave to
refer it to Sir Arthur Ingram, who is so much your
lordship's servant, and no less faithful friend to me,
and understands values well, to set a price between us.

For the reference his majesty hath been graciously
pleased, at my lord marquis's suit, to make unto your

Letter sy etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon. 3 1 9

lordship, touching the relief of my poor estate (a),
which my lord of Falkland's letter hath signified,
warranting me likewise to address myself to your
lordship touching the same ; I humbly pray your lord-
ship to give it dispatch, my age, health, and fortunes,^
making time to me therein precious. Wherefore, if
your lordship, who knoweth best what the king may
best do, have thought of any particular, I would de-
sire to know from your good lordship : otherwise I
have fallen myself upon a particular, which I have re-
lated to Sir Arthur, and, 1 hope, will seem modest, for
my help to live and subsist. As for somewhat to-
wards the paying off my debts, which are now my
chief care, and without charge of the king's coffers, I
will not now trouble your lordship ; but purposing to
be at Chiswick, where I have taken a house, within,
this sevennight, I hope to wait upon your lordship,
and to gather some violets in your garden, and will
then impart unto you, if I have thought of any thing
of that nature for my good.

So I ever rest, &c.

THOMAS MEAUTYS, Esq. to the Lord Viscount
ST. ALBAN.

May it please your Lordship,

I HAVE been attending upon my lord marquis's mi-
nutes for the signing of the warrant. This day he pur-
posed in earnest to have done it : but it falls out unto-
wardly, for the warrant was drawn, as your lordship re-
members, in haste, at Gorhambury, and in as much
haste delivered to Sir Edward Sackville, as soon as I
alighted from my horse, who instantly put it into my
lord marquis's hands, so that no copy could possibly*
be taken of it by me. Now his lordship hath searched
much for it, and is yet at a loss, which I knew not

(a) The lord viscount St. Alban, in a letter to the king, from Gor-
hambury, 20th of March, 192 1-2, thanks his majesty for referring the
consideration of his broken estate to his good lord tlie lord treasurer.

S2O Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

till six this evening : and because your lordship drew
it with caution, 1 dare not venture it upon my me-
mory to carry level what your lordship wrote, and
therefore dispatched away this messenger, that so your
lordship, by a fresh post, for this will hardly do it,
may send a warrant to your mind, ready draxvn, to
be here to-morrow by seven o'clock, as Sir Arthur (a)
tells me my lord marquis hath directed : for the king
goes early to Hampton-Court, and will be here on
Saturday.

Your books (b] are ready, and passing well bound
up. If your lordship's letters to the king, prince, and
my lord marquis were ready, I think it were good to
lose no time in their delivery; for the printers fin-
gers itch to be selling.

My lady hath seen the house at Chiswick, and may
make a shift to like it : only she means to come to
your lordship thither, and not go first: and therefore
your lordship may please to make the more haste, for
the great lords long to be in York-house.

Mr. Johnson will be with your lordship to-morrow;
and then I shall write the rest.

Your Lordship's in all humbleness

and honour to serve you.

To THOMAS MEAUTYS, Esq.
Good Mr.

FOR the difference of the warrant, it is not mate-
rial at the first. But I may not stir till I have it ; and
therefore I expect it to-morrow.

For my Lord of London's (c) stay, there may be
an error in my book (d) ; but I am sure there is none
in me, since the king had it three months by him,

(a) Ingram.

(6) History of the Reign of King Henry VII.

\c] Dr. George Mountain.

(</) His History of the Reign of King Henry VII.

Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon. 32 1

and allowed it : if there be any thing to be mended,
it is better to be espied now than hereafter.

I send you the copies of the three letters, which you
have ; and, in mine own opinion, this demur, as you
term it, in my lord of London, makerh it more neces-
sary than before, that they were delivered, specially
in regard they contain withal my thanks. It may be
signified they were sent before I knew of any stay ;
and being but in those three hands, they are private
enough. But this 1 leave merely at your discretion,
resting

Your most affectionate and assured friend,

March 21, 1621. FR. ST. ALBAN.

To Mr. TOBIE MATTHEW.

Good Mr. Matthew,

I DO make account, God willing, to be at Chis-
\vick on Saturday ; or, because this weather is ter-
rible to one, that hath kept much in, Monday.

In my letter of thanks to my lord marquis, which
is not yet delivered, but to be forthwith delivered, I
have not forgotten to mention, that I have received
signification of his noble favour and affection,
amongst other ways, from yourself by name. If,
upon your repair to the court, whereof I am right
glad, you have any speech with the marquis of me,
I pray place the alphabet, as you can do it right
well, in a frame, to express my love faithful and ar-
dent towards him. And for York-house, that whe-
ther in a straight line, or a compass line, I meant it
his lordship'in the way, which I thought might please
him best. I ever rest,

Your most affectionate and assured friend,

March 21, 1621. FR. Sf. ALBAN."

Though your journey to court be before your re-
ceipt of this letter, yet it may serve for another
time.

VOL. vr. y

322 Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

To the Queen of BOHEMIA.

It may please your Majesty,

I FIND in books, and books I dare alledge to your
majesty, in regard of your singular ability to read and
judge of them even above your sex, that it is account-
ed a great bliss for a man to have leisure with honour.
That was never my fortune, nor is. For time was, I
had honour without leisure ; and now I have leisure
without honour. And I cannot say so neither altoge-
ther, considering there remain with me the marks and
stamp of the king's your father's grace, though I go
not for so much in value as I have done. But my de-
sire is now to have leisure without loitering, and not to
become an abbey-lubber, as the old proverb was, but
to yield some fruit of my private life. Having there-
fore written the reign of your majesty's famous ances-
tor, king Henry the seventh ; and it having passed
the file of his majesty's judgment, and been graciously
also accepted of the prince, your brother, to whom it
is dedicated, I could not forget my duty so far to your
excellent majesty, to whom, for that I know and have
heard, I have been at all times so much bound, as you
are ever present with me, both in affection and admi-
ration, as not to make unto you, in all humbleness, a
present thereof, as now being not able to give you
tribute of any service. If king Henry the Seventh
were alive again, 1 hope verily he could not be so an-
gry with me for not flattering him, as well pleased in
seeing himself so truly described in colours that will
last and be believed. I most humbly pray your ma-
jesty graciously to accept of my good will ; and so,
with all reverence, kiss your hands, praying to Gpd
above, by his divine and most benign providence, tq
conduct your affairs to happy issue ; and resting

Your Majesty s most 'humble

and devoted servant,

April 20, 1622. FR. Sr. ALBAN.

Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon,,

Sir EDWARD SACKVILLE to the Lord Viscount
ST. ALBAN.

My very honoured Lord,

LONGING to yield an account of my steward-
ship, and that I had not buried your talent in the
ground, I waited yesterday the marquis's pleasure,
until I found a fit opportunity to importune some re-
turn of his lordship's resolution. The morning could
not afford it ; for time only allowed leave to tell him, I
would say something. In the afternoon I had amends
for all. In the forenoon he laid the law, but in the
afternoon he preached the gospel ; when, after some
revivations of the old distaste concerning York-house,
he most nobly opened his heart unto me, wherein I
read that which argued much good towards you.
After which revelation, the book was again sealed
up, and must, in his own time, only by himself be
again manifested unto you. I have leave to remem-
ber some of the vision, and am not forbidden to write
it. He vowed, not court-like, but constantly, to ap-
pear your friend so much, as if his majesty should
abandon the care of you, you should share his for-
tune with him. He pleased to tell me, how much
he had been beholden to you ; how well he loved
you ; how unkindly he took the denial of your house,
for so he will need's understand it. But the close, for
alf this, was harmonious, since he protested he would
seriously begin to study your ends, now that the world
should see he had no ends on you. He is in hand with
the work, and therefore will, by no means, accept of
your offer ; though, I can assure you, the tender hath
much won upon him, and mellowed his heart towards
you ; and your genius directed you right, when you
wrote that letter of denial unto the duke (a}. The
king saw it,*and all the rest, which made him say
unto the marquis, you played an after-game well -,

(a] Of Lenox, of the 30th of January, 1621-2,
Y 2

324: Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

and that now he had no reason to be much of-
fended.

. I have already talked of the revelation, and now
am to speak in apocalyptical language, which I hope
you will rightly comment ; whereof, if you make dif-
ficulty, the bearer (b) can help you with the key of the
cypher.

My lord Falkland, by this time, hath shewed you
London from Highgate. If York-house were gone,
the town were yours ; and all your straitest shackles
Cleared off, besides more comfort than the city-air
only. The marquis would be exceedingly glad the
treasurer had it. This I know; but this you must not
know from me. Bargain with him presently, upon
as good conditions as you can procure, so you have
direct motion from the marquis to let him have it.
Seem not to dive into the secret of it ; though you are
purblind if you see not through it. I have told Mr.
Meautyshow I would wish your lordship to make an
end of it. From him, I beseech you, take it, and
from me only the advice to perform it. Jf you part
not speedily with it, you may defer the good which is
approaching near you, and disappointing other aims,
which must either shortly receive content, or never,
perhaps, anew yield matter of discontent, though
you may be, indeed, as innocent as before. Make
the treasurer believe, that since the marquis will by
no means accept of it, and that you must part with it,
you are more willing to pleasure him than any body
else, because you are given to understand my lord
marquis so inclines ; which inclination, if the treasurer
shortly send unto you about it, desire may be more
clearly manifested than as yet it hath been ; since, as
I remember, none hitherto hath told you in termini's
tcrminantibus, that the marquis desires you should gra-
tify the treasurer. I know that way the hare runs ;
and that my lord marquis longs, until Cranfield hath
it ; and so 1 wish too, for your good, yet -would not it
were absolutely passed, until my lord marquis did

-^ . (b) Probably Mr. Mcautys.

Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

send or write, unto you, to let him have it ; for then
his so disposing of it were but the next degree re-
moved from the immediate acceptance of it, and your
lordship freed from doing it otherwise than to please
him, and to comply with his own will and way.

T have no more to say, but that I am, and ever
will be

Your Lordship's most affectionate friend

and humble servant,

E. SACKVILLE.

Indorsed,,

Received the llth May, 1622.

To the LORD KEEPER, Dr. WILLIAMS, Bishop
of Lincoln.

My very good Lord,

I UNDERSTAND, there is an extent prayed
against me and a surety of mine, by the executors of
one Harris, a goldsmith. The statute is twelve years
old, and falleth to an executor, or an executor of an
executor, I know not whether. And it was sure a
statute, collected out of a shop-debt, and much of it
paid. I humbly pray your lordship, according to jus-
tice and equity, to stay the extent, being likewise
upon a double penalty, till I may better inform my-
self touching a matter so long past, and if it be re-
quisite, put in a bill, that the truth of the account ap-
pearing, such satisfaction may be made as shall be fit,
So I rest

Your Lordship's affectionate,

to do you faithful service,

May 30, 1622. F&. ST. AlBAN.

326 Letters j etc, of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

To the Marquis of BUCKINGHAM,

My very good Lord,

I THOUGHT it appertained to my duty, both as
a subject, and as he that took once the oath of a coun-
sellor, to make known to your lordship an advertise-
ment, which came to me this morning. A gentle-
man, a dear friend of mine, whom your lordship can-
not but imagine, though I name him not, to hold me
thus much, that some English priests that negociated
at Rome, to facilitate the dispensation, did their own
business, that was his phrase ; for they negociated with
the pope to erect some titulary bishops for England,
that might ordain, and have other spiritual faculties ;
saying withal most honestly, that he thought himself
bound to impart this to some counsellor, both as a
loyal subject, and as a catholic ; for that he doubted
it might be a cause to cross the graces and mercies,
\vhich the Catholics now enjoy, if it be not prevent-
ed ; and he asked my advice, whether he should make
it known to your lordship, or to my lord keeper (a),
when he came back to London. 1 commended his
loyalty and discretion, and wished him to address
himself to your lordship, who might communicate it
with my lord keeper, if you saw cause, and that he
repaired to your lordship presently, which he resolved
to do. Nevertheless, I did not think mine own par-
ticular duty acquitted, except I certified it also my-
self, borrowing so much of private friendship in a
cause of state, as not to tell him J would do so much.

Indorsed,

My letter to my lord Marquis, touching the business
of estate advertised by Mr. Matthew (b).

(a) Dr. Williams, bishop of Lincoln.

(b) The date of this letter may be pretty nearly determined by
one of the lord keeper to the marquis of Buckingham, dated August
23, 1622, and printed in the Cabala. The postscript to that letter is
as follows: " The Spanish ambassador took the alarm very speedily of

Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

To the Lord Viscount ST. ALBAN.

My most honoured Lord,

I COME in these to your lordship with the voice
of thanksgiving, for the continuance of your accus-
tomed noble care of me and my good, which over-
takes me, I find, whithersoever I go. But for the pre-
sent itself, whereof your lordship writes, whether or
no it be better than that I was wont to bring your
lordship, the end only can prove. For I have yet no
more to shew for it than good words, of which many
times I brought your lordship good store. But be-
cause modiccfidcans were not made to thrive in court,
I mean to lose no time from assailing my lord marquiSj
for which purpose I am now hovering about New-
hall (a), where his lordship is expected, but not the
king, this day, or to-morrow ; which place, as your
lordship adviseth, may not be ill chosen for my busi-
ness. For, if his lordship be not very thick of hear-
ing, sure New-hall will be heard to speak for me.

And now, my good lord, if an.y thing make me
diffident, or indeed almost indifferent how it succeeds,
it is this ; that my sole ambition having ever been,
and still is, to grow up only under your lordship, it is
become preposterous, even to my nature and habit, to
think of prospering or receiving any growth, either
without or besides your lordship. And therefore let
me claim of your lordship to. do me this right, as to
believe that which my heart says, or rather swears to
me, namely, that what addition soever, by God's good
providence, comes at any time to my life or fortune, it
is, in my account, but to enable me the more to serve

:< the titulary Roman bishop; and before niv departure from his
house at Islington, whither I went privately to him, did write both
to Rome and Spain to prevent it. But I am afraid that Tobie
will prove but an apocryphal, and no canonical, intelligencer,
acquainting the state with this project for the Jesuits, rather than
for Jesus's sake/*

(a) In Essex.

328 Letter s, etc. of Lord Chancellor Eacon.

your lordship in both ; at whose feet I shall ever
humbly lay down all that I have, or am, never to rise
thence other than

Your Lordship's in all duty

and reverent affections y
September 11, 1622. T. MEAUTYS.

To the Countess of BUCKINGHAM (a), Mother to
the Marquis of BUCKINGHAM.

My very honourable good Lady,

YOUR ladyship's late favour and noble usage to-
wards me were such, as I think your absence a great part
of my misfortunes. And the more I find my most noble
lord, your son, to increase in favour towards me, the
more, out of my love to him, I wish he had often by
him so loving and wise a mother. For, if my lord
were never so wise, as wise as Solomon ; yet, I find
that Solomon himself, in the end of his Proverbs, sets
down a whole chapter of advices, that his mother
taught him.

Madam, I can but receive your remembrance with
affection, and use your name with honour, and intend
you my best service, if I be able, ever resting

Your Ladyship's humble

and affectionate servant,

Bedford-house, this 19th FR. ST. ALB AN.

of October, 1622.

(a) Mary, daughter of Anthony Beaumont, a younger son of William
Beaumont, of Cole- Orton, in Leicestershire. She was thrice married;
1. to Sir George Villiers, father of the duke of Buckingham: 2. to
Sir William Rayner: and 3. to Sir Thomas Compton, knight of the
bath, a younger brother of William, earl of Northampton. She was
created countess of Buckingham, July J, 1618, and died April 19,
1632.

Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon. 329

To the Marquis of BUCKINGHAM.
My very good Lord,

I HAVE many things to thank your lordship for,
since I had the happiness to see you ; that your lord-
ship, before your going out of town, sent mv memo-
rial to my lord treasurer : that your lordship offered,
and received, and presented my petition to the king,
and procured me a reference : that your lordship
moved his majesty, and obtained for me access to him,
against his majesty comes next, which in mine own
opinion, is better than if it had been now, and will
be a great comfort to me, though I should die next
day after : that your lordship gave me so good English
for my Latin book. My humble request is, at this
time, that because my lord treasurer keepeth yet his
.answer in suspense, though by one, he useth to me,
he speaketh me fair, that your lordship would nick it
with a word : for if he do me good, I doubt it may
not be altogether of his own.

God ever prosper you.

Your Lordship's most bounden

and faithful servant,
4th of November, 1622. FR. ST. ALB AN.

Memorial of Access (a).
It may please your Majesty,

I MAY now in a manner sing mine . dhnittis, now
I have seen you. Before methought I was scant in
state of grace, but in a kind of utter darkness. And
therefore, among other your mercies and favours, I

(a) This paper was written in Greek characters, soon after his
access k> king James I. which had been promised him in a letter
of the marquis of Buckingham, from Newmarket, November 13,

1622.

3 SO Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

do principally thank your majesty for this admission
of me to kiss your hands.

I may not forget also to thank your majesty for your
remission of my fine, for granting of my quietus, and
general pardon ; and your late recommendation of
my debts ; favours not small, specially to a servant
out of sight, and out of use.

I beseech your majesty to give me leave to tell
you what had, in my misfortunes, sustained me.
Aristotle says, Old men live by remembrance, young
men by hope. And so it is true, that young men live
by hope, and fallen men by remembrance. T\\o re-
membrances have sustained me: the one, that since
I had the prime vote in the lower house,, to be first
commissioner for the union, until the last assembly
of parliament, I was chosen messenger of both houses,
in the petitions of religion, which were my two first
and last services, having passed a number of services
of importance, your majesty never chid me ; neither did
ever any public service miscarry in my hands. This
was the finishing act of my prosperity. The second
was of my adversity, which, in few words, is this,
that as my fault was not against your majesty ; so my
fall was not your act ; and therefore I hope I shall
live and die in your favour.

I have this farther to say in the nature of an humble
oblation; for things once dedicated and vowed can-
not lose their character, nor be made common. I
ever vowed myself to your service* Therefore,

First, if your majesty do at any time think it fit,
for your affairs, to employ me again publicly upon the
stage, I shall so live and spend my time, as neither
discontinuance shall disable me, nor adversity shall
discourage me, nor any thing, that I shall do, give
any scandal or envy upon me.

Secondly, if your majesty shall not hold that fit ;
yet, if it shall please you at any time to ask my opi-
nion, or require my propositions privately by my lord
marquis, or any of your counsellors, that is my friend,
touching any commission or business; for, as Ovid
said, Est a liquid luce patcnte minus ; I shall be glad to
be a labourer, or pioneer in your service.

Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon. 331

Lastly, and chiefly, because your majesty is an
universal scholar, or rather master, and my pen (as
I may * it, passed * *) gained upon the world, your
majesty would appoint me some task, or literary pro-
vince, that I may serve you calamo, if not consilio.

I know that I am censured of some conceit of mine
ability or worth: but Ipray your majesty, impute it to
desire, posswit quid posse mdentur. And again, I
should do some wrong to your majesty's school, if, in
sixteen years access and near service, I should think
I had learned, or laid in nothing.

May itpleaseyour majesty, I have borne your image
in metal : and I shall keep it in my heart, while I
live.

That his majesty's business never miscarried in my
hands, I do not impute to any extraordinary ability
in myself; but to my freedom from particular, either
friends, or ends, and my careful receipt of his majesty's
directions, being, as I have formerly said to him, but
as a bucket and cistern to that fountain ; a bucket to
draw forth, a cistern to preserve.

I may allude to the three petitions of the Litany,
Liber a nos, Domine ; parce mihi, Domine, et exaudi
nos, Domine. First, the first, I am persuaded, his
majesty had a mind to do it, and could not conveni-
ently in respect of his affairs. For the second, he had
done it in my fine and pardon. For the third, I had
likewise performed, in restoring to the light of his
countenance.

There be mountebanks, as well in the civil body
as in the natural. I ever served his majesty with mo-
desty; no shouldering, no undertaking.

Seneca saith, Tarn otii debet constare ratio quam ne-
gotii. So I make his majesty oblation of both.

For envy, it is an almanack of the last year; and as
a friend of mine said, the parliament died penitent to-
wards me.

Of my offences, far be it from me to say, dat veniam
corvis, vexat censura Columbas : but I will say, that I
have good warrant for ; they were not the greatest offen-
ders in Israel, upon whom the wait of Sh'dofelL

532 Letters, etc. of Lord CJiancdlor Bacon.

What the king bestowed upon me, will be farther
seen, than upon Paul's steeple.

My story is proud. I may thank your majesty ;
for I heard him note of Tasso, that he could know
which poem he made, when he was in good con-
dition, and which when he was a beggar. 1 doubt
he could make no such observation of me.

My lord hath done many things to shew his great-
ness. This of mine is one of them, that shews his
goodness.

I am like ground fresh. If I be left to myself, I
will grow and bear natural philosophy : but if the
king will plough me up again, and sow me on, I
hope to give him some yield.

1 Kings do raise and pull down with reason ; but the
greatest work is reasoning.

For my hap, I seek an otium, and, if it may be, a
fat otium.

I am said to have a feather in my head. I pray God
some are not wild in their head, that gird not well.

I am too old, and the seas are too long, for me to
double the Cape of Good Hope.

Ashes are good for somewhat ; for lees, for salts.
But I hope I am rather embers than ashes, having the
heat of good affections, under the ashes of my for-
tunes.

Your majesty hath power: I have faith. There-
fore a miracle may be soon wrought.

I would live to study, and not study to live ; yet I
am prepared for date obolitm Bcllisario ; and I that
have borne a bag, can bear a wallet.

For mi) Pen.

If active, 1. The reconciling of laws.

2. The disposing of wards and generally

education of youth.

3. Limiting the jurisdiction of courts, and

prescribing rules for every of them.

Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon. 333

Reglement of Trade.

If contemplative, 1. Going on with the story of

Henry the Eighth.
2. General Treatise of de Legibus

et Justitid,
-3. The Holy War.

For my Lord of Buckingham.

These I rank high amongst his favours.

To the king of * * * that the goodness of his na-
ture may strive with the goodness of his fortune.

He had but one fault, and that is, that you cannot
piar him with any accumulating of honours upon
him.

Now after this sunshine, and little dew, that save
war.

Whales wfll overturn your boat, or bark, or of
admiral, or other.

For the Prince.

Ever my chief patron.

The work of the father is creation ; of the son re-
demption.

You would have drawn me out of the fire ; now
out of <*the mire.

To ask leave of the king to kiss the prince's hands,
if he be not now present.

Indorsed,

Mem. of access.

To the Lord Viscount ST. ALRAN.

My most honoured Lord,

SINCE my -last to your lordship, I find, by Mr.
Johnson, that my lord treasurer is not twice in one
mind, or Sir Arthur Ingram not twice in one
tale. For Sir Arthur, contrary to his speech but yes

3S4 _ Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

terday with me, puts himself now, as it seems, in new-
hopes to prevail with my lord treasurer for your lord-
ship's good and advantage, by a proposition, sent by
Mr. Johnson, for the altering of your patent to a new
mould, more safe than the other, which he seemed to
dissuade, as I wrote to your lordship. I like my lord
treasurer's heart to your lordship, so much every day
worse than other, especially for his coarse usage of
your lordship's name in his last speech, as that I can^
not imagine he means you any good. And therefore,
good my lord, what directions you shall give herein
to Sir Arthur Ingram, let them be as safe ones, as you
can think upon; and that your lordship surrender not
your old patent, till you have the new under seal, lest
my lord keeper should take toy, and stop it there. And
I know your lordship cannot forget they have such a
savage word amung them, as ^fleecing, God in hea-
ven bless your lordship from such handstand tongues ;
and then things will mend of themselves.

Your Lordship's, in all humbleness,
This Sunday morning. to honour and serve you,

T. MEAUTYS.

Indorsed, 25th of November [1 622.]

- To the Marquis of BUCKINGHAM.

My very good Lord,

I FIND my lord treasurer, after so many days and
appointments, and such certain messages and pro-
mises, doth but mean to coax me, it is his own word of
old, and to saw me asunder, and to do just nothing
upon his majesty's gracious reference, nobly procured
by youi lordship for this poor remnant. My lord, let
it be your own deed ; and, to use the prayers of the
Litany, good Lord deliver me from this servile do-

Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

pendence ; for I had rather beg and starve^ than be
fed at that door.

God ever prosper your lordship.

Your Lordship's most bounden

and faithful servant,

Bedford-house, this FR. ST. AlBAN.

Indorsed,

To Buckingham, about lord treasurer Cranfield's
using of him.

Remembrances of the Lord Viscount ST. ALB AN,
upon his going to the Lord Treasurer (a).

My Lord,

FOR past matters, they are memorial with me. I
thank God I am so far from thinking to retrieve a for-
tune, as I did not mark where the game fell. I ascribe
all to Providence. Your lordship hath greatness;
and I hope you will line it with goodness. Of me
you can have no use ; but you may have honour by
me, in using me well; for my fortune is much in your
hands.

For Sir G. I heard by Sir Arthur (&), you thought
well of rny dealing to him ; for so Ingram told me.

But I doubt he reported somewhat amiss of me,
that procured that warrant ; since which he thinks he
may bring me to his own conditions, nes'er comes to
me, flies from that he had agreed ; so to conclude with
the letter upon even terms.

For the king, I must submit. Ingram told me there
should be a favour in it, till I might sue to the king.

The sequestration as much as a resumption ; for if
it be as in the king's hands, all will go back ; so it
requires a farmer.

My pepsion and that the rewards of my long ser-
vice, and relief of rny present means. In parliament

(a) These are written in Greek characters.
(it} Ingram,

336 Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

he said, he would not have me know what want
meant.

LA. B. (a).

OF York-house garden:

Of New-hall :

Of my being with my lord treasurer:

Of my business.

It is well begun : I desire it may be your act*

It is nothing out of the king's purse : it laid fair -, a
third part of the profit.

The king bestows honour upon reward, one honour
upon alms and charity.

Time, I hope, will work this, or a better.

I know my lord will not forsake me.

He can have but one mother. Friends wayfarers,
some to Waltham, some to Ware, and where the ways
part, farewel.

I do not desire to stage myself, nor pretensions,
but for the comfort of a private life. Yet will I be
ever at your and the king's call. Malcontent, or
busy-body, I scorn to be.

Though my lord shall have no use of me, yet he
shall have honour by me.

For envy, the almanack of that year, is past.

You may observe last parliament, though an high-
aiming parliament, yet not a petition, not a clamour,
not a motion, not a mention of me. Visitations by
all the noblemen about the town.
• A little yvill make me happy : the debts I have
paid.

I shall honour my lord with pen and words ; and be
ready to give him faithful and free counsel, as ready,
as when I had the seal ; and mine ever suavibus modis
for safety, as well as for greatness.

The king and the prince, I hear for certain, well
affected.

To dine with :

To go to New-hall.

(«) Lady Buckingham, mother of the duke. .

tetters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon. 337

To the Marquis of BUCKINGHAM.

Excellent Lord,

I PERCEIVE this day, by Mr. Comptroller (a\
that I live continually in your lordship's remembrance
and noble purposes concerning my fortunes, as well
for the comfort of my estate, as for countenancing me
otherwise by his majesty's employments and graces;
for which I most humbly kiss your hands, leaving the
times to your good lordship ; which, considering my
age and wants, I assure myself, your lordship will
the sooner take into your care. And for my house at
Gorhambury, I do infinitely desire your lordship
should have it; and howsoever I may treat, I will
conclude with none, till I know your lordship's farther
pleasure, ever resting

Your Lordship's most obliged
Bedford -house, this 5th and faithful servant,

of Feb. 1622(6).

FR. ST. ALBAN.

To the Lord Viscount ST. ALBAN.

My very good Lord,

I HAVE received, by this bearer, the privy seal for
the survey of coals, which I will lay aside, until I
shall hear farther from my lord Steward (<?), and the
rest of the lords.

I am ready to do as much as your lordship desireth,
in keeping Mr. Cotton (d) off from the violence of

(a) Henry Gary, viscount Falkland.

(b) Two days before the marquis of Buckingham set out privately,
with the prince, for Spain.

(c) Duke of Lenox.

(d) Probably the surety of lord Bacon, for the debt to Harris the
goldsmith, mentioned in his lordship's letter of May 30, 1622.

VOL. VI. Z

338 Letter s> etc. of Lord. Chancellor Bacon.

those creditors : only himself is, as yet, wanting in
some particular directions.

I heartily thank your lordship for your book; and
all other symbols of your love and affection, which I
will endeavour upon all opportunities to deserve :
and, in the mean time, do rest

Your Lordship's assured faithful
Westminster-college, this 7th poor friend and servant,

ot February, 1622.

Jo. LINCOLN, C. S.

To the right honourable his very good lord, the lord
viscount St. Alban.

To the Marquis of BUCKINGHAM.

Excellent Lord,

THOUGH your lordship's absence (a) fall out in
an ill time for myself ; yet because I hope in God
this noble adventure will make your lordship a rich
return in honour, abroad and at home, and chiefly
in the Inestimable treasure of the love and trust of
that thrice-excellent prince ; I confess I am so glad of
it, as I could not abstain from your lordship *s trouble
in seeing it expressed by these few and hasty lines.

I beseech your lordship, of your nobleness vouch-
safe to present my most humble duty to his highness,
who, I hope, ere long will make me leave king
Henry the eighth, and set me on work in relation
of his highness's adventures.

I very humbly kiss your lordship's, hands, rest*
ing ever

Your lordship's most obliged

2i,iG22. friend and servant.

To the Marquis of BUCKINGHAM.
Excellent Lord,

UPON the repair of my lord of Rochford unto
your lordship, whom I have ever known so fast and

( a ) In Spain.

Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacoii. 339

true a friend and servant unto you : and wh0 knows
likewise so much of my mind and affection towards
your lordship, I could not but kiss your lordship's
hands, by the duty of these few lines.

My lord, I hope in God, that this your noble ad-
venture will make you a rich return, especially in the
inestimable treasure of the love and trust of that
thrice-excellent prince. And although to a man, that
loves your lordship so dearly, as I do, and knows
somewhat of the world, it cannot be, but that in my
thoughts there should arise many fears, or shadows of
fears, concerning so rare an accident ; yet neverthe-
less, I believe well, that this your lordship's absence
will rather be a glass unto you, to shew you many
things, whereof you may make use hereafter, than
otherwise any hurt or hazard to your fortunes, which
God grant. For myself, I am but a man desolate till
your return, and have taken a course accordingly.
Vouchsafe, of your nobleness, to remember my most
humble duty to his highness. And so God, and his
holy angels, guard you both going and coming.

Indorsed, March 10, 1622.

To Sir FRANCIS COTTINGTON, Secretary to the

Prince.

Good Mr. Secretary,

THOUGH I wrote so lately unto you, by lord
Rochford ; yet upon the going of my lord Vaughan (a),
the prince's worthy and trusty servant, and my ap-
proved friend, and your so near ally, I could not but
put this letter into his hand, commending myself and
my fortunes unto you. You know the difference of
obliging men in prosperity and adversity, as much as

( a) He was son and heir of Walter Vaughan, of Golden Grove,
in Caermarthenshire, Esq; and was created lord Vaughan in the year
1620. The Lord St. Alban, after he was delivered from his con-
finement in the Tower, was permitted to stay at Sir John Vaughan's
house at Parson's Green, near Fulham.

Z 2

34-0 Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

the sowing upon a pavement and upon a furrow new
made. Alyself for quiet, and the better to hold out,
am retired to Grey's-inn (b] : for when my chief friends
were gone so far off, it was time for me to go to a
cell. God send us a good return of you all.
I ever rest, &c.

My humble service to my lord marquis, to whom I
have written twice. I would not cloy him. My
service also to the count Gondomar, and lord of
Bristol.

Indorsed,

To Mr. Secretary, Sir Francis Cottington, March
22, 1622.

To the KING.

It may please your Majesty,

NOW that my friend is absent, for so I may call
him still, since your majesty, when I waited on you,
told me, that fortune made no difference, your majesty
remaineth to me king, and master, and friend, and all.
Your beadsman, therefore, addresseth himself to your
majesty for a cell to retire into. The particular I have
expressed to my very friend, Mr. Secretary Con way.
This help, which costs your majesty nothing, may re-
serve me to do your majesty service, without being
chargeable unto you : for I will never deny, but my
desire to serve your majesty, is of the nature of the
heart, that will be ultimum moriens with me.

God preserve your majesty, and send you a good

(b} In a MS. letter of Mr. Chamberlain to Sir Dudley Carleton,
dated at London, March 8, 1622-3, is the following passage : '• The
" Lord of St. Alban is in his old remitter, and came to lie in his old
' lodgings at Grey's Inn : which is the fulfilling of a prophecy of
' one Lock, a familiar of his, of the same house, that knew him
1 intus ct in cute; who. seeing him go thence in pomp, with the
' great seal before him, said to divers of his friends. We shall live to
( have him here again*"

Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon. 341

return of the treasure abroad, which passeth all In-
dian fleets.

Your Majesty's most humble

and devoted servant,

March 25, 1623. FR. ST. AlBAN.

Indorsed,

To the king touching the provostship of Eton (a).

To Mr. Secretary CONWAY.

Good Mr. Secretary,

WHEN you did me the honour and favour to visit
me, you did not only in general terms express your
love unto me, but, as a real friend, asked me whether
I had any particular occasion, wherein I might make
use of you? At that time I had none: now there is
one fallen. It is, that Mr. Thomas Murray, provost
of Eton, whom I love very^ well, is like to die. It
were a pretty cell for my fortune. The college and
school, I do not doubt, but I shall make to flourish.
His majesty, when I waited on him, took notice of
my wants, and said to me, that, as he was a king, he
would have care of me. This is a thing somebody

(a] Mr. Thomas Murray, the provost of that college, having been
cut for the stone, died April 1, 1623. The lord keeper Williams, in
an unpublished letter to the marquis of Buckingham, dated 1 1 April,
162.J, has the following passage: ft Mr. Murray, the provost of
Eton, is now dead ; the place stayed by the fellows and myself
until your lordship's pleasure be known. Whomsoever your lord-
ship shall name I shall like of, though it be Sir William Becher,
though this provostship never descended so low. The king named
unto me yesterday morning Sir Albertus Morton, Sir Dudley
Carleton, and Sir [Robert] Aiion, our late queen's secretary. But
in my opinion, though he named him last, his majesty inclined to
this Aiton most. It will rest wholly upon your lordship to name
the man. It is somewhat necessary he be a good scholar, but
more that he be a good husband, and a careful manager, and
a sta* ed man ; which no man can be, that is so much indebted as
the lord of St. Alban's."

342 Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

would have; and costs his majesty nothing. I have
written two or three words to his majesty, which I
would pray you to deliver. I have not expressed
this particular to his majesty, but referred it to your
relation. My most noble friend, the marquis, is now
absent. Next to him, I could not think of a better
address than to yourself, as one likest to put on his
affection. I rest

Your honour's very affectionate friend,
Grey's Inn, the 25th of FR. Sr. ALBAN.

"March, 1623.

Secretary CONWAY, to the Lord Viscount ST.

*Fromth« ALBAN *.

collections

of Robert Sight Honourable,

Stephens,

Esq. de- I do so well remember the motives, why I pre-
sented you so with my humble service, and particular
application of it to your particular use, as I neither
forget nor repent the offer. And I must confess a
greater quickning could not have been added to my
resolution to serve you, than the challenge you lay to
my duty, to follow, in his absence, the affection of
your most noble and hearty friend the marquis.

I lost no time to deliver your letter, and to contri-
bute <he most advantageous arguments I could. It
seems your motion had been more than enough, if a
former engagement to Sir William Becher upon the
• marquis his score had not opposed it.

I will give you his majesty's answer, which was ;
That he could not value you so little, or conceive
you would have humbled your desires and your worth
so low : That it had been a great deal of ease to him
to have had such a scantling of your mind ; to which
he could never have laid so unequal a measure. His
majesty adding further, that since your intentions
moved that way, he would study your accommoda-
tion. And it is not out of hope, but that he may
give some other contentment to Sir William Becher
in due time, to accommodate your lordship, of

Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

whom, to your comfort, it is my duty to tell you,
his majesty declared a good opinion, and princely
care and respect.

I will not fail to use time and opportunity to your
advantage : and if you can think of any thing to
instruct my affection and industry, your lordship
may have the more quick and handsome proof of
my sure and real intentions to serve you, being
indeed

Your Lordship's affectionate servant,

Roj-ston, March 27, 1623. ED. CoNWAV.

To Count GONDOMAR, then in Spain.

Illustrissime Comes,

MULT A sunt, quae mihi animos addunt, et quan-
dam alacritatem conciliant, ut Dominationem tuam
illustrissimam hoc tempore de meis fortunis com-
pellam et deprecer. Primum, idque vel maximum,
quod cum tarn arcta regum nostrorum conjunctio jam
habeatur pro transacta, hide et tu factus sis inter-
cessor tanto potentior; et mihi nullus jam subsit
scrupulus universas fortunas meas viro tanto, licet
extero, debendi et acceptas referendi. Secundum,
quod cum ea, quae dominatio tua illustrissima de me
promisso tenus preesens impetraveras, neque ullam
repulsam passa sint, neque tamen ad exitum per-
clucta ; videatur hoc innuere providentia divina, ut
hoc opus me a calamitate erigendi plane ttium sit
initio et fine. Tertium, quod stellae duiE, quae mihi
semper fuerunt propitiae, major et minor, jam splen-
dent in urbe vestra, unde per radios auxiliares et be-
nignos amoris erga me tui eum possint nancisci in-
rluxum, qui me in aliquo non indigno priore fortuna
gradu collocet. Quartum, quod perspexi ex literis,
quas ad amicum meum intimum dominum Tobiani
Matthccum nuper scripsisti, memoriam mei apud te
vivere et vigere, neque tanta negotiorum arduorum et
sublimium mole, quanta dom. tuae incumbit, obrutam

344 Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

esse aut extinctam. Postremum accidit et illud, quod
postquam ex favore excellent. Domini marchionis ad
regis mei conspectum et colloquium admissus fuerirn,
videar mihi in statu gratias collocatus. Non me allo-
cutus est rex ut criminosum, s*ed ut bominem tem-
pestate dejectum ; et simul constantem meum ut
perpetuum in sermone suo industriae et integritatis
tenorem prolixe agnovit, cum insigni, ut videbatur,
affectu: unde major mihi oboritur spes, manente ejus
erga me gratia, et extincta omni ex diuturnitate in-
vidia, labores illustr. domin. tua? pro me non incassum
fore. Ipse -interim nee otio me dedi, nee rebus me
importune immiscui, sed in iis vivo, et ea tracto,
qua3 nee priores, quos gessi, honores dedeceant, et
posteris memoriam nominis mei baud ingratam
fortasse relinquent. Itaque spero me non indignam
fore materiam, in qua et potentiae et amicitiae tuee vis
elucescat et celebretur ; ut non minus in privata
hominis fortuna potuisse videaris, quam in negotiis
publicis. Deus illustriss. dominationem tuam in-
columen servet et felicitate cumulet.

Indorsed,

My lord St. Al ban's first letter to Gondomar, into
Spain, March 28, 1623.

To the Marquis of BUCKINGHAM, in Spain.

Excellent Lord,

FINDING so trusty a messenger as Sir John
Epsley, I thought it my duty to put these few lines
into bis hands. I thank God, that those shadows,
which either mine own melancholy, or my extreme
love to your lordship, did put into my mind con-
cerning this voyage of the prince and your lordship,
rather vanish and diminish, than otherwise. The
gross fear is past of the passage of France. I think
you had the ring, which they write of, that, when
the seal was turned to the palm of the hand, made
men go invisible. Neither do I hear of any novelty
here worth the esteeming.

Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon. 345

There is a general opinion here, that your lordship
is like enough to return, and go again, before the
prince come : which opinion, whether the business
lead you to do so or no, doth no hurt; for it keeps
men in awe.

I find, I thank God, some glimmering of the king's
favour, which your lordship's noble work of my
access, no doubt, did chiefly cherish. I am much
bound to Mr. Secretary Conway. It is wholly for
your lordship's sake ; for 1 had no acquaintance with
him in the world. By that I see of him, he is a man
fit to serve a great king, and tit to be a friend and
servant to your lordship. Good my lord, write two
or three words to him, both of thanks, and a general
recommendation of me unto him.

Vouchsafe, of your nobleness, to present my most
humble duty to his highness. We hear he is fresh in
his person, and becomes this brave journey in all
things. God provide all things for the best.

I ever rest, 8cc.

Indorsed, March 30, 1623.

To Mr. Secretary CONWAY.

Good Mr. Secretary,

I AM much comforted by your last letter, wherein
I find, that his majesty, of his mere grace and good-
ness, vouchsafeth to have a care of me, a man out of
sight, out of use ; but yet his, as the Scripture saith,
God knows those that are his. In particular, I am
very much bound to his majesty, and I pray you, Sir,
thank his majesty most humbly for it, that, notwith-
standing the former designment of Sir William
Becher, (a) his majesty, as you write, is not out of

(«) Sir William had not, however, that post ; but, in lieu of it, the
promise of -25001. upon the fall of the first of the six clerks places,
and was permitted to keep his clerkship of the council. Mb. letter
of Mr. Chamberlain to Sir Dudley Carieton, dated at London, July
(JL\, 162-1. The provostship was given to Sir Henry Wotton, who
\vas instituted into it the 26th of that month, having purchased it by

346 Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

hope, in due time, to accommodate me of this cell,
and to satisfy him otherwise. Many conditions, no
doubt, may be as contenting to that gentleman, and
his years may expect them. But there will hardly
fall, especially in the spent hour-glass of my life, any
thing so fit for me, being a retreat to a place of study
so near London, and where, if I sell my house at
Gorhambury, as I purpose to do, to put myself in
some convenient plenty, I may be accommodated of
a dwelling for summer time. And therefore, good
Mr. Secretary, further this his majesty's good inten-
tion, by all means, if the place fall.

For yourself, you have obliged me much. I will
endeavour to deserve it : at least your nobleness is
never lost ; and my noble friend, the marquis, I
know, will thank you for it.

I was looking of some short papers of mine touch-"
ing usury (b), to grind the teeth of it, and yet make it
grind to his majesty's mill in good sort, without dis-
contentment or perturbation. If you think good, I
will send it to his majesty, as the fruit of my leisure.
But yet I would not have it come from me, not for
any tenderness in the thing, but because I know, in
courts of princes, it is usual, non res3 sed displicet
auctor. God keep your honour, &c.

Indorsed,

To Mr. Secretary Conway, touching the provostship
of Eton, March 31, 1623.

a surrender of a grant of the reversion of the mastership of the roIJ.%
and of another office, which was fit to be turned into present money,
which he then, and afterwards, much wanted [Life ot him by
]VIr. Isaac Walton :] for when he went to the election at Eton, soon
after his being made provost, he was so ill provided, that the fellows
of the college were obliged to furnish his bare walls, and whatever
else was wanting. MS. letter of Mr. Chamberlain, Aug. 7, 1 62 1.

(h] In bis works is published, A Draught of an Act against an
usurious Shift of Gain, hi delivering of Couwt'jditics instead of Money.

Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon. 347

\To Count GONDOMAR.

Illustrissime Comes,

PRIMO loco, ut debeo, gratulor domination! tuai
illustrissimse novum honoris tui gradum per se sub-
limem, sed ex causa, propter quam evectus es, baud
parum nobilitatum. Profectio dom. Tobiae Mattbaei,
qui mihi est tanquam alter ego, ut dominatio tua
illustrissima optime novit, in illas partes, memoriam
mibi renovat eximii tui erga me favoris, cum me
pluries, paulo ante discessum tuum, in campis, in
urbe visitares, et prolixe de voluntate tua erga for-
turias meas pollicereris. Quinetiam tain apud regeni
meum quam apud marchionem de illis sedulo ageres,
ut etiam promissum ab illis de postulatis meis ob-
tinueris. Quod si illo tempore quis mihi genius
aut vates in aurem insusurrasset et dixisset, Mitte ista
in praesens. Britannia est regio paulo frigidior : differ
rem donee princeps Gallias et marchio Buckinghamias
et comes de Gondomar conveniunt in Hispania, ubi
hujusmodi fructus clementius maturescant : quin et
viderit idem dom. Tob. Matthaeum, qui illic, quem-
admodum nunc, instabit, et negotium promovebit:
scilicet risissem, sed fidem prorsus non adhibuissem.
Quare, illustrissime comes, cum talia miracula edi-
deris in tortuna publica, etiam in fortuna amici et
cervi tui privata eniteat virtus tua. Miraculum enim
potentiae et fidei proles est. Tu potentiam habes,
ego fide abundo, si modo digna sit res ad quam
dominatio tua illustrissima manum salutarem porrigat.
Id tempus optime demonstrabit.

Cum nuper ad dominationem tuam illustrissimam
scripserim, eo brevior fio. Hoc tantum a te peto,
ut etiam inter negotia, quae feliciter administras,
consuetam digneris dom. Matthaeo libertatem pro-
ponendi et consulendi apud te ea, quae in rem meam
fore videbimus.

Deus illustrissimam tuam dominationem servet in-
columem, ut enixe optat, &c.

3 ]S Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

To the Earl of BRISTOL, Ambassador in Spain.

My very good Lord,

THOUGH I have written to your lordship lately,
yet I could not omit to put a letter into so good
a hand as Mr. Matthew's, being one, that hath often
made known unto me, how much I am beholden to
your lordship ; and knoweth likewise in what estima-
tion I have ever had your lordship, not according to
your fortunes, but according to your inward value.
Therefore, not to hold your lordship in this time of so
great business, and where I have so good a mean as
Mr. Matthew, who, if there be any thing that con-
cerns my fortune, can better express it than myself, I
humbly commend myself, and my service to your
lordship, resting, &c.

To Sir FRANCIS COTTINGTON, Secretary to the
PRINCE.

Good Mr. Secretary,

THOUGH I think I have cloyed you with letters,
yet had I written a thousand before, I must add one
more by the hands of Mr. Matthew, being as true a
friend, as any you or I have ; and one, that made me so
happy, as to have the assurance of your friendship ;
which if there be any stirring for my good, I pray
practise in so good a conjunction as his. I ever
rest, &c.

To Mr. TOBIE MATTHEW.

Good Mr. Matthew,

BECAUSE Mr. Clarke is the first, that hath been
sent since your departure, who gave me also the com-
fortable news, that he met you well, I could not but
visit you with my letters, who have so often visited
me with your kind conferences.

Letters etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

My health, I thank God, is better than when you
left me ; and, to my thinking, better than before my
last sickness. This is all I need to write of myself
to such a friend.

We hope well, and it is generally rather spoken,
than believed, that his highness will return very
speedily. But they be not the best pieces in painting,
that are dashed out in haste. I hope, if any thing
want, in the speed of time, it will be compensed in
the fruit of time, that all may sort to the best.

I have written a few words of duty and respect
only to my lord marquis, and Mr. Secretary. I pray
you kiss the count of Gondomar's hand.

God keep you.

Your most affectionate and assured friend,

May 2, 1623. FR. ST. ALB AN.

To the Duke of BUCKINGHAM.

Excellent Lord,

I WRITE now only to congratulate with your
grace your new honour (a) ; which because I reckon
to be no great matter to your fortune, though you are
the first English duke that hath been created since I
was born, my compliment shall be the shorter.
So having turned almost my hopes of your grace's
return, by July, into wishes, and not to them neither,
if it should be any hazard to your health, I rest, &c.

Vouchsafe, of your nobleness, to present my most
humble duty to his highness. Summer is a thirsty
time ; and sure I am, I shall infinitely thirst to see
his highness's and your grace's return.

(a) The title of duke, conferred on him May 18, 1623=

350 Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

Duke of BUCKINGHAM to the Lord Viscount ST.

ALBAN.

My good Lord,

I HAVE received your hearty congratulation for
the great honour and gracious favour, which his ma-
jesty hath done me: and I do well believe, that no
man is more glad of it than yourself.

Tobie Matthew is here ; but what with the jour-
ney, and what with the affliction he endures, to find,
as he says, that reason prevails nothing with these
people, he is grown extreme lean, and looks as sharp
as an eyas (a}. Only he comforts himself with a con-
ceit, that he is now gotten on the other side of the
water, where the same reason, that is valuable in other
parts of the world, is of no validity here: but rather
something else, which yet he hath not found out.

I have let his highness see the good expressions of
your lordship's care and faithful affection to his person;
and shall ever be ready to do you, in all things, the
best service that I can.

So wishing your lordship much happiness, I rest

Your Lordship's faithful friend,
Madrid, this 29th of May, and humble servant,

1623,**. vet.

G. BUCKINGHAM.

To the Duke of BUCKINGHAM, in Spain,
Excellent Lord,

1 HUMBLY thank your grace for your letter of the
29th of May ; and that your grace doth believe, that
no man is gladder of the increase of your honour and
fortune, than I am -, as, on the other part, no man

(<*) A young hawk, just taken out of the nest.

Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

should be more sorry, if it should in the least degree
decline, nor more careful, if it should so much as
labour. But of the first, I speak as a thing that is :
but of the two latter, it is but a case put, which I hope
I shall never see. And, to be plain with your grace,
I am not a little comforted to observe, that, although
in common sense and experience, a man would have
doubted, that some things might have sorted to your
prejudice ; yet in .particulars we find nothing of it.
For a man might reasonably have feared, that ab-
sence and discontinuance might have lessened his
majesty's favour: no such thing. has followed. So
likewise, that any, that might not wish you well,
should have, been bolder with you. But all is conti-
nued in good compass. Again, who might not have
feared, that your grace being there to manage, in
great part, the most important business of Europe, so
far from the king, and not strengthened with advice
there, except that of the prince himself, and thus to
deal with* so politic a state as Spain, you should be
able to go through as you do ? and yet nothing, as we
hear, but for your honour, and that you do your part.
Surely, my lord, though your virtues be great, yet
these things could not be, but that the blessing of
God, which is over the king and the prince, doth
likewise descend upon you as a faithful servant ; and
you are the more to be thankful to God for it.

I humbly thank your grace, that you make me live
in his highness' s remembrance, whom I shall ever bear
an heart to honour and serve. And I much joy to
hear of the great and fair reputation, which at' all
hands are given him.

For Mr. Matthew, I hope by this time he hath ga-
thered up his crumbs ; which importeth much, I as-
sure your grace, if his cure must be, either by find-
ing better reason on that side the line, or by disco-
vering, what is the motion, that moveth the wheels,
that, if reason do not, we must all pray for his being
in good point. But in truth, my lord, I am glad he
is there; for I know his virtues, and particularly his
devotion to your lordship.

352 Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

God return his highness and your grace, unto us
safe and sound, and according to your heart's de-
sires*

To Mr. TOBIE MATTHEW,

Good Mr. Matthew,

I have received your letter of the 10th of June (#),
and am exceeding glad to hear you are in so good
health. For that, which may concern myself, I nei-
ther doubt of yourjudgment in choosing the fittest
time, nor of your affection in taking the first time you
shall find fit. For the public business, I will not turn
my hopes into wishes yet, since you write as you do;
and I am very glad you are there, and, as I guess, you
went in good time to his lordship.

For your action of the case, it will fall to the ground ;
for I have not heard from the duke, neither by letter
nor message, at this time.

God keep you. I rest always

Your most affectionate and faithful servant,

Grey's-inn, 17th of June, 1623. FR.Sr. ALBAN.

1 do hear from Sir Robert Ker, and others, how
much beholden I am to you.

To Mr. TOBIE MATTHEW.

Good Mr. Matthew,

I THANK you for your letter of the 26th of June,
and commend myself unto your friendship, knowing
your word is good assurance, and thinking I cannot
wish myself a better wish, than that your power may
grow to your will.

Since you say the prince hath not forgot his com-
mandment, touching my History of Henry VIII. I

(a) N.S.

Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon. 353

may not forget my duty. But I find Sir Robert Cot-
ton, who poured forth what he had, in my other
work, somewhat dainty of his materials in this.

It is true, my labours are now most set to have
those works, which I had formerly published, as that
of Advancement of Learning, that of Henry VIL that
of the Essays, being retractate, and made more per-
fect, well translated into Latin by the help of some
good pens, which forsake me not, for these modern
languages will, at one time or other, play the bank-
rupts with books : and since 1 have lost, much time
with this age, I would be glad, as God shall give me
leave, to recover it with posterity.

For the essay of friendship, while I took your speech
of it fora cursory request, I took my promise for a
compliment. But since you call for it, I shall perform
it (a).

I am much beholden to Mr. Gage for many expres-
sions of his love to me: and his company, in itself very
acceptable, is the more pleasing to me, because it re-
taineth the memory of yourself.

This letter of yours, of the 26th, lay not so long by
you, but it hath been as speedily answered by me, so
as with Sir Francis Cottington 1 have had no speech
since the receipt of it. Your former letters, which I
received from Mr. Griesley, I had answered before,
and put my letter into a good hand.

For the great business, God conduct it well. Mine
own fortune hath taught me expectation.

God keep you.

Indorsed,

To Mr. Matthew, into Spain.

(«) Among his Essays, published In quarto, and dedicated to
the duke of Buckingham, is one upon Friendship.

VOL. VI. A A

354 Letter s> etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

To Mr. TOBIE MATTHEW.

Good Mr. Matthew,

I HAVEreceived your letter sent by my lord of An-
dover ; and, as I acknowledged your care, so I cannot
fit it with any thing, that I can think on for myself;
for since Gondomar, who was my voluntary friend, is
in no credit, neither with the prince, nor with the
duke, I do not see what may be done for me there ;
except that, which Gondomar hath lost, you have
found ; and then I am sure my case is amended : so,
as with a great deal of confidence, I commend my*
self to you, hoping, that you will do what in you
lieth, to prepare the prince and duke to think of me
upon their return. And if you have any relation to
the infanta, I doubt not but it shall be also to my use.
God keep you.

Your most affectionate and assured friend, &c.

To the Duke of BUCKINGHAM.

Excellent Lord,

Though I have formerly given your grace thanks
for your last letter, yet being much refreshed to hear
things go so well, whereby we hope to see you here
shortly, your errand done, and the prince within the
vail ; I could not contain, but congratulate with your
lordship, seeing good fortune, that is God's blessing,
still follow you. I hope I have still place in your
love and favour; which if I have, for other place, it
shall not trouble me. I ever rest

Your Grace's most obliged
July 22, 1623. and faithful servant.

Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon. 355

To the Duke of BUCKINGHAM.

Excellent Lord,

UPON Mr. Clarke's dispatch, in troth I was ill in
health, as he might partly perceive. Therefore I wrote
to my true friend, and your grace's devoted servant,
Mr. Matthew, to excuse me to your grace for not
writing. Since, I thank God, I am pretty well reco-
vered; for I have lain at two wards, one against my
disease, the other against my physicians, who are
strange creatures.

My lord, it rejoiceth me much, that I understand
from Mr. Matthew, that I live in your grace's re-
membrance ; and that I shall be the first man, that
you will think on upon your return: which if your
grace perform, I hope God Almighty, who hath hi-
therto extraordinarily blessed you in this rocky busi-
ness, will bless you the more for my sake- For I
-have had extraordinary tokens of his divine favour to-
wards me, both in sickness and in health, prosperity
and adversity.

Vouchsafe to present my most humble duty to his
highness, whose happy arrival will be a bright morn-
ing to all. I ever rest

Your Grace's most obliged

and faithful servant,

GrcjVinn, Aug. 29, 1623. FR. ST. ALBAN.

To Mr. TOBIE MATTHEW.

Good Mr. Matthew,

I HAVE gotten a little health : I praise God for
it. I have therefore now written to his Grace, that I
formerly, upon Mr. Clarke's dispatch, desired you to
excuse me for not writing, and taken knowledge, that
I have understood from you, that I live in his grace's

A A2

356 Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

remembrance ; and that I shall be his first man, that
he wiJl have care of upon his return. And although
your absence be to me as uncomfortable to my mind,
as God may make it helpful to my fortunes ; yet it is
somewhat supplied by the love, freedom, and often
visitations of Mr. Gage ; so, as when I have him, I
think I want you not altogether.
God keep you.

Your most affectionate

and much obliged friend, $V.

Minutes of a Letter to the Duke of BUCKINGHAM.

THAT I am exceeding glad his grace is come
home (a) with so fair a reputation of a sound protes-
tant, and so constant for the king's honour and
errand.

His grace is now to consider, that his reputation
will vanish like a dream, except now, upon his return,
he do some remarkable act to fix it, and bind it in.

They have a good wise proverb in the country,
whence he cometh, taken I think from a gentlewo-
man's sampler, 2ui en 710 da nudo, pierdo pimto, " he
" that tieth not a knot upon his thread, loseth his
« stitch.'*

Any particular I, that live in darkness, cannot pro-
pound. Let his grace, who seeth clear, make his
choice : but let some such thing be done, and then
this reputation will stick by him; and his grace may
afterwards be at the better liberty to take and leave
off the future occasions, that shall present.

•(a) The prince and duke arrived from Spain in London, October
6, 1623.

.

Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon* 357

To the KING.

It may please your most excellent Majesty,

\ SEND, in all humbleness, to your majesty, the
poor fruits of my leisure. This book (a) was the first
thing, that ever I presented to your majesty (b) ; and
it may be, will be the last. For I had thought it
should have been potshuma proles. But God hath
otherwise disposed for a while. It is a translation,
but almost enlarged to a new work. I had good helps
for the language. I have been also mine own index ex-
purgatorius, that it may be read in all places. For since
my end of putting it into Latin was to have it read
every where, it had been an absurd contradiction to
free it in the language, and to pen it up in the mat-
ter. Your majesty will vouchsafe graciously to re-
ceive these poor sacrifices of him, that shall ever de-
sire to do you honour, while he breathes, and fulfilleth
the rest in prayers.

Your Majesty's true beadsman,

and most humble servant, SCc.

Todos duelos con pan son buenos : itaque det vestra
Afajestas obolum Bellisario.

To the PRINCE.

It may please your excellent Highness,

I SEND your highness, in all humbleness, my book
of Advancement of Learning, translated into Latin,
but so inlarged as it may go for a new work. It is a

(«) De Augmentis Scientiarum, printed at London, 1623, in folio.
The present to king James I, is in the royal library in the British
Museum.

(b} The two books of Sir Francis Bacon of the Proficiency and Ad~
vancement of Learning, Divine and Human : printed at London,
1605, in quarto.

358 Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

book, I think, will live, and be a citizen of the world,
as English books are not. For Henry the Eighth, to
deal truly with your highness, I did so despair of my
health this summer, as 1 was glad to choose some such
work, as I might compass within days ; so far was I
from entering into a work of length. Your highness's
return hath been my restorative. When I shall wait
upon your highness, I shall give you a farther account.
So I most humbly kiss your highness's hands, resting

Your Highness s most devoted servant.

I would, as I wrote to the duke in Spain, I could
do your highness's journey any honour with my pen.
It began like a fable of the poets ; but it deserveth all
in a piece a worthy narration.

Conf. Buc.(ff).

My Lord,

MY counsels bear not so high an elevation, as to
have for their mark business of estate. That, which
I level at, is your standing and greatness, which ne-
vertheless I hold for a main pillar of the king's ser-
vice.

For a parliament, I hold it then fit, when there
have passed some more visible demonstrations of your
power with the king, and your constancy in the way
you are in : before not.

There are considerable, in this state, three sorts of
men : the party of the papists, which hate you ;
the party of the protestants, including those they call
puritans, whose love is yet but green towards you ;
and particular great persons, which are most of them
reconciled enemies, or discontented friends : and you
must think there are a great many, that will magnify
you, and make use of you for the breaking of the
match, or putting the realm into a war, which after
will return to their old bias.

* Conference with Buckingham.

Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon. 359

For particulars, it is good to carry yourself fair;
but neither to trust too far, nor to apply too much,
but keep a good distance, and to play your own game,
shewing yourself to have, as the bee hath, both of the
honey and of the sting.

The speech now abroad is, " My lord of Bucking*
" ham's head is full of thoughts : he hath a great
" task ; either he must break, or the match must
*c break. He was wont to go to the king's ways ;
" but now he goeth cross his way, he will easily lose
" his way."

There is a point nice to be managed, yea, and ten-
der to be spoken of, which is your carriage between
the king and the prince ; so that you may lose no
manner of ground with the prince ; and yet the king
may not think himself the more solitary, nor that
you adore too much the sun rising. Though this
you may set down, that the way to have the king sure
unto you is to keep great with the prince.

Conf. with Buc. December 17, 1623.

YOU march bravely : but methinks you do not draw
up your troops.

You must beware of these your pardons. If we
make men less in awe, and respect you, urina chiara
fafico al medico.

The points of the general advice.

If a war be proceeded in ; to treat a strait league
with France, under name of a renovation of the match
with France. Three secret articles, the liberty of the
German nation, whereof there is a fresh precedent of
Henry the second of France, that took it into protec-
tion prosperously, and to the arrest of the emperor
Charles's greatness. 2. The conservation of the liber-
ties of the Low-Countries for the United Provinces,
and open trade into the East and West Indies.

Offer of mine own service upon a commission into
France.

My lord hath against him these disadvantages; the
catholic party ; the Spaniard -3 the envy and fear of par-

360 Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

ticular great men ; the nice point of carrying himself
between the king and the prince.

The knot, which is to be tied for his reputation,
must either be advancing or depressing of persons, or
putting by, or forwarding of actions.

Conf. Buc. qu. and old store, January 2, 1623.

THERE is not an honester man in court than
Montgomery («).

To have some opportunity, by the D.'s means, to
speak with the prince in presence of the duke.

To think, whether it be fit for me to speak with
the king, and to seek access before parliament ; if
then.

The offer of my service to live a summer, as upon
mine own delight, at Paris, to settle a fast intelli-
gence between France and us.

I have somewhat of the French : I love birds, as the
king doth, and have some childish mindedness, where-
in we shall consent.

To think of Belfast's sending over into Ireland.
Those, that find themselves obnoxious to parliament,
will do all they can, that those things, which are
likest to distaste the king, be first* handled.

It is not to be forgotten, that as long as great men
were in question, as in my case, all things went sweetly
for the king. But the second meeting, when no such
thing was, the pack went higher.

Weeding time is not yet come. Cott. Car.
qu. of Car.

The battery will be chiefly laid on the prince's
part, if they find any entry.

To be the author of some counsel to the prince,
that tasteth of religion and virtue, lest it be imputed,
that he entertains him only in pleasures, like a Pe.
Ga.

The things remarkable for your grace, to fix and

(a) Philip, earl of Montgomery, afterwards of Pembroke.

Letter S, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon. 361

bind in the reputation, which you have gained, must
be either persons, or matters.

The doubt the prince is mollis cera, and formed di
ultima impression. Therefore good to have sure
persons about him, or at least none dangerous.

For the pardons to proceed, it is a tender business.
First, whatsoever useth to be done in parliament is
thankless. Then it is not good for his grace. It will
make men bolder with him. Urina chiarafa fico al
medico. Lastly, remove the envy from others, it may
beat upon my lord himself, or the king.

Conf. B. January 2, 1623.

YOU have now tied a knot, as I wished you ; qui
en no da undo, pier do punto (a) ; a jolly one, the par-
liament. Although I could have wished, that before
a parliament, some remarkable thing had been done,
whereby the world might have taken notice, that you
stand the same in grace and power with the king.
But there is time enough for that between this and
parliament (b). And besides, the very prevailing for
a parliament sheweth your power with the king.

You march bravely. Do you draw up you troops
so well ?

One of these days I shall turn my lord Brooke, and
say to you, O brave Buckingham.

I will commend you to all others, and censure you
only to yourself.

You bowl well, if you do not horse the bowl an
hand too much. You know the fine bowler is knee
almost to ground in the delivery of the cast.

Nay, and the king will put a hook in the nostrils of
Spain, and lay a foundation of greatness here to his
children, in these west parts. The call for me, it is
book-learning. You know the king was wont to do me
the honour, as to say of me, de minimis non cur at lex :

(a) " He that tieth not a knot upon his thread, loseth his stitch.'

(b) It met February 19, 1623-4.

Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

if good for any thing, for great volumes, I cannot
thread needles so well.

The chamberlain (c) : for his person not effectual ;
but some dependences he hath, which are drawn with
him. Besides, he can take no reputation from you.

Montgomery is an honest man, and a good ob-
server. Can you do nothing with Naunton (d) ?
Who would think now, that I name Naunton to my
lord of Buckingham ? But I speak to you point-blank :
no crooked end, either for myself, or for others turn.

The French treaty, besides alliance, is to have
three secret articles : the one, the protection of the li-
berty of Germany, and to avoid from it all forces
thence, like to that which was concluded between the
Princes of Germany and Henry II. (e), the last king
except Henry IV. of value in France; for the race of
the Valois were faitneants ; and, in the name of Ger-
many, to conclude the Grisons and Vaholine. The
second, the conserving the liberties of the Low-Coun-
tries. The third, the free trade into all parts of both
East and West Indies. All these import no invasive
hostility, but only the uniting of the states of Europe
against the growing ambition of Spain. Neither do
any of these touch upon the cause of religion.

I am persuaded, the hinge of the king's affairs, for
his safety and greatness, is now in Spain. I would the
king had an abler instrument.

Above all, you must look to the safety of Ireland,
both because it is most dangerous for this state, for the
disease will ever fall to the weakest part ; and besides,
this early declaration against Spain, which the popish
party call abrupt, and is your grace's work, may be
thought to be the danger of Ireland. It were good

(c) William, earl of Pembroke.

(d) Sir Robert Naunton, who had been secretary of state, and
was now master of the court of wards.

(e) This league first arrested the greatness of the emperor,
and cloistered him. iVofc of Lord Bacon.

Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon. 363

you called to you Belfast (/) and Grandison (g}> and
ask their opinions, what is best to be done for the safety
of Ireland, either by increasing the list of companies,
and by contenting those that are in arrear, by paying ;
or by altering any governor there ; or by having com-
panies ready mustered and trained here, towards the
coast of Ireland ; or by having shipping in readiness,
&c. For this gown commission, I like it welj^ but
it is but paper-shot for defence.

If the papists be put in despair, it both endangereth
Ireland, and maketh a greater difficulty in the treaty
and alliance with France.

To think of a difference to be put between the Je-
suits and other priests and papists, as to reduce, in
some moderation, the banishment of the one, though
not of the other : but to remember, that they were
the reasonablest, as I take it, in the consult; and it
may draw the blow of an assassin against Bucking-
ham.

At least the going on with the parliament hath gained
this, that the discourse has ceased, " My lord of Buck-
" ingham hath a great task. His head is full : either
<c the match breaks, or his fortune breaks. He has
<e run his courses with the stream of the king's ways ;
" but now he goeth cross-way, he may soon lose his
" own way."

If your grace go not now constantly on for religion,
and round dealing with Spain, men will either think
they were mistaken in you, or that you are brought
about ; or that your will is good, but you have no
power.

Your grace hath a great party against you, and a
good rough way. The Spaniards hate you : The Pa-
pists little better. In the opinion of the people, you
are green, and vet not at a gage. Particulars are, for
the most part, discontented friends or reconciled ene-
mies : and that nice dividing between the sol orient
and Occident.

(/) Arthur Chichester, baron of Belfast, who had been made
lord deputy of Ireland in 1604-.

(g) Oliver St. John, viscount Grandison, made lord deputy of
Ireland in August,

364- Letters, etc. of Lor d Chancellor Bacon.

To the Duke of BUCKINGHAM.

Excellent Lord,

I DESIRE in this, which I now presume to write
to your grace, to be understood, that my bow carrieth
not so^high as to aim to advise touching any of the
great affairs now on foot, and so to pass it to his ma-
jesty through your hands ; though it be true, that my
good affection towards his majesty and the prince and
the public is that which will last die in me ; and
though I think also his majesty would take it but
well, if having been that man I have been, my honest
and loyal mind should sometimes feed upon those
thoughts. But my level is no farther, but to do the
part of a true friend, in advising yourself for your own
greatness and safety; although, even in this also, I as-
sure myself I perform a good duty to the public ser-
vice, unto which I reckon your standing and power
to be a firm and sound pillar of support.

First, therefore, my lord, call to mind oft^and con-
sider duly how infinitely your grace is bound to God in
this one point, which I find to be a most rare piece,
and wherein, either of antient or late times, there are
few examples ; that is, that you are beloved so dearly,
both by the king and the prince. You are not as a
Lerma, or an Olivares, and many others the like,
who have insinuated themselves into the favours of
young princes, during the kings, their fathers, time,
against the bent and inclination of the kings : but con-
trariwise, the king himself hath knit the knot of trust
and favour between the prince and your grace, where-
in you are not so much to take comfort in that you
may seem to have two lives in your own greatness, as
in this, that hereby you are enabled to be a noble in-
strument for the service, contentment, and heart's*
ease, both of father and son. For where there is so
loving and indulgent a father, and so respective and
obedient a son, and a faithful and worthy servant, in-
terested in both their favours upon all occasions, it

Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon. 365

cannot be but a comfortable house. This point your
grace is principally to acknowledge and cherish.

Next, that, which I should have placed first, save
that the laying open of God's benefits is a good pre-
paration to religion and godliness, your grace is to
maintain yourself firm and constant in the way you
have begun ; which is, in being, and shewing yourself
to be, a true and sound Protestant. This is your soul's
health. This is that you owe to God above, for his
singular favours : and this is that which hath brought
you into the good opinion and good will of the realm
in general. So that, as your case differed"!, as I said,
from the case of other favourites, in that you have both
king and prince; so in this, that you have also now
the hearts of the best subjects, for I do not love the
word people, your case differeth from your own, as it
stood before. And because I would have your repu-
tation in this point complete, let me advise you, that
the name of Puritans in a Papist's mouth do not make
you to withdraw your favour from such as are honest
and religious men ; so that they be not so turbulent
and factious spirits, or adverse to the government of
the church, though they be traduced by that name.
For of this kind is the greatest part of the body of the
subjects; and besides, which is not to be forgotten,
it is safest for the king and his service, that such men
have their dependence upon your grace, who are en-
tirely the king's, rather than upon any other subject.

For the Papists, it is not unknown to your grace,
that you are not, at this time, much in their books.
But be you like yourself; and far be it from you, under
a king and prince of that clemency, to be inclined to
rigour or persecution.

But three things must be looked unto : the first,
that they be suppressed in any insolency, which may
tend either to disquiet the civil estate, or scandalise
our church in fact ; for otherwise, all their doctrine
doth it in opinion. The second, that there be an end,
or limit, of those graces, which shall be thought fit for
them, and that there be not every day new demands
hearkened to. The third, that for those cases and

S6t> Letter s^ etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

graces, which they have received, or shall receive of
the state, the thanks go the right way ; that is, to the
king and prince, and not to any foreigner. For this is
certain, that if they acknowledge them from the state,
they may perhaps sit down when they are well. Bat
if they have a dependence upon a foreigner, there will
be no end of their growing desires and hopes. And
in this point also, your lordship's wisdom and mode-
ration may do much good.

For the match with Spain, it is too great and dark
a business for me to judge of. But as it hath relation
to concern yourself, I will, as in the rest, deal freely
with your grace.

My lord, you owe, in this matter, two debts to the
king : the one, that, if in your conscience and judg-
ment you be persuaded it be dangerous and prejudi-
cial to him and his kingdoms, you deliver your soul,
and in the freedom of a faithful counsellor, joined
with the humbleness of a dutiful servant, you declare
yourself accordingly, and shew your reasons. The
other, that if the king in his high judgment, or the
prince in his settled affection, be resolved to have it
go on, that then you move in their orb, as far as they
shall lay it upon you. But meanwhile, let me tell
your grac^, that I am not of the general opinion
abroad, that the match must break, or else my lord
of Buckingham's fortune must break. I am of an-
other opinion ; and yet perhaps it will be hard to
make you believe it, because both sides will persuade
you to the contrary. For they that would not have it
go on will work upon that conceit, to make you op-
pose it more strongly. They that would have it go
on will do the same, to make you take up betimes,
and come about. But I having good affiance in your
grace's judgment, will tell you my reasons why Ithus
think, and so leave it. If the match should go on,
and put case against your counsel and opinion, doth
any man think, that so profound a king, and so well
seen in the science of reigning, and so understanding
a prince, will ever suffer the whole sway of affairs and
greatness to go that way ? And, if not, who should

Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon. 367

be a fitter person to keep the balance even than your
grace, whom the king and prince know to be so in-
tirely their own, and nave found so nobly independent
upon any other ? Surely my opinion is, you are likely
to be greater by counterpoise against the Spanish de-
pendence, than you will by concurrence. And there-
fore, in God's name, do your duty faithfully and wise-
ly ; for behaving yourself well otherwise, as I know
you will, your fortune is like to be well either way.

For that excellent lady, whose fortune is so distant
from her merits and virtue, the queen of Bohemia, your
grace, being as it were the first-born, or prime man of
the king's creatures, must in consequence owe the
most to his children and generations ; whereof I know
your noble heart hath far greater sense than any
man's words can infuse into you. And therefore
whatsoever liveth within the compass of your duty,
and of possibility, will no doubt spring from you out
of that fountain.

It is open to every man's discourse, that there are
but two ways for the restitution of the Palatinate :
treaty and arms. It is good, therefore, to consider
of the middle acts, which may make either of these
ways desperate, to the end they may be avoided in
that way which shall be chosen. If no match, either
this with Spain, or perhaps some other with Austria,
no restitution by treaty. If the Dutch, either be
ruined, or growr to a peace of themselves with Spain,
no restitution by war.

But these things your grace understandeth far better
than myself. And, as I said before, the points of
state I aim not at farther, than they may concern your
grace, to whom, while I live, and shall find it accept-
able to you, I shall ever be ready to give the tribute of
a true friend and servant, and shall always think my
counsels given you happy, if you shall pardon them,
when they are free, and follow them when they are
good. God preserve and prosper you.

368 Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

To the Duke of BUCKINGHAM (a).

Excellent Lord,

THERE is a suit, whereunto I may, as it were,
claim kindred, and which may be of credit and profit
unto me ; and it is an old arrear which is called upon,
from Sir Nicolas Bacon> my eldest brother. It may
be worth to me perhaps two thousand pounds ; and
yet I may deal kindly with my brother, and also re-
ward liberally, as I mean to do, the officers of the
Exchequer, which have brought it to light. Good
my lord, obtain it of the king, and be earnest in it for
me. It will acquit the king somewhat of his pro-
mise, that he would have care of my wants ; for hither-
to, since my misfortunes, I have tasted of his majesty's
mercy, but not of his bounty. But your lordship may
be pleased in this, to clear the coast with my lord trea-
surer ; else there it will have a stop. I am almost at
]ast cast for means ; and yet it grieveth me most, that
at such a time as this I should not be rather service-
able to your grace, than troublesome.

God preserve and prosper your grace.

Your Grace's most obliged

and faithful servant,

This 23d of January, 1623. Fn. ST. AlBAN.

To the Earl of OXFORD (A).
My very good Lord,

LET me be an humble suitor to your lordship, for
your noble favour. I would be glad to receive my
writ this parliament (c}y that I may not die indisho-

(«) The duke's answer to this letter, dated at Newmarket, the
28th of January, 1623, is printed nep.i the end of Vol. V.

(b) Henry Vere, who died in 1625. He was lord great chamber-
Iain of England.

(c) That met February 19, 1623, and was prorogued May 29,

Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon. 369

nour ; but by no means, except it should be with the
love and consent of my lords to re-admit me, if their
lordships vouchsafe to think me worthy of their com-
pany ; or if they think that which I have suffered now
these three years, in loss of place, in loss of means,
and in loss of liberty for a great time, to be a suffi-
cient expiation for my faults, whereby I may now
seem in their eyes to be a fit subject of their grace,
as I have been before of their j ustice. My good lord,
the good which the commonwealth might reap of my
suffering, is already inned. Justice is done ; an ex-
ample is made for reformation ; the authority of the
house for judicature is established. There can be no
farther use of my misery ; perhaps some little may be
of my service; for, I hope I shall be found a man
humbled as a Christian, though not dejected as a
worldling. I have great opinion of your lordship's
power, and great hope, for many reasons, of your fa-
vour ; which, if I may obtain, I can say no more but
nobleness is ever requited in itself; and God, whose
special favour in my afflictions I have manifestly
found to my comfort, will, I trust, be my pay-master
of that, which cannot be requited by

Your Lordship's affectionate

humble servant, Kc.

Indorsed, February 2, 1623.

To Sir FRANCIS BARNHAM (a).

Good Cousin,

UPON a little searching, made touching the pa*
tents of the survey of coals, I find matter not only to
acquit myself, but likewise to do myself much right.

Any reference to me, or any certificate of mine, I

(«) He appears to be a relation of his lordship's lady, who was
daughter of Benedict Barnham, Esq. alderman of the city of London.
Sir Francis was appointed by his lordship one of the executors of his
last will.

VOL. VI. B 2

370 Letters etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

find not. Neither is it very likely I made any ; for
that, when it came to the great seal, I stayed it. 1 did
not only stay it, but brought it before the council-table,
as not willing to pass it, except their lordships allowed
it. The lords gave hearing to the business, I remem-
ber, two several days; and in the end disallowed it,
and commended my care and circumspection, and or-
dered, that it should continue stayed ; and so it did
all my time.

About a twelvemonth since, my lord duke of Le-
nox, now deceased (6), wrote to me to have the privy
seal ; which, though I respected his lordship much, I
refused to deliver to him, but was content to put it
into the right hand ; that is, to send it to my lord
keeper (c), giving knowledge how it had been stayed.
My lord keeper received it by mine own servant,
writeth backto me, acknowledging the receipt, and
adding, that he would lay it aside until his lordship
heard further from my lord steward (d), and the rest
of the lords. Whether this first privy seal went to the
great seal, or that it went about again, I know not :
but all my part is, that I have related. I ever rest

Your faithful friend, and cousin,

March 14, 1623. FR. ST. ALB AN.

To the Duke of BUCKINGHAM.

My Lord,

I AM now full three years old in misery : neither
hath there been any thing done for me, whereby I
might die out of ignominy, or live out of want. But
now that your grace, God's name be praised for it,
hath recovered your health, and are come to the
court, and the parliament business hath also inter-
mission, I firmly hope your grace will deal with his

(V) He died suddenly, February 12, 162.3-4.

(c) See his letter to lord St. Alban, of February 7, 1622.

(d) James, marquis of Hamilton, who died March 2, 1624-5.

Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon* 371

majesty, that as I have tasted of his mercy, I may
also taste of his bounty. Your grace, 1 know, for a
business of a private man, cannot win yourself more
honour ; and I hope I shall yet live to do you service.
For my fortune hath, I thank God, made no altera-
tion in my mind, but to the better. I ever rest
humbly

Your Grace's most obliged

and faithful servant 9

FR. ST. ALBAN.

If I may know, by two or three words from your
grace, that you will set in for me, I will propound
somewhat that shall be modest, and leave it to your
grace, whether you will move his majesty yourself, or
recommend it by some of your lordship's friends, that
wish me well ; [as my lord of Arundel, or Secretary
Conway, or Mr. James Maxwell (a).]

To the Duke of BUCKINGHAM.

Excellent Lord*

I UNDERSTAND, by Sir John Suckling, that he
attended yesterday at Greenwich, hoping, according
to your grace's appointment, to have found you there,
and to have received your grace's pleasure touching
my suit, but missed of you : and this day he sitteth
upon the subsidy at Brentford, and shall not be at
court this week : which causeth me to use these few
lines, to hear from your grace, I hope to my comfort :
humbly praying pardon, if 1 number thus the days,
that misery should exceed modesty. I ever rest

Your Grace's most faithful

and obliged servant,

June 30, 1624. FR. ST. ALBAN.

(a) The words included in brackets have a line drawn after them,

BB 2

372 Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

To Sir RICHARD WESTON, Chancellor of the

Exchequer.
Air. Chancellor,

THIS way; by Mr. Myn, besides a number of lit-
tle difficulties it hath, amounteth to this, that I shall
pay interest for mine own money. Besides, I must
confess I cannot bow my mind to be a suitor, much
less a shifter, for that means, which I enjoy by his
majesty's grace and bounty. And therefore I am ra-
ther ashamed of that I have done, than minded to go
forward. So that I leave it to yourself, what you think
fit to be done in your honour and my case, resting

Your very loving friend,
London, this 7th of July, 1624-. FR. ST. ALBAN.

To the Duke of BUCKINGHAM.

Excellent Lord,

NOW that your grace hath the king private, and
at better leisure, the noise of soldiers, ambassadors,
parliaments, a little ceasing, I hope you will remem-
ber your servant ; for at so good a time (a), and after
so long a time, to forget him, were almost to forsake
him. But, howsoever, I shall still remain
Your Grace's most obliged

and faithful servant,

FR. ST. ALBAN.

I am bold to put into my good friend, Sir Tobie
Matthew's hand, a copy of my petition, which your
grace had sent to Sir John Suckling.

Indorsed, August, 162 4-.

(a) This seems to refer to the anniversary thanksgiving-day for the
king's delivery from the Govvry conspirac-y, on the Mh of August,
1600.

Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

To the Duke of BUCKINGHAM.

Excellent Lord,

I AM infinitely bound to your grace for your late
favours* I send your grace a copy of your letter, sig-
nifying his majesty's pleasure, and of the petition.
The course, I take it, must be, to make a warrant for
the execution of the same, by way of reference to Mr.
Chancellor of the Exchequer, and Mr. Attorney (a).
I most humbly pray your grace, likewise, to. prostrate
me at his majesty's feet, with most humble thanks
for the grant of my petition, whose sweet presence
since I discontinued, methinks 1 am neither amongst
the living, nor amongst the dead.

I cannot but likewise gratulate his majesty on the
extreme prosperous success of his business, since this
time twelvemonth. I know I speak it in a dangerous
time ; because the die of the Low-Countries is upon
the throw. But yet that is all one. For if it should
be a blow, which I hope in God it shall not, yet it
would have been ten times worse, if former courses
had not been taken. But this is the raving of an hot
ague.

God evermore bless his majesty's person and de-
signs, and likewise make your grace a spectacle of
prosperity, as you have hitherto been.

Your Grace's most faithful and obliged,

and byijour revived servant,
Gre/s Inn, 9th of October, 1624. Fit. S r. ALBAX.

(a) Sir Thoinas Coventry.

374 Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacoji.

To the Chancellor of the Duchy (#), Sir HUM-
PHRY MAY.

Good Mr. Chancellor,

I DO approve very well of your forbearance to
move my suits, in regard the duke's return (b) is so near
at hand, which I thought would have been a longer
matter ; and I imagine there is a gratiastitium till he
.Come. I do not doubt but you shall find his grace
nobly disposed. The last time you spake with him
about me, I remember you sent me word, he thanked
you for being so forward for me. Yet I could wish,
that you took some occasion to speak with him, gene-
rally to my advantage, before you move to him any
particular suit ; and to let me know how you find
mm.

My lord treasurer sent me a good answer touching
my monies. I pray you continue to quicken him,
that the king may once clear with me. A fire of old
wood needeth no blowing ; but old men do. I ever
rest

Yours to do you service.

(G) This letter is indorsed, 1625.

(b} From Paris, whither the duke of Buckingham went in May,
1625, to conduct the new queen to England.

Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

375

Consultations in Parliament anno 1 Caroli Regis,
at Westminster, anno Domini 1(?25 (#).

[Found among Lord Bacon's Papers.]

THE consultations now in parliament may be
regulated into these four heads following.

I.

The state of the
king in the con-
stant re venue of -(
his crown.

1 . What it was ; and how far the introitus et
exitus there ordered. Vide my book of a medium
for ten years before primojacobi regis.

Lands;

Customs and impositions ;

Casualties.

What now it is
in clear revenue,
either by

on

3.

The means how
it is abated by

Gifts of land, ex mero motu,
and no valuable consideration.

This may be revoked.

Grants of pensions, now
1200001. before but 180001.
Good times have resumed them
upon necessity.

Increase of houshold, from
450001. to SOOQOl.

The purveyors more, and the
tables less furnished than for-
merly.

Fruitless ambas^ages with
larger allowance than formerly.
To reduce them to the ordinary
of the late queen.

Treble increase of the privy
purse. Double increase of the
treasury of the chamber and
great wardrobe. In all, by not
using the best course of assign-
ments, whereby the creditor is
delayed in his payment, and the
king surcharged in the price.

The exchequer-man making
his best profit from the king's
wants.

(«) This parliament met en the 18th of June, and was dissolved August

S76

Letters , etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

2.

The condition-1
of the subject in
his freedom and
fortune.

1.

Formerly in
taxes by par-
liament.

2.

Now in

Subsidies and fifteenths, spent
only in defence of the states, or
aid of our allies.

Tonage and poundage em-
ployed in guard of the seas.
Loans rarely, and that employed
entirely for the public. Im-
position by prerogative, of old
custom, rated easily by the book
of rates, if any, either limited to
time or measure.

Custom enhanced by the new
books of rates. Impositions and
monopolies multiplied ; and this
settled to continue by grants.

Tonage and poundage levied,

though no act of parliament, nor

the seas guarded. The times,

the ways, and the persons, that

L induce these.

What sums have been granted for
the defence of the state these last
three years.

How in particular spent and where.

1.

/" 1. The council of

Public trea-^

By what ad- 1 war appointed by par-

sure is to be

vice, as by j liament.

examined.

direction of *l 2. By full order of

3.

M the council.

The employ-

1 3. By any other than

ment or waste

Vthose, and by whom.

of treasure.

-How many,, K The Palatinate.

2. •<

trans carted < 2' Count Mansfield.

The king's

or employed, f , j -"P soldiers u\

9 subjects.

^asto ^ ast fleet.

The design, where
they were sent.

The council, that di-
rected it.

The success of the
action, and the return
of the persons in num-
'her* and the loss.

Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

377

3.

In ships and
munition of

4.
Our own.

The number and quantity employed
severally.

The manner of imbarking these ships,
and what prejudice and discouragement
of trade.

The council, that directed such em*
ployments.

The several successes, as at Algier,
and Cadiz.

5.

Strangers, as
prize.

6.

Allies.

7.
Enemies,

Hired by contract
serve, and how used :
prize

to
or

Taken as prize : if so,

How then delivered and
dealt withal in the course
of justice.

What success hath fol-
lowed upon injustice done
them : as the arrest of our
goods in France and Ger-
many, whereby our goods
are at a stand for vent.

The number and true
value of the goods.

The account made to his
majesty or his officers, for it.
By whom

The dis-
missing and
discharging
of any of
them and
the goods,
namely,

the direction.

2. The pre-
tence.

3. The value
of the goods.

4. The place
whither they
went.

Under this head will fall the complaint of Dover.

A nation feared, renowned, victorious.

It made the Netherlands there a state
when it was none.

Recovered Henry IV. of France's
kingdom, when he had nothing left but
the town of Dieppe.

Conquered the invincible navy of
Spain in 1588.

Took towns in Portugal the year fol-
lowing, and marched 100 miles upon
the firm land.

Fired, or brought away, the Spanish

373

Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

How for-
merly we
stood.

4.

Honour of
the king and
state, which,'
as in all
other, con-
sists more in
fumd than m.

2.

The cause
of the good
success then.

3.

In what
condition.

Condition

we now

5. ' -

stand by

The reasons.

navy before Cadiz, and sacked the
town.

Took the Spanish ships daily, and
spoiled the Port-Towns of the West-In-
dies, never losing but one ship during
all the Spanish wars.

Reduced the ambition of that king
for a fifth monarchy to so low an ebb,
that in one year he paid 2500 millions
of ducats for interest, so as after he was
in forced to beg treaties of peace, in low
terms, at the last queen regent's hands.

A carriage and readiness in the peo-
ple to assist their sovereign in their purse
and person.

A wisdom and gravity of council,
who ordered nothing but by public de-
bate, and then assisted by the military
professors, either by land or sea, of the
best repute, and such only employed.

» C

Loss in re- j
putation by\ In the journey with
the ill sue- J Mansfield.
cess. I In this last to Ca-

Vdiz 0)

The unchearfulness we
have either to adven-
ture our purses or goods,
occasioned by a distrust

In the voyage of AI-
gier.

In the Palatinate.

we have of the suc-
cesses.

The want of the like
courses and counsels, that
were formerly used.

I could wish, that for every of these four heads
there were a particular committee to examine an apt
report for the houses ; and the houses, upon every
report to put itself into a Committee of the whole
assembly; and after a full and deliberate debate, to
order a model, or form, for a conference with the
lords : and so, together, humbly to present unto his
majesty a remonstrance of their labour ; offering
withal a serious consultation and debate amongst

In October, 1525.

Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon. 379

themselves for the finding out the fittest manner both
for the defence of the state and our allies, reformation
of the errors, and a constant way to raise such sup^
plies of money and necessaries, as may enable his ma-
jesty to proceed chearfully, and I hope assuredly, in
this his glorious action, not only for himself and the
state, but for all that profess the same religion, and
are like to be overwhelmed in the ambition of the
Spanish monarchy.

To Sir ROBERT PYE.

Good Sir Robert Pye,

LET me intreat you to dispatch that warrant of a
petty sum, that it may help to bear my charge of
coming, up [a] to London. The duke, you know,
loveth me, and my lord treasurer (b) standeth now
towards me in very good affection and respect (c).
You that are the third person in these businesses, I
assure myself, will not be wanting ; for you have pro-
fessed and shewed, ever since 1 lost the seal, your
good will towards me. I rest

Your affectionate and assured friend, 3fc,
Indorsed,

To Sir Robert Pye. Gor. 1625.

(«) From Gorhambury.

( b ) Sir James Lord Ley, advanced from the post of lord chief
justice of the King's Bench, on the 20th of December, 1624-, to
that of lord treasurer ; and created earl of Marlborough on the 5th
of February, 1625-6.

(c) His lordship had not beea always in that disposition towards
the lord viscount St. Alban ; for the latter, in a letter to this lord
treasurer, severely expostulated with him about his unkindness and
injustice.

380 Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

To the Earl of DORSET (#).

My very good Lord,

THIS gentleman, the bearer hereof, Mr. Colles by
name, is my neighbour. He is commended for a
civil young man. I think he wanteth no metal, but
he is peaceable. It was his hap to fall out with Mr.
Matthew Francis, serjeant at arms, about a toy ; the
one affirming, that a hare was fair killed, and the
other foul. Words multiplied, and some blows passed
on either side. But since the first falling out, the
serjeant hath used towards him divers threats and
affronts ; and, which is a point of danger, sent to
him a letter of challenge : but Mr, Colles, doubting
the contents of the letter, refused to receive it. Mo-
tions have been made also of reconcilement, or of
reference to some gentlemen of the country not par-
tial : but the serjeant hath refused all, and now, at
last, sueth him in the earl marshal's court. The gen-
tleman saith, he distrusteth not his cause upon the
hearing; but would be glad to avoid restraint, or
long and chargeable attendance. Let me therefore
pray your good lordship to-move the noble earl (bj in
that kind, to carry a favourable hand towards him,
such as may stand with justice and the order of that
court. I ever rest

Your Lordship's faithful friend and servant,

Indorsed,

To E. Dorset. Gor. 1625.

(a) Sir Edward Sackville succeeded to that title on the death of
his brother Richard, March 28, 1624-.

b} .Anindel, earl marshal.

Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

Sir THOMAS COVENTRY, Attorney General, to
the Lord Viscount ST. ALBAN.

Mi) very good Lord,

I RECEIVED from your lordship two letters, the
one of the 23d, the other of the 28th of this month.
To the former I do assure your lordship I have not
heard any thing of any suits or motion, either touch-
ing the reversion of your honours, or the rent of your
farm of petty writs ; and, if I had heard any thing
thereof, I would not have been unmindful of that
caveat, which heretofore you gave in by former
letters, nor slack to do you the best service I might.

The debt of Sir Nicolas Bacon resteth as it did;
for in the latter end of king James's time, it exhibited
a quo ivarranto in the Exchequer, touching that li-
berty, against Sir Nicolas, which abated by his
death ; then another against Sir Edmund, which by
the demise of the king, and by reason of the adjourn-
ment of the late term, hath had no farther pro-
ceeding, but that day is given to plead.

Concerning your other letter, I humbly thank your
lordship for your favourable and good wishes to me,
though I, knowing my own unaptness to so great
an employment (a), should be most heartily glad, if
his majesty had, or yet would choose, a man of more
merit. But, if otherwise, humbleness and submission
becomes the servant, and to stand in that station
where his majesty will have him, But as for the re-
quest you make for your servant, though I protest I
am not yet engaged by promise to any, because I
hold it too much boldness towards my master, and
discourtesy towards my lord keeper (6), to dispose of
places, while he had the seal : yet in respect I have

(«) That of the great seal, of which Sir Thomas Coventry was
three days after made lord keeper, on the 1st of November, 1625.

(b) Bishop Williams, who had resigned the great seal, on the 25th
of October, 1625, to Sir John Suckling, who brought his majesty's
warrant to receive it, dated at Salisbury on the 23d of that mqnth,

Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

some servants, and some of my kindred, apt for the
place you write of, and have been already so much
importuned by noble persons, when I lately was with
his majesty at Salisbury, as it will be hard for me to
give them all denial ; 1 am not able to discern, how I
can accommodate your servant ; though for your
sake, and in respect of the former knowledge myself
have had of the merit and worth of the gentleman, I
should be most ready and willing to perform your
desire, if it were in my power. And so, with re-
membrance of my service to your lordship, I remain,

At your Lordship 's commandment,

Kingsbury, Oct. 29, 1625. THO. COVENTRY.

To the right honourable and my very good lord the
viscount St. Allan.

To Mr. ROGER PALMER.
Good Mr. Roger Palmer,

1 THANK God, b'y means of the sweet air of the
country, I have obtained some degree of health.
Sending to the court, I thought I would salute you :
and I would be glad, in this solitary time and place,
to hear a little from you how the world goeth, ac-
cording to your friendly manner heretofore.
Fare ye well most heartily.

Your very affectionate and assured friend,

Gorhambury, Oct. 29, 1625. FR. ST. ALBAN.

To the Duke of BUCKINGHAM.
Excellent Lord,

I COULD not but signify unto your grace my
rejoicing, that God hath sent your grace a son and
heir (a), and that you are fortunate as well in your

(a) Born November 17, 1625, and named Charles. Diary of the
Life of Archbishop Laud, published by Mr. Wharton, p. 24. This
son of the duke died the 16th of March, 1626-7. Ibid. p. 4-0.

Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon. 38;

house, as in the state of the kingdom. These bless-
ings come from God, as I do not doubt but your grace
doth, with all thankfulness, acknowledge, vowing to
him your service. Myself, I praise his divine ma-
jesty, have gotten some step into health. My wants
are great ; but yet I want not a desire to do your
grace service : and I marvel, that your grace should
think to pull down the monarchy of Spain without
my good help. Your grace will give me leave to be
merry, however the world goeth with me. I ever
rest '

Your Grace's most faithful,

and obliged servant, $"c.
I wish your grace a good new year.

To Sir HUMPHRY MAY, Chancellor of the
Duchy of Lancaster.

Good Mr. Chancellor,

I DID wonder what was become of you, and was
very glad to hear you were come to court j which,
methiuks, as the times go, should miss you as well
as I.

I send you another letter, which I wrote to you of
an old date, to avoid repetition; and I continue my
request then to you, to sound the duke of Bucking-
ham's good affection towards rne, before you do move
him in the particular petition. Only the present oc-
casion doth invite me to desire, that his grace would
procure me a pardon of the king of the whole sen-
tence. My writ for parliament 1 have now had twice
before the time, and that without any express restraint
not to use it. It is true, that I shall not be able, in
respect of my health, to attend in parliament ; but yet
J might make a proxy* Time hath turned envy to
pity ; and I have a long cleansing week of five years
expectation and more. Sir John Bennet hath his par-
don ; and my lord of Somerset hath his pardon, and,
they say, shall sit in parliament. My lord of Suffolk

584 Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Baco?i.

cometh to parliament, though not to council. I hope
I deserve not to be the only outcast.
God keep you. I ever rest

Your most affectionate friend,

to do you service.
I wish you a good new year.

Indorsed,

To the chancellor of the Duchy. Gor. 1625.

To the Marquis d'EppiAT, the French Ambas-
sador.

Mons. VAmbassadeur, monfls,

VOUS scavez que le commencement est la moitie*
du fait. Voyla pourquoy je vous ay escrit ce petit
mot de lettre, vous priant de vous souvenir de vostre
noble promesse de me mettre en la bonne grace de
nostre trcs-excellente Royne, & m'en faire recevoir
quelque gracieuse demonstration. Vostre Excellence
prendra aussi, s'il vous plaist, quelque occasion de
prescher un peu a mon avantage en 1'oreille du Due
de Buckingham en general. Dieu vous ayt en sa
saincte garde.

Vostre tres-ajfectionnc

et Ires humble serviteur,

January 18, 1625.

FR. ST. ALBAN.

Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon. 385

The following letters, wanting both date and cir-
cumstances to determine such dates, are
placed here together.

To the Lord TREASURER *. .From the

original

It may please your honourable Lordship, draught in

the library

I ACCOUNT myself much bound to your lord-
ship for your favour shewed to Mr. Higgins upon my oxford,'
commendations about Pawlet's wardship; the effect Arch- D* 2*
of which your lordship's favour, though it hath been
intercepted by my lord deputy's suit, yet the signifi-
cation remains : and I must in all reason consent and
acknowledge, that your lordship had as just and good
cause to satisfy my lord deputy's request, as I did
think it unlikely, that my lord would have been suitor
for so mean a matter.

So this being to none other end but to give your
lordship humble thanks for your intended favour, I
commend your lordship to the preservation of the
Divine Majesty.

From Greg's Inn.

To Sir FRANCIS VERE *. # Id ib>

SIR,

I AM to recommend to your favour one Mr. John
Ashe, as to serve under you, as agent of your com-
pany ; whose desire how much I do affect, you may
perceive if it be but in this, that myself being no fur-
ther interested in you, by acquaintance or deserving,
yet have intruded myself into this commendation;
which, if it shall take place, I shall by so much the
more find cause to take it kindly, by how much I find
less cause in myself to take upon me the part of a
mover or com mender towards you, whom nevertheless
I will not so far estrange myself from, but that in a

VOL. vi. c c

5 5 ; Ltttm, etc. tfLord Gtatfdbr Baam.

general or mutual respect, incident to persons of our
qualities and service,, and not without particular in-
ducements of friendship, I might, without breaking
decorum, offer to you a request of this nature, the ra-
ther honouring jou so much for your virtues, I would
gladly take occasion to be beholden to you ; yet no
more gladly than to have occasion to do you any good
office. And! so this being to no other end, I commend
you to God's goodness.

Fsam BET ckunber at the

To Mr. CAWFEILDE

I ADE faQ account to have seen you here this
reading, but your neither coming nor sending the in~
terr. as you undertook, I may (a] perceive of a won-
der. And yon know super mfrarl cf penal pkUaso-
pkari. The redemption of both these consisteth in
the vouchsafing of your coming up now, as soon as
you conveniently can ; for now is the time of confe-
rence and counsel. Besides, if the course of the court
be held super hdemgat. judicts, then must the interr.
be ready ere the commission be sealed ; and if the
commission proceed not forthwith, then will it be
caught bold of for further delay. I will not, by way
of admittance, desire you to send with all speed the
interr. because I presume much of your coming, which
I hold necessary ; and accordingly, pro wore amiciti*.
I desire you. earnestly to have regard both of the
matter itself, and my so conceiving. And so, &c.

Your friend, particularly.

Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon. 387

To my Lord MOXTJOYE*. *Fromtbe

original

My rerygood Lord,

FINDING by my last going to my lodge atTwick-
enham, and tossing over my papers, somewhat that I
thought might like you, I had neither leisure to per-
fect them, nor the patience to expect leisure ; so de-
sirous I was to make demonstration ofimy honour and
love towards you, and to increase your good love to-
wards me. And I would not have your lordship con-
ceive, though it be my manner and rule to keep state
in contemplatisre matters si quis venerit nomine suo, cum
recipietis, that I think so well of the collection as I
seem to do: and yet I dare not take too much from
it, because I have chosen to dedicate it to you. To
be short, it is the honour I can do to you at this time.
And so I commend me to your love and honourable
friendship.

To Kins TAMES I.

^j v

May it please your Majesty,

THINKING often, as I ought, of your majesty's
virtue and fortune, I do observe, not without admi-
ration, that those civil acts of sovereignty, which are
of the greatest merit, and therefore of truest glory,
are by the providence of God manifestly put into your
hands, as a chosen vessel to receive from God, and an
excellent instrument to work amongst men the best
and noblest things. The highest degree of sovereign ho-
nour is to be founder of a kingdom or estate ; for, as
in the acts of God, the creation is more than the
conservation ; and as among men, the birth-day is
accounted the chiefest of the days of life ; so, to
found a kingdom is more worthy, than to augment, or
to administer the same. And this is an honour that
no man can take from your majesty, that the day of

cc 2

385 Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

your coming to the crown of England was as the
birth-day of the kingdom intire Britain.

The next degree of sovereign honour is the planta-
tion of a country or territory, and the reduction of a
nation, from waste soil and barbarous manners, to a
civil population. And in this kind also your majesty
hath made a fair and prosperous beginning in your
realm of Ireland. The third eminent act of sove-
reignty, is to be a lawgiver, whereof he speaketh.
Pace data terris, animum ad civ ilia vert it
Jura suum, legesque tulit justissimus author.
And another saith, " Ecquid est, quod tarn proprie
" dici potest actum ejus, qui togatus in republica cum
" potestate imperioque versatur, quam lex. Quaere
" acta Gracchi : leges Semproniae proferentur : quaere
cc Syllae, Corneliae quid? Cneii Pompeii tertius con-
<c sulatus in quibus actis consistit? Nempe legibus.
" A Gaesare ipso si quaereres quidnam egisset in urbe
" et toga ; leges multas se respondeat et praeclaras
" tulisse."

the KING.
It may please your Majesty,

A FULL heart is like a full pen : it can hardly
make any distinguished work. The more I look upon
my own weakness, the more I must magnify your
favours; and the more I behold your favours, the
more I must consider mine own weakness. This is
my hope, that God, who hath moved your heart to
favour me, will write your service in my heart. Two
things I may promise ; for, though they be not mine
own, yet they are surer than mine own, because
they are God's gifts ; that is, integrity and indus-
try. And therefore, whensoever I shall make
my account to you, I shall do it in these words,
ecce tibi lucrifeci, and not ecce mihi lucrifeci. And for
industry, I shall take to me, in this procuration, not
Martha's part, to be busied in many things, but Mary's
part, which is to intend your service -, for the less my

:

Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon. 389

abilities are, the more they ought to be contracted ad
unum. For the present, I humbly pray your majesty
to accept my most humble thanks and vows as the
forerunners of your service, which I shall always per-
form with a faithful heart.

Your Majesty s most obedient servant,

FR. BACON.

To the KING'S most excellent Majesty.

The humble petition of the Lord VERULAM, viscount
ST. ALBAN.

THAT whereas your supplicant, for reward of full
sixteen years service in the painfullest places of your
kingdom, how acceptable or useful, he appealeth to
your majesty's gracious remembrance, had of your
majesty's gracious bounty two grants, both under the
great seal of England ; the one a pension of 12001.
the other a farm of the petty writs, about 6001. per
annum in value, which was long since assigned to
your supplicant's wife's friends in trust for her mainte-
nance: which two grants are now the substance of
your supplicant's and his wife's means, and the only
remains of your majesty's former favours, except his
dignities, which without means are but burdens
to his fortunes:

So it is, most gracious sovereign, that both these
are now taken from him; the pension stopped, the
lease seized, the pension being, at this present, in ar-
rear 5001. and at Michaelmas 8001. is stopped, as he
conceiveth, upon the general stop of pensions; though
he hopeth assuredly, that your majesty, that looketh
with the gracious eye of a king, and not the strict eye
of an officer, will beholdhis case as especial, if not sin-
gular. The latter was first seized for satisfaction of a pri-
vate gentleman, your supplicant unheard, and without
any shadow of a legal course. Since it hath been con-
tinued, in respect of a debt to your majesty for the arrear
of rent upon the same farm, amounting to 15001. But

390 Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

whereas your majesty's farmers debtors for their rents,
and other your debtors, have usually favours, some-
times of stallment, sometimes upon equity, if their
farms decay, or at least when they are called upon,
have days given, put in security, or the like ; your
supplicant was never so much as sent to, no warn-
ings to provide, no days given, but put out of posses-
sion suddenly by a private and peremptory warrant,
without any spark of those favours used to the mean-
est subjects. So that now your supplicant having left
little or no annual income, is in great extremity, hav-
ing spread the remnant of his former fortunes in jewels
and plate, and the like, upon his poor creditors, hav-
ing scarce left bread to himself and family.

In tender consideration whereof, your supplicant,
and overthrown servant, doth implore your majesty's
grace and goodness felt by so many, known to all,
and whereof he cannot live to despair ; first, in gene-
ral, that your majesty will not suffer him, upon whose
arm your princely arm hath so often been, when you
presided in counsel, so near he was, and who hath
borne your image in metal, but more in his heart, ut-
terly to perish; or, which is worse, to live in his
last days in an abject and sordid condition. Next, in
particular, that your majesty would be graciously
pleased to take present order to have the arrear of his
pension paid, and likewise that for the future it may
be settled, that he be not at courtesy, nor to beg at
that door, which is like enough to be shut against
him. Secondly, that the possession of his wife's lease
maybe restored to her; aad this bit of arrear to your
majesty, that you will be pleased to remit it, accord-
ing to your majesty's gracious and pious promise, when
you admitted him to you in the night of his troubles,
which was, that you would not meddle with his estate,
but to mend it. In the restoring 'the possession, you
shall remove your hand of arms: in the remitting
of the rent, you shall extend your hand of grace :
and if he be not worthy of so much favour, as to
have it released yet, that it may be respited for some
good time, that he may make somewhat of that

Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon. 391

bis father left him, and keep himself out of want, in
such sort, that your supplicant, that aspireth but to
live to study, be not put to study to live. And he, ac-
cording to his bounden duty, shall not intermit, as he
ever hath done, to pray to God for your majesty's
health and happiness.

To the Marquis of BUCKINGHAM,

My very good Lord,

I HEAR yesterday was a day of very great honour
to his majesty, which I do congratulate. I hope also
his majesty may reap honour out of my adversity;
as he hath done strength out of my prosperity. His
majesty knows best his own ways ; and for me to de-
spair of him, were "a sin not to be forgiven. I thank
God I have overcome the bitterness of this cup by
Christian ^resolution ; so that worldly matters are but
mint and cumin.

God ever preserve you.

Indorsed,

To my Lord Buckingham after my troubles.

To the Marquis of BUCKINGHAM*

My very good Lord,

I thought it my duty to take knowledge to his ma-
jesty, from your lordship, by the inclosed, that, much
to my comfort, I understand his majesty doth not for-
get me nor forsake me, but hath a gracious inclination
to me, and taketh care of me; and to thank his ma-
jesty for the same. I perceive, by some speech, that
passed between your lordship and Mr. Meautys, that
some wretched detractor hath told you, that it were
strange I should be in debt : for that I could not but
have received an hundred thousand pounds gift since
I had the seal, which is an abominable falsehood-.

392 Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

Such tales as these made St. James say, that the tongue
is afire, and itself fired from hell, whither, when these
tongues shall return, they will beg a drop of water to
cool them. I praise God for it, I never took penny for
any benefice or ecclesiastical living; I never took penny
for releasing any thing I stopped at the seal ; I never
took penny for any commission, or things of that na-
ture; I never shared with any servant for any second
or inferior profit. My offences I have myself recorded,
wherein I studied, as a good confessant, guiltiness,
and not excuse ; and therefore I hope it leaves me
fair to the king's grace, and will turn many men's
hearts to me.

As for my debts, I shewed them your lordship,
when you saw the little house and the farm, besides a
little wood or desert, which you saw not.

If these things were not true, although the joys of
the penitent be sometimes more than the joys of the
innocent, I could not be as I am.

God bless you, and reward you for your constant
love to me. I rest, &c.

Draught of a Letter to the Marquis of BUCKING-
HAM not sent (a).

My Lord,

I SAY to myself, that your lordship hath forsaken
me; and I think I am one of the last, that findeth
it, and in nothing more, than that twice at London
your lordship would not vouchsafe to see me, though
the latter time I begged it of you. If your lordship
lack any justification about York-house, good my lord,
think of it better; for I assure your lordship, that mo-
tion to me was to me as a second sentence ; for I con-
ceived it sentenced me to the loss of that, which I

(a) Among lord Bacon's printed letters, is one without a date, in
which he complains, as in this, that he, being twice now in London the
marquis did not vouchsafe to see him.

Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon. 393

thought was saved from the former sentence, which is
your Jove and favour. But sure it could not be that
pelting matter, but the being out of sight, out of use,
and the ill offices done me, perhaps by such as have
your ear. Thus I think, and thus I speak ; for I am
far enough from any baseness or detracting, but shall
ever love and honour you, howsoever I be

Your forsaken friend and freed servant,

FR. ST. ALBAN.

To the Marquis of BUCKINGHAM.
My very good Lord,

IT is in vain to cure the accidents of a disease, ex-
cept the cause be found and removed. I know ad-
versity is apprehensive ; but I fear it is too true, that
now I have lost honour, power, profit and liberty; I
have, in the end, lost that, which, to me, was more
dear than all the rest, which is my friend. A change
there is apparent and great ; and nothing is more sure
than that nothing hath proceeded from and since my
troubles, either towards your lordship or towards the
world, which hath made me unworthy of your unde-
served favours or undesired promises. Good my lord,
deal so nobly with me, as to let me know, whether
I stand upright in your favour, that either I may en-
joy my wonted comfort, or see my griefs together,
that I may the better order them ; though, if your
lordship should never think more of me, yet your
former favours should bind rne to be

Your Lordship's most obliged

and faithful servant,

FR. Sr. ALBAN.

394 Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

To the Marquis of BUCKINGHAM.
My very good Lord,

THIS extreme winter hath turned, with me, a
weakness of body into a state that I cannot call health,
but rather sickness, and that more dangerous than felt,
as whereby I am not likely to be able to wait upon
your lordship, as I desired, your lordship being the
person, of whom I promise myself more almost than
of any other; and, again, to whom, in all loving
affection, I desire no less to approve myself a true
friend and servant. My desire to your lordship is to
admit this gentleman, my kinsman and approved
friend, to explain to you my business, whereby to save
further length of letter, or the trouble of your lord-
ship's writing back.

To Mr. TOBIE MATTHEW.

Good Mr. Matthew,

THE event of the business, whereof you write, is,
it may be, for the best : for seeing my lord, of himself,
beginneth to come about, quorsum as yet ? I could
not in my heart suffer my lord Digby to go hence with-
out my thanks and acknowledgments. I send my
letter open, which I pray seal and deliver. Particu-
lars I would not touch.

Your most affectionate

and assured friend y

FR. ST. ALBAN,

Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon. 395

To Mr. TOBIE MATTHEW.

Good Mr. Matthew,

WHEN you write by pieces, it shewetb your con-
tinual care ; for a flush of memory is not so much ; and
I shall be always, on my part, ready to watch for
you, as you for me.

I will not fail, when I write to the lord marquis, to
thank his lordship for the message, and to name the
nuntius. And, to tell you plainly, this care, they
speak of, concerning my estate, was more than I
looked for at this time ; and it is that, which pleaseth
rne best. For my desires reach but to a fat otium.
That is truth ; and so would I have all men think, ex-
cept the greatest ; for I know patents, absque aliquid
inde reddendo, are not so "easily granted.

I pray my service to the Spanish ambassador, and
present him my humble thanks for his favour. I am
much his servant ; and ashes may be good for some-
what. I ever rest

Your most affectionate and assured friend,

FR. ST. ALB AN.

I have sought for your little book, and cannot find
it. I had it one day with me in my coach. But sure
it is safe ; for I seldom lose books or papers.

To the Lord Viscount ST. ALBAN.

Most honoured Lord,

1 HAVE received your great and noble token and
favour of the 9th of April, and can but return the
humblest of my thanks for your lordship's vouchsafing
so to visit this poorest and unworthiestof your servants.
It doth me good at heart, that, although I be not
where I was in place, yet I am in the fortune of your

396 Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

lordship's favour, if I may call that fortune, which I
observe to be so unchangeable. I pray hard that it
may once come in my power to serve you for it ; and
who can tell, but that, asfortis imaginatio general ca-
sum, so strange desires may do as much ? Sure I am,
that mine are ever waiting on your lordship ; and wish-
ing as much happiness as is due to your incomparable
virtue, I humbly do your lordship reverence.

Your Lordship's most obliged

and humble, servant,

TOBIE MATTHEW.

POSTSC. The most prodigious wit, that ever I knew
of my nation, and of this side of the sea, is of your
lordship's name, though he be known by another.

To the Lord Archbishop of YORK (a).

My very good Lord,

I MUST use a better style, than mine own, in say-
ing, Amor tints undequaque se ostendit ex literis tuis
proximis, for which I give your grace many thanks,
and so, with more confidence, continue my suit to
your lordship for a lease absolute for twenty one years
of the house, being the number of years, which my
father and my predecessors fulfilled in it. A good
fine requires certainty of term ; and I am well assured,
that the charge I have expended, in reparations,
amounting to 1000 marks at least already, is more than
hath been laid out by the tenants, that have been ia it
since my remembrance, answerable to my particular
circumstance, that I was born there, and am like to
end my days there. Neither can I hold my hand, but,
upon this encouragement, am like to be doing still,
which tendeth to the improvement, in great measure

(a] Dr. Tobie Matthew.

Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon. 397

of the inheritance of your see by superlapidations,
if I may so call it, instead of dilapidations, wherewith
otherwise it might be charged.

And whereas a state for life is a certainty, and not
so well seen how it wears, a term of years makes me
more depending upon you and your successsion.

For the providing of your lordship and your suc-
cessors a house, it is part of the former covenant,
wherein I desired not to be released.

So assuring myself of your grant and perfecting of
this my suit ; and assuring your grace of my earnest
desire and continual readiness to deserve well of you
and yours chiefly, and likewise of the see in any of the
causes or preeminences thereof, I commend your
grace to God's goodness, resting, &c.

The following Papers, containing the Lord Chan-
cellor ELLESMERE'S Exceptions to Sir ED-
WARD COKE'S Reports, and Sir Edward's An-
swers, having never been printed, though Mr.
STEPHENS, who had copied them from the
Originals, designed to have given them to
the Public, they are subjoined here in justice
to the Memory of that great Lawyer and
Judge ; especially as the Offence taken at his
Reports by king JAMES, is mentioned above
in the Letter of the Lord Chancellor and Sir
ERANCIS BACON, of October 16, 1616, to
that King.

rr< 1 vr 11 -» <r • # From tllC

1 o the KING s most excellent Majesty *. originals.

It may please your most excellent Majesty,

ACCORDING to your majesty's directions signi-
fied unto me by Mr. Solicitor, I called the lord chief
justice before me on Thursday the 17th of this instant,
in the presence of Mr. Attorney and others of your
learned counsel. I did let him know your majesty's
acceptance of the few animadversions, which, upon

Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

review of his own labours, he had sent, though fewer
than you expected, and his excuses other than you ex-
pected, as namely in the prince's case, the want of
the original in French, as though, if the original had
been primogenitus in Latin, then he had not in that
committed any error. I told him farther, that be-
cause his books were many, and the cases therein, as
he saith, 50C), your majesty, out of your gracious fa-
vour was pleased, that his memory should be refresh-
ed ; and that he should be put in mind of some pas-
sages dispersed in his books, which your majesty, be-
ing made acquainted with, doth as yet distaste, until
you hear his explanation and judgment concerning the
same. And that out of many some few should be
selected, and that at this time he should not be press-
ed with more, and these few not to be the special and
principal points of the cases, which were judged, but
things delivered by discourse, and, as it were, by ex-
patiation, which might have been spared and for-
born, without prejudice to the judgment in the prin-
cipal cases.

Of this sort Mr. Attorney and Mr. Solicitor made
choice of five specially, which were read distinctly to
the lord chief justice. He heard them with good at-
tention, and took notes thereof in writing, and, lest there
might be any mistaking either in the declaring thereof
unto him, or in his misconceiving of the same, it was
thought good to deliver unto him a true copy. Upon
consideration whereof, and upon advised deliberation,
he did yesterday in the afternoon return unto me, in
the presence of all your learned counsel, a copy of
the five points before mentioned, and his answer at
large to. the same, which I make bold to present here-
with to your majesty, who can best discern and judge
both of this little which is done, and what may be
expected of the multiplicity of other cases of the like
sort, if they shall be brought to further examination.
All that I have done in this hath been by your majes-
ty's commandment and direction, in presence of all
your learned council, and by<he special assistance and
advice of your attorney and solicitor.

Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon. 399

I know obedience is better than sacrifice ; for
otherwise I would have been an humble suitor to
your majesty to have been spared in all service con-
cerning the lord chief justice. I thank God I forget
not the fifth petition, Dimitte nobis debita noslra sicut,
8fc. but withal I have learned this distinction : there
is, l.Remissio vindictce. 2. Remissio pcena. 3. Remis-
sio judicii. The two first I am past, and have freely
and clearly remitted. But the last, which is of judg-
ment and discretion, I trust I may in Christianity and
with good conscience retain, and not to trust too
far, &c.

I must beseech your majesty's favour to excuse me
for all that I have here before written, but specially
for this last needless passage ; wherein I fear your ma-
jesty will note me to play the divine, without learning,
and out of season. So with my continual prayers to
God to preserve your majesty with long, healthful,
and happy life, and all earthly and heavenly felicity,
I rest

Your Majesty's humble

At York-house, 22

Oct. 1616. and faithful subject and-servant,

T. ELLESMERE, Cane.

QUESTIONS demanded of the Chief Justice of
the King's Beach by his Majesty's command-
ment.

1. IN the case of the isle of Ely, whether his lord- Lib. 10.
ship thinks that resolution there spoken of to be law ;
That a general taxation upon a town, to pay so much
towards the repair of the sea-banks, is not warranted

to be done by the commissioners of sewers ± but that the
same must be upon every particular person, according
to the quantity of his land, and by number of acres
and perches ; and according to the portion of the
profit, which every one hath there.

2, In Darcy's case, whether his lordship's judgment Llb> u

400 Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

be as he reporteth it to be resolved ; that the dispen-
sation or licence of queen Elizabeth to Darcy to have
the sole importation of cards, notwithstanding the sta-
tute, 3 E. 4, is against law.

3. In Godfrey's case, what he means by this pas-
sage, Some courts cannot imprison, fine, or amerce,
as ecclesiastical courts before the ordinary archdeacon,
&c. or other commissioners, and such like, which pro-
ceed according to the canon or civil law.

Lib. s. 4. In Dr. Bonham's case, what he means by this

passage, That in many cases the common law shall
controul acts of parliament, and sometimes shall
judge them to be merely void : For where an act of
parliament is against common right and reason, the
Jaw shall controul it, and adjudge it void.

Lib 1]0 5. In Bagges's case, to explain himself where he
saith, That to the court of King's Bench belongs
authority, not only to correct errors in judicial pro-
ceedings, but other errors and misdemeanors extra-
judicial, tending to the breach of peace, oppression
of subjects, or to the raising of faction, controversies,
debate, or to any manner of misgovernment. So no
wrong or injury can be done, but, that this shall be
reformed or punished by due course of law.

T received these questions the 17th of this instant
October, being Thursday ; and this 2 1st day
of the same month I made these answers fol-
lowing :

The humble and direct Answer to the Questions
upon the Case of the Isle of Ely.

The words JHE statute of the 23 H. VIII. cap. 5, prescribeth

of the sta- . . . r , fT . .

tme23 H. the commission of sewers to be according to the man-
8,thecom- ner form, tenure, and effect hereafter ensuing, namely,

mission of / . , ' , . c 0 v i , i J

sewers. to inquire by the oath or men, &c. who hath any
lands or tenements, or common of pasture, or hath, or
may have, any loss, &c. and all these persons to tax,
distrain, and punish, &c. after the quantity of lands,
tenements, and rents, by the number of acres and

Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon. 401

4

perches, after the rate of every person's portion or
profit, or after the quantity of common of pasture, or
common of fishing, or other commodity there, by such
ways and means, and in such manner and form, as to
you, or six of you, shall seem most convenient. The taxa-

The commissioners of sewers within the isle of^^he
Ely did tax Fendrayton, Samsey, and other towns ge- sioners.
nerally, namely, one intire sum upon the town of
Fendrayton, another upon Samsey, &c. The lords of
the council wrote to myself, the chief justice of the
Common Pleas, and unto justice Daniel and justice
Foster,, to certify our opinions, whether such a ge-
neral taxation were good in Jaw. Another question
was also referred to us, whereof no question is now
made ; and as to this question we certified, and so I
have reported as followeth,That the taxation ought to ThereP°r<*
have these qualities, 1. It ought to be according to
the quantity of lands, tenements, and rents, and by
number of acres and perches. 2. According to the
rate of every person's portion, tenure, or profit, or of
the quantity of common of pasture, fishing, or other
commodity, wherein we erred not, for they be the
very words and text of the law, and of the commis-
sion. Therefore we concluded, that the said taxa-
tion of an intire sum in gross upon a town is not war-
ranted by their commission, &c. And being de-
manded by your majesty's commandment, whether I
do. think, the said resolution concerning the said ge-
neral taxation to be law., I could have wished, that I
could have heard council learned again on both sides,
as land the other judges did, when we resolved this
point ; and now being seven years past since the said
resolution, and by all this time I never hearing any
objection against it, I have considered of this case, as
seriously as I could within this short time, and with-
out conference with any ; and mine humble answer
is, That for any thing that I can conceive to the con-
trary, I remain still of my former opinion, and have,
as.I take it, the express text and meaning of the law
to warrant mine opinion. Seeing that one town is of
greater value, and subject to more danger, than anq-

VOL. \i. i) D

Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

ther, the general taxation of a town cannot, as I ake
it, be just, unless the particular lands, &c. andtloss
be known, for the total must rise upon the particu-
lars ; and if the particulars be known, then may the
taxations be in particular, as it ought, as I take it to
be according to the express words of the act and
commission.

3p The makers of the act did thereby provide, That
every man should be equally charged, according to his
benefit or loss; but if the general taxations should be
good, then might the intire tax set upon the town be
levied of any one man or some few men of that town ;
which should be unequal, and against the express
words of the act and commission ; and if it should be
in the power of their officer to levy the whole taxa-
tion upon whom he will, it would be a means of much
corruption and inconvenience; all which the makers
of the act did wisely foresee by the express words of
the act.

4. If the taxation be in particular, according to the
number of acres, &c. which may easily be known, it
may, as I take it, be easily done.

5. It was not only the resolution of the said three
judges, but it hath been ruled and adjudged by divers
other judges in other rates accordingly.

All which notwithstanding I most humbly sub-
mit myself herein to your majesty's princely
censure and judgment.

EDW. COKE.

The humble and direct Answer to the Questions
upon D'ARCY'S Case.

THE statute of 3 of E. 4. cap. 4. at the humble
The case. petjt-on of ^Q card-makers, &c. within England,
prohibiteth, amongst other things, the bringing into
the realm of all foreign playing cards upon certain pe-
nalties. Queen Elizabeth, in the fortieth year of her
reign, granted to Sir Ed. D'Arcy, his executors, de-
puties and assigns,' for twenty-one years, to have the
sole making of playing cards within the realm, and

Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

the sole importation of foreign playing cards ; and that
no other should either make any such cards, within
the realm, or import any foreign cards, but only the
said Sir Ed. D'Arcy, hi's executors, deputies, and as-
signs, notwithstanding the said act.

The point concerning the sole making of cards
within the realm is not questioned : the only question
now is concerning the sole importation.

It was resolved, that the dispensation or licence to
have the sole importation or merchandizing of cards, port, con.
without any limitation or stint, is utterly against the th^cuLe

law. of the sole

And your majesty's commandment having been
signified to me, to know, whether my judgment be,
as I report it to be resolved, in most humble manner
I offer this answer to your majesty ; That I am of opi-
nion, that without all question the late queen by her
prerogative might, as your majesty may, grant licence
to any man to import any quantity of the said manu-
facture whatsoever, with a non obstante ot the said sta-
tute: and for proof thereof I have cited about fifteen
book-cases in my report of this case. And the first of
those book-cases is the 2 H. 7. fol. 6. by the which
it appeareth, that if a penal statute should add a
clause, That the king should not grant any dispensa-
tion thereof, non obstante the statute; yet the king,
notwithstanding that clause of restraint, might grant
dispensations at his pleasure with a non obstante there-
of. Therefore seeing this royal prerogative and
power to grant dispensations to penal laws is so in-
cident and inseparable to the crown, as a clause in an
act of parliament cannot restrain it, J am of opinion,
that when the late queen granted to Sir Ed. D'Arcy
to have the sole importation of this manufacture with-
out limitation, and that no other should import any of
the same during 21 years, that the same was not of
force either against the late queen, or is of force
against your majesty : for, if the said grant were of
force, then could not the late queen or your majesty,
during the said term, grant any dispensation of this

D D 2

404 Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

statute concerning this manufacture to any other for
any cause whatsoever ; which is utterly against your
majesty's inseparable prerogative, and consequently
utterly void ; which falleth not out where the licence
hath a certain limitation of quantity or stint ; for there
the crown is not restrained to grant any other licence.
And therefore where it was resolved by Popham chief
justice, and the court of King's Bench, before I was
a judge, That the said dispensation or licence to have
the sole importation and merchandizing of cards with-
out any limitation or stint, should be void, I am of
the same opinion ; for that it is neither against your ma-
jesty's prerogative, nor power in granting of such
dispensations ; but tendeth to the maintenance of
your majesty's prerogative royal, and may, if it stand
with your majesty's pleasure, be so explained.

Wherein in all humbleness I submit myself to
your majesty's princely censure and judgment.

EDW. COKE.

of uicre The humble and direct Answer to the Question
por(* rising upon GODFREY'S Case.

SOME courts cannot imprison, fine, nor amerce,
as ecclesiastical courts holden before the ordinary,
archdeacon, or their commissaries and such like,
which proceed according to the common or civil law.

And being commanded to explain what I meant
by this passage, I answer, that I intended only those
ecclesiastical courts there named and such like, that
is, such like ecclesiastical courts, as peculiars, &c.

And within these words, (And such like) I never
did nor could intend thereby the high commission ;
for that ?s grounded upon an act of parliament, and
the king's letters patents under the great seal. There-
fore these words commissaries and such like cannot be
extended to the high commission, but, as I have said,
to inferior ecclesiastical courts.

Neither did I thereby intend the court of the ad-
miralty j for that is not a like court to the courts be-

Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon. 405

fore named ; for those be ecclesiastical courts, and
this is temporal. But I referred the reader to the case
in Brooks's abridgment, pla. 77, where it is that, if
the admiral, who proceeded by the civil law, hold
plea of any thing done upon the land, that it is void
and coram nonjudice; and that an action of transgres-
sions in that case doth lie, as by the said case it ap-
peareth. And therefore that in that case he can nei-
ther fine nor imprison. And therewith agree divers
acts of parliament; and so it may be explained, as it
was truly intended.

All which I most humbly submit to your ma*
jesty's princely judgment.

EDW. COKE.

The humble and direct Answer to the fourth
Question arising out of Dr. BONHAM'S Case.

IN this case I am required to deliver what I mean
by this passage therein, That in many cases the com-
mon law shall control acts of parliament ; and some-
times shall adjudge them to be merely void; for where
an act of parliament is against common right and
reason, the common law shall control it, and adjudge
it to be void.

The words of my report do not import any new
opinion, but only a relation of such authorities of law,
as had been adjudged and resolved in antient and
former times, and were cited in the argument of Bon-
ham's case ; and therefore the words of my book are
these, " It appeareth in our books, that in many
cases the common law shall control acts of parlia- The words
ment, and sometimes shall adjudge them to be ut- °^e
terly void ; for when an act of parliament is against
common right and reason, or repugnant or impossible
to be performed, the common law shall control this,
and adjudge such act to be void. And' therefore in
8 E. 3. 30, Thomas Tregor's case, upon the statute of
West. 2. cap. 38, et artic. super cart. cap. 9, Herle saith*
Some statutes are made against law and right, which

406 Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

they, that made them, perceiving, would not put
them in execution.

The statute of H. II. cap. 21, gives a writ of Ces-
savit haredi petenti super hceredem tenent et super eos,
quibus aliejiatumfuerit hujusmodi tenementum. And yet
it is adjudged in 33 E. 3, tit. cessavit 42, where the
case was, Two co-partners, lords and tenant by fealty
and certain rent ; the one co-partner hath issue, and
dieth, the aunt and the niece shall not join in a ces-
savit, because that the heir shall not have a cessavit,
for the cessor in his ancestor's time. Fitz. N. B. 209,
F. and herewith accords Plow.com. 110. And the
reason is, because that in a cessavit, the tenant, be-
fore judgment, may render the arrearages and da-
mages, &c. and retain his land : and this he cannot
do, when the heir bringeth a cessavit for the cessor in
the time of his ancestor; for the arrearages incurred
in the life of his ancestor do not belong to the heir.

And because that this is against common right and
reason, the common law adjudges the said act of par-
liament as to this point void. The statute of Carlisle
made anno 35 E.I. enacteth, That the order of the
Cistertians and Augustins have a convent and common
seal ; that the common seal shall be in the custody of
the prior, which is under the Abbot, and four others
of the discreetest of the house ; and that any deed
sealed with the common seal, that is not so kept, shall
be void. And the opinion in the 27 H. 6. tit. Annu-
ity 41, was, that this statute is void ; for the words of
the book are, it is impertinent to be observed for the
seal being in their custody, the Abbot cannot seal any
thing with it ; and when it is in the hands of the Ab-
bot, it is out of their custody ipso facto. And if the
statute should be observed, every common seal might
be defeated by a simple surmise, which cannot be.
Note, reader, the words of the said statute made at Car-
lisle, anno 35 E. 1. which is called Statutum Religio-
sorum, are these : Et insurer ordinavit do minus rex et
$tatuit, quod abbates Cistercienses 8f Pramonstratemes
ordinum religio sorum, Sfc. de cetero habeant sig ilium
commune* et illud in custodia prior is monasterii seu do-

Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon. 407

mus et quatuor de digniorlbus et discretioribus ejus-
dern loci conventus sub privalo sigillo abbatis ipsius loci
custod. deponcnd. Et si forsan aliqua scripta obliga-
tionum, donationum, emptionum, vcnditionum, aliena-
tionum, sen aliorum quorumcunque contractuum alia
sigillo quam tali sigillo communi sicut pr<emitti-
tur cnstodit) inveniatur amodo, sigillata pro nullo pe-
nitus habeantur, omnique careantftrmitate. So the sta-
tute of 1 E. 6. cap. 14, gives chanteries, &c. to the king,
saving to the donor, &c. all such rents, services, &c.
and the common law controls this, and adjudges it
void as to the services ; and the donor shall have the
rent as a rent-seek to distrain of common right ; for
it should be against common right and reason, that
the king should hold of any, or do suit to any of his
subjects, 14 Eliz. Dyer, 313. And so it was adjudged
Mich. 16 and 17 Eliz. in the common place inStroud's
case. So if any act of parliament give to any to hold,
or to have connusance of all manner of pleas before
him arising within his manor of D. yet he shall hold
no plea, whereunto himself is a party, for Iniquumest
aliquem su<z ret esse judicem.

Which cases being cited in the argument of this
case, and I finding them truly vouched, I reported
them in this case, as my part was, and had no other
meaning than so far as those particular cases there
cited do extend unto. And therefore the beginning
is, It appeareth in our books, &c. And so it may be
explained, as it was truly intended.

In all which I most humbly submit myself to your
majesty's princely censure andjudgment.

. COKE.

The humble and direct Answer to the last Ques-
tion arising upon BAGG'S Case.

IT was resolved, that to this court of the King's
Bench belongeth authority not only to correct errors P°ru
in judicial proceedings, but other errors and misde-

408 Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

meanors tending to the breach of the peace, or op-
pression of the subjects, or to the raising of faction or
other misgovernment : so that no wrong or injury ei-
ther public or private can be done, but it shall be re-
formed and punished by law.

Being commanded to explain myself concerning
these words, and principally concerning this word,
misgovernment ;

I answer, that the subject matter of that case con*
cerned the misgovernment of the mayors and other
the magistrates of Plymouth.

And I intended for the persons the misgovernment
of such inferior magistrates for the matters in commit-
ting wrong or injury, either public or private, punish-
able by Jaw, and therefore the last clause was added,
" and so no wrong or injury, either public or private,
<e can be done, but it shall be reformed and punished
" by law ;" and the rule is verba intelligenda sunt se-
cundum subjectam materiam.

And that they and other corporations might know,
that factions and other misgovernments amongst
them, either by oppression, bribery, unjust disfran-
chisements, or other wrong or injury, public or pri-
vate, are to be redressed and punished by law, it was
so reported.

But if any scruple remains to clear it, these words
may be added by inferior magistrates ; and so the
sense shall be by faction or misgovernment of inferior
magistrates, so as no wrong or injury, &c.

All which I most humbly submit to your majes-
ty's princely judgment.

EDW. COKE.

May it please your Lordship,

ABOVE a year past, in my late lord Chancellor's
time, information was given to his majesty, that I hav-
ing published in eleven works or books of reports,
containing above 600 cases one with another, had
written many things against his majesty's prerogative.

Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon. 409

And I being by his majesty's gracious favour called
thereunto, all the exceptions, that could be taken to
so many cases in so many books, fell to five, and the
most of them too were by passages in general words ;
all which I offered to explain in such sort, as no sha-
dow should remain against his majesty's prerogative,
as in truth there did not ; which whether it were re-
lated to his majesty, I know not. But thereupon
the matter hath slept all this time ; and now the mat-
ter, after this ever blessed marriage, is revived, and
two judges are called by my lord keeper to the
former, that were named. My humble suit to your
lordship is, that if his majesty shall not be satisfied
with my former offer, viz. by advice of the judges to
explain and publish as is aforesaid those five points,
so as no shadow may remain against his prerogative ;
that then all the judges of England may be called here-
unto. 2. That they may certify also what cases I have pub.-
lished for his majesty's prerogative and benefit, for the
good of the church, andquietingof mens inheritances,
and good of the common-wealth ; for which purpose
I have drawn a minute of a letter to the judges, which
I assure myself your lordship will judge reasonable ;
and so reposing myself upon your lordship's protec-
tion I shall ever remain

Your most bounden servant, There iY

no date to

EDW. COKE, this letter,
but I con-

Superscribed, ceivc il .

written in

To the right honourable his singular good lord the earl of ^^^
Buckingham, of his majesty' s privy council. ber, iei7,

Nolt by

Mr. Ste-
phens*

The Letter to the JUDGES.

WHEREAS in the time of the late lord chancel-
lor intimation was given unto us, that divers cases
were published in Sir Edward Coke's reports, tending
to the prejudice of our prerogative royal ; whereupon

410 Letters, etc. of Lord Chancellor Bacon.

we caring for nothing more, as by our kingly office
we arebounden, than the preservation of prerogative
royal, referred the same ; and thereupon, as we are
informed, the said Sir Edward Coke being called
thereunto, the objections were reduced to five only,
and most of them consisting in general terms ; all
which Sir Edward offered, as we are informed, to ex-
plain and publish, so as no shadow might remain
against our prerogative. And whereas of late two
other judges are called to the others formerly named.
Now our pleasure and intention being to be informed
of the whole truth, and that right be done to all, do
think it fit, that all the judges of England, and barons
of the Exchequer, who have principal care of our pre-
rogative and benefit, do assemble together concerning
the discussing of that, which, as is aforesaid, was for-
merly referred ; and also what cases Sir Edward Coke
hath published to the maintenance of our prerogative
and benefit, for the safety and increase of the revenues
of the church, and for the quieting of mens inherit-
ances, and the general good of the commonwealth: in
all which we require your advice and careful consi-
derations; and that before you make any certificate
to us, you confer with the said Sir Edward, so as all
things may be the better cleared.

To all the judges of England, and barons of the Ex-
chequer.

THE

LAST WILL

FRANCIS BACON, VISCOUNT ST. ALBAN.

•T IRST, I bequeath my soul and body into the hands
of God by the blessed oblation of my Saviour ; the one
at the time of my dissolution, the other at the time of
my resurrection. For my burial, I desire it may be in extract.
St. Michael's church, near St. Alban's: there was my
mother buried, and it is the parish church of my man-
sion-house of Gorhambury, and it is the only Christian
church within the walls of Old Verulam. I would
have the charge of my funeral not to exceed three hun-
dred pounds at the most.

For my name and memory, I leave it to mens cha-
ritable speeches, and to foreign nations, and the next
ages. But, as to that durable part of my memory,
which consisteth in my works and writings, I desire
my executors, and especially Sir John Constable and
my very good friend Mr. Bosvile, to take care that of all
my writings, both of English and of Latin, there may
be books fair bound, and placed in the king's library,
and in the library of the university of Cambridge, and in
the library of Trinity College, where myself was bred,
and in the library or Bennet College, where my father
was bred, and in the library of the university of Ox-
onford, and in the library of my lord of Canterbury,
and in the library of Eaton.

Also, whereas I have made up two register-books,
the one of my orations or speeches, the other of my
epistles or letters, whereof there may be use ; and yet
because they touch upon business of state, they are not
iit to be put into the hands but of some counsellor, I

412 The Last Will of Francis, Viscount St. Alban.

do devise and bequeath them to the right honourable
my very good lord bishop of Lincoln, and the chan-
cellor of his majesty's duchy of Lancaster. Also, I
desire my executors, especially my brother Consta-
ble, and also Mr. Bosvile, presently after my decease,
to take into their hands all my papers whatsoever,
which are either in cabinets, boxes, or presses, and
them to seal up until they may at their leisure peruse
them.

I give and bequeath unto the poor of the parishes
where I have at any time rested in my pilgrimage,
some little relief according to my poor means: to the
poor of St Martin in the Fields, where J was born,
and lived in my first and last days, forty pounds ; to
the poor of St. Michael's near St. Alban 's, where I
desire to be buried, because the day of death is better
than the day of birth, fifty pounds ; to the poor of St.
Andrew's, in Holborn, in respect of my long abode in
Gray's-Inn, thirty pounds; to the poor of the abbey
church parish in St. Alban's, twenty pounds; to the
poor of St. Peter's there, twenty pounds; to the poor
of St. Stephen's there, twenty pounds; to the poor of
Redborn, twenty pounds; to the poor of Hemstead,
where I heard sermons and prayers to my comfort in
the time of the former great plague, twenty pounds ;
to the poor of Twickenham, v/here I Jived some time
at Twickenham Park, twenty pounds. I intreat Mr.
Shute, of Lombard Street, to preach my funeral ser-
mon, and to him in that respect I give twenty pounds ;
or if he cannot be had, Mr. Peterson, my late chap-
lain, or his brother.

Devises and legacies to my wife : I give, grant,
and confirm to my loving wife, by this my last will,
whatsoever hath been assured to her, or mentioned or
intended to be assured to her by any former deed, be it
cither my lands in Hertfordshire, or the farm of the
seal, or the gift of goods, in accomplishment of my
covenants of marriage; and I give her also the ordi-
nary stuff at Gorhambury, as wainscot tables, stools,
bedding, and the like (always reserving and except-?
ing the rich hangings with their covers, the table-car-

The Last Will of Francis, Viscount St. Alb an. 41$

pets, and the long cushions, and all other stuff which
was or is used in the long gallery ; and also a rich
chair, which was my niece Caesar's gift, and also the
armour, and also all tables of marble and towch). I
give also to my wife my four coach geldings, and my
best caroache, and her own coach mares and caroache :
I give also and grant to my wife the one-half of the
rent which was reserved upon Read's lease for her life ;
which rent although I intended to her merely for
her better maintenance while she lived at her own
charge, and not to continue after my death; yet because
she has begun to receive it, I am content to continue it
to her ; and I conceive by this advancement, which first
and last I have left her, besides her own inheritance, I
have made her of competent abilities to maintain the
estate of a viscountess, and give sufficient tokens of
my love and liberality towards her; for I do reckon,
and that with the least, that Gorhambury and
my lands in Hertfordshire, will be worth unto her
seven hundred pounds per annum > besides woodfells,
and the leases of the houses, whereof five hundred
pounds per annum only I was tied unto by covenants
upon marriage ; so as the two hundred pounds and
better was mere benevolence ; the six hundred pounds
per annum upon the farm of the writs, was likewise
mere benevolence ; her own inheritance also, with
that she purchased with part of her portion, is two
hundred pounds per annum and better, besides the
wealth she hath in jewels, plate, or otherwise, where-
in I was never strait-handed. All which T here set
down, not because I think it too much, but because
others may not think it less than it is.

Legacies to my friends : I give unto the right ho-
nourable my worthy friend the marquis Fiatt, late lord
ambassador of France, my books of orizons or psalms
curiously rhymed ; I give unto the right honourable
my noble friend Edward earl of Dorset, my ring, with
the crushed diamond, which the king that now is
gave me when he was prince ; I give unto my right
honourable friend the lord Cavendish, my casting-
bottle of gold 3 I give to my brother Constable, all

4 1 4 The Last Will of Francis, Viscount St. AWan.

my books, and one hundred pounds to be presented to
him in gold ; I give to my sister Constable, some
jewels, to be bought for her, of the value of fifty
pounds ; I give to Nail, her daughter, some jew-
els, to be bought for her, of the value of forty
.pounds; I give to my lady Cooke, some jewels to be
bought for her, of the value of fifty pounds ; and to
her daughter, Ann Cooke, to buy her a jewel, forty
pounds; and to her son, Charles, some little jewel, to
the value of thirty pounds. I will also, that my exe-
cutor sell my chambers in Gray's-Inn, which, now
the lease is full, I conceive may yield some three hun-
dred pounds : one hundred pounds for the ground
story, and two hundred pounds for the third and
fourth stories 3 which money, or whatsoever it be, I
desire my executors to bestow for some little present
relief, upon twenty-five poor scholars in both universi-
ties : fifteen in Cambridge, and ten in Oxonford. I
give to Mr. Thomas Meautys, some jewel, to be
bought for him, of the value of fifty pounds, and my
foot-cloth horse. I give to my antient good friend, Sir
Tobie Matthew, some ring, to be bought for him, of the
value of thirty pounds. I give to my very good
friend, Sir Christopher Darcy, some ring, to be bought
for him, of the value of thirty pounds. I give to Mr.
Henry Percy, one hundred pounds. I give to Mr.
Henry Goodricke, forty pounds. I give to my god-
son, Francis Lowe, son of Humphry Lowe, one hun-
dred and fifty pounds. I give to my godson, Francis
Hatcher, son of Mr. William Hatcher, one hundred
pounds. I give to my godson, Francis Fleetwood,
son of Henry Fleetwood, Esq. fifty pounds. I give to
my godson, Philips, son of auditor Philips, twenty
pounds. I give to every of my executors, a piece of
plate of thirty pounds value.

Legacies to my servants now, or late servants : I,
give to my servant, Robert Halpeny, four hundred
pounds, and the one-half of my provisions of hay, fire-
wood, and timber, which shall remain at the time of
my decease. I give to my servant, Stephen Paise, three
hundred and fifty pounds, and my bed with the appurte-

The Last Will of Francis, Viscount St. Alban. 4 1 5

nances, bed-linen, and apparel-linen, as shirts, pillow-
biers, sheets, caps, handkerchiefs, etc. I give to my
servant, Wood, three hundred and thirty pounds,
with all my apparel, as doublets, hose ; and to his wife,
ten pounds. I give to my late servant, Francis Ed-
ney, two hundred pounds and my rich gown. I give
to my antient servant, Troughton, one hundred
pounds. I give to my chaplain, Dr. Rawleigh, one
hundred pounds. I give to my antient servant, Wel-
les, one hundred pounds. I give to my antient ser-
vant, Fletcher, one hundred pounds ; and to his bro-
ther ten pounds : and if my servant, Fletcher, be
dead, then the whole to his brother. I give to my
wife's late waiting-gentlewoman, Mrs. Wagstaffe,
one hundred pounds. I give to Morrice Davis, one
hundred pounds. I give to old John Bayes, one hun-
dred pounds. I give to my antient servant, Woder,
three score and ten pounds. I give to my antient
servant, Guilman, three score pounds. I give to my
antient servant, Faldo, forty pounds. I give to Lon-
don, my coachman, forty pounds. I give to Harsnep,
my groom, forty pounds. I give to Abraham, my
footman, forty pounds. I give to Smith, my baylifF,
and his wife, forty pounds. I give to my antient ser-
vant, Bowes, thirty pounds. I give to my servant,
Atkins, thirty pounds. I give to old Thomas Gothe-
rurn, who was bred with me from a child, thirty
pQunds. I give to my servant, Plomer, twenty
pounds. I give to Daty, my cook, twenty pounds.
I give to Henry Brown, twenty pounds. I give to
Richard Smiih, twenty pounds. I give to William
Sayers, ten pounds. I give to John Large, twenty
pounds. I give to old goodwife Smith, ten pounds.
I give to Peter Radford's wife, five pounds. I give
to every mean servant that attends me, and is not al-
ready named, five pounds.

The general devise and bequest of all my lands and
goods to the performance of my will.

Whereas my former assurance made to Sir John
Constable, knight, my brother-in-law, and to Sir
Thomas Crewe and Sir Thomas Hcdley, knights, and

4 1 6 The Last Will of Francis, Viscount St. Alban.

Serjeants at law, and some other persons now de-
ceased, all my lands and tenements in Hertfordshire
were by me conveyed in trust : And whereas of late
my fine, and the whole benefit thereof, was by his ma-
jesty's letters patent conveyed to Mr. Justice Hutton,
Mr. Justice Chamberlain, Sir Francis Barneham, and
Sir Thomas Crewe, knight, persons by me named in
trust; I do devise by this my will, and declare that the
trust by me reposed, as well touching the said lands as
upon the said letters patent, is, that all and every the
said persons so trusted, shall perform all acts and as-
surances that by my executors, or the survivor or sur-
vivors of them, shall be thought fit and required, for
the payment and satisfaction of my debts, and lega-
cies, and performance of my will, having a charitable
care that the poorest either of my creditors or legata-
ries be first satisfied.

I do farther give and devise all my goods, chattels,
and debts due to me whatsoever, as well my pension
of twelve hundred pounds per annum from the king,
for certain years yet to come ; as all my plate, jew-
els, household-stuff, goods and chattels whatsoever,
except such as by this my last will I have especially
bequeathed, to my executors, for the better and more
ready payment of my debts, and performance of my
will.

And because I conceive there will be upon the
moneys raised by sale of my lands, leases, goods and
chattels, a good round surplusage, over and above
that which may serve to satisfy my debts and legacies,
and perform my will, I do devise and declare, that my
executors shall employ the said surplusage in manner
and form following: that is to say, that they purchase
therewith so much land of inheritance, as may erect
and endow two lectures in either the universities ; one
of which lectures shall be of natural philosophy, and
the sciences in general thereunto belonging ; hoping
that the stipends or salaries of the lectures may
amount to two hundred pounds a year for either of
them ; and for the ordering of the said lectures, and
the election of the lecturers from time to time, I

The Last Will of Francis, ViscoKnt St. Alban. * 1 7

leave it to the care of my executors, to be established
by the advice of the lords bishops of Lincoln and Co*
ventry and Litchfield.

Nevertheless, thus much I do direct, that none
shall be lecturer if he be English, except he be master
of arts of seven years standing, and that he be not
professed in divinity, law, or physic, as long as he re-
mains lecturer; and that it be without difference
whether [he] be a stranger or English : and I wish
my executors to consider of the precedent of Sir
Henry Savil's lectures, for their better instruction.

I constitute and appoint for my executors of this
my last will and testament, my approved good friend
the right honourable Sir Humphrey Maye, chancellor
of his majesty's duchy of Lancaster, Mr. Justice Hut-
ton, Sir Thomas Crewe, Sir Francis Barneham, Sir
John Constable, and Sir EuballThelwall ;and I name
and intreat to be one of my supervisors, my most no-
ble, constant, and true friend, the duke of Bucking-
ham, unto whom I do most humbly make this my last
request, that he will reach forth his hand of grace to
assist the just performance of this my will ; and like-
wise that he will be graciously pleased for my sake to
protect and help such of my good servants, as my exe-
cutors shall at any time recommend to his grace's favour :
and also I do desire his grace, in all humbleness, to com-
mend the memory of my long-continued and faithful
service unto my most gracious sovereign, wrho ever
when he was prince was my patron, as I shall, who
have now, I praise God, one foot in heaven, pray for
him while I have breath.

And because of his grace's great business, I pre-
sume also to name for another of my supervisors, my
good friend and near ally the master of the rolls.

And J do most earnestly intreat both my exe-
cutors and supervisors, that although I know well it is
matter of trouble and travail unto them, yet consider-
ing what I have been, that they would vouchsafe to
do this last office to my memory and good name, and
to the discharge of mine honour and conscience j thai

VOL. VI. E E

418 The Last Will of Francis, Viscount St. Alban.

all men may be duly paid their own, that my good
mind by their good care, may effect that good
work.

Whatsoever I have given, granted, confirmed, or
appointed to my wife, in the former part of this my
will, I do now, for just and great causes, utterly re-
voke and make void, and leave her to her right only.

I desire my executors to have special care to dis-
charge a debt by bond, now made in my sickness to
Mr. Thomas Meautys, he discharging me fully to-
wards Sir Robert Dowglass, and to procure Sir Ro-
bert Dowglass his patent to be delivered to him.

FR. ST. ALBAN.

Published the nineteenth day of December, 1625,
in the presence of

W. Rawley, Ro. Halpeny, Stephen Paise,
Will. Atkins, Thomas Kent, Edward Legge.

Decimo tertio die mensis Julii anno Domini milles-
simo sexcentesimo vicesimo septimo emanavit
commissio domino Roberto Rick militi, supreme
curue cancellarite magistror* uni, et Thorns
Meautys armigero, creditoribus honorandi viri
domini Francisci Bacon militis, domini Verulam,
vice-comitis Sancti Albani, defu?ict\ habentibus
etc. ad administrand' bonajura et credita dicti
defuncti Francisci Bacon defunct', juxta tenorem
et effectum ipsius testamenti suprascript\ eo quod
dominus Thomas Crewe miles et dominus Johan*
nes Constable miles, executor es in hujusmodi tes-
tamento nominal alias vigore mandatorj sive oc-
casionum a curia pncrogaC Cantuar' emanaC ad
id legitime et peremptorie citati, onus executionis
testament' suprascripC in se suscipere recusarunt
et dene&arunt, saltern plus juste distiller unt ; eoque
quod dominus Hitmphridus Maye miles, cancel*
larius ducatus Lancastritf, dominus Ricardus
Jiutton miles, units justitiariorum domini nostri

The Last Will of Francis, Viscount St. Alban. 419

regis de banco coram, dominus Euball Thehvall
?nilesy supreme curia cancellaria magistrorum
units, et dominis Franciscus Barnham miles, ex-
ecutores etiam in testamento suprascrip? ncmi-
nat\ ex certis causis eos et amicos suos in ea
jmrte juste move?? oneri executionis testament*
suprascripC expresse renuntiarunt, prout ex actis
curia pradicC pknius liquet et apparet; de bene
et.fidelitur administrando eadem ad sancta Dei
evangelia in debita juris forma jurat\

LINTIIWAITE FARRANT Registrar' deputat' assumpt'.

E E 2

INDEX

TO THE

ENGLISH PART,

COMPRISED IN

THE SIX FIRST VOLUMES.

77te Marks I, ii. iii iv. v. vi. denote the Volwnes, and the Figures

the Pages.

BATOR, who is so called, iv. 99, how and when he may be-
come lawful owner of another's lands, ibid.

Abbot, George, archbishop of Canterbury, vi. 92, 113, 117

Abecedarium natures , ii. 15

Abettor, several ways of becoming so, iv. 389

Abilities, natural, like plants, want pruning, ii, 37 £

Abjuration, in what cases a man shall be obliged to abjure the realm,
vi. 300, several cases thereof, with the proceedings relating to
them, iv. 300, 301

Absolution, whether that in our liturgy is not improper, ii. 537, is of
two sorts only, ii. 539

Absque Impetitione vasti, the sense and meaning of this clause cleared
up, and stated by the words themselves, by reason, by authorities,
. by removing contrary authorities, by practice, iv. 226 to 232, it
gives no grant of property, iv. 227, how this clause came first to
be used, iv. 228

Academics, acknowledged by all sects to be the best, ii. 233

Acceleration of time in works of nature, i. 355, in clarification of
liquor, ibid, in several maturations, i. 353, as of fruits, ibid, of
drinks, ibid, of metals, i. 361. Acceleration of putrefaction, i.
3(54. Acceleration of birth, 372, of growth or stature, ibid, three
means of it, 372, 373. Acceleration of germination, i. 391, by
three means, namely, mending the nourishment, i. 3S^3, comfort-
ing the spirits of the plant, ibid, making way for the easy coming
to the nourishment, ibid. Several pregnant instances thereof^
i. 39 i, et seq. Acceleration of clarification in wine, i. 5 1 8

Accessary, how one man may become so to the act of another done
by his order iv. 57

Aches in mens bodies foreshew rain and frost, ii. 108

Acquests, new ones, more burden than strength, v. 79

Act, not to be confounded with the execution of the act, nor the in-
tire act with the last part of it, instances, iv. [ 3

Act of parliament, a rule to be observed where that is donor, iv. 191,
192, five acts relating to the distinction of the body natural and po-

IN DEX.

litic of the king explained, iv. 351, et seq. of 1 Jac. I. relating to

the punishment of witchcraft, iv. 3S<5

Acting in song graceful, ii. 34-6

Active men, wherein preferred to virtuoui, ii. 371

Actium, battle of, decided the empire of the world, ii. 329

Administration, how a property in goods, &c. may be gained by

letters thereof, iv. 123, 129, what bishop shall have the power of

granting them in disputable cases, ibid, two cases in the deaths of

executors and administrators where the ordinary shall administer,

iv. 130

Administrators, their office and authority in some particulars, iv. J30,
in what cases the ordinary is to commit administration, ibid, they
must execute their authority jointly, ibid, may retain, ibid.

Admiralty, how to be ordered after the union, iii. 284

Adrian VI. ii 427 *

Adrian the emperor, ii.441, mortally envied in others the qualities
he excelled in, ii. 270, instances of his misplaced bounty and ex-
pence, iv. 376
Adversity, ii. 262, resembles miracles in its command over nature,
ibid, fortitude its proper virtue, ibid
Advice, how to be given and taken, ii. 371
Advice to Sir George Villiers, iii. 429

Vide Villiers.

Advocates, ii. 384-, surprising that their confidence should prevail

with judges, ibid, what is due to and from them, ibid

Advowsons, cases relating thereto explained, iv. 16, 45,50

-/Egypt hath little rain, i. 511. ./Egyptian conserving bodies, i. 513.

their mummies, ibid.

Eneas Sylvius, his remark on the conduct of the popes and lawyers,

ii. 432, says, that had not Christianity been supported by miracles,

it ought to be received for its honesty, ii. 433

Equinoctial more tolerable for heat than the torrid zone, i. 388, three

causes thereof, i. 389.

Esop, his fable of the frogs in a great drought, ii. 236, of the cat and

the fox, ii. 238, of the fainting man and death, ii. 210

Ethiopes, fleshy and plump, why, i. 399

Etites, or eagle-stone, i. 312

Etna compensated! the adjacent countries for the damages it doth,

i. 446

Etna and Vesuvius, why they shoot forth no water, i. 5 1 9

Affectation of tyranny over men's understandings and beliefs, ii. 78
Affections of beasts impressed upon inanimate things, ii. 69, three
affections which tie subjects to sovereigns, v. 190, no heat of affec-
tion without idleness iii. 499
Affidavits in chancery, in what cases not to be allowed, iv. 521
Africa, why so fruitful of monsters, i. 410, the people there never
stir out after the first showers, ii. 2, 35
AyaTn?, is always rightly translated charity in the Rhemish version,

ii. 539

Agaric works most on phlegm, i. 433, a spungy excrescence on the

roots of trees, ibid, 450, 459, a putrefaction, i. 480

Agathocles ii. 413

INDEX.

Age. See Youth.

Age of discretion, at what time allowed to be by our law, v. 414
Age, its excellency in four things, ii. 423, its inconveniencies and dif-
ficulties with regard to action, ii. 355, 356
Agesilaus, ii. 414
Agrippa raised by Augustus, ii. 316
Agues cured by applications to the wrist, i. 289, proceed mostly
from obstruction of the humours, i. 366
Aid, a certain sum of money so called, its uses, . iv. 104
Air turned into water, i. 254, by four several ways, i. 255, 256, in-
stances tending thereto,!. 280, converted into a dense body, a rarity
in nature, i. 255,256, increases in weight, and yields nourishment,
i. 257, hath an antipathy with tangible bodies, i. 281, converted into
•water by repercussion from hard bodies, ibid. Air turned into
water by the same means that ice, i. 282, meddles little with the
moisture of oil, i. 286, elision of air a term of ignorance, i. 303.
Air condensed into weight, i. 257, 503. Air pent the cause of
sounds, i. 300, 301, 302, eruptions thereof cause sounds, i. 300.
Air not always necessary to sounds, i. 301, thickness of the Air
in night, contributes to the increasing and our better hearing of
sounds, than in the day, as well as the general silence, i. 309. Air
excluded in some bodies, prohibiteth putrefaction, i. 367, in some
causeth it, i. 369, the causes of each, ibid. Air compressed and
blown, prohibiteth putrefaction, i. 370, congealing of Air, i. 376.
Airs wholesome, how found out, i. 516, 517, the putrefaction of
Air to be discerned aforehand, ii. 2, 3. Airs good to recover
consumptions, ii. 54. Air healthful within doors, how procured,

ii. 55

Air and fire foreshew winds, ii. 6

Air, the causes of heat and cold in it, ii. 30, hath some degree of light
in it, ibid.

Air poisoned by art, ii. 50, why the middle region of it coldest, ii. 241
Albert Durer, ii. 357

Alchemy, 3ome remarks upon it, v. 312

Alchemists censured, i. 362

Alcibiades, his advice to Pericles about giving in his accounts, ii. 449,
beautiful, . ii. 357

Alexander, why his body sweet, i. 247

Alexander's body preserved till Caesar Augustus's time, i. 514, his
character of Antipater, ii. 439, of Hephaestion and Craterus, ibid,
censured by Augustus, ii. 441, by Parmenio, ii. 442, contemned by
Diogenes, ii. 446, would run with kings when advised by Philip
to the Olympic games, ii. 452, his saying to Callisthenesupon his
two orations on the Macedonians, iv. 364> a smart reply of his to
Parmenio, iii.291

Alexander VI. sends the bishop of Concordia to mediate between the
kings of England and France, v. 76, thanks Henry VII. for enter-
ing into a league in defence of Italy, v. 1 41
Alga marina applied to roots of plants furthers their growth, i. 403
Alien, enemy, how considered by our laws, iv. 326; 327. Alien
friend, how considered, ibid. Littleton's definition of an Alien,
iv. 346, how the several degrees of Aliens are considered by our
laws, lii, 265 , 272, 273

INDEX.

Alienation office, history of it, iv^ 132, the reason of its name, with
its uses, iv. 105, 133, the parts of each officer therein, iv. 141,
how its profits might increase without damage to the subject,

iv. 154, 155, 156

Aliments changed, good, i. 277

Alkermes, ii. 67

AHegiance, does not follow the law or kingdom, but the person of the

king, iv. 330,332, 346, 347, is due to sovereigns by the, law

of nature, iv. 325, 326, statutes explained relating thereto, iv. 331,

332, is more ancient than any laws, iv. 347, continueth after

laws, ibid, is in vigour even where laws are suspended, ibid, must

be independent, and not conditional, iv. 427, oath of it altered

with disputes following thereupon between the reformed and

papists. v. 308

Allen cardinal, is mentioned for the popeciom, 398, a stage actor of

the same name, with an epigram upon him, v. 505

Alleys close gravelled, what they bring forth, i. 43i

Almonds, how used in clarifying the Nile water, i. 512

AlonsoCartilio, his pleasant speech concerning his servants, ii. 423

Alphonso Petrucci, his plot against the life of pope Leo, v. 60.

Alphonso duke of Calabria, eldest son to the king of Naples, has

the order of the garter from Henry VII. v. 91 .

Alterations of bodies, ii. 13.

Alteratives in medicine, i. 277.

Altering the colours of hairs and feathers, i. 287, 288

Altham, baron of the exchequer, a grave and reverend judge, iv. 504

Amalgamation, ii. 204, mixing mercury with other metals in a hot

crucible, ibid.

Amber formed from a soft substance, i. 283, its virtue, ii. 53.

Ambiguitas patens, what is meant thereby in law, iv. 79, how to be

holpen, ibid, latcns, what meant by it, ibid, how to be holpen,

ibid, another sort of it, iv. 80

Ambition, ii. 343, to take a soldier without it, is to pull off his spurs,

ii. 344, the mischiefs of it, ibid, the use of ambitious men, ii. 845

Amendment of the law. See Law.

America, a supposed prophesy of its discovery, ii. 341

Amurath the first, slain, iv. 445

Amurca, what, i. 470

Anabaptists profess the doctrine of deposing kings, iv. 445

Anacharsis, ii. 454

Anarchy in the spirits and humours, when, i. 366.

Anaxagoras condemned to die by the Athenians, ii. 45 1 .

Andes, mountains of, ii. 389

Andrews, bishop, his account of Spalato, ii. 433

Andrews, Dr. Lancelot, bishop of Ely, vi. 189, 233, knew early of

the lord chancellor's being engaged in writing his Novum Or-

ganum, vi. 253

Angelo, Michael, the famous painter, ii. 426

Anger, the impressions and various effects thereof, i. 492, causeth

the eyes to look red, why, ii. 32. Anger not to be extinguished,

only confined, ii. 386, compared by Seneca to ruin, which breaki

INDEX.

itself on what it falls, ii. 337, its great weakness, from the sub-
jects in whom it most reigns, ibid, .remedies of it, iiN388
Animals and plants, that put forth prickles, generally dry, ii. 7O
Animate and inanimate bodies, wherein they differ, i. 41-9
Anne of Denmark, wife of king James I. vi. 145
Anne of Bullen, what she said at her death, ii, 401
Anne, inheritress of the duchy of Britain, intended for Henry VII.
v. 10, but married to Charles VIII. of France, ibid.
Annals, i. 85
Annesley, Sir Francis, secretary of Ireland, vi. 251
Annihilation, not possible in nature, i 293.
Annual herbs may be prolonged by seasonable cutting, i. 141
Annuity given pro cnmilio impenso et impendcndo, is not void, if the
grantee is hindered from giving it by imprisonment, iv. 16
Anointing of birds and beasts, whether it alters their colour, i. 287.
Anointing the body a preservative of health, i. 502. Anointing
of the weapon said to heal, ii. 75
Answers insufficient, how to be punished in chancery, iv. 518, iu
what case they must be direct, iv. 519
Antalcidas the Spartan, ii. 448, rebukes an Athenian, ibid.
Antigonus, ii. 452
Antiochia, its wholsome air, whence, ii, 54
Antipathy and Sympathy, i. 288, of plants, i. 212, et seq. in-
stances of Antipathy 'in other kinds, ii. 65. et seq. Antipathy
between enemies in absence, ii. 72
Antiquities, i. 8O
Antisthenes, ii. 5(>
Antonius, his genius weak before Augustus, ii. 56, ambassadors of
Asia Minor expostulate with him for imposing a double tax, ii. 452,
his character, ii. 274, calls Brutus witch, ii. 316
Ape, its nature, ii. 70, virtue ascribed to the heart of an ape by die
writers of natural magic, ibid.
Apelles, ii. 357
Apollonius of Tyana, ii. 43, the ebbing and flowing of the sea,
what, according to him, ibid, tells Vespasian, that Nero let down
the strings of government too low, or wound them up too high,
ii. 438, 297, tires Vespasian at Alexandria with his insipid specu-
lations, ii.449,, his affectation of retirement, ii. 314
Apophthegms, an appendix of history, ii. 89
Apophthegms, their use, ii. 400
Apothecaries, how they clarify their syrups, i. 247, their pots, how
resembling Socrates, ii. 443
Apothecaries incorporated by patent, vi. 278, and notes (a) and (6}
Appetite, of continuation in liquid bodies, i 253. Appetite of union
in bodies, i. 350. Appetite in the stomach, ii. 9, what qualities
provoke it, ibid
Apple, inclosed in wax for speedy ripening, i., 360, hanged in smoke,
ibid, covered in lime and ashes, ibid, covered with crabs and
onions, ibid. Apple in hay and straw, i. 361, in a close box,
ibid. Apple rolled, ibid. Apple in part cut besmeared with
sack, i. 361. rotten Apples contiguous to sound ones, putrify
them, i. 365

INDEX.

Apple-cions grafted on the stock of a colewort, i. 40 !<, 405

Apple-trees, some of them bring forth a sweet moss, i. 431

Aqua fortis dissolving iron, ii. '205

Aragon, kingdom of, is united with Castile, iii. 303. is at last natura-
lized to prevent any revolts, iii. 304. causes of its revolt, iii. 264
Archbishop of Vienna, his revelation to Lewis XI. ii. 72

Archbishops, how they came in use, ii. 512

Archidamus retorts upon Philip that his shadow was no longer than
before his victory, ii. 443

Architecture, i. 103

Arian heresy, the occasion thereof, ii. 510

Aristander, the soothsayer, ii. 341

Aristippus, his abject behaviour to Dionysius, ii. 439, his luxury,
ii. 443, insulted by the mariners for shewing signs of fear in 'a
tempest, Ji. 447, his censure of those who are attached to parti-
cular sciences, ii. 452.
Aristotle mistakes the reason why the feathers of birds have more
lively colours than the hairs of beasts, i. 246, his precept that wine
be forborn in consumptions, i. 269, his reason why some plants are
of greater age than animals, i. 271, his method of hardening bo-
dies with close pores, i. 284, full of vain glory, ii. 380
Arithmetic, i. 108
Arms, the profession of them necessary to the grandeur of any
state, ii. 327
Army, a project of reinforcing it in Ireland, without any expence,

v. 441

Arraignment of Blunt, Davers, Davis, Merick, and Cuffe, all con-
cerned in Lord Essex's treason; with their confessions, evidences
against them, their defences, and answers thereto, iii. 179

Arrest, in what cases the constable has power to execute it, iv. 313
Arrows, with wooden heads sharpened, pierce wood sooner than
with iron heads, why, i. 487

Arsenic used as a preservative against the plague, ii. 68

Arts, History of, i. 77

Arts of elegance, i. 1 16, intellectual arts, i. 131

Art of war, its progress, improvement, and change, ii. 3-27

Arthur, prince, born, v. 19, married to Catherine, v. 156, v. 162, dies
at Ludlow-castle, v. 163, studious and learned beyond his years
and the custom of princes, ibid

Artichokes, how made less prickly and more dainty, i. 405. Artichoke
only hath doable leaves, one for the stalk, another for the fruit, i. 472
Arundel, lord, some account of him, v. 460

Arundel, Thomas earl of, sworn of the council in Scotland, vi. 155.
wishes lord Viscount St. Alban well, vi. 371

Ashes in a vessel will not admit equal quantity of water, as in the
vessel empty, i. 261. Ashes an excellent compost, i. 446

Asp causeth easy death, i. 461

Assassin, this word derived from the name of a Saracen prince,

iv. 444, 445

Asssassins, ii. 349

Assimilation in bodies inanimate, i. 285, in vegetables, i. 374

Astriction prohibited putrefaction, i. 368, of the nature of cold, ibid

INDEX.

Astringents, a catalogue of them, i. 220, 221 , 2<22

Astronomy, i. 103

Astronomers, some in Italy condemned, v. 466

Atheism, ii. 290, rather in the lip than the heart, ibid, the causes of it,
ii. 291 . Atheists contemplative rare, ibid.

Athens, their manner of executing capital offenders, i. 461, there
wise men propose, and fools dispose, ii. 454, their wars, ii. 328
Athletics, i. 126

Atlantis, New, ii. 79, described, ii. 94, et seq. swallowed up by an
earthquake, as the Egyptian priest told Solon, ii. 386

Atoms, how supported by Democritus, i. 290, 291

Aton, in Scotland, its castle taken by the earl of Surry, v. 1 37

Attainder, cases relating thereto explained, iv. 20, 21, 48, 49, what
sort of them shall give the escheat to the king, iv. 102, etc. and
what to the lord, iv. 108, by judgment, 102, by verdict or con-
fession, iv. 108, by outlawry, ibid, taken often by prayer of
clergy, iv. 109, forfeiteth all the person was possessed of at the
time of the offence, iv. 110, there can be no restitution of blood
after it, but by act of parliament, with other consequences thereof,
iv. Ill, if a person guilty of it shall purchase, it shall be to the
king's use, unless he be pardoned, ibid, cases relating to a person
guilty of it, and his children, iv. 110, 111, the clause of for-
feiture of goods thereby, found in no private act till Edward IV'»
reign. iv. 173

Attainders of the adherents of Henry VIL reversed, v. 14, 15,
Attainders of his enemies, v. 15

Attention without too much labour stilleth the spirits, i. 503

Attorney-general, used not to be a privy-counsellor, iv. 363, did not
then deal in causes between party and party, ibid.

Attraction by simililtude of substance, i. 487, catalogue of attractive
bodies, ii. 35, 36

Atturnement, what it is, iv. 117, must be had to the grant of a re-
version, ibid, in what cases a tenant is obliged to atturne, ibid.
Audacity and confidence, the great effects owing to them, ii. 57

Audibles mingle in the medium, which visibles do not, i. 332, the
cause thereof, ibid, several consents of Audibies and vi.-sibles, i. 341,
342, several dissents of them, i. 34-3, 344, 345. Audibles and
visibles do not destroy or hinder one another, i. 342. Audibles
carried in arcuate lines, visibles in straight ones, i. 343. ii. 55
Audley, lord, heads the Cornish rebels, v. 130, his character, = ibid,
taken, v. 135, beheaded on Tower-hill, ibid.

Avernus, lake of, ii. 5 1

Augustus Caesar, ii. 413, his wonder at Alexander, ii. 441, indignation
against his posterity calling them imposthumes, and not seed,
ii. 449, 450, died in a compliment, ii. 256, his attachment to
Agrippa, ii. 316, of a reposed nature from his youth, ii. 355, com-
mended as a great lawgiver, iv. 5, 378,
Aviaries, which recommended, ii. 369
Auterlony's books of 2001. land in charge in fee-simple, stayed at
the seal, and why, v. 503
Authority strengtheneth imagination, ii. 61, its power and influence,
- ibid, followeth old men, and popularity youth, ii. 356

INDEX.

Autrc capacite fy autre droit, their difference shewn, iv. 243

Auxiliary forces, v. 72, aids of the same nation on both sides, ibid.
Axioms to be extracted, i. 472

Aylesbury, Thomas, vi. 297, secretary to the marquis of Bucking-
ham as lord high admiral, ibid.

B

BABYLON, its walls cemented by Naptha, H. 207

Bacon, Sir Nicholas, a short account of him, iii. 96, bishop of Ross's
saying of him, ibid, was lord keeper of the great seal, ii. 407,
409, 422, 426, an old arrear demanded of him, vi. 368, indebted
to the crown, vi. 381

Bacon, Mr. Antony, ii. 420, 421, v. 273, our author's dedication
to him, ii. 251

Bacon, Sir Francis, made attorney-general, ii. 421, his conversation
with Gondomar when advanced to the great seal, ii. 422, his
apology for any imputations concerning lord Essex, iii. 211, his
services to lord Essex, iii. 213, two points wherein they always
differed, iii. 215, 216, a coldness of behaviour grows between them,
iii. 217, his advice to the queen about calling home lord Essex from
Ireland, iii. 218, his advice to lord Essex, when he came from
Ireland without leave from the queen, iii. 219, endeavours to recon-
cile the queen to lord Essex, iii. 220, etc. desires the queen to be
left out in Essex's cause, iii. 222, writes an account by the queen's
order of the proceedings relating to Essex, iii. 232, 233, is cen-
sured by some for his proceedings in the Charter-house affair, but
unjustly, v. 506, he praises the king's bounty to him, v. 567,
complains to the king of his poverty, v. 568, expostulates roughly
with Buckingham about neglecting him, v. 573, does the same
\vithtreasurerMarlborough, v. 582, begs of the king a remission
of his sentence, and the return of his favour, v. 583, promises
bishop Williams to bequeath his writings to him, v. 585, his last
will, vi. 411, is charged with Bribery. See Bribery.

Bacon, Sir Francis, offends queen Elizabeth by his speeches in par-
liament, vi. 2, 3, speeches drawn up by him for the earl of
Essex's device, vi. 22. & seq. arrested at the suit of a goldsmith,
vi. 41, 42, substance of a letter written by him to the queen for
the earl of Essex, vi. 43, insulted by the attorney-general Coke,
vi. 46, arrested again, vi. 48, desires to be knighted, ibid, going
to marry an alderman's daughter, vi. 49, and note(c}, his letter to
Isaac Casaubon, vi. 5fr, writes to the king on the death of the earl
of Salisbury, lord treasurer, vi.^52, 58, his letter to the king touch-
ing his majesty's estate in general, vi. 58. on the order of baronets,
vi. 63, his charge against Mr. Whitelocke, vi. 65, letter to the
king on the death of the lord chief justice Fleming, vi. 69, his
letters t,o Mr. John Murray, vi. 76, 77, supplement to his speech
against Owen, vi. 80, 81, thanks to Sir George Villiers for a mes-
sage to him of a promise of the chancellor's place, vi. 88, ques-
tions legal for the judges in the case of the earl and countess of
Somerset, vi. 94; his heads of the charge against the earl of Somcr-

INDEX:.

set, vi. 97, his letter to Sir George Villiers relating to that earl,
vi. 101, his remembrances of the king's declaration against the lord
chief justice Coke, vi. 127, sends the king a warrant to review
Sir Edward Coke's reports, vi. 132, his remembrances to the
king on his majesty's going to Scotland, vi, 134, his additional in-
structions to Sir John Digby, vi. 138, his account of council bit*
siness, vi. 139, cases in chancery recommended to him by the earl
of Buckingham, vi. 142, and note (/») 143, 148, &c. recom-
mends Sir Thomas Edmondes to his neice for an husband, iv. 147,
desirous to have York-house, vi. 144,396, confined to his chamber
by a pain in his legs, vi. 1 48, has not one cause in his court unheard,
vi. 149. resides some time at Dorset-house, ibid, complains
that the earl of Buckingham writes seldomer than he used, vi. 155,
apologizes in a letter to the king, for having opposed the match
between the earl's brother and Sir Edward Coke's daughter, vi.
!57, 158, 159, 160, the king's answer to that letter, vi. 161, on
ill terms with secretary Winwood, vi. 161, 162, note (/*) earl of
Buckingham exasperated against him, vi. 165, reconciled, vi. 173,
his advice to the king about reviving the commission of suits, vi.
169, speaks with the judges concerning commendams, vi. 173,
his great dispatch of business in chancery, vi. 1 82, created lord
Verulam, vi. 203, note (c), desirous of being one of the commis-
sioners to treat with the Hollanders, vi. 215, returns thanks to
the king for a favour granted him, vi. 220, his letter to Frederick
count Palatine, vi. 221, ordered to admonish the judges for negli-
gence, vi. 229, his advice, with regard to currants and tobacco,
followed by the king, vi/232, gives a charge in the star-chamber,
vi. 244, draws up rules for the star-chamber, vi. 247, advises the
king to sit in person in that court, vi.249, his letter to the king
with^his Novum Organum, vi. 252, thanks the king for his accept-
ance of that work, vi. 256, approves of the king's judgment
about the proclamation for calling a parliament, vi. 257, notes of
his speech in the star-chamber, against Sir Henry Yelverton, vi,
258, his advice to the marquis of Buckingham concerning the pa-
tents granted, vi. 262, letter of him and the two chief justices,
about parliamenr business, vi. 265, thanks the king for creating
him viscount St. Alban, vi. 271, his speech to the parliament,
vi. 273, his letter to the marquis of Buckingham about the pro-
ceedings of the house of commons concerning grievances, vi. 275,
his letter to the king, vi. 276, speaks in his own defence at a con-
ference, ibid, note («), his letter to the marquis of Buckingham,
when the house of commons began to accuse him of abuses in his
office, vi. 277, his concern in incorporating the apothecaries, vi.
279, memoranda of what he intended to deliver to the king, upon
his first access after his troubles, vi. 280, 281, 282, proceedings
against him, vi. 280, note («), 281, his notes upon the case of Mi-
chael de la Pole and others, vi. 284, his letters to count Gondo-
mar, vi. 287, directed to go to Gorhambury, vi. 288, his letter to
Charles, prince of Wales, vi. 289, to the king, vi. 290,291, grant of
pardon to him, vi. 292, his letter to lord keeper Williams, vi. 294,
his petition intended for the house of lords, ib.his lettertolord Digby,
vi. 296, to the marquis of Buckingham, vi. 297, memorial of a con-

INDEX.

ference with the marquis, vi. 298, 299, 300, his history of the
reign of king Henry VII. vi. 303, his letter to the duke of Lenox,
vi. 306, to the marquis of Buckingham, vi. 306, 307, to Mr. To-
bie Matthew, vi. 311, desirous to offer his house and lands at
Gorhambury to the marquis, vi. 311, 312, his letter to the mar-
quis of Buckingham, ibid, to the lord viscount Falkland, vi. 316.
to lord treasurer Cranfield, vi. 3 17, to Thomas Meautys, esq. vi.
320, to Mr. Tobie Matthew, vi. 321, to the queen of Bohemia,
vi. 222, to the lord keeper, vi. 325, to the marquis of Bucking-
ham, vi. 326, to the countess of Buckingham, vi. 328, to the
marquis of Buckingham, vi. 329, memorial of his access to the
king, ibid, remembrances of what he was to say to the lord trea-
surer Cranfield, vi. 335, his letter to the marquis, vi. 337, 338,
to Sir Francis Cottington, vi. 339, he returns to Gray's Inn, vi.
34-0, and note (b), his letter to the king, ibid, to secretary Con-
way, vi. 341, to count Gondomar, vi. : 43, to the marquis of
Buckingham, vi. 344, is obliged to secretary Conway, vi. 345, his
letter to secretary Conway, ibid, desirous of the provostship of
Eton, ibid, intends to sell Gorhambury, vi. 346, his papers on
usury, ibid, his letter to count Gondomar, vi. 347, to the earl of
Bristol, vi. 348, to Sir Francis Cottington, ibid, to Mr. Matthew,
ibid, to the duke of Buckingham, vi. 349, to Mr. Matthew, vi.
348, 352, his history of Henry VIII. vi. 352, 353, his letter to
the duke of Buckingham, vi. 355, to the king with his book
de Augmentis Scientiarum, vi. 357, to the prince with the same
book, ibid, his essay on friendship, vi. 358, his conference with
the duke, vi. 359, 360, 361, letter of advice to the duke,
vi. 364, desires his writ of summons to parliament, vi. 368, his
letter to Sir Francis Barnham, vi. 369, to the duke of Buckingham,
vi. 370, 371, to Sir Richard Weston, vi. 372, to Sir Humphry
May, vi. .474, toSir Robert Pye, vi. 379, to Edward,earl ofDor-
set/vi. 380, letter to Mr. Roger Palmer, vi. 382, to the duke of
Buckingham, ibid, to Mons. d'Effiat, vi. 384, to king James I.
vi. 387, 388, his petition to king James I.vi. 389, his letters to
the marquis of Buckingham, vi. 391, 392, 393, 394, to Mr. Mat-
thew, vi. 394, to the archbishop of York, vi. 396, to the king, on
Cotton's case, vi. 73, his letter to Mr. Cecil about his travels, vi, 1,
letter of thanks to the earl of Essex, vi. 2, to Alderman Spencer,
vi. 3, to queen Elizabeth, being afraid of her displeasure, vi. 6,
to Mr. Kemp, vi. 7, to the earl of Essex, about the Huddler, vi. 8,
to Sir Robert Cecil, vi. 12, his letter to queen Elizabeth, vi. 16,
to his brother Antony, vi. 17, another to his brother Antony,
about being solicitor, and the queen's temper of mind, vi. 18, his
letter to Sir Robert Cecil about his going abroad, if not made
solicitor, vi. 20, to Sir Thomas Egerton, desiring favours, vi, 32,
to the earl of Essex on his going on the expedition against Cadiz,
vi. 38, his letter to his brother Antony, vi. 40, to Sir John Davis,
vi. 5.0, his eulogium on Henry prince of Wales, vi. 58, 59, 60,
his letter to lord Norris, vi. 82, his letter to sir George Villiers
about Sir Robert Cotton's examination, vi. 89, his letter to the
judges about the cause of commendams, vi. 94, his letter to the
king about the transportation of tallow, butter, and hides, yi. 1 1 1,

INDEX,

to Mr. Maxey of Trinity College, vi. 146, to his niece about her
marriage, vi. 14-7, his letter to the duke of Buckingham about
Sir Henry Yelverton's case, vi. 259, his letter to the lord treasurer
for his favour to Mr. Higgius, vi. 385, to Sir Francis Vcrc in fa-
vour of Mr. Ashe, ibid, to Mr. Cawfeilde about sending interro-
gatories, vi, 386, his friendly letter to lord Montjoye, vi. 3S7.
See letters.

Bacon, Antony, a letter from his brother to him, vi. 17, another let-
ter about being solicitor to queen Elizabeth, vi 13
Bacon, Sir Edmund, a letter to his uncle about the salt of wormwood,

vi. 130

Baggage, the properties ofit, ii. 333

Bagg's case, vi. 400, 4-07

Bajazet, better read in the Alcoran, than government, v. 73

Bailiffs, their office, iv. 318, by whom appointed, ibid.

Balaam's Ass, the title of a libel against king James I. note («), vi. 73
Bankrupts, their petitions, when to be granted, iv. 524

Banquet of the seven wise men, ii. 444

Baptism by women or laymen condemned, ii. 540, was formerly-
administered but annually, ibid.
Barbadico, duke of Venice, joins in the Italian league, v. 1 1 j
Barbary, the plague cured there by heat and drought, i. 384, hotter
than under the line, why, i. 388, 389
Bargains of a doubtful nature, ii. 389
Barley, William, sent to lady Margaret, &c. v. 98, made his peace
at last, v. 1 1 0
Barnham, Sir Francis, letter to him from lord St. Alban, vi, 369
Baronets, letter to king James I. from Sir Francis Bacon, on that or-
der, vi. 63, when first created, vi. 64 note (Ij]
Barrel empty, knocked, said to give a diapason to the same barrel
full, i. 321
Barrenness of trees, the cause and cure, i. 409, 410
Barrow, a promoter of the opinions of the Brownists, iii. 60
Barton, called the Holy Maid of Kent, is condemned for treason,

iv. 427, v. 108

Basil turned into wild thyme, i. 425

Basilisk said to kill by aspect, ii. 52

Basset, Robert, vi. 193

Bastard, how his heirs may become lawful possessors, in opposition to

legal issue, iv. 99

Bathing, i. 488

Bathing the body, i. 501, would not be healthful for us if it were in

use, i. 502, for the Turks good, ibid.

Battery, how to be punished, iv, 82

Battle "of Granicum, ii. 440, of Arbela, ii. 323, of Actium, ii. 329,

of Bosworth Field, v. 5, of Stokefield near Newark, v. 32, of St.

Alban, v. 52, of Bannockbourn, v. 59, of Cressy, Poictiers, and

Agincourt, v. 79, of Blackheath, v. 134, of Newport in Flanders,

iii. 524

Bayly, Dr, Lewis, bishop of Bangor, a book of his to be examined,

vi. 240, and note (d)
Baynton or Bainharn, vi. 1 70, 171

INDEX.

Beads of several sorts commended, ii. 65

Beaks of birds cast, * i. 504.

Bearing in the womb, in some creatures longer, in some shorter,

i. 508

Bears, their sleeping, i. 270, ii. 41, breed during their sleeping,
if. 41. Bear big with young seldom seen, ibid.

Beasts, why their hairs have less lively colours than birds feathers,
i. 246, 24-7, 287. Beasts do not imitate man's speech as birds do,
whence, i. 335, 336. Beasts communicating species with or re-
sembling one another, i. 4-72, the comparative greatness of beasts
and birds with regard to fishes, ii. 23, 24, greater than birds,
whence, ibid.

Beasts that yield the taste or virtue of the herb they feed on, i. 499,
their bearing in the womb, i. 507

Beasts foreshow rain, how, ii. 8

Beautiful persons, ii. 357

Beauty, how improved, i. 256

Beauty and deformity, ii. 357, 358, the relation of beauty to virtue,
ii. 357, when good things appear in full beauty, ii. 240

Becher, Sir William, vi. 116, resigns hig, pretensions to the provost-
ship of Eton, vi. 345, note (a)
Bedford, Duke of, v. 1 2. See Jasper.

Bedford, lady, some account of her, v. 436

Beer, how fined, T. 356, 357, 358, improved by burying, i. 382,
capon beer, how made, i. 266", 267, a very nourishing drink, ibid.
Bees humming, an unequal sound, i. 317, their age, i. 483, whether
they sleep all winter, i. 504

Beggars, the ill effects from them, iii. 391

Behaviour of some men like verse, in which every syllable is mea-
sured, ii. 377, should be like the apparel, not too strait, ii. 378
Belfast, lord vi. 360, 363, and note (/)

Bells, why they sound so long after the percussion, i. 303, 304,
ringing of them said to have chased away thunder and dissipated
pestilent air, See i. 343, Bells, what helps the clearness of their
sound, ii. 190

Pcllum socialc, between the Romans and Latins, with the occasion
of it, iii. 302

Benevolence, a contribution so called, made of money, plate, 8fc.
to king James I. with the occasion of it, v. 432, v. 81, 172,
8fc. letters sent to the sheriffs, to bring the country into it, iv. 43 1 ,
great care taken to prevent its being looked on as a tax, or being
drawn into precedent; with reasons in justification thereof, iv. 431,
432, 433, Oliver St. John's complaints against it, with his papers
relating thereto condemned in several particulars, iv. 433, 434
Benbow, Mr. vi. 301

Bennet, Sir John, vi. 156,255

Bernard, St. ii. 291

Bernardi, Philip, vi. 219

Bertram, concerning his murdering of Tyndal, v. 452, his case, v. 554
Bertram, John, his case, vi. 133, and note (e)

Bevers, lord, admiral of the arch-duke, v. 127

Bias, his precept about love and hatred^ ii. 41$

INDEX.

Bill of review, in what cases to be admitted in chancery, iv. 509, #c.

of an immoderate length, is to be fined in chancery, iv. 517. that

is libellous, or slanderous, or impertinent, to be punished, iv. 518

Bills and beaks sometimes cast, i. 504

Bingley, Sir John, his answer in the star-chamber, vi. 245

Bingley turns pirate, and his ship is taken in Ireland, iii. 337

Bion, his reproof to an envious man, ii. 418, esteemed an atheist,

ii. 437, reprimands the dissolute mariners in a tempest, ii. 443

Birds, why their feathers have more orient colours than the hairs or*

beasts, i. 247, 287

Birds have another manner in their quickening than men or beasts,

i. 488, Birds only imitate human voice, whence, i. 336, why swifter

in motion than beasts, i. 474, in their kinds, why less than beasts

or fishes, ii. 23, 2k Birds have no instruments of urine, i. 473.

the swiftness of their motion, i. 474, have no teeth, *i. ^04,

among singing birds the best, ii. 23, birds carnivorous, not eaten,

ii. 27

Birth of living creatures, how many ways it may be accelerated,

i. 372

Bishop taken armed in battle, ii. 427

Bishops, their wrong conduct often occasions controversies in the
church, ii. 506. of England answered, ii. 507, 512, ought not
lightly to be spoken ill of, ii. 506, 507, when any were an-
ciently excommunicated, their offence was buried in oblivion,
ii. 508. ill ones censured by the fathers, ibid, whether the pre-
sent practice of exercising their authority alone by themselves be
right, ii, 531, how they came by this authority, ii. 532, 533. go-
vernment of the church by bishops commended, ii. 531, in causes
that come before them they should be assisted by the other clergy,
ii. 533, should have no deputies to judge for them, ii. 534, the
causes which they are tojudge of, ii. 536

Bitumen, a mixture of fiery and watery substance, i. 519, mingled
with lime, and put under water, will make an artificial rock,

ibid.

Black the best colour in plums, • i. 421

Blackheath, battle there between Henry VII. and the Cornish
rebels, v. 134

Blacks, or tawny-moors, their coloration, i. 389

Blackstone, Sir Thomas, vi. ]8I

Bladders dry, will not blow, fyc. i.351

Blasphemy ought to be chastised by the temporal sword, ii. 259,
of the devil, ii. 260

Blear eyes infectious, ii. 52

Bleeding of the body at the approach of the murderer, ii. 65

Blister on the the tongue, ii. 379

Blois, an experiment about improving milk there, i. 385

Blood, five means of stanching it, i. 276, why it separateth when
cold, i. 366, hath saltness, i. 461

Blood draweth salt, ii. 7 1

Blood of the cuttle-fish, why black, i. 502, one who hath had his
hands in blood, fit only for a desperate undertaking, ii. 349

VOL. VI. F F

INDEX.

Blood -clone, said to prevent bleeding at the nose, 55. 68

Blossoms plucked off, makes the fruit fairer, i. 403

Blows and bruises induce swelling, the cause, ii. 28

Blindell, Sir Francis, vi. 214, 251

Blunt, the effect of what passed at his arraignment, iii. 179, fyc. his
confession relating to Essex's treason, iii. 144, 195, a second con-
fession, iii. 196, another made at the bar, iii. 204, his speech
at his death, iii. 206

Blushing, how caused, ii. 32, i. 493

Blushing causeth redness in the ears, not in the eyes, as anger doth,
ii 32, the cause of each, ibid

Bodley, Sir Thomas, some account of him, v. 287

Body, doctrine of the human body, ii. 1 1 6, how divided, ii. 117, 118
Body brittle, strucken, i. 248. Bodies natural, most of them have
an appetite of admitting other bodies into them, i. 350, 351,
dissolution of them by desiccation and putrefaction, i. 367.
Bodies imperfectly mixt, ii. 13. Bodies in nature that give
no sounds, and that give sounds, i. 299, et seq. Bodies solid
are all cleaving more or less, i. 350, 351, all bodies have
pneumatical and tangible parts, ii. 17. Bodies to which wine is
hurtful, and to which good, i. 406. Bodies conserved a long
time, i. 513, 514, the several properties of bodies, ii. 15. Body,
natural and politic of the king, their mutual influence upon each
other, iv. 349

Bohemia, iii. 500

Bohemia, queen of, her cause recommended by lord Bacon, vi. 367
Boiling, no water in thai state so clear as when cold, i. 474, bottom
of a vessel of Boiling water, not much heated, i. 475.

Boiling causeth grains to swell in different proportion, ii, 25, 26
Boldness, ii. 278, the child of ignorance and baseness, ii. 278, 279,
operates better with private persons than public bodies, ibid.

Boldness and industry, the power of them in civil business, ii. 57, in
civil business like pronunciation in the orator, ii. 278, ill in coun-
sel, good in execution, ii 280
Boletus, an excrescence on the roots of oaks, i. 459
Boloign invested by Hertry VII. v. 89
Bolus Armenus, coldest of medicinal earths, i. 486
Bones, i. 476, 477, the most sensible of cold, i. 476, why brittle in
sharp colds, i. 477, in what fishes none, i. 504, one in the "heart
of a stag, i. 505
Bonham his case, vi. 400, 405
Books proper to assist students in reading the common law, much
wanted, iv. 372, a way proposed for supplying them, iv. 373
Boring a hole through a tree helpeth its fruitfulness, i. 399
Borough, John, vi. 301, note (e)
Bottles under water preserve fruit a long time, i. 456
Boughs low, enlarge the fruit, i. 400
Bourchier, Archbishop of Canterbury, entertains Henry VII. v. 1 2
Bourchier, Sir John, one of the hostages left at Paris, by Henry VII.

v. 16

Bow, Turkish, i. 487

Bowling, good for the stone and reins, ii. 374

INDEX.

Bracelets worn, which comfort the spirits, ii. 66, their three several
operations, ibid.

Brackenbury, lieutenant of the Tower, refuses to murder Edward V.
and his brother, v. 99, 100

Brack ley, viscount, created earl of Bridge water, vi. 144, 145

Brain, its over-moisture obstructs the sight, i. 478. Brains of beasts
that are fearful said to strengthen the memory, ii. 69. Brain in-
creased in the full moon, ii. 39
Brass much heavier than iron, ii. 1 89
Brass sanative of wounds, i. 520
Brass-plates assuage swelling, ii. 28
Brass ordnance, the advantage of them, ii. 188. Brass plates less
resplendent than steel, ibid.
Bravery stands upon comparisons, ii. 379, 380
Bray, Sir Reginald, clamoured against, v. 130, noted to have the
greatest freedom with king Henry VII. v. 166, his death, ibid.
Breath held, helpeth hearing, why, i. 347
Bremingham, his relation of what Tyrone said to him about conquer-
ing England, iii. 146
Bresquet, jester to Francis I. ii. 430
Brewing neglected in many countries, i. 488
Bribery, our author is apprehensive of being charged therewith, iv.
527, his requests to the lords thereupon, iv. 529, promises a fair
answer relating thereto, v. 549, his submission, iv. 538, his sup-
plication for favour, iv. 547
Brier, i. 43 i
Brimstone, useful in melting of steel, ii. 1 88
Bringing forth many at a birth, and but one, i. 509, the reasons as-
signed, ibid.
Britain, of the true greatness of the kingdom of Britain, iii. 410, 418
Britainy, the steps taken to reannex it to the crown of France, v. 37
Britten, Sir Henry, . vi. 238
Brittle bodies, why they shiver at a distance from the pressure,

i. 248

Brograve and Branthwayt, recommended by lord keeper Puck-
ering, vi. 5
Bromley, Edward, baron of the exchequer, vi. 133
Brooke Robert, lord, sent at the head of 8000 men in aid of Bri-
tainy, v. 53
Brooke, Fulk Grevile, lord, looks over the manuscript of lord Bacon's
history of the reign of king Henry VII. vi. 203
Brother, fyc. of the half-blood shall not inherit to his brother, #c.
but only as a child to his parents, iv. 93
Broughton, Sir Thomas, a powerful man in Lancashire, v. 1 8, 27,
slain in the battle near Newark, righting against Henry VII.

v. 32, 33

Brown, Dr, character of him, ii.431

Brownists, some account of their opinions, iii. 60

Bruges, v. 65, 82, 83

Brutus, his power with Caesar, ii. 316

Bubbles rise swift in water from the pressure or percussion of the

water, i. 253. Bubbles and white circles froth on the sea, ii. 6,

meet on the top of water, v. 1 41

F F2

INDEX.

Buchanan, his history of Scotland, v. 29.5

Bucket, its increase of sound in the bottom of a well, i. 3 1 1

Buckhurst, lord, is concerned in Essex's trial, iii. 168, his character
from Naunton, v. 289

Buckingham, George Earl, tfc. of. See Villiers.
Buckingham, Mary countess of, letter to her from lord Bacon, vi.
328, memorandums tor his lordship's conference with her, vi. 336
Building, ii. 359, variety of circumstances to be considered in the
situation of it, ii. 359, 360, of the Vatican and Escurial without a
good room, ii. 360

Bullet, its motion, i. 302

Bulls from the pope are forbid in England, iii. 73

Burgess, Dr. is restored to preach, and made rector of Sutton-Cole-
field, v. 435

Burgh, English, a custom in Boroughs so called, iv. 100

Burleigh, lord, counsellor to queen Elizabeth, his observation on
licences, ii. 407, commended, iii. 43, is censured in a libel, ibid,
farther attempts to make him suspected to the queen and nation,
iii. 46, some account of him, with remarks upon his actions, iii. 92,
was much respected by queen Mary, iii. 96. some false reflections
concerning him, ibid. fyc. is accused of designing a match between
his grand-child William Cecil, and the lady Arabella, iii. 99, se-
veral letters to the English and Scotch lord BurleJgh : For which
see Letter.

Burghley, lord treasurer, his kind letter to Mr. Bacon, vi. 5

Burning-glasses, their operations, i. 302

Burning some vegetables upon the ground enricheth it, i.447

Burnt wine, why more astringent, ii. 40

Burrage-leaf, infused, represses melancholy, and removes madness,

i. 251

Burying hard and soft bodies in earth, its effects, i. 382

Busbechius, his account of a Christian gagging a fowl in Constan-
tinople, ii.280
Business compared to the roads, ii. 433, how best forwarded, ii. 303,
304, directions about doing business, ii, 369, 370
By-laws restrained, being fraternities in evil, v. 171

C

CABINET counsels, their introduction, ii. 301

Cadiz taken by Robert earl of Essex, iii. 523

Caesar besieged in Alexandria, how he preserved the wells, i. 245,

wrote a collection of apophthegms, ii. 400, married his daughter to

Pompcy, ii. 433, how he appeased sedition in his army, ii. 434,

435, his character of Scylla, ibid, reprimands a coward, ii. 438,

attempts the title of king, ii. 443, represses Metellus, ii. 445,

his Anticato, ii. 4.52, Vide ii. 289

Csesar, a saying of Seneca's about his resigning his power, iv. 378,

was a famous lawgiver, ibid, a saying to him, iii. 25 1

Crcsar Borgia, his perfidv, ii. 435

Ca^ar, Sir Julius vi. 189, 195, 245

INDEX.

Cairo afflicted with plagues on the rise of the river Nile, i. 503

Caius Marius, ii, 445

Cake growing on the side of a dead tree, i. 432

Calais, possessed by the Spaniards, iii. 237, restitution thereof de-
manded, iii. 84
Calaminar stone, ii. J 89
Calamitas, when the corn could not rise in the straw, i. 469
Calcination, how performed, ii. 204
Callisthenes, in his two orations, commends and discommends the
Macedonians, iv. 364. Alexander's saving to him thereupon, ibid.
Callisthenes, his hatred of Alexander, ii. 41 4
Calpurnia, her dream, if. 316
Calvert, Sir George, secretary of state, vi. 225, appointed to speak
with the countess of Exeter, vi. 233, letter to him from the lord
chancellor, vi. 239
Cambridge, a letter to the university professing great respect and
services due from our author, v. 464
Camden, his annals of queen Elizabeth commended, v. 294
Candles of several mixtures, i. 379, of several wicks, i. 330, lai^l in
bran, for lasting, i. 381 , Candles of salamanders wool, i. 515
Candle-light, colours appearing best by it, ii. 346
Canibals, or eaters of man's flesh, said to be the original of the French
disease, i. 25-1-; three reasons why man's flesh is not to be eaten,

ii. 27

Canon law, a design of purging it in Henry VITI's time, iv. 368, 379
Cantharides wheresoever applied affect the bladder, i. 288, ii. 71, the
flies Cantharides, ii. 497, of what substance they are bred, and
their qualities, ibid, operate upon urine and hydropical water, ii. 71
Capel, Sir William, alderman of London, an instance of the king's ex-
tortion, v. 112
Capital to conspire the death of a lord, or any of the king's council,

v. 55

Capita, lands held in capite in knight's service, in what manner and

parcels they may be devised, iv. 241, 242, 24-3, 244, 245

Capon drink for a consumption, i. 266, 267

Caracalla, ii. 296

Cardinal, whence so called, ii. 533

Cardinals of Rome, their affected wisdom, ii. 379

Carew, Sir George, some account of him, v. 306

Carrying of foreign roots with safety, i. 45 t

Carvajai, ii. 429

Gary, Mr. Henry, his letter to lord Falkland, vi. 316

Gary, under-keeper of the Tower displaced, and is succeeded by

Weston in order to effect the poisoning of Overbury, iv. 48O

Casaubon, Isaac, letter to him from Sir Francis Bacon, vi. 51

Case of Marvvood, Sanders, Foster and Spencer, relating to property

in timber-trees, iv. 222, of Sir Mojle Finch, of the statute of

Marlbridge, Littleton and Culpeper on the same, iv. 229, 230.

Of Carr, relating to tenures incapiie, iv. 241, etc. of the bishop

of Salisbury upon the same, iv. 244, 245, of Fitz- Williams,

iv. 248, of Colthurst about the sense of si and ita quod, iv. 250,

of Diggs on the same, ibid, of Jermin and Askew about the inter^

INDEX.

pretation of some words in devising of lands, iv. 254, of Corbet
about uses, iv. 166, of Delamer on the same, iv. 170, of Cal-
vin about his freedom in England, iv. 320, of 8th of Henry VI.
iv. 24-3, of Sir Hugh Cholmley and Houlford, that the law does not
respect remote possibilities, iv. 343, of lord Berkley brought to
prove that the body natural and politic of the king are not to be
confounded, iv. 350, of Wharton, concerning challenges to du-
elling, iv. 409, of Saunders upon poisoning, iv. 448
Cassia, an odd account of it from one of the ancients, i. 445
Cassius in the defeat of Crassus by the Parthians, ii. 45 1
Cassytas, a superplawt of Syria, i. 466
Castello, Adrian de, pope's legate, v. 59
Castile, Phillip king of, driven on the English shore, iv- 177, 1 80
Casting of the skin or shell, i. 498, the creatures that cast either,

ibid.

Casting down of the eyes proceedeth of reverence, i. 493*

Catalonia, a name compounded of Goth and Aland, iii. 308

Cataracts of the eye, i. 344, of Nile, said to strike men deaf, i. 345,

remedy for those of the eyes, i. 460

Caterpillars, their produce and growth, i. 497, several kinds of

them, ibid.

Catharine. See Katharine,

Cato Major compares the Romans to sheep, ii. 437, his reason to his
son for bringing in a step-mother, ii. 441, says, wise men profit
more by fools, than fools by wise men, ii. 451, his character,

ii. 350.

Catullus, his sarcasm upon Clodius, ii. 436

Causes dismissed in chancery, after full hearing, are not to be re-
tained again, iv. 511
Cecil, Sir Robert, some account of him, iii. 100, v. 288, letters
to him from Sir Francis Bacon, vi. 43, 46, 47, character of him by
the same, vi. 48, 50, 55, his letter to Mr. Francis Bacon, vi. 5. his
answer to Mr. Bacon's letter, vi. 13
Cecile, Duchess of York, mother of Edward IV. her death, v. . 1 1 5
Celsus, his great precept of health, ii. 332
Cements that grow hard, ii. 21. Cement as hard as stone, ii. 519
Cephalus, an Athenian, a saying of his upon himself, iii. 94
Ceremonies and respects, ii. 376, their slight use and great abuse,
ii. 377, often raise envy, and obstruct business, ibid.
Certainty, there be three degrees of it ; first, of presence, which the
law holds of greatest dignity ; secondly, of name, which is the se-
cond degree ; thirdly, of demonstration, or reference, which is the
lowest degree, iv. 73. There is a certainty of representation also,
cases of which see, iv. 73, 74, what the greatest kind in the nam-
ing of land?, iv. 76, what sort is greatest in demonstrations of
persons, ibid, of reference, two difficult questions relating thereto
answered, iv. 77
Cestuy que use, cases relating thereto, iv. 161, 167, had no remedy
till Augustus's time, if the heir did not perform as he ought, iv. 174,
cases concerning him in statute of uses, iv. 189, 193, 198, what
person may be so, iv. 202. See Use.
Chaeronea, battle of, won by Philip of Macedon, i. 443

INDEX.

Chalcites, or vitriol. i. 482

Chalk, a good compost, i. 44-5, good for pasture as well as for
arable, ibid.

Challenges to duelling punishable, though never acted, iv. 408, 409
Chaloner, Sir Thomas, some account of him, v. 274

Chamberlain, John, esq, a correspondent of Sir Dudley Carleton,

vi; 41.

Chambletted paper, i. 502

Chameleons their description, i. 375, their nourishment of flies as well

as air, ibid, their raising a tempest if burnt, a fond tradition,

1.376

Chancery, one formerly in all counties palatine, iv. 274, rules proper

to be observed for the direction of that court, iv. 488, its excess,

in what particulars to be amended, iv. 495, some disagreement

between that court and king's-bench, v. 374, letter upon the same

to Sir George Villiers, v. 376, the ground of their disagreement,

v. 375, our author's advice relating thereto, v. 381, moreproceed-

ings between them, v. 415

Chandosof Britain made earl of Bath, v. 17

Change in medicines and aliments, why good, i. 277, vide ii. 331,

332

Chanfapries, statute of, explained, iv. 47

Chaplains to noblemen's families, should have no other benefice,

ii. 546

Charcoal vapour, in a close room, often mortal, ii. 51

Chaworth, Sir George, vi. 185

Charge against lord Sanquar, iv. 395, against duels, iv. 399, against
Priest and Wright concerning duels, iv. 41 1, against Talbot, iv.
420, against Oliver St. John lor traducing the letters touching the
benevolence, with the sum of his offence, iv. 429, 439, against
Owen for high treason, iv. 440, against several persons for tra-
ducing the king's justice in the proceedings against Weston for
poisoning Overbury, 447, with an enumeration of their particular
offences, iv. 452, 456, against the countess of Somerset for poison-
ing Overbury, iv. 457, against the earl of Somerset for the
same, iv. 465

Charges warily to be entered upon, ii. 322

Charities, why not to be deferred till death, ii. 341

Charlemaign, ii. 391, 392

Charles, duke of Burgundy, slain at the battle of Granson, ii. 72
Charles, king of Sweden, a great enemy to the Jesuits, ii. 424, hang-
ing the old ones, and sending the young to the mines, ibid.
Charles V. emperor, passes unarmed through France, ii. 430, has the
fate of great conquerors to grow superstitious and melancholy,
ii. 296, married the second daughter of Henry VII. v. 181.
See iii. 507
Charles, prince of Wales, our author's dedication to him, v. 4, ano-
ther, iii. 499, a Charles who brought the empire first into France
and Spain, ibid.
Charles VIII. of France, marries Anne inheritress of Britainy,
v. 10, fortunate in his two predecessors, v. 36, his character and
conduct in re-annexing Britainy, ibid, treats with great art and

INDEX.

dissimulation, v. 40, 41, 42, 43, v. 69, resolved upon the war of
Naples and an holy war, how, v. 72, marries the heir of Britainy,
though both parties were contracted to others, v. 69, v. 77, restores
Russignon and Perpignan to Fernando, v. 89, besides present
money grants an annual pension or tribute to Henry VII. for a
peace, ibid, dispatches Lucas and Frion in embassy to Perkin,
v. 96, to invite him into France, ibid, conquers and loses Naples,
v. 114, his ill conduct recapitulated, ibid.

Charles IX. advice given him by Jasper Coligni, to discharge the
ill humours of his state in a foreign war, iii. 508

Charms, ii. 59, 60, 61, 62, 63

Charter-house, what sort of persons most proper to be relieved by
that foundation, iii. 391, no grammar school to be there, but
readers in the arts and sciences, iii. 392, 393, should be a college
for controversies, iii. 394, a receptacle for converts to the reformed
religion, ibid. See Sutton.

Cheap fuel, i. 516

Chearfulness, a preservative of health, ii. 331

Cheshire, exempted from the jurisdiction of the court of marches,

iv. 270

Childish men authors of the noblest works and foundations, ii. 266
Children, a foolish pride in having none, from covetousness and a
fondness to be thought rich, ii. 267

Children born in the seventh month, vital ; in the eighth not, why,
i. 372, overmuch nourishment ill for children, ibid, what nou-
rishment hurtful, ibid, what nourishment good for them, i. 373,
sitting much, why hurtful for them, ibid, cold things, why hurtful,
ibid, long sucking, why hurtful, ibid, sweeten labours, imbitter
misfortunes, ii. 266.

Chilon, ii. 434, his saying of men and gold, ii. 447

Chineses commended for attempting to make silver, ralher than gold,
ii. 362, paint their cheeks scarlet, i. 501, eat horse-flesh, ii. 27,
had ordnance two thousand years ago, ii. 592

Coleric creatures, why not edible, ii. 27

Christ Jesus, sent by God according to promise, ii. 485, his incarna-
tion, ibid. , is God and man, ibid, his sufferings are satisfactory
for sin, ibid, to what persons they are applicable, ibid, the time
of his birth and suffering, ii. 486

Christendom, its disturbances what owing to, v. 70

Christian priest, a description of a good one, ii, 87

Christianity, how commended by Jineas Sylvius, ii. 433

Chronicles, i. 81

Church of England, the eye of England, ii. 462, confusions pretend--
ed to be therein, iii. 76, concerning the controversies on foot
therein, iii. 77, the disputes about the policy, government, and ce-
remonies of it carried very high, ii. 509, considerations touching
its pacification, ii. 531, the faults of those who have attempted to
reform its abuses, ii. 525, is commended, ii. 527, yet wants re-
formation in some things, ii. 529. that there should be only one
form of discipline alike in all, an erroneous conceit, ibid, in what
things it may be changed, and in what not, ii. 530, want of patri-
piony therein, i. 548, methods of supplying its decaye4 mainte-

INDEX.

nance, ii. 54S, 5-1-9, parliaments are obliged in conscience to

enlarge its patrimony, ii. 549. its affectation of imitating foreign

churches condemned as a cause of schism and heresy, ii. 51 1

Church catholic, that there is one, ii. 437, that there is a visible one,

ibid.

Church of Rome, the ill effects of our condemning every thing alike

therein, ii.5Il

Church-livings caution necessary in presenting persons to them,

iii. 436

Cicero, ii. 400, 433, gives in evidence upon oath against Clodius,
ii.436, what he observes of the bribery of the provinces, ii. 446,
his character of Piso, ii. 313, his letter to Atticus about Pompey's
preparations at sea, ii. 329, his commendation of Rabirius Posthu-
mous, ii. 338, his observation upon Caesar, ii. 244-
Cider ripeneth under the line, ii. 4-0
Cineas, how he checked Pyrrhus his ambition, ii. 4i6
Cion over-ruleth the stock, i. 397, 404, 410, must be superior to it,
i. 407, regrafting often the same Cions may enlarge the fruit, i. 403,
grafted the small end downwards, ii. 24-
Cinnamon dry, properties of that tree, i. 455
Circuit, counties divided into six of them, iv. 91, times appointed for
the judges to go to them, ibid.
Circuits of judges how rendered- more serviceable to crown and
country, iii. 439
Citron grafted on a quince, i. 424
Civil history, i. 80
Civil law prevails in Gascoigne, Languedoc, fyc. iii. 312
Civil war like the heat of a fever, ii. 323
Clammy bodies, i. 351
Clarence, duke of, his death contrived by his brother Richard, v. 5
Clarification of liquors, by adhesion, i, 247, i. 335, three causes
thereof, ibid, several instances of clarification, i. 355, 356. Cla-
rification, i. 5 1 2, of the Nile water, ibid.
Claudius, a conspiracy against him, ii. 450
Cluusula derogatoria, called also claitsula non obstante, is of two sorts,
iv. 61, fyc. its force explained by several instances, ibid.
Clay grounds produce moss in trees, i. 430
Cleon's dream, ii. 3 43
Cleopatra, her death, i. 461
Clergy, benefit thereof, its first rise, iv. 94,95, was allowed in all
cases except treason and robbing of churches ; but is now much
limited, ibid, to what cases now confined, ibid, their maintenance
is jure divino, ii, 548, equality in their order condemned, ibid,
an assembly of them much commended, ii. 543
Clergy pared by Henry VII. v. 56
Clerks and inferior ministers of justice, ii. 335
Clerk of the crown, his office, v. 316, of the peace, his office, ibid,
is appointed by the Gustos Rotulorum, ibid.
Clifford, Sir Thomas, embarks for Flanders, in favour of Perkin,
v.98, 99, deserts him, 101, returns and impeaches Sir William
Stanley lord chamberlain, who had saved the king's life, and set

INDEX:

the crown upon his head, v. 106. Clifford thought to have been
a spy from the beginning, v. 10.9

Clifford, lady, letter to her from the lord chancellor, vi. 216

Clifford, Nicholas, queen Elizabeth much displeased at him, vi. 30
Clifton, lord, how to be proceeded against, vi. 498, to be punished
for speaking against the chancellor, vi. 502

Climates, ii. 234

Clocks, ii. 119

Clodius acquitted by a corrupted jury, ii. 436

Clothing business at a stay, v.* 447, a remedy hereof proposed,
v. 448, some farther thoughts upon the same, v. 449, trie new
company not to be encouraged in the clothing trade, v. 450

Cloves attractive of water, i. 280

Coasting of plants. i. 408

Cocks may be made capons, but capons never cocks, applied to the
Epicureans, i. 447

Coffee, its virtues, i 50O

Cogitata ei visa, Bodley's opinion of that book, v. 3 1 1

Coke, Sir Edward, ii. 421, 424, an account of his errors in law,
v. 405, 406, 407, 408, his Reports much commended, iv. 367,
v. 473, are thought to contain matters against the prerogative, ibid.
Coke, when attorney-general, insults Mr. Francis 6acon, vi. 46,
knighted, ibid, note (b), and made lord chief justice of the com-
mon pleas, ibid, called the Huddler by Mr. Bacon, vi. 8, innova-
tions introduced by him into the laws and government, vi. 84,
fills part of the charge against the earl of Somerset with many fri-
volous things, vi. 99, answers for the earl's jewels, vi. 103, active
in examining into the poisoning Sir Thomas Overbtiry, vi. 109,
cited before the council, vi. 121, and forbid to sit at Westminster,
vi. 123, letter of lord viscount Villiers concerning him, vi. 124,
127, remembrances of the king's declaration against him, vi. 127,
his letter to the king concerning the case of murder or felony com-
mitted by one Englishman upon another in a foreign kingdom,
vi. 136, exasperates the earl of Buckingham against the lord
keeper Bacon, vi. 166, 168, his Reports examined by the judges,
vi. 173, he attends the council, but is in a bad state of health,
vi. 230, the marquis of Buckingham has no power with him,

vi. 275

Colchester oisters how improved, i. 487

Cold contracts the skin/ and causes defluxions, i. 264, how it relax-
eth, ibid, stanches blood, i. 276, heat and cold nature's two hands,
i. 277, intense cold sometimes causeth mortification, i. 366, 520.
Cold in the feet, why it hindereth sleep, i. 503. Cold the greatest
enemy to putrefaction, ii. 1 3

Cold, the production of it a noble work, i. 277, seven means to pro-
duce it, i. 278, 279, the earth primumfrigidum, i. 278, transitive
into bodies adjacent as well as heat, ibid, all tangible bodies of
themselves cold, ibid, density cause of cold, ibid, quick spirit in
a cold body increaseth cold, i. 278, 279, chaffing away the warm
spirit increaseth cold, ibid, exhaling the warm spirit doth the same,
ibid. Cold causeth induration, i. 284, and quickens liquors,

INDEX.

i. 359, hinders putrefaction, i. 367, irritateth flame, i. 382, Cold
sweats often mortal, i. 489, how to help a mortification arising
from cold, i. 520, Colevvorts furthered in their growth by sea-
weed, i. 403, by being watered with salt-water, i. 4-05, apple
grafted on them in the Low-countries, i. 404, 405, hurt neigh-
bouring plants, i. 412, apples grafted on them produce fruit with-
out core, ii. 24
Colic cured by application of wolf's guts, ii. 69
Coligni Jasper, admiral of France, his advice, iii. 508
College for controversies proposed, iii. 394
Colles, Mr. recommended by lord viscount St. Alban to Edward earl
of Dorset, vi. 380
Colliquation, whence it proceedeth, i. 364
Coloquinticla, being stamped, purges by vapour, ii. 15
Colouration of flowers, i. 420, 421, 422, different colours of flowers
from the same seed, whence, i. 422. Colours of herbs, i. 421.
Colours vanish not by degrees as sounds do, i. 328, the causes
thereof, ibid, mixture of many colours disagreeable to the eye,
ii. 11. Colour of the sea and other water, ii. 32, light and colours,
ii. 1 17, which shew best by candle light, ii. 345
Colours in birds and beasts, i. 246, the nature of colours, i. 287.
Colours orient in dissolved metals, i. 350
Colours of good and evil, ii. 231, $c.
Collhurst's case, iv. 250
Columbus, Christopher, his discovery of America, v. 149
Colurnbus's offer to Henry VII. relating to the Indies, iv. 340
Combats of two sorts seem to have been looked upon as authorised,
iv. 406, by way of judicial trial of right, by whom introduced, ibid.
Comets rather gazed upon than wisely observed, ii. 389
Comforting the spirits of men by several things, i. 500
Commendams, vi. 173, letter to the king about them, v. 412, some
proceedings therein give offence to the king, v. 417, king denied
to have a power of granting them, v. 422, judges proceed therein
without the king's leave, v. 424, 425, the king writes to them upon
it, v. 426, he charges them with several faults therein, v. 428,
the judges submit, v, 430, and Commendams are allowed to be in
the king's power, v. 433, 434
Commineus, Philip, his observation of Charles the hardy, ii 72
Commissioners for plantation of Ireland how to act,' iii. 223, fyc.

bee Ireland.

Commissions for examinations of witnesses, iv. 519, for charitable

uses, iv. 524, suits thereupon how to proceed, ibid, of sewers,

ibid, of delegates, when to be awarded, ibid.

Committees for ripening of business in affairs of state, ii. 304

Common law, what method to be observed in the digesting of it,

iv. 370, what points chiefly to be minded in the reduction of it,

iv. 370, 371

Common people, state of them in queen Elizabeth's time, iii. 69

Common pleas, court of, erected in Henry Ill's time, iv. 91, 92,

it's institution and design, ibid, its jurisdiction, iv. 507

Common voucher, who he is, and in what cases made use of, iv. 118

INDEX.

Comparison between Philip of Macedon, and the king of Spain,

iii: 76

Compositio et mistio, the difference naturalists make between them,

iii. 261

Composts to enrich ground, i. 44-5, the ordering of them for several
grounds, ibid, et seq. six kinds of them, ibid. Vide ii. 11 1, 1 14
Compound fruits, how they may be made, i. 410

Compression in solid bodies, cause of all violent motion, i. 248, not
hitherto inquired, ibid, worketh first in round, then in progress,
ibid, easily discernible in liquors, in solid bodies not, ibid. Com-
pression in a brittle body, i. 248. in powder, in shot, ibid. Com-
pression of liquors, ir?29
Compton, Spencer, lord, vi. 2*3
Concoction, what, ii. 14, not the work of heat alone, ibid, its pe-
riods, ibid.
Concords in music, i. 296
Concord final upon any writ of covenant, iv. 143
Concretion of bodies dissolved by the contrary, ii. 17
Condensing medicines to relieve the spirits, i. 500
Condensing of air into weight, i. 502, 503
Condition, its significancy in statute of uses, iv. 194
Confederates, their great importance to any state, iii. 531, 532
Confederation, tacit, iii. 490, 491
Conference between the lords and commons upon petitioning the
king to treat of a composition for wards and tenures, iii. 359
Confession of faith, ii. 481
Confirmation, whether we are not in our church mistaken about it,
in the time of using it, ii. 53 1
Confusion makes things appear greater, ii. 237
Concealing of air of great consequence, i. 377
Conjuration, how to be punished, iv. 386
Conquerors grow superstitious and melancholy, when, i. 376, 377
Conquest, distinction between conquest and descent in the case of
naturalization confuted, iv. 340, subjects gained thereby are
esteemed naturalized, iv. 341
Conquest, the inconveniences of that claim in the person of Henry
VII. v.8
Consalvo, ii. 429, his saying of honour, ii. 387, iv. 408
Conscience, how persons are to be treated in religious matters upon
pretence thereof, iii. 72
Conservation of bodies long time, i. 513, the causes and helps
thereof, i. 5 1 4
Conservation of bodies in quicksilver, i. 524
Conservators of the peace, their origin, office, and continuance
thereof, iv. 88, who are such by office, ibid, were succeeded by
justices of the peace, ibid.
Conservatory of snow and ice, i. 278, great uses to be made thereof in
philosophy, ibid, and likewise in profit, i.283
Comiliariiinati, who, iii. 445
Consistencies of bodies how divers, ii. 15
Consistory of Rome, whereof it consists, ii.533, performs all eccle-
siastical jurisdiction, ibid.

I N D E X.

Conspiracies against princes, the peculiar hainousness of them, ir.
4-4-2, are condemned by the law of nations, iii. 40

Constable, his office, iv. 84, was settled by William the Conqueror,
iv. 83, twa high constables appointed for every hundred by the
sheriif, iv. 81, a petty one appointed for every village, ibid, the
original of their authority very dark, iv. 309. original of their
office still more obscure, ibid, whether the high constable was ab
ori<*ine, ibid, by whom elected, and where, iv. 310, of what con-
ditura they ought to be in estate, iv. 311, their office, ibid, their
authority, iv. 312, et seq. their original power reducible to three
heads, iv. 31 1, by whom they are punishable, iv. 312, their oath,
iv. 314, their office summed up, iv. 315

Constantine the Great, what he said of Trajan, ii. 428, iv. 376, what
Pope Pius II. observed of his pretended grant of St. Peter's patri-
mony, ii. 432, what fatal to him, i. 298
Constantinople, i. 488, ii. 280
Constable, Sir John, vi. 243
Consumptions, i. 266, 274, in what airs recovered, ii. 54
Contempt causes and gives an edge to anger, ii. 387
Contempts of our church and service, how punishable, iv. 385
Contiguous things, or such once, their operation, ii. 49
Continuity, solution of it, causes putrefaction, i. 365
Contract, the difference of dissolving a contract, and making a lease
of the thing contracted for, iv. 65
Contraction of bodies in bulk, by mixing solids and fluids, i. 261,
of the eye, ii. 31
Controversies are no ill sign in a church, ii. 500, college for controver-
sies proposed, iii. 394, are to be expected, ii. 500, those of the
church of England not about great matters, ii. 501, by what means
they are easily prevented, ibid, are carried on amongst us with
great indecency, ii. 505, five points wherein both the controvert-
ing parties are to blame in these matters, ii. 506, the occasions
of them, ibid, their progress, ii. 513, they grow about the form of
church government, ibid- unbrotherly proceedings on both sides
in these controversies, ii. 516, should not be discussed before the
people, ii. 521, few are qualified enough to judge of them impar-
tially, ii. 524, 525
Conversation, some observations relating thereto, ii. 472
Converts to the reformed religion, a proposal for making a recepta-
cle to encourage them, iii. 394
Conveyance, property of land gained thereby in estates in fee, in
tail, for life, for years, iv. 1 1 1, 1 12, of lands is made six ways ;
by feoffment, by fine, by recovery, by use, by covenant, by will,
iv. 117, these ways are all explained, ibid. fyc. by Way of use,
ought to be construed favourably, " iv. 252
Conway, secretary, letter to him from lord viscount St. Alban,
vi. 341, kind to lord viscount St. Alban, vi. 34-5, letter to him
from that lord, ibid, wishes that lord well, vi. 37 I
Copies in chancery, ho\v to be regulated, iv. 519
Copper-mines, case relating to them determined by recorda and pre-
cedents, iv. 505
Coppice-woods hastened in their growth, i. 39i

INDEX.

Copy-holders, their original, with several other things relating (o

them, iv. 107

Coral participates of the nature of plants and metals, i. 45O, Coral

much found on the south-west of Sicily, i. 517, its description,

518. Coral said to wax pale when the party wearing it is ill, ii. 66

Coranus, ii. 430

Cordes, lord, would lie in hell seven years to win Calais from the

English, v. 67, appointed to manage the treaty, v. 88

Cordials, ii. 217, 218

Core in fruits, want of it how obtained, i. 4-26

Corn changed by sowing often in the same ground, i. 425, changed

into a baser kind by the sterility of the year, ibid, the diseases

thereof, i. 469, 470, their remedy, 470, choice of the best corn,

ibid.

Corns, why most painful towards rain or frost, ii. 8

Cornish insurrection, v, 130

Coronation of our kings, where to be held after the union of England

and Scotland, iii. 274

Coroners, their office, iv. 318, how they came to be called so, ibid.

by whom they are chosen, ibid.

Corporations, excluded from trust by statute of uses, iv. 189, 190,

of the crown differ from all others, iv. 348

Corruption and generation, nature's two boundaries, i. 364

Corruption to be avoided in suitors as well as ministers ii. 277

Cosmetics, i. 118

Cosmography, i. 108

Cosmus, duke of Florence, says, we no where read that we are to

forgive our friends, ii. 261, 262, temperate in youth, ii. 355

Cottington, Sir Francis, letter to him from lord viscount St Alban,

vi. 339, 348

Cotton, Sir John, vi. 188, 190, 192

Cotton, Sir Robert, backward in furnishing lord Bacon with mate-
rials for his life of king Henry VIII. vi. 353
Cotton, Sir Rowland, vi. 197, and note (b)
Cotton, Mr. imprisoned on suspicion of being author of a libel
against king James I. vi. 73, note (a)
Covenant, a manner of conveyance, iv. 1 20. how it is effected,

ibid.

Coventry, Sir Thomas, his character by Sir Francis Bacon, vi. 131,
did his part well in the prosecution of the earl of Suffolk, vi. 227,
ordered to come well prepared for the king, vi. 255, ordered to
prepare a book for the king's signature, vi. 269, made attorney-
general, vi, 270, his letter to the lord viscount St. Alban just be-
fore he was made lord-keeper of the great seal, vi. 381
Covin, how made and discharged, iv. 168
Councils of state, how to be ordered after the union of England and
Scotland, iii. 279, one to be erected at Carlisle or Berwick upon
the union, with the extent of its jurisdiction, iii. 270, 271, in
Ireland, whether they should be reduced or not, v. 440
Counsel, to give it, is the greatest trust between man and man,

ii. 300

INDEX.

Counsel to be asked of both times, ancient and present, ii. 27 6>

277

Counsel, ii. 300, for the persons and the matter, ii. 301, inconve-
niencies attending it, ibid. Counsel of manners and business,
ii. 319, scattered Counsels distract and mislead, ibid. Vide ii. 322
Countenance greatly to be guarded in secrecy, ii. 265

Counties, the division of England into them, iv. 85, lords set over
each, and their authority, ibid, this authority given afterwards to
the sheriff, iv. 86. County-court held by the sheriff monthly, ibid,
this dealt only in crown matters, iv. 91, its jurisdiction, 93

Court-barons, their original and use, iv. 108

Court-rolls, their examination to be referred to two masters in chan-
cery, iv. 517
Court of Vulcan, near Puteoli, i. 519, Courts obnoxious, ii. 385
Courts of justice how to be ordered after the union of England and
Scotland, iii. 282, 283
Courts of justice, an account of them, v. 54
Courtney, Edward, made earl of Devon at the coronation of Henry
VII. v. 12
Courtney, William, earl of Devon, married to Catharine, daughter
of Ed ward IV. v. 169. attached by the king his brother-in-law,

ibid.

Cox, Sir Richard, vi. 77, and note (a)

Crafty cowards like the arrow flying in the dark, ii. 261

Cramp, its cause and cure, ii. 67

Cranfield, Sir Lionel, some account of him, v. 488, vi. 175, 179, 180,
made lord treasurer, vi. 314

Crassus wept tor the death of a fish, ii. 44-1, defeats the fugitives,
ii. 445, defeated by the Parthians, ii. 451

Creatures said to be bred of putrefaction, i. 365, i. 426, 480.
Creatures moving after the severing of the head, the causes thereof
i. 389, 390, 483. Creatures that sleep much eat little, i. 482. Crea-
tures that generate at certain seasons, i. 507, that renew their
youth, or cast their spoils, ii, 68

Crew, Sir Randolph, vi, 97, 223

Croesus's gold liable to be rifled by any man who had better iron,

ii, 324, 442

Crollius, his dispensatory, ii.76

Cromwell, lord, his examination relating to lord Essex's treason,

iii. 203

Crook, Sir John, some account of him, v. 340

Crowd is not company, ii. 314

Crown, the title to it descanted upon, v. 7

Crown of England, goes by descent, iv. 351, ceremonial of it, how

to be framed after the union of England and Scotland, iii. 274

Crudity explained, ii. 14

Crystal in caves, i. 377, designation of a trial for making of it out of

congealed water, ibid, how made use of in Paris-work, ii. 66,

formed out of water, ii. 207

Cucumbers made to grow sooner, i. 403, to bear two years, ibid.

by steeping their seeds in milk prove more dainty, i. 406, made

more delicate by throwing in chaff when they are set, ibid, they

exceedingly affect moisture, ibid, will grow towards a pot of water.

INDEX.

ibid, may be as long as a cane, or moulded into any figure, i. 419
CufFe, Henry, his remark on lord Bacon's Novum Organum, vi. 252
Cuffe, is employed by lord Essex in his treasons, and in what man-
ner, iii. 152, 153, his character, ibid, the effect of what passed
at hi* arraignment, iii. 179

Culture, plants for want of it degenerate, i. 424

Cunning, ii. 305, 306, 307, difference between a cunning and wise
man in honesty and ability, ii. 305

Cure by custom, i. 273, caution to be used in diseases counted in-
curable, ibid. Cure by excess, i. 274, its cause, ibid. Cure by
motion of consent, ibid, physicians how to make use of this
motion, ibid.

Curiality, the king master of this as master of his family, iii. 462

Curiosities touching plants, i. 419, etseq.

Curled leaves in plants, whence, i. 463

Curson, Sir Robert, governor of the castle of Hammies, v. 169,
flies from his charge in order to betray or get into the secrets of the
mal-contents, ibid, occasions the spilling of much blood, and the
confinement of many, ibid, but is cursed by the pope's bull at
Paul's cross, in order to deceive the more effectually, v. 170

Custom familiarizes poisons, infections, tortures, and excesses,
i. 273. Custom no small matter, ii. 413. Custom subdues nature,
ii. 347. Custom and education, ii. 348. Custom in its exaltation,

ii. 350

Customs of towns, are by our laws to be construed strictly, with

the reasons of this, iv. 345, they are the laws in Tourain, Anjou,

%c. iii. 312

Cutting trees often causeth their long lasting, i. 441. Cuttings of

vines burnt make lands fruitful, i. 468

Cuttle's blood, the colour from its high concoction, i. 502, as we see

by boiling of blood, which turns it black, ibid.

Cyprus, a kind of iron said to grow there, i. 524-

Cyrus the younger, ii. 449

D.

DAISY-ROOTS boiled in milk said to make dogs little, i. 372
Dallington, Robert, vi. 248

Dam, how surprised by the duke of Saxony. v. 83

Damages, an argument of property, iv. 219, in what cases they are to

be recovered by a lessee, iv. 218

Damask roses when they first came into England, i. 466

Damps in mines and minerals, kill by suffocation, or the poisonous

mineral, ii. 5 1

Dancing to song, ii. 345

Dangers not light, if they seem so, ii. 305, whether they justify

war, iii. 500

D'Aquila the Spaniard, his indignation against the Irish, • iii. 507
Darcy, lord, of the North ; his cause in the star-chamber against

Gervase Markham, Esq. iii. 1 32

Darcy's case, iii. 399, 400, 402

INDEX.

Daubeney, or D'aubigney, Sir Giles, created lord, v. 16, deputy of
Calais, raises the siege of Dixmude, v. 66, appointed to treat
with lord Cordes about peace, v. 89, made lord chamberlain in
the room of Sir William Stanley, v. 109, commands the king's forces
against the Cornish men, v. 131,135, taken, but rescued, v. 135
Daubigny, Bernard, v. 43

Daubigny, William, beheaded in Perkins's affair, v. 105

Davers, the effect of what passed at his arraignment, iii. 179, his
confessions relating to lord Essex's treason, iii. 193

David, how he propounded to make choice of his courtiers, iii. 463
Davis, the effect of what passed at his arraignment, iii. 179, his con-
fession relating to lord Essex's treason, iii. 193
Davies, chief justice of the king's bench, v. 278, vi. 226
Day showers not so good for fruits as night showers, i. 467
Dead sea abounds with bitumen, i. 515
Deans and chapters, what authority they once had, and how it came
to be lost, ii. 532
Death without pain, i. 461, the pomp of it more terrible than the
thing itself, ii. 255, opens the gate to fame, ii. 256, in causes of
life and Death, judges ought to remember mercy, ii. 384, Dead
authors sometimes best, iii. 466
Death, an essay thereon, ii. 473, ought to be esteemed the least of
all evils, ibid, most people dread it, ii. 474, is desirable, ibid,
is most disagreeable -to aldermen and citizens, ii. 476, dreadful
to usurers, ii. 477, to whom it is welcome, ibid, .we generally-
daily with ourselves too much about it, ibid, is made easy by the
thoughts of leaving a good name behind us, ii. 478, desirable be-
fore old age comes upon us, ibid.
Debts, what sort of them must be first discharged by executors,

iv. {29

Decemvirs, an account of their laws, iv. 377

Declarations, the opinion of the law about them, iv. 53, of the lord

keeper and earl of Worcester, tyc. relating to lord Essex's treason,

iv, 197

Decoction takes away the virtue and flatulency of medicines, i. 251,
264. Decoction maketh liquors clearer, infusion thicker, why,

i. 357

Decrees, none are to be reversed or explained but upon a bill of re-
view, except in case of miscasting, iv. 509, none are to be made
against an express act of parliament, iv. 5 10, a person is to suffer close
imprisonment for the breach of one, or for contempt of it, ibid,
cases wherein they are binding, or not so, iv. 511, after judgment
in chancery, their effect, iv. 5 1 5

Deer, in them the young horn putteth off the old, ii. 499. Deer, their
generating at certain seasons, i. 507

Defendant, not to be examined upon interrogatories, unless in some
cases, iv. 520

Deformed persons generally even with nature, ii, 358, mostly bold
and industrious, • ibid.

Degenerating of plants, its causes, i, 424, 425

Delays to be avoided, ii. 277. Delays, ii. 304

Delays of the Spaniards, what owing to, iii. 335

VOL. VI. G G

INDEX.

Delegates to be named by the chancellor himself, iv. 97, 98

Delicate persons often angry, as anger proceeds from a sense of

hurt, ii. 387

Demades, the orator, ii. 440

Demetrius, king of Macedon, ii. 451

Democritus,his motus plagce, i. 253,290, 291, the relation how he kept

himself alive by smelling at new bread, ii. 54, his school, ii. 290

Demosthenes, his reply when reproached for flying from the battle,

ii; 415, his reply to ^Eschines, ii. 440. Vide ii. 452
Demosthenes, his advice to the Athenians in giving their votes,

iii. 290

Demosthenes, his chief part of an orator, ii. 278, how he repre-
hends the Athenians, ii, 243, reprehends the people for listening
to the unequal conditions of Philip, ii. 246, exposes to scorn wars
which are not preventive, iii. 506

Demosthenes, his violent death, iii. 463

Demurrers, what is their proper matter, iv. 518

Denham, Sir John, commended, iv. 504, is made baron of the ex-
chequer, ibid, advice to him thereupon, ibid, one of the lords
justices in Ireland, vi. 143

Denizen, what this word properly signifies, iv. 327, is often con-
founded with natural born subject, ibid, who is so, and how
he is considered by our laws, iv. 328, is made by the king's char-
ter, iv. 329
Dennis, Gabriel, vi. 218
Denmark, its state considered, iii. 56
Density of the body, one cause of cold, i. 278
Deodand, what it Is, iv. 83, to whom disposed of by the king, ibid.
Depositions taken in any other court, are not to be read in chancery
but by special order, iv. 520
Deputies, in what sort of cases never allowed, ii. 533, 334
Descent, property of lands gained thereby, iv. 99, three rules to
be observed therein, ibid, is restrained by certain customs, iv. 100
this concerns fee-simple estates only, ibid.
Desiccation, i. 367
Desmond, countess of, who lived till she was sevenscore, said to
have new teeth. i. 506
Dew upon hills better than upon vallies, i. 518, Dew of the rain-
bow, i». 9
Diamond, Cornish, i. 246
Diana, how patiently the boys of Sparta suffered on her altar, ii. 349
Diapason the sweetest of sounds, i. 295, the Diapason, or number
of eight, rather a thing received than a true computation, ibid,
half notes of necessity, the unison and the Diapason, ibid.
Diet-drinks, most troublesome at first, i. 277
Diet of a woman with child, affects the infant, ii. 69, what Diet is
good, ii.225
Differences of plants, i. 443. Differences of several passions in
matter, ii. 18, 19, 20
Digby, Sir John, lieutenant of the Tower, v. 153
Digby, Sir John, vi. 89, 90, 118, additional instructions to him,
vi, 138, appointed to speak with the countess of Exeter, vi. 233,
letter to him from lord viscount St. Alban, vi. 29tf

INDEX.

Digby, Thomas, vi. 225

Digest of the laws of England, proposed to king James I. iv. 375
Digestions three, ii 11, extended to liquors and fruits, as well as

living creatures, ii. 14, four digestions enumerated, ibid.

Digging of the earth healthful, ii. 52

Diggs's case, iv. 250

Dilatation and extension of bodies, ii. 17

Dilatation in boiling, ii. 25, Dilatation and contraction in excess hurts

the eye, ii. 3 1

Dioclesian, ii.296

Diogenes, ii. 435, why he would be buried with his face downwards,

ii. 437, Plato's reason why he came into the market-place naked

on a cold morning, ii. 438, his pride chastised by Plato, ii. 400.

Vide ii. 452

Dionysius, his rebuke to his son, ii. 414, being deposed he kept a

school at Corinth, ii. 438

Discipline of our church, iii. 435

Discipline, the opinion that there should be but one form thereof in the

churcii, censured, ii. 529, this hinders reformation in religion,

ii. 530

Discontents, their cause and cure, ii. 286

Discontinuance, how avoided in fluids, i. 253

Discords in music, i. 296. Discord of the base, most disturbeth the

music, ibid.

Discovery of persons, how made, ii. 370

Discourse, whether wit or judgment the greater ornament, of it,

ii. 333, of a man's self should be seldom and well chosen, ii. 334
Diseases contrary to predisposition, whether more difficult to be cured

than concurrent, i. 275, what the physician is to do in such

cases, ibid. Diseases infectious, i. 352, Diseases epidemical, their

causes, i. 384

Dismissions from chancery how to be regularly obtained, iv. 51 1
Dispatch, ii. 311, affected dispatch like hasty digestion, ibid, order

and distribution the life of it, ii. 312. Dispatch in business,

iii. 433, 434.

Displacing courtiers should always proceed from manifest cause,

iii. 463

Displeasures and pleasures of the senses, i. 484-

Displeasure slight, its effects, i. 492

Dispossessed, whether he may make a war for recovery, iii. 501
Disseisin, how inheritance is gained thereby, iv. 98

Dissenters how used by the clergy, ii. 516, their conduct condemned

in several particulars, ii. 520, their preaching, with several of

their opinions censured, ii. 521, a saying upon them, ii. 530

Dissimulation, ii. 263. Vide Simulation.

Dissolution of bodies from desiccation and putrefaction, i. 364, 365
Dissolution of metals, ii. 205

Distilled waters last longer than raw, . . i. 369

Distilled water from salt, wormwood, lose their saltness and bitter,

Sfc. ii. 35

Distribution and order the life of business and dispatch, ii. 312

Distringas, a writ so called, in what cases to be executed, iv. 96

Divination natural, ii. 1

Dixmude, v. 66

G G 2

INDEX:

Dodderidge, Sir John, some account of him, v, 339, vi. 189

Dogs, how made little, i. 372, 373, biting in anger a stone thrown

at him communicates a choleric quality to the powder of it, ii. 69.

Dogs know the Dog-killer, though they never saw him before,

ii. 71

Dolabella, ii. 433

Dominion how founded, iii. 485

Domitian the younger son of Vespasian, ii. 433, tyrannical, ii. 442,
what he excelled in, ii. 296

Domitian, a dream of his just before his death, iv. 375

Domitius, ii. 441

Dorset, marquis, hostage for Henry VII. v. 16, committed to the
Tower, v. 30, released, v. 35

Double flowers, how to produce them, i. 423

Doubts about our laws, a good rule in any such cases, iv. 366

Dower, tenant in dower, how much favoured by our laws, iv. 186
Douglas, Sir Robert, vi.248

Down upon the leaves of plants, i. 435, the virtue of those leaves,

ibid.

D'Oyley, Robert, vi. 246

Draining salt water by descent doth not make it fresh, i. 245, of lands
under water would make excellent pasture, i. 454.

Drake, Sir Francis, his prosperous expeditions into the West Indie?,
iii. 516, burns, sinks, and carries off ten thousand ton of their
great shipping, iii. 517, his death, iii. 527

Dramatical poetry, i. 91

Dreams pleasant and prophetical, procured by some smells, ii. 54,
several remarkable dreams, ii. 341, 342, 343

Drinks, the maturation of them how wrought, i. 358, wherein it
differs from clarification, i. 355, degrees of maturation by inforcing
the motion of the spirits, i. 358, quickening of drink that is dead
or palled, i. 357, ripened by being immerged in the sea, i. 473
Drowning of metals, the baser in the more precious, i. 525, the me-
thods to perform the operation, ii. 1.90,191
Drums, cause of sound in them, i. 309
Drunken men, their sperm unfruitful, i. 495, they are unapt for vo-
luntary motion, ibid, imagine false things as to the eye, ibid,
men sooner drunk with small draughts than with great, i. 496
Drunkenness, i. 495
Drying the adventitious moisture prohibiteth putrefaction, i. 369,
mixture of dry things prohibit it, i. 370
Dryness turneth hair and feathers gray and white, ii. 22
Ductile bodies, ii. 18
Dudley, v. 166, made speaker of the house of commons, v. 170.

See Empson.

Duels, a charge concerning them, iv. 399, how they affront our
laws, ibid, the danger and mischief of them, iv. 400, causes of
this evil, and how it is nourished, iv. 401, 402, some remedies
proposed of this mischief, iv. 402, 403, 404, edict of Charles IX.
of France concerning them ; with the strict proceedings in
France against them, iv. 403, 404, our laws thought erroneous,
in two points relating to them, ibid* are condemned in all civilized

INDEX.

states, iv. 405, never practised by the Romans, ibid, are con-
demned by the Turks, iv. 406, in what cases our author is resolved
to prosecute offences herein, iv. 409, decree of the star-chamber
relating to them, iv. 41 1, are contrary to the oath of every subject
to the king, iv. 417, a letter against them, ' v. 459

Dulcorarion of metals, i. 374, of several things, as malt, &c. i. 4o2,
463, of fruits several ways, ii. 26, the causes thereof, ibid. Dul-
coraiion of salt-water, ii. 35

Dunging of grounds, the properest time for it, i. 44.5

Dungs of beasts to enrich grounds, i. 4-45, which of them the best,

ibid.

Duration of plants, i. 440, 441

Dust maketh trees fruitful, as vines, &c. i. 463

Dutch, proposal of hindering their going out of the kingdom, ii.463,
account of their proceedings against them, v. 519

Dutch, not to be abandoned for our safety, nor kept for our profit,

ii. 463
Dutch merchants prosecuted for exporting gold and silver coin,

vi. 214, 226, 230, 239, 2-1-0

Dutchman, his project for making gold, i. 362

Dutchy of Lancaster, iii. 441

Duty of a privy-counsellor, iii. 41-5, 446

Dwarfing of trees, i. 428, Dwarf-trees proceed from slips, i. 429
Dwarf-oak, or holy-oak, in Cephalonia, ii. 37

Dwarf-pine good for the jaundice, i. 478

Dyer, Sir Edward, ii. 431, vi. 178

Dyers, some proposals relating to the new company of them, v. 363,
letter to king James against this company, v. 369, advice to the
king about them, v. 383

E.

EAR erected to hear attentively, i. 342. Ear dangerous to be
picked in yawning, i. 475

Ears-wax red in blushing, ii. 32

Early flowers and plants, i. 438

Earth and sand differ, i. 245. Earth pritmnn fri'jidum, i. 278, infu-
sions in earth, the effects thereof, i. 382, cautions to be used there-
in, ibid, several instances thereof, i. 382, 383. Earth taken out of
the vaults will put forth herbs, i. 435, the nature of those herbs, ibid,
what earth taken out of shady and watery woods will put forth,
i. 436, Earth upon earth a good compost, i. 415. Earths good
and bad, i. 467, 468, large clods, and putting forth moss, bad,
ibid. Earths medicinal, i. 486. Earth taken near the river
Nilus, said to increase in weight till the river comes to it* height,
i. 502, 503, new turned up hath a sweet scent, ii. 10, pure, the
healthtuUest smell of all, ii. 52, fruitful, ii. 113

Ebbing and Sowing of the sea, the cause of it, according to Galilasus,
j. 522, by Apollonius called the respiration of the world, ii. 43

INDEX.

Echoes, a repercussion only, i. 304. Echo of an echo, i. 3 37, artifi-
cial echoes not known, ibid, natural echoes, where found, ibid,
the differences between the concurrent echo and iterant, ibid, no
echo from a trunk stopped at one end, why, i. 337,338. Echo
from within a well, ibid, whether echoes move in the same angle
with the original sounds, ibid, plurality of echoes in one place,
ibid, back echoes, ibid. Echoes returning many words, i. 31' 9,
Echo upon Echo, ibid, Echo will not return the letter S, when it
begins a word, why, i. 340, difference of echoes, ibid, mixture of
echoes, ibid, resemble the ear, i. 342, and have a resemblance
of hearing, i. 347, super-reflection of echoes, i. 598

Edgar made a collection of the laws of England, iv. 378

Edgecomb, Sir Richard, comptroller of the king's house, sent into
Scotland, v. 36

Edible flesh, and not edible, ii. 26, the causes of each, ii. 27

Edmondes, Sir Thomas, recommended by the lord keeper Bacon to
his neice for an husband, vi. 1 47

Edmund, earl of Richmond, father of Henry VII, v. 192

Edward I. commended for his excellent laws, iv. 6, his design
of conquering Scotland, iii. 299, is wounded by a votary of a Sa-
racen prince treacherously, iv. 445, his answer to the commons
petitioning him for a redress from the subjects of Flanders, iii. 341,
his reign accounted prosperous, iii. 48

Edward II. is murdered in Berkeley-castle by rebels, ii. 453, his
deposition and murder owing to his queen, ii. 298.

Edward III. his answers to the commons relating to matters of peace
and war, iii. 341, he rejects the petition of the* commons to make
the Black Prince prince of Wales, and afterwards makes him so of
his own mere motion, iii. 346, the troubles of his reign, iij. 49
Edward IV. ii. 357, the trains and mines laid for him by the duke of
Gloucester, v. 6, his interview and treaty of peace with Lewis
XI. v. 6, touched with remorse for the death of his brother, the
duke of Clarence, v. 21, first devised the tax called benevolence,

v. si

Effiat, Monsieur d', letter to him from the lord viscount St. Alban,

vi. 384

Egerton, master of the rolls and lord keeper, ii. 426

Eggs, the yolks of them great nourishers, ii. 268, how to be used,
ii. 269, yolk conduceth more to the nourishment, white to the ge-
neration, of the bird, ii. 288, hatched in an oven, ii. 25. Egg pe-
trified, ii. 207, white of an egg long lying in the sun said to turn
to stone, ibid.

Egremond, made leader of the Yorkshire riot against the subsidy,
v. 57, flies to lady Margaret into Flanders, , v. 58

Egerton, Sir Thomas, lord keeper of the great seal, letter to him
from Mr. Francis Bacon, vi. 41, twice lord high steward, vi. 104,
employed in the inquiry into the death of Sir Thomas Overbury,
vi. 109, joint letter of him and Sir Francis Bacon concerning the
lord chief justice Coke, vi, 124, 127, dies, vi. 135, note (g)

Egerton, Sir Rowland and Mr. Edward, their cause in chancery,

vi. 173, ISfj

Eight, the sweetest concord in music, i. %295, though it is a received
rather than a true computation, ibid.

INDEX.

Elder-flowers good for the stone, i. 473

Elder-stick put to consume taketh away warts, ii. 75

Elections for parliaments, advice to the subjects thereupon, v. 54-0
Electre of silver, ii. 196

Electric bodies, ii. 47

Electrum, antient, its proportion of silver and gold, i. 525

Elegant sentences of our author, i. 465

Elements and their conjugations ruinous to knowledge, ii. 12

Elision of the air a term of ignorance, i. 303

Elizabeth, eldest sister to Edward IV. v. 27, 161, married for her
second husband John de la Pool duke of Suffolk, v. 161

Elizabeth, queen dowager of Edward IV. v. 9, cloistered in the
nunnery of Bermondsey, v. 22, forfeits all her lands and goods,
v. 24-, her great variety of fortune, v. 25, 26, dies in the cloister,
v. 26, has burial with her husband* at Windsor, ibid, founds
Queen's College in Cambridge, ibid.

Elizabeth, lady, v. 9, not mentioned in the claim of Henry VII,
ibid, repairs to London, by direction, to the queen dowager her
mother, ibid, married to Henry VII. v. 25, crowned at West-
minster to give contentment to the people, v. 35, in the third year
of the king's reign, ibid, dies in childbed at the tower, v. 166

Elizabeth, queen, her life attempted by several votaries of the Romish
church, iv. 422, her conduct commended, iii. 234-, 235, her fair
treatment of the king of Spain, iii. 41, is conspired against and
libelled by the Spanish direction, iii. 41, 42, the prosperous con-
dition of England under her reign, iii. 47, her reign compared
with other princes, iii. 48, 49, the remarkable length of her reign,
iii. 50, the nation had great health and plenty in her time, iii.
50, 52, reformation of religion was settled by her, iii. 53, 54,
she is excommunicated by the pope, iii. 73, an account of the
justness of her proceedings with Spain, upon the defection of the
Low Countries, iii. 84, refuses the inheritance of the United Pro-
vinces, iii. 85, 87, a treaty of marriage between her and the duke
of Anjou, very forward, iii. 90, is charged with setting up her
image at Ludgate to be worshipped, iii. 101, 102, is accused of a
design of making illegitimate offspring of her own king, ibid, a
design of poisoning her by Lopez, iii. 105, the reasons given for
the poisoning of her, iii. 107, HO, allots stipends for preachers in
Lancashire, ii, 548, the design of poisoning her discovered, iii.
116, she seems inclined to receive lord Essex again into favour,

iii. 227

Elizabeth, queen, a discourse in her praise, iii. 22, petitioned to re-
Jease the four evangelists, being prisoners, ii. 401, her speech
about the archduke's raising the siege of Grave, ii. 403, said, she
had rather be dead than put in custody, ii. 4Q4, her remarks
upon sales, and instructions to great officers, ii. 405, retorted up-
on, that a man thinks of nothing when he thinks of a woman's pro-
mise, ii.. 460, has great regard to personage, ibid, a princess of
extreme caution, v. 198, yet -loved admiration above safety, ibid,
carried a hand restrained in gifts, but strained in prerogative,
v. 199, had not a numerous but wise council, iii. 445

Elizabeth, princess, eldest daughter of king James, some account of
her, v.587

INDEX.

Ellesmere, lord chancellor, ii. 4.52

Ellesmere, lord chancellor, his relation to the king about Coke's re-
ports, v. 473, his exceptions to Sir Edward Coke's reports, and Sir
Edward's answers, vi. 397, his letter to king James about that
matter, ibid.

Elm grafted, i. 405

Ely, isle of, questions to the chief justice of the king's bench about it,
vi. 399, answers to these questions, vi. 400

Embalming of dead bodies, i. 369

Embassies, how managed by queen Elizabeth, iii. 447, 449

Ember-weeks, how observed formerly, ii. 544

Emissions of several kinds, ii. 46, 49

Emmanuel Comnenus poisoned the water when the Christians were
to pass through his country to the holy land, ii. 50

Empedocles the Sicilian, ii. 314

Empire, its true temper, ii. 296, 297, states liberal of naturaliza-
tion fit for empire, ii. 326, what most importeth empire,

ii. 327, 328

Employments, how an union in them desirable in kingdoms, iii, 265
Empson, the son of a sieve-maker, v. 166, his method of extortion
in conjunction with Dudley, v. 166, 167, 168, his book of ac-
counts signed by the king, v. 168, 169
Empty coffers in a prince make the people forget their duty, iii. 464
Enclosures, when frequent, and how guarded against, v. 61
Enemies, common enemies of mankind, iii. 491
Enforcing a thought upon another, ii. 58, instance thereof in a jug-
ler's tricks, ii. 59, three means by which it must be wrought,

ii. 60

Enginery, i. 108

pngland, arguments to prove that it is not well enough peopled,
iii. 295, was it never severed after it was united, iii. 304, its
safety and greatness if united with Scotland, iii. 306, the external
points wherein it stands separated and united with Scotland, iii.
274, the internal points, &c, iii. 277, what its 4name is to be
after the union with Scotland, iii. 275, in great danger from
Spain, iii. 236, &c. an inquiry into its condition under queen
Elizabeth, iii. 47, &c. the state of it compared with others
abroad, iii. 55, concerning its foreign enemies, iii. 61, its proceed-
ings towards the neighbouring states censured, with an account
pf those proceedings, iii. 77, 79, accused as the author of troubles
in Scotland and France, iii. 81, account of its proceedings with
Spain, iii. 84, solicits a renewal of treaties with Spain upon queen
Mary's death, with their answer, iii. 84, is ill used by the Spa-
niards, iii. 86, idly accused of confederating with the Turk, iii.
98, reasons to fear'it might become subject to France, iv. 334
England compared to France, though less in' -territory, ii. 325, com-
pared to Spain, iii. 528, compared to other states abroad,

iii. 55, 56, 57

English valour remarkable, iii. 522, 527

Englishman hurt in the leg hard to cure, i. 5 1 9

Englefeld, Sir Francis, his letter to the lord keeper Bacon, vi. 176,

fined for charging the lord keeper Williams with bribery, ibid,

INDEX.

note (a), his cause in chancery recommended by the marquis of
Buckingham, vi. 204,213

Entails of lands, how created, iv. 113, were so strengthened by a
statute of Edward I. as not to be forfeited by attainder, iv. 1 14,
the great inconvenience of this statute to the crown, ibid, these
mischiefs prevented by later acts of parliament, iv. i 14. some pri-
vileges still remaining to estates in tail, iv. 1 15
Entry, a particular case how a property in lands may be gained by
it, iv. 100
Envious and froward men not like dogs licking the sores, but like
flies and vermin, ii. 281
Envy, how most forcible in an oblique cast, ii. 57, Envy most pre-
dominant in a man that hath no virtue, ii. 269, who are most
' exposed to this infirmity, ii. 270, public not so pernicious as pri-
vate envy, ii. 272, contracted by great mens followers, ii. 370,
371, the canker of honour, ii. 381
Epaminondas grants that to a whore which he refused to his friend,
ii. 416, 417, a long invective against him by the Lacedaemonians,
ii. 444, his fortune, ii, 351
Epictetus, ii. 281, his state of man, ii. 243
Epidemical diseases, i. 3S4
Epimenides, the Canadian, ii. 314
Episcopacy commended, ii. 531
Errhines draw phlegm and water from the head, i. 263
Error in law, and error in fact, what matters they constantly
concern, iv. 58
Escape of any person for treason is itself treason, iv. 389
Escheat, property in lands gained thereby two ways — by bastardy,
and by attainder of felony or treason, iv. 102, two things to be
noted in escheats — first, the tenure of the lands ; secondly, the
manner of such attainder as draweth with it the escheat, ibid.
Escheator, his office, and whence so called, iv. 317
Escuage, what it means, iv. 104, is clue to the king from tenants in
knight's service, ibid.
Esculent plants, i. 456, not esculent at al!, ibid.
Essays, civil and moral, ii. 253. See v. 324.

Essex, earl of, said to have but one enemy and one friend, ii. 405,
made twenty-four knights at the succour of Roan, ii. 407, 1m
famous expedition to Cadiz, iii. 523, his treaty with the Iiish re-
bels, , iii. 526
Essex, earl of, his kindness to Sir Francis Bacon, iii. 214, &c. gives
Bacon an estate, ibid. Sir Francis Bacon's advice to him about
the queen, iii. 215, is dissuaded from going to Ireland, iii. 217.
Mr. Bacon advises the queen to send for him from Ireland, iii.
218. Bacon speaks very favourably for him to the queen, iii. 219,
224, the queen resolves to proceed against him in the star-cham-
ber, iii. 224, the queen seems again well disposed towards him,
iii. 227. Bacon solicits for his being restored to his fortunes,
ibid, papers relating to his examination, &c. at that time were
suppressed by the queen's order, iii. 227, queen grows incensed
against him, iii. 230. Bacon's advice to him about his conduct,
y. 227, 233. Bacon advises him to take upon him the causes of

INDEX.

Ireland, v. 224, concerning his treaty with Tyrone, about the
Irish affairs, v. 246, advice to him about the Irish, and how he
ought to treat them, v. 248, a declaration of his treasons, iii. 136,
&c. highly favoured by the queen, iii. 138, his vast ambition,
ibid, desirous of the government of Ireland, iii. 140, his method
to persuade the queen to increase the army, ibid, makes wrong
proposals to the queen about methods of proceeding with the re-
bels, iii. 142, will have the power in himself of pardoning all trea-
sons, iii. 141, 142, will not be bound by the council of Ireland,
iii. 142, makes a fruitless journey to Munster, ibid, is for making
a peace with the rebels, iii. 143, secret correspondence between
him and Tyrone, ibid, several confessions against him, iii. 144,
his design of landing an Irish army at Milford-haven, iii. 148,
comes into England contrary to the queen's orders, iii. 150, pro-
mises Tyrone a restitution of all their lands to the rebels, iii. 150,
the queen's tender proceedings against him, iii. 121, 151, his de-
sign of seizing the queen's person, and the manner how, iii. 150,
156, 157, confers with several about the method of compassing
his designs at Drury-house, iii. 154, what his designs were, ibid,
is summoned to appear before the council, iii. 159, he has a de-
sign of attempting the city, iii. 160, suspects his treasons to 'be
discovered, iii. 159, pretends an ambuscade laid for him by Cob-
ham and Raleigh, iii. 160, draws together a tumultuous assembly
at Essex-house, iii. 160, four persons are sent to him from the
queen, with offers of justice, who are confined and rudely treated
by him, iii. 161, 162, goes into the city, but nobody there joins
with him, iii. 164, is declared a traitor in the city, iii. 165, he pre-
tends the kingdom was to be sold to the Infanta, ibid, the reason
of his saying so, with the foundation of this report, iii. 165, 174,
lie is blocked up by several persons in his own house, upon which
he surrenders himself, iii. 166, 167, makes three petitions to the
lord lieutenant, and then surrendering, is conveyed to the tower,
iii. 167, the effect of what passed at his trial, iii. 168, &c. the
charge against him, iii. 169, his defence, iii. 170, 171, the re-
ply to his defence, iii. 171, &c. is found guilty of treason, and
receives judgment, iii. 176, accuses Sir Henry Nevil, iii. 17S,
his execution and behaviour at it, iii. 178, 179, abstract of his
confession, under his own hand, iii. 209, his confession to some
clergymen, concerning the hainousness of his offence, iii. 2 1 0

Essex, earl of, his device exhibited before queen Elizabeth, vi. 22,
substance of a letter written to the queen for him by Mr. Francis
Bacon, vi. 43, his letter to Mr: Bacon, vi. 4, his letter to him
about speaking to queen Elizabeth in his behalf, vi 9, his>lwo
letters to Mr. Bacon, vi. 13, 14, his letter about a meeting with
him, vi. 17, his letter to him before his expedition to Cadiz,

vi. 39

Essex, earl of, Paeon's apology in relation to him, iii. 211, v. 257

Estates for years, how made, iv. 1 1 2. See Leases.

Estates in tail, how created, iv. 112, were not for fei table by any at-
tainder, ibid, impediments in a man's disposing of them, iv.182

Eternity divided into three portions of time, ii. 48S

Ethehvold, bishop of Winchester, his charity in the time of famine,

ii. 429

INDEX.

Ethics, i; 132, 16S

Ethics, not to give way to politics, iii. 50*

Ever-greens, their cause, i. 44:}

Evil, in it the best condition not to will, the next not to can, ii. 276
Eunuchs, dim-sighted, why, i. 478. Eunuchs envious, ii. 3a;j

Euphrates, the philosopher, ii. 449

Euripides, his saying of beautiful persons, • ii. 41.?

Europe, state of in 1580, iii. 3

Exactions, some complaints concerning them removed, iii. 7O

Examinations in chancery not to be made by interrogations, except
in special cases, iv. 519, 520, other cases relating to examina-
tion of witnesses, iv. 520
Example gives a quicker impression than argument, iii. 467
Excess in clothes and diet to be restrained, iii. 460, 461
Exchequer, how to be managed, iv. 504, 5().>
Excommunication by the pope, not lawful to kill princes thereupon,
iii. 441, thegreatest judgment on earth, ii. 545, never to be used
but in weighty matters, ii. 546, to be decreed by none but th«
bishop in person, assisted by other clergy, ibid, what to be used
ordinarily instead of it, ibid.
Excrements are putrefactions of nourishment, i. 480. Excrements
of living creatures smell ill, why, ii. 11, 12, of the three diges-
tions, ibid, why some smell well, ii. 11, most odious to a crea-
ture of the same kind, ii. 11,71, but less pernicious thari the cor-
ruption of it, ii. 7i
Excrescences of plants, i. 429, et seq. two trials for excrescences,
i. 434. Excrescences joined with putrefaction, as oak-apples,
&c. i. 435. Excrescences of roots, i. 458
Execution, the life of the laws, iii. 438
Executorship, how a property in goods is gained thereby, iv. 123,
of what extent it is, ibid, the office of an executor, ibid. &c, his
power before and after the probate of a will, ibid, how he may re-
fuse, ibid, what debts he is to pay, and in what order, iv. 129.
any single one may execute alone, iv. 1 SO
Exemplifications not to be made in many cases, iv. 525
Exercise, i. 353, in what bodies hurtful, ibid, much not to be
used with a spare diet, ibid, benefits of exercise, ibid,
evils of exercise, ibid. Exercise hindereth putrefaction, i. 368,
that exercise best where the limbs move more than the sto-
mach or belly, i. 499. Exercise impinguates not so much as
frictions, why, ii. 33, 34, no body, natural or politic, healthful
without it, ii, 328, manly exercises commended to the court,

ibid.

Exercise, a good sort of one recommended to divines in the country,

and in the universities, ii. 542, &c.

Exeter besieged by Perkin, prepares for a good defence, v. 14.»

Exeter, countess of, falsely accused by lady Lake and lady Roos,

vi. 223, note (6), her cause in the star-chamber, ibid, and vi. 23'2,

233

Exigent, a writ so called, what punishment follows it, iv. 109, &c.
Exile, cases relating thereto, with the proceedings in them,

. iv. 303
Exossation of fruits, ii. 24

INDEX.

Expect, blessings not expected increase the price and pleasure,

ii. 2 1-5

Expcnce, ii. 321, rules for the regulation of it, ibid.

Experiments for profit, ii. 212

Extortions, how to be punished, jv> 392

Eye of the understanding like the eye of the sense, i. 286. Eye

'thrust out of the head hanging only by the visual nerve, recovered

sight, i. 390. Eyes, why both move one way, ii. 30, sight,

why better one eye shut, ibid, some see one thing double, why,

ibid, pore-blind men see best near hand, why, ii. 30, 31, old

men at some distance, ii. 31. Eyes are offended by over great

lights, ibid, by interchange of light and darkness on the sudden,

ibid, by small print, ibid, wax red in anger, in blushing not, why,

ii. 32, the use of fixing them in business, ii. 369

F.

FABIUS MAXIMUS, ii. 444, was feared by Hannibal, ii. 445
Fable of Hercules and Hylas, L 312, of the fly, ii. 379, of the
frogs in drought, ii. 236

Facility in ministers, worse than bribery, ii. 277, to be guarded
against, ii. 377

Factions, those who are good in them mean men, ii. 375, to govern
them by low policy, ibid, when one is extinguished, the others
subdivide, ibid.

Factions ought to be depressed soon, iv. 500, a remedy proposed by
Cicero for preventing factious persons, ibid.

Faith, the absurdity of an implicit one, iv. 427, 428

Faithful men should be rewarded as well as regarded, iii. 453

Falkland, lord, vi. 297, 317, 319

Falling sickness, its cause and cure, ii. 67

Fame, like fire, easy to preserve, but difficult to re-kindle, ii. 460,
like a river bearing up light things and sinking weighty, ii. 379
Fame made a monster by the poets, ii. 395, on what occasion said lo
be daughter of the earth, ii. 396, how to discern between true
and false fames, ibid, increases virtue, as heat is redoubled by re-
flexion, ii. 235
Family of love, a heresy which came from the Dutch, iii. 6O
Fanatics, their preaching condemned, ii. 519, 520, their manner of
handling the scriptures, censured, ii. 520
Fascination, the opinion of it ancient, and ever by the eye, ii. 57,
ever by love or envy, ii. 269
Fat, extracted out of flesh, ii. 473
Father, his prerogative, is before the king's, in the custody of his
chiMren, iii. 362
Favour, how to be dispensed, ii. 37 1
favourites, judges should have none, ii. 384, kings and great
princes, even the wisest, have had their favourites, iii. 430, to
rjpen their judgments andiase their cares, ibid, or to screen them-

INDEX.

selves from envy, ibid, are the eyes, ears, and hands of princes,
iii. 432, should never interpose in courts ofjustice, iii. 438

Fealty was sworn to the king by every tenant in knight's service,

iv. 104

Fear, how it loosens the belly, and causes trembling, &c. i. 264.
Fear, the impressions thereof, i. 490, 491, ii, 57, paleness, trem-
bling, standing up of the hair, screeching, i. 490, 491 . Fearful na-
tures suspicious, ii. 332, just fear sufficient ground of war, iii. 504.
Fears in dimmer lights than facts, ii:. 509

Feathers of birds, why of such fine colours, i. 246, 247, how the
colour of them may be changed, i. 287, 288, age changeth them,
i. 287. Feathers burnt suppress the mother, ii. 54

Features and proportions improved, or altered for the worse, i. 256

Fee-farms, what, iv. 132

Fee-simple, estates so held, iv. 116, their advantages^ ibid,

Fdo de st, how to be punished, iv. 83, several cases relating thereto,

iv. 298

Felons, if penitent, recommended to expiate their offences in the
mines, ii. 208. Vide ii. 335.

Felony, if committed by a mad-man, why excuseable, but not so if
by a man drunk, iv. 36, cases in the statute relating thereto ex-
plained in many instances, iv. 51, by mischance, how to be pu-
nished, iv. 83, other cases of felony, ibid, flying for it makes a
forfeiture of the goods, iv. 109, several cases in which a man be-
comes guilty of it, iv. 294, 295, 296, the method of punishment,
and other proceedings relating to it, iv. 296, punishment of it is
hanging, and it is a question whether the king has power to
change it to beheading, iv. 296, accessaries therein, when pu-
nishable or not, iv. 397, a farther account of the trial, punish-
ment, fend other proceedings in it, iv. 298

Female and male in plants, i. 451, the differences of female and
male in several living creatures, ii. 22, the causes thereof, ii. 23

DC Feodis, all laws about them are but additionals to the ancient civil
law, iii. 361

Feoffees, case- concerning them in the statute of uses, iv. 189,

194, Sfc.

Feeoffment, cases relating thereto, iv. 186, 187, 188, more cases,
iv. 67, 69, conveyance by it in what manner performed, iv. 1 17

Ferdinando king of Naples, a bastard-slip of A rragon, v. 72, how
he was supported by Henry VII. v. 91, his league, iii. 507

Ferdinand duke of Florence, his character, v. 320

Ferdinando of Spain, his conjunction with Maximilian, v. 80,
sends to Henry VII. the account of the final conquest of Gra-
nada, v. 85, recovers Russignion and Perpignan from the French,
v. 89, sends Hialas, by some called Elias, into England, v. 138,
to treat of a marriage between Arthur and Catherine, ibid.

_ Ferrers, plots with Lopez to poison queen Elizabeth, iii. 113, is
discovered and committed to prison, iii. 116

Fetid smells, i. 1 1

Fibrous bodies, i. 19

Ficinus, his fond imagination of sucking blood for prolonging life,

i. 27

INDEX.

Fig tree improved by cutting off the top, i. 405

Jigs in the spring, i. 402. Indian fig taketh root from its branches,
i. 452, hath large leaves, and fruit no bigger than beans, ibid.
Figurable and not figurable, plebeian notions, ii. J9

Figures of plants, i. 142

Figures, or tropes in music, have an agreement with the figures of
rhetoric, i. 297, 298

Filum Medicinale, i. 272

Finances, how to be ordered after the union of England and Scot-
land, iii. 283
Finch, Sir Henry, some account of him, v. 497
Fine, what it is, iv. 1 17, how conveyances are made this way,
ibid, claim must be made in five years after proclamations
issued in the common-pleas, or else any one loses his right herein
for ever, ibid, some exceptions to this, ibid, is a feoffment of
record, ibid.
Fines for alienations of the greatest antiquity, iv. 235, of several
kinds, ibid.
Fir and pine-trees, why they mount, i. 429
Fire and time work the same effects, i. 351, preserve bodies,
i. 369. Fire tanneth not as the sun doth, i. 389, Fire and hot
water heat differently, i. 474. Fires subterrany, eruptions of
them out of plains, i. 376. Fire and air foreshew winds, ii. 6.
Fire of diseases how to be put out, ii. 68, to be extinguished as
the Fire of an house, ibid.
Firmarius, the derivation and force of this word, iv. 217
Fish of the sea put into fresh water, i. 486. Fishes foreshew rain,
ii. 8. Fishes greater than any beasts, the cause, ii. 23, 24.
Shell-fish, some have male and female, some not, ii. 33
Fishery, no mineral like it, iii. 455, 462
Fitz-Gerard, Thomas, earl of Kildare, and deputy of Ireland, pro-
claims Simnel the counterfeit Plantagenet, v. 23, 24, invades
England in conjunction with the earl of Lincoln and lord Lovet,
v. 30, slain in battle near Newark, v. 33
Fitz-Herbert, what he says of fines, iv. 1 36, 1 37
Fitz-Walter, lord, supports Perkin, v. 98, John Ratcliffe, lord
Fitz- Walter apprehended, v. 105, convicted and conveyed to
Calais in hope, ibid, beheaded for dealing with his keeper to
escape, ibid.
Fitz-WilIiamsTs case, iv. 248
Fixation of bodies, i. 525
Flame of powder, how it dilateth and moveth, i. 248. Flame and
air mix not, i. 258, except in the spirits of vegetables, ibid, and
of living creatures, ibid, their wonderful effects mixed, ibid, form
of Flame would be globular, and not pyramidal, i. 259, would be
' a lasting body, if not extinguished by air, ibid, mixeth not with
air, ibid, burneth stronger on the sides than in the midst, i. 260,
i> irritated by the air ambient, ibid, opinion of the peripatetics of
the element of fire, ibid, preyeth upon oil, as air upon water,
i.286, experiments about its duration, i. 378, et seq. taketh in no
other body into it, but converteth it, i. 527, more easy to move
lhan air, ii. 6. Flame causeth water to rise, ii. 37. Flame, the

INDEX.

continuance of it according to several bodies, i. 378, observation

about going out of Flame, i. 378, 379, lasting thereof in candles of

several mixtures, i. 379, of several wicks, i. 380, in candles laid

in bran, ibid, in lamps, ibid, where it draweth the nourishment

far, i. 381, in a turretted lamp, ibid, where it is kept close from

air, ibid, according to the temper of the air, i. 382, irritated by

cold, ibid, experiment about Flame, ii. 37, 38

Flammock the lawyer, Thomas, incites the Cornish men to rebel

against the subsidy, v, 130, is taken and executed, v. 135

Flatterer, his words make against the man in whose behalf they are

spoken, ii. 395, no such Flatterer as a man's self, ii. 318, several

sorts and ranks of them. ii. 378. Flattery of princes as criminal

as drawing the sword against them, iii. 43 1

Fleming, Sir Thomas, lord chief justice of the king's bench dies,

vi. 70, and note (6)

Fleming, Adrian, the son of a Dutch brewer, made cardinal of
Tortosa, v. 60, preceptor to Charles V. and pope, ibid.

Flemings, v. 65, 71, 83, 85, 1 04-, 127, call the treaty at Windsor,
made between Henry VII. and Philip king of Castile, intercursus
malus, v. 178. England a back of steel to the Flemings, iii. 510,
their comparative strength, iii. 529

Flesh, human, its venomous quality, i. 254. Flesh dissolved into
fat, i, 473. Flesh edible and not edible, ii. 26, the causes of
each, ibid, horse's flesh sometimes eaten, ibid, man's flesh like-
wise, i.254, ii. 26, said to be eaten by witches, ii. 27
Flies in excess, why a sign of a pestilential year, i. 500
Flight of birds, why the swiftest motion, i. 4-74-
Flint laid at the bottom of a tree, why it helpeth the growth,

i. 207, 208

Float and refloat of the sea, ii. 47

Flowers smell best whose leaves smell not, i. 386, how to enlarge
Flowers, and increase their odours, i. 397, et seq. Flowers
growing amongst the corn, and nowhere else, i. 412, to have
Flowers open at the sun's approach very obvious, i. 414. Flow-
ers, inscription of them on trees, i. 420, to induce colour into
Flowers, i. 421. Flowers, how made double, i. 423, to make
them double in fruit-trees, ibid. Flowers, all exquisitely figured,
i. 443, numbers of their leaves, ibid. Flowers in gardens,

ii.363

Fly, the fable of it, ii. 379

Flying in the air of a body unequal, i. 521, ofabody supported with

feathers, ii. 36

Foliambe, Francis, vi. 206*

Folietanes, feeding on leaves, a religious order, why put down by

the pope, i. 266

Followers and friends, ii. 370, costly ones make the train longer than

the wings, ibid, their several denominations, ii. 370, 371

Fomentation, or bath, ii, 225

Food, the selling of that which is unwholsome, or at unreasonable

rates, how to be punished, iv. 393

P'orce, all oppressions thereby how to be punished, iv. 392

Foreign plants, i. 437, 438, how best removed, i. 434

INDEX.

Foresight, the wisdom of it, v. 458

Forest and chases, much good land recoverable from them, iii. 4.54,
Forfeitures, how a property in goods is gained thereby, iii. 128

Forfeitures, or fines, not to be anticipated or farmed out, iii. 464
Forgiveness is natural to generous minds, iv. 396

For ma pauper is, when to be admitted as a proper plea, iv. 525

Forming of parts in young creatures, j. 256'

Formalist worse for business than an absurd man, ii. 314

Fornication, the guilt and odiousness of it represented, ii. 107

Fortescue, Sir John, under-treasurer and chancellor of the exche-
quer, iv. 154, vi.40
Fortitude, the true notions of it are lost, iv. 402, distinguishes rightly
between the grounds of quarrels, ibid.
Fortune, like a market, ii. 304
Fortune, ii. 350, though blind is not invisible, ibid, confidence and
reputation the daughters of fortune, ii. 35 1
Fortunes, inequality between those of England and Scotland, iii. 293
Fossils, how they differ from plants, i. 450, their many medicinal
uses, i. 486
Foundations and gifts, ii. 340
Fountains, with regard to the beauty and refreshment in gardens,

ii. 366

Fowle, Mr. vi. 200

Fowls, water-Fowls foreshew rain, ii. 7

Fowlys, Sir David, some account of him, v. 272

Fox, bishop of Exeter, made counsellor to Henry VII. v. 17/made lord

privy-seal, and successively bishop of Bath and Wells, Durham,

Winchester, ibid, sent an embassage to James III. of Scotland,

v. 36, one of the commissioners of trade, v. 127, his great diligence

in opposing the king of Scots, v. 136, takes a journey to Scotland

about the breach of truce, v. 151, his character, v. 162, the main

instrument of the marriage between the lady Margaret and the

king of Scots, v. 165, concludes the match between Charles

prince of Castile and Mary second daughter of Henry VII.

v. 184

Fragil bodies, ii. 16. Fragility, its cause, ii. 17

France, its flourishing state, v. 36. Vide Charles VIII.
France, the union of its duchies, fyc. iii. 259, 260, king of, changes
his religion, iii. 236, its afflicted condition, iii. 55

Francis, duke of Britany, loses his memory, and is under the direc-
tion of the duke of Orleans, v. 42, his death after his army was
beaten, v. 53

Francis I. ii. 412, his noble nature, ii. 430

Francis, Matthew, Serjeant at arms, has a quarrel with Mr.
Colics, vi. 380

Franckalmoigne, a sort of tenure, iv. 235, its origin and dignity,

ibid.

Frauds, how to be punished, iv. 392

Freedoms, of four kinds among the Romans, iii. 265, how to be
managed after the union of England and Scotland, iii. 284

Freeholders of some manors, do hold by suit of court, iv. 103

French disease, its supposed original, . i. 254

INDEX.

Frenchmen hurt in the head hard to cure, i. 519, wiser than they
seem, ii. 313

French king's titles how they rival the emperor's, ii. 239

Friction, a furtherer of nourishment, i. 272, why it maketh the parts
mote fleshy, ii. 33, why it impinguateth more than exercise,

ii. 34

Friends ought not to be forgiven, according to Cosmus duke of Flo-
rence, ii. 261, 262, the world a wilderness without Friends, ii. 315,
the manifold fruits of Friendship, ii. 317,318, 319, 320, a false
friend more dangerous than an open enemy, iii. 4-3 1

Friendship, ii. 314?

Frier Bacon's illusion, i. 510

Frion, Stephen, secretary in the French tongue to Henry VII. v. 95,
gained by lady Margaret, v. 96, deserts Perkin, v. 142

Frogs in excess, why a sign of a pestilential year, i. 499, 500, the
fable of the frogs in a drought, ii. 236

Fruits, causes of their maturation, i. 358, several instances thereof,
i. 359, 360, 361, the dulcoration thereof by other means, ii. 26.
Fruit cut or pierced rots sooner, i. 365, inlarged, how, i. 397, et
seq. Fruit pricked as it groweth ripens sooner, i. 403, made
fairer by plucking off some blossoms, ibid. Fruit tree grafted
upon a wild tree, i. 404. Fruit, why dulcorated by applying of

" swines-dung, i. 407, also by chaff and swines-dung mingled,
i. 408, enlarged by being covered with a pot, as it groweth, ibid.
Fruits compound, i. 410, 411. Fruits of divers kinds upon one
tree, i. 419. Fruits of divers shapes and figures, ibid. Fruits
with inscriptions upon them, i. 420. Fruits that are red within,
i. 422. Fruits coming twice a year, i. 439. Fruits made with-
out core or stone, i. 424. Trees with and without flowers and
Fruits, i. 444, preserved, how, i. 455, 456. Fruits that have
juices fit and unfit for drink, i. 458. Fruits sweet before they be
ripe, i. 461, which never sweeten, ibid. Fruit blossoming hurt
by south winds, < i. 467

Fuel consuming little, i. 515

Fuel consuming fast, i. 516. Fuel cheap, ibid.

Full of the mooli, several effects of it, ii. 39, 40, trials for farther
observations, ibid.

Fullerton, Sir James, letter to him from the lord-keeper Bacon,

vi. 186

Fumes taken in pipes, ii. 52

Fumitory, a preservative against the spleen, i. 473

G.

GABATO, Sebastian, a native of Venice living at Bristol, v. 149,

his reflections on the discoveries of Columbus, ibid, obtaining

a ship manned of Henry VII. the course he steered, v. 150

Gad-fly, i. 481

Gage, Mr. vi. 241, 353, 356

Gagvien, prior of Trinity in France, his speech to the council of

VOL. vi. H H

INDEX.

Henry VII. v. 69, disperses a libel in Latin verse against the

king at his going home, v. 77

Galba, ii. 4-34-, 256, 289, was thought fit for government till he had

power, ii 27 S

Galen, his cure for the scirrhus of the liver, i. 41 7

Gal eot slain, v. 53

Galilaeus, his opinion of the ebbing and flowing of the sea, i. 522

Galileo, vi. 93, vi. 217

Galley-slaves, why generally fleshy, i. 499

Gaol delivery, the course of executing it, iv. 93, the office of

gaolers, iv. 318

Game, destroying of it, how to be punished, iv. 393

Gaping, a motion of imitation, i. 352

Garcilazzo de Viega, descended of the race of the Incaes,

iii. 489

Gardens, ii. 363, for all months in the year, ibid,

Gardiner, bishop, ii. 425, a saying of his, iv. 365

Gardiner, Sir Robert, a commendation of him, iv 501

Garments, of what plants they may be made, i. 453

Garners, under ground, the best preservatives of corn, i. 368

Garter, order of, v. 9 1

Gaston de Fois, ii. 355

Gathering of wind for freshness, i. 516

Gavelkind, a custom in Kent, iv. 100. Gavelkind land is not
escheatable for felony, iv. ] 1 0, 1 1 1

Gaul, nation of, made capable of bearing offices, #c. in Rome,

iii. 263

Gaunt, the honourable retreat there by Sir John Norris, iii. 5 1 6

Gawen, Sir John, vi. 197

General words, that they ought not to be stretched too far in intend-

inents, is a good rule in law, ii. 22

Generations, history of, i. 77

Generation opposed to corruption, i. 364, they are nature's two

boundaries, ibid.

Generating of some creatures, at set times only, of some at all

times, i. 507, the^cause of each, ibid.

Genius over-mastering, ii. 56

Geometry, i. 108

George, order of Saint, should do more than robe and feast, iii. 473,

474

Georgics of the mind, i. 164

Gerrard, Sir Thomas, vi. 177, recommended by the marquis of

Buckingham to the lord chancellor, vi. 254

German mines having vegetables in the bottom, * ' i. 437

Germany, its state considered, iii. 56

Germination of plants accelerated by several means, i. 391, 392,

393, 394, retarded by several means, i. 365, 396

Giddiness, why after long sitting, i. 499

Gift, property gained thereby, when valid, and when void,

iv. 125

Glass, why pressure upon the lip of it makes the water frisk,

i. 24-7, 24a

INDEX.

Glass, the materials thereof in Venice, i. .513. Glass out of the
sand, i. 517. Glass whether remolten it keepeth weight, i. 526
Glass, how to be improved, i. 5 1 3

Globes at distance appearing flat, ii. 34,

Glocester, statute of, relating to wastes of timber-trees, and property
in them explained, iv. 216, 224

Glow-worms shine longer than they live, i. 370. Glow-worm, its
nature and properties, i. 490. Glow-worms put in glasses under
the water, their use, i. 509

God, how many ways he is dishonoured in his church, iv. 384,
38.5, lie only is eternal, ii, 481, is Father, Son, and Spirit, ibid,
his design of uniting his Son to man, and the wonderfulness of that
dispensation, ii. 482, resolved to create the world, ibid, created
all things good at first, ibid, governs all things by his providence,
ii. 483, revealed his will in different degrees and manners, at
different times, ii. 484

Godfrey, bishop of Luca, vi. 81

Godfrey's case, vi. 400, 404

Gold, the making of it, i. 361, a work if possible, yet not rightly
pursued, ibid, discourse of a stranger touching the making of it,
i. 362, directions for the making of it, i. 363, directions of a trial,
i. 363, 364, several properties of Gold, ibid. Gold hath in it the
least volatile of any metal, i. 525, the making Gold scarcely pos-
sible, ii. 191, will incorporate with quicksilver, lead, copper, brass,
iron, ii. 197

Gondomar, count de, his resentment against Sir Walter Raleigh,
vi. 202, insulted by the apprentices of London, ibid, and note (a),
sends his compliments to the lord chancellor, vi. 243, writes a
letter to his lordship, vi. 287, letters to him from lord St. Alban,
vi. 287, 344, 347, a great friend of his lordship, in no credit with
the prince of Wales or duke of Buckingham, vi. 354

Gondomar, his tale when our author was advanced to the great seal,

ii. 422, 423. Vide ii. 461, 462.

Gonsalvo, his character of a soldier, ii. 416

Goodere, Sir Henry, vi. 91, 117

Goodness of nature, i. 280, has no excess but error, ibid, the several
signs or symptoms of it, i. 28 1 , 282

Goods stolen, if forfeited to the crown by felony, Sfc. cannot be re-
covered by the ow ner, iv. 1 26
Gordon, Catherine, married to Perkin, v. 122, her commendations,
V. 1 46, taken and sent to the queen, and had an honourable al-
lowance, ibid.
Gorge, his confession relating to lord Essex's treason, iii, 188, 189,
another confession, 190
Gorgias, ii. 56
Goths, tfc. their descent upon Rome, iii. 308
Government, its four pillars, ii. 285. Vide i. 375, its charter of
foundation, iii. 485, they who cannot govern themselves not fit
to govern others, iii. 453
Government, four original causes thereof, iv. 323, Sfc. hereditary,
iv. 325, good ones compared to fair crystals, iv. 499, that ob-
servable in the great universe, a proper pattern for government
in state, iv. 259, all kinds of ii lawful, ii, 529
H H 2

INDEX.

Gout, order in curing it in twenty-four hours, i. 272, 273. Vide
ii. 225, mineral bath prescribed for its cure, i. 521

Grafting of roses, i. 396, 397, a late coming fruit upon an early fruit
tree, i. 395, 396, 397. Grafts in great plenty, i. 400

Grafting, whence it meliorateth the fruit, i. 404, some trees come
better from the kernel than the Graft, ibid. Grafting of trees
that bear no fruit inlargeth the leaves, i. 4-09. Grafting of se-
veral kinds maketh not compound fruits, i. 410, doubleth flowers,
but maketh not a new kind, ibid. Grafting vine upon vine,

i. 468, 469

Grains of youth, ii. 217

Grammar-schools, the inconveniences of a great number of them,

iii. 392

Granada, almost recovered from the Moors, v. 73, the final con-
quest of it, v, 85, had been in possession of the Moors 700 years,

v. 86

Grandison, viscount, vi. 363

Granicum, battle of, ii. 440

Grants of the king are not to be construed, and taken to a special

intent, iv. 47, of a common person, how far to be extended, ibid.

a distinction made between them and declarations, iv, 53, does

not prove the lessee's property in timber-trees, iv. 47, several

cases relating to them, iv. 441, 442, some rules concerning the

staying them, as proper or not so, iv. 489, 490

Grapes, how they may be kept long, i. 456, 464

Graziers, why they remove their cattle from mean to better pastures,

i. 401

Gravity, its increase and decrease, i. 260, 261, motion of gravity
within or at distance from the earth, i, 261 . Vide i. 510, opinion
of moving to the center a vanity, i. 261

Gray, lord, takes the Spaniards fort in Ireland, iii. 5 1 5

Great Britain, the beginning of a history, thereof, v. 196

Great offices and officers, iii. 445

Greatness comparative of living creatures, ii.23, 24-

Greatness of kingdoms, i. 322, how advanced, ii. 328

Greece a valiant and free nation, vi. 405

Green, the general colour of plants, i. 422

Greencloth, court of, ordained for the provision of the king's hous-
hold, iii. 252, 462

Greenness in some plants all winter, whence, i. 443

Grenvil, Sir Richard, his memorable action in the Revenge, against
the Spanish fleet, iii. 522, 523

Gregory, the great, why traduced by Machiavel, ii. 389

Greville, Sir Fulke, an account of him, v. 361, chancellor of the ex-
chequer, vi. 236. See Brooke.

Grief and pain, the impressions thereof, i. 491

Grindal, his censure of physicians, ii. 43 r, 432

Groves of bays hinder pestilent airs, ii. 54, the cause of the whol-

some air of Anliochia, ibid.

Growing of certain fruits and herbs after they are gathered, whence,

i. 257, trial whether they increase in weight, ibid. Growing or

multiply ing of metals, i. 524

INDEX.

Growth of hair, hails, hedges, and herbs, in the moon's increase,

ii. 39

Guiney-pepper causeth sneezing, ii. 61

Guise, Henry, duke of, in what sense the greatest usurer in France,

''i. 435

Guise, family of, many troubles in England and Scotland owing to

them, iii. 81, fyc. England assists France several times against

the faction of this house, iii. 82, 83, duke of, is beheaded by

Henry ITT. of* France, iii. 83, a saying concerning the duke of

Guise's liberality, iii. 214

Gum of trees, the cause of its shining, i. 246

Gum dissolves both by fire and water, ii. 16

Gum-dragon, i. 5 1 9

Gun-powder, the cause of the great noise it yieldeth, i. 258, white,

whether it giveth no sound, i. 301, 302

H.

HACKET, a fanatical disturber of the church, iii. 61, his execu-
tion, ibid.
Hair coloured black by the Turks, i. 501. Hairs of beasts not so
fresh colours as birds feathers, i. 246. How the colour of them
may be changed, i. 287. Hair on the head of children new-
born, whence, i. 473, standing erect in a fright, whence, i. 490.
Hair changing colour, ii. 22. Hair of the party beloved worn,
exciteth love, ii. 74
Hanaper of the chancery, what it included, iv. J33
Hands have a sympathy with the head and other parts, i. 289
Hannibal's character of Fabius and Marcellus, ii.-444, 445,
Hanno and Hannibal, ii. 445
Hansbeys, their cause in chancery, vi. 198, and note (c)
Hard substances in the bodies of living creatures, most about the
head, i. 504, some of them stand at a stay, some continually
grow, i. 504, all of them without sense but the teeth, ibid.
Hard bodies, their cause, ii. 1 8
Harper, Sir John, vi. 177
Hatching of eggs, i. 508
Hatton, lady, removes her daughter, to prevent her being married
to Sir John Villiers, vi. 161 (note «)
Haughton, Sir Richard, vi, 178
Hawkins, Sir John, his unfortunate death by sickness in the West-
Indies, iii. 527
Haws and hips in store, portend cold winters, i. 500
Hay, Sir Alexander, his queries about the office of constables, with
answers, iv. 309
Haywrard, Dr. committed to the Tower, for the history of the depo-
sition of king Richard II. ii. 405, stolen from Cornelius Tacitus,

ii. 406

Head, its sympathy with the feet, i. 288, 289, local motion conti-
nued after the head struck off, whence, i. 389, 390
Health, regimen of it, ii. 330, interrupted by sudden change of
diet, ii. 331, chearfulness a great preservative of it, ibid, how
consulted by the situation of buildings, ii. 337

INDEX.

Health of the nation remarkable in queen Elizabeth's time, iii, 50
Healthful airs oft-times without scent, ii. 4.5

Hearing hath more immediate operation upon the manners and spi-
rits of men than the other senses, whence, i. 298, its hindrances
and helps, i. 347, why hindered by yawning, ibid, helped by
holding the breath, ibid, instruments to help hearing, ibid. Hear-
ing causeth horror, i. 484. Hearing more offended by some ob-
jects, than the eye by ungrateful sights, i. 344, 345
Heart of an ape worn increaseth audacity, as reported, fyc. ii. 70
Heat and cold, ii. 177
Heat and cold, nature's two hands, ii. 277. Heat the chiefest
power in nature, i. 291, how to make trial of the highest operation
of it, ibid. Heat and time work the like effects, i. 292, 351,
their different operations in many things, i. 35 1 , 474, 475. Heat
more tolerable under the line than on the skirts of the torrid zone,
i. 388. Heat, being qualified by moisture, the effect, i. 475. Heat
causeth the differences of male and female, ii. 23, other differences
thereupon, ib. tempered with moisture, ib. the several effects of heat
in the sun, fire, and living creatures, ii. 25. Heat and cold have a
virtual transition without communication of substance, ii. 36.
Heat within the earth, ii. 29, greater in winter than summer, ibid,
trial of drawing it forth by the moon-beams, ii. 38. Heats under
the equinoctial less, than under the torrid zones, three causes
thereof, i. 388, 389
Heath, Robert, made solicitor general, vi. 27 1 , 297
Heathen opinion, touching generation of creatures perfect by con-
cretion, repelled, ii. 42
Heavenly bodies, their influences, ii. 38, 48
Hebrews, ii. 99
Hector, Dr. bis prescription to the dames of London, ii. 246
Hedgehog's flesh, its virtue, ii. 70
Heirs are bound, by the acts of their ancestors, if named, iv. 100,
charged for false plea, iv. 101, the great favour of our law to-
wards them, iv. 182
Helena, her lover quitted Juno and Pallas, ii. 274
Heliotropia, the causes of its opening and shutting, or bending to-
wards the sun, i. 414
Helwise, Sir Gervase, his declaration concerning Mr. Overbury's
death, iv. 460, lieutenant of the tower, vi. 107, note (c), disco-
vered to be concerned in the murder of Sir Thomas Overbury,

vi. 107, 108

Hemlock causeth easy death, i. 461

Hemp and flax, the great use of planting them, iii. 455

Henry II. of England, ii. 299

Henry III. of France, is stabbed before the walls of Paris, by a jaco-
bin frier, iv. 422, is murdered, ibid, the revenge of his death,

ii.262

Henry IV. of France, his question to the count of Soissons, ii. 404,
is called the king of faith, iii. 518, the best commander of his
time, ii. 405, much praised, iv. 422, is murdered, ibid.

Henry II. and III. of England, some troubles of their reign men-
tioned, iii. 48,49
Henry IV. of England, extolled by the prior of Trinity, v. 72.

INDEX.

Story of the first year of his reign published, and dedicated to
lord" Essex, which offends the queen, iii. 221, is deposed and
murdered, iii. 175

Henry V. of England, his remarkable success, iii. 49

Henry VI. of England, slain by the hands of Richard III. v. 5.

Henry VII. of England his history, ii. '299, in his greatest business
imparted to few, ii, 30^, his device to improve England, ii. 325,
stout and suspicious to a great degree, ii. 332, what Henry VI.
said of him, ii. 342, stiled earl of Richmond before his accession
to the crown, v. 5, caused Tc Dtum to be sung on the place of
his victory, ibid, his three titles to the crown, v. 7, depresses the
title of the house of York, v. 9, disperses the fears of the people
by his peaceable march to London, v. 10, sparing of creations
when crowned, v. 12, institutes yeomen of his guard, ibid, sum-
mons a parliament, v. 1 3, his attainder how mentioned by the
judges, v. 14, his marriage more solemnized than his entry or
coronation, v. 17, successful and secure, ibid, punishes the rebels
by fines and ransoms, v. 34, obtains from the pope the qualifying
of sanctuaries, v. 35, 36, his conduct in the affair of Britainy,

' v. 37, his schemes thereto too line to be fortunate, v. 37,
38, great affairs being too stubborn to be wrought upon by points
of wit, v. 45, calls a parliament, 46, recommends laws against
riots, v. 50, and to encourage trade and manufactures, ibid, passes
several good laws, v. 55, 56, retrenches the privileges of the
clergy, v. 57, serves himself by intimacy with Adrian de Castellothe
pope's legate, v. 59, barters laws for treasure, being one of the
best law-givers, v. 60, improves the military force, v. 63, de-
mands the title and tribute from France, v. 76, his speech to his
parliament, v, 78, proposes to try his right for the crown of
France, ibid, receives from the king and queen of Spain letters,
containing particulars of the final conquest of Granada, v. 85,
draws together a puissant army, and lands at Calais, v. 87, 88,
invests Boloign and makes peace, v. 89, notifies his gainful peace
to the mayor and aldermen of London, v. 90, general clamour
against the king, v. 98, his diligence in tracing Perkins's history,
v. 100. has his own spies cursed publicly at St. Paul's, v. 101,
the probable reasons of his distaste against Sir William Stanley,
v. 109, the king pestered with swarms of libels, the females of se-
dition, v. 1 10, crushes money from his subjects by his penal laws,
v. Ill, enters into a league in defence of Italy, v. 114, a reward
promised for killing or taking the king by Perkin's proclamation,
v. 125, the king's wars were always a mine of treasure to him,
v. 128, creates bannerets after the victory at Blackheath, v. 135,
demands of the Scots to have Perkin delivered, v. 139, con-
stantly named in the Italian league before Ferdinando, v. 1 15, ex-
erts his utmost force to secure Perkin, when he had got him on
English ground, v. 144, enters the city of Exeter joyfully, and
gave them his sword, v. 146, takes Perkin out of sanctuary, on
promise of life, v. 147, rebuilds the palace of Shene, v. 1 49, as-
signs a ship manned to Gabato, to discover unknown parts, ibid,
how the king missed the first discovery, v. 150, makes peace
with the king of Scots, v. 152, has a third son born, named Ed*

INDEX.

mund, who soon died, ibid, passes over to Calais, and has an in-
terview with the archduke, v. 157, summoned by the pope to the
holy war, v, 159, creates Henry prince of Wales, v. 164, his bar-
barous usage of the earl of Oxford, one of his principal servants in
war and peace, v. 163, had scarce any parliament without an act
against riots and retainers, v. 172, subsidy and benevolence in
one year without war or fear of any, ibid, his treatment of the
king of Castile, forced to put in at Weymouth, v. 177, 178, 179,
solicitous to have Henry VI. canonized, v. 181, marries his se-
cond daughter, Mary, to Charles prince of Castile, afterwards em-
peror, ibid, his death, v. 184, his character and benefactions,
v. 185, laws and justice prevailed in his time, except where he
was party, v. 186, 187, his reputation abroad greater than at
home, v. 188, born at Pembroke castle, v. 193

Henry VIII, of England, his birth, v. 77, receives the pensioner
tribute from France, v. 89, his eminent distinguishing qualities, v.
J94, learned, but short of his brother Arthur, ibid, his felicity
upon his succession, v. 194, 195, his confederacy with Francis I.
and Charles V. iii. 507

Henry, prince, insolence of Sir Thomas Overbury to him, vi. 98,
his death imputed to the earl of Somerset, vi. 99, Mr. Bacon's
Latin eulogium on him, and its translation, vi. 58, 61

Henry II. last king of France of value, except Henry IV. vi. 362

Heraclitus, iii. 417, stiled the obscure, iii. 446, a dark saying of his,

ii. .'318, v. 320

Herbs made tenderer, i. 406, removed from beds into pots prosper
better, ibid, grow sweeter by cutting off the first sprout, whence,
i. 407, inquiry whether they can be made medicinable, and how,
i. 417, four designations of it, i. 418, their ordinary colours,
i. 420, 421. Herbs growing out of the water without roots, i.33d,
growing out of the top of the sea without roots, ibid, growing out
of snow, ibid, growing out of stone, i. 437, growing in the bot-
toms of mines, ibid, none growing out of the sea sands, ibid.
Herbs dying yearly, i. 440, that last many years, ibid, the largest
last not longest, as the largest trees do, why, i. 441, fable of an
herb in the likeness of a lamb, i. 452. Herbs which shew the
nature of the ground, i. 466. Herbs which like to be watered
•with salt-water, i. 471. Herbs that foreshew rain, ii. 8

Hercules, i. 312, unbinds Prometheus, ii. 262

Heresy, cases relating thereto, and the punishment of it, iv. 301,
one great occasion of it, ii. 5 10

Herlacken den's case, relating to the inheritance of timber trees,

iv. 219, &c.

Hermogenes, the rhetorician, an instance of an early ripeness and
hasty fading, ii. 356

Herons high flights foreshew wind, ii. 7

Hetherington's declaration concerning lord Essex's treason, iii. 183

Hialas, Peter, a Spaniard, occasions the marriage between the two
crowns, v. 138

Hiccup, why removed by sneezing, i. 476, means to cease it, ibid.

Hiero visited by Pythagoras, ii. 416, his question to Siinonidps,

ii. 447

INDEX,

High-constable. See Constable.

Highways presentable, iv. 393

Hills with night-caps on in Wales, ii. 6

Hill's and Graunger's case, iv. 248

Hippocrates, his rule about the garment worn next the flesh, i. 270,

his aphorism touching diseases contrary to complexion, age, &c.

i. 275, his prognostics upon the seasons of the year,!. 384, says,

Athens is mad, and Democritus only sober, iii. 480

Hippocrates' s sleeve, i. 24-7

Hippophagi, the Scythians so called, ii. 27

History, general division of, i. 76. Natural history, i. 77. Civil

history, i. 80. Appendices to history, i. 88

History of England, observation on the defects, &c. thereof, v. 294,

of Henry VII. commended, ibid.

Hobart, Sir Henry, vi. 70, and note (6), vi. 82, 189, 226, likely

to die, vi. 269

Holland cheese, ii. 39

Homage, vowed to the king by every tenant by knight's service,

iv. 104, how performed, ibid, importeth continuance in the blood,

iv. 213

Homicide, how many ways it may be committed, iv. 294, thought
justifiable only in one case by the Romans, iv. 405, how distin-
guished by the law of God, ibid, law about it, v. 55, 56
Honesty of life, breaches of it how presentable, and of what kind,

iv. 391

Honey, i. 453, 455, ii, 20, several ways how it is used, ii. 20, a
wine of honey, ii- 21. Honey of the box-tree, ii. 20

Honey-dews upon certain leaves and flowers, i. 416, 453

Honour, the place of virtue, ii. 278

Honour and reputation, ii. 381. Honour hath three advantages, ii.
345, the degrees of sovereign honour, ii. 381, of honour in sub-
jects, ii, 382, the spur to virtue, ii. 236. Honour of the judge is
the king's honour, iii. 438, 439

Honour, Consaivo's saying upon it, iv. 408

Hops, broom, poculent herbs, i. 457

Horns, i. 504. Horned beasts have no upper teeth, i. 505

Horse, every tenant by knight's service is obliged to keep one for
the king's use, iv. 104

Horses, English, excel in strength and swiftness, iii. 455

Horses rlesh eaten, ii. 26. Horses tooth has the mark of their age,
i. 506. Sea-horse tooth ring good for the cramp, ii. 67

Hornsby, Francis, vi. 206

Hortensius, his character to the life, ii. 356

Hospitals, how frequently they are abused to ill purposes, iii. 388,
ill effects of very large ones, iii. 390, are best managed in London,
and why they are so, ibid, the good effects of them in prevent-
ing beggars, iii. 391, are not an adequate remedy for supporting
the poor, v. 506

Hostility, how many ways hindered from being put in execution,
when it is between nations, iii. 236

Hot bread, its odour nourishing, ii. 54

Houghton, Sir Robert, some account of him, v. 340, 341

INDEX.

Houghton, Sir Gilbert, his patent stayed at the seal, vi. 81

Houshold expences, king James's way of retrenching them, v. 489,
letter of king James relating to them, ibid, a draught of the sub-
commission relating thereto, v. 492
House of peers a court of judicature, iii. 443, of commons cannot
administer an oath, iii. 444
Howard, Henry, earl of Northampton, lord privy seal, &c. ii. 408,
409, his answer to the Dutch minister, ii. 426
Howard, earl of Nottingham,* some account of him, v. 467, 468
Huddy, John and Richard, v vi. 192
Hukeley, Thomas, his cause recommended by the earl of Bucking-
ham to the lord keeper Bacon, vi. 179
Humours, ill lodged, very dangerous, i. 27 1
Hundred, division of the counties into them, and the occasion
thereof, iv. 85, 86. Hundred courts, to whom granted at the first,
iv. 87, lord of the hundred is to appoint two high-constables and a
petty one, ibid.
Hundson, John, baron of, vi. 83
Hunt, John, vi. 192
Huntingdon, earl of, vi. 177
Husbands affected by their wives breeding, ii. 72, who make good
ones, ii. 268
Husbandry in many particulars, iii. 454, 465
Hutton, is made judge of the common pleas, iv.507, vi. 189
Hutton, Luke, personated by lady Roos, vi. 241
Hydraulics, i. 294
Hylas, Hercules's page, the fable ol him, i. 312
Hypocrites, the greatest atheists, ii. 291

J-

JAMES I. compares his speech to a mirror, ii. 401, 402, com-
pares himself and parliament to husband and wife, where jealousy
h pernicious, ii. 402, desires the country gentlemen should not
live long in London, ii. 461, is calumniated by Mr. Oliver St.
John, in some papers, iv. 434, 438, a short character of him, iv.
435, 436, his great clemency, iv. 441, his book to his son, touch-
ing the office of a king, commended, iv. 498, his book very sea-
sonably wrote, v. 200, 280, commendation of his reign in seve-
ral instances, iii. 505, a farther account of the king, v. 284,
erects a monument to queen Elizabeth, v. 293, farther commenda-
tion of his reign, v. 513, he moderates in the dispute between the
bishops and dissenters, at Hampton-court, v. 295, he keeps the
fifth of August as a holy-day, on account of his delivery from Gow-
ry's conspiracy, v, 505, is censured by Le Clerc for neglecting to
take care of lord Bacon, while he preferred other worthless per-
sons, v. 570, 571, apprehensive of being taxed by the earl of
Somerset, on his trial, vi. 96, and note (a), his apostilles on the
heads of the charge against the earl of Somerset, vi. 97, 99, in-
quires into the poisoning of Sir Thomas Overbury, vi. 108, goes
to Scotland, vi. 137, note («), holds a parliament in Scotland, vi.

INDEX.
I

151, his answer to a letter of the lord keeper, vi, 161, angry with
his lordship and the attorney-general, vi. 166, 167, 169, 171,
promises to forgive his lordship, vi. 172, his remark on lord Ba-
con's Novmn Organum, vi.253, note (c), looks over the manuscript
of his lordship's history of the reign of king Henry VII. vi. 303,
memorial of lord Bacon's access to his majesty, vi. 329, letters to
him from lord viscount St. Alban, vi. 387, 388, his letter to the
judges of England about Sir Edward Coke's reports in prejudice
of his prerogative, vi. 4-09

James III. of Scotland, slain at Bannocksbourn, v. 59

James IV. wholly at <he devotion of France, v. 80, married to Mar-
garet, eldest daughter of Henry VII. v. 165
Jason of Thessaly, ii. 451
Jasper, earl of Pembroke, uncle to Henry VII. v. 12, made Duke
of Bedford at the coronation, ibid, commands the army against
the lord Level, v. 18, made general again, vi. 30,31, for the
French expedition, v. 88

Jaundice, whence the difficulty of curing it proceeds, ii. 77

ail, a most pernicious smell, and next to the plague, ii. 49, 50,
judges and others died by that pernicious infection, ibid.

Idolatry, degrees of it, iii. 477, doth not dissolve government,

iii. 486

Idols, four sorts of, ii. 15 t

Jest, what matters ought to be privileged from it, ii. 333, 334

Jest, goods taken in jest, and sold in a market) may give a property,

iv. 126

Jesuits precept, ii. 506

Jewel, bishop of Salisbury, his death, with an idle report relating
to his last words, iii. 102

Jews-ear, its strange property and use, i. 433, a putrefaction, i. 478
Ignorant man, or coward, ought not to be a judge, ii. 386

Image, whether it might be seen without seeing the glass, i. 509,

510

Image of God, iii. 485

Imagination, the force of it, i. 528. Imagination exalted, ii. 44,

force of it upon the body of the imagination, by inspiring industry,

ii. 45, three cautions about the same, ii. 44, 46, worketh most

upon weak persons, ii. 44, Imagination, the kinds of it, ii. 58,

the force of it upon another body, ibid, several instances of it,

ii. 59, etin seq. an instance thereof by a pair of cards, ii. 59,

three means to impose a thought, ii. 60, 61, designations for trial

of the operations in this kind, ii. 62, to w.ork by one that hath a

good opinion of you, ii. 63, to work by many, ibid, means to

preserve imagination in the strength, ibid, it worketh more at

some times than others, ibid, it hath most force upon the lightest

motions, ii. 64, 73, effect of the senses, i. 523. Imagination

imitating the imitations of nature, ii. 53

Imbezzling of the king's plate, &c. strictly to be punished, iv. 39 1

Imitation in men and other creatures a thing to be wondered at,

i. 335, several motions in men of imitation, i. 352. Imitation a

globe of precepts, ii. 276

Impeachment must be upon oath and presentment, iv. 382

INDEX.

Jmpetiiio, what is meant by it, iv. 226, is distinguished from impedi-
mentum, iv. 227

Impostors and pirates not to be protected, v. 104-

Imposture by counterfeiting the distance of voices, i. 337

Impotency of men towards their wives procured in Zant and Gas-
cony, ii. 37,65
Impressible and not impressible, ii. 18, 19
Impression, doctrine or^ i, 116
Imprisonment upon contempt of orders in chancery, when to be dis-
charged, iv. 52 1
Impropriations should be returned to the church, ii. 549, the im-
possibility of it, ibid, should contribute largely to the relief of
the clergy, ii. 548, the value of them 'in the nation is above ten
subsidies, ii. 549
Improvement, reasons why men don't improve more in many
things, v. 331
Impulsion and percussion of bodies, i. 510. Impulsion of a body
unequal, i. 521
Inanimate and animate, wherein they differ, i. 449
Incense thought to dispose to devotion by the operation of the smell,

ii.53,54

Inceptions, ii. 246, 247

Incorporating or drowning of metals, i. 525,526

Incorporating of iron and stone, ii. 187, of brass and iron, ii. 188, of
silver and tin, ii. 190

Incubus, its cause and cure, ii. 67

Indian earth, brought over, hath produced Indian plants, i. 437, 438
Indian fig, its surprising way of growing, i. 452, its leaves of great
dimensions without stalks, i. 452, 453, the Indian custom of
quietly burning them selves, ii. 349, had something like ordnance
in the time of Alexander, ii. 392

Indictment, antient forms thereof not to be altered, iii. 97

Induration, or lapidification of bodies, i. 282, by cold, i. 282, 283,
by heat, ii. 282, 284, by assimilation, i. 285, 286, by snow" or
ice, i. 283, by metalline water, ibid, in some natural spring-
waters, i. 284, of metals, by heating and quenching, ibid, by
fire, ibid, by decoctions within water, the water not touching,
i. 284, 285. Induration by sympathy, ii. 20

Industry, what we reap from it makes the fruition more pleasant,

ii. 244, 245

Infant in the womb subject to the mother's imagination, ii. 58, suf-
fering from the mother's diet, ii. 69
Infantry, the principal strength of an army. v. 63
Infectious diseases, i. 352, less generally precede the greater, ii. 3,
received many ways, ii. 44
Influences of the moon, ii. 38, et seq.
Influences of the heavenly bodies, ii. 12, 48
Informers, ii. 44
Infusions in liquors, J. 250, a short stay best, ibid. Infusions to be
iterated, ibid, useful for medicinal operations, i. 252, trial, which
parts issue soonest, which slowest, ibid, evaporations of the finer
spirits sometimes useful, ibid.

INDEX.

Infusion maketh liquors thicker, but decoction clearer, whence,

i. 356,357

Infusions in air, i. 252, the several odours issue at several times,

ibid.

Infusions in earth, the effects of it, i. 382, cautions to be used in it,
ibid, several instances thereof, i. 382, 383

Ingram, Sir Arthur, vi. 297, 314, 317, 318, 333

Inheritance, by fee-simple binds the heir with all binding acts of his
ancestors, iv. 100, the nature of one opened and explained, iv.
213, 214. Inheritance moveable, iv. 214, perpetuity is of the es-
sence of inheritance, ibid, what things belong to the owner of
inheritance, and what to any particular tenant, in letting estates,
iv. 215, what things are not inheritance as soon as .severed, ibid,
is well distinguished by particular estates by our laws, ibid.

Injury, several degrees thereof, as held by our laws, iv. 408

Injunctions for staying of suits, in what cases to be granted, iv. 512,
513, 514, are to be inrolled, iv. 523, some rules in granting
them, iv. 489, 490

Innocent VIII. pope, v. 12, 85

Innovations, ii. 310, what sort are to be condemned, iii. 435, 436,

iv. 367, faulty to condemn all sorts in church matters, ii. 526,

528, objection that there would be no end, when once they were

* begun, answered, ii. 526

Inns, letter to lord Villiers about them, v. 451

Inquination, or inconcoction, ii. 12

Inquisition touching the compounding of metals, ii, 187, touching
the separation of metals and minerals, ii. 200

Inrolment of apprentices, a certificate relating to them, v. 487

Inscriptions upon fruits, i. 420

Insecta, i. 480, held by physicians to clarify the blood, i. 481, the
name communicated to all creatures bred of putrefaction, i. 480,
the difference of them, according to the several matters they are
bred of, i. 480, 481, the enumeration of many of them, ii. 481,
482, several properties in them,i. 432, 483, they have voluntary
motion, i. 483, other senses beside taste, ibid

Instructions to great officers, like garments, grow loose in the wear-
ing, ii. 405

Intellectual powers, a discourse concerning the helps which might
be given them, v. 329, some farther indigested collections relat-
ing thereto, v. 332

Intestate, how his goods were formerly disposed of who died, iv.

128, 129

Intrails of beasts, whether more nourishing than the outward flesh,

i. 266

Invasion, procured by any from foreign enemies, how to be punished,

iv. 388

Invasive war, not made by the first blow, but by the first provoca-
tion, v. 28

Invectives designed often against the prince, though pretended only
against his ministers, iii. 92, instance of this in queen Elizabeth and
lord Burleigh, ibid.

INDEX.

Invention, art of, i. 132

Inventors, a catalogue of them, ii. 121

Invincible armada, a minute account of it, Hi. 517,518, 519, 520,

521

Invisibles in bodies ought to be better inquired, because they go-
vern nature principally, i. 289
Joan, queen of Castile, distracted on the death of Philip her husband,

v. 180

Job's afflictions more laboured in description than Solomon's felici-
ties, ii. 263
John, earl of Lincoln, v. 27. See Lincoln.

John of Austria, buries his reputation, iii. 5 1 4

Johnson, Dr. his three material things in sickness, ii. 432

Joints in some plants, i. 44-2, their cause, ibid.

Jones, Dr. Thomas, archbishop of Dublin ; letter to him from the
lord chancellor Bacon, vi. 196

Jones, Sir William, made lord chief justice of Ireland, iv. 501, vi.
196, speech to him thereupon, iv. 501, four examples proposed to
his imitation, ibid, directions what he is chiefly to regard in the
affairs of that nation, iv. 502, 503, letter to him from the lord
chancellor Bacon, vi. 196

Joseph, Michael, the Cornish blacksmith, v. 129, executed, v. 135
Jovinianus, emperor, his death, ii. 5 1

Journals, i. 85

Joy gives vigour in the eyes, and sometimes tears, i. 491, sudden
joy, the impressions thereof have caused present death, i. 492
Iphicrates, the Athenian, ii. 415, says there is no sure league but in-
capacity to hurt, iii. 62,. 507
Ippocras, clarified with milk, i. 247, 358
Ireland affected the house of York, v. 23, proclaims Lambert Simnel,
v. 24, how they receive Perkin from Portugal, v. 95, twice at-
tacked by the Spaniards, iii. 510, 515. D'Aquila says, the
devil reserved this kingdom for himself, when he proffered Christ
all the world, iii. 527
Ireland not well with England, iii. 237, account of it in the begin-
ning of its reduction, iv. 502, directions to Sir William Jones in
the managing that work, iv. 502, 503, rebellion there caused by
the king of Spain, iii. 89, considerations proposed to king James
I. about the plantation of it, iii. 317, the great excellency, in seve-
ral instances, of such a work, iii. 319,320, 321, plantation of it
would prevent seditions here, by employing a vast surcharge.of
people therein, iii. 319, and would discharge all hostile attempts
upon the place, iii. 320, it would bring great profit and strength
to the crown of England, ibid, a short character of it and the in-
habitants, iii. 321, concerning the means of accomplishing the
plantation of it, ibid, this work to be urged on from. parliament
and pulpit, iii. 322, men of estate the fittest persons to be en-
gaged in this work, ibid, they are to be spurred on by pleasure,
honour, and profit, iii. 322, 323, the charge of it must not lie
wholly on the undertakers, iii. 324, a commission necessary for it,
iii. 325, their buildings to be in towns, and not scattered up and
down upon, each portion, with reasons for it, iii. 327, undertakers

INDEX.

hereof to be restrained alienating or demising any part, iii. 328,
charges of this plantation should be considered first by experi-
enced men, ibid, considerations touching the reducing thereof to
peace and government, v. 264-, all relics of the war there to be
extinguished, ibid, the hearts of the people to be won over, and
by what methods, v. 266, occasions of new troubles to be removed,
v. 268, 269, farther considerations touching the management of
the plantations and buildings there, v. 269, 270, safety of it re-
commended, vi. 362, 363
Irish rebel, his petition to be hanged in a with, ii. 349
Iron, hot, sounds less than cold, i. 313. Iron sharpens iron, how-
applied, ii. 380
Iron instruments hurtful for wounds, i. 520, whether it can be in-
corporated with flint, ii. 1 87, may be dissolved by common water,
if calcified with sulphur, ii. 205
Isabella, queen, what she said of good forms, ii. 377, see v. 85, an

honour to her sex and times, dies, v. 173. See Ferdinando.

Islanders bodies, i. 384-

Isocrates long lived, ii. 56

Israel and Judah united under David, iii. 266, they again separate,

and so continue, ibid.

Italy, the state of affairs there considered, iii. 56

Judges of assize, their origin, iv. 91, they succeed the antient judges

in eyre, ibid.

Judges of the circuits sit by five commissions, which are reckoned up,

with the authority they each give, iv. 92

Judges of gaol delivery, their manner of proceeding, iv. 93, several

excellent rules relating to the duty of judges, iv. 507, 508, some

directions to them in their circuits, iv. 497, &c. the portraiture and

duty of a good judge, iv. 507, 508, the nature of their authority,

iv. 305

Judges to interpret, not make or give law, ii. 382, should be more

learned than witty, ii. 333, their office extends to their parties,

advocates, clerks, and sovereign, ibid, four branches of their office,

ii. 384, essential qualifications of judges, ii. 382, 383

Judgment of the last day, ii. 489, no change of things after that,

ibid.

Judicature, ii. 332, sour and bitter, i. 383

Juglers, i. 415, their binding in the imagination, and inforcing a

thought, ii. 58

Juices of fruit, fit for drinks, i. 458, unfit for them, ibid, the cause of

each, ibid.

Julius III. ii. 425

Julius II. summons Henry VII. to the holy war, v. 159

Jura, how many kinds thereof among the Romans, iii. 265

Jurisdictions of courts without jarring, iii. 441

Juris placita, et juris rcgulce, their difference, iv. 50, the Juris regular

are never to be violated, ibid, theplacita are to be often, ibid. "

Jury, may supply the defect of evidence out of their own knowledge,

but are not compellable thereto, iv. 31, 32, the care of our laws

about them, iv, 184, of the verge, their duty, iv. 332

INDEX.

Jus in re, ct jus in rem, the difference between them stated, iv. 164

Jits connubii, civitatis, suffragii, et petitionis, how these correspond
to our freedoms, iii. 265

Justice, king James's administration of it commended, iv. 435, em-
ploys the three other cardinal virtues in her service, iv. 447, in
chancery to be administered speedily, the corruption of it com-
plained of, iii. 70, lord Bacon's saying upon the perverting of it,

v. 409

Justices of assize, their authority lessened by the court of common
pleas, iv. 91,92

Justices in eyre, dealt in private matters only, iv. 91, their autho-
rity translated to justices of assize, ibid.

Justices of the peace, their origin, iv. 88, they succeed the conserva-
tors, and are delegated to the chancellor, ibid, their authority, iv.
89,. are to attend the judges in their county, iv. 97, their office far-
ther declared, iv. 316, itinerants in Wales, their jurisdiction, ibid,
of the quorum, who are so, ibid, how called so, ibid, are appointed
by the lord keeper, ibid.

Justinian, by commissioners forms the civil law, iv. 368, his saying
upon that work, iv. 378

Justs and tourneys ii. 347

Ivy growing out of a stag's horn, scarce credible, i. 432

K.

KATHARINE, daughter of Edward IV. married to William

Courtney, earl of Devonshire, v. 169

Katharine of Spain, her marriage to prince Arthur, v. 156, made in

blood, ibid, fourth daughter of Ferdinando, king of Spain, v. 1 62

Kelly, the alchemist, ii. 431

Kemp, Mr. Robert, a letter from Mr. Bacon to him, vi. 7

Kendal, prior of St. John's v. 1 27

Kermes, ii. 67

Kernels of grapes applied to the roots of vines, make them more

early and prosperous, i. 261. Kernels put into a squill come up

earlier, i. 402, 403, some fruits come up more happily from the

kernel than the graft, i, 404. Kernels of apples will produce

coleworts, i. 504, 505

Kildare, deputy of Ireland, v. Ill, seized, acquitted, and replaced,

ibid.

Killigrew, Sir Robert, vi. 235

Killigrew, Sir Henry, vi. 19

Kirkham, Mr. vi. 238

Killing of others, the several degrees and manners of it, with the pu-
nishment due to each, iv. 414-
King, a description of one, ii. 97, 98, iii. 4§.6
King, an essay of one, ii. 393, 394^ 395. God doth most for kings,
and they least for him, ii. 393, the fountain of honour, which
should not run with a waste pipe, ii. 394, a prodigal one next a
tyrant, ibid, ought to have five things under his special care, ii •

INDEX.

395, have few things to desire, -and many to fear, ii. 296, with
whom they have to deal, ii. 297, the value they set upon friend-
ship, ii. 315, should not side with factions, ii. 376, his proper
title in our laws, iv. 326, ought to be called natural liege sove-
reign, in opposition to rightful or lawful sovereign, ibid, his natu-
ral politic capacity should not be confounded, iv^ 348, his natural
person different from those of his subjects, iv. 349, privileges be-
longing to his person and crown, ibid, offences committed against
his person, how punishable, iv. 388, 389. King takes to him
and his heirs, and not to his successors, iv. 350, his natural per-
son operates not only on his wife, &:c. but also on his subjects,
ibid, five acts of parliament explained, relating to a distinction
that homage followeth the crown, rather than the person of the
king, iv. 351, perilous consequences of this distinction, ibid, pre-
cedents examined relating to the same, iv. 354-, how often he has
other dominions united by descent of blood, ibid, when he ob-
tains a country by war, to which he hath right by birth, he holdeth
it by this latter, "iv. 356, his person represented in three things,
iv. 388, the great heinousness of conspiring against their lives,
iv. 44-2, his sovereignty to be held sacred, iii. 371, James I. the
sum of his charge to Sir Francis Bacon, upon delivery of the
great seal to him, iv. 486, enumeration of those kings whose
. reigns have been most happy, iii. 48, 49, why they administer by
their judges, when they themselves are supreme judges, ii, 534.
Kings are distinguished in hell, by Menippus in Lucian, only by
their louder cries, &c. ii. 474, there are four ways by which the
death of the king is said to be compassed, v. 34(5

Kingdoms, the foundations of them are of two sorts, iii. 3 17

King's-bench, first instituted by William the Conqueror, iv. 84,91,
its jurisdiction, ibid, dealt formerly only in crown matters,

iv. 91

Kinsale taken by the English, iii. 525, 526

Knighthood, anew order to be erected upon the union of England
and Scotland, iii. 277, to be conferred with some difference and
precedence upon the planting of Ireland, iii. 323

Knights of the Bath, v. 105, 106

Knight* s-service in cfipltc first instituted, what reservations the con-
queror kept to himself in the institution of this tenure, iv. 102, te-
nants by this service vowed homage and fealty to the king, iv.
104, every heir succeeding his ancestors, paid one year's profit
of the land to the king, ibid, it is a tenure, de persona rcgis, ibid,
tenures held this way cannot be alienated by the tenant without
licence of the king, iv. 105, a tenant to a ford by it, why first
instituted, iv. 106, a tenant to a lord by this service is not such of
the person of the lord, but of his manor, ibid.

Knights of the shire were required to be militesgladio cincti, iv. 236
Knovvd, his confession relating to Essex's treason, iii. 146, 1 83

Knowledge, its limits and ends, ii. 127, impediments, ii. 135

Knowledge, when indigested, ii. 15, discourse in praise of it, ii. 123
Knowledge ought to be purged of two things, v, 207

VOL. VI. I I

I N D E X.

LACEDAEMONIANS, ii. 436, besieged by the Athenians, ibid.

causes of their wars, ii. 32S

Laces, iii. 455

Lake, Sir Thomas, some account of him, v. 361, secretary of state,

vi. 92, 1 1 8, sworn of the council of Scotland, vi. 155, 233

Lake, lady, her submission, vi. 232

Lamia, the courtesan, ii. 416

Lambert Simnel, the impostor. See Simnel.

Lamps of sundry sorts, i. 379, 38 1 , burn a long time in tombs, i. 382
Land, the value of it sunk by usury, ii. 352

Lands, all in England were in the hands of the conqueror, except re-
ligious and church lands, and what belonged to the men of Kent,
iv. 97, left by the sea are the king's, iv. 98, are all holden of the
crown, iv. 102, in what cases only a man is attainted to lose them,
iv. 108, that are entailed, escheat to the king by treason, iv, 1 10,
when forfeited to the lord, and when to the crown, ibid, not passed
from one to another upon payment of money, unless there be a
deed indented and inrolled, iv. 120, how many ways conveyed,
iv. 117, settle according to the intent of the parties upon fines,
feoffments, recoveries, ibid, held in capite or socage, can be de-
vised only two parts of the whole, iv. 123, the rest descends to
the heir, and for what uses, ibid, the whole may be conveyed by
act, executed in the life-time of the party, iv. 1 24, entailed, are
reckoned part of the third, ibid, how a supply is to be made, when
the heir has not the full thirds, ibid, the power of the testator in
this case, iv. 1 24, 125, no lands are charged by way of tribute,
but all by way of tenure, iv. 234, were by the common law for-
merly not deviseable, iv. 173
Language, the being of one language a mark of union, iii. 490
Lanthony, prior of, made chancellor of Ireland, v. 110, 111
Lard put to waste taketh away warts, ii. 75
Larrey, Monsieur de, his history commended, v. 294
Lassitude, why remedied by anointing and warm water, i. 498
Lasting trees and herbs, i. 440, designation to make plants more
lasting than ordinary, i. 441
Late flowers and plants, i. 438
Latimer, bishop, his way to enrich the king, ii. 448
Latimer, notes on his case, vi. 286
Laud, Dr. his saying of hypocrites, ii. 419
Laudanum, its nature, i. 454-
Laughing, a continued expulsion of the breath, i. 493, is always
preceded by a conceit of something ridiculous, i. 494, whence its
several effects proceed, ibid.
Laws like cob-webs, ii. 454. tortured, the worst of tortures,
ii. 383, of Henry VII. v. 54, 60, breaches of the law of
nature and nations, iii. 485, 486, of England, second to none in
the Christian world, iii. 438

INDEX.

Laws penal, Sir Stephen Proctor's project relating to them,

iii. 348, et seq,

Lawgivers much commended, iv. 375, 379, were long after kings,

iv. 326

Laws of England, a proposal for amending them,.iv. 363, com-
mended, iv.366, are made up of customs of several nations, iv.

365, are not to be altered as to the matter, so much as the manner
of them, iv. 365, the dignity of such a performance, iv. 364-, and
the convenience of it, ibid, the inconveniences of our laws, iv.

366, what sort of them want most amending, ibid, a good direc-
tion concerning any doubts that happen in the law, ibid, whether
the form of statute or common law be best, iv. 369, the ad-
vantage of good laws, iv. 375, ours commended as to the matter
of them, iv. 379, the civilians saying, that law intends no wrong,
iv. 26, whether a man may not control the intendment of the law
by particular express words, iv. 67, the use of law, which con-
sists in three things chiefly — to secure men's persons from death
and violence, to dispose the property of their goods and lands,
and for the preservation of their good names from shame and in-
famy, iv. 82, very much favour life, liberty, and dower, iv. 186,
345, what effects they have upon the king, iv. 325, they operate
in foreign parts, iv. 331, are not super-induced upon any country
•by conquest, iv. 339, all national ones that abridge the law of na-
ture, are to be construed strictly, iv. 345, of England and Scot-
land are diverse and several, this is urged as an objection against
the naturalization of the Scots, and answered, iv. 339, 344, are
rather Jlgnra rtipubliccK than forma, iii. 298, our common laws are
not in force in Guernsey and Jersey, ibid, statute ones are not in
force in Ireland, ibid, do not alter the nature of climates, iii. 299,
the wisdom of them in the distribution of benefits and protections
suitable to the conditions of persons, iii. 300, &c. a review of our
laws much recommended, ibid, those of Scotland have the same
ground as of England, iii. 299, in general, may be divided into
threekinds, iii. 265, how they are to be ordered upon the union of
England and Scotland, iii. 280, 281, are divided into criminal
and civil, iii. 281, criminal ones are divided into capital and pe-
nal, ibid, were well maintained by king James, iv. 436, the rigour
of them complained of by foreigners, relating to traffic, iii. 338,
of nations, not to be violated by wars, iii. 40, of God, obscurely
known by the light of nature, but more fully discovered by revela-
tion, ii. 484. See Case.

Law-suits, most frequent in times of peace, with the reason of it,

iv. 7

Lawyers and popes, iv. 375, the study of lawyers cases recommend-
ed, ii. 375. Lawyers and clergymen more obsequious to their
prince in employments, v. 189, civil lawyers should not be dis-
countenanced, iii. 444.

Lead will multiply and grow> i. 524, an observation on mixing it
with silver, i. 524, ii. 197

Leagues within the state pernicious to monarchies, ii. 376. League
with the Hollanders for mutual strength, iii. 452

Leaning long upon any part, why it causeth numbness, i, 499

I I 2

I N D E X. ~

Leaping helped by weights in the hands, i. 454-

Learning, objections against it considered, i. 4, 20, its diseases, i. 28,
the dignity of learning, i. 40, public obstacles to it, i. 69, 70, 7!,

72, 73, 74

Learning, concerning the advancement thereof in the universities,

iii. 392, &c.

Leases for years, how made, iv. ] 12, they go to the executors,
ibid, are Forfeited by attainder, in treason, felony, prtemunire, kil-
ling himself, for flying, for standing out against being tried by the
country, by' conviction of felony, petty larceny, going beyond sea
without licence, ibid. &c.

Leases for lives, how made, iv. 313, in what cases forfeitable, and to
whom they are so, ibid.

Leaves nourish not, i, 266, 407, 457, how inlarged, i. 409, the
cause why they nourish not, i. 457, 453

Leaves three cubits long and two broad, i. 452, plants without leaves,

i. 512

Lectures for philosophy, two erected in perpetuum of two hundred
pounds per annum., by our author, at the universities, v. 585

Lee, employed between Essex and Tyrone, iii. 1 44, his confession
relating to Essex's treason, iii. 147

Lee, notes on his case, vi. 285

Leet, cotirt-leet, its institution was for three ends, iv. 310, the
power of this court, iv. 310, 31 1

Leets, stewards of leets and law-days, their authority, iv. 87

Left side and right, senses alike strong on each side, limbs strongest
on the right, ii. 33, the cause of each, . ibid.

Legacy, how property may be gained thereby, iv. 130, 131, what
debts must first be discharged before they are to be paid, iv. 131,
may be sold to pay debts upon any deficiency, ibid.

Leges, how far a union in them is desirable, iii. 265

Legier ambassadors, what, iii. 448, their care and duty, ibid.

Leicester, ii. 407, earl of, had the lease of the alienation office,

iv. 151

Leigh, Barnaby, vi. 178

Lemnos of old, dedicated to Vulcan, i. 486

Lenox, duke of, lord steward of the king's household, employed in
the inquiry into the poisoning of Sir Thomas Overbury, vi. 109,
sent to the lord chancellor, vi. 227, his letter to lord St. Alban,

vi. 305

Lepanto, victory of, iii. 474, put a hook into the nostrils of the Ma-
hometan?, ibid.

Lerma, duke of, vi. 241

Lessee, cases wherein he ha? discovered damages in trees being cut
down, and vet no property is from thence proved to be in him,

iv. 413

Letters, an appendix of history, i. S3, SO

Letters, when best for person* in business, ii. 369. Letters of fa-
.:,' so much out of the writers reputation, ii. 373

Letter relating to the poisoning of queen Elizabeth, &c. taken and
deciphered, iii. 1 16

Letters in the reign of queen Elizabeth. To a noble lord, v. '203,
(o the queen, with a' new year's gift, ibid, another on the same,

INDEX.

v. 204, to the same, concerning a star-chamber cause, ibid, to the
same with a present, v. 205, to the same, in excuse of his ab-
senting from court, ibid, to lord treasurer Burghley, upon deter-
mining his course of life, v. 206, to the same, thanking him for
a promise obtained from tne queen, v. 208, another on the same,
v. 210, to the same, offering service, v. 21 1, to the same, in ex-
cuse of his speech in parliament against the triple subsidy, v. 213,
to the lord keeper Puckering, concerning the solicitorship, v. 214,
to the same, from lord Essex, upon the same subject,, ibid, seven
more from Mr. Bacon, upon the same, v. 215, etseq. to the lord-
treasurer Burghley, recommending his first suit for the solicitor's
place, v. 219, seven to the lord keeper, y, 221, etseq. to the
same from the earl of Essex, in favour of Mr. Bacon, v. 226, to the
earl of Essex, with advice how to behave himself towards the
queen, v. 227, to the same, upon the queen's refusal of the au-
thor's service, v. 233, to the same, concerning the author's mar-
riage, v. 234-, to Sir John Stanhope, complaining of his neglect
of him, v. 235, three to the earl of Essex, v, 236, 237, trom Es-
sex to the queen, about her usage of him, v. 238, to Sir Robert
Cecil, intimating suspicion of unfair practices, v. 239, to the
same, expostulating upon his conduct towards the author, v.
2-1-0, to Fulke Grevil, complaining of the queen's neglect, v. 241,
•to lord Essex, desiring he would excuse to the queen his intention
of going abroad, v. 242, two to Sir Robert Cecil in France, v. 242,
243, of advice to Essex, to take upon him the care of Irish causes,
•when Mr. Secretary Cecil was in France, v. 244, of advice to
Essex, upon the first treaty with Tyrone, before the earl was no-
minated for the charge of Ireland, v. 246, of advice to Essex im-
mediately before -his going into Ireland, v. 248, to Essex, v. 252,
to the same, offering his service when he was first enlarged to Es-
sex-house, ibid, answer of Essex to the preceding letter of Mr.
Bacon, v. 253, to Essex, upon his being reconciled to the queen,
v. 254, to the same, ibid, to Sir Robert Cecil, clearing himself
of aspersions in the case of the earl of Essex, v. 255, to the lord
Henry Howard, on the same subject, v. 256, two letters framed,
the one as from Mr. Anthony Bacon to theearlof Essex, the other as
the earl's answer thereunto, to be shewn to the queen in order to
induce her to receive Essex again into favour, v. 257, 26 I, to Se-
cretary Cecil, after the defeating of the Spanish forces in Ireland,
inciting him to embrace the care of reducing that kingdom to civi-
lity, v. 262, considerations touching the queen's service in Ireland,
v. 264, to my lord of Canterbury, v. 270, to Sir Thomas Lucy,
thanking him for his assistance to his kinsman, ibid, to the earl of
Northumberland, a few days before queen Elizabeth's death, ten-
dering service, v. 27 1

Letters in the reign of king James, v. 272, to Mr. Fowlys, desiring
his acquaintance, ibid, to the same, on the king's coming in, v.
273, to Sir Thomas Chaloner, then in Scotland, before the king's

. entrance, desiring recommendation to his majesty, v. 274, to the
king, offering service upon his first coining, v. 275, to the lord
Kinloss, upon the king's entrance, desiring recommendation to
him, v. 277, to Dr. Morison, on the same subject, v. 278, to Mr.
Davis, gone to. meet the king, on Uie same subject, ibid, to Mr,

INDEX.

Kempe, of the situation of affairs upon the death of the queen, v.
279, to the earl of Northumberland, recommending a proclama-
tion to be made by the king at his entrance, v. 280, to the earl
of Southampton, upon the king's coming in, v. 28 1 , to' Mr. Mat-
thew, signifying the proceedings of king James at his first entrance,
v. 282, to the earl of Northumberland, giving some character or the
king at his arrival, v. 284-, to Mr. Murray, of the king's bed-
chamber, about knighting a gentleman, v. 285, to Mr. Pierce, se-
cretary to the lord deputy of Ireland, desiring an account of the
Irish affairs, ibid, to the earl of Northampton, desiring him to pre-
sent the Advancement of Learning to the king, v. 286, to Sir Tho-
mas Bodley, upon sending his book of Advancement of Learning,
v. 287, to the earl of Salisbury upon the same, v. 283, to the
lord treasurer Buckhurst, on the same subject, v. 289, to the lord
chancellor Egerton, on the same subject, v. 290, to Mr. Mat-
thew on the same subject, ibid, to Dr. Playfere desiring him to
translate the Advancement into Latin, v. 291, to the lord chancel-
lor, touching the History of Britain, v. 293, to the king, touching
the History of his Times, v. 296, of expostulation to Sir Edward
Coke, v. 297, to the earl of Salisbury, concerning the solicitor's
place, v. 298, another to him, suing for the solicitor's place, v.
299, to the lord chancellor, about the same, v. 300, to my
lady Packington, in answer to a message by her sent, v. 301, to
the king, touching the solicitor's place, v. 302, to the earl of Salis-
bury, upon a new year's tide, v. 303, to Mr. Matthew, imprisoned
for religion, v. 304, to Mr. Matthew, with some of his writings,
v. 305, to Sir George Carew, on sending him the treatise, Infe-
licem meinoriam Elizabtthce,v. 306, to the king, upon presenting the
Discourse touching the Plantation of Ireland, v. 307, to the bishop
of Ely, upon sending his writing intitled, Cogitctta ct Visa, v. 308,
to Sir Thomas Bodley, desiring him to return the Cogitataet Visa,
v. 310, Sir Thomas Bodley's letter to Sir Francis Bacon, about his
Cogitata tt Visa, v. 31 1, to Mr. Matthew, upon sending to him
a part of Instauratio magna, v. 318, to Mr. Matthew, concerning
his treatise of the felicities of queen Elizabeth, and the Instauratio
magna, v. 319, to the same, with a memorial of queen Elizabeth,
v. 320, to the same, upon sending his book, De sapient ia vctcrwn,
v. 321, to the king, asking a promise to succeed to the attorney's
place, v. 322, another on the same subject, v. 323, to the prince
of Wales, dedicating his Essays to him, v. 324, to the earl of Salis-
bury, requesting a place, v. 325, to the lord mayor of London,
complaining of his usage of Mr. Bernard, ibid, to Sir Vincent Skin-
ner, camplaining of his non-payment of some monies, v. 327, to Sir
Henry Saville, concerning a discourse upon the intellectual pow-
ers, v. 328, to Mr. Matthew, about his writings, and the death
of a friend, v. 335, two to the king, concerning Peacham, v.
338, et seq. to the king, concerning the lord chancellor's recovery,
v. 342, to the king, touching Peacham, &c. v. 343, to the king,
touching my lord chancellor's amendment, &c. v. 350, to the
king, concerning Owen's cause, &c. v. 351, to the king, with
lord Coke's answers concerning Peacham's case, v. 351, to the
king, about Peacham's papers, v. 354, another on the same sub-
ject, v. 355, to the king about his majesty's revenue, v. 360, to the

INDEX.

king, with an an account of Mr. St. John's trial, v. 361, to the
king, concerning the new company, v. 363, to Sir George Vil-
liers, about Roper's place, v. 366, to the king, concerning Mur-
ray, ibid, to the king, against the new company, v, 369, to the
king, touching the chancellor's sickness, v. 371, to the king, re-
lating to the chancellor's place, ibid, to the king, of the chancel-
lor's amendment, and the difference begun between the chancery
and king's bench, v. 374-, to Sir George Villiers, on the same sub-
ject, v. 376, to Sir George Villiers, about swearing him into the
privy council, v. 377, to the king, concerning the praemunire in
the king's bench against the chancery, v. 378, to the king, on the
breach of the new company, v. 383, to Sir George VilJiers, soli-
citing to be sworn of the privy council, v. 387, to his majesty,
about the earl of Somerset, ibid, to his majesty, about the chan-
cellor's place, v. 389, two to Sir George Villiers, about the earl of
Somerset, v. 391,etseq. a letter to the king, relating to Somer-
set's trial, with his majesty's observation upon it, v. 395, to Sir
George Villiers, about the earl of Somerset, v. 398, to Sir George
Villiers, of Somerset's arraignment, ibid, to the king, about Somer-
set's examination, v. 402, an expostulation to the lord chief justice
Coke, v. 403, to Sir George Villiers, putting him in mind of a
former suit, v. 411, to the king, about thecommendams, v. 412, to
Sir George Villiers, upon accepting a place in council, v. 420, to
the same, concerning the affair of the commendams, v. 421, two
to Sir George Villiers, about restoring Dr. Burgess to preach, v.
435, 436, to the same, of lady Somerset's pardon, v. 437, to the
same, recommending a gentleman to be solicitor in Ireland, v.
438, to the same, about Irish affairs, ibid, to the king, with the
preface of Sir George Villiers's patent, v. 441, to Sir George
Villiers, on sending his bill for viscount, v. 442, to the same, on
sending his patent, v. 443, to the king, of Sir George Villiers's
patent, v. 445, to Sir George Viliiers, on sending his patent seal-
ed, v. 446, to the same, acknowledging the king's faA^our, v. 447,
to the king, of the cloathing business, ibid, to the lord viscount
Villiers, on the same subject, v. 448, to the lord viscount Villiers,
concerning the patentfor licencing inns, v. 451, to the same, with
Bertram's case. v. 452, to Sir Francis Bacon, from Lord Villiers,
concerning Bertram, v. 453, to the lord viscount Villiers, of the
improving his lands and the revenues of his places, v. 455, to the
same about duels, v. 459, to the same, concerning the farmer's
cause, v. 462, to the earl of Buckingham, on the author's being
declared lord keeper of the great seal, ibid, to the same, concerning
the queen's household, v. 463, to the university of Cambridge, in
answer to their congratulation, v. 464, to the earl of Buckingham,
of lord Brackley's patent, v. 46'5, to the same, concerning the
queen's business, v. 466, to Mr. Matthew, censuring some
astronomers in Italy, ibid, to the king, about the Spanish match,
v. 467, to the earl of Buckingham, of his taking his place in
chancery, v. 469, the earl of Buckingham's answer, v. 475, to
the earl of Buckingham, recommending Mr. Lovvder to be one of
the barons in Ireland, v. 476, to the same, dissuading the match
between his brother and lord Coke's daughter, v. 476, 48 1 , to the
king, on the same subject, v. 478, 482, to the earl oi Bucking-

INDEX.

ham, of his brothers match, v. 483, a letter of thanks to the earl
of Buckingham, v. 486, to the same, with the certificate touching
the enrollment of apprentices, v. 487, four to the same, of re-
trenching the expences of the king's houshold, v. 488, to the
king, from the lords of the council, on the same subject, v. 493,
to Mr. Matthew, desiring his judgment of his writings, v. 496, to
the marquis of Buckingham, o^ different affairs, ibid, the marquis's
answer, v. 499, to the king, asking his directions concerning
the charge to be given the judges before the circuits, ibid, to the
lord chancellor, from Buckingham, concerning the treatment of
the papists, v. 500, to the marquis of Buckingham, concerning
lord Clifton's traducing the author, v. 501, to the same, concern-
ing the revenue, v. 502, to the same, of staying two grants at the
seal, and of the commission of wards in Ireland, v. 503, to the
same, of his mother's patent, ibid, to the same, of staying a patent
at the seal, v. 504, to the same, of the navy, v. 507, to the same,
' soliciting the farm of the profits of the alienations, v. 508, to the
same, concerning the affair of the Dutch merchants, who had ex-
ported immense quantities of gold and silver, v. 508, Buckingham's
answer, v. 5 10, two to the marquis of Buckingham, concerning
the revenue, v. 5 11, 512, to the king, concerning the gold and
silver thread business, v. 512, to the same, proposing to regulate
his finances, v. 513, to themarquis of Buckingham, giving him
an account of several matters, v. 5J4, Buckingham's answer,
ibid. Buckingham to the lord chancellor, ibid, to Sir Thomas
Leigh and Sir Thomas Puckeridge, in favour of a man whose
house was burnt down, v. 516, to the marquis of Buckingham,
concerning the pursuivants, ibid, two from Buckingham to the
lord chancellor, v. 517, 518, to the marquis of Buckingham, con-
cerning the ort ttnus against the Dutch, v. 518, Buckingham's
answer, v. 520, to the marquis of Buckingham, concerning the
earl of Suffolk's submission, v. 520, Buckingham's answer, v.521,
to the marquis of Buckingham, of Suffolk's sentence, v. 522, to
the same, of the Dutchmen's cause, v. 523, to the same, concern-
ing the revenue, v. 524, to the same, with Sir Thomas Lake's -
submission, v. 525, Buckingham's answer, ibid, to the marquis of
Buckingham, concerning the Dutch cause, ibid. Buckingham's
answer, v. 526, to the marquis of Buckingham, of justice Coke's
death, v. 527, to the same, of the revenue business, ibid, to the
marquis of Buckingham, of a remembrancer in chancery, v. 529,
to the king, of preparing for a parliament, v. 531, to the marquis
of Buckingham, of the parliament business, v. 532, Buckingham's
answer, v. 534, from the king to my lord chancellor, upon his
lordship's sending to his majesty his Novwn Organuni, v. 535, to
the marquis of Buckingham, with a draught of a proclamation for
a parliament, ibid. Buckingham's answer, v. 541, to Sir Henry
Wotton, with his Novum Orgamim, v. 541, 542, to Mr. Mat-
thew, believing his danger less than he found it, v. 543, to the
same, expressing great acknowledgment and kindness, v. 543, to
the same, ownin? his impatient attention to do him service, v. 544,
to the marqui> ot Buckingham, of summoning the prince to par-
liament, ibid, to the same, of parliament business, v. 546, Buck-

INDEX.

ingham to the lord chancellor, approving the proclamation for a
parliament, v. 548, Buckingham to the same, of the king's speech
to his parliament, ibid, three to the king, imploring favour, v. 549,
ct seq. to the prince of Wales returning thanks for his favours, v.
5,52, to the king, returning thanks for his liberty, v. 553, to the
marquis of Buckingham, returning thanks for his good offices, v.
55-1-, a memorial for his majesty's service, ibid, to the marquis of
Buckingham, soliciting him to stay at London, v. 556, to the king,
soliciting to be restored to favour, v. 558, Buckingham to the lord
St. Alban, with his majesty's warrant for his pardon, v. 559,
Buckingham writes three familiar letters to the lord St. Alban, v.
559, 560, the lord St. Alban to Buckingham, professing great
affection, and begging a kind construction of his letters, v. 562, to
the marquis of Buckingham, concerning the staying his pardon at
the seal, v. 559, to the king, with his History of Henry the 6V-
vcnth, v. 562, to the marquis of Buckingham, high admiral of
England, with the History of Henry the Seventh, v. 563, lord St.
Alban to a Barnabite monk, about points in philosophy, v. 564,
to the king, imploring assistance, v. 566, to Mr. Matthew, em-
ploying him to do a good office with a great man, v. 57 1, to the
lord Digby, on his going to Spain, v. 572, to Mr. Matthew, con-
cerning sincere friendship, ibid, an expostulation to the marquis
of Buckingham, v. 573, Buckingham to the lord St. Alban, con-
cerning his warrant and access to the king, v. 575, to the mar-
quis of Buckingham, recommending Mr. Matthew, ibid, to the
cluke of Buckingham, soliciting his favour, v. 577, Buckingham's
answer, ibid, to the duke of Buckingham, presenting the De aug-
jncntis scientiarum, v. 578, Buckingham's answer, ibid, to the
duke of Buckingham, concerning his suit to his majesty for a full
pardon, and a translation of his honours after his death, v. 579,
Buckingham's answer, v. 580, to the lord treasurer Marlborough,
expostulating about his unkir.clness and injustice, v. 582, to the
king, petitioning for a total remission of his sentence, ibid, answer
to the foregoing, by king James, v. 584, the lord viscount St. Al-
ban to Drv Williams, bishop of Lincoln, concerning his writings,
&c. ibid, the bishop's answer, v. 585, to the queen of Bohemia,
with a discourse on a war with Spain, v. 587, to the marquis de
Fiat, relating to his Essays, v. 588, to the earl of Arundel and
Surry, just before his death, being the last letter he ever wrote,

v. 588

Letters patents, whether they might be given of the dignity of earl-
dom, without delivery by the kjng's own hand, v. 465, Brackley's
case relating to this query, with the other nearest precedents to it,

v. 474

Levant, concerning the trade thither, iii. 337, account of our mer-
chants sufferings therein, iii. -338

Leucadians. a superstitious usage among them, ii. 33

Lewis XI. of Fiance, ii. 72, his secresy, ii. 317, makes peace with
Edward IV. v. 6, a design of his about their laws, iv.363, 379

Lewis XII. stamped coins of gold with a motto., upon the kingdom's
being interdicted by the pope, iv. 423

Lewis XII. notifies to Henry VII, his conquest of Milan, v. 153

INDEX.

.Lewis, Mr. license granted to him, vi. 222

Lex rtgia, what it was, iv. 63

Ley, Sir James, lord Ley, lord treasurer, well affected to lord
viscount St. Alban's interest, vi. 379, and note (b)

Libels, the females of sedition, and gusts of restrained liberty
of speech, v. no

Libel, observations on one published, anno Domini, 1592, iii. 40, the
design of the author of it, iii. 4.5, would infuse groundless fears
of Spain into us, iii. 63, endeavours to stir up discontent in the na-
tion, on account of the uncertainty of succession to the crown at
that time, iii. 65, &c. many instances of the untruths and abuses
contained therein, iii. 92, &c. the great impudence manifested
therein, . iii. 101

Libellers, are condemned by the law of nations, iii. 40

Liberties, what sort proper to allow to the undertakers for the plan-
tation of Ireland, iii, 324
Licences for losses, are to be granted cautiously, iv. 525
Life, the taking it away how to be punished in several cases, iv.
390, 391, perpetual continuance of it no ways desirable, ii. 478
Life, by what courses prolonged, i. 350
Light, by refraction shews greater, i. 509
Lights over great, offend the eyes, ii. 31
Light comtbrteth the spirits, ii. 6.5, especially light varied, ibid.
Lignum aloes, ii. 39
Lincoln, John, earl of, son of John de !a Pole, duke of Suffolk, and
Elizabeth, eldest sister or' Edward IV, v. 27., intended for the
crown by Richard III. ibid, carefully watched by Henry VII. ibid,
sails into Flanders, ibid, lands in Lancashire, v. 30, slain in the
battle near Newark, v. 32, 33
Lincostis, an herb growing in the water, i. 462
Liquefaction, its cause, ii. 16
Liqtiefiable and not liquefiable, ii. 16, bodies that liquefy by fire,
ibid, others by water, ibid, some- liquefy by both, ibid.
Liquors, infusions in them, i. 250, appetite or continuation in them,

i. 253,350

Liquors, their clarification, i. 355, 356, 357, 358, three causes there-
of, ibid, preservation of liquors in wells or vaults, i. 385. Liquors
compressed, ii. 29, their incorporation with powders, i. 353

Liturgy, to be used with reverence, ii. 537, how to be composed,
ik 538, the exceptions against ours are trifling, ibid.

Liver, how to cure a schirrus of it, i. 417, how opened, ii. 217

Lives, a branch of civil history, i. 84

Livia, ii. 434, 439, sorted well with the policy of her husband, and
the dissimulation of her son, ii. 263, poisoned her husband, ii. 298,
iv. 475, secured her son's succession by false fames of Augustus's
recovery, ii. 396

Living creatures that generate at certain seasons only, i. 507, others
at all seasons, ibid, the cause of each, ibid, their several times of
bearing m the womb, i. 50S, et seq. the causes thereof, ibid, the
several numbers which they bring forth at a burden, i. 509, the
causes, ibid. Living creatures that will be transmuted into an-
other species, i. 426. Living creatures foreshew weather,

ii. 5, 7, 8

INDEX. .

Livy, his description of Cato Major, ii. 250, his remark on Antio-

chus and the Atolians, ii. 379, 38O

Loadstone, its operation by consent, ii. 47

Logic, i. 132

London, contributed more than 90001. to the benevolence of Henry

VII. v. 8J

Lopez, his design of poisoning queen Elizabeth, iii. 108, 109, holds

a correspondence with several in Spain on that account, i'i. 109,

the method of his proceeding in that affair, iii. 109, 110, 11 1, agrees

to poison the queen for 50,000 crowns, iii. 1 14, his contrivances to

keep concealed, ibid, a letter intercepted relating to his plot, iii.

1 16, is discovered and convicted, iii, 116, &c.

Lopping trees, makes them spread and bushy, i. 398

Lot's otter, ii. 10S

Love, the Platonic's opinion of it, ii. 57, procured by sudden

glances and darings of the eye, ibid, without ends lasting, i. 5 15.

v. 572

Love, who least liable to extravagant love, ii. 274, its tides, ibid,
nuptial, friendly, and wanton love, ii. 275

Lovelace, Leonard, vi. 246, 247

Lov -I, viscount, attainted, v. 15, heads the forces against Henry
VII. v. 18, flies into Lancashire, and sails to Flanders to the
lady Margaret, ibid, invades England with Irish and Dutch, v.
28, various accounts of his death, v. 33

Low-countries, said to have the same succession of weather every
thirty-five years, ii. 390

Low-countries, their afflicted condition, iii. 55, their defection from
the king of Spain, iii. 79, iii. 83

Low's case of tenures, iv. 234, whether his tenancy was in capite,
or in soccage, ibid, arguments for its being in capite, iv.233to
242, the cases seemingly against it a-iswered, iv. 21-2, &c.

Lowder, Mr. solicitor to the queen, made one of the barons of the
exchequer in Ireland, vi. 156, 163

Lucciole, a fly in Italy shining like glow-worms, i. 490

Lucky and unlucky, ii.56

Lucretius's exclamation against religion, upon the sacrifice of Aga-
memnon, ii. 260
Lucullus entertains Pompey, ii. 440, why he calls Pompey a carrion

crow, ii. 445, 446. Vide i. 360.

Lunacy in children, how occasioned, ii. 70

Lupins help both roots and grain, i. 468

Lust, the impressions thereof, i. 494

Lutes, why old ones sound better than new, i. 333, 334

Lycurgus thought to reduce the state of Sparta to a democracy,

ii. 437

Lycurgus, his laws were of long continuance, iv. 377, an answer
of his to one who advised him to set aside kingly government,

iv. 322

Lydia, near Pergamus, i. 280

Lye implies a man's being brave towards God, and a coward to-
wards men, ii. 255, why the last peal to judgment, ibid, tell a

INDEX.

lye and find a truth, says the Spaniard, ii. 265, in transacting em-
bassies, ii. 380

Lye, our law condemned as not having provided a sufficient pu-
nishment for those who use this word, iv. 407. Francis I. of
France, made this word so disgraceful as it now is, ibid. Solon's
answer to one who asked him why he made no punishment for this
word, ibid, the civilians dispute whether an action of injury .
will lie for it, ibid.

Lying, in what kind of posture healthful, i. 499

M.

MACEDON, its glory founded in poverty, iii. 307, compared with
Spain, iii. 76

Machiavel, ii. 230, 348, 389

Macro, ii. 344-

Macrobius, ii .400

Macrocephali, i. 256

Madness, a remedy for it, i. 231

Mad dog, i. 353

Magical operations, ii. 43, et seq.

Magic, i. 109

Magic, natural, ii. 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54.
Magic of the Persians, our author's opinion concerning it, iii. 257
Magistrates subordinate, directions for their conduct, iv. 84, can-
not be invested with the personal prerogative and power of the
king, ibid. &c.

Magnalia naiurcc, i. 337

Mahomet, ii.279

Mahometans, who propagate religion by the sword> yet use there-
in no secret murders, iv. 444
Maiz, i. 267
Male birds, why the best singers, i. 336
Male and female, the difference of them in several living creatures,
ii. 22, the causes thereof, ii. 23. Male and female in plants, ii.
451. Male piony good for the falling sickness and incubus,

ii. 67

Maleficiating, practised in Gascony, ii. 37

Malt, i. 463, its swelling and increase, ibid, its sweetness, ibid.

Man, knowledge of, how divided, i. 118

Man was created in the image of God, ii. 483, judged falsely of the

rules of good and evil, ii. 484, his fall, and the ill effects thereof,

ibid, is compared to an Indian fig-tree, ii. 475, is irrrproveable in

the mind, as well as body, v. 330, how his body is improveable

^ in many instances, v. 330, 331

ftlan, a plant turned upwards, i. 45 1

Man's flesh eaten, i. 254, breedeth the French disease, ibid, causeth

high imaginations, i. 254, ii. 27, not in itself edible, ibid, the

cause, ibid, how eaten by canibals, ibid, wherefore eaten by

witches, ibid.

INDEX.

Mandeville, lord, a letter to him and lord chancellor Bacon from the
marquis of Buckingham, vi. 268

Mandrakes, the ill use made of them, i. 454«

Manna, i. 216, of Calabria best and most plentiful, i. 518

Manners, how far an union of them in kingdoms is to be desired,

iii. 265

Manors, how at first created, iv. 106, whence they had their name,

ibid.

Mansell, Sir Robert, committed to the Marshalsea, and brought be-
fore the council-table, vi. 65, 68, and note (6), his account brought
in slowly in the king's opinion, vi. 208, 279

Manslaughter, what it is, and its punishment, iv. 83, our law makes
a difference very justly between it and murder in malice pre-
pense, iv. 404, 405
Manuel Andrada practised the death of Antonio king c-f Portugal,
comes into England, and is thereupon apprehended, iii. 1 1 i
Manufactures, workers thereof how punishable, unless they have
served seven years apprenticeship, iv. 394-
Manufactures foreign, should be prohibited where the materials are
superfluities, v. 171, our own should be encouraged, iii. 4.55.
Manufactures of old generally wrought by slaves, ii. 327
March, towards the end, the best discoverer of summer sickness,

ii. 3

Marchers, lordships, abolished by statute of 27 Henry VIII. iv. 258,
court of Marches maintained its jurisdiction, ibid, what meant by
the word Marches, ibid, is as old as Edward IVth time, iv. 259,
the extent of it, ibid. &c. the intention of the king in the election
of it, ibid, the sense of the word Alarches settled by several argu-
ments, and its authority justified, iv. 260, 261, 262, argu-
ments to prove that it signifies lordship's Marches, iv. 261,
276, a confutation of those arguments, iv, 262,276, different
significations of Marches, with the arguments in defence of them,
iv. 262, &c. the whole debate upon this matter summed up, iv.
271 to 284, statute of 34 of Henry VIII. relating to the Marches
explained, iv. 271. Marches distinguished from lordships
Marchers, iv. 276, several arguments collected together on this
head, which were unanswered, iv. 277

Marchio, a marquis, whence derived, iv. 257

Margaret, lady, v. 19, second sister of Edward IV. and dowager of
Charles the hardy duke of Burgundy, v. 28, had the spirit of a
man, and'the malice of a woman, ibid, raises the ghost of the se-
cond son of Edward IV. v. 91, reflected on by Dr. Warham,
v. 103, not mentioned in the account of Perkins's examination,

v. 14S

.Margaret, eldest daughter of Henry VII. married to James IV. of
Scotland, v. 165, her line succeeds to the crown, v. 196

Maritime countries need not fear a surcharge of people, iii. 295

Markham, Gervase, esq. his quarrel with lord Darcy, vi. 132

Marl, why esteemed the best compost, i. 445

Marlborough, lord, made treasurer, v. 582

Marriage recommended, ii. 106, the laws and conditions of mar-
riage, ii. 107

INDEX.

Marriage and single life, ii. 107. Marriage despised by the Turks,

ibid.

Marriage by the book, and not by the swordx v. 75, between the

crowns of England sad Scotland, how caused, v. 138

Marriage of wards, a political reservation oi William the' Conqueror,

iv. 103

Marrow more nourishing than fat, i. 266, of two kinds, i. 505

Marshal's office, what it is, iv. 316

Marshalsea first erected, iv. 85, its design, jurisdiction, and extent
thereof, ibid.

Mart, letters thereof, how vain and dangerous a remedy of the Spa-
nish grievances, iii. 338
Martin, Richard, esq. his letter to Sir Francis Bacon, vi. 1 20, ac-
count of him, ibid, note (a)
Martin, lady, widow of Sir Richard Martin, her cause recommended
to the lord chancellor by the marquis of Buckingham, vi. 270
Martyrdom miraculous, because it exceeds the power of human na-
ture, i. 391
Mary, second daughter of Henry VII. v. 176, married to Charles
prince of Castile, afterwards Charles V. v. 1 84-
Mary, queen, a conspiracy against her to kill her by a burning-glass,

i. 302

Masks, ii. 345

Massacre in Paris, ii. 407, 260

Mathematics, i. i08

Matrimony, what tempers best disposed for it, * . ii. 268

Matthew, Mr. some account of him, v. 282

Matthew, Dr. Tobie, archbishop of York, vi. 144, 396

Matthew, Tobie, acts the part of the squire in the earl of Essex's
device, v\. 22, note (/;), letter to Sir Francis Bacon, vi. 91, ac-
countofhim, ibid, note (a), letters to Sir Francis Bacon, vi. 112,
115, 117, 200, 217, 241, 246, he advertises his lordship of a
design of the Roman Catholics, vi. 327, a good friend of lord
viscount St. Alban, vi. 348, letter to him from that lord, vi. 348,
352, 354, 355, arrives at Madrid, vi. 348, a petition of lord vis-
count St. Alban put into his hands, vi. 372, letters to him from
lord vicount St. Alban, vi. 394, 395, 396, his letter to that lord,
vi. 395, his letter to him when attorney-general, vi. 91, he was
son to the archbishop of York, ibid.

Maturation, i. 358, of drinks, ii. 14, of fruits, i. 358, 359, 360, 361,
ii. 25. Maturation or digestion, how best promoted by heat,

i. 359, 360, 361

Maule, Patrick, vi. 1 88, 262

Maximilian, king of the Romans, v. 37, 40, unstable and necessitous,

v. 46, encouraged by Henry VII. to proceed, to a match with

Ann, heir of Britainy, v. 65, and married to her by proxy, v. 67,

but. when defeated, his behaviour, v. 77, 78, disappoints king

Henry VII. v. 88, his league with Henry VII. v. 114

Maxims in law, several advantages of a collection of them, iv. 16,

ihe method followed by our author in this collection, which is set

INDEX.

down and explained by instances ; doubtful cases in them cleared
up, where they take place, and in what cases they fail,

iv. 16 to 81

Maxwell, James, wishes lord viscount St. Albans well, vi. 37 i

Maxwell, Robert, vi. 192

May, Sir Humphry, chancellor of the duchy of Lancaster, vi. 255,

letters to him from the lord Bacon, vi. 278, 37 V

Maynwaring, Sir Arthur, vi. 2 1 8

Mayor and companies of London receive Henry VII, at Shoreditch,

v. 10, meet pope Alexander's nuncio at London-bridge, v. 141

Meats inducing satiety, i. 354*

Meautys, Thomas, brought to kiss the king's hand, vi. 288, letters

to the lord St.* Alban, vi. 319, 300, 302, 304, 314, 315, 20J,

333

Mecsenas, his advice to Augustus touching Agrippa, ii. 316

Mechanics, t i. 1 10

Mediator, the necessity thereof, ii. 482, the mystery of this dispensa-
tion, ibid.
Medicine, i. 118
Medicines changed, helpful, i. 277
Medicines which affect the bladder, i, 288. Medicines condensing
which relieve the spirits, i. 500
Medicinable herbs, i. 417, soporiferous medicines, ii. 69
Megrims, whence, i. 499
Melancholy, preservative against it, ii. 217
Melancholy persons dispose the company to the like, ii. 56
Melioration of fruits, trees, and plants, i.397, etseq.
Melo-cotones, ii. 400, grow best without grafting, ii. 404, the cause
thereof, ibid.
Melting of metals, observations thereon, ii. 200
Memory, the art of, i. 132, ii. 63, persons better places than words,
ibid. Memory, how strengthened, ii. 69
Men, are all by nature naturalized towards one another, iv. 345
Mendoza, ii. 41-9
Menstruums, ii. 203
Merchandizes, an argument proving the king's right of impositions
on them, iii. 373
Merchandising, how to be ordered after the union of England and
Scotland, iii. 281-
Merchants, their importance, ii. 299, how they convey blessings to
any country, ii. 352, promoted by Henry VII. v. 51, 127, &c.
negociations about them directed by queen Elizabeth, iii. 448
Merchants, several errors in their complaints about trade, iii. 332, &c.
the hardships of those who trade to Spain and the Levant, ibid,
they ought not to urge to a direct war upon account of their
particular sufferings by the enemy, iii. 334, their injuries farther
shewn to be not so great as represented, iii. 335, a report of the
earl of Salisbury and earl of Northampton's speeches concerning
their petition upon the Spanish grievances, iii. 330, 347, are di-
vided into two sorts, iii. 331, several considerations relating
to them, iii. 330, &c.
Mercurial and sulphureous bodies, i. 37 $

INDEX.

Mercy and justice the two supports of the crown, iii. 437, 443,

iii. 452

Merick, Sir Gilly, the effect of what passed at his arraignment,

iii. 179

Meroe, the metropolis of ./Ethiopia, i. 389

Messages of the king, whether to be received from the bod)- of
the council, or from the king's person only, iii. 369, how far the
authority of the king is concerned in this question, iii. 370, how
'far the house of commons is concerned in it also, ibid, from the
king to the commons are to be received by their speaker, iii. 372
Metals, the colours they give in dissolution, i. 350, the causes
thereof, ibid.

Metals and plants, wherein they differ, i. 450, growing of metals,
i. 524-, drowning ofrnetals, i.525, refining of metals not sufficiently
attended to, ii. 21. Metalline vapours hurtful to the brain, ii. 51
Metals, an inquisition touching the compounding of them, ii. 1 87,
for magnificence and delicacy, ii. 189, drowning of metals, ii. 190,
separation of them, ii. 199, 200, 201, variation of them, ii. 201,
£02, 203, all metals may be dissolved, ii. 205, often fired and
quenched grow churlish, and will sooner break than bow, v. 145.
Bell-metal, how compounded, ii. 198, sprouting of metals, ii. 202,
205, tinging of metal, ii. 205, volatility of metals, its degrees,
ii. 203, fixation of metals, ibid.

Metaphysics, i. 104

Metellus opposes Ccesar, ii. 445

Methusalem water, ii. 219

Meverel,his answer touching minerals, ii. 197, 200

Military men, when dangerous to a state, ii. 289, 300, love dan-
ger better than labour, ii. 327, had greater encouragement from
the ancients than the moderns, ii. 330, how improved here, v. 62,

63

Military men, how to be punished if they go abroad without proper

leave, iv. 389

Military puissance consists of men, money, and confederates, iii. 531

Milk, warm from the cow, a great nourisher, i. 263, a remedy in

consumptions, ibid, how to be used, ibid, cow's milk better than

ass's or woman's milk, ibid. Milk in beasts how to be increased,

i. 5 17. Milk used for clarification of liquors, i. 357, good to steep

divers seeds in, i. 406, preserving of milk, i- 385. Milk in plants,

i. 460

Mildew on corn from closeness of air, i. 416, 469, but seldom

comes on hills and champaign grounds, i. 469

Minced meat a great nourisher, i 269, how to be used, ibid.

Mind, cultivation of, , i. 161, 177, 192

Minerals, i. 486, ii. 194, should be industriously followed, iii. 455

Minerals, questions and solutions about incorporating them, ii. 194

Mines, a law-case relating to them between lessor and lessee, iv. 222

are part of an inheritance, iv. 214

Ministry, equality therein in the church is condemned, ii. 512, an

able one to be chosen, ii. 541, a very good method in training

them up, ii. 542, 543

Minorities, states often best governed under minorities, whence,

i. 13

INDEX.

Minos, in what his laws were famous, Iv. 377

Mint, a certificate relating to the scarcity of silver there, iii. 383
Miracles to be distinguished from impostures and illusions, ii. 91, the
end of them, ibid, were never wrought but with a view to man's
redemption, ii. 483

Mirror, ii. 401 , 402

Mitchel, Sir Francis, vi. 1 87, 194, note (6)

Misadventure, what it is, iv. 405, in case thereof cities of refuge pre-
pared, ibid.
Misprision of treason, how a man becomes guilty thereof, iv. 293,
the method of trial, punishment, and other proceedings relating
thereto, ibid.
Misseltoe, a particular account of it, i. 433
Mithridates, ii. 445
Mixture of solids and fluids diminishes their bulk, i. 261, what bo-
dies mix best together, i. 350, 353
Mixture of earth and water in plants, i. 374. Mixture of kinds in
plants not found out, i. 410. Mixture imperfectly made, ii. 13,
of liquors by simple composition, ii. 213
Mixtures, concerning perfect and imperfect ones, iii. 264, two con-
ditions of perfect mixture, iii. 266
Moist air, how discovered, ii. 4-
Moisture adventitious, cause of putrefaction, i. 365. Moisture qua-
lifying heat, the effect, i. 489. Moisture, the symptoms of its
abounding in human bodies, i. 478, 479. Moisture increased by
the moon, ii. 38, 39, trial of it in seeds, ii. 39, in men's bodies,
ii. 39, 40, force of it in vegetables, i. 414?
Mompesson, Sir Giles, censured for his severe oppressions, v. 451,

vi. 187, 194

Monarchy without nobility absolute, ii. 282. Nebuchadnezzar's tree
of monarchy, ii. 325, abridgment of monarchy to be master of
the sea, ii. 329, elective and hereditary, iii. 500

Monarchical government, difference between it and commonwealths,
iv. 328, commended, iii. 404, iv. 322, is founded in nature, iv.
332, two arguments in proof thereof taken from the patterns of it,
found in nature and original submissions, with motives thereto,

ibid, &c.

Monarchies, the poor beginnings of several taken notice of, iii. 307>

308

Money, like muck, not good except it be spread, ii, 287, how far
the sinews of war, ii. 324

Monies, upon the union of England and Scotland to have the same
image, superscription, &c. iii. 277, to counterfeit, clip, &c. the
king's money, is high treason, iv. 388, the fineness of it an advan-
tage of queen Elizabeth's reign, iii. 54
Monk, Sir Thomas, vi. 193
Monopolies, their improvement, ii. 340, the cankers of all trading,

iii. 456

Monopoly, a company so called, dissolved, iii. 333

Monsters in Africa, their original, i. 410

Montagu, Sir Henry, vi. 97, made lord chief justice of the king's

bench, vi, 131, 189, 203, 226, made lord treasurer, vi. 263, 265

VOL. VI, K K

INDEX.

Montagu, Dr. James, Bishop of Winchester, vi. 189

Montagu, bishop of Bath and Wells, some account of him, v. 436
Montgomery, Philip earl of, vi. 302, commended for his honesty,

vi. 360, 362

Moon attractive of heat out of bodies, i. 279, means of the trial of it,

ibid.

Moon's influences, ii. 38, 39, 40, it increaseth moisture, ii. 39
Moors eat no hares flesh, ii. 454, of Valentia, their extirpation,

iii. 474
More, Sir Thomas, ii. 425, his pleasant way of repressing bribery,

ii, 426. See ii. 451,455.

Morley, lord, sent with 1000 men to aid Maximilian, v. 66, raises the
siege of Dixmude, and is slain, ibid.

Morley, acts the part of the secretary of state, in the earl of Essex's
device, vi. 23, note (b)

Morrice-dance of heretics, a feigned title, ii. 258

Morsus diaboli, an herb, why so called, i. 464

Mortification proceeding from opiates, or intense colds, i. 366

Mortified parts by cold must not approach the fire, i. 520, cured by
applying snow, ibid, or warm water, ibid.

Morton, John, bishop of Ely, made counsellor to Henry VII. v. 16,
17, and archbishop of Canterbury, v. 17, his speech to the par-
liament as chancellor about the affair of Brittany, v. 46, thought
to advise a law for his own preservation, v. 55, grows odious to
court and country, ibid, his answer to the French king's ambassa-
dors, v. 74, his crotch or fork to raise the benevolence, v. 81,
created cardinal, v. 85, reckoned a grievance by the people, v.
129, his death, v. 158, an inveterate enemy of the house of York,

ibid.

Moss, a kind of mouldiness of earth and trees, i. 367, 450. Vide

429, 430, where it groweth most, i. 430, 431, the cause of it, ibid.

what it is, ibid. Moss, sweet, ibid, in apple-trees sweet, i. 431,

ii. 12, in some other trees, i. 461, of a dead man's skull stanched

blood potently, ii. 70

Moth, i. 481

Mother, suppressed by burning feathers, and things of 511 odour,

ii.54

Mother's diet affecteth the infant in the womb, ii. 69

Motion hindereth putrefaction, i. 368

Motion of bodies caused by pressure, i. 247. Motion of liberty, i.
248. Motion of gravity, i. 510. Motion of consent, i. 262, 274,
ii. 30, 47. Motion in men by imitation, &c. i. 352. Motion
after death, i. 389. Motion of attraction would prevail, if motion
of gravity hindered not, i. 487, a body in motion moved more
easily than qne at rest, why, i. 510. Motion of nexe, ii. 37, pro-
jectile motion, its cause, i. 5 1 0
Motto of king James, iii. 449
Molds to make fruits of any figure, i. 419
Mouldiness, an inception of putrefaction, i. 367, i. 450
Montaigne, his reason why the lye given is so odious a charge,
namely, because it implies a man's being brave towards God, and
a coward towards men, ii. 255

INDEX.

Mountain, Dr. George, bishop of London, vi. 320

Mountains, great* foreshew tempests early, ii. 6

Mountebanks in state as well as private life, ii. 279

Mounifort, Sir Simon, v, 98, apprehended, convicted, and beheaded,
for adhering to Perkin, V. 105

Mountjoy, lord deputy of Ireland, iii. 525

Mouth out of taste, i. 4-77, what taste it will not receive, ibid.

Mucianus, his advice to Vespasian, ii. 263

Mucianus, how he destroyed Vitdlius by a false fame, ii. 396

Mulberry more fair and fruitful by perforating the trunk, &c. i. 405,
the black mulberry preferable to the white, i. 421

Mulberry leaf, i. 513

Mullins's case taken notice of, concerning the inheritance of timber-
trees, iv.216
Mummy, said to be three thousand years old, i. 513. Mummy
stancheth blood, ii. 7O
Munstcr, a design of planting it, with the reason why it did not go
on, iii. 318, 327
Murder, cases relating thereto explained, iv. 36, fyc. how to be pro-
secuted, and what to suffer for it upon conviction, ibid. Self-
murder, how to be punished, iv. 109, what degrees of murder are
highest, Sfc. iv, 390, a difference between an insidious one and a
braving, is ridiculous, iv. 405
Murdering of princes, the great sin of maintaining the lawfulness of
this doctrine, iv. 44.3, the doctrine upon which it is founded, ac-
cused, ibid, the calumny it brings to our religion, iv. 444, the de-
fence of it is impious, iv. 445, is the destruction of government,

ibid.

Murdered body bleeding at the approach of the murderer, ii. 65,

applied to love, ii. 430

Murray, John, letters to him from Sir Francis Bacon, vi. 76, etseq.

created a viscount and earl, vi. 76, note (a)

Murray, Thomas, provost of Eton, dies, vi. 341, note (a)

Muscovy hath a late spring and early harvest, whence, i. 439

Mushrooms, i. 431, their properties, ibid, several productions of

them, ibid, where they grow most, i. 450, 460

Music, i. 103

Music in church, how far commendable, and how far not so, ii. 540,

541

Music in the theory ill treated, i. 294. Musical and immusical
sounds, ibid, bodies producing musical sounds, ibid, diapa-
san the sweetest of sounds, i. 295, fall of half notes neces-
sary in music, i. 296, consorts in music, the instruments
that increase the sweetness not sufficiently observed, i. 346,
the music in masks, ii. 345, 346, consent of notes to be ascribed
to the ante-notes, not entire ones, i. 296, concords, perfect and
semi-perfect, which they are, ibid, the most odious discord of all
other, ibid, discord of the bass most disturbeth the music, ibicl.no
quarter-notes in music, i. 297, pleasing of single tones answereth
to the pleasing of colours, and of harmony to the pleasing of order,
ibid, figures or tropes in music have an agreement with the figures
in rhetoric, i. 297, 298, Music hath great operation upon the

K. K 2

INDEX.

manners and spirits of men, i. 298, 299, why it sounds best in
frosty weather, i, 334-, concords and discords in music are sym-
pathies and antipathies of sounds, i, 34-6, instruments that agree
best in consort, ibid, instrument with a double lay of strings,
wire, and lute-strifigs, ibid.

Musk, its virtue, i. 53

Musk-melons, how improved, , i. 413

Muster-masters of the lieutenancy, iii. 442

Mute, any one that is so in trial forfeiteth no lands, except for trea-
son, iv. T09, how such a one is to be punished, iv. 93
Myrobolanes, i. 461

N.

NAILS, i. 504

Nakedness uncomely in mind as well as body, ii. 269. Vide iii. 489.

Name, union in name, of great advantage in kingdoms, iii. 264,

what it is to be of England and Scotland after their union, iii. 275,

alterations herein considered as a point of honour, and as inducing

new laws, iii, 276

Nantz, the strongest city in Brittany, now closely besieged, v. 46,

47

Napellus, the strongest of all vegetable poisons, i. 417, and yet a
maid lived of it, ibid, and poisoned those who had carnal know-
ledge pf her, ibid.
Naples, v. 72, 91
Naphtha, ii. 1, ii. 207
Narcissus, his art with Claudius, ii. 306, 307
Narratives, or relations, i. 80
Nasturtium, or cardamon, its virtue, i. 373
Nations by name, not so in right, iii. 487
Nativity of queen Elizabeth falsely said to be kept holy, instead of
that of the blessed virgin, iii. 1 0 1
Nature, advice of the true inquisition thereof, i. 349
Nature, better perceived in small than in great, i. 480
Nature, a great consent between the rules of nature and of true po-
licy, iii. 257, &c. its grounds touching the union of bodies, and
their farther affinity with the grounds of policy, iii. 262, the laws
thereof have had three changes, and are to undergo one more, ii.
482, 483, spirits are not included in these laws, ibid, what it is we
mean thereby, ibid.
Nature in men concealed, overcome, extinguished, ii. 347, 348, hap-
py where mens natures sort with their vocations, ii. 348, runs to
herbs or weeds, ibid.
Natural divination, ii. 1
Naturalization, the privilege and benefit of it, iv. 326, the nice care
of our laws in imparting it, ibid, its several degrees, as belonging
to several. sorts of people, iv. 326, 327, 328, the wisdom of our
law in its distinctions of this privilege, ibid, several degress of it
among the Romans, iv. 328, arguments against naturalization of
the Scots, iv. 328, 330, is conferred by our laws on persons born
in foreign parts, of English parents, iv. 331,332, the inconve-
niences of a general naturalization of the Scots, urged, iv. 337,
338, 339, whether conquest naturalizes the conquered, iv. 339,
340, did never follow conquest among Ihe Romans till Adrian's

INDEX.

time, but was conferred by charter, &c. iv. 342, how it is fa-
voured by our laws, iv. 342, case of the subjects of Gascoigne,
Guienne, &c. in relation thereto, when those places were lost, iv.
356, 357, a speech in favour of the naturalization of the Scots, iii.

290, an answer to the inconveniences of naturalizing the Scots, iii.

291, is divided into two sorts, iii. 291,292, the inconveniences
of not naturalizing the Scots, iii. 302, the advantages of jt, iii,
304, instances of the ill effects in several nations of non-naturaliza-
tion, iii. 304, 305, may be had without an union of laws, iii. 311,
the Romans were very free in them, iii. 262, 263. See Conquest.

Natural-born subjects, their privileges by our law, iv. 326, 327

Naunton, Sir Robert, surveyor of the court of wards, attends the
king to Scotland, vi. 150, made secretary of state, vi. 184, note (6)
recommended to the duke of Buckingham for his grace to apply
to, vi. 255, 362

Navigation of the ancients, ii. 94, 95, 96, 97

Navy, how to be ordered after the union of England and Scotland,
iii. 284, its prosperous condition under queen Elizabeth, iii. 54-
Necessity is of three sorts — Conversation of life — Necessity of obe-
dience— and necessity of the act of God, or of a stranger, iv. 34,
it dispenses with the direct letter of a statute Jaw, ibid, how far
persons are excused by cases of necessity, iv. 35, it privilegeth
only quoad j ara privata, but does not excuse against the common-
wealth, not even in case of death, ibid, an exception to the last-
mentioned rule, iv. 36
Negotiating by speech preferable to letters, ii. 369, when best

ibid.

Negotiations between England and Spain, wherein is shewn the
treachery of Spain, iii. 86, 87

Negroes, an inquiry into their colouration, i. 389

Nero much esteemed hydraulics, i. 294, his male wife, ii. 434, his
character, ii. 438, dislike of Seneca's stile, ii. 449, his harp, ii. 296
Nerva, his dislike of informers to support tyranny, ii. 442, what was
said of him by Tacitus, iii. 357,358

Netherlands, revolt from Spain, iii. 85, 86, proceedings between
England and Spain relating to them, ibid, are received into pro-
tection by England, iii. 87, they might easily have been annexed
to the British dominions, ibid,

Nevill's case relating to local inheritances, iv. 21 4

Nevill, Sir Henry, is drawn into Essex's plot by Cuffe, iii. 153, his
declaration, ibid.

Neville, lord, the house of commons desire he may be put out of
. office, vi. 286

New Atlantis, ii. 79. Dr. Rawley's account of the design of it,

ii. 80

Night-showers better for fruit than day-showers, i. 467

Nights, star-light or moon-shine, colder than cloudy, ii. 30

Nilus, a strange account of its earth, i. 502, 503,

Nilus, the virtues thereof, i. 512, how to clarify the water of it,

ibid.

Nisi prius, is a commission, directed to two judges, iv. 95, the me-
thod that is holden in taking Nisiprius, ibid, the jurisdiction of the

INDEX.

justices of Nmpri9S, iv. 96, the advantages of trials this way,

ibid.

Nitre, or salt-petre, i. 255, 258, whence cold, i. 279. Nitre, good
for men grown, ill for children, i. 373. Nitrous water, i. 376,
scoureth of itself, ibid. Nitre mingled with water maketh vines
sprout, i. 4-02

Nitre, upon the sea-sands, i. 515

Nobility, the depression of them makes a king more absolute, and
less safe^ ii. 299, 470. Nobility, ii. 232, attempers sovereignty,
ibid, should not be too great for sovereignty or justice, ibid, too
numerous catiseth poverty and inconvenience to a state, ii. 283,
reason why they should not multiply too fast, ii. 325, 326; their
retinues and hospitality conduce to martial greatness, ii. 325.
Nobility, how to be ordered after the union of England and Scotr
land, iii. 280, the state of them in queen Elizabeth's time, iii. 67,
their possessions how diminished,, ibid, how to be rajsed and ma?
nagedin Ireland after its plantation, iii. 323

Noises, some promote sleep, i. 503

Non-claim statute, v. 6 1

Non-residence, is condemned, ii. 546, the usual pleas for it, ibid.
&c. the pretence of attending study thereby more in the uni-
versities, removed, ii. 547 , several other pleas removed, ibid.
Norfolk, dulj.e of, plots with the duke of Alva and Don Guerres, tq
land an army at Harwich, iii. 88

Norris, Sir John, makes an honourable retreat at Gaunt,, iii. 5 1 6
Northampton, earl of? some account of him^ v. 286

J^orthumberland, earl of, slain for demanding the subsidy granted tq
' Henry VII. v. 57, 58

Northumberland, earl of, conveys the lady Margaret into Scotland,

v. 165

Northumberland destroyed with fire and sword by James IV. in fa-
vour of Perkin, v. 126
Notices, doctrine of, i. ]]5»I16
Notions, all our common ones are not to fce removed, as some ad-
vise, V. 313
Nourishing meats and drinks, i. 266, et esq. Nourishing parts in
plants, - i. 457
Nourishment, five several means to help it^ 4. 391, 392< 393, 394,
Nourishment mended, agreathelpi j. 416, 417, 418
Novum Orgawm, Wotfon's commendation of that book, v. 542,
presented to the king, with a letter, v. 535., the king's and Mr.
CufFe's remarks upon it, vi. 25 3
Numa's two coffins, i. 5 1 4, a lover of retirement, ii. 3 1 4
Nurseries for plants should not be rich land, i. 40 \
Nuisance, matters of, how to be punished by the constable, iv. 312,
several instances thereof, and how they are to be punished, iv, 393

INDEX.

O,

OAK-LEAVES have honey-dews, probably from the closeness of

die surface, i, 416, an old tradition, that oak-boughs put into the

earth bring forth wild vines, i. 425. Oak-apples, an excrescence

with putrefaction, i. 435

Oak bears the most fruits amongst trees, i. 458, the cause, ibid, our

oaken-timber for shipping not to be equalled, iii. 450

Oath ex ojficio, is condemned, ii. 536, 537, a new oath of allegiance,

v. 308

Obedience, two means of retaining conquered countries in it, iv. 342

Objects of the sight cause great delight in the spirits, but no great

offence, ii. 32, the cause, ibid.

Ocampo, the Spanish general in Ireland, iii. 526 , taken prisoner,

ibid.

Occhus, a tree in Hyrcania, i. 453

Occupancy, when it grows a property in lands, iv. 98, 113

Odious objects cause the spirits to fly, i. 522

Odours, infusions in air, i. 252. Odours in some degree nourishing,

ii. 54
Officers in court, ministerial, how to be treated, iii. 463. See Great

Officers.

Officers of the crown, how to be ordered after the union of England

and Scotland, iii. 279, 280

Oil, whether it can be formed out of water, i. 373, 374.

Oily substances and watry, i. 369, commixture of oily substances

prohibiteth putrefaction, i. 369, 370, turning of watry substances

into oily, i. 374, a great work in nature, ibid, some instances

thereof ibid. Oil of sweet almonds a great nourisher, i. 268, how

to be used, ibid.

Ointment, fragrant, ii. 226. Ointments shut in the vapours, and

send them powerfully to the head, ii. 46, said to be used by

witches, ii. 69, preserving ointments, ii. 217

Old trees bearing better than the same young, i. 459

Old men conversing with young company live long, i. 56

Onions shoot in the air, i. 257

Onions made to wax greater, i. 408, in growing carry the seed to the

top, i. 463

Openers, a catalogue of them, ii. 222

Operations of sympathy, ii. 48

Opinion, a master-wheel in some cases, iii. 432

Opium, how to abate its poisonous quality, i. 252, inquired into,

i. 279, hath divers parts, i. 290, causes mortification, i. 366.

Vide i. 461.

Oquenda, Michael de, the Spanish admiral, lost, iii. 520

Orange-flowers infused, i. 252. Orange-seeds sown in April will
bring forth an excellent sallad-herb, ^ i. 438

Orange, prince of, is murdered by the papists, iv. 446

Orators, were as counsellors of state among the Athenians, iii. 76
Orbilius, ii. 56

INDEX,

Order in curing the diseases, i, 272

Orders in chancery, are to be registered, iv. 515, a copy of them is
to be kept by the register, ibid, where they vary from general
rules, they are to be set down with great care," ibid.

Ordinances made for the court of chancery, iv. 509, &c.

Ordinary, in what cases he shall administer, iv. 130

Ordination, more care ought to be taken therein, ii. 544

Ordnance, its antiquity, ii. 392, called by the Macedonians, thunder,
lightning, and magic, ibid.

Orleans, duke of, v, 42, routed and taken, .v. 52

Ormond, earl of, v. 76. Thomas, earl of, v. 83

Ormond, Waiter, earl of, vi. 207, 208, 2 13, 21 4

Ormus taken from the Spaniard by the Persian, iii. 530

Orpheus, ii. 430

Orris, only sweet in the root, ii. 29

D'Ossat, cardinal, a writing of his upon king James's accession,

v. 283

Ostrich, ran some space after her head was struck off", i. 390, lays

her eggs in the sand to be hatched by the sun's heat, ii. 25

Otho, when he slew himself, many followed the example, whence,

ii. 256

Ottomans, when they first shaved the beard, ii. -132, when divided,
v. 73, without nobles, gentlemen, freemen, or inheritance, iii. 477
Overbury, Sir Thomas, several charges relating to his murder, iv.
447, some account of him, iv. 449, of the manner of his being
poisoned, iv. 450, the proceedings of the king in the discovery
and punishment of his murder, commended, iv. 450, 458, some
account of his death, iv 459, how it came to be discovered, ibid,
a narrative of the proceedings in poisoning him, iv. 478, great
friendship between him and the earl of Somerset, and the occa-
sion of the breach that was made between them, iv. 477, he was a
man of no religion, iv. 478, he deters Somerset from marrying the
countess of Essex, ibid, the proofs urged of Somerset's guilt in
poisoning him, iv. 479, 480, 481, he had all the king's business put
into his hands by Somerset, iv. 483, he is murdered rather for
fear of revealing secrets, than from shewing his dislike to Somer-
set's marrying lady Essex, ibid, the plot to murder him, iv. 483,
484, 485, letter to him from the earl of Somerset, vi. 69, passages
of his letter to the earl, vi. 98, insolent to the queen and prince,
ibid, his cypher with the earl, vi. 99, poisoned, vi. 106

Outlawry, of an attainder thereby, and its consequences, v. 108, hovv
far the lord's title by escheat in this case shall relate back, v. 1 1Q
Owen, condemned for traiterous speeches, vi. 80, note («)

Owen, the charge against him for maintaining the doctrine of killing
excommunicated kings, iv. 440, some farther particulars concern-
ing his cause, v. 351
Ox-horn, whether it will ripen seeds, i* 432
Oxford, John cart of, designed general, y. 30, created such under the
king for the French expedition, v. 88, commands in chief at Black-
heath, v. 133, made high steward for the trial of the earl of War:
wick, v, 155, a monstrous account of the king's usage of him.

INDEX.

Oxford, Mr. Bacon's letter to that university, v. 4G4

Oxford, Henry Vere, earl of, letter to him from the lord viscount St.

Alban, vi. 368

Oxidraces, a people of India, ii. 392, bad ordnance in the time of the

Macedonians, ibid.

P,

BACKER, John, vi. 101, and note (c), an ancient friend of lord
Bacon, vi. 297

"Paget, lady, U. 404

Pain and grief, the impressions thereof, i. 491

Paintings of the body, barbarous people much given to it, i. 501
Palace, one described, ii, 360, 361, 362, 363

Palatine, Frederic count, letter to him from the lord chancellor,

vi. 221

Palatinate, king James seems resolved to recover it, v. 538

Paleness proceeds from the blood's running to the heart, i. 490

Palliation in diseases, i. 273

Palm-tree, a strange relation of its growth, i. 451, 452

Pamphlets^ advice to suppress several scandalous ones about religion,

ii. 504-

Panicum, i. 401

Pantomimi, their exact imitation, i. 337

Paper chambletted, i. 502

Papists, concerning the proceedings against them under queen Eliza-
beth, iii. 72, laws made against them, with the reasons thereof, Hi.
73, have been guilty of frequent treasons, conspiracies, &c<

iii. 97

Papists, vi. 358, 362, 363, 365

Parabolical poetry, i. 91

Paracelsus, his pygmies, i. 292, principles, i. 373, 478, ii. 41

Paradoxes relating to the belief and practice of every good Chris-
tian, ii. 494, &c.
Parents finding an alteration upon the approach of their children,
though unknown to them, ii. 5*5
Parents and children, ii. 266, their faults in their education, ii. 267,
those that have no children have the greatest regard to future
times, ii. 266
Parham, Sir Edward, vi. 92
Paris, our author there at his father's death, ii. 72. Paris, our au-
thor there when he was about sixteen, ii. 75, the massacre there,

ii. 407, 260

Parisatis, poisoned a lady by poisoning one side of a knife, and keep-
ing the other clean, iv. 475
Parker, Sir James, slain by Hugh Vaughan, at tilts, v. 86
Parliament court superlative, iii. 443, by the king's authority alone
assembled, ibid, their bills are but embryos till the king gives
them life, ibid,
parliament, consultations in it in the first vear of king Charles 1.

vi. 375—379

INDEX.

Parliaments, how to be managed after the union of England and
Scotland, iii. 278, the difference between those of England and
Scotland in the manner of making propositions, iii. 278, 279, are
the great intercourse of grace between king and people, ct vice
versa, iv. 4-30, several things relating to their institution and use,
iii. 407, four points considered relating to the business of them,
v. 532, liberty of them necessary, iii. 369

Parma, prince of, attacks Sir John Norris, iii. 516, one of the best
commanders of his time, iii. 518, blamed by the Spaniards, iii.
519, was to have been feudatory king of England, iii. 520

Parmenides's tenet, that the earth is primumfrigidum, i. 278

Parmenio, his rough interrogatory to Alexander, ii. 440, 441

Parrots, their power of imitation, i. 336

Parts in living creatures easily reparable, and parts hardly reparable,
i. 272. Parts of living creatures severed, their virtues in natural
magic, ii.74, four parts of a judge, ii. 384

Passions of the mind, their several impressions upon the body, i. 490,
et seq. all passions resort to the part that labours most, i. 494, all
passions conquer the fear of death, ii. 255, in excess destructive of
health, ii. 33 i

Pastimes and disports, how far allowable in courts, iii. 464

Patents, the freest ii. 244

Patents, some proceedings in the passing them, v. 503, 504

Patrick, an Augustin frier, makes a counterfeit earl of Warwick, v.
154, condemned to perpetual imprisonment, ibid.

Patrimony of the church, not to be sacrilegiously diverted, iii. 437
Patrimonies of the crown, how to be managed after the union of
England and Scotland, iii. 283

Paul, St. a Roman by descent, iii. 263

Pawlet, Sir Amyas, his censure of too much haste, ii. 427, 428

Peace containeth infinite blessings, ii. 258, two instances of a false
one, ii. 259

J^eace, what care is taken by our laws to preserve it among the sub-
jects, iv, 83,84, the breach of it how to be punished, iv. 312,
king James's care to maintain it, iv. 437, of England, was remarkr
able in queen Elizabeth's times, iii. 51, mock articles relating to
one, imagined to be proposed by England to Spain, in a libel, iii.
91, articles relating to one that would be just between England
and Spain, ibid, has very often ill effects flowing from it, iii. 319
Peacham, Edmund, interrogatories of his examination about his re-
flections on king James, v. 336, his denial in and after torture,
v. 337, his case similar to Algernon Sydney's, v. 338, his exami-
nation at the tower, v. 356, whether his case be treason or not,

v, 357, vi. 78, 79

Peaches prove worse with grafting, why, i. 404, 422

Peacock, Mr. examined, vi. 239, personates Atkins, ibid.

Pearl, said to recover colour by burial in earth, i. 383

Peers of England are to be trusted without oath or challenge,

iii. 168

Pelopidas, i. 417

Peloponnesus, war of, iii. 504

Pembroke, lord. -some account of him, v. 362,

Pembroke, William earl of, sworn of the council in Scotland, vi. 155,
his character, vi. 362

INDEX.

Penal-laws, not to be turned into rigour, ii. 384

Penal-laws, a multitude of them very inconvenient, iv. 367. Penal
statutes, how to be construed, iv. 51,52

People, to put the sword in their hand subverts government, ii. 260
People, the interest of the king in them, iv. 389, 390, offences capi-
tal against them, how punishable, iv. 390, 391, not capital, iv.
392, their griefs to be represented to the king by the judges of the
circuits, iv. 498, the increase thereof in queen Elizabeth's time.
iii. 53, concerning the consumption of them in our. wars, iii. 63
Pepper, why it helps urine, i. 285

Pepper, Guinea, causeth sneezing, i. 51

Perception in all bodies, ii. 1, more subtle than the sense, ibid, it
worketh also at distance, ibid, the best means of prognosticating,

ii. 1,2,3

Percolation makes a separation according to the Bodies it passes;
through i. 245, 246, 247

Percolation inward and outward, ibid, et i. 5 1 2

Percussions of metals, air and water, create sounds, i. 294, 295, dif-
ference of tones in music caused by the different percussions, i.
313. Percussion and impulsion of bodies, i. 5 1 0, 5 1 1

Perfumes, their virtue, ii. 52, said to procure pleasant and propheti-
cal dreams, ii. 51
Pericles, his preservative against the plague, ii. 68, studies how to
give in his accounts, ii. 449
Peripatetics, their element of lire above, exploded, i> 260
Perjury, how to be punished, iv. 385
Pcrkin, v. 92. Sec Warbeck.

Perpetual, how wisely our laws distinguish between that and transi-
tory, iv. 21*
Perpetuities, a sort of entails, iv. 115, their inconveniences, ibid, a
query concerning them, iv. 116
Persia, monarchy thereof was founded in poverty, iii, 307, education
of its kings, iii. 2.57
Persians demand of the Greeks land and water, iii. 512, take Or-
mus from the Spaniard, iii. 530, 533
Perspective, i. 299
Persons near in blood, or other relations, have many secret passages
of sympathy, i. 71, 72, doing business in person, when best,

ii. 369

Pertjnax, the revenge of his death, ii. 262

Peruvians, their commendations, iii. 477

Pestilent diseases, if not expelled by sweat, end in looseness, i.

274, a probable cause of pestilences, i. 366. Pestilences, though

more frequent in summer, more fatal in winter, i. 38 1, Pestilent

fevers and agues how to be repressed, ii. 68

Pestilential years^ i. 384, their prognostics, i, 477, 499, 500, ii. 2,

3,4

petitions, several cases relating thereto, iv. 522, &c. of the merchants
concerning the Spanish grievances, considered, iii. 330; mistakes
in their preferring them, iii. 334, account of the contents of their
petition, ibid. &c. the inconveniences of receiving into the
fiouse of commons any concerning private injuries, iii. 310, about

INDEX.

war or peace to the king, having received but small encourage-
ment, iii. 341, concerning the Spanish grievances rejected by the
house of lords, with the reasons of doing so, iii. 344, 345

Petre, Sir George, vi. 113

Petrifying springs, i. 284, ii. 207

Petty-constable, how far subordinate to the head constable, iv. 314,

315. See Constable,

Petty-treason, a query relating to the guilt of it, iv. 56, when it is a
man becomes guilty of it, iv. 293, the punishment and other pro-
ceedings, iv. 294
Phaeton's car went but a day, ii. 388
Philip of Macedon beat by ihe Romans, ii. 436, his saying of one
who spoke ill of him, ii. 439. Vide ii. 441 , 443, 448, his dream,

ii. 341

Philip, archduke, v. 102

Philip, duke of Austria, is cast upon the coast of Weymouth, v. 348,
349, king Henry VII. forces him to promise to restore the earl of
Suffolk, v. 349

Philips, Sir Edward, vi. 279

Philo Judaeus, his account of sense, ii. 440

Philosophers resembled to pismires, spiders, and bees, ii. 463

Philosophy, how divided, i.93, primary or first philosophy, what,
i. 94, divine philosophy, i. 96, natural philosophy, i. 98, specu-
lative philosophy, ibid.
Philosophy received, ii. 169
Phocion's reply to Alexander's tender, ii. 443, 444
Physicians, both too tedious and negligent of the patient's humour,

ii. 332

Physic, if avoided in health, will be strange when you need it, ii.
331, some remarks upon it, v. 312

Physics, i. 99

Physiognomy, ii. l

Pickles, ii. 225

Piercy, earl of Northumberland, some account of him v. 280

Pilosity, caused by heat, i. 473, in men and beast the cause thereof,

ibid.

Piony, its virtue, i. 478

Pipe-office, whence denominated, iv. 132, 133

Pirates, a war always lawful against them, because they are common

enemies of mankind, iii. 487, 488

Pisa, its union and incorporation with Florence, iii. 303

Pi stachoes, an excellent nourisher, i . 26 8

Pit, upon the sea-shore, filleth with water potable, i. 245, practised

in Alexandria, ibid, and by Caesar, who mistook the cause, ibid, in

time will become salt again, ii. 35

Pity, what,i. 493, the impressions thereof, ibid. Pity healeth envy,

ii. 271

Pius Quintus, his revelation touching the victory at Lepanto,

ii. 72,73

Plague, prognostics that preceded it, i. 477

J'Jague, when taken, often giveth no scent at all, ii. 46, said to have a

scent of the smell of a mellow apple, ii. 49, who most liable to it,

INDEX.

ii. 49, persons least apt to tike it, ibid. Plagues caused by great
putrefactions, ii. 50, preservatives against it, ii. 49

Plagues from the putrefaction of grashoppers and locusts, ii, 50,
a great one in London^ v. 158

Plaister as hard as murble, its composition, i. 519, rooms newly
plaistered, dangerous, ii. 51

Plantagenet, Edward, son of George, duke of Clarence, v. 9, had
been confined at SherifF-Hutton, by Richard III. ibid, shut up in
the tower, ibid, rumour that he was to be murdered in the tower,
v. 19, 20, had not his father's title, but created earl of Warwick,
v. 21, carried through London streets in procession on a Sunday,
v. 26, seduced into a plot by Perk in to murder the lieutenant of"
the tower, v. 153, 154, arraigned and executed on tower-hill, v.
155, the male line of the Plantagenets ends with him, ibid.

Plantations of colonies encouraged by the Romans, ii. 326, the wis-
dom of that conduct, ibid.
Plantations, ii. 335, how to be regulated with regard to speedy
profit, and the people with whom you plant, ibid, with regard to
soil, minerals, and produce, ii. 336, how the government, customs,
and buildings are to be directed, ii. 337, when to be planted with
women, ibid. Plantations at home with regard to orchards, gar-
dens, hop-yards, woods, &c. iii. 45 !•, a farther regulation of fo-
reign ones, iii. 456, fixing of them should proceed rather from the
king's leave than command, iii. 457. See Ireland.
Plantianus, ii. 316
Plane-tree watered with wine, i. 454-
Piants, why of greater age than living creatures, i. 271, dignity of
plants, i. 391, acceleration of their germination, ibid, et seq. the
melioration of them divers ways, i. 397, et seq. cause why some
die in winter, i. 403, sympathy and antipathy of plants, i. 41 1, et
seq. utterly mistaken, i. 41 1. Plants drawing the same juices out
of the earth thrive not together, i. 412, drawers of much nourish-
ment hurt their neighbour plants, ibid, drawing several juices thrive
well together, ibid, several instances of each, ibid, designations
for further trials hereof, i. 413, 414, trial in herbs poisonous and
purgative, ibid. Plants that die placed together, ibid, trial whe-
ther plants will attract water at some distance, i. 416, 417, ho w ren-
dered medicinable, i. 4 17, curiosities touching plants, i.419,et.scq.
Plants will degenerate, i, 424, 425, 426, 427, 428, the several
causes, thereof, ibid, transmutation of plants, i. 425, 426, six de-
signations thereof', i. 426, 427, 423, tHeir several excrescences, i.
429, et seq, prickles of trees, i. 434. Plant growing without seed,
i. 435, 436, growing out of stone, i. 437. Plants foreign, i. 437,
438, removed out of hot countries will keep their seasons, i. 438,
set in the summer season will prosper in colder countries, ibid, sea-
sons of several plants, i. 433, 439, 440. Plants bearing blossoms,
and young fruits and ripe fruits together, i. 440. Plants with
joints and knuckles in the stalks, i, 442, the causes therepf, ibid,
differences of plants, i. 443, some putting forth blossoms before
leaves, ibid, others, leaves before blossoms, ibid, the cause of each,
ibid. Plants green all winter, ibid, the cause, ibid, and
444. Plants not supporting themselves, i. 444, 445, the
cause of their slenderness, i. 445, Plants and inanimate bodies

differ in four things, i. 449, 450. Plants and metals in three, i. 450.
Plants and mouldiness, or putrefactions, wherein they differ, ibid.
Plants and living creatures, their differences, i. 451, male and fe-
male in plants, ibid. Plants whereof garments are made, i. 453,
454. Plants sleeping, i. 454. Plants with bearded roots, ibid.
Plants esculent, i. 456, 457, parts in plants that are nourishing, i.
457, seeds in plants more strong than either leaf or root, the cause,
ibid, in some not, ibid. Plants with milk in them, i. 460. Plants
with red juice, ibid, few plants have a salt taste, i. 461. Plants
with curled leaves, i. 463. Plants may be translated into other
regions, i. 466, yet they like some soils more than others, ibid,
several instances thereof, ibid. Plants without leaves, i. 512, sin-
gularities in several plants, i. 471, 472
Plates of meta! assuage swelling, ii. 28
Plato, ii. 436, taxes Diogenes's pride, ii. 438, his comparing So-
crates to the apothecaries drugs, ii. 443, his ridicule of Prodicus*

ii. 313,343

Plato, his notion that all knowledge was but remembrance, ii, 388
Plea, what is properly the matter of one, iv. 518

Pleadings, reasons for their being published, iv. 210

Pleasure of the eye and ears, the effect of equality and good propor-
tion, i. 297
Pleasure and displeasure of the senses, i. 484
Plenty in England remarkable in queen Elizabeth's time, iii. 52
Plessis, Monsieur du, his book against the papal authority commend-
ed, v. 308, 309
Pliny's mixtures of metals almost forgotton, ii. 189, his account of
the Roman mirrour, commonly looking-glass, ii. 197
Plot, the powder-plot taken notice of, iv. 422
Plough followed, healthful, ii. 52
Plowden, Edmund, vi. 122
Plumb, of what colour the best, i. 421, the drier the better sort,

i. 422

Plumage, i.473

Plumosity in birds, its cause, ibid.

Pluralities, in what cases allowable, and in what not so, ii. 547, some
remedies proposed to this abuse, ii. 547, 548

Plutarch did not write the discourse De primofrlgido, i. 278, his ac-
count of Augustus's visiting Alexander's sepulchre, i. 514, several
observations of his, ii. 460, of fame and superstition, ii. 292,
. what he saith of Timoleon's fortune, ii. 351, 245

PJuto, ii. 338

Pneumaticals in bodies, i. 373, 374, ii. 17

Poesy, i. 76, how divided, i. 89

Poets, the best writers next to the prose, ii. 437

Poisons, why attended with swellings, i. 366, of asps, i. 461

Poisoning of air, ii. 50

Poisoning, the particular heinousness of this sin set forth, iv. 473,
no' example of this sin is to be found in Scripture, iv. 448, is made
high treason, iv. 449, the greatest difficulty of getting clear proofs
incases thereof as is shewn by examples, iv. 474, &c. the mon-

INDEX.

strous impiety of this sin, iii. 107, a design to poison queen

Elizabeth is discovered, iii. 116

Poisonings by smells, ii. 50, caution touching poisoning, ibid.

Poisonous creatures love to lie under odorate herbs, i. 47 1

Poisons externally used draw venom, ii. 68

Poland, its state considered, iii. 56

Poor, concerning the ways of relieving them, iii. 390

Pole, William de la, brother to the earl of Suffolk, seized by Henry

VII. v. 169

Politicians of the weaker sort great dissemblers, ii. 263, composition

of a complete one, ii. 265, 26G

Polycrates's daughter, her dream, ii. 34-1

Polygamy disallowed, ii. 108

Polyphemus's courtesy, to be at last eaten up, iii. 508

Pomanders, or knots of powders, their uses, ii. 53

Pompey, ii. 433, says duty is more necessary than life, ii. 44-0. Vide

Caesar, and ii. 375, how ruined by Caesar, ii. 396

Pons, Jasper, a Spaniard, the pope's commissioner in the jubilee year,

v. 159

Pont Charenton, the echo there, i. 340

Pope, that he has power of deposing and murdering kings, is a dan-
gerous doctrine, ii. 421, the ill effects of this doctrine shewn in.
many instances, iv. 422, the little respect some princes have
shewn to the pope, iv. 423, 424. Suarez's doctrine concerning
his power over kings, iv. 424, 425

Popes, what expected from them, when they affect the title of Pa-
dre Commune, ii. 376"
Popham, speaker of the house of commons, and afterwards chief
justice, ii. 447
Popularity, how far to be avoided by judges, iv. 497, 49S
Poreblind men, why they see best near hand, ii. 30, 31
Porter, Endymion, vi. 248
Portugal, its afflicted condition, iii. 55
Posted, what it is, iv. 96
Post nati, of Scotland, their case argued, iv. 319, &c. the state of the
question concerning them explained, ibid, their case, and that of
the antc-nati, different, iv. 329, must be either alien, or natural
born, iv. 329, confutation of the objections against them, as drawn
from statutes, iv.330, 331, or from book-cases, iv. 335, more argu-
ments in defence of their being by law natural subjects of Eng-
land, iv. 344, 345, a query whether they are natural-born subjects,
iii. 299, though they are naturalized ipsojure, yet it is proper they
should be so likewise by act of parliament, iii. 301 , 302
Postures of the body, i. 499, to be altered every half hour, ii. 224
Potatoe roots, i. 267, potted, grow larger, i. 409
Poverty of the learned, i. 18
Poulet, John, esq. vi.79
Poultis for the gout, and for other things, i. 272, ii. 225
Powder in shot, i. 24S
Powder, white, without noise, seems impossible, i. 302
Powders and liquors, their incorporation, i, 353

INDEX.

Powder-treason surpasses all the barbarities of the heathens, ii. 260.
Powder and ammunition of all sorts we have at home, iii. 45 1

Power sought by the loss of liberty, ii. 275. Power absolute and
cannot conclude itself, v. 116

Poynings, Sir Edward, sent with a navy in aid of Flanders, v. 84,
takes Sluice and Bruges, ibid, sent to the archduke Philip to dis-
miss Perkin, v. 102, sent to Ireland with a martial commission
above the deputy, the earl of Kildare, Hi. 298, v. Ill, his famous
law, v. Ill

Praise, the reflection of virtue, ii. 378. Praise in excess raises envy,
contradiction, &c. ii.379

Prayer of the clergy, benefit thereof in cases of felony, iv. 109, the
book of common-prayer how to be respected, iv. 386, is compared
with preaching, ii. 537, 538, a set form thereof commended, ii.
538, of what it ought to consist, ibid, of lord Bacon's, ii. 489, for a
student, ii. 493, for an author, ibid, one made by Bacon when
chancellor, ii. 49o

Prtfmunire, cases thereof, iv. 299, the proceedings, trial, punishment,
&c. therein, iv. 300

Praetors of Rome, great affinity between their office and our chancel-
lor's, iv. 487
Preachers, a proposal for sending some into the most ignorant parts
of England, iii. 394, unfit ones not to be allowed, ii, 542, if want-
ing, what remedies must be sought for, ii. 542, 543, not sufficient
for every parish, ii. 547, stipends allotted for some in Lancashire,

ii. 448

Precious stones comfort the spirits, ii. 65

Precipitation of metals, what, ii. 204

Prelates, when dangerous, ii. 299

Preparation of saffron, ii. 218, of garlic, ibid, of damask roses for
smell, ibid.

Prerogative of the king in parliaments, iv. 301 , in matters of war and
peace, iv. 302, in matters of money, ibid, in trade and traffic, iv.
303, in his subjects persons, ibid, of the king and law, not to be
considered separately, iv. 504, of the king, incommunicable, iv.
305, &c. what persons they ought to be who have this power
committed to them, ibid, such authority delegated is derogatory to
the king, iv. 306, and also very dangerous, iv. 307. See Ma-
gistrate.

I7pE<7/3tmp©j, is always distinguished from fspyf, ii. 539,

Presence, the advantage of a good one, ii. 42S

Preservation of bodies from corruption, i. 293. Preservation of

fruits in syrups, i. 455, also in powders, ibid, when to gather fruits

for preservation, i. 456, also in bottles in a well, ibid. Preserving

grapes long, ibid, another way thereof, i. 464

Preservation is the chief law of nature, iii. 235

Precedents, instances of the great reverence paid to them, iv. 283

Pressure, what motion it causes in bodies, i. 247

Pretergenerations, history of, i. 8'2

Pretext never wanting to power, v. 49

Pretorian courts, iii. 503

Prickles of trees and shrubs, i. 434-, and animals, ii. 70

INDEX.

Priest, Christian, ii. 89

Priest, the word to be changed to minister in our liturgy, ii. 539

Princes leaning to party, like a boat overset by uneven weight on one
side, ii. Site 4-, advice to them, ii. 289, resemble the heavenly bo-
dies, ii. 300
Princes cannot perpetuate their memory better, than by making
good laws, as is shewn by comparison with their other works, and
by examples, iv. 375, should take care to preserve each other's
life and reputation, even in times of hostility, iii. 40
Principiation of metals, ii. 200, whether any such thing or no,
ibid, none such as sal sulphur, and mercury, ibid.
Privileged officers, an interruption to justice as much as privileged
places, v. 171. Privileges of members of parliament, when bur-
thensome, iii. 444
Privy counsellor's duty, iii. 445, 446. Privy council how to be
chosen, iii. 447
Privy counsellor, conspiring against his life how to be punished,

iv. 387

Probus, his scheme to reduce the army, ii. 289

Procession, a pleasant observation upon one, ii. 458

Proclamation of king James before the book of common prayer,

iii. 436

Proclamation drawn for his first coming in, iii. 239, touching his stile,

iii. 244

Proclamation for a parliament, a draught of one, v. 536

Procreations by copulation and by putrefaction, ii. 41, the cause of
each, ibid.

Profanations, how to be punished, iv. 385

Prognostics for plenty or scarcity, i. 471, of pestilential years, i. 477,
499, ii. 2, 3, 4, and cold and long winters, ii. 4, 5, by birds, ii.
7, 8, of an hot and dry summer, ii. 4,5, by the birds also, ii. 5,
of winds, ii. 7, of great tempests, ii. 6, of rain, ii. 7, from living
creatures, ibid, from water-fowls and land-fowls, from fishes, ii. 8,
from beasts, ibid, from herbs, ibid, from aches in mens bodies,
ibid, from worms and vermin, ibid, from the sweating of solid
bodies, ibid.

Prolonging life, i. 266, what state of life conduceth most to its pro-
longation, ii. 350. Prolonging of life and restitution of youth, ii.
237, four precepts for the prolongation of life, ii. 223, 224, 225
Prometheus, an emblem of human nature, ii. 262, 288

Promises of God, concerning the redemption of man, manifested
many ways ii. 484

Property in lands, how gained, iv. 97, by entry how gained, ibid, by
descent how gained, iv. 99, 100, by escheat how gained, iv. 102,
by conveyance how gained, iv. 1 17, several ways of gaining it in
goods and chattels, iv. 125, three arguments of property, iv. 219
Prophecies, exclusive of revelation and heathen oracles, ii. 341, 342,
whence they derive their credit, ii. 343

Prophecies, spreaders thereof how to be punished, iv. 389

Prophesving, what it was, ii. 543, much commended, ibid.

VOL. VI. L L

INDEX.

Proprieties secret, i. 288, 289, ii. 77

Proserpina, her table, i. 290

Prosperity dangerous, v. 482, temperance its proper virtue, ii. 262
Protagoras, ii. 56

Protections for persons in the service of the crown, strengthened,

v. 82

Prothonatory, his office, iv. 315

Proud persons, how they bear misfortunes, ii. 212

Prudence, doctrine of, ii. 44.0

Psalm 1st, translated, ii. 555, the 12th, ii. 554-, the 9th, ii. 555, the
104-th, ii. 557, the 126th, ii. 560, the 137th, ii. 561, the 149th,

ii. 562

Public good always most regarded by nature, Hi 258

Puckering, Sir John, lord keeper of the great seal, letter to him
from Mr. Francis Bacon, vi. 2

Puebla, Dr. ambassador lieger from Spain, v. 174.

Pugnu ptr provocationem, what it was, iv. 406, instances thereof,

ibid.

Pupils, the praetorian power over them, iii. 3^2

Purchasers, very much favoured by our laws, iv. 184

Puritans, vi. 365

Purging medicines having their virtue in a fine spirit, endure not
boiling, i. 251, their unpleasant taste how remedied, i. 251, 252,
several ways of the operations of purging medicines, i. 262, 263,
264, 265, proceed -from the quantity or quality of the medicines,
i, 262, they work upon the humours, i. 263, medicines that purge
by stool, and that purge by urine, i. 265, their several causes, ibid,
work in these ways as they are given in quantity, ibid, what wea-
ther best for purging, i. 276, preparations before purging, i. 275,
276, want of preparative, what hurt it doth, both in purging and
after purging, i. 275

Pursevants, their business how to be managed, v. 517

"Purveyance justly due to the crown, iii. 464, and yet frequently
abused, ibid.

Purveyors, a speech concerning their abuses, iii. 250, complaints
abouUhem, iii. 251, their abuses enumerated, ibid. &c. instances
of their frequent breaches of the law, iii. 254, &c.

Putrefaction, its inception hath in it a maturation, i. 359. Putrefac-
tion, the acceleration of it, i. 364, the cause of putrefaction, ibid.
Putrefaction, whence, i. 364, 365, ten means of inducing putre-
laction, i. 365, 366, 367, prohibiting putrefaction, i. 367, 513,
ten means of prohibiting it, i. 367, 368, 369, 370, inceptions of
putrefaction, i. 374, 460, putrefactions for the most part smell ill,
whence, i. 367, ii. 12. Putrefaction hath affinity with plants, i'.
430. Put refaction, from what causes it cometh, ii. 13. Putrefac-
tion, the subtilestofall motions, i. 478, Vide i. 513. Putrefaction
induced bv the moon-beams, ii. 38, doth not rise to its height at
once, i. 361. Putrefactions of living creatures have caused plagues,

ii. 50

Putrified bodies^most odious to a creature of the same kind, ii. 7 1
P)4?, Sir Robert", letter to him from lord viscount Si. Alban vi. 379

INDEX.

Pyrrhus had his teeth undivided, i, 505, his ambition, ii. 416

Pythagoras, his philosophy full of superstition, ii. 43, visited Hiero,

ii. 446, his parable, ii. 317

Q.

QUARRIES that grow hard, ii. 21

Quarter sessions to be held by justices, iv. 89

Questions touching minerals, ii. 194, unexpected surprise, ii. 308, the
use and advantage of asking questions, ii. 334. Questions about
the lawfulness of a war for the propagating of religion, iii. 492
Quicksilver heated and pent in, hath the same force with gun-pow-
der, i. 258, the coldest of metals, because the fullest of spirits, i.
279, will not bear the fire, i. 364-

Quicksilver will conserve bodies, and harden them, i. 524

Quicksilver fixed to the hardness of lead, ii. 20, 19^, how gilders
guard against the ill effects of it, ii. 51, a preservative against the
plague, ii. 68

Quintus Pius, the victory of Lepanto owing to him, ii. 72

Quintius, his saying touching the state of Peloponnesus, iii. 306

R.

RABELAIS, ii. 410

Rabbins, ii. 356

Racking of wine or beer, i. 356

Rain in Egypt scarce, i. 507, the cause thereof, i. 512, several prog-
nostics of rain, ii. 7, 8
Rainbow, the sweetness of its odour, ii. 9, 10
Raleigh, Sir Walter, a design to murder him by Sir Christopher
Blunt, iii. 160, compared the ladies of the queen's bed-chamber to
witches, ii. 410, which have power to do hurt, but no good, ii.
410,420, resentment against him by the Spanish ambassador, vi.
202, letter from the lord chancellor to the king, concerning the
manner of proceeding against him, vi. 204, declaration of his de-
meanour and carriage, vi. 2 1 0
Rams skins good to be applied to wounds, i. 472
Ramsay, David, vi. 248
Rates, "they should be easy to the undertakers for planting Ireland,

iii. 324-

Ravenstein, lord, rebels against Maximilian, v, 65, 84, carries on a
piratical war, v. 84

Ravishment of women, how to be punished, iv. 391

Reading, how to be regulated, ii. 373, 374

Realm, the state of it how many ways endangered, and what punish-
ments are due thereupon, iv. 388
Rebel and enemy distinguished, iii. 301
Rebellion, how punishable, iv. 388, several raised in Ireland by the
king of Spain, ibid, in the North, to what it was owing, iii. 73,
LL 2

INDEX.

bow a subject may be guilty of it by taking up arras, iii. 174, what
consequences the law draws from it, iii. 174, 175

Receipts, how to be managed after the union of England and Scot-
land, iii. 283

Receptacle for converts to the reformed religion, recommended,

iii. 394

Recoveries, what they are, iv. 118, they bar entails, &c. ibid, other
effects thereof, iv. 119, methods of " proceeding therein, iv. 118,
why first introduced, iv. 119

Recusants, how to be punished, iv. 385, magistrates, who are so,
how to be dealt with in Ireland, v. 4-39

Red within, some few fruits, i. 4.22

Red juice in plants, i. 46O

Reed, or cane, a watry plant, i. 464

References in chancery, when they may be made, iv. 516, &c.

Referendaries, ii. 372

Referees, the meaning of that word, vi. 275

Refining of metals insufficient, ii. 21, how to multiply the heat, or
open the body in refining, ii. 199

Reflexion of sounds, i. 337, not to be guided like the reflexion of
species visible, ibid.

Reformation of religion under queen Elizabeth, iii. 53, the benefits
thereof, iii. 54, two hindrances of it, ibid, the necessity of it,

iii. 53, 54, &c.

Refraction causeth the species visible to appear bigger, i. 509, other
observations about refractions, ibid.

Registers in chancery, their office, and orders relating to it,

iv. 513, &c.

Relief, a sum of 5l. so called, to be paid by every tenant by knight's
service to his lord, iv. 106, of tenant in socage, what, iv. 107

Religion, unity in it, ii. 257, the chief band of society, ibid. Lucre-
tius his exclamation against it, ii. 260, the best reason of state, ii.
393, 394, of our church commended, iii. 434-

Religion, how careful king James was of it, iv. 4951, the care of it
recommended to the judges of the circuits, iv. 449, our author dis-
approves of the exercise ot divers religions, iii. 58, every man's
conscience should be let alone in the quiet belief of his own, ibid,
concerning the disputes about it in England, ibid, three rules of
proceeding with men in religious matters, where conscience is
pleaded, iii. 72, concerning the propagation thereof, iii. 393, not
to be scoffed at, ii. 503, Religious sects, ii. 390

Remainder and reversion, the difference between them, iv. 1 1 6, the
former cannot be limited upon an estate in fee-simple, ibid v its sig-
nificancy in the statute of uses, iv. 191, 192

Remains, medical, ii. 217

Remembrancer of the lord treasurer in the exchequer, iv. 1 50

Remembrancer in chancery, recommended as a proper officer,

v. 529

Remitter, what the law means thereby, iv, 41, several cases of it
explained, ibid. &c.

Rents, case thereof considered, iv. 196, 197, concerning the execu-
tion of them, iv. 197

INDEX.

Re-ordination of priests maintained by some, ii. 51 1

Repletion hindereth generation, i. 399, and stature, i. 428

Reproofs from authority should no.t be taunting, ii. 277

Resemblances between the species of plants, i. 4-71, and likewise

among animals, i. 472

Respiration of the world, what, according to Apollonius, ii. 43

Restcauseth putrefaction, i. 3-68

Restitutions of metals and minerals, ii. 206

Retardation of germination, i. 305

Revelation of God's will by the scriptures, ii. 485, how made before

them, ibid.

Revenge, wild justice, and ought to be weeded, ii. 261, 467

Revenge, ii. 261, puts the law out of office, ibid, can only take place

where there is no law to remedy, ii. 261, public revenges most

fortunate, ii. 26*4 mischiefs of allowing private revenge, iv. 400

Revenue of the king, how to be managed and advanced, iv. 505,

v. 524

Revenues, sundry sorts of royal revenues, iv. 132, of the crown

ought td be preserved, iii. 464

Reverence of one's self, a bridle of vice, ii. 108

Reversions cannot be granted by word, iv. 116. See Atturnement,

Reverter.

Reverter, its meaning stated in the statute of uses, iv. 191, 192

Review, bill of, in what cases to be admitted, or not, iv. 509

Revocation of uses, Sir John Stanhope's case relating thereto discus-
sed, fv. 246
Rheums, how caused, i. 264> preservative against, ii. 218
Rhubarb contains parts of contrary operations, i. 251, 290. Rhu-
barb infused for a short time best, i. 251, repeated, may be as
strong as scammony, ibid, a benedict medicine, ibid, caution in
the taking thereof, i. 263, its virtue, ibid.
Richard II. his deposition, ii. 405
Richard III. tyrant in title and regiment, v. 5, slain in Bosworth-field,
ibid, slew with his own hands Henry VI. ibid, and his two nephews,
ibid, thought to poison his wife, ibid, attainted after his death,

Richardson excuses himself from being speaker, ijj. 403

Riches, wherein they resemble muck, j'j\ 433

Riches, the baggage of virtue, ii. 470, 338, have sold more men than

they have bought out, ii. 338, unjust means of acquiring them,

ii. 339, little riches more hard to be got than great, ii. 339

Rice, a nourishing meat, ii. 267, the general food in Turkey, ii. 267,

268
Riding, good for the head, j,\ 374,

Right side and left, senses alike strong on both sides, limbs strongest
on the right, ii. 33, the cause of each, ibid.

Rights are of two sorts, iv. 161, according to the civilians, of three
sorts, iv 164, when two meet in one person there is no confusion
of them, but they remain in law distinct, iv. 337, how thisla.;t rule
is limited, ibid.

Riots and violent assaults, how to be punished, iv. 392

Rivers, the advantage of making them navigable, .Hi. 454, 4,55

INDEX.

Robberies disguised, instances thereof, and how they are to be pu-
nished, iv. 391,392
Rocks, the ancients thought springs chiefly generated there, i. 255
Roman laws were collected by the Decemvirs from the Grecian ones,

iv. 368

Romans, how they esteemed a goose's liver, i. 266, their stile in war
and peace, ii. 434, beat Philip of Macedon, ii. 436, open to re-
ceive strangers into their bosom, ii. 326, made wars for the liberty
of Greece, n. 328, iii. 488

Rome, heathen, grew great by its reverence of the gods, ii. 292

Rome, Virgil's prediction concerning the mixture of Trojans and
Italians therein, iii. 262, its union with the Sabines, ibid, free/
in its naturalizations, ibid, causes of its growth, iii. 263, esteemed
a valiant nation, iv. 405, duels not used amongst them, ibid, the
emperors thereof used in their titles the addition of nations they
had conquered, iii. 250

Romulus, his legacy to the Romans, ii. 327

Rooms built for health, ii. 55

Roos, William lord, vi. 91, 113

Roos, lady, personates Luke Hutton, vi. 241

Roots, advantages of digging and loosening the earth about them,

i. 393, 398

Roots of fruit trees multiplied, i. 398, Root made larger by put-
ting panicum about it, i. 401. Roots potted, grow greater, i.
409. Roots preserved all winter, ibid. Roots, bulbous, fibrous,
and hirsute, i. 454. Roots of trees that descend deep, i. 463,
464, others that spread more, ibid, the cause of each, ibid.

Rosa solis, the herb i. 415

Roses damask, how conserved, i. 377, 394, how to make them late
and sweet, i. 395, 396, 397, ii. 218, and come twice a year,

i. 439

Rotten apples putrify sound ones, i. 365

Roxolana, the destruction of sultan Mustapha, ii. 298

Rubbing. See Friction.

Rue improved, i. 412. Rue helpeth the fig-tree, ibid.

Rules of law, an account of our author's method and manner in di-
gesting them, ii. 10
Russian monks, their prodigious patience, ii. 349
Rust of metals, i. 364, ii. 204
Rutland, his examination in relation to Essex's treason, iii. 200
Rutland, Frances countess of, vi. 144, and note (c)

S.

SABELLIAN heresy, the occasion of its rise, ii. 510

Sackville, Sir Edward, named to be chairman of the committee of the

house of commons, for inquiring into the abuses of the courts of

justice, vi. 280, zealous for lord viscount St. Alban, vi. 300, 301,

302, 315, 319, his letter to lord St. Alban, vi. 323

Sacred, why attributed to kings, and never to senates, &c. iv. 323

IN DEX.

Sailors, their device to get fresh water, From exposing fleeces of wool,

i. 280

St. John, Mr. charge against him, iv. 429, he slanders and abuses
the king, lords, parliament, &c. of England, in some papers,

iv. 434

St. John, Sir Oliver, lord deputy of Ireland, vi. 141, 196, and

note (/>)

Salamander's wool, i . 5 1 5

Salamander, the causes why it endureth the fire, if true, ii. 27

Sale, a property gained thereby when dishonest, iv. 125, how it
may bar the right of the owner, iv. 126, what markets it must be
made in, ibid.

Salgazus, a sea-plant, i. 462

Salic law, several remarks on it, ii. 408

Salisbury, Robert earl of, his character, vi. 54, 56

Salt, a good compost, i. 392, 403, 445. Saltpetre, how to hasten
the breeding of it, i. 4 ±6. Salt in plants, i. 461, 462. Salt hath a
sympathy, with blood, i. 71, it is an healer, ibid, it riseth not in
distillations, ii. 35

Salt-water, how freshened, or the salt imbibed, ii. 35- Salt-water
passed through earth becomes fresii, i. 245, four differences be-
tween the passing it in vessels and in pits, i. 245, 246. Salt-
water good to water some herbs, i. 471. Salt-water boiled be-
cometh more potable, ii. 35. Salt-water sooner dissolving salt
than fresh wa*ter, the cause, ii. 35, 36. Salt-water shineth in the
dashing, i. 370. Salt in its several disguises a composition of mer-
cury and sulphur, i. 373
Sanctuaries qualified by the pope at the interposition of Henry VII.

v. 36

Sand for making glass near mount Carmel,- i. 5 1 7

Sand turning minerals into a glassy substance i. 5 17

Sandys, lord, his confession ralating to Essex's treason, iii. 202

Sanguisdraconis, the tree that bears it, i. 460

Sanquar, a speech at his arraignment for having procured one to
murder Turner out of revenge, iv. 395

Sap assisted by leaving top-boughs in polling, i. 396. Sap of trees,
i. 465, the differing nature thereof in several trees, ibid.

Sapitntia veterum quoted, i. 290

Satiety, or cloying in meats, i. 334

Savage, Sir John, slain riding about the wralls of Boloign, v. sf)

Savages, ho'vv treated, ii. 337

Savile, Sir Henry, some account of him, his judgment of poets,

ii. 437

Savoy, the state thereof considered, iii. 57

Saxony, duke of, how he surprises Dam in favour of Maximilian,

v. 83, takes Sluice, v. 84

Scales growing to the teeth as hard as the teeth, i. 286, of fishes that

resemble rotten wood in their shining, i. 370

Scaliger, i. 479

Scarlet-dye, ii. 37

Schism more scandalous than corruption of manners, ii. 467

how to be punished, iv. 385

INDEX.

Schoolmen compared to the fictions of astronomy, ii. 4-33, 293, use-
ful, ii. 375, fitter to guide penknives than swords, iii. 508
Schools ot learning to be cherished, iii. 437
Scipio Africanus, his declension, ii. 356
Scire facias, a writ, in what cases not to be awarded, iv. 522
»ScissiIeand not Scissile, ii. 19
Scoffing at holy matters one cause of atheism, ii. 29 1
Scotland, account of the parliament held there, in 1616, vi. j 5 I
Scribonianus, his conspiracy against Claudius, ii. 450
Shrieching, i. 490
Scriptures are from God and contain his will, ii. 487> are not to be al-
tered, ibid.
Scots, a commendation of their virtues, Sic. iii. 296, &c. ought to be
esteemed denizens of England, iii. 272, 273, are infested by the
Guises, and relieved by queen Elizabeth, iii. 81 , &c.
Sea clearer, the north wind blowing than the south, i. 473. Sea, by
the bubbles foreshows wind, ii. 6. Sea-water looketh black
moved, white resting, ii. 32, the cause, ibid. Seas shallow and
narrow break more than deep and large, ii. 34
Sea-fish put into fresh waters, i. 486
Sea-fights, of what consequence, ii. 329
Sea-hare, coming near the body, hurteth the lungs, ii. 71
Sea-plants, i. 436, why sea-sand produces no plants, i. 437
Sea-sand a good compost, i. 415. Sea-sands produce no plant,

i. 437

Seal, great seal of England and Scotland to be one after the union,

iii. 276

Search, in what cases the constable has power to do so, iv. 312

Seasons of plants, i. 438, 439, 440

Seasons of the year, observations on them by Hippocrates, i. 384
Seats, or houses, ii. 4, 359, of justice set to sale, oppression,

ii. 394

Sebastian, king of Portugal, his expedition into Africa, iii. 474

Secret properties, ii 77

Secrets not to be revealed in anger, why, ii. 288

Secrecy the virtue of a confessor, ii. 264, what necessary toil, ii.

265, the great importance of it to princes, ii. 302. Secrecy in

council, and celerity in execution, ii. 305, business tainted for want

of it, ii. 370, 371

Sectaries, their tenets inconsistent with monarchy, iii. 435, not to have

countenance or connivance, iii. 436

Secundine, or caul, i. 493

Seditions, ii. 283. Seditions and tumults are brother and sister,

ii. 284, the prognostics, materials, causes, and remedies of them,

ii. 285, etseq.

See of Rome, attempts to alienate the hearts of people from the king,

iv. 388

Seeds steeped' in several liquors hasten their growth, i. 391, 392.
Seeds in plants more strong than either leaf or root, i, 457, 458, the
cause, ibid, in some not, ibid. Seeds how to be chosen, i. 427,
470, plants growing without seed, i. 435, 4-36. Seeds, if very
old, make the plant degenerate, i. 224

INDEX.

Sejanus, his intimacy with Tiberius, ii. 316, the device to pull him

down, ii. 344

Seipsurn defendendo, an act clone, why not always justifiable, iv. 36, the

punishment for killing a man in that act, iv. 83

Seizure, lessee is shewn to have no property in timber-trees from

thence, iv, 221

Selden, John, his letter to lord St. Alban, vi. SOS

Seminaries, when they blossomed in their missions into England,

iii.512

Sena loseth its windiness by decoction, i. 252, purges melancholy,

i. 263

Seneca's stile, mortar without lime, ii. 449, his sentiment of despising
death, ii. 256, says the good things of adversity are to be admired,
ii. 262, greedy of executorships, ii. 340, a saying of his, iii. 530,
condemned, in. 468

Seneca, the tragedian, ii. 341

Senses, their pleasures and displeasures, i. 484, their instruments
have a similitude with that which giveth the reflection of the ob-
ject, i. 347
Separation of several natures by straining,!. 145, 146, 147, of seve-
ral liquors by weight, i. 249, and of the same kind of liquors
thickened, i. 250, of metals, i. 525
Separation of the cruder parts prohibiteth putrefaction, i. 369
Separation of bodies by weight, i. 249, in liquors, i. 355, 356,

et seq.

Separation of metals and minerals, ii. 200, consists of refining, ex-
tracting, and princioiation, ibid.
Separation, the external points thereof, between England and Scot-
land, Hi. 274, the internal points, iii. 277
Septimius Severus died iji dispatch of business, ii. 556, his excessive
fondness to his chief favourite, ii. 316, his character, ii. 355
Sequestrations, in what cases to be granted, iv. 514
Serjeants feast, v. 114
Serjeants at law, none to be made except such as are qualified to be
judges afterwards, iii. 440
Serjeantry, tenures by, what they are, and how instituted, iv. 1 04
Serpent, an observation on him, ii. 3.30
Sertorius, ii. .145
Servants, ii. 275
Servets used in Turkey, i. 43^
Sessions to be held quarterly by the justices, with the method of pro-
ceeding in them, iv. 89
Setting oi wheat, i. 402
Setting of trees higher or lower, i. 402
Several fruits upon one tree, i. 4 1 9
Sexes in plants, i. 45 1
Sexviri, their office among the Athenians, ii. 368, 378
Sfortia, Ludovico, duke of Milan, v. 1 1 5
Shade helpeth some plants, i. 402
Shadows, why they seem ever to tremble, ii. 34
Shaking of the head compared to the shaking of a bottle, ii. 429

INDEX.

Shallows break more than deeps, ii. 34

.Shame, i. 493, the impressions thereof infectious i. 57

Shaw, Dr. his tale at Paul's* cross, v. 9, concerning the bastardy of
the children of Edward IV. ibid.

Shell-fish have no bones within, i. 504, have male and female gene-
rally, ii. 33
Shenejpalace almost burnt down, v. 148
Sberifrs tourne, its origin and jurisdiction, iv, 85, is called also Curia
franciplegii, ibid, made judges of the court for the county and hun-
dreds, iv ^ 86, called viceccnniles, ibid, their office, ibid. iv. 3 17, are
bound to attend the judges in their county, by person or by de-
puty, iv. 97, from whence they are so called, iv. 317
Sheriffs account* how to be managed, iv. 1 45, their attendance in
the circuits of the judges, Hi. 440, ancienter than the conquest,
and of great consequence, iii. 441
Shifting for the better helpeth plants and living creatures, i. 401
Shining wood, many experiments about it, i. 370
Shipping, or navy, the walls of England, iii. 450, all the necessary-
materials of it our own produce, save sails and cordage, ibid.
Shooting, good for the lungs and stomach, ii. 374
Showers good for the fruit, i. 467, for some not, ibid. Night-
showers better than day-showers, ibid.
Showers after a long drought cause sicknesses if they be gentle ; if great
not, ii. 2, 3
Shrewsbury, Gilbert earl of, vi. J07
Shrewsbury, Jaclv, some account of her, and her trial, v. 347
Shute, Mr. carries a message from Sir George Villiers to Sir Fran-
cis Bacon, vi. 88
Sibyls books, ii. 246
Sicknesses of the summer and the winter, i. 384
Sighing and yawning, the breath drawn in by both, i. 475
Sight, the object thereof, quicker than of hearing, i. 328. Sight,
ii, 30, 31, 32, objects thereof cause great delights in the spirits, but
no great offence, why, ibid.
Sigi«mumd, prince of Transilvania, iii. 474, heads three provinces
whic'h revolt in Turkey, iii. 304
Silk worms '• 482
Silver more easily made than gold, i. 361, 362, ii. 191, the Chinese
intent upon making it, i. 3(52, Silver halfpence, ii. 251
Silver, certificate touching the scarcity of it at the mint, iii. 333
•Simcrock, his deposition, vi. j)8
Simnel, Lambert, v. 20, his history in personating the 2rl son df Ed-
ward IV. ibid, changes his scene, anil personates Edward Planta-
genet, v. 22, afterwards proclaimed at Dublin, v. 24, taken in the
battle near Newark, v. 33, consigned to an office in the king's
kitchen, ibicl, preferred to be his falconer, v. 33, 103
Simonds William, v. 20, never brought to trial or execution, v. 22,
taken at the battle of Stokefield, v. 33, no more heard of, ibid.
Simomdei, "• 41-7
Simples special for medicine, i. 478, such as have subtle parts with-
out acrimony, ibid, many creatures bred of putrefaction, are such,
il'id. also putrefactions of plants ibid.

INDEX.

Simulation and dissimulation, ii. 263 1 a weak kind of policy, ibid, and
differ from judgment, ii. 263, 264-, three degrees of it, ii. 2*54, its
advantages, ii. '265, tlie case of dissembling knowledge, ii. 3'J4-
Sinews, why much aflected with cold, i. 477

Single life, the causes of it, ii. 268, recommended to churchmen,
ibid, most charitable, and yet most cruel, ibid.

Singularities in several plants, i. 47 1 , 472

Sinking of bodies,, its cause, i. 51$

Sitting healthful, why, -199

Six clerks, concerning the grant of their office, v. 495

Sixtus V. how the son of an illustrious house, ii. 423, a tale of his re-
ception in the other world, ii. 424-
Skip with, Henry, his cause in chancery recommended by the earl of
Buckingham, vi. 142
Skull, of one entire bone, i. 504-
Slander, how to be punished, iv. 82
Sleep, a great nourisher, i. 270,271, Sleep promotes sweat, and
stays other evacuations of the body, i. 489. Sleep, why hindered
by cold in the feet, i. .503, furthered by some kind of noises, ibid,
nourisheth in many beasts and birds, ibid, creatures that sleep all
winter, ii. 41. Sleeping plants, i. 454-
Smells and odours, i. 386, best at some distance as well as sound,
why, ibid, best where the body is crushed, ibid, not so in flowers
crushed, ibid, best in flowers whose leaves smell not, ibid. Smells,
sweet, ii. 9, have all a corporeal substance, ii. 10, 1). Smells,
fetid, ii. 11. Smells of the jail very pernicious, ii. 49. Smells
that are most dangerous, ii. .50, 51
Smith, Sir Thomas, his case in Essex's treason, iii. 232
Sir Thomas Smith, sent ambassador to Russia, vi. 139
Smoke preserveth flesh, i. 370
Snake's-skin worn for health, ii. 68
Sneezing causeth hiccup, i. 476, why induced by looking against
the sun, ibid, caused by tickling the nose, i. 51 1
Snow, why colder than water, i. 279
Snow-water unwholsome, i. 388. Snows cause fruitfulness, whence,
i. 467, 47 1, puts forth plants and breeds worms, i. 436, 437, 482
Snow, good to be applied to a mortified part, whence, i. 51'0
Socage, tenures so called, what, and how instituted, iv. 105, dfc.
reserved by the lord, iv. 106
Socotra, that island famous for the sanguis draconis, i. 46O
Socrates, what he said of the oracle of Delphos, it. 417, his senti-
ments of the writings of Heraclitus, ibid, compared to the apotheca-
ries pots containing precious drugs, ii. 413
Soft bodies, i. 37 I, their cause, ibid, are of two sorts, ibid.
Soldiers, want of provision for them, when disbanded, complained
of, iii. 69
Soles of the feet have a sympathy with the head, i. 288
Solicitor and attorney general, &fc. their consequence, iii. 440
Solid bodies sweating, fbreshew rain, ii. *
Solitude, what the delight in it implies, ii. 3 1 4
Solomon, ii. 338
Solomon's house modelled in the New Atlantis, ii. 80, 90, 209, in-

INDEX.

stituted for the study of the works and creatures of God, ii. 99, the
true state of it, ii. ill, the several employments and offices in it,

ii. 119, 120

Solon compares the people to the sea, ii. 417, wept for his son's
death, ii. 4-39, his saying to Croesus, ii. 443, what remarkable in
his laws, iv. 377

Somerset, Robert Car, earl of, letter from him to Sir Thomas Over-
bury, vi. 65 3 questions of Sir Francis Bacon relating to his case, vi. 94,
heads of the charge against him, vi. 97, charged with treasons and
plots with Spain, vi. 102, delivered out of the Tower, vi. 304, par-
doned, and to be allowed to sit in parliament, vi. 383
Somerset, countess of, charge against her for poisoning of Overbury,
iv. 457, a charge against the earl for the same fact, iv. 472, he is
criminally in love with the countess of Essex, iv. 478, his behaviour
at, and after the time of Overbury's being poisoned, iv. 481, some
farther account of his treason, v. 3S7, 388, 389, some things relat-
ing to his examination, v. 390, several cases put to the king about
his trial, confession, fyc. v. 395, concerning his arraignment and
examination, v. 400, fyc. See Overbury.

Somerset, countess of, questions to the judges relating to her case,

vi. 94. Dr. Whiting ordered to preach before her, vi. 102, charge

prepared by Francis Bacon against her, in case she pleaded guilty,

vi. 104, delivered out of the Tower, vi. 304

Soot, a good compost, i. 392, 446

Soporiferous medicines, ii. 69

Sorrel, i. 470, the root thereof sometimes three cubits deep, ibid.

Sovereign. See King.

Soul of man was first breathed into him by God, ii. 483, of good
men how disposed of after death, ii. 488, of idiots and wise men
the same, ii. 47 5

Soul, doctrine of the human soul, i. 1 17, 127

Soul of the world, ii. 43

Sounds musical and immusical, i. 291

Sounds, why more apt to procure sleep than tones, i. 297, nature of
sounds not sufficiently inquired, i. 299, motions, great, in nature
without sounds, ibid, nullity and entity of sounds, i. 299, et seq.
swiftness of motion may make sounds inaudible, i. 300. Sound
not an elision of the air, i. 303, the reasons thereof, i. 303, 304.
Sounds not produced without some local motion of the me-
dium, i. 304, yet distinction to be macitf betwixt the
motion of the air, and the sounds themselves, ibid, great
sounds without great motions in the 'air, from other bo-
dies, i. 305, have rarified the air much, ibid, have caused deaf-
ness, ibid, inclosure of sounds preserveth them, i. 306. Sounds
partly inclosed, and partly in open air, ibid, better heard from
without than within, ibid, a semiconcave will convey sound better
than open air, ibid, any long pole will do the like, i. 306, 307,
trial to be made in a crooked concave, i. 307. Sounds may be
created without air, ibid, difference of sounds in different vessels
filled with water, ibid. Sound within a flame, ibid. Sound upon a
barrel emptier or fuller, i. 307, 308. Sound not created betwixt
the bow and the string, but betwixt the string and the air, i. 308,

INDEX.

the majoration of sounds, i. 311, soft bodies damp sound;;, i. 313,
mixture of sounds, ibid, magnitude of sounds, i. 308, i. 314, in a
trunk, i. 306, in a hunter's horn bigger at the lower end, ibid.
in a vault under the earth, i. 309, in hawk's bells, rather than upon
a piece of brass in the open air, ibid, in a drum, ibid, farther
heard by night than by day, why, ibid, increased by the con-
current reflection, ibid, increased by the sound-board in instru-
ments, i. 310, in an Irish harp, ibid, in a virginal the lid shut,
ibid, in a concave within a wall, ibid, in a bow-string, the horn
of the bow laid to the ear, ibid, the like in a rod of iron or brass,
i. 311, the like conveyed by a pi lar of wood from an upper cham-
ber to a lower, ibid, the like from the bottom of a well, ibid, five
ways of majoration of sounds, i. 311, exility of sounds through
any porous bodies, i. 312, through water, ibid, strings stopped
short, ibid, damping of sounds with a soft body, ibid, iron hot
not so sounding as cold, i. 313, water warm not so sounding in the
fall, as cold, ibid, loudness and softness ol sound differ from mag-
nitude and exility, i. 314, loudness of sounds, whence, ibid,
communication of sounds, i. 315, inequality of sounds, i. 316, un-
equal sounds ingrate, ibid, grateful sounds, ibid, musical and im-
nmsical, at pleasure, only in men and birds, i. 317, humming of
bees, an unequal sound, ibid, metals quenched give an hissing
sound, ibid, base and treble sounds, i. 318, two causes of treble
in strings, ibid, proportion of the air percussed in treble and base,
ibid, trial hereof to be made in the winding up of a string, i. 31.9,
difference of sounds from the distances of frets, i. 320, in the
boresof wind instruments, ibid, interior and exterior sounds, i. 321,
their difference, ibid, several kinds of each, i. 321, 322, interior
sounds rather a concussion than a section of the air, i. 321, sound?
by suction, i. 322, articulation of sounds, ibid, articulate sounds
in every part of the air, ibid, winds hinder not the articulation,
ibid, distance hindreth, i. 322, 323, speaking under water hin-
dreth it not, i. 323, articulation requireth a mediocrity of sound,
ibid, confounded in a room over an arched vault, ibid, motions of
the instruments of speech towards the forming of letters, i. 323, in-
struments of voice, which they are, i. 324, inarticulate voices and
inanimate sounds, have a similitude with divers letters, ibid., mo-
tions of sounds, i. 325, they move in round, ibid, may move in an
arched line, ibid, supposed that sounds move better downwards
than upwards, i. 326, trial of it, ibid, lasting of sounds, ibid, sounds
continue not, but renew, ibid, great sounds heard at far distance, i,
327, not in the instant of the sound, but long after, ibid, object of
sight quicker than sound, i. 328, sounds vanish by degrees, which
the objects of sight do not, whence, ibid, passage of sounds through
other bodies, ibid. Ihe body intercepting must not be very thick,
ibid, the spirits of the body intercepting, whether they co-operate
in the sound, i. 329, sound not heard in a long downright arch,
ibid, passeth easily through foraminous bodies, ibid, whether di-
minished in the passage through small crannies, ibid, medium of
sounds, ibid, air the best medium, i. 330, thin air not so good
as thick air, ibid, whether flame a fit medium, ibid, whether
other liquors beside water, ibid, figures of pipes or con-
caves that conduce to the. difference of sounds, i. 330,

I tt D E X,

ral trials of them, i. 331, 332, mixture of sounds, i. 332, audi-
bles mingle in the medium, which visibles do not, ibid, the cause
thereof, ibid, mixture without distinction makes the best harmony,
ibid, qualities in the air have no operation upon sounds, i. 333,
sounds in the air alter one another, ibid, two sounds of like loudness
will not be heard as far again as one, why, ibid, melioration of
sounds, ibid, polished bodies creating sounds meliorate them, i.
333, 334, wet on the inside of a pipe doth the like, ibid,
frosty weather causeth the same, ibid, mingling of open
air with pent air doth the same, ibid, from a body equal
sounds better, ibid, intention of the sense of hearing melio-
rateth them, i. 335, imitation of sounds, ibid, the wonder thereof
in children and birds, ibid, reflexion of sounds, i. 337, its several
kinds, ibid, no refraction in sounds observed, i. 340, sympathy and
* antipathy of sounds, i. 346, concords and discords in music are sym-
pathies and antipathies of sounds, ibid, strings that best agree in
consort, ibid, strings tuned to an unison or diapason shew a sympa-
thy, ibid, sympathy conceived to cause no report, ibid, experiment
of sympathy to be transferred to wind-instruments, i. 347, essence
of sounds spiritual, i. 348, sounds not impressions of the air, ibid,
causes of the sudden generation and perishing of sounds, i. 348,
349, conclusion touching sounds, i. 349

Sour things, why they provoke appetite, ii. 9

Sourness in fruits and liquors, its cause, ii. 28

Souring of liquors in the sun, ii. 40

Southampton, his confession of Essex's design, Hi. 147, 148, is made
general of the horse in Ireland by Essex, contrary to the queen's
command, iii. 149, his trial, with lord Essex's, iii. 168, his defence,
iii. 171, an answer to his defence, iii. 173, he is found guilty of
treason, iii. 176, his examinations and confessions at and after ar-
raignment, iii. 205, some farther account of him, v. 281
South-winds dispose mens bodies to heaviness, i. 383, south-winds
hurtful to fruit blossoming, i. 467, south-winds without rain breed
pestilence, with rain not, whence, i. 520, on the sea-coast not so,

ibid.

South-east sun better than the south-west for ripening fruit, i. 393
Spain, its subjection formerly to several kingdoms, iii. 303, union of
its kingdoms, iii. 259, sets fire to its Indian fleet, iii. 239, success
of our English arms against them, ibid, a report of their injuries to
us, as represented by the merchants, iii. 330, 331,332, some ex-
tenuations of their injuries to us, iii. 335, 336, concerning the
trade thither, iii. 336, we are not to transport any commodities
of the Low-countries thither, iii. 336, its state considered, iii. 57,
its enterprise upon England, with the invincible armada, and the
ignoble return, iii. 63, 64, is not to be feared by us, iii. 64, king
thereof compared with Philip ofMacedon, iii. 76, aims at univer-
sal monarchy, ibid, his ambition, how crossed, iii. 78, the de-
signs thereof upon several nations, ibid. &c. is hindered in his in-
tended conquests, by the wars in the Low-countries, iii. 79, their
proceedings with several other states, iii. 80, their ill treatment of
our merchants, iii. 87, 88, they lay aside thoughts of meddling
with England, and attack France, iii. 106, the intentions of the
king against queen Elizabeth, ibid, he designs to poison her, »ii.

INDEX.

107, a match proposed with Spain, but king James U advised

against it, unless all his council agree in it, . v. 46'7 , 4-68

Spain has but two enemies, all the world and its own ministers,

iii. 534

Spain, notes of a speech concerning a war with Spain, iii. 493, et
seq. considerations of a war with it, iii. 499

Spalatro, archbishop of, ii. 4-32, 433

Spanish Montera, ii. 109

Spaniards and Spartans of small dispatch, ii. 312. Spaniards seem
wiser than they are, ii. 3 1 3, the wonder how they hold such
large dominions with so few natural Spaniards, ii, 326, have had a
veteran army for six score years, ii. 329, no such giants as some
think, iii. 499, accessions to their monarchy recounted, iii. 509,
twice invaded England and Ireland, ibid, no overmatch tor Eng-
land, iii. 513, armada intended for an utter conquest, iii. 517
Sparta was jealous of naturalizing persons, the fatal consequences of
it to them, iii. 303

Spartans, the cause of their ruin, ii. 326, the patience of the Spartan
boys, ii. 349

Sparkling woods by sudden breaking, i. 463

Species visible and spiritual, i. 509, ii. 47

Speech always with expulsion of breath, i. 304, wonderful imitation
of it in children and birds, i. 335, discretion of speech better than
eloquence, ii. 334, 335, how influenced, ii.348

Speech about recovering drowned mineral works, x ii. 208

Speech, a report of the earls of Salisbury's and Northampton's, upon
the merchant's petition relating to the Spanish grievances, iii. 330,
to the king, upon presenting to him from the parliament an ac-
count of some grievances, iii. 357, to obtain liberty of the king to
treat upon compounding for tenures, iii. 359, concerning the par-
liament's manner of receiving messages from the king, iii. 369,
one in behalf or a supply to be given to the king, iii. 382, about
a set of men in parliament called undertakers, iii. 395, upon re-
ceiving the great seal, iv. 486, before the summer circuits, iv.
497, upon making Sir William Jones lord chief justice of Ireland,
iv. 501, upon Denham's being made baron of the exchequer, iv.
504, upon making Hutton one of the judges of the common pleas,
iv.507, upon Richardson's excusing himself to be speaker of the
house of commons, iii. 4O4

Speeches, an appendix of history,, i. 89

Spencer, Hugh, his banishment, iv. 351, his dangerous assertion con-
cerning the homage of the subject, ibid.
Spencer, Alderman, left his vast fortune to his daughter, who mar-
ried lord Compton, vi. 3
Spirit, the Holy, how it is ordinarily dispensed, ii. 487
Spirit of wine cold to the touch, i. 278
Spirits in bodies scarce known, i. 289, several opinions of them,
ibid, they are natural bodies rarefied, i. 290, causes of most of the
effects in nature, ibid, they have six differing operations, i. 363.
Spirit of wine, several experiments about it, i. 378, 379. Spirits in
bodies, i. 449, 450, how they differ in animate and inanimate, ibid.
how in plants and living creatures, i. 451, motion of the spirits ex-

INDEX.

Cited by the moon, ii. 40, the strengthening of them prohibited
putrefaction, i. 359

Spirits of men fly upon odious objects, i. 522, the transmission of spi-
rits, ii. 44, et seq. transmission of them from the minds of men, ii.
56, etseq. such things as comfort the spirits by sympathy, ii. 65,
66, the strife of the spirits best helped by arresting them for a time,

ii. 68

Spoils in war, like water spilt on the ground, not to be gotten up,

v. 1 39, j 4-0

Springs of water made by art, i. 254

Spring- water on the the top of hills best, i. 333

Sprouting of plants with water only, i. 462

Spunge draws up water higher than the surface, i. 281, ii. 36

Spunges, the place and manner of their growth, i. 486

Spur of birds is but a nail, i. 504

Squill, good to set kernels or plumb-stones in, i. 403

Squinting, whence it proceeds, ii. 30

Squire, Edward, executed for treason, vi. 41

StafTords, Humphry and Thomas, take arms against Henry VII. v.
18, fly for sanctuary to Colnham, v. 19. Humphry executed,
and the younger pardoned, ibid.

Stafford, Edward, eldest son of the Duke of Buckingham, v. 16, re-
stored by Henry VII. to his dignities and fortunes, ibid.
StagVhorn, ivy said to grow out of one, i. 432
Stages-heart, with a bone in it, i. 505
Stanford, Sir William, v. 136
Stanchers of blood, i.276, ii. 70
Stanhope, lord, vi. 177
Stanhope, Mr. John, vi. 40
Stanley, William, puts a crown on Henry VII. in the field, v. 8,
Sir William favours Perkin, v. 98, is lord chamberlain, v. 105,
impeached by Clifford, v. 106, oneof the richest subjects, v. 107,
condemned arid beheaded, ibid.
Stanley, Thomas lord, made earl of Derby at the coronation of Hen-
ry VII. v. 12, being the king's father-in-law, ibid, brother to Sir
WTilliam, v. 106
Stanley, imprisoned in the Tower, vi. 41, 42-
Stars lesser obscured, a sign of tempest, ii. 6
Star-chamber confirmed by parliament in certain cases, v. 54, one of
the sagest institutions in the kingdom, ibid.
Statim, its meaning explained by several cases, iv. 254
Statute laws, the great number of them censured, iv. 366, they want
most correcting of any, iv. 367, more doubts arise upon them than
upon the common law, iv. 369, the method of reforming them,
iv. 373, of 27th of Henry VIII. concerning an use, its advantage
and extent, iv. 120, &c. this statute takes away all uses, and re-
duces the law to the ancient form of conveyance of land by feofF-
ment, fine, and recovery, iv. 123, of 39 of Elizabeth, concerning
the explanation of the word marches, iv. 278, of 2 Edward VI. for
the same ibid, of .'2 of Henry VIII. for the same, ibid, of 37 of
Henry VIII. for the same, ibid, of 4 of Edward IV. for the same,

INDEX.

ibid, of 27 of Edward III. for the same, iv. 280, &c. three things
to be considered for the right understanding of any statute, iv.
160, several relating to the case of uses explained, iv. 160,169,
of 5 of Edward III. for the relief of creditors, iv. 177, several
collected relating to uses, iv. 178, 179, what method to be observ-
ed in expounding them, iv. 1 89, where an action is given by one,
interest is supposed, iv. 225, observations of statute 26 Henry
VIII. and 16 Richard II. iv. 275, 25 of Edward III. concern-
ing where allegiance is due, iv. 331, ofprxrogativa regis, its ex-
cellent and wise foundation, iv. 356, whether those touching
England and Scotland are to be repealed upon the union, iii. 269,
some which consider the Scots as an enemy, ibid, breach of any
statute how to be punished, iv. 392. See Case. 22 Henry
VIII. upon the design of poisoning any one, iv. 449, of Edward
III. concerning purveyors, iii. 256, of Henry V. concerning the
redress by letters of mart, iii. 339

Stealths of all sorts are to be presented, . iv. 391

Steel, the melting of it promoted by brimstone, ii. 187, 188

Steel and parchment, very doubtful whether they are good against
natural title, v. 173

Stercoration, i. 445

Sterility of the year changeth corn into another kind, i. 225

Steward, Dr. vi. 211,214-

Stewards of leets and Iaw-days> their jurisdiction, iv. 87

Stilposays, he was the man whom Diogenes sought with his Ian-
thorn, ii. 418
Stoics felicity resembles that of a player, ii. 235
Stolen goods, in what cases they may be seized by the owner, and
in what not, iv. 126
Stomach, the appetite thereof, ii. 9, the qualities that provoke ap-
petite, ibid, a receipt for it, ii. 227
Stone wanting in fruits, i. 423
Stone said to be cured by an application to the wrist, i. 288, stone
will melt and vitrify, ii. 192, where the seat of it in human bo-
dies, ii. 207, stone engendered in a toad's head, ibid, a broth and
fomentation for it, ii. 226
Strawberries early, i. 392, 393
Straying, how property in live cattle is gained thereby, iv. 1 27
Stretching, a motion of imitation, i. 352
Strife of the spirits how to be assuaged, ii. 68
Strings, musical, should be all of a size, i. 316
Stub, old, putting forth a tree of another kind, i. 425
Studies for delight, ornament, and ability, ii. 373, studies, how in-
fluenced, ii. 348, perfect nature, and are perfected by experience,
ii. 374, condemned by the crafty, admired by the simple, used by
the wise, ibid.
Stuttering, two causes thereof, i. 385, generally in choleric persons,
why, i. 386
Suarez, an account of his doctrine about the pope's power to depose
kings, iv. 424-
Subjection to a king generally, and to a king as king of a certain
kingdom, this difference how authorised, with answer, iv. 334,
VOL. VI. M M

INDEX.

that it is rather dug to the crown than the person of the king,

is a dangerous doctrine, iv. 351, how resented by the nobility in

Spencer's case, ibid.

Subjects of England, how far they think it not legal to be forced to

foreign wars, iii. 451

Subjects of our thoughts, words, and actions, under what direction,

ii. 348

Sublimation of metals, ii. 204*

Submission to monarchical government, proceeds from four causes,

iv. 323, &c.

Subscriptions of the clergy, our author's opinion of them, ii. 541
Subsidy and benevolence withcut war, v. 172

Subsidy, a speech on the motion of one in the 39th of Elizabeth,

iii. 334-

Subterr any fires, i.376

Succession, particular cases relating to the succession to lands by
the offspring of any person once attainted, iv. 110, 111, to king-
doms, instances in many princes who would not fix it, iii. 65, 66
Successor declared may abate respect, but increases safety, v. 1 98
Sucking long, ill for children, i. 373

Suckling, Sir John, vi. 381

Suffolk, earl of, son of John de la Pole, duke of Suffolk, and Eliza-
beth, eldest sister of Edward IV. v. 161, flies to his aunt the du-
chess of Burgundy, ibid, involves himself at prince Arthur's mar-
riage, v. 1 69, and ifies again into Flanders, ibid, stiled a hair-
brained fellow by the king, v. 178, is recalled, being assured of
life with hopes of liberty, . v. 179

Suffolk, lord, and his lady, prosecuted in the star-chamber, vt. 219,
fined 30,0001, v. 522, he;s admitted again to sit in parliament,

vi. 383, 384.

Sugar shineth in scraping, I. 370. Sugar little known to the ancients,
i. 453. Sugar, how dissolved, ii. 21, its uses, ibid, draweth li-
quor higher than the liquor cometh, i. 281, ii. 35
Suing in forma pauperis, its original, v. 117. Suing to be made a
judge, to be suspected, &c. iii. 440
Suitors, ii. 372, what they are in fact, and what they ought to be,
ii. 373, dispatch to be given them, iii. 430, how to be ranked in-
to several kinds, iii. 433
Suits in chancery, what kind of them are to be dismissed the court, iv.
511, what to be admitted in chancery, after judgment in other
'courts, iv. 514, 515, in which the plaintiff had not probabijcrn
causnm litigandi, he shall pay utmost costs, iv. 5 17, are to be car-
ried on with less delay and expence to the subject, iv. 495
Sulphureous and mercurial tribes, i. 373
Summer and winter sicknesses, i. 384, the prognostics of a dry
summer, ii. 5
Sun tanneth, which fire doth not, whence, i. 389
Sun, the reason of its greater heat under Leo than Cancer, iii. 260
Sun, gopd by aspect, evil by conjunction, ii. 242, never sets in the
Spanish dominions, iii. 476, worshipped in Peru, iii. 477
Btiperfetation, its cause, i. 434
Super-plants, others beside misletoe, i. 466

INDEX.

Superstition> worse than infidelity, ii. 292, in matters of blood
surpasses custom, ii. 349

Supplicavit for good behaviour, when to be granted, iv. 523

Supporting plants of tlfemselves, and others not, i. 444

Supremacy of the pope, placed with offences of state, iv. 388, 389,
the asserters thereof how to be punished, iv. 389, how dangerous
to princes this doctrine is, iv. 442, ecclesiastical, a prerogative of
the crown of England, iii. 342, oaths of it, are altered by queen
Elizabeth, iii. 72, 73, a contest between king James and the pope
about it, v. 303

Surety, how one may be bound to find it for good behaviour, iv. 82,
the method of proceeding with a person so bound before he is
discharged, iv. 89, the benefits of it with regard to the union of
England and Scotland, iii. 306

Surfeits often cause purging, i. 262

Surplice, whether the use of it should be laid aside or no, ii. 541
Surprise in business, ii. 306

Surrey, Thomas earl of, released out of the Tower, and pardoned by
Henry VII. v. 58, sent against the Yorkshire rebels, ibid, and
defeats them, ibid, lieutenant of the North, ibid, dispatched again
into the North, v. 132, pursues the king of Scots, and takes the
castle of Aton, v. 137

Suspicions, ii. 332, like bats among birds flying by twilight, ibid,
cloud the mind, check business, ibid, seated in the brain, not the
heart, ibid, causes whence they proceed, ibid.

Sutton, his design about the charter-house condemned, iii. 388, what
his intent was therein, iii. 389, advice to the king about the ma-
naging his estate, ibid.
Sutton's hospital, ii. 208
Swallows, their early arrival what it portends, ii. 5
Swallows, how made white, ii. 70
Swart, Martin, sent by the lady Margaret at the head of 2000
Almains, v. 28, slain in battle by Henry VII. v. 32, 33
Sweat, moderate, preserveth the body, i. 378. Sweat, what, i. 488,
parts under the water, though hot, sweat not, ibid, salt in taste, i.
489, cometh more from the upper parts than from the lower, ibid,
more in sleep than waking, ibid, cold sweat commonly mortal,
ibid. Sweat, in what diseases good, in what bad, i, 489, 490, some
men smelling sweet in their sweats, i. 247
Sweating sickness, v. 1 1, its description and cure, v. 11, 12
Sweden, state of its affairs, iii. 56
Sweet moss, i. 43 1 , 461. Sweetness of odour from the rainbow, ii. 9.
Sweetness of odour, whether or not in some water, ii. 9, 10, .found
in earth, ii. 9. Sweet smells, ii. 10, several properties of them,
ibid, they have a corporeal substance, are not like light, colours,
and sound, ibid.
Sweetness in fruits and liquors, whence, ii. 28. Sweet things com-
mixed prohibit putrefaction, i. 369, 370
Swelling, how caused in the body, i. 366, how it may be kept down,
ii. 28, why it followeth upon blows and bruises, > ibid.
Swelling of grains upon boiling, ii. 25, 26, the cause of the different
swelling of them, ibid.

M M 2

INDEX.

Swimming of bodies, whence, i. 515, 521

S wines dung dulcorateth fruit, whence, i. 407

Swinging of bottles, the use of it, i. 357

Switzers, why they last well notwithstanding the diversity of religion,

iii.7

Switzers, their success over Burgundy and France, iiu 308

Swoonings, ii. 51, 52

Swords, two among Christians, ii. 259, the sword of Mahomet a

third to propagate religion by sanguinary persecutions, ii. 260.

Sword in the people's hand tends to the subversion of government,

ibid.

Sylla raised Pompey, ii. 315, 3L6, three things remarkable in him,

iv. 377

Sylva sylvarum, the intention of it, i. 287, its contents, ibid. ii. 426

Sympathy and antipathy, i. 288. Sympathy and antipathy of plants,

i. 411,et seq. Sympathy, wherein it consists, ii. 48. Sympathy

secret, between persons near in blood, ii. 71, 72, between great

friends in absence, ibid. Sympathy betwixt multitudes, ibid.

Sympathy in individuals, ii. 73

Sympathies are of two sorts only, iii. 229

Synods blamed, ii. 257

T.

TACITUS, his arts of state and life, ii. 263. Vide i. 1 1 3, 1 1 4, 1 1 8,
his character of Seneca, ii. 240, his saying of Mucianus, ii. 380
Talbot, Sir William, a charge against him for appealing to the doc-
trine of the church of Rome about deposing and excommunicating
kings, iv. 4-20, the occasion of his offence, iv. 423, the particu-
lars of the charge against him, iv. 424, his declaration subscribed
by himself, concerning the doctrine of Suarez, iv. 426

Tan field, Laurence, made chief baron of the Exchequer, vi. 9

Tangible bodies of themselves cold, i. 278, even spirit of wine and
chemical oils, cold to the touch, ibid, differences of tangible
parts in bodies, received some light from the chemists, i. 290

Tar, an antidote against the plague, ii. 49

Taste, alteration of it in bodily disorders, i. 477

Taxes, people overlaid with them never martial, ii. 324, laid by con-
sent best, ibid, the several sorts of taxes in England, iii. 70, 71,

72

Taxes, how to, be managed after the union of England and Scotland,
iii. 284, concerning the number of them in queen Elizabeth's time,

iii. 70

Tears of trees, i. 454

Teeth, scales growing on them, i. 286, great intercourse between
them and the instrument of hearing, i. 311. Teeth, i. 476, 505,
506, 507, their tenderness, i. 476. Teeth set on edge by harsh
sounds, the cause, i. 484, sinews in them, the cause of their pain,
not the marrow, i. 505, their several kinds, ibid, their difference
in several creatures, ibid, horned beasts have no upper teeth, ibid.

INDEX.

Tooth, the mark of horses age, i. 506, at what age they come forth
in men, ibid, what things hurt them, ibid, chief est considerations
about the teeth, ibid, restitution of teeth in age, ibid, whether it
may be clone or no, ibid.

Telesius, the reviver of Parmenides, and the best of the novelists,

i. 278

Temperance, the proper virtue of prosperity, ii. 262

Tempests, their productions, ii. 6

Temple, Mr. William, some account of him, v. 285

Tensure, i. 24-8

Tensile bodies, ii. 18, difference between fibrous and viscous.

ii. 19

Tenants particular, their power in estates, iv. 218, of seigniories,
shall not have aid, and why, ibid, in dower, much favoured by
our laws, iv. 185, upon the borders of Scotland, how to be dealt
with after the union, iii. 270

Tenure of land, what is meant thereby, iv. 102, in capite, what it is,
iv. 104, of the king, may take more hurt by a resolution in
law, than by many suppressions and concealments, iv. 234, the
great favour of our law towards those in capite, ibid, are divided
into two kinds, iv. 235, by knight's service more eminent than by
socage, with the reasons of it, ibid, in capitc is the most wrorthy
of all, iv. 236, by knight's service in capite, cannot be aliened
without licence from the king, ibid, the penalty of alienation, ibid,
wheresoever the law createth the tenure of the king, it always
raiseth a tenure in capite, iv. 237, 242, where there is any uncer-
tainty of tenure by common law, it shall be tenure in capite, iv.
237, where the tenure reserved is repugnant to law, or impossi-
ble, it is the same, iv. 237, 238, so also where a tenure once cre-
ated is afterwards extinct, iv. 237, several instances of what are
tenures in capite, iv. 237, 238, 239, of a rent or seigniory when
judged in ewe, iv. 241, in what cases they are revived, iv. 243,'
&c. a speech to desire liberty of the king to compound for
them, iii. 359, they have regard to considerations of honour, con-
science, and profit, iii. 360, &c. belong to the prerogative by an~
cient common law, ibjd. the nature of them much altered, iii. 36,1,
cases of wardship, where there was nothing of them, iii. 362. See
Case, Lowe's Case.

Tenures of several kinds, iv. 142

Terebration of trees, i. 401, 407

Terentius, a Roman knight, his behaviour and saying when he was

accused of intimacy with Sejanus, v. 373

Terminor, the nature of his estate, iv. 216, inferences relating to

the inheritance of timber-trees drawn from thence, ivf 217

Terra Lemma, i. 486

Terra sigillata communis, i. 486

Thales, his monopoly of olives, i. 47 J, his stricture upon marriage,

ii. 417

Theft, a property gained that way, how it may sometimes bar the
right of the owner, iv. 112, and robberies, how to be punished,

iv. 3.91

Themistocles reprimands an ambassador, ii. 435. Vide ii. 440, 418
Themistocles compares speech to cloth of Arras spread abroad, ii,

INDEX.

318, his arrogant commendations of himself, ii. 322, drove
Xerxes out of Greece by a report, ii. 397

Theodosius promised nothing it it was unjust, ii. 434

Thistle-down, (tying in the air, foresheweth wind, ii. 7

Thomas Aquinas, his definition of a just cause of war, iii. 509

Thomas, Valentine, accuses the king of Scots, vi. 41

Thorns, plants that have them, i. 434

Thorpe, observations on his case, vi. 284

Thoughts and conjectures on the different objects that merit man's at-
tention, ii. 167, &c.
Thucydides, what he says of the war of Peloponnesus, iii. 504
Thunder, ii. 2. Thunders, whether greatest in the full of the moon,

ii. 40

Thwaites, Sir Thomas, conspires in favour of Perkin, v. 98

Thynne, Sir Thomas, vi. 178

Tiberius died in an act of dissimulation, ii. 256, which was the
practice of his life, ii, 263, uses the ambition of Macro to pull
down Sejanus, ii. 344

Tjcinum in Italy, a remarkable church there, i. 528

Timber, i. 463, 464, the several natures thereof, i. 465, 466, that
more tough which grows in moist ground, ibid, the several uses
according to the nature of the. trees, ibid.

Timber of a house fallen by tempest, to whom belonging, iv. 221
Timber-tree, when standing, is part of the inheritance, as well as
the soil itself, this point argued, iv. 215, the same more fully dis-
cussed, ibid, so it is also when severed, iv. 216, 217, several au-
thorities produced to shew that the property of them belongs to the
lessee, iv. 221, 222, these authorities debated and confuted, iv.
222, &c. the selling thereof supposed to be ad exhazredationem, iv.
216, cases wherein the lessee may sell, iv. 220, the statute of
Gloucester relating to them explained, iv. 224

Time and heat in many instances work the like effects, 5, 35 1. ii. 25,28
ii. 26, accelerating of it in works of nature of great importance,

i. 355

Time, the measure of business, as monev is of wares, ii. 312, pre-
faces, excuses, &c. great wasters of time, ibid, how time passes
in sickness or pain, ii. 237, 238

Timoleon's fortune, ii.351

Timotheijs, his folly and vanity, ii. 351

Tin, incorporation of with other metals, ii. 197

Tincture of metals, ii. 204

Tipping, Sir George, vi. 191

Tirrel, Sir James, his account how he murdered the king and duke,
v. 99, 100, soon after beheaded in the tower-yard for other mat-
ters of treason, v. 170
Titillation, i. 511, (he cause of it, ibid, induceth laughing, ibid, of
the nostrils, causeth sneezing ibid.
Titus Vespasian, ii. 433, dissuades the tribute upon urine, ii. 442
Toadstool, its dimension and place of growth, i. 432
Tobacco relieves weariness, i. 498, 500. Tobacco, i. 503, ii. 24,
52. English tobacco, how it may be mended, ii. 25, comforteth
the spjrits and discharges weariness, ii. 52

INDEX;

Tones, why less apt to procure sleep than sounds, i. 297

Tongue sheweth inward diseases, i. 477

Torpedo marina," ii. 74

Tortosa, cardinal, preceptor to Charles V. made pope, v. 60, son of
a Dutch brewer, ibid.

Tough bodies, ii. 15. Toughness, its cause, ii, 17

Tournaments not lawful at any time without the king's licence,

iv.417

Tourne, sherifFs court so called, and why, iv. 3 17, jurisdiction of it,

ibid.

Towerson, Mr. merchant of London, brother to captain Gabriel
Towerson, one of the English put to death at Amboyna, vi. 119,

note («)

Trade at home layeth a foundation of foreign trade, iii. 453, encou-
raging tillage may spare for transportation, iii. 454-
Traffick was very flourishing under queen Elizabeth, iii. 69
Trajan, what was said of him by Tacitus, ii. 357, 358
Tramontanes not relished in Italy, v. 79
Transmission of water through earth, it is material whether it
riseth or falleth, i. 24-6
Transmission of immateriate virtues, whether any, i. 44
Transmission of spirits, ii. 43, et seq. eight kinds of transmissions of
spirits ; as of the airy parts of bodies, ii. 46, of spiritual species, ii.
47, of spirits causing attraction, ibid, of spirits working by the
primitive nature of matter, ibid, of the spirits of the mind of man,
ii. 48, of the influences of the heavenly bodies, ibid, in operations
of sympathy, ibid, by sympathy of individuals, ii. 49
Transmutation of air into water, i. 255. Transmutation of metals,
ii. 15. Transmutation of plants, i. 424, six rules for the effecting
it, i. 426, 427, 428, farther inquisitions into it, ii. 207
Traske, John, prosecuted in the star-chamber, vi. 233, and note (a)
Travel, ii. 394, directions to travellers, ii. 394, 395, 396
Treasons, several cases wherein a man becomes guilty of it, iv.
350, the punishment, the method of trial, and other proceedings
relating thereto, iv. 29 1,292, 293, See Petty treason, and Mis*
prision.

Trebisond, honey made there from the box-tree, that makes men
mad, ii. 20

Trees planted warm, i, 393, housing of them, i. .895, heap of flint
laid at the bottom helpeth their growth, i. 397, 398, shaking
hurteth a tree at first setting, afterwards not, i. 398, cutting away
suckers helpeth them, ibid, how to plant a tree that may grow fair
in one year, i. 399, helped by boring a hole through the heart of
the stock, ibid, and i. 405, by slitting the roots, i, 399, by spread-
ing them upon the wall, ibid, by plucking off some leaves, ibid,
ky digging yearly about the roots, i. 400, by applying new mold,
i. 401, by removing to better earth, ibid, by slicing their bark,
ibid, in some kinds by shade, i. 402, by setting the kernels or
stones in a squill growing, i, 402, 403, helped by pulling
off some blossoms, i. 403, by several applications to the roots,
I. 405, 408, by letting then/blood, i. 407, grow best fenced
from sun and wind, i. 408, 409, causes of their barrenness,
i, 409,410. Tree blown up by the roots and replaced proved

INDEX.

fruitful, i. 400, trial of watering a tree with warm water, i. 404.
Trees that grow best without grafting, ibid, fruit-tree grafted upon
a moister stock will grow larger, ibid. Trees removed, to be
coasted as before, i. 408, lower boughs bring the bigger fruit, i.
400, 459. Trees apparelled with flowers, i. 420, forming of trees
into several shapes, ibid, transmutation of trees and plants, i. 424,
six designations thereof, i. 426, 427, 428. Trees in coppice-
woods grow more tall and straight, whence, i. 428. Trees full of
heat grow tall, why, i. 429, how to dwarf trees, ibid. Trees that
are winders, ibid. Trees moister yield less moss, why, i. 430.
Trees in clay-ground apt to gather moss, whence,!. 430, 431.
Trees hide-bound bring forth moss, i. 431. Trees that ripen
latest blossom earliest, i. 439. Trees that last longest, namely
the largest of body, such as bring mast or nuts, such as bring forth
leaves late, and shed them late, such as are often cut, i. 441.
Trees with scattered boughs, i. 442, with upright boughs, whence,
ibid. Tree, Indian, with leaves of great largeness, and fruit with-
out stalks, i. 452. Tree in Persia nourished with salt-water, i.
453. Trees commonly fruitful but each other year, why, i. 458.
Trees bearing best on the lower boughs, others on the higher
boughs, whence, i. 459, some bear best when they are old, others
when they are young, whence, i. 459, 460, soils and places pecu-
liar to them, i. 466
Trees, when young belong to the lessee, when full grown to the
lessor, and when set to the lessee again, with the reasons of it, iv.
218, it is a fault to say the lessee has a property in the trees, iv.2 19,
-when severed by grant they subsist as a chattel divided, iv. 216,
that are wind-falls to whom they belong, iv. 221
Trefoil swelleth against rain, ii. 8
Trembling, whence, i. 490
Trembling in shadows, whence, ii. 34
Trent, council of, iv. 293
Trepidation of water hath an affinity with the letter L, i. 317. Tre-
pidation on the sight of offensive objects, i. 522
Tresham, Sir Lewis, his suit in chancery recommended by the earl
of Buckingham, vi. 148
Trials for whosome airs, i. 516, 517
Trials, the care of our laws observable in them, iv. 1 84, &c.
Triumvirate of kings, ii. 297, 298
Trochisks of vipers much magnified, i. 47 8, ii. 67
Trust, what it is defined to be, iv. 164, special trust, in what cases
lawful, or not so, iv. 163, 164
Truth, how it becomes corrupted, ii. 509
Truths, theological philosophical, and political, ii. 253, 254, 255,
Truth and falsehood will not incorporate, but resemble Nebuchad-
nezzar's image, ii. 259, the concealment of it from princes, some-
times as bad as treachery, Hi. 43 1
Tuft of moss in a brier-bush, i. 435
Turks great sitters, i. 502, to them bathing good, ibid, empoison the
water, ii. 50, make an expedition into Persia, ii. 448, despise mar-
riage, ii. 268. Turks cruel to men and compassionate to beasts,
ii. 280, warlike, ii, 327, why always a just cause of war against

INDEX,

them, iii. 506, their rise from poverty, iii. 307, 308, king of
Spain pretends war against them, iii. 80

Turky, i. 268. Turkish turban, ii. 83

Twelve Rubles of Rome, ii. 385

Twice J/year fruits, i. 439

Tyndail* Sir John, killed by John Bertram, -vi. 133

Tyranny over men's understandings and beliefs, much affected,

ii. 7S

Tyrant, Suarez's distinction of tyrant in title, and in regiment,

iv. 425

Tyrant in title, v. 5, princes think it most politic to have a tyrant

reign in their neighbourhood, v. 39

Tyrone, his reports to several persons after his conference with

Essex, about his design upon England, iii. 146, was to be made

viceroy of Ireland, ibid,

Tythes, how they came to be tried for in ecclesiastical courts, ii. 535,

536, a great cause of them concerning the benefices in London,

vi. 183

V.

VAGABONDS and gamesters coupled together in the statutes,

v. 172

Vain-glory, essential to soldiers and commanders, ii. 379, 380

Valour of several kinds, iii. 531

Value, what the law intends by it, iv. 255, 2j6

Vanlore, Peter, fined in the star-chamber, vi. 235

Vapours metalline very noxious, ii. 51

Vapour of charcoal, or of sea-coal, or of a room new plaistered,

mortal, ii. 51

Vapours which taken outwardly would condense the spirits, ii. 53
Vatican ii. 360

Vaughan, lord, vi. 339

Vegetables rotting upon the ground a good compost, i. 446, several

instances thereof, i. 447, 443

Veinous bodies, ii. 15

Venomous quality of man's flesh, i. 254

Venus, i. 478, in excess dimmeth the sight, ibid, the acts of it, i. 479

men more inclined in winter, women in summer, i. 479, 480

Verdict false, remediable, iv. 180

Vere, Sir Francis, ascribeth the victory at the battle of Newport to

the English, iii. 524

Vere, Sir Horace, iii. 525

Verge, a charge at the sessions thereof, iv. 382, what is meant

thereby, ibid, some points chiefly recommended to be inquired

into by the jury thereof, iv. 382, 383, jurisdiction of this court,

iv. 384, 385, &c.

Verjuice, i. 281, ii. 40

Vermin frighted with the head of a wolf, ii. 69

Vernon, lady, vi. 199

Verunsel, president of Flanders, v. 127

Vespasian reprimands his son Domitian, ii« 433, 434

INDEX.

Vespasian defeats a corrupt suitor, ii. 438, Ins question to Apollo*

nius, ibid, sets a tribute upon urine, ii. 442, died with a jest, ii.

256, changed for the better by power, ii. 278

Vestimentum, the canonists interpretation thereof, iv. 37, 38

Vesuvius, the countries about it enriched by the eruptions, i. 446,

519

Vices, if profitable, the virtuous man the sinner, ii. 464

Vicissitude of wet and dry, hot and cold, hasten putrefaction, i. 366,

367

Vicissitude of things, ii. 388, inearth and in the heavens, ii. 388,
389, in religion, ii. 390, in wars, ii. 391, in weapons of war,

ii. 392

Villenage, what sort of tenure it is, v. 107

Villicrs, Sir George, afterwards duke of Buckingham, iii. 429, first
favourite of the king, iii. 430, cautioned, because some near in
blood to him were thought papists, iii, 436, should give no scandal
by vain or oppressive carriage, iii. 462, is in the quality of a centinel,
iii. 465, some account of him in a letter to the king, v. 445,

446

Villiers, George, earl, marquis, and duke of Buckingham, promises
sir Francis Bacon the chancellorship, vi. 88, made lord high admi-
ral, v. 467, 468, letter to him from sir Francis Bacon relating to
the earl of Somerset, vi. 101, 102, 103, 104, master of the horse,
vi. 114, 115, 116, 117, his letters to sir Francis Bacon, vi. 123,
129, letters to him recommending causes in chancery, vi. 143,
and note (U], 148, &c. exasperated against the lord keeper Bacon,
vi. 165, reconciled to him, vi. 171, made marquis, vi. 185, and
note (a), his letters to lord viscount St, Alban, vi. 273, 296, con-*
tracts for Wailingford-house, vi. 307, engaged to Sir William
Becher fur the Provostship of Eton, vi. 343, note (a), made duke
of Buckingham, vi. 319, note (a), his letter to lord viscount St.
Alban, vi. 350, letters to him from that lord, vi. 350, 354, 355,
advice to him from that letter, vi. 358, conferences of lord St,
Alban with him, vi. 358, 359, 360, 361, 362, 363, letter of advice
to him from that lord, vi. 364, other letters of that lord to him,
vi. 368, 370, 372, 373, goes to France, vi. 374 note (/>), has a son
born, vi. 382, letters to him from lord viscount St. Alban,

vi. 391, 392,393,394-

Villiers, Sir Christopher, vi. 1 87, 1 88, 249, 260, 262

. Vines made fruitful by applying the kernels of grapes to the roots,

whence, i. 261, 262, made to sprout with nitre, i. 402, said to

grow to a stake at a distance, i. 406, love not the colewort, i. 412.

Vine-trees anciently of great bodies, i. 455, an image of Jupiter

made of one, ibid, a tough wood when dry, ibid. Vines in some

places not propped, ibid, bear best when old, why, 5. 459. Vine

grafted upon vine three ways, i. 468, 469

Vinegar, how produced, i. 358, ii. 4Q

Violent motion the cause of all mechanical operations, i. 248, and

yet not sufficiently inquired into, ibid.

Violet vinegar, how best prepared, i. 251

Virginian tobacco, ii. 24, how it suffered there, ii.

INDEX.

Virtuous men like some spices, which give not their sweet smell till
they are crushed, ii. 263, 432

Visibles, hitherto the subject of knowledge, i. 289, mingle not in
the medium as audibles do, why, i. 332, several consents of visi-
bles and audibles, i. 311, 34-2, several dissents of visibles and au-
dibles, i. 343, 344, 345. Visible species, i. 509. Visibles and
audibles, ih 55. two lights of the same bigness will not make
things be seen as far again as one, whence, i. 333

Visual spirits infecting, ii. 5£

Vitellius ruined by Mucianus on false fame, ii. 396

Vitrification of metals, ii. 204

Vitriol aptest to sprout with moisture, i. 450

Vivification, i. 365, the several things required to vivification, i,
480, 481, 482, 483, 484, the process of it, ibid, et ii. 41, 4g

Ulcer in the leg harder to cure than in the head, the cause, i. 519,
difference of curing them in a Frenchman and an Englishman,

ibid.

Ulster earldom of, to be added to our princes titles upon the planting

of Ireland,, u"u 323

Ulysses, a good husband, ii. 263

Unbarked branch of a tree being set, hath grown, i. 464, barked will

not, ibid.

Undertakers, a set of men so called in parliament, 12 James I.

iii. 395, the pernicious effects of such a project, iii. 397, how far

such a thing might be justifiable, and how far faulty, iii. 399, 400,

some means to put a stop to their scheme, iii. 400, fyc. for the

plantation of Ireland, should not be obliged to execute in person,

iii. 326

Unguentum tdi, or the weapon anointed, ii. 75, 7£

Union, the force thereof in natural bodies,!. 286, 287, appetite of

union in natural bodies, i. 350, appeareth in three kinds of bodies,

ibid, certificate of the commissioners authorised to treat of an

union between England and Scotland, ibid, of Great Britain, ii.

403

Union, reasons for the union of laws between England and Scotland,
iii. 31 2, of sovereignty, should be confirmed by that of naturaliza-
tion, iii. 301, between the Romans and Latins, iii. 302, ought not
to precede naturalization, iii. 311, 312, a discourse concerning
the union of England and Scotland, iii. 257, two kinds of policy-
used in the uniting of kingdoms, iii. 262, of Judah and Israel, iii.
266, articles relating to the union of the two nations, iii. 267, of
England and Scotland how far to be proceeded in, iii. 369, in
what points they were esteemed as united, but not perfectly in
any of them, iii, 271, 272, of England and Scotland, how far im-
perfect with regard to sovereignty, to subjection, religion, lan-
guage, and confederacies, iii. 273, commission for it lay much in
our author, v. 302, the force thereof, iii. 262, the several man-
ners thereof, iii. 262, 263, the several parts of which this union
of kingdoms consists, iii. 264

Union of kingdoms stirs up wars, ii. 392, with Scotland hath taken
away all occasions of breach between the two nations, iii. 452

United provinces are received into protection by queen Elizabeth,

INDEX.

iii. 87, are very convenient to be annexed to the crown of Eng-
land, ibid, are included in the articles of peace between England
and Spain, iii. 91

Unities called heaventy, ii. 501

Unity in religion, ii. 257. Unity and uniformity, ibid.

Unity, breach thereof how to be punished, iv. 386, in worship, ne-
cessary to that of faith, ii. 501, what its true bounds are, ibid.
Universities, an exercise of learning recommended to be used in
them, iii. 543

Unlawful acts all preparations towards them punishable as misde-
meanors, though they are never performed, iv. 417
Unlawful lust, like a furnace, ii. 108
Untruths, whether all are unlawful, ii. 520
Voice, the shrillness thereof in whom especially, i. 318, 319, why
changed at years of puberty, i. 319, labour and intension con-
duceth much to imitate voices, i. 337, imitation of voices as if
they were distant, ibid.
Voyages for discovering arts and sciences, manufactures, and inven-
tions, ii, 100
Urban, a pope of that name, instituted the croisado, iii. 480
Urine, the whey of blood, i. 265
Urine in quantity a great hinderer of nourishment, i. 269, why cold
separates it, i. 366
Urswick, chaplain of Henry VII. sent to Charles VIII. v. 41, 43,
made almoner, v. 87, sent with the order of the garter, fyc, v. 91.
Vide ii. 545.

Usage often over-rules the express letter of a statute, instances
of which are given, iv. 283

Use, what it is, iv. 1 1 9, is settled by statute the 27th of Henry VIII.
iv. 120, lands how conveyed thereby, with the circumstances ne*
cessary thereto, ibid, reasons on the statute of uses, iv. 158, ex-
position of it, iv. 160, the nature and definition of an use, iv. 161,
•what it is not, iv. 162, 163, what it is, iv. 164, its parts and pro-
perties, iv. 165, Glanvilie's mistake about uses, iv. 166, its nature
further explained in four points, iv. 167, was once thought to be
not devisable, iv. 168, limitation thereof disapproved, iv. 169,
in the civil law, what most resembles uses, iv. 172, compared
with copy-holders, in what respects, iv. 172, 173, how they came
first to be practised, ibid, their commencement and proceeding,
according to common and statute law, iv. 173, the practice of
them not very ancient, iv. 174, the word use found in no statute
till 7th of Richard II. iv. 175, three points to be noted concerning
uses in the common law, iv. 176, concerning the raising, preserv-
ing, spreading, transferring, interrupting, &c. of uses, iv. 167, et
iv. 1 99, the statute of uses commended, iv. 180, the time of it, iv.
180, 181, the title of it, iv. 181, the precedent of it, iv. 182, the
preamble of it, ibid, the inconveniencies redressed by this statute,
iv. 182, &c. who most favoured by it, iv. 184, how respectful to
the king, iv. 1 85, the remedy intended to be given by this sta-
tute, iv. 186, two false opinions concerning the statute answered,
>v. 187, &c. an account of the statute itself, and explanation of;

INDEX.

its terms, and what things are thereby excluded, iv, J 89, an er-
ror corrected, that uses might be raised by agreement, iv. 191,
difference between an use in remainder and reverter, iv. 192, what
provisos made by this statute, iv. 197, what persons may be seized
to a use, and what not, iv. 199, must ever be in a person certain,
iv. 202, in what cases the same persons may be both seized to the
use and cestuy quc use too, iv. 206, what persons may limit and de-
clare a use, iv. 207, 208. See Case.

Usurious selling of commodities to those who wanted money, and so
were forced to sell them back again at disproportionate rates, the
draught of an act against this practice, iv. 285

Usury, ii. 35 i

Usury the certainest and worst means of gain, ii. 339, 340, several
strictures against it, ii. 351, 352, discourages and impoverishes
the merchants, who are the vena porta of wealth, ii. 352, inter-
cepts both" merchandise and purchase, ibid, advantages, ii. 353,
a bastard and barren employment, v. 51,56

Vulcan's halting, a resemblance of flame, i. 260

W

WADE, lieutenant of the tower, is displaced, in order to effect the
poisoning of Overbury, ii. 480

Wake, Isaac, letter to him from the lord chancellor Bacon, vi. 203
Waking, birds kept waking to increase their attention, i. 33(5

Whales, ii. 21

Walking up hill and down, i. 493

Walloons, iii. 531. See Flemings.

Walter, Sir John, vi. 275

Walls of brick more wholesome than those of stone, ii. 55

War, proper to carry off a surcharge of people, ii. 392, an invasive
one with Spain much desired, iii. 237, and peace, right of de-
claring them solely in the king, iii. 340, many instances of this
right given, iii. 341, 342, the answers of several kings to peti-
tions, wherein this right was concerned, ibid, inconvenience of
debating this right in parliament, iii. 343, the advantages of war
in some cases, iii. 69, the commons, out of modesty, refuse Ri-
chard II. to take into consideration matters relating thereto, as not
belonging to them, iii. 342, 343, matters relating to it should be
kept secret, iii. 342, parliaments have sometimes been made ac-
quainted therewith, and why, iii. 343, they are the highest trials
of right, iii. 40

War with Spain, consideration concerning it, iii. 499, changes in
wars, ii. 391, art of war improved, ii. 392, war to maintain it-
self, iii. 304, just cause, sufficient forces, prudent designs, neces-
sary to a war, iii. 499, not confined to the place of the quarrel, iii.
503,504, why always a just cause of war against the Turk, iii.
606. War, defensive, what, iii. 504, 513. Wars with subjects.
like an angry suit fora man's own, iii. 473. Wars foreign" and
civil, iii, 450

INDEX.

War, when lawful, ii. 293

War, notes of a speech concerning a war with Spain, iii. 493

War, incited by music, L 299

War, holy, iii. 4-72, the schoolmen want words to defend it,
when St. Bernard wanted words to commend it, iii. 512, for the
propagation of the faith, whether lawful or obligatory, iii. 479, se-
veral questions touching the lawfulness, iii. 482
Warbeck, Perkin, his adventures, v. 92, the supposed godson of
Edward IV. ibid, called Peter, whence Peterkin, Osbeck, v. 93,
closetted by the lady Margaret, ibid, his letters to the earls of
Desmond and Kildare upon his landing at Cork, v. 95, invited
into France by Charles VIII. ibid, generally believed to be the
duke of York, v. 96, his friends and favourers, ibid, discouraged at
the beheading of his friends and the defection of Clifford, v. 109,
110, lands at Sandwich in Kent, v. 113, goes into Scotland, on
the advice of Charles and Maximilian, v. 118, his address to the
king of Scots, v. 118, 119, 120, 121, 122, he is married by
that king's approbation to the lady Catharine Gordon, his near
kinswoman, v. 122, his declaration to the people of England,
ibid, abandoned by Scotland, v. 140, sails into Ireland, ibid, his
cabinet council there, v. 142, lands in Cornwall with about seven
score men, ibid, publishes an invective proclamation against the
king, in stile of Richard IV. ibid, besieges Exeter, though without
artillery, v. 143, raises the siege and flies, v. 145, surrenders
himself out of sanctuary, on promise of life, v. 147, his former
false honours plentifully repaid with scorn, ibid, the account of
his examination, v. 148, makes his escape, and gets into the
priory of Shene, v. 152, set in the stocks twice, where he reads
his confession, and then sent to the Tower, v. 153, where he se-
duces the earl of Warwick into a plot against the lieutenant, v.
1 53, 154, arraigned for treasons committed since his coming into
this kingdom, condemned and executed at Tyburn, v. 154,

155

Wards, commission of m Ireland, its vast advance in one year, v.
503, a speech to obtain leave of the king to treat of a composi-
tion with him for them, iii. 359
Wards, a fran^e of declaration for the master of the wards at his first
setting, iii. 364, directions for the master of the wards to observe
for his majesty^ better service, and the general good, iii. 366
Warham, Sir William, LL. D. sent to the arch-duke Philip against
Perkin, v. 102, his speech, ibid, master of the rolls and commis«
si oner for trade, v. 1 27
Warlike people, their importance, ii. 323, 324, profession of arms
necessary to a warlike nation, ii. 327, 328, 329, 330. England
warlike, v. 62, 63
Warlike nations most liberal of naturalization, iv. 346
Warm water sounds less than cold, i. 313, whether good for plants,
i. 404, makes a fruit with little or no core, i. 424
Warmth, a special means to make ground fruitful, i. 447
Warren, his declaration about some affairs in Essex's treason, iii.

185
Warts^ how cured, i. 460, ii. 75

INDEX.

Warwick, earl of, v. 21. See Plantagenet.

Waste, case of impeachment of waste, iv. 212, &c. very difficult to

resolve this case, ibid.

Water, salt, how made f-e'sh, i. 245, foul, how clarified, i. 24-7, how

separated from wine, i. 249, turned into ice, by snow, nitre, and

salt, i. 255

Water thickened in a cave, i. 280, changed suddenly into air, i. 286,

more difficult to turn water into oil, than silver into gold, i. 374,

choice of Waters, by weight, i. 387, by boiling, ibid, by longest

lasting unputrified, ibid, by making drinks stronger, ibid, by

bearing soap, ibid, by the places where they are congregated,

i. 388, by the soil, ibid. Waters sweet not to be trusted, ibid.

Well-water, ibid, whether water putteth forth herbs without roots,

i. 436, water alone will cause plants to sprout, ibid, well-water

warmer in winter than summer, ii. 36, water rising in a bason by

means of flame, ibid, hot water and fire heat differently, i. 474,

4Z5, water cooleth air, and moisteneth it not. ii. 29

Water may be the medium of sound, i. 522, watry moisture in-

duceth putrefaction, i. 365, turning watry substances into oily,

a great work in nature, i. 374, four instances thereof, ibid

wrought by digestion, i. 374, 375, watering of grounds a great

help to fruitfumess, i. 447, cautions therein, ibid, means to water

them, ibid.

Water-cresses, i. 373

Water-fowls flocking to the shore portend rain, ii. 7

Waving, how a property in goods may be got thereby, iv. 1 27

Wealth of England under queen Elizabeth, iii. 52

Wealth of Spain, whence, iii. 496, 497

Wealth, excess of, hurtful to a state, and to private persons, iii.

423

Wealth, in whose custody it is of most advantage to a state, iii.

424, inconveniences of its being lodged in few hands, ibid.

Weapon anointed, ii. 75, 76, weapons and ammunition of all sort?

should be stored up, iii. 451

Weapons of war, ii. 392

Weights and measures, prerogative of the king relating thereto, iii.

342

Weight of the dissolution of iron in aquafortis, i. 521

Weight, how it causes separation of bodies, i. 249, weight in air and
water, i. 521, 522

Wentworth, Sir John, his cause recommended to the lord chancel-
lor by the marquis of Buckingham, vi. 216

West-Indies, concerning the trade thither, iii. 336, France and Por-
tugal debarred trading thither, ibid, trade thither carried on by the
English, iii. 336, 337, it ought to be free, iii. 91

West-Indies, the gold and silver, drawn by Spain from thence, how-
consumed by king Philip, iii. 13
Weston, his confession of Overbury's death, his trial and condemna-
tion, iv. 447,455, vi. 103
Weston, Sir Rkjhard, chancellor of the exchequer, letter to him from
lord viscount St. Alban, vi. 372
Weymouth, king of Castile puts iri there, v. 177

INDEX.

Wheat set, i. 402

Whispering place, 1,310, you cannot make a tone, or sing in
whispering, i. 321

White, a penurious colour, i. 287, 421, in flowers, commonly more
moderate than other colours, whence, i. 421. White more deli-
cate in berries, whence, ibid, not so commonly in fruits, whence,

ibid.

White gun-powder, i. 302

White-head favoured by queen Elizabeth, ii. 419

Whiteness,, directions for inquiring into its nature> ii. 148, 149,

150, 151

White rose, the clearness of that title, v. 7

White, Richard, vi. 217

Whitelocke, James, charge against him by Sir Francis Bacon, vi. 65,
some account of him, note (a), set at liberty, iii. 68, note (6)

Whiting, Dr. John, vi. 103

Wholesome seats, i. 516, 517, trial for them, ii. 4, moist air not good,
ibid, inequality of air naught, ibid.

Wife, excused by law if she acts in obedience to her husband in fe-
lony, but not in treason, and why, iv. 34, loseth no dower, though
the husband be attainted of felony, iv. 110

Wife and children hostages to fortune, ii. 267, reckoned only as bills
of charges by some, ii. 268. Wives good and bad, ibid, are
mistresses, companions, nurses, ii. 269. Wives of kings, ii. 298
Wilbraham, Sir Roger, vi. 1 1 1

Wildfires, why water will not quench them> i. 518, 519

Wild herbs shew the nature of the ground, i. 465

Wilford, Ralph, counterfeit earl of Warwick, v. 22

Will, conveyance of lands thereby, iv. 121, 122, the want of this
before 32 Henry VIII. was justly thought to be a defect of the
common law, iv. 121, what shifts people were forced to make be-
fore this method, iv. 122, the inconveniencies therefrom of put-
ting lands into use, as they then did, ibid, the method of prevent-
ing this by several statutes, iv. 123, how lands are to be disposed
of by will, by statute of 27 Henry VIII. ibid, what limitations se-
veral lands are under in this way of disposing, ibid, what it is to
have one proved, iv. 1 28, how a man's goods were formerly dis-
posed of when he died without a will, iv. 128, 129, what bishop
shall have the right of proving them, how determined, iv. 129
Will of man, branches of knowledge which refer to it, i. 163

William I. declines the title of Conqueror, in the beginning of his
reign, v. 8, and claims by the will of Edward the Confessor,

ibid.

William, duke of Mantua, iii. 7

duke of Bavaria, iii. 13

duke of Lunenburgh, ibid,

clukeof Juliers, Cleve, and Bergen, iii. 14

landgrave of Hesse, ibid.

Williams, Dr. John, bishop of Lincoln, and lord keeper, receives
many applications from the marquis of Buckingham relating to
causes in his court, vi. 142, note (b) his letter to lord Bacon, vi.

INDEX.

293, letter to him from lord Bacon, vi. 325, his letter to him fronr
lord Bacon, vi. 337

Williams, Mr. licence granted to him, vi. 222

Williams, Sir Roger, vi. 23

Williams, John, discovered to be author of a libel against king
James I. vi. 73, 74, note (a), executed, vi. 74

Willoughby, Sir Robert, sent to sheriff Hutton, v. 9, conveys Ed-
ward Plantagenet, and shuts him up in the tower, ibid, created
lord Brook, v. 16

Winch, Sir Humphry, commended, iv. 501

Winds vary sounds i. 34-0

Winds, southern, dispose men's bodies to heaviness, i. 333. Winds,
southern, without rain feverish, i. 520. Winds gathered for fresh-
ness, i. 516, breathing out of the earth, ii. 5,6, prognostics of
winds from animals, ii. 7

Winding trees, i. 4-29

Windham, Sir John, beheaded by Henry VII. v. 170

Windsor treaty, with the king of Castile, v. 179,180

Wine and water separated by weight, i. 250, trial thereof in two
glasses, ibid, when it will operate and when not, ibid. Spirit of
wine burned, i. 378, mingled with wax, the operation of it, ibid.
Wine, whether separated from water by passing through ivy-wood,
i. 24-6. Wine burnt inflameth less, because the finer spirit is eva-
porated, i. 252. Wine sparingly to be used in consumptions, i.
269, retards the germination of seeds, i. 392, said by the. ancients
to make the plane-tree fruitful, i. 4-51. Wine best in a dry vintage,
i. 467, new wine let down into the sea presently made potable,
i. 4-73, for what bodies good, and for what hurtful, i. 496, how to
correct the Greek wines, that they may not fume or inebriate, i.
513. Wine for the spirits, ii. 217, against melancholy, ii. 218.
Wine in which gold is quenched, recommended, ii. 224. Wines
and woads not to be imported but upon English bottoms, v. 63
Winter and summer sicknesses, i. 334, warm winters destroy trees,
i. 467, signs of a cold winter, i. 500, ii. 5

Winter sleepers, ii. 41

Win wood, Sir Ralph, reflected on by the lord keeper Bacon, vi. 162,
dies, vi. 184

Wisdom for a man's self, or self-cunning, not to be over indulged, ii.
309, suits better with princes than private persons, ibid, no prime
officers to be chosen of this character, ibid, the self-cunning often
unfortunate, ii. 310

Wise men learn more by fools, than fools by wise men, ii. 45 1 , dif-
ference between a wise and cunning man, ii. 305, such as are wise
only in appearance, ii. 3 1 3

Wit,^ve should distinguish between the saltness and the bitterness
of it, ii. 334

Witches and conjurors are guilty of felony, iv. 295, how to be pu-
nished, iv. 386
Witches said to eat man's flesh greedily, ii. 27, their confessions not
rashly to be credited, ii. 45, of what kind, ii. 46, work by ima-
gination, ii. 62, ointments said to be used by them, ii. 69
Witnesses, how to be examined in chancery, iv. 520, 521
VOL, VI. NN

INDEX.

Woad, the sowing of it recommended, iii. 454

Wolfs guts applied to the belly, their virtue, ii. 69

Wolsey, Thomas, employed to conclude a match for Henry VII.
with Margaret, duchess dowager of Savoy, v. 181, was then the
king's chaplain, ibid, his remarkable saying, vi. 291

Woman's milk, why only good for infants, i. 268

Women making an ill choice generally maintain their conduct, ii.
244, 269, made capital to carry them away forcibly, v. 55, ad-
vanced by their husbands, should not alien, v. 1 17, the regiment
of them considered, iii. 489

Wonder, the impressions thereof, i. 493, in wonder the spirits fly not
as in fear, but settle, ibid.

Wood shining in the dark, i. 370, bathed in hot ashes becometh flexi-
ble, ii. 16
Wood's declaration relating to Essex's treason, iii. 146, 185
Woodbine, i. 416, 472
Woods, especially of ship-timber, the planting and preserving them,
recommended, iii. 454
Woodseare, found only on hot herbs, i.416
Woodvile, lord, uncle to the queen of Henry VII. v. 43, governor
of the Isle of Wight, v. 44, against the king's commandment
raises 400 men, and passes to the assistance of the duke of Bri-
tainy, v. 44, slain fighting valiantly for the Britains, v. 52
Wool attractive of water through a vessel, i. 281
Worcester, earl of, his declaration concerning Essex's treason, iii.

197

Words are to be understood so as to work somewhat, and not to be
idle and frivolous, iv. 26, this explained by example, iv. 27, if
any ambiguity and uncertainty be in them in pleadings, the plea
shall be strictly against him that pleads, iv. 28, are so taken in law,
as no material part of the parties intent perish, iv. 251, rules for
the exposition of them, iv. 257, of reproach and contumely fre-
quent among the Greeks and Romans, iv. 407
World supposed by some to be a living creature, ii. 43
Worms foretell rain, ii. 8
Worsley, William, a Dominican, and dean of Paul's, not tried for
Perkin's treason, v. 105
Wotton, Sir Henry, his sentiment how contemptible critics were, ii.
453, made provost of Eton, vi. 345
Wounds cured by skins of beasts newly pulled off, and whites of
eggs, i. 472. Wounds made with brass easier to cure than with
iron, i. 520
Wrecks, statute relating thereto explained, iv. 48, how property is
gained in goods shipwrecked, iv. 127, what is properly a wreck,

ibid.

Wrists have a sympathy with the head, and other parts, i. 289

Writs original, no certain beginning of them, iv. 137. Writs oF
covenant, and of entry, iv, 143. writofcerftorar* in the exche-
quer, iv. 146
Writs which are not to pass without warrant from the chancellor, iv.

522
Wyche, Mr. vi. 208, 246

INDEX,

X.

XENOPHON commends the nurture of the Persian children for

feeding on cardamon, i. 373, observes the Medes painted their

eyes, i. 501

Xerxes, how driven out of Greece by a rumour, ii. 397

Ximenes, cardinal, calls the smoke of the fire-arms his incense, ii. 449

Y.

YAWNING hindereth hearing, because the membrane is extended,
i. 34-7, it is a molion of imitation, i. 3 52, in yawning dangerous to
pick the ear, i. 475

Years steril, cause corn to degenerate, i. 425. Years pestilential, i,
499. See Pestilential.

Yellow colour in herbs, i. 423, less succulent, and generally stand to
the north, ibid.

Yelverton, Sii Henry, solicitor general, vi. 132, his letter to lord
keeper Bacon, vi. 165, letter to him from the lord chancellor
Bacon, vi. 189, passes a strange book to one Hall tor making
denizens, vi. 212, 214, exhibits an information against the Dutch
merchants, for transporting gold, vi. 214,226, grows pert with
the lord chancellor, vi. 228, reflected on by the lord chancellor, vi.
255, notes of the lord chancellor's speech in his cause in the star-
chamber, vi. 258, prosecution of him in that court, vi. 259, 26O,
263, his case, v vi. 258, 267

Yolk of the eggconduceth little to the generation of the bird, only
to the nourishment, i. 283

York, house of, the indubitate heirs of the crown, v. 9, the people's
affection to it, v. 19,23

Young trees, which bear best, i. 459, have more walry juices, and
less concocted, ibid.

Younger brothers seldom fortunate where the elder are disinherited,

ii. 267

Youth and age, ii. 355. Youth seldom passed to the best advantage,
ibid. Youth and age, their advantages and disadvantages, ii.

355, 356, the difference between the errors of young men and old,
ibid, a mixture of old and young recommended in business, ii.

356. Young men more moral than old, ibid.
Youth, in the youth of a state arms flourish, ii. 39 3

Z.
ZANT, ii. 37, 65

Zelim, the first of the Ottomans who shaved his beard, ii. 4-32

Nova Ztmbla, ii . 4 1 , 5 1 , 134

Zones torrid, less tolerable for heats than the equinoctial, three causes

thereof, i, 388, 389

H. Br/cr, Primer, Bridge-street, Blackfrurs.

L