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THE 


WORKS 


or 


EDMUND   SPENSER. 


IN  EIGHT  VOLUMES. 


WITH    THE 


PRINCIPAL  ILLUSTRATIONS 


OF 


VARIOUS  COMMENTATORS 


VOLUME  THE  FOURTH. 


LONDON  :  TT\^ 

PRINTED    rOR    V.    C.    AND    J.    RIVINGTON,    T.    PAYNE, 
CADELL    AND     DAVIES,     AND     ».  H.  EVANS. 

1805. 


PR 

O  ':^  t-s  I 

-X«.    -^    -'•^  9 


I    C 


U?^ 


/,  Lf. 


Bjc  and  Law,  Prnjters,  St.  Joim'i  Square,  Clerkeimell. 


CONTENTS 


OF 


VOL.   IV. 

Page 

The  fecond  Book  of  the  Faerie  Queene^  Canto  VIII 

—XII 1 

The  thirde  Booke  of  the  Faerie  Queene^  Canto  I 

—VIII 239 


THE    SECOND    BOOK    OP 


THE  FAERIE  QUEENE 


CANTO   VIIL 

Sh'  Guyon,  layd  In  fwozcne,  is  by 

J  crates  fonnes  defpoyld ; 
JVhoM  Arthurc  fuone  hath  refliexiedj 

And  Paynini  brethren  foy Id. 

i. 

And  is  there  care  in  heaven  ?  And  is  there 

love 
In  heavenly  fpirits  to  thefe  creatures  bac^^ 
That  may  compaffion  of  their  evils  move  ? 
There  is : — elfe  much   more  wretched  were 

the  cace 
Of  men  then  beads :  But  O  !  th'  exceedins; 

grace 

I.  I.  And  is  there  care  ill  heaven  ?  And  is  there  love  kc.'[ 
Thefe  fine-turned  verles  mull  be  felt  by  every  one,  that  knows 
the  leall  thing  belonging  to  the  power  of  words  and  dignity  of 
fentiment. — And,  in  the  beginning  of  a  fentence,  is  exprellive 
of  paflion ;  fometimes  of  admiration,  fometimes  too  of  in- 
dignation.    Upton. 

VOL.   IV.  B 


2  THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.     BOOK  IF. 

Of  Iligheft  God  that  loves  his  creatures  fo, 
And  all  his  workes  with  mercy  doth  embrace, 
That  blelled  Angels  he  fends  to  and  fro, 

To  ferve  to  wicked  man,  to  ferve  his  wicked  foe  I 

11. 

How  oft  do  they  their  filver  bowers  leave 
To  come  to  fuccour  us  that  fuccour  want ! 
How  oft  do  they  with  golden  pineons  cleave 
The  flitting  fkyes,  like  flying  purfuivant, 
Againlt  fowle  feendes  to  ayd  us  militant ! 
They  for  us  fight,  they  watch  and  dewly  ward, 
And  their  bright  fquadrons  round  about  us 
plant ; 

I.  p.  To  ferve  to  •nicked  man.'\  The  old  Englifli  writers,  as 
they  faid  "  to  obey  to,"  fo  they  faid  "  to  ferve  to,"  See 
Wickliff,  Matt.  iv.  10.  "  Thou  fchalt  worfcliippe  thi  Lord 
God,  and  to  him  aloone  thou  flialt/t/Tc."     Upton. 

II.  6.     They  for  usjight,  they  xccitch  and  detoly  ward, 

And  their  bright  fquadrons  round  about  us  plant ;]  The 
guardianrtiip  of  angels  is  a  favourite  theme  of  Spenfer  and 
of  ISlilton.  It  is  difficult  to  pronounce  which  of  them  has 
decorated  tlie  fubjed  with  greater  elegance  and  fenfibility. 
Spenfer  probably  might  here  remember  the  following  lines  of 
HeJiod,  Op.  et  Dies,  ver.  121. 

Italian  poetry,  I  fliould  obferve,  delights  in  defcribing  angclick 
ffjnadrons.  See  my  note  on  Milton's  Par.  L.  B.  iv.  ^77.  Milton, 
indeed,  before  he  had  become  deeply  verfed  in  Italian  literature, 
borrowed  from  his  favourite  Spenfer,  this  difpofition  of  the 
heavenly  hoU  mio  fquadrons  bright.  See  his  Orfe  Nativ.  ver.  21. 
"  And  all  the  fpangled  holt  keep  watch  in  fquadrons  bright." 
We  may  therefore  no  longer  fuppofe  that  Milton  could  here 
be  much  indebted  to  Sylvefter's  "  heaven's  glorious  hoft  in 
nimble  fquadrons,"  Du  Bart.  p.  13.  See  Coniiderations  on 
INlilton's  early  Reading,  1800,  p.  46".  '1  he  fadt  is,  that  Sylvefter 
often  plunders  Spenfer,  but  often  alfo  accommodates  the  theft 
to  his  purpofe  with  little  tafte  or  judgement,     Tojjd. 


CANTO   VIII.       THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  S 

And  all  for  love  and  nothing  for  reward  : 

O,  why  lliould  Hevenly  God  to  men  have  fucli 

regard  ! 

III. 

During  the  while  that  Guyon  did  abide 

In   Mammons  Houfe,    the  Palmer,    whom 

whyleare 
That  wanton  Mayd  of  pafTage  had  denide. 
By  further  fearch  had  paffage   found  elfe* 

where ; 
And,  being  on  his  way,  approached  neare 
Where  Guyon  lay  in  traunce  ;  when  fuddeinly 
He  heard  a  voyce  that  called  lowd  and  cleare, 
"  Come   hether,   come    hether,    O  !    come 

haftily  !" 
That  all  the  fields  refounded  with  the  ruefull  cry. 

II.  9-  0,  •whyjiiould  hevenly  God  to  men  have  fuch  regard  /] 
See  Pfal.  cxliv.  3.  "  Lord,  what  is  man  that  thou  haft  fuch 
jefped  unto  him;  or  the  fon  of  man,  that  thou  fo  regardeft 
him!"     Upton. 

III.  3.     That  -wanton  Mai/d]     Phaedria.     See  C.  vi.  I9. 

Church. 

III.  6. ■ xvhen  fuddeinly 

He  heard  a  voyce  that  called  luxvd  and  cleare,]  Browne 
has  elegantly  imitated  this  paflage,  Brit.  Pajl.  1616.  B.  1.  S.  5. 
"  When  fodainly  a  voice  as  fweet  as  cleare 
"  With  words  divine  began  entice  his  eare,"     Todd, 
III.  8.     Co7ne  hether,  come  hether,  &c.]     So  Spenfer's  own 
editions  read.     But  the  folio  of  1609,   [and  later  editions,] 

"  Come  hither,  hither,  0  come  haftily  !" 
Which  perhaps  fliould  thus  be  printed  : 

"  Come  hither,  hither  O  come  haftily  \" 
Printers  and  tranfcribers  are  often  guilty  of  repeating  the  fame 
words,  which  is  an  errour  to  be  met  with  in  all  books,  more 
or  lefs.     Upton. 

I  prefer  Spenfer's  own  reading;  and  the  judicious  reader,  I 

B  2 


4  THE    FAERIE    <1UEENE.  BOOK  II. 

IV. 

The  Palmer  li  nt  his  eare  unto  the  noyce, 
I'o  weet  who  called  ib  importunely  : 
*\i;aine  he  heard  a  more  efTorced  voyce, 
That  bad  him  tome  in  hafte  :   He  by  and  by 
Elis  feeble  feet  direfted  to  the  cry ; 
^\  hieh  to  that  fliady  delve  him  brought  at 

laft, 
Where  iMammon  earft  did  funne  his  threa- 

fury: 
Tiiere  the  good  Guyon  he  found  fiumbring 
fait 
In  fenceles  dreame ;  which  fight  at  firll  him 
fore  aghaft. 

V. 
Befide  his  head  there  fatt  a  faire  young  man, 
Of  wondrous  beauty  and  of  frefheft  yeares, 
A\  hole  tender  bud  to  bloflbme  new  began, 
And  florilli  faire  above  his  equall  peares: 
His  fnowy  front,  curled  with  golden  heares, 
Ijike  Phoebus  face  adornd  with  lunny  rayes, 
Divinely    fiione ;    and    two    fliarpe    winged 
ilieares, 

think,  muft  be  pleafed  with  the  hafty  repetition  of  the  words, 
Come  hether.     Ch  u  uch. 

V.  1.     Befule  his  head  there  fatt  a  faire  young  man, 

Of  -wondrous  beauty  &c.]  Milton,  in  his  defcription 
of  Satan  under  the  form  of  a  (bipling-cherub,  has  highly  im- 
proved upon  Spenier's  angel,  and  'lallo's  Gabriel,  C.  i.  ft.  13  ; 
both  which  he  feems  to  have  had  in  his  eye,  as  well  as  in  his 
Raphael,  Par.  L.  B.  v,  176".     T.  Warton. 


CANTO  VIII.       THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  5 

Decked  with   diverfe  plumes,    like   painted 
jayes, 
Were  fixed  at  his  backe  to  cut  his  ayery  wayes. 

VI. 

Like  as  Cupido  on  Idaean  hill, 

When  having  laid  his  cruell  bow  away 
And  mortall  arrowes,  wherewith  he  doth  fill 
The  world  with  murdrous  fpoiles  and  bloody 

pray, 
AVith  his  faire  mother  he  him  dights  to  play, 
And  with  his  goodly  fillers,  Graces  three  ; 
The  goddefle,  pleafed  with  his  wanton  play, 
Suffers  herfelfe  through  fleepe  beguild  to  bee, 

The  whiles  the  other  ladies  mind  tlieyr  mery 
glee, 

V.  9- to  cut  his  ayery  ways.]     Aerias 

xias,  Ovid,  Art.  Am.  ii.  44. 

• "  Quis  crederet  unquam 

"  Aerias  hominem  carpere  pofle  vias."     Upton. 

VI.  1.  Li/ce  as  Cupido  &c.]  Compare  F.  Q.  i.  Introducl. 
ft.  3,  F.  Q.  ii.  ix.  34,  iii.  vi.  49-     T.  Warton. 

VI.  6.  And  -with  his  goodly  Jijieis,  Graces  three  .•]  I  have 
often  obferved  how  Spenl'er  varies  his  mythological  tales,  and 
makes  them  always  fubfervient  to  his  poem.  Another  gene- 
alogy of  the  Graces  is  mentioned  in  F.  Q.  vi.  x.  22,  according 
to  Hefiod.  Concerning  this  genealogy,  the  reader  may  at  his 
leifure  confult  Falkenburg.  Ad  Nonnum,  p.  539-  And  Boccace, 
L.  iii.  C.  22.  "  Dicunt  Vcnerem  Gratias  peperijfe  :  nee  mirum; 
quis  unquam  amor  abfque  gratia  fuit  ?"  So  Milton  : 

"  But  come,  thou  Goddefs  fair  and  free, 

*'  In  heaven  yclepd  Euphrofyne, 

"  And  by  men  heart-eafing  Mirth, 

"  Whom  lovely  Venus  at  a  birth, 

"  JFith  two  Jijler-Graces  more, 

*'  To  ivy-crowntd  Bacchus  bore."     Upton. 

B  3 


O  THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  BOOK  II. 

vir. 
AYhom  uhen  the  Palmer  faw,  abaflit  he  Mas 
Through   fear  and  wonder,  that  he  nought 

could  lay, 
Till  him  the  Childe  befpoke ;  "  Long  lackt, 

alas, 
Hath  bene  thy  faithfull  aide  in  hard  afTay  ! 
Whiles  deadly  fitt  thy  Pupill  doth  difmay, 
Behold  this  heavy  fight,  thou  reverend  Sire  ! 
But  dread  of  death  and  dolor  doe  away; 
Por  life  ere  long  fhall  to  her  home  retire. 
And  he,  that  breathleffe  feems,  flial  corage  bold 
refpire. 

VIII. 

"  The  charge,  which  God  doth  unto  me  arrett, 
Of  his  deare  fafety,  I  to  thee  commend ; 
Yet  will  I  not  forgoe,  ne  yet  forgett 
The  care  thereof  myfelfe  unto  the  end, 
But  evermore  him  fuccour,  and  defend 


A^'II.  3. Long  lackt,  alas,  &c.]     The 

fenfe,  I  think,  is  this.  "  Alas !  your  faithful  aid  has  been 
much  wanted  in  Guyon's  late  adventures.  But  contemplate 
this  melancholy  fight !  And  yet,  be  not  apprehenfive  that  he 
is  dead  ;  he  is  only  in  a  fwoon,  and  fhall  foon  come  to  him- 
felf."  All  the  editions  place  a  comma  only  after  aj'aj/  ;  Spen- 
fer's  own  editions,  a  femicolon  aiiev  difmay ;  the  lirft  folio, 
Hughes,  and  the  edition  of  1751,  a  colon  ;  and  the  fubfequent 
folios,  a  full  flop.  All  place  a  comma  only  after  Sire.  But 
the  lines  fliould  be  pointed  as  we  have  given  them. 

Church. 

VIII.  1. arrett]    Appoint,  allot. 

Fr.  arrejtc.r,  arreter.     See  alfo  F.  Q.  ii.  xi.  7,  iii.  viii.  7- 

Ul'TON. 


CANTO  VIII.       THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  7 

Againft  his  foe  and  mine :    Watch  thou,  I 

pray ; 
For  evill  is  at  hand  him  to  offend/' 
So  having  faid,  eftfoones  he  gan  difplay 
His  painted  nimble  wings,  and  vaniflit  quite 

away. 

IX. 

The  Palmer  feeing  his  lefte  empty  place, 
And  his  flow  eies  beguiled  of  their  fight, 
Woxe  fore  affraid,  and  Handing  ftill  a  fpace 
Gaz'd  after  him,  as  fowle  efcapt  by  flight : 
At  laft,  him  turning  to  his  charge  behight, 
With  trembling  hand  his  troubled  pulfe  gan 

try ; 
Where  finding  life  not  yet  diflodged  quight, 


VIII.  6.  Watch  thou,  I  ])ray ;]  Confidering  the  dignity  of 
flie  angelical  fpeaker,  this  reading  1  would  alter;  and  either 
read,  "  Watch  thou  and  pray;"  becaufe  thefe  words  are  joined 
in  fcripture,  Mark  xiii,  33.  "  Take  ye  heed,  watch  and  pray," 
and  again  xiv.  38.  "  Watch  ye  and  praj/ :"  or  rather  thus, 
"  Watch  thou,  1  fay :  And  this  emendation  is  becoming  the 
dignity  of  the  angel,  and  is  likewife  fcriptural.  Mark  ii.  11. 
"  ly«j/  unto  thee,  arife."  Tis  in  feveral  other  places,  but 
one  occurs  much  to  our  purpole,  Mark  xiii.  37.  "  And  what 
I  fay  unto  you,  I  fay  unto  all,  watch."     Upton. 

IX.  1.     The  Palmer  feeing  his  lefte  empty  place. 

And  his  flow  eies  beguiled  &c.i  That  is,  the  Palmer 
feeing  his  place  left  empty,  and  his  eyes  being  beguiled  of 
their  light,  woxe  fore  afraid.  And  hisjlow  eyes  6cc.  is  put  ab- 
folute.    We  have  the  fame  conftrudion,  F.  Q.  i.  v.  45,  ii.  iii.  36. 

Upton. 

IX.  5. to  his  charge  behighl,]     To  the 

charge  entrujied  to  him.     See  the  note  on  hight,  F.  Q.  i.  iv.  6, 

Todd. 

B  4 


8  THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.     BOOK  II. 

He  much  reioyft,  and  courd  it  tenderly. 
As  chicken  newly  hatcht,  from  dreaded  deftiny. 

X. 
At  lad  he  fpide  where  towards  him  did  pace 
Two  Paynim  Knights  al  armd  as  bright  as 

ikie, 
And  them  befide  an  aged  Sire  did  trace, 
And  far  before  a  light-foote  Page  did  flie 
That  breathed  ftrife  and  troublous  cnmitie. 
Thofe  were  the  two  fonnes  of  Aerates  old, 
A\  ho,  meeting  earlt  with  Archimago  flie 
Foreby  that  Idle  Strond,  of  him  were  told 
That  he,   which    earft   them   combatted,   was 
Guvon  bold. 


IX.  8.     ■ ■ and  courd  it  tenderly. 

As  chicken  neuly  hatc/it,]  And  protected  it,  as  a  hen 
fits  couring  over  her  young  chicken.  Skinner,  '•  To  coure,  ab 
It^l.  covarc,  Vr.  coiiver,  mcubare  ;  metai)hora  I'umpta  a  gallinis 
ovis  incubantibus."  See  Menage  in  v.  Couver.  But  Junius 
brings  it  from  the  old  Britilh  word,  cwrrian.  INIilton  a])p]ies 
this  exprcliion  to  the  beafts  bending  or  cowring  down,  Par.  Loji, 
13.  viii.  530.  But  I  believe  Spenfer  ufes  it  in  the  former  fenfe, 
as  Skinner  and  Menage  i  xplain  it.  In  the  Glofiary,  ufually 
printed  witii  Spenfer's  Works,  it  is  faid  to  be  put  for  covered, 
as  if  corrupted  from  it.  Spenfer  plainly  had  in  view  the 
afteding  limile  of  our  Lord,  Matt,  xxiii.  37.     Upton. 

In  the  ihil  edition  of  Gannner  Gurton's  Kcedle,  we  find 
"  They  conre  fo  over  the  coles ;"  which  in  all  the  fubfequent 
ones  is  very  improperly  altered  to  cover.  To  covre,  is  to  bend, 
ftoop,  hang  or  lean  over.  See  Beaumont  and  Fletcher's 
Munjleur  Thonias,  A.  iv.  S.  vi.  and  Nafh's  Pierce  PennileJJe's 
Supplication  to  the  Devil,  1592,  p.  8.  (Old  PL  edit.  1780, 
vol.  ii.  p.  9.)     Reed. 

X.  7.  iVho  meeting  earji  &c.]  See  before,  C.  iv.  ft.  41, 
andC.  vi.  ft.  47.     Ux'TON. 


CANTO  VIII.       THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  9 

XL 

AVhicli  to  avenge  on  him  they  dearly  vowd, 
Whereever  that  on  ground  they  mote  him 

find  : 
Fahe  Archimage  provokt  their  corage  prowd, 
And  ftryful  Atin  in  their  itubborne  mind 
Coles   of  contention  and  whot  vengeaunce 

tind. 
Now  bene  they  come  whereas  the  Palmer 

fate, 
Keeping  that  flombred  corfe  to  him  affmd : 
Well  knew  they  both  his  perfon,  fith  of  late 
With  him    in   bloody  amies   they   rafhly  did 

debate. 

XII. 
Whoi)i  when  Pyrochles  faw,  inflam'd  with  rage 
That  Sire  he  fowl  befpake ;    "  Thou  dotard 

vile, 
That  with  thy  bruteneffe  {hendft  thy  comely 

age. 
Abandon  foone,  I  read,  the  caytive  fpoile 

XI.  4.     ^iid  ftryful  Atin  in  their  jluhborne  mind 

Coles  of  contention  and  whot  vengeaunce  tind.]  This 
defcription  of  the  furious  Atin  is  evidently  drawn  from  the 
pure  fountain  of  wifdom,  Pruv.  xv.  18.  "  A  wralhfull  man 
ftirreth  up  ftrife."  Prov.  xxvi.  21.  "As  coals  are  to  burning 
coals,  and  wood  to  fire;  fo  is  a  contentious  man  to  kindle 
ftrife."     Todd. 

XI.  5. tind.]     Kindled,    excited. 

See  the  note  on  tind,  F.  Q.  iii.  vii.  15.     Todd. 

XII.  3. bruteneffe]     Sottijlmefs,  Hu^pidiiy  oi  a, 

brute,  brutiflmefs.     Upton. 


10  THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.     BOOK  II. 

Of  that  fame  outcaft  carcas,  that  erewhile 
Made  itfelte  famous  through  falfe  trecherj, 
And  crownd  his  coward  crefl  with  knightly 

ftile ; 
Loe  !  where  he  now  inglorious  doth  lye, 
To  proove  he  lived  il,  that  did  thus  fowly  dye." 

XIII. 

To  whom  the  Palmer  feareleffe  anfwered  ; 
"  Certes,  Sir  Knight,  ye  bene  too  much  to 

blame, 
Thus  for  to  blott  the  honor  of  the  dead. 
And  with  fowle  cowardize  his  carcas  fhame 
Whofe  living  handes  immortalizd  his  name. 
Vile  is  the  vengeaunce  on  the  afhes  cold ; 
And  envy  bafe  to  barke  at  fleeping  fame : 
AYas  never  wight  that  treafon  of  him  told : 

Yourfelfe  his  prowefife  prov'd,  and  found  him 
fiers  and  bold." 

XIV. 

Then  fayd  Cymochles;   "  Palmer,  thou  doeft 
dote, 
Ne  canft  of  prowefTe  ne  of  knighthood  deeme, 

XII.  9.  To  proove  &c.]  This  fentiment  is  truly  Pagan.  In 
this  and  the  four  following  llanzas,  the  characters  of  the 
fpeakers  are  admirably  fupported.     Ciiuucii. 

XIII.  6".      Vile  is  the  xengeaunce  on  the  ajhcs  cold ; 

And  envy  bafe  to  barke  at  fleeping  jame:'\  "  At 
jleeping  fame,"  i.  e.  at  the  fame  of  a  perfon  now  dead;  of  one 
now  fallen  ajleep,  y.iyMiJi.Y,iJi,ini,  mortiii.  The  fentence  is  pro- 
verbial, and  perhaps  from  Homer,  Odjif)'.  %'.  412. 

See  alfo  Virg.  yE«.  xi.  104,  Tallb  C.  xix.  117.     Uptoit. 


CANTO  VIII.       THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  11 

Save  as  thou  feeft  or  hearft :  But  well  I  wote. 

That  of  his  puiflaunce  tryall  made  extreeme  : 

Yet  gold  all  is  not  that  doth  golden  feeme ; 

Ne  al  good  Knights  that  (hake  well  fpeare 

and  fhield : 

The  worth  of  all  men  by  their  end  efteeme ; 

And  then  dew  praife  or  dew  reproch  them  yield : 

Bad  therefore  I  him  deeme  that  thus  lies  dead 

on  field/* 

XV. 

"  Good  or  bad,"  gan  his  brother  fiers  reply, 

"  What  do  I  recke,  fith  that  he  dide  entire  ? 

Or  what  doth  his  bad  death  now  fatisfy 

The  greedy  hunger  of  revenging  yre, 

Sith  wrathfull  hand  wrought  not  her  owne 

defire  ? 
Yet,  (ince  no  way  is  lefte  to  wreake  my  fpight, 
I  will  him  reave  of  armes,  the  vi6lors  hire, 
And  of  that  fhield,   more  worthy  of  good 

Knight ; 
For  why  Ihould  a  dead  dog  be  deckt  in  armour 

bright  ?" 

XV.  2. fifh  that  he  dide  entire  ?]    That  is, 

feeing  that  he  died  a  natural  death.     This  lenle  is  fuitable  to 
the  mind  of  the  fpeaker.     Church. 

Entire,  not  mangled,  or  wounded  ;  as  we  fay,  in  a  whole  Jlcin, 
And  integer  is  thus  ufed  by  Statius,  Si/lv.  L.  II.  i.  156". 

"  Maneique  fubivit 

"  Integer,  et  nullo  temeratus  corpora  damno." 

Upton. 

XV.  7. the  victors  hire,]     See  the 

note  on  "  fliield  renverji,"  F,  Q.  i.  iv.  41.     Todd. 


\ 


12  TI1£    FAERIE    QUEENE.  BOOK  Ih 

XVJ. 

*'  Fayr  Sir,"  faid  then  the  Palmer  fuppHaunt, 
"  For  knighthoods  love  doe  npt  fo  fowle  a 

deed, 
Ne  blame  your  honor  with  fo  ftiamefull  vaunt 
Of  vile  revenge  :  To  fpoile  the  dead  of  weed 
Is  facrilege,  and  doth  all  fnmes  exceed : 
But  leave  thefe  relicks  of  his  living  might 
To  decke  his  herce,  and  trap  his  tomb-blacke 

fteed." 
"  What  herce  or  deed,"  faid  he,  "  fliould  he 

have  dight. 
But  be  entombed  in  the  raven  or  the  kight  ?'* 

XVI.  3.  Ke  blame  your  fiouor]  Caft  not  blame  or  reproach 
on  your  honour.  Fr.  blamcr.  Ital.  biajimare,  a  Lat,  blajp/ieinare, 
^?ia!7(pyjjiA£iv.     Upton. 

XVI.  4. of  weed]     Of  raiment. 

We  generally  find  the  word  ufed  in  the  plural  number.  Thus, 
in  Milton's  Camus.,  the  Spirit  takes  "  the  weeds  and  likenefs  of 
a  fvvain,  dec."  Again,  in  Allegro,  we  have  "  weeds  of  peace." 
See  alfo  Fur.  Reg.  B.  i.  314.  So  we  now  fay,  "  a  widow's 
weeds."     Todd. 

XVI.  7.  To  decke  Jiis  herce,  and  trap  his  tombe-blacke Jleede.] 
The  horfes  of  the  dead  Knights  were  decked  out  with  black 
trappings,  and  with  their  armour ;  and  thus  walked  in  folemn 
proceffion  to  the  tomb,  where  their  arms  and  knightly  honours 
were  Imng  up  :  hence  he  fays,  "  tomb-black."  Herfe  is  ufed 
for  the  tomb.  The  Sarazin  replies,  "  What  herce  or  fteed 
fhould  he  have  prepared  for  him,  but  be  entombed  in  the 
raven  or  the  kight  r"  Entombed,  confidering  the  retorted 
repetition,  is  very  elegant :  "  Talk  not  to  me  oi  tombs ;  he 
ihall  have  Jio  other  tomb  but  the  ravenous  birds  of  the  air." 

Uptox. 

XVI.  9.  But  be  entombed  in  the  raven  &c.]  Gorgias  Leon- 
tinus  called  vulturs  living  fepulchrts,  yvw?;  i'piil/i^j^oi  la.tprA'  for 
which  he  incurred  the  cenfure  of  Longinus  ;  whether  jultly  or 
no  I  Ihall  not  fay.     JouTi>f. 


CANTO  VIII.       THE    FAERIE    QUEENE.  13 

XVII. 

With  that,  rude  hand  upon  his  flueld  he  laid, 
And  th'  other  brother  gan  his  helme  unlace ; 
Both  fiercely  bent  to  have  him  difaraid : 
Till  that  thej  I'pyde  where  towards  them  did 

pace 
An  armed  Knight,  of  bold  and  bounteous 

grace, 
Whofe  Squire  bore  after  him  an  heben  launce 
And  coverd  fliield  :  AVell  kend  him  fo  far 

fpace 

Th*  Enchaunter  bj  his  amies  and  amenaunce. 

When  under  him  he  faw  his  Lybian  Heed  to 

praunce ; 

XVIII. 

And  to  thofe  bi'ethren  fayd  ;  "  Rife,  rife  bylive, 
And  unto  batteil  doe  yourfelves  addreile  ; 
For  yonder  comes  the  proweft  Knight  alive, 

XVII.  6. an  hehen  launce 

And  coverd JJiield:]     See  F.  Q.  i.  vii.  33,  and  37. 

Church. 
XVII.  8. amenaunce,]      Carriage,  be- 
haviour.   Fr.  amener,  Ital.  ammannare.    See  alio  Y.  Q.  ii.  ix.  5, 
iii.  i.  41,  iv.  iii.  5.     Upton. 

XVII.  9. his  Lybian  Jieed]      His  Arabian 

horfe.     Church. 

XVIII.  3. the  proweft  Knight]     The  braveji 

Knight.  Proweft  is  the  Superlative  oi  prow,  which,  Mr.  Upton 
obferves,  comes  originally  from  probus.  See  Menage,  vv.  prou 
and  prouej/e.  The  word  is  ufually  written  in  old  French,  preux. 
And  thus  alio  in  the  old  Englilh  Hijl.  of  K.  Arthur,  Cli.  xx. 
"  Duke  Richarde  of  Normandye  was  taken  there,  which  was 
one  of  the  Doufe  Peres  of  Fraunce,  and  a  ryghte  noble  and  a 
worthy  Knyght,  preu  and  hardy."  Again,  fol.  xlvii.  "  He  is 
j9r«e  and  valyauute."     Todd. 


I^  THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  BOOK  11. 

Prince  Arthur,  flowre  of  grace  and  nobilefle, 
That  hath  to  Paynim  Knights  wrought  gret 

diftrefle, 
And  thoufand  Sar'zins  fowly  donne  to  dye." 
That  word  fo  deepe  did  in  their  harts  im- 

preffe, 
That  both  eftfoones  upflarted  furioufly, 
And  gan  themfelves  prepare  to  batteill  greedily. 

XIX. 

But  fiers  Pyrochles,  lacking  his  ow^ne  fword. 
The  want  thereof  now  greatly  gan  to  plaine. 
And  Archimage  befought,  him  that  afford 
Which   he  had  brought  for  Braggadochio 

vaine. 
"  So  would  I/'  faid  th*  Enchaunter,  "  glad 

and  faine 
Beteeme  to  you  this  fword,  you  to  defend. 
Or  ought  that  els  your  honour  might  main- 

taine ; 


XVIII.  4.     and  nobileflTe,]       From    the    Italian, 

nobilezza.     The  French  word,  nobleff'e,  is  of  two  fyllables. 

Upton. 

XIX.  6.     Beteeme  to  i/uu]     That  is,  give,   deliver,  to  you, 
as  Shakfpeare  ufes  the  word  in  Midf.  Night  Dream  : 

"  Belike  for  want  of  rain,  v/hich  I  could  well 
"  Beteem  them  from  the  tempeft  of  mine  eyes." 

Upton. 
Ibid.     this  Jhvord]     The  fword,  which  he   in- 
tended  for  Braggadochio.  '  See  F.   Q.    ii,  iii.  17,   18.     It  is 
rightly  printed   "  this  fword"  in  Spenfer's  own  editions ;  but 
erroneoufly  in  the  folios,  "  his."     Upton. 


CANTO  VIII.       THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  15 

But  that  this  weapons  powre  I  well  have  kend 
To  be  contrary  to  the  worke  which  ye  intend : 

XX. 

*'  For  that  lame  Knights  owne  fword  this  is, 
of  yore 
Which  Merlin  made  by  his  almightie  art 


XX.  1. this  is,  of  yore]     So  I  point  the 

palTage  with  Mr.  Church.  All  other  editions  place  a  comma 
after  yore,  but  no  ftop  after  is.  JNIr.  Upton,  however,  acknow- 
ledges that  the  pointing,  now  adopted,  is  to  be  preferred. 

Todd. 
XX.  2.  Which  Merlin  made]  The  Enchanter  Merlin  is 
here  faid  to  have  made  Prince  Arthur's  fword.  Heroes  of  old 
had  their  arms  made  by  enchantment  and  fupernatural  power  : 
The  arms  of  Achilles  and  of  JEneas  were  made  by  Vulcan. 
But,  as  our  poet  mentions  the  fword  in  particular,  I  would  ob- 
ferve  that  the  fword  of  Hannibal  was  enchanted.  See  Sil. 
Ital.  i.  429.  Virgil,  defcribing  the  fword  of  Turnus,  fays,  it 
was  made  by  Vulcan  for  Daunus,  the  father  of  Turnus,  and 
tinged  hiffing  hot  in  the  Stygian  lake.     So  Spenfer : 

"  And  feven  times  dipped  in  the  bitter  wave 

"  Of  hellilh  Styx—" 
Valerius  Flaccus  likewife  bears  teftimony  to  the  virtues  and 
efficacy  of  the  Stygian  waters,  L.  vii.  SO*. 

"  Prima  Hecate  Stygiis  duratam  fontibus  harpen 

"  Intulit." 
And  this  explains  and  illuftrates  Ariofto,  C.  xix.  84. 

"  L'Ufbergo  fuo  di  tempra  era  (i  duro, 

"  Che  non  li  potean  contra  le  percofie, 

"  E  per  incanto  al  fuoco  de  Tinferno 

"  Cotto  e  temprato  h.  V  acqua  fu  d'  Averno." 
Merlin  befide  mixt  the  metal  with  medivxart ;  that  is,  with 
the  wort  or  herb  called  medica,  concerning  which  fee  Virgil, 
Georg.  i.  215.  It  availed  againll  enchantments,  and  for  this 
reafon  was  ufed  by  Merlin.  Nothing  is  more  ufual  in  romance 
writers  than  to  read  of  heroes  made  invulnerable  by  enchant- 
ments; and  of  fwords,  by  more  powerful  enchanters  fo  framed, 
as  to  prevail  over  even  enchanted  heroes.  Don  Quixote  tells 
Sancho,  that  he  will  endeavour  to  procure  a  fword,  fuperiour 
to  all  enchantments :  fortune,  he  fays,  may  provide  him  fuch 


16  THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.     BOOK  11; 

For  that  his  Nourlling,  when  he  knighthood 

Iwore, 
Therewith  to  doen  his  foes  eternall  fmart. 
The  metall  firft  he  mixt  with  medaewart, 
That  no  enchaiintment  from  his  dint  misrht 

fare  ; 
Then  it  in  flames  of  Aetna  wrought  apart. 
And  feven  times  dipped  in  the  bitter  wave 
Of  helhfli  Styx,  which  hidden  vertue  to  it  gavci 

XXI. 

''  The  vertue  is^  that  nether  fteele  nor  ftone 


a  one  as  that  of  Amadis  de  Gaul,  who  named  himfelf  Knight 
of  the  burning  fword  :  which  fword  could  cut  afunder  what- 
ever it  undertook,  and  could  refift  all  enchantments.  So  Ba- 
lifarda,  the  fword  of  Ruggiero,  is  defcribed  by  Berni,  Orl. 
Tnnam.  L.  li.  C.  xvii.  13.  See  alfo  Ariofto,  C,  xli.  83.  So  the 
fword  is  defcribed,  which  the  king  of  Arabia  fent  to  Cambuf- 
can,  Chaucer,  p.  6\ .  edit.  Urr.  And  fo  the  fword  of  Michael 
is  defcribed,  Par.  Lqji,  B.  vi.  320. 

This  fword  for  its  virtues  was  named  Morddure  :  It  bit  hard 
and  (harp  ;  from  mordre  to  bite,  and  dur,  hard  ;  or  from  the 
Ital.  mordere,  to  bite  or  wound,  and  duramente,  cruelly,  hardly. 
From  this  very  quality  Orlando's  fword  had  its  name ;  and 
was  called  Duraida,  as  Turpin  writes  in  his  Hiftory  of  Charles 
the  Great,  chap.  xxi.  "  Durenda  interpretatur  durus  icius." 
Hence  Boyardo  and  Ariofto  have  called  their  heroes  fword, 
Durlindana.  I  cannot  help  obferving  how  defignedly  Spenfer 
here  omits  to  follow  either  that  filly  romance  called  the  Hif- 
tory  of  Prince  Arthur,  which  gives  a  long  and  ridiculous  ac- 
count of  his  fword,  Excalibur,  that  is,  cut  fteel ;  or  even  of 
Jeffrey  of  Monmoulh,  who  fays,  his  fword's  name  was  Caliburn, 
L.  ix.  C.  iv.  Compare  Drayton's  Polj/ulbion,  p.  6'l.  However, 
as  'tis  certain  Spenfer  had  read  botli  the  romance  of  Prince 
Arthur,  and  Jeffrey  of  Monmouth's  Brithh  hiftory,  fo  it  is  as 
certain  that  he  altered  many  things,  and  made  their  ftoiies  fub- 
TLiit  to  the  economy  of  his  poem.     Uptox. 


CAXTO  Vlir,       THE    FAERIE    QUEENE.  17 

The  ftroke  thereof  from  entrauiice  may  de- 
fend ; 
Ne  ever  may  be  ufed  by  his  fone ; 
Ne  forft  his  rightful  owner  to  offend ; 
Ne  ever  will  it  breake,  ne  ever  bend  ; 
Wherefore  Morddiire  it  rightfully  is  hight. 
In  vaine  therefore,  Pyrochles,  should  I  lend 
The  fame  to  thee,  againft  his  Lord  to  fight ; 
For  fure  yt  would  deceive  thy  labor  and  thy 

might." 

XX 11. 
"  Foolifli  old  man,"  laid  then  the  Pagan  wroth, 
"  That  weened  words  or  charms  may  force 

withftond  : 
Soone  Ihalt  thou  fee,  and  then  beleeve  for 

troth, 
That  I  can  carve  with  this  incbaunted  brond 
His  Lords  owne   flelh."     Therewith  out  of 

his  bond 
That  vertuous  fteele  he  rudely  fnatcht  away; 
And  Guyons  (liield  about  his  wreft  he  bond: 
So  ready  dight,  fierce  battaile  to  afTay, 

And  match  his  brother  proud  in  battailous  aray. 

xxiir. 
By  this,  that  flraunger  Knight  in  prefence  came, 
And  goodly  falved  them ;  who  nought  againe 

XXII.  6.     Thai  vertuous  Jleele]     That  is,  the  fword  wliich 
had  the  virtues  or  qualities  abovementioned.     Church. 

XXIII.  2.     And  falved]     Saluted  them.     See  the  note  on 
falewd,  F.  Q.  iv,  vi.  25.     Upton. 

VOL.  IV.  C 


18  THE    FAtlllE    QUEEXE.  BOOK   II 

Him  anfwered,  as  courtefie  became; 

But  with  lleriie  lookes,  and  ftomachous  dif- 

daiiie, 
Gave  figncs  of  grudge  and  difcontentment 

vanie  : 
Then,  turning  to  the  Pahner,  he  gan  fpy 
AVhere  at  his  feet,  with  forrowfuU  demayne 
And  deadly  liew,  an  armed  corfe  did  lye, 
In  whofe  dead  face  he  redd  great  magnanimity. 

XXIV. 
Sayd  he  then  to  the  Palmer;  "  Reverend  Syre, 
A\  hat    great    misfortune    hath    betidd    this 

Knight? 
Or  did  his  life  her  fatall  date  expyre, 
Or  did  he  fall  by  treafon,  or  by  fight  ? 
However,  fure  I  rew  his  pitteous  plight." 
"  Not  one,  nor  other,"  fayd  the  Palmer  grave, 
"  Hath  him  befalne;  but  cloudes  of  deadly 

night 
Awhile  his  heavy  eylids  cover'd  have, 
And  all  his  fences  drowned  in  deep  iencelelTe 

wave  : 

XXV. 

"  Which  thofe  his  cruell  foes,  that  (land  hereby, 


XXIII.  7.     ■ —  demayne]      Dcineanmir  or 

appearance.  See  the  note  on  dcmeanc,  V.  Q.  vi.  vi.  18.     Todd. 

XXIV.  9.     And  all  his  fences  drowned  &c.]     See  F.  Q.  i. 
xii.  17,  ii.  V.  3.5.     Ciiuucii. 

XXV.  1.      Jl'/iick  thofe  his  crwW  foes,  &c.]     Corre6ted  from 
the  Errata,  fubjoiaed  to  the  firlt  edition,  by  Church,   Upton, 


CA\TO  VIII.       THE  FAERIE  QUEEXE.  19 

Making  advantage,  to  revenge  tlieir  fpigbt, 

AVould  him  dilarme  and  treaten  {liamefullv ; 

Unworthie  ufao'e  of  redoLd)ted  Knio-ht ! 

But  you,  faire  Sir,  wliofe  honourable  fight 

Doth   promife    hope     of  helpe    and    timely 

grace. 

Mote  I  befeech  to  fucconr  his  fad  phght. 

And  by  your  powre  prote6l  his  feeble  cace  ? 

Firft  prayfe  of  knighthood  is,  fovvle  outrage  to 

deface." 

XXVL 

"  Palmer,"  fjiid  he,   "  no  Knight  fo   rude,  I 
weene. 
As  to  doen  outrage  to  a  fleeping  ghofl; : 
Ne  was  there  ever  noble  corage  I'eene, 
That  in  advauntage  would  his  puifTaunce  boft: 
Honour  is  leaft,  where  oddes  appeareth  moil. 
May  bee,  that  better  reafon  will  afwage 
The  rafli  revengers  heat.    Words,  well  difpoft. 
Have  fecrete  powre  t'  appeafe  inflamed  rage  : 

If  not,  leave  unto  me  thy  Knights  laft  patron- 
age." 

and  Tonfon's  edition  of  1758.     In  the  firft  and  fecond  editions, 
the  verfe  wants  a  foot,  and  reads 

"  Which  ihofe/a/He  foes,  that  ftand  hereby, 

"  Making  advauntage,  &c." 
The  folios,  without  referring  to  the  poet's  own  diredtion,  offer 
a  fuppofed  emendation  : 

"  Which  thofe  fame  foes,  that  doeii  axcaite  hereby — " 
Hughes  has  followed  this  conje6lural  alteration.     The  edition 
of  1751  reads,  "  Which  thofe /awe  crudl  foes,  cSiC."     Todd. 

C  2 


20  THE   FAERIE  QUEENE.  BOOK  II. 

XXVII. 

The,  turning  to  thofe  brethren,  thus  befpoke  ; 
"  Ye  warUke   payre,    whole   valorous   great 

might, 
It  feemes,  iuft  vvrongcs  to  vengeaunce  doe 

provoke. 
To  wreake  your  wrath  on  this  dead-feeming 

Knight, 
Mote  ought  aUay  the  ftorme  of  your  def- 

pight, 
And  fettle  patience  in  fo  furious  heat  ? 
Not  to  debate  the  chalenge  of  your  right, 
But  for  his  carkas  pardon  I  entreat, 
AVhom  fortune  hath  already  laid  in  lowefl  feat." 

XXVIII. 

To  whom  Cymochles  faid ;  "  For  what  art  thou, 
Thatmak'ft  thyfelfe  his  dayes-man,  to  prolong 


XXVII.  3. doe  provoke,]     So  Spenfer's 

own  editions  read  ;  tlie  conftrutlion  being,  as  Mr.  Upton  has 
obferved,  "  Whole  valour  juft  wrongs  (as  it  feems)  do  provoke 
to  vengeance."    Some  editions  read,  "  doth  provoke."    Todd. 

XXVIII.  1.     For  uhat  art  thou,  &c.]     Obferve 

For  in  the  beginning  of  the  fentence,  marking  paffion'and  in- 
dignation. So  Proteus,  baffled  in  his  various  arts,  addrefies 
the  fwain  in  Virgil,  Georg.  iv.  4'i5. 

"  Nam  quis  te,  juvenum  confidentiflime,  noflras 
"  Juffit  adire  domos?"     Upton. 

XXVIII.  2. his  dayes-man,]     Arbitrator,  or 

judge.  So,  in  Wicklifie's  tranflation  of  the  New  Teftamenl, 
I.  Cor.  iv.  3.  "  Manuys  dai"  is  l\\ii  jtidgemcnt  of  men,  as  Mr. 
Upton  has  noticed  ;  and,  as  Mr.  Church  adds,  day  is  the  pre- 
fent  marginal  reading  of  that  paflage.  The  word  dayefnian  i« 
ufed  in  the  lame  fenle  in  the  ancient  drama  of  Damon  and  Vy 
thias.     See  Keed's  Old  PI.  vol.  i.  p.  260.    Todd. 


CAXTO  VIII.       THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  21 

The  vengeaunce  preft  ?  Or  who  (hall  let  me 

now 
On  this  vile  body  from  to  wreak  my  wrong. 
And  make  his  carkas  as  the  outcaft  dong  ? 
Why  fhould  not  that  dead  carrion  satisiye 
The  guilt,  which,  if  he  lived  had  thus  long, 
His  life  for  dew  revenge  (hould  deare  abye  ? 
The  trefpafs  ftill  doth  live,  albee  the  perfon  dye/* 

XXIX. 
*'  Indeed,"  then  faid   the  Prince,   "   the  evill 

donne 
Dyes  not,  when  breath  the  body  firfl  doth 

leave  ; 
But  from    the   grandfyre   to  the  nephewes 

fonne 
And   all   his    feede    the  curfe   doth    often 

cleave, 
Till  vengeaunce  utterly  the  guilt  bereave : 
So  ftreightly  God  doth  iudge.     But  gentle 

Knight, 


XXVIII.  3. preft?]     Readi/ at  hand,  or  quick. 

See  Mr.  VVarton's  note  on  prcjl,  F.  Q.  vi,  vii,  19.     Todd. 

XXVIII.  4. from  to   wreak   niy   Xi;rong,~\     A 

Grecifm,  wtto  t5  r'Krot.aBui,from  wreaking.    Who  (hall  now  hinder 
me  from  revenging  my  wrongs  on  this  vile  body  ?     Upton. 

Some  editions  have  converted  from  into  for,  fuppofing 
perhaps  the  prepofition  from,  joined  to  the  infinitive  mood  of 
an  Eriglifh  verb,  as  unintelligible,     Todd. 

XXIX.  3.  But  from  the  grandfyre  &c.]  To  the  third  and 
fourth  generation,  as  Dr.  Jortin  has  obferved.  See  alfo  ^Ir. 
Poyd's  remark  on  F.  Q.  ii,  ii.  3.     Todd. 

c  3 


22  THE  rAEIUE  QUEENE.     BOOK  II- 

That  doth  againft  the  dead  his  hand  upreare, 
His   honour   Itaines  with   rancour  and  dei- 

pight,  ^ 
And  great  difparagment  makes  to  his  former 

miirht." 

XXX. 
Pyrochles  2:an  reply  the  I'econd  tyme. 

And  to  him  laid ;  "  Now,  felon,  fure  I  read, 
How  that  thou  art  partaker  of  his  cryme  : 
Therefore   hy    Termagaunt    thou    ftialt   be 

dead/' 
"With  that,  his  hand,  more  fad  than  lomp  of 

lead. 
Uplifting  high,  he  weened  with  Morddure, 
His  owne  good  fword  Morddure,  to  cleave 

his  head. 
The  faithfull  fteele  fuch  treafon  no'uld  endure. 
But,  fwarving  from  the  marke,  his  Lordes  life 

did  afiijre. 

XXXI. 
Yet  M'as  the  force  fo  furious  and  fo  fell, 

That  horfe  and  man  it  made  to  reele  aiyde  : 

XXIX.  7- upreare,]  So  all  the  edi- 
tions. The  rhyme  requires,  and  I  fiiould  luppol'e  Spenfer 
gave,  upheave.     Ciiuiicu. 

XXX.  4.  Therefore  hy  Termagaunt]  In  the  33d.  ftanza, 
the  oath  is,  Bi/  Mahoune.  They  are  generally  joined  together 
in  the  old  romances.  Termagaunt  is  the  god  of  the  Saracens, 
and  Mahound  is  Mahomet.  See  the  note  on  F.  Q.  vi.  vii.  47. 
"  And  oftentimes  by  Termagant  and  Mahound  {wove."    Todd. 

XXX.  5. more  iddl    ^loxo,  heavy.    See 

the  note  on  fad,  F.  Q.  i.  iii.  10.     Todd. 


CANTO  VriT.       THE    FAERIE    QUEEXE.  23 

Natli'leiTe  the  Prince  would  not  forfake  his 

fell, 
(For  well  of  yore  he  learned  had  to  ryde,) 
But  full  of  anger  fiersly  to  him  cryde ; 
"  Falfe  traitour,  mifcreaunt,  thou  broken  haft 
The  law  of  armes,  to  ftrike  foe  undefide : 
But  thou  thy   treafons  fruit,   I  hope,   flialt 

tafte 
Right  fowre,  and  feele  the  law,  the  which  thou 

haft  defiift/' 

XXXII. 

With  that  his  balefull  ipeare  he  fiercely  bent 
Againft    the    Pagans   breft,   and   therewith 

thou";ht 
His  curfed  life  out  of  her  lodg  have  rent : 
But,  ere  the  point  arrived  where  it  ought, 
That  feven-fold  Ihield,  which  he  from  Guy  on 

brought, 
He  caft  between  to  ward  the  bitter  ftownd  : 
Through  all  thofe  foldes  the  fteelehead  paf- 

fage  wrought. 
And  through  his  llioulder  perft  ;  wherwith 

to  ground 

He  groveling  fell,    all    gored  in   his  gufliing 

wound. 

XXXIII. 

Which   when   his    brother   faw,    fraught  with 

great  griefe 

And  wrath,  he  to  him  leaped  furioufly, 

c  4        . 


$4  THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  BOOK  IT. 

xVnd   fowly    laide ;  "   By   Mahoune,   curled 

thiefe, 

That  direful!  itroke  thou  dearely  flialt  ahv/* 

Then,  hurhug  up  his  harmehiU  blade  on  hy, 

Smote  him  ib  hugely  on  his  haughtie  creft, 

That  from  his  faddle  forced  him  to  fly : 

Els  mote  it  needes  downe  to  his  manly  breft 

Have  cleft  his  head  in   twaine,  and  life  thence 

difpollefl:. 

XXXIV. 

Now  was  the  Prince  in  daungerous  diftrefTe, 
Wan  tin  2:  his  fword,  when  he  on  foot  lliould 

fight : 
His   iingle  fpeare   could  doe   him  fmall  re- 

drelle 
Againfl  two  foes  of  fo  exceeding  might, 
The   leaft    of  which    was    match    for     any 

Kniofht. 
And  now  the  other,  whom  he  earft  did  daunt, 
Had  reard  himfelfe  againe  to  cruel  fight 
Three  times  more  furious  and  more  puilKaunt, 

Unmindfull  of  his  wound,  of  his  fate  ignoraunt. 

XXXV. 
So  both  attonce  him  charge  on  either  fyde 
AVith  hideous  itrokes  and  importable  powre, 

XXXV.  2,     and  importable  powre,}     Power  not 

fo  be  borne,  as  INIr.  Upton  obferves ;  who  adds,  that  importable 
is  iifed  by  Chaucer.  I  mull  alfo  remark,  that  the  accent  is 
here  placed  on  the  firft  fvllable  of  importable.  The  pronuncia- 
tion of  insupportable,  with  the  accent  on  the  fecond  fyllable, 
F,  Q.  i.  vii.  11.  is  analogous  to  the  example  before  us.    Todd, 


CANTO  Vlir.         THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  25 

That  forced  him  his  ground  to  traverfe  vvyde, 
And  wifely  watch  to  ward  that  deadly  llowre : 
For  on  his  fliield,  as  thicke  as  ftormie  ftiowre, 
'J'heir  ftrokes  did  raine ;  yet  did  he  never 

quaile, 
Ne    backward    flirinke ;    but    as   a   ftedfaft 

towre. 
Whom  foe  with  double  battrv  doth  afTaile, 
Them  on  her  bulwarke  beares,  and  bids  them 

nought  availe. 


XXXVI. 


So  ftoutly  he  wdthllood  their  ftrong  alTay ; 
Till  that  at  laft,  when  he  advantage  fpyde, 
His  poynant  fpeare  he  thruft  with  puiflant 

fway 
At  proud  Cymochles,  whiles  his  fhield  was 

wyde, 
That  through  his  thigh  the  mortall  fteele  did 

gryde : 


XXXV.  5.  For  on  hisjliidd,'\  This  emendation,  made  by 
the  firft  folio,  '\->  admitted  into  all  fiibl'equent  editions,  except 
that  of  1751,  which  reads,  with  Spenfer's  own  editions,  "  For 
in  his  Ihield."     Todd. 

XXXV.  7. but  as  ajledfajl  toivre,']     I  have  ob- 

ferved,  in  another  place,  that  Milton  probably  remembered 
Dante's  "  Sta,  come  tone  ferma,"  PitrgaL  C.  v.  li,  when  he 
faid  that  Satan  "  ftood  like  a  tower,"  Par.  L.  B.  i.  391. 
Spenfer's  fimile,  in  the  prefent  paflage,  might  not  have  been 
forgotten ;  although  indeed  IMilton  has  drawn  a  picture,  un- 
rivalled and  proudly  eminent.     Todd. 

XXXVI.  5. f//rf  gryde:]     Cut  or  ■pierce. 

See  the  note  on  gn'rfe,  Shep.  Cal. /'cft.    Todd, 


26  THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  BOOK  II. 

He,  fwar\'ing  with  the  force,  within  his  flefli 
Did   breake   the  launce,   and  let  the  head 

abyde : 
Out  of  the  wound  the  red  blood  flowed  frefli, 
That  underneath  his  feet  foone  made  a  purple 

plefli. 

XXXVII. 

Horribly  then  he  gan  to  rage  and  rayle. 

Curling  his   gods,     and    himfelfe   damning 

deepe : 
Als  when  his  brother  faw  the  red  blood  rayle 
Adowne  fo  fait,  and  all  his  armour  Iteepe, 
For  very  felnefle  lowd  he  gan  to  weepe, 

XXXVII.  2. himfelfe  damning  deepe:]     Thus 

^lacbeth  anticipates 

"  Curfes,  not  loud,  but  deep."     Todd. 

XXXVII.  3. the  red  blood  rayle,]     So  Spen- 

fer's  own  editions  read,  to  which  the  edition  of  1731,  and  Mr. 
Upton,  adhere.  The  rell  read  trai/lc ;  which  I  rejed,  not  only 
as  being  an  unauthorifed,  but  alio  as  a  very  mean,  expreflion. 
To  rail  is  often  uled  by  Spenfer  for  to  Jtoxc.  See  the  note  on 
F.  Q.  i.  vi.  4-3.  The  rhymes  here  are  indeed  the  fame  in  found, 
but  not  in  fenfe  ;  a  practice  not  infrequent  in  the  Italian  poets, 
and  in  the  Faerie  Quccne.  It  is  my  duty  refpectfully  to  notice 
the  improper  introduction  of  this  paflage  into  Dr.  Johnfon's 
Dictionarv,  as  an  illuftration  of  the  verb  trail ;  for  certainly 
trail  here  is  not  Spenfer's  word.     Todd. 

XXX^TI.  4. and  all  his  armour  Jleepe,]     Ob- 

fcrve  a^^ain  the  attention  of  Milton  to  his  mailer  ;  for  he  fays 
that,  from  the  wound  of  Satan, 

"  A  ftream  of  neclarous  humour  irfuintf  flow'd 
"  Sanguine,  fuch  as  celeftial  Spirits  may  bleed, 
"  And  all  his  armour  jlain'd."     Todd. 

XXX\  II.  5.  For  very  feinefTe  lo-wd  he  gan  fo  weepe,]  He 
cran  to  cry  aloud  for  very  ficrccncj'e.  The  rhyme,  Mr.  Upton 
obferves,  muft  excufe  the  catachreftical  ul'e  oi  weepe :  .-^.Tpsior?  I' 
w/xwl.-v,   Jl.y'.oGi.     TODD. 


CANTO  VIII.       THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  27 

And  faid ;  "  Caytive,  curfe  on  thy  crueli  hond. 
That  twife  hath  fpedd ;  yet  ihall  it  not  thee 

keepe 
From   the   thu*d    brunt    of    this    my   fatall 

brond  : 
Lo,  where  the  dreadfull   Death   behynd  thy 

backe  doth  Itond  !" 

XXXVIII. 

With  that  he   ftrooke,   and  th*  other  ftrooke 

withal), 
That  nothing  feemd  mote  beare  fo  monftrous 

might : 
The  one  upon  his  covered  fliield  did  fall, 
And  glauncing  downe  would  not  his  owner 

byte : 
But  th'  other  did  upon  his  troncheon  fmyte; 
Which  hewing  quite  afunder,  further  way 
It  made,  and  on  his  hacoueton  did  Ivte, 
The  which  dividing  with  importune  fway, 
Jt  feizd  in  his  right  lide,  and  there  the  dint  did 

ftay. 


XXXVII.  9-  Lo,ii:hcre  &:tj]  Spenfer  was  probably  thinking 
of  ibme  of  the  reprefentations  in  3V/e  Dance  of  Dtafh,  which 
thus  paint  the  tyrant  behind  the  man.  See  alio  the  poet's 
allufion  to  the  fame  defciiption,  Shep.  Cal.  Nov,     Todd. 

XXXVIII.  7. —  bacqueton]       j1  jacket 

icifhout  Jlceies,  according  to  the  Gloffary  m  Urry's  Chaucer  ; 
more  properly,  the  fluffed  jacket  worn  under  the  armour.  The 
Black  Prince's  Iiacqueton,  compofed  ci  quilttd  cotton,  is  yet 
to  be  feen  in  Canterbury  cathedral  The  hac(^ueton  was  fome- 
limes  made  of  leather.    Todd. 


28  THE  FAERIE  QUEEXE.  BOOK  11. 

XXXIX. 
Wyde  was  the  wound,  and  a  large  lukewarme 

flood, 
Red  as  the  rofe,  thence  gufhed  grievoufly ; 
That  when  the  Pajnym  fpyde  the  ftreaming 

blood, 
Gave  him  great  hart  and  hope  of  victory. 
On  th'  other  fide,  in  huge  perplexity 
The  Prince  now  ftood,  having  his  weapon 

broke  ; 
Nought  could  he  hurt,   but  ftill  at  warde 

did  ly : 
Yet  with  his  troncheon  he  fo  rudely  ftroke 
Cymochles  twife,  that  twife  him  forft  his  foot 

revoke. 

XL. 
Whom  when  the  Palmer  faw  in  fuch  diftrefle, 
Sir  Guyons  fvvord  he  lightly  to  him  raught, 
And  faid  ;  "  Fayre  fonne,  great  God   thy 

right  hand  bleffe. 
To  ufe  that  fword  fo  well  as  he  it  ought  !'* 

XL.  1.  IVhich  when  the  Palmer  faw  &c.]  Sprnfer  here 
plainly  had  Iloiner  in  view,  where  IMinerva  gives  Achilles  his 
fpear,  xiSe  ^'  "Enropot,  II.  x-  ^276'.  She  gave  kirn  his  fword  fa 
lightly,  that  Heftor  knew  not  of  it.  So  luturna  gives  Turnus 
his  fword,  who  had  broken  his  former  fword  on  the  Vulcanian 
arms  of  .^neas.     Upton. 

XL.  2. • raught,]     Reached,  from  reach; 

as  taught  from  teach  :  which  I  mention,  becauie  Hughes  has 
printed  it,  wrought.     Upton, 

XL.  4-.     fo  well  as  he  it  ought!]     That  is,  So 

well  as  the  owner  of  it  could  have  nf^d  it.     This  is  the  reading 


CANTO  VIII.       THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  29 

Glad  was  the  Knight,  and  with  frefli  courage 

fraught, 
When  as  againe  he  armed  felt  his  hond  : 
Then  like  a  lyon,  which  had  long  time  faught 
His  robbed  whelpes,  and  at   the  laft  them 
fond 
Emongft  the  fliepheard  fwaynes,  then  wexeth 

wood  and  yond  : 
XLI. 
So  fierce  he  laid  about  him,  and  dealt  blowes 
On  either  fide,  that  neither  mayle  could  hold, 
Ne  lliield  defend  the  thunder  of  his  throwes  : 
Now  to  Pyrochles  many  ftrokes  he  told  ; 
Eft  to  Cymochles  twife  fo  many  fold  ; 

of  the  firft  edition.  The  fecond  reads,  "  fo  "wifely  as  it  ought ;" 
and  is  followed  by  Hughes,  and  the  edition  of  1751.  The  fo- 
lios read,  "  fo  nifely  as  it  aught."     Church. 

By  the  laft  reading  Mr.  Upton  is  led  to  conjecture,  that  the 
poet  might  perhaps  have  intended  "  fo  wifely  as  itaiight" 
that  is,  as  thou  haft  been  taught  to  ufe  it.  Yet  he  has  admitted, 
into  his  text,  the  original  reading  ;  which  feems  to  me  the  moll 
judicious.  The  relative  -aho  is  underftood.  To  oice  is  to  own 
or  pojj'efs.  Thus  in  Afts  xxi.  II.  '-So  fliall  the  Jews  at  Jeru- 
falem  bind  the  man  that  oweth  this  girdle."  Tonfon's  edition 
of  1758  follows  the  fecond  edition,  "  fo  -wifeli/  as  it  ought;" 
•which  alters  the  fenfe  of  ought,  and  leaves  alfo  a  lefs  allowable 
elleipfis.     Todd. 

XL.  7- uhich  had  long  time  faught 

His  robbed  nhelpes,]  Perhaps  the  poet  was  thinking 
of  thefimile.  in  Scripture,  Prov.  xvii.  12.  "  Let  a  bear,  robbed 
of  her  whelps,  meet  a  man,  rather  than  a  fool  in  his  folly." 
See  alfo  Hqfea  xiii.  8.     Tcdd. 

XL.  9. wood  and  yond.]     Fierce  and  furious. 

See  the  note  on  wood,  F.  Q.  i.  iv.  34-.  And  yond  is  thus  ufed, 
F.  Q.  iii.  vii-  ?6.  where  fee  the  note.     Todd. 

XLL  5.     Eft]     Afterwards.     Church. 


:^0  THE  FAERIE  QUEEXE.      BOOK  IT. 

Then,  backe  againe  turning  his  bufie  bond. 
Them    both  attonce  compeld  ^vith  courage 

bold 
To  yield  uide  way  to  his  hart-thrilling  brond ; 
And  though  they  both  flood  ftifFe,  yet  could 

not  both  withftond. 
XLII. 
As  falvage  bull,  whom  two  fierce  maftives  bayt, 
When    rancour  doth   with    rage    him   once 

engore, 
Forgets  with  wary  warde  them  to  awayt. 
But  with  his  dreadfull   homes  them  drives 

afore, 
Or  flings  aloft,  or  treades  downe  in  the  flore. 
Breathing  out  wrath,  and  bellowing  difdaine, 
That  all  the  foreft  quakes  to  hear  him  rore : 
So  rag'd  Prince    Arthur   twixt  his  foemen 

twaine, 
That  neither  could  his  mightie  puiflaunce  fuf- 

taine. 

XLIII. 
But  ever  at  Pyrochles  when  he  fmitt, 

(Who  Guyons  (hield  caft  ever  him  before. 
Whereon  the  Faery  Queenes  pourtra6t  was 
writt,) 

XLII.  1.  As  falvage  bull,]  "  Come  toro  falvatico,"  Ari- 
ofto,  C.  xi.  42.     Upton. 

XLII.  2. • —  engore,]     From  en  and 

gore,  to  pierce,  to  prick,  to  make  bloody  or  gory.  See  alio 
F.  Q.  iii.  viii.  48,  iii.  x,  45,     Upton, 


CAXTO  VIII.       THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  31 

His  hand  relented  and  the  ftroke  forbore, 
And  his  deare  hart  the  pi6lure  gan  adore  ; 
Which  oft   the   Paynim    fav'd  from  deadly 

ftowre : 
But  him  henceforth  the  fame  can  fave   no 

more ; 
For  now  arrived  is  his  fatall  howre, 
That  no'te  avoided  be  by  earthly  (kill  or  powre. 

XLIV. 

For  when  Cymochles  faw  the  fowle  reproch, 
AVhich  them  appeached  ;  prickt  with  guiltie 

ftiame 
And  inward  griefe,  he  fiercely  gan  approch, 
Refolv'd  to  put  away  that  loathly  blame. 
Or  dye  with  honour  and  defert  of  fame  ; 
And  on  the  haubergh  flroke  the  Prince  fo 

fore. 
That  quite  difparted  all  the  linked  frame, 


XLIV.  Q.     appeached  ;]     Cejifured  or  impeached. 

See  the  note  on  appeached,  F.  Q.  v.  ix.  47.     Todd. 

XLIV.  6.     — haubergh]     A  coat  of  mail,  without 

ileeves,  made  of  plate  or  of  chain-mail:  See  the  next  line, 
"  That  quite  difparted  all  the  linked  frame"  See  alfo  the  note 
on  F.  Q.  i.  V.  4.  The  haubergh,  according  to  Chaucer,  was 
that  part  of  the  warriour's  drels  which  was  next  to  the  outward 
armour,  edit,  Urr.  p.  146, 

"  And  next  his  fliirt  an  haketon, 

"  And  ovir  that  an  habergeon — 

"  And  over  that  a  fine  hauberke 

*'  Was  all  iwrought  of  Jewis  werke, 

"  Full  ftrong  it  was  uf  plate. 

"  And  over  that  his  cote  armoure  - 

"  As  wlate  &c."     Todd. 


32  THE   FAERIE  QUEENE.  BOOK   II. 

And  pierced  to  the  ikin,  but  bit  no  more  ; 

Yet  made  him  twile  to  reele,  that  never  moov'd 

afore. 

XLV. 

Whereat  renfierft  with  wrath  and  fliarp  regret, 

He    ftroke    lb    hugely    Mith     his    borrowd 
blade, 

That  it  empierft  the  Pagans  burganet ; 

And,  cleaving  the  hard  Iteele,  did  deepe  in- 
vade 

Into  his  head,  and  cruel!  paflTage  made 

Quite  through  his    brayne :  He,   tombling 
downe  on  ground, 

Breath'd  out  his  ghoft,  which,  to  th'  infer- 
nall  fliade 

Faft  flvino'  there  eternall  torment  found 
For  all  the  linnes  wherewith  his  lewd  life  did 
abound. 


XLIV.  S. but  bit  no  more  ;]     So  the  fecond 

edition  reads,  to  which  every  fubfequent  edition  has  adhered, 
except  the  later  one  of  Hughes  and  that  of  Mr.  Church. 
They  conform  to  the  firft  edition,  "  but  bit  not  thore."  The 
word  thore  may  be  often  found  indeed  in  old  Englilh  poetry 
for  there ;  or  it  might  perhaps  have  been  here  intended  for 
thorough.  Yet  the  fecond  reading,  as  j\Ir.  Upton  obferves, 
feems  to  be  the  poet's  own  emendation  :  The  weapon  pierced 
to  the  (kin,  but  bit  or  wounded  no  more.  Mr.  Warton  alfo 
conforms  to  this  reading,  except  with  the  variation  of  not  for 
no.     See  his  Obf.  on  Faer.  Qu.  vol.  i.  p.  170.     Todd. 

XLV.  1. renfierft]     Reinforced,  again  made 

jferce  and  bold,     Upton. 

XLV.  3. burganet,]      Fr.   Buurguignote, 

a  Spanifh  murrion,  or  fteel  headpiece,     Chorch. 


tANTO  VIII.       THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  '  33 

XLvr. 

AVhicli  when  his  german  faw^  the  ftony  feare 

Ran  to  his  hart,  and  all  his  fence  diiniavd  ; 

Ne  thenceforth  hfe  ne  corage  did  appeare : 

But,  as  a  man  whom   helhlh  feendes  have 

frayd, 

Long  trembhng  ftill  he  ftoode ;  at  laft  thus 

fayd  ; 

"  Travtour,  what  haft  thou  doen  !  How  ever 

may 

Thy  curled  hand  fo  cruelly  have  fwayd 

Againft    that    Knight !     Harrow   and    well 

away  ! 

After  fo  wicked  deede  why  liv'ft  thou   lenger 

day  1" 

XLVII. 

AVith  that  all  defperate,  as  loathing  light, 
And  with  revenge  defyring  foone  to  dye, 
Aflembling  all  his  force  and  utmoft  might. 
With  his  owne  fwerd  he  fierce  at  him  did  flye, 
And  ftrookcj  and  foynd,  and  laflit  outrage- 
oufly,  - :   -      :  '-  - 

Withouten  reafon  or  regard.-    Well  knew 
The  Prince,  with  pacience'and  fufferaunce  fly, 


XLVI.  1.     '• ^/5  gernian]     His  JroMfr,  as  in  Virg. 

.Mn.  i.  346\ 

"  fed  regna  Tyri  germanus  habebat 

"  Pygmalion — "     Todd. 
XLVII.  4.     With  his  uuiie  fwerd]     With  the  Prince's  own 
fword  Morddure.     Church. 

VOL.  IV.  D 


^"t  trtE  FAERIE  QUEtXE.  BOOK  11. 

So  liafty  heat  foone  cooled  to  lubdew  : 
Tho,  when  this  breiithlelle  woxe,  that  batteil 
gan  renew. 

XLVIII. 
As  when  a  windy  tenipeft  bloweth  hye, 

That    nothing    may    withftand    his    ftormy 

(low  re, 
The  clowdes,  as  thinges  affray d,  before  him 

flye ; 
But,  all  lb  foone  as  his  outrageous  powre 
Is  layd,  they  fiercely  then  begin  to  lliowre  ; 
And,  as  in  fcorne  of  his  fpent  ftormy  fpight, 
Now  all  attonce  their  malice  forth  do  poure  : 
So  did  Prince  Arthur  beare  himfelfe  in  fight. 
And   fuffred    ralh    Pyrochles    wafte    his    ydle 

might. 

XLIX. 
At  lad  whenas  the  Sarazin  perceiv'd 

How  that  ftraunge  fword  refuld  to  ferve  his 
neede, 

XLVIl.  9.  Tho,  ■when  th\^  brcathleffi  woxe,  that  hatteile  gan 
renew.^  Then,  when  this  Paynim  grew  breathlefl'e,  that  Prince 
renewed  battle.  So  Spenfer's  own  editions,  and  the  folio  of 
16*09j  read ;  but  the  fubfequent  folios,  "  Tho,  when  he  &c." 

Upton. 

XLVIII.  8.     Prince  Arthur]     This  emendation, 

made  in  the  firft  folio,  is  followed  by  every  fubfequent  edition, 
except  that  of  17^1,  which  conforms  to  the  overlooked  miftake 
of  the  poet's  own  editions,  viz.  Sir  Guyon,  Mr.  Upton  has 
obferved,  that  it  is  no  unufual  thing  for  proper  names  to  be 
written  wrong,  with  a  feeming  kind  of  corrertnefs.  Thus  Clean 
for  Timun,  F.  Q.  i.  ix.  9.  Scudamore  for  Blandamour,  F.  Q. 
iv.  iv.  3o,  &c.     Todd. 


CANTO  VI II.       THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  S5 

But,  when  he  ftroke  moft  ftrong,  the  dint 

deceiv'd ; 
He  flong  it  from  him  ;  and,  devoyd  of  dreed, 
Upon  him  hghtly  leaping  without  heed 
Twixt  his  two  mighty  armes  engrafped  fait, 
Thinkins:  to    overthrowe    and   downe    him 

tred : 
But  him   in  ftrength   and  fkill   the   Prince 
furpaft, 
And  throuo-h  his  nimble  fleiirht  did  under  him 
down  caft. 

L. 
Nought  booted  it  the  Paynim  then  to  ftrive  ; 
For  as  a  bittur  in  the  eagles  clawe. 
That  may  not  hope  by  flight  to  fcape  alive, 
Still  waytes  for  death  with  dread  and  trem- 
bling aw ; 
So  he,  now  fubie6t  to  the  vi6tours  law. 
Did  not  once  move,  nor  upward  caft  his  eye, 
For  vile  difdaine  and   rancour,    which  did 
gnaw 

XLIX.  2.     that  Jraurige  faord]     That   is,  the  fword 

that  was  not  his  own.     Church. 

XLIX.  3.  But,  vihen  heftroke  wojljirong,  the  dint  deceiv'd  ;] 
The  impreffion  made  by  the  fword,  or  force  with  which  he 
ftroke,  deceived  him ;  for  it  did  not  wound  its  true  mafter.  See 
ft.  21.  The  Sarazin's  flinging  away  his  fword,  and  leaping 
upon  Prince  Arthur,  is  not  unlike  what  Homer  writes  of  Me- 
nelaus  thus  feizing  on  Paris,  5  x^  Ivcd^a^  >t3fv9o?  haf^tv,  II.  y.  369. 
Compare  Hkewife  the  combat  between  Tancred  aad  Argante, 
Taffo,  C.  xix.  17.     Upton. 

D  2 


S6  THE    FAEllIE    QUEENE.  BOOK  tl, 

IJi^  hart  111  twaine  with  fad  mchincholy; 
As  one  that  loathed  hfe,  and  yet  defpysd  to 
dye. 

LI. 

l>Lit,  full  of  princely  bounty  and  great  mind, 
The  Conqueror  nought  cared  him  to  Hay ; 
But,  calling  wronges  and  all  revenge  behind, 
jVIore  glory  thought  to  give  life  then  decay, 
And  fayd ;    "   Payiiim,    this   is  thy  difmall 

day  ; 
Yet  if  thou  wilt  renounce  thy  mifcreaunce, 
And  my  trew  liegeman  yield  thyfelfe  for  ay, 
Life  will  1  grauiit  thee  for  thy  valiaunce. 

And  all  thy  wronges  will  wipe  out  of  my  fove- 

naunce." 

LII. 
"  Foole,"  fayd  the  Pagan,  "  I  thy  gift  defye ; 
]3ut  ui'e  thy  fortune,  as  it  doth  befall ; 
And  fa}',  that  I  not  overcome  doe  dye. 
But  in  defpight  of  life  for  death  doe  call." 

L-  8. uithfad  melaricholy,]    See  the 

note  on  mclanchuli/y  tlius  accented,   F.  Q.  i.  v.  3.     'J'odd. 

LII.  2.     But  ul'e  thy  forlune,  as  it  doth  befall  ;\    "  The  young 

knight,  difdaining  to   buy  hfe  with  yielding,    bad  him  vfe  his 

fortune ;  for  he  was  refolved  never  to  yield."   Sidney's  Arcadia, 

p.  C70.     Compare   the   duel  between  Tancred    and   Argante, 

where  the  Pagan  has  tlie  fame  exprellion,  Taflb,  C.  xix.  22. 

"   Ufa  la  forte  tiia,  che  nulla  io  temo." 
See  alfo  Sil.  Ital.  xv.  801. 

"  Contra  Sidonius,  leto  non  terreor  ullo, 
"   I'terc  Marie  tuo." 
And  Virgil,  "  Ulere  forte  tud,"    JEn.  xii.  932,   whom   all  the 
above-menlioned  poets  fcem  to  have  imitated,-    Uptox. 


CANTO  VIII.       THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  .1? 

Wroth  was  the  Prince,  and  i'ory  yet  withall, 
That  he  io  wilfully  refufed  grace ; 
Yet,  fith  his  fate  fo  cruelly  did  fall, 
His  (liinlng  helmet  he  gan  foone  unlace, 
And  left  his  headlellle   body  bleeding  all  the 

place. 

LIII. 
By  this.  Sir  Guy  on  from  his  traunce  awakt, 
liife  having  mayftered  her  fenceleffe  foe ; 
And  looking  up,  whenas  his  fliield  he  lakt 
And  fword  faw  not,  he  wexed  wondrous  woe  : 
But  when  the  Palmer,  whom  he  long  ygoe 
Had  loft,  he  by  him  fpyde,  right  glad  he  grew. 
And  fdide ;  "  Deare  Sir,  whom  wandring  to 
and  fro 


LIII.  4. /le  wexed  wondrous  woe  :]     That  is, 

■eery  fad.  Anglo-Sax.  IBaa,  ?«rt;/??/5.   So  Cliaucer,  Jiow.  J\o/e,  312. 
"  Was   never  wight  yet   hall"  fo  icoe."     And   in  the    Wife  of 
Bathes  Tale,  gi3.     "   JVo  was    the  knight."     Dryden,  in  his 
poetical  verfion,  has  kept  this  old  exprellion,  "   (Foe  was  the 
knight  at  this  i'evere  command."     Upton. 

LIII.  7, Deare  Sir,]     SoIIughes's  [firft]  edition, 

and  the  folio  of  l679.  But  it  ought  to  be  "  Deare  Sire."  In 
this  canto  the  Palmer  is  often  called  Sire,  as  alio  in  other 
cantos  in  this  book.     Joktin. 

At  the  end  of  the  preceding  canto,  Guyon  is  reprefented  as 
falling  into  a  fwoon.  When  he  recovers,  and  finds  the  Palmer 
(from  whom  he  had  long  been  feparated)  Itanding  by  him,  he 
very  affedtionately  cries  out  Dear  Sir  !  which,  to  my  ear  af 
leall,  has  a  more  tender  effect  than  Dear  Sire.  ■  All  the  edi- 
tions read  Sir,  except  Hughes's  fecond  edition,  which  gives 
Sire.     Church. 

The  word  is  originally  the  fame,  whether  written  Sir  or  Sire. 
See  Menage,  v.  Sire.  Yet  it  may  admit  of  a  doubt,  whether 
Spenfer  did  not  intend   to  dillinguilh   this   reverend  Palmer. 

D  3 


38  THE  KAEllIE  QUEENE.  BOOK  II. 

I  long  have  lackt,  I  ioy  thy  face  to  vew  ! 
Firnie  is  thy  faith,  whom  daunger  never  fro  me 
drew. 

LIV. 
"  But  read  what  wicked  hand  hath  robbed  me6 
Of  my  good  fword  and  Ihield  ?"  The  Palmer, 

glad 
With  fo  frefli  hew  upryfing  him  to  fee. 
Him  anfwered ;  "  Fayre  fonne,  be  no  whit  fad 
For  want  of  weapons ;   they  Ihall  foone  be 

had.'* 
So  gan  he  to  difcourfe  the  whole  debate, 
A\  hich  that  flraunge  Knight  for  him  fuftained 

had. 
And  thofe  two  Sarazins  confounded  late. 
Whole  carcafes  on  ground  were  horribly  prof- 
trate. 

LV. 

Which  when  he  heard,  and  faw  the  tokens  trew, 
His  hart  with  great  aft"e6lion  was  embayd, 

from  the  Knights,  by  the  addrefs  of  Sire,  and  not  Sir ;  for 
this  Palmer,  in  the  hiftorical  view  of  the  poem,  alludes  per- 
haps to  Archbifliop  Whitgift,  formerly  tutor  of  the  Earl  of 
Efl'ex,  imaged  in  Sir  Guyon.  Vet  the  boatman,  addrefling  the 
Palmer,  fays  "  iS7r  Palmer,"  F.  Q.  ii.  xii.  18.     Upton. 

LIV.  6,     ■ debate,]     Fig/it.     See 

the  note  on  debate,  F.  Q.  vi.  viii.  13.     Todd. 

LIV.  9. proftrate.]      Projlratc, 

accented  on  the  laft  fyllable,  often  occurs  in  Spenfer ;  and 
from  this  ufage  Milton  adopted  it,  P.  L.  B.  vi.  841.     Todd. 

LV.  2. • —  embayd,]    Delighted, 

See  the  note  on  embay,  F.  Q.  ii.  xii.  60.    Todd. 


CANTO  VIII.       THE  FAERIE  QUi-EXE.  39 

And  to  the  Prince,  with  bowing  reverence 

dew, 
As  to  the  patrone  of  his  hfe,  thus  ffiyd  ; 
"  My  Lord,  my  Liege,  by  whofe  moft  gra- 

tious  ayd 
1  live  this  day,  and  fee  my  foes  fubdewd, 
What  may  fuffice  to  be  for  meede  repayd 
Of  fo  great  graces  as  ye  have  me  fhewd, 
But  to  be  ever  bound"  — 

LVI. 
To  whom  the  Infant  thus ;  "  Favre  Sir,  what 
need 
Good  turnes  be  counted,  as  a  fervile  bond, 
To  bind  their  dooers  to  receive  their  meed  ? 
Are  not  all  Knightes  by  oath  bound  to  with- 
flond 


LV.  3.  And  to  the  Prince,  with  bowing  reverence  de-LV,^  So 
intended  to  be  corrected  in  the  lift  of  Errata,  fubjoined  to  the 
firft  edition,  which  reads  -with  boxiing,  and  which  is  noticed 
among  the  errours  thus,  uith  boning  boning;  apparently  di- 
reding  the  order  of  the  words  to  be  inverted.  Compare  the 
fimilar  expreffions,  noticed  by  Dr.  Jortin,  F.  Q.  i.  x.  44,  ii. 
ix.  26'  and  36,  iv,  ii.  23,  &c.  Milton,  as  Mr.  Church  ob- 
ferves,  might  have  had  this  pafl'age  in  his  recolledion.  Par. 
Lojl,  B.  iii.  736,  &c.  and  B.  v.  358,  &c.  I  may  add  an  earlier 
teftimony  of  Milton's  attention  to  it  in  his  Arcades,  ver.  37. 
"  Whom  with  low  reverence  I  adore  as  mine."     Todd. 

LV.  9.     But  to  be  ever  bound ]     I  am  inclined  to   think 

that  the  poet  never  intended  to  fill  up  this  hemiftich.  The 
fpeech  of  Sir  Guyon  is  plainly  unfiniflied  :  The  Prince  breaks 
in  upon  him,  Faire  Sir,  &:c.     Church. 

LVI.  1.     the  Lifant]     That  is,  the  Prince,     See 

the  note  on  Infant,  F.  Q.  vi.  viii.  25.     Todd. 

D  4 


40  THE  FAKRIE  QUEENE.     BOOK  IJ. 

OpprelTburs   powre   by  amies    and    puiirant 

bond  ? 
Suffife,  that  I  have  done  my  dew  in  place." 
So  goodly  purpofe  tbey  together  fond 
Of  kindnefie  and  of  courteous  aggrace  ; 
The  whiles  falfe  Archimage  and  Atin  fled  apace. 

L^'I.  8.     — —  aggrace  ;}     Favour^ 

yindnefs.     Ital.  aggratiare.     Upton. 


CANTO  IX.         THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  41 


CANTO    IX. 

The  Houfc  of  Temperaunce,  in  which 
Doth  fober  Alma  chvell, 

Bcjiegd  of  many  foes,  who7}i  Jim  ling- 
er Knightes  to  flight  compell, 

I. 

OF  all  Gods  workes,   ^vhicll  doe  this  worlde 

adorne, 
There  is  no  one  more  faire  and  excellent 
Then  is  mans  body,  both  for  powre  and  forme, 
Whiles  it  is  kept  in  fober  government ; 
But  none  then  it  more  fowle  and  indecent, 
Diitempred    through    mifrule    and    paffions 

bace ; 
It  grows  a  monfter,  and  incontinent 
Doth  lofe  his  dignity  and  native  grace : 
Behold,  who  lift,  both  one  and  other  in  this  place. 

Aug.  4.     to  flight  CO w/jc//.]     That  is,  put  to  flight. 

So  the  firlt  edition,  Hughes's  fecond  edition,  and  the  edition 
of  1751,  read.  Spenler's  fecond  edition,  the  folios,  and 
Hughes's  firft  edition,  read  "  to^'"//^  compell."     Church. 

INIr.  Upton's  edition,  and  Tonfon's  edition  of  1758,  conform 
p,lfo  to  the  original  reading,  ^/g7*f.     Todd. 

I.  5. indecent,]    Mr.  Church  here 

obferves  that  the  firft  edition  reads  invedent ;  but  he  fliould 
have  added  that  the  word  is  corrected,  in  the  Errata,  indecent. 

Todd. 

I.  p. in  this  place.]     That  is,  in  the 

pppofite  charaders  of  Prince  Arthur  and  the  Two  Brethren. 

Church. 


42  THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  BOOK  II. 

ir. 

After  the  Paynim  brethren  conquer'd  were, 
The  Briton  Prince  recov'ring  his  ftolne  fword. 
And  Guyon  his  loft  ihield,  they  both  yfere 
Porth  paffed  on  their  way  in  fayre  accord. 
Till  him  the  Prince  with  gentle  court  did 

bord ; 
*'  Sir  Knight,  mote  I  of  you  this  court'sy  read. 
To  weet  why  on  your  fliiold,  fo  goodly  fcord, 
Beare  ye  the  pi6lure  of  that  Ladies  head  ? 

Full  lively  is  the  femblaunt,   though  the  fub-* 

ftance  dead/' 

III. 
"  Fayre  Sir,"  fayd  he,  "  if  in  that  pi6lure  dead 
Such  life  ye  read,  and  vertue  in  vaine  fliew ; 
What  mote  ye  weene,  if  the  trew  lively-head 
Of  that  moft  glorious  vifage  ye  did  vew  ! 
But  yf  the  beauty  of  her  mind  ye  knew. 
That  is,  her  bounty,  and  imperiall  powre, 
Thoufand  times  fairer  then  her  mortall  hew, 
O  I  how  great  wonder  would  your  thoughts 
devoure. 
And  infinite  delire  into  your  fpirite  poure  ! 

II.  9.  Full  lively  &c.]  That  is,  the  features  are  highly 
animated,  though  the  fubltancc  of  which  the  pidure  is  made  is 
inanimate.  Mr.  Ilcarne,  in  his  Gloff.  to  Robert  of  Gloucefler's 
Chronicle,  obferves,  that  the  word  femhlant  was  very  properly 
ufed  of  Ladies  with  very  fine  faces.  Hence,  says  he,  Robert 
of  Brunne,  in  his  Chronicle,  speaking  of  king  Arthur's  queen  : 
"  Of  body  was  fcho  avenant,  [comely,] 
"  Faire  countenance  with  iuttefembtant."     Church. 


CANTO  IX.     THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  43 

IV. 

"  She  is  the  mighty  Queene  of  Faer^-, 

AVhofe  taire  retraitt  I  in  my  fliield  doe  beare  ; 
Shee  is  the  flowre  of  grace  and  chaftity. 
Throughout   the  world   renowmed   far  and 

neare, 
My  Life,    my   Liege,   my    Soveraine,   my 

Deare, 
AVhofe  glory  fliineth  as  the  morning  ftarre, 
And  with  her  light  the  earth  enlumines  cieare ; 
Far  reach  her  mercies,  and  her  praifes  farre. 

As  well  in  ftate  of  peace,  as  puillaunce  in  warre/* 

V. 
*'  Thrife   happy  man,"   faid  then    the  'Briton 
Knight, 
"  Whom  gracious  lott  and  thy  great  valiaunce 
Have  made   thee   foldier  of  that   Princeffe 

bright, 
Which  with  herbount}' and  glad  countenaunce 
Doth  blefie  her  fervaunts,  and  them  high 

advaunce ! 
How  may  (iraunge  Knight  hope  ever  toafpire, 
By  faithfull  fervice  and  meete  amenaunce, 

IV.  2. retraitt]    Ficiure,  portrait.    Ital.  ritratto. 

Church. 

IV.  7.     ■ enlumines]     Chaucer's  word. 

See  the  note  on  enrnoxed,  F.  Q.  i.  ix.  48.     Todd. 

V.  3.  Have  made  ihet.  foldier]  This  is  the  more  perfpicuous 
reading  of  Spenfer's  own  editions,  which  the  folios  have  con- 
verted into  "  a  foldier  ;"  but  have  milled  no  fubi'equent  editor, 
except  Hughes.     Todd. 


44-  THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  BOOK  II. 

Unto  fiicli  blille  ?  fufiicient  were  that  hire 
For  lolTe  of  thoufand  lives,  to  die  at  her  delire." 

VI. 

Said  Guyon,    "  Noble  Lord,    what  meed  fo 
great, 
Or  grace  of  earthly  Prince  fo  foveraine, 
But  by  your  wondrous  worth  and  warlike  feat 
Ye  well  may  hope,  and  eafely  attaine  ? 
But  were  vour  w  ill  her  fold  to  entertaine. 
And  numbred  be  mongfi  Knights  of  May- 

denhed. 
Great  guerdon,  well  I  wote,  fliould  you  re- 

.maine. 
And  in  her  favor  high  bee  reckoned. 
As  Arthegall  and  Sophy  now  beene  honored." 

All. 

"  Certes,"  then  faid  the  Prince,  "  I  God  avow. 
That  fith  I  amies  and  knighthood  firft  did 

plight. 
My  whole  defire  hath  beene,  and  yet  is  now. 
To  ferve  that  Queene  with  al  my  powre  and 


might. 


VI,  5.  But  uere  your  uill  her  fold  to  entertaine,]  To  re- 
ceive her  paij.     Fr.  fotdc,  a  foldier's  pay.     Church. 

M.  9.  Arthegall  and  Sophy]  Arthegall  and  Suphi/  are 
mentioned  here,  to  raife  a  curiofity  of  further  inquiry  in  the 
reader  ;  which  curiofity  the  poet  intended  to  anfwer  hereafter  : 
Arthegall  we  fhall  read  of  often  ;  and  Sophy  I  make  no  doubt 
was  intended  to  be  the  liero  of  feme  other  book  in  this  poem  : 
he  was  the  fon  of  king  Gulicke  of  Norlhwales.  See  Drayton's 
rolyolOion,  Song  xxiv,     Li'TOX. 


CANTO  IX.  THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  45 

Now  hath  tlie  funne  with  his  lamp-burning 

ho;ht 
Walkt  round  about  the  world,  and  I  no  leiTe, 
Sith  of  that  Goddefle  I  have  fought  the  fight, 
Yet  no  where  can  her  find:  fuch  happinelTe 
Heven  doth  to  me  envy  and  fortune  favourlefle."* 

VIII. 

"  Fortune,  the  foe  of  famous  chevifaunce, 

VII.  5.  Now  hath  the  funne  kc.']  This  is  the  reading  of 
Spenfer's  fecond  edition,  and  of  the  folios.  One  year  is  pajl, 
feys  Prince  Arthur,  Hnce  I  have  been  feeking  the  Faerie 
Queene.  That  this  is  the  true  reading,  appears  plain  frona 
F.  Q.  i.  ix.  15.     The  poet's  firit  edition  reads, 

"  Seven  times  the  funne  with  his  lamp-burning  light 
*'  Hath  walkt  about  the  world,  and  I  no  leffe, 
"  Sith  of  that  Goddelfe  &c."     Upton. 
The  Prince  is  told  afterwards,  that  he  has  been  three  years 
in  purfuit  of  the   Faerie  Queene,  Ih  38,  according  to  the  firil 
edition;  tweke  months,  according  to   the  fecond.     In  the  p re- 
lent paflage,  the  reading  of  Spenler's  fecond  edition  beft  agrees 
with  what  the   Prince  fays,  F.  Q.  i.  ix.  15.     "  ^yne  7nonths  I 
leek    in  vaine  &c."     But  I   cannot  think   the   alttiation  was 
made  by  our  poet.     And  I  no  Icjj'e  feems  improper,  unlefs  the 
fun  had  more  revolutions  than  one.     The  reader  will  pleafe  to 
take  notice,  that  Spenfer  always  fpeaks  of  the  heavenly  bodies 
according  to  the  fyitem  of  Ptolomy,  who  fuppofed  the  fun  to 
revolve  round  the  earth  in  the  fpace  of  year.     Church. 

I  think  with  INIr.  Upton,  that  the  fecond  edition  prefents  the 
true  reading.  Tonfon's  edition  of  1758  alfo  follows  it.  Todd. 
VIII.  1.  Fortune,  the  foe  of  famous  chevifaunce,]  Chevi- 
faunce is  enterprife,  from  the  Fr.  chevijjaunce.  See  note  on 
F.  Q.  iii.  xi.  24.  Tiie  fentiment  exprefled  in  this  line  refembles 
the  following  paflage,  as  IMr.  Upton  has  noticed  in  Seneca's 
Here.  Fur.  ver.  5'23. 

"  O  Fortuna,  viris  inxidiafortibvs, 
"  Quam  non  a?qua  bonis  pra;mia  dividis  !" 
And  in  Statins,  Thcb.  x.  3S4-. 

"  Invida  Fata  piis,  et  Fors  ingentibus^  aufs   . 
"  J{ara  comes." 
Andjn   'S\<\ney^  Arcadia,  p.  102,     "  Lady,  liow  falls  it  out 


-'"s 


46        "  THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  BOOK  II. 

"  Selclom,"  laid  Guyon,  "  yields  to  vertue 

aide, 
But  in  her  way  throwes  mifchiefe  and  mif- 

chaunce, 
Whereby  her  courfe  is  ftopt  and  paflage  ftaid. 
But  you,  faire  Sir,  be  not  herewith  difmaid. 
But  coniuint  keepe  the  way  in  which  ye  ftand  ; 
AMiich  were  it  not  that  I  am  els  delaid 
\\'ith  hard  adventure,  which  I  have  in  hand, 
I  labour  would  to  guide  you  through  al  Fary 

land." 

IX. 
"  Gramercy  Sir,"  faid  he  ;  "  but  mote  I  weete 
What  ftraunge  adventure  doe  ye  now  puriew  ? 
Perhaps  my  lliccour  or  advizement  meete 

that  you,  in  whom  all  virtue  fliines,  will  take  the  patronage  of 
Furtune,  the  oiily  rtbeUious  handmaid  aga'uift,  virtue."     Probably 
there  maybe  here  an  allufion  alfo  to  a  popular  ballad,  entitled 
Furtune  nil/ foe;  to  which  Shakfpeare  has  certainly  alluded  in 
the   Merry  IVi'ces  of  Wind/or,  and  of  which  INIr.  Malone  has 
printed,  in  a  noteon  the  paflage,  the  firft  ftanza,  A.  iii.  S.  iii. 
This  ballad  is  mentioned  in  Chettle's  Kind  harts  dreanie,  159?  ; 
and  lb  hinted  at  in  Gabriel  Hervey's  Foure  Letters,  of  the  fame 
date.  The  old  ballad  of  The  moft  cruel  Murther  of  Edw.  V.  &c. 
is  diredted  to  be  fung  to  the  tune  of  Fortune  my  foe.     Sir  Robert 
Naunton,  in  his  Fragmenta  Regalia,  thus  alfo  affords  a  proper 
comment  on   Spenfer's  verfe,  where  he    fpeaks  of    the  brave 
Raleigh  :  "■  Thofe  that  he   relyed  on,  began   to  take  this  his 
fuddain  favour  for  an  allarum,  "and  to  be  fenfible  of  their  own 
fupplantation,  and  to  projeft  his,  which  made  him  Ihortly  after 
fing.  Fortune  my  foe,  &:c."     Todd. 

iX.  I.     ^^ but  mote  I  weete]     So  the  edition 

of  1751,  Tonfon' s  edition  of  1758,  and  Upton's,  rightly  read. 
The  reft  follow  Spenfer's  own  editions,  which,  by  a  manifeft 
errour  of  the  prefs,  give  wofe.     Todd. 


CANTO  IX.  THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  47 

Mote  (lead  you  much  your  purpofe  to  fubdew." 
Then  gan  Sir  Guyon  all  the  Itory  ftiew 
Of  falle  Acralia,  and  her  wicked  wiles  ; 
Which  to  avenge,  the  Palmer  him  forth  drew 
From  Faery  Court.     So  talked  they,    the 
whiles 
They  wafted  had  much  way,  and  meafurd  many 

miles. 

X. 
And  now  faire  Phoebus  gan  decline  in  hafte 
His  weary  wagon  to  the  wefterne  vale, 
AVhenas  they  fpide  a  goodly  Caftle,  plafte 
Fore  by  a  river  in  a  plealaunt  dale ; 
Which  choohng  for  that  evenings  hofpitale, 
They  thether  marcht :  but  when  they  came 

in  fight. 
And  from  their  fweatv  courfers  did  avale. 
They  found  the  gates  faft  barred  long  ere 
night. 
And  every  loup  faft  lockt,  as  fearing  foes  de- 
fpight. 

X.  5. ^ hofpitale,]     Inn.    Lat.  hofpi- 

tiolum.     Church. 

X.  7- —^  from  \k\€\x  fweuty  courfer&\    Sir  Guyon's 

liorfe  was  ftolen.  and  he  does  not  iay  how  he  got  another. 
Their  muft  include  Sir  Guyon,  as  well  as  Prince  Arthur  and 
his  Squire.  There  are  fome  few,  in  this  poem,  of  thefe  kind 
of  inaccuracies,  if  palling  over  little  circumftances  may  be  fo 
called.  And  perhaps  the  mentioning  them  may  appear  as 
trifling,  as  the  inaccuracies  themfelves.     Upton. 

Ibid.     -^ avale,]     Come  dov:n, 

difmount.  Fr.  avaller.  See  the  note  on  avayles,  Shep.  Cal, 
Feb.     Todd. 


(( 


4S  THE   FAERIE  QUEEN  E.  BOOK  II. 

XI. 

AVliicli  when  they  faw,  they  weened  fowle  rcproch 
A\  as  to  them  doen,  their  cntraunce  to  forltall ; 
Till  that  the  Squire  gan  niglier  to  approch, 
And  wind  his  home  under  the  Caftle  wall, 
That  with  the  noife  it  (liooke  as  it  would  fall. 
Eftibones  forth  looked  from  the  higheit  fpire 
The  Watch,  and  lowd  unto  the  Knights  did 

call, 
To  weete  what  they  fo  rudely  did  require : 

Who    gently  anfwered,    They   entraunce    did 
dehre. 

XII. 

Fly  fly,  good  Knights,"  faid  he,   "  fly  fafi: 

away, 
If  that  your  lives  ye  love,  as  meete  ye  fliould  ; 
Fly  fail:,  and  fave  yourfelves  from  neare  decay ; 


XI.  4.  ^nd  u'lnd  his  hornc'\  See  F.  Q.  i.  viii.  3,  where  the 
bus.le  horn  breaks  the  enchantment  at  a  linele  blalt.  Concerning 
'other  ufes,  to  which  the  bugle  horn  was  applied,  I  refer  tlve 
reader  to  Mr.  NValker's  Ilijlorical  Memoirs  of  the  Irijk  Bards, 
4to.  Dubl.  1786,  pj).  85,  S6 ;  but  I  will  not  omit  his  judicious 
oblervations  on  what  concerns  the  application  of  it  in  the  pre- 
fent  fenfe.  "  Sometimes  we  difcover  it,  in  the  Gothic  ro- 
mances, hanging  oier  the  entrance  of  cajlles,  on  the  blowing  of 
which  by  an  hafty  courier,  or  a  wandering  knight,  the  porter 
appears  at  the  battlements,  and  inquires,  whence  the  Itranger 
— his  errand — and  the  nature  of  the  bufinefs. — May  we  not 
fuppofe,  that  the  bugle  horn  was  fometimes  fufpended  over  the 
entrances  of  thofe  Itately  caftles  which  are  now  "  nodding  to 
their  fall"  in  many  parts  of  this  kingdom  (i.  c.  Ireland)  ?  For 
the  fictions  of  roinanticlv  chivalry  have,  for  their  bafis,  the  real 
manners  of  the  feudal  times;  and  fuch  times  undoubtedly 
there  were  i.) //"c/flz/f/.     Todu. 


CANTO  IX.         THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  49 

Here  may  ye  not  have  entraunce,  though  we 

would : 
We  would  and   would   againe,    if  that  we 

could ; 
But  thoufand  enemies  about  us  rave, 
And  with  long  fiege  us  in  this  Caftle  hould  : 
Seven  yeares  this  wize  they  us  belieged  have, 
And  many  good  Knights  flaine  that  have  us 

fought  to  fave/' 

XIII. 
Thus  as  he  fpoke,  loe  !  with  outragious  cry 
A  thoufand  Villeins  rownd  about  them  fwarmd 
Out  of  the  rockes  and  caves  adioyning  nye  ; 
Vile  caitive  wretches,  ragged,  rude,  deformd. 
All  threatning  death,  all  in  ftraunge  manner 

armd ; 


XII.  8.  Seven  yeares  this  -wize  they  us  befieged  have,"]  See  the 
firft  ftanza,  where  the  poet  opens  the  allegory :  Nor  has  tlie 
reader  any  occafion  to  be  put  in  mind,  that  this  Caftle  is  the 
human  body,  and  Alma  the  mind ;  and  that  this  mifcreated 
troop  of  befiegers  are  vain  conceits,  idle  imaginations,  foul 
defires,  &c.  Compare  Orl.  Fur.  C.  vi.  59-  Or  rather  Plato  De 
Reptib.  Lib.  viii,  where  he  mentions  the  perturbed  aftedions 
feizing  on  the  citadel  of  the  youthful  foul,  t?)?  >]/«%?;  ky-^oicohiv. 
Alma's  caftle,  or  ftrong  hold.  Spenfer  fays  ^^  J'eiai  years," 
perhaps,  in  allufion  to  the  fevefi  ages  of  the  world.  1ft  age, 
From  Adam  to  Noah.  2d,  To  Abraham.  3d,  From  Abraham 
to  the  departure  of  Ifrael  out  of  Egypt.  4th,  To  the  building 
of  the  temple.  5th,  To  the  captivity  of  Babylon.  6th,  To 
the  birth  of  our  Saviour.  7th,  From  the  birth  of  our  Saviour 
to  the  end  of  the  world.  Or  perhaps  the  number  /even  has 
a  particular  reference  to  the  various  ftages  of  man's  life. 
Confult  Cenforinus  De  Die  Nat.  cap.  vii,  and  cap.  xiv.  And 
Jikewife  Macrob.  In  Som?t.  Scip,  i.  vi.     Uptom. 

VOL.  IV.  E 


5ft,'  THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  BOOK  II.  . 

Som-^  with  unweldy  clubs,  fome  with  long 

fpeares, 
Some  rafty  knives,  fome  ftaves  in  fier  warmd  : 
Sterne  was  their  looke;    like   wild  amazed 

flea  res, 
Staring  with  hollow  eies,  and  ftiffe  upftanding 

heares. 


XIII.  6,     Sonie  with  uimeldy  cliths,  fome  tcith  long  fpeares. 
Some  rufly  knives,  &c.]      Statius,   Theb.  iv,  6'4. 
"  Pars  gefa  manu,  pars  robora  flainmis 

*'  Indurata  diu." 
See   alfo   Q.  Curtius,    iii.  2.     Virgil,    ^n.  vii.  523.     Arrian, 
Jndic.  c,  24.     Jortin. 
.  XIII.  7.     Some  rufty  knives,]     So,  in  F.  Q.  i.  iv.  35. 

"  Bitter  Defpight  with  Rancours  n/jUe  knife." 
Again,  F.  Q.  ii.  iv.  44'. 

"  When  Rancour  rife 

"  Kindles  revenge,  and  threats  his  rujiie  knife,'' 
Again,  of  a  wound,   F.  Q.  i.  ix,  36. 

"  In  which  a  ruftie  knife  faft  fixed  ftood." 
The  fteeds  of  Night  are  defcribed  champing  "  their  rvjlie  bits," 
F.  Q.  i.  V.  20.  The  word  riiftie  feeins  to  have  conveyed  the 
idea  of  fomewhat  very  loathl'ome  and  horrible  to  our  author. 
In  Virgil's  Gnat,  he  applies  it  to  Horror,  11.  56".  I  will  hence 
take  occafion  to  correct  a  palTage  in  Chaucer,  in  his  charader. 
of  the  Reve,  Prolog,  ver.  620. 

"  And  by  his  fide  he  bare  a  rvftie  blade :" 
I  do  not  perceive  the  cdnfiltency  of  the  Reve's  wearing  a  rtijlie 
fword  ;  I  Ihould  rather  be  inchned  to  think  that  the  poet 
wrote  "  tnijlie  blade."  But  this  alteration  will  perhaps  be 
difapproved  by  thofe  who  recoiled,  that  Chaucer,  in  another 
paffage,  has  attributed  the  epithet  rvjty  to  the  fword  of  Mars, 
Tejl.  of  Crejf.  188. 

"  And  in  his  hand  he  had  a  rufty  fword."     T.  Warton. 

Ibid.     " fome  ftaves  infer  warmd.]     Staves, 

"  ambuftas  fine  cufpide,"  as  Silius  Italicus  expreflfes  it,  L.  vi. 
550.  Bufbequius,  in  his  account  of  the  Colchians,  fays,  their 
common  foldiers  had  no  other  arms  but  arrowes  or  flakes 
burnt  at  one  end,  or  great  wooden  clubs.     Upton. 


CAJfTOJX.  THE  FAERIE  QUEEXE.  5-] - 

__ .    ,.xiv. 

rierfly  at  firft  thofe  Knights  they  did  aflajle. 
And  drove  them  to  recoile  :  but,  when  againe 
They  gave  frelh  charge,  their  forces  gan  to 

%le,  ... 

Unhable  their  encounter  to  fuftaine ; 
For  with  fuch  puiiTaunce  and  impetuous  maine 
Thofe  Champions  broke  on  them,  that  forft 

them  fly, 
Like  fcattered  (heepe,  whenas  the  ihepherds 

fwaine 
A  Hon  and  a  tigre  doth  efpy.e  - 
With  greedy  pace  forth  rufhing  from  the  foreft  nye. 

XV. 

A  while  they  fled,  but  foone  retournd  againe 
With  greater  fury  then  before  was  found  ; 
And  evermore  their  crueil  Capitaine 

XV.  3.     — Capitaine]     So  all  the 

editions,  except  Spenfer's  own  ;  which  read  Captaine,  a  blunder 
of  the  prefs.     Church. 

Mr.  Upton,  however,  preferves  and  defends  the  original 
reading,  contending  that  Captaine  here  confifts  of  three  fyllables, 
which  is  in  Spenfer's  manner,  as  heroes,  Jafeti/j  &c.  He  adds- 
that  Shakfpeare  has  ferjeant  and  captain  of  three  fyllables  in 
Macbeth,  A.  i.  S.  ii. 

"  The  neweft  ftate.  This  is  the  ferj'iant — " 
"  Our  captains,  Macbeth  and  Banquo  ?  Yes." 
Thefe  officers,  I  mull  confefs,  appear  to  me  to  be  very  un- 
fairly prelTed  into  the  fervice  of  the  critick  !  In  paffages  like 
thefe,  the  violation  of  precife  conformity  to  metre  may  be 
eafily  pardoned,  and  requires  not  the  aid  of  elaborate  redifi- 
cation.  However,  capitaine  might  certainly  be  fairly  extended 
for  the  fake  of  the  rhythm,  and  be  pronounced,  as  in  French, 
capitaine ;  becaufe  it  appears  to  have  been  ufed  as  a  word  o£ 
three  fyllables,  even  in  profe.     See  A  Lamentation,  in  which 

E   2 


52  THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.      BOOK  II. 

Sought  v'lth  his  rafkall  routs  t'enclofe  them 
rownd, 

And  overronne  to  tread  them  to  the  grownd  : 

But  foone  the  Knights  with  their  bright- 
burning  blades 

Broke  their  rude  troupes,  and  orders  did  con- 
fownd, 

Hewing  and  flafliing  at  their  idle  (hades ; 
For  though  they  bodies  feem,  yet  fubitaunce 

from  them  fades. 
XVI. 
As  when  a  fwarme  of  gnats  at  eventide 
Out  of  the  fennes  of  Allan  doe  arife, 
Their  murmuring  fmall  trompetts  fownden 

wide, 
Whiles  in  the  aire  their  cluftring  army  flies, 


is  fhewed  what  ruyne  and  deftrudion  corneth  of  feditious  re- 
bellyon,  4to.  1536.  bl.  1.  Sign.  A.  iiij.  "  A  cobler  fhall  be 
counted  a  capitayne."  Again,  B.  i.  "  Julius  Cefar,  the  bed 
capilayn  that  euer  the  Romans  had."  See  alfo  the  next  canto 
of  this  poem,  ft.  65,  which  completely  overthrows  Mr.  Upton's 
argument ;  Capitaynes  being  the  reading  of  the  poet's  lirft 
edition.     And  again,  F.  Q.  ii.  xi    14.     Todd, 

XV.  4. his  rafkall  routs]     This  exprefllon 

appears  to  have  been  common  for  a  mob  of  the  lowefi  kind. 
Thus,  in  The  Firjl  Part  of  K.  Edw.  IF.  4to.  bl.  1.   1600. 
•'  We  do  not  rife  like  Tiler,  Cade,  and  Straw, 
"  Blewbeard,  and  other  of  that  rafcall  route, 
"  Bafely  like  tinkers,  &c."     Todd. 

XV.  5.    And  overronne  to  tread  them  to  the  grownd  :'\    And 
to  tread  them  to  the  ground,  being  run  over.     Upton. 

XVI.  4. clvftrivg  army]     The  metaphor  is 

from  a  clufter  of  grapes,  and  the  expreffion  literally  from  Homer, 
Jl.  &.  89.  BoTfvoov  ^l  wiTonxt.    See  the  note,  F.  Q.  i.  i.  23. 

Upton, 


CANTO  IX.         THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  53 

That  as  a  cloud  doth  feenie  to  dim  the  fkies  ; 
Ne  man  nor  beaft  may  reft  or  take  repaft 
For  their  (harpe  wounds  and  noyous  iniuries, 
Till  the  fierce  northerne  wind  with  bluftring 
blaft 
Doth  blow  them  quite  away,  and  in  the  ocean 

caft. 

XVII. 
Thus  w  hen  they  had  that  troublous  rout  difperft, 
Unto  the  Caftle  gate  they  come  againe, 
And  entraunce  crav'd,  which  was  denied  erft. 
Now  when  report  of  that  their  perlous  paine. 
And  combrous  confli6i  which  they  did  fuf- 

taine, 
Came  to  the  Ladies  eare  which  there  did  dwell, 
Shee  forth  iflfewed  with  a  goodly  traine 
Of  Squires  and  Ladies  equipaged  well, 
And  entertained  them  right  fairely,  as  befell. 

XVIII. 

Alma  flie  called  was  ;  a  Virgin  bright, 

That  had  not  yet  felt  Cupides  wanton  rage  ; 
Yet  was  fhee  woo'd  of  many  a  gentle  Knight, 
And  many  a  Lord  of  noble  parentage. 
That  fought  with  her  to  lincke  in  marriage : 
For  ihee  was  faire,  as  faire  mote  ever  bee. 
And  in  the  flowre  now  of  her  freftieft  age ; 

XVIII.  1.  Alma]  That  is,  The  Mind.  Prior's  poem, 
called  Alma,  or.  The  Prqoress  of  the  Mind,  probably 
took  its  rile  from  this  canto.    Church^ 

£  3 


5i  THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.     BOOK  II. 

Yet  full  of  grace  and  goodly  modeftee, 
That  even  heven  reiovced  her  fweete  face  to  fee. 

XIX. 
In  robe  of  iilly  white  (he  was  arayd, 

That  from  her  ilioulder  to  her  heele  downe 

raught ; 
The    traine    whereof  loofe    far  behind    her 

ftrayd, 
Braunched  with  gold  and  perle  moft  richly 

wrought, 
And  borne  of  two  faire  damfels  which  were 

taught 
That  fervice  well :   Her  yellow  golden  heare 
Was  trunly  woven  and  in  trelTes  wrought, 
Ne  other  tire  (lie  on  her  head  did  weare, 
But  crowned  with  a  garland  of  fweete  rofiere. 


XIX.  5.  Jnd  borne  of  two /aire  damfels,  &c.]  Thefe  "  two 
I'aire  daialels,"  1  think,  are  wliat  Plato  calls,  E7r»St;p.>jTjy.r)  and 
©v,i///iT*y.i,  who,  when  Kt J I  taught  their- fervice,  are  of-  excellent 
uCe  to  Alma.  "Cicero,  Ttfc.  Difp.  i.  10.  "  Animo  duas  parere 
vcrluit  Plato,  iranr  Tit  ciipiditatem."  See  likewife  Apuleius, 
and  Diogen.  Laert.  iii,  67,  and  Max.  Tyr.  p.  265,  267'  edit. 
London:     Upton. 

XIX. -9.      cro-u>i)ed]      Mr.  Church    has   obferved 

that  the  poet's  firft  edition  here  reads  cro-wn'd ;  but  the  critick 
fo'rgot  to  notice  that  the  word  is  corrected  in  the  Errata  fub- 
joined  to  that  edition.  Thefe  minute  remarks  will  not  feem 
trifling  to"  the  lovers  of  the  poet,  as  they  ferve  to  refcue  him 
from  the  luppofition  of  habitual  inaccuracy.  In  like  manner, 
I  may  add,  leitger  time,  in  the  21ft  ftanza,  is  fo  corrected  by 
the  poet ;  but  the  fame  critick   has  only  noticed  the  errour 

•"  lenger  a  time,'^  without  mentioning  the  emendation.    Todd. 

*'•  Ibid.'    — — '—^~ rofiere.]     The  rofe-tree. 

So  Chaucer,  p.  236,  edit.  Urr. 


CANTO  IX.  THE  FAERIE  QUEEXE'.  ^55 

XX. 

Goodly  fliee  enlertaind  thofe  noble  Knights, 
And  brought  them  up  into  her  Caftle  hall ; 
Where  gentle  court  and  gracious  delight 
Shee  to  them  made,  with  mildneffe  virginall, 
Shewing  herfelfe  both  wife  and  liberall. 
There  when  they  refted  had  a  feafon  dew, 
They  her  belbught  of  favour  fpeciall 
Of  that  faire  Caitle  to  affoord  them  vew : 
Shee  graunted  ;  and,  them  leading  forth,  the 
fame  did  fhew. 

XXI. 
Firft  (he  them  led  up  to  the  Caftle  wall. 
That  was  fo  high  as  foe  might  not  it  clime, 
'  And  all  fo  faire  and  fenfible  withall ; 

**  And  me  to  plefiu  badde  that  I 

"  Should  drawe  to  the  bothom  nere, 

"  Prefe  in  to  touchin  the  rofere 

"  That  bare  the  rofe."     Church. 

XX.  4. —  virginall,]     The  Italian 

adjedtive  virginale,  an  epithet  very  frequent,  as  Mr.  Thyer  has 
oblerved,  in  the  poets  of  Italy  when  defcribing  beauty,  or 
modefty.     Todd. 

XX.  6\  There  when  Sic. 1  Such  is  the  reading  of  the  fecond 
edition,  which  every  ful)fequent  edition  follows,  except  that  of 
Mr.  Church.  Mr.  Church  reads,  with  the  firft  edition,  "  Th€7i 
when  «S:c.",  but  thinks  that  "  Tko  when  &c."  would  have 
been  better.     Todd. 

XXI.  1. them}     So  the  fecond  and  all  the  fubfe- 

quent  editions.     The  firft  reads /«"?«.     Church. 

XXI.  3. fenfible]     This  is  the  reading 

of  the  firft  edition,  to  which  Mr.  Church,  Mr.  Upton,  and  Ton- 

fon's  edition  of  1758,  have  adhered.     The  fecond  edition  reads 

fenjible,  which  the  reft  have  followed.     I  am  perfuaded  that 

fenfible  is  the  poet's  reading.     Compare  F.  Q.  iii.  x.  10.    "  No 

fort  fo  FENSiBLE,  no  walls  fo  ftrong,  &c,"     Todd. 

E  4 


S6  THE  FAETIIE  QUEENE.  BOOK  II. 

Not  built  of  bricke,  ne  yet  of  ftone  and  lime, 

But  of  thing  like  to  that  x^gyptian  (lime, 

Whereof  kiiiff   Nine  whilonie  built    Babell 

towre  : 

But  O  great  pitty,  that  no  lenger   time 

So  goodly  workmanihip  (hould  not  endure  ! 

Soone  it  muft  turne  to  earth:  No  earthly  thing 

is  fure. 

XXII. 

The  frame  thereof  feemd  partly  circulare, 

And  part  triangulare  ;  O  worke  divine  ! 

Thofe  two  the  firft  and  laft  proportions  are ; 

The  one  imperfe^l,  mortal!,  foeminine ; 

Th'  other  immortall,  perfeft,  mafculine ; 

And  twixt  them  both  a  quadrate  was  the  bafe, 


XXI.  5.  But  of  thing  like  to  that  JEgyptianJlime,  &c.]  The 
flime  ufed  for  cement  to  the  bricks,  with  which  Babylon  was 
bailt,  was  a  kind  of  bitumen  or  pitchy  fubllance,  brought  from 
the  neighbourhood  of  Babylon  :  whether  he  calls  it  Egyptian, 
Afphaltic,  or  Aflyrian  flime,  it  differs  not  :  for  even  hiltorians 
confound  neighbouring  nations,  much  more  fo  poets.  AflTy^ 
rians,  JNIedes,  and  Perfians,  are  frequently  confounded:  all  the 
northern  countries  are  ufed  promifcuoufly  ;  Germans,  Celtics, 
Gauls,  &c.  He  fays,  of  thing,  like  to  Egyptian  or  Aflyrian 
flime,  was  built  this  edifice  of  man ;  but  duft  it  was  originally, 
and  to  duii  it  will  return  again.  In  the  book  oiWifdom  ix..l5, 
the  body  is  called  an  carthli/  tabernacle,  y>iwS"e?  o-x^w?.  Com- 
pare II  Cor.  V.  1.  If  we  turn  to  the  poets,  we  fliall  find  that 
man  was  made  by  mixing  water  and  earth ;  or,  as  Spenfer 
calls  it,  by  ajlime,  faia*  i.^s»  (fv^nv,  Ilefiod,  Op.  et  Dies,ver.  6l. 

Upton.    , 

XXII.  1.      The  frame    thereof  <S:c.]      The    length    of  Sir 
Kenelm  Digby's  commentary  on  this  ftanza,  together  with  INIr. 
Upton's  remarks,  occafions  the  notes  to  be  transferred  to  th«" 
end  of  the  canto.     Todd. 


CANTO  IX.    THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.         .   57 

Proportiond  equally  by  feven  and  nine ; 

Nine  was  the  circle  Tett  in  heavens  place : 

All  which  compared  made  a  goodly  diapafe. 

XXIII. 

Therein  two  gates  were  placed  feemly  well : 
The  one  before,  by  which  all  in  did  pas. 
Did  th*  other  far  in  workmanftiip  excell ; 
For  not  of  wood,  nor  of  enduring  bras, 
But  of  more  worthy  fubftance  fram'd  it  was : 
Doubly  difparted,  it  did  locke  and  clofe, 
That,  when  it  locked,  none  might  thorough 

pas. 
And,  when  it  opened,  no  man  might  it  clofe  ; 

Still  opened  to  their  friendes,  and  clofed  to 
their  foes. 

XXIV. 

Of  hewen  ftone  the  porch  was  fay  rely  wrought, 

XXII.  9-  -^li  which  cowpafted  &c.]  Before  the  reader 
confiders  the  following  ftanzas,  in  which  he  might  perhaps 
think  that  the  Houfe  of  Alma  is  too  minutely  and  circum- 
ftantially  exprefled,  I  would  have  him  think  over  with  him- 
felf  the  following  allegorical  defcription  in  Ecdejiajtes,  xii.  4. 
"  In  the  day,  when  the  ktepers  of  the  Houfe  (the  hands, 
•which  keep  the  body,  the  caftle  of  Alma)  (hall  tremble  ;  and 
the  Jlrong  men  (the  legs,  the  pillars  and  fupport)  ftiall  bow 
tlienafelves ;  and  the  grinders  ceafe,  becaufe  they  are  few  ; 
(but  originally  twije  fixteen,  ft.  26.)  And  thofe  that  look  out  at 
the  tDindQ-ws  he  dn'ckned  ;"  (viz.  the  eyes,  Septuag.  «»  ^?vt7rtf<ra» 
l»  Tei*?  ottok;,  the  f}»yers,  or  fpi/es,  as  Spenfer  calls  them,  F.  Q. 
i.  ii.  17.  iii.  i-  36\  and  vi.  viii,  43.)  "  And  the  doors  fhall  be 
^ut;"  (L  e.  the  lips,  or  the  mouth,  ft.  23,  24.)  Compare  the 
TimoEus  of  Plato,  where  the  defcription  of  the  human  body 
takes  up  feveral  pages.  Spenfer  had  plainly  in  view  alfo  the 
difcourfe  of  Socrates  with  the  atheiftical  and  doubting  Arifto- 
•dcmus,  L.  i.  C.  iv ;  and  Cicero,  Nat.  Deor.  L.  ii.  54,  &c. 

Uptow. 


•5^8  THE  FAERIE  (i0EENE.  BOOK  IT. 

Stone  more  of  valew,  and  more  fmooth  and 

fine, 
Then  iett  or  marble  far  from  Ireland  brought; 
Over  the  Mhich  was  caft  a  wandring  vine, 
Enchaced  with  a  wanton  yvie  twine : 
And  over  it  a  fayre  portcullis  hong, 
AVhich  to  the  gate  dire6tly  did  incline 
AVith  comely  compalTe  and  compaclure  ftrong, 
Nether  unfeemly  fliort,  nor  yet  exceeding  long. 

XXV. 
Within  the  barbican  a  Porter  fate, 
.-Day  and   night   duely  keeping  watch   and 
ward; 
Nor  wight  nor  word  mote  paffe  out  of  the 
gate, 

XXIV.  3.  Then  iett  or  marble  Sec]  In  the  neighbourhood 
of  Kilcolman,  the  reiiclence  of  the  poet,  there  was,  it  feems,  a 
red  and  grey  marble -quarry.  See  Smith's  Hijl.  of  Cork,  vol.  i. 
343.  In  the  fame  county,  other  valuable  marbles  alfo  are  to 
be  found.     See  ibid,  vol.  i.  156,  and  more  particularly  ii.  375. 

Todd. 

XXIV.  7.     the  gate]     In  one  of  his  Sonnets,  Spen- 

fer  has  alfo  given  the  appellation  of  the  gate  to  the  mouth.  He 
-probably  bore  in  remembrance  Pfal.  cxh.  3.  "  Keep  the  door 
of  my  lips."  See  alfo  the  next  ftanza.  And  compare  Homer, 
11.  ^'.  83.  f'^ito?  o^ovTuv.     Todd. 

XXV.  1. barbican]     The  uatck-tower,  generally 

meaning  a  ftrong  and  lofty  wall  with  turrets,  intended  for  the 
defence  of  the  gate  and  drawbridge  of  the  old  caftles.  It  is 
written  in  French  barbacane,  and  is  interpreted  by  Cotgrave, 
"  A  cafemate,  or  hole,  in  a  parrapet  or  towne-wall,  to  Ihoot 
out  at;  fome  hold  it  alfo  to  be,  A  fentrie,  fcout-houfe,  or  hole? 
and  therupon  our  Chaucer  vfeth  the  word  barbican  for  a  watch, 
tower,  which,  in  the  Saxon-  tongue,  was  called  a  borough-ken- 
ning."     Todd. 


CANTO  TX.         THE  FAERIE  QUEEXE.  59 

But  in  good  order,  and  with  dew  regard ; 
Utterers  of  fecrets  he  from  thence  debard, 
Bablers  of  folly,  and  blazers  of  cryme  : 
His  larum-bell  might  lowd  and  wyde  be  hard 
When  caufe  reqiiyrd,  but  never  out  of  time ; 

Early  and  late  it  rong,  at  evening  and  at  prime. 

XXVI. 

And  rownd  about  the  porch  on  every  fyde 
Twife  fixteene  Warders  fatt,  all  armed  bright 
In  gliftring  fteele,  and  ftrongly  fortityde : 
Tall  yeomen  feemed  they  and  of  great  might, 
And  were  enraunged  ready  ftill  for  fight. 
By  them  as  Alma  paiTed  with  her  gueftes, 
They  did  obeyfaunce,  as  befeemed  right, 
A  nd  then  againe  retourned  to  their  reftes : 

The  Porter  eke  to  her  did  lout  with  humble 

geftes. 

xxvir. 

Thence  Ihe  them  brought  into' a  (lately  hall, 
Wherein  were  many  tables  fayre  difpred, 
And  ready  dight  with  drapets  feftivall, 
Againft  the  viaundes  (hould  be  miniftred. 
At  th'  upper  end  there  fate,  yclad  in  red 
Downe  to  the  ground,  a  comely  perfonage, 
That  in  his  hatid  a  white  rod  menaged^ 
He  Steward  was,  hight  Diet ;  rype  of  age, 

•And  in  demeanure  fober,;and  in  counfell  fage. 

XXVII.  3..  '.      ,  ,  , "    ....  ..^drapet^^-L^^gCTtlcto^^.  Ital. 

drappo.     UtTO\.        ' '       ' '' 


60  THE    FAERIE    QUEENE.  BOOK  IL 

XXVIII. 

And  through  the  hall  there  walked  to  and  fro 
A  ioUy  yeoman,  Marfliall  of  the  fume, 
AVhofe  name  was  Appetite ;  he  did  beftow 
Both  gueftes  and  meate,  whenever  in  they 

came, 
And  knew  them  how  to  order  without  blame, 
As  him  the  Steward  badd.     They  both  at- 

tone 

Did  dewty  to  their  Lady,  as  became ; 

AVho,  paffmg  by,  forth  ledd  her  gueftes  anone 

Into  the  kitchin  rowme,  ne  fpard  for  nicenefle 

none. 

XXIX. 

It  was  a  vaut  ybuilt  for  great  difpence, 

With  many  raunges  reard  along  the  wall. 

And  one  great  chimney,  whofe  long  tonnell 

thence 
The  fmoke  forth  threw  :  And  in  the  midft 

of  all 
There  placed  was  a  caudron  wide  and  tall 
Upon  a  mightie  fornace,  burning  whott. 
More  whott  then  Aetn ,  or  flaming  Mongi- 

ball: 

XXIX.  1. ■ difpence,]     Confumption, 

He  ules  it  for  expatce,  F.  Q.  ii.  xii.  42.     Church. 

XXIX.  7.     More  whott  then  Aein'  or  gaming  MongibM  :] 
Aetna,  or,  as  it  is  likewife  called,  Montgibel.     Or  is  not  a  dif- 
jundive  particle.     See  L'Adone  del  Marino  : 
"  Fumar  Etna  fi  vede  e  Moitgibelloy 
"  Fiamme  eruttar  dalle  nevoie  cine."     Uptoit. 

•     'Btjf. 

'  I." 


CANTO  IX.         THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  6\ 

For  day  and  night  it  brent,  ne  ceafed  not, 
So  long  as  any  thing  it  in  the  caudron  gott. 

XXX. 

But  to  delay  the  heat,  leaft  by  mifchaunce 
It  might  breake  out  and  let  the  whole  on 

fyre, 
There  added  was  by  goodly  ordinaunce 
An  huge  great  payre  of  bellowes,  which  did 

ftyre 
Continually,  and  cooling  breath  infpyre. 
About  the  caudron  many  Cookes  accoyld 
With  hookes  and  ladles,  as  need  did  requyre; 
The  whyles  the  viaundes  in  the  vellell  boyld, 

They  did  about  their  bufmefle  fweat,  and  forely 

toy  Id. 

XXXI. 

The  maifter  Cooke  was  cald  Conco6lion ; 

A  carefull  man,  and  full  of  comely  guyfe  : 

The  kitchin  Clerke,  that  hight  Digeftion, 

Pid  order  all  th'  achdtes  in  feemely  wife, 

XXX.  1.     ■ delay]     Temper.     Wine  is  faid   to  be 

delayed,  when  it  is  tempered  with  water.     Church. 

XXX.  3, inl'pyre,]      Blow,    or 

breathe,  as  in  F.  Q.  ii.  iii.  "  When  the  winde  emongft  them  did 
infpyre."     Todd. 

XXX.  6.     ■ accoyld]     Stood  around, 

coiled  up  together,  gathered  together.  Ital.  accoglierc,  from 
ad  and  colli  n;ere.     Upton. 

XXXI.  4.  Did  order  all  tli  achates]  Provifio?is,  old  French, 
acket,  a  thing  bought.  See  Kelham's  Norman  Didt.  The  word 
is  ufed  by  Chaucer,  and  continued  to  be  employed  in  this  fenfe 
after  the  time  of  Spenier.  Thus,  in  B.  Rich's  Faults  and 
nothing  but  Faults,  4to.  ltfo6,  p.  24.    "  There  be  not  many 


62  THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.     BOOK  II, . 

And  fet  them  forth,  as  well  he  could  devife. 
The  rell  had  leverall  offices  alTynd ; 
Some  to  remove  the  fcum  as  it  did  rife ; 
Others  to  beare  the  fame  away  did  mynd ; 
And  others  it  to  iife  acccording  to  his  kynd. 

xxxii. 
But  all  the  liquour,  which  was  fowle  and  wade, 
::.J*Jot  good  nor  ferviceable  elles  for  ought, 
They  in  another  great  rovvnd  veflell  plafte. 
Till  by  a  conduit  pipe  it  thence  were  brought ; 
And  all  the  reft,  that  noyous  was  and  nought, 
•  JBy  fecret  w^yes,  that  none  might  it  efpy, 
•. -AVas   clofe    convaid,    and   to    the    backgate 

brought, 

That  cleped  was  Port  Efquiline,  whereby 
It  was  avoided  quite,  and  throwne  out  privily. 

XXXIII. 
Which  goodly  order  and  great  workmans  ikill 
Whenas  thofe  Knightes  beheld,  with   rare 

delight 
And  gazing  wonder  they  their  mindes  did  fill; 
For  never  had  they  feene  fo  ftraunge  a  fight. 

that  wil  beftowe  giftes  on  her,  that  will  lend  her  mony,  that 
will  fend  her  in  daily  prouifion  of  capons,  conies,  partriges, 
pigeons,  wine,  fugar,  fpice,  and  fuch  other  acatcs,  both  colUy 
and  dainty."  The  folios  have  converted  Spenfer's  own  word 
achates  into  the  cates  ;  but  they  have  mifled  only  Hughes. 

Todd. 
XXXII.  8.     That  cleped  was  Port  Efquiline,]     Alluding  to 
Pjorta  Effjuilina.      See  the   commentators   on   liorat.    Epod. 
xyii.  ver.  58.     UP'ioy. 


C  A N T O,  I X-  THE  JFAE H I.E  ftU  EE N E,  6% 

Thence  backe  againe  faire  Alma  led  them 

richt* .  -  •.,'•• 

And  foone  into  a  goodly  parlour  brought, 
.  That  vyas.with.  royall  arras  richly  dight,^  . 
In  which  was  nothing  pourtrahed  nor  wrought ; 
Not  wrought  nor  po{irtrahed,  but.  eafie  to  be 
thought : 

XXXIV. r 

And  in.the.midft  tliereof  upon  the  floure 
.  A  lovely  bevy  of  faire  Ladies  fate,  .         .  r 
Courted  of  many  a  ioUy  paramoure,  . 
The  which  them. did  in  modeft  ,\yife  amate, 
And  each  one  fought  his  Lady  to  aggrate-: 
.  And  jeke  emongft  them  litLe  Cupid  playd . 
His  wanton  fportes,  being  retourned  Jate 
From  his  fierce  warres,  and  having  from  him 
layd  .  .  .   .  _ 

His  cruell  bow,  wherewith, he  thoufands  hath 
difmayd.        :      . 


XXXIII.  6.  Andfome  into  a  goodly  parlour  &c.]  That  is, 
where  the  })0\vers  ot"  the  imagination  and  various  faculties  of 
the  mind  relide ;  which  powers  or  faculties  are  perfonified  as 
a  bevy  of  faire  ladies,  ft.  Si.  They  do  homage  to  Alma,  ft.  36 ; 
for  their  province  is  to  obey,  not  to  govern.  She  is,  and 
ought  to  be,  the  miftrefs  and  queen..  ,T^  rjyE/xony-ov.  To  iv^ov 
y.v^ikvov.  To  >op-oSe  riy.ov  kj  Qoia^KiKoy.  Such  are  the  words  that  the 
Stoicks  give  to  Alma,  recognizing  her  power,  dignity,-  and 
regal  ftate,     Upton. 

XXXIV.  2.  A  lovely  bevy]  Company.  See  the  notes  on 
"  a  fteijie- of  Ladies,"  Shep.  Cal.  A^n\.     Todd. 

XXXIV.  6.  And  eke  emongji  them  &c.]  See  a  fimilar  de« 
fcription  of  Cupid,  F.  Q.  iii.  vi.  49.     T.  VVarton. 


64  THE  FAERIE  Q13EEXE.  BOOK  11. 

xxxv^ 
Diverfe    delights    they    fownd    themfelves    to 

pleafe ; 
Some   fong  in    fweet  cons6rt ;  fome  laught 

for  ioy  ; 
Some  plaid  with  ilrawes;  fome  ydly  fatt  at 

eafe  ; 
But  other  fome  could  not  abide  to  toy, 
All  pleafaunce  was  to  them  griefe  and  annoy : 
This  fround ;  that  faund ;  the  third  for  Ihame 

did  blufti ; 
Another  feemed  envious,  or  coy  ; 
Another  in  her  teeth  did  gnaw  a  rufti : 
But  at  thefe  ftraungers  prefence  every  one  did 

hudi. 

XXXVI. 
Soone  as  the  gracious  Alma  came  in  place, 
They  all  attonce  out  of  their  feates  arofe, 
And  to  her  homage  made  with  humble  grace : 
AVhom  when  the  Knights  beheld,  they  gan 

difpofe 
Themfelves  to   court,    and   each  a  damzell 

chofe : 
The  Prince  by  chaunce  did  on  a  Lady  light. 
That  was  right  faire  and  freili  as  morning  rofe, 

XXXV.  3. ydly]      So  Spenfer's   own 

editions  read.     The  folios  converted  the  word  into  idle,  and 
xnifled  Hughes  in  his  firft  edition.     Todd. 


CAXTO  IX.  THE  FAERIE  QUEEXEi  6S 

But  fomwhat  fad  and  folemne  eke  in  sight. 
As  iffome  penfive  thought  conliraind  her  gentle 
rpright. 

xxxvii. 

In  a  long  purple  pall,  whofe  ikirt  with  gold 
AVas  fretted  all  about^  flie  was  ara}  d  ; 
And  in  her  hand  a  poplar  braunch  did  hold : 
To  whom  the   Prince   in  courteous  maner 

fayd ; 
"  Gentle  Maddme,  why  beene  ye  thus  dif- 

mayd, 
And  your  faire  beautie  doe  with  fadnes  fpill  ? 
Lives  any  that  you  hath  thus  ill  apayd  ? 
Or  doen  you  love,  or  doen  you  lack  your 

will  ? 
Whatever  bee  the  caufe,  it  fure  befeemes  you 

ill." 

XXXVII.  3.  And  in  her  hand  d  poplar  braunch  did  hold  .] 
Emblematically  reprelenting  her  charader.  The  poplar 
branch  was  worn  in  the  athletick  games,  and  facred  to  Her- 
cules. See  the  note  on  F.  Q.  ii.  v.  31.  and  the  Commentators 
on  Horat.  L.  i.  Od.  vi.  Servius  on  Virg.  ^n.  viii.  2/6'.  Broukh. 
on  TibuU.  p.  82.  and  Burman  on  Ovid,  Epijl.  ix.  ver.  6'4. 

UpToy. 

XXXVII.  5.  ■ Madame,']  The  word  is  thus  ac- 
cented on  the  fecond  fyllable,  F.  Q.  i.  vii.  3.  So  Chapman, 
Spenfer's  contemporary,  ufes  it,  in  his  tranllation  of  Homer, 
Iliad  iii. 

"  Loue's  Emprefle  came, 

•*  Puld   Hellen  by  the  heauenly  veile,   and  foflly  faid,  Ma- 
ddme,  &c/'     Todd. 

XXXVII.  8.  Or  doen  you  /ore,]  The  folio  of  I609  appears 
to  me  to  have  thus  rightly  printed  the  palTage.  The  fubfequent 
folios,  Hughes,  and  Tonlbn's  edition  in  1758,  conform  to  the 
emendation.     The  edition  of  1751,  and  thofe  of  Church  and 

VOL.  IV.  F 


66  THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  BOOK  II. 

XXXVIII. 

"  Fayre  Sir,"  fald  flie,  hallo  in  difdalneful  wile, 
*'  How  is  it  that  this  word  in  nic  ye  blame, 
And  in  yourlelte  doe  not  the  lame  advife  ? 
Him  ill  beleemes  anothers  fault  to  name, 
'J'hat  may  unwares  be  blotted  with  the  lame: 
Penfive  I  yeeld  1  am,  and  lad  in  mind, 
Through  great  delire  of  glory  and  of  fame ; 
Ne  ought  I  weene  are  ye  therein  behynd. 

That  have  twelve  months  sought  One,  yet  no 
where  can  Her  lind." 

XXXIX. 

The  Prince  was  inly  moved  at  her  fpeach, 
Well  weeting  trew  what  (he  had  rafiily  told; 
Yet  with  faire  femblaunt  fought  to  hyde  the 

breach. 
Which  chaunge  of  colour  did  perforce  unfold, 
Now  feeming  flaming  whott,  now  ftony  cold: 
Tho,  turning  foft  alide,  he  did  inquyre 
AVhat  wight  llie  was  that  poplar  braunch  did 

hold : 

Upton,  follow  tlie  peel's  own  editions,  which  read  "  Or  doen 
1/our  love;"  hut  i/uur  embarrafl'es  the  fenle,  and  moft  probably 
was  an  unperceived  errour  of  the  press.     Todd. 

XXXVIII.  2.  IIou-  is  it  &c.]  That  is,  How  is  it  that  you 
blame  me  fur  being  in  love,  and  fee  not  that  it  is  your  own  cafe  ? 
For,  although  all  the  editions  read  adiijc,  I  tiiink  it  fliould  be 
ciife,  fte.    Fr.aiifer.     See  ft.  59.     Cuurcij. 

The  rebuke  of  the  Lady  to  the  Prince  bears  a  double  mean- 
ing, confidering  him  as  in  purfuit  both  of  glory  and  of  Glori- 
una.     See  F.  Q.  i.  ix.  15,  ii.  ix.  7.     Uptox. 

XXXIX.  2. radily]     At  a  venture,  thai 

i=,  wiUiout  kuov.ing  that  ftie  fpake  tni'?,     Cnencn. 


CANTO   IX.  THE  FAERIE  C^UEEXE.  67 

It  anfvvered  was,  her  name  was  Prays-delire, 
That  bj  well  doing  fought  to  honour  to  alpyre. 

XL. 

The  whiles  the  Faery  Knio-ht  did  entertaine 
Another  Damfell  of  that  gentle  crew, 
That  was  right  fayre  and  niodeft  of  demayne, 
But  that  too  oft  ihe  chauno-'d  her  native  hew: 
Straunge  was  her  tyre,  and  all  her  garment 

blew, 
Clofe  rownd  about   her  tuckt  with  many  a 

plight : 
Upon  her  fift  the  bird,  which  flionneth  vew 
And  keepes  in  coverts  clofe  from  living  wight, 
Did  fitt,  as  yet  ashamd  how  rude  Pan  did  her 
dioht. 


XLI. 


So  long  as  Guyon  with  her  communed. 
Unto  the  grownd  fhe  caft  her  modell  eye, 


XL.  7.  Upon  herjijl  the  bird,  nJiick  Jhonneth  vevi  ^'c]  Pan 
fell  ill  love  with  Echo,  and  begat  a  daughter  on  her  named 
Jynx,  who  was  by  Juno  (but  Spenler  fays  by  Pan)  turned  into 
a  bird  of  the  fame  name,  becaufe  (he  endeavoured  to  practife 
her  philters  and  incantations  on  Jupiter.  See  the  Schol.  on 
Theocr.  Idyll,  ii.  ver.  17.  What  bird  this  Jynx  is,  cannot  fo 
well  be  determined  ;  but  Spenfer  feems,  by  his  defcription,  to 
mean  the  cuckow.     Compare  Chaucer,  Kn.  T,  1930. 

"  And  Jeloufie 

"  That  werd  of  yelow  goldis  a  garland, 

"  And  had  a  cuckow  fitting  on  her  hand."     Upton. 

XLL  1. communed,]    Spenfer's  own 

editions  read  commoned,  but  all  the  fubfequent  editions,  except 
that  of  1751,  read  communed.     Todd. 

r  2 


68  THE  FAEIUE  QUEENE.     BOOK  It. 

And  ever  anone  with  rofy  red 
.    The   balhtull  blood  her  fnowy  cheekes  did 

dye, 
That  her  became,  as  pollflit  yvory 
'NA'hich  cunning  craftefman  hand  hath  over- 

layd 

XLI.  3.     And  ever  and  anone  -with  rofy  red 

The  hajhjull  hloud  cVc]      Spenfer  is   fond   of  thus 
defcribiiig  perfonal  beauty.      Again, 

*'  And  his  fweet  hps  on  which,  before  that  ftound, 
"  Tlie  bud  of  youtli  to  bloffume  fair  began, 
"  Spoyld  of  their  rojie  red  were  woxen  pale  and  wan/' 
See  alfo  T.  Q.  ii.  i.  41.     From   thefe  eh'gant  palTages   Milton 
transferred  the  enchanting  smile  to  the  Angel,  Par.  L.  B.  viii. 
618  ;  and  not  from  roj]/  red  applied  to  apples,  (F.  Q.  i.  xi.  4-6.) 
as  Mr.  Thyer  and    iNlr.  Church    have  I'uppofed.     Sylveller,  1 
Ihould  add,  has  adorned  one  of  his  ladies  with  Spenfer's  de- 
fcription  in  the  pallage  before  us.     See  D«  Bart.  l621,  p.  41)8, 
"  The  lillies  of  her  brefts,  the  roJie  red 
"  In  either  cheek — "     Todd, 
XLI.  4.     The  baJlifuU  blood  &c,]      JVom  Virg,  /Ew.  xii.  Cl. 
"  Accepit  vocem  lacrimis  Lavinia  matri;-, 
"  Flagrantis  perfufa  genas  :  cui  plurinius  ignem 
"  Subjecit  rubor,  et  calcfafta  per  ora  cucurrit. 
"  Indum  fan^uineo  veluti  violaverit  oftro 
"  Si  quis  ebur,  aut  mixta  rubent  ubi  lilia  multa 
"  Alba  rofa  :  talis  virgo  dabat  ore  colores." 
Compare  F.  Q.  v.  iii.  23,  Ilom.   11.   ^'.    141  ;  Claudian,  Rapt. 
Prof.  i.  271  ;  Statins,  Acki/L  i.  304;  Ovid,  Atnor.  ii.  v,  34,  Met. 
iv.    330.     Many  more    palfages  of  ancient  writers  might  be 
pointed  out,  in  which  thefe  favourite  comparifons  occur. 

JORTIN. 

XLI.  6. craftefman   hand]     So  Spenfer's 

own  editions  read,  which,  as  Mr.  Upton  obferves,  is  more 
poetical  than  the  reading  of  the  folios,  "  craftefman's  hand ;" 
the  fubftantive  being  ufed  adjeftively,  as  in  F.  Q.  i.  ii.  1.  "  In 
ocean  waves."  Again,  F.  Q.  i.  vi.  27.  "  The  lyon  whelpes." 
It  is  therefore  remarkable  that  Mr.  Church,  who  defends  the 
reading  of  "  lyun  whelpes,"  and  propofes  to  read  "  Jhepherd 
fwayae"  ft.  14,  (hould  follow  the  fuppofed  emendation  of  the 


CANTO  IX.  THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  69 

AVith  fayre  vermilion  or  pure  caftory. 
Great  wonder  had   the  Knight  to  fee  the 
Mayd 
So  ftraungely  paffioned,  and  to  her  gently  faid ; 

XLII. 
"  Fayre  Damzell,  feemeth  by  your  troubled 
cheare, 
That  either  me  too  bold  ye  weene,  this  wife 
You  to  moleft,  or  other  ill  to  feare 
That  in  the  fecret  of  your  hart  clofe  lyes, 
From  whence  it  doth,  as   cloud  from  fea, 

aryfe : 
If  it  be  I,  of  pardon  I  you  pray ; 
But,  if  ought  elfe  that  I  mote  not  dev^^fe, 
I  will,  if  pleafe  you  it  difcure,  aifay 
To  eafe  you  of  that  ill,  fo  wifely  as  I  may." 

XLIII. 

She  anfwerd  nought,  but  more  abaflit  for  (hame 
Held  downe  her  head,  the  whiles  her  lovely 

face 
The  flalhing  blood  with  blufliing  did  inflame. 
And  the  ftrong   paffion   mard  her   modefl 

grace, 

folios.  See  alfo  ft.  59  of  the  prefent  canto,  "  Briton  moni- 
ments."  The  editions  of  Hughes,  of  1751,  and  of  Tonfon's  in 
1758,  read  alfo  craftefman's.     Todd, 

XLI.  9.     ^ paflioned,]     Difordered,     So,  in  ft.  43. 

"  And  the  ftrong  pafton,"  i.  e.  diforder,  commotion.    Church. 

XLIII.  4.  And  the  Jlrong  palfion  mard  her  modejl  grace,'] 
I  believe  Milton  had  this  e.xprelliou  in  his  mind,  Pur.  LoJ, 
p.  iv.  114. 

p3 


70  THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.     BOOK  II. 

That  Gu>'on  mervayld  at  her  uncouth  cace  ; 

Till  Alma  him  befpake;  "  Why  wonder  yee, 

Faire  Sir,  at  that  which  ye  i'o  much  embrace  ? 

She  is  the  fountaine  of  your  modeftee  ; 

You  Ihamefaft  are,  but  Shamefaitnes  itlelfe  is 

lliee." 

XLIV. 

Thereat  the  Elfe  did  blufli  in  privitee. 

And  turnd  his  face  away;  but  (he  the  fame 
Dillembled  faire,  and  faynd  to  overfee. 
Thus  they  awhile  with  court  and  goodly  game 
Themfelvesdid  folace  each  one  with  his  Dame, 
Till  that  great  Lady  thence  away  them  fought 
To  vew  her  Catties  other  wondrous  frame : 
Up  to  a  ftatcly  turret  llie  them  brought, 

Afcending  by  ten  fteps  of  alablafter  wrought. 

"  Thus  while  he  fpake,  each  pajllon  dim'd  his  face, 
"  Thrice  changd  with  pale  ire,  envy,  and  defpair, 
"  Which  man'd  his  borrowd  image."     Upton. 
XLIII.  9.     You  Jhawcfnjt  are,  ^c]      Mr.  Ujjton  thinks  that 
here  is  an  hiftorical  allurion,  and  that  the  charader  of  the  Earl 
of  Effex  is  particularly  hinted  at.    Perhaps  the  poet  was  rather 
thinking   of   Lord    Surry's   elegant   defcription  in  Songes  and 
So7icts,  edit.  1.587,  fol.  18.  b.  where  "  The  loucrforjhamefajlncs 
hideth  his  (kfire  within,  his  fait hfull  heart."    Concerning  the  per- 
fonification  of  Shamefaccdnejii,  fee  the  note  on  F.  Q.  iv.  x.  50. 

Todd. 
XLIV.  8.     Up  t'j  ajiattli/  tnrreijlie  them  brought,']     Cicero, 
Tvfc.  Difp.  i.  JO,  "  Plato  triplicem  finxit  aniinuni,  cujus  prin- 
cipatuni,  i.  e.  rationem,  in  capite  ficut  in  arce  pofuit."     Plato 
calls  it  the  ax^oTroXij.     Upton. 

XLIV.  9.  /Ifceiidiug  bi/  ten  Jieps  of  alablajler  -wrought.] 
There  may  be  many  reafons  why  he  fays  by  "  ten  fteps  :" 
Perhaps  toftiow  the  completion  and  finiihing  of  the  building;  for 


CANTO  IX.    THE  FAERIE  QUEEN E.  71 

XLV. 

That  turrets  frame  moil  admirable  was, 
Like  higheft  heaven  compafied  around, 
And  hfted  high  above  this  earthly  malle, 
Which  it  furvewd,  as  hils  doen  lower  ground: 
But  not  on  ground  mote  like  to  this  be  found  ; 
Not  that,  which  antique  Cadmus  whylome 

built 
In  Thebes,  which  Alexander  did  confound  ; 
Nor  that  proud  towre  of  Troy,  though  richly 

guilt, 
From  which  young  Heclors  blood  by  crueli 

Greekes  was  fpilt. 

XLVI. 

The  roofe  hereof  was  arched  over  head, 

ten  is  the  completion  and  finifliing  of  number.    M£y»rc? //-"  <iji^/Aoj 

^rjTtx.a;  »tj  ra;  ap|!>i&nx.y?,  Trt^ii^uv  hoya^,  Athenag.  Apol.  pro  ChriJ- 
t'utnis.  "  Pefe(^tum  antiqui  conllituerunt  numerum,  qui  decern 
dicitur,"  Vitruv.  L.  iii.  C.  1.  Another  realbn,  and  which 
feenis  the  chief,  why  he  fays  that  the  afcent  was  made  by  ten 
Jleps,  maybe  alligned  from  what  the  Greeks  call  y.^^ij/.a.y.'iYi^K;, -dnd 
Pliny  (L.  vii.  C.  xlix.)  anni  fcanfdes,  i.  e.  thole  Jlcps  or  ftages 
of  life,  which  vary  every  feventh  year ;  'till  the  laft  ftep  is 
reached,  with  difficulty ;  feven  times  x.  the  Ixxth  year.  See 
Cenforinus  De  Die  Nat.  C.  xiv.  A,  Gellius,  L.  iii.  C.  10.  and 
L.  XV.  C.  7.  and  IMacrob.  p.  28,  29-  See  alio  Pfalm  xc,  10. 
"  The  days  of  our  age  are  ihreefcore  years  and  ten."  Upto  v. 
XLY.  8.  Nor  that  proud  toivre  of  Troy,  though  richly  guilt. 
From  ivhich  young  Heftors  blood  by  crucll  Grcckcs 
•was  fpilt.]  Ajlyanax  (the  young  Hedor)  was  flung  from  the 
battlements  of  Troj-.  See  Ovid.  Met.  xiii.  415.  Though  richly 
guilt,  alludes  to  the  defcription  of  Virgil,  j-En.  ii.  448.  "  Aura- 
tafque  trabes,"  and  ver.  504.  "  Barbarico  poftes  auro."  And 
to  what  Paris  fays  in  his  Epiftle  to  Helena, 

"  Innumeras  urbes  atque  a«/ca  teda  videbis."       Uptox. 

r4 


73  THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  BOOK  II, 

And  cleckt  with  flowers  and  herl)ars  daintily; 
Two  goodly  beacons,  fet  in  watches  Head, 
Therein  gave  light,  and  flanid  continually : 
For  they  of  living  fire  molt  lubtilly 
AV  ere  made,  and  fet  in  filver  fockets  bright, 
Co^•er'd  with  lids  deviz'd  of  fubftance  ily, 
That  readily  they  Ihiit  and  open  might. 
O,   who  can  tell  the  prayfes  of  that  Makers 


might ! 


XLVII. 
Xe  can  I  tell,  ne  can  I  flay  to  tell, 

This  parts  great  workemandiip  and  wondrous 

powre. 
That  all  this  other  worldes  worke  doth  excell^ 
And  likeft  is  unto  that  heavenly  towre 
That  God  hath   built  for  his  owne  blefled 

bowre. 
Therein    were    divers    rowmes,    and    divers 

ftages ; 
But  three  the  chiefeit  and  of  greateft  powre, 


XLVI.  3.  Two  goo  dill  beacons,  fet  in  wafclics  Jiead.,']  *'  Oculi, 
tanquam  fpeculatores,  (in  the  fieatl  or  place  of  watches)  altifli- 
irium  locum  obtinent:  ex  quo  plurima  confpiclentcs,  fuiigan- 
tur  I'uo  muuere."    Cicero,  De  Nat.  Dcor.  ii.  !)6.     Upton. 

XLVI.  7.     Covered  with  lids  dtvizd  rf  fuhjlance  fly,]  That  is, 

Jinely  •wrought.     Xenophoii,  E7r«  a!7-&£»^?  irtv  ii  o4/t?  Cxsipa^oK  civrr.v 

.iv^tjaai,  at,  osstv  y.iv  aviri    yj^c^M  Tt  iVr,   avaTrsTavvJIai  y..  t.  X.      See 

alio  Cicero,  De  Nat.  Deor.  ii.  57.     Upton. 

Sly  is  here  ufed  in  the  fenfe  of  thin,  fine.  See  alfo  my  npte 
on  "  with  which  he  charmed  femblants  /?j/,"  F.  Q.  ii.  xii.  4f), 
Subtle  appears  to  have  been  eniploved  in  the  fame  manner. 

Todd. 


CANTO  IX.         THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  73 

In  which  there  dwelt  three  honorable  Sages, 
The  wisest  men,  I  weene,  that  lived  in  their 

ages, 

XLVIII. 
Not  he,  whom  Greece,  the  nourfe  of  all  good 
arts, 
]3y  Phoebus  doome  the  wifeft  thought  alive, 
Might  be  compared  to  thefe  by  many  parts : 
Nor  that  fage  Pylian  fyre,  which  did  furvive 
Three  ages,  fuch  as  mortall  men  contrive, 
By  whofe  advife  old  Priams  cittie  fell. 
With  thefe  in  praife  of  pollicies  mote  Itrive. 
Thefe  three  in  thefe  three  rowmes  did  fondr}'^ 
dwell. 
And  counfelled  faire  Alma  how  to  governe  well. 

XLIX. 
The  Firft  of  them  could  things  to  come  forefee ; 
The  Next  could  of  thinges  prefent  beft  advize ; 


XLVII.  8.  In  -which  there  dwelt  three  honorable  Sages,] 
Cicero,  De  Fin.  ii.  33.  "  Trium  temporum  particeps  ell  ani- 
mus."    See  alfo  De  Off.  i.  4.     Upton. 

XLVIII.  3.     to  thefe]     The  firft  edition,  and 

the  edition  of  1751,  read  "  to  this."     Church. 

XLVIII.  5. contrive,]     Spenfer  abounds 

with  Latinifms,  which  makes  me  think  that  contrive  may  be  from 
fontcrere,  to  wear  out.     Jortin. 

This  word  is  ufed,  in  the  fame  fenfe,  in  Shakfpeare's  Taming 
of  the  Shrew  : 

"  Pleafe  you,  we  may  contrive  this  afternoon  :" 
That  is,  fpcud  this  afternoon.     Upton. 

Xl.IX.  1.  The  Firjl  of  them  &c.]  The  allegorical  perfons 
here  fpoken  of,  are  Imagination,  Judgement,  Memory. 

Church. 


74-  THE    FAERIE    QUEENE.  BOOK  11. 

The  Third  things  pall  could  keep  in  memorec: 
So  that  no  time  nor  realbn  could  arize, 
But  that  the  fame  could  one  oftheie  comprize. 
Forthy  the  Firft  did  in  the  forepart  fit, 
That  nought  mote  hinder  hisquickepreiudize; 
He  had  a  iliarpe  forefight  and  working  wit 

That  never  idle  was,  ne  once  would  reft  a  whit. 

L. 
His  chamber  was  difpainted  all  within 

AVith  fondry  colours,  in  the  w  hich  were  writ 
Infinite  fliapes  of  thinges  difperfed  thin  ; 
Some  fuch  as  in  the  world  were  never  yit, 
Ne  can  devized  be  of  mortall  wit ; 
Some  daily  feene  and  knowcn  by  their  names, 
Such  as  in  idle  fantafies  do  flit; 
Infernall  hags,  centaurs, feendes,  hippodames. 
Apes,  lyons,  aegles,  owles,  fooles,  lovers,  chil- 
dren, dames. 

LI. 
And  all  the  chamber  filled  was  with  flyes 
Which   buzzed   all   about,   and   made    fuch 
found 

XLIX.  7-  Tluit  nought  vrote  hinder  his  quiche  preiudize  ;] 
To  underltand  our  poet's  expreiriuns,  we  ihould  very  often 
tranfl ate  them  ;  preiudize,  praejudicium,  2.  fore-judging,  a  pre- 
conjecture;  or  rather,  fimply,  a  conjcdure  or  judgement  :  he 
explains  it  after  by  a Jharp  forefight  and  -working  wit,  fuch  as  is 
proper  to  the  poetical  faculty  here  perfonitied.     Upton. 

XLIX.  9. '- would]    The  folios,  and 

Hughes's  firft  edition,  read  co;//,-/.     Ciiuucu. 

L.  8. hippodames,]     Sea-horfcs. 

See  the  note  on  the  word,  F.  Q.  iii.  \i.  40.     Todd. 


CANTO  IX.         THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  76 

That  they  encombred   all  mens  eares  and 

eyes ; 

Like  many  fwarmes  of  bees  afTembled  round, 

After  their  hives  with  honny  do  abound. 

All  thofe  ^vere  idle  Thoughtes  and  Fantafies, 

Devices,  Dreames,  Opinions  unfound, 

Shewes,Vifions,  Sooth-fayes,  and  Prophefies; 

And  all  that  fained  is,   as  Leahngs,  Tales,  and 

Lies. 

LIT. 

Emongft  them  all  fate  he  which  wonned  there, 
That  hight  Phantaftes  by  his  nature  trew ; 
A  man  of  y eares  yet  frefli,  as  mote  appere, 
Of  fwarth  complexion,  and  of  crabbed  hew, 
That  him  full  of  melancholy  did  fhew  ; 
Bent  hollow  beetle  browes,  iharpeftaringeyes, 
That  mad  or  foolilh  feemd  :  one  by  his  vew 
Mote  deeme  him  borne  with  ill-difpofed  ikyes, 

When  oblique   Saturne   sate   in   th'   houfe   of 
agonj'es. 

LI.  8.     Visions,']     This  word,  or  Soothfuyes,  muft 

be  pronounced  as  of  three  I'yllables.     Perhaps  the  poet  wrote 
Sooth-Jhi/i/>gs.     To  D  D . 

LII.  2.     Phantaftes]     T/ie  Inwginafiuii.     Church. 

LI  I.  9-  Jf'heii  oblique  Safiirtie  fate  in  tli  houfe  of  asojij/es.] 
The  afpecl  of  Saturn  by  altiologers  was  alv/ays  deemed  ma- 
lignant, inpio  Saturno,  as  Horace,  alluding  to  this  opinion, 
favs,  L.  ii.  O.  xvii.  And  Chaucer  calls  him  "  pale  Saturnus 
the  cold,"  Kn.  T.  2445. 

"  I  do  vengeaunce,  and  plain  correction, 

"  While  I  dwell  in  the  houfe  of  the  Lyon — 

"  My  loking  (i.  e.  afpeft.)  is  fathiv  of  peftilenre." 

Uptox. 


76  THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  BOOK  U. 

LIII. 

Whom  Alma  having  shewed  to  her  Gueftes, 

Thence  brought  them  to  the  fecond  rowme, 

whofe  wals 

Were  painted  faire  with  memorable  geftes 

Of  famous  wifards ;  and  with  pi6lurals 

Of  magiltrates,  of  courts,  of  tribunals, 

Of  commen  wealthes,  of  ftates,  of  pollicy, 

Of  lawes,  of  iudgementes,  and  of  decretals, 

All  artes,  all  fcience,  all  philofophj, 

And  all  that  in  the  world  was  ay  thought  wittily. 

Liv. 

Of  thofe  that  rowme  was  full ;  and  them  among 

There  fate  a  Man  of  ripe  and  perfe6l  age, 

Who  did  them  meditate  all  his  life  long. 

That  through  continuall  pra6tife  and  ufage 

He  now  was  growne  right  wise  and  wondrous 

fage : 
Great  plefure  had  thofe  flraunger  Knightes 

to  fee 
His  goodly  reason  and  grave  perfonage, 
That  his  difciples  both  defyrd  to  bee : 
But  Alma  thence   them   led   to   th'   hindmofl 

rowme  of  three. 

LV. 
That  chamber  feemed  ruinous  and  old, 
And  therefore  was  removed  far  behind, 
Yet  were  the  wals,  that  did  the  fame  uphold, 

LIV.  C.     7V/frc/a/e  a  Man]     Tht  Judgement.    Church. 


CANTO  IX.    THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  77 

Right  firme  and  flrong,  though  fomwhat  they 

dechnd  ; 
And  therein  fat  an  Old  old  Man,  halfe  bUnd, 
And  all  decrepit  in  his  feeble  corfe, 
Yet  lively  vigour  refted  in  his  mind, 
And  recompenft  them  with  a  better  fcorfe : 
Weake  body  well  is  chang'd  for  minds  redoubled 

forfe. 

LVI. 
This  Man  of  infinite  remembraunce  was, 
And  things  foregone  through  many  ages  held, 
"Which  he  recorded  ftill  as  they  did  pas, 
Ne  fuffred  them  to  perifli  through  long  eld. 
As  all  thin2:s  els  the  which  this  world  doth 

weld ; 
But  laid  them  up  in  his  immortall  ferine, 
Where  they  for  ever  incorrupted  dweld : 
The  warres  he  well  remembred  of  king  Nine, 
Of  old  Aflaracus,  and  Inachus  divine. 

LVII. 

The  yeares  of  Neflor  nothing  were  to  his, 
Ne  yet  Mathufalem,  though  longeft  \Wd ; 
For  he  remembred  both  their  infancis : 
Ne  wonder  then  if  that  he  were  deprived 

LV.  8. fcorfe:]     Exchange.     See 

Lye  in  Junius  :  "  Scourfe  has  the  fame  fignification  with  cofcy 
to  exchange.  In  Devonfliire  they  ftill  ufe/co/e."  So  Drayton. 
Folyolb.  p.  196. 

"  after  they  ftiould /cor/e 

"  Blows  with  the  big-boan'd  Dane."    Church. 


78  THE    FAERIE    QUEEXE.  BOOK  IT. 

Of  native  ftrength  now  that  he  them  farviv'd. 
His  chamber  all  was  hangd  about  with  rolls 
And  old  records  from  auncient  times  derivd. 
Some  made  in  books,  fome  in  long  parchment 
fc  rolls,     . 
That  were  all  worm-eaten  and  full  of  canker 
holes. 

LVIII. 

Amidft  them  all  he  in  a  chaire  was  fett, 
Toffuig  and  turning  them  withouten  end; 
But  for  he  was  unliable  them  to  fett, 
A  litle  Boy  did  on  him  ftill  attend 
To  reach,  whenever  he  for  ought  did  fend  ; 
And  oft  when  thinges  were  loft,  or  laid  amis, 
'i'hat  Boy  them  fought  and   unto   him   did 

lend  : 
Therefore  he  Anamneftes  cleped  is  ; 

And  that  Old  Man  Eumneftes,  by  their  pro- 
pertis. 

LVIII.  3.     But  for]     But  bccaiifc.     Church. 
LVIII.  8.     Therefore  he  Anamneftes  cleped  h  ; 

And  that  Old  Man  Eunnieftes,  bi]  their  -proper tis.^ 
Thefe  two  are  known  "  by  their  properties."  The  old  man, 
being  of  infinite  remembrance,  was  hence  called  Eumncjles,  from 
iv  bene  and  fj.tr.^ri,  memoria,  ^vvcrdviut,  mcminijjc.  And  the  boy, 
that  attended  on  this  old  man  was  called  Anamneftes,  from 
i^a/^oaw,  or  uvxuii/.ificy.u,  rcminijcor,  recordor.  How  then  does 
the  fervant  difier  from  his  mafter  ?  But  this  fervant  was  to 
attend  on  his  mafter ;  and  I  am  apt  to  believe  that  our  learned 
poet  gave  the  old  man  ojvivjl  excellent  memory,  a  fervant  whom 
the  ancients  called  Anagnojlcs,  'A*xyvuTr,^,  whofe  office  was  to 
read,  and  to  be  employed  about  literary  affairs, 

"  And  oft  when  thinges  were  loft,  or  laid  amifs, 
"  That  boy  them  fought  and  unto  him  did  lead." 


CANTO  IX.         THE  FAERIE  QUEEN'E*  79 

LIX. 

The  Knightes  there  entring  did  him  reverence 
dew, 
And  wondred  at  his  endlelTe  exercife. 
Then  as  they  gan  his  hbrary  to  vew, 
And  antique  regefters  for  to  avife, 
There  chaunced  to  the  Princes  hand  to  rize 
An  auncient  booke,  hight  Briton  Monimcnts, 
That  of  this  lands  firft  conqueft  did  devize, 
And  old  diviiion  into  regiments, 

Till  it  reduced  was  to  one  mans  governements, 

LX. 

Sir  Guyon  chaunft  eke  on  another  booke, 
That  hight  Antiquitee  of  Faery  Lond : 
In  which  whenas  he  greedily  did  looke, 
Th'  ofspring  of  Elves  and  Fa  ryes  there  he 

fond, 
As  it  delivered  was  from  liond  to  bond : 


So  Cicero,  Ad  Attic.  "  Puer  feftivus  anagnojlcs  nofter."  And 
Cornel.  Nep.  "  In  familiS.  erant  pueri  literatiffimi,  anagnojice 
optimi."     Upton. 

LIX.  4. avife,]     To  look  upon. 

See  ll.  38.     Church. 

LIX.  6. Briton  Moni?nents,]     That  is, 

Britons  monuments,  or,  The  antiquities  of  Britain.  See  the 
note,  F.  Q.  i.  vi.  27.     Church. 

LIX.  8.  And  old  diiijiun  iutu  regiments,]  That  is,  indepen- 
dent governments :  Csel'ar  tells  us  that  Britain  was  divided  into 
various  provinces,  and  ruled  by  various  petty  kings,  "  Till  it 
reduced  was  to  one  man's  governments  :"  he  means  here  Prince 
Arthur.  See  F.  Q.  ii.  x.  49-  Geoffry  of  Monmouth  gives  an 
account  of  Arthur's  reigning  fole  monarch  in  this  ifland ;  to  fay 
nothing  of  the  more  fabulous  Romance  Hifiory  of  Prince 
Arthur.     Uptons 


so  THE  FAERIE  QCEENE.     BOOK  IL 

Whereat  they,  burning  l)oth  with  fervent  fire 
Their  Coiintreys  Aunceftry  to  underflond* 
Crav'cl  leave  of  Ahiia  and  that  aoed  Sire 
To  read  thofe  bookes ;   who  gladly  graunted 
their  defire. 


LX.  S.     Crat'd  leave  of  Alma  and  that  aged  Sire 

To  read  thai V  hookfs ;']  It  might  be  objefted,  that 
tlie  adion  is  rather  t<»o  much  retarded  in  the  following  book, 
by  making  Prince  Arthur  read  the  hiftory  of  England,  as 
written  in  (icotVry  of  Monmouth,  or  in  fome  Briton  moninicnts  : 
and  by  making  Sir  Cruyon  only  read  the  hiftory,  or  the  book, 
of  the  Fairies.  Why  did  not  this  old  man,  wiio  remembered 
all  things  fo  well,  give  the  Prince  an  account  of  his  ro^^al 
anceftors  ?  To  this  I  anfwer,  that  Spenfer  loves  variety  fo 
much,  that  he  feems  determined  to  make  fome  difference 
between  the  hiftory  of  Britain,  which  precedes  the  times  of 
Arthur,  as  told  in  the  following  Book  ;  and  the  hiftory  of 
Britain,  which  was  fubfequcnt  to  the  times  of  Arthur,  as  re- 
lated by  Merlin,  F,  Q.  iii.  Let  it  be  added  likewife,  that  the 
whole  tenor  and  plan  of  the  poem  require,  that  Prince  Arthur 
fliould  be  kept  in  fufpenfe  both  with  refpedt  to  what  he  is  him- 
felf,  and  who  were  his  parents  :  now  the  artful  breaking  off  of 
the  hiftory  keeps  up  this  fufpenfe :  and  how  this  is  contrived 
may  be  feen  in  F.  Q.  ii.  x.  6"7.  Whether  the  ftories  or  tales 
of  the  Fairies,  with  their  various  kings  and  genealogy,  ftiould 
not  rather  have  been  introduced  by  narration,  I  ftiall  not  dif- 
pute  ;  and,  while  the  Prince  was  reading  the  Briton  inuniments, 
old  Eumneftes  might  have  related  the  wonderful  tales  of  the 
Fairies,  mixing  proper  allufions  and  allegories  with  a  view  to 
Britain,  the  proper  Fairy  land.  But  I  fuppofe  our  poet  had 
his  reafons  for  this  likewife.     Uptoj*. 


XXII.  1.     Seep.  57. 

The  frame  thereof  feemed  partly  circularCy 
And  part  triangulare ;  0  vorke  divine  ! 
Thoft  two  thcjirjl  and  loft  proportions  are  ; 
The  one  impeifeci,  mart  all,  fceminine, 
Th'  other  immortal,  perfed,  mafculine  ;  &c. 

To  my  Honourable  Friend,  Sir  Fdward  Esterlino,  alias 


(^ANTO  IX:.  THE  FAERIE  QUEEXE.  8l 

Stradling,  aboard  his  Siiip.  Mi/ n/ojl  honoured  Friend:  Iain 
too  vvell  acquainted  with  the  weaknelies  of  mine  abilities  (fur 
unlit  to  undergo  fuch  a  talk  as  I  have  in  hand)  to  flatter  my- 
lelf  with  the  hope  I  may  either  inform  your  underftanding,  or 
do  myfelf  honour  by  what  I  am  to  write.  But  I  am  fo  delirous 
you  ihould  be  polVelied  with  the  true  knowledge  of  what  a  bent 
will  I  have  upon  all  occalions,  to  do  you  fervice,  that  obe- 
dience to  your  command  weigheth  much  more  with  me  than 
the  lawfulnefs  of  any  excufe  can,  to  preferve  me  from  giving 
vou  in  writing  fuch  a  teftimony  of  my  ignorance,  and  erring 
phantafies,  as  I  fear  this  v/iU  prove.  Therefore,  without  any 
more  circumftance,  I  will,  as  I  can,  deliver  to  you  in  this  paper 
what  the  other  day  I  difcourfed  to  you  upon  the  2'2d  Staff  of 
the  ninth  Canto,  in  the  fecond  Book  of  that  matchlefs  poem, 
T/ie  Faerie  Queene,  written  by  our  Engliih  Virgil,  whofe  words 
are  thefe  : 

"  The  frame  thereof  feem'd  partly  circulare, 
"  And  pait  triangulare  :  O  work  divine  ! 
"  Tliofe  two  the  lirft  and  laft  proportions  are; 
*'  "i'he  one  imperfed,  mortall,  fceminine, 
"  Th'  other  immortal,  perfed,  mafculine  : 
"  And  'twixt  them  both  a  quadrate  was  the  bafe, 
"  Proportiond  equally  by  feven  and  nine  ; 
"   Nine  was  the  circle  fett  hi  heavens  place, 
"  All  which  compared  made  a  goodly  diapafe." 
In  this  Staft'  the  author  feems  to  me  to  proceed  in  a  differing 
manner  from  what  he  doth    elfewhere,  generally  through   his 
whole  book ;  for  in  other  places,    altho'  the  beginning  of  his 
allegory  or  myliical  fenfe  may  be   obfcure,  yet  in  the  procefs 
of  it  he  doth  himfelf  declare  his  own  conceptions  in  fuch  fort, 
as  they  are  obvious  to  any  ordinary  capacity  :   But  in  this  he 
feems  only  to  glance  at  the  profoundeft  notions  that  any  fcience 
can  deliver  us ;  and   then  on  a  fudden,   as  it  were  recalling 
himfelf  out  of  an  enthufiafm,  he  returns  to  the  gentle  relation 
of  the  allegorical  hiftory  he  had  begun,  leaving  his  readers  to 
wander  up  and  down  in  much  obfcurity,   and  to  come  within 
much  danger  of  errinw  at  his  intention  in  thefe  lines ;  which  I 
conceive  to  be  didated  by  fuch  a  learned  fpirit,   and  fo  gene- 
rally a  knowing  foul,  that  were  there   nothing  elfe  extant  of 
Spenfer's  writing,  yet  thefe  few  words  would  make  me  efteem 
him  no  whit  inferior  to  the  mofl  famous  men  that  ever  have 
been  in  any  age ;  as  giving  an  evident  teftimony  herein,  that 
he  was  thoroughly   verfed   in   the  mathematical   fciences,  in 
philofophy,    and  in  divinity ;  to  which  this  might  ferve  for  an 
ample   theme    to    make   large   commentaries    upon.     In    my 

VOL.  IV.  G 


S<2  THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  BOOK  IT. 

praifes  upon    this  I'ubjecl,    I  ;iin   confident,  tluit  the  worth  of 
tUe  antlior  will  prcferve  me  from  this  ccnfure  ;  that  my  igno- 
rance only  begets  this  admiralion,  fince  he  luith  written  nothing 
that   is  iiot  admirable.     But  that  it  may  appear  I  am  guided 
fomewhat  by  my  own  judgement  (though  it  be  a  mean  one)  and 
not  by  implicit  failh  ;  and    that   I  may  in   the  bed  manner   I 
can  comply  wiih  what  you  cxped  from  me,   I  will  no  longer 
hold  vou  in  fufjience,  but  begin  immediately  (though  abruptly) 
with  the  declaration  of  what  I  conceive  to  be  the  true  fenfe  of 
this   phice,  which    I   Hiall  not    go    about   to  adorn   with   any 
plauUbJe  difcourfes,   or  with  authorities   and   examples  drawn 
from  others  writings;  (fince  my  want  both  of  conveniency  and 
learning  would  make  me  fall  very  (hort  herein  ;)  but  it  (hall  be 
enough  for  me  to  intimate  mine  own  conceptions,  and  ofler 
them  up  to  you  in  their  own  fimple  and  naked  form,  leaving 
to  your  better  judgement  the  examination   of  the  weight  of 
them ;   and   after  perufal   of  them,  beleeching  you  to  reduce 
them  and  me,   if  you   perceive  us  erring.     It  is  evident,  that 
tlie  author's   intention   in  this  Canto,  is  to  defcribe  the  body 
of  a  man   informed  with  a  rational   foul  ;  and  in  profecution 
of  that  dcfign,   he   fets   down  particularly  the  feveral  parts  of 
the  one,  and  of  the  other.     But  \n  this  Stanza  he  comprehends 
the   general    defcrijition  of  them  both,  as    (being  joined  to- 
gether to  frame  a  compleat  man)  they  make  one  perfect  com- 
pound ;  which  will   tiie  better  appear   by  taking  a  furvey  of 
every  feveral  claufe  thereof  by  itfelf. 

"  Tiie  frame  thereof  ieem'd  partly  circulare, 
"  And  part  triangulare," 
By  thefe  figures  I  conceive   that  he  means  the  mind  and 
body  of  man  ;  the  firft  being  by  him  compared  to  a  circle,  and 
the  latter   to  a  triangle  :   For  as  a  circle   of  all  figures  is  the 
moft  perfect,  and   includeth   the  greateft  fpace,   and  is  every 
way  full,  and  without  angles,  made  by  the  continuance  of  one 
only  line  ;  fo   man's  foul   is  the  nobleft  and    moft  beautiful 
creature  that  God  hath  created,  and  by  it  we  are  capable  of 
the  greateft  gifts  that  God  can  beftow,  which  are  grace,  glory, 
and  hypoftatical   union    of  the   human   nature  to  the  divine  ; 
and  flie  enjoyeth  perfect  freedom  and  liberty  in  all  her  adtions, 
and  is  made  without  compofition  (which   no  figures  are  that 
have  angles,  for  they  are  caufed  by  the  coincidence  of  feveral 
lines,)  but  of  one  pure  fubfiance,  which  was  by  God  breathed 
into  a  body  made  of  fuch  compounded  earth,  as  in  the  pre- 
ceding Stanza  the  author   defcribes :  And   this  is  the  exad 
image  of  him  that  breathed  it,   reprefenting  him  as  fully  as  it 
is  potlible  for  any  creature  which  is  infinitely  difiant  from  a 


Canto  ix.       the  faerie  queen^E*  83 

creator ;  For  as  God  hath  neither  beginning  nor  ending,  (o 
neither  of  thefe  can  be  found  in  a  circle;  ulthoiiijh  that  beins 
made  of  the  fuccellive  motion  of  a  line,  it  mult  be  fuppoled 
to  have  a  befjinnintr  fomewhere.  God  is  comuared  to  a  circle, 
whofe  centre  is  every  where,  but  his  circumference  no  where  ; 
but  man's  foul  is  a  circle,  whole  circumference  is  limited  by 
the  true  centre  of  it,  which  is  only  God  :  for  as  a  circum- 
ference doth  in  all  parts  alike  refpect  that  indivilible  point, 
and  as  all  lines  drawn  from  the  inner  lide  of  it  do  make  right 
angles  within  it,  when  thev  meet  therein,  fo  all  the  interior 
adions  of  man's  foul  ought  to  have  no  other  refpeclive  point 
to  direct  themfelves  unto  but  God  ;  and  as  long  as  they  make 
right  angh's,  which  is,  that  they  keep  the  exaCb  middle  of 
virtue,  and  declme  not  to  either  of  the  fides,  uhere  the  con* 
trary  vices  dwell,  they  cannot  fail  but  meet  in  their  centre. 

Bv  the  triangular  figure  he  very  aptly  defigns  the  body: 
For  as  the  circle  is  of  all  other  figures  the  moft  perfect  and 
mofl  capacious  :  fo  the  triangle  is  moft  im.perfect,  and  includes 
leait  fpace :  It  is  the  firft  and  loweft  of  all  figures;  for  fewer 
than  three  right  lines  cannot  comprehend  and  inclofe  a  fuper- 
ficies;  having  but  three  angles,  thev  are  all  acute  (if  it  be 
equilateral)  and  but  equal  to  two  right,  in  which  refpedt  all 
other  regukw  figures,  confifting  of  more  than  three  Imes,  do 
exceed  it. 

INIay  not  thefe  be  refembled  to  the  three  great  compounded 
elements  in  man's  body,  to  vcit,  fait,  fulphur  and  mercury  ? 
which  mingled  together  make  the  natural  heat  and  radical 
moifture,  the  two  qualities  whereby  man  liveth.  For  the  more 
lines  that  go  to  comprehend  a  figure,  the  more  and  greater 
the  angles  are,  and  the  nearer  it  comes  to  the  perfedion  and 
capacity  of  a  circle. 

A  triangle  is  compofed  of  feveral  lines,  and  they  of  points, 
which  yet  do  not  make  a  quantity  by  being  contiguous  to  one 
another,  but  rather  the  motion  of  them  doth  defcribe  the 
lines :  In  like  manner  the  body  of  man  is  compounded  of  the 
four  elements,  which  are  made  of  the  four  primary  qualities, 
Tjot  compounded  of  them  (for  they  are  but  accidents)  but  by 
their  operation  upon  the  firlt  matter. 

And  as  a  triangle  hath  three  lines,  fo  a  folid  body  hath 
three  dimenfions,  to  nit,  longitude,  latitude,  and  profundity  : 
But  of  all  bodies  man  is  of  the  loweft  rank  (as  the  triangle  is 
among  figures)  being  compofed  of  the  elements,  \\'inch  make 
it  liable  to  alteration  and  corruption.  In  which  confideratioii 
of  the  dignity  of  bodies,  I  divide  them,  by  a  general  divifiou, 
into  fubluuary,  which  are  the  elementated  ones ;  and  ssthereal 

G  2 


84  THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.     BOOK  IT« 

(which  are  fuppofed  to  be  of  their  own  nature  incorruptible;) 
and  peradventure  there  are  Ibme  other  fpec.ies  of  corporeal 
fubltanccs,  which  is  not  of  this  place  to  difpute. 
"  O  work  divine  !" 
Certainly  of  all  God's  works  the  noblcft  and  the  perfefteft 
is  man,  and  for  whom  indeed  all  others  were  done  :  For  if  we 
conlider  liis  foul,  it  is  the  very  image  of  God  ;  if  his  body,  it  is 
adorned  with  the  greateft  beauty  and  moll  excellent  fymmetry 
of  parts  of  any  created  thing  ;  whereby  it  witnefleth  the  per- 
fe»5tion  of  the  architect,  that  of  fo  droffy  mold  is  able  to  make 
lo  rare  a  fabric;  if  his  operations,  they  are  free;  if  his  end,  it 
is  eternal  glory ;  and  if  you  take  altogether,  man  is  a  little 
world,  an  exad  tvjie  of  the  great  world,  and  of  God  himfelf. 
But  in  all  this,  methinks,  the  admirableft  work  is  the  joining 
together  of  the  two  different,  and  indeed  oppofite,  fubltances 
in  man,  to  make  one  perfed  compound,  the  foul  and  the 
body,  which  are  of  fo  contrary  a  nature,  that  their  uniting 
leems  to  be  a  miracle  :  for  how  can  the  one  inform  and  work 
in  the  other,  fince  there  is  no  mean  of  operation  (that  we 
know  of)  between  a  fpiritual  fubftance  and  a  corporeal  ?  yet 
we  fee  tliat  it  doth.  As  hard  it  is  to  find  the  true  proportion 
between  a  circle  and  a  triangle  ;  yet  that  there  is  a  juft  pro- 
portion, and  that  they  may  be  equal,  .\rcliimedes  las  left  us  an 
ingenious  demonftration  ;  but  in  reducing  it  to  a  problem,  it  fails 
in  this,  That  becaufe  the  proportion  between  a  crooked  line 
and  a  ftraight  one  is  not  known,  one  mult  make  ufe  of  a  me- 
chanick  way  of  nieafuring  tiie  periphery  of  the  one,  to  con- 
vert it  to  the  tide  of  the  other. 

"  Tliofe  two  the  firil  and  lafl:  proportions  are." 
What  I  have  already  faid  concerning  a  circle  and  a  triangle, 
doth  futJiciently  unfold  what  is  meant  in  this  verfe ;  yet  it  will 
not  be  amifs  to  fpeak  one  word  more  hereof  in  this  place.  All 
things  tliat  have  exiftence  may  be  divided  into  three  claffes, 
which  are  either  what  is  pure  and  fnnple  in  itfelf,  or  what 
hath  a  nature  compounded  of  what  is  limple,  or  what  hath  a 
nature  compounded  of  what  is  compounded.  In  continued 
quantity  this  may  be  exemplified  by  a  point,  a  line,  and  a 
fuperficies,  in  bodies  ;  and  in  numbers,  by  an  unity,  a  denary, 
and  a  centenary.  The  lii  ll,  which  is  only  pure  and  fnigle,  like 
an  iiidivililjle  pr)int,  or  an  unity,  hath  relation  only  to  the 
divine  nature;  that  point  then  moving  in  a  fpherical  manner 
(which  ferves  to  exprefs  the  perfections  of  God's  adions) 
defcriljcs  the  circles  of  our  fouls,  and  of  angels,  and  of  intel- 
lectual fubftances,  winch  are  of  a  pure  and  limple  nature ; 
bat  reccivetli  tliat  from  what  is  fo  in  a  perfeder  manner,  and 


CANTO   IX.  THE  FAERIE  QUEEXE.  85 

that  hath  his  from  none  elfe  ;  like  lines  that  are  made  by  the 
flowing  of  points,  or  denaries,  that  are  compofcd  of  unities, 
beyond  both  which  there  is  nothing. 

In  the  laft  place,  bodies  are  to  be  ranked,  which  are  com- 
pofed  of  the  elements,  and  they  likewife  fuffer  conipofition, 
and  may  very  well  be  compared  to  the  loweft  of  the  figures, 
which  are  compofed  of  lines,  that  owe  their  being  to  points 
(and  fuch  are  triangles)  or  to  centenaries,  that  are  compofed 
of  denaries,  and  they  of  unities.  But  if  we  will  compare  thefe 
together  by  proportion,  God  mull  be  left  out ;  fince  there  is 
as  infinite  diliance  between  the  fimplicity  and  perfection  of  his 
nature,  and  the  compofition  and  imperfection  of  all  created 
fubftances,  as  there  is  between  an  indivifible  point,  and  a  con- 
tinuate  quantity ;  or  between  a  fimple  unity  and  a  compound 
number ;  fo  that  only  the  other  two  kinds  of  fubftance  do 
enter  into  this  confideration  ;  and  of  them  I  have  already 
proved,  that  man's  foul  is  one  of  the  nobleft,  being  dignified 
by  hypoftatical  union  above  all  other  intellectual  fubltances, 
and  his  elementated  body  of  the  other,  the  moll  low  and  cor- 
ruptible; whereby  it  is  evident,  that  thefe  two  are  the  firll 
and  laft  proportions,  both  in  refpect  of  their  own  figure,  and 
of  what  they  exprefs. 

*'  The  one  imperfedl,  mortall,  foeminine, 
"  Th'  other  immortal,  perfect,  mafculine." 
INIan's  body  hath  all  the  properties  of  imperfect  matter ;  it 
is  but  tlie  patient ;  of  itfelf  alone  it  can  do  nothing :  it  is 
liable  to  corruption  and  diffolution,  if  it  once  be  deprived  of 
the  form,  which  actuates  it,  and  which  is  incorruptible  and 
immortal. 

And  as  the  feminine  fex  is  imperfect,  and  receives  perfection 
from  the  mafculine ;  fo  doth  the  body  from  the  foul,  which  to 
it  is  in  lieu  of  a  male:  And  as   in  corporeal  generations  the 
female  affords  but  grofs  and  palhve  matter,  to  which  the  male 
gives  active  heat,    and  prolifical  virtue ;  fo  in  fpiritual  genera- 
tions  (which  are  the  operations  of  the  mind)    the  body  admi- 
nifters  only  the  organs,  which,   if  they  were  not  employed  by 
the  foul,  would  of  themfelves  ferve  to  nothing.     And  as  there 
is  a  mutual  appetence  between  the  male  and   the  female,  be- 
tween matter  and  form  ;  fo   there   is   between  the   body  and 
foul  of  man  :   But  what  ligament  they  have,   our   author  de- 
fineth  not,  (and  it  may  be   reafon  is  not  able  to  attain  to  it,) 
yet  he  tells  us  what  is  the  foundation  that  this  machine  refts 
upon,  and  what  keeps  the  parts  together,  in  thefe  words : 
"  And  'twixt  them  both  a  quadrate  was  the  bale," 
By  which  quadrate  I  conceive  that  he  meanelh  the  four  prin- 

G  3 


86  THE  lAERIE  QUEEXE.     BOOK  11. 

cipal  humors  in  man's  body,  to  uit,  choler,  blood,  phlegm,  and 
melaiic-holy  :  uliicli,  if  they  be  difiempercd  and  unfitly  mingled, 
the  diliblution  ot"  tlic  whole  dolh  iunneduitcly  enl'uc  :  like  to  a, 
building  which  falls  to  ruin,  if  the  foundation  or  bafe  of  it  be 
unibund  or  diibrdercd.  And  in  foine  of  thefe  the  vital  fpirits 
are  contained  and  preferved,  which  the  other  keep  in  con- 
venient teni})er  ;  and  as  long  as  they  do  fo,  the  foul  and  the 
body  dwell  together  like  good  friends  :  So  that  thefe  four  are 
the  bafe  of  the  conjundion  of  the  other  two,  both  which,  he 
i'ailli,  are 

"  Proportion'd  equally  by  feven  and  nine." 
In  whicli  words  I  underftand,  that  he  meaneth  the  influences 
of  the  fuperior  I'ubllanccs,  which  govern  the  inferior,  into  the 
two  diftering  parts  of  man,  to  wit,  of  the  ftars  (the  inoft 
powerful  of  which  are  the  feven  planets)  into  his  body,  and 
of  the  angels  (divided  into  nine  hierarchies  or  orders)  into  his 
foul,  which,  in  his  Aftrophcl,  he  faith,  is 

"  By  foveraign  choice  from  th'  heavenly  quires  felecl, 
"  And  lineally  deriv'd  from  angels  j-ace." 
And  as  much  as  the  one  govern  the  body,  fo  much  the 
other  do  the  mind ;  wherein  is  to  be  confidered,  that  fome  are 
of  opinion,  how  at  the  inftant  of  a  child's  conception,  or 
rather,  more  efieftnally,  at  the  inftant  of  his  birth,  the  con- 
ceived fperm,  or  tender  body,  doth  receive  fucli  inihience  of 
the  heavens,  as  then  reign  over  that  place  where  the  con- 
ception or  birth  is  made  ;  and  all  the  ftars,  and  virtual  ])laces 
of  the  celel'tial  orbs,  participating  of  the  qualities  of  the  feven 
planets  ;  according  to  the  which  they  are  diftributed  into  fo 
many  clafies,  or  the  compounds  of  them,  it  comes  to  pafs, 
that  according  to  the  variety  of  the  feveral  afpects  of  the  one 
and  the  other,  there  are  various  inclinations  and  qualities  in 
mens'  bodies,  but  all  reduced  to  i'even  general  heads,  and  the 
compounds  of  them  ;  which  being  to  be  varied  innumeral)le 
ways,  caufe  as  many  ditierent  cti'ects,  yet  the  influence  of  fome 
one  planet  continually  predoniinatjng :  But  when  the  matter 
in  the  woman's  womb  is  capable  of  a  foul  to  inform  it,  then 
God  lendetli  one  from  heaven  into  it. 

"  Eternal  God 

"  In  parudiic  whilome  did  plant  this  flower, 
"  Wiience  lie  it  fetch'd  out  of  her  native  place, 
"  And  did  in  ftock  of  earthly  flefli  enrace." 
And  this  opinion  the  author  exprelfeth  himfelf  more  plainly 
to  be  of,  in  another  work,  where  he  faith, 

"  There  flie  beholds  with  iiigli  alpiring  thought, 

"  The  cradle  of  her  own  creation, 

''  Emongft  the  feats  of  angels,  heaveuly  wrought," 


CANTO   IX.  THE  FAERIE  QUEEXE.  87 

Which  whether  it  hath  been  created  ever  fincc  the  beginning 
of  the  world,  and  rel'erved  in  lume  lit  phice  till  due  time,  or 
be  created  on  the  emergent  occafion,  no  man  can  tell :  But 
certain  it  is,  that  it  is  immortal,  according  to  what  I  faid  be- 
fore, when  I  fpake  of  the  circle,  which  hath  no  ending,  and  an 
uncertain  begimiing. 

The  meffengers  to  convey  which  foul  into  the  body  are  the 
intelligences  which  move  the  orbs  of  heaven,  who,  according 
to  their  feveral  natures,  communicate  to  it  feveral  proprieties, 
and  they  moft,  who  are  governors  of  thofe  ftars  at  that  inftant, 
who  have  the  fuperiority  in  the  planetary  afpeds  ;  whereby  it 
conies  to  pals,  that  in  all  inclinations  there  is  much  aflinity 
between  the  foul  and  the  body,  being  that  the  like  is  between 
the  intelligences  and  the  ftars,  both  which  conmiunicate  their 
virtues  to  each  of  them.  And  thefe  angels  being,  as  I  faid  be- 
fore, of  nhie  feveral  hierarchies,  there  are  fo  many  principal 
differences  in  human  fouls,  which  participate  moft  of  their  pro- 
perties, with  whom,  in  their  defcent,  they  made  the  longeft 
ftay,  and  that  had  molt  active  power  to  work  on  them,  and  ac- 
companied them  with  a  peculiar  genius ;  which  is,  according 
to  their  feveral  governments,  like  the  fame  kind  of  water  that, 
running  through  various  conduits  wherein  feveral  aromatick 
and  odoriferous  things  are  laid,  do  require  feveral  kinds  of 
tafte  and  fmells  ;  for  it  is  fuppofed,  that  in  their  firft  creation 
all  fouls  are  alike,  and  that  their  differing  proprieties  arrive 
to  them  afterwards,  wiien  they  pals  tlirough  the  fplieres  of  the 
governing  intelligences  ;  fo  that  by  fuch  their  influence  it  may 
truly  be  faid, 

"  Nine  was  the  circle  fet  in  heaven's  place." 

Which  verfe,  by  afligning  this  office  to  the  nine,  and  the 
proper  place  to  the  circle,  gives  much  light  to  what  is  faid  be- 
fore. And  for  further  conlirmation  that  this  is  the  author's 
opinion,  read  attentively  the  lixth  Canto  of  the  Third  Book, 
where  molt  learnedly,  and  at  large,  he  delivers  the  tenets  of 
this  philofophy ;  and  for  that  I  commend  to  you  to  take  par- 
ticular notice  of  tlie  fecond,  and  thirty-fecond  Stanzas,  as  alio 
the  lalt  of  his  Epithalamium  ;  and  furveying  his  works,  you 
lliall  find  him  a  conftant  difciple  of  Plato's  fchoul. 

"  All  which  compaiHcd  made  a  goodly  diapafe." 

In  nature  there  is  not  to  be  found  a  more  compleat  and 
more  exad  concordance  of  all  parts,  than  that  which  is  be- 
tween the  compaction  and  conjuncHon  of  the  body  and  foul  of 
man  ;  both  which,  although  they  confilt  of  many  and  moft  dif- 
ferent faculties  and  parts,  5'et  when  they  keep  due  time  with 
cne  another,  they  altogether  make  the  moft  perfect  harmony 

G   4 


88  THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.     BOOK  II, 

that  can  be  imagined.  And  as  the  nature  of  founds  (that  con-. 
fift  of  friendly  confonants  and  accords)  is  to  mingle  themfclves 
vith  one  another,  and  to  Hide  into  the  car  with  much  fweet- 
nefs,  where  by  their  unity  they  lall  a  long  lime,  and  delight  it; 
whereas,  contrarily,  dilcords  continually  jar  and  fight  together, 
and  will  not  mingle  with  one  another  ;  but  all  of  them  Ibiving 
to  have  the  victory,  their  reluchition  and  diforder  gives  a 
fpeedy  end  to  their  founds,  which  ftrike  the  ear  in  a  harlli  and 
offenlive  manner,  and  there  die  in  the  very  beginning  of  their 
conllicK  in  like  manner,  when  a  man's  adtions  are  regular, 
directed  towards  God,  they  become  like  the  lines  of  a  circle, 
which  all  meet  in  the  centre;  then  his  mufick  is  molt  excellent 
and  compleat,  and  all  together  are  the  authors  of  that  blelVcd 
harmony  winch  maketh  him  happy  in  the  glorious  vifion  of 
God's  perfections,  wherein  the  mind  is  filled  with  high  know- 
ledges, and  moft  pleafmg  contemplations  ;  and  the  fenfes  are, 
afc  it  were,  drowned  with  eternal  delight  ;  and  nothing  can  in- 
terrupt this  joy,  this  liappinefs,  v.hich  is  an  evcrlafting  diapafe: 
Wliereas,  on  the  contrary,  if  a  man's  anions  be  diforderly,  and 
confillmg  of  (iifcords,  which  is,  when  the  fenlitivc  part  rebels, 
and  wreftles  with  the  rational,  and  ftriving  to  opprefs  it,  then 
this  mulick  is  fpoiled  ;  and  inllead  of  eternal  life,  pleafure, 
and  joy,  it  caufeth  perpetual  death,  horror,  pain,  and  mi- 
lery  ;  which  unfortunate  eftate  the  poet  defcribcs  elfewhcre,  as 
in  the  conclufion  of  this  Staft"  he  intimates.  The  other  happy 
one,  which  is  tlie  nevf-r-failing  reward  of  fuch  an  obedient 
body,  and  tethercal  and  virtuous  mind,  as  he  makes  to  be  the 
feat  of  the  bright  virgin  Alma,  man's  worthieft  inhabitant, 
Ileafon.  Her  1  feel  to  fj^eak  within  me,  and  chide  me  for  my 
bold  attempt,  warning  me  to  ftray  no  further.  For  what  I 
have  faid  (confidering  how  weakly  it  is  faid)  your  command  is 
all  the  excufe  that  I  can  )>retend  ;  but  fiace  mv  defire  to  obey 
may  be  feen  as  well  in  a  few  lines,  as  in  a  large  diitourfe,  it 
were  indil'cretion  in  me  to  trouble  von  with  more,  and  to  dif- 
cover  to  you  more  of  my  ignorance  :  I  will  only  beg  pardon  of 
you  for  tins  blotted  and  interlined  paper,  whofe  contents  are 
lo  mean,  that  it  cannot  deferve  the  pains  of  a  tranfcription  ; 
which  if  you  make  dilliculty  to  grant  to  it  for  my  lake,  let  it 
obtain  it  for  having  !)cen  yours  ;  and  now  I  return  to  you  alfo 
the  book  that  contains  my  text,  which  yefterday  you  fent  me, 
to  fit  this  part  cf  it  with  a  comment,  which,  peradventure,  I 
might  have  performed  better,  if  either  I  had  afforded  myfelf 
more  time,  or  had  had  the  convenience  of  fome  other  books, 
apt  to  quicken  my  invention,  to  whom  I  might  have  been  be- 
holden for  enlarging  my  underftanding  in  fome  things  that  are 


CANTO   IX.  THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  89 

treated  here,  although  the  application  Hiould  ftill  have  been 
my  own  :  With  thele  helps,  perhajis,  I  miglit  have  dived  far- 
ther uito  the  author's  intention,  the  depth  of  which  cannot  be 
founded  by  any  that  is  lefs  learned  than  he  was.  But  I  per- 
fuade  myfelf  very  ftrongly,  that  in  what  I  have  faid  there  is 
nothing  contradidory  to  it ;  and  that  an  intelligent  and  well- 
learned  man,  proceeding  on  my  grounds,  might  compofe  a 
worthy  and  true  commentary  on  tliis  theme;  upon  which  I 
wonder  how  I  ftambled,  confidering  how  many  learned  men 
have  failed  in  the  interpretation  of  it,  and  have  all  at  the  firll 
hearing  approved  my  opinion.  But  it  was  fortune  that  made 
me  falf  upon  it,  when  firft  this  Stanza  was  read  unto  me  for  au 
indiflbluble  riddle:  and  the  fame  difcourfe  I  made  upon  it,  the 
lirll  half  quarter  of  an  hour  that  I  faw  it,  I  fend  you  here, 
without  having  reduced  it  to  any  better  form,  or  added  any- 
thing at  all  unto  it,  which  I  befeech  you  receive  benignly,  as 
coming  from  your  moft  atiectionate  friend,  and  humble  fervant, 

Kenhelm  Digbv. 

Perhaps  the  reader  might  have  thought  fome  fraud  intended 
him,  if,  having  heard  that  Sir  K.  Digby  had  commented  on 
this  myfterious  ftanza,  he  fliould  have  found  no  notice  taken  of 
it  in  my  notes ;  which  I  am  very  glad  were  written  before  I 
had  fuffered  myfelf  to  have  been  prepoU'elfed  by  this  ingenious 
adept,  whofe  letter  was  tirft  printed  in  Ib'-l-!-,  and  afterwards 
reprinted  in  a  c:ollection  of  letters,  entitled  Cnbala. 

The  poet,  in  the  former  Stanza,  having  confidered  this  our 
earthly  building,  this  tabernacle  and  ho  ale  of  clay,  as  fubject 
to  change,  decay,  and  dillblution,  comes  now  to  coniider  iMan 
in  the  united  view  of  Mind,  Soul,  and  Body.  And  what  a 
compounded  creature  is  Man,  made  up  of  the  varioufly  mixed 
elements,  and  yet  in  his  more  divine  part,  the  image  of  his 
great  Creator  ?  lie  is  a  Being  both  changeable  and  inchange- 
able;  diverie,  and  yet  the  fume.  He  is  the  univerfe  in  minia- 
ture :  and  whatever  can  be  predicated  of  this  God-direded 
Univerfe,  may  be  predicated,  in  a  lefs  degree,  of  this  JNiind- 
directed  Microcofm.     See  Manil.  L.  iv.  893. 

"  Quid  mirum  nofcere  mundum 

**  Si  poilint  homines,  quibus  elt  et  mundus  in  ipfis, 
"  Exemplumque  Dei  quifcjue  ell  in  imagine  parva  ?" 
Coniider  likewile  what  juft  Idea  can  we  form  of  Beauty,  or  of 
INIulick;  but  from  variety  and  uniformity,  from  oppofitions 
well  contrafted,  and  difcords  well  adjuftcd  ?  fo  likewife  from 
the  friendly  contrarieties,  and  difagreeing  concords,  both  in 
the  Greater  and  in  the  Lell'er  World,  is  eltablilhcd  uuiverlal 
harmony,  and  the  goodli/  diapafun  : 


90  THE  FAERIE  QUEEXE.     BOOK  II. 

"  All  which  compafled  made  the  goodly  diapafe," 
'Tis  plain,  I  think,  that  Dryden  had  this  paflage  in  view,  iu  his 
fong  tor  St.  CcciUa's  day. 

"  From  harmony,  from  heavenly  harmony 
"  This  univerfal  frame  began : 
"  From  harmony  to  harmony 

"  Through  all  the  compafs  of  the  notes  it  ran, 

"  The  diapafon  clofing  full  in  man." 
This  may  forve  as  a  general  view  of  this  dark  palTage  :  but  a 
more  particular  explication  (liould  be  likewife  given.  Let  it 
then  be  premifed,  that  Pythagoras  and  his  followers  made  ufe 
of  mathematical  fcieixes  in  almoll  all  their  metaphylical  and 
abllract  reafonings ;  and  they  illuftrated  by  figure  and  number, 
juft  as  poets  by  fimilitude.  And  lb  our  Pythagorean  poet, 
ufing  mathematics  as  a  kind  of  mean  between  fenfible  and  in- 
teilechial  objecls,  fays 

"  The  frame  thereof  feemcd  partly  circulare 
"  And  part  triangulare — " 
Cira/Iar  refers  to  the  mind,  and  friansiilar  to  tlie  body.  The 
moll  finiple  figure,  the  lirft  conceived,  and  the  element  of  all 
figures,  is  a  triangle,  made  up  of  three  right  lines,  including 
fpace,  and  hence  aptly  appli(>d  to  body.  Compare  Plato's 
Tiinaus,  pp.  53,  54,  edit.  Steph.  The  moll  perfect,  beautiful, 
and  comprehenfive,  of  all  figures  is  the  circle  :  it  has  neither 
beginning,  middle  nor  end:  imniortal,  perjeci,  vntfcuVine.  "  Dux 

atque   imperator  vita?  inortalibus  animus  ell incorruptus, 

jeternus,  redor  humani  generis,  agit  atque  habet  cunrta,  neque 
ipfe  habetur,"  Salluft.  Hell,  lugurth.  Compare  Plato's  Tinwvs, 
p.  33.  edit.  Steph.  and  Cicero,  De  Nat.  Dear.  ii.  18.  The 
center  of  God  is  every  where,  and  his  circumference  no  where: 
and  with  refpect  to  the  mind  of  man,  the  image  of  his  great 
Creator,  all  intellectual  i'cience  begins  and  ends  within  its  own 
circumference  ,  mind  is  all  tilings  intellechially,  voivTx  »oi.^u<;. 
Compare  M.  Anton,  xii.  3,  and  fee  how  he  applies  the  alh^go- 
rical  I'phere  of  Empedocles  ;  and  in  the  fame  manner  are  we  to 
explain  the  fphere  of  Parnienides  in  Plato,  SopltijL  p.  244'. 
edit.  Ste})h.  The  world  itf(  If  is  cnpetifoiio  ■/,<;,  See  Plato's  'L'tmauSj 
p.  33.  And  hence  is  to  be  explained  the  following  verfes  of 
Manilius,  L.  i.  211. 

"   liasc  a?terna  manct,  divifque  fimillima  forma, 

"  Cui  neque  principium  ell  ufquam,  nee  finis  in  ipfo, 

"  Sed  limilis  tolo  remanet,  perque  omnia  par  eft." 
Spenfer  favs  the  triansiular  frame^   imaging   that  the   Body  is 
mortal  and  huperj'ect :   tliis  1  believe  wants  no  interpretation  ; 
and  that  the  circular  frame,  imaging  the  more  divine  part,  is 


CAXTO  IX.  THE   FAERIE  QUEEXE.  ^1 

iinmortal  and  perfeil: ;  nor  does  this  need  any  comment.  But 
why  does  he  call  the  Body  feminine  and  the  Mind  nuijiuline  V 
He  feems  to  have  taken  this  from  the  Pythagorean  philolopher 
mentioned  above,  to  Ijoo;  Xoycv  i^n  affmo^r:  s^  "jtcit^cc.  The  Mind 
is  the  form  generating,  as  it  were,  and  working  into  elTence  the 
pafhve  and  feminine  matter  ;  a.  ^  ITm  SjjA:.?  ts  )tj  ^j.u.-rip(;,  7'imceus 
Locriis,  p.  9.5.  edit.  Steph.  How  eafy  is  the  interpretation 
confidering  Mind  as  Form,  and  Body  as  Matter  ?  And  how 
aptly  is  the  one  called  mafculine,  and  the  other  fei/ii nine? 
He  adds, 

"  And  twixt  them  both  a  quadrate  was  the  bafe  :" 
That  is,  betwixt  the  IMind  and  Body,  reprefented  emblemati- 
cally by  the  circle  and  triangle,  the  facred  TETPAKTYX,  i/ie 
fountain  of  perpetual  nature,  (as  called  in  the  Pythagorean 
verfes)  the  mvfterious  quadrate  Txas  the  bafe.  This  quadrate  or 
facred  quaternion,  comprehended  all  numbei,  all  the  elements, 
all  the  powers,  energies,  and  virtues  in  man ;  N5;,  ETrir^/^*;. 
Acfa,  AirSrs-i; ;  Temperance,  Juftice,  Tortitude,  Prudence. 
Hope,  Fear,   Joy,  Grief.     Cold,  Hot,  Moift,   Dry.     Fire,  Air, 

Earth,  Water.     Ka*  a^rXi?  t»  i\na.  "JTuvia.  r,  TETPAL  avtS'iicra'o,  Hie- 

rocles,   p.    I5"y.    Compare  Plato's   Tiinaua,   p.  32.     He   pro- 
ceeds, 

"  Proportiond  equally  by  fexen  and  nine  ; 
"  Nine  was  the  circle  fett  in  heavens  place : 
"  All  which  compacted  made  a  goodly  diapafe." 
This  ftanza  is  not  to  be  underftood  (I  believe)  witliout  knowing 
the  ver^'  pafl'age  our  poet  had  in  view  ;  namely  Cicero's  Som- 
niuvi  Scipionis,  which  Macrobius  has  preferved  and  commented 
upon  :   Proportioned  equalhj,  agrees  with   them  both,  viz.  mind 
and  body;  which  receive  their  harmonick  proportion,  relation, 
and  temperaments,  from  ihefeven  planetary  orbs,  and  from  the 
nintli  orb,  enfolding  and  containing  all   the  reft.     \Vhat  influ- 
ence the  fexen  planets  have   upon  man,  you  may    learn  from 
JManilius,  and  the  aftrologcrs  :  but  the  ninth  orb, 

"  The  circle  lett  in  heavens  place," 

Summus  ipfe  Deu)>,  arcens  et  contintns  Cictcros, — ^Vhat  theill 
doubts  this  influence  r  This  is  the  fource,  the  fea,  the  fun,  of 
all  beauty,  truth,  and  7nind.  But  hear  Cicero  ;  "  Kovem  tibi 
orbibus,  vel  potius  globis,  connexa  lunt  omnia  :  quorum  unns 
ell  cceleflis  extimus,  qui  rtliquos  omnes  compleciitur,  fummus 
ipfe  Dcu6,  arcens  et  continens  cseteros,  in  quo  intixi  funt  illi, 
qui  volvuntur,  ftellarum  curfus  fempiterni  :  cui  fuhje(iti  funt 
feptem  qui  vprfantur  retro  contrario  motu,  &:c."  See  what  he 
fays  afterwards  of  the  mufick  of  the  fpheres ;  and  compare 
with  Macrobius,  L.  i.  C.  6\    And  Pliny,  L.  ii.  C.  '22.    "    Ita 


pC  THE   FAERIE  QUEEXE.  BOOK   II. 

fepttm  tonos  effici  quam  diapafon  harmoniani,  hoc  eft,  univerfi- 
tatem  concentiis."     Upton. 

I  mull  not  here  omit  to  refer  the  reader  to  the  preliminary 
remarks  on  Spenfer's  allegorical  wanner  of  writing ;  among 
which  I  have  pointed  out  fome  poems  formed  on  a  plan 
fmiilar,  in  feveral  rcfperts,  to  that  which  dilHnguiflies  the 
prefent  canto  ;  and  have  alfo  d)-a\vn,  from  works  hitherto  little 
known  or  unnoticed,  other  illuftralions  fubfcrvient  to  this 
curious  fubjec'h     Todd. 


CAXTO  X.     THE  FAERIE  QUEEXE.  93 


CANTO    X. 

A  Chronicle  of  Briton  Kings, 

From  Brute  to  Uthers  rayne ; 
And  Rolls  of  Elfin  Emperours, 

Till  time  of  Gloriane. 

I. 

AVHO  now  fliall  give  unto  me  words  and  found 
Equall  unto  this  haughty  enterprife  ? 
Or  who  ftiall  lend  me  wings,  with  which  from 

ground 
My  lowly  verfe  may  loftily  arife, 
And  lift  itfelfe  unto  the  higheft  fkyes  ? 
More  ample  fpirit  than  hetherto  was  wount 
Here needes me,  whiles  the  famousAunceftryes 
Of  my  moll  dreaded  Soveraigne  1  recount, 

By  which  all  earthly  Princes  Ihe  doth  far  fur- 
mount. 


I.  1.     Jf'/io  7towfi  all  give  unto  me  words  and  found 

Equall  unto  this  kaug/itj/  enterprife  ?   &c.]     Spenfer 
very  apparently  has  tranflated  Ariolto,  where  he,   in  compli- 
ment to   his  patron  Cardinal  liippolito  of  Elte,    mentions  the 
dependents  from  Bradamante,  0/7.  Fur.  C.  iii.  1. 
"  Chi  mi  dari  la  voce,  e  le  parole 
"  Convenienti  k  fi  nobil  foggetto  ? 
"  Chi  r  ale  al  verfo  preftera,  che  vole 
"  Tanto  ch'  arrivi  all'  alto  mio  concetto  ? 
"  Molto  maggior  di  quel  furor,  che  fuole,  " 
"  Ben  or  convieu,  che  mi  rifcaldi  il  petto."     Uptov, 


94-  THE    FAERIE    QUEKNE.  UOOK  II. 

II. 

Ne  under  fLinne  that  fliinrs  fo  wide  and  falre, 
AMience  all  that  lives  does  borrow  life  and 

lioht, 

Lives  ought  that  to  her  Linage  may  compaire ; 
A\  hich  thouiih  from  earth  it  be  derived  riirht. 
Yet  doth  itl'elfe  liretch  forth  to  hevens  hight, 
And  all  the  world  with  wonder  overfpred ; 
A  labor  huge,  exceeding  far  my  might ! 
IIow  fliall  fraile  pen,  Mith  fear  dil'paraged. 
Conceive  fuch  Ibveraine  glory  and  great  bountv- 

hed  ! 

III. 
Argument  worthy  of  iVLeonian  quill ; 

Or  rather  worthy  of  great  Phoebus  rote, 
A\  hereon  the  mines  of  great  Ofia  hill, 
And  triumphes  of  Phlegra?an  love,  he  wrote, 


III.  1.  Argument  uortJij/  &:c.]  It  is  an  argument  worthy, 
he  i'ays,  of  liomer's  quill,  or  the  harp  of  Phoibus,  on  which 
he  wrote,  i.  e.  defcribcd,  lung,  and  played,  (a  cataciireltical 
exprellion,  which  the  rliymes  inuft  excufe,)  the  triumphs  of 
Jupiter  over  the  giants  on  the  Phlegraean  plains.  The  poets 
often  mention  that  Phoebus  fung  the  vii^lories  of  the  gods  over 
the  giants.  See  Seneca,  Jginnemiton,  ver.  332,  Statins,  Silv. 
iv.  ii.  53,  Theb.  vi.  258,  and  Ariolto,  Orl.  Fur.  C.  iii.  3. 

Upton. 

III.  C. rote,]     A  mu/ical  hi' 

ftrument.     Chaucer,  Prol.  236'. 

"  Wei  coud  he  finge  and  plaien  on  a  rote :" 
See  "  Du  Cange,  in  v.  lioita.  Notker,  who  lived  in  the  tenth 
century,  fays,  that  it  was  the  ancient  Pfalterium,  but  altered 
in  its  fliape  .and  with  an  additional  number  of  firings.  Schilter, 
in  V.  Rotta."  Tyrwhitt's  Glofl". — Spenfer  ufes  the  word  again, 
F.  Q.  iv.  vi.  9,  where  fee  the  note.     'i'ODD. 


CANTO  X.  THE    FAERIE    QUEENE.  9-5 

That  all  the  gods  admircl  his  lofty  note. 

But,  if  fome  relifli  of  that  hevenly  lay 

His  learned  daughters  would  to  me  report 

To  decke  my  fong  withall,  I  would  ailay 

Thy  name,  O  foveraine  Queene,  to  blazon  far 

away. 

IV. 

Thy  name,  O  foveraine  Queene,  thy  realme,  and 

race, 
From  this  renowmed  Prince  derived  arre, 
Who  mightily  upheld  that  royall  mace 
AVhich  now  thou  bear'ft,  to  thee  defcended 

farre 
From  mighty  kings  and  conquerours  in  warre, 
Thy  tiithers  and  greatgrandfathers  of  old, 
Whofe  noble  deeds  above  the  northern  (tarre 
Immortall  Fame  for  ever  hath  enrold ; 
As  in  that  Old  Mans  booke  they  were  in  order 

told. 

V. 
The  Land  which  warlike  Britons  now  pofTelie, 
And    therein  have  their  mighty  empire  rayfd. 
In  antique  times  was  falvage  wilderneiTe, 
Unpeopled,  unmannurd,  unprovd,  unprayfd  ; 

V.  1.     The  Land  wJticIi  ivarlikc  Britons  now  pqffefe, 

Ne  urn-  it  IJland  then,]  Britain  is  thought,  by  fome, 
to  have  been  formerly  joined  to  France,  to  the  Celticke  mayn- 
land  ;  and  to  have  been  rent  from  thence  by  earthquakes  and 
inundations;  juft  as  Sicily  was  from  Italy.     Upton. 

V.  4.     Unpeopled,  vimannurd,  &c.]     This    alliteration    was 
frequent  both  in  Spenfer,  and  in  fucceeding  poets.     See  F.  Q. 


96  THE    FAERIE    QUF.ENE.  BOOK  II, 

Ne  was  it  ifland  then,  ne  was  it  payfd 
Amid  the  ocean  waves,  ne  was  it  fought 
Of  merchants  fkrre  for  profits  therein  prayfd  ; 
]3ut  was  all  defolate,  and  of  fome  thought 
Bjfea  to  have  bene  from  theCelticke  nrajn-land 
brouiiht. 

VI. 

Ne  did  it  then  defcrve  a  name  to  have, 
Till  that  the  venturous  mariner  that  way 
Learning  his  fliip  from  thofe  white  rocks  to 

fave, 
A\  hich  all  along  the  foutherne  fea-coaft  lay 
Threatning  unheedy  w  recke  and  rafli  decay, 
Por  I'afety  that  fame  his  fea-marke  made, 
And  nam'd  it  Albion  :  But  later  day, 
Finding  in  it  fit  ports  for  filliers  trade, 

Gan  more  the  fame  frequent,  and  further  to 
invade. 


vii.  \ii.  46,  &c.  Milton  has  copied  it,  Par.  L.  B.  ii.  185, 
where  fee  feveral  inftances  of  this  kind,  both  in  prole  and 
rhyme,  cited  in  my  note.     Todd. 

V.  5. payfd]     Poifed.     Fr.  pefer. 

To  paife  is  thus  ufed  in  Scotland.     Todd. 

V.  8. and  uf  fome  thought  &c.]      So 

Verftegan,  Chap.  iv.  ^Vhich  opinion  is  examined  and  confuted 
by'Sanmies.     See  his  Brilaiinia,  Ch.  iv.     Church. 

VI.  ().  For  faft-ty]  Saftfi/  is  often  ufed  by  Spenfer  as  a 
trifyllable  ;  and  this  is  the  reading  of  his  firft  edition  ;  to  which 
Mr.  Church  and  Mr.  Upton  adhere.  The  fecoud  reads  "  For 
**  fafetks  fake,"  which  the  reft  have  followed.     Todd. 

VI.  7. Albion  :]     So  called  from  the  white 

rocks.     Chukch. 


CANTO  X.     THE  FAERIE  QUEEXE.  97 

VII. 

But  far  in  land  a  falvage  nation  dwelt 

Of  hideous  giaunts,  and  halfe-beaftl}^  men, 
That  never  tafted  grace,  nor  goodnes  felt ; 
Butwild  like  bea{tes  lurking  in  loathfome  den. 
And  flying  faft  as  roebucke  through  the  fenj 
All  naked  without  fliame  or  care  of  cold, 
By  hunting  and  by  fpoiiing  liveden ; 
Of  (tature  huge,  and  eke  of  corage  bold, 

That  fonnes  of  men  amazd  their  fternelle  to  be- 
hold. 

VIII. 

But  whence  they   fprong,    or  how  they  were 
begott, 
Uneath  is  to  affure ;  uneath  to  wene 
That  monftrous  error  which  doth  iome  alTott, 

VII.  1.     But  far  in  land  a  falvage  nation  duelt 

Of  hideoxis giuuiits,'\  This  puts  me  in  mind  of  Geoffry 
of  INIonmoutii's  account  of  the  origmal  Itdte  of  Albion  :  "  Krat 
tunc  nomen  infulae  Albion,  quae  a  nemine  nifi  a  paucis  gigan- 
tibus  inhabitabatur."  A  ftiv  giants  in  that  liiftorian's  opinion 
were  but  of  little  confideration.     T.  Warton. 

VII.  7.  By  hunting  and  by  f pulling  liveden;]  So  the  fir  ft 
edition  :  but  the  fecond,  and  folios,  lixed  then.  This  alteration 
pei  haps  was  Spenfer's  own  ;  though  it  mull  be  allowed  that  he 
often  follows  Chaucer  and  the  old  poets,  as  fcaren,  F.  Qi  ii. 
xii.  25.  fpreddcn,  F.  Q.  iii.  i.  20,  and  in  many  other  palTages ; 
from  the  Anglo-Sax.  Ex.  gr.  pa^pon,  ueren,  were;  lufobon, 
luvedcn,  did  love;  and  thus  Chaucer,  Kn.  T.  1200.  "  So  well 
they  lovedyn  as  olde  bokys  feyn  :"  But  altered  in  Urry's  edi- 
tion, "  they  lovid."  Dr.  Hicks  is  very  angry  with  Mr.  Urry 
for  fuch  arbitrary  alterations.     UptoN; 

VIII.  3.  That  monftrous  error  &c.]  So  Camden  calU  it,  in 
his  Britannia  ;  and  Milton  lays  it  is  a  ftory  too  abfurd  and  un- 
confcionably  grofs.     Upton. 

Ibid. alTott,]     Beguile,  bewitch, 

VOL.   IV.  H 


98  THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.     BOOK  II. 

That  Diocleiiaiis  fifty  daughters  fliene 

Into  this  Land  by  chaunce  have  driven  bene  ; 

"Where,   companing  ^vith   feends  and   filthy 

fprights 
Throujih  vaine  illufion  of  their  luft  iinclene. 
They  brought  forth  geaunts,  and  fuch  dread- 
ful wights 
yVs  far  exceeded  men  in  their  immeafurd  mights. 

IX. 

They  held  this  Land,  and  with  their  filthineille 
Polluted  this  fame  gentle  foyle  long  time ; 
That  their  owne  mother  loathd  their  beaftli- 

neffe, 
And  gan  abhorre  her  broods  unkindly  crime, 
All  were  they  borne  of  her  owne  native  flime  : 
Until  that  Brutus,  anciently  derived 
From  roiall  ftocke  of  old  Affaracs  line, 
Driven  by  fa  tall  error  here  arriv'd. 

And  them  of  their  unjuft  poffeffion  depriv'd. 

or  (Icccixe  ;  a  word  frequent  in  romance.  Thus,  in  the  HiJL 
of  Ki///g€  Arthur,  bl.  1.  fol.  B.  iv.  Ch.  i.  "  How  Merlin  was 
nffottcd  and  doted  on  one  of  the  ladies  of  the  lake,"  Again, 
B.  xi.  Ch.  ii.  "  And,  as  foone  as  he  had  droncke  that  wine, 
he  was  fo  ufihttcd,  and  fo  madde,  tScc.     Todd. 

IX.  7.     • •  of  old  Ajfaracs  live,']      Brutus  was 

defcended  from  .•1-^nea?,  "  Aflaraci  proles,"  ^  irg.  Ccorg.  iii.  35^ 
This  Itory  is  all  taken  from  Geoft'ry  of  Monmouth.      Upton. 

iX.-  8.     Driven  by  fatall  error]     That  is,  hy -wandering  (Lat. 
error)  as  ihe  fates  directed.     So,  in  F.  Q.  iii.  ix.  41. 
"  Where  he  through yi/^cr//  error  long  was  led 
"  Full  many  yeares,  and  weetlefl'e  wandered 
"  From  fliore  to  fhore."     Church. 
It  may  be  a  qucliion  whether  Spenfer  meant,  by  "  driven  by 


CANTO  X.  THE   FAERTE  QUEEN'F,.  ^Q 

X. 

But  ere  he  had  eftabUllied  his  throne, 

And  I'pred  his  empire  to  the  iitmoft  (liore, 
He  fought  great  batteils  with  his  faivage  fone; 
In  which  he  them  defeated  evermore. 
And  many  giaunts  left  on  groning  flore  : 
That  well  can  witnes  yet  unto  this  day 
The  wefterne  Hogh,  befprincledwith  the  gore 
Of  mighty  Goemot,  whome  in  flout  fray 

Corineus  conquered,  and  cruelly  did  flay. 

fatall  error,"  that  Brutus  was  baniflied  for  killing  his  father  by 
a  fatal  mifchance  ;  or  that  he  was  a  fugitive  hither  by  the  will 
of  the  fates  and  the  oracle  of  Diana.     Upton. 

*'  Driven  by  fatall  error,"  is,  driven  by  error  ordained  by 
the  fates.  So,  in  F.  Q.  lii.  ix.  49-  "  At  laft  hy  fatall  courfe 
they  driven  were/'  See  alfo  F.  Q.  ii.  viii.  24,  iii.  iii.  15,  iv. 
xii.  27.  Fatalis  has  fometimes  the  fame  fignification  as  Spenfer's 
fatal;  as  in  Virg.  JEn.  xi.  232,  and  in  other  places  of  the 
iEneid.     T.  VVarton. 

Ibid. here  arriv'd,]  This  happened 

about  tlie  year  of  the  world  3083,  and  1132  years  before  the 
Birth  of  Chrift,  according  to  our  oldefc  chronicler,  who  lived 
in  the  reigns  of  Henry  3d.  and  Edward  ift.  See  Robert  of 
Gloucefter's  Chronicle,  publilhed  by  Ilearne  in  1/24,  p.  20. 

Church. 

X.  7.  The  xmjlerne  Hogh,]  That  is,  as  Camden  calls  it,  the 
Haw.     See  alfo  Drayton,  Polyolb.  p.  12. 

"  Upon  that  loftie  place  at  Phmmouth  call'd  the  Hoey 
"  Thofe  mighty  wraftlers  met."     Church. 

X.  8. —  Goemot,   &c.]     This  giant  is  named 

Goemagot ;  and  the  place  where  he  fell,  Latn-Goemagot,  that 
is,  Gotniiagot's  leap.  See  Geoff,  of  Monmouth's  Brit.  Hiji.  B.  i. 
Ch.  l6\  Compare  Carew's  Survey  of  Connvall,  and  Drayton's 
Poli/olbion,  p.  12.  Corineus,  Debon,  and  Canutus,  were  the 
chief  captains  whom  Brutus  brought  with  him  into  Albion,  and 
among  whom  he  divided  the  conquered  country.     Upton. 

X.  9.  Corineus]  The  word  muft  be  pronounced  as  a  tri- 
fyllable,  and  again  in  ft.  12  :  but  in  ft.  18,  it  is  to  be  pro- 
nounced as  having  four  fyllables.     Church. 

n  2 


100  Tin:    FAEUIE    QUEEXE.  BOOK  II. 

XI. 

And  eke  that  ample  pitt,  yet  far  renovviid 
For  the  large  leape  which  Debon  did  compell 
Coulin  to  make,  being  eight  lugs  of  grownd, 
Into  the  uhich  retourning  backe  he  fell: 
13iit  thole  three  nionltrous  ftones  doe  moft 

excell, 
AVhich  that  huge  fonne  of  hideous  Albion, 
Whofe  father  Hercules  in  Fraunce  did  quell, 
Great  Godmer  threw,  in  fierce  contention, 

At  bold  Canutus ;  but  of  him  was  flaine  anon. 

XII. 

In  meed  of  thefe  great  conqucfts  by  them  gott. 
Corineus  had  that  province  utmoft  weft 
To  him  afjigned  for  his  worth j  lott, 
\\  hich  of  his  name  and  memorable  geft 
lie  called  Cornwaile,  yet  fo  called  beft: 
And  Debons  fliayre  was,  that  is  Devonftiyre  : 
But  Canute  had  his  portion  from  the  reft. 
The  which  he  cald  Canutium,  for  his  hyre ; 

Now  Cantium,  w  hich  Kent  we  comenly  inquyre. 

XIII. 

I'hus  Brute  this  Realme  unto  his  rule  fubdewd, 
And  raigned  long  in  great  felicity, 

XI.  3.     iiigs]     A  /wg  is  a  pearch  or  rod  with 

which  land  is  nieafured,  containing  (ixteen  feet  and  an  half. 

Church. 

XII.  4.     jy/iich  of  hii  name  kc]  So  Drayton  relates,  Po/yo/6. 
p.  12,    Hut  fee  S(;klcn's  notes  on  tlie  pafliige,  p.  21.     CauKCii. 

XIII.  2.     A/id  raigned  lojig]     Ilardyn;^  thinks  lixty  years. 

Church. 


CANTO  X.  THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  101 

Lov'd  of  his  freends,  and  of  his  foes  efchewd  : 
He  left  three  fonnes,  his  famous  progeny, 
Borne  of  fciyre  Inogene  of  Italy  ; 
Mongft  whom  he  parted  his  imperiall  ftate, 
And  Locrine  left  chiefe  lord  of  Britany. 
At  lad  ripe  age  bad  him  furrender  late 

His  life,  and  long  good  fortune,  unto  finall  fate. 

XIV. 

Locrine  was  left  the  foveraine  lord  of  all ; 
But  Albana6t  had  all  the  northerne  part, 
Which  of  himfelfe  Albania  he  did  call ; 
And  Camber  did  pollefle  the  wefterne  quart, 
Which  Severne  now  from  Logris  doth  depart: 
And  each  his  portion  peaceably  enioyd, 
Ne  was  there  outward  breach,  nor  grudge  ia 

hart. 
That  once  their  quiet  government  annoyd ; 

But  each  his  paynes  to  others  profit  ftill  employ d. 

XV. 
Untill  a  Nation  ftraung,  with  vifage  fwart 
And  corage  fierce  that  all  men  did  aftVay, 
AVhich  through  the  world  then  fwarmd  in 
every  part, 

XIV.  4. quart,^      Dhifwi, 

the  fourth  part.     Fr.  quart.     Upton. 

XIV.  5. depart:]     Separate.    See 

F.  Q.  iii.  iv.  6,  vi.  ii.  4.     So  Chaucer,  edit.  Urr.  p.  571. 
"   For  in  gode  ioth  of  corage  I  purfue 
"  To  ferve  my  Make,  tyll  Deth  us  muft  depart  :" 
So,  in  our  firft  Liturgy,  "  Till  Death  us  depart  ;"  which  was 
altered    (in   the   lalt  Review,  Ch.  II.)   to  "  Till  Death  us   c/o 
^art."     Church. 

II  3 


102  THE    FAERIE    QUEENE.  BOOK  It. 

And  ovorflowd  all  countries  far  away, 
,  Like  Noyes  great  flood,  with  their  importune 
l\\ay, 
This  Land  invaded  with  hke  violence, 
And   did   themlelves  tlu'ough  all  the  north 

dil'play : 
Untill  that  Locrine  for  his  Realmes  defence. 
Did  head  aoainit  them  make  and  ftronsj  mu- 
nificence. 


XV.  5.  Like  Xui/es  great  Jlood,  Sec.}  Compare  Petrarch, 
Caiiz.  xvi. 

"  O  diluvio  raccolto 
"  Di  che  deferti  ftrani 
"  Per  inondar  i  noflri  dolci  campi." 
See  alfo  Milton,  Par.  L.  B.  i.  354.     But  the  fimile  of  all  thefe 
poets  owes  its  origin  perhaps  to  Holy  Writ,     See  IJ'aiah  lix.  l<). 
'•'  AVhen  the  enemy  ihall  come  in  like  a  flood."     Todd. 

X^^  9. nmvijicence.}    Qua?re, 

Whether  bv  nxikins:   ihons.  mumfjcen'Ce  he  means,  he  forti- 
ried  himfelf  againlt  them.     Jour  in. 

The  Hrft  edition  reads  nmiijiccnce,  to  which  all  other  editions 
conform  exrept  the  feccnd,  and  that  reads  iinuiijieiice.  I  in- 
cline to  think  our  poet  gave  jninnticiice,  fortification,  Lat. 
jHunitio  ;  which  is  the  proper  military  term.     Church. 

hyj'troiig  ir.viiijiceiice,  the  poet  means,  I  believe,  fubfidies, 
aids,  &c.  given,  and  lent  in,  from  the  wvnificencr  and  free  gifts 
of  the  fubject ;  and,  by  an  eafy  kind  of  metonymy,  calls 
that  munilicenccy  which  was  fent.  in  or  given  by  munificence, 
viz.  fubfidies.  I  cannot  think  the  poet  meant  munition,  ammu- 
nition, OT  fortifications ;  but  however  the  reader  is  to  think  for 
himfelf.     L'rxox. 

By  munificence  our  author  figiiifies  defence,  ox  fortification  ; 
from  viunio  and  facia.  This  is  a  word  injudicioufly  coined  by 
Spenfer,  as  the  fame  word  in  our  language  fignifies  tjuite 
another  thing.     T.  Warton. 

I  agree  vyith  Mr.  Warton  in  the  interpretation  oi  munificence, 
but  fufpect  that  Speni'er  did  not  coin  the  word.  In  the  poet's 
time  words  of  this  kind  were  not  uncommon.  Thus,  for  in- 
Aance,  edijied,  applied  to  a  building  erected,  was  then  a  word 


CANTO  X.  THE    FAERIE    QUEENE.  103 

XVI. 

He  them  encoimtred,  a  confused  rout, 
Foreby  the  river  that  whylome  was  hight 
The  ancient  Abus,  where  with  courage  ftout 
He  them  defeated  in  vi6lorious  fight, 
And  chafte  fo  fiercely  after  fearefull  flight, 
That  forfl  their   chiefetain,  for  his  fafeties 

fake, 
(Their  chiefetain  Humber  named  was  aright,) 
Unto  the  mighty  ftreame  him  to  betake. 

Where  he  an  end  of  batteill  and  of  life  did 

make. 

XVII. 
The  King  retourned  proud  of  vi6lory, 

And  infolent  wox  through  unwonted  eafe, 
That  fhortly  he  forgot  the  ieopardy, 
Which  in  his  Land  he  lately  did  appeafe. 
And  fell  to  vaine  voluptuous  difeafe  : 
He  lov'd  faire  Ladie  Eftrild,  leudly  lov'd, 
Whofe  M'anton  pleafures  him  too  much  did 

pleafe, 
That  quite  his  hart  from  Guendolene  removed, 
From  Guendolene  his  wife,  though  alwaies  faith- 
ful prov'd. 

of  frequent  occurrence  ;  although  it  now  fignifies  quite  another 
thing.  See  the  note  on  "  holy  chappel  edified,"  F.  Q.  i.  i.  34. 
The  reading  of  the  fecond  edition  feems  merely  an  errour  of 
the  prefs.     Todd. 

XVI.  3.  The  ancient  Abus,]  The  Humber  in  Yorkfliire. 
Abus  is  from  the  Britilh  Jbei-j  which  fignifies  the  mouth  of  a 
river.     Church. 

H  4 


104-  THE  FAKi;  IE  QUEEN  E.  ROOK  U, 

The  noble  daiiglitrr  of  Corinciis 

Would  not  endure  to  bee  fo  vile  difdaind, 
But,  gathering  force  und  coragc  valorous, 
Encountrt  d  him  in  batteill  well  ordaind, 
Jn  which  him  \  anquiflit  ihe  to  iiy  constraind  : 
But  flte  fo  faft  purfewd,  that  him  (he  tooke 
And  threw  in  bands,  where  he  till  death  rc- 

maind ; 
Als  his  faire  ieman  flving  throug-h  a  brooke 

She  overhent,  nought  moved  with  her  piteous 
looke^  ,-!-<! 

XIX. 

But  both  herfelfe,  and  eke  her  daughtey  deare 
Begotten  by  her  kingly  paramoure, 
The  faire  Sabrina,  almoit  dead  with  feare. 
She  there  attached,  far  from  all  fuccolare : 
The  one  fhe  flew  upon  the  prefent  floure ; 
But  the  fad  virgin  innocent  of  all 
Adowne  the  rolling  river  ihe  did  poure, 
A\  hich  of  her  name  now  Severne  men  do  call : 

Such  was  the  end  that  to  difloyall  love  did  fall. 

XVIII.  4. in  hatleUl  ucll  nrdiiind,]     This 

is  a  Latinifm,  I'rcdio  bent  ordinutn.      Uptox. 

XIX.  3. upon  the  prefent  Jlourr ;]     That  is, 

upon  the  fppt,  as  INIr.  Church  has  explained  by  the  fame  ex- 
preirion,  F.  Q.  vi.  i.  23. 

"  and  Hew  the  porter  on  t'lc^nrc." 

'ihr.  fecond  edition  reads  "  in  that  impatient  Jtoure,"  to  which 
all  fiibfequent  editors  l)ave  conformed,  except  Mr.  Church, 
%vith  whom  I  join  in  following  the  firft  edition.  Ihighes's  fecond 
edition  has  converted  impatitnt  into  Important.     Todd. 


CANTO  X.  THE  FAERIE  QUEEXE.  105 

XX. 

Then  for  her  fonne,  which  flie  to  Locrin  bore, 
(Madaii  was  young,  unmeet  the  rule  to  iway,) 
In  her  owne  hand  the  crowne  (lie  kept  in  flore. 
Till  ryper  years  he  raught  and  ftronger  ftay  : 
During  which  time  her  powre  (lie  did  difplay 
Through  all  this  Realme,  the  glory  of  her  fex, 
And  firft  taught  men  a  woman  to  obay  : 
But,  when  her  fonne  to  mans  eftate  did  wex, 

She  it  furrendred,  ne  her  felfe  would  lenger  vex. 

XXI. 

Tho  Madan  raignd,  unworthie  of  his  race ; 
For  with  all  ihame  that  facred  tlirone  he  fild. 
Next  Memprile,  as  unworthy  of  that  place. 
In  which  being  conforted  with  Manild, 
For  thirfl  of  fmgle  kingdom  him  he  kild. 
But  Ebranck  falved  both  their  infamies 
"With  noble  deedes,  and  warreyd  on  Brunchild 


XX.  2. the  rule  iofuay,']     So  the  firft 

edition  reads,  to  which  the  editions  of  1751  and  of  Mr.  Church 
rightly  adhere.  i\Ir.  Upton,  by  an  errour  of  the  prefs,  I  pre- 
fume,  reads  "  to  rule  the  fway."  Spenfer's  fecoiid  edition 
reads  "  the  rule  of  fway;"  which  all  other  editions  follow. 
lliile,  as  Mr.  Church  has  obferved,  is  here  ufed  for  realm,  as  in 
It.  66.  The  fenfe  is  thus  perfpicuous  :  Madan  was  young,  unfit 
to  fway  the  realm.     Todd. 

XXI.  1. iinu-orthic  of  hi^  race ;'\     I\Ir. 

Church  fays,  that,  "  from  his  feverity  in  putting  tlie  laws  in 
execution,  Madaii  was  efteemed  a  tyrant :  See  Samnies's  Brit. 
p.  lOl."  Milton,  I  muft  obfeive,  gives  a  very  ditVerent  ac- 
count of  this  prince  :  "  Madan  hath  the  praife  to  have  well 
and  peacefully  rul'd  the  fpace  of  40  years."    Hiji.  of  E»g.  H.  i 

Todd. 


106  THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  BOOK  I!. 

In  Hcnaull,  where  vet  of  his  viftories 
J3rave  monimcnts  remaine,  which  yet  that  land 
envies. 

XXII. 

An  happy  man  in  his  llrll  dayes  he  was, 
And  happy  father  of  faire  progeny : 
For  all  lb  many  weekes,  as  the  yeare  has, 
So  many  children  he  did  multiply ; 
Of  which  were  twentie  fonnes,  which  did  apply 
Their  mindes  to  prayfe  and  chevalrousdefyre: 
Thofe  germans  did  fubdew  all  Germany, 
Of  whom  it  hight ;  but  m  the  end  their  lyre 

AVith  foule  repulfe  from  Fraunce  was  forced  to 
retyre. 

XXIII. 
"Which  blott  his  fonne  fucceeding  in  his  feat, 
The  fecond  Brute,  the  fecond  both  in  name 
And  eke  in  femblaunce  of  his  puillaunce  great, 
Right  well  recur'd,  and  did  away  that  blame 
With  recompence  of  everlafting  fame : 
He  with  his  vi6iour  fword  firll  opened 
The  bowels  of  wide  Fraunce,  a  forlorne  Dame, 
And  taught  her  firft  how  to  be  conquered ; 

XXII.  S.  For  all  fa  many  weekesy  &c.]  Gcoffry  of  Mon- 
mouth and  Milton  both  fay  he  had  twenty  wives,  of  whom  he 
had  ifl\i«--  twenty  fons  and  thirty  daughters.     Church. 

XXII  I.  2.     The  fecond  Brute,   {the.  fecond  both  in  name. 

And  eke  in  femblaunce  of  his  puifj'aunce  great,)] 

Virgil,  JEn.  vi.  7^)8. 

'<  Et  qui  te  nomine  reddet 

"  Silvius  ^neas,  pariter  pietate  vol  arniis 
'■'  Egrcgius."     JoRTiN. 


CANTO  X.  THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  10/ 

Since  wliicb,  with  fondrie  fpoiles  (lie  hath  been 

ranfacked. 

XXIV. 

Let  Scaldis  tell,  and  let  tell  Hania, 

And  let  the  marlh  of  Efthambruges  tell, 
What  colour  were  their  waters  that  fame  day, 
And  all  the  moore  twixt  Elverfliam  and  Dell, 
With  blood  of  Henalois  which  therein  fell. 
How  oft  that  day  did  fad  Brunchildis  fee 
The  greene  Jliield  dyde  in  dolorous  vermeil  ? 
That  not  feu  it  h  gidridh  it  mote  feeme  to  bee. 

But  rather  y  fcuith  gogh,  figne  of  fad  crueltee. 


XXIV.  8.  That  not  fcuith  gidridh  (Sec]  In  the  collations 
prefixed  to  the  edition  of  1751,  it  is  oblerved  that  the  colla- 
tor's copy  of  the  firll  edition  wanted  the  Welch  words.  Mr. 
Upton  alfo  relates  that  he  had  two  copies  of  the  firft  edition, 
in  one  of  which  neither  the  Welch  words  exilied,  nor  the  clofe 
of  the  Hanza  Jigne  of  fad  crueltee;  in  the  other,  thefe  omiflion? 
were  fupplied.  Mr.  Church  appears  to  have  poflelTed  two 
copies  of  1590,  in  neither  of  which  was  there  any  deiiciency. 
His  account  exaftly  correfponds  with  the  edition  of  1590  now 
before  me  ;  which  reads  precil'ely  thus  : 

"  That  not  Seuith  guiridh  he  mote  feeme  to  bee. 

"  But  rather  y  Scuifh  gogh,  figne  of  fad  crueltee." 
In  the  Errata  to  this  copy  we  are  direded  to  read,  in  the  former 
of  the  lines,  Seuith  inflead  of  Seuith.  The  fecond  edition 
rightly  alters  he  to  it  in  the  fame  line,  but  has  not  converted 
the  period  into  a  comma  at  the  end  of  the  line,  which  it  ought 
to  have  done.  To  account  fatisfaftorily  for  the  variations  of 
the  copies  which  I  have  mentioned,  is  beyond  my  power. 
Perhaps  the  poet's  manufcript  had  not  been  in  thefe  lines  filled 
up,  when  his  copy  was  lent  to  the  prefs  ;  and  feveral  fheets 
might  have  been  worked  otY,  before  he  recollected  the  omillions. 

TODD. 

XXIV.  9-  J^iit  rather  &c.]  The  fenfe  is,  Infomuch  that  it 
might  then  not  fo  properly  have  been  called  "  fcuith  guiridh," 
green Jhield,  as  "  y  fcuith  gogh,"  The  red  Jhield.     Church, 


108  THE  FAEUIE  QUEENE.  BOOK   II. 

XXV. 

His  fonne  kino;  Leill,  by  fathers  labour  long, 
Enioyd  an  heritage  of  lading  peace, 
And  built  Cairleill,  and  built  Cairleon  flrong. 
Next  Huddibras  his  realme  did  not  encreafe, 
But  taught  the  Land  from  wearie  wars  to  ceafe. 
Whofe  footfteps  Bladud  following,  in  artes 
EfXceld  at  Athens  all  the  learned  preace. 
From  whence  he  brought  them  to  thefefalva^e 
parts, 

And  with  fweet  fcience  molliiide  their  ftubborne 
harts. 

XXVI. 
Enfample  of  his  wondrous  faculty, 

Behold  the  boyling  bathes  at  Cairbadon, 
AVhich  feeth  with  fecret  fire  eternally. 
And  in  their  entrailles,  full  of  quick  brimfton. 
Nourifli  the  flames  which  they  are  warmd 
upon, 

XXV.  3.  Jiid  hi/ilf  CairkillandhmhCairlennJlrong.]  "Leill 
the  fon  of  Brute  Greenlhield,  being  a  lover  of  peace,  buildod 
Carleile,  and  repaired  Carleon."  Stowe,  p.  1-t,  and  fee  Rofs, 
p.  22,  and  IloliiiOied,  p.  12.     Sliould  we  not  therefore  read, 

"  And  built  Carlcil,  and  rehuilt  Cairleon  ftrong." 
Pronounce  Cairleon  as  of  two  fyllables.     Upton. 

XXV.  4.  But  taught  the  hnid  6.:c.]  Lud  or  l.ud  Huddibras 
compofed  the  troubles  which  had  arifen  in  the  latter  part  of  his 
father's  reign,  and  then  applied  himfelf  to  beautify  Britain. 
See  Sammes's  Brit.  p.  16"3.     Ciiuucn. 

XXV.  . 9.     And  with  fweet  fcience  77w/lijide  8iC.'\     Ovid, 
"  Adde  quod  ingenuas  didicilTe  iideliter  artes 

"  Emollit  mores,  nee  finit  efl'e  feros."     Jorti"!^. 

XXVI.  2.     • Cairbadon,]      Sollardyng: 

"  Cair  Bladud  fo  tljat  nowe  is  Bathe  1  rede."     Ciiuucu. 


CAXTO  X.  THE    FAERIE    QUEENE.  109 

I'hat  to  their  people  wealth  they  forth  do  well. 
And  health  to  every  forreyiie  nation : 
Yet  he  at  laft,  contending  to  excell 

XXVI.  6.  That  to  their  people  uealth  they  forth  do  wellj 
Forth  do  v:ell,  i.  e.  pour  forth.  Spenfer,  among  the  Erratii, 
has  written  their  for  her.  The  old  poets  write  her,  and  not 
their  ;  following  the  Anglo-Sax.  hijla,  hejie,  illorum.  Urry, 
in  his  edition  of  Chaucer,  (very  unwarrantably)  changes  the 
old  Englidi  her,  i.  e,  their,  into  ther ;  and  hem  into  them ;  for 
which  he  is  cenfured  by  Dr.  llickes  in  his  Sax.  Gram.  p.  29. 
I  base  obferved  that,  in  fome  paflages  in  his  Shepherd's  Ca- 
lendar, Spenfer  ufes  her  for  their  ;  but  he  thought  it  too  antique 
for  his  epick  poem.  There  are  other  paflages,  however,  where 
her  is  printed  for  their,  as  it  feems  to  me.  Thus,  F.  Q.  ii.  vii.  J, 
"  And  thefe  rich  heapes  of  wealth  doeft  hide  apart, 
"  From  the  world's  eye  and  from  her  right  ufance  ?" 
From  thtir  right  ufance;  to  be  referred  to  heapes  of  icealth. 
Again,  F.  Q.  iii.  xii.  .'31. 

"  And  all  perforce  to  make  her  him  to  love,  ° 

"  Ah  !  who  can  love  the  worker  of  her  fmart  ?" 
Spenfer  loves  to  introduce  general  fcntences,  and  general  ob- 
fervations.  Her  in  the  firft  line  feems  to  have  caught  the 
printer's  eye ;  and  to  have  occafioned  the  received  reading ; 
which  appears  not  lb  much  after  Spenfer's  manner,  as  tiie 
following, 

"  Ah  !  who  can  love  the  worker  of  their  fmart  ?" 
Again,  F.  Q.  ii.  ii.  28. 

"  But  her  two  other  fifters  (landing  by 
"  Her  lowd  gainfaid,  and  both  her  champions  bad 
"  Purfew— " 
So  the  lirll  edition  reads;  but  others  read,  "  Me/r  champions." 

Uptox. 
Her  for  their  vms  not  confined  to  poetry.  In  An  Expofycion 
vpon  the  V.  vi.  vii.  chapters  of  Mathcxie,  12mo.  bl.  without  date, 
in  my  poflellion,  the  following  paflage  occurs  in  fol.  xii. 
"  Chryfte  here  in  his  fyrft  farmone  begynneth  to  reftore  the 
lawe  of  the  ten  commaundemeutes  to  her  ryght  vnderftandinge." 

Todd. 

XXVI.  8.     Yet  he  &c.]     Bladud  ftudied  magick ;  and,  at- 

temptiug  to  fly  to  the  upper  regions  of  the  air,  fell  upon  the 

temple  of  Apollo,  and  was  daflied  to  pieces.     Geoffry  of  Alon. 

B.  ii.  C.  10.    See  alfo  the  Mir.  for  Mag.  fol.  30.  2,  where  'ti& 


no  THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.     BOOK  II. 

Tlie  reach  of  men,  through  thght  into  fond  mif- 

chief  fell. 

XXVII. 
Next  him  king  Leyr  in  happie  peace  long  raynd, 
But  had  no  ilVue  male  him  to  fucceed, 
But  three  faire  daughters,  which  were  well 

uptraind 
In  all  that  feemed  fitt  for  kingly  feed ; 
iVIongll  whom  his  Realme  he  equally  decreed 
To  have  divided  :  Tho,  when  feeble  age 
Nigh  to  his  utmoft  date  he  law  proceed, 
He  cald  his  daughters,  and  with  fpeeches  fage 
Inquyrd,  which  of  them  moft  did  love  her  pa- 

„     rentage. 

XXVIII. 
The  eldeft  Gonorill  gan  to  proteft. 

That  (lie  much  more  than  her  owne  life  him 

lov'd  ; 
And  Regan  greater  love  to  him  profeft 
Then  all  the  world,  whenever  it  were  proov'd; 

^mentioned  that  he  ftudied  at  Athens,  and  brought  with  him 
from  thence  fome  learned  men,  whom  he  fettled  at  Stamford 
in  Lincolnlhire,  and  there  built  a  college.  See  Drayton, 
Polyolb.  p.  112,  and  Selden's  notes.    Compare  F.  Q.  iv.  xi.  35. 

Upton. 
XXVII.  9. \\Gr  parent  age. '\     All  the  edi- 
tions read  "  her  parentage."     I  have   corrected  it,  from   the 
Errata,  "  f^cir  parentage."     Church. 

Perhaps  the  diredtion,  in  the  lift  of  Errata,  might  be  rather 
intended  for  ihe  preceding  ftanza,  viz.  "  their  people,"  inftead 
of  "  her  people  ;"  for  both  ftanzas  are  in  the  fame  page  of  the 
original  edition.  The  editions  of  1751  and  of  Mr.  Upton  con- 
form to  this  opinion.     ToDP. 


CANTO  X.  THE  FAERIE  QUEEXE.  Ill 

Bat  Cordeill  laid  (lie  lov'd  him  as  behooved  : 
Whofe  iimple  anfwere,  wanting  colours  fayre 
To  paint  it  forth,  him  to  dilplealaunce  moov'd. 
That  in  his  crown  he  counted  her  no  hayre, 
But  twixt  the  other  twain  his  Kingdom  whole 
did  fhayre. 

XXIX. 

So  wedded  th'  one  to  Maglan  king  of  Scottes, 
And  th'  other  to  the  king  of  Cambria, 
And  twixt  them  Ihayrd  his  Realme  by  equall 

lottes ; 
But,  without  dowre,  the  wife  Cordelia 
Was  fent  to  Aganip  of  Celtica  : 
Their  aged  fyre,  thus  eafed  of  his  crowne, 
A  private  life  ledd  in  Albania 
AVith  Gonorill,  long  had  in  great  renowne, 

That  nought  him  griev'd  to  beene  from  rule 

depofed  downe. 

XXX. 
But  true  it  is  that,  when  the  oyle  is  fpent, 
The  light  goes  out,  and  weeke  is  throwne 

away ; 
So,  when  he  had  refignd  his  regiment, 
His  daughter  gan  defpife  his  drouping  day, 
And  wearie  wax  of  his  continuall  ftay  : 

XXIX.  5.     ■ Aganip]     Aganippus  king  of  France, 

who,  upon  hearing  of  Cordelia's  beauty,  (according  to  Geotfry 
of  Monmouth,)  or  rather  wifdom  and  goodnefs,  (as  Robert  of 
Gloucefter  fays,)  fent  and  demanded  her  iu  marriage  without 
any  portion.    Church. 


11(2  THE  FAERIE  QUEEXEj  BOOK  II^ 

'J'ho  to  Ills  tlaui;hter  Regan  he  rcpayrd, 
AVIlo  him  at  firil  well  uled  every  way  ; 
Ikit,  when  of  his  departure  (he  defpayrd, 
Ilerbountie  tlie  abated,  and  his  cheare  empayrd. 

XXXI. 

The  wretched  man  gan  then  avife  too  late. 
That  love  is  not  where  mod  it  is  profeft; 
Too  truely  tryde  in  his  extremed  ftate  ! 
At  lall,  relblv'd  likewife  to  prove  the  reft, 
He  to  Cordelia  himlelfe  add  reft, 
A\  ho  with  entyre  afteftion  him  receav'd, 
As  for  her  fyre  and  king  her  feemed  bell ; 
And  after  all  an  army  ftrong  flie  leav'd, 

To  war  on  thof'e  which  him  had  of  his  llcalme 

berea\'d. 

XXXII. 

So  to  his  crowne  ftie  him  reftord  againe ; 

In  which  he  dyde,  made  ripe  for  death  by  eld, 
And  after  wild  it  ftiould  to  her  remaine : 
AVho  peaceably  the  fame  long  time  did  weld, 
And  all  mens  harts  in  dew  obedience  held ; 
Till  that  her  fifters  children,  woxen  ftrong, 
1'hrough  proud  ambition  againft  her  rebeld, 
And  overcommen  kept  in  prifon  long. 

Till  weary  of  that  wretched  life  herfelfe  Ihe  hong. 


XXXI.  8.      leaVd,]     Levied,  raifetU 

Gall,  itver.     Upton. 

XXXII.  9. herfelfe  Jhe  hong.]      Geoffry  of 

Monmouth  lays  Ihe  killed  berlelf.     So  lays  Harclyng.     Robert 


CANTO  X.  THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  US 

XXX  in. 

Then  o-an  the  bloody  brethren  both  to  rahie: 
But  fierce  Cundah  gan  (hortly  to  envy 
His  brother  Morgan,  prickt  with  proud  dif- 

daine 
To  have  a  pere  in  part  of  Ibverainty  ; 
And,  kindUng  coles  of  cruell  enmity, 
Raifd  warre,  and  him  in  batteiil  overthrew : 
Whence  as  he  to  thofe  woody  hilles  did  tiv. 
Which  liight  of  him  Glamorgan,  there  him 
flew : 

Then  did  he  raigne  alone,  when  he  none  equal 

knew. 

XXXIV. 

His  fonne  Rivall'  his  dead  rowme  did  fupply ; 
In  whole  fad  time  blood  did  from  heaven 

rayne. 
Next  great  Gurguflus,  then  faire  Csecily, 

<>f  Gloucefter  is  filent  as  to  her  death.  He  only  fays  that  her 
nephews  put  her  in  prifon,  and  divided  the  kingdom  between 
them.     Church. 

XXXIII.  1.     the  lloody  brethren]     As  all  the  hifto- 

rians,  I  have  met  with,  fay  they  were  coujlns ;  I  incline  to  thmk 
Spenfer  here  ufes  brethren  (and  in  the  third  line  brother)  for 
relation  in  general,  as  in  F.  Q.  iii.  iii.  52,  where  he  calls  Qda 
and  Oza,  who  were  coufms  only,  "  the  Paynim  brethren." 

Church. 

XXXIV.  3. Caecily,]     So  all  the 

editions.    Silvius,  or  Silius,  or  (as  Hardyng  calls  him)  Sckilius, 
was  fon  of  Gurguftus,    Probably  Spenfer,  for  the  rhyme's  fake, ' 
gave  Skill/.     Slatyer  calls  him  Sicilius  ;  Milton,  Si/illius. 

Church. 
There  are  evidences  of  Ckilius  alfo,  in  Mr.  Upton's  note  on 
ft.  43.     Todd. 

VOL.  IV.  I 


114-  THE  FAERIE  QUKENE.     BOOK  IT. 

In  conftant  peace  their  kingdomes  did  con- 

tayne. 
After  whom  Lago,  and  Kinmarke  did  rayne, 
And  Gorbogud,  till  far  in  years  he  grew  : 
Then  his  ambitious  fonnes  unto  them  twayne 
Arraught  the  rule,  and  from  their  father  drew; 
Stout  Ferrex  and  iierne  Porrex  him   in  prifon 

threw. 

XXXV. 
But  O  !  the  greedy  thirft  of  royall  crowne, 
That  knowes  no  kinred,  nor  regardes  no  right, 
Stird  Porrex  up  to  put  his  brother  downe  ; 
Who,  unto  him  aflembling  forreigne  might, 
]\lade  warre  on  him,  and  fell  himfelfe  in  fight : 
Whofe  death  t'avenge,  his  mother  mercileffe, 
Mod  mercileflfe  of  women,  Wyden  hight. 
Her  other  fonne  faft  deeping  did  oppreiTe, 
And  with  mod  cruell  hand  him  murdred  pit- 
tile  fle. 

XXXVI. 

Here  ended  Brutus  facred  progeny. 


XXXIV.  7.     Then]    So  the  firft  edition  reads.    The  fecond, 

•■  —and  the  edition  of  1751,  Till.     The  folios,  Hughes,  Upton,  and 

•  ■'  'ionfon's  edition  of  1758,  Jriien.     There  feenis  no  occafion  to 

*^-  alter  the  original  reading.    Mr.  Church  has  followed  it.    Todd. 

XXXIV.  8.     Arraught]     Sehed.  Vi.  arrachtr,  to  fnatch  or 

Avreft.     Todd. 

-XXXVI.  i.  Here  ended  &c.]  The  race  of  Brutus  ended 
with  Ferrex  and  Porrex,  "  Which  \\d.6.Jeven  hundred  years  this 
fceptre  borne ;"  but  according  to  GeofTry  of  Monmouth,  650 
3'ears.  But  poets  ufe  round  numbers.  He  {a-yi  facred  progeny, 
becaufe  defcended  from  the  Irojau   kings  and  heroes,  who 


CAX*TO  K.  THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  115 

Which  had  feven  hundred  years  thia  fcepter 
borne 

claimed  kindred  with  the  gods.  This  account  of  Brutus  and 
his  facred  progeny,  is  taken  chiefly  from  Geotfry  of  iMonmouth  ; 
and  as  it  will  be  almoll  impollible  for  the  reader  to  underftand 
many  palTages  in  this  epil'ode,  without  perpetually  turning  to 
this  author,  fo  I  fliall  tranfcibe  from  him  wiiat  may  ferve  to 
illuftrate  our  poet.  The  whole  hiftnry  of  Brutus  is  treated  by 
fome  of  our  bell  hiftorians  as  a  meer  romantick  fable  ;  whilft 
others  vindicate  this  old  tale ;  and  all  allow  it  ferves  very  well 
for  poetry. — -jiLneas,  after  the  deftrudiion  of  Troy,  being  fettled 
in  Italy,  was  fucceeded  by  Afcanius,  and  he  by  Sylvius  ;  whofe 
fon,  Brutus,  having  unfortunately  ilain  his  father,  was  banifhed 
the  kingdom,  and,  retiring  into  Greece,  married  Innogen, 
daughter  of  king  Pandrafus  ;  and  by  him  was  furniflied  vvith  a. 
ileet  to  feek  his  fortune  in  a  diftant  country.  Diana  in  a  vifion 
appears  to  Brutus,  and  tells  him  to  feek  a  weltern  region  be- 
yond Gaul,  where  a  new  Troy  fliould  arife.  Weftward  there- 
fore he  fails,  and  arrived  at  what  is  now  called  Totnofs  in 
Devonftiire.  This  illand,  then  called  Albion,  was  inhabited  by 
giants,  whom  he  and  his  companions  flew.  The  chief  relidence 
of  Brutus  was  Troja  nova,  or  Troinovant,  now  London  ;  where 
having  reigned  S-i  years,  he  divided  his  kingdom  between  his 
three  fons  ;  Locrine  had  the  middle  part,  called  from  him  Loe- 
gria ;  Camber  poflefl'ed  Cambria  or  Wales ;  Albanad  had  Al- 
bania, now  Scotland.  The  youngeft  Albanadt  was  flain  by 
H umber  king  of  the  Huns  ;  who  enjoyed  not  long  his  vidtory, 
being  drowned  by  Locrine  and  Camber  in  the  river,  which  is 
this  day  called  by  his  name.  Humber,  thus  deftroyed,  left 
among  his  fpoils  a  fair  lady  named  Eftrildis,  with  whom  Locrine 
grew  enamoured,  and  refolved  to  marry,  though  contrafted  to 
the  daughter  of  Corineus;  but  his  fear  of  the  power  of  Corineus 
overcame  his  refolution  ;  fo  that  he  openly  marries  Guendolen, 
the  king  of  Cornwal's  daughter,  and  fecretly  loves  Eftrildis,  by 
whom  he  had  a  daughter  named  Sabra.  Mean  time  Corineus 
dying,  Locrine  was  divorced  from  Guendolen,  and  Eftrildis 
made  a  queen.  The  noble  daughter  of  Corineus  could  not 
brook  to  be  thus  difdained.  She  hafiens  into  Comwal,  levies 
'an  army,  vanquiflies  her  hufljand,  and  drowns  Eftrildis  with  her 
fair  daughter  Sabra,  in  a  river  called  ever  after  her  name, 
Severn.  Guendolen,  during  her  fon  Madan's  minority,  took 
the  government  into  her  own  hands.  He  reigned  in  all  about 
40  years,  leaving  behind  him  Mempricius  and  Malim  :  Malira 
Was  flain  by  tbe  treachery  of  his  brother,  and  Mempri&ius  after 

I  2 


110  THE    FAEUIE    QUEEXE.  BOOK  U. 

With  hi2;li  renowme  and  great  felicity: 
Tlie  noble  braunch  from   tli'  antique   (tocke 

was  tome 
Through  difcord,  and  the  roiall  throne  for- 

lorne. 

an  infamous  reign  was  devoured  by  wolves.     His  fon  Ebraiicli, 
or  Ebraiicus,  lalved  both  their  infamies  :  he  was  victorious   in 
Ciaul  ;   and,  having  returned  from  thence   loaded  with    fpoils, 
he  built  feveral  cities  :  he  had  '20  fons,  and  30  daughters :   his 
fons,  excepting  the  eldeil,  all  fettled  in  Germany,  wliich,  from 
thck  gcrmaiis  or  bn>t/iers,   received  its  appellation.     Ebraucus, 
pudiiiig  on  his  conquefts  abroad,  was  llain  by  Brunchildis,  lord 
of  lienault.    To  him  fucceeded  Brutus,  furnamed  Green-Jhidd ; 
who,  to  repair  his  father's  lofs,  fought  a  fecond  battle  in  lien- 
ault with  Brunchild  at  the  mouth  of  the  river  Scaldis.     After 
him  reigned  in  order,  Leil,  lUidliuddibras  or  Iludibras,  Blachid, 
Leir  :  The  three  xvcll-knovn  daughters  of  Leir  were  married,  tlie 
eldeft  to  the  duke  of  Albania,  the  fecond  to  the  duke  of  Corn- 
wal,  and    the  youngelt  to  a  king  in  Gaul ;  who,  though   molt 
injured  by  her   father,  was  the  "moll  dutiful ;  for  flie  rellored 
him  to  the  crown  of  Britain,  which  (lie  enjoyed  after  him  ;  but 
was   depofed  by    xMargannus    and   Cunedagius,    (Morgan   and 
Cinidah,)  her  two  lifters  fons ;  and,  being  imprifoncd  by  them, 
fhe  put  an  end  to  her  life.     Thefe  two  bloody  brothers  divided 
the  kingdom  between  them  ;  but  fuch  kind  of  fellowihip  does 
not   laft   long.     After  Cunedagius,   reigned   llivallo,   in  whofe 
time  (fays  Geoffry  of  Monmouth)  it  rained  blood.     Next  fuc- 
ceeded Gurguftus,  Sifdlius,  I.:igo  or  Jago,  Kinmarchus,  Gorbo- 
gudo  or  Gorbodego,  who   had  two  fons    Ferrex  and  Porrex  : 
Thefe  contended  for  the  crown  during  their  father's  life.     Por- 
rex drove  his  brother  into  Prance,  and  afterwards  flew  him  : 
liis  mother   Videna,  who  loved  Perrex  beft,  had  Porrex  after- 
wards aflalTinated.     And  thus  ended  the  famous  line  of  Brutus, 
which  reigned  in  this  illand,  according  to  (ieotfry  of  Monmouth, 
650  Years  ;  or,  as  Spenfer  in  a  round  number  lays,  700  years. 

Upton. 
Ilardyng,  as  Mr,  Church  has  obferved,  has  made  Tcrrvx  the 
victim  of  his  mother  merciless.  The  chronicler  feems  to  have 
been  miftaken.  Lord  Buckhurft,  in  his  aftcding  tragedy  of 
Gurboduc,  written  long  before  the  Faerie  Queene,  has  defcnbed 
Purrex  llain  by  his  mother,  in  the  fourth  Act,  with  peculiar 
energy  and  pathos.     ToDD. 


CANTO  X.  THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  117 

Thenceforth  this  Realme  was  into  fadions 

rent, 
Whileft  each  of  Brutus  lioafted  to  be  borne. 
That  in  the  end  was  left  no  moniinent 

Of  Brutus,  nor  of  Britons  glorie  auncient. 

XXXVII. 
Then  up  arofe  a  man  of  matchleflTe  might, 
And  wondrous  wit  to  menage  high  afFayres, 
AVho,  ftird  with  pitty  of  the  ftrelTed  phght 
Of  this  fad  Realme,  cut  into  fondry  (hayres 
By  fuch  as  claymd  themfelves  Brutes  right- 
full  hayres. 
Gathered  the  princes  of  the  people  loofe 

XXXVI.  6.  Thenceforth  &c.]  Compare  the  reflexions 
made  by  Eubulus  at  the  clofe  of  Lord  Buckhurft's  tragedy : 

"  Lo,  here  the  end  of  Brutus'  royal  line  ; 

"  And  lo  the  entry  to  the  woful  rack 

"  And  bitter  ruin  of  this  noble  Realm. 

"  The  royal  King,  and  both  his  fons,  are  (lain ; 

"  No  Ruler  refts  within  the  regal  feat; 

"  The  Heir,  to  whom  the  fcepter  'longs,  unknown  : 

"  So  to  each  force  of  foreign  prince's  power, 

"  Whom  'vantage  of  your  wretched  ftate  may  tempt 

*'  By  fudden  arms  to  gain  fo  rich  a  Realm ; 

*'  And  to  the  proud  and  greedy  mind  at  home, 

"  Whom  blinded  luft  to  reign  leads  to  afpire  ; 

"  Lo,  Britain  Realm  is  left  an  open  prey  !"     Todd. 

XXXVII.  1.  Then  up  arofe  a  man  ufmafch/e/Je  might,']  Let 
me  defire  the  reader  to  ftop  a  moment,  and  confider,  with  what 
poetical  art  Spenfer  raifes  the  expectation  ;  and  how  he  keeps 
you  in  fufpenfe  and  delay.  Then  up  arofe  a  man.  You  know 
not  who  this  man  is ;  in  the  next  ftanza  you  hear  his  achieve- 
ments ;  after  that  you  hear  of  him  as  a  lawgiver ;  then,  to 
fatisfy  your  curiofity,  and  with  the  tineft  pathos,  he  adds,  Dun- 
wallo  (tide.  This  hero,  on  whom  Spenfer  fo  finely  expatiates, 
was  Dunwallo  Molmutius.  See  Geoff,  of  Monmouth,  B.  ii. 
C  17.     And  Drayton's  Po/yo/6/o7i,  p.  113.     Upto>i. 

I  3 


lis  THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  KOOK  II. 

To  taken  coLiiiiell  of  their  common  cares  ; 

^Vho,  with  his  wiledom  won,  him  itreight  did 

chooib 

Their  Kin<^,  and  fwore  him  fealty  to  win  or 

looie. 

XXXVIII. 

Then  made  he  liead  againft  his  enimies, 
And  Ymner  flew  of  Loo;ris  mifcreate  ; 
Then  Ruddoc  and  proud  Stater,  both  allyes, 
.  This  of  Albany  newly  nominate, 
And  that  of  Cambry  king  confirmed  late, 
He  overthrew  through  his  owne  valiaunce ; 
Whole  countries  he  redus'd  to  quiet  Hate, 
And  lliortly  brought  to  civile  governaunce, 

Xow  one,  which  earil  were  many  made  through 
variaunce. 

XXXIX. 
Then  made  he  facred  lawes,  which  fome  men  fay 


XXXIX.  1.     facred  laxtes,^     The  Molimdian  Laws 

were  i'even,  and  were  to  this  elTed. 

i.  That  the  temples  of  the  gods  fliould  enjoy  fucli  privileges 
and  immunities,  that  no  maletaclor  flying  to  ihem  for 
fancluary  could  be  feized,  or  by  force  be  drawn  from  them, 
before  he  had  obtained  pardon. 

ii.  That  high-waics  leading  to  temples,  or  roads  to  great 
cities,  (hould  inive  the  like  privilegco. 

iii.  That  ploughs,  oxen  and  other  labouring  cattle,  fliould 
enjoy  the  fame  immunities  ;  and  the  rcafon  of  this  Law  is 
given,  becaufe  olherwife  the  ground  might  lie  untilled, 
and  the  people  perifli  for  want  of  bread. 

iv.  He  iet  out  the  number  of  ploughs  that  fliould  be  in  every 
Shire  and  Hundred,  with  fevere  penalties  upon  all  that 
fhould  be  the  occafion  of  leiTening  the  number. 


CANTO  X.  THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  11S> 

Were  unto  him  reveald  in  vifion  ; 
By  which  he  freed  the  travellers  high-way, 
The  churches  part,  and  ploughmans  portion, 
Reftraining  flealth  and  ftrong  extortion  ; 
The  gratious  Numa  of  great  Britany  : 
For,  till  his  dayes,  the  chiefe  dominion 
By  ftrength  was  wielded  without  pollicy  : 
Therefore  he  firft  wore  crowne  of  gold  for  dignity. 

XL. 
Donwallo  dyde,  (for  what  may  hve  for  ay  ?) 
And  left  two  fonnes,  of  pearelefle  prowelTe 

both, 
1  hat  facked  Rome  too  dearely  did  afTay, 
The  recompence  of  their  peri{ired  oth ; 
And  ranfackt  Greece  wel  tryde,  when  they 

were  wroth  ; 
Befides  fubie6led  France  and  Germany, 

V.  The  fifth  is  the  fame  almoft  with  the  third  ;  only  it  feems 

a  little  to  reftrain  it,  viz.  that  no  oxen  or  labouring  beaft 

Ihould  be   feized   for  debt,  unlefs  there  were  no  other 

goods  or  chattels  to  make  fatisfadion. 

vi.  He  ordained  fet  weights  and  meafures  for  buying  and 

felling, 
vii.  A  Law  againft  thieves  and  robbers. 
See  Sammes,   Brit.  p.  172.     Our  poet  has  compris'd  the  fub- 
ftance  of  Thefe  Laws  in  three  lines.     Church. 
XXXIX.  9-     Therefore  6ic.^     ^o  Hardy ng  : 
"  The  firft  he  was,  as  chronicles  expreme, 
**  That  in  this  Ille  of  Britain  had  crowne  of  golde  ; 
**  For  all  afore  copre  and  gilt  was  to  beholde." 

Church. 

XL,  4.     . periured}     With  the  Latin 

accent  on  the  fecond  fy liable.     The  edition  of  1751  has  crip- 
pled the  iine  by  the  mifprint,  ;?er;w;-'c?.     Todd. 

I  4 


ICO  THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  J300K  If. 

AVhich  yet  their  prailes  fpeiike,  all  be  they 

loth, 
And  iniv  tremble  at  the  meniory 

Of  Brennus  and  Belinus,  kinges  of  Britany. 

XLI. 
Next  them  did  Gurgunt,  great  Belinus  fonne, 
In  rule  fucceede,  and  eke  in  fathers  praife  ; 
He    Eafterland    fubdewd,    and     Denniarke 

Monne, 
And  of  them  both  did  foy  and  tribute  raife, 
The  which  was  dew  in  his  dead  fathers  daies: 
He  alio  gave  to  fugitives  of  Spayne, 
A\  horn  he  at  fea  found  wandring  from  their 

waies, 
A  feate  in  Ireland  fafely  to  remayne, 
AVhich  they  Ibould  hold   of  him  as  fubied  to 
Brit%ne. 

XLII. 
After  him  raigned  Guitheline  his  hayre, 
The  iufteft  man  and  treweft  in  his  daies, 

XLI.  1.     Gurgunt,]     Gurguritius,  as  Milton  calls 

him.  Gurgvut  is  the  reading  of  the  fecond  edition,  which  all 
other  editions  follow,  except  thofe  of  Mr.  Upton  and  Mr. 
Church.  Thrv  adhen-  to  the,  tirft  edition,  which  reads  Gur- 
giunt ;  the  former  tacitly ;  but  the  latter  with  a  remark  that 
this  prince  is  called  Gurguint  in  Sammes's  Brit.  p.  174,  and 
Gurg-wintus  by  Borlafe ;  and  that  Spenfer  perhaps  gave  G?/;-- 
giiiut.  I  prefer  the  fecond  edition,  which  the  poet  himfelf, 
probably,  here  corrected.     Todd. 

XLI.  4. ' foy]       The   tribute  due  from  fi/bjeds. 

An  exprcffion  borrowed  from  the  old  French.  Homme  de  foy 
is  a  vafTal,  or  tenant,  that  holds  by  fealty.  See  Cotgrave''iS'  Fr. 
Did,  V.  Foy.     Todd. 


CANTO  X.  THE  FAERIE   QUEEXE.  121 

Who  had  to  wife  Dame  Mertia  the  fayre, 

A  woman  worthy  of  immortall  praife, 

Which  for  this  Realme  found  many  goodly 

layes, 

And   wholefome    ftatutes    to    her    huiband 

brought : 

Her  many  deemd  to  have  beene  of  the  Fayes, 

As  was  Aegerie  that  Numa  tought : 

Tliofe  yet  of  her  be  Mertian  lawes  both  nam'd 

and  thought. 

XLIII. 

Her  fonne  Sifillus  after  her  did  rayne  ; 

And  then  Kimarus ;  and  then  Danius  : 

Next  whom  Morindus  did  the  crowne  fuf- 

tayne ; 

XLII.  3.     Mertia]     That  is,  Martia,  of  whom 

Hardyng  lays ; 

"  That  was  fo  wife  in  her  feminite, 

"  That  lawes  made  of  her  fingularite 

"   (That  called  were  the  Lawes  of  Marcian) 

"  In  Britaine  tongue  of  her  owne  wit  alane." 

Church. 

XLIL  5. laycs,]      Laws,    for  the 

rinme's  fake.     Church. 

XLIII.  \.     Sifillus]     It  is  with  great  doubt  and 

difficulty  I  am  led  to  prnpofe  any  alteration  in  the  proper 
names,  very  well  knowing  what  latitude  our  poet  particular!}-, 
find  all  the  old  poets  allowed  themfelvcs,  in  Ipelling  and  alter- 
ing as  they  pleafed.  I  vvould  read  Si/ilivs.  In  the  Mir.  for 
Mag.  'tis  written  Cicilius.  In  Stow,  Cicilius.  In  llolinftied, 
Hicilius.     Upton. 

All  the  editions  here  read  Sijllus.  Hardyng  and  Samnies 
call  hmi  Sicilius;  Milton,  Sijiliiis.  'I  his  was  the  fecond  of  that 
name,  (fee  It.  34-.)  and  fon  of  Guitheline,  who  was  regent 
during  his  minority.  Borlafe  calls  him  Sijillus,  which,  I  IhoiiJd 
fuppofe,  was  as  Spenfer  wrote  the  name.     Church. 


l!22  THE  FAERIE  QUEEXE.     BOOK  II. 

AMio,  had  he  not  with  wrath  oiitrajreous 

And  cruell  rancour  dim'd  his  valorous 

And  mightie  deedes,  ihould  matclied  have 

the  bell : 

As  well  in  that  fame  field  vi6lorious 

Againft  the  forreine  Morands  he  expreil ; 

YetUveshisrnemorie,  though  carcasfleepe  in  rell. 

XLIV. 

Five  fonnes  he  left  begotten  of  one  wife, 
All  which  fucceffively  by  turnes  did  rayne : 
Firft  Gorboman,  a  man  of  vertuous  life  ; 
Next  Archigald,  who  for  his  proud  difdayne 
Depofed  was  from  princedome  foverayne, 
'  And  pitteous  Ehdure  put  in  his  fled  ; 
Who  (hortly  it  to  him  reftord  agayne, 
Till  by  his  death  he  it  recovered ; 

But  Peridure  and  Vigent  him  difthronized : 

XLIII.  4,     Jf'ho,  had  fie  not  &c.]     So  Hardyng: 
"  His  yre  exceeded  his  wytte  end  governall."     Church. 

XLIII.  8.  Againjl  the  forreine  Morands]  In  the  reign  of 
Morvidus,  whom  Spenfer  names  Morindiis,  a  certain  king  of  tiie 
I^Iorincs,  i.  e,  the  old  inhabitants  of  tlie  Boulognois  in  France, 
landed  with  an  army  in  Northumberland ;  but  Morvidus 
marched  againft  him  and  Hew  him.  Geoti".  of  M.  B.  iii.  C.  15. 
Compare  Holinfhed,  p.  20.  The  Morands  or  Marines,  whom 
Spenfer  calls  Jorreign,  Virgil  calls  "  extremi  hominum,"  ^n. 
viii.  7'27.  So  Pliny,  "  ultimi  hominum  exiltimati  Morini ;" 
meaning  that  they  lived  on  the  utmoft  boundaries  of  the  Roman 
government;  oppofite  to  Britain,  which  was  looked  on  as 
another  world.     Upton. 

XLIV.  4. Archigald,]      Or  Archigallo.      Hardyng 

calls  him  Arthegall.     He  endeavoured  to  deprefs  the  nobility. 

Church. 

.  XLIV.  6.    pitteous  £/j(fwre]     He  was  called  Elidure 

the  meek.     Church. 


CANTO  X.  THE   FAERIE  QUEENE.  123 

_   XLV. 

In  wretched  prifon  long  he  did  remaine, 

Till  they  out-raigned  had  their  utmoit  date, 
And  then  therein  refeized  was  againe, 
And  ruled  long  with  honorable  ftate, 
Till  he  lurrendred  realme  and  life  to  fate. 
Then  all  the  fonnes  of  thefe  five  brethren 

raynd 
By  dew  fuccefle,  and  all  their  nephewes  late ; 
Even  thrife  eleven  defcents  the  crowne  re- 
taynd. 

Till  aged  Hely  by  dew  heritage  it  gaynd. 

XLVI. 

He  had  two  fonnes,  whofe  eldeft,  called  Lud, 
Left  of  his  life  moft  famous  memory. 
And  endleffe  moniments  of  his  great  good  : 

•  XLV.  1.  In  •wretched  prifon  &c.]  He  was  confined  foi' 
feventeen  years  in  the  Tower  of  London,  during  the  iucceffivc 
reigns  of  Vigent  and  Peridure ;  after  whofe  deaths  he  refumed 
the  throne  a  third  time,  reigned  four  years  with  great  applaufc, 
and  was  buried  at  Carlifle.     See  Sammes's  Brit.  p.  177. 

Church. 

XLV.  3.      refeized]     Had  fcifiii   or  ■pojjcjjlon 

again;  reinftaled  in  his  kingdom.     Upton. 

XLV.  7.  -Bj/  dewfucceje,]  That  is,  by  due  fucceflion;  ^V^ 
their  dew  defcents,  as  he  exprefles  it,  ft.  74.     Church. 

Ibid.      '■ nephewes]     Nephews  are 

nepofcs,  grandfons.     See  before,  F.  Q.  ii.  viii.  29.     Joutin. 

XLV.  8.  Ev'n  thrife  eleven  &c.]  GeofiVy  of  Monmouth, 
Sammes,  and  Borlafe,  give  the  names  of  thirty  three  princes 
between  Elidure  and  Hely.  But  the  poet  has  judicioufly  pafl'ed 
over  this  period,  as  there  is  a  great  difference  (as  Sammes  ob- 
ferves)  in  the  hiftorians,  not  only  concering  the  names  of  thefe 
princes,  but  the  number  of  them,  and  the  times  of  their  reigns  ; 
and  thereby  great  confufion  is  made  in  the  Britilh  hiftory. 

Church. 


12-i  THE  FAERIE  QUE^.NE.  BOOK  II. 

The  ruin'd  wals  he  did  rcjrdityc 

Of  Trovnovant,  fiainft  force  of  enimv, 

And  built  that  Gate  which  of  his  name  is 

hight, 
By  which  he  lyes  entombed  folemnly : 
He  left  two  fonnes,  too  young  to  rule  aright, 
Androgens  and  lenantius,  pi6turesof  his  might. 

XLVII. 

AVhilft  they  w^re  vouns;,  CaiTibalane  their  eme 
Was  by  the  people  chofen  in  their  fted, 
W  ho  on  him  tooke  the  roiall  diademe, 
And  goodly  well  long  time  it  governed ; 
Till  the  prowde  Romanes  him  difquieted, 
And  warlike  Caefar,  tempted  with  the  name 
Of  this  fweet  Ifland  never  conquered, 
And  envying  the  Britons  blazed  fame, 

(O  hideous  hunger  of  dominion  !)  hether  came. 

XLVIII. 

Yet  twife  they  were  repulfed  backe  againe, 

XLVI.  8.  He  left  trio  fonnes,  too  young  to  rule  aright,  &c.] 
Gooff,  of  iMoiinioutli,  B.  iii.  C.  xx.     Uptox. 

XLVII.  1.     ■ their  eme]     Their  vnclc. 

So  Hardyng : 

"  Cafllbalayn  their  uncle  then  was  kyng." 
See  alfo  the  next  ftanza.     Cnrucn. 

Eme  is  ufed  by  Chaucer,  as  Mr.  Upton  has  obferved.  Anglo- 
Sax.  Eame,  uncle.  The  Glofiary  to  Urry's  Chaucer  notices 
that  tlie  word  was  then  employed  in  this  fenfe  In  the  northern 
parts  of  Kiigland.     Todd, 

XLVIII.  I.  Yet  tuife  they  were  rejnilfed  hacke  againe,]  Geoff, 
of  Monmouth  mentions  two  victories  of  CaOibelaun  over 
Caefar ;  and  cites,  in  honour  of  his  countrymen,  the  following 
vtrfe  of  Lucan,  which  he  applies  to  Ciefar, 


CANTO  X.         THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  125 

And  twife  renfbrft  backe  to  their  fliips  to  fly; 
The  whiles  with  blood  they  all  the  Ihore  did 

ftaine, 
And  the  gray  ocean  into  purple  dy : 
Ne  had  they  footing  found  at  lalt  perdie. 
Had  not  Androgens,  falfe  to  native  foyle, 
And  envious  of  uncles  foveraintie, 
Betravd  his  country  unto  forreine  fpoyle. 
Nou2:ht  els  but  trealbn  from  the  firft  this  land 
did  foyle ! 

XLIX. 
So  by  him  Caefar  got  the  vi6lory, 

Through  great  bloodihed    and  many  a  fad 
aflay, 

"  Territa  quaefitis  oftendit  terga  Britannis/' 
Horace  plainly  Ipeaks  of  Britain  as  an  unconquered  country : 
"  Intattvs  aut  Britannus  ut  delcenderet 
"  Sacra  catenatus  via."     Upton, 

XLVIII.  1.      renfurll]      So   all  the  editions.      I 

think  it  (hould  be  enfoijl,  i.  e.  forced,  obliged.     Church. 

XLVIII.  .9. foyle!]       So   all   the 

editions  read.  I  once  thought  it  ihould  be  foyle ;  but  now 
fuppofe  it  is  ufed  iorfoul,jtain.  So  Fletcher  ules  /b//,  Purp, 
Ifl.  C.  xi.  33. 

"  with  loathfome  fpot  to  foil."     Chuuch. 

Mr.  Church  is  miftaken,  I  think,  in  his  explanation  oi' foil  as 
ufed  by  Spenfer.  Foil  here  fignirtes  to  defeat  or  conquer,  as  it 
alfo,  fignilies,  in  F.  Q.  v.  xi.  3-3,  and  in  other  places.  Foil,  both 
as  a  fubftantive  and  verb  in  this  fenfe,  was  frequent  in  the  time 
of  Spenfer,  and  long  after.  See  my  note  on  Milton's  Faraphr. 
Pf.  cxiv. 

• ■  "  Jordan's  clear  ftreams  recoil, 

"  As  a  faint  hoft  that  hath  receiv'd  the  foil." 
That  this  is  the  fenfe  of  foyle  in  the  prefent  paflage,  is  obvious 
by  the  context :  The  conntrv  had  been  betrayed;  yet -nought 
elfe  but  treafon  had  conquered  it.     Todd. 


V26  THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  BOOK  It. 

In  which  hunfc'lfc  was  charged  heavily 
Of  hardy  Nennius,  whom  he  yet  did  flay, 
But  loft  his  fword,  yet  to  be  i'eene  this  day. 
Thenceforth  this  Land  was  tributarie  made 
T'ambitious  Rome,  and  did  their  rule  obay, 
Till  Arthur  all  that  reckonino'  defrayd : 
Yet  oft  the  Briton  Kings  againft  tliem  llrongly 
fwayd. 

XT>1X.  5.  But  Injl  his  fword,  yet  to  be  fccne  this  dai/.]  Ac- 
cording to  our  old  liritifh  hiltorian,  Cajl'ur  and  Nennius  lighting 
in  fingle  combat,  the  i'word  of  Cail'ar  faftned  fo  hard  in  the 
fhield  of  Neiniius,  that  he  could  not  draw  it  out  agani.  Nen- 
nius however  was  mortally  wounded  in  this  battle;  and  his  exe- 
quies were  royally  performed  by  Cailibelaun  ;  and  Cajfar's 
fuoid  WIS  put  into  his  tomb  with  him.  See  likewife  the  Mir- 
rour  for  Magiji rales,  fol.  70.     Upton. 

XLIX.  7. their  rK/f]     I  think  it   fliould  be 

"  her  rule,"  Rome's  :  And  fo  in  the  laft  line  it  Hiould  be  her 
Inlxead  o(  fhei/i.     Ciiuiicii. 

XLIX.  8.  Till  Arthur  all  that  reckoning  defrat/d ;]  'Tis 
mentioned  in  Geoft'.  of  Monmouth,  and  in  the  Hiltorv  of 
Arthur:  **  IIow  EmbalVadors  came  from  Rome  to  demand 
truage  for  the  realm  of  Britain  :"  and  afterwards  we  read  of  his 
viclories  againft  the  Romans.  Arthur  reads  this  account  of 
hiinfelf,  but  knows  not  that  he  is  pointed  at.  See  F.  Q.  i.  ix. 
3.  Having  above  mentioned  the  fucceffion  of  Kings  from 
Brutus  to  Ferrex  and  Porrex,  when  the  line  of  Brutus  ended  ; 
I  Ihall  here  from  the  fame  author,  Geoffry  of  Monmouth, 
whom  Spenfer  in  great  meafure  follows,  give  a  (hort  account  ol 
the  Britilh  kings,  from  Ferrex  and  Porrex,  to  the  times  of  Ju- 
lius Cffifar.  After  the  extindion  of  the  family  of  Brutus,  the 
kingdom  was  divided  into  fadions,  till  the  whole  was  again  re- 
duced into  a  monarchy  by  Dunwallo  Molmutius,  the  famous 
lawgiver  ;  who  left  behind  him  two  fons,  Brennus  and  Belinus, 
who  took  Rome,  and  over-run  Gaul.  Next  Gurguntius  was 
king,  who  fubdued  the  Dane,  refufing  to  pay  the  tribute  cove- 
nanted to  his  father  Belinus  :  As  Gurguntius  was  returning 
from  his  victories  in  Denmark,  he  found  near  the  Orkneys  30 
Spanilh  fhips,   whofe  captain,   Bartholinus,  being  wrongfully 


CANTO  X.  THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  12? 

L. 

Next  him  Tenantius  raignd  ;  then  Kimbeline, 
What  time  th*  Eternall  Lord  in  fleihly  ilime 
Enwombed  was,  from  wretched  Adams  line 
To  purge  away  the  guilt  of  iinful  crime. 
O  io3^ous  memorie  of  happy  time, 
■  That  heavenly  grace  fo  plenteoufly  difplayd ! 
O  too  high  ditty  for  my  fimple  rime  ! — 
Soone  after  this  the  Romanes  him  warrayd  ; 

For  that  their  tribute  he  refufd  to  let  be  payd. 

banifhed,  befought  the  Britifh  king  to  affign  him  fome  part  of 
his  territories  to  dwell  in:  Gurguntius  lent  them  with  fome  of 
liis  own  men  to  Ireland,  then  unpeopled,  and  gave  them  that 
illand  to  hold  of  him  as  in  homage.  After  him  reigned  his  fon 
Guitheline  ;  whofe  wife  Martia  is  faid  to  be  the  author  of  the 
Marcian  laws.  Then  in  order  Sifillius,  Kimarus,  Danius,  Mor- 
vidus;  who  left  behind  him  five  fons,  viz.  Gorbonian,  Arth- 
gallo,  Elidure,  Vigenius,  Peredure  :  Thefe  reigned  fucceflively; 
and  then  the  fons  of  thefe  five  brethren :  after  whom  a  long 
defcent  of  kings  is  mentioned,  of  whom  little  or  nothing  is 
faid :  fo  that  Spenfer  comes  at  once  to  Hely,  who  had  three 
fons,  Lud,  Cafiibelaun,  and  Nennius :  (for  I  think  'tis  a  mif- 
take  of  Spenfer,  or  rather  of  his  printer,  in  11.  46.  "  He  had 
txoo  fons :")  Lud,  who  fucceeded  him,  enlarged  Troynovant, 
and  called  it  from  his  own  name,  Caer-lud,  now  London.  He 
left  two  fons.  Androgens  and  Tenuantius,  under  the  tuition  of 
their  uncle  Cafiibelaun :  in  whofe  time  Julius  Caefar  invaded 
Britain.     Upton. 

XLIX.  8. defraijd;]       So  the    firft 

edition  reads;  to  which  thofe  of  1751,  Tonfon's  in  175S, 
Upton,  and  Church,  adhere.  The  fecond  reads  did  defray,  a 
miftake  which  the  folios  and  Hughes  have  followed.     Todd. 

L.  1. then  Kimbeline,   &c  ]      He  fucceeded 

his  father  in  the  third  year  before  Chrift.    See  Sammes,  p.  203. 

Church. 

L.  8.  Soone  after  this  &c.]  As  Kimbeline  is  laft  mentioned, 
it  fhould  feem  that  he  was  the  perfon  whom  the  Romans  in- 
vaded for  refufing  to  pay  tribute  j  but  he  was  not.     The  King 


1-8  THE    FAEUTE    QUEENE.  BOOK  11. 

LI. 

Good  Claudius,  that  next  was  Emperour, 
An    arniv   brouoht,    and  with   him  batteile 

fought, 
In  which  the  King  was  by  a  treachetour 
Difguifed  llainc,  ere  any  thereof  thought : 
Yet  ceafed  not  the  bloody  fight  for  ought : 
For  Arvirage  his  brothers  place  fupplyde 
Both  in  his  amies  and  crowne,  and  by  that 

draught 
Did  drive  the  Romanes  to  the  weaker  fyde, 
That  they  to  peace  agreed.    So  all  was  pacify de. 

then  reigning  was  Guideriiis,  Elder  Brother  to  Arvirage  (fee  the 
iifxt  ftanza)  and  Son  to  Kinibeline.  So  Robert  of  GlouceUer, 
p,  6'2.  And  fo  GeoflVy  of  Monmouth,  Slatyer,  &c.  This 
omifiion  therefore,  in  our  poet,  (as  to  the  hiftorical  part)  may 
be  fupj)lied  from  Ilardyng  : 

"  Guyder  his  fonne  and  heyre  full  corageous, 

"  'i'hat  crouned  was  and  Kyng  of  excellence, 

"  The  tribute  whiche  the  Romains  had  of  us 

*'  Denied  then,  and  made  great  rcfiftence 

"  With  great  trouble  and  manly  violence, 

"  Unto  the  tyme  that  he  had  reigned  clere 

"   In  Britain  by  fourty  and  foure  yere."     Church. 

LI.  1. that  next  was  Emperour, '\     He  means  that 

Claudius  was  the  next  emperor  (after  Julius  Caefar)  that  in- 
vaded Britain.     But  why  does  he  call  him  good  ?     Ciiuhch. 

LI.  7.  Both  in  his  urrnes  and  crowne  ;]  So  the  firil  edition 
reads,  to  which  the  editions  of  1751,  of  Church,  Upton,  and 
Tonfon's  in  1758,  adhere.  The  fecond  edition  has  omitted 
his  ;  and  the  folios  have  fupplied  the  lofs  by  reading 

"  In  arms,  and  eke  in  crown"— 
Hughes  has  been  mifled  by  them.     Todd. 

Ibid. bi/  that  draught]     That   is,    by   that 

refemhlance,  by  the  ftratagem  of  putting  on  his  Brother's  armour* 
A  draught  is  the  refemblance  of  a  thing  drawn  upon  paper, 
•Sic.     Church. 


CANTO  X.  THE   FAERIE  QUEEXE.  12*} 

LII. 

Was  never  King  more  highly  magnifide, 
Nor  dredd  of  Romanes,  then  was  Arvirage  ; 
Vor  whicli  the  Emperour  to  him  alhde 
His  daii"hter  Genuifs'  in  marriage: 
Yet  fhortly  he  renounft  the  vailallage 
Of  Rome  againe,  who  hether  haftly  fent 
Yefpafian,  that  with  great  fpoile  and  rage 
Forwafted  all,  till  Genuifla  gent 

Perfuaded  him  to  cealJe,  and  her  lord  to  relent. 

LIII. 

He  dide ;  and  him  fucceded  Marius, 
Who  ioyd  his  dayes  in  great  tranquillity. 
Then  Coyll ;  and  after  him  good  Lucius, 
That  firft  received  Chriftianity, 
The  facred  pledge  of  Chriftes  Evangely. 
Yet  true  it  is,  that  Ions;  before  that  dav 
Hither  came  lofeph  of  Arimathy, 

LII.  1.  JFas  never  King  &CC.]  As  no  mention  is  made,  in 
the  Roman  hiftories,  of  the  leveral  cnxumftances  in  this  Ttanza, 
Sammes  lufpeds  the  whole  to  be  fabulous,  p.  211.  Unlefs, 
fays  he,  we  may  take  Holinlhed's  word,  that  Arviragus  was  the 
fame  with  Prafutagus  mentioned  by  Tacitus,  ibid,  p.  238. 
INIilton  likewife  treats  the  whole  as  fabulous,  p.  66,    Church. 

LII.  4.  His  daug/ifer  Genuifs']  Claudius,  emperor  of  Rome, 
married  his  daughter  GenuilTa  to  Arviragus.  Geoff,  of  Mon. 
B.  iv.  C.  XV.    See  alfo  Holinlhed,  p.  36.     Upton. 

LIII.  2. in  great    tranquillity.]       So   the 

firft  edition  reads,  which  the  editions  of  1751,  Church,  Upton, 
and  Tonfon's  in  1758,  follow.  The  reft  read  "  with  great  tran- 
quillity."    Todd. 

LIII.  3.  Then  Coyll;]  Coyll  the  fecond,  fon  to  Marius. 
Coyll  the  firft  is  of  the  number  of  the  thirty  three  princes 
fpoken  of  in  ft.  45.     Church. 

VOL.  IV.  K 


130  THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  BOOK  It. 

AVho   brought  uith  him  the  Holy  Grayle, 
(they  %,) 
And  preacht  the  truth  ;  but  fince  it  greatly  did 
decay. 

LIV. 
This  good  King  (liortly  Avithout  iiTew  dide, 
Whereof  great  trouble  in  the  Kingdome  grew, 
That  did  herfelfe  in  Ibndry  parts  divide, 
And  with  her  powre  her  owne  felfe  overthrew, 
Whileft Romanes  daily  did  the  weake  fubdew: 
AV  hich  feeing,  flout  Bunduca  up  arofe, 
And  taking  amies  the  Britons  to  her  drew  ; 
A\  ith  whom  ilie  marched  ftraight  againfl  her 
foes. 
And  them  unwares  befides  the  Severnc  did  en- 
clofe. 

LIII.  8.     the  Holy  Grayle,]     Mr.  Upton  is  anxious 

to  prove  that  Grayle  here  means  the  I'acred  dilh  in  which  our 
Saviour  ate  the  paliover ;  and  more  particularly  relies  on  the 
authority  of  Menage,  viz.  '*  Graal,  ou  greal,  un  vafleau  de 
terre,  une  terrine.  Ce  mot  vient  da  grais  ;  parce  que  ces  vaif- 
feaux  font  fait  de  grais  cuit.  II  y  a  un  Roman  ancien,  intitule 
La  Conquejte  du  Sai/igreal,  c'eft  k  dire,  du  S.  Vaisseau  o\i 
eftoit  le  fang  de  Jefus  Chrilt,  qu'il  appelle  auffi  le  fang  real, 
c'eft  a  dire,  le  fang  royal :  et  ainfi  ces  deux  chofes  font  con- 
fondues  tellement,  qu'on  ne  connoift  qu'  avec  peine  quand  les 
anciens  Romans,  qui  en  parlent  fort  fouvent,  entendent  le  vaif- 
feau  on  le  fang."  Enough,  however,  has  been  faid,  in  the  pre- 
liminary remarks  on  the  poet's  Imitations  from  the  Old  Ro- 
mances, to  ftiow  its  precife  meaning  here.     Todd. 

LIV.  6".     — ' Bunduca]      The  fame   with  Bonduca 

and  Boadicea.     Church. 

LIV.  9. befides]      Near.      So  all  the  edi- 
tions.    See  F.  Q.  ii.  i.  41.    "  Befides  them  both,  &cc." 

Church. 


CANTO  X.  THE  FAEUtE  QUEENE.  131 

LV. 

There  (lie  with  tliem  a  craell  batteill  tryde, 
Not  with  lb  good  fuccefie  as  (liee  dele rv'd ; 
By  reaion  that  the  captalnes  on  her  ijde, 
Corrupted  by  Pauhnus,  from  her  fwerv'd  : 
Yet  fuch,  as  were  through  former  flight  pre- 

ferv'dj 
Gathering  againe>  her  hoft  fhe  did  renew, 
And  with  freili  corage  on  the  vi6lor  fervd  : 
But  being  all  defeated,  fave  a  few, 

Rather  than  fly,  or  be  captiv'd,  herfelfe  flie  flew. 

LVI. 

O  famous  moniment  of  womens  prayfe  ! 
Matchable  either  to  Semiramis, 
Whom  antique  hiflory  fo  high  doth  rayfe, 
Or  to  Hyphphil',  or  to  Thomiris  : 
Her  hofl;  two  hundred  thoufand  numbred  is ; 
W  ho,  whiles  good  fortune  favoured  her  might. 
Triumphed  oft  againft  her  enemis ; 


LV.  4.     Paullmis,]     The  Roman  General.     Church. 

LVI.  4. Hyptlphir,    or  to  Thomiris  :]      Tomyris  it 

fhould  be,  though  'tis  hkely  enough  that  Spenfer  might  write  it 
as  it  is  printed.  But  furely  he  never  intended  Hyjipkil'.  It 
Uiould  be  Hypfiphyl',  Ijypfiphyle.     JoRTlN. 

Dr.  Jortin's  conjedure  in  regard  to  the  fpelling  of  Thomiris 
is  right,  both  the  poet's  editions  herein  agreeing.  But  the 
learned  critick  did  not  look  into  the  firft  edition ;  for,  if  he  had 
examined  it,  he  would  have  found  Hypfiphil'  to  have  been 
given  by  Spenfer  himfelf,  and  the  reading  of  the  folios,  Hyft- 
p/iir,  to  have  been  in  conformity  to  the  errour  of  the  poet's 
lecond  edition,  which  Hughes  alio  has  followed.  The  editions 
of  1751,  of  Upton,  Church,  and  Tonfon's  in  1758,  rightly  admit 
the  genuine  reading,  HypJlphiV.     Todd. 

K  2 


r 


132  THE  FAERIE  QUEENE*     BOOK  It. 

And  yet,  tlioii^h  overcome  in  bapleffe  fight, 
Shee  triumphed  on  death,  in  enemies  defpight. 

LVII. 

Her  reliques  Fulgent  ha\ing  gathered. 
Fought  with  Severus,  and  him  overthrew  J 
Yet  in  the  chace  was  flaine  of  them  that  fled ; 
So  made  them  vi6lors  whome  he  did  fubdew. 
Then  gan  Caraufms  tirannize  anew, 
i\nd  gainit  the  Romanes  bent  their  proper 

powre ; 
But  him  Allectus  treacheroufly  flew^j 
And  tooke  on  him  the  robe  of  FiUiperoure : 

Nath'lefle  the  fame  enioyed   but  ftiort  happy 

howre : 

LVIII. 
For  Afclepiodate  him  overcame, 

And  left  inglorious  on  the  vanquiflit  playne, 
A\ithout  or  robe  or  rag  to  hide  his  fhame : 

LVII.  1.     Fulgent]     King  of  the  Pi(5ls.     Church. 

L\'II.  2.     Severus,]     The  Roman  General.    Har- 

clyng  calls  him  "    Sever  the  fenatour."      So  does  Geoff,   of 
Monmouth.     Church. 

LVII.  5.     • tirannize  anew,  See]     As  the  Britifli   hif- 

tory  is  much  confufed  after  tlie  reign  of  Lucius,  who  died  with- 
out iiluc,  Spenfer  here  feems  to  ufe  the  word  tirannize,  as  the 
Greek  writers  do,  and  means  only  that  Caraufms  affeded  to  be 
called  /ijng  :  Coyll  the  third  was  afterwards  made  fuch  by  the 
joint  fuflVages  of  the  Realm.  See  the  next  ftanza.  Caraufms 
had  artfully  contrived  to  obtain  a  commiflion  from  the  Romans 
to  defend  the  maritime  Coafts  of  Britain.  So  Geoffry  of  Mon- 
mouth.     ClILMlCH. 

LVII.  7.     Allecius]     The  Roman  General.     Ro- 
bert of  Gloucefter  calls  him  *'  a  gret  lordyng,"  p.  79. 

Church. 


CANTO   X.  THE  FAERIE  QUEEXE.  ]33 

Then  afterwards  he  in  his  ilead  did  raigne ; 

But  fhortly  was  by  Coyll  in  batteill  flame : 

AVho  after  long  debate,  fince  Lucies  tyme. 

Was  of  the  Britons  firft  crownd  Soveraine  : 

Then  gan  this  Reahne  renew  her  palled  prime : 

He  of  his  name  Coylchefter  built  of  frone  and 

hme. 

.Lix. 

Which  when  the  Romanes  heard,   they  hether 
fent 
Conftantius,  a  man  of  mickle  might, 
With  whome  King  Coyll  made  an  agreement. 
And  to  him  gave  for  wife  his  daughter  bright, 
Fayre  Helena,  the  faireft  hving  wight. 
Who  in  all  godly  thewes  and  goodly  praife 
Pid  far  excell,  but  was  moft  famous  hight 

.    For  fkil  in  muficke  of  all  in  her  dales. 

As  well  in  curious  inftruments  as  cunning  laies: 

LX. 

Of  whome  he  did  great  Conftantine  begett. 
Who  afterward  was  emperour  of  Rome  ; 
To  which  whiles  abfent  he  his  mind  did  fett, 
Oftavius  here  lept  into  his  roome, 

LVIII.  5.     Coyll]     This  was  Coyll  the  third  :  Af- 

clepiodate  reigned  about  one  year.  Robert  of  Gloucelter, 
after  Geoffry  of  JMonmouth,  fays  ten.     Church. 

LVIII.  6". Lucies]     Lucius's.     See  Stanza  .53. 

Ch  U  liC  H. 
LX.  4.     Odatii/s]      Hardyng  calls  him   Duke  of  Weftefex. 
He  was  King  of  North  \Vale3,  rebelled  againlt  the  Roman  pro- 
confuls  appointed  by  Conftantine,  and  having  llain  them  made 
jiimfelf  King  of  Britain.     Church. 

K  3 


lo4  THE  FAERIE  QUEEXE.  BOOK  II, 

And  it  ufurped  by  unrighteous  doonie  : 
But  he  Ins  title  iultifide  by  might, 
Slayino;  Traherne,  and  having:  overcome 
The  Koniane  legion  in  dreadful!  fight: 
So  fettled   he  his  kingdome,  and  confirmd  his 

right : 

LXI. 
P>ut,  wanting  yfievv  male,  his  daughter  deare 
lie  ga^•e  in  wedlocke  to  Maximian, 
And  hmi  with  hermadeof  his  kingdome  hey  re, 
AV  ho  foone  by  meanes  thereof  the  Empire  wan, 
Till  murdred  by  the  freends  of  Gratian. 
Then  gan  the  Hunnes  and  Pi6ls  invade  this 

Land, 
During  the  raigne  of  Maximinian  ; 
AVho  dying  left  none  heire  them  to  withftand; 
But  that  they  overran  all  parts  with  eafy  hand, 

LXII. 
The  weary  Britons,  whofe  war-hable  youth 
A\'as  by  jMaximian  lately  ledd  away, 
\V  ith  wretched  mile  ryes  and  woefull  ruth 
Were  to  thofe  Pagans  made  an  open  pray, 
And  daily  fpectacle  of  fad  decay: 

LX.  7.     Traherne,']     Robert  of  Gloucefter  fays, 

Helen  had  three  uncles,  lloiiyn,  Traheii,  and  Maryn.  Har- 
dyng  too  calls  Traherne  *'  Sainct  Elyns  uncle."     Church. 

LXII.  1.     • Khofc  war-hable  youth']     See  the 

notes  on  all  hable  annes  to  found,  F.  Q.  i.  xii.  5.  See  alfo  Geoff", 
of  Mon.  B.  V.  C.  xvi.  JMaximian  is  faid  to  have  left  only  liuf- 
bandinen,  who  had  neither  lenfe  nor  arms,  for  the  defence  of 
their  country.     Todd, 


CANTO  X.  THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  135 

Whome    Romane  warres,  which    now  fowr 

hundred  veares 
And  more  had  wafted,  could  no  whit  difmay ; 
Til,  by  confent  of  Commons  and  of  Peares, 
They  crownd  the  fecond  Conftantine  with  ioy- 
ous  teares : 

LXIII. 
AVho  having  oft  in  batteill  vanquiftied 

Thofe  fpoylefull  Pi6ts,  and  fwarming  Easter- 
lings, 
Long  time  in  peace  his  Realme  eftablifhed, 
Yet  oft  annoy d  with  fondry  bordragings 
Of  neighbour  Scots,  and  forrein  fcatterhngs 


LXII.  6.  Who7ne  Romane  uarrcs,  Sic]  lie  means  from 
the  firft  Invafion  by  Julius  Casiar.     Church. 

LXIII.  2.  llie  fpoijkfull  Fkls,  and  /warming  Enjlcrlings,} 
The  Pifis  came  originally  (as  Geoffry  of  Monmouth,  B.  iv. 
C.  xvii,  writes,)  from  Scythia,  and  fettled  in  the  north  part  of 
Britain;  where  likewife  the  Huns  fettled  under  their  leader 
Ilumber,  B.  ii.  C.  1.  The  Eajierlings,  or  OjterUnghers,  mean 
the  northern  nations  in  general.  As  to  the  famous  Pkts  Wall 
(the  niightij  mound)  here  mentioned,  the  reader  at  his  leifure 
may  confult  Geoflry  of  IMon.  B.  vi.  C.  1,  Bede,  Camden's 
Britannia,  and  Gordon's  Itinerarium  Septentrionale.  Compare 
F.  Q.  iv.  xi.  36.     Upton. 

LXIII.  4. bordragings]   Bordragingy 

as  Mr.  Upton  has  obferved,  is  an  incurfion  on  the  borders  or 
marches  of  a  country.  See  Spelman,  in  v.  Bordarii.  It  is 
perhaps  the  fame  word  in  the  poet's  Colin  Clout's  come  home 
again  : 

"   No  nightly  bodrags,  nor  no  hue  and  cries :" 
Bodrags,  intended  probably  for  Z/o/i/rao-.s.     Todd. 

LXIII.  5.      • — ^ "fcatterlings]     Scattered 

or  difprrfcd  rovers  or  raxagrrs.  Spenfer  ufes  the  word  in  his 
View  of  the  State  of  Ireland  :  "  Lofels  and  featterlings."  Again, 
*^  fcattcrlings  and  outlaws."     Upton. 

K  4 


1I5('>  THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  BOOK  II. 

AVilh   wliicli    the  world   did   in   thole  dayes 

abound :    - 
AA  hich  to  oLitbarre,  with  painefull  pyonings 
From  lea  to  lea  he  heapt  a  mighty  mound, 
AVhich  from  Alcluld  to  Panvveltdid  that  border 
bownd. 

LXIV. 

Three  fonnes  he  dying  left,  all  under  age ; 
By  meanes  whereof  their  unele  Vortlgere 
Ufurpt  the  crowne  during  their  pupillage; 
AMiich  th'  inlants  tutors  gathering  to  feare, 
Them  clolely  into  Armorick  did  beare  : 
For  dread  of  whom,  and  for  thofe  Pi6ls  an^ 
no}es, 


LXIII.  7. • pyonings]     Works 

of  pioneers:  military  works  railed  by  pioneers.      Upton. 

LXIV.  1.  T/trec  fonnes]  Conftance,  who  was  a  weak  prince, 
and  therefore  by  his  father  devoted  to  a  monaftery  ;  Ambrofe  ; 
and  L  tlicr.     Ciiuiicn. 

LXIV.  4-.     • gathering  to  feare,]     That  is, 

gathering  together,  carried  into  Armorica,  to-fere,  together. 

Upton. 

Gathering  to  fearc  is,  fearing  the  ufurpation  of  Vortigere. 
So,  r.  Q.  iv.  vii.  '2(}. 

"  and  gather  great  dehght." 

And,   \u  h\s  Muiopotnios  : 

"  ^Vhcreof  the  goddefs  gathering  jealous  fear ."    Church. 

LXIV.  .J.  Than  cloj'ely  into  Annoriek  did  liearc :]  Thefe 
three  fons  did  not  all  take  retuge  in  Armorica  :  for  Conftance, 
the  eldeft,  having  led  a  monaftick  life,  was  crowned  king  by 
Vortegrin  ;  and  afterwards  murdered  bv  his  contrivance.  The 
governours  of  the  two  remaining  brothers,  fearing  left  their 
uncle  Vortegrin  would  murder  them  in  like  manner,  fled  with 
them   into   Icfi'er  Britain.     Geoffry  of  ISIon.  li.  vi.     Upton. 

LXIV.  6.  For  dread  of  whom,]  Vortegrin,  now  king  of 
Britaiji,  for  dread  of  the  tv.o  furvivaig  fons  of  the  fccond  Con- 


CAXTO  X.  THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  137 

He  fent  to  Germany  flraunge  aid  to  reare ; 
From  whence   eftfoones  arrived  here  three 
hoyes 
Of  Saxons,  whom  he  for  his  fafety  imployes. 

LXV. 
Two  brethren  were  their  capitayns,  which  hight 
Hengift  and  Horfus,  well  approv'd  in  warre, 
And  both  of  them  men  of  renowmed  might ; 
Who  makina'  vantao'e  of  their  civile  iarre, 
And  of  thole   forreyners  which  came   from 

farre, 
Grew  great,  and  got  large  portions  of  land, 
That  in  the  Realme  ere  long   they  ftronger 

arre 
Then  they  which  fought  at  firft  their  helping 
hand, 
And  Vortiirer  enforft  the  Kinodome  to  aband. 


ftantine,  Aurelius  Ambrofius  and  Uther  Pendragon,  who  were 
fled  into  lefl'er  Britain  ;  and  likewile  for  dread  of  the  Picls ; 
called  the  Saxons  to  his  aililtance.  The  hiftorians  tell  us  that 
i'ome  Saxons  came  over  about  the  year  44^^,  in  three  fliips 
which  the  Engliih  call  Kei/ks,  "  tribus  ut  lingua  ejus  expri  - 
mitur  Ci/ii/is,  ut  noftrii  longis  navibus,"  Gildas,  C.  23.  Hengift 
and  Morfa  were  their  leaders.     Upton. 

LXIV.  7. Jtraimge  aid  to  irare  ;]    To  hire 

foreign  troops.     Church. 

LXV.  g.     enforft]     This   is   the   reading  of 

Spenfer's  fecond  edition,  to  wliich  all  editions  have  conformed 
except  that  of  Mr.  Church,  which  reads,  with  the  firft  edition, 
hnveforji.  JNIr.  Church,  however,  propofes  to  read  enforce,  as 
the  poet  fpeaks  here,  and  \n  the  beginning  of  the  next  ftanza, 
in  the  prefent  tenfe.  I  conlider  enforft  as  the  poet's  own  cor- 
rection.    Todd. 


138  THE  PAEUIE  QUEENE.     BOOK  II. 

LXVI. 

But,  by  the  helpe  of  \  ortimcrc  his  fonne, 
He  is  againe  unto  his  rule  reftord ; 
And  Ilengilt,  fceming  fad  for  that  was  donne, 
Received  is  to  grace  and  new  accord, 
Throu2;h  his  faire  dau";hters  face  and  flattring: 

word. 
Soone  after  which,  three  hundred  lords  he  flew 
Of  Britilh  blood,  all  fitting  at  his  bord ; 
AVhofe  dolefull  moniments  who  lift  to  rew, 

Th'  eternall  marks  of  tre.afon  may  at  Stonheng 

vew. 

LXVII. 
Bv  this  the  fonnes  of  Conftantine,  which  fled, 
Ambrofe  and  Uther,  did  ripe  yeares  attayne, 

LXVI.  1.     Ruf,  hy  the  helpc  of  Vortmere  his  fonne. 

He  is  againe  unto  his  rule  reftord ;]  Geoffry  of 
INIonmouth  tells  the  llory  with  ibme  little  difference,  B.  vi. 
C.  XV  :  That,  after  the  death  of  Vortimtr,  Vortegnn  was  re- 
ftored  to  the  kingdom  :  that  Ilengift,  the  Saxon,  returned  to 
Britain  with  a  vaft  army;  and,  making  a  fliew  of  peace,  trea- 
chcroufly  flew  460  of  the  Britilh  noblemen,  whom  he  invited 
to  a  feaft :  and  that  Stonehenge,  near  Salifbury,  was  fet  up  by 
the  magician  Mcrlm,  at  the  reqncft  of  king  Ambrofius,  as  a 
monument  of  this  mafl'acre.  See  Geoff,  of  JNIon.  B.  viii.  C.  ix, 
X,  &c.  and  Stowe,  p.  56.     Upton. 

LXVI.  5.  Through  his  /aire  daughter's  face  and  Jfattering 
•nurd.]  11  engirt  invited  V'ortiger  to  a  banquet,  and  introduced 
liis  fair  daughter  Roxena,  or  Ilowen  ;  who  came  in  with  a  cup 
of  wine  in  her  hand,  and  kneeling  down  laid  to  the  king,  (as 
flie  had  been  taught,)  "  Lafojibe  cynynT;  paj"pl,  i.  e.  Lord 
king  be  in  health  ;"  which  the  king  underftanding  by  the  in- 
terpreter, anfwered,  "  bpincheil,  i.  e.  drink  in  health."  'Tis  faid 
that  Vortiger  was  fo  taken  with  her  flattering  -word,  that  he 
married  her.  From  this  addrofs  of  Ilen^ilVs  daughter,  came 
the  original  of  the  walfelling  cup.     Uptox. 


CANTO   X.  THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  139 

And,  here  arriving,  ftrongly  challenged 
The  crowne  which  Vorliger  did  long  detayne  : 
AVho,  flying  from  his  guilt,    by  them  was 

flayne ; 
And  Hengift  eke  fbone  brought  to  fliamefull 

death. 
Thenceforth  Aurelius  peaceably  did  rayne, 
Till   that  through   poyfon    flopped   was  his 

breath ; 
So   now  entombed  lies    at  Stoneheng  by  the 

heath. 

LXVIII. 
After  him  Uther,  which  Pendragon  hight, 
Succeeding — There  abruptly  it  did  end, 

LX\'II.  6.  And  Ilengiji  eJcefoonc  brought  tofitamefull  death.] 
He  was  not  killed  in  battle  ;  but  cut  to  pieces  by  Kldol,  duke 
of  Gloucefter,  after  the  battle,     Geoff",  of  Mon.  B.  viii,  C.  vii. 

Uptox. 

LXVI  I.  8,  Till  that  through  poyfon  flopped -xas  his  breath ;  kc] 
Aurelius  was  poifoned  by  a  Saxon.  Geott.  of  INlon.  B.  viii.C.  xiv. 
And  was  buried  at  Stonehenge,  bi/  the  heath,  viz.  SaliOjury 
plain,  C.  xvi.     Upton. 

LXVIII.  1.     After  him  Uther,  xchich  Pendragon  hight. 

Succeeding  — ]  The  hiftory  breaks  oft',  being 
brought  down  to  the  times  of  Arthur,  the  hero  of  this  poem. 
Perhaps  it  will  be  requifite  ior  the  right  underftauding  of  the 
hiftorical  relations  in  this  Book,  to  confirier  the  Britilh  hiftory 
which  our  poet  treats  of,  in  three  periods  or  divifions;  the 
firft,  from  Brutus  to  the  extinction  of  his  line  ;  the  fecond  from 
the  end  of  Brutus'  progeny,  to  the  landing  of  Julius  C«far ; 
the  thud  from  tb.e  landing  of  Julius  Ca^far,  to  the  times  of 
prince  Arthur.  Having  mentioned  the  two  former  periods,  I 
(hall  here  confider  the  third. — Cailibelaune,  wdth  the  confent 
of  the  people,  held  the  reins  of  empire  when  Julius  Ca^far 
landed  :  after  Caffib,  •  mne,  Tenantius,  the  younger  fon  of  Lud, 
was  made  king  j  who  was  fucceeded  l)y  Kimbeline  or  Cymbe- 


140  THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  BOOK   H. 

AVithoiit  full  point,  or  other  cefure  right ; 
As  if  the  reft  fome  wicked  hand  did  rend. 
Or  th'  author  feU'e  could  not  at  leaft  attend 
To  fuiifli  it :  that  fo  untimely  breach 
I'he  Prince  himfelfe  halfe  feemed  to  offend  ; 
Yet  fecret  pleafure  did  offence  empeach^ 
And  wonder  of  antiquity  long  itopt  his  fpeach. 

line,  or  Cuiiobeliiie,  (for  thefe  proper  names  are  varioufly 
written,)  and  he  by  his  fons  Guidenus  and  Arviragus  ;  th(;n 
follow  Marius,  fon  of  Arviragus ;  Coyll,  Coel,  or  Coilus, 
fon  of  Marius;  Lucius,  the  lirU  Chriftian  king,  fon  of  Coyll, 
who,  dying  without  children,  left'  the  Roman  emperors  his 
heirs. — - — Severus,  emperor  of  Rome,  who  died  at  York : 
Bafiianus,  fou  of  Severus:  Caraufius,  a  Briton:  Aloftus, 
fent  by  the  Senate  of  Rome:  Afclepiodate,  or  Afclepiodorus, 
duke  of  Cornwall  :  Coyll,  or  Coilus  the  fecond :  Helena 
daughter  of  Coyll,  and  Conflantius  emperor  of  Rome  :  Con- 
ftantine,  fon  of  Conftantius  and  Helena,  who  united  Britain  to 
the  Roman  monarchy  :  Octavius,  duke  of  Cornwall  :  Maxi- 
mian,  kinfman  of  Conftantine  the  Great :  Gratian,  a  Briton  : 
Conftantine  of  Armorica,  or  Bretagne  in  France  :  Conftantius, 
fon  of  Conftantine :  \'ortiger,  who  called  in  the  Saxons ;  Vor- 
timer,  fon  of  \'ortiger  :  Vortiger  a  fecond  time  :  Aurelius  Am- 
brofius,  fecond  fon  of  Conftantine :  Uthcr  Pendragon,  third 
fon  of  Conftantine :  Arthur,  fon  of  Uther  Pendragon.— Thus 
at  one  view  the  reader  has  a  fuccellion  of  kings  taken  from 
GeoflVy  of  IMonmouth.  See  the  hirtory  continued,  F.  Q.  iii. 
iii.  26".     Upton. 

There  is  great  propriety  in  breaking  oft'  fo  abruptly  at  the 
mention  of  Uther  Pendragon  ;  as  he  was  the  father  of  Prince 
Arthur,  who  is  fuppofed  by  the  poet  to  have  been,  at  that  time, 
iL'noran't  of  his  parentage.     See  F.  Q.  i.  ix.  3.     Chuhcii. 

L.WHI.  7. feemed]     So  the  firft 

edition  reads,  which  Hughes's  fecond  edition,  the  editions  of 
1751,  Church,  and  Upton,  follow.  Spenfer's  fecond  edition 
reads' /fmcM,  to  which  the  folios,  Hughes's  firft  edition,  and 
Tonfo'n's  in  1738,  conform.     Todd. 

LXVHI.8. empeach,]   Hinder. 

Fr.  empcclur.  Some  editions  have  corrLt^.lly  printed  the  word 
iinpaic/t.     Todd. 


CANTO  X.     THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  Ul 

LXIX. 
At  laft,  quite  raviflit  with  delight  to  heare 
The  rojall  ofspring  of  his  native  land, 
Cryde   out ;    "  Deare    Countrej !     O  how 

dearely  deare 
Ought  thy    remembraunce   and    perpetuall 

band 
Be  to  thy  fofter  childe,  that  from  thy  hand 
Did  commun  breath  and  nouriture  receave  I 
How  brutifli  is  it  not  to  underftand 
How  much  to  Her  we  owe,  that  all  us  gave  ; 
That  gave  unto  us  all  whatever  good  we  have  V 

LXX. 
But  Guy  on  all  this  while  his  booke  did  read, 
Ne  yet  has  ended :  for  it  was  a  great 
And  ample  volume,  that  doth  far  excead 
My  leafure  fo  long  leaves  here  to  repeat : 
It  told  how  firft  Prometheus  did  create 
A  man,  of  many  parts  from  beafts  deryv^d, 
And  then  ftole  lire  from  heven  to  animate 
His  worke,  for  which  he  was  by  love  de- 
pryv'd 
Of  life  himfelfe,  and  hart-ftrings  of  an  aegle 
ryv'd. 


LXX,  8. for  which  he  was  by  love  depryvd 

Of  life  himfelfe,']     That  Jupiter  llew  Prometheus, 
is  a  fiftion  of  our  poet.     Jortin. 

Prometheus  was  deprived  by  Jove  of  life,  that  is,  of  all  the 
happinefs  of  life.  So,  in  Luke  xii.  15.  "  Life,"  (that  is,  the 
happiuefs  of  life,)  '*  confilieth  aot  in  abundance."    And  as  life 


14C  THE    l-AEUIE    QUEENE.  BOOK  II. 

LXXI. 

That  man  fo  made  he  called  Elfe,  to  vveet 
Quick,  the  firfl  author  of  all  Ellin  kynd ; 
^^  ho,  wand  ring  through  the  world  with  wearie 

feet. 
Did  in  the  gardins  of  Adonis  fynd 
A  goodly  creature,  whom  he  deemd  in  mynd 
To  be  no  eartlily  wight,  but  either  fpright, 
Or  angell,  th'  authour  of  all  woman  kynd  ; 
Therefore  a  Fay  he  her  according  hight, 

Of  whom  all  Farj^es  fpring,  and  fetch  their 
lignage  right. 

LXXII. 

Of  thefe  a  mighty  people  (hortly  grew, 

And    puifiant   kinges   which    all   the   world 

warrayd, 
And  to  themfelves  all  nations  did  fubdew  : 
The    ftrft   and    eldeft,    which    that   fcepter 

fwayd, 
Was  Elfin  ;  him  all  India  obayd, 
And  all  that  now  America  men  call : 


is  ufed  for  happincfs,  fo  death  is  ufed  for  torment.  Tlius  Speufer, 
fpeaking  of  Tantalus,  who  was  tormented  iu  hell,  F.  Q.  ii. 
vii.  60. 

"  And  eke  blafpheming  Heaven  bitterly, 
"  As  autlior  of  injuftice,  there  to  let  him  dye:" 
That  is,  to  be  in  mifery.     See  alfo  F.  Q.  i.  ix.  54.     Upton. 

LXXI.  1.  That  man  fo  made  he  called  Elfe,  (Sec,]  See  the 
explanation  of  Elfe  and  Eay,  and  of  the  poet's  narrative  in 
this  and  the  following  ftanzas,  in  the  preliminary  remarks  on 
Spenfer's  Imitations  from  old  Romances.     Todd. 


CANTO  X.     THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  143 

Next  him  was  noble  Elfinan,  who  laid 
Cleopolis  foundation  firft  of  all : 

But  Elfiline  enclofd  it  with  a  golden  wall. 

LXXIIL 

His  fonne  was  Elfinell,  who  overcame    • 
The  wicked  Gobbelines  in  bloody  field  : 
But  Elfant  was  of  mod  renowmed  fame. 
Who  all  of  chriftall  did  Panthea  build  : 
Then  Elfar,  who  two  brethren  gyauntes  kild, 
The  one  of  which  had  two  heades,  th'  other 

three : 
Then  Elfinor,  who  was  in  magick  fkild ; 
He  built  by  art  upon  the  glafily  fee 

A  bridsce  of  bras,  whofe  found  hevens  thunder 

feem'd  to  be. 

LXXIV. 
He  left  three  fonnes,  the  which  in  order  raynd, 
And  ail  their  ofspring,  in  their  dew  defcents  ; 
Even  feven   hundred  princes,  which  main- 

taynd 
With  mightie  deedes  their  fondry  govern- 
ments ; 
That  were  too  Ions  their  infinite  contents 
Here  to  record,  ne  much  materiall : 
Yet  ihould  they  be  molt  famous  moniments, 
And  brave  enfample,  both  of  martiall 
And  civil  rule,  to  kinges  and  ftates  imperiall. 

LXXIV.  7.     YetJJiovId  they  be  &c.]     That  is,  Yet  if  their 
hiuories  were  related,  they  would  be  ike.    Church. 


141  THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  BOOK  It. 

LXXV. 

After  all  tbefu  Elficleos  did  rayne, 
The  wile  EKicleos  in  great  maieltie, 
A\  lie  mightily  that  I'cepter  did  lliftayne, 
And  with  rich  Tpoyles  and  famous  victorie 
Did  high  adyaunce  the  crowne  of  Eacry: 
He  left  two  fonnes,  of  which  faire  Elferon, 
The  eldeit  brother,  did  untimely  dy  ; 
A\  hofe  emptie  place  the  mightie  O heron 

Doubly  Ibpplide,  in  fpoufall  and  domhiion. 

LXXVI. 

Great  was  his  power  and  glorie  over  all 

AA'hich,  him  before,  that  facred  feate  did  fill^ 
That  yet  remaines  his  wide  memoriall : 
lie  dying  left  the  faireft  Tanaquill, 
Him  to  Ibcceede  therein,  by  his  lail  will : 
Fairer  and  nobler  liveth  none  this  howrcj 
Ne  like  in  grace,  ne  like  in  learned  ikill ; 
Therefore  they  Glorian    call    that    glorious 
flowre : 

Long  niayft  thou,  Glorian,  live  in  glory  and 
great  powre  ! 

LXXVII. 

Beguyld  thus  with  delight  of  novelties. 
And  naturall  defire  of  Countryes  ftate. 
So  long  they  redd  in  thofe  antiquities, 
That  how  the  time  was  fled  they  quite  for- 

gate ; 
Till  gentle  Alma,  feeing  it  fo  late, 


CANTO  X.  THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  14.5 

Perforce  their  Itudies  broke,  and  them  be- 

fought 
To  thinke  how  fupper  did  them  long  awaite  : 
So  halfe  unwilhng  from  their  bookes  them 

brought, 
And  fajrely  feafted  as  fo  noble  Knightes  (he 

ought. 


VOL.  IV. 


146  THE  FAEraE  QUEENE.  BOOK  11, 


CANTO    XI. 

The  Eniniies  of  Temperaunce 

Bejiege  her  dzceilufg  place  ; 
Prince  Arthure  them  repelleS)  andfozcle 

Malegcr  doth  deface. 

I. 

WHAT  warre  fo  cruel,  or  what  fiege  fo  fore, 
As  that,  which  ftrong  AfFe6lions  doe  apply 
Againft  the  forte  of  Reafon  evermore, 
To  bring  the  fowle  into  captivity  ! 
Their  force  is  fiercer  through  infirmity 
Of  the  fraile  flelli,  relenting  to  their  rage ; 
And  exercife  mod  bitter  tyranny 
Upon  the  partes,  brought  into  their  bonddge : 

No  wretchedneffe  is  like  to  fmfull  vellenage. 

ir. 

But  in  a  body  which  doth  freely  yeeld 

I.  4.  Their  force  is  fiercer  &c.]  This  and  the  following 
impreflive  lines  are  probably  indebted  to  the  folemn  caution 
given  bj  St.  Paul,  Kom.  vi.  12.  "  Let  not  fin  therefore  reign 
in  your  mortal  body,  that  ye  fliould  obey  it  in  the  lulls 
thereof."  Compare  alfo  the  ipth  verfe  of  the  fame  chapter, 
and  the  23d  and  24th  verfes  of  the  next  chapter.     Todd. 

I.  .9. vellenage.]      Servitude, 

old  I"r.  any  bafe  or  fervile  tenure.  See  Cotgrave,  in  v.  Vil- 
lenage.  See  alfo  the  low  Latin  Villunns  and  Villenagiunif 
Gloff.  ad  Cragii  Jus  Feudale,  p.  24,  edit.  17l6.     TodD, 


CANTO  5it.  THE  I*A£lliE  QUtEJ^l!*  U7 

His  partes  to  Reafons  rule  obedient, 

And  letteth  Her  that  ought  the  fcepter  weeld, 

All  happy  peace  and  goodly  government 

Is  fetled  there  in  fure  eftablifhment. 

There  Alma,    like    a  Virgin   Queene   mo(t 

bright, 
l)oth  florifh  in  all  beautie  excellent ; 
And  to  her  gueftes  doth  bounteous  banket 
dight, 
Attempred  goodly  well  for  health  and  for  delight. 

III. 
Early,  before  the  Morne  with  cremofin  ray 
The  windowes  of  bright  heaven  opened  had. 
Through  which  into  the  world  the  dawning 

Day 
Might  looke,  that  maketh  every  creature  glad, 
Uprofe  Sir  Guy  on  in  bright  armour  clad, 
And  to  his  purpofd  iourney  him  prepared : 
With  him  the  Palmer  eke  in  habit  fad 
Himfelfe  add  reft  to  that  adventure  hard : 
So  to  the  rivers  fyde  they  both  together  far'd : 

IV. 
Where  them  awaited  read}^  at  the  ford 
The  Ferriman,  as  Alma  had  behight, 

II.  3.  And  letteth  Her  that  ought  the  fcepter  weeld,]  This  is 
philofophically  and  learnedly  exprefl'ed ;  recognifing  the  regal 
jurifdidion  and  rightful  power  of  reafon.  "  P\.ex  nofter  eft 
animus ;  hoc  incolumi,  cetera  manent  in  officio."  Seneca, 
Epijl.  1J4.  "  To  vyiiJi.oviy.oy,  regium  illud  et  principale."  Seneca 
de  Iruy  L.  i.  C.  3.     The  Stoicks  are  fond  of  this  expreflion. 

Uptok. 

l2 


148  THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  BOOK  II. 

AVith  his  well-rigged  bote :  They  goe  abord, 
And  he  eflfoones  gan  launch  his  barke  forth- 
right. 
Ere  long  they  rowed  were  quite  out  of  fight, 
And  fait  the  land  behynd  them  fled  away. 
But  let  them  pas,  whiles  winde  and  wether  right 
Doe  ferve  their  turnes:  here  I  awhile muft  ftay, 
To  fee  a  cruell  fight  doen  by  the  Prince  this  day. 

V. 

For,  all  fo  foone  as  Guyon  thence  was  gon 
Upon  his  voyage  with  his  truftie  Guyde, 
That  wicked  band  of  Villeins  frefli  begon 
That  Caftle  to  aflaile  on  every  fide, 
And  lay  Itrong  fiege  about  it  far  and  wyde. 
So  huge  and  infinite  their  numbers  were, 
'J'hat  all  the  land  they  under  them  did  hyde  > 
So  fowle  and  ugly,  that  exceeding  feare 

Their  vifages  impreft,   when   they  approched 

neare. 

VI. 
Them  in  twelve  Troupes  their  Captein  did  difpart. 
And  round  about  in  fitteft  fteades  did  place, 

V.  8.  Sofotole  and  iigli/,  Sec]  That  is,  Fear  lat  in  perfon 
on  their  countenances ;  lb  that  to  behold  their  foul  and  ugly 
vifages  would  caufe  fear  and  dread.  Fear  (in  Homer)  is  an 
attendant  on  Mars,  to  ftrike  terrour  on  his  beholders. 

Upton. 

VI.  1.  Them  in  twelve  Troupes  their  Captein  did  difpart,] 
Why  into  tvcelve  f — Seven  of  them,  i.  e.  the  feven  deadly  Sins, 
attacked  the  caftle  gate  :  the  other  five,  imaging  the  vices  that 
attack  thefenfes,  he  fet  againft  the  five  great  bulwarks  of  the 
caftle,    Upton. 


CANTO  XI.         THE   FAERIE  QUEENE.  149 

Where  each  might  beft  offend  his  proper  part, 

And  his  contrary  obie6t  moft  deface, 

As  every  one  feem'd  meeteft  in  that  cace. 

Seven  of  the  fame  againft  the  Caftle-Gate 

In  flrong  entrenchments  he  did  clofeiy  place. 

Which  with  inceffaunt  force  and  endlefle  hate 

They  battred  day  and  night,  and  entraunce  did 

aw  ate. 

VII. 

The  other  Five  five  fondry  wayes  he  fett 

Againft  the  five  great  Bulwarkes  of  that  pyle, 
And  unto  each  a  Bulwarke  did  arrett, 
T'  alTayle  with  open  force  or  hidden  guyle, 
Jn  hope  thereof  to  win  vi6lorious  fpoile. 
They  all  that  charge  did  fervently  apply 
With  greedie  malice  and  importune  toyle. 
And  planted  there  their  huge  artillery, 

With  which  they  dayly  made  mofl  dreadful! 

battery. 

VIII. 

The  firft  Troupe  was  a  monftrous  rablement 

VII.  3. arrett,]     Appoint,  or 

ajjign.     The  poet  often  ufes  the  word  in  this  fenfe.     See  the 
note  on  arrett,  F.  Q.  iii.  viii.  7.     Todd, 

VII.  6. apply]   Mind,  ohferre. 

See  Barret's  DiR.  1580,  in  v.  Applie.     "  To  applie  his  office." 
Again,  "  With  diligent  endeuour  to  applie  their  liudies." 

Todd. 

VIII.  1.  T/ie  firji  Troupe  was  &c.]  Such  is  Alcina's  crew, 
as  Mr.  Upton  has  obierved,  Arioft.  C.  vi.  Ol.  And  fuch  alfo 
is  Comus's  "  rout  of  nionlters,  headed  like  fundry  forts  of  wild 
bfiafts,  &c."  in  Milton's  moral  Malk,     Todd. 

l3 


1^0  THE  FAKRIE  QUflEXE.  BOOK   II. 

Of  fowle  mifshapen  wightes,  of  which  fome 

were 
Headed  hkc  owles,  with  heckes  uncomely  bent ; 
Others  hkedogs;  others  like  gryphons dreare; 
And  fome  had  wings,  and  fome  had  clawes 

to  tea re : 
And  every  one  of  them  had  lynces  eyes ; 
And  every  one  did  bow  and  arrowes  beare : 
All     thole     were    lawiefie    Lufles,    corrupt 
JLnvyes, 
And  covetous  Afpe6ls,  all  cruel  enimyes. 

IX. 

Thofe  fame  againfl  the  Bulw  arke  of  the  Sight 
Did  lay  ftrong  fiege  and  battailous  aflault, 
Ke  once  did  yield  it  refpitt  day  nor  night ; 
13ut  foone  as  Titan  gan  his  head  exault, 
And  foone  againe  as  he  his  light  withhault, 
Their  wicked  engins  they  againft  it  bent ; 
That  is,  each  thing  by  which  the  eyes  may 

fault : 
But  two  then  all  more  huge  and  violent, 
Beautie  and  j\Ioney,  they  that  Bulwarke  forely 

rent. 

VIII,  8.  All  thofe  -were  laukffe  Luj?es,]  See  I  Peter  ii.  11. 
*'  Flellily  lufts  which  war  againlt  the  I'oul,"  (Alma.)      Upton. 

IX.  7.  That  is,  each  thing  by  which  the  eyes  viay  fault :]  Their 
wicked  engines,  meaning  each  thing  by  which  the  eyes  may 
offend,  or  be  in  fault.     The  fubftantive  is  changed  into  a  verb. 

Upton-. 

IX.  9»     they  that  Bulwarke  forely  rent.]     This  is 

the  reading  of  Speufer's  edition,  and  is  plainly,  as  Mr.  Upton 


CANTO  XI.        THE    FAERIE    QUEENE.  151 

X. 

The  feconcl  Biilwarke  was  the  1 1  earing  Sence, 
Gairift  which  the  lecond  Troupe  deffignment 

makes ; 
Deformed  creatures,  in  ftraunge  difference : 
Some  having  heads  hke  harts,  ibme  hke  to 

fnakes. 
Some  Hke  wild  bores  late  rouzd  out  of  the 

brakes : 
Slaunderous  Reproches,  and  fowle  Infamies, 
Leafmges,  Backbytinges,  and  vain-glorious 

Crakes, 
Bad  Counfels,  Prayfes,  and  falfe  Flatteries : 
All   thofe    againft   that  Fort  did    bend    their 

batteries. 

XL 
Likewife  that  fame  third  Fort,  that  is  the  Smell, 
Of  that  third  Troupe  was  cruelly  affayd ; 
AVhofe  hideous  Ihapes  were  like  to  feendes  of 
hell,- 


obferves,  the  poet's  own  alteration.  The  firft  edition  reads, 
"  they  againji  that  Bulwarke  lent ;"  which  Mr.  Church  alone 
adopts,  and  explains  letit  hy  prejj'ed  hard.     Todd. 

X.  2. deffignment]     This  is  the 

reading  of  the  fecond  edition,  and  is  fpelt,  after  the  old  French, 
dejeignment.  The  folios,  Mr.  Church,  Mr.  Upton,  and  Tonfon's 
edition  of  1758,  admit  this  reading.  Hughes  has  modernifed 
it  into  defigjimeitt .  Spenfer's  firft  edition,  which  the  edition  of 
1751  follows,   reads  alignment.     Todd. 

X.  7. ^ Crakes,]     Boajimgs.     To 

crack,  is  ftill  ufed  in  the  North  of  England,  and  in  Scotland, 
for  to  brag  or  boaji.     See  alfo  F.  Q.  vii.  vii.  50. 

"  Then  is  flie  mortall  borne,  howfo  ye  crake."     Todd. 

l4 


152  THE   FAERIE  QUEENE.  BOOK   II. 

Some  like   to   houndes,  fome  like   to   apes, 

difmayd  ; 
Some,  like  to  puttockes,  all  in  plumes  arayd; 
All  Ihap't  according  their  conditions  : 

XI.  4. difmayd  ;]      Difmayed  is 

frig/iteiitd.     But  I  can  hardly  think  that  Spenler  ufes  it  here  in 
that  feni'e.      Pollibly  by  dijmayed  or  difniade  he  means  vgly,  ill 
jkaped,  in  French  maljait.     QuEere,  whether  it  ihould  be  viif. 
madef     Joutin. 

Our  poet  drelVes  out  thefe  hideous  phantoms  as  ugly  as  ima- 
gination can  form  them.  An  ape  is  an  ugly  likenefs  of  a  man  ; 
but  furely  a,  frig/ifcued  ape,  an  ape  dif>naid,  is  ftill  more  ugly.  A 
wild  boar  is  a  frightful  creature  ;  but  a  wild  boar,  roufed  from 
the  brake,  is  more  frightful.     See  ft.  ]0.    So,  in  F.  Q.  ii.  ix.  13. 

"  Sterne  was  their  look  like  wild  amazed  fteares." 
Take   away  the  comma  after  apes,  and  read  "  fome  like   to 
upcs  difmayd."     Uptox. 

As  difmayd  in  Spenfer's  own  editions  is  included  between 
two  commas,  and  there  is  only  a  comma  after  hell,  I  iliould 
fuppofe  it  does  not  agree  either  with  apes  or  huundes,  but  with 
feends  of  hell ;  and  that  "  Some  like  to  houndes,  fome  like  to 
apes,"  fhould  be  read  as  in  a  parenthefis :  and  then  the  eX' 
preffion  will  be  parallel  to  "  ghaftly  fpedacle  difmayd"  Y.  Q. 
iii.  iii.  50.     Difmayd,  i.  e.  vgly,  ill jliapcd.     Church. 

Mr.  Warton  has  collected  a  variety  of  inftances  to  fhew 
generally  that  Spenfer  often  prefixes  mis  to  words,  as  misfeigii- 
i/ig,  mifdiet,  he.  Sec. ;  but  particularly  alfo  to  juftify  Dr.  Jortin's 
very  happy  conje<^i:ure,  as  he  terms  it,  without  which  it  will  be 
difficult  to  make  fenfe  of  this  paHage.  Mr.  Warton  therefore 
approves  of  mifmade,  and  adds,  that  probably  Spenfer  fent  it 
to  the  prefs  mifmayd,  that  it  might  rhyme  more  exactly,  a  point 
in  v.hich  the  poet  was  very  exact  ;  but  the  compofitors  were 
better  acquainted  with  difmayd,  which  they  accordingly  adojjted. 
I  muft  confefs,  that  Mr.  Church's  explanation  of  this  paflage 
appears  to  me  judicious,  namely,  the  prefervation  of  the 
comma  after  apes,  the  application  of  difmayd  to  the  feends,  and 
the  parallel  ufage  of  difmayd.  I  may  alfo  add,  that  Spenfer 
often  prefixes  dis  as  well  as  Tnis  to  words  ;  however,  here  he 
feems  to  have  applied  it,  as  Milton  has  applied  it  to  the  word 
allied  in  his  .S'flw/y«,  ver.  1022.  "  Nor  both  fo  loofly  difallied 
their  nuptials,"  that  is,  mifallied,  badly  contracted.  So  difmayd 
may  mean  badly  made,  illfhapcd.     Todd. 


CANTO   XI.  THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  153 

For,  by  thofe  ugly  formes,  weren  pourtrayd 
Foolifli  Delights,  and  fond  Abufions, 

Which  doe  that  Sence  befiege  with  light  illufions. 

XII. 

And  that  fourth  Band  which  cruell  battry  bent 
Againft  the  fourth  Bulwarke,  that  is  theTafte, 
Was,  as  the  reft,  a  gryfie  rablement ; 
Somemouth'd  like  greedy  oyftriges;  fomefafte 
Like  loathly  toades  ;fome  faftiioned  in  the  wafte 
Like  fwine  :  for  fo  deformd  is  Luxury, 
Surfeat,  Mifdiet,  and  unthriftie  Wafte, 

-    Vaine  Feaftes,  and  ydle  Superfluity : 

All  thofe  this  Sences  Fort  aftayle  inceffantly. 

XIII. 

But  the  fift  Troupe,  moft  horrible  of  hew 
And  ferce  of  force,  is  dreadfull  to  report ; 


XII.  3. a  gryfie  rahkment ;]     Here  Mr. 

Upton,  with  an  air  of  triumph,  mentions  the  repeated  miftake, 
in  his  opinion,  of  griijie  or  grie/ie  for  griejly,  that  is,  hideous, 
iNIr.  Church  alfo  imagines  that  here  the  word  might  be  gryflie. 
But,  when  the  poet's  own  editions  preferve  gri/Jie,  I  think  we 
are  not  to  difcard  the  word  fo  haftily,  efpecially  as  it  appears 
to  have  been  not  unufual  iorjilthy  or  fqualid.  See  the  note  on 
griejlc  locks,  F.  Q.  i.  ix.  35.  And  Barret's  i)/r?.  1580,  No.  503. 
And  why  fliould  not  this  rabhweiit  be  charadenfed  by  an 
epithet  denoting  /r////,  as  well  as  by  an  epithet  denotnig  fright- 
fulncfs  ?  Are  not  toads  ixndj-wine  deferving  rather  of  the  former 
epithet  ?     Todd. 

XII.  4. fafi^e]     Faced,  having 

faces.     So,  in  F.  Q.  ii.  xii.  36. 

"  The  \\\fajle  owle."     Church. 

XIII.  2.     ' is  dreadfull  to  report  ;]      So  the 

firft  edition  reads,  to  which  Hi^hes's  lecoi^d  edition,  Mr. 
Church's,  and  Mr.  Upton's,  adhere.'  The  poet's  fecond  edition 
reads  v:as,  which  the  reft  follow.     But  the  firft,  as  Mr.  Upton 


154  THE    FAERIE    QUEENE.  BOOK  II. 

For  fonie  like  fnailes,  fome  did  like  fpyders 

fliew, 
And  fome  like  ugly  urchins  thick  and  fliort : 
Cruelly  they  afliiyled  that  Mt  Fort, 
Armed  with  dartes  of  fenfuall  Delight, 
AVith  ftinges  of  carnall  Luft,  and  ftrong  effort 
Of  feeling  Pleafures,  with  which  day  and 

night 
Againft  that  fame  fift  Bulwarke  they  continued 

fight. 

XIV. 
Thus  thefe  twelve  Troupes  with  dreadfull  pu- 
iffaunce 
Againft  that  Caftle  reftleffe  fiege  did  lay. 
And  evermore  their  hideous  ordinaunce 

lias  obferved,  feenis  to  be  the  true  reading :  "  Horrefco  re- 
ferens,"  Virg.  /E«.  ii.  204.  "  Res  horrenda  relatu,"  Ovid 
Met.  XV.  298.     Todd. 

XIII.  4. urchins]    Hedge-hogs,  which  make 

indeed  a  confiderable  figure  in  the  demonologick  I'yftem.  See 
i\Ir.  Warton's  note  on  "  urchin  blafts,"  Milton's  Comus,  ver. 
845.     Todd. 

XIII.  5.  Cruelly  they'\  So  the  poet's  own  editions  read. 
All  the  editions,  however,  have  inverted  the  pofition  of  thefe 
■words,  except  thofe  of  1751,  of  Upton,  and  Church. 

Todd. 

Ibid. aflayled]     The   firft  edition 

reads  ajai/ed,  which  yet  may  be  right.     See  ft.  14.     Church. 

All  the  editions  however  appear  to  have  preferred  the  read- 
ing of  the  fecond  edition,  affayled.     Todd. 

XIV.  3.     their  hideous  ordinaunce]   Chaucer, 

in  his  defcription  of  tlie  battle  of  Antony  and  Cleopatra,  men- 
tions guns,  Leg.  of  Cleop.  ver.  58.  Salvator  Rofa  has  placed 
a  cannon  at  the.  entrance  of  the  tent  of  Molofernes.  But  thefe 
examples  will  not  acquit  Spenfer.  Ariofto  was  fomewhat  more 
cautious  in  this  particular.     For  though  he  fuppofes  the  ufe 


CANTO   XI.         THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  155 

Upon  the  Bulwarkes  cruelly  did  play, 
That  now  it  gan  to  threaten  neare  decay : 
And  evermore  their  m  icked  Capitayn 
Provoked  them  the  breaches  to  aflay. 
Sometimes  with  threats,  Ibmetimes  with  hope 

of  gayn, 
Which  by  the  ranfack  of  that  Peece  they  (liould 

attavn. 


of  fire  arms,  on  a  certain  occafion,  in  the  age  of  Charlemagne, 
yet  he  prudently  fuggefts,  that  they  were  foon  afterwards 
aboliflied,  and  that  tlie  ufe  of  them  continued  unknown  for 
many  years.  He  attributes  the  revival,  no  lefs  than  the  in* 
vention,  of  thefe  infernal  engines  to  the  devil,  C.  xi.  22. 

T.  Warton. 

Their  ordinaunce  means  battering  engines ;  fuch  as  are  de- 
fcribed  in  Lipfms  :  thefe  he  calls  huge  artillery,  ft.  7.  Spenfer 
poetically  ufes  the  word  in  its  larger  fenfe :  "  Tormenta  inter 
ordines  militares  collocata :"  fo  called  from  ordinare,  being 
placed  in  rows.     We  now  confine  its  fignification  to  cannon. 

Upton. 

In  Barret's  DiH.  1580,  Ordinance  fignifies  generally  injiru- 
ments  of  war.  But  the  word  appears  to  have  been  particularly 
applied  to  cannon  in  Spenfer's  time.  Thus  Sir  I.  Harrington, 
hi  his  remarks  on  Ariofto's  guns  :  "  Virgil  hath  a  verfe  in  the 
fixt  ^neados,  which  myfelf  have  wondered  at  many  times,  to 
fee  how  plainely  it  exprefi'eth  the  qualitie  of  a  peece  of  Orde- 
nance : — Dum  flammas  Jovis  et  fonitus  imitatur  Olympi." 

Todd. 

XIV.  7. Capitayn]     See  the 

note  on  Capitaine,  l\  Q.  ii.  ix.  15.     Todd. 

XIV.  9- that  Peece]     Peece  is  often  ufed 

by  Spenfer  for  cajile.  See  F.  Q.  i.  x.  59,  iii.  x.  10,  v.  ii.  21. 
And  ISIr,  Upton,  in  his  Gloflary,  fays  it  is  fo  ufed  in  Neheiniak 
iii.  11.  "  Malchijah  repaired  the  Q\\\ev  piece."  But  the  word 
there  feems  adopted  to  denote  merely  a  part  or  piece  of  the 
work,  the  fccond  meajiire,  as  the  marginal  reading  from  the 
Hebrew  is  rendered.  See  alio  Synopjis  Crit.  p.  943.  "  Partem 
vel  portionem  muri  alteram,  Ike."  Peece  for  caftle  may  perhaps 
have  been  adopted  from  the  Ital.  piazza,  which  is  f(jmetimes 


156  THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  BOOK  IT. 

XV. 

On  th'  other  fyde,  th'  aflieged  Caflles  Ward 
Their  ftedfall  ftonds  did  mif^htily  maintaine, 
i\nd  many  bold  repolfe  and  many  hard 
Atchievcment  wrought,  with  perill  and  witli 

payne, 
That  goodly  Frame  from  ruine  to  fuftaine : 
And  thole  two  brethren  Gyauntes  did  defend 
The  walles  fo  ftoutly  with  their  iturdie  mayne, 
That  never  entraunce  any  durft  pretend, 

But  they  to  direfull  death  their  groning  ghofts 

did  fend. 

XVI. 
Tlie  noble  virgin,  Ladie  of  the  place, 

Was  much  difmayed  with  that  dreadful  fight, 

(For  never  was  flie  in  fo  evill  cace,) 

Till  that  the  Prince,  feeing  her  wofull  plight, 

ufed  for  a  fortified  place.  See  Delia  Crufca.  The  Spanifli  have 
pie^a  for  a  room.  See  Steevens's  Span.  Did.  See  alfo  Teforo 
de  las  tres  Lenguas,  fol.  Genev.  1671.  p.  430.  "  Fie^a,  vne 
fale  ou  chambre  d'vn  logis,  qui  fe  dit  in  terme  de  guerre 
aufTi  vne  piece."  Spenfer's  word  has  been  diicarded  by  Hughes 
in  his  fecond  edition,  and  by  Tonfon's  editor  in  17  58;  and 
they  have  fubltituted /)/ace.     Todd. 

XV.  1. Ward]     The  guards, 

or  garrifon.      He  ufes  the  word  alfo  in  his  View  of  the  iState  oj- 
Ireland.     So,  in  G.  Douglas's  Virgil,  edit.  fol.  17)0,  p.  430. 
"  Afibun  this  wyfe  the  oijlis  and  wakdis  hale 
"  On  athir  part  returnyt  in  batale."     Todd. 

XV.  6.     thofe  two  brethren  Gyauntes]    Prince 

Arthur,  and  his  Squire  Tiniias :  giants  in  prowefs  and  in 
courage.     Upton. 

XVT.  1.. the  place,]     The  folios 

and  Hughes  corruptly  read  "  that  place :"  All  the  reft,  the. 

Todd. 


CANTO  XI.  THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  167 

Gan  her  recomfort  from  fo  fad  affright, 
Offrins:  his  fervice  and  his  deareft  hfe 
For  her  defence  againft  that  Carle  to  fight, 
Which  was  their  Chiefe  and  th'  authour  of 

that  ft  rife : 
She  him  remercied  as  the  patrone  of  her  hfe. 

XVII. 

Eftfoones  himfelfe  in  ghtterand  amies  he  dight, 
And  his  weU  proved  weapons  to  him  hent ; 
So  taking  courteous  conge,  he  behight 
Thofe   gates   to   be  unbar'd,    and   forth   he 

went. 
Fayre  mote  he  thee,  the  proweft  and  moft 

gent, 
That  ever  brandifhed  bright  fteele  on  hye  ! 
Whom  foone  as  that  unruly  rablement 


XVI.  9.     remercied]     Thanked.  Fr.     Church. 

XVII.  3. behight]    Conunaiided, 

See  the  note  on  hight,  F.  Q.  i.  iv.  6.     Todd. 

XVII.  5.  Fayre  mote  he  thee,]  Thrive,  profper.  See  the 
note  on  F.  Q.  ii.  i.  33.     Upton. 

Ibid.  ■ gent,]  Gent  is  a  fre- 
quent epithet,  in  the  old  romances,  as  applied  to  ladies.  See 
the  note  on  "  Lady  gent,"  F.  Q.  i,  ix.  27.  So,  in  the  French 
Cronicque  du  petit  Saintre,  4to.  bl.  1.  f.  d.  at  the  end  of  which 
Floridan  is  added,  folio  ii.  "  Comment  meflire  Floridan  & 
la  gente  pucelle  EUinde  furent  amoureu::  lung  de  lautre." 
Chaucer's  Sir  Thopas  is  diftinguiflied,  however,  by  this  epithet, 
Rime  of  Sir  Thopas y  ver.  3. 

**■  Al  of  a  knight  was  faire  and  gent 
"  In  bataille  and  in  turnament — "  • 
Where  gent  is  probably  ufed  for  courteous,  or  free.    This  ad- 
jeftive  is  alfo  ufed  for  iioble,  and  in  this  fenfe  appears  to  have 
been  originally  a  Proven^-al  word.     See  Delia  Crufca,  Gente, 
<j  entile,  nobile,  graziofo,  venuta  dal  Provenzale.     To-dd. 


15S  THE    FAERIE    QUEENE.  BOOK  II. 

With  his  gay  Sqiijre  ilTewing  did  cfpye, 
They  reard  a  moft  outrageous  dreadful!  yelUiig 
cry: 

XVIII. 
And  therewithal!  attonce  at  him  let  fly 

Their  fluttring  arrovves,  thicl^e  as  flakes  of 

fnow, 
And  round  ahout  him  flocl^e  impetuoufly, 
Like  a  great  water-flood,  that  tombling  low 
From  the  high  mountaines,  tlireates  to  over- 
flow 
AVitli  fuddein  fury  all  the  fertile  playne. 
And  the  fad  hulhandmans  long  hope  doth 

throw 
Adowne  the  ftreame,  and  all  his  vowes  make 
vayne ; 
Nor  bounds  nor  banks  his  headlong  ruine  may 
fuftayne. 


XVIII.  1.  In  this  ftanza  are  two  comparifons ;  both  of 
which  frequently  occur  in  the  poets  :  The  fird  of  flights  of 
arrows  to  flakes  of  fnow,  as  in  Horn.  //.  f/.'.  156,  278,  and 
Virg.  jEn.  xi.  6 10.  The  fecond,  of  a  great  water-flood  burfting 
its  bounds,  compared  to  thefe  impetuous  troops,  is  Hkewife 
frequently  to  be  met  with  in  Homer.  See  Iliad,  ^'.  452,  //.  L 
87,  //.  ^'.  492,  and  Virg,  yEn.  ii.  305,  496,  xii.  523,  and  Ovid, 
Faji.  ii.  219;  Sil.  Ital.  iv.  522,  xvii.  122;  Arioft.o,  C.  xxxix. 
J 4,  xl.  31  :  Taflb,  C.  i.  75,  ix.  4-6.     Upton. 

X^''III.  7.     -^"d  the  fad  hujbandnians  long  hope  doth  throw 
Adowne  thejlreame,  &c.]     Ovid,  Met.  i.  272. 
'*  Sternuntur  fegetes,  et  deplorata  coloni 
"  Vota  jacent :  longique  perit  labor  irritus  anni." 
And  Virgil,  Georg.  i.  224. 

"  anni  fpem  credere  terrae."    Joutiv. 


CANtO  XI.         THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  169 

XIX. 

upon  his  (liield  their  heaped  hayle  he  bore, 
And  with  his  fword  difperfl  the  rafkall  flockes, 
Which  fled  afonder,  and  him  fell  before ; 
As  withered   leaves  drop  from   their  drjed 

ftockes, 
When  the  wroth  weftern  wind  does  reave  their 

locks : 
And  underneath  him  his  courageous "fteed. 
The  fierce  Spumador,  trode  them  downe  like 

docks ; 
The  fierce  Spumador  borne  of  heavenly  feed  ; 
Such  as  Laomedon  of  Phoebus  race  did  breed. 

XX. 
Which  fuddeine  horrour  and  confufed  crj 
When  as  their  Capteine  heard,  in  hafte  he 

yode 
The  caufe  to  weet,  and  fault  to  remedy : 


XIX.  8.  Tke^erce  Spumador  borne  of  heavenli/ feed  ;]  Heroes 
of  old  gave  names  to  their  horfes ;  as  Anon,  C^'llarus,  Xan- 
thus,  &c.  So  Heroes  in  romance  call  their  horfes  by  parti- 
cular names,  Bayardo,  Frontin,  Brigliadore.  Hence  (by  way 
of  ingenious  irony)  you  find  in  Don  Quixote  how  follicitous 
he  was  to  find  a  proper  name  for  his  horfe,  which  at  length  he 
calls  Rofinante.  The  Prince's  horfe  Spumador,  feems  to  have 
received  his  name  from  his  froth  and  foam,  fiiewing  his  fiery 
nature.     See  Virg.  ^n.  vi.  881, 

"  Seufpwnantis  equi  foderet  calcaribus  armos  :" 
The  fierce  Spumador  born  of  heavenly  feed,   "  Semine  ab 
letherio,"  JE71.  viii.  281.     Upton. 

XIX.  9.  Suck  as  Laomedon  &c.]  Jupiter  gave  immortal 
horfes  to  Tros,  which  were  afterwards  poflefl'ed  by  Laomedon. 

JORTIN.    * 


160  THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  BOOK  II, 

Upon  a  tygre  fwift  and  fierce  he  rode, 
That  as  the  winde  ran  underneath  his  lode, 
AVhiles  his  Jong  legs  nigh  raught  unto  the 

ground  : 
Full   large.he  vva^  of  limbe,  and   flioulders 

brodei    ri  '"       "      ; 
But  of  fuch/fubtile  fubftance  and  unfound, 

Tlrat  like  a  ghoft  he  feem'd  whofe  grave-clothes 
were  unbound : 

And  in  his  hand  a  bended  bow  was  feene, 
i\nd  niany  arrowes  under  hi^/ight  fide, 
All  deadly  daungerous,  all  cruell  keene, 
Headed  \Aith  flint,  and  fethers  bloody  dide ; 
Such  as  the  Indians  in  their  quivers  hide  i 
Thpfe  could,  he  well  dire6l^nd  (treight  as  line, 
And  bid  them  ftrike  the  marke  which  he  had 
eyde;  .    ,  .    '.^  1.;^;  .     _ 

Ne  w  as  there  falve,  ne  was  there  medicine. 

That  mote  recure  their  wounds ;  fo  inly  they 
■'•   did  tine. 

As  pale  and, wan  as  alhes  was  his  looke ; 
Plis  body  leane  and  meagre  as  a  rake ; 

X^I.  8.  In  the  poet's  own  editions  there  is  printed  their  in 
this  line  ;  an  oVerfiglit  which  the  folio  of  1609  correded,  and 
to  which  fucceeding  editions,  except  that  of  1751,  have  at- 
tended.    Todd.  ■;■  '^      ■   .\~''^-  ;      ; 

XXI.  9. -i- tine.]     Inflane^   rage, 


Ando-Sax,  tfenban,  accendere.     Upton. 


CANTO  XI.  THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  l6l 

And  fkin  all  withered  like  a  dryed  rooke ; 

Thereto  as  cold  and  drery  as  a  fnake ; 

That  feemd  to  tremble  evermore  and  quake  : 

All  in  a  canvas  thin  he  was  bedight, 

And  girded  with  a  belt  of  twifted  brake : 

Upon  his  head  he  wore  an  helmet  light, 

Made  of*  a  dead  mans  ikull,  that  feemd  a  ghaftly 

fight : 

xxiir. 

Maleger  was  his  name  :  And  after  him 

There  follow'd  faft  at  hand  two  wicked  Hags, 

.    With  hoary  lockes  all  looi'e,  and  vifage  grim  ; 
Their  feet  unihod,  their  bodies  wrapt  in  rags, 
And  both  as  fwift  on  foot  as  chafed  ftags ; 
And  yet  the  one  her  other  legge  had  lame, 
Which  with  a  ftafte  all  full  of  litle  fnags 
She  did  fupport,  and  Impotence  her  name : 

But  th'  other  was  Impatience  armd  with  raging 

flame. 

XXIV. 

Soone  as  the  Carle  from  far  the  Prince  efpyde 

Gliftring  in  armes  and  warlike  ornament. 

His  bealt  he  felly  prickt  on  either  fyde, 

And  his  mifchievous  bow  full  readie  bent, 

XXIII.  6.  Atid  yet  the  one  her  other  legge  had  lame,']  That 
is,  her  left  leg :  literally  from  Homer,  11.  $'.  217.  x«^?  erepo* 
vso^ct.     See  the  note  on  F.  Q.  ii.  iv.  4.     Upton. 

XXIII.  8.     fupport,]     So  the  firft  edition  reads,  to 

which   thofe  of  1751,  of  Upton,  and  Church,  adhere.     The 
reading  of  the  fecond,  is  difport,  which   feems  hardly  intelU-^ 
gible,  yet  is  admitted  mto  all  other  editions.     Tuuit. 

VOL.  IV.  M 


16c  THE   tAEUlE  QUEKNE.  BOOK  II.- 

\\'lth  Mhich  at  him  a  criiell  fliait  he  fentV* 
But  lie  was  warie,  and  it  wardc^d  well 
-Upon  his  Ihield,  that  it  no  further  went, 
But  to  the  ground  the.  idle  quarrell  tell : 
Then  he  another  and  another  did  expell. 

XXV. 

AVhich  to  prevent,  the  Prince  his  mortall  fpeare 
Soone  to  him  raught,  and  fierce  at  him  did 

ride, 
To  be  avcnsied  of  that  fliot  whvleare :' 
But  he  was  not  fo  hardy  to  abide 
That  bitter  ftownd,  but,  turning  quicke  afide 
PI  is  light-foot  bealt,  fled  fail  away  for  feare : 
Whom  to  pourfue,  the  Infant  after  hide 
So  faft  as  his  good  courfer  could  him  beare ; 

But  labour  loft  it  was  to  weene  approch  him 

neare. 

XXVI.  iiju. 

Far  as  the  winged  wind  his  tigre  fled,  a 

That  vew  of  eye  could  fcarfe  him  overtake, 

Ne  fcarfe  his  feet  on  ground  were  feene  to 

tred ; 

Through  hils  and  dales  he  fpeedy  way  did 

make, 

Ne  hedge  ne  ditch  his  readie  paflage  brake. 

And  in  his  flight  the  Villeine  turn'd  his  face 

XXIV.  8. quarrell]     ¥r.  Carreau, 

or  Qi/arreau,  a  fliort  thick  fquare  dart  lliot  out  of  crofs-bows. 
Gloft'.  IJrr.  Cliaucer.     See  alio  Chaucer,  p.  227,  edit.  Urr. 
*•  And  ground  quardis  fliarpe  of  fteele."     Church. 


CA^NTO  XI.         THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  l63 

(As  wonts  the  Tartar  by  the  Cafplan  lake,. 
Whenas  the  Ruffian  him  in  fight  does  chace,) 
Unto  his  tygres  taile,  and  {hot  at  him  apace. 

XXVII. 

Apace  he  (hot,  and  yet  he  fled  apace, 

Still  as  the  greedy  Knight  nigh  to  him  drew; 
And  oftentimes  he  would  relent  his  pace, 
That  him  his  foe  more  fiercely  fhould  pourfew : 
But,  when  his  uncouth  manner  he  did  vew, 
He  gan  avize  to  follow  him  no  more. 
But  keepe  his  Handing,  and  his  fliaftes  efchew, 
Untill  he  quite  had  Ipent  his  perlous  ftore, 

And  then  aflayle  him  freili,  ere  he  could  fliift 
for  more. 

XXVIII. 

But  that  lame  Hag,  ftill  as  abroad  he  flrew^ 
His  wicked  arrowes,  gathered  them  againe, 
And  to  him  brought,  freih  batteill  to  renew ; 
Which  he  efpying  caft  her  to  reftraine 
From  yielding  fuccour  to  that  curfed  Swaine, 

XXVI.  7.  As  wonts  the  Tartar  Sec]  The  fudden  attack  of 
the  Parthians,  and  their  fudden  flight ;  and,  when  flying,  their 
facing  and  fliooting  at  their  purfuers  ;  are  fads  too  well  known 
to  want  any  citations  to  prove.  But  Spenfer  choofes  at  pre- 
fent  not  to  go  far  back  ;  but  takes  his  fimile  from  the  modern 
ftories,  told  m  his  time  by  travellers  into  Rullia,  of  the  Tartars 
thus  fighting  with  the  Rulfians,     Upton. 

XXVIII.  1.  But  that  lame  Hag,]  Impotence;  weaknefs  or 
want  of  power ;  "  animi  impotentia,  ^  temperantia  et  mode- 
ratione  plurimiim  diflidens."  Cic.  Tvf.  Qucpjl.  iv.  It  fignifies 
outrageoufnefs,  ungovernablenefs.  Why  does  Spenfer  make 
her  lame  of  one  foot  ?  perhaps  from  her  want  of  power  to  fup- 
port  and  carry  herfelf.     Upton. 

M  2 


\6i  THE    FAERIE    QUEENE.  BOOK  II. 

And  her  attaching  thought  her  hands  to  tye; 
But,  foone  as  him  dismounted  on  the  plaine 
That  other  Hag  did  far  away  efpye 
Binding  her  Sifter,  (he  to  him  ran  haftily ; 

XXIX. 

And  catching  hold  of  him,  as  downe  he  lent, 
Him  backeward  overthrew,  and  downe  him 

ftayd 
With  their  rude  handes  and  gryefly  graple- 

ment ; 
Till  that  the  Villein,  comming  to  their  ayd, 
Upon  him  fell,  and  lode  upon  him  layd : 
Full  litle  wanted,  but  he  had  him  flaine, 
And  of  the  battell  balefuU  end  had  made. 
Had  not  his  gentle  Squire  beheld  his  paine. 

And  commen  to  his  refkew  ere  his  bitter  bane. 

XXX. 

So  greateft  and  mod  glorious  thing  on  ground 
May  often  need  the  helpe  of  weaker  hand  ; 
So  feeble  is  mans  ftate,  and  life  unfound. 
That  in  aiTuraunce  it  may  never  (land. 
Till  it  diflblved  be  from  earthly  band ! 


XXIX.  3.     inth  their  rude  Jtandes  and  gryejly  graplement  ; 

Till  that  the  Villein,  comming  to  their  ai/d,]  As 
it  was  Impatience  who  threw  the  Prince  down,  I  think  it  Ihould 
be  "  W^ith  Aer  rude  haudes,"  and  "  to  her  ayd."  But  fee  a 
like  change  of  the  number,  F.  Q.  v.  xii.  42.     Church. 

XXIX.  6.  Full  litle  wanted,  but  he  had  him  Jlaine,]  Inftead 
of  ke,  perhaps  it  was  written  thei/,  viz.  Maleger  with  the  two 
hags.     Upton. 


CANTO  Xr.    THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  1^5 

Proofe  be  thou,  Prince,  the  proweft  man  alyve. 
And  noble  ft  borne  of  all  in  Briton  land ; 
Yet  thee  fierce  Fortune  did  fo  nearely  drive, 
That,  had  not  Grace  thee  bleft,  thou  fhouldeft 

not  furvive. 

X|XXL 
The  Squyre  arriving,  fiercely  in  his  armes 
Snatcht  firft  the  one,  and  then  the  other  Jade, 
His  chiefeft  letts  and  authors  of  his  harmes. 
And  them  perforce  withheld  with  threatned 

blade, 
Leaft  that  his  Lord  they  Ihould  behinde  in- 
vade; 
The  whiles  the  Prince,  prickt  with  reprochful 

fhame. 
As  one  awakte  out  of  long  flombring  fhade, 
Revivyng  thought  of  glory  and  of  fame, 
United  all  his  powres  to  purge  himfelfe  from 

blame. 

XXXII. 
Like  as  a  fire,  the  which  in  hollow  cave 

Hath  long  bene  underkept  and  down  fupprell, 

XXX.  7.     in  Bnton  latid ;]     So  the  fecond 

edition  reads,  to  which  all  others  conform,  except  thofe  of 
1751  and  Mr.  Upton,  which  have  attended  to  the  Errata  of 
Spenfer's  firlt  edition,  wherein  Brifurn,  here  mifprinted,  is  cor- 
refted  Britayne.  But  Briton  feems  to  be  the  poet's  choice  on 
fecond  thoughts.  And  thus  in  ft.  33.  "  The  Briton  Prince." 
See  alfo  C.  ix.  ft.  59.  *'  Briton  Moniments."     Todd. 

XXX.  p. furvive.']     So  correded  fmm 

the  Errata  by  the  editions  of  1751,  of  Tonfon's   in  1758,  of 
Upton,  and  Church.     The  reft  read  rmie.     Todd. 


M   3 


16(5  THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  BOOK  IF. 

A\  illi  murniiirous  difdayno  doth  Inly  rave, 

And  grudge,  in  lb  Itrcight  prilbn  to  be  preft, 

At  lalt  breakes  forth  M'ith  i'urious  unreft, 

And  Ih'ives  to  mount  unto  his  native  feat; 

Ail  that  did  earll  it  hinder  and  nioleft, 

Yt  now  devoures  with  flames  and  fcorchins: 

heat, 

And  carries  into  fmoake  with  rage  and  horror 

great. 

XXXIII. 

So  mightely  the  Briton  Prince  him  rouzd 

Out  of  his  holde,  and  broke  his  caytive  bands : 

And  as  a  beare,  whom  angry  curres  have 

touzd. 
Having  off-Hiakt  them  and  efcapt  their  hands, 
Becomes  more  fell,  and  all   that  him  with- 

11a  nds 
Treads  down  and  overthrowes.     Now  had 

the  Carle 

XXXII.  5. u-ith  furious   unreft,]     The  firft 

edition,  and  Hughes's  fecond  edition,  read  infejl.  Either  injejt 
is  ufed  as  a  fiibltantive  for  annoyance,  or  here  are  two  adjectives 
and  no  fubftantive  to  agree  witli  them.  I  am  inclined  to  think 
Spenfer  gave  "  w  ith  furious  blajl  infeft  ;"  fee  F.  Q.  iv.  ix.  lo  : 
or,  "  with  furious  force,  infeft  ;"  fee  F.  Q.  vi.  iv.  5.  Either 
nionofyllable  might  elcape  the  printer's  eye.  1  he  fecond  edi- 
tion, and  all  the  reft,  read,  "  with  furious  W7/re/? ;"  but  I  cannot 
believe  it  to  be  an  alteration  of  Spenfer's,  notwithftanding 
■unrcji  is  a  word  of  his  own,  ufed  elfewhere.     Church. 

Mr.  Upton,  and  Tonfon's  edition  of  17o8,  read  "  with  furious 
vnrrft ;"  and  1  am  inclined  to  think  it  is  the  genuine  reading; 
for  the  poet  fajs  elfewhere,  making  ufe  of  fimilar  imagery, 

• "'Wife  beheft 

"  Thofe  creey'iug fames  by  reafon  to  fubdew, 

"  Before  their  ra^e  grew  to  fo  great  unrcJl."     Todd. 


CANTO  XI.         THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  1^7 

Alighted  from  his  tigre,  and  his  hands 
Difcharged  of  his  bow  and  deadly  quar'Ie, 
To  feize  upon  his  foe  flatt  lying  on  the  raarle. 

XXXIV. 
'Which  now  him  turnd  to  difavantao;e  deare  : 
For  neither  can  he  fly,  nor  other  harme, 
But  truft  unto  his  ftrength  and   manhood 

meare, 
Sith  now  he  is  far  from  his  monftrous  fwarme, 
And  of  his  weapons  did  himfelfe  difarme. 
The  Knight,  yet  wrothfuU  for  his  late  dif- 

grace, 
Fiercely  advaunft  his  valorous  right  arme. 
And  him  fo  fore  fmott  with  his  yron  mace. 
That  groveling  to  the  ground  he  fell,  and  iild 
his  place.  ' 

XXXV. 
Wei  weened  hee  that  field  was  then  his  owne. 
And  all  his  labor  brought  to  happy  end  ; 
When  fuddein  up  the  Villeine  overthrowne 
Out  of  his  fwowne  arofe,  frefh  to  contend, 
And  san  himfelfe  to  fecond  battaill  bend. 


to^ 


XXXIII.  8.  ■ quar'le,]  Qi/arrc//,  as  be- 
fore, in  ft.  24.     Church. 

XXXIV.  2.  For  neither  van  hejii/,  nor  other  harme,]  That 
is,  otherwije.  Nor  can  he  in  any  other  refpeft  harm  him  ;  but 
truft  he  mnft  unto  his  own  Itrenglh,  &:c.     Upton. 

XXXIV.  9. and  Jild  /lis  piace.]     That 

is,  and  he  filled  or  covered  the  place  on  which  he  lay  with  his 
body.     Uptox. 

M  4 


16S  THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  BOOK  11. 

As  hurt  he  had  not  beene.    Thereby  there  lay 
An  huge  great  (lone,  which  Hood  upon  one 

end, 
And  had  not  bene  removed  many  a  day ; 

Some  land-marke  feemd  to    bee,  or  iigne   of 
fundry  way: 

XXXVI. 

The  fame  he  fnatcht,  and  with  exceeding  fway 
Threw  at  his  foe,  who  was  right  well  aware 
To  {honne  the  engin  of  his  meant  decay  ; 
It  booted  not  to  thinke  that  throw  to  beare. 
But  grownd  he  gave,  and  lightly  lept  areare ; 
Eft  fierce  retourning,  as  a  faulcon  fayre, 
That  once  hath  failed  of  herfoufe  full  neare, 
Remounts  againe  into  the  open  ayre. 

And  unto  better  fortune  doth  herfelfe  prepayre ; 

XXXVII. 

So  brave  retourning,  with  his  brq-ndiftit  blade, 


XXXV.  6.     ^. — . Tfiercby  there  lay 

An  huge  great /tone,  hc.^      ^'ifg.  JEJ«.  xii.  %^G. 

— -^  "  Saxuni  circunifpicit  ingens, 

"  Saxum  antiquum,  ingeiis,  canipo  quod  forte  jacebat, 
"  Limes  agro  pofitus,  litem  ut  dilcerneret  arvis.-— 
*'  Ille  manu  raptum  trepida  torquebat  in  iioftem."    Jort-ix. 
Among  other  iiiftances  of  the  extraordinary  ftrength  exerted 
by  ancient  heroes  in  lifting  huge  ftones,   as  defcribed  by  the 
ancient  poets,  1 'think  the  pa/Tage  in  ApoUonius,  where  Jafon 
crudifes  the  growing  warriours  with  a  prodigious  stone,  has  never 
been  alleged  by  the  comnientators.     See  Argon,  iv.  1364,  ivc. 
But  Jafon  was  affifted  in  his  miraculous  effort  by  the  enchant' 
ments  of  Medea.     T.  Wartox. 

XXX  VI.  1.    The  fame  }^tfmtchty'].    That  is,  ^/«e  Co^e  fnatcht 
thejoue,  &c.     Ciiuec«.  ^ 


CANTO  XI.        THE  FAERIE  ^UEENE.  1^9 

He  to  the  Carle  himfelfe  agayn  add  reft, 
And  ftrooke  at  him  fo  fternely,  that  he  made 
An  open  paffage  through  his  riven  breft. 
That  halfe  the  fteele  behind  his  backe  did  reft; 
Which  drawing  backe,  he  looked  evermore 
When  the  hart  blood  ihould  gufti  out  of  his 

cheft,  :       U'- 

Or  his  dead  corfe  ftiould  fall  upon  the  flore; 

But  his  dead  corfe  upon  the  flore  fell  natheniore : 

-   x^cxvui.-^  y  -■•  ^anoni  cl' 

Ne  drop  of  blood  appeared  ibed  to  -bee,:.d  jI 

All  were  the  wownd  fo  wide  and  wonderous 

That  through  his  carcas  one  might  playnly  fee. 

i  Halfe  in  amaze  with  horror  hideous, 

And  halfe  in  rage  to  be  deluded  thus, 

Again  through  both  the  fides  he  ftrooke  him 

quight. 

That  made  his  fp right  to  grone  full  piteous  ; 

Yet  nathemore  forth  fled  his  groning  fpright, 

But  freflily,  as  at  firft,j>repardbimferfe  to  fight. 

XXXIX.  

Thereat  he  fmitten  was  with  great  affright, 

And  trembling  terror  did  his  bart  apall ; 

XXXVUl.  8.  Yet  nathemore ::kc.']  The  difficutty,  which 
Prince  Arthur  finds  in  liilliiig  Maleger,  feems -to  1j6 -copied  from 
the  encounter  of  Griffin  and  Aquilaril  "wklrOrillo,  who,  Tike 
Maleger,  receives-nbinjury  from  all  the  ^^'ouhds  that  are  given 
him  :  And  the  circumftancesV  by  which  Maleger's  death-  is 
effeded,  partake  much  of  the  fantaftick  extravagance  of  ihofe 
by  which  Orillo  is  at  laft  killed.     See  Ort,  Fur.  C.  xv.  67,  «&c. 

■'^    T.  Warton, 


170  THE  FAERIE  QUEEXE.  BOOK  IT. 

Ne  wift  he  M'hat  to  thinkc  of  that  fame  fight, 
Ne  what  to  fay,  ne  what  to  doe  at  all : 
lie  doubted  leait  it  were  fome  ma";icall 
lllufioii  that  did  beguile  his  fenfe. 
Or  wandring  ghoft  that  wanted  funerall, 
Or  aery  fpirite  under  falfe  pretence, 
Or  hellifli  feend  rayld  u])  through  divelifli  fci- 
ence. 

XL. 

His  w^onder  far  exceeded  reafons  reach. 
That  he  began  to  doubt  his  dazeled  iight, 
And  oft  of  error  did  himfelfe  appeach : 

•  -  Flefh  without  blood,  a  perfon  without  fpright. 
Wounds  without  hurt,  a  body  without  might, 
That  could  doe  harme,  yet  could  not  harmed 

bee, 
That  could  not  die,  yet  feemd  a  mortall  wight, 
That  was  moft  (trong  in  moft  infirmitee ; 

Like  did  he  never  heare,  like  did  he  never  fee. 

XLI. 
Awhile  he  Hood  in  this  aftoniftiment, 

Yet  would  he  not  for  all  his  great  difmay 
Give  over  to  effe6t  his  firft  intent, 
And  th'  utmoft  meanes  of  victory  aflay, 
Or  th'  utmoft  yiTew  of  his  owne  decay. 
His  owne  good  fword  Mordure,  that  never 

fkyld 
At  need  till  now,  he  lightly  threw  away,- 


CANTO  XI.  THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  171 

And  his  bright  (hiekl  that  nought  him  now 
avayld ; 

And  with  his  naked  hands  him  forcibly  airayld. 

XLII. 

Twixt  his  two  mighty  amies  him  up  he  fnatcht. 
And  cru(ht  his  carcas  fo  againft  his  breft, 
That  the  difdaintull  fowle  he  thence  difpatcht, 
And  th'  ydle  breath  all  utterly  expreft  : 
Tho,  when  he  felt  him  dead,  adowne  he  kefl 
The  lumpiih  corfe  unto  the  fenceleiTe  grownd; 

XLI.  8.  And  his  bright JJiicId  that  nought  him  noxv  avayld  ;'] 
I  venture  to  lav  Spenfer  did  not  write  fo  ;  or,  if  he  did,  he  for- 
got hinifelf.  This  bright  ihield  reprefented  allegorically  Truth 
and  Reafon,  which  gets  the  better  over  all  illufive  phantafms, 
and  ever  did  avayle:  See  the  defcription  of  this  ihield,  F.  Q.  i. 
vii.  33,  34-,  35.  He  feldom  ulcd  this  Ihield,  thinking  he  was 
fufficient  without  its  extraordinary  affiftance.  See  F.  Q.  i.  viii. 
19.  Never  but  once.  See  F.  Q.  v.  viii.  '37.  With  a  very  little 
alteration,  I  reduce  tlie  paflage,  agreeable  to  the  hiftory  and 
allufion  of  this  enchanted  fhit  Id  : 

"  And  his  bright  (hield  that  mote  him  now  avayld  :" 
His  fword  he  laid  afide,  and  his  bright  fliield  that  might  have 
now  availd  him  ;  the  molt  infallible  refource  againft  fuch  illu- 
lions.     Upton. 

XLH.  1.  Twixt  his  two  mighty  armes  Sic."]  The  combat  of 
Prince  Arthur  with  Malcger  is  taken  from  that  of  Hercules 
with  Autasus.     Compare  Sj)enfer  with  Lucan,  iv.  6'93,  &c. 

JOUTIN. 

XLH.  4.      . expreft  :]      Frefcd  out. 

Eat.   exprimo.     The  French  ufe  exprimcr  and  exprejjion  in  the 
fame  fenfe.     Todd. 

XLH.  7.     • adoune  he  kejl 

The  hnnpijh  corfe  vnto  the  fenceleiTe  grownd  ;'\ 
Spenfer  has  made  his  didion  often  very  difficult,  by  introducing 
ali:r'oft  all  the  figurative  expreliions  of  the  poets ;  and  here 
he  difunites  the  epithet  from  its  proper  fubftantive,  and  places 
it  with  fome  other  in  the  fentence  lefs  proper.  For  fenceleffe 
here  has  reference  to  the  corfe:  fo  in  F.  Q.  v.  x.  33. 

^'  Which  [corfe)  tumbling  down  upon  the  fcnfelej'e  ground." 


172  THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.     BOOK  II. 

Adowne  he  keft  it  with  fo  puiiTant  wreft. 
That  backe  againe  it  did  alofte  rebownd. 
And  gave  againlt  his  mother  Earth  a  gronefull 
fownd. 

XLIII. 
As  when  loves  harnefle-bearing  bird  from  hye 
Stoupes  at  a  flying  heron  with  proud  difdayne, 
The  ftone-dead  quarrey  falls  fo  forciblye. 
That  yt  rebownds  againft  the  lowly  playne, 
A  fecond  fall  redoubling  backe  agayne. 
Then  thought  the  Prince  all  peril  fure  was 

paft. 
And  that  he  viclor  onely  did  remayne  ; 
No  fooner  thought,  then  that  the  Carle  as  faft 
Gan  heap  huge  itrokes  on  him,  as  ere  he  down 
was  cad. 

XLIV. 

Nigh  his  wits  end  then  wox€  th'  amazed  Knight, 


And  in  F.  Q.  iii.  iii.  S'k 

"  That  even  the  wildbeaft  (hall  dy  in  Jlarved  den  :" 
Starved  properly  belongs  to  the  beajl.     Again,  F:  Q.  iii.  vii.  27. 

"  Did  thruft  the  (hallop  from  \.\\^jloting  ftrand  :" 
Thejhallup  wasjioating  when  thrull  from  the  ftrand.    This  con- 
ftruAion  gives  a  figurative  air  to  the  didion,  and  places  it  above 
vulgar  ufc:  and  hence  it  has  been  adopted  by  the  beft  of  poets. 
Virgil,  ^n.  xii.  732. 

— -^ "^^  poftq^uam  arma  dei  ad  Vulcnnia  ventum  eft." 

1.  e.  arma  Vulcani  Dei.     Again,  JEn.  viii.  528. 

"   Tyrrhenufqne  tubae  mugire  per  oethera  clangor." 
i.e.  cl&ngor  Ti/rrhenw  tubcE.     Upton.. 

XLIII.  3.     quarrel^]     A  term  in  falconry.     Any 

fowl  that  is  flown  at  and  killed.     It  is-ufed  (ov  game  in  general. 
"  Sagacious  of  his  quarry,"  Milton;  Var,  L.  B.  x.  281. 

Church. 


CANTO  XI.  THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  173 

And  thought  his  labor  loft,  and  travel!  vajne, 
Againft  this  lifelefle  (hadow  lb  to  fight: 
Yet  life  he  faw,  and  felt  his  mighty  mayne, 
That,  whiles  he  marveild  ftill,  did  ftill  him 

payne ; 
Forthy  he  gan  fome  other  wayes  advize, 
How  to   take    life    from    that    dead-living 

fwayne. 

Whom  ftill  he  marked  freftily  to  arize 

From  th'  earth,  and  from  her  womb  new  fpirits 

to  reprize. 

XLV. 

He  then  remembred  well,  that  had  bene  fayd, 

How  th'  Earth  his  mother  was,  and  firft  him 

bore  ; 

XLIV.  3. this]      Corrected  from  the  Errata, 

and  followed  by  all  the  editions.     The  firft  reads  Ms. 

Church. 

XLIY.  9.     '■ to  reprize.]     To  take  again. 

Fr.  reprendre.     Church. 

XLV.  1.     He  then  remembred  well,  that  had  been  fayd. 

How  th'  Earth  his  mother  was,]  Being  of  the  earth, 
he  was  gloomy  and  earthly,  0  m  U  rxi  y??,  Ix  tS;  715?  ir't,  John 
iii.  31-  Compare  Fulgentius,  who  allegorifes  the  fable  of  An- 
taeus and  Hercules,  L.  ii.  C.  vii.  "  Antaeus  in  modum  libidinis 
ponitur :  unde  et  anTioii  Greece  contrarium  dicimus.  Ideo  et  de 
Terri  natus,  quod  fola  libido  de  carne  dicitur.  Denique  etiam 
tada  terri  validior  exfurgebat.  Libido  enim  quanto  carni  con- 
fenferit,  tanto  furgit  iniquior."  When  ever  this  mifcreant 
touched  the  earth,  he  arofe  more  vigorous.  See  ft.  42,  44. 
And  Arioft.  C.  ix.  77. 

"  Quale  il  Libico  Anteo  fempre  pivl  fiero 
"  Surger  folea  da  la  percofl'a  arena." 
For  which  reafon  the  Knight  caught  him  up  from  the  ground 
in  his  arms,  and  fqueezed  the  life  out  of  his  carrion  corfe. 
Compare  Taffo,  C,  xix.  17. 

"  N^  con  pivi  forza  da  I'adufta  arena 

**  Sofpefe  Alcide  il  gran  gigante,  e  ftrinfe."     Upton. 


174  THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  BOOK  II. 

She  eke,  fo  often  as  his  hfe  decajd, 

Did  hte  with  ufury  to  him  reftore, 

And  reyfd  him  up  much  itronger  then  before. 

So  foone  as  he  unto  her  worn  be  did  fall : 

Therefore  to  grownd  he  would  him  call  no 

more, 
Ne  him  committ  to  grave  terreftriall, 

But  beare  him  farre  from  hope  of  fuccour  ufuall. 

XLVI. 

Tho  up  he  caught  him  twixt  liis  puiflTant  hands, 
And  ha  vino;  fcruzd  out  of  his  carrion  corfe 
The  lothfuli  hfe,  now  loofd  from  linfull  bands, 
Upon  his  fhoulders  carried  him  perforfe 
Above  three  furlongs,  taking  his  full  courfe, 
Until  he  came  unto  a  (landing  lake  ; 
Him  thereinto  he  threw  without  remorfe, 
Ne  flird,  till  hope  of  life  did  him  forfake : 

So  end    of  that   Carles  dayes  and   his   owne 

paynes  did  make. 
XLVII. 
Which  when  thofe  wicked  Ilags  from  far  did  fpye, 
Like  two  mad  dogs  they  ran  about  the  lands ; 
And  th'  one  of  them  with  dreadful!  yelling 
crye, 
•    Throwing  away  her  broken  chaines  and  bands^ 
And  having  quencht  her  burning  fier-brands, 
.  ..HedLong  herfelfe  did  caft  into  that  lake  : 

XLVI.  2.     fcruzd]     Prejfcd  put^  as  in  F.  Q.  ni.  \, 

33,  where  fee  the  note.    Todd^ 


CANTO  XI.  THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  175 

But  Impotence  with  her  owne  wilfull  hands 
One  of  Malegers  curfed  darts  did  take, 
So  ryv'd  her  trembhng  hart,  and  wicked  end 
did  make. 

XLVIII. 
Thus  now  alone  he  conquerour  remaines : 
Tho,  cumming  to  his  Squyre  that  kept  his 

fteed, 
Thought  to  have  mounted  ;  but  his  feeble 

vaines 
Him  faild  thereto,  and  ferved  not  his  need, 
Through  loilfe  of  blood  which  from  his  wounds 

did  bleed,  ,^ 

That  he  began  to  faint,  and  life  Hecay  : 
But  his  good  Squyre,  him  helping  up  with 

fpeed. 
With  ftedfaft  hand  upon  his  horfe  did  ftay. 
And  led  him  to  the  Callle  by  the  beaten  way. 

XLIX. 

Where  many  Groomes  and  Squiers  ready  were 
To  take  him  from  his  Heed  full  tenderly ; 
And  eke  the  fay  reft  Alma  mett  him  there 
W  ith  balme,  and  wine,  and  coftly  fpicery, 


XLIX.  1. Squiers]     A  diflyllable;  and,   thus 

fpelt,  is  the  reading  of  Spenler's  fecond  edition,  to  which  the 
folio  of  1609,  and  Mr.  Church,  have  rightly  attended.  The 
poet's  firft  edition  reads  Squares,  and  all  the  remaining  editions 
have  improperly  printed  the  word  as  a  monofyllable.     Todd. 

XLIX,  4.  JVifh  hahnc,  and  wine,  and  coflly  fpicery,]  See 
the  note  on  wine  eiadfpiceree,  F.  Q.  iii.  i.  42.     Todd. 


176  THE    FAERIE    QUEENE.  BOOK  lU 

To  comfort  him  in  his  infirmity  : 
Eftefoones  (he  caufd  him  up  to  be  convayd, 
And  of  his  armes  defpoyled  eafily 
In  fumptuous  bed  fliee  made  him  to  be  layd ; 
And,  al  the  while  his  wounds  were  dreffmg,  by 
him  ftayd. 

XLIX.  5.  To  comfort  him  &c.]  This  is  an  ufual  marlv  of 
attention  paid  by  heroines,  in  romances,  to  wounded  heroes. 
So,  in  Bevis  of  Hampton  : 

"  He  faid,  Faire  daughter  Jofian, 

"  Heale  Bevis  wounds  if  you  can  : — 

*'  Jofian  did  Bevis  to  chamber  lead, 

•'  To  flop  the  wounds  they  (hould  not  bleed; 

•*  With  lalves  and  drinks  fliee  healed  him  foft,  &c." 
And,  in  Palmerin  of  England,  P.  i.  Ch.  xxxvi.  The  wounded 
"  Knight  of  Fortune  departed  with  the  gentleman  his  hoft  to 
his  houfe  againe,  whither  being  carefully  brought  in  a  chariot, 
fuch  prouifion  was  ordained  for  him,  that  by  the  helpe  of  the 
gentlemans  daughter,  who  was  marvailous  expert  in  the  art  of 
medicine,  his  weake  eftate  was  relieued  <^-c."     Todd. 


CANTO  XII.       THE  FAERIE  QUEEXEi  l77 


CA^fTo  xiL 

Guy  on,   by  Palmers  govCrnaunce, 

Faffing  through  per'ilhs  great, 
Doth  overthrow  the  Bowrc  of  Bfis,^ 

And  Acrafy  defeat. 

I 
NOW  glnnes  that  goodly  frame  of  Teinperauhce 
Fayrely  to  rife,  and  her  adorned  hed 
To  pricke  of  highell  prayfe  forth  to  advaunce^ 
Formerly  grounded  and  fait  fetteled 
On  firme  foundation  of  true  bounty  hed : 
And  this  brave  Knight,  that  for  this  vertue 
fightes, 

Arc.  I.     Gni/on,  hy  Palmer s  governaunce, 

Paffing  through  peritles  great,]  So  the  poet's 
fecond  edition  reads.  The  rirlt  reads,  "  Giiyon  through  Pahners 
governaunce  through  pajhig  &c."  No  edition^  howeverj  fol- 
lows it^  except  that  of  1/51.     Todd. 

I.  1.     ^ that]     Corredled  from  the  Errata  by  the 

editions  of  1751,  of  Churchy   Upton,  and  Tonfon's  in   1758. 
The  reit  read  this.     Todd, 

I.  4k  Formerly  grounded]  Formerly  grounded  is,  heretofore 
grounded  and  fall  fettled  on  the  firm  foundation  of  magnifi- 
cence, imaged  in  Prince  Arthur,  who  routed  the  foes  of  Alma. 

Upton. 

Formerly  grounded  is,  being  firft  of  all  grounded.  See  ft.  67, 
and  agaui  F.  Q.  vi.  i.  38*  vi.  lii,  38.     Church. 

I.  6.  And  this  brave  Knight,  that  for  this  vertue  fightes,]  So 
Speiifer's  own  editions  read,  and  indeed  all  the  left  except  that 


178  THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.     BOOK  IT. 

Now  comes  to  point  of  that  fame  perilous 

fted, 
AVhere  Pleafure  dwelles  in  fenfuall  delights, 
Monffft  thoufand   dano-ers  and    ten  thouiand 

magick  mights, 
ir. 
Two  dayes  now  in  that  fea  he  fayled  has, 
Ne  ever  land  beheld,  ne  living  wight, 
Ne  ought  fave  perill,  ftill  as  he  did  pas : 
Tho,  M  hen  appeared  the  third  Morrow  bright 
Upon  the  waves  to  fpred  her  trembling  light, 
An  hideous  rorlng  far  away  they  heard, 
That  all  then*  fences  filled  with  affright ; 
And  ftrelght  they  faw  the  raging  furges  reard 
Up  to  the  ikyes,  that  them  of  drowning  made 
afFeard. 


of  Mr,  Church,  which  reads  "  And  that  brave  knight,  that  for 
that  vertue  fightes ;"  and  this  reading  Mr.  Church  confiders, 
in  his  note  on  the  line,  as  an  emendation  adopted  from  Spen- 
fer's  lift  ot  Errata,  which  diredts  this  in  p.  362  of  tlie  firll 
edition  to  be  corrected  ^//tf^ ;  but  this  direction  is  fingle,  and 
belongs  to  the  firft  line  of  this  Canto,  as  feveral  editors,  among 
whom  is  Mr.  Church  himfelf,  appear  to  have  underftood.  Mr. 
Upton  ingeniouily  queftions  whether  this  is  not  repeated,  in 
the  prefent  line,  by  the  careleffnefs  of  the  printer ;  and  thinks 
it  might  have  been,  "  And  the  brave  Knight,  that  for  this 
vertue  fightes,"  viz.  Sir  Guyon.     Todd. 

I.  8.     Pleafure]     The  fame  as  Acrafy  or  Acrafia. 

See  ft.  48.     Church. 

II.  5.  Upon  the  waves  tofpread  her  trembling  light]  //  tr^- 
moJante  lume,  Arioft.  Orl.  Fur.  C.  viii.  71.  "  Tremulum  lumen," 
Virg.  ^n,  viii.  22.  "  Splendet  trcmulo  fub  lumine  pontus," 
Mn.  vii.  p.     Virgil  took  this  expreffion  from  Ennius : 

"  Lumine  fic  trcmulo  terra  et  cava  cserula  candent.'* 

'-  Upton, 


CANTO  XII.       THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  1/9 

III. 

Said  then  the  Boteman,  "  Pahiier,  ilere  aright. 
And  keepe  an  even  courfe  ;  for  yonder  way 
We   needes   muft  pas   (God    doe    us    well 

acquight !) 
That  is  the  Gulfe  of  GreedinelTe,  they  fay, 
That  deepe  engorgeth  all  this  worldes  pray  ; 
AVhich  having  fvvallowd  up  exceHively, 
He  foone  in  vomit  up  againe  doth  lay, 
And  belcheth  forth  his  iuperfluity, 

That  all  the  feas  for  feare  doe  feeme  away  to 
fly. 

rv. 
"  On  th'  other  fyde  an  hideous  Rock  is  pight 
Of  mightie  magnes  ftone,  whofe  craggie  clift 
Depending  from  on  high,  dreadfull  to  fight. 
Over  the  waves  his  rugged  armes  doth  lift, 
And  threatneth  downe  to  throw  his  ragged 

rift 
On  whofo  cometh  nigh;  yet  nigh  it  drawes 
All  paiTengers,  that  none  from  it  can  Ihift : 
For,  whiles  they  fly  that  Gulfe's  devouring 
iawes, 

III.  4.     the  Gulfe  of  Greedinefe,]     This  gulf 

is  imaged  from  the  gulf  and  whirlpool  of  Charybdis.  The 
reader  at  his  leifure  may  fee  Virgil's  defcription,  J^n.  iii.  420,. 
which  Spenfer  feems  to  have  imitated.     Upton. 

III.  p.     the  teas  for  feare  doe  feeme  av:ay  to  fly.]     It  is 

probable  that  the  fublime  defcription  in  PJal.  cxiv.  3.  might, 
fuggeft  this  expreflion  to  Spenfer:  'h  GAAASZA  t>^i  x«» 
*£<l>YrEN  :  "  The/ea  faw  that  and  Jed."     Tod?. 

N  2     . 


ISO  THE    FAERIE    QUE  EN' E.  BOOK   lit 

They  on  the  rock  are  rent,  and  funck  m  helples 

uawes." 

V. 

Forward  they  pal^e,  and  ilrongly  he  them  ro\ves, 
Until!  tiiey  nigh  unto  that  (Juife  arryve, 
AVhere    Itreanie    more   violent   and    greedy 

growes ; 
'J'hen  he  with  all  his  puiiaunce  doth  ftryve 
To  itrike  his  oares,  and  mi^i^htily  doth  dryve 
The  hollow  velfell  through  the  threatfulhvave; 
AV  hich,  gaping  wide  to  fwallow  them  alyve 
In  th'  huge  abylle  of  his  engulfing  grave, 

Doth  rore  at  them  in  vainc,  and  with  great  ter- 

rour  rave. 

vr. 
They,  paiFrngby,  that  grifely  mouth  did  fee 
Sucking  the  leas  into  his  entralles  deepe, 
That  i'eemd  more  horrible  than  hell  to  bee, 
Orthatdarke  dreadfull  holeof  Tartare  (leepe 

IV.  t). in  helples  wawes.]     Wawes  put, 

for  the  lake  of  the  rhyme,  for  waves,  or  perhaps  for  icues. 

Hugh  es. 
Chaucer  ufes  'ua'we   for  reave,  but  not  particularly  for   the 
rhyme's  lake,     bee  p.  520,  ed.  Urr. 

"  Plongid  in  the  icaxce  of  mortal  diltrefle." 
Helples  -wavces  are  \va%t's  from  which   there   is  no  being  faved. 
See  7«e/ti/f//e  dcfpair,  K.  Q.  iv.  viii.  51.     Church. 

Gower  and  Lidgate,    as  well  as  Chaucer,    ufe  waxves  for 
uaves.      Lpton. 

VI.  4. Tartare]     See  the  note  on 

Tartary^  F.  Q.  i.  vii.  44.     To  whch,  add   the  following  illuf- 
tration  from  The  troublejome  Raignc  of  King  John,   l6ll. 
"  And  let  the  blacke  tormentors  of  deep  Tartary 
"  Vpbraide  them  wiih  this  damned  enterprife."    Todd. 


CANTO   Xir.       THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  -181 

Through  which  the  damned  ghofts  doen  often 

creep 
Backe  to  the  world,  bad  hVers  to  torment : 
But  nought  that  falles  into  this  direfull  deepe, 
Ne  that  approcheth  nigh  the  wyde  defcent, 
May  backe  retourne,  but  is  condemned  to  be 

drent. 

VII. 
On  th'  other  Ude  they  faw  that  perilous  Rocke, 
Threatning  itielt'e  on  them  to  ruinate, 
On  whofe  fliarp  chftes   tlie  ribs   of  veflfels 

broke ; 
And  (liivered  ftiips,  which  had  beene  wrecked 

late, 
Yet  ftuck  with  earcafes  exanimate 
Of  fuch,  as  having  all  their  fubftance  fpent 
In  wanton  ioyes  and  luftes  intemperate, 
Did  afterwardes  make  iliipwrack  violent 

Both  of  their  life  and  fame  for  ever  fowly  blent. 

VIII. 

Forthy  this,  hight  the  Rock  of  vile  Reproch, 
A  daungerous  and  deteftable  place. 
To  which  nor  fiili  nor  fowle  did  once  approch, 

VII,  2. . to  ruinate,]    To  fall. 

Ital.  ruinare.     See  the  note  on  niinate,  F.  Q.  v.  x.  20".    Todd. 

VII.  8. make Jhipv:rack  &:c.]     This  is  Scrip- 
tural.    See  I  Tim.  i.  19.     Compare  Cebes,  Natayao-m  »  Q'iu, 

Uptox, 

VIII.  2. deteftable]      See  the  note  on  the 

word   thus  accented,  F.  Q.  i.   i.   26.     See  alio  delectable  with 
the  fame  accent  in  the  12th  ft.  of  this  canto.     Todd. 

N  3 


152  THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  BOOK  II. 

But  yelling  meawes,  with  feagulles  hoars  and 

bace, 
And  cormovraunts,  with  birds  of  ravenous 

race, 
Which  ftill  fat  wayting  on  that  wastfull  clift 
For  fpoile  of  wretches,  whofe  unhappy  cace. 
After  loft  credit  and  confumed  thrift, 

At  laft  them  driven  hath  to  this  defpairefull  drift. 

IX. 
The  Palmer,  feeing  them  in  fafetie  paft, 

Thus  faide ;   "  Behold  th'  enfamples  in  our 

fightes 
Of  luftfull  luxurie  and  thriftleffe  waft ! 
What  now  is  left  of  miferable  M'ightes,  * 
W  hich  fpent  their  loofer  dales  in  leud  de- 

lightes, 
But  ftiame  and  fad  reproch,  here  to  be  red 
By   thefe    rent    reliques    fpeaking   their    ill 

pllghtes ! 
Let  all  that  live  hereby  be  counfelled 
To  ftiunne  Rock  of  Reproch,  and  it  as  death  to 

dread  !" 

X. 
So  forth  they  rowed ;  and  that  Ferryman 

With  his  ftiffe  oares  did  bruOi  the  fea  fo  ftrong, 

X.  2.  With  his  ftiff  oares  did  brufh  the  fea  fojlrong,]  Stiff 
oares,  vahdis  remis,  Virg.  /En.  v.  15.  Brufh  thf  fea,  "  Verri- 
mus  &  proni  certantibus  wquora  remis,"  JEu.  iii.  668.  So 
below,  ft.  !<J9. 

**  But  with  his  oares  dLidfweepe  the  watry  wildernefTe." 


CANTO  XII.   THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  183 

That  the  hoare  waters  from  his  frigot  ran. 
And  the  light  bubles  daunced  all  along, 
AVhiles  the   fait  brine  out  of  the   billowes 

fprong. 
At  lall  far  off  they  many  lilandes  fpy 
On  every  fide  floting  the  floodes  emong : 
Then  faid   the  Knight ;  "  Lo  !  I  the  land 

defcry ; 
Therefore,  old  Syre,  thy  courfe  doe  thereunto 

apply/' 

XL 
"  That  may  not  bee,"  faid  then  the  Ferryman, 
"  Leaft  wee  unweeting  hap  to  be  fordonne  : 
For  thofe  famelflands,  feeming  now  and  than. 
Are  not  firme  land,  nor  any  certein  wonne. 
But  ftragiing  plots,  which  to  and  fro  doe  ronne 
In  the  wide  waters  ;  therefore  are  they  hight 
The  Wandring  Iflands :  Therefore  doe  them 

{honne ; 
For  they  have  oft  drawne  many  a  wandring 
wight 
Into  moft  deadly  daunger  and  diftreffed  plight. 

And  fo  Fairfax,  C.  xv.  12. 

"  Some  fpred  their  failes,  fome  with  ftrong  owers  fxveepe 
"  The  waters  fmooth,  and  bntjh  the  buxome  wave." 

Upton. 

X.  3.     the  hoare  v:aters]     Homer,  Jl.  6.  190.  nOAIHN 

aXx.     Catulhis,  De  Nupt.  Pel.  S)-  Thet.  ver.  13. 
"  Tortaque  remigio  fpumis  ilicanuit  unda." 
And  thus,  in  our  tranflation   of  Job,  xli.  32.     "  One  would 
think  the  deep  to  be  hoar>^."     Todd. 

N  4 


164  THE   FAERIE  QLEENE.  BOOK   II, 

XII. 

**  Yet  ^vell  they  feenie  to  him,  that  farre  doth 

vew, 
Both  faire  and   fruitfull,    and  the    grownd 

difpred 
AA'ith  grafly  greene  of  delegable  hew ; 
And  the  tall  trees  with  leaves  appareled 
Are  decktwith  blollbmsdyde  in  white  and  red, 
That  mote  the  paflengers  thereto  allure ; 
But  whofoever  once  hath  faftened 
His  foot  thereon,  may  never  it  recure, 

But  wandreth  evermore  uncertein  and  unfure, 

XIII. 
"  As  th'  ifle  of  Delos  whylome,  men  report, 

XII.  3. dclpftable]     This  accent  or^ 

the  firft  I'yllable  of  delectable,  continued  in  ule  long  after  Spen^ 
fer's  time  :  Thus,  in  Quarles's  addrefs  to  P.  Fletcher,  at  the 
end  of  his  P//c-. -Ec/o^*,  «S:c.   16'33. 

f  In  every  garden,  full  of  new-born  flowers, 

"  Delicious  banks,  and  delegable  bowers." 
So,  in  I-'aufhaw's  tranflation  of  Camoi-ns's  lAifiad^  C.  vii,  71. 

'"  I'hey  threw  out  of  their  delectable  featcs 

"  By  golden  Tagus."     Todd. 

XII.  8.     ■_ ■  recure,]     Recover. 

So,  in  ft.  19,  rccur'dfor  rccovcr'd.     Church. 

XIII.  1.  j4s  the  i/le  of  Delos  whylome  men  report  &c.]  Delos 
was  once  a  wandering  or  floating  illand,  is>.urri  iiva-oi;,  as  JEoWa 
defcribed  by  Homer,  (Of/,  x'  2.)  'till  Latoiio  travelling  or 
journeying  that  nay,  where  the  floating  ifland  iwam,  uas  there 
delivered  of  Apollo  and  Diana.  Hyginus  {I' ab.  WO.)  tells  the 
ftory,  (and  agreeable  to  him  other  mythologifts,)  that  Neptune 
hid  Latona  in  the  ifland  Ortygia,  afterwards  called  Delos, 
being  pcrfecuted  by  Juno ;  and  that  here  flie  was  brought  to 
bed.  See  Ov.  Met.  vi.  18ff.  And  Virgil,  Mn.  iii.  73.  Milton 
hj^d  this  ftanza  of  our  poet  in  view,  in  his  xiith  Sonnet : 

"  Latona's  twin-born  progenie, 

"  Which  after  held  the  fun  and  moon  in  fee."     Upton. 


CANTO  Xfl.       THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  185 

Amid  th'  Aegaean  fea  long  time  did  ftray, 
Ne  made  for  ihippiug  any  certeine  port, 
Till  that  Latona  traveiling  that  way, 
Flying  from  lunoes  wrath  and  hard  aflay, 
Of  her  fayre  twins  was  there  delivered, 
Which  afterwards  did  rule  the  night  and  day  ; 
Thenceforth  it  firm.ely  was  eftablillied, 

And  for  Apolloes  temple  highly  herried." 

XIV. 

They  to  him  hearken,  as  befeemeth  meete ; 
And  palTe  on  forward  :  fo  their  way  does  ly, 
That  one  of  thofe  fame  Iflands,  which  doe  fleet 
In  the  wide  fea,  they  needes  muft  palTen  by, 
Which  feemdfofweet  and  pleafaunt  to  the  eye, 
That  it  would  tempt  a  man  to  touchen  there  : 
Upon  the  banck  they  fitting  did  efpy 
A  daintie  Damfell  dreffing  of  her  heare, 

By  whom  a  little  llippet  floting  did  appeare. 

XV. 

She,'  them  efpying,  loud  to  them  can  call, 

XIII.  9.  yi'id  for  Apolloes  temple  highly  herried.]  So 
Spenfer's  firft  edition  reads,  which  the  editions  of  1751,  Mr. 
Church,  and  Mr.  Upton,  foUow.  The  lecond  reads,  "  Apolloes 
honour"  to  which  the  reft  adhere.  But  this,  I  think,  is  not 
the  poet's  alteration;  for  it  is  a  tautology  to  fay,  "  And  for 
Apolloes  honour  highly  herried  \"  the  word  herried  fignifying 
honoured  ;  But  the  tirft  reading  is  perfpicuous,  viz.  Delos  was 
highly  honoured  on  account  of  Apollo's  temple.     Todd. 

XV.  1. can]      So    Spenfer's 

own  editions  read;  but  the  folios,  Ijughcs,  and  Tonfon's 
edition  of  1758,  have  improperly  converted  it  into  'gan.  See 
the  note  on  can  praife,  F.  Q.  i.  i.  8.  The  edition  of  1/51 
has  affected  to  mend  the  exprelhon,  by  reading  did.     Todd. 


186  THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  BOOK  II. 

Bidding  them  nigher  draw  unto  the  fhore, 

For  ihe  had  caule  to  bufie  them  withall ; 

And  therewith  lewdly  laught:  But  nathemore 

Would  they  once  turne,  but  kept  on  as  afore : 

Which  when  Ibe  faw,  (he  left  her  lockes  un- 

dight, 

And  running  to  her  boat  withouten  ore, 

From  the  departing  land  it  launched  light, 

And  after  them  did  drive  with  all  her  power  and 

might. 

XVI. 

Whom  overtaking,  (he  in  merry  fort 

Them  gan  to  bord,  and  purpofe  diverfly ; 

Now  faining  dalliaunce  and  wanton  fport, 

Now  throwing  forth  lewd  wordes  immodeftly ; 

Till  that  the  Palmer  gan  full  bitterly 

XV.  8.  From  the  departing  land  it  launched  light,]  Pha- 
dria's  boat  had  neither  oar  nor  fail,  but  iVie  managed  it  by  the 
turning  of  a  magical  pin.  See  F.  Q.  ii.  vi.  5.  Departing  land 
is  happily  exprefl'ed,  for  the  land  feems  to  depart  from  the 
launched  vefl'el.     So,  in  C.  xi.  ft.  4. 

"  And  faft  the  land  behind  them  fled  away." 
See  alfo  Arioft.   OrL  Fur.  C.  xli.  8.    "  II  lito  fugge."     And 
Seneca,  Troas.  1044. 

"  Cum  fimul  ventis  properante  remo" 

"  Prenderint  ahum,  fiigietque  litus." 
And  compare  Lucret.  L.  iv.  388,  Ov.  Met.  xi.  4-66,  and  Virg. 
yEn.  iii.  72.     Upton. 

XVI.  2.     Them  gan  to  bord,]     To  accojl.     Often  ufed  m- 
this    fenfe   by   Spenfer.     Fr.    Abordcr.     See  Cotgrave,   in  v.; 
Boorded,  and  in  v.  Ahorde,  approached,  accofted,  boorded,  &c. 
The  fubftantive  bord  is  ufed  for  a  jejl,  F.  Q.  iii.  iii.  19,  where 
fee  the  note.     Todd. 

Ibid. and  ■purpofe  diierjljj  ;]    That  is,' 

and  difcourfe  of  diflerent  things.     Church. 


CANTO  3vII.         THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  1S7 

Her  to  rebuke  for  being  loofe  and  light : 
AVhich  not  abiding,  but  more  Icornfully 
Scoffing  at  him  that  did  her  iuftly  wite, 
She  turnd  her  bote  about,  and  from  them  rowed 

quite. 

XVII. 
That  was  the  wanton  Phaedria,  which  late 
Did  ferry  him  over  the  Idle  Lake : 
Whom  nought  regarding  they  kept  on  their 

gate, 
And  all  her  vaine  allurements  did  forfake ; 
When  them  the  wary  Boteman  thus  befpake; 
"  Here  now  behoveth  us  well  to  avyfe, 
And  of  our  faf  ety  good  heede  to  take ; 
For  here  before  a  perlous  pafTage  lyes, 
W^here  many  Mermayds  haunt  making  falle 

melodies :  i 

XVIII. 
But  by  the  way  there  is  a  great  Quickfand, 
And  a  AVhirlepoole  of  Jiidden  ieopardy  ; 
Therefore,  Sir  Palmar,  keepe  an  even  hand ; 
For  twixt  them  both  the  narrow  way  doth  ly/' 
Scarfe  had  he  faide,  when  hard  at  hand  they  fpy 


XVI.  8. • wite,]     Blame.     See  th« 

note  on  witen,  Shep.  Cal.   May.     Todd. 

XVII.  2.     hiin\     Not  the  Palmer,  but  Sir  Guyon. 

See C.  vi.  ft.  jp.     Church. 

XVIII.  4.  For  twixt  them  both  the  narrow  way  dot hly.'\  In- 
ter utrumque  tene ;  medio  tutifTimus.  Our  Knight  is  to  keep 
the  golden  mediocrity,  between  the  quickfand  and  whirlpool. 

Upton. 


cc 


188  THE  FAERIE  QUEEXE.     BOOK  II, 

'J'hat  Qulckiand  nigh  with  water  covered ; 
J^ut  by  the  checked  wave  they  did  delcry 
It  plaine,  and  by  the  lea  difcoloiired  : 
It  called  was  the  Quickeland  of  Unthrifty  bed. 

XIX. 

They,  paffing  by,  a  goodly  fliip  did  fee 

Laden  from  far  with  precious  merchandize. 
And  bravely  furniflied  as  lliip  might  bee, 
Which  through  great  difaventure,   or  mef- 

prize, 
Herfelfe  had  ronne  into  that  hazardize ; 
Whofe  mariners  and  merchants  with  much 

toyle 
Laboured  in  vaine  to  have  recur'd  their  prize, 
And   the  rich  wares  to  fave  from  pitteous 

fpoyle ; 

But  neither  toyle  nor  traveill  might  her  backe 

recoyle. 

XX. 

On  th'  other  fide  they  fee  that  perilous  Poole, 

That  called  was  theTWhirlepoole  of  Decay  ; 

In  which  full  many  had  w  ith  hapleiTe  doole 

XVIII.  6.     ■  nigh  uifk  water  covered ;]     That  is, 

almoft  covered  with  water.  So  Spenier's  own  editions  read ; 
but  the  folios  and  Hughes  place  a  comma  after  nigh,  whidi 
fpoils  the  fenfe.     Church. 

XVIII.  7.     the  checked  wave]     The  poet  ufes  checked 

for  ckecquer'd,  as  the  context  Ihows.     Todd. 

XIX.  y.     ■ might  her  backe  recoyle.]     Might 

caufe  her  to  recoyle  or  come  back.  Fr.  recvlcr.  ital.  riculare, 
G,  Douglas  has  recalls  bakwart,  recoils,  goes  back,  or  gives 
ground.     Upto.v. 


CANTO  XII.  THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  18^ 

Beene  fiincke,  of  whom  no  memorie  did  ftay : 

Whofe  circled  waters  rapt  with  whirling  Iwa}^ 

Like  to  a  reftlelTe  wheele,  still  ronning  round, 

Did  covet,  as  they  paflTed  by  that  way, 

To  draw  their  bote  within  the  utmoft  bound 

Of  his  wide  labyrinth,  and  then  to  have  them 

d  round. 

XXI. 

But   th'  heedful   Boteman   ftrongly  forth  did 

ft  retch 
His  brawnie  armes,  and  all  his  bodie  ftraine, 
That  th'   utmoft  fandy  breach  they   fliortly 

fetch. 
Whiles  the  dredd  daunger  does  behind  re- 

maine. 
Suddeine  they  fee  from  midft  of  all  the  maine 
The  furging  waters  like  a  mountaine  rife. 
And  the  great  fea,  puft  up  with  proud  dif- 

daine, 

XX.  8. their  bote]     So  Spenfer's  firft  edition 

reads,  which  the  editions  of  1751,  of  Church,  Upton,  and  Ton- 
foii's  in  1738,  follow.     The  rell  read,  "  the  boat."     Todd, 

XXI.  I.     th'  heedful  Bute7iian]      The   firft   edition 

reads  "  th'  earnejl  Boteman,"  to  which  Mr.  Church  alone  ad- 
heres. The  fecond  reads  "  th'  heedjuU,"  an  epithet  feemingly 
more  appropriate  in  this  place  ;  and  therefore  achiiitted,  as  the 
poet's  emendation,  into  every  other  edition.     Todd. 

XXI.  .3.     Jamly  hre-djch.  they Jhortly  (tXc\\,'\      So  all 

the  editions.  I  think  it  fliould  be  beach,  that  is,  they  fetch  or 
pafs  by  the  extreme  part  oi  thai Ja7i(Jy  beach  or  Quick/and. 

Church.   ' 

What  is  made  by  the  breaking  in  of  the  fea,  they  call  a 
hreach.  None  of  the  books  read  beach.  They  fetch,  that  is, 
they  come  up  to,  arrive  at. ,.  Upton. 


•190  THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  BOOK  !!♦ 

To  fwell  above  the  meafure  of  his  guife, 
As  threatning  to  devoure  all  that  his  powre 
defpife. 

XXII. 

The  waves  come  rolling,  and  the  billowes  rore 
Outragioufly,  as  they  enraged  were, 
Or  wrathfuU  Neptune  did  them  drive  before 
Mis  whirling  charet  for  exceeding  feare  ; 
For  not  one  puffe  of  winde  there  did  appeare; 
That  all  the  three  thereat  woxe  much  afrayd, 
Unweeting  what  fuch  horrour  llraunge  did 

reare. 
Eiftfoones  they  faw  an  hideous  hoaft  arrayd 
Of  huge  fea-monfters,  fuch  as  living  fence  dif- 
mayd  : 

XXIII. 
IMoll  ugly  Ihapes  and  horrible  afpefts, 

Such  as  dame  Nature  felfe  mote  feare  to  fee, 
Or  fliame,  that  ever  ihould  fo  fowle  defe6ls 
From  her  moft  cunning  hand  efcaped  bee ; 
All  dreadfull  pourtrai6ts  of  deformitee : 
Spring-headed  hydres ;    and    fea-ftiouldring 
whales ; 


XXIII.  2.     Suck  as  Dame  Nature  felfe  mote  feare  to  fee, 

Orfhame,  &c.]  Compare  Boyardo,  Orl.  Innam. 
p.  143  ;  Berni,  L.  ii.  C.  13.  ft.  58,  59,  60.  From  Boyardo, 
Ariofto  took  what  he  fays  of  the  Witch  Alcina,  C.  vi.  ft.  36,  37. 

Upton. 
XXIH.  3.     Or  fhame,]     Be  affiamed.     So,  in  F.  Q.  ii.  i.  20, 
and  again  F.  Q.  v.  iv,  24.     Church. 

XXIII.  6.     Spring-headed  hydren ;]     That  is,  hydras  with 


<CANT0  XII.         THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  iQl 

Great  whirlpooles,  which  all  fifties  make  to 

flee ; 
Bright  fcolopendraes  arm'd  with  filver  fcales; 
Mighty  monoceros  with  immeafured  tayles ; 

XXIV. 
The  dreadful  fifti,  that  hath  defer v'd  the  name 
Of  Death,  and  like  him  lookes  in  dreadful! 
hew  ; 

heads  fpringing  or  budding  forth  from  their  bodies.  See  Gef- 
ner,  p,  459.     Upton. 

XXIII.  6". fea-Jhouldring  whales  ;]    Whales 

that  rhouldered  on  the  feas  before  them.     Upton. 

XXIII.  7.  Great  w/iirlpooles,]  The  whirlpuole  is  a.  large  &(h 
of  the  whale  kind,  that  fpouts  out  water  at  the  top  of  his  head. 
Lat.  phi/feter.     Church. 

See  Skinner  :  "  Wliirlpuole  ab  Anglis  di6lus  cetus  balaena 
eft — Videtur  a  vorticibus,  quos  turbinis  inftar  in  aqua  excitare, 
iiomen  habere — Nee  alius  puto  pifcis  eft  ille  quern  horlopole  vo- 
citant  Angli,  &c."  In  Job  xli.  1.  letiathaii  is  rendered,  in  the 
margin,  a  whale  or  a  whir/pool.     Upton. 

XXIII.  8.  Bright  fcolopendraes  arm!d  with  Jiher  fcales  ;'\ 
The  fcolopendra,  a  fiih  unknown  to  our  feas,  takes  its  name 
from  a  land-infed:  or  worm  called  the  centipes,  which  has  two 
rows  of  legs  reaching  from  the  head  to  the  tail.  The  fcolo- 
pendra is  mentioned  by  .Lilian  in  his  Hiftory  of  Animals,  and 
by  molt  naturalifts  placed  among  the  cetaceous  fifties.  See  the 
Catalogue  of  Oppian's  Fiflies,  at  the  end  of  Jones's  poetical 
tranflation  of  the  Halieuticks,  8vo.  Oxford,  1722.     Todd. 

XXIII.  9.  Mighti/  monoceros  with  immeafured  tai/les ;]  I 
would  read, 

"  Mighty  monocerofes  with  immeafur' d  tayles  :" 
So,  in  F.  Q.  ii.  x.  8.    "  As  far  exceeded  men  in  their  immea- 
fur'd  mights."     JoRTiN. 

The  verfe  is  immeafured.  'Tis  not  agreeable  to  Spenfer's 
manner,  to  fay  7nonucerofes. — This  fea-5fli  the  Greeks  called 
f<.p»oxEf«j,  the  fea-unicorn.  But,  to  know  what  fifti  Spenf6r 
meant,  you  muft  turn  to  Gefner,  p.  208.     Upton. 

XXIV.  1.  The  dreadful  Jijh,  &c.]  The  Mors,  or  MorfZt 
defcribed  by  Olaus  Worraius  and  Gefner.     Upton. 


'19*2  THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  BOOK  it. 

The  griefly  wafTerman,  that  makes  his  game 
The  tiying  flups  with  fwiftnes  to  purfew ; 
The  horrible  iea-fatyre,  that  doth  ihew 
His  fearefuU  face  in  time  of  greateft  Itorme ; 
Huge  zlffius,  whom  mariners  efchew 
No  leile  then  rockes,  as  travellers  informe ; 
And  greedy  rofmarines  with  vifages  deforme  : 

XXV. 

All  thefe,  and  thoufand  thoufands  many  more, 
And  more  deformed  monfters  thoufand  fold, 


XXIV.  3.  The  griejli/  vajfennan,  &c.]  Waflernix,  dasmon 
aquaticus.  Wacht.  See  Grfner,  p.  439,  &c.  "  Eft  inter  beluas 
marinas  homo  inarinus,  eft  et  Triton,  &c."  and  p.  1000.  *'  Tri- 
tonem  Germani  vocare  poterant  ein  wajtrnmn,  einfccnian,  i.  e. 
aquatilem  vel  niarinuni  hominem."     Upton. 

XXIV.  5.  The  horrible  fea-fafi/re,]  See  Gefner,  p.  1001. 
"  Pan,  vel  Satvrus  marinus."     Upton. 

XXIV\  7.  Huge  zifiius.]  Dr.  Jortin  fancies  that  the  poet 
meant  Xiphias,  which,  Mr.  Church  adds,  is  the  fuord-jijh. 
But  the  huge  Xiphias,  fuppofing  Spenfer  to  have  intended  this 
fpelling,  is  a  very  different  tilh  from  the  common  fword-fijh^ 
which  is  fo  named  from  a  long  blade  of  an  horned  fubftance 
proceeding  from  his  upper  jaw,  with  which  he  kills  his  prey. 
See  the  Catalogue  of  Oppian's  Fiflies,  already  cited.  The  hvge 
Zijius  is  thus  defcribed,  Olai  Magni  Epit.  L.  xxi.  C.  x.  "  Ell 
enim  Xiphias  animal  nulli  alteri  (imile,  nifi  in  aliqVia  propor- 
tione  ceti.  Caput  habet  horridum,  ut  b\ibo :  os  profundura 
valde,  veluti  barathrum  immejifum,  quo  terret  et  fugat  infpi- 
cientes  :  oculos  horribiles,  dorfum  cuneatum,  vel  ad  gladii  for- 
mam  elevatum,  roftrum  mucronatum.  Todd. 
■  XXIV.  9.  And  greedy  rofmarines]  The  rofmarine  is  deno- 
minated alfo  by  Olaus  Magnus  the  Norwegian  mors.  See  Olai 
Magni  Epit.  L.  xxi.  C.  xix.  "  Rofmari  itaque  hi  pifces,  five 
morfi  dicuntur,  caput  habentes  bovinas  figurae,  hirfutam  pellem, 
pilofque  fpiflitudine  veluti  culmos  vel  calamos  frumenti,  late 
diffluentes.  Dentibus  fefe  ad  rupium  cacumina  ufque  tanquam 
per  fcalas  elevant,  ut  rorulento  dulcis  aquae  gramine  velcan- 
tur,  &c."    Todd. 


€ANTO  XII.         THE  FAERIE  QUEEXE.  1^3 

AVith  dreadiiill  noife  and   hollow  rombling 

rore 
Came  ruiliins:,  in  the  fomy  waves  enrold, 
AVhich  feem'd  to  fly  for  feare  them  to  be- 
hold : 
Ne  wonder,  if  thefe  did  the  Knight  appall ; 
For  all  that  here  on  earth  we  dreadfuU  hold, 
Be  but  as  buo-.s  to  fearen  babes  withall, 
Compared  to  the  creatures  in  the  feas  entrdll. 

XXVI. 

*'  Feare  nouoht/'  then  faide  the  Palmer  well 

aviz'd, 
"  For  thefe  fame  monfters  are  not  thefe  in 

deed, 
But  are  into  thefe  fearefull  ihapes  difguiz'd 
By  that  i'ame  wicked  Witch^   to  worke  us 

dreed, 
And  draw  from  on  this  lourney  to  proceed." 
Tho,  lifting  up  his  vertuous  ftaffe  on  hye, 
He  fmote  the  fea,  which  calmed  was  with 

fpeed, 
And  all  that  dreadfull  armie  faft  gan  flye 
Into  great  Tediys  bofome,  where  they  hidden 

lye. 

XXV.  8.  Be  but  as  bugs  to  fearen  babes]  The  like  expref- 
fion  occurs  in  F.  Q.  iii.  iv.  15.  And  in  F.  Q.  ii.  iii.  20,  where 
lee  the  note.     Todd. 

XXVI.  4.    Bi/  that  fame  wicked  Witch,]     Acrafia.    Church. 
XXVI.  5.    A^id  draw  from  un  this  iourney  to  proceed.]    And 

to  draw  us /"roTW  proceeding  on  this  journey  ;  a  Grecifm,_/ro?«  t<x 
proceed,  utto  t«  T^o^hut.     See  aUo  ft.  (i-t.     Upton. 

VOL.  IV.  O 


194  THE    FAERIE    QUEENE.  BOOK  II. 

XXVII. 

Quit  from  that  danger  forth  theh*  courfe  they 

kept ; 
And  as  they  went  they  heard  a  ruefull  cry 
Of  one  that  way  Id  and  pittifully  wept, 
That  through  the  fea  th'  refounding  plaints 

did  fly : 
At  lad  they  in  an  liland  did  efpy 
A  feemely  Maiden,  fitting  by  the  ftiore, 
That  with  great  forrow  and  fad  agony 
Seemed  fome  great  misfortune  to  deplore, 
And  lowd  to  them  for  fuccour  called  evermore. 

XXV'III. 

Which  Guyon  liearing,  (Ireight  his  Palmer  bad 
To  ftere  the  bote  towards  that  doleful!  Mayd, 
That  he  might  know  and  eafe  her  forrow  fad: 
Who,  him  av  izing  better,  to  him  fayd ; 
"  Faire  Sir,  be  not  difpleafd  if  difobayd : 
For  ill  it  were  to  hearken  to  her  cry ; 
For  flie  is  inly  nothing  ill  apayd  ; 
But  onely  womanifli  fine  forgery, 

XXVII.  4.  That  through  the  fea  th'  I'cfuiinding  &c.]  Every 
edition,  except  both  the  poet's  own,  read  "  That  through  the 
"fea  refounding  &:c."  Spenfer's  two  editions  read  "  the  re- 
founding  &c."  Mr.  Upton  therefore,  in  his  note,  agrees  to 
the  elifion  which  I  have  admitted ;  and  adds  that,  though  he 
had  followed  the  (irft  folio  in  rejefting  the,  he  queftioned  its 
authority  in  this  place,  and  wifhed  that  he  had  printed  it  other- 
wife.     Todd. 

XXVIII.  7.  Forjhe  is  inly  nothing  ill  apayd  ;]  .So  Chaucer, 
in  the  Merchants  Tale: 

"  I  pray  you  that  you  be  not  ill  apaid :" 
That  is,  dijlat.isfii;d.     Upton. 


CANTO  XII.         THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  1^5 

Your  ftubborne  hart  tafte6l  with   fraile  infir- 
mity: 

XXIX. 

"  To  which  when  fhe  your  courage  hath  inchnd 
Through  foohtli  pitty,  then  her  guilefull  bayt 
She  will  embofome  deeper  in  your  mind, 
And  for  your  ruine  at  the  laft  awayt." 
The  Knight  was   ruled,  and  the  Boteman 

Itrayt 
Held  on  his  courfe  with  ftayed  ftedfaftnefTe, 
Ne  ever  flnxjncke,  ne  ever  fought  to  bayt 
His  tyred  armes  for  toylefome  wearineile ; 

But  with  his  oares  did  fvveepe  the  watry  wilder- 

neife. 

.    XXX. 

And  now  they  nigh  approched  to  the  fted 

"Whereas  thofe  Mermayds  dwelt:  It  was  a 

ftill 
And  calmy  bay,  on  th'  one  fide  ftieltered 
With  the  brode  Ihadow  of  an  hoarie  hill ; 
On  th'  other  lide  an  high  rocke  toured  ftill, 
That  twixt  them  both  a  pleafaunt  port  they 

made, 
And  did  like  an  halfe  theatre  fulfill : 

XXIX.  7. ne  ever  fought  to  bayt 

His  tyred  armes]  To  bayt  here  fignifies  to  reji. 
So  Milton  ufes  the  word,  Par.  L.  B.  xii.  1.  And  Mr.  Richard- 
fon  oblerves,  in  a  note  on  that  paffage,  that  a  hawk  is  faid  to 
bate  when  he  (loops  in  the  niidft  of  his  flight.  Bate,  Fr.  batre, 
s'abatre,  to  ftoop.     Church, 

XXX.  7.     And  did  like  aa   halfe  theatre  fulfill:]     Tb^t  is, 

02 


\06  THE  FAERIE  QUKENE.  BOOK  11. 

There  ihofe  five  Sifters  had  conlinuall  trade, 
And  uld  to  bath  thenifelves  in  that  deceiptfull 

Ihade. 

XXX  r. 
They  were  faire  Ladies,  till  they  fondly  ftriv'd 
^Vith  til'  Heliconian  Maides  for  niayftery ; 
Of  whom  they  over-conien  were  depriv'd 

And  did  fuljill,  or  cowplcat,  the  whole,  like  to  an  amphitheatie. 
This  is  taken  from  the  famous  hay  of  Naples,  defcribed  by 
Virgil,  jEh.  i.  163.  imitated  by  'I'alfo,  C.  xv.  42.  FiiljUl  is  not 
to  be  altered,  but  explained.  Job  xxxix.  2.  "  Canlt  thou 
nami)er  the  monllis  that  they JiiljiU?"  i.  e.  vompleat.     Upton. 

XXXI.  1.  T/ici/  xcere  faire  Ladies,  &c.]  it  is  plain  by  this 
and  b}'  wliat  follows,  that  Speiii'er  defigned  here  to  defcribe  the 
Mermaids  as  Sirens,  lie  has  done  it  contrary  to  mythology  : 
for  tl;e  Sirens  were  not  part  women  and  part  tilhes,  as  Spenler 
and  other  moderns  have  imagined,  but  part  women  and  part 
birds,  1  hey  were  the  chiuglitcrs  of  one  of  the  iMiifes,  as  fome 
relate.  We  learn  from  the  emperor  Julian  that  they  contended 
with  the  Mules,  but  that  the  Mufes  overcame  tliem,  took  their 
wings  away,  and  adorned  themfelves  with  them  as  with  tro- 
phies, and  in  token  of  their  vidory,  J'-piji.  xli.     Joutin. 

By  the  Sirens  are  imaged  fenfual  pleafures ;  hence  Spenfer 
makes  their  number  five  :  but  the  poets  and  mythologills  as  to 
tlieir  number  vary.  I  refer  the  curious  reader  to  the  Schol.  on 
Horn.  0</. /*'.  ver.  39 ;  to  Ilyginus  in  Prajfat.  Ex  Acheloo  et 
Miipomene  Sirencs,  ^C-  fn^d  Lab.  cxli ;  to  Natalis  Comes,  Lib, 
\ii.  Cap.  xiii ;  and  to  Barnes,  Eurip.  Helen,  ver.  l66.  But 
Hiould  you  alk,  why  did  not  Spenfer  follow  lathcr  the  ancient 
poets  and  mythologilts,  than  the  moderns  in  making  them  JNIer- 
maids  ?  My  anfwer  is,  Spenfer  has  a  mythology  of  his  own  : 
nor  would  he  leave  his  brethren  the  romance-writers,  where 
merely  authority  is  to  be  put  againft  authority.  Boccace  has 
given  a  fandtion  to  this  dcfcription,  Ge7icaL  Dcorum,  Lib.  vii. 
Cap.  20.  Let  me  add  our  old  poets,  as  Gower,  Tol.  x.  2,  and 
Chaucer,  Horn,  of  the  lioje,  ver.  680.  VoUius  has  followed  it 
too,  "  Sirenes  dicebantur  tria  marina  monllra,  quorum  unum- 
quodcjue,  ut  Horatii  verbis  utar,  Definit  in  pifcem  mulier  for- 
jjiofa  fu]jerne,"     See  Voflius,  Ltymolog.  in  V.  Sirenes, 

Upton. 


CANTO  XII.  THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  197 

Of  their  proud  beaiitie,  and  tli'  one  mojity 

Transforrn'd  to  fiili  for  their  bold  Ibrqiiedry ; 

But  th'  upper  haUe  their  hew  retajned  ftill, 

And  their  Tweet  (kill  in  wonted  melody; 

Which  ever  after  they  abufd  to  ill, 

T'  allure  weake  traveillers,  whom  gotten  they 

did  kill. 

XXXII. 

So  now  to  Guy  on,  as  he  pafifed  by. 

Their  pleafaunt  tunes  they  fweetly  thus  ap- 

plyde  ; 

"  O  thou  fivyre  fonne  of  gentle  Faery, 

That  art  in  mightie  amies  molt  magnify de 

Above  all  Kniiihts  that  ever  batteill  trvde, 

O  turne  thy  rudder  hetherward  awhile  : 

Here  may  thy  ftorme-bett  vellell  fafely  ryde  ; 

This  is  the  Port  of  reft  from  troublous  toyle. 


XXXI.  5.     — titeir  hoM  {urqne(hj;]     Pride.    See 

the  note  on  fur  que  dry,  V.  Q.  v.  ii.  30.     Todd. 

XXXI.  6.     But  th'  upper  halfe  their  hew  retained Jlill, 

And  their  Jhveet  ^/kiW]  That  is,  And  they  re- 
tained their  fweet  ikill  :  They  is  often  omitted  in  Spenl'er  :  'tis 
elliptically  exprelVed.     See  Ovid,  Met.  v.  56'3. 

"  Virii,inei  vultus  et  vox  hiunana  remanfit."     Uptox. 
XXXII. ^3.     0  thuufayrefuiine  &c.]     This  fong  of  the  Mer- 
maids is  copied  from  Homer,  Od.  ^'.  184'.  where  the  Sirens  lay 
to  UlyiVes  : 

N'<'/«  y.ot,rxTricov,  tvx  vcoiTffcv  ott   axaa^?. 
O^  yccp  'Sju)  Tt?  T'/)^£        v..  r.  X.      JoRTIN. 

XXXII.  8.     This  is  the  Port  of  rejl  ike]     Perhaps  he  bor- 
rowed this  from  Tafib,  C.  xv.  63. 

"  Quefto  e  il  porto  del  mondo,  e  qui  il  riftoro     ■ 
.  "  De  le  fue  noie,  e  quel  piacer  li  lente — ''     Upton. 

o  3 


198  THE  FAERIE  QUEEXE.  BOOK  II. 

The  worldes  fweet  In  from  paine  and  wearlfome 

turmojle." 

XXXIII. 
With  that  the  rolhng  iea,  refounding  foft. 
In  his  big  bafe  them  fitly  anfwered ; 
And  on  the  rocke  the  waves  breaking  aloft 
A  folemne  meane  unto  them  meafured ; 
The  whiles  fweet  zephyrus  lowd  whifteled 
His  treble,  a  ftraunge  kinde  of  harmony ; 
Which  Guyons  fenfes  foftly  tickeled, 
That  he  the  Boteman  bad  row  eafily, 
And  let  him  heare  fome  part  of  their  rare  me- 
lody. 

XXXIV. 
But  him  the  Palmer  from  that  vanity 
With  temperate  advice  difcounfelled. 
That  they  it  paft,  and  (hortly  gan  defcry 
The  land  to  which  their  courfe  they  levelled  ; 
When  fuddeinly  a  groffe  fog  over  fpred 


XXXIII.  1.  iritk  that  &c.]  This  is  very  beautiful,  and 
is  Spenfer's  own  invention,  as  far  as  I  know,     Jortin. 

A  fimilar  idea  occurs  in  a  fubfequent  work,  viz.  Vartheneia 
Sacra,  printed  in  1633.  See  p.  8.  "  Thoie  water-works,  con- 
duits, and  aquaducts,  which  yet  you  might  heare  to  make  a 
gentle  iiuinnvr  throughout,  affording  an  apt  base  for  the  birds 
to  defcant  on.     Todd. 

XXXIV.  5.  When  fuddeuily  a  grojfefog  oxer  fpred  &c.]  'Tis 
plain  that  during  the  whole  voyage  of  this  Knight,  and  his 
fober  conductor,  our  poet  had  in  view  the  voyage  of  Ulyfles; 
efpecially  the  xiith  book  of  Homer's  Odijjfey,  where  the  wife 
hero  meets  with  the  adventures  of  the  Siiens,  Scylla,  and  Cha- 
rybdis ;  foon  after  follows  his  Ihipwreck,  and  his  arrival  at  the 
ifland  of  Calypfo.     Compare  Virgil,  Mn.  i.  52,     Upton. 


CANTO  XII.  THE  FAERIE  QUEEXE.  199 

With  his  dull  vapour  all  that  delert  has, 
And  heavens  chearefull  face  enveloped, 
That  all  things  one,  and  one  as  nothing  was. 

And  this  great  univerle  feemd  one  confuled  mas; 

XXXV. 

Thereat  they  greatly  were  difmayd,  ne  wift 
How  to  dire6l  theyr  way  in  darkenes  wide, 
But  feard  to  wander  in  that  waftefuU  mift, 
For  tombling  into  mifchiefe  unefpyde : 
Worfe  is  the  daunger  hidden  then  defcride. 
Suddeinly  an  innumerable  flight 
Of  harmefull  fowles  about   them  flutterino- 

o 

cride, 
And  with  their  wicked  wings  them  ofte  did 
fmight, 
And  fore  annoyed,  groping  in  thatgriefly  night. 

XXXVI. 
Even  all  the  nation  of  unfortunate 

And  fatall  birds  about  them  flocked  were, 
Such  as  by  nature  men  abhorre  and  hate ; 
The  ill-fafl;e  owle,  deaths  dreadfullmeflengere; 
The  hoars  night-raven,  trump  of  dolefulldrere; 

XXXV.  4.  For  tombling  kc]  That  is.  Left  they  fhould 
tumble,  or,  that  they  might  not  tumble.  See  F.  Q.  iii.  vi.  18, 
vi.  X.  11 .  So,  in  Mot/ier  Hubberds  Talc,  when  the  Ape  goes  to 
fteal  the  crown  &c.  from  the  lleeping  Lion  : 

'*  Upon  his  tiptoes  nicely  he  upwent 

"  For  making  noyfe — " 
This  is  after  Chaucer,  p.  146'.  edit.  Urr. 

*'  And  ovir  that  an  habergeon 

"  i'o;- j9erc?«^  of  his  herte."     Ciivrch, 

o  4 


nQO  THE  lALUIE  QUEENE.  COOK  II. 

The  lether-winged  batt,  dayes  enimy  ; 
The  rueful!  llrich,  ftill  waiting  on  the  here; 
The  vvhiltler  Hirill,  that  whofo  heares  doth  dy ; 
The  helUfli  harpyes,  prophets  of  fad  deftiny  : 

XXXVII. 
AU  thofe,  and  all  that  els  does  horror  breed, 
About  them  flew,  and  fild  their  fayles  with 

feare : 
Yet  ftayd  they  not,  but  forward  did  proceed, 
"Whiles  th'  one  did  row,  and  th'  other  ftifly 

fteare ; 
Till  that  at  laft  the  weather  gan  to  cleare, 
.    And  the  faire  land  itfelfe  did  playnly  ihow. 
Said  then  the  Palmer ;  "  Lo  !  where  does 

appeare 
The  facred  foile  where  all  our  perills  grow  ! 


XXXVI.  6.  The  lethcr-wiiiged  bait,]  Hence  Collins,  in 
his  beautiful  Ode  to  Eietiing  : 

"   Now  air  is  hulli'd,  lave  where  the  weak-ey'd  batt 
"  With  fliort  ihrill  (liriek  flits  by  on  leathern  uing, 
"  Or  where  the  beetle  winds 
"   Mis  fmall  but  fulleu  horn."     Tono. 

XXXVI.  7.  The  ruffull  Urich,]  The  fcneich-o-cl,  r^M^ 
Jtrix.     UrTON. 

XXXVII.  2.     : (Hid  Jild  their  Jai/lcs  xcilh  feare  :] 

That  is,  And  filled  their  failes  with  fearful  objects.      Upton. 

XXXVII.  8.  The  i'acrcd  Jhile]  The  place  where  the  En- 
chantrefs  lived  ;  therefore  I  conclude  that  by  facred  he  means 
curfed,  deteftahle,  according  to  that  ufe  of  the  word/accr.  So, 
in  F.  Q.  V.  xii.  i.  "  O  facred  hunger  &c."  '■'■  facra  fames." 

JoilTIN. 

The  facred  foile  is  the  enchanted  foile,  as  facro  is  ufed  by  the 
Italian  poets  :  or  curfed,  abominable;  for  he  calls  it  "  the  curfed 
land,"  F.  Q.  ii.  i.  31.     L'rxox. 


CANTO  XII.        THE    FAERIE    QUEENE.  201 

Therefore,  Sir  Knight,  your  ready  arms  about 

you  throw." 

XXXVIII. 

He  hearkned,  and  his  amies  about  him  tooke, 
The  whiles  the  nimble  bote  fo  well  her  fped, 
That  with  her  crooked  keele   the  land  ihe 

ftrooke : 
Then  forth  the  noble  Guy  on  fallied, 
And  his  fage  Palmer  that  him  governed  ; 
But  th'  other  by  his  bote  behind  did  ftay. 
They  marched  fayrly  forth,  of  nought  ydred, 
Both  firmely  armd  for  every  hard  afiay, 

"With  conftancy  and  care,  gainft  daunger  and 

dilmay. 

XXXIX. 
Ere  long  they  heard  an  hideous  bellowing 
Of  many  beafts,  that  roard  outrageouily. 
As  if  that  hungers  poynt  or  Venus  ftirig 


XXXVIII.  4. fallied]     So  all  the 

^ditioiib.  It  lliould  hefalied,  as  before,  C.  vi,  ft.  38.    Church. 

XXXVJII.  8.     • — ^ hard  afai/,]     The  ufual 

phrafe  in  romance,  which  fome  editions,  however,  have  here 
unwarrantably  converted  into  ^'^fud  aflay."     Todd. 

XXX IX.  1.     Ere  long  they  heard  an  hideous  belhnuing 

Of  711  ami  bcajls,  &c.]  Spenfer,  I  believe,  had 
m  his  eye  the  coaft  of  Circe,  as  delcribed  by  ^  irgil,  ^-En.  vii. 
15.  The  reader  niav  alio  compare  at  his  leifure  Hom.  Od.  ^'. 
where  UlyfTcs  lands  at  the  Circean  promontory  in  Italy,  and 
vifits  the  palace  of  Circe.  Never  was  a  ftory  better  fuited  for 
poetry  ;  as  it  is  both  wonderful  and  entertaining,  and  the  alle- 
gory inftruCtive  :  1  believe  too  our  poet  had  Ovid  in  his  eye. 
Met.  xiv.  255. 

"  Miile  lupi,  mixtrpque  lupis  iirfa?que  lea?que 
"  Occurfu  fecere  metum,  &c."     Uptox. 


202  THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  BOOK  II. 

Had  them  enraged  with  fell  furquedry  ; 
Yet  nought  they  feard,  but  paft  on  hardily, 
Untill  they  came  in  vew  of  thole  wilde  beafts. 
Who  all  attonce,  gaping  full  greedily, 
And  rearing  fercely  their  upftaring  crefts. 
Ran  towards  to  devoure  thofe  unexpe6ted  guefts. 

XL. 
But,  foone  as  they  approcht  with  deadly  threat, 
The  Palmer  over  them  his  ftaffe  upheld. 
His  mighty  ftaffe,  that  could  all  charmes  de- 
feat : 
Eftefoones  their  ftubbornecorages  werequeld. 
And  high  advaunced  crefts  downe  meekely 

feld ; 

Inftead  of  fraying  they  themfelves  did  feare. 

And  trembled,  as  them  paffmg  they' beheld  : 

Such  wondrous  powre  did  in  that  ftafte  ap- 

peare. 

All  monfters  to  fubdew  to  him  that  did  it  beare. 


XXXIX.  8. upftaring  crejls,]     So  the 

poet's  firft  edition  reads,  which  Hughes's  fecond  edition,  thole 
of  Church,  Upton,  and  Tonfon's  in  l7o8,  rightly  follow.  The 
reft  read  "  vpftarting  crefts."  Upjlari/ig  crefts,  as  Mr.  Church 
has  remarked,  are  the  high  advaunced  crefts  in  the  next  ftanza. 

Todd. 

XL.  8.     Such  -wondrous  powre  did  in  that  jluff  appeare, 

AUmonjlcrs  to  fubdew  to  him  that  did  it  beare.']  The 
man  who  prudently  and  temperately  rules  his  appetites  and 
paflions,  i.  e.  who  has  this  Palmers  ftaf,  ox  the  Moly  which  Mer- 
cury gave  to  Ulyjfes,  will  never  be  haunted  by  vain  illufions, 
nor  be  made  a  beaft  by  fenfual  enchantments.  The  fame  kmd 
of  charmed  ftaff  Ubaldo  bore  when  he  went  to  the  palace  of 


CANTO  XII.         THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  203 

XLI. 

Of  that  fame  wood  it  fram'd  was  cunningly, 
Of  which  Cadiiceus  whilome  was  made, 
Caduccus,  the  rod  of  Mercury, 
With  which   he  wonts  the  Stygian  realmes 

invade 
Through  ghaftly  horror  and  eternall  ihade ; 
Th'  infernall  feends  with  it  he  can  afTwage, 
And  Orcus  tame,  whome  nothing  can  per- 

fuade, 
And  rule  theFuryes  when  they  moft doe  rage: 

Such  vertue  in  his  ftafFe  had  eke  this  Palmer 
fage. 

XLII. 

Thence  paffmg  forth,  they  ihortly  doe  arryve 
Whereas  the  Bowre  of  BlifTe  was  (ituate  ; 
A  place  pickt  out  by  choyce  of  beft  alyve. 
That  natures  worke  by  art  can  imitate : 
In  which  whatever  in  this  worldly  ftate 
Is  fweete  and  pleafnig  unto  living  fenfe, 
Or  that  may  daynteft  fantafy  aggrate, 
AVas  poured  forth  with  plentifull  difpence. 

And  made  there  to  abound  with  laviih  affluence. 


Armida.     See  Tafib,  C.  xiv.  73,  xv.  49.    This  ftaff  has  the  vir- 
tues of  the  rod  of  Mercury,  defcribed  by  Virg.  J^n.  iv,  '^<}2. 

Upton. 
XLI.  7.     -^nd  Orcus  tame,  whome  nothing  can  perfuadc,]     So 
Hor.  L.  ii.  Od.  3. 

"  Vidtima  nil  miferantis  Orci."     Upton. 
XLII.  8. difpence,]      Expence^ 


204  THE    FAERIE    QUEENE.  BOOK  II. 

XLIII. 

Goodlv  it  was  enclofcd  rownd  about, 

Afwell  their  entred  gueltes  to  keep  within. 
As  thofe  unruly  beads  to  hold  without; 
Yet  was  the  fence  thereof  but  weake  and  thin; 
Nought  feard  their  force  that  fortilage  to  win, 
But  ^Vil"edomes  powre,  and  Teniperaunces 

might, 
By  which  the  mightieft  things  efforced  bin : 
And  eke  the  gate  was  wrought  of  fubftaunce 

lio-ht. 
Rather  for  pleafure  then  for  battery  or  fight, 

profujlon,  as  in  Chaucer's  in/  of  Bathes  Tale,  ver.  684-5,  edit. 
Tyrwhitt. 

"  And  old  and  angry  nigards  of  difpcnce, 

"  God  lend  hem  lone  a  veray  peftilence."     Todd. 

XLIII.  5.  Koughl  feard  their  /wrrf]  So  all  the  editions, 
Querc,  they,  that  is,  the  uihabitants  ot'  tiuit  place  were  not 
afraid  of  force  or  violence.     CiiuuCii. 

Mr.  Upton,  and  Tonlbn's  edition  in  iZ'iS,  have  filently  ad- 
mitted they  into  the  text.  As  the  word  is  jjrinted  theyr,  in  the 
flrU  edition,  with  the  y,  it  is  not  improbable  that  it  was  an  un- 
perceived  errour  of  the  prefs  for  they  ;  unlefs  we  may  fuppofe 
lliat  the  poet  mtended  their  Jhire  to  fignify  the  guards  or  gar- 
rijhii  of  this  place,  "  who  fear'd  nought  that  fortilage  to  win, 
except  IViJ'edojnes  poTJcre,  &c."     Todd. 

XLIII.  8.     the  gate]      If  the  reader  will  take  the 

trouble,  or  pleafure,  to  compare  the  defcription  which  TalVo 
has  given  of  the  palace  of  Armida,  he  will  fee  how,  in  many 
particulars,  our  poet  borrows,  and  how  he  varies.  The  gates 
(fays  the  Italian  poet)  were  of  filver,  on  which  were  wrought 
ihe  ftories  of  Hercules  and  lole,  of  Antony  and  Cleopatra. 
Spenfer  defcribes  the  expedition  of  Jafun,  and  his  amours  with 
Medea,  Here  was  dcfcribed  likewife  the  murdered  Abfyrtes, 
whom  his  fiftcr  Medea  tore  limb  from  limb,  and  fcattered  them 
in  various  places,  that  her  father  might  be  ftopt  in  his  purfuit 
after  her,  whilft  he  was  employed  in  gathering  the  mangled  and 


CANTO  Xir.         THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  S05 

XLIV. 

Yt  framed  was  of  precious  jvory, 

That  feemd  a  worke  of  admirable  witt ; 

And  therein  all  the  famous  hiftory 

Of  lafon  and  Medoea  was  ywritt ; 

Her  mighty  charmes,  her  furious  loving  fitt; 

His  goodly  conqueft  of  the  golden  fleece. 

His  falfed  fayth,  and  love  too  lightly  flitt ; 

The  wondred  Argo,  which  in  venturous  peece 

Firft  through  the  Euxine  feas  bore  all  the  flowr 
of  Greece. 


difperfed  limbs  of  his  fon.     This  ftory  he  alludes  to,  by  the  boys 
blood  therein  fprcnt ;  and  not  to  her  murdering  her  own  fons  ; 
■whom  likevvile  (he  flew,  when  with  her  enchanted  prelent  fhe 
burnt  her  rival  Creufa.     This  prefent  was,  as  fome  lay,  a  nup- 
tial crown ;  others,  a  wedding  robe :  "  Coronam  ex  venenis," 
Hyginus  tab.  xxv.  T>?  7ap.a/x8H)  -Tr/wAov  ^/.i^jixy^ivov  ^a^i^xxu  £7rf/x4'i, 
fays  Apollodorus,  Lib.  i.    And  Horat.  Epod.  v.     This  will  ex- 
plain our  poet  in  his  difficult  manner  of  expreffing  himfelf, 
"  And  otherwhiles  with  gold  bel'prinkeled 
"  Yt  feemd  th'  enchanted  flame,  which  did  Creiifa  wed :" 
In  other  places  the  ivory  was  fo  mixed  and  befprinkled  with 
tlie  gold,  that  it  feemed  like  the  very  enchanted  flames,  whick 
did  wed,  as   it  were,  Creufa.     The  enchanted  robe,  fent  to  her 
on  her  wedding  day,   burnt  her  and   her  palace :  lb   that  the 
Jlames^  and  not  Jalbn,  did  wed  her.     Upton. 

It  may  be  mentioned  that  Spenfer,  in  here  introducing  the 
ftory  of  Jafon  and  iNIedea,  had  probably  his  eye  on  Petrarch's 
Trionfo  d'  Amore,  cap.  i. 

"  Quell'  e  Giafon,  e  quell'  altr'  h  Medea, 
"  Ch'  Amor  e  lui  fegui  per  tante  ville : 

*'  E  quanto  al  padre  ed  al  fratel  fu  rea, 
"  Tanto  al  fuo  amante  piu  turbata  e  fella, 
"  Che  del  fuo  amor  &c."     Todd. 
XLIV.  8. peece]     Cajlle.    Ships  an- 
ciently were  fo  called.     Church.  -a 
See  alfo  Partheneia  Sacra,  l633,  p.  245.     The  xxi.  Symbol, 
.the  Ship.     "  It  is  a  floating  Ctijlle  &c."    Todd. 


206  THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.     BOOK  II. 

XLV. 

Ye  might  have  feene  the  frothy  billowes  fry 
Under  the  fhip  as  thorough  them  (lie  went, 
That  feemd  the  waves  were  into  yvory. 
Or  yvory  into  the  waves  were  fent ; 
And  otherwhere  the  fnowy  fubftaunce  fprent 
With  vermeil,  like  the  boyes  blood  therein 

ibed, 
A  piteous  fpe6lacle  did  reprefent ; 
And  otherwhiles  with  gold  befprinkeled 

Yt    feemd  th'    enchaunted  flame,  which    did 

Creufa  wed. 

XLVI. 

All  this  and  more  might  in  that  goodly  gate 
Be  red,  that  ever  open  ftood  to  all 
Which  thether  came  :  but  in  the  porch  there 

fate 
A  comely  perfonage  of  flature  tall, 
And  femblaunce  pleafmg,  more  then  naturall, 
That  traveilers  to  him  feemd  to  entize ; 
His  loofer  garment  to  the  ground  did  fall, 
And  flew  about  his  heeles  in  wanton  wize. 

Not  fitt  for  fpeedy  pace  or  manly  exercize. 

XLV.  1.  Ye  might  have  feene  Sec]  Milton  has  this  very 
expreffion,  with  the  very  fame  figure,  in  his  defcription  of  the 
Fool's  Paradife,  Par.  L.  B.  iii.  489-  It  is  the  fame  manner  of 
addrefs  as  Virgil  ufes,  "  Migrantes  cernas,"  BLn.  iv.  401. 
"  Credas  innare,"  jEn.  viii,  685.     Upton. 

XLV.  5. fprent]    Sprinkled  or  fpread 

over.     See  the  note  on  fprerit,  F.  Q.  iv.  ii.  18.     Todd. 

XLV.  8.  ^n(/ otherwhiles]  So  all  the  editious.  I  think  it 
fliould  be  otherwhere,  as  in  line  5th,     Chuuch. 


CANTO  XII.         THE  FAERIE  QUEENE,  207 

XLVII. 

They  in  that  place  him  Genius  did  call : 
Not  that  celeftiall  Powre,  to  whom  the  care 
Of  hfe,  and  generation  of  all 
That  Uves,  perteines  in  charge  particulare, 
Who  wondrous  things  concerning  our  welfare, 
And   ftraunge  phantomes   doth   lett  us  ofte 

foreiee, 
And  ofte  of  fecret  ills  bids  us  beware : 


XLVII.  1.     They  in  that  place  him  Genius  did  call: 

Not  that  celeftiall  Powre,  to  whom  the  care 
Of  life,  and  generation  of  all 
That  lives,  perteines  in  charge  particulare. 
Who  wondrous  things  concerning  our  welfare, 
And  ftraunge  phantomes  does  left  its  ofte  forefee, 
&c.]     Thefe  lines  may  be  further  illuftrated,  as  they  are  pro- 
bably  drawn,    from   the  following  pafTage  in   Natalis  Comes. 
4.  3.'  "  Diftus  eft  autem  Genius,  ut  placuit  Latinis,  a  gignendo, 
vel  quia  uobifcum  gignatur,  vel  quia  illi  procreandorum  cura 
divinitus  commiffa  putaretur.     Hie  creditur  nobis  clam  nunc 
fuadens,  nunc  diffuadens,  univerfam  vitam  noftram  gubernare. 
Nam  exiftimantur  Genii  Dzemones  rerum,  quas  voluerint  nobis 
perfuadere,  fpedra  et  imagines  fibi  tanquam  in  fpeculo  impri- 
mere,  quodcunque  illis   facillimum  fit.     In  quae  fpedra  cum 
anima  noftra  clam  refpexerit,  ilia  fibi  veniunt  in  mentem,  quae 
fi  ratione  perpendantur,  turn  reda   fit  animi   deliberalio :  at 
fiquis,  pofthabita  ratione,  malorum  fpedtrorum  et  viforum  dudu 
feratur,  ille  in  multos  errores  incurrat  necefie  eft,  fi  fpedra  fu- 
erint  prascipue  a  malignis  dsemonibus  oblata."     That  the  firft 
Genius  here  mentioned  was  likewife  called  Agdiftes,  we  learn 
from  the  fame  author,  ibid.   "  Quem  poftea  Agdijlem  appella- 
runt."     The  ceremony  of  offering  flowers  and  wine  to  the  Ge- 
nius,  exprefled  in  ft.  49,  is  found  in  Horace,  Epiji.  ii.  ii.  143. 

"  piabant 

"  Floribus  et  vino  Genium  memorem  brevis  asvi." 
The  Genius,  fpoken  of  in  F.  Q.  iii.  vi.  31,   feems  to  be  that 
which  is  reprefented  in  the  Picture  of  the  fophift  Cebes.     See 
the  note  on  the  paflage.     T.  WARTOJf, 


i08  THE    FAERIE    QUEENE.  BOOK  IL 

That  is  our  Selfe,  whom  though  we  do  not  fee, 
Yet  each  doth  in  himfelfe  it  well  perceive  to  bee : 

XLVIII. 
Therefore  a  god  him  iiige  Antiquity 

Did  wifely  make,  and  o-ood  Aiidiftes  call : 
But  this  fame  was  to  that  quite  contrary. 
The  foe  of  life,  that  good  envyes  to  all, 
That  fecretly  doth  us  procure  to  fall 
Through  guilefull  femblants,  which  he  makes 

us  fee: 
He  of  this  Cardin  had  the  govcrnall, 
And  Pleafures  Porter  was  devizd  to  bee, 

Holding  a  Itaffe  in  hand  for  more  formalitee. 

XLIX. 
^\  ith  diverfe  flow^'cs  he  daintily  was  deckt, 
And  itrowed  rownd  about;  and  by  his  tide 

4/ 

A  mio;hty  mazer  bowle  of  wine  was  fett, 
As  if  it  had  to  him  bene  facrifide ; 
AV  herewith  all  new-come  guefts  he  gratyfide  : 
So  did  he  eke  Sir  Guyon  pafling  by; 
But  he  his  ydle  curtefie  delide. 


XL\'II.  S.     our  Se/fc,]     Our  Soul.     Ciiukch. 

XLyill.  3.      But  this  fame  tS:c.]      Bui  tl)is  other  wasj  an  evil 
Genius,  and  ill  Daemon,  Aaj/ixw*  y.a.Mi;,  Axij/mv  mpo?.     A  Omiun 
of  the  Place,  and  proper  to  the  place.     See  Virg.  JEh.  v,  yS. 
"  Incertus  goikniuie  loci,  famulumne  parentis 

*'   Eflc  putet." 

See  alfo  JJit.  vii.  136".  Ancient  infcriptions  frequently  mention 
the  Genius  of  the  place;  or  the  tutelar  Genius,  &c.  See  Gruter, 
p.  105.     Uptox. 

XLVIII.  7.     \ —  this  Gardiii]     The   fecond  edition, 

and  the  edition  of  17.51,  Corruptly  read  "  Im  Gardin."  Tod  p. 


CAXTO  Xir.       THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  209 

And  overthrew  his  bowle  diCdauifuIh^ 
And  broke  his  ftaiFe,  with  wliich  he  charmed 
femblants  fly- 

Thus  being  entred,  they  behold  arownd 
A  large  and  Ipacious  plaine,  on  every  hde 

XLIX.  8.  A/id  overthrew  his  bowle  &c.]  If  the  reader,  JNIr. 
Upton  obferves,  will  compare  tliis  canto  with  INIilton's  Muflc, 
he  will  plainly  perceive  that  Milton  has  enriched  his  poem 
with  many  borrowed  ornaments  :  The  attendant  Spirit  being 
the  good  Genius;  the  enchanter  Comas  and  his  disfigured 
crew,  the  reprefeutatives  of  GryJlus  ;  and  the  brothers  pof- 
feffed  of  Hajmony,  the  Palmer  with  his  virtuous  ftafF.  See  alfo 
Mr.  Warton's  note  on  Comvs,  \\  81.'>.  Both  poets,  however, 
have  founded  their  tales  on  the  clajjkal  fable  of  Circe ;  and 
both  have  added,  to  that  foundation,  new  beauties  of  their  own. 
Circe,  and  her  enchantments,  appear  to  have  been  a  favourite 
theme,  fubfequent  to  the  age  of  Spenfer ;  for,  befides  Milton's 
adaptation  of  the  ftory,  VV.  Browne,  a  true  difciple  of  Spenfer, 
wrote  a  Mafic  on  the  lubjed,  about  tiie  year  1615  ;  and  I  have 
lately  feen  an  Italian  Paftoral  Drama  entitled  "  L'  Incanto  di 
Circe,  Fauola  Paftorale  del  Sig.  Pietro  Fido  da  Totlia.  In 
Ronciglione,   l6"3-t."     Todd. 

XLIX.  9. uith  which  he  char7ned  femblants  fly.] 

Either  Jly  is  here  ufed  adverbially  for  Jlijly,  cunningly  ;  with 
which  he  cunningljj  charmed,  i.  e.  conjured  up  phantoms  :  or 
"  femblants y/j,',"  and  "  guilefidl  femblants,"  ft.  -iS.  are  fyno- 
nimous  exprellions.     Chuuch. 

Perhapsy/j/  may  here  be  ufed,  as  in  F.  Q.  ii.  ix.  4:6.  for  thin, 
an  epithet  indeed  not  improper  for  unfubltantial  phantoms,  pr 
illufions.  Sli/  may  have  acquired  this  double  ufage  from  the 
employment  of  the  wordj'ubtle  or  fubtile,  which  may  be  found, 
to  mean  Jine  or  thin  as  well  as  aifi/iiiig  or  Jly.  In  like  manner 
fottite  and  fubtil  are  ufed  in  Italian  and  French.  Compare 
il.  81.  "A  fubtile  net."  So  Jonfon,  as  Mr.  Sympfon  has 
noticed,  in  his  Catiline,  A.  ii.  S.  iii.  "  Quite  through  our fubtle 
lips,"  i.  e.  thin,  Jine.     Todd. 

L.  1.     Thus  being  entred,  they  behold  arownd 

A  large  and  fpacious  plaine,  &c.]   Let  the  reader  com- 
pare this  and  the  next  ftanza  with  TaflTo,  G.  xv.  53,  54. 

Urtqn. 

VOL.  IV,  P 


210  THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  BOOK  II. 

Strowed  with  pleaiauns  ;  m  hofe  fayre  grafly 

«;rown(l 
^Mantled  with  greene,  and  goodly  beautifide 
With  all  the  ornaments  of  Floracs  pride, 
Wherewith  her  mother  Art,  as  halfe  in  fcorne 
Of  niggard  Nature,  like  a  pompous  bride 
Did  decke  her,  and  too  laviilily  adorne. 
When  forth  from  virii-in  bowre  ihe  comes  in  th* 

early  morne. 

.     LI. 
Thereto  the  heavens  alwayes  joviall 
.    Lookte  on  them  lovely,  (till  in  ftedfaft  ftate, 
■    Ne  fuffred  ftorme  nor  froft  on  them  to  fall 
Their  tender  buds  or  leaves  to  violate  ; 
Nor  fcorching  heat,  nor  cold  intemperate, 

;    L.  +,     Mantled  with  greene,  &c.]     Iriftead  of  was  mantled 
according;  to  the  poet's  cuftotn.     Jortin. 
Might  it  not  be, 

"  whofe  fayre  grafTy  grownd, 

*'  Mantled  with  grccne,  was  goodly  beautifide." 
So  in  F.  Q.  iii.  i.  20. 

'*  But  faire  before  the  gate  a  fpatious  playne, 

**  Mantled  ivilh  greene,  it  felfe  did  fpredden  wyde." 

Church. 
LI.  1.  Thereto]  This  is  the  reading  of  the  fecond  edition, 
vhich  every  fubfequent  edition  has  followed  except  thofe  of 
iir.  Upton's  and  Toiifon's  in  1758,  which  read,  with  the  firft 
edition,  TkereiLith.  Mr.  Upton,  however,  acitnowledges  in  a 
note  the  preference  due  to  Thereto.     Todd. 

Ibid-     • joviall]     Cheerful,  joyouSy 

under  the  afped  of  the  planet  Jupiter.     See  Skinner. 

Church. 
S[^nfer,  by  the  joviall  heavens,  means  to  e.xprefs  the  pure 
and  delightful  (ky  of  Talfo,  C.  xv.  9. 
"  E  d'un  dolce  feren  dirtufo  ride 
"  II  ciel,  che  fe  piil  chiaro  unqua  non  vide."    Todd. 


CANTO  Xir.       THE  FAERIE  QUEEN*E.  211 

T'  afflicl  the    creatures  which  therein    did 

dwell ; 
But  the  milde  ajre  with  feafon  t-noderate 
Gently  attempred,  and  difpoid  lb  well, 
That  ftill   it  breathed   forth  fweet   fpirit  and 
holefom  fmell : 

LII. 
More  fweet  and  holefome  then  the  pleafaunt  hill 
Of  Rhodope,  on  which  the  niniphe,  that  bore 
A  gyaunt  babe,  herfelfe  for  griefe  did  kill ; 
Or  the  Thefialian  Tempe,  where  of  yore 
Fayre  Daphne  Phoebus  hart  with  love  did 
gore  ; 


LI.  7-     But  the  milde  ayrc  &c.]    So  Chaucer,  in  the  Ajjemhte 
of  Foivles,  ver.  204'. 

"  The  air  of  the  place  fo  attempre  was, 
*'  That  nether  was  ther  grevance  of  hot  ne  cold, 
'*  There  was  eke  every  holefome  fpice  and  gras, 
"  Ne  no  man  may  there  waxe  ficke  ne  olde." 
As  a  proof  of  the  imitation,  it  may  be  obferved,  that  Spenfer 
has  not  only  here  borrowed  fome  of  Chaucer's  thoughts,  but 
fome  of  his  words.     He  might  neverthelefs,  have  fouie  pall  ages 
in  the  clallicks  in  his  eye,  cited  by  Dr.  Jortin  ;  particularly  a 
beautiful  defcription  in  Lucretius,  L.  iii.  18,  &c. 

T.  Warton. 
LII.  1.     Moreficeet  and  holefome  then  the  plea/aunt  hill 

Of  Rhodope,  on  xi/iich  the  niniphc,  >S:c.]  iSIethinks 
he  ftiould  not  have  fingled  out  Rhodope,  a  mountain  of  Thrace, 
as  an  agreeable  place.  The  ancients  are  againft  him.  Jortix. 
Not  Rhodope  the  hiftorical ;  but  the  poetical  Rhodope,  when 
Orpheus  fung  upon  its  head,  and  made  all  the  trees  of  the 
creation  to  repair  to  his  enchanting  lyre.  Such  R.hodope  as 
is  defcribed  by  Ovid,  Met.  x.  86,  &c.  On  which  hill  (fays 
Spenfer)  the  nymph,  that  bore  a  giant  babe,  killed  herfelf  for 
grief.  The  ftory  is  told  by  Plutarch,  De  Fhr^iiSy  p.  23,  and 
alluded  to  by  Ovid,  Met.  vL  8".     Upton. 

r>  9. 


2112  TUE    FAEKIE    QDEENE.  BOOK  II» 

Or  Ida,  \vherc  the  gods  iov'd  to  repayre, 
A\  henevcr  they  their  heavenly  bowres  forlore ; 
Or  Tweet  Parnaille,  the  haunt  of  Mules  fayre  ; 
Or  Eden  felfe,  if  ought  with  Eden  mote  corn- 
pay  re. 

Liir. 

Much  wondred  Guyon  at  the  fayre  afpc6t 
Of  that  fweet  place,  yet  fulFred  no  delight 
To  lincke  into  his  fence,  nor  mind  affe6l ; 
l>ut  palKed  forth,  and  lookt  full  forward  right, 
Brydling  his  will  and  mayflering  his  might: 
Till  that  he  came  unto  another  gate  ; 
iS'o  gate,  but  like  one,  being  goodly  dight 
A\  ith  bowes  and  braunches,  which  did  broad 

...       dilate 

Their  clafping  amies  in  wanton  wreathings  in- 
tricate : 

LIV. 

So  falhioned  a  porch  with  rare  device, 
i\rcht  over  head  with  an  embracing  vine, 

LII.  9.  Or  Eden  felfe,  if  ought]  So  the  fiift  edition  reads^ 
to  wliich  the  editions  ot  17.)1,  of  Church,  Upton,  and  Tonfon's 
in  175s,,  rightly  adhere.  The  iecond  edition,  by  an  errour  of 
the  prefis,  omitted  ftlje.  The  firft  foHo  therefore  gave,  by 
conjedure, 

"  Or  Eden,  if  tfiat  ought  &c." 
The  other  foUos  and  Hughes  read  the  fame,     Todd. 

I  All.  4. and  lookt  Jlill  forward  right,] 

Boethiiis,  Metr.  iv. 

"  Fortunamque  tuens  utramque  rectus 
"  Inviclum  potuit  tenere  vultum."     Upton. 
LIV.  2.  Archt  oier/iead  uith  an  embracing  vine,  &c.]     Com- 
n.ire  this  with-  the  defcription  of  Calypfo's  grotto  in  Homer's 
Odvllev.     Uptox.  .  « 


CANTO  Xir.       THE  FAERlE  QUEENE.  213 

Whofe  bounches  hanging  dovvne  feemd  to 

entice 
All  paflers-by  to  tafte  their  lufliious  wine. 
And  did  themfelves  into  their  hands  incline. 
As  freely  offering  to  be  gathered  ; 
Some  deepe  empurpled  as  the  hjacine, 
Some  as  the  rubine  laughing  fweetely  red, 

Some  like  faire  emeraudes,  not  yet  well  ripened  : 

LV. 
And  them  amongft  Ibme  were  of  burniflit  gold, 
So  made  by  art  to  beautify  the  rell, 
Which   did   themfelves  emongfl  the   leaves 

enfold, 
As  lurking  from  the  vew  of  covetous  gueft. 
That  the  weake  boughes  with  fo  rich  load 

oppreft 
Did  bow  adowne  as  overburdened. 
Under  that  porch  a  comely  Dame  did  reft 

LIV.  5. incline,]     Bend  dotcn. 

Lat.  in  dino.     C  h  u  u  c  h  . 

LIV.  6\  As  freely  of ering  to  be  gathered  ;'\  So  Milton,  (but 
with  fuperiour  elegance,)  defcribes  the  fruits  of  Piiradife, 
Far.  L.  B.  iv.  332. 

"  Nectarine  fruits,  which  the  compliant  boughs 
"  Yielded  them."     Todd, 

LIV.  7. . hyacine,]    This  is  the 

reading  of  the  fecond  folio,  which  the  fubfequent  folio  has  alfo 
adopted,  and  to  which  the  editions  of  Church,  Upton,  and 
Tonfon's  in  1758,  conform.  Spenfer's  own  editions,  and  the 
reft,  read  hi/aci/it ;  but,  as  INlr.  Church  has  obferved,  there 
can  be  no  doubt  that  the  poet  wrote  hi/acine  fur  the  fake  of  the 
rhyme,  as  in  another  place  he  writes  hyacind  for  the  fame 
reafon,  F.  Q.  iii.  xi.  37.     Todd. 

LV.  7.     Under   that  porch   a  comehj  Darnel     Obfeive    the 

p  3 


Cl-i-  THE    FAERIE    QUEENE.  BOOK  II, 

Clad  in  favre  weedes  but  fowle  difordered, 
And   garments   loofe   that  feemd   unmeet  for 
womanhed : 

LVI. 

In  her  left  hand  a  cup  of  gold  llie  held, 

And  with  her  right  the  riper  fruit  did  reach, 
AVhofe  fappv  liquor,  that  with  fulnefle  fweld. 
Into  her  cup  llie  fcruzd  with  daintie  breach 
Of  her  fine  fingers,  without  fowle  empeach. 
That  fo  faire  wineprelTe  made  the  wine  more 

fweet : 
Thereof  Ihe  ufd  to  give  to  drinke  to  each, 
AVhom  paffing  by  Ihe  happened  to  meet : 

It  was  her  guife  all  Itraungers  goodly  fo  to  greet. 

LVIl. 

So  (lie  to  Guyon  oflfred  it  to  tad; 

fufppnfe:  you  are  told  who  this  dame  is,  in  ft.  58.  "  Whereat 
Exxejj'e."  Perhaps  he  had  this  pidiire  from  Cebes ;  'Attcctvi  is 
placed  near  the  porch  where  mankind  enter  into  life :  vav'kci.a- 

Thereof  Jlic  ns'd  to  give  to  drink  to  each  ■whum  paffing  bi/Jhe  hap- 
pened tu  meet :   ra?  haitofivofi.ivtui  h<;  tov  Q'lov  'Bruri^n  rn  e«fT«?  Svyxfrn. 

Upton. 

LVI.  -}•. daintie]    Delicate.  See 

ft.  6"3,  and  ft.  70.     See  alfo  F.  Q.  iii.  xii.  7.     Ciicucn. 

LVI.  .3. finej     Taper,  thin.     See  F.  Q.  i.  iv.  21. 

The  daintie  breach  of  her  Jincjingers  is  very  happily  expreffed. 
INIilton  could  not  forget  this  elegant  paiiage.  See  Par.  L. 
B.  V.  34-t. 

"  for  drink  the  grape 

"  She  cruflies,  iuotVenfive  muft,  and  meaths 
"  From  many  a  berry,  and  from  fweet  kernels  prefs'd 
"  She  tempers  dulcet  creams  — " 
The  judicious  reader  will  admire  the  maftcrly  ftrokcs  in  each 
of  thefe  fine  pictures.    Cixuucu. 


CANTO  XII.       THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  215 

Who,  taking  it  out  of  her  tender  bond. 
The  cup  to  ground  did  violently  caft. 
That  all  in  peeces  it  was  broken  fond. 
And  with  the  liquor  Itained  all  the  lond : 
Whereat  Exceffe  exceedinly  was  wroth, 
Yet  no'te  the  fame  amend,  ne  yet  withftond. 
But  fufFered  him  to  paffe,  all  were  flie  loth  ; 
AVho,  nought  regarding  her  difpleafure,  forward 

goth. 

LVIII. 
There  the  mofl  daintie  paradife  on  ground 
Itfelfe  doth  offer  to  his  fober  eye, 

LVII.  9.     nought  regarding]    So  the  firft  edition  reads, 

■which  the  editions  of  1751,  of  Church,  Upton,  and  Tonfon's  in 
1758,  follow.     The  reft  read,  "  nut  regarding."     Tonn. 

LVIII,  1 .  There  the  inojl  daintie  paradife  &c.]  The  beauties 
of  this  enchanted  ifland  rife  upon  your  ideas,  according  to 
their  various  compartments  or  divifions :  This  is  Paradife  ; 
fuch  as  Milton  defcribes,  Par.  L.  B.  iv.  214,  &c.  The  gardens 
of  Venus,  as  defcribed  by  Claudian,  Nnpt.  Hon.  8f  Marice,  ver. 
4-(),  &c.  The  gardens  of  Alcinous,  by  Horn.  Od.  i.  112.  But 
above  all  the  garden  of  Armida,  as  defcribed  by  Taflb, 
C.  xvi.  9,  &c. 

"  In  lieto  afpetto  il  bel  giardin  s'aperfe  &:c." 
Here  was  all  that  variety,  which  ronftitutes   the  nature  of 
beauty :   hill  and  dale,  lawns  and  cryftall  rivers,  &c. 

"  And,  that  which  all  faire  works  doth  moft  aggrace, 

"  The  art,  which  all  that  wrought,  appeared  in  no  place." 
NYhich  is  literally  from  Tallo,  C.  xvi.  9. 

"  E  quel,  che'l  bello,  e'l  caro  accrefce  a  1'  opre, 

"  L'arte,  che  tutto  fa,  nulla  h  fcopre." 
The  next  Itanza  is  likewife  tranflated  from  Taflb,  C.  xvi.  10. 
And,  if  the  reader  likes  the  comparing  of  the  copy  with  the 
original,  he  may  fee  many  other  beauties  borrowed  from  the 
Italian  poet.  In  ft,  6'0,  the  fountain,  and  the  two  bathing 
damfels,  are  taken  from  Talfo,  C.  xv.  ft.  55,  &c.  which  he 
cnWs,  II  f ante  del  rifo.     Upton. 

p  4 


Cl6  THE  FAEillE  QUEEXE.  BOOK  II. 

In  which  all  pleafures  plenteouil}'  abownd, 
And  none  does  others  happinelie  envye ; 
Thepainied  tiowres ;  the  trees  uplliootnighye; 
The  dales  for  lliade ;  the  hillts  for  breathing 

fpace ; 
The  trembling  groves;  the  chriftall  running 

And,  that  which  all  faire  workes  doth  moft 
aggrace. 
The  art,  which  all  that  wrought,  appeared  in  no 

place, 

LIX. 
One  would  have  thought,  (fo  cunningly  the  rude 
And  fcorned  partes  were  mingled  with  the 

fine,) 
That  Nature  had  for  wantonefTe  enfude 
Art,  and  that  Art  at  Nature  did  repine; 
So  ftrivjng  each  th'  other  to  undermine, 
Each  did  the  others  worke  more  beautify  ; 
So  diff'ring  both  in  willes  agreed  in  fine : 
So  all  agreed,  through  fueete  diverfity, 

This  Gardm  to  adorne  with  all  variety. 

LX. 
And  in  the  midft  of  all  a  fountaine  ftood, 

LX.  1.  Jnd  in  the  midjl  of  all  afountahtcjlood,  &c.]  Hardly 
^ny  thing  is  deicribed  -with  greater  pomp  and  magnificence 
than  arlificial  fountains  in  roniance.  See  a  glorious  one  in 
Ariofto,  C.  xlii.  91.  Fountains  were  a  common  ornament  of 
gardens  in  Spenfer's  age  ;  and  were  often  finely  decorated  with 
ftatues,  devices,  and  other  cofrly  furniture,  like  this  in  the 
BQwre  (^  BUjJ'c.    I  think,  they  are  mentioned,  as  very  fumptuous 


CANTO  XII.       THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  217 

Of  richeft  fubftance  that  on  earth  might  bee, 
So  pure  and  Ihiny  that  the  lilver  flood 
Through  every  channell  running  one  might 

fee ; 
]\Io(l;  goodly  it  with  curious  ymageree 
Was  over-\vrought,and  lliapes  of  naked  boyes. 
Of  which  fome  feemd  with  lively  iollitee 
To  fly  about,  playing  their  wanton  toyes, 
Whyleft  others  did  themfelves  embay  in  li(^uid 

ioyes. 


by  Hentznerus,  in  the  gardens  of  Noncfuch.  See  his  Itinera- 
riuf/i,  &CC.  8vo.  Noribergje,  162^,  p.  228.  The  Tour  through 
England  was  performed,  in  15^)8.  It  begins  p.  108.  See  alfo 
Camden's  Brit,  in  Suirej/.  Bacon  has  left  diredtions  about 
them  in  his  Essay  on  Gardens.  "  Fountains  I  intend  of 
two  natures.  For  the  firil,  the  ornaments  of  images  gilt,  or 
of  marble,  ■which  are  in  vfe,  do  well.  As  for  the  other  kind  of 
founfaine,  which  we  may  call  a  bathing  poule,  it  may  admit 
much  curiofity  and  beauty  : — As  that  the  bottom  be  finely 
paved,  and  with  images  :  the  fides  likewife,  and  withal  em- 
beliilhed  with  coloured  glalVe,  and  fuch  things  of  lufire;  en- 
compalfed  alfo  with  fine  railes  of  low  ftatues."  EJ'.  xlvi. 
Compare  this  and  the  62d  ftanza.     T.  Wakton. 

EX.  5. nit/i  cvir'ious  pnageree]    Here  the 

folios  have  unwarrantably  altered  the  poet's  expreflion  into 
"  with  pure  imageree,"  as  if  imagcree  could  not  be  pronounced 
as  a  trilyllable.  They  have  nviiled  only  Hughes  in  his  firft 
edition.     Todd. 

EX.  9- embay]     In  its  primary  fenfe, 

lathe  ;  in  its  metaphorical  delight  or  cherijh,  as  in  F.  Q.  i.  ix. 
13,  ii.  viii.  55,  iii.  vi.  /.  It  is  compounded  of  em  and  l>ai/; 
and  (ja^  is  ufed  ior  bathe  in  F.  Q.  i.  vii.  3,  The  expreflion  here 
then  is  parallel  to  "  bathed  in  wanton  blis,"  F.  Q.  i.  i.  47,  (a 
common  phrafe  in  our  old  poetry,)  where  fee  the  note.  And, 
as  Sptnfer  has  thus  introduced  ewhaij,  Milton  has  in  like 
manner  employed  embathe  or  itnbaihe,  Prole- W.  vol.  i.  2. 
*'  Methiiikes  a  fovran  and  reviving  joy  muft  needs  rufli  into 
the  bofom  of  him  that  reads  or  hears ;  and  the  fweet  odour  of 


218  THE  FAEllIE  QUEENE.  BOOK  II, 

LXI. 

And  over  all  of  pureft  gold  was  fpred 
A  trayle  of  y  vie  in  his  native  hew ; 
For  the  rich  me  tall  was  fo  coloured. 
That  wight,  who  did  not  well  avis'd  it  vew, 
Would  furely  deeme  it  to  bee  y  vie  trew : 
Low  his  lafcivious  armes  adown  did  creepe, 
That  themfelves  dipping  in  the  filver  dew 
Their  fleecy  flowres  they  fearefully  did  lleepe, 

Which  drops  of  chriftall  feemd  for  wantones  to 

weep. 

LXII. 
Infinit  flreames  continually  did  well 

Out  of  this  fountaine,  fweet  and  faire  to  fee, 
The  which  into  an  ample  laver  fell. 
And  fliortly  grew  to  fo  great  quantitie, 
That  like  a  litle  lake  it  feemd  to  bee ; 
Whofe  depth  exceeded  not  three  cubits  hight, 
That  through  the  waves  one  might  the  bottom 
fee, 


the  rr^turning  Gofpcl  hnhathe  liis  foul  with  the  fragrance  of 
jlcavtn."  Yet  imbathc  was  not  of  Milton's  coinage,  as  I  Lave 
Ihown  in  a  note  on  the  word  ni  Comits,  ver.  837.  Our  lexico- 
graphers, however,  have  given  no  place  to  this  admirable 
word,  fo  diftinguiflied  by  IVIilton's  employment  of  it,  in  their 
di(?Honaries.     Todd. 

1^X1.8. f/iei/ U'.arefuWy  did Jecpe,]    So  the 

/irft  edition  reads,  to  which  Mr.  Upton  and  Mr.  Church  has 
conformed.  The  fccond  and  every  other  fubfequent  edition 
read,  "  then  tendcrli/  &c."  But  the  original  reading  is  furely 
more  expreflive,  not  to  mention  the  alliteration,  of  which  the 
poet  was  fond.     Todd. 


CANTO  Xir.   THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  219 

All  pav'd  beneath  with  jafpar  ftiining  bright, 
That  feemd  the  fountaine  in  that  Tea  did  fayle 

upright. 

LXIII. 
And  all  the  margent  round  about  was  fett 
With  Ihadj  laurell  trees,  thence  to  defend 
The  funny  beames  which  on  the  billowes  bett, 
And  thole  which  therein  bathed  mote  offend. 
As  Guyon  hapned  by  the  fame  to  wend. 
Two  naked  Damzelles  he  therein  efpyde, 


rv 


<( 


Which  therein  bathino;  feemed  to  contend 


LXIII.  2. .  to  defend 

The  funny  beanies]  That  is,  to  keep  of.  Virg. 
Ed.  vii.  4-7  "  Solftitium  dej'cndere."  Horat.  i.  Od.  17. 
defendere  a^ftatem."  So  the  Italians  ufe,  difendere ;  the 
French,  defendre.  Chaucer  has  defended,  forbidden ;  And 
Milton,  Par.  L.  B.  xi.  86".  "  that  defended  fruit,"  i,  e.  forbidden. 

Upton. 
LXIII.  6.  Two  naked  Damzelles  &c.]  Camoens  has  repre- 
fented  his  bathing  nymphs  in  the  Ifle  of  Love  with  lefs 
licentioufnefs.  But  the  Lufiad  perhaps  had  not  been  at- 
tended to  by  Spenfer.  An  edition  of  it,  however,  had  been 
publKhed  in  1580.     Compare  C.  ix. 

72. 
"  Outros  por  outra  parte  vao  topar 
**  Com  as  Deofas  defpidas,  que  fe  levao. 
"  Ellas  conie^ao  fubito  a  nioitrar, 
"  Como  que  alfalto  tal  nao  efparavao  : 
"  Humas  fingindo  menos  eitimar 
"  A  vergonha,  que  a  for^a,  fe  lanpavao 
"  Nuas  por  entre  o  mato,  aos  olhos  dando 
"  O  que  as  maos  cobifofas  vao  negando. 

73. 
"  Outra  coma  acodindo  mais  deprefla 
"  Aa  vergonha  da  Deofa  cafadora, 
"  Efconde  o  corpo  n'  agoa,  outra  fe  appreifa 
"  Por  tomar  os  veftidos,  que  tern  fora."     Todd. 


ceo  THE  FAERIE  QUEEXE.  BOOK  II. 

And  wreftle  wantonly,  ne  car'd  to  hyde 

Their  dainty  partes  from  vew  of  any  which  them 

eyd. 

LXIV. 

Sometimes  the  one  would  lift  the  other  quight 
Above  the  waters,  and  then  downe  againe 
Her  plong,  as  over-mayftered  by  might, 
AVhere  both  awhile  would  covered  remaine. 
And  each  the  other  from  to  rife  reftraine ; 
The  whiles  their  fnowy  limbes,  as  through  a 

vele, 
So    through    the    chriftall   waves    appeared 

plaine : 
Then  fuddeinly  both  would  themfelves  unhele. 

And  th'  amorous  fweet  fpoiles  to  greedy  eyes 

re  vele. 

LXV. 

As  that  faire  ftarre,  the  meffenger  of  morne. 

His  deawy  face  out  of  the  fea  doth  reare : 

Or  as  the  Cyprian  goddeffe,  newly  borne 

LXI\'.  6.      The  "whiles  their  fiioxii/  limhcs,  as  through  a  vele, 
So   through  the  chrijlall  naves  appeared  plaine :^ 
From  Taflb,  C.  xv.  5.9. 

"  E'l  iago  a  I'altre  niembre  era  un  bel  velo." 
See  alfo  Mart.  Epigr.  xxii.  L.  iv. 

"  Sed  prodidit  unda  latentem  ; 

"  Lucebat  totis  quum  tegeretur  aquis."     Uptok. 

LXIV.  8. ^^ unhnle,]    Uncover. 

See  the  note  an  unheale,  F.  Q.  iv.  v.  10.     Todd. 

LXV".  1.  ^s  that /aire  Jarre,]  This  is  tranflated  from 
TalTo,  C.  XV.  60.  So  are  the  three  following  ftanzas.  Fairfax, 
in  his  tranflation,  had  plainly  Sppnfer  before  him,     Upton. 

LX\'.  .3.  Or  as  the  Cijprian  goddejj'c,  &c.]  AUndnig  to 
Venus  uyct^voi^hri.     See  Ovid,  Art.  Am.  iii.  224.     Joutin. 


CANTO  XTI.       THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  221 

.    Of  th'  ocean's  fruitfull  froth,  did  firil  appeare : 
Such  feemed  they,  and  fo  their  yellow  heare 
Chnftalline  humor  dropped  downe  apace. 
Whom  fuch  when  Guy  on  faw,  he  drew  him 

neare. 
And  fomewhat  gan  relent  his  earned  pace ; 

His  llubborne   breft  gan  fecret  pleafaunce  to 

embrace. 

LXVI. 
The  wanton  Maidens  him  efpying,  flood 
Gazins:  awhile  at  his  unwonted  o-uife; 
.    Then  th'  one  herfelfe  low  ducked  in  the  flood, 
Abaflit  that  her  a  ftraunger  did  avife : 
But  th'  other  rather  higher  did  arife. 
And  her  two  lilly  paps  aloft  difplayd. 
And  all,  that  might  his  melting  hart  entyfe 
To  her  delights,  ilie  unto  him  bewrayd ; 
The  reit,  hidd  underneath,  him  more  defirous 
made. 

LXVII. 
With  that  the  other  likewife  up  arofe, 

And  her  faire  lockes,  which  formerly  were 

bownd 
Up  in  one  knott,  flie  low  adowne  did  lofe, 

LXVII.  1.     With  that  the  other  likemfe  vp  arofe, 

And  her  faire  lockes,  &c.]     Tafib,  C.  xv.  6l. 
"  E  '1  crin,  che  'n  cinia  al  capo  hauea  raccolto 
"  In  un  fol  nodo,  immantinente  fciolle ; 
"  Che  lunghiffimo  in  giii  cadendo,  e  folto 
**  D'  un'  aureo  manto  i  molli  auori  inuolfe." 

J.  C.  Walker. 


222  THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.     BOOK  It. 

AVhicIi  flowing   long  and   thick  her  cloth'd 

arownd, 

And  th'  yvorie  in  golden  mantle  gownd : 

So  that  faire  ipeftacle  from  him  was  reft. 

Yet  that  which  reft  it  no  lefle  faire  was  fownd  : 

So  hidd  in  lockes  and  waves  from  lookers 

theft, 

Nought  but  her  lovely  face  flie  for  his  looking 

left. 

LXVIII. 

Wlthall  (lie  laughed,  and  flie  bluflit  withall, 

That  bluOiing   to   her  laughter  gave   more 

grace, 

And  laughter  to  her  blulhing,  as  did  fall. 

Now  when  they  fpyde  the  Knight  to  flacke 

his  pace 

Them  to  behold,  and  in  his  fparkling  face 

The  fecrete  fignes  of  kindled  luft  appeare, 

Their  wanton  merriments  they  did  encreace, 

And  to  him  beckned  to  approch  more  neare, 

And  iliewd  him  many  fights  that  corage  cold 

could  reare : 

LXIX. 
On  which  when  gazing  him  the  Palmer  faw. 
He  much  rebukt  thofe  wandring  eyes  of  his, 

LXVII.  5.     And  th'  yvorie  in  golden  mantle  go-j:iid:'\     So,  ia 
his  Epithalamion,  ft.  9« 

"  Her  long  loofe  yellow. lockes — 
"  Doe,  like  a  golden  mantle,  her  attire  :" 
Where  fee  Mr.  Wartou's  note.     'Iodd. 


CANTO  XII.       THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  223 

And  counfeld  well  him  forward  thence  did 

draw. 
Now  are  they  come  nigh  to  the  Bowre  of  Blis, 
Of  her  fond  favorites  fo  nam'd  amis ; 
When  thus  the  Palmer;  "  Now,  Sir,  well 

avife ; 
For  here  the  end  of  all  our  traveill  is : 
Here  wonnes  Acrafia,  whom  we  muft  furprife, 
Els  llie  will  flip  away,  and  all  our  drift  defpife." 

LXX. 

Eftfoones  they  heard  a  moft  melodious  found, 
Of  all  that  mote  delight  a  daintie  eare, 
Such  as  attonce  might  not  on  living  ground, 
Save  in  this  paradife,  be  heard  elfewhere : 
Right  hard  it  was  for  wight M'hich  did  it  hears, 
To  read  what  manner  muficke  that  mote  bee  ; 
For  all  that  pleafmg  is  to  living  eare 
Was  there  conforted  in  one  harmonee ; 

Birdes,  voices,  inftruments,  windes,  waters,  all 
agree : 

LXXT. 

The  ioyous  birdes,  flirouded  in  chearefull  ftiade, 
Their  notes  unto  the  voice  attempred  fweet; 
Th'  angelicall  foft  trembling  voyces  made 
To  th'  inftruments  divine  refpondence  meet»; 
The  filver-founding  inftruments  did  meet 
AVith  the  bafe  murmure  of  the  waters  fall ; 

LXXI.  I.     The  joyous  birdes,  &c.]   .  Let  the  reader  compare 
this  ftanza  with  TalTo,  C.  xvi.  12.     Uptox. 


224-  THE  FAF.RIE  QUEENE.  BOOK   If. 

The  waters  fall  with  difFerence  difcreet, 
Now  loft,  now  loud,  unto  the  wind  did  call ; 
The  gentle  warbling  wind  low  anivvered  to  all. 

LXXII, 

There,  whence  that  mulick  feemed  heard  to  bee, 
Was  the  faire  AVitch  herfelfe  now  folacing 
With  a  new  lover,  whom,  through  forceree 
And  ^\itchcraft,  Ihe  from  farre  did   tliL^her 

bring : 
There  (he  had  him  now  laid  a  flomberins: 
In  fecret  fhade  after  long  wanton  ioyes  ; 
AVhihl  round  about  them  pleafauntly  did  fmg 
Many  faire  ladies  and  lafcivious  boyes, 

That  ever  mixt  their  fonff  with  lipht  licentious 

toyes. 

LXXIII. 
And  all  that  while  right  over  him  Ihe  hong 
With  her  falle  eyes  fail  fixed  in  his  fight, 
As  feeking  medicine  whence  flie  was  iiong. 
Or  greedily  depafturing  delight ; 


LXXI.  9-  The  gentle  warbling  wind  low  anfwered  to  a//.]  So 
his  old  mafter  very  elegantly,  p.  415.  edit.  Urr. 

"  Therewith  a  winde,  unneth  it  might  be  leffe, 
"  Made  in  the  levis  grene  a  noile  foft, 
"  Accordant  to  the  foulis  fong  on  loft."     Church. 
LXXIII.  1.     Jnd  all  that  w/ii/e]     So  Spenfer's  own  editions 
read,   which  the  editions  of   i751,    of  Church,   and   Upton, 
follow.     The  folios,    Hughes,    and  Tonfon's   in    1758,    read, 
"  And  all  the  while."     Todd. 

LXXIII.  4.  Or  greedily  depajluriiig  delight  ;  &c.]  This 
pi(^ture  is  copied  from  Armida's  behaviour  to  Riualdo.  See 
Taflb,  C.  xiv.  66,  xvi.  17.     Compare  Lucret.  i.  37. 


CAXtO  Xil.  tllE   FAERIE  QUEEy£.  £2i 

And  oft  inclining  downe  with  kifles  lights 

For  feare  of  waking  hinij  his  lips  bedewd, 

And   throuo-h  his  humid  eyes  did  fucke  his 

Ipright, 

Quite  molten  into  lufi:  ahd  pleafure  le^vd  ; 

Wherewith    {he  lighed  ioft,  as  if  his  cafe   flie 

rewd. 

L\XIV. 

The  whiles  fome  one  did  chaunt  this  lovely  lay  J 

Ah  !  fee,  Khofo  fayre  thing  doeji  faine  tojee^ 

In  fpringing  flowre  the  image  of  thy  day  I 

Ah  !  fee  the  virgin  rofe,  how  Jkeeily  fliet 

"  Atque  ita  fufpiciens  tereti  cervice  repofta, 
"  Pa/'cit  ainore  avidus  inhians  in  te,  dea,  vifus.'* 
Depajiuri/ig  is   a  word  of  our  poet's  coining:  See  alfo  Taflb, 
C.  xvi.  ly.     "  E  i  famelici  fguardi  axidamcnte  In  lei  pafce7ido." 

L'PTO  V. 

LXXIV.  1.  The  ivhiles  fome  one  did  chaunt  <Scc.]  'I  lie  fol- 
lowing long  is  tranllated  from  TalFo,  C.  xvi.  14,  15,  where  he 
makes  a  ftrange  bird  fing  in  a  hucnan  voice.  Spenler  did  very 
right,  I  tliuik,  tb  leave  his  Italian  malter  in  this  circumftance. 

Uftov. 
While  Spenfer  was  writing  this  fweet  lay,  it  is  very  probable 
he  had  in  mind  the  following  ftanza  in  the  continuation  of  the 
Orlando  Innamorato  by   Nicolo    degli   Agoftini,   lib.   iv.   c.   7- 
Ven.  1576'. 

"  Ogni  dama  leggiadra,  adorna,  e  bella, 
"  ^Ji  come  rofa  iVelca,  e  colorita, 
*'  Che  fe  dal  fuito  I'uo  troncata  e  quella, 
"  Sdbitamente  ha  la  belta  fmarrita, 
*'  Pero  ben  ^  crudel,  malvagia,  e  fella, 
"  Ciii  perde  '1  tempo  di  l"ua  eta  fiorita : 
"  In  modo  che  diletto  non  apprezzi, 
*'  Anzi  che  morte  il  fuo  fatal  crih  fpc22i.*' 

J.  C.  Walker. 

LXXIV.  3.     the  image  of  thy   day  !]      The 

emblem  of  thy  life.     Church. 

VOL.  IV.  Q 


226  THE  FAEIHE  QUEENE.  BOOK  H. 

Doth  JirJ}  peepefoorfh  zcith  hajhfull  mocUJUet 

That  fairer  feemcs  the  Itjj'e  ye  see  her  may  ! 

Lo  I  fee  foone  after  hoic  more  bohl  and  free 

Her  bared  bofonie  Jhe  doth  broad  difplay ; 

Lo  !  fee  foone   after  hozp  Jhe  fades   and  falls 

away  ! 

LXXV. 

So  pajjcth^  in  the  paffing  of  a  day. 

Of  mortall  life  the  leafe,  the  bud,  theflowre; 

Ne  77wre  doth  florijh  after  firfl  deeay. 

That  earfi  loas  fought  to  deck  both  bed  and 

boure 

Of  many  a  lady  and  many  a  paramozcre  ! 

Gather  therefore  the  rofc  whilcjl  yet  is  primCy 

For  foone  comes  age   that  will  her  pride  de- 

Jioicre  : 

LXXV.  6.  Gather  tharfore  the  rofe  &cc..\  Taflb  has  been 
here  pointed  out.  See  Mr.  Upton's  note  on  the  lalt  llanza.  But 
Spenfer  probably  had  Ariofto  hkewife  in  view,  Oil.  Fur. 
C.  i.  5S.  ' 

"  Corro  la  frefca  e  mattutina  rofa, 

"  Che  turdando  Itagion  p«ider  potria,  &:c." 
And  thus  fpecioufly  the  enchanter  in  Milton's  .Malk,  ver.  7-^3, 

"  If  you  let  flip  time,  like  a  negledled  rofe 

"  It  withers  on  the  ftalk  &c." 
Spenfer's  alluring  words,  *'  While  loving  thou  mayft  loved  be 
uith  equall  crime,"  that  is,   as  Mr,  Upton  has  obferved,  "  be 
equally  loved  ;"  refenible  the  maxim  laid  down  by  Mofchus,  at 
the  conclufion  of  his  fixth  Idj/l,  more  than  'I'airo  C.  xvi.  15. 

The  clajjkal,  rather  than  the  romantick,  imitation  alfo  in  this 
ftanza  of  "  age  deflowering  the  pride  of  rofes,"  mult  n^t  be 
overlooked  ;  for  thus  Aufonius  : 

"  (^iiani  longa  una  dies,  aetas  tarn  longa  rofarum, 
*'  Quat  pubefceates  junda  fenecta  premit."     Todd- 


CAXTO  XII.         THE  FAERtE  QVEK^t,  9,27 

Gather  (he  rofe  of  love  whileft  yet  is  time<i 

Jlliiieji  loving  thou  Jtiayft  loved  be  with  eqicall 

crime, 

LXXVI. 

He  ceaft ;  and  then  gan  all  the  quire  of  birder 
Their  diverfe  notes  t'  attune  unto  his  lay, 
As  in  approvaunce  of  his  plealing  wordes. 
The  conltaiit  Pay  re  heard  all  that  he  did  fa}^ 
Yet  fwarved  not,  but  kept  their  forward  way 
Through  many   covert  groves  and  thickets 

clofe. 
In  which  they  creeping  did  at  laft  difplay 
That  wanton  Lady  with  her  lover  lofe, 

Whofe  fleepie    head    ibe  in    her   lap    did   foft 

diipofe. 

LXXVI  L 
Upon  a  bed  of  rofes  Ibe  was  layd, 

As  faint  through  heat,  or  dight  to  pleafant 

lin ; 
And  was  arayd,  or  rather  difarayd, 
All  in  a  vele  of  filke  and  filver  thin, 

LXXVI.  Af.  The  conftant  Pavre]  The  refolntc,  perfeva-ing 
companions.     Lat.  conjlans.     Church. 

LXXVI.  7.  Ill  zvhich  they  crcepivg  did  at  laji  difplay  &c.] 
I  wrote  in  the  margin  of  my  book  furcay  ;  as  Spenfer  would 
have  fpelt  it,  had  he  fo  written.  But  the  received  reading  is 
perhaps  right,  and  the  aftive  is  ufed  in  a  palUve  hgnification^ 
"  they  did  difplay"  i.  e.  they  had  difplaicd  before  their  eyes ; 
or  railier,  "  they  did  difplay"  each  to  the  other,  declared  oi 
flio-wed.     Upton. 

LXXVII.  3.     And  uas  arayd,  or  rather  difarayd, 

Alt  in  a  vele  6cc.]     The  reader  may  her*  com- 
pare Ariofto,  Orl,  Fur.  C.  vii.  28.     But  Spenfer  carries  faWA* 

Q  2 


CCS  THE  lALRIE  QUEENE.  BOOK   It. 

'J'hat  hill  no  wliit  her  alablalicr  ikin, 

But  rather  lliewd  more  Mhilc,  if  more  might 

bee : 

INIore  lubtile  web  Araehne  cannot  fpin ; 

•  Nor  the  fine  nets,  wliich  oft  we  woven  fee 

Of  fcorched    deaw,  do  not    in  th'  ayre  more 

hghtly  flee. 

LXXVIII. 

Her  fnowy  breft  was  bare  to  ready  fpoyle 

Of  hangry  eies,  which  note  therewith  be  fild ; 

And  yet,  through  languour  of  her  late  fweet 

toyle, 
Few  drops,    more  cieare   then  nc6tar,  forth 

diflild, 
That  like  pure  orient  perles  adowne  it  trild  ; 
And  her  faire  eves,  fweet  imylinir  in  deliiiht, 
Moyftened   their  fierie   beames,  with  which 

flie  tln-ild 

the  palm  for  ck-licacy;  and  alfo  exceeds  the  celebrated  de- 
Icription  of  a  lady,  thus  arrayed,  or  rather  difarrayed,  by  Apn- 
leius,  De  Afin.  Aur.  p.  '209.  a.  edit,  lieroald.  "  Nudo  et  intaclo 
corpore  perfectani  formoritateni  profefla,  nifi  quod  tcmii  pallio 
buiuhijciuo  inuiiibrabat  fpectabilem  pubem.  Quam  ciuideni  laci- 
niam  curiofulus  ventus,  fatis  amanter,  nunc  lafciviens  rcflabat, 
ut,  (iimota,  i)ateret  llos  ;x;latula3;  nunc  luxuriaiis  afpirabat,  ut, 
adhierens  prelfuli-,  niembrorum  voluptateui  grapliicu  laciuiaret." 
There  is  a  finiilar  defcription  in  Boccace's  Amorous  I'iamctta, 
edit.  1.5S7.  fol.  11.     Todd. 

LXW'lll.  6.     And  her  faire  ei/es, Jiccet fiiiylittg  in  delight, 
Muiijteiud  &c.]     See  Taflb,  C  xvi.  18. 
"  Qual  raggio  in  onda  le  fcintilla  uu  rife 
"   Ne  gli  humidi  occhi  treniulo  e  lafcivo." 
And  Ov.  Art.  Atn.  ii.  7 '21. 

"  Adfpicies  oculos  treniulo  fulgore  micantes, 
.         '     "   L't  Ibl  a  liquida  fajpe  refulget  aqua."     Upton. 


CAXTO  xrr.     the  faerie  queexe.  229 

Fmile  harts,  yet  quenched  not;  like  flarry 

liirht, 

AVhich,   IparckHng   on    the  filent  waves,   does 
feeme  more  brio;ht. 

LXXIX. 

The  young  man,  fleeping  by  her,  feemd  to  be 
Some  ii'oodly  fwayne  of  honorable  place ; 
That  certes  it  great  pitty  was  to  fee 
Him  liis  nobility  fo  fowle  deface : 
A  fweet  regard  and  amiable  grace. 
Mixed  with  manly  fternefle,  did  appeare, 
Yet  lleeping,  in  his  well-proportiond  face ; 

LXXVIII.  8. lihejlarry  light, 

Which,  fparkling  on  the  filent  waves,  doesfecm 
more  bright.]     Horace: 

*'   Ut  pura  uoclurno  renidet 
*'  Luna  mari." 
Silent  reaves,  uncht   noclurnae.     Silence  denotes    night'-time  or 
midnight  in  the  Latin  poets,  when  applied  to  the  -world,  moon, 
Jiar.s,  fed,  &c.     Tliough  perhaps  hy  filent  waves  Spenler  means 
(]uict,  not  violently  moved.     Joktin. 

Silent  waves  are Jii/l,  quiet  waters,  whofe  furface  is  not  ruffled 
with  winds.  So  \'irgil,  (whom  our  poet  feldoni  lofes  fight  of,) 
fpeaking  of  a  pleafant  and  commodious  harbour,  lays,  the  fea 
is  there  faj'e  and  filent,  i,  e.  unruffled  by  winds,  calm,  quiet,  .Ln. 
i.  l6'4    "  .Lquora  tuta  filent."     Church. 

LXXIX.  5.     Afxveet  regard  and  amiable  grace, 

Mixed  -with  manly  fiernef/e,  did  appeare,  Sec] 
This  is  the  very  picture  of  Theagenes  in  lleliodorus  ;  (but  the 
context  is  corrupted  ;)  "E^acrov  ai/.oc  )^  ycpyov  Trpoo-^XsVwi' — T>iv 
TracEtav  apn  ^ocv^co  ru  ksXo;  TTEftr^^wf'.  JLthwp.  L.  VU.  All  pottS 
(except  Milton)  are  fond  of  mentioning  the  firft  budding  and 
Ihow  of  a  beard,  the  firft  appearances  of  manhood,  as  an  inftance 
of  beauty.     Compare  Pacuvius, 

"  Nunc  primilm  opacat  flore  lanugo  genas." 
Aiid  Taflb,  C.  ix.  81. 

"  II  bel  mento  fpargea  de'  primi  fiori."     Upto"N. 

q3 


£30  THE    FAKRIE    QUEENE.  BOOK   II. 

And  on  his  tender  lips  the  downy  heare 
Did  now  but  iVelhly  fpring,  and  iilken  bloflbms 
beare. 

LXXX. 

His  warlike  amies,  the  ydle  inftruments 
Of  lleeping  praile,  were  hong  upon  a  tree ; 
And  his  brave  ihield,  full  of  old  moninients, 
Was  fowly  ras't,  that  none  the  fignes  might 

fee  ; 
Ke  for  them  ne  for  honour  cared  hee, 
Ne  ought  that  did  to  his  advauncement  tend ; 
But  in  lewd  loves,  and  waftfull  luxuree, 
His  dayes,  his  goods,  his  bodie  he  did  fpend: 

O  horrible  enchantment,  that  him  fo  did  blend  ! 

LXXX  I. 
The  noble  Elfe  and  carefull  Palmer  drew 
So  nigh  them,  minding  nought  but  luftfull 

game. 
That  fuddein  forth  they  on  them  rufht,  and 
threw 


LXXX.  1.  His  "warlike  arrnes,  hcJ]  The  idle  fword  of  Ri- 
naldo,  who  is  thus  enervated  by  debauchery,  is  noticed  in 
TalTo,  C.  xvi.  30.  But  Spenfer,  in  thisdefcriplion,  has  greatly 
improved  upon  the  Italian.     Todd. 

Ibid. . —  the  ydle  inftruments 

Of  Jleeping  praife,]      So   all  the  editions.     I   think 
Spenfer  gave  iniplemvnfs,  as  in  F.  Q.  vi.  ii.  39. 

"  But  'J  riftram  then  defpoyling  that  dead  Knight 
"  Of  all  thofe  goodly  implements  of-prayfe — ■" 
Where  feme  editions,  without  authority,  read  ornaments'. 

Ckuhcii* 


CANTO  XII.       THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  231 

A  fubtile  net,  which  only  for  that  fame 
The  fkilfuU  Palmer  formally  did  frame  : 
So  held  them  under  faft ;  the  whiles  the  reft 
Fled  all  away  for  feare  of  fowler  fhame. 
The  faire  EnchaiintrelTe,  fo  unwares  oppreft, 
Tryde  all  her  arts  and  all  her  fleights  thence 
out  to  wreft ; 

LXXXII. 

And  eke  her  lover  ftrove  ;  but  all  in  vaine : 

LXXXI.  4.  J  fubtile  net,  -which  onhj  &c.]  A  fubtle  net 
is  exprelTed  from  Ariofto,  fpeaking  of  the  giant  Caligorant,  who 
ufed  to  entrap  ftrangers  with  a  hidden  net,  Oil.  I'ur.  C.  xv.  4-4. 

"  Tanto  efotiil  tanto  egli  ben  I'adatta." 
And  ft.  56; 

'<  Havea  la  rete  gia  fatta  Vulcano 

"  D'lfuttil  fil  d'acciar,  ma  con  tal'  arte, 

"  Che  faria  (lata,  ogni  fatica  in  vano 

"  Per  ifmagliarne  la  piu  debil  parte, 

"  Et  era  quella,  che  gia  piedi  e  mano 

"  Uavea  legati  a  Venere  et  h.  IMarte ; 

"  La  fe  il  gelofo,  et  non  ad  altro  eftetto, 

"  Che  per  pigliarli  infieme  ambi  nel  letto." 
The  hiftory  of  this,/i/6^/e  net  is  as  follows:  "\'ulcan  made  it  to 
catch,  and  after  being  caught  to  expofe,  his  wife  and  Mars. 
Afterwards  Mercury  ftole  it  to  catch  his  miftrefs  Cloris  ;  he 
then  left  it  as  a  prefeut  to  be  hung  up  in  the  temple  of  Anubis : 
and  there  it  hung  till  Caligorant  the  giant  ftole  it.  Aftolfo 
having  defeated  the  giant,  caught  him  in  his  own  net,  and  took 
the  net  from  him.     Upton. 

Ibid. for  that  fame]     That  is,  for  that 

purpofe.  So  Spenfer's  firft  edition  reads,  and  is  followed  by 
Hughes's  fecond  edition,  as  alfo  by  thofe  of  1751,  of  Church, 
Upton,  and  'i  onfon's  in  1758.  The  reft  read,  lefs  perfpicu- 
oufly,  "  for  f^e  fame,"     Todd. 

LXXXI.  5. formally]     Perhaps  we  muft  read 

formerly,  heretofore.     But  if  we  keep   the  old  reading,   then 
fonvally  may  mean  according  to  form  or  method,  cunningly,  de- 
lignedly  ;  fecundum  formam,  modum,  et  artem  ;  formaliter. 

Uptoh. 
Hughes's  fecond  edition  red^As  formerly.     Churcu. 

Q  4 


23;  THE   lArUir   QUr.ENK.  BOOK   II. 

For  that  fame  net  fo  ounninsilv  ^vas  wound, 
That  neither  guile  nor  force  might  it   dif- 

traine. 
Thej   tooke    them    both,    and    both    them 

ftronolv  bound 
In  captive  bandes,  which  there  they  readie 

found  : 
But  her  in  chaines  of  adamant  he  tyde ; 
For  nothing  elfe  might  keepe  her  fafe  and 

found : 
But  Verdant  (fo  he  hight)  he  foone  unt3'de, 
And  counfell  fage  in  fteed  thereof  to  him  ap» 

plyde, 

LXXXIII, 

Butallthofe  pleafaunt  bowres,  and  pallace  brave, 
Guyon  broke  downe  with  rigour  pittileffe ; 
Ne  ought   their  goodly  workmanfliip  might 

fave 
Them  iVom  the  tempeft  of  his  wrathfulnelTe, 
But  that  their  bhfle  he  turn'd  to  balefulneffe  ; 
Their  groves  he  feld ;  their  gardins  did  deface ; 
Their  arbers  fpoyle;  their  cabinets  fuppreffe; 


LXXXIII.  7. -fv^n'c^  So  Spf  lifer's  firft  edi- 
tion reads,  which  is  foUowrd  by  the  editions  of  1/51,  ot 
Church,  and  Upton.  The  reft  read  inaccuratrly  Tpoj/frf;  for 
didy  in  the  preceding  line,  applies  to  fpoyle  J'vpprcjj'e,  bunte,  and 
roce,  as  well  as  to  deface.     Todd. 

lt;ici, cabinets]     €ofs,  the  diminutive  of 

cahin.  So,  in  T/ie  Jffeftioncte  Shepherd,  4to.  Loud.  15f)4. 
bigii.  B.  i. 


CAXTO   XII.       THE  FAERTE  QUEENE.  233' 

Their  banket-lioufes  burne  ;  their  buiklings 

race  ; 

And,  of  the  fajreft  late,  now  made  the  fowled 

place. 

LXXXIV. 

Then  led  thev  her  away,  and  eke  that  Knight 

They  with  them  led,  both  forrow  full  and  fad  : 

The  wav  they  came,  the  fame  retourn'd  they 

right, 

Till  they  arrived  where  they  lately  had 

Charm'd  thofe  wild  beafts  that  rag'd   with 

furie  mad ; 

^Vhich,  now  awaking,  fierce  at  them  gan  fly, 

As  in  their  Miftreffe  refkew,  whom  they  lad; 

But  them  the  Palmer  foone  did  pacify. 

Then  Guyon    afkt,  what  meant  thofe   beaftes 

■which  there  did  ly. 

LXXXV. 

Sayd  he ;  "  Thefe  feeming  beafts  are  men  in 

deed. 

Whom  this  EnchauntrefTe  hath  transformed 

thus  ; 

Whylome  her  lovers,  which  her  luftes  did  feed, 

"  And,  in  the  fweltring  heate  of  fummer  time, 
"  I  would  make  cabinets  for  thee,  my  lone ; 
"  Sweet-fnielling  arbours  made  of  eglantine 
"  Should  be  thy  ihrine,  and  I  would  be  thy  doue. 
"  Coole  cabinets  of  frefli  greeue  laurell  boughs 
"  Should  Hiadow  us,  &c/' 
See  alfo  Daphnaida,  towards  the  end.     Todd. 

LXXXV.  1.     Sai/d  liQ  ;]     The  Palmer.     Church. 


23i  THK  FAEllIE  QUEENE.  BOOK  H. 

Now  turned  into  lignrcs  hideous, 
According  to  their  niindes  hke  monftruous/' 
•'  Sad    end,"    quoth    he,    "  of  hfe    intem- 
perate, 
And  mourneful  meed  of  ioyes  dehcious  ! 
But,  Pahiier,  if  it  mote  thee  fo  aggrate. 
Let    them     returned    be    unto    their    former 
flate/' 

LXXXVI. 

Streightway  he  uith   his  vertuous  flaffe  them 
Itrooke, 
And  ftreight  of  beaftes  thej  comely  men  be- 
came ; 
Yet  being  men  they  did  unmanly  looke, 
And  flared  ghaftly  ;  fome  for  inward  Ihame, 
And  fome  for   wrath  to   fee    their   captive 

Dame  : 
But  one  above  the  refi;  in  fpeciall 
That  had  an  hog  beene  late,  hight  Grylle  by 

name, 
Repyned  greatly,  and  did  him  mifcall 

LXXXVI.  6.     But  one  above  the  reft  in  fpeciall, 

That  had  an  hog  beene  late,  hight  Grylle  hi/ 

vame, 
Rcpuned  greatly,  and  did  him  mifcall  &c.] 
Dr.  Jortin  has  obferved,  that  this  fiction  is  taken  from  a  dia- 
logue in  Plutarch,  infcribed,  nEPI  TOY  TA  AAOrA  AOm 
XPHT0AI :  where  6"rj///«s,  one  of  the  Companions  of  Ulyffes, 
transformed  into  a  hog  by  Circe,  holds  a  difcourfe  with  L'lyfl'es, 
and  refufes  to  be  reftored  to  his  human  (liape.  Not  many 
years  before  the  Faerie  Qi/ctnc  was  written,  Gelli  publilhed  his 
Circe,  viz.  in  1548,  which  is  faid  in  the  preface  to  be  founded 
upon  the  dialogue  of  Plutarch,  mentioned  by  Jortin.     Circe 


CAXTO  XII.         THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  Q35 

That  had  from  hoggifli  forme  him  brought  to 
natural!. 

LXXXVII. 

Saide  Guyon ;  "  See  the  mind  of  beaftly  man, 
That  hath  fo  foone  forgot  the  excellence 
Of  his  creation,  when  he  life  began, 
That  now  he  choofeth  with  vile  difterence 
To  be  a  bead,  and  lacke  intelligence  \" 
To  whom  the  Palmer  thus ;  "  The  donghill 

kinde 
Delightes  in  filth  and  fowle  incontinence: 
Let  Gryll  be  Gryll,   and  have  his  hoggifli 

minde  ; 
But  let  us  hence  depart  w^hilell  wether  ferves 

and  winde*/' 


foot!  became  a  verv  popular  book,  and  was  tranflated  into 
Englifli  in  the  year  1557,  by  one  Henry  Iden;  lb  that,  proba. 
bly,  Spenfer  had  read  it;  and  might  be  induced  to  confult  that 
dialogue,  from  its  mention  in  the  preface.  "  Swinifli  Grill"  is 
mentioned  by  Ilall,  Sat.  2.  B.  2.     T.  Wartox. 

LXXXVII.  8.  Lee  Gri/ll  be  Gryll,  &c.]  The  Moral  is  ad- 
mirable. The  poet  feenis  to  allude  to  that  fevere  fentence 
denounced  againll  thofe  who  Ihall  incorrigibly  perfevere  in 
vicious  intemperance,  Rev.  xxii.  11.  "  He  which  is  Jilt  hi/,  let 
him  beJilthifJlilL"     CiiuiiCH. 

*  Thus  are  we  come  to  the  end  of  the  fecond  book.  The 
firft  book  which  we  have  already  examined,  was  religious ;  this 
treats  of  the  foundation  of  all  moral  virtue,  Tempeuance. 

The  connection  of  this  book  with  the  former,  is  vifible,  not 
only  from  the  whole  thread  of  the  ftory,  but  froui  lelfer  in- 
ftances.  See  B.  i.  C.  xii.  fl.  36,  where  the  falfe  prophet  is 
bound,  and  yet  efcapes,  and  is  now  gone  forth  to  trouble  Fairy 
land,  whole  deftrudion  will  not  be  accomplilhed,  till  the  throne 
of  the  Fairy  queen  is  t-llablifhed  in  righteoufnefs,  and  in  all 
moral  virtues.    "   He   {Archimago)   muil  be   loofed  a  little 


'236  THE  1  AKUIE  QUFENE.  HOOK  II. 

feafon  :  He  lliall  be  loofed  out  of  prifon."  Compare  Revi-l. 
xix.  20,  XX.  3,  with  B.  i.  C.  xii.  i\.  36.  And  B.  ii.  C.  i.  ft.  1. 
— The  falfe  prophet  and  deceiver  liad  ahiioft  by  his  lies  work'd 
the  dtftrudion  of  Sir  Guyon  and  the  KedcrolTe  Knight,  B.  ii. 
C.  i.  ft.  8.  The  Chriftian  Knii;ht  wa^s  well  v.arned,  and  well 
armed  againft  his  i'ubtleties.  Our  moral  Knight  is  now  his 
chief  object  ;  who  is>  lent  upon  a  hij^h  adventure  by  the  Fairv 
(^ueen,  to  bring  captive  to  her  court  an  Enchantrcfs  named 
Acrafia,  in  whom  is  nnaged  I'enfual  pleafurc  or  intemperance. 
'I  he  various  adventures  which  he  meets  with  by  the  way,  are 
fuch  as  fhow  the  virtues  and  happy  ctlccts  of  temperance,  or 
the  vices  and  ill  confequences  of  intemperance. 

The  opening  with  the  adventure  of  the  bloody-handed  babe, 
iniites  the  beginning  and  end,  and  is  conceived  with  great  art. 
How  opportunely  does  Prince  Arthur  appear,  the  hero  of  the 
poem  !  who  is  feeking  the  Fairy  Queen,  and  by  his  adventures 
making  himfelf  worthy  of  that  Glori/  to  which  he  afpires.  He 
prel'erves  the  life  of  .Sir  .Guyon,  and  afterwards  utterly  extir- 
pates that  mifcreated  crew  of  fcoundrels,  which,  with  their 
meagre,  melancholy  Captain,  were  belieging  the  Callle  of 
Alma. — Shall  I  guard  the  reader  againft  one  piece  of  poor  cu- 
riofity  ?  not  envioully  to  pry  into  kitchens,  out-houfes,  fmks, 
t^c.  while  he  is  viewmg  a  palace  :  nor  to  look  for  moles  and 
freckles,  wliile  he  is  viewing  a  Medicean  Venus.  I  will  venture 
to  fay,  if  he  finds  fome  things  too  eafy,  he  will  lind  other  things 
too  hard.  "  Wifdom  hath  builded  her  houfe,  Ihe  hath  hewn 
out  her  feven  pillars,"  Prov.  ix.  J.  This  allegorical  houfe  is 
built  with  fome  fpoils  from  the  Pythagorean  and  Socratick  wri- 
ters.— Whillt  the  Prince  is  extirpating  the  foes  of  Alma,  Sir 
Guyon  fets  forward  on  his  queft,  and  attacks  the  Enchanti'efs 
in  her  own  Ifland.  And  here  our  poet  has  introduced,  keeping 
in  view  his  general  allegory,  all  thofe  fpecious  miracles,  to  which 
Homer,  mingling  truth  with  fable,  had  given  a  poetical  fanc- 
tion  long  before  ;  as  of  Scylla  and  Charybdis,  the  fongs  of 
tiie  Syrens,  floating  Illands,  men  by  enchantments  and  fenfu- 
ality  turned  into  bealts,  dxc.  which  marvellous  kind  of  ftories 
Romance-writers  feldom  forget.  Circe,  Alcina,  Armida,  are 
all  rifled  to  diefs  up  Acrafia. 

The  characters  in  this  book  are  the  fage  Palmer,  the  fober 
Guyon,  the  magnificent  Prince  Arthur,  all  well  oppofed  to  the 
cunning  Archiinago,  and  furious  Sarazins.  Braggadochio,  and 
Trompart,  are  a  kind  of  coniick  characters.  .Medina,  Alma, 
and  Belplioebe,  are,  quite  oppofite  to  Medina's  filters,  as  likewil'e 
to  Pha;dria  and  Acrafia. 

I  am  thoroughly  pcrfuaded  myfelf,  that  Spenfcr  has  maqy 
hillorical  uUulions,  and  iu  this  light  I  often  confider  his  poem. 


CANTO   Xir.  THE  FAERIE  QUEEXE.  237 

as  well  as  in  that  moral  allegory,  which  is  more  obvious.     In 
the  laft  verfe  of  this  book,  the  Palmer  iays, 

"  But  let  us  hence  depart  whillt  weather  ferves  and  wind." 
Sir  Guyon  and  the  Palmer  leave  the  Ifland  of  Acrafia,  taking 
the  Enchantrefs  along  with  them,  whom  they  immediately  fend 
to  the  Queen  of  Fairy  land  :  tliey  then  repair  to   the  houl'e  of 
Alma,  and  join  the  Briton  Prince.     W'pton. 


THE    THIRDE    BOOKE    OF 


THE  FAERIE  QUEENE 


CONTAYNINO 
*  THE   LEGEND   OF   BRITOMARTIS,    OR  OF  CHASTITY, 

I. 

It  falls  me  here  to  write  of  Cliaftity, 
That  fayreit  vertue,  far  above  the  reft : 

*  The  Legend  of  Britoniartis,]  Britomarti.s,  among  the 
Cretans,  was  another  name  for  Diana,  tlie  goddel's  of  Chaftity. 
I  think  (he  is  fo  called  in  Claudian.  It  is  not  improbable,  as 
our  author  has  copied  the  greatelt  part  of  the  fecund  canto  of 
this  book  from  the  Cciris  of  Virgil,  that  he  found,  from  the 
fame  poem,  that  Britoniartis  was  a  name  for  Diana,  viz. 

"  Dyciinnam  dixere  tuo  de  nomine  Lunam." 
She  was  a  Cretan  nymph,  and  the  daughter  of  Jupiter  and 
Charme,  whom  Virgil  has  introduced,  in  his  Ceiris,  as  the 
nurfe  of  Scylla,  and  from  whom  our  author  has  copied  his 
Glauce,  liritomart's  nurfe,  in  the  Canto  mentioned  above. 
She  was  called  Didynna,  becaufe  (he  invented  nets  for  hunting, 
which  being  alfo  one  of  Diana's  names,  Britoniartis  and  Diana 
were  looked  upon  as  the  fame.  Callimachus  fpeaks  of  her  as 
one  of  the  nymphs  of  Diana's  train,  but  adds,  that  fhe  was 
called  by  the  Cydonians,  Didynna.  He  has  left  the  hiftory  of 
Britomartis  in  his  hymn  to  Diana,  ver.  189- 

E^op^a  o  ccXKauv  Taclvvica,  ^jXao  vv^^rii/ 

EMo(poc&>  BPITOMAPTIN,  'ivcuovor .  x.  t.  A. 

V/e  may  read  nearly  the  fame  account  of  this  nymph  in  the 

METAMOP<l)i2ZEI2:    of    Antoninus   Liberalis,    Fab,  40.    p.   50. 

Bafil,  1508.     Upon  the  word  Ef^ofjixflt^y  fays  the  fcholiafl  on 

Callimachus,  BPITOMAPTIS  ovof^a.  to  xv^tov  t»)?  ►t^jiAfp*)?'  atp'  hi  >cj  h 

APT^MIS   (y  Kpjjijj    BPITOMAPTIS   ri^alai,   u<;    Aioyinxv(^,      And 

/ "  Solfnus  fpeaks  to  the  fame  ef^'e«ft.     "  Cretes  Dianam  religio- 

\    fulime  venerantur,  Bftlo^»flt*  gentiliter  nominantes ;  quod  fer- 


21-0  '     THE  FAERIE  QUEEN£.  BOOK  11  f.. 

For  which  what  needes  me  fetch  from  Faery 
Forreine  enfamples  it  to  have  exprelt  ? 

mone  noftro  fonat  virginem  diilcem."  Polyhijl.  C.  17.  But 
although  Spcnler  in  Briloinai'tis  had  fortie  rfclereWe  to  DicinUi 
•\et  at  the  lame  time  he  intended  to  denote,  by  that  name,  the 
martial  Bui  ton  esse. 

The  reader  is  defired  to  take  notice,  that  tlie  pafTage  which 
Spenier  lias  copied  from  the  Cciris  of  Virgil,  begins  at  this 
verfe  of  that  jioem, 

''   Quani  liniul  Ogygii  Phcenicis  filia  CifARJifc;" — 
And  ends  at, 

"  Defpue  ter,  virgo  :  numero  deus  impare  gaudet." 

T.  War  TON-. 

I.  1.  It  falls  7IIC  here  to  write  of  C/inJliti/i  (S:c.]  Our  poet 
addrelles  the  Fain'  Queen  in  his  lutrodudion  to  every  book  ; 
and  heie  his  fubject  led  hnn  more  particularly  to  fuch  an  ad- 
drefs  ;   which  explains  what  he  fays  below,   ft.  3. 

"  '\'et  now  my  lucklelle  lott  doth  me  couftrayne 
"  Hereto  perforce  :" 
lie  calls  it  lucklelle  lott,  becaufe,  apprentice  only  of  the  poetical 
art,  he  fears  to  mar  fo  divine  a  liibjed,  though  "  (hadowiug 
his  Virgin  Queen  in  coloured  fliewes"  and  now  neceffarily  led 
to  treat  of  her  by  the  nature  of  his  fubjedl.  Queen  Elizabeth 
was  pleafed  with  this  appellation  of  Virgin  :  ^Vhen  the  Com- 
mons of  England  petitioned  her  to  marry,  flie  told  them  that 
fhe  fhould  be  well  contented  if  her  marble  told  pofterity,  Here 
lies  a  Queene  rilio  reigned  fo  long,  and  lived  and  died  a  Virgin. 
Hence  you  will  fee  the  force  and  elegance  of  what  he  fays, 
F.  Q.  iii.  V.  50,  51.     Upton. 

I.  2.  That  fatjreji']  The  firft  edition  reads,  "  The  faireft," 
to  which  the  editions  of  1.751  and  Mr.  Church  adhere.  All 
the  reft  read,  "  That  faireft,"  which  is  more  emphatick.  Todd. 

Ibid. far  above  the  reji ;]     In  whatever 

ftyle  or  manner  Spenfer  chofe  to  pay  his  court  to  Queen 
Elizabeth,  he  never  would  pay  it  at  the  expence  of  truth : 
when  he  took  up  the  poet,  he  did  not  lay  down  the  philofo- 
pher,  in  a  philofophical  poem  too :  nor  would  he  fay,  that 
Chaftity  vi&sfar  above  Juftice  ;  much  lefs  that  Chaftity  was  far 
above  all  the  Virtues :  doubtless  it  would  be  an  address  fuffi- 
cient  to  his  I'irgin  Queen,  if  he  faid  of  Chaftity, 

"  That fai/ reft  virtue,  FAtRE  above  the  reft:" 
Nay,  the  very  turn  of  the  verfe,  and  the  addrefs,  require  this 
reading  J  and  I  only  want  authority  tc  print  it  fo.     Uptox. 


CANTO  I.  THE   FAERIE  QUEENE.  241 

Sith  it  is  (lirined  in  my  Soveraines  breft, 
And  fornid  lb  lively  in  each  perfect  part, 
That  to  all  Ladies,  which  ha\e  it  profeft, 
Need  but  behold  the  pourtrait:!  of  her  hart ; 

If  poLirlrayd  it  might  bee  by  any  living  art : 

II. 
But  living  art  may  not  leaft  part  exprelTe, 

Nor  life-refenibling  penciil  it  can  paynt : 

All  were  it  Zeuxis  or  Praxiteles, 

His  da^dale  hand  would  faiie  and  greatly  faynt, 

II.  3.     All  •u:ere  it'\     AUhongh  it  were.     So  he   ufes  all  for 

illt/lOlfgll,    C.   i.   It.   '21.       CHL'KCH. 

Ibid.     —■ Zc«.m  0/' Praxiteles,]     Praiiteles 

was  no  painter.     Jorti.v. 

Spenfer  follows  his  old  niafter,  p.  ICS.  edit*  Urr. 

"   Lo  !   I  Nature 

"  Thus  can  yfoniie  and  paintin  a  creture, 

Whan  that  me  lifte  ;  who  can  ine  counterfete  ? 
Pigmaleon  }  not  though  he  forge  and  bete. 
Or  grave,  or  painte  :   for  I  dare  well  yfaine, 
Apeiies  or  Xeuxis  (liould  werche  in  vaine 
"  To  grave  or  painte,  or  for  to/urge  or  bete, 
*'  If  they  prefumid  nie  to  counterfete."     CiiVRCH, 
Zeuxis  was  a  famous  pamter,  and  Praxiteles  a  ftatuary :  fo 
that  the   Ufe-rcfembling  penciil  may  refer  to   Zeuxis,  and  the 
living  art  to  Praxiteles  ;  '•'■  J'pirantia  figna,"  V'irg,  Georg.  iii.  36*. 
"   Vivos  ducent   de  marmore  vultus,"  jEn,  vi.  84-8.     Nor  is  it 
contrary   to  Spenfer's   manner  to   make,    in  conftrucfion,  his 
docdah  hand  reier  to  living  art,  that  is,  to  the  artift's  ingenious 
hand.     Upton. 

The  punduation  of  Mr.  Church,  which  I  have  adopted, 
gives  a  greater  perfpicuity  to  this  pafTage.  He  places  a  colon 
after  poj/H^,  and  a  comma  only  after  Proal^c/e*.  Most  editions 
place  a  colon  or  femicolon  after  the  latter  word,  and  a  comma 
after  the  former ;  by  which  pointing  the  fenfe  has  appeared  to 
be  embarafl'ed.     Todd. 

II.  4.  His  djedale  hand]  Dcedale  hand,  i.  e.  ingenious, 
cunning  hand,  awo  tS  ^aj^iAAst^,  artifuiofe  Jingcrc.  See  Horn. 
II.  L  6o. 

VOL.  IV.  R 


« 
« 


£4C  tHE   FAERIE    QlEE^'E.  BOOK    III. 

And  her  perfections  with  his  error  ta3'nt: 
Ne  poets  wilt,  that  palleth  painter  farre 
In  picturing  the  parts  of  beauty  daynt, 
So  hard  a  workenianlhip  adventure  darre, 
For  fear  through  want  of  words  her  excellence 

to  mar  re. 

III. 
How  then  iV.all  I,  apprentice  of  the  Ikill 
That  whilonie  in  divined  wits  did  rajne, 
Prefume  fo  high  to  ftretch  mine  humble  quill  ? 
Yet  now  my  luckclefle  lott  doth   me   con- 
it  ray  ne 
Hereto  perforce  :  But,  O  dredd  Soverayne, 
Thus  far  forth  pardon,  iith  that  choiceft  witt 
Cannot  your  glorious  pourtraict  ligure  playne, 


Tivytiv- 


Hence  the  Latin  poets :  "  Dada'a  tellus,"  Lucret.  i.  7 :  and 
hence  Spenfer,  F.  Q.  iv.  x.  44-.  "  the  dirdale  earth."  "  Dtedala 
figna,"  Lucret.  v.  U.50.  "  Dccdala  teda,"  Virg.  Georg.  iv.  179. 
Perhaps  Spenfer  had  Taffo  in  view,  who  has  the  very  lame  ex- 
prelFion,  C.  xii.  Qi. 

"  K  fe  non  fu  di  ricche  pietre  elette 

"  La  tomba,  e  da  ///a«  dcdala  fcolpita."     Uptox. 

II.  7. daynt,]      Old  French,  dain, 

daintie,  fine,  &c.  Dr.  Johnfon  fays,  in  his  explanation  oi  dainty, 
that  he  could  not  find  this  old  French  word,  to  which  Skinner 
refers,  in  the  didlionaries.  It  occurs,  however,  in  Cotgrave's. 
Daj/nt  has  been  hitherto  unnoticed  by  our  lexicographers. 
Spenfer  ufes  the  fuperlative  of  this  adjedive,  F.  Q.  ii.  xii.  4-2. 
daijntcjt,  where  fome  editions  read  corruptly  dahitiefi.  Todd, 
"hi.  5.  Hereto  perforce  :]  It  is  \he  {'d.n\G  fi£eet  compulfion, 
(if  I  may  thus  apply'the  phrafe  of  Milton,)  which  induces  the 
poet  to  fay,  in  the  opening  of  this  poem,  "  Lo  !  I,  the  man,  &c. 

"  Am  now  enforjl,  a  farre  un fitter  talke, 

**  For  trumpets  fterne  &c."     Toi)D. 


THE   FAERIE  QUEEX£.  £43 

That  I  in  colourd  (liowes  may  fliadow  itt, 
And  antique  praifes  unto  prefenfperlbns  fltt. 

But  if  in  living  colours,  and  right  hew, 
Thylelfe  thou  covet  to  iee  pi6lured, 
Who  can  it  doe  more  lively,  or  more  trew, 
Then  that  fweete  verle,  with  neftarfprinckeled, 
In  which  a  gracious  lervaunt  pi6^_ured 

IV.  2.  Thyfelfe  thou  covet  &:c.]  This  is  the  reading  of  the 
poet's  iirft  edition,  \vhich  is  followed  only  by  thofe  of  Mr. 
Church  and  I\Ir.  Upton,  The  lecond  reads,  "  Ymirjtlfe  you 
covet  &c."  But,  as  Mr.  Upton  obferves,  it  is,  in  the  Intro- 
dudion  to .  F.  Q.  B.  i,  "  Shed  thy  faire  beames,"  not  "-your 
faire  beames."  Again,  in  F.  Q.  lii.  ii.  3,  it  is  "  Thyfelfe  thy 
praifes  tell,"  not  "  youifclfe  Sec."  Whether  the  poet  was  here 
tempted  to  alter  it,  in  his  fecond  edition,  as  addrefling  the 
Queen  ?«orc  politely,  may  be  a  matter  of  difcufiion  for  thofe 
who  are  well  veried  in  the  Academies  of  Cojiipli?/ients  !  How- 
ever, the  lecond  perfon  hngular  and  the  name  of  Sir  W.  Raleigh 
require  me  to  obferve,  by  the  way,  that  the  exprelfion,  iu 
Shakfpeare's  Ttceljth  Night,  "  if  thou  thouft  him  fome  thrice, 
it  Hiali  not  be  amifs,"  which  has  been  fuppofed  to  allude 
to  the  virulence  with  which  Coke  addreiTed  Sir  \VHlter  at  his 
trial,  "  Thou  viper;  I  thou  thee;  thou  tray  tor  ;"  is  of  much 
earlier  date  than  the  age  of  Shakfpeaie.  And,  although  the 
commentators  have  noticed  fimilar  expreffions  in  books  fub- 
fcqueut  to  the  time  of  the  draniatick  bard,  they  have  not  cited 
the  lollov,'ing  ancient  illuftration  from  Hycke-Scorner,  Hawkins's 
Eng.  Drama,  vol.  i.  p.  101. 

"  Avaiint,  catyfe,  doofl;  thou  thou  me! 

**■  I  am  come  of  good  kynne,  &c."     Todd. 

IV.  4.     thatfweet  verfe  xvith  Jieftar  fprinckeled,}     See 

the  note  on 

— —  "  that  fame  gentle  Spirit,  from  whofe  pen 

"  Large  ftreames  of  honny  and  fweet  nedar  flowe;" 
Tears  of  the  Mufes,  Thalia,  ft.  8.     Todd. 

IV.  5.  In  i^liich  &:c.]  This  gracious  fervaunt  is  Sir  W.  Ra- 
leigh, our  poet's  truly  honoured  friend,  o  TtjUlo?;  imaged  and 
fhadowed  in  this,  as  well  as  in  the  other  books,  under  the 
name  of  Timias,    And  Spcnfer,  in  his  Letter  to  Sir  W.  Raleigh, 

R  2 


244  THE  FALRIE  QUEENE.  BOOK  III. 

His  Cynthia,  his  heavens  fayreft  light  ? 
That  with  liis  melting  fweetnes  raviihed, 
And  with  the  wonder  of  her  beames  bright, 

My  fences  lulled  are  in  (lomber  of  delight. 

V. 

But  let  that  fame  delitious  poet  lend 
A  little  leave  unto  a  rufticke  Mufe 
To  fmg  his  Miitrefie  prayfe;  and  lethimmend, 
If  ought  amis  her  liking  may  abufe  : 
Ne  let  his  fayrell  Cynthia  refufe 
In  mirrours  more  then  one  herfelfe  to  fee ; 
But  either  Gloriana  let  her  chufe, 
Or  in  Belphoebe  falhioned  to  bee ; 

In  th'  one  her  rule,  in  th'  other  her  rare  chaltitee. 

fays  he  imitated  him,  "  exprefilng  the  name  of  his  royal  mif- 
trefs  in  Bclp/ucbe,  whofe  name  he  faihioned  according  to  Sir 
W.  Raleigh's  own  exccllt-nt  conceit  of  Cynlhia  ;  Phoebe  and 
Cynthia  being  both  names  of  Diana.''     See  F.  Q.  iii.  vi.  28, 

Upton. 


CAXTO  I-.  THE  FAERIE  QUEEXE.  24i 


CANTO   I. 

Guyon  encouutreth  Bntomart  : 

Fai/re  Florbnell  is  chaced : 
DueJ/aes  tralnes  and  Makcaf- 

iaes  champions  are  dej'aced. 

I. 

THE  famous  Briton  Prince  and  Faery  Knight, 
After  long  ways  and  perilous  paines  endur'd, 

Arg.  3.     Dvefaes  trains,  and  IMalecaf- 

taes  chivnpiuns  are  defactfl.]  So  thcfe  verfes  are 
to  be  meafured.  'Tis  ndiculoully  fpelt  Malerajlaes  in  all  the 
editions :  She  has  her  name  not  from  Chalhty  :  She  is  called 
the  Lady  of  Delight,  in  11.  31  ;  mentioned  too  by  name,  in 
ft,  57,  jair  Muhcajia.     Upton. 

Mr.  Upton  has  too  hafiily  charged  all  the  editions  with 
niiftake.  The  folio  of  16'79,  and  the  edition  of  1751,  both 
read,  agreeably  to  the  diredion  in  Spenfer's  lift  of  Errata, 
Maleccijia's.  It  is  remarkable,  however,  that  Mr.  Wartoh  has 
been  mifled  by  thofe  editions  which  are  inattentive  to  the 
poet's  correfiion.     Todd. 

I.  1.  The  famous  Briton  Prince  and  Faen/  Knight,  &c.] 
Prince  Arthur,  having  been  wounded  in  iiis  enpa^enient  with 
Maleger,  ftaid  with  Alma  till  his  wounds  were  cured  ;  and  Sir 
Guyon,  having  ended  his  adventure  againfl  Acrafia,  returned 
to  the  houfe  of  Alma,  and  joined  the  Briton  Prince.  But 
conlider  the  laft  verle  in  this  Itanza ; 

"  '1  hey  courteous  conge  took,  and  forth  together  j/of/e  ;" 
Sir  Guyon  had  loft  his  tine  horl'e,  called  Brigliadore,  as  men- 
tioned, F.  Q.  ii.  lii.  4.  And  was  forced  to  iare  on  foot,  till  he 
had  fiuilhed  his  adventure  :  but  now,  for  prefcnt  ufe,  he  has 
provided  himfelf  with  another  horl'e.  Spenler  does  not  tell  us 
how  he  provided  himfelf  wiih  this  horfe  ;  'tis  a  circumftance, 
he  thinks  too  minute ;  and  indeed  there  are  feveral  of  thcfe 
minuter  circumltances,   which  he  leaves  unexjilained,  and  the 

r.  3 


C4^  THE  FAERIF.  QUEENE.  BOOK  III. 

Having  their  weary  iimbes  to  perfect  plight 
Reftord,  and  Tory  wounds  right  well  recur'd, 
Ot   the  llnre  Alma  greatly  were  procur'd 
To  make  there  lenger  foiourne  and  abode ; 
But,  when  thereto  they  might  not  be  allur'd 
From  feekingpraife  and  deeds  of  armesabrode, 
They  courteous  conge  tooke,  and  forth  together 
yode. 

reader  is  to  fupply  them  for  himfelf.     This  verfe  I  believe  was 
thus  given  by  the  author  : 

"  They  courteous  conge  tooke  and  forth  together  rode :" 
Like  two  Knights,  alia  cavallcrc/ca.  So  Chaucer,  in  the  de- 
fcription  and  character  of  the  Knight : 

'•  A  knight  there  was,  and  tiiat  a  worihi  man, 

"  That  fro  the  time  that  he  firll  began 

"   To  r'unn  out,  he  lovid  chevalree." 
Spenfer,  fpeaking  of  Sir  Guyon,  in  F.  Q.  ii.  vii.  2,  fays, 

"  So  long  he  yode,  yet  no  adventure  found  ;" 
And  right;  for  he  had  juft  loft  his  horfe.    And  though  we  read 
in  F.  Q.  ii.  xi.  20. 

"   Which  fuddein  horror  and  confi.d"ed  cry 

"  Whenas  their  captaine  heard,  in  hafte  he  yode 

"  The  caufe  to  weet,  and  fault  to  remedy  : 

"   Upon  a  tygre  fwift  and  fierce  he  rode :" 
Yet  this  paiTage  by  no  means  vindicates  the  above  queftioned 
reading :    'tis   a   mifcreated    captain,    without   knighthood  or 
dignity.     Upton, 

I.  9-  They  courteous  conge  tooke,]  It  may  be  remarked  that 
this  phrafe  often  occurs  in  romance.  Thus,  in  L'hyftoire  du 
Cheualier  aux  armes  doree,  -l-to.  Paris,  bl.  1.  f.  d.  Sign.  G.  iii. 
"  Comme  Ic  Cheualier  aux  arines  doree  print  conge  de  la  bonne 
Dame  pour  aiicr  pourfuyure  le  Roy  de  Noruegue."  Again, 
Sign.  L.  i.  "  Le  Cheualier  print  conge  du  feigneur  du  chafteau 
engage  lequel  hiy  tift  bailier  chc^'aux  &  armeures."  And,  in 
L'hyftoire  &  plaifant  Cronicque  du  petit  Jehan  de  Saintre,  4to. 
bl.  1.  f.  d.  fol.  X.  b.  "  Et  quant  il  fut  hors  de  la  chambre  & 
eut  prins  fon  jjileux  congie,  ^c."  Again,  fol.  xxvii.  "  Apres 
que  Saintre  eut  prins  conge  des  barons,  &c."  See  alfo  F.  Q.  ii.. 
iii.  2,  ii.  xi,  17,  <&c.     Todd. 


CANTO   I.  THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  247 

II. 

But  the  captiv'd  Acrafia  he  fent, 

Becaufe  of  traveill  long,  a  iiigher  way, 
With'  a  Itroiig  gard,  all  refkew  to  prevent, 
i\nd  her  to  Faery  Court  ikfe  to  convay; 
That  her  for  witnes  of  his  hard  aflay 
Unto  his  Faery  Queene  he  might  prefent : 
But  he  himfelfe  betooke  another  way, 
To  make  more  triall  of  his  hardiment, 

And  feek  adventures,  as  he  with  Prince  Arthure 

went. 

III. 
Long  fo  they  traveiled  through  waftefull  wayes, 
Where  daungers  dwelt,  and  perils  moll  did 

wonne, 
To  hunt  for  glory  and  renowmed  prayfe : 
Full  many  countreyes  they  did  overronne, 
From  the  uprifing  to  the  fetting  funne, 
And  many  hard  adventures  did  atchieve ; 

II.  9-  And  feek  adventures,]     The  ufual  language  of  romance. 
Thus,  in  Alauianni's  Gyrone  il  Corfeje,  L.  ii.  Jo. 

"  lo  ion  nutrito  fotto  ii  I'anto  impero 
*'   Del  magnanimo  Artus,  reaie  (^c  pio 
"  Et  da  lui  fatto  errante  chaualiero, 
"  Vo  cercando  auuenture  hor  quinci,  hor  quindi,  &c." 
And  Ariofto,  Orl.  Fur.  C.  xxv.  22. 

"  Ben  vo  pel  mondo  anch'  io  la  parte  mia, 

"  Strane  auuenture  or  qua  or  la  cercando,"     Todd. 

III.  2. wonne,]      Inhabit. 

Milton  thus  mentions  "  grots  and  caverns  where  Dejhlafioii 
dwells,"  Cora.  ver.  428.  'I'hus  alfo  Davies,  in  his  Scourge  of 
I'olltj,   l6ll,  p.  29. 

"  He  loues  to  liue  where  Defolation  duels."     Todd. 

R  4 


248  Tilt   FAERIE  QUEEXE.  BOOK   III. 

Of  all  the  which  they  honour  ever  wonne, 
Seeking  the  weake  opprefied  to  reheve, 
And  to  recover   right  for  i\ich  as  wrons:  did 
grieve. 

IV. 

At  laft,  as  through  an  open  plaine  they  yode, 
They  fpide  a  Knight  that  towards  pricked 

fay  re ; 
And  him  befide  an  aged  Squire  there  rode, 
That  feemd  to  couch  under  his  ftiield  three- 

iquare, 

III.  9.     Atul  to  recover  rig/if   for  fvch  as  wrong  did  grieve.] 
So  the  books  read,  which  I  would  alter  thus; 

"  And  to  recover  right  for  fuch  as  icrotig'd  did  grieve." 
This  was  the  characieriftick  of  Knighls  errant,  and  their  mili- 
tary (jath  :  See  Taflb,  C.  x.  76. 

*'   Freiner  gli  alteri,  e  follevar  gli  imbelli, 

"    Difencler  gli  innocenti,  e  punir  gli  empi, 

'*  Fian  1'  arti  lor." 
And  to  this  were  fworne  the  Knights  of  the  Round  Table.   See 
the  Hijionj  of  Prince  Arthur,  B.  1.  C,  59.     See  alfo   F.  Q.   iii. 
ii.  14-,  ii.  viii.  C5,  and  5f).      Uptox. 

IV'.  4.  'ihat  J'ccmd  /o  couch  iSic]  To  couch,  i.  e.  to  lie,  to 
repol'e,  ike.  But  the  tenor  of  the  fentence  feems  to  re- 
quiie,  to  crouch,  to  Itoop.  It  was  fo  burdcnforiie,  and  the 
Squire  fo  old,  that  the  Sqijire  feenied  to  crouch  under  this 
three-fquare Jhidd,  i.  c.  three  cornered;  like  the  fhield  of  our 
EngliOi  kings;  for  Eritomart  is  a  Britiih  Princefs,  jNlarinell's 
ibield  is  likewife  three-fcpiare.  Sec  F.  (^.  iii.  iv.  l6\  But  pray 
obferve,  that  Sir  Guyon,  in  whom  is  imaged  Temperance, 
fpurs  his  ht  rfe  and  tilts  with  this  imdefsed  Knight :  'twas  a 
firange  cuftam  this  of  courteous  Knights,  but  much  more  for 
fo  fober  and  temperate  a  Knight,  as  Sir  Cn^on;  unlefs  we 
fuppoi'e  fome  fecret  hiitory  alluded  to  :  and  this  poem  is  full 
of  allufions,  either  moral  or  hiftorical.  In  Britomart  I  fup- 
pofcd  imaged  the  Virgin  Queen  ;  in  Sir  Guyon  the  Earl  of 
Eiie\.  Sir  Guyon  is  dil'mounted  prefuming  to  match  hnufelf 
a^ainft   Britomart.     If  Gu\gu  hiftorically  and   covertly  (now 


CANTO  T.  THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  249 

As  if  that  age  badd  him  that  burden  fpare. 
And  yield  it  thofe  that  llouter  could  it  wield  : 
He,  them  efpying,  gan  himfelfe  prepare, 
And  on  his  arme  addreffe  his  goodly  Ihield 

That  bore  a  lion  palTant  in  a  golden  field. 

V. 
Which  feeing  good  Sir  Guyon  deare  befought 
The  Prince,  of  grace,  to  let  him  ronne  that 

turne. 
He  graunted  :  then  the  Faery  quickly  raught 
His    poynant   fpeare,    and   fharply    gan    to 

fpurne 
His  fomy  fteed,  whofe  fiery  feete  did  burne 
The  verdant  gras  as  he  thereon  did  tread ; 
Ne  did  the  other  backe  his  foote  returne, 
But  fiercely  forward  came  wiihouten  dread. 
And  bent  his  dreadful  fpeare  againft  the  others 

head. 

VI. 

They   beene    ymett,    and    both    theyr    points 
arriv'd ; 
But  Guyon  drove  fo  furious  and  fell, 

and  then)  means  the  Eavl  of  EfTex,  will  it  not  bear  an  eafy 
allulion  to  his  prefaming  to  match  himielf  v.iih  Queen  Eliza- 
beth ?  And  has  not  the  poet  with  the  lineit  art  managed  a 
very  dangerous  and  i'ecret  pi^ce  of  hiftory  ?      Upton. 

iV.  (J.  That  bore  ixc.'\  The  arms  of  Brute,  from  whom 
Britomartis  is  delcended,  are  fuppoied  to  have  been  a  lion 
pajfaut  gules,  hi  ajie'd  or.  So  Drayton,  in  his  frontifpiece  to 
his  Polyolbion  : 

"  who  bears 

*'  la  gulden  field  the  lion  paflant  red."     Cuuncn. 


250  THE  FAERIE  QUEEXE.  BOOK  III. 

That  feemd  both  fliield  and   plate  it  would 

have  riv'd  ; 
Nathclefle  it  bore  his  foe  not  from  his  fell, 
l^Lit  made  him  dagger,  as  he  were  not  well : 
But  Gujon  felfe,  ere  well  he  was  aware, 
Nigh  a  fpearcs  length  behind  his  crouper  fell; 
Yet  in  his  fall  fo  well  himfelfe  he  bare, 
That  mifchievous  mifchaunce  his  life  and  limbs 

did  fpare. 

VII. 

Great  fliame  and  forrow  of  that  fall  he  tooke; 
Tor  never  yet,  fith  warlike  amies  he  bore 
And  fhivering   fpeare   in   bloody   field    lirfl 

iliooke, 
He  fownd  himfelfe  didionored  fo  fore. 
Ah  !  gentleft  Knight,  that  ever  armor  bore, 
Let  not  thee  grieve  difmounted  to  have  beene, 
And  brought  to  grownd,  that  never  waft  be- 
fore ; 
For  not  thy  fault,  but  fecret  powre  unfeene ; 
That  fpeare  enchaunted  was  which  layd  thee 
on  the  greene  ! 


VII.  3.  Jnd  fhivering  fpeare  in  bloody  field  firfi  ihooke,] 
Virgil,  lEn.  x.  .021.  "  Tremebunda  hajta."  Again,  Ai.n.  xii.  94. 
•'  Quajfatque  trcnicntem  hajiain."     Upton. 

VII.  y.  That  fpeare  enchaunted  xias  6ic.]  This  Spear  was 
made  by  Bladud,  a  Britiih  king,  (killed  in  magick  :  fee  F.  Q. 
iii.  iii.  60.  The  ftaft'  of  this  Si)eare  was  of  ebony  :  fee  F.  Q. 
iv.  vi.  6".  And  it  was  headed  with  gold  :  una  lanza  dorata,  as 
Boyardo,  in  0/7.  Innainorato,  calls  it.  Let  us  liear  the  hiftory 
of  it  from  the  Italian  poets.     Galafron  King  of  Cathaia,  uyd 


CANTO  T.  THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  S5 1 

VIII. 

But  weenedft  thou  what  wight  thee  overthrew, 
Much  greater  griefe  and  ihamefuller  regrett 
For   thy   hard    fortune    then    thou    wouldil 

renew, 
That  of  a  fingle  Damzell  thou  wert  mett 
On  equall  plaine,  and  there  fo  hard  befett: 
Even  the  famous  Britomart  it  was, 


father  of  the  beautiful  Angelica,  and  of  the  renowned  warriour 
Argalia,  procured  for  his  fen,  by  the  help  of  a  magician,  a 
lance  of  gold,  whofe  virtue  was  fuch,  that  it  unhorfed  every 
Knight  as  foon  as  touched  with  its  point.  Berni,  Orl.  Innam. 
L.  i.  C.  1.  0.  43. 

"  II  re  fuo  p-adre  gli  ha  dato  un  deftriero 

"  Moltc)  veloce,  e  una  lancia  d'  oro 

*'  Fatta  con  arte,  e  con  fottil  lavoro. 
"  E  quelia  lancia  di  natura  tale 

"  Che  rehlier  non  puoffi  alia  fua  fpinta  ; 

"  Forza,  o  defirezza  contra  lei  non  vale, 

"  Convien  che  1'  una,  e  1'  altra  refti  vinta  : 
Incanto,  a  cui  non  e  nel  mondo  eguale, 
Lha  di  tanta  pollituza  iutorno  cinta, 

"  Che  ne  il  coute  di  Biava,  ne  Rmaldo, 

*'  N6  il  mondo  al  colpo  fuo  ftarebbe  faldo." 
After  the  death  of  Argalia,  this  lance  came  to  Aftolpho,  the 
Englilh  duke,  Orl.  Innani.  L.  i.'C.  2.  ll  20.  With  this  lance 
he  unhorfes  his  adverfaries  in  the  tilts  and  tourneyments.  Ibid. 
C.  iii.  jull  as  Britomart  overthrows  the  Knights  with  her  en- 
chanted fpear,  F.  Q.  iv.  iv.  46\  In  Ariollo,  0/7.  Fiuiof.  C. 
viii.  it.  17.  (for  the  Orlando  1  uriojo  is  a  i'econd  part  or  conti- 
nuation of  the  ftory  of  the  Orlando  Innanioratu,)  we  read  of 
this  fame  enchanted  lance.  And  again,  in  C.  xviii.  ft.  il8. 
Aftolfo,  in  C.  x.xiii.  1>.  lo,  gives  this  enchanted  fpeare  of  gold 
to  Bradamante,  a  woman  warnour,  in  many  inftances  like  our 
chalt  Virgin-Knight.  With  this  i'peare  Bradamante  gains  a 
lodging  in  Sir  Triftans  calile,  la  rocca  di  Trijlano,  C.  x.Kxii. 
Not  unlike  to  Britomartis,  who  gams  her  eatraace,  when  re- 
fufed  a  lodging,  F.  Q.  iii.  i.x.  12.     Upton. 


<< 


CiG  THE  FAEKIE  QUEENE.  BOOK  III. 

Whom  ftrauns^e  adventure  did  from  Britavne 

fett 
To  feeke  her  lover  (love  far  fought  alas  !) 
"Whofe  image  lliee  had  feene  in  Venus  looking- 

glas. 

IX. 

Full  of  difdainefull  wrath,  he  fierce  uprofe 
For  to  revenge  that  fowle  reprochefull  fliame. 
And  fnatching   his    bright    fword   began  to 

clofe 
"With  her  on  foot,  and  ftoutly  forward  came  ; 
Dye  rather  would  he  then  endure  that  fame. 
Which  when  his  Palmer  faw,  he  gan  to  feare 
Ijis  toward  perill,  and  untoward  blame, 
"Which   by  that  new  rencounter  he  fliould 

reare ; 

VIII.  9.  Whqfe  image  Jhec  had  fccnc  Sic]  See  this  ftory 
related,  F.  Q.  in.  ii.  tj,  i\:c.      Upton. 

See  alfo  Mr.  Wartoti's  note  011  F.  Q.  iii.  ii.  19-     Todd. 

IX.  8.  IFAich  by  that  nczv  rencount(;r  kc]  Rencounter  is 
an  accidental  combat  or  adventure.  Fr.  Rcnconfrc.  It  is  thus 
ex.ilanied,  in  coiitradiltinction  to  Duelling.  Duelling,  having 
been  formcVlv  prohibited  in  France,  "  no  alVair  of  honour  was 
dpcided  but  by  the  way  ui  Rencontre ;  a  word  invented  to 
elcape  the  cogni^iance  of  the  law.  By  the  term  Rencontre  is 
meant,  that,  if  a  gentleman  either  covertly  or  overtly  affronts 
another,  the  firtl  opporluiiity,  out  of  the  reach  of  witncfs,  is 
laken,  by  either  or  both,  to  appoint  a  ftreet  or  a  road  in  which 
they  are  to  meet  to  a  moment ;  and,  either  on  foot,  on  horle- 
back,  or  in  their  carriage,  occalion  fonie  kuid  oi  juUling  or 
f(i  iden  f<:uffle,  as  they  lliould  have  agreed  on  beforehand,  to 
be  looked  upon,  in  the  fenfe  of  whatever  fpectators  may  be  ac- 
cidentally prefent,  as  an  unforefeen  and  inftantaneous  event, 
and  by  nj  means  the  effect  of  any  former  provocation,   fince 


CANTO   I.  THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  253 

For  Death  fate  on  the  point  of  that  enchaunted 

fpeare  : 

X. 

And  hafting  towards  hhii  gan  fajre  perfwade 
Not  to  provoke  misfortune,  nor  to  weene 
His  fpeares  default  to  mend  with  cruell  blade ; 
For  by  his  mightie  fcience  he  had  feene 
The  fecrete  vertue  of  that  weapon  keene, 
That  mortall  puiliaunce  mote  not  withftond : 
Nothing  on  earth  mote  alwaies  happy  beene  ! 
Great  hazard  were  it,  and  adventure  fond, 

To  loofe   lono-rrotten    honour   with   one    evill 

bond. 

XI. 

By  fuch  good  meanes  he  him  difcounfeiled 
From  proi'ecuting  his  revenging  rage : 
And  eke  the  Prince  Uke  treaty  handeled, 
His  wrathfull  will  with  reafon  to  afwage ; 
And  laid  the  blame,  not  to  his  carriage, 
But  to  his  ftarting  fteed  that  fwarv'd  alyde, 
And  to  the  ill  purveyaunce  of  his  Page, 
That  had  his  furnitures  not  firmely  tyde : 

So  is  his  angry  corage  fayrly  pacifyde. 

XIL 
Thus  reconcilement  was  betweene  them  knitt, 
Through  goodly  temperaunce  and  affection 
chafte ; 

which  they  might  have  had  time  to  i-efleft  and  grow  cool." 
See  M.  Couftaid  de  iMalTi's  Hijl.  of  Duellings  tranfl.  Lond. 
1770.  P.  ii.  Sea.  iii.  .Todd. 


254  THE  FAERIE-QUEENE.  BOOK  III, 

And  either  vowd  with   all   then*  power  and 

witt 
To  let  not  others  honour  be  defafte 
Of  friend  or  foe,  whoever  it  enibaflc, 
Ne  armes  to  bear  againft  the  others  fyde: 
In  which  accord  the  Prince  was  alfo  plafte, 
And  with  that  golden  chaine  of  concord  tyde: 

So  goodly  all  agreed,  they  forth  }'fere  did  ryde. 

XIII. 

O,  goodly  ufage  of  thoie  antique  tymes, 

In  which  the  fword  was  fervaunt  unto  right ; 
AVhen  not  for  malice  and  contentious  crymes, 
But  all  for  prayle,  and  proofe  of  manly  might, 
The  martiall  brood  accullomed  to  fight : 
Then  honour  w  as  the  meed  of  vi6lory, 
And  yet  the  vanquillied  had  no  defpight : 
Let  later  age  that  noble  ufe  envy? 

Vyle  rancor  to  avoid  and  cruel  furquedry  ! 

XIV. 

Long  they  thus  traveiled  in  friendly  wife, 
Through  countreyes  wafte,  and  eke  well  edi- 
fyde, 

XII.  5.  Of  friend  or  foe,  whoever  it  cmbqfic,]  And  each 
vowed  not  to  fiiffer  the  others  honour  to  be  defaced  by  pre- 
tended friend  or  real  foe,  whoever  fliould  endeavour  to  lefieu 
or  debafe  it.     Upton. 

XIII.  8. '■ envy,]     Vie  ivith.  Fr. 

envier.     Church. 

Let  later  ages  look  up  with  admiration  and  defirc  on  that  noble 
ufe  and  cuftom.     See  Menage  in  v.  E/Juic.      Upton. 

X[V.  2.     • ^'^'^^  edifyde,]     Well  built. 

See  the  note  on  edijiedy  F.  Q.  i.  i.  34.     Todd. 


CANTO   I.  THE  FAERIE  QUEEXE.  255 

Seeking  adventures  hard,  to  exercife 
Their  puilllaiince,  whylome  full  dernl y  tryde : 
At  length  they  came  into  a  forefl  wyde, 
Whofe   hideous    horror   and   fad   trembhng 

fownd 
Full  griefly  feemd :  Therein  they  long  did  ryde. 
Yet  traft  of  living  creature  none  they  fownd. 
Save  beares,  lyons,  and  buls,  which  romed  them 

arownd. 

XIV.  4.     ■ dernly]     Demly  perhaps  is 

here  ufed  in  the  fenfe  of  dearly^  i.  e.  earncjlly,  as  in  F.  Q.  iii. 
iv.  21. 

"  Her  fea-god  fyre  flie  dearely  did  perfwade :" 
So,    in   the  prefent  pafikge,  "  their  puiffaunce   had   been    full 
earnejUy,  or   in  earnejl,  tried."     Derne,   it  fliould  be  added,  is 
often   ufed   by  our  elder  writers  for  fccrct :  So,   of  Chaucer's 
Sir  Nicholas,  3Ii/l.  T.  3200,  edit.  Tyrwl.itt. 

"  Of  (lerne  love  he  coude  and  of  iblas  :" 
See  alfo  Ruddiman's  Glofl".  Douglas's  Virgil,  in  vv.  derne,  der- 
nelie,  where  the  latter  word  is  interpreted,  quietly,  fecretly. 
But  it  will  hardly  be  aflerted,  I  think,  that  dernly  here  means 
fecrctly.  In  F.  Q.  ii.  i.  35,  it  is  obvioufly  ufed  for  anxiovjly  or 
earneftly,  and  is  fpelt,  agreeably  to  the  Saxon  beafin,  dearnly. 
In  the  fame  fenfe  dernly  is  ufed  again,  F.  Q.  iii.  xii.  34. 

Todd. 
XIV.  6.     Whofe  hideous  horror  &c.]     Such  is  the  enchanted 
foreft  of  Taflb,  Gier.  Lib.  C.  xiii.  2. 

"  Sorge  non  lunge  a  le  chrifiiane  tende 
"  Tra  folitari  valli  alta  forefta, 
"  Foltiffima  di  piante  antiche,  horrende, 
"  Che  fpargon  d'  ogni  intorno  ombra  funefla." 
Again,  C.  \n.  29. 

"  Vie  i\  andai  fconofciuto,  e  per  forefta 
*'  Caminando,  di  piante  horrida  ombrofa,  &c." 
And  thd  fcreft  of  Avignon,  thus  defcribed  by  Petrarch  : 
^'  Raro  un  filenzio,  un  folitario  orrore 
"  D'  ombrofa  felva  mai  tanto  mi  piacque. "     Todd. 
XIV\  9.      Save  beares,    lyons,   and   bids,    &c.]      This  verfe 
would  be  improved  in  its  harmony,  by  reading, 
"  Save  lyons,  beaies,  and  buls,  &c." 


Z56  THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.     BOOK  III. 

XV. 

/\11  fuddenly  out  of  the  thickeft  brufli, 
Upon  a  nulk-white  palfrey  all  alone, 
A  goodly  Lady  did  foreby  them  nilh, 
A\  hofe  face  did  ieeme  as  cleare  as  chriftall 

ftone, 
And  eke,  through  feare,  as  white  as  whales 

bone : 
Iler  garments  all  were  wrought  of  beaten  gold, 
And  all  her  Iteed  with  tinfell  trappings  ilione, 
AYhich  fledd  fo  faft  that  nothing  mote  him 

hold, 
And  fcarl'e  them   leafure  gave  her  palling  ta 

behold. 

XVI. 
Still  as  (lie  fledd  her  eye  flie  backward  threw, 

As  would  the  following  alfo,  F.  Q.  v.  ii.  30. 

"  Yet  was  admired  much  oifoolcs,  icorncn,  and  boys  :" 
If  we  were  to  read, 

"  Yet  was  admired  much  of  women,  fooles,  and  boys." 
But  thefe  corredions  are  made  by  the  critick,  upon  a  fuppofi- 
tion  that  bis  author  mult  have  infallibly  written  what  was  beft. 

T.  Warton. 
As  nothing  is  fo  tirefome  as  verfe  in  the  fame  unvaried  mea- 
fure  and  cadence,  fo  the  beft  poets,  as  liomcr  and  Virgil 
among  the  ancients,  Spenfer  and  IMilton  among  the  moderns, 
often  vary,  not  only  in  the  paufe  of  the  verfe,  but  likewife  in 
the  accent  of  the  words.      Hence  our  poet  does  not  write, 

"  Save  lyons,  beares,  and  bulls ;" — 
But, 

"  Save  beares,  lyons,  and  bulls,  &c." 
The  reader  may  obferve  feveral  of  like  fort ;  where  the  accent 
is  varied  and  cadence  changed,  left  tht:  car  fliould  be  tired  with 
one  unvaried  famenefr.  of  meafure,  like  a  ring  of  bells  without 
anv  chanees.     Uptok, 


CAN'TO  T.  THE  FAERIE  QUEEN'E.  257 

As  fearing  evill  that  pourfewd  her  faft ; 
And  her  faire  yellow  locks  behind  her  flew, 
Loofely  difperft  with  puff  of  every  blaft : 
All  as  a  blazins:  ftarre  doth  farre  outcaft 
His  hearie   beanies,  and  flaming  lockes  dif- 

predd, 
At  fight  whereof  the  people  ftand  aghaft ; 
But  the  fage  wifard  telles,  as  he  has  redd, 
That  it  importunes  death  and  doleful!  dreryhedd. 

XVII. 
So  as  they  gazed  after  her  awhyle, 

Lo  !   where  a  griefly  foft;er  forth  did  rufli, 
Breathing  out  beafl;ly  lufl;  her  to  defyle  : 


XVI.  5.  All  as  a  blazing  Jiarre  See]  Spenfer  has  many  allii- 
fions  to  what  happened  in  his  own  times.  This  simile,  though 
proper  at  any  time,  yet  leems  more  affecting,  as  luch  a  pha?no- 
menon  appeared  in  the  year  1582,  accorduig  to  Camden  and 
the  writers  of  Q.  Elizabeth's  reign. — The  people  Jtanding  agliafi, 
the  wifard  ajiruloger  foretelling,  ieem  to  allude  to  thcjle  particu- 
lar times  ;  and  yet  the  (imile  is  fo  artfully  managed  as  that  it 
may  be  taken  in  the  moft  general  fenfe. — "  Hairie  beanies  and 
flaming  lockes  difpredd,"  is  very  poetical,  and  alluding  to  the 
etymology,  Anglo-Sax.  peaxeb  yZ(io]\p-a.,ftella  criiiita,  a  Itarre 
with  hairy  beames,  a  blazing  ftarre.  Nor  indeed  is  there 
fcarcely  any  poet  that  mentions  a  comet,  but  alludes  likewife 
to  its  etymology,  and  to  its  portentous  nature.  "  Cometas 
Graeci  vocant,  noftri  crinitas,  horrentes  crine  fangumeo, 
et  comarum  modo  in  vertice  hifpidas,"  Plin.  Lib.  ii.  C.  25. 
See  alfo  Cicero,  Nat.  Dear.  ii.  5.  Theo,  in  his  Commentary 
on  Aratus,  p.  120.  Lucan,  L.  i.  528.  Silius  Ital.  L.  viii.  638. 
Taflb,  C.  vii.  52.    Milton,  Par.  L.  B.  ii.  708.     Upton. 

XVII.  2. fofter]      Forrefter.       So  Chaucer, 

Ro7n.  R.6329.  '*  Now  Gierke,  and  now  f  o/?ere. "    And,  in  Qew 
of  Hampton  : 

"  Afojler  in  the  wood  he  met."     Todd. 

VOL.  IV.  S 


C58  THE  FAEllIE  QUEtNE.  EOOK  lit. 

His  U'reling  jade  he  fierfly  forth  did  pufli 
Through  ihicke  and  thin,  both  over  banck 

and  buih, 
In  hope  her  to  attaine  by  hookc  or  crooke, 
That  from  his  gory  fydes  the  blood  did  gufli : 
Large  were  his  hmbes,  and  terrible  his  looke, 
And  in  his  clowniih  hand  a  fliarp  bore-fpeare 
he  fliooke. 

XVIII. 

Which  outrage  when  thofe  gentle  Knights  did 
i'ee, 
I'^iiU  of  great  envy  and  fell  gealofy 
Hiey  ftayd  not  to  avife  who  firft  fliould  bee, 
But  all  fpurd  after,  fail  as  they  mote  fly, 
To  refkew  her  from  fhamefull  villany. 
The  Pi'ince  and  Guyon  equally  bylive 
Herfelfe  purfewd,  in  hope  to  win  thereby 
Moll:  troodlv  meede,  the  faireft  Dame  alive : 

But  after  the  foule  fofter  Timias  did  flrive. 

XIX. 
The    whiles    faire    Britomart,    whofe   conftant 
mind 
Would  not  fo  lightly  follow  Beauties  chace, 
Ne  reckt  of  Ladies  love,  did  ftay  behynd ; 
And  them  awayted  there  a  certaine  fpace, 

XVIII.  6.  The  Prince  and  Guyon  &c.]  He  returns  to  this 
adventure,  F.  Q.  iii.  iv.  4.5,  iii.  vi.  54.     Upton. 

XVIII.  9. Timias]      Prince  Arthur's  Squire. 

See  Mr.  Upton's  note  on  the  Introduft.  It.  4,     To  dp. 


CANTO  I*  THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  259 

To  weet  if  they  would  turne  backe  to  that 

place  : 
But,  when  flie  faw  them  gone,  flie  forward 

went, 
As  lay  her  iourney,  through  that  perlous  pace, 
With  iledfaft  coraoe  and  (tout  hardiment ; 
Ne  evil  thing  (he  feard,  ne  eviil  thing  Ihe  ment. 

XX. 

At  laft,  as  nio'h  out  of  the  wood  (he  came, 
A  (lately  Caftle  far  away  (he  fpyde, 
To  which  her  fteps  directly  fhe  did  frame. 
That  Caftle  was  moft  goodly  edifyde, 
And  plalte  for  pleaiure  nigh  that  forreil  fyde: 
But  faire  before  the  gate  a  fpatious  playne, 
Mantled   with    greene,    itfelfe  did  fpredden 

wyde, 
On  which  (lie  faw  fix  Knights,  that  did  dar- 
ravne 

Fiers  battaill  againft  one  with  cruell  might  and 

mayne. 

XXI. 
Mainely  they  all  attonce  upon  him  laid, 

XIX.  7.  that  perlous  pace,]  So  all  the  edi- 
tions.    Quaere,  jo/acc.     Church. 

Perhaps  pace  might  be  borrowed  from  the  French  word  pais, 
a  region,  land,  or  country  ;  although  indeed  the  pronunciation 
of  the  French  word  may  feem  to  uilcountenance  this  fupjofi^ 
tion.     To  DO. 

XX.  9. againjl    one]       T/ie  Redcrojfe 

Knight.     Todd. 

XXI.  1.    Mainelt/I    Hughes  alone  reads  3I«/i/y.    Church. 

s  2 


260  THE    FAERIE    QUEEXE.  BOOK  III. 

And  fore  befet  on  every  fide  arownd. 

That  nigli  he  brealhlerie  grew,  yet  nought 

dii'maid, 
Ne  ever  to  them  yielded  foot  of  grownd, 
All  had  he  loft  much  blood  through  many  a 

wownd ; 
But  ftoutly  dealt  his  blowes,  and  every  way, 
To  which  he  turned  in  his  wrathfull  Itownd, 
]\Iade  them  recoile,  and  tly  from  dredd  decay, 
That  none  of  all  the  fix  before  him  durit  afiay  : 

XXII. 

Like  daftard  curres,  that,  havlns^  at  a  bay 
The  filvage  beait  embofl  in  wearie  chace, 
Dare  not  adventure  on  the  ftubbornc  pray, 
Ne  byte  before,  but  rome  from  place  to  place 
To  get  a  fnatch  when  turned  is  his  face. 
In  fuch  dlftreile  and  doubtfull  ieopardy 
\V  hen  Britomart  him  faw,  flie  ran  apace 
Unto  his  relkew,  and  with  earneft  cry 

•Badd  thofe  fame  fixe  forbeare  that  (ingle  enimy. 


XXI.  5.     All]     ^/Mo»o//.  See  Introdua.   ft.  2.     Church. 

XXI.  p.     ■ before  ^m  dtirji  qffai; :]     Durft  attack 

him  before,  i.  e.  face  to  face.     Church. 

XXII.  2.     einboft]     A  deer  is  faid  to  be  imbojed, 

when  (he  is  fo  liard  purfued  that  fhe  foams  at  the  mouth.     See 
Kerfey,  and  F.  Q.  iii.  xii.  17.     Church. 

Thus  in  Chaucer's  Dreme,  ver.  352. 

"  And  how  the  harte  had  upon  length 
*'  So  moche  cmbofed,  I  u'ot  nowe  what." 
And  P.  Fletcher,  in  his  Poet.  Mi/cell.  \633,  p.  85. 

**  Look  as  an  hart,  with  fweat  and  bloud  embrued, 
"  Chas'd  and  e/«/)o/;,  thirlis  6cc."     ToDO, 


CANTO  I.  THE  FAERIE   QUEENE.  26l 

XXIII. 

But  to  her  cry  they  hft  not  lenden  eare, 
Ne  ought  the  more  their  mightie  itrokes  fur* 

ceaffe ; 
But,  gathering  him  rownd  about  more  neare. 
Their  direful!  rancour  rather  did  encreaflfe  ; 
Till  that  (lie  ruftiing   through   the   thickefl 

preaile 

Perforce  difparted  their  compa6led  gyre, 

And  foone  compeld  to  hearken  unto  peace : 

Tho  gan  ihe  myldly  of  them  to  inquyre 

The  caufe  of  their  diffention  and  outrageous  y  re. 

XXIV, 

Whereto  that  {ingle  Knight  did  anfwere  frame  ; 

"  Thefe  fix  would  me  enforce,  by  oddes  of 

might, 

To  chaunge  my  liefe,  and  love  another  dame ; 

That  death  me  liefer  were  then  fuch  defpight, 

So  unto  wrong  to  yield  my  wrefted  right :    - 

For  I  love  one,  the  trueft  one  on  grownd, 

Ne  lift  me  chaunge;  (lie  th'  Errant  Damzell 

hight ; 

XXIII.  6. ■ gyre,]     Circle.    Ivdl.  giro. 

So,  in  the  Comedy  of  Lingua,  1(507-  A.  i.  S.  ult. 

"  Firl^  I  beheld  him  houering  ii)  the  aire, 

"  And  then  down  Itouping,  in  an  hundred  gires." 

Todd.     : 

XXIV.  7. f/ie  th'  Errant  Damzell  hight,]     So  he 

calls  Una,  whom  he  names  not ;  but  defcribes  her,   as  in  F.  Q. 
i.  iii.  3,  i.  vi.  2,  i.  vii.  50.      The   Knight  thus  afianlted  is  the 
Redcroffe  Knight,  St.  George ;  who  achieves  the  adventure   . 
the  firlt  book  :  See  below,   th   42.      Una  is  called  the  Errant 

S  3 


C6'2  THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  BOOK   TII» 

For   Mhofe   deare    fake    full  maii}^  a  bitter 
ftownd 
I   have   endurd,    and    tailed   many   a    bloody 
wownd." 

XXV. 
"  Certes,"  faidllie,  "  then  beeneye  fixe  to  blame, 
To  weene  your  wrong  by  force  to  iuftity : 
For  Knight  to  leave  his  Lady  were  great 

fliame 
That  faithfull  is ;  and  better  were  to  dy. 
All  lolfe  is  lelie,  and  lefie  the  infamy, 
Then  lofie  of  love  to  him  that  loves  but  one: 
Ne  may  Love  be  compeld  by  maiftery ; 
For,  foone   as  maiftery  comes,  fweet   Love 
an  one 
Taketh  his  nimble  winges,  and  foone  away  is 
gone." 


Vamzell,  in  F.  Q.  ii.  i.  ]f).  wliich  proves  to  dcmonftration  the 

error  that  has  got'ien  place  in  all  the  copies,  in  F.  Q.  iii.  ii.  4, 

for  which  1  thus  prepare  tlie  reader  before-hand,     Upton. 
XXV'.  7.     J^e  may  Love  be  compeld  by  maiftery ; 

For,  foone  as  maijtcry  comes,  Jkiet  Love  anone 
Taketh  his  iiirnblc  ivinges,  and  Jboue  away  is  gone."] 

This  feems    plainly   from    Chaucer    in    the    Irankelins    Tale, 

ver.  2310. 

"  Love  wolle  not  be  conflreyn'd  by  maiftery  : 
"  When  maiftery  cometh,  tlie  god  of  love  anone 
"  Betith  his  winges,  and  farewell  he  is  gone," 

Hence  Pope  in  his  Epijile  of  Eloifa  to  Abelard : 
"  Love,  free  as  air,  at  fight  of  human  tics 
"  Spreads  his  light  wings,  and  in  a  moment  flies," 

Our  poet  has  the  iame  thought  in  F.  Q,  iv.  i.  46.    "  For  Jove 

is  iree  &c."     Upton. 


CANTO  I.  THE  FAERIE  QUEEXE.  2^3 

XXVI. 
Then  fpake  one  of  thofe  lix ;  "  There  cUvelleth 
here 
Within  this  caftle-wall  a  Lady  fay  re, 
Whofe  ibveraine  beautie  hath  no  Uving  pere; 
Thereto  fo  bounteous  and  fo  debonayre, 
That  never  any  mote  with  her  compayre : 
She  hath  ordaind  this  law,  which  we  approve. 
That  every  Knight  which  doth  this  way  re- 

payre. 
In  cale  he  have  no  Lady  nor  no  Love, 
Shall  doe  unto  her  fervice,  never  to  remove : 

XXVII. 

"  But  if  he  have  a  Lady  or  a  Love, 

Then  mud  he  her  forgoe  with  fowle  defame. 
Or  els  with  us  by  dint  of  fword  approve. 
That  fhe  is  fairer  then  our  faireft  Dame  ; 
As  did  this  Knight,  before  ye  hether  came/* 
"  Perdy,"  faid    Britomart,  "  the  choise  is 

hard  ! 
But  what  reward  had  he  that  overcame  ?" 
"  He  fliould  advaunced  bee  to  high  regard,** 
Said  they,  "  and  have  our  Ladies  love  for  his 

reward. 

XXVIII. 
"  Therefore  aread,  Sir,  if  thou  have  a  Love/* 
"  Love  have  I  fure,*'  quoth  fl:ie,  "  but  Lady 

none ; 
Yet  will  I  not  fro  mine  owne  Love  remove^ 

s  4 


'jG-i  THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  BOOK  lit. 

Ne  to  3'our  Lady  will  I  fervice  done, 

But  \vreake  your  wronges  wrought  to  this 

Knight  alone, 
And  prove  his  caule."     "With  that,  her  mor- 

tall  ipeare 
She  mightily  aventred  towards  one, 
A  nd  downe  him  fmot  ere  well  aware  he  weare ; 
Then  to  the  next  (he  rode,  and  downe  the  next 

did  beare. 

XXIX. 
Ne  did  Hie  ftay  till  three  on  ground  ihe  layd, 
That   none   of    them    himielfe    could    reare 

againe  : 
The  fourth  was  by  that  other  Knight  difmayd. 
All  were  he  wearie  of  his  former  paine ; 
That  now  there  do  but  two  of  fix  remaine  ; 
Which  two  did  yield  before  fhe   did  them 

I'niight. 
"  Ah  !"  faid  Hie  then,  "  now  may  ye  all  fee 

plaine. 
That  Truth  is  ftrong,  and  trew  Love  mofl  of 

might. 
That  for  his  trufty  fervaunts  doth  fo  ftrongly 

fight." 

XXVIII,  4.  JVp  to  your  Lady  xcill  I  fervice  done,]  Do. 
Aiiglo-Sax.  bon,  to  do,  aoniii,      Upton. 

XXVIII.  5.  But  icrcake  &c.]  The  fenfe  is,  But  revenge 
the  wrongs  wliich  vou  have  done  to  this  Tingle  Knight,  by  al"' 
faulting  him  all  at  once.     Church. 

XXVIII.  7. aventred]     Pujhed  at  a  venture.    See 

the  note  on  atentri/ig,  F,  Q,  iv.  vi,  11.     Todd. 


CANTO  I.  THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  Q65 

XXX. 

**  Too  well  we  fee,"  faide  they,  "  and  prove  too 

well 
Our  faulty  weakenes,  and  your  matclilefle 

might : 
Forthy,  faire  Sir,  yours  be  the  Damozell, 
Which  by  her  owne  law  to  your  lot  doth  light, 
And  we  your  liegemen  faith  unto  you  plight/* 
So  underneath  her  feet    their  Iwords  they 

mard, 
And,  after,  her  befought,  well  as  they  might, 
To  enter  in  and  reape  the  dew  reward  : 
♦She  graunted ;  and  then  in  they  all  together 

far'd. 

XXXI. 
Long  were  it  to  defcribe  the  goodly  frame, 
And  (lately  port  of  Caftle  Joyeous, 
(For  fo  that  Caftle  hight  by  common  name,) 
Where  they  were  entertaynd  with  courteous 
And  comely  glee  of  many  gratious 
Faire  Ladies,  and  of  many  a  gentle  Knight ; 
Who,  through  a  chamber  long  and  fpacious, 

XXX.  6. ■  maid,]     Threw  down. 

Lat.  peJJ'undare,  to  throw  under  foot.  Junius. — This  is  cor- 
reded  from  the  Errata  fubjoined  to  the  lirft  edition,  which 
reads  Jkard.     C'iiurch. 

They  mard  their  fwords,  that  is,  they  deftroved  the  honour 
and  dignity  of  them  ;  they  did  rnar  them  by  fo  ignobly  debafing 
them.     Upton. 

XXXI.  2. Caftle  loi/coiis,}     See 

the  prelmiinary  remarks  on  Spenfer's  Imitations  from  old  Ro- 
mances.    Todd, 


266  THE    FAERIE    QUEENE.  BOOK  III. 

EfiToones  them  brought  unto  their  Ladies 
fight, 
That  of  them  cleeped  was  the  Lady  of  Dehght. 

XXXII. 
But,  for  to  tell  the  fumptuous  aray 

Of  that  great  chamber,   fliould   be  labour 

loft; 
For  living  wit,  I  weene,  cannot  difplay 
The  roiall  riches  and  exceeding  coft 
Of  every  pillour  and  of  every  poft, 
Which  all  of  pureft  bullion  framed  were, 
And  with  great  perles  and  pretious  ftones 

emboft ; 
That  the  bright  glifter  of  their  beames  cleare 
Did  fparckle  forth  great  light,  and  glorious  did 

appeare. 

xxxiir. 
Thefe  ftranger  Knights,  through  paffing,  forth 
were  led 
Into  an  inner  rowme,  whofe  royaltee 
And  rich  purveyance  might  uneath  be  red ; 
Mote  Princes  place  befeeme  fo  deckt  to  bee. 
AVhich  ftately  manner  whenas  they  did  fee, 
The  image  of  fuperfluous  riotize. 
Exceeding  much  the  ftate  of  meane  degree, 
They  greatly  wondred  whence  fo  fumptuous 
guize 
Might  be  maintaynd,  and  each  gan  diverfely 
devize. 


CANTO  I.  THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  0.67 

XXXIV. 

The  wals  were  round  about  apparelled 

With  coftly  clothes  of  Arras  and  of  Toure ; 
In  which  with  cunning  hand  was  pourtrahed 
The  love  of  Venus  and  her  paramoure, 
The  fayre  Adonis,  turned  to  a  flowre  : 
A  worke  of  rare  device  and  wondrous  wit, 
Firft  did  it  (hew  the  bitter  baleful!  ftowre, 
Which  her  aiTayd  with  many  a  fervent  fit, 

When  firft  her  tender  hart  was  with  his  beautie 
fmit: 


XXXIV.  1.     The  xvah  -were  round  ahouf  apparelled 

With  coftly  clothes  of  Arras  iVc]  It  is  an  ab- 
furdity  to  defcribe  the  walls  of  Caftle  loyeous  as  adorned  with 
coftly  tapeftry  made  at  the  cities  of  Arras  and  Toiire. 

T,  Warton. 

*Tis  ufual  for  poets  to  bring  minuter  circumftances  down  to 
their  own  times :  which  may  be  more  allowable  in  a  Fairy, 
than  in  an  Epick  or  Tragick,  poem  :  and  yet  the  moft  approved 
writers  in  both,  have,  by  a  kind  of  anticipation,  alluded  to 
their  own  cuftoms  and  fafhions,  arts  and  fciences.  So,  in 
F.  Q.  i.  iv.  14,  he  introduces  the  fafhionable  drefles  of  Queen 
Elizabeth's  court.  And,  in  F.  Q.  i.  iv.  26,  he  alludes  to  the 
fouile  evil  not  known,  'till  b)-ought  into  Europe  by  the  crew  of 
Columbus.  Several  of  thefe  anticipating  allufions  occur  not 
only  in  our  poet,  but  in  every  the  moft  correft  poet  of  an- 
tiquity.    Upton. 

XXXIV.  3.     uifk  cunning  hand]    With^/kilful  hand. 

So,  in  F.  Q.  i.  v.  44.  "  The  learned  leach  his  cunning  hand 
gan  to  his  wounds  to  lay."  Again,  F.  Q.  v.  vii.  6",  "  With 
cunning  hand  be  wrought."  So,  in  Exod.  xxvi.  1 .  "  Cherubims 
of  cunning  work."  See  alfo  Ffal.  cxxxvii.  j.  "  Let  my  right 
hand  forget  her  cunning."  But  there  the  phrafe  has  a  reference 
to  melodious  fkill,  as  in  Milton's  L' Allegro,  ver.  141.     Todd. 

XXXIV.  4.  The  love  of  Venus  &c.]  Mr.  Malone  fuppofes, 
that  this  paflage  might  have  fuggefted  to  Shakfpeare  the  defign 
of  penning  his  Venus  and  Adonis.    Todd. 


C6S  .     TJIE  FAERIF,  QUEENE.  BOOK  III. 

XXXV. 

Then  with  what  fleights  and  fwect  allurements  fhe 
Entyll  the  boy,  as  well  that  art  (lie  knew, 
And  wooed  him  her  paramonre  to  bee ; 
Now  making  girlondsofeach  fiowre  thatgrew, 
To  crownci  his  golden  lockes  with  honour  dew ; 
Now  leading  him  into  a  fee  ret  Aiade 
From  his  beauperes,  and  from  bright  heavens 

vew, 
AVhere  him  to  fleepe  flie  gently  would  perfwade, 

Or  bathe  him  in  a  fountaine  by  fome  covert 

glade : 

XXXVI. 

And,  whilfl:  he  flept,  flie  over  him  would  fpred 
Her  mantle  eolour'd  hke  the  ftarry  flvyes, 
And  her  foft  arme  lay  underneath  his  hed, 
And  with  ambrofiall  kiffes  bathe  his  eyes ; 
And,  whilft  he  bath'd,  M'ith  her  two  crafty 

fpyes 
She  fecretly  would  fearch  each  daintie  lim, 
And  throw  into  the  well  fweet  rofemaryes, 
And  fragrant  violets,  and  paunces  trim ; 

And  ever  with  fweet  nectar  (he  did  fprinkle  him. 

XXXV.  7.     beauperes,]     Fair  companions,  from 

bcaii  and  pair,  a  peer,  equal.      Upton. 

XXXVI.  5. with  her  two  crafty  fpyes]    Crafty 

fpyes  is  here  a  periplirafis  for  eyes,  but  a  very  inartificial  one  ; 

as  it  may  fo  ealily  be  miftaken  for  two  perfons  whom  flie  em- 
ployed, with  herfelf,  to  fearch  ike.     T.  \VARTo>f. 
XXXVI.  7.  Jnd  thro-x  into  the  well  fweet  rofemaryes, 

And  fragrant  violets,  and  paiincies  trim  ; 

And  ever  with  fweet  ncHar  Jhc  did  fprinkle  him.'\ 


CANTO  I.  THE  FAERIE  QUEEXE.  9,6^ 

xxxvir. 
So  did  (he  fteale  his  heedeleffe  hart  away, 
And  ioyd  his  love  in  fecret  unelpyde : 
But  for  (lie  law  him  bent  to  cruell  play, 
To  hunt  the  iiilvage  beaft  in  forrefl  wyde, 
Dreadfull  of  daunger  that  mote  him  betyde 
She  oft  and  oft  adviz'd  him  to  refraine 

Tiius  in  his  Protlialamion  : 

"  Then  forth  tliey  all  out  of  their  ballvctts  drew 
"  Great  itore  of  flowres,  the  honour  of  the  field, 
"  That  to  the  fence  did  fragrant  odours  yield  ; 
"  All  which  upon  thofe  goodlie  birds  they  threw, 
*'  And  all  the  waves  did  Itrew  ; 
"  That  like  old  Peneus  waters  they  did  feeme, 
"   When  down  along  by  Tempe's  pleafant  (bore, 
*■*  Scatter'd  with  flowre?,  through  Theflkiy  they  ftreaine." 
To  thefe  we  may  add,  F.  Q.  vi.  x.  l^. 

"  And  ever,  as  the  crew 

"  About  her  daunft,  iVcet  Howres  that  far  did  fniell, 
"  And  fragrant  odours  they  upon  her  threw." 
The  circumftance  of  throwing  flowers  into   the  water,  is  not  ' 
unlike  what   Milton   fays  of  Sabrina's   ftream,  in  Comus,  ver. 
84.8,  &c. 

Statius  introduces  Love  and  the  Graces  fprinkling  Stella 
and  Violantilla,  on  their  wedding-night,  with  flowers  and 
odours,  Epithal.  Sylv.  I.  ii.  ip. 

"  Nee  blandus  Amor,  nee  Gratia  celTat, 

*'  Amplexum  virides  optatae  conjugis  artus, 
"  Floribus  innumeris,  &  olenti  I'pargere  tliymbra." 
And,  in  Com.  Fl.  Earin.-.Sj//i;.  III.  iv.  82,  hefpeaks  of  Venus 
pouring   the   fragrance  of   Amomum   over    Earinus   in    great 
abundance ;    a  circumftance   not   much   unlike  what   is   here 
mentioned  concerning  Venus  and  Adonis. 

"  Hunc  multo  Paphie  faturabat  amomo."     T.  Warton. 

XXXVII.  3.     But   for]      But  becai/fe.     So  for    is    ufed   in 

Shakfpeare's  Othello,  A.  iii.  S.  iii.    "  Haply_/oy  I  am  black*' — 

• "  or,  for  I  am  declin'd 

"  Into  the  vale  of  years."     Todd. 
XXXVII.  5.     Dreadfull  of  dait/i^er  that  mote  him  betyde 
She  oft  and  oft  adciz'd  him  to  refraine 
From  chafe  of  greater  beqfies,].    Dreadfull,  i.  e. 


270  THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  BOOK  III. 

From  chafe  of  greater  beaftes,  wliofe  brutiili 

prjde 
Mote  breede  him  fcath  unwares :  but  all  in 
vaine ; 
For  who  can  fliun  the  chance  that  deft'ny  doth 
ordaine  ? 

xxxviir. 
Lo  !  where  beyond  he  lyeth  languifliing. 
Deadly  engored  of  a  great  wilde  ])ore  ; 
And  by  his  hde  the  goddeire  groveling 
Makes  for  him  endlelie  mone,  and  evermore 
AA  ith  her  foft  garment  wipes  away  the  gore 
AVhich  ftaynes  his  fnowy  Ikin  with  hateful) 

hew : 
But,  when  flie  faw  no  helpe  might  him  reftore, 
Him  to  a  dainty  flowre  Ihe  did  tranfmew, 
AVhich  in  that  cloth  was  wrought,  as  if  it  lively 
grew. 

XXXIX. 
So  was  that  chamber  clad  in  goodly  wize : 
And  rownd  about  it    many  beds  were  dightj 
As  w^hylome  was  the  antique  worldes  guize, 

full  of  the  dread  of  danger,  fearing  what  might  betide   him, 
Ihe  thus  advifed  him,  Ov.  Met.  x.  545. 

"  Parce  meo,  juvenis,  temerarius  efle  ])ericlo  ; 

"  Neve  feras,  quibus  arma  dedit  natura,  lacefle." 
See  alfo  ibid.  705.     Uptox. 

XXXVIII.  1.    Lo  !  w^ere  beyond]    JJcj/onc/,  that  is,  at  fome 
diftance,  procul :  The  paffiige  feems  imitated  from  Bion : 

Kitrat  xaAo?  AdwuK  'T   tifca^^  y.rifov  li^ovTi 
Aivy.u  '^tvy.oy    hooiTi  rviriiq,    x^  KtlTrptli   «»«« 
AiTriev  itiKi-^vj^ut.    '  U  P  T  0  K . 


CANTO  I.  THE    FAERIE    QUEENE.  271 

Some  for  untimely  eafe,  fome  for  delight. 

As  pleafed  them  to  ufe  that  ufe  it  might : 

And  all  was  full  of  Damzels  and  of  Squyres, 

Dauncing  and  reveling  both  day  and  night, 

And  fwimming  deepe  in  fenfuall  defy  res  ; 

And  Cupid  Itill  emongeft  them  kindled  luftfull 

fyres. 

XL. 

And  all  the  while  fweet  Muficke  did  divide 

Her  loofer  notes  with  Lydian  harmony  ; 

And  all  the  while  fweete  birdes  thereto  applide 

XXXIX.  8.     And  fivimming  deepe  &c.]     See  the  note  on 
**  J'xvim  in  pleafure,"  F.  Q.  ii.  iii.  39.     Todd. 

XL.  L fwect  Muficke  did  divide]     As  in 

Horace,  "  Imbelli  cithara  carmina  divides,"  Od.  I.  xv.  15. 
Compare  Seneca,  Here.  Oet.  ver.  1080.  "  Orpheus  carmina 
dividens."  Another  paliage  in  Spenler  might  be  mentioned, 
F.  Q.  i.  V.  \7 . 

"   And  all  the  while  moft  heavenly  melody 
"  About  the  hedficcet  muficke  did  divide." 
So  Milton,  Ode  on  the  Pajion,  ver.  4.  "  My  Mufe  with  Angels 
did  divide  to  (ing,"  where?  fee  the  note.     T.  Warton. 

.   XL.  2. ■ with  Lydian  harmony  ;]    The  Lydian 

harmony  was  confidered  as  a  provocative  to  pleafure.  Roger 
Afcham,  in  his  Toxuphilus,  edit.  1,571,  fol.  7,  fays,  "  This  I 
am  fure,  that  Plato  and  Ariftotle  bothe,  in  their  Bookes  en- 
treatinge  of  the  commonwealth,  where  they  lliew  howe  youthe 
fhould  be  brought  vppe  in  iiii  thinges,  in  readinge,  in  writinge, 
in  exercife  of  bodye,  and  finginge,  do  make  mention  of  Muficke 
and  all  kindes  of  it ;  wherein  they  both  agree,  that  [the] 
Muficke  rfed  amonges  the  Lydians  is  very  ill  for  yonge  men, 
which  be  lludentes  for  vertue  and  learning, /or  [on  account  of] 
a  certain  nyce,  fofte,  and  fmothe  f-aeteneffe  of  it,  which  would 
rather  entice  them  to  noughlines  than  Hirre  them  to  honeftye." 
Dryden,  it  may  be  added,  has  adopted  thefe  charaderUticks ; 
■  "  Softly  fweet  in  Lydian  meafures 
^*  Soon  hefooth'd  his  foul  to  pkafares."     Todd, 


272  THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  BOOK  llU 

Their  daintie  layes  and  dulcet  melody, 
Ay  caroling  of  love  and  iollity, 
That  wonder  was  to  heare  their  trim  confort. 
AVhich  when   thoie    Knights   beheld,   with 

fcornefull  eye 
They  fdeigned  llich  lafcivious  difport, 
And  loath'd  the  loofe  demeanure  of  that  wanton 

fort. 

XLI. 

Thence  they  were  brought  to  that  great  Ladies 
vew, 
"Whom   they  found  fitting   on  a  fumptuous 

bed 
That  gliftred  all  with  gold  and  glorious  ihew. 
As  the  proud  Perlian  queenes  accuftomed : 
She  feemd  a  woman  of  great  bountihed 
And  of  rare  beautie,  faving  that  afkaunce 
Her  wanton  eyes  (ill  fignes  of  womanhed) 
Did  roll  too  lightly,  and  loo  often  glaunce, 

AVithout  regard  of  grace  or  comely  amenaunce. 


XL.  i. dulcet  melody,']     So  Milton, 

Far.  L.  B.  i.  711. 

"  with  the  found 

*'  Of  dulcet  fymphonies."     Church. 

XL.  9. fort.]      Company.     See 

Mr.  Warton's  note  on  fort,  F.  Q.  vi.  ix.  5.     Todd. 

XLL  8.  Did  roll  too  lightly,]  This  emendation  was  made 
by  the  firft  folio,  Spenfer's  own  editions  read,  "  Did  roll  too 
highly,"  which  the  edition  of  1751  follows.  All  the  reft  read 
lightly.  Mr.  Upton  here  cites  II  Pet,  n.  14.  "  Having  eye* 
full  of  adultery,  and  that  cannot  ceafe  from  fm,"  {rolling  toO' 
lightly.)     Todd. 


CANTO  I.  THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  273 

XLII. 

Long  worke  it  were,  and  needlefTe,  to  devize 
Their  goodly  entertainement  and  great  glee  : 
She  caufed  them  be  led  in  courteous  wize 
Into  a  bowre,  dilarmed  for  to  be, 
And  cheared  well  with  wine  and  fpiceree : 
The   Redcrofle  Knight  was   foon  difarmed 

there ; 
But  the  brave  Majd  would  not  difarmed  bee, 
But  onely  vented  up  her  umbriere, 

And  fo  did  let  her  goodly  vifage  to  appere. 

XLII.  5.     ■ wiili  wine  and  fpiceree  ;]  Thefe  are 

ufual  recreations,  on  various  occafions,  in  romances.     So,  at 
the  wedding,  in  Bevis  of  Hampton  : 

"  The  Earle  came  and  did  reioyce, 

"  With  Barons  a  great  companie, 

"  And  poflets  made  with  Tpicene, 

"  When  they  had  drunken  wine." 
So  Chaucer,  in  the  Legend  of  Dido,  ver.  185. 

"  'Yhefpicis  parted,  and  the  wine  agon, 

"  Unto  his  ciiamber  he  is  hid  anon." 
The  wine  and  fpicerj/  fliould  feem  indeed  no  improper  refrelh- 
ments  for  wounded  or  weary  knights.  It  appears  to  have  been  a 
cultom  not  to  retire  to  bed  without  them,  whence  the  French  ex- 
Y>reiiionvinde  conge, \v]\ichvvemuixtrani\dte  the  witie  of  difnijffion, in 
other  words,  the  liberty  to  withdraw.  See  L'hylloire  et  piaifante 
Cronicque  du  petit  Jehan  de  Saintre,  4to.  bl.  1.  f.  d.  fol,  xi. 
"  Les  tabours  et  meneftriers  commencerent  a  bien  fonner,  et 
les  cueurs  ioyeux  commencerent  k  dancer ;  puis  k  chanter ; 
tant  que  le  Roy  pour  foy  retraire  demada  les  efpices  &  vin  de 
CONGE."  In  the  romance  of  the  Squire  of  Low  Degree,  various 
forts  of  wine  are  enumerated,  among  which  is  wine  defpice. 

Todd. 
XLII.  8.  Bid  onely  vented  up  her  umbriere,]  Vented  up, 
i.  e.  file  gave  z)e«Mo,  or  lifted  up,  the  vifor  of  her  helmet; 
icore  her  beaver  up,  as  Shakfpeare  exprefles  it  in  Hamlet.  So 
the  Amazonian  Bradamant  lifts  up  her  vental  or  vmbriere,  and 
djfcovers  herfelf  to  Aftolfo,  Orl.  Fur.  C.  xxiii.  10. 

VOL.  IV.  T 


274  THE    FAERIE    QUEENE.  BOOK  III, 

XLIII. 

As  when  fayre  Cynthia,  in  darkefome  night, 
Is  in  a  noyous  cloud  enveloped, 
Where  Ihe  may  linde  the  lubftance  thin  and 

light, 
Breakes  forth  herfilverbeames,and  her  bright 

hed 
Diicovers  to  the  world  difcomfited  ; 
Of  the  poore  traveiler  that  went  aftray 
With  thoufand  bleffmgs  ihe  is  heried : 
Such  was  the  beautie  and  the  (hining  ray, 
With  which  fayre  Britomart  gave  light  unto  the 
day. 

"  Ed  alzo  la  vlfiera 

"  E  chiaratnente  fe  veder  ch'ella  era." 
So  again  to  Eerrau,  C.  xxxv.  78. 

"  Teneva  la  vifiera  alta  dal  vifo." 
Juft  in  the  lame  fonfe  as  in  the  next  Canto,  ft.  24. 

"  Through  whofe  bright  ventayle  lifted  up  on  high 

"  His  manly  face — lookt  forth — " 
The  xentayle  is  the  xcnt  or  breathing  part  of  the  helmet,  which 
is  made  lo  lift  up.  Thus  G.  Douglas,  in  his  verfion  of  Virgil, 
JEn.  xii.  434.  "  Per  galeam,"  throw  his  hclmcs  ventale. 
Chancer  writes  it  nxentailc,  and  after  him  his  imitator  Lydgate. 
'Tis  likewifc  called  HMiZ'nere  irom  ombrare,  becaufe  itfliadows. 
the  face.     Upton. 

XLIII.  1.  As  -when  faijre  Cynlhhi,  in  darkefome  night,  &c.] 
This  is  a  very  elegant  and  happy  allufion.  He  niiglil  have 
taken  the  hint  from  Heliodorus,  p.  223,  where  Chariclea  in  a 
mean  drefs  is  compared  to  the  moon  (hining  through  a  cloud  ; 
010)-  >/(^tfj  avyri  c-iXr.jonccc  ^a^iXui/.TTiv :  Or  rather  he  might  have  in 
view,  (putting  here  the  moon  for  the  fun,)  thofe  poets  whom 
I  Ihallcire  in  a  note  on  V.  Q.  lii.  ix.  20.     Upton. 

XLIII.  5.  Of  the  poore  traveiler  &c.]  Milton  plainly 
■alludes  to  this  paflTage  in  his  INIalk,  vcr.  331. 

"  Unmnffle,  ye  faint  ftars;  and  thou,  fair  moon, 

"  That  wont'U  to  love  the  traveller's  benifon, 

'■''  Stoop  tiiy  pale  vifage  cVc."    Church. 


CANTO   I.  THE  FAERIE  QUEEXE.  275 

XLIV. 

And  eke  thofe  fix,  which  lately  with  her  fought. 
Now  were  difarmd,and  did  themfelves  prefent 
Unto  her  vew,  and  company  unfought ; 
For  they  all  feemed  courteous  and  gent, 
And  all  fixe  brethren,  borne  of  one  parent, 
Which  had  them  traynd  in  all  civilitee. 
And  goodly  taught  to  tilt  and  turnament; 
Now  were  they  liegmen  to  this  Ladie  free, 

And  her  Knio'hts-fervice  ouo-ht,  to  hold  of  her 

in  fee. 

XLV. 
The  firft  of  them  by  name  Gardant^  higl^t, 
A  iolly  perfon,  and  of  comely  vew ; 
The  fecond  was  Parlant^,  a  bold  Knight ; 
And  next  to  him  locante  did  enfew ; 
Bafciant^  did  himfelfe  moll  courteous  fliew ; 
But   fierce   Bacchante   feemd   too  fell  and 

keene ; 
And  yett  in  armes  No6i;ant^  greater  grew : 

XLIV.  8.     . Ladie  free,]     The 

epithet  which  Chaucer  gives   to  Venus,  Kn.  Tale,  ver.  2388. 
edit.  Tyr%vhitt. 

"  Of  fayre  yong  Venus,  frefh  and  free." 
Fair  and  free,  applied  to  the  ladies,  are  commonly  joint 
epithets  in  the  metrical  romances,  as  JMr.  Wai'ton  has  obferved, 
who  alfo  gives  an  inflance  of  free  alone,  from  Syr  Eglamour : 
•'  Criftabell,  your  daughter  free."  The  Lady  of  the  Caftle, 
in  the  romance  of  Tppomedon,  cited  by  JMr.  Warton  in  his 
Hift.  of  Eng.  Poetry,  is  "  gent  and  fre."  The  term  free  is 
equal  to  our  phrafe  of  genteel,  of  free  or  eafy  carriage.  See 
notes  to  Anc.  Scot.  Poems,  ii.  424.     Todd. 

XLIV.  p.     ■  ■  '        .  ought,]  Ouc{/ her.     Church, 

T  2 


276  THE    FAERIE    QUEENE.  BOOK  III. 

All  were  faire  Knights,  and  goodly  well  be- 
leene ; 
But  to  faire  Britomart  thoy  all  but  lliadowes 
beene. 

XL  VI. 
For  ftiee  was  full  of  amiable  grace 

And  manly  terror  mixed  therewithall ; 
That  as  the  one  ftird  up  affe6tions  bace, 
So  th'  other  did  mens  rafli  defircs  apall, 
And  hold  them  backe  that  would  in  error  fall  : 
As  bee  that  hath  efpide  a  vermeill  rofe. 
To  which  Iharp  thornes  and  breres  the  way 

forftall, 
Dare  not  for  dread  his  hardy  hand  expofe, 

But,  wifliing  it  far  off,  his  ydle  widi  doth  lofe. 

XLVII. 
AVhom  when  the  Lady  faw  fo  faire  a  wight, 
All  ignorant  of  her  contrary  fex, 

XLVI.  1.     For  ftiee  \cax  full  of  amiable  grace 

And  manly  terror  6ic.'\    Claudian,  Covf,  Pr.  Sf  01, 
"  Mifcetur  decori  virtus,  pulcherque  I'evero 
"  Armatur  terrore  pudor."     Joktin. 
Compare  Petrarch,  Son.  139.  Parte  prima. 
"   Ed  ha  si  uguale  alle  bellezze  orgoglio, 
"  Che  di  piacere  altrui  par  che  le  fpiaccia." 
P.  Fletcher,  in   his   dcfcription  of  married  Chaftity,  has   not 
forgotten  his  matter  Speuier,  Purp.  Ijl.  l633,  C.  x.  25. 
"  And  in  her  eyes  thoufand  chalte  graces  move, 
"  Checking  v;iin  thoughts  with  awful  majefty." 
With   any  or  all  of  thefe  paflages  Milton's  countenance   of 
Minerv  I  may  be  proudly  compared,  Com.  ver.  150. 
The  "  rigid  looks  of  chafte  aufteritVt 
"  And  noble  grace  that  dafli'd  brute  violence 
"  With  fudden  adoration  and  blank  awe."    Todd. 


CANTO  I.  THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  9,11 

(For  fhee  her  weend  a  frefli  and  luily  Knight,) 
Shee  greatly  gan  enamoured  to  wex, 
And  with  vaine  thoughts  her  falfed  fancy  vex : 
Her  fickle  hart  conceived  hafty  fyre, 
Like  fparkes  of  fire  which  fall  in  fclender  flex, 
That  Ihortly  brent  into  extreme  defyre, 
And  ranfackt  all  her  veines  with  paffion  entyre. 

XLVIII. 

Eftfoones  Ihee  grew  to  great  impatience, 
And  into  termes  of  open  outrage  brufl. 


XLVII.  3.     a  frelh  and  lufty  Knight,]     So 

Gower,  in  his  Confejf.  Amant.  L.  viii.  fol.  175.  b.  calls 
Apollonius,  "  a  yonge,  a  frejlie,  a  lujlie  hnight."  We  may 
obferve  a  fimilar  phrafe  in  Scripture,  "  Making  thee  young 
and  lujly  as  an  eagle."     Todd. 

XLVII.  7.     Like  fparkes  of  fire  &:c.]     Ovid,  Met,  i.  492, 
"   Utque  leves  ftipulaj  demptis  adolentur  ariftis." 
Again,  Met.  vi.  455. 

"  Non  fecus  exarfit — 

"  Quam  fiquis  canis  ignem  fupponat  ariftis."     Upton. 

Ibid. which  falC]     So   I    read  with 

the  poet's  fecond  edition,  to  which  the  folios,  Hughes,  and 
Tonfon's  edition  in  1758,  have  conformed.  The  firft  edition 
reads,  "  Ma^  fall,"  which  the  editions  of  1751,  of  Church, 
and  Upton,  follow;  but  it  was  perhaps  altered  by  the  poet  on 
account  of  the  repetition  of  that  in  the  next  line.     Todd. 

XLVII.  9. tcith  pafion  entyre.]     That 

is,  inward  heat,  "  in-bvrning  fire,"  ft.  53.  See  the  note  on 
F.  Q.  iv.  viii.  23.  Milton  too  ufes  entire  for  inward,  Par.  L. 
B.  X.  8.  "  The  mind  of  man,  with  ftrength  entire  and  free  will 
armd."     Church. 

XLVIII.  2. bruft,]     The  folios  and 

Hughes  improperly  read  burji.  Spenfer's  own  editions  read 
brujl,  which  all  the  reft  follow.  So,  in  the  next  canto,  ft.  ig. 
"  But  brufting  forth  &cc."  Where  Hughes  has  converted  it 
into  burjiing.  Our  old  language  muft  not  thus  be  demoliihed. 
See  G.  Douglas's  Virgil,  B.  xii.  "  The  flambe  out  brafin  kc." 
And   Phaer's   Virgil,  B.  ii.    *'  And  now   the    barres   afunder 

T  3 


27S  THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  BOOK  III. 

That  plaine  dircovered  her  incontmcnce ; 
Ne  reckt  Ihee  who  her  meaning  did  millruft  j 
For  the  was  given  all  to  ilelhly  hill, 
And  poured  forth  in  lenlball  delight, 
'J'hat  all  regard  of  llianie  ilie  had  difcuft, 
And  meet  refpe6l  of  honor  put  to  flight: 

So  fhamelefle  beauty  fooiie  becomes  a  loathly 
light. 

XLIX. 
Faire  Ladies,  that  to  love  captived  arre, 

And  chafte  defires  doe  nourilli  in  your  mind, 
•    Let    not    her   fault    your  fweete   affections 
marre ; 
Ne  blott  the  bounty  of  all  womankind 
•  'Mongfl  thoufands  good,  one  wanton  dame 
to  find : 


Iraj't."  And  the  old  ISIorality  of  Evenj-Man,  Hawkins's  Eng. 
Dr.  i.  60.  "  lliy  heart  to  hrnfL"  And  Hijcke-Scorner,  ib.  78. 
"  His  vaynes  brafte  and  brol'ed."     Todd. 

XLVlil.  7. ■- difcuft,]     Shaken 

off.     Lat.  (lifcuttrc.     Itah  difcojlarc,  to  remove  or  put  away. 

Upton. 
XLIX.  1.  Faire  Ladies,]  Spenfer  apoftrophifes  the  Ladies, 
whom  he  would  not  have  blamed  for  the  fault  of  one.  In  the 
fame  manner  he  addrefl'es  ihcm,  h  ft  tliey  iliould  take  amifs  liis 
epifode  of  Malbecco  and  Ilellenore,  l\  Q.  iii.  ix.  1.  Ariofto 
addreflc'P  them  in  the  fame  n^anner,  which  tlie  reader,  at  his 
leifure,  may  compare  with  Spenfer,  C.  xxii.  1,  and  C.  xxviii.  1. 

Upton. 

XLIX.  4.     ^k  bounty]     Goodncfs.    Fr.  bonte. 

So  Chaucer,  p.  115.  edit.  Urr. 

"  Thou  Maide  and  iMolhir  — 
"  In  whom  that  God  of  hountk  chofe  to  wonne.'* 
See  alfo  the  note  on  F.  Q.  iii.  ix.  4.     Ciiuhcii. 


CANTO  I.  THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  ^79 

Emongft  the  rofes  grow  fome  wicked  weeds : 
For  this  was  not  to  love,  but  luft,  indind  ; 
For  love  does  alwaies  bring  forth  bounteous 
deeds, 

And  in  each  gentle  hart  defire  of  honor  breeds. 

L. 

Nought  fo  of  love  this  loofer  Dame  did  (kill, 
But  as  a  cole  to  kindle  fleflily  flame. 
Giving  the  bridle  to  her  wanton  will. 
And  treading  under  foote  her  honeft  name : 
Such  love  is  hate,  and  fuch  defire  is  fliame. 
Still  did  flie  rove  at  her  with  crafty  glaunce 
Of  her  falfe  eies,  that  at  her  hart  did  ayme, 
And  told  her  meaning  in  her  countenaunce; 

But  Britomart  dilTembled  it  with  ignoraunce, 

LI. 

Supper  was  fhortly  dight,  and  downe  they  fatt ; 

XLIX.  6.  Emongji  the  rofes  grow  fome  wicked  weeds  :"[    That 
is,  noxious.     Compare  Chaucer,  Troilus  and  CrcJ]  i,  gij* 
"  For  thilke  ground  that  beiith  the  wedis  wicke, 
"  Berith  eke  thefe  wholfome  herbis  as  full  oft, 
"  And  nexte  to  the  foule  nettle  rough  and  thicke 
"  The  role  ywexith  fole  :" 
Which    our    old    bard    tranflated  from   Ovid,    Rcmed.  Amor. 
ver,  45. 

"  Terra  falutares  herbas,  eademque  nocentes 

"   Nutrit,  et  urticce  proxima  fajpe  rofa  ert."     Upton. 
XLIX.  8.     For  Love  does  alvcaies  bring  forth  bounteous  deeds. 
And  in  each  gentle  hart  defire  of  honor  breeds.] 
Berni,  Orl  Innam.  L.  ii,  C.  iv.  ff.  3. 

"  Amor  dil.  all'  avarizia,  all'  ozio  bando, 
"  E'  1  core  accende  all'  onorate  imprefe."     Upton. 
L.  p.     But  Britomart  &c.]     That  is,  Britomart   feemed  ais 
though  fhe  uuderftood  her  not.     Ch u rcii 

T  4 


280  THE  FAERIE  QUEEXE.     BOOK  HI. 

Where  they  were  ferved  with  all  fumptuous 

tare, 
Whiles  fruitful!  Ceres  and  Lyaeus  fatt 
Pourd  out  their  plenty,  without  fpight  or 

fpare ; 
Nought  wanted  there  that  dainty  was  and 

rare : 
And  aye  the  cups  their  bancks  did  overflow; 
And  aye  betweene  the  cups  flie  did  prepare 
Way  to  her  love,  and  fecret  darts  did  throw; 
But  Britomart  would  not  fuch  guilfull  meflage 

know. 

Lir. 
So,  when  they  flaked  had  the  fervent  heat 
Of  appetite  with  meates  of  every  fort. 
The  Lady  did  faire  Britomart  entreat 
Her  to  difarme,  and  with  delightfuU  fport 
To  loofe  her  warlike  limbs  and  fl:rong  effort: 
But  when  fhee  mote  not  thereunto  be  wonne, 
(For  fliee  her  fexe  under  that  ftraunge  purport 
Did    ufe    to    hide,   and    plaine    apparaunce 

flionne,) 
In  playner  wife  to  tell  her  grievaunce  flie  be- 

gonne ; 


LII.  5.  To  loofe  her  -xarlilit  limbs  and  Jtrong  effort  i"]  That 
is,  to  let  looie,  or  to  unloofe,  her  warlike  limbs,  and  to  lay 
afide  her  fternneffe,  force  or  effort,  to  loofe  her  effort,  to  relax  a 
little.  The  fame  verb,  with  fome  diffe,'rence  of  fignification,  is 
<ipplied  to  two  different  fubftantives.     Upton. 


CANTO  I.  THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  281 

LIII. 

And  all  attonce  difcovered  her  defire 

With  fighes,  and  lobs,  and  plaints,  and  pite- 
ous griefe, 
The  outward  fparkes  of  her  in-burning  fire : 
Which  fpent  in  vaine,  at  laft  fhe  told  her 

briefe, 
That,  but  if  ilie  did  lend  her  fliort  rehefe 
And  doe  her  comfort,  (he  mote  algates  dye. 
But   the   chafte    Damzell,   that   had   never 

priefe 
Of  fuch  malengine  and  fine  forgerye, 

Did  eafely  beleeve  her  ftrong  extremitye. 

LIV. 
Full  eafy  was  for  her  to  have  beliefe, 
Who  by  felf- feeling  of  her  feeble  fexe. 
And  by  long  triall  of  the  inward  griefe 
Wherewith  imperious  love  her  hart  did  vexe. 
Could  iudge  what   paines  doe  loving  harts 

perplexe. 
Who  means  no  guile,  be  guiled  fooneft  (hall, 
And  to  faire  femblaunce    doth   light  faith 
annexe : 

LIII.  5.    but  if]     Unlefs.    See  alfo  F.  Q.  iii.  xii.  35. 

Thus  Chaucer,  p.  101.  edit.  Urr. 

"  Goth  now,  quoth  flie,  and  doth  my  Lord'is  heft, 
"  But  o  thing  wolde  I  praye  you  of  your  grace, 
"   {But  if  my  Lorde  forbid  it  you,)  at  left 
"  Burie  this  litil  bodie  in  fome  place, 
*'  That  no  beftis  or  foulis  it  may  race."     Church. 
LIII.  8.      Of  fuch  malengine]      Guile.      See  the  note  on 
3Iakngi/i,  F.  Q.  v.  ix.  5.    Todd. 


CS'Jl  ,         THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  BOOK  III. 

The  bird,  that  knowes  not  the  falie  fowlers 
call, 

Into  his  hidden  nett  full  eafely  doth  Ikll. 

\x. 
Porthy  flie  would  not  in  difcourteife  wife 
Scorne  the  taire  offer  of  good  will  profeft; 
For  great  rebuke  it  is  love  to  defpife, 
Or  rudely  fdeigne  a  gentle  harts  requeft ; 
But  with  faire  countenaunce,  as  befeemed 

beft, 
Her  entertaynd  ;  nath'lelTe  fhee  inly  deemd 
Her  love  too  light,  to  wooe  a  wandring  gueft ; 
"Which  Ibe  mifconftruing,  thereby  efteemd 
That  from  like  inward  fire  that  outward  fmoke 
had  fteemd. 

LVI. 

Therewith  awhile  flie  her  flit  fancy  fedd. 
Till  flie  mote  winne  fit  time  for  her  defire  ; 
But  yet  her  wound  ftill  inward  freftily  bledd. 
And  through  her  bones  the  falfe  inftilled  fire 
Did  fpred  itfelfe,  and  venime  clofe  infpire. 

LV.  1.  Forfhi/  Jie  xcould  not  in  difcourteife  wife]  That  is, 
difcourtcoitjly.  So,"  1".  Q.  iii.  ii.  24.  And  "  in  complete  wize," 
i.  e.  compleatly,  "  in  lecrete  wize,"  i,  e.  fecrelly,  F.  Q.  iii. 

vi.  2^.     Lptox. 

LV.  8.     JVhic/i]     That  is,  which  affable  behaviour. 

Church. 

LVI.  4.     And  through  her  bones  thefalfc  inplled  fire 

Did  fpred  itfelfe,  and  xenivie  clofe  infpire.']     Virgil, 

JEn.  iv.  66. 

"  Eft  molles  flamma  medullas 

"  luterea,  et  taciturn  vivit  fub  pedore  vulnus." 

Upton, 


CANTO  r.     THE  FAERIE  QUEEXE.  283 

Tho  were  the  tables  taken  all  away  ; 

And  every  Knight,  and  every  gentle  Squire, 

Gan  choofe  his  Dame  with  hajdomani  gay, 

With  whom   he   ment  to  make  his  fport  and 
courtly  play. 

LVII. 

Some  fell  to  daunce  ;  fome  fell  to  hazardry ; 
Some  to  make  love;  fome  to  make  meryment : 
As  diverle  witts  to  diverfe  things  apply  : 
And  all  the  while  faire  Malecafta  bent 
Her  crafty  engins  to  her  clofe  intent. 


liVI.  8. bafciomani]      With  ba/ciomani, 

Ital.  With  kiffing  her  hands :  a  phraie,  perhaps  common  in 
our  author's  age,  when  Italian  manners  were  univerfally  af- 
feded.     T.  Warton. 

The  phraie  feems  rather  to  be  of  Spanirti  origin,  at  leaft  in 
this  gallant  employment  of  it.  Puttenham,  fpeaking  of  the 
Englifli  ladies,  fays,  "  With  vs  the  wemen  giue  their  mouth  to 
be  kiffed  ;  in  other  places  their  cheek ;  in  many  places  their 
/land,  or,  in  fteed  of  an  offer  to  the  hand,  to  fay  thefe  words, 
Bczo  los  manos."  Arte  of  Englirti  Poelie,  4to.  1589,  p«  239. 
See  alio  Barnabe  Rich's  Faults  and  nothing  hut  Faults,  l6o6y 
p.  8,  where  he  defcribes  an  affefted  traveller,  who,  "  at  his  re- 
turne,  hath  but  fome  few  foolifh  phrafes  in  the  French,  Spanifli, 
or  Italian  language,  with  the  bafelos  manos,  the  ducke,  the  mump, 
and  the  (hrugge,  &c,"     Todd. 

LVII.  1. to  hazardry;]     In  F.  Q.   ii.  v, 

13,  this  word  fignifies  rajhncfs.  Here  it  means  playing  at 
hazard.  Tlie  charaiilers  in  romance  may  be  often  found  amu- 
fing  themfelves  at  paftimes  of  this  kind.  Thus,  in  The  right 
plefaunt  and  goodly  Hillorie  of  the  foure  fonnes  of  Aimon, 
Fol.  155^.  "  Now  was  fet  Berthelot  and  the  worthy  Renawde 
for  to  playe  at  the  dies  which  were  of  y  vory,  whereof  the  boorde 
was  of  gold  mafly,  &c."  fol.  xiv.  See  alfo  ibid.  Ch.  ii.  Hazard 
was  perhaps  the  more  fafhioiiable  game  in  the  reign  of  Elifa. 
beth.     Todd. 


£84  THE  FAEllIE  QUEENE.  BOOK  III. 

By  this  th'  eternall  lampes,  wherewith  high 

love 
Doth  hght  the  lower  world,  were  halfe  yfpent. 
And  the  moift  daughters  of  huge  Atlas  ftrove 
Into  the  ocean  deepe  to  drive  their  weary  drove. 

LVIII. 

Hiiih  time  it  feemed  then  for  everie  wisjht 
Them  to  betake  unto  their  kindly  reft : 
Eftefoones  long  waxen  torches  weren  light 
Unto  their  bowres  to  guyden  every  gueft : 
Tho,  when  the  Britonel^e  faw  all  the  reft 
Avoided  quite,  flie  gan  herfelfe  defpoile, 
And  fate  com  mitt  to  her  foft  fethered  neft  ; 
"Wher  through   long   watch,    and  late  daies 
weary  toile. 

She  found ly   flept,  and  careful!    thoughts  did 

quite  aiToile. 

LIX. 
Now  whenas  all  the  world  in  filence  deepe 

LVII.  8.  And  the  moift  daughters  kc]  The  Hyades,  a 
coiiftellation  of  feveu  ftars  in  the  head  of  the  Bull.  The  clal- 
fick  poets  fuppofe  they  occafion  rain.  Spenfer  therefore  calls 
them  the  wo//?  daughters.     Church. 

L\TII.  4.  Unto  their  howres]  Chambers.  See  the  note  on 
"  inner  bower,"  F.  Q.  i.  viii.  5.     Todd. 

L^'III.  g. aflbile.]     Bid  put  of , 

or  was  freed  from.     See  the  note  on  aj'oile,  F.  Q.  ii.  v.  ]<). 
-^         ■"  Todd. 

LIX.  1.  Now  whenas  all  the  world  Sec]  Mallet,  when  he 
penned  the  original  opening  of  his  beautiful  and  affeding 
Lallad,  might  have  had  this  ftauza  in  his  mind.  He  is  cer- 
tainly now  and  then  a  gleaner  of  old  Englidi  poetry.  And  his 
ballad  thus  began  : 


CANTO  I.  THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  285 

Yftirovvded  was,  and  every  mortall  wight 
Was  drowned  in  the  depth  of  deadly  lleepe  ; 
Faire  Malecalla,  whofe  engrieved  fpright 
Could  find  no  reft  in  fuch  perplexed  plight, 
Lightly  arofe  out  of  her  wearie  bed, 
And,  under  the  blacke  vele  of  guilty  night, 
Her  with  a  fcarlott  mantle  covered 

That  was  with  gold  and  ermines  faire  enveloped. 

LX. 

Then  panting  fofte,  and  trembling  every  ioynt. 
Her  fearfuU    feete  towards  the    bowre   ihe 

mov'd. 
Where  fhe  for  fecret  purpofe  did  appoynt 
To  lodge  the  warlike  Maide,  unwiiely  loov'd  ; 
And,  to  her  bed  approching,  firft  Ihe  proov'd 

"  When  all  was  wrapt  in  dark  midnight, 
"  And  all  were  fall  afleep,  6cc." 
This  introdudioa  he  injudicioufly  converted  into   a  cold  and 
quaint  periphrafis : 

"  Twas  at  the  filent  folemn  hour, 

"  When  night  and  morning  meet !"     Todd. 
LX.  1.     Then  pa/iting  iohe,]     Breathing /ofif/y.     So  Milton 
ufes  the  adjedive  adverbially,  Par.  L.  B.  v.  17. 

"  then  with  voice 

*'  Mild,  as  when  Zephyrus  on  Flora  breathes, 
*'  Her  hand  foft  touching,  whifper'd  &c."     Church. 
LX.  5.     And,  to   her   bed   approching,  &c.]       This  paiTage 
might  have  been  imitated  from  the  following,  Virg.  Ceiris,  208. 
"  Cum  furtim  tacito  defcendens  Scylla  cubili 
"  Auribus  arredis  no6tunia  filentia  tentat, 
"  Et  preflis  tenuem  fingultibus  atira  captat  : 
"  Turn  fufpenfa  levans  digitis  veltigia  primis 
"  Egreditur." 
Compare  alio  Ovid,  Fajl.  i.  425,  TibuUus,  El.  ii.  75,  and  Ari- 
ofto,  C.  xxviii.  62,  63.     Upton. 


286  THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  BOOK  III* 

Whether  (he  flept  or  wakte :  -with  her  fofte 

hand 

She  foftely  felt  if  any  member  moov'd, 

And  lent  her  wary  eare  to  underftand 

If  any  puffe  of  breath  or  figne  of  fence  {hee 

fond. 

LXI. 

Which  whenas  none  (lie  fond,  with  eafy  fliifte, 
For  feare  leaft  her  unwares  flie  fliould  abrayd, 
Th'  embroder'd  quilt  Ihe  lightly  up  did  lifte, 
And  by  her  fide  herfelfe  flie  foftly  layd, 
Of  every  finelt  fingers  touch  affrayd  ; 
Ne  an}^  noife  flie  made,  ne  word  Ihe  fpake. 
But  inly  fighd.     At  laft  the  royall  Mayd 
Out  of  her  quiet  flomber  did  awake. 

And  chaunjrd  her  wearv  fide  the  better  eafe  to 
take. 

LX.  8. her  wary  care]  Her  cautious  and  atten- 
tive ear.  I  adopt  this  emendation,  with  Mr.  Hughes  and  Mr. 
Church,  from  the  firft  folio.  Spenfer's  own  editions  read 
iceary,  which  Mr.  Upton  however  confiders  as  the  Anglo-Sax. 
fpelling,  pa^pe,  cautus.     Todd. 

LX.  9.     fond,]     The  folios  read 

fand,  as  the  rhyme  directs  ;  but  I  believe  Spenfer  gave  it,  hand, 
underftand,  fond.  See  the  next  canto,  it.  52,  fond,  withftond. 
And  here  immediately  follows,  "  Which  whenas  none  flie 
fond."     Up.Toy. 

Mr.  Church  filently  reads,  hond,  vnderjlond,  fond.  Hughes 
and  Tonfon's  edition  in  1758  follow  the  reading  of  the  folios. 
The  editions  of  J  751  and  Mr.  Upton  adopt  the  poet's  own  text, 
which  I  have  followed.  Some  deviations  from  the  exactnefs 
here  required  muft  be  expefted  in  fo  long  a  poem.  Thus,  in 
the  third  ftanza  of  this  canto,  we  have  overronne,  furine,  won7i€  ;^ 
upon  which,  however,  the  criticks  are  filent.     Todd.  1 ' 

LXI.  2. abrayd,]     Awake.     See  the 

note  on  did  out  of  Jlccp  abray,  F.  Q.  iv.  vi.  06.    Todd. 


CANTO  I.  THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  287 

LXII, 

Where  feeling  one  clofe  couched  by  her  fide. 
She  hghtly  lept  out  of  her  filed  bedd, 
And  to  her  weapon  ran,  in  minde  to  gride 
The  loathed  leachour :  but  the  Dame,  halfe 

dedd 
Through  fuddeine  feare  and  ghaftly  drerihedd 
Did  flirieke  alowd,  that  through  the  hous  it 

rong. 
And  the  whole  family  therewith  adredd 
Ralhly  out  of  their  rouzed  couches  fprong, 

And  to  the  troubled  chamber  all  in  armes  did 

throng. 

LXIII. 

And  thofe  fixe  Knightes,  that  Ladies  cham- 
pions, 

And  eke  the  RedcrolTe  Knight  ran  to  the 
ftownd, 

Halfe  armd  and  halfe  unarmd,  with  them 
attons : 

Where  when  confufedly  they  came,  they 
fownd 

Their  Lady  lying  on  the  fencelefle  grownd : 

On  th'  other  fide  they  faw  the  warlike  Mayd 


LXII.  2.     uitf  of  her  filed  hcdd,']     Out   of  her 

defiled  he(\.     See  the  note  onyi7e,Shep.  Cal,  Jj/Zj/.     Todd. 

LXII.  3.     ■ to  gride]     See   the  notes  on 

gride,  Shep.  Cal.  I'ebruaric.     Todd. 

LXII.  8.  Raflily]  Inconjiderately,  not  knowing  why  or- 
wherefore.     Church. 


28S  THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.     BOOK  III, 

A\  in  her  fnow-white  fmockc,  with  locks  un- 

bownd, 
Threatning  the  point  of  her  avenging  blade ; 
That  with  fo  troublous  terror  they  were  all  dil- 

mayd. 

LXIV. 
About  their  Ladye  firfl;  they  flockt  arownd ; 
Whom  having  laid  in  comfortable  couch, 
Shortly  they  reard  out  of  her  frofen  fwowhd  ; 
And  afterwardcs  they  gan  with  fowle  reproch 
To  ftirre  up  ftrife,  and  troublous  contecke 

broch : 
But,  by  enfample  of  the  lafl  dayes  lofie. 
None  of  them  raflily  durft  to  her  approch, 
Ne  in  fo  glorious  fpoile  themfelves  embofife  : 
Her  fuccourd  eke  the  Champion  of  the  Bloody 

Crolle. 

LXV. 
But  one  of  thofe  fixe  knights,  Gardant^  hight. 
Drew  out  a  deadly  bow  and  arrow  keene, 
"Which  forth  he  fent  with  felonous  defpight 
And  fell  intent  againft  the  Virgin  (heene: 
The  mortall  fteele  ftayd  not  till  it  was  feene 

LXIV.  5. contecke]     Spenfer  here, 

when  he  might  have  ufed  conteji,  choolVs  rather  Chaucer's  ob» 
folate  term  conteck.     Thus,  in  the  Knights  Tale,  ver.  2006. 

"  Conteke  with  bloody  knyves,  and  fliarpe  menace." 
See  alfo  Noimes  Pr.  T.  ver.  10047.     Our  poet  had  ufed  it  be- 
fore in  his  Mai/  and  September.     T.  Warton. 

LXIV.  S. embofle  :]      Adorn.      See 

the  note  on  emboje,  F.  Q.  iv,  iv.  15.     To  dp. 


CANTO   T.  THE  FAERIE  QUEEXE.  289 

To   gore  her  tide ;  yet  was  the  wound  not 

deepe, 
But  Hghtly  rafed  her  foft  filken  ilLin, 
That   drops    of  purple    blood    thereout  did 
weepe, 
Which  did  her  iilly  fmock  with  ftaines  of  ver- 
meil fteep. 

LXVI. 

Wherewith  enrag'd  (he  fiercely  at  them  flew, 
And  with  her  flaming  fword  about  her  layd, 
That   none    of  them   foule  mifchiefe    could 

efchew, 
But  W'ith   her  dreadfull  ftrokes  were  all  dif- 

mayd  : 
Here,  there,    and  every   where,   about   her 

fwayd 
Her  w  rathfull  Heele,  that  none  mote  it  ab  y  de ; 
And  eke   the   Redcroife    Knight  gave    her 

good  ayd. 
Ay  ioyning  foot  to  foot,  and  fyde  to  fyde ; 
That  in  iliort  fpace  their  foes  they  have  quite 

terrifyde. 

LXV.  7.     But  lightly  rafed  herfoftfilkenjkin, 

That  drops  of  purple  blood  thereout  didwrepe, 
Which  did  her  Iilly  fmock  withjtaines  ofvenneiljieep.] 
Compare  this  palTage  with  F.  Q.  i.  v.  9-    i  believe  our  poet  had 
Homer  in  view,  where  Menelaus  is  wounded ;  for  he  almolt 
literally  tranflates  him,  //.  ^.  139- 

Akpotutov  6   a,p   oi'roi;  iViyea.^'S  %£°*  ^WTo{' 

When  Menelaus  was  wounded,  'tis  added  that  the  purple  blood 
flowed  down  and  ftaiued,  his  thighs  and  feet  jult  as  when  ivory 
is  ftained  with  vermillion.     Upton. 

VOL.  IV.  U 


290  THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  BOOK  III. 

LXVII. 

Tho,  whenas  all  were  put  to  lliamefull  flight, 
The  noble  Britomartis  her  arayd, 
And  her  bright  armes  about  her  body  dight: 
For  nothing  would  Ihe  lenger  there  be  ftayd, 
Where  fo  loofe  life,  and  fo  ungentle  trade, 
Was  ufd   of  Knightes  and   Ladies  feeming 

gent  : 
So,    carel}^,    ere   the   grofle    earthes  gryefy 

fliade 
Was  all  difperft  out  of  the  firmament, 
They  tookc  their  Heeds,  and  forth  upon  their 

iourney  went. 

LXMI.  7.     ■ the  grojTe  earthes  gryefy  fliade]     Quaere, 

g)'ij(JIj/,  i.  e.  grifly,  horrible.     Church. 

So  "  gricjlji  night,"  F.  Q.  i.  v.  '20,  iv.  vii.  QQ.  "  Grie/li/  flia- 
dows,"  V.  Q.  ii.  vii.  .51,  lii,  iv.  .^-t.  "  Gricjbj  Jhade,"  F.  Q.  iii. 
vi.  37.  "  Griejlii  Jhudcs  of  night,"  F.  Q.  v.  x.  33.  If  we  keep 
the  received  reading  "  gryvfy  Jfiade,"  we  mull  interpret  it 
(though  foiiKwhat  far-fetclied)  fiwijl,  humid,  as  in  Virgil,  JEn. 
ii.  8.  "  Hiimidu  nox."  And  in  JEn.  iii.  589.  "  Hvmentc7iique 
Aurora  polo  dimoverat  umbram."  Again,  in  ^ji.  iv.  351. 
"  Iliimrvtibus  iniibris,"  Let  the  reader  pleafe  himfelf ;  though 
I  thuik  tlic  place  is  to  be  altered  rather  than  interpreted. 

UpxaN. 

Gryefy  is  probably  the  true  reading,  as  the  context  "  grofe 
earth"  feems  to  countenance  it.  G.  Douglas,  in  his  tranllatioii 
of  Virgil,  B.  iii.  fays, 

*'  the  dirk  nycht 

"  With  hir  do/ik  fchaddow  hydis  of  the  erth  the  ficht :" 
Where  donk  is  ufed  for  7itt  or  nioijt.     So  Spenfer  may  have  in- 
tended gryefy  for  dirty,  moiji,   or  foggy.     Nor  would  he,   I 
tliink,  have  introduced  the  epithet  grufc,  if  he  had  not  written 
gryefy,  howt'ver  quaint  it  may  appear.     Todd. 


CANTO  II.     THE  FAEKIE  QUEENE.  £91 


CANTO    IL 

The  Redcrojfe  Knight  to  Britomart 

Defcribeth  Ai^  teg  all : 
The  wojidrous  Myrrhour,  by  xvhichjhe 

In  love  with  hi7n  did  fall. 

I. 

HERE  have  Icaule  in  men  iuft  blame  to  find, 
That  in  their  proper  praife  too  partiall  bee, 
And  not  indiiferent  to  woman  kind, 
To  whom  no  (hare  in  armes  and  chevah'ee 
They  doe  impart,  ne  maken  memoree 
Of  their  brave  geftes  and  prowefle  martiall : 
Scarfe  do  they  fpare  to  one,  or  two,  or  three, 
Rowme  in  their  writtes;  yet  the  fame  writing 
fmall 

Does  all  their  deedes  deface,  and  dims  their 

glories  all. 

II. 
But  by  rec6rd  of  antique  times  I  finde 

That  wemen  wont  in  warres  to  beare  molt 
fway^ 

I.  1.  Here  have  I  caufe  in  men  iuji  blame  to  find.,  &c.]  See 
the  notes  on  F,  Q.  iii.  iv.  1.     Todd. 

I.  3.  indifferent]  Impartial.  So,  in  our  Li- 
turgy, of  the  magiftrates :  "  That  they  may  truly  and  indiffer- 
ently minifter  juftice  to  the  punifhmeut  of  wickednel's  and  vice, 
&c."    Todd. 

U  2 


292  THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  BOOK  III, 

And  to  all  great  exploites  themfelves  inclin'd, 
Of  which  they  ftill  the  girlond  bore  away; 
Till  envious  men,  fearing  their  rules  decay, 
Can   coyne    flreight    lawes    to    curb   their 

liberty : 
Yet,  fith  they  warlike  amies  have  laide  away, 
They  have  exceld  in  artes  and  poll  icy. 
That  now  we    fooliili  men  that  prayfe  gin  eke 
t  envy. 

III. 
Of  warlike  puilTaunce  in  ages  fpent, 

Be  thou,   faire   Britomart,   whofe  prayfe  I 

wryte  ; 
But  of  all  wifedom  bee  thou  precedent, 
O  foveraine  Queene,  whofe  prayfe  I  would 

endyte, 
Endite  1  would  as  devvtie  doth  excyte  ; 
But  ah  !  my  rymes  too  rude  and  rugged  arre, 
^\  hen  in  fo  high  an  obie6t  they  doe  lyte, 
And,  Striving  fit  to  make,  I  feare,  doe  marre: 


III.  7.     n/ien  in  fo  high  an  obufi  See]     hi  is  often  ufed  in 
old  writers,  where  now  we  ui'ejjii.     Tlius,  in  F.  Q.  iii.  iv.  l6'. 

"  Bnt  flie  againe  him  in  the  fliield  did  fmite." 
We  fhould  fay,  "  on  the  (hield."     Again,  F.  Q.  v.  iv.  40. 

"  And  in  his  necke 

"  Her  proud  foot  fetling." 
So   Milton,  Far.  L.   B.  i.  52.  "  Rolling  in    the  fiery  flood." 
Again,   B.  i.  324.    "  Rolling  in  the  flood."    Again,  B.  iii.  448. 
"  All  who  in  vain  things  built  their  fond  hope."     Thefe  paf- 
fages  of  Milton  Dr.  Bentley  alters,     Upton. 

III.  8.     And,  Jlrivipg  Jit  ^y  make.  1  feare,  (/oc  marre  :]      Mr. 
Uptou  reoiurks,    that  make,   iu  this  paflUgc,  flgnifies  to  vcrjifi/, 


CANTO   II.  THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  QQS 

Tbyfelfe    thj   prayfes    tell,    and    make    them 
knowen  farre. 


noiEIN,  verfvsfacere.  But  there  is  reafon  to  think,  that  make 
is  here  opp(;l'ed  Lo  marre,  in  the  iame  fenfe  as  it  is  in  the  fol- 
lowing lines,  F,  Q.  iv.  i.  29. 

"  Likewile  unequall  were  her  handes  twaine, 
"  That  one  did  reach,  the  other  pnflit  away, 
"  That  one  did  male,  the  other  mar d  againe." 
Make  and  7narr  were   thus  ul'ed  together,   as  it  were  prover- 
bially.  in  our  author's  age.     Thus  Harington,  in  his  Ariofto, 
B.  V."'  19. 

"  In  vaine  I  feeke  my  duke's  love  to  expound, 
"  The  more  I  feeke  to  make,  the  more  1  mard." 
Again,  B.  xx,  52. 

"  Yes,  anfwer'd  Guidon,  be  I  made  or  mardJ" 
Again,  B.  xxx.  9. 

"  Ten  years  would  hardly  7nake  that  he  would  marr" 
Thus  alfoG.Turberville,  To  theCouiifeJ'a  of  fVarwick,  Ann.  1570. 

"  Should  make  or  marre  as  fiie  law  caufe." 
And  in  thefe  lines  from  an  old  tranflation  of  Ovid,  quoted  by 
the  author  of  The  Arte  of  E?iglijh  Poefie  :  Medea  of  her  chil- 
dren :  B.  iii,  C.  19. 

*'  Was  I  not  able  to  vmke  them  I  pray  you  tell, 
"  And  am  I  not  able  to  marre  them  as  well  ?" 
Again,  in  an  old  bombalt  play  ridiculed  by  Shakefpeare, 
"  And  make  and  marre  the  foolilh  fates,"  Midf.  N.  Dr.  A.  iv, 
S.  i.  But  it  is  neediefs  to  multiply  examples  ;  nor  do  I  believe 
that  the  phrafe  is  now  quite  obfolete  in  converfation.  The 
meaning  therefore  of  the  lines  before  us  is,  "  My  verfes  are 
quite  unpoliihed  for  fo  fublime  a  fubjed,  fo  that  I  Ipoil  or 
deftroy,  inftead  of  producing  or  executing,  any  thing  great  or 
perfect." 

In  the   paftoral  Junk,  jwaAt  is  manifeftly  ufed   in  the   fenfe 
'oerjify',  and  for  this  we  have  moreover  the  teftimony  of  E.  K. 
"  The  god  of  fliepheards  Tityrus  is  dead, 
"  Who  taught  me  homely  as  I  can  to  make." 
Again,  in  Colin  Clouts  come  home  again  : 

"   Befides  her  peerlefle  fkill  ni  maki/ig  well, 
"  And  ail  the  ornaments  of  wondrous  wit." 
That   is,    queen  Elifabeth,  whom   in   another  place  he  calls  a 
peerlrj'e  poetejj'e.     Agam,  in  his  Aprill. 

"  And  hath  he  f!<ill  to  make  fo  excellent, 
♦«  Yet  hath  lb  little  Ikill  to  bridle  love  ?" 

u  3 


£94  THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  BOOK  III, 

IV. 

She,  travelling  Mith  Guyon,  hy  the  way 

The  author  of  T/ie  Arte  of  Eiigli/h  Pocfie  generally  uTcs 
maker  (ot  poet,  noiHTHX,  and,  if  we  believe  Sir  J.  liaringtoii, 
it  was  tliut  author  who  Jirft  brought  this  exprelTion,  the  figuifi- 
cancy  of  wliich  is  nuich  commended  by  Sir  P.  Sidney,  and  Jon- 
fon,  into  faihion  about  the  ape  of  queen  Klifabeth,  "  Nor  tt) 
difpute  how  high  and  fupernatural  the  name  of  a  Maker  is,  fo 
chriftned  in  Englilh,  by  that  unknownc  godfather,  that  this  lafi 
year  fave  one,  viz.  1589,  f^'t  forth  a  booke  called  7'/ic  Arte  of 
Englijh  Puejie."  See  the  Apologie  for  Poefie  before  Ariofto. 
His  name  is  Puttenham.     T.  Wautok. 

III.  9.  Thyfelfe  thy  praijfes  tell,]  This  feems  taken  from  the 
addrefs  ofTibuUus  to  Meflala  : 

"   Nee  tua  praeter  te  chartis  intexere  quifquam 
**  Fada  queat,  dictis  ut  non  majora  fuperfint." 

Uptov. 

IV.  1.  She,  traveiling  •with  Gu3-on,  by  the  way  Ike]  Here 
is  certainly  a  blunder,  whatever  was  the  occafion  of  it.  Guyon, 
in  the  firU  canto  of  this  book,  encounters  Britomart ;  after 
their  reconciliation  he  goes  in  queft  of  Florimell :  but  (he  went 
forward,  as  lay  her  Journey,  and  fees  fix  Knights  attacking  one, 
winch  was  the  RedcrofTe  Knight,  or  St.  George  ;  whofe  adven- 
ture is  told  in  the  tirft  book  :  him  fhe  refcnes ;  and  then  St. 
George  and  Britomart  go  together  to  Caftle  Joyous;  which 
having  left  they  are  now  travelling  together.  It  iliould  have 
been  written  therefore  ; 

"  She  traveiling  with  the  Redcrojfe  Knight,  by  fh'  way 
"   C)f  fundry  thinges  faire  purpofe  gan  to  find — " 
He  is  called  the  RedcrofTe  Knight  below,  C.  2.  ft.  16,  and  C. 
3.  It.  62.     And  above  in  this  book,  C.  1.  ft.  4-2,   ft.  63.     And 
Una  is  hinted  at  by  the  Erravt  Damozell.     See  note  on  1".  Q. 
iii.  i.  24.     See  likewife  tiic.  argunu^nt  to  this  canto. 
"  The  liedcrojje  Km^ht  to  Britomart 
"   Defcribeth  Artegall."     Uptox. 
I  have  \teu  a  copy  of  the  firft  edition,  in  which  Guyon  is  here 
erafed  with  the  pen  ;  and  over  it  ib  written  in  an  old  and  pro- 
bably  coeval    hand   Redcros.       And    certainly   the   line    runs 
fmoother  thus,  than  with  Mr.  Upton's  emendation. 
"  She,  traveiling  witli  ILcdcrolfe,  by  the  way 
"  Of  fondry  thiuges  faire  purpofe  gan  to  find," 
We  may  alfo  find  Redcrojj'c  without  Knight  adjoined  to  it,  in 
F.  Q.  i.  vii.  48. 

"  O  heavie  recoxd  of  the  good  Redcrojfe."     Todd. 


CANTO   n.  THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  29^ 

Of  fondry  thinges  faire  purpofe  gan  to  find, 

T'abridg  their  iourney  long  and  lingring  day : 

Mongft  which  it  fell  into  that  Fairies  mind 

To  aike  this  Briton  Maid,  what  uncouth  wind 

Brought  her  into  thofe  partes,  and  what  in- 

queft 

Made  her  diiTemble  her  difguifed  kind : 

Faire  Lady  iVie  him  feemd  like  Lady  dreft, 

But  faireft  Knight  alive  when  armed  was  her 

breft. 

V. 

Thereat  flie  fighing  foftly  had  no  powre 

To  fpeake  awhile,  ne  ready  anfwere  make ; 

But  with    hart-thrilling  throbs    and   bitter 

ftowre, 

As  if  Ihe  had  a  fever  fitt,  did  quake. 

And  every  daintie  limbe  with  horrour  fhake  ; 

And  ever  and  anone  the  roly  red 

Flaflrit  through  her  face,  as  it  had  beene  a 

flake 

Of  liohtnino;  through  briirht  heven  fulmined  : 

O  O  O  o 

At  laft,  the  paiiion  paft,  ihe  thus  liiai  anfwered  : 


IV.  6,     and  what  inqueft 

Made  her  dijjanhle  her  difguifed  kind  :]  And  what 
quejl  or  adventure,  which  (lie  now  was  in  purluit  of,  made  her 
diHemble  her  kind,  nature  or  lex.     Upton. 

V.  8.      fuhniued ;]       Fulmmed   is   a   word    which 

Milton  ufes,  fpcaking  of  the  orators,  who  "  (hook  the  arfenal, 
and  fulmined  over  Greece,"  Far.  Reg.  B.  iv.  270.  Uihon  al- 
ludes to  a  well  known  Greek  verfe  applied  to  Periclt:s. 

UrTON. 

u  4 


£9^  THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.     BOOK  III. 

VI. 

"  Faire  Sir,  I   let  you  weete,  that   from  the 
how  re 
I  taken  was  from  nourfes  tender  pap, 
I  have  been  trained  up  in  warhke  Itowre,  . 
To  toflen  ipeare  and  ihiekl,  and  to  aft>ap 
Tiie  warhke  ryder  to  his  moft  mifhap  ; 
Sithence  I  loathed  have  my  life  to  lead. 
As  Ladies  wont,  in  Pleafures  canton  lap, 
'i'o  Mnger  the  line  needle  and  nyce  thread  ; 

Me  lever  were  with  point  of  foemans  fpearebe 
dead. 


Vl.  1.  Faire  Sir,  I  lei  you  weete.  Sec]  If  the  reader  will  at 
his  leifure  compare  this  and  the  following  Itauza  with  what  is 
Inid  of  Clarinda  in  Taflo,  C.  ii.  39,  40  ;  of  Camilla  in  Virgil, 
ji^n.  vii.  803  ;  and  of  A(byte  in  bilius  Ital.  L.  ii.  68  ;  he  may 
fee  fome  plain  imitations.  However  unnatural  fighting  ladies 
and  heroines  appear  in  plain  profe,  yet  they  make  no  unpot- 
tical  figure,  when  fet  oti'  with  a  lively  imagination:  and  yet  old 
Homer  admits  no  earthly  females  to  mingle  in  battle  among 
the  Greeks  and  Trojans.     Uptox. 

Fi^i'tin^  ladies  (to  ufe  JMr.  Upton's  exprefTion)  often  make 
a  confiderable  figure  in  romance.  Many  examples  might  be 
adduced.  I  will  juft  mention,  that,  in  the  Hiflory  of  Ii  von  de 
Bordeaux,  there  is  a  very  iiiterefting  defcription  of  "  la  nolle 
jfdulle  Ide,"  to  whofe  remarkable  valour  the  victory  of  her  parly 
is  atlrihuied.  "  Finablement  par  .a  haute  prouelTe  de  la  noble 
pucellc  ide,  le  roy  d'  efpaigne  fut  prins,  et  tons  fes  gens  dcs- 
conlitf,  (S:c."  p.  398.   Paris  edit.  8vo.  s.  d.     Todd. 

VI.  A. affrap]     Strike  doun.  Ital. 

ajfrapaie.  Fr.  Jraper.      In  F.  Q.    ii.  i.    ;:6",   it  fignifies   to   en- 
coituter.     Upton. 

VT.  9.  Me  lever  ■were']  I  had  rather,  or  it  would  be  mare 
agreeable  to  me.  So  Chaucer,  Frank.  Prol  IOO90,  edit. 
I'yrwhitt. 

"  It  were  me  lever  than  twenty  pound  worth  lond." 


CANTO   II.  THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  297 

VII. 

"  All  my  delight  on  deedes  of  armes  is  fett, 
To  hunt  out  perilles  and  adventures  hard, 
By  fea,  by  land,  wherefo  they  may  be  mett, 
Onely  for  honour  and  for  high  regard, 
Without  refpe6t  of  richeffe  or  reward : 
For  fuch  intent  into  thefe  partes  I  came, 
Withouten  compaffe  or  withouten  card, 
Far  fro  my  native  foyle,  that  is  by  name 

The  Greater  Brytayne,  here  to  feeke  for  praife 

and  fame. 

VIII. 
"  Fame  blazed  hath,  that  here  in  Faery  Lond 
Doe   many    famous    Knightes    and   Ladies 

wonne, 
And  many  (traunge  adventures  to  bee  fond, 

And,  in  Beris  of  Hampton  : 

"  When  lofiau  heard  flie  (hould  be  a  queene, 

*'  Againlt  her  will  it  was,  I  weene ; 

"  She  had  lever  withouten  lelVe 

"  To  have  been  fir  Bevis  CoiintefTe." 
Lexer  is  the  comparative  degree  of  the  Saxon   adje(^ive  hfe^ 
or  leif,  agreeable.     See  Glolf.  Douglas's  '\'irgil,  v.  Lnar. 

Todd. 
VII.  9-  Tfie  Greater  Brytayne,]  To  dilnnguifh  it  from  the 
Lefler  Britany  in  France.  The  reader  will  pleafe  to  remember 
that,  throughout  this  poem,  the  Britons  (the  people  of  \Vales) 
are  all  along  dillinguilhed  from  the  Englilh  and  Scotch  ;  and 
that  England  alone  (as  divided  from  Scotland  and  Wales)  is 
the  icenfi  of  Faerie  Laud-     Ciiuiicn. 

VIIL  '2. wonne,]       Dwell.      The 

fame  word  rhymes  to  -wonue,  i.  e.  acquired,  (as  here,)  in  the 
preceding  canto,  ft.  3..  Words,  thus  Ipelt  alike,  but  of  difi'erent 
lignitication,  are  frequently  employed  as  rhymes  to  each  other 
in  Italian  and  alio  in  old  Engliih  poetry.    Todd. 


298  THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  BOOK  III. 

Of  which  great  worth  and  worflilp  may  be 

wonne : 
Which  to  prove,  I  this  voyage  have  begonne. 
But  rnote   I  weet  of  you,  right   courteous 

Knight, 
Tydings  of  one  that  hath  unto  me  donne 
Late  foule  difhonour  and  reprochfull  fpight, 
The  which  I  feek  to  wreake,  and  Arthegall  he 

hight/' 

IX. 
The  worde  gone  out  ilie  backe  againe  would 

call, 
As  her  repenting  fo  to  have  miiTayd, 
But  that  he,  it  iiptaking  ere  the  fall. 
Her  fliortly  anfwered;  "  Faire  martiall  Mayd, 
Certes  ye  mifavifed  beene  t'  upbrayd 
A  gentle  Knight  with  fo  imknightly  blame  : 
For,  weet  ye  well,  of  all  that  ever  playd 


VIII.  5.  IVhich  to  prove,  I  this  xoyage  have  begonne.]  So 
the  fjiil;  edition  with  better  accent,  and  more  poetical,  I  think, 
than  the  fecond  and  the  folios : 

"  ^Vhich  /  (u  prove,  this  voyage  have  begonne." 
The  beginning  with  a  trochee  makes  the  accent  tall  ftronger 
on  /.     Ui'TON. 

Mr.  Ciu'rch  has  alfo  followed  the  original  reading.  The 
reft  conform  to  the  fecond  edition.     Todd. 

IX.  1.  The  -worde  gone  out,  Jhe  backe  againe  would  call,  &c..] 
Perhaps  our  i)oet  had  Taflb  in  view,  where  Erminia  fearing  (he 
has  difcoverrd  her  love,  rafting  down  her  eyes,  wiHies  to  have 
recalled  hf:r  laft  worris,  C.  xix.  £)0. 

"  R  chino  gli  occhi,  e  I'ultime  parole 

"  Ililener  voile,  c  non  ben  le  diftcnfc."     Upton. 


CANTO  II.     THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  ^99 

At  tilt  or  tourney,  or  like  warlike  game, 
The  noble  Arthegall  hath  ever  borne  the  name. 


X. 


a 


)> 


Forthy  great  wonder  were  it,  if  fuch  Ihame 
Should  ever  enter  in  his  bounteous  thought, 
Or  ever  doe  that  mote  deferven  blame : 
The  noble  corage  never  weeneth  ought 
That  may  unworthy  of  itfelfe  be  thought. 
Therefore,  faire  Damzell,  be  ye  well  aware. 
Lead  that  too  farre  ye   have  your  forrow 

fought : 
You  and  your  Countrey  both  I  wiih  welfare, 
And  honour  both;  for  each  of  other  worthy  are. 

XI. 

The  royall  Maid  woxe  inly  wondrous  glad, 
To  heare  her  Love  fo  highly  magnifyde ; 
And  ioyd  that  ever  flie  affixed  had 
Her  hart  on  Knight  fo  goodly  glorifyde, 
However  finely  Ihe  it  faind  to  hyde. 


X.  4.     The  noble  corage  never  •weeneth  ovght 

That  may  unworthy  of  itfelfe  be  thought.]  The  noble 
mind  never  entertains  a  thought  unworthy  of  itfelf.  Corage  is 
uled  for  heart  or  mind,  often  by  our  poet,  as  well  as  by  Chaucer. 
"  Vir  bonus,  non  modo  facere,  fed  ne  cogitare  quidem,  quid- 
quam  audebit,  quod  non  audeat  prjsdicare."  Cic.  De  Off,  L. 
iii.  This  is  the  greateft  inftance  of  that  felf-reverence,  which 
every  honeft  man  pays  to  his  own  mind :  UatnTcov  ^t  (j.uhir  o(,\ijylno 
ffuvclv  was  the  Pythagorean  precept :  indeed  this  is  the  higheft 
Itate  of  moral  freedom ;  namely,  to  have  it  in  our  power  to 
give  a  final  anfvver  to  perturbed  paffions,  and  to  controul  evil 
phantafms,  and  to  check  unworthy  thoughts  :  Thefe  are  the 
monfters  which  the  goodly  Knights  are  expelling  from  Fairy 
land.     Upton. 


300  THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  BOOK  III. 

The  loving  mother,  that  nine  monethes  did 

beare 
In  the  deare  clofett  of  her  painefull  fyde 
Her  tender  babe,  it  feeing  fate  appeare, 
Doth  not  fo  much  reioyce  as  ihe  reioyced  theare. 

XII. 

But  to  occafion  him  to  further  talke, 

To  feed  her  humor  with  his  pleafmg  ftyle. 
Her  hi},  in  ftryfuU  termes  with  him  to  balke. 
And  thus  replyde ;  *'  Howe\er,  Sir,  ye  fyle 
Your  courteous  tongue  his  prayfes  to  compyle, 
It  ill  befeemes  a  Knight  of  gentle  fort. 
Such  as  ye  have  him  boafted,  to  beguyle 


XT.  6.  The  lotijig  mother  that  vine  months  did  heare,  &c.] 
Perhaps  he  h;id  in  view  John  xvi.  21.  "A  woman  when  Ihe  is 
in  traveil,  hath  forrow  :  but,  as  loon  as  (he  is  delivered  ot"  the 
child,  fho  remembreth  no  more  the  anguifh,  for  joy  that  a  man 
is  born  into  the  world."     Upton 

XI.  7.  I>t  the  deare  clolett  &r.]  See  F.  Q.  v.  v.  44,  So 
Chaucer,  p.  115.  edit.  Urr, 

"  Thou  IMaide  and  INIothir 

"  Which  in  the  c/oijlrc  of  thy  blifsfull  fidis 
"  Tooi  Mann'is  Ihape— " 
And  p.  17. 

"  And  though  your  life  be  medlid  with  grevauncc, 

"  And  at  your  hert'is  cloj'et  be  your  wound.''    Cn  u  acn. 

XII.  3.     Her  liji]     She  was  pleafed.     Church. 

.    Ibid.      in.   llryfull   tcrmcs  ike.']     This  is  Spenfer's 

manner  of  fpelling^^/7/f-/K//.      The  word  has  occurred  before. 

Todd. 

Ibid. in  Jiri/fnll  termes  with  him  to  balke,]     To 

deal  with  him  m  crofs  pur'pofe?,  as  iMr.  Upton  ohfeives;  or  to 
bqfie  him.     See  the  note  on  OalLt,  F.  Q.  iv.  x.  25.     Todd. 

XII.  4. ■  1/e  fyle  &:c.]     See  the  note  on  file  his 

tongue,  V.  Q.  i.  i.  35.     Upton. 


CANTO  H.  THE  FAERIE  QUEEXE.  SOI 

A  finiple  Maide,  and  worke  fo  hainous  tort, 
In  llrdme  of  Knighthood,  as  I  largely  can  report. 

XIII. 
*'  Let  bee  therefore  rny  vengeaimce  to  difiTwade, 
And  read,  where  I  that  Feiytour  falfe  may 

find/' 
**  Ah!  but  if  reafon  faire  might  you  perAvade 
To  ilake  your  wrath,  and  mollify  your  mind," 
Said  he,  "  perhaps  ye  ihould  it  better  find : 
For  bardie  thing  it  is,  to  weene  by  might 
That  man  to  hard  conditions  to  bind ; 
Or  ever  hope  to  match  in  equall  fight, 
Whofe  prowefle  paragone  faw  never  living  wight. 

XIV. 

*'  Ne  foothlich  is  it  eafie  for  to  read 

Where  now  on  earth,  or  how,  he  may  be 

fownd ; 
For  he  ne  wouneth  in  one  certeine  Head, 

XIIT.  1.  Let  bee  therefore  &c.]  Let  bee,  let  alone,  omit. 
"  Let  be  thy  deep  advil'e,"  F.  Q.  ii.  iii.  l6'.  And  Matth.  xxvii. 
49.  "  Let  be,  k;t  us  fee,  whether  Elias  will  come  to  lave  him." 
Dryden  has  very  judicioufly  and  expreflively  ufed  this  old  phrafe 
in  tiis  well-told  tale  of  Theodore  and  Honoria  : 

.  "  Let  be,  laid  he,  my  prey, 

^'  And  let  my  vengeance  take  the  delHn'd  way." 

Upton. 

XIII.  2. that  Faytour  falfe  may  find.]     To   the 

^ord  fuytour,  as  Mr.  Upton  obierves,  fome  epithet  is  generally 
added,  as /tf//e,  infamous.      See  Mr..  Church's   explanation  of 

fuytour,  F.  Q.  i.  x'ii.  35.  See  alio  Tyrwhitt's  Glofs.  Chaucer. 
''■  Fait  our,  a  lazy,  idle  fellow.  Faitard,  faiteur,  un  parelleux, 
piger.  Lacombe."     Todd. 

XIV.  1. —foothlich]     5oo^/i/j/,  truly.     Anglo-Sax, 

j'O'^lice.     Upton. 


50C  THE  FAEUTE  QUEENE.  BOOK  lit. 

But  reftlefle  Malketh  all  the  world  around, 

Ay  doing  thinges  that  to  his  fame  redownd, 

Defending  Ladies  caufe  and  Orphans  right, 

AVherefo  he  heares  that  any  doth  confownd 

Them  comfortlefle  through  tyranny  or  might ; 

So  is   his  foveraine    honour   raifde  to    hevens 

hight." 

XV. 

His    feeling  wordes    her   feeWe    fence   much 

pleafed, 
And  foftly  funck  into  her  molten  hart : 
Hart,  that  is  inly  hurt,  is  greatly  eafed 
With   hope  of  thing   that  may  allegge  his 

fmart ; 
For  pleaiing  wordes  are  like  to  magick  art. 
That  doth  the  charmed  fnake  in  flomber  lay  : 
Such  fecrete  eafe  felt  gentle  Britomart, 
Yet  lift  the  fame  efPorce  with  faind  gainefay  ; 
(So  difchord  ofte  in  mufick  makes  the  fweeter 

lay;) 

XV.  4. allegge]      Eafe,  alleviate.  Fr. 

alleger.     The  folio  of  l679  reads  alUdge ;  and  Huglies,  allai/. 

Church. 

XV.  5.     For  pleajijig  words  are  like  to  magick  art 

That  doth  the  charmed  fnake  in  Jlomber  lay  ;]  The 
allufion  is  to  the  magicians,  who  boaft  their  power  over  fer- 
pents.  See  Virg.  Eel.  viii.  71,  and  Ov.  Met.  vii.  203.  To  this 
pretended  power  of  magick  the  Pfalmift  alludes  where  he  men- 
tions the  deaf  adder,  "  that  refufes  to  hear  the  voice  of  the 
charmer,  charm  he  never  fo  wifely."     Upton. 

XV.  9.     So  difchord  ofte  in  mufck  makes  the  fweeter  lay  {] 
This  feems  tranflated  i'rom  a  laying  of  Heraclitus,  who  com- 


CAXTO   II.  THE  FAERIE  QUEEXE.  303 

XVI. 

And  fajd  ;  "  Sir  Knight,   thefe  ydle  termes 

forbeare ; 
And,  fith  it  is  uneatb  to  find  his  haunt, 
Tell  me  fome  markes  by  which  he  may  ap- 

peare, 
If  chaunce  I  him  encounter  paravaunt ; 
For  perdy  one  fhall  other  flay,  or  daunt : 
What  iliape,  what  fliield,  what  armes,  what 

fteed,  what  ftedd, 
And  whatfo  elle  his  perfon  moft  may  vaunt  ?'* 
All  which  the   Redcroffe  Knight  to   point 

ared, 
And  him  in  everie  part  before  her  fafhioned. 

XVII. 

Yet  him  in  everie  part  before  ftie  knew, 
However  lift  her  now  her  knowledge  fayne, 
Sith  him  whylome  in  Britayne  flie  did  vew, 
To  her  revealed  in  a  Mirrhour  playne ; 

pared  the  difagreeing  elements,  and  phyfical  and  moral  evils, 
in  this  world,  to  difcords  in  mufick  :  'tis  from  thefe  difcords 
rightly  attempered,  that  the  greateft  harmony  arifes.  See 
Ariftot.  Ethic.  L.  viii.  C.  1.     Upton. 

XVI.  4.     — paravaunt;]     Peradventure. 

See  the  note  on  paravaunt,  F.  Q.  vi.  x.  15.     Todd. 

XVI.  g.  And  him  in  everie  part]  So  Spenfer's  own  editions 
read,  which  Hughes's  fecond  edition,  and  thofe  of  1751, 
Church,  Upton,  and  Tonfon's  in  1758,  rightly  follow;  the  re- 
petition in  the  next  line  of  fiitn  in  everie  part  being,  as  Mr. 
Upton  obferves,  entirely  in  the  poet's  manner.  The  reft  here 
read  "  And  him  in  everie  point."     Todd. 

XVII.  1.  Yet  Sic]  The  poet  here  interrupts  his  ftory ; 
and  refumes  it  not  till  the  laft  ftanza  of  the  next  canto. 

Church. 


304'  THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  BOOK  ni„ 

AVhereof  did  grow  her  firft  engrafilz'd  pajne, 
AVhole  root  and  flalke  fo  bitter  jet  did  tafte, 
That,  but  the  fruit  more  fweetnes  did  con- 

tayne, 
Her^vretched  dayes  in  dolour  fiie  mote  wafte, 
And  yield   the  pray  of  love  to  lothfome  death 

at  laft. 

XVIII. 
By  ftraunge  occafion  flie  did  him  behold, 
And  much  more  Itraungely  gan  to  love  his 

%ht, 
As  it  in  bookes  hath  n^ritten  beene  of  old. 
In   Deheubarth,    that  now   South-Wales  is 

bight, 
What  time  king  Ryence  raign'd  and  dealed 

rio;ht,  ' 


XVIII.  3.  A.S  if  in  bookes  katfi  written  beene  of  old.']  So,  in 
F.  Q.  iii.  vi.  6.  "  As  it  in  antique  boukes  is  mentioned."  And 
in  F.  Q.  iv.  xi,  8,  and  )0.  "  As  we  in  records  read."  What 
bookes  and  records  are  thel'e  .?  Theie  are  the  bookes  (mentioned 
in  F.  Q.  ii.  ix.  40.)  containing  the  antiquities  of  Fairy  land  : 
thefe  are  the  antique  rolles,  and  volumes,  "  Of  Faerie  Knights 
and  fayrelt  Tanaquill."  See  alfo  F.  Q.  iii.  iii.  4,  iv.  xi.  4.  As 
Boyardo  and  Ariollo  often  refer  to  Archhifliop  Turpin,  to  au- 
thenticate their  wonderful  tales ;  fo  our  poet  refers  to  certain 
bookes,  recordes,  or  rolles.  Juft  in  the  fame  manner  Cervantes, 
in  his  Don  Quixote,  (where  we  find  perpetual  allulions  to  Boy- 
ardo, Ariofto,  and  the  romance-writers,)  pleafantly  endeavours 
to  make  his  ftories  autTiehtick,  by  fathering  them  upon  one 
Cid  Hamet  an  Arabian  hiftoriographer.     Upton. 

XVIII.  4.  In  Deheubarth,  t/tat  now  Soutli-wales  is  hight,'\ 
In  Deheubarth,  i.  e.  Sonth-ualts  :  for,  when  Wales  was  divided 
into  three  principalities,  the  countries  of  the  Sileures  and  Di- 
metfe  were  called  by  the  natives  Deheubarth,  and  by  the 
Kiiglifli  South- Wales.      Upto\. 


CA.VtO  It.  THE  FAEPtiE  QUEEWE.  305 

The  great  Magitien  Merlin  had  deviz'd. 
By  his  deepe  fcience  and  hell-dreaded  might, 
A  Looking-glaffe,  right  wondroufly  aguiz'd, 
Whofe  vertues  through  the  wjde  worlde  Ibone 
were  folemniz'd. 

XIX. 
It  vertue  had  to  (hew  in  perfeft  fight 

Whatever  thing  was  in  the  world  contaynd, 
Betwixt  the  loweft  earth  and  hevens  hight, 
So  that  it  to  the  looker  appertajnd  : 
AVhatever  foe   had  wrought,   or   frend   had 

faynd, 
Therein  difcovered  was,  ne  ought  mote  pas, 


XIX.  5.     Whatever  foe  had  -wrought,  or  frend  had  fayn'd. 

Therein  difcovered  u;a6-,]  See  alio  ft.  21.  and  the 
note  there.  It  is  rnanifeft  that  Spenfer  drew  the  idea  of  this 
mirrour,  from  that  which  is  prefented  by  the  ftrange  knight  to 
Cambufcan,  in  Chaucer,  Squ.  Tale,  v.  153. 

"  This  mirrour  eke,  which  I  have  in  my  hond| 

"  Hath  foche  a  might,  that  men  may  in  it  fe 

"  Whan  there  Ihall  fall  any  adverfite 

"  Unto  your  reigne,  or  to  yourfelf  alfo, 

*'  And  opin  fe  who  is  your  frend  or  fo. 

"  And  over  all,  if  any  lady  bright 

•'  Hath  fet  her  hert  on  any  manir  wight, 

"  If  he  be  falfe  the  fliall  the  trefoun  fe, 

"  His  newe  love,  and  all  his  fubtilte, 

"  So  opinly,  that  there  fliall  nothing  hide." 
Spenfer  likewife  feigns,  that  his  mirrour  was  of  fervice  in 
the  purpofes  of  love ;  and  as  fuch  it  is  confulted  by  Britomartis, 
but  upon  an  occafion  different  from  that  which  is  here  men- 
tioned by  Chaucer.  She  looks  in  it  with  a  defign  to  difcover 
her  deftined  hufband,  ft.  23.  "  Whom  fortune  for  her  hufband 
would  allott."  As  the  ufes  of  this  mirrour  were  of  fo  im- 
portant a  nature,  Spenfer  ought  not  to  have  firft  mentioned  it 
to  us  by  that  light  appellation,  Venus  Looking-Glafs ;  where  he 

VOL.  IV,  X 


306  THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.     BOOK  III. 

Ne  ought  in  fecret  from  the  fame  remaynd ; 
Forth V  it  round  and  hollow  fliaped  was, 
Like  to  the  world  itfelfe,  and  feemd  a  World  of 

Glas. 

XX. 
Who  wonders  not,  that  reades  fo  wonderous 
worke  ? 
But  who  does  wonder,  that  has  red  theTowre 
Wherein  th'  Aegyptian  Phao  long  did  lurke 
From  all  mens  vew,  that  none  might  her  dil- 

coure. 
Yet  flie  might  all  men  vew  out  of  her  bowre  ? 
Great  Ptolomaee  it  for  his  Lemans  fake 
Ybuilded  all  of  glafle,  by  magicke  powre. 
And  alfo  it  impregnable  did  make  ; 
Yet,  when  his  Love  was  falfe,  he  with  a  peaze  it 

brake. 

XXI. 
Such  was  the  glaffy  Globe  that  Merlin  made, 

is  fpeaking  of  Britomart's  love  for  Arthegall,  F.  Q.  iii.  i.  8. 
"  Whofe  image  fhe  had  feen  in  Venus'  looking-glafs." 

'I'.  VVautox. 

XX.  .9. with  a  peaze  it  brake.]    'I'hat 

is,  lie  brake  it  with  a  violent  blow,  with  ajlanip,  with  the  weight 
of  his  llroke ;  for  fo  we  may  interpret  peaze  from  the  Spanifti 
pefa.  See  Tefuro  de  las  tres  Lcnguas,  Genev.  16'71,  in  v.  Pefa, 
part.  Efpagn.  p.  427.  "  Pe(a.,  poids,  emprainte,  fegno,  im- 
prediune,  o  pelb."     Todd. 

XXI.  1.  Such  was  the  glajfy  Globe  &c.]  This  fidion,  of 
prefenting  to  king  Ryence  (who  is  often  mentioned  in  Morte 
Arthur)  a  glafly  globe,  which  exactly  correfponds  with  Chau- 
cer's mirrour,  Spenfer  borrowed  from  fome  romance,  perhaps 
of  king  Arthur,   fraught  with  oriental  fancy.     From  the  fame 


CANTO   11.  THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  S07 

And  gave  unto  king  R\ence  for  bis  gard, 
That  never  foes  his  kingdome  might  invade, 

fources,  [the  Ariftotelick  and  Arabian  philofophy  refpe<fting 
Opiicks,]  came  a  like  fidion  of  Camoeiis,  in  the  Lujiad,  where 
a  globe  is  Ihowu  to  Vafco  de  Gaiiia,  reprel'enting  the  uuiverlal 
fabrick  or  fyftem  of  the  world,  in  which  he  fees  future  king- 
doms and  future  events.  The  SpaniOi  hiftorians  report  an 
American  tradition,  but  more  probably  invented  by  themfelves, 
and  built  on  the  Saracen  fables,  in  which  they  were  fo  con- 
verfant.  They  pretend  that,  fome  years  before  the  Spaniards 
entered  Mexico,  the  inhabitants  caught  a  monftrous  fowl,  of 
Huufual  magnitude  and  ihape,  on  the  lake  of  Mexico.  In  the 
crown  of  the  head  of  this  wonderful  bird,  there  was  a  niirrour 
or  plate  of  glafs,  in  which  the  Mexicans  faw  their  future  in- 
vaders the  Spaniards,  and  all  the  difafters  which  afterwards 
happened  to.  their  kingdom. — Thefe  fuferftitions  remained, 
even  in  the  do<5lrines  of  philofophers,  long  after  the  darker 
ages.  Cornelius  Agrippa,  a  learned  phyfician  of  Cologne, 
about  the  year  1520,  author  of  a  famous  book  on  the  Vanity 
of  the  Sciences,  mentions  a  fpecies  of  mirrour  which  exhibited 
the  form  of  perfons  abfent,  at  command.  In  one  of  thefe  he 
is  faid  to  have  (hown,  to  the  poetical  Earl  of  Surry,  the  image 
of  his  miftrefs,  the  beautiful  Geraldine,  fick  and  lepoling  on  a 
couch.  See  Drayton's  Heroic.  Epiji.  p.  87.  b.  edit.  1598. — ■ 
Nearly  allied  to  this,  was  the  infatuation  of  feeing  t/migs  in  a 
beryl,  which  was  very  popular  in  the  reign  of  James  the  firft, 
and  is  alluded  to  by  Shakfpeare. 

The  Arabians  were  alfo  famous  for  other  machineries  of 
alafs,  in  which  their  chemifiry  was  more  immediately  con- 
cerned. The  philofophers  of  their  fchool  invented  a  ftory  of  a 
magical  fteel-glafs,  placed  by  Ptolemy  on  the  fummit  of  a  lofty 
pillar  near  the  city  of  Alexandria,  for  burning  fhips  at  a 
diftance.  The  Arabians  called  this  pWlar  Hemadtjlaeur,  or,  the 
pillar  of  the  Arabians.  I  think  it  is  mentioned  by  Sandys. 
Roger  Bacon  has  left  a  manufcript  traft  on  the  formation  of 
burning-glafles.  Ptolemy,  who  feems  to  have  been  confounded 
with.  Ptolemy  the  Egyptian  aftrologer  and  geographer,  was 
famous  among  the  Ealtern  writers  and  their  followers  for  his 
ikill  in  operations  of  glafs,  Spenfer  here  mentions  in  ft.  20. 
a  miraculous  toiver  of  glafs  built  by  Ptolemy,  which  concealed 
his  miftrefs  the  Egyptian  Phao,  while  the  invifible  inhabitant 
viewed  all  the  world  from  every  part  of  it.  But  this  magical 
fortrefs,  although  impregnable,  was  eafily  broken  in  pieces  at 

X  2 


308  TIIL   lAEniE  QUEEXE.  BOOK  III. 

]>iit  he  it  knew  at  home  before  he  hard 
Tydings  thereof,  and  lb  them  Itill  debar'd  : 

one  ftroke  by  the  builder,  when  his  miftrefs  ceafed  to  love. 
One  of  Boyardo's  extravagancies  is  a  prodigious  xoall  of  glafs, 
built  by  I'onie  magician  in  Africa,  which  obviouflv  betrays  its 
foundation  in  Arabian  fable  and  Arabian  philofophy.  Hither 
we  might  alfo  refer  Chaucer's  Houft:  of  Fame,  which  is  built  of 
glafs ;  and  Lvdgate's  Temple  of  Glafs.  It  is  faid  in  fome  ro- 
mances written  about  the  time  of  the  Crufades,  that  the  city 
of  Daniafcus  was  icaHed  uith  glafs.  See  Hall's  Satt/rcs,  B.  iv. 
S.  6.  written  in  1597. 

"  Or  of  Daniafcus  mngicke  wall  of  glafc, 

"  Or  Solomon  his  fweating  piles  of  braile."    T.  Warton. 

Accounts  correfpondent  to  this  of  t/ic  mirror  which  difcoxers 
fecret  machinations  of  Jiilure  events,  occur,  according  to  a 
learned  writer,  both  in  hidian  and  Arabick  mythology.  In  the 
laft  tale  but  one  of  the  Arabian  Nights'  Entertainments,  an 
*'  ivory  perfpedive  glafs,"  which  reveals  diftant  tranfactions, 
may  be  found.  See  licniurks  on  the  Arab.  Nights'  Entertain- 
7/u'iits,  by  R.  Hole,  LL.  B.  17P7.  p.  S^l.  It  may  be  remarked, 
that  this  ridiculous  method  of  prophecy  is  often  mentioned  in 
our  old  Englifl)  books.  See  Mr.  Steevens's  note  on  *'  the 
eighth  king  who  bears  a  glafs  in  his  hand,"  Macbeth,  A.  iv.  S.  i. 
The  infatuation  of  feeing  things  in  a  beryl,  I  may  add,  con- 
tinued long  after  the  reign  of  James  the  firft. ,  Aubrey,  in  his 
^lifcellanies,  has  a  chapter  on  Vifions  in  a  Berill,  or  Criflall^ 
p.  128.  edit.  1696.  *'  The  magicians,"  he  fays,  "  liow,  ufe  a 
cryUal-fphere,  or  mineral-pearl,  for  this  purpofe,  which  is  in- 
fpeCled  by  a  boy,  or  fometimes  by  the  querent  [inquirer]  him- 
felf.  There  are  ce^rtain  formulas  of  prayer  to  be  ufed  before 
they  make  the  inlpection,  which  they  term  a  call. — James 
Harrington,  author  o{  Oceana,  told  me  that  the  Earl  of  Denbigh, 
tlien  ambaflador  at  Venice,  did  tell  him,  that  one  did  fliew 
him  there  feveral  times,  in  a  glafs,  things  paft  and  to  come." 
This  zealous  dupe  gives  the  hiftory  and  the  piflure  of  a  confe- 
crated  berill  which  he  had  feen  "  at  Brampton-Bryan  in  Herc- 
fordOiire,  but  which  came  firft  from  Norfolk,  and  afterwards 
came  into  fomebodies  hands  in  London,  who  did  tell  ftrange 
things  by  it,  infomuch  that  at  laft  he  was  queftioned  for  it, 
and  it  was  taken  away  by  authority  about  the  year  l645." 
Butler  has  adinirablv  ridiculed  this  kind  of  credulity,  in  his 
defcription  of  Kellj,  chief  feer,  or  as  Lill^'  calls  hira,  Speculator^ 


CANTO  ir.  THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  300 

It  was  a  famous  prefent  for  a  prince, 
And  worthy  worke  of  infinite  reward, 
That  treafons  could  bewray,  and  foes  con- 
vince : 

Happy  this  reahne,  had  it  remayned  ever  iince  ! 

XXII. 

One  day  it  fortuned  fayre  Britomart 

Into  her  fathers  clofet  to  repayre ; 

For  nothing  he  from  her  referv'd  apart. 

Being  his  onely  daughter  and  his  hayre ; 

Where  when  (lie  had  efpyde  that  Mirrhour 

fayre, 

Herfelfe  awhile  therein  (he  vewd  in  vaine : 

Tho,  her  avizing  of  the  vertues  rare 

AVhich  thereof  fpoken  were,  llie  gan  againe 

Her  to  bethinke  of  that  mote  to  herfelfe  pertaine. 

to  Dr.  Dee,  a  famous  performer  on  the  Looking-glafs  in  the  reign 
of  Elizabeth  ! 

"  Kelly  did  all  his  feats  upon 

"  The  devil's  looking-glafs,  ajlofte; 

"  Where,  playing  with  him  at  bo-peep, 

"  He  folv'd  all  problems  ne'er  lb  deep."     Todd. 

XXI.  8. and  foes  convince:]     Convi^ 

his  foes,  according  to  Mr.  Church  ;  overthrow  them,  according 
to  jNIr.  Upton,  who  adds,  that  Shaki'peare  ufes  convince  in  this 
fenfe  very  often.  The  Latin  word  conviuco  admits  both  inter- 
pretations.    Todd. 

XXI.  9.     Happy  cSrc]     The   poet  feems  to   allude   to   the 
many  Plots  and  Confpiracies  in  Queen  Elifabeth's  reign. 

CHLrilCII. 

XXII.  6, in  vaine  :'\     That  is, 

As  (lie  thought  of  nothing  in  particular,  nothing  was  repre- 
fented  to  her  but  her  own  perfon.     Church. 

XXII.  7.     her  avizing]      Bethinking  herfelf.     Fr. 

s'atifer.     See  the  next  canto,  ft.  6".     Chuuch. 

X  3 


310  THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  BOOK   III. 

XXIII. 

Bat  as  it  falleth,  in  the  gentled  harts 

Imperious  Love  hath  higheft  fet  his  throne, 
And  tyrannizeth  in  the  bitter  fmarts 
OF  them,  that  to  him  buxome  are  and  prone  : 
So  thought  this  Mayd  (as  maydens  ule  to 

done) 
Whom  fortune  for  her  hufljand  would  allot ; 
Not  that  (he  lufted  after  any  one, 
For  flie  was  pure  from  blame  of  linfull  blott ; 

Yet  wift  her  life  at  laft  muft  lincke  in  that  fame 

knot. 

XXIV. 

Eftfoones  there  was  prefented  to  her  eye 

A  comely  Knight,  all  arm'd  in  complete  wize, 
Through  whofe  bright  ventayle  hfted  up  on 

bye 
His  manly  face,  that  did  his  foes  agrize 
And  frends  to  termes  of  gentle  truce  entize, 
Lookt  foorth,  as  Phoebus  face  out  of  the  eait 
Betwixt  two  rtiady  mountaynes  doth  arize  : 
Portly  his  perfon  was,  and  much  increaft 

Through  his  heroipke  grace  and  honorable  geii:. 


XXIII.  1.      But,  as  it  falleth,  in  the  genthjt  harts 

Imperious  Love  hath  hightjlj'ef  his  throne,']  Dante, 
JpfernOf  C.  v. 

"  Amor,  ch'  al  cor  gentil  ratto  s'  appretide."     Uptox. 

XXIII.  4. buxome]     Yielding,  or 

obedient.     See  the  note  on  "  buxome  yoke,"    F.  Q.  vi.  viii.  12. 

Todd. 


CANTO  II.  THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  311 

XXV. 

His  crefl  was  covered  with  a  coucliant  hownd. 
And  all  his  armour  feemd  of  antique  mould, 
But  w^ondrous  mafly  and  aflured  fownd, 
And  round  about  jfretted  all  Vvith  gold, 
In  which  there  written  was,  with  cyphers  old, 
Achilles  armes  which  Arthegall  did  win  : 
And  on  his  fhield  enveloped  fevenfold 
He  bore  a  crowned  little  ermilin, 

Thatdeckt  the  azure  field  with  herfayrepouldred 
ikin. 


XXV.  1,     His  crcjl  ~cas  covered  with  a  covchant  hoxviid,]     I 
formerly  faid  that  Arthur  Lord  Grey  of  Wilton  was  imaged  in 
Arthegall,   which    name   correfponds    to    his   Chrirtian    name 
Arthur,  and   means  Arthur's  peer.     The   arms  here   likewife 
feem  devifed  in  allufion  to  his  name,  Gray :  fuch  bearings  (the 
heralds  fay)   are  very  ancient,   and   are  called  RebuJ/'es.     For 
Grifetim  in  the  barbarous  Latin  age  fignified  fine  furr  or  erviin. 
Gall.  Gris.     See  alfo  Chaucer,  Prol.  Cant.  T. 
"  I  fee  his  (leeves  purfiled  at  the  hand" 
"  With  grys — " 
The  creft   likewife  of  the   Knight's  helmet   is  a  Gray  hound, 
couchant. 

'Tis  in  this  ftanza  faid,  that  Arthegall  won  and  wore  the 
arms  of  Achilles.  The  poet  does  not  give  any  hint,  hovv  lie 
won  them  :  perhaps  this  circumftance  might  have  beei:^  cleared 
up  in  fome  fubfequent  canto  :  but,  as  the  poem  is  not  finiflied, 
feveral  minuter  circumftances  muft  be  untinidied  likewil'e.  The 
proper  place  to  have  told  this  ftory  feems  in  the  fifth  book, 
containing  the  Legend  of  Arthegal.     Upton. 

XXV.  9. with  her  fat/re  pouldredJJciii.]     That 

is,  with  her  P^in  fpotted,  or  variegated ;  in  its  primary  fenfe, 
befprinkled :  this  is  the  genuine  fpelling  oi  powdered,  according 
to  the  etymology  to  which  Skinner  conjet^^hnes  it  to  belong, 
viz.  d  pnlvere,  confpergo  pulvere.  We  find  the  fubftantive 
powder  generally  fpelled  thus  in  old  authors. 
Thus  B.  Jonfon,  Epig.  92. 

*'  And  of  the  poulder.^\oi  they  will  talk  yet." 

X  4 


31^  THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  pOOK   HJ- 

XXVI. 

The  Damzell  well  did  vevv  his  perfonage, 
.  And  liked  well ;  ne  further  faftned  not, 
But  went  her  way  ;  ne  her  unguilty  age 
Did  weene,  unwares,  that  her  unlucky  lot 
I/ay  hidden  in  the  bottonie  of  the  pot : 
Of  hurt  uuwilt  moll  daunger  doth  redound  : 

Bpenfer  again  ufes  the  verb  in  itsfenie,  befyrinkle,  F.  Q.  iv.  x.  31, 
"  A  crovvne 

"  Poxvdred  with  pearle  and  ftone." 

Thus  Sir  Philip  Sidney,  in  AJlrophell  and  Stella,  ft.  6. 

"  Some  one  his  ibng  in  Jove,  and  Jove's  llrange  tales  attires, 
"  Border'd  with  buls  and  fwans,  powdred  with  golden  raine." 
Thus  Ilarington,  Ariojl.  B.  xix.  5S. 

"  A  horfe  of  dainty  hew  — 

■'  His  collour  ])y'd,  po^vdred  with  many  a  i'pot," 
Again,  where  it  may  be  interpreted,  embroider,  13.  xliii.  148, 

"   She  dreamt  the  bafes  of  her  loved  knight, 

"   Wliich  flie  enibroidred  blacke  the  other  day, 

"  With  fpots  of  red  were  poudred  all  in  fight." 
Thus  alfo  Chaucer,  Rom.  R.  v.  115. 

"   Full  gay  was  all  the  ground,  and  queint, 

"  And  poudred  as  men  had  it  peint." 
Again,   Cucko-w  and  Night,  v.  63. 

"  The  grounde  was  grene,  ypoudred  with  daifye." 
And,  in  the  following  example,  it  feems  to  be  literally  ufed 
for  embroidering,  Afs.  F.  526. 

"  Aftir  a  forte  the  coUir  and  the  vente 

"  Lyke  as  armine  is  made  in  purfilinge, 

"  With  grete  perils  ful  fine  and  orient, 

"  They  were  couchid  all  aftir  one  worching, 

"  With  diamondes  inftede  of  poudiring."  T.  Warton. 
Mr.  Warton  fays,  he  collei^ted  all  thefe  inftances  with  a 
defign  of  placing  an  exprefllion  of  Milton  in  a  proper  light, 
Vur.  L.  B.  vii.  581.  "  Foxoder'd  with  ftars."  I  have  fliewn,  in 
a  note  on  the  paO'agc,  that  the  whole  exprejjion  was  not  uncom- 
mon in  our  old  poetry  ;  I  might  have  added  alfo  in  profe.  See 
^he  J'2nglifli  tranllation  of  Boccace's  Decameron,  fol.  l620. 
p.  150.  Boulton,  in  his  Elements  of  Armories,  publiihed  in 
l6lO,  ufually  fpells  this  heraldick  word,  pouldred.     Todd. 

XX\T.  6.     Of  hurt  unwift  &c.]     Unuijl,  vulcnoivn.    That  is, 
^loft  danger  arifes  from  the  hurts  we  know  not  of.     Church. 


CANTO  II.  THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  313 

But  the  falle  archer,  which  that  arrow  fliot 
So  flyly  that  ilie  did  not  feele  the  w^ound. 
Did  fmyle  full  imoothly  at  her  weetleiTe  wofuU 

ilound. 

xxvir. 
Thenceforth  the  fether  in  her  lofty  creft, 
Ruffed  of  Love,  gan  lowly  to  availe ; 
i\nd  her  prowd  portaunce  and  her  princely 

geft, 
With  which  flie  earft  tryumphed,  now  did 

quaile  : 
Sad,  folemne,  fowre,  and  full  of  fancies  fraile, 
She  woxe;  yet  wilt  (lie  nether  how,  nor  why  ; 
She  wift  not,  filly  Mayd,  what  ilie  did  aile, 
Yet  wift  fhe  was  not  wtJI  at  eafe  perdy ; 
Yet  thought  it  was  not  love,  but  fome  melan- 
choly. 

XXVIII. 
So  foone  as  Night  had  with  her  pallid  hew 
Defafte  the  beautie  of  the  fhyning  ikye. 
And  refte  from  men  the  worldes  dehred  vew, 
She  with  her  nourfe  adowne  to  (leepe  did  lye  ; 

XXVII.  1.      Thenceforth  the  fether  in  her  loft}/  crejl, 

Ruffed  of  Love,  gan  lowly  to  availe  ;]  The  pro- 
verb fays,  "  The  feather  in  her  cap  was  pluckt/'  Ri/Jf'ed  is 
the  fame  as  riiljied :   See  Junius  in  v.  liuf.     Uptom. 

liufed,  i.  0.   ruftled,    difordered.     So,  in   F.  Q.    iii.  xi.  32. 

"  The  pruud  bird,  rufiug  his  fethf  rs  wide  &c." — Availe  is  to 

fink.      Fr.    avaler.     Spenfer    ufually    fpells   it   avale  ;    but    the 

fpelling  is  here  altered,  as  in  many  other  places,  to  accommo- 

jdate  the  eye.     C  ii  u  ii  c  ii . 


o 


li  THE  FALRIE  QUEENE.    BOOK  III. 

But  fleepe  full  far  away  from  her  did  fly  : 
Inftead  thereof  lad  (Ighes  and  forrowes  deepe 
Kept  watch  and  ward  about  her  warily  ; 
That  nought  flie  did  but  wayle,  and  often 
fteepe 
Her  dainty  couch  with  teares  which  clofely  ilie 
did  weepe. 

XXIX. 
And  if  that  any  drop  of  flom bring  reft 

Did  chaunce  to  (till  into  her  weary  fpright, 
When  feeble  nature  felt  herfelfe  oppreft, 
Streightway  with  dreames,  and  with  fantaftick 

light 
Of  dreadful!   things,  the  fame  was  put    to 

flight; 
That  oft  out  of  her  bed  ftie  did  aftart, 
As  one  with  vew  of  ghaftly  feends  affright : 
Tho  gan  (he  to  renew  her  former  fmart, 
And  thinke  of  that  fayre  viiage  written  in  her 
hart. 


XX^'III.  S. and  often  Jlecpe 

Her  Hainti/  eoitch  -ailh  teares]  Compare  Pfalm 
\i.  6.  "  I  am  weary  with  my  groniiig  ;  all  the  night  make  I  my 
bed  to  Iwim  ;  I  water  my  couch  with  my  tears."     Todd. 

XXV'III.  g. : —  ■with  teares  nhich  clofely  &c.] 

That  is,  rtie  wept  filently  that  her  imrie  miglit  not  perceive  it. 

Church. 
XXIX.  1.     And  if  that  any  drop  of  Jlomhring  rejl 

Did  cliaunct  to  ftill  into  her  ueary  fprigld,]   Com- 
pare Lucretins,  L.  iv.  105-i. 

"  Dulceditiis  in  cor 

"  Stillavit  gufta."     Todd. 


CANTO  II.  THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  315 

XXX. 

One  nio^ht,  when  {he  was  toft  with  fuch  unreft. 
Her  aged  nourfe,  whole  name  was  Glauc6 

hight, 
FeeUng  her  leape  out  of  her  loathed  neft. 
Betwixt  her  feeble  armes  her  quickly  keight, 
And downeao-aine  inher  warmebed  herdio-ht: 
"  Ah  !  my  deare  daughter,  ah  !  my  deareft 

dread, 
What  uncouth  fit,''  fayd  (lie,    "  what  evill 

plight 
Hath  thee  oppreft,  and  with  fad  drearyhead 
Chaunged  thy  lively  cheare,  and  living  made 

thee  dead  ? 

XXXI. 

"  For  not  of  nought  thefe  fuddein  ghaftly  feares 
All  night  afflict  thy  naturall  repofe ; 
And  all  the  day,  whenas  thine  equall  peares 

XXX.  4. keight,]     Caught.     See 

alfo  F.  Q.  V.  vi.  29.     Upton. 

XXX.  6.  Jh  !  my  deare  daughter,  &c.]  This  addrefs  re- 
fembles  that  of  the  nuiib  to  Fiainetta  in  Boccace's  Novel,  en- 
titled Amorous  Fiametta.  See  B.  Young's  tranflation,  4to. 
bl.  1.  1587,  fol.  S.  b.  "  Oh  daughter,  deerer  to  nie  then  mync 
own  hart  firings,  what  cares  doo  inoleft  thee  thus  of  late  ? 
Now  thou  fpendell  not  one  howre  (whom  fometimes  I  was 
wont  to  fee  merry  and  free  from  all  penfuienefs)  without  in- 
6nite  cares,  and  burning  fighes."     'Iodd. 

XXX.  5. •  her  in   her  warme  bed  dighf.]     So 

Spenfer's  tirft  edition  reads,  which  Mr,  Church  follows.  All 
other  editors  conform  to  the  fecond  edition,  "  in  her  warme 
bed  her  dight."  But  fee  ft.  47,  where  the  pofition  of  the  words 
agrees  with  the  original  reading  here :  *'  Her  down  (lie  lavd  iVi 
ker  jcarme  bed  to  floepe."     Todd. 


316  THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  BOOK  III. 

Their  fit  difports  with  faire  delight  doe  chofc, 
Thou  in  dull  corners  doelt  thyfelfe  inclofe ; 
Ke  taftelt  princes  pleafures,  ne  doeft  fpred 
x\broad  thy  Irefli  youths  favrell  flovvre,  but 

lofe 
Both  leafe  and  fruite,  both  too  untimely  (bed, 

As  one  in  wilfuU  bale  for  ever  buried. 

XXXII. 

"  The  time  that  mortall  men  their  weary  cares 
Do  lay  away,  and  all  wilde  beaftes  do  reft, 
And  every  river  eke  his  courfe  forbeares, 
Then  doth  this  wicked  evill  thee  infeft, 
And  rive  with   thoufand  throbs  thy  thrilled 

breft : 
Like  an  huge  Aetn'  of  deepe  engulfed  gryefe. 


XXXII.  1.  The  time  that  mnrtaU  men  their  tceary  cures 
Do  lay  auai/,  and  all  uilde  hcaj'tes  do  reft, 
And  every  river  eke  his  courfe  forbeares,  &c.] 
Thefe  verfes,  which,  at  firit  fitiht,  fceni  to  he  drawn  from  Dido's 
night  in  the  fourth  ^lineid,  are  tranllated  from  the  Ceiris  attri- 
buted to  Virgil,  (us  it  has  been  before  in  general  hinted,) 
ver.  232. 

"  Tempore  quo  feffas  moitalia  peftora  curas, 

"  Quo  rapidos  etiam  requiefcunt  flumina  curfus." 

T.  Warton. 

XXXII.  5. %  thrilled  6;t/?;]     Thy 

breaft  pierced  through.     Thus  Chaucer,  .Rom.  li.  7036. 
"  He  coude  his  comming  not  forbere, 
"  Though  ye  him  thrilled  with  a  fpere." 
Hence   the   expreflion,    fo  freejuent  in  Spenfer,  of  "  thrillant" 
or  "  thrilling    fpeare,    thrillant  darts,   &c."      See  alfo  Glolf, 
Douglas's  Virgil,  v.  ThirlUt.     Thirlland,  piercing   through,  ab 
Anglo-Sax.    thirlian,    perforare,    peiietrare,    thyrel,    foramen  : 
>Vhence  the  Engliili,  to  drill.     Todd. 

XXXII.  6'.    Like  an  huge  Aetn'  of  deepe  engulfed  gryefe,]  'Ti3 


CANTO  II.  THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  517 

Sorrow  is  heaped  in  thy  hollow  cheft, 
AVhence  foorth  itbreakes  infighes  and  anguifli 

ryfe, 
As  fmoke  and  fulphure  mingled  with  confufed 

ftryfe. 

XXXIII. 

"  Ay  me  !  how  much  I  feare  leaft  love  it  bee  [ 
But  if  that  love  it  be,  as  fure  I  read 
By  knowen  fignes  and  paffions  which  I  fee, 
Be  it  worthy  of  thy  race  and  royall  fead, 
Then  1  avow,  by  this  moft  facred  head 
Of  my  dear  foller  childe,  to  eafe  thy  griefe 
And  win  thy  will :  Therefore  away  doe  dread  ; 
For  death  nor  daunger  from  thy  dew  reliefe 

Shall  me  debarre :  Tell  me  therefore,  my  liefeft 
liefe  V 

XXXIV. 
So  having  fayd,  her  twixt  her  armes  tvvaine 
Shee  flreightly  itraynd,  and  colled  tenderly: 
And  every  trembling  ioynt  and  every  vaine 
Shee  foftly  felt,  and  rubbed  bufily, 


a  proverbial  exprefTion.     J-ltna  malorum. —  Onus  JBtnd  gravius. 

See  alfo  Ariofto,  C.  i.  40. 

*'  Sofpirando  piangea  tal,  ch'  un  rufcello 

"  Parean  le  guance,  el  petto  nn  Moiigibello."  ■  Upton. 

XXXIII,  7. Therefore  away  doe  dread;}     It 

would  have  been  more  perfpicuous  if  the  poet  had  written 
"  Therefore  doe  away  dread."     Todd. 

XXXIV.  2. colled]     Hung  about 

her  neck.  Lat.  collum.  Chaucer  ufes  collings  in  the  fame 
manner,  p.  506.  edit.  Urr.  "  Come,  and  be  we  dronken  of  our 
fwete  pappes;  ufe  we  covetous  collings."    Church. 


51S  THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  BOOKIIL 

I'o  doc  the  frofcn  cold  away  to  fly ; 
And  her  fa  ire  deawy  eies  with  kilies  deare 
Shee  ofte  did  bathe,  and  ofte  againe  did  drv  : 
And  ever  her  iniportund  not  to  feare 

To  let  the  Iccret  of  her  hart  to  her  appeare. 

XXXV. 
The  Damzell  pauzd  ;  and  then  thus  fearfidly ; 
"  Ah !  nurfe,  what  needeth  thee  to  eke  my 

payne  ? 
Is  not  enough  that  1  alone  doe  dye, 
But  it  muft  doubled  bee  with  death  of  twaine  ? 
For  nought  for  me  but  death  there  doth  re- 

maine  !" 
"  O  daughter  deare,"  faid  fhe,  "  defpeire  no 

whit ; 
For  never  fore  but  miiiht  a  falve  obtaine : 
That   blinded  god,  which   hath  ye  blindly 
fmit, 
Another  arrow  hath  your  Lovers  hart  to  hit." 

XXXVI. 

*'   But  mine  is  not,"  quoth  flie,  "like   other 
wownd ; 
For  which  no  reafon  can  finde  remedy.'* 
*'  Was   never  fuch,    but  mote   the   like  be 

fownd," 
Said  (he ;  "  and  though  no  reafon  may  apply 

XXXVI,  1.     But  mine  is  not,  quoth  Jhe,  like  other  wownd;'] 
So  the  firft  edition  ;  butfeverrtl  editions  read  "  others  wound  :" 
"  Non  ego  confueto  mortalibus  aror  amore."     Upton. 


CANTO  II.         THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  319 

Salve  to  your  fore,  yet  Love  can  higher  ftye 
Then  Reafons  reach,  and  oft  hath  wonders 

donne/' 
"  But  neither  god  of  love  nor  god  of  ll^ye 
Can  doe,"  faid  Ihe,  "  that  which  cannot  be 

donne." 
"  Things  oft  impoiTible,"  quoth  (he,  "  feeme  ere 

begonne." 

XXXVII. 

"  Thefe  idle  wordes,"  faid  fhe,  "  doe  nought 

afwage 
My  ftubborne  fmart,  but  more  annoiaunce 

breed  : 
For  no,  no  ufuall  fire,  no  ufaall  rage 
Yt  is,  O  nourfe,  which  on  my  life  doth  feed, 
And  fucks   the  blood  which  from  my  hart 

doth  bleed. 
But  fmce  tiiy  faith  full  zele  lets  me  not  hyde 
My  crime,  (if  crime  it  be,)  I  will  it  reed. 
Nor  prince  nor  pere  it  is,  whofe  love  hath 

gryde 

XXXVI.  5.  Salve  to  your  fore,]  An  old  poetical  expref- 
fion.  Thus,  in  the  Tejiatnent  of  John  Lijdgate,  bl.  1.  no  date, 
cuiprinted  by  Pynfon  : 

"  Salve  all  my  foo res,  that  they  nat  cancred  be." 
And,  m  Songes  and  Sonnets  written  hxj  the  Earle  of  Surrie  and 
others,  edit,  lo87.  bl.  1.  fol.  68.  b. 

"   Needs  mull  you  with  your  handy  wark 

"  Or falve  my/ore,  or  Ic't  me  die." 
See  more  laltances  in  my  note  ou  Milton's  Samfon,  v.  184. 

Todd. 


SCO  THE    FAERIE    QUEENE.  BOOK  Jtt, 

My  feeble  breft  of  late,  and  launched  this  wound 
wyde : 

XXXVIII. 
"  Nor  man  it  is,  nor  other  living  wight ; 

For  then  fome  hope  I  might  unto  me  draw  ; 
But  th'  only  iliade  and  femblant  of  a  Knight, 
Whofe  (liape  or  perfon  yet  1  never  faw. 
Hath  me  fubie6ted  to  Loves  cruell  law : 
The  fame  one  day,  as  me  misfortune  led, 
I  in  my  fathers  wondrous  Mirrhour  faw. 
And,  pleafed  with  that  feeming  goodlyhed, 
Unwares  the  hidden  hooke  with  baite  I  fvyal- 
lowed : 

XXXIX. 

"  Sithens  it  hath  infixed  lafter  hold 

AVithin  my  bleeding  bowells,  and  fo  fore 
Now    ranckleth   in   this  fame    fraile  fleihly 

mould, 
That  all  mine  entrailes  flow  with  poifnous  gore, 
And  til'  ulcer  groweth  daily  more  and  more ; 
Ne  can  my  ronning  fore  finde  remedee, 
Other  than  my  hard  fortune  to  deplore, 
And  languifli  as  the  leafe  fain  from  the  tree, 

Till   death  make   one  end   of   my   daies  and 

miferee  I" 

XL. 
"  Daughter,"  faid  flie,  "  what  need  ye  be  dii^ 
mayd  ? 
Or  why  make  ye  fuch  monflcr  of  your  minde  ? 


CANTO  II.     THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  321 

Of  much  more  uncouth  thing  I  was  afiVayd  ; 
-     Of  filthy  luflj  contr/iry  unto  kinde  t 

But  this  affection  nothing  ftraunge  I  finde ; 
For  who  with  reafon  can  you  aye  reprove 
To  love   the  femblaunt  pleafmg   mofl   your 

minde, 
And  yield  your  heart  whence  ye  cannot  re- 
move ? 
No  guilt  in  You,  but  in  the  tyranny  of  Love. 

XLI. 

"  Not  fo  th'  Arabian  Myrrhe  did  fett  her  mynd ; 
Nor  fo  did  Biblis  fpend  her  pining  hart ; 
But  lov'd  their  native  fledi  againft  al  kynd, 
And  to  their  purpofe  ufed  wicked  art : 
Yet  playd  Paliphae  a  more  monftrous  part, 
^  That  lovVl  a  bull,  and  learnd  a  bead  to  bee  ; 
Such  Ihamefull  luftes  who  loaths  not,  which 

depart 
From  courfe  of  nature  and  of  modeftee  ? 
Swete  Love  fuch  lewdnes  bands  from  his  faire 
companee. 

XLI.  2.  Nor yli]  Correded  from  the  Errata,  fubjoined  to 
the  firlt  edition,  bv  the  editions  of  1751,  Church,  and  Upton. 
The  reft  read,  "  Not  fo."     Todd. 

XLI.  9-  Swete  Love  fuck  Iciodnes  h'dndsfrom  his  faire  companee.  ] 
"  To  band  properly  fignifies  to  Join  together  in  a  company,  to 
affemble;  as  in  A8s  xxiii.  12.  "  And  when  it  was  day,  certain 
of  the  Jews  banded  together."  Spenfer  therefore,  either  for 
the  convenience  of  the  verfe,  ufed  bands  for  dijlands  ;  or,  what 
is  moft  probable,  the  word  was  written  in  his  copy  banns,  which, 
according  to  Junius,  is  to  forbid  by  profcription,  interdiccre ; 
and  from  whence  the  verb  to  banijh  is  derived.     T.  Warton*. 

Spenfer,  without  any  alteration,  might  follow  the  Italian 

VOL.   IV.  Y 


S'2'2  THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  BOOK  IIJ. 

XLII. 

"  But  tliinc,  my  dearc,  (welfare  thy  heart,  my 

deare  !) 
71ioiigh  Itraunge  beginning  had,  yet  fixed  is 
On  one  that  worthy  may  perhaps  appeare  ; 
And  certcs  feemes  bellowed  not  amis : 
loy  thereof  have  thou  and  eternall  blis !" 
AVith  that,  upleaning  on  her  elbow  weake, 
Her  alablaiter  brell  the  foft  did  kis, 
Which  all  that  while  fliee  felt  to  pant  and 

quake, 
As  it  an  earth -quake  were  :  at  laft  flie  thus  be- 

fpake ; 

XLIII. 

"  Beldame,  your  w  ords  doe  w  orke  me  litle  eafe  ; 
For  though  my  love  be  not  fo  lewdly  bent 
As  thofe  ye  blame,  yet  may  it  nought  appeafe 
My  raging  fmart,  ne  ought  my  flame  relent, 
But  rather  doth  my  helpeleffe  griefe  augment. 
For  they,  however  iliamefuU  and  unkinde, 

dar  il  bando,  bandirc,  to  hanijh : 

"  Amor  da  all'  avarizia,  all'  ozio  bando."     Upton. 

XLII.  7-  H(r  alablafter  brcji]  The  fecond  edition  reads 
alablqfted,  which  niuft  be  wrong.  This  fpelling,  which  is  agree- 
able to  all  the  old  editions,  is  vindicated  by  Skinner  in  his  In- 
trodudlion  to  his  Etymological  Didionary.     Ui'TON. 

Alahlajicr  was  the  ufual  reading  of  our  elder  poets :  from 
whom  I  could  give  numerous  examples.  I  find  G.  Wither  the 
firlt  who  writes  alahajhr.  See  the  phrafe  *'  alabajlir  rocks"  in 
hifi  Mijlrt^b  of  P/iilarcte,  16"22.     Todd. 

XLIII.  6. unkinde,]     Unnatural. 

The  fame  as  "  contrary  unto  kinde,"    ft.  40.     "  Againft  all 
kynd,"  ft.  41.     Church. 


(( 


CANTO  II.  THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  323 

Yet  did  poflfeflle  their  horrible  intent : 

Short  end  of  forrowes  they  therby  did  finde ; 

So  was  their  fortune  good,  though  wicked  were 

their  minde. 

XLIV. 

But  wicked  fortune  mine,  though  minde  be 

good. 

Can  have  no  end  nor  hope  of  my  defire, 

But  feed  on  {hadowes  whiles  I  die  for  food. 

And  like  a  Ihadow  wexe,  whiles  with  entire 

AfFeftion  I  doe  languifh  and  expire. 

I,  fonder  then  Cephifus  fooliih  chyld, 

Who,  having  vewed  in  a  fountaine  fhere 

His  face,  was  with  the  love  thereof  beguyld  ; 

I,  fonder,  love  a  Ihade,  the  body  far  exyld." 

XLV. 

"  Nought  like,"  quoth  fhee ;  "  for  that  fame 

wretched  boy 

Was  of  himfelfe  the  ydle  paramoure, 

,  ,Both  Love  and  Lover,  without  hope  of  ioy  ; 

For  which  he  faded  to  a  watry  flowre. 

XLIV.  1. though  minde  be  good,"]     The 

firft  folio,  and   Hughes's  firft  edition,  read  "  though  mine  be 
good."     Church. 

XLIV.  7.     ■ r  in  a  fountain  Ihere]     Sherfi 

is  tranfparent.     Again,  F.  Q.  iii.  xi.  7.  "  She  at  laft  came  to  a 
fountaine  Jheare."     Again,  F.  Q.  iv.  vi.  20.  "  Paji^olus  with  his 
v/atersjhere,"  which   feems  copied  from  Golding's  Ovid,  4to. 
1387.  Met.  iv. 

"  The  vcater  was  fo  pure  and^^eere."     Todd, 

XLV.  4.     For  mhich  he  faded  to  a  ivatri/^Qwre.]  Ovid)  Met. 
iii.  509. 

Y  2 


•^^i  THE  FAERIE  QUEEXE.  BOOK   III. 

But  belter  forlune  llilne,  and  better  bowre, 
AVbicb  lov'{t  tbe  lliadow  of  a  warlike  Knigbt ; 
No  ihadow,  but  a  body  bath  in  powre : 
That  body,  wherelbever  that  it  hght, 
May  learned  be  by  cyphers,   or  by  magicke 
might. 

XLVI. 
*'   But  if  thou  may  with  reafon  yet  repreflfe 
^  The  growing  evill,  ere  it  Itrength  have  gott, 
And  thee  abandond  wlioly  do  pofielTe ; 
Againft  it  ftrongly  ftrix  e,  and  yield  thee  nott 
Til  thou  in  open  fielde  adowne  be  fmott: 
But  if  the  paffion  may  Her  thy  fraile  might, 
So  that  needs  love  or  death  muft  be  thy  lott. 


"  croceum  pro  corpore  florem 


"   Inveniunt,  foliis  meflium  cingeiitibus  albis." 
i.  e.   The  narcilTus   has  white  leaves  with  a  yellow  cup,  and 
loves  the  water :  hence  Spenfer  calls  it  a  ivatiyjiou'rc. 

Uptov. 
XLV.  5.     But  &c.]    The  reafoniiig  is  this.    Narcillus  loved 
his  ownjhadoxv,  that  is,   was   both  Lure  and  Lover ^  and  confe- 
quently.was    unhappy:     You   love   the  Jh  a  (low   of   a   warlike 
Knight ;  but  there  can  be  no Jhadoiv  but  muft  be  call  by  fomo, 
bodihi  fiibjiancc ;  and  therefore  you  may  hope   to  obtain  that 
■per/on,  whofejiiadoiv  was  feen  by  you.     Church. 
-     XLV.  9-     i^/aj/  learned  be  by  cyphers,  or  by  inagiche  vright.^ 
Of  the  juggling  6j/  cyphers  the   reader  may  find  a  copious  ac- 
count in  Dr.  Dee's  and  William  Lilly's  aftrological  publications. 
It  is   finely  ridiculed    by  liutler   under  the  title  of  horary  in- 
'J'pet-tiun,   where   he   thus   defcribes  Sidrophel  proceeding  to  a 
■perfon»ance  of  cyphering.,  Hudibras,  P.  ii.  C.  iii. 
"  ^Vith  that  he  circles  draws,  and  fquares, 
"   With  cyphers,  aOral  characters  ; 
■*      "  Then  looks  'era  o'er  to  anderftand  'em, 

"  Although  let  down  hab-n;ib,  at  random."     Todd. 


CAX'TO  II.  THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  SQ5 

Then  I  avow  to  thee,  by  wrong  or  right 
To  conipas    thy  delire,    and    find    that  loved 
Knight." 

XLVII. 

Her  chearefull  words  much  cheard  the  feeble 
fpright 
Of  the  ficke  Virgin,  that  her  downe  fhe  layd 
In  her  warme  bed  to  fleepe,  if  that  fhe  might ; 
And  the  old-woman  carefully  difplayd 
The  clothes  about  her  round  with  bufy  ayd  ; 
So  that  at  laft  a  litle  creeping  fleepe 
Surprizd  her  fence :  Shee,  therewith  well  apayd, 
The  dronken  lamp  down  in  the  oyl  did  fleepe^ 

And  fett  her  by  to  watch,  and  fett  her  by  tQ 
weepe. 

XLVII.  7. She,  thereuith  well  apayd,]   Old 

Glauce  ue//  apai/d,  ■wellfafisjied,  to  fee  her  ward  taking  a  little, 
reft,  does  not  blow  out  the  lamp,  for  that  was  ill  ominous  • 
but  fteeps  it,  and  ihus  extinguiflies  it,  in  the  oil:  and  then 
lets  heifelf  to  watch  by  her,  and,  lamenting  her  cafe,  weeps 
over  her.     Upton. 

XLVII.  8.     The  dronken  lamp  duxvn  in  the  oyl  did  Jieepe,^ 
See  the  Ceiris,  ver.  S-ti. 

"   Inverfo  bibulum  reftinguens  lumen  olivo." 
Where  fee  Scaliger.     "  The  dronken  lump."     So  Prudentius, 
Cat  hem.  \J , 

"  Vivax  flamma  viget,  feu  cava  teftula 

"  Succiim  linteolo  fuggerit  ebrio,  &c." 
And  Martial,  X.  38. 

lucerna 

"  Nimis  ebria  Nicerotianis." 
Ariftophanes  calls  a  lamp  «roT»j?  y^v^voq.  Nub.  57.  And  it  is  a 
more  proper  metaphor  to  reprefent  it  as  a  great  drinker  than 
as  a  great  eater  :  yet  Alca2us  t»?  -arora?  Xi^;^»a?  aor^faya?  iIttiv,  fay^ 
Suidas  on  the  word  ao>j(payi».  The  ancient  poets  are  fond  of 
this  hietaphor.     Joktin.  '  \ 

y3 


32^  THE   FAERIE  QUEENE.  BOOK   III. 

XLVIII. 

Earel}",  the  morrow  next,  before  that  Day 
His  ioyous  face  (Hd  to  the  world  revele, 
They  both  iiprofe  and  tooke  their  ready  way 

■     Unto  the  church,  their  praiers  to  appele, 
A\  ith  great  devotion,  and  with  htle  zele  : 
For  the  faire  Damzell  from  the  holy  herfe 
Her  love-ficke   hart  to   other  thoughts  did 
rteale ; 


XLVIII.  4.     — their  praiers  lo  appele, 

Jf'itk  great  devotion,  and  xiitk  litle  zele : 
For  &:c.]     They  went  to  church  with  full  pur- 
pofe  oi faying  their  prayers,  but  performed  the  fervice  with  lefs 
attention  than  they  ought  to  have  done;  fays  Mr.  Church  :  or, 
according  to  Mr.  Upton,  they  went  to  appele  to  the  Deity  by 
prayers,  (Lat.  appellare,  Fr.  appeler,)  with   great  feeming  out- 
ward devotion,  but  with  little  inward  zeal.     The  word  appele, 
I  think,   may  be  rather  interpreted,  from  one  of  the  fenfes  in 
which  appello  is  ufed,  pronounce ;  and  then  we  may  fuppofe  the 
poet  intended,  They  went  to  repeat  their  prayers,   and  vierely 
to  repeat  them  ;  for  the  thoughts  of  Britomart,  like  thofe  of 
Eloifa,  appear  to  have  been  differently  employed : 
"  I  walle  the  matin  lamp  in  fighs  for  thee ; 
'*  Thy  image  Jieals  between  my  God  and  me — 
"  When  from  the  cenfer  clouds  of  fragrance  roll, 
*'  And  fwelling  organs  lift  the  rifing  foul, 
"  One  thought  of  thee  puts  all  the  pomp  to  flight,  &c." 
However,  it  mult   be  acknowledged,   that  the  rhyme   forced 
Spenfer  to  admit  appele  in  this  uncommon  fenfe.     Todd. 

XLVIII.  6.     — from  the  holy  herfe]     From  the 

holy  herfe,  is,  I  fuppofe,  the  fame  as  if  he  had  faid,  from  the 
holy  herfal,  which  is  ui'ed  afterwards,  F   Q.  iii.  xi.  18. 

"  Sad  herfal  of  his  heavy  ftrefle." 

So  that  holy  herfe  is  here,  the  rehearfal  of  the  prayers  in  the 
church-fervice,  at  which  Britomart  is  now  defcribed  as  prefent, 
Herfe  occurs,  in  the  Paftoral  of  November,  as  the  burden  of 
Calin's  fong,  "  O  heavie  herfe,"  and,  "  O  happie  herfe," 
where  E.  K.  interprets  herfe,  "  The  folcmne  Obfequie  in  Fu"« 
nerals."     T.  Wi^RTox. 


CANTO   ir.  THE  FAERIE  QUEEXE.  327 

And  that  old  Dame  faid  many  an  idle  veife, 
Out  of  her  daughters  hart  fond  fancies  to  re- 
verfe. 

XLIX. 

Retourned  home,  the  royall  Infant  fell 
Into  her  former  fitt ;  for  why  ?  no  powre 
Nor  guidaunce  of  herfelfe  in  her  did  dwell. 
But  th'  aged  nourfe,  her  calling  to  her  bowre, 
Had  gathered  rew,  and  favine,  and  the  flowre 
Of  camphora,  and  calamint,  and  dill ; 
All  which  Ihe  in  a  earthen  pot  did  poure, 

XLVIII.  9. to  reverfe.]     To  caufe  to 

return.     See  the  notes  on  F.  Q.  i.  ix.  48.     Church. 

XLIX.  7.  All  xchich  jhe  in  a  earthen  pot  did  poure,]  Nothing 
is  more  frequent  among  the  poets,  than  allufions  to  the  various 
powers  of  charms,  philters,  and  incantations.  There  were  two 
forts  of  incantations  uled  by  lovers,  the  one  to  procure  love, 
the  other  to  remove  it.  This  is  plain,  as  from  other  pallkges 
that  may  be  eafily  cited,  fo  from  the  following  in  Virg.  jEn. 
iv.  478. 

"  Inveni,  germana,  viam,  (gratare  forori,) 
"  Quae  mihi  reddat  eum,  vel  eo  me  folvat  amantem — 
"  Hcec  fe  carminibus  promittit  folvere  mentes, 
"  Quas  velit ;  aft  aliis  duras  immittere  cnras." 
The  incantation  here  is  to  undoe  her  daughters  love :  The  plants 
and  flirubs,  which  Glauce  ufes  on  this  occafion,  are  rue,  favine, 
camphire,    calamint,    and    dill ;    whofe   efficacious  powers   in 
medicine  are  faid  to  abate   defires  of  venery,   and  to  procure 
barrennefs  :  to  thefe  is  added  coltwood  or  colt's-foot ;  which 
is  reckoned  a  good  cooler,  and  proper  to  abate  the  fervour  of 
the  Virgins  love.     You  fee  the  propriety  of  the  choice  of  thefe 
plants  and  flirubs  :  but  why  is  the  whole  fprinkled  witk  milk 
and  blood,  which  were  ufed  in  the  evocation  of  the  infernal 
ihades,  and  were  oft'ered  as  libations  to  the  dead  ?  Thefe  offer- 
ings  likewife   of  milk    and    blood   were  grateful  to    the  En- 
chantrefs  Hecate ;  and  this  goddefs  was  to  be  alTifiant  in  this 
magical   operation,  tiaircuva,  xj  avn^yoi;,  as  JNIedea  in  Euripides 
invokes  her.     Hence  the  reader  may  fee  the  propriety  of  Speii- 

y  4 


328  THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  BOOK  TIT. 

And  to  the  brim  with  coUwood  did  it  fill, 
And  many  drops  of  milk  and  blood  through  it 
did  fpill. 

L. 
Then,  taking  thrifc  three  heares  from  off  her 
head, 
Them  trebly  breaded  in  a  threefold  lace. 
And  round  about  the  pots  mouth  bound  the 

thread ; 
And,  after  having  whifpered  a  fpace 
Certein  fad  words  with  hollow  voice  and  bace, 
$hee  to  the  Virgin  layd,  thrife  fuyd  llie  itt; 

fer's  adding  milk  and  blood,  as  well  as  mentioning  the  other  in^ 
gredients.     Compare  Theocritus  and  Virgil  in  their  Eclogues 
named  T/ie  Encluuitrcfs.     Drydcn,  in  his  notes  on  Virgil's  viiith 
Pujiural,  fays  that  "  Spenfer  has  followed  both  "\'irgil  and  'I'he- 
ocritus,  in  the  charms  which  he  employs  for  curing  Britomartis 
of  her  love.     But  he  had  alfo  our  po(!t's  Ceiris  in  his  eye  :  for, 
there,  not  only  the  enchantments  are  to  be  found,  but  alfo  the 
very  name   of  Ijritomartis."     I   cannot   perfuade  myfelf  that 
Virgil  wrote  this  poem  :   Spenfer  thought  it,   however,   worth 
his  reading   and  imitation.     The  patula  icjla,  earthen  pot,  or 
cauldron,  (as  Shakefpeare  exprelles  it  in  Macbetli,)  is,    I  think, 
the  fame,  which  Theocritus  names  xeXeSj?,  i.  e.  a  pot  or  cauldron, 
refembling  a  large  cup,  which  is  there  got  ready  for  the  love- 
iiigredients  ;  and  this  pot  the  encliantrels  bids  her  maid  to  bind 
round  with  a  purple  fillet  of  wool.     This  I  mention,  becaui'e  it 
fccms  to  me  that  the  word  is  not  undcrftood  by  the  commenta- 
tors of  Theocritu^i.       If  we    turn    to  Virgil's   Pqfioral,  which 
Dryden  thinks  that  Spenfer  had  in  his  eye,  as  well  as  the  Ceiris ; 
there  is  no  earthen  pot  or  cauldron  ;  but  an  altar  is  erecled  :  on 
which  frankincence,  vervain,  bay-leaves,  brimUone,  and  flower 
fprinklcd  with  fait,  were  Ijurnt  ;  and  this  altar  likewife  is  bound 
round  with  a  fillet  of  wool, 

"   iMolli  cinge  hajc  altaria  vitta." 


CANTO   IT.  THE   FAERIE  QUEENE.  329 

"  Come,  daughter,  come ;  come,  fpit  upon 

mv  face ; 
Spltt  thrife  upon  me,  thrife  upon  me  fpltt ; 

Th'  uneven  nomberfor  this  bulines  is  molt  titt.'* 

LI. 
Thatfayd,  her  rownd  about  (lie  from  her  turnd, 

She  turned  her  contrary  to  the  funne ; 

Thrife  llie  her  turnd  contrary,  and  returnd 

L,  9.  Til  vnexen  7wmbcr  for  t/iis  hufines  is  mnjl  fitt.']  I 
cannot  help  citing  a  palVage  from  Petronius,  which  illultrates 
thefe  foolifli  and  fuperftitious  ceremonies.  "  Ilia  de  finu  licium 
protulit  varii  coloris  filis  intortum,  cervicemque  vinxit  meam  : 
mox  turbatum  fputo  pulvereni  medio  lul'tulit  digito,  frontemqnc 
repugnantis  fignavit :  hoc  perado  carmine,  termejulfit  exfpu- 
ere,  terque  lapillos  conjicere  in  finum,  quos  ipfa  pnecantatos 
purpura  involverat,  &c."  This  filly  cui'tom  of  fpitting  they 
ufed  in  order  to  avert  what  was  odious  or  ill  ominous  :  See  the 
fcholiaft  on  Theoc.  Idj/Il.  vi.  3Q.  T^U  ek  £j^o>  sVIt^o-a  y.oXvov.  Spen- 
fer  happily  exprelTes  cowe,  thrice  ;  and /pit  vpon  ine ;  thrice. 
Yet  he  fhoula  not  have  iaid  face,  but  bofom :  thefe  wicked 
rhymes,  however,  niuft  plead  his  excufe.  But,  before  fhe  bids 
the  Virgin ^«Y  thrice,  [he  mumbles  (as  our  poet  learnedly  ex- 
preiTes  it)  certciii  fad  words,  i.  e,  words  agreeable  to  thefe  fu- 
perftitious folemnities.  See  Davies's  note  on  Cic.  Nat.  Dear. 
ii.  3,  concerning  this  expreihon,  certa  verba.     Upton. 

LI.  2.     — ■ contrary]      In  this  and  the  next  line  cow^ran/ 

is  accented  on  the  fecond  iyllable ;  in  the  fourth  line,  on  the 
firft  fyllable.  Milton  has,  in  like  manner,  to  fuit  his  conveni- 
ence, employed  both  accentuations.  See  Par.  Lq/i,  B.  viii.  132. 
^nd  Samfon  Agon.  ver.  972.     Todd. 

LI.  3  Thrife  /he  her  turnd  contrary,  and  returnd^  So  Me- 
dea in  her  magical  rites,  Ov.  Met.  vii.  I89.  "  Ter  fe  con- 
vertit — ."  Contrary  is  repeated  thrice  ;  See  the  note  above. 
The  reader  at  his  leifure  may  confult  the  Mafque  of  Qveens 
written  by  B.  Jonfon. 

"  About,  about,  and  about, 

"  Till  the  mift  arile,  &c." 
who  in  his  notes  cites  Remigius,   "  Gyrum  Temper  in   lae^'am 
progredi."    You  fee  Jonfon  repeats  thrice,  About,  &c. 

Uptok. 


330  THE  FAERIE  QUEEXE.  BOOK   III. 

All  contrary;  for  flie  the  right  did  lliunne; 

And  ever  what  flie  did  was  flreight  undonne. 

So  thought  fhe  to  undoe  her  daughter's  love : 

But  love,  that  is  in  gentle  bred  begonne, 

No  jdle  charmes  i'o  lightly  may  remove ; 

That  well   can  witnefle,  who  by  try  all  it  does 

prove. 

LII. 

Ne  ought  it  mote  the  noble  Mayd  avayle, 
Ne  Hake  the  fury  of  her  cruell  flame. 
But  that  Ihee  {till  did  wafte,  and  ftill  did 

wayle, 
That,     through    long    languour    and    hart- 
burning  brame, 
She  fhortly  like  a  pyned  ghoft  became 

LI.  7.     But  love,  that  is  in  gentle  brejl  brgonne, 

No  i/cllc  charmes  fo  lightly  inay  remove ;]     Bern  \,OrL 
Innam  L.  i.  C.  3.  It.  22. 

"  E  con  mio  danno  mi  convien  provare, 
*'  Che  contr'  amor  non  val  ncgronianzia, 
*'  i>.'c  per  raclice,  o  fiore,  o  fugo  d'  erba, 
"  La  cruda  piaga  fua  fi  difacerba."     Upton'. 

LIL  4. brame,]     Mr.  Upton  has 

here  converted,  in  his  GlolTary,  brame  into  a  fubftantive,  which 
he  interprets  vexation;  but  I  conceive,  with  Mr.  Church,  that 
brame  is  the  adjeftive  breem  ox  breme,  (which  the  rhyme  has  here 
altered,)  and  which  Spenfer  ules,  F.  Q.  vii.  vii.  40,  for  J'evcre 
or  Jharp,  as  alfo  in  liis  Shep.  Cal.  Tebr.  Hart-burning  is  a 
fubftantive,  fignifying  difcontent ;  of  which  meaning  Dr.  John- 
fon  has  cited  an  inftance  from  Swift,  under  the  woj'd  Heart- 
burning in  his  Didionary.     Todd. 

LII.  5.     like  a  pyned  ghoft  became]     So,   in  F.  Q. 

iv.  vii.  41 . 

"  That  like  a  pined  ghojl  he  foon  appears." 
We  find  forpijned  ghojl  in  Chaucer,  which  is  the  fame  as  pyned 
ghojl,  Prolog,  ver.  205. 

"He  was  not  pale  as  aforpi/ned  ghoji."     T.  Warton. 


CANTO  TI.  THE  FAERIE   QUEENE.  331 

Which   long    hath   waited  by  the   Stygian 

ftrond : 
That  when  old  Glauc^  faw,  for  feare  lead 

blame 
Of  her  mifcarriage  (hould  in  her  be  fond, 
She  wift  not  how  t'amend,  nor  how  it  to  with- 

ftond. 

LII.  6.      Which  long    hath  uaifed   hy    the   Stygian  Jirotid:] 
Waited,  becaufe  the  body  had  not  the  rites  of  burial.    Upton. 


S32  THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  BOOK  HI. 


CANTO    III. 

JMerlin  hercrayes  to  Britomart 
Theftatc  of  Arthegall  : 

ylncl  Jhcues  the  famous  proge)?j/, 
Jl  Inch  from  them  fpringen  Jhall. 


MOST  facred  fyre,  that  burneft  mightily 
In  hving  brefts,  jkindled  firiit  above 
Emongft  th'  eternall  fpheres  and  lamping  iky. 
And  thence  pourd  into  men,  which  men  call 

Love ; 
Not  that  lame,  which  doth  bafe  affections 

move 
In  brutilh  mindes,  and  filthy  luft  inflame ; 
But  that  fweete  fit  that  doth  true  beautie  love. 
And  chofeth  Vertue  fiar  his  deareft  dame, 

AVhence  fpring  all  noble  deedes  and  never-dying 

fame : 

II. 

AVell  did  Antiquity  a  god  thee  deeme, 

That  over  mortall  mindes  haft  fo  great  might, 

T.  1.     Mnjl  facred  fi/re,  kc]    Sponfor  is  full  of  this  Platonitk 
doctrine.     See  the  notes  on  his  Ihjmne  uf  Jhaienli/  Lore. 

Todd. 

I.  3. lamping/y,]    Ital.  luinpante^ 

fliinhig.     Upton. 


CANTO  III.       THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  333 

To  order  them  as  bed  to  thee  doth  feeme, 
And  all  their  adions  to  dire6t  aright : 
The  fatall  purpole  of  divine  foreiight 
Thou  doeft  effe6l  in  deftined  defcents, 
Through  deepe  impreffion  of  thy  fecret  might, 
And  ilirredft  up  th'  heroes  high  intents, 
Which  the  late  world  admyres  for  wondrous 

mpniments. 

'  III. 

But  thy  dredd  dartes  in  none  doe  triumph  more, 
i     Ne  braver  proofe  in  any  of  thy  powre 

Shewd'lt  thou,  then  in  this  royall  Maid  of 

yore, 
Making  her  feeke  an  unknowne  Paramoure, 
From  the  worlds  end,  through  many  a  bitter 

ftowre : 
From  whofe  two  loynes  thou  afterwardes  did 
■  -■        rayle  ,  /r  .    .   ?  . 

-     Moft  famous  fruites  of  matrimoniall  bowre, 
Which  through  the  earth  have  fpredd  their 
living  prayfe, 
That  fame  in  tromp  of  gold  eternally  difplaj^es. 

Begin  then,  O  my  deareft  facred  Dame, 
Daughter  of  Phoebus  and  of  Memorye, 

't   III.  2.     Ne 'braver  proofe  m  any  of  thy  poxvre  &c.]     This  is 
■tlie  genuine  reading.     Mr.   Church  erroneoufly  reads,  "  Ne 
leaver  preofe  of  a7nj  in  thy  powre  &c."     Todd. 
IV,  2.    Daughter  &c.]     See  note  on  F.  Q.  i.  xi.  5. 

■  Church. 


3S^  THE  FAERIE  QUEEXE.     BOOK  III, 

That  doeft  ennoble  with  immortall  name 
The  warhke  worthies,  from  antiquitje, 
In  thy  great  vohime  of  Eternitye ; 
Begin,  O  CHo,  and  recount  from  hence' 
My  glorious  Soveraines  goodly  Aunceftrye, 
Till  that  by  dew  degrees,  and  long  protenfe, 

Thou  have  it  laftly  brought  unto  ji^r  J^^cellence. 

V.  .,.:     ... 

Full  many  wayes  within  her  troubled  mind 
Old  Glauce  caft  to  cure  this  Ladies  griefe ; 
Full  many  wayes  llie  fought,  but  none  could 

find,  .,aC 

Nor  herbes,  nor  charmes,  nor  counfel  that 

is  chiefe 
And  choiceft  med'cine  for  fick  harts  reliefe  : 
Forthy  great  care  fhe  tooke,  and  greater  feare, 
Leaft  that  it  lliould  her  turne  to  fowle  repriefe 
And  fore  reproch,  whenfo  her  father  deare 
Should  of  his  deareft  daughters  hard  misfortune 
heare. 

VI. 

At  laft  (he  her  avifde,  that  he  which  made 

IV.  8.     long  protenfe,]    So  the  firft 

edition  reads  ;  but  other  editions,  pretence.  The  firft  edition 
is  right :  protenfe,  a  protendo,  from  ftretching  and  drawing  out. 
"  Cujus  protendert  famam,"  Claudian.  De  Laud.  Stil.  1.  36. 
The  Italians  have  protendere,  prutefo,  protenfione.     Upton. 

Mr.  Church  agrees  with  Mr.  Upton  in  regard  to  the  etymo- 
logy of  the  original  word.     All  the  reft  read  pretence.     Todd. 

VI.  1. avifde,]     Bethought.     See  F.  Q.  iii. 

ii.  22.  iii.  xii.  28.     The  folios  read,  advis'd.     Church. 

Tonfon's  edition  in  1758  corruptly  alfo  reads  advis'd.    ToDD. 


CANTO  III.       THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  33S 

That  Mirrhour,  wherein  the  ficke  Damofell 
So  ftraungely  vewed  her  ftraunge  lovers  ihade. 
To  weet,  the  learned  Merlin,  well  could  tell 
Under  what  coaft  of  heaven  the  Man  did 

dwell, 
And  by  what  means  his  love  might  beft  be 

wrouo'ht : 

o 

For,  though  beyond  the  Africk  Ifmael 

Or  th'  Indian  Peru  he  were,  fhe  thought 

Him  forth  through  infinite  endevour  to  have 

fought. 

VI  r. 

Forthwith  themfelves  difguifing  both  in  ftraunge 
And  bafe  attyre,  that  none  might  them  be- 
wray. 
To  Maridunum,  that  is  now  by  chaunge 
Of  name  Cayr-Merdin  caid,  they  tooke  their 

way : 
There  the  wife  Merlin  why lome  wont  (they  fay) 
To  make  his  wonne,    low    underneath    the 

ground, 
In  a  deepe  delve,  farre  from  the  vew  of  day, 
That  of  no  living  wight  he  mote  be  found, 
AVhenfo  he  counfeld  with  his  fprights  encompaft 
round. 

VI.  4.  To  xoeet,  the  learned  Merlin,']  He  is  called  in  Ari- 
ofto,  C- xxvi.  39.     "  Ilyaiio  incantator  Britanno."     Upton. 

VI.  7.     the  Africk  Ifmael,]    The  Ifraelites  or 

Agarens,  called  afterwards  Saracens,  conquered  a  great  par.t 
cf  Africa:  hence  he  fays  "  %h.Q  Africk  Ifmael."     Upton. 


336  THE  FAERIE   QUEENE.  BOOK  III, 

VIII. 

And,  if  dioii  ever  happen  that  fame  way 
To  traveill,  go  to  iee  that  dreadful  place : 
It  is  an  hideous  hollow  cave  (they  iiiy) 
Under  a  rock  that  lyes  a  litle  Ipace 
From  the  I'w  ift  Barry,  tombling  downe  apace 
Emonglt  the  woody  hilles  of  Dyneuowre  : 
V)\xt  dare  thou  not,  I  charge,  in  any  cace 
To  enter  into  that  fame  balefuU  bowre, 

For  feare  the  cruell  feendes  fliould  thee  unwares 

devowre : 

IX. 
But  ftanding  high  aloft  low  lay  thine  eare, 
And  there  fuch  ghaltly  noyie  of  yron  chaines 
And  brafen  caudrons   thou  flialt    ronibling 
heare, 
: /Which  thoufand  fprights  with  long  enduring 
paines 
^    Doe  tofie,  that  it  will  ftonn  thy  feeble  braines ; 

VIII.  6.  Emongjl  the  woodi/  hilles  of  Di/neiiowrc  ;]  The  prin- 
eipal  feat  of  the  princes  of  South-Wales  was  -  Dyuefar,  or 
Dynevor  caftle,  near  Caermarthen,  who  from  thence  were 
called  the  kings  of  Dynevor,     See  Drayton's  Volyolb.  S.  5. 

f':  .:/;':*•.  'J!.-    ..'•-■•  I    JO  .Upton. 

IX.  1.     But  Jianding  high  aloft  low  lay  thine  care. 

And  there  Inch  ghajlljj  noijfe  &c.]  This  ftorySpenfer 
borrowed  from  Giraldus  Cambrenfis,  who,  during  his  progrefs 
through  Wales  in  tl>e  twelfth  century,  picked  it  up  among 
other  romantick  traditions  propagated  by  the  Britilh  bards. 
iSee  Girald.  Cambrens.  Itin.  Cambr.  i.  c.  6.  Holiulh.  Hijt.  i. 
129.  And  Camden's  Brit.  p.  734.  Drayton  has  this  fidion, 
which  he  relates  foniewhat  differently,  Polyolb.  L.  iv.  p.  6'2. 
edit.  1613.     Hence  Bacon's  wall  of  brafs  about  England." 

T.  Wautok. 


CAXTO  III.       THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  337 

And  oftentimes  great  grones,  and  grievous 

liownds, 
When  too  huge  toile  and  labour  them  con- 

ftraines ; 
And    oftentimes    loud   ftrokes   and    rin^ins: 

fowndes 

From  under  that  deepe  rock  mod  horribly  re- 

bowndes. 

X. 

The  caufe,  fome  faj,  is  this :  A  litle  whyle 
Before  that  Merlin  dyde,  he  did  intend 
A  brafen  wall  in  compas  to  compyle 
About  Cairmardin,  and  did  it  commend 
Unto  thefe  fprights  to  bring  to  perfect  end  : 
During  which  worke  the  Lady  of  the  Lake, 
Whom  long  he  lov'd,  for  him  m  haft:  did  fend; 
Who,  thereby  forft  his  workemen  to  forfake, 

Them  bownd,  till  his  retourne,  their  labour  not 

to  flake. 

XL 
In  the  meane  time  through  that  falfe  Ladies 
traine 
He  was  furprifd,  and  buried  under  beare, 
Ne  ever  to  his  worke  returnd  againe  : 
Nath'lefTe  thofe  feends  may  not  their  work 
forbeare. 


X.  6.     — the  Lady  of  the  Lake,  &c.] 

See  the  preliminary  remarks  on  Spenfer's  Imitations  from  old 
Romances.     Todd. 

VOL.  IV.  Z 


338  THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  BOOK  III. 

So  2:reatlv  bis  commandrment  tliev  feare, 
]^iit  there  doe  tojle  and   traveile  day  and 

night, 
Untill  that  brafen  ^vall  they  up  doe  reare : 
For  Merlin  had  in  niao-ick  more  infi^ht 


'T' 


Then  ever  him  before  or  after  living  ^vight : 

XII. 

For  he  by  wordes  could  call  out  of  the  Iky 
Both  funne  and  moone,  and  make  them  him 

obay  ; 
The  land  to  fea,  and  fea  to  maineland  dry, 
And  darkfom  night  he  eke  could  turne  to  day; 
Huge  hoftes  of  men  he  could  alone  diimay. 
And  holies  of  men  of  meaneft  thinges  could 

frame, 
AV  henfo  him  lift  his  enimies  to  fray  : 

XII.  1.      For  he  by  uordcs  could  call  out  of  thcj}:y 

Both  funne  and  moone ^  &c.]  This  is  agreeable  to 
the  cuftom  of  claiTical  magicians.  So  Horace's  Canidia, 
Epod.  V.  -to. 

"  Quas  fidera  excantata  voce  Theflala, 
"  Lunanique  coelo  deripit." 
See  alfo  Virgil,  Eel.  viii.  69. 

"  Carmina  vel  coelo  poflunt  deducere  lunam." 
Shakfpeare's  Profpero  is  infinitely  to   be  admired  beyond  all 
the  forcerers  of  antiquity  : 

"   I  have  be-dimm'd 

"  The  noon-tide  fun,  call'd  forth  the  mutinous  winds, 
"  And  'twixt  the  green  fea  and  the  azur'd  vault 
"  Set  roaring  war,  &c." 
'I'his  rough  magick,  as  the  poet  afterwards  calls  it,   highly  in- 
terefts  the  fanrv.      Tonn. 

XII.  6".  And  hujics  of  mm  of  meanejl  things  could  frame,'] 
Like  Aftolfo,  who  turned  ftones  into  horfes,  and  trees  into 
ihips,  Orl.l'ur.  C.  xxxviii.  33,  and  C.  xxxix.  26'.     Upton. 


CANTO   rir.  THE  FAERIE  QUEEXE.  33.9 

That  to  this  daj,  for  terror  of  his  fame, 

The  feendes  do  quake  A\hen  any  him  to  them 

does  name. 

XIII. 

And,  footh,  men  fay  that  he  was  not  the  fonne 
Of  mortall  fyre  or  other  hving  wight, 
But  wondroufly  begotten,  and  begonne 
By  faUe  illufion  of  a  guilefull  fpright 
On  a  faire  lady  Nonne,  that  whilome  hight 
Matilda,  daughter  to  Pubidius 
Who  was  the  lord  of  Mathtraval  by  right. 
And  coofen  unto  king  Ambrohus ; 

Whence  he  indued  was  with  fkill  fo  mervellous. 

XIV. 

They,  here  arriving,  ftaid  awhile  without, 
Ne  durlt  adventure  rallily  in  to  wend. 
But  of  their  firft  intent  gan  make  new  dout 
For  dread  of  daunger,  which  it  might  portend : 
Untill  the  hardy  Mayd  (with  Love  to  frend) 
Firft  entering,  the  dreadfull  Mage  there  fownd 


XII.  9-    The  feendes  do  quahe  -when  any  him  to  them  does  name.^ 
See  Mr.  Wanton's  note  on  F.  Q.  i.  i.  37.     Todd. 

XIII.  7. Mathtraval]   Roderic  the 

great  (fee  ft.  45. )  divided  Wales  into  three  provinces,  Aberffraw, 
Dinevowr,  and  Mathraval.      See  Wynne's  Hiji.  of  Wales,  p.  27- 

Church. 

XIV".  3. gan  make  new  dout]     Began    to 

raife  new  difficulties,  new  fears.     See  F.  Q,  i.  vi.  1.     Church. 

XIV.  5. ■ with  Love  to  frend]     See  the 

note  on  "  with  God  to  friend,"  F.  Q.  i.  i.  28.     Todd. 

XIV.  6. ■ — -. Mage]     Magician.    LaU 

magus,     Churcu. 

z  2 


340  THE    FAERIE    QUEENE.  BOOK  III. 

Deepe  bufied  'bout  worke  of  wondrous  end, 

Andvvriliniritrauno-e  charii6lers  inthe2:rownd. 

With  which  the  ftubborne  feendes  he  to  his  fer- 

vice  bound. 

XV. 

He  nought  was  moved  at  their  entraunce  bold, 

'      For  of  their  comming  \ve\\  he  m  ift  afore  ; 

Yet  hft  them  bid  their  bufmefie  to  unfold, 

As  if  ought  in  this  world  in  fecrete  ftore 

Were  from  him  hidden,  or  unknowne  of  yore. 

Then  Glauce  thus;  "  Let  not  it  thee  offend, 

,  That  w^e  thus  raflily  through  thy  darkfom 

dorc 


XIV  7.     Deepe  buftcd  'bout  icorhe  of  "WOJidroiis  end, 

And  -writing  tS:c.]     Ifmeno  is  thus  bufied,  and  thus 
binding  the  ftubborn  fiends  to  his  commands,  in  Tailo,  C.  xiii.  3. 
"  Ilor  qui  fen  vennc  il  Mago,  e  l'  opportune 
"  Alto  filentio  de  hi  notte  fcelfe  : 
"  De  la  notte,  che  prodima  fuccefle, 
"  E  fuo  cerchio  formouui,  e  i  fegni  imprefle,  &c.'* 

Todd. 

XIV.  8. chambers]    Here  accented  on 

the  fecond  fyllablc,  as  in  Shakfpeare's  Rape  of  Lucrece  : 

"  The  light  will  ihew,  clwrdcler'd  on  my  brow  :" 
And  as  it  is   often   accented  by  our  old  poets.     But  Spenfer 
and  Shakfpeare  both  place  the  accent  alfo  on  the  firft  fyllable. 
See  F.  Q.  v.  vi.  2.     Todd. 

XV.  1.     He  nought  xcas  moved  at  their  entraunce  hold. 

For  of  their  comming  well  he  u'ijl  afore ;]  This  kind 
of  prefcience  is  admirably  burlefqued  by  Butler,  where  he  in- 
troduces Iludibras  alking  pardon  of  Sidrophel  for  his  intrufion, 
P.  ii.  C.  iii. 

By  no  means,  Sir,  quoth  Sidrophel ; 
The  ftars  your  coming  did  foretel ; 
"  I  did.  exped  you  here,  and  knew, 

Before  you  fpake,  your  bufinefs  too  !"    Todd. 


il 


i( 


CANTO  III.        THE  FAERIE  QUEEXE.  341 

Unwares  have  preft ;  for  either  fatall  end, 

Or  other  mightie  caufe,  us  two  did  hetherfend." 

XVI. 

He  bad  tell  on :  And  then  (he  thus  began  ; 
*'  Now    have    three   moones  with   borrowd 

brothers  liiiht 
Thrife  fliined  faire,  and  thrife  feemd  dim  and 

wan, 
Sith  a  fore  evill,  which  this  Virgin  bright 
Tornienteth  and  dothplonge  indolefull  phght. 
Fir  ft  rooting  tooke ;  but  what  thing  it  mote 

bee, 
Or  whence  it  fprong,  I  cannot  read  aright : 
But  this  I  read,  that,  but  if  remedee 
Thou  her  afford,  full  fhortly  I  her  dead  Ihall  fee." 

XVII. 

Therewith  th'  Enchaunter  foftly  gan  to  fmyle 
At  her  fmooth  fpeeches,  weeting  inly  well 

XV.  8,     ■ fatall  end,]     Dcfliiiy. 

Again,  in  ft.  21.  "  By  fatall  lore."     Church. 

XVI.  2.     Noxv  hare  three  moones  mth  borrowd  brothers  light 

Thrife  Jhined  faire,  and  thrife  feemd  dim  and  wan, 1 
The  poets  frequently  ufe  tbefe  circumlocutions,  meaning  three 
months  are  fully  paft.  Ovid  is  fond  of  this  manner  of  ex- 
preflion.  ^eeFaJi.  ii.  175,  447,  iii.  121.  Bfet.  ii.  344,  vii.  530. 
The  fame  kind  of  poetical  circumlocutions  Spenfer  ufes,  F.  Q. 
i.  viii,  38,  ii.  i.  53,  ii,  ii.  44,  and  in  other  places.     Upton, 

XVI.  8. . but  if]     Except  or  itnlcfs. 

So,  in  Bexis  of  Hampton  : 

"  The  rope  I  may  not  reach, 

"  Biit  if  thou  me  fliew  or  teach." 
This  formulary  but  if  is  common  in  Spenfer.     Some  editions, 
however,  have  here  erroneoufly  given  if  but,  which  prefents  a, 
meaning  exadtly  oppofite  to  that  of  the  poet,     Todd. 

z  3 


S4C  THE    FAERIE    QUEEXE.  BOOK  III. 

That  iTie  to  him  diliembled  womanifh  guylc, 
And  to  her  faid  ;  "  Beldame,  by  that  ye  tell 
More  neede  of  leach-crafte  hath  your  Da- 
mozell, 
^'  Then  of  my  ll^ill :  who  helpe  may  have  elfe- 

where, 
"    In  vaine  feekes  wonders  out  of  magick  fpell." 
Th'  old  woman  wox  half  blanck  thofe  wordes 
to  heare ; 

XVII.  5. leach-orafte]     The  art  of  healing  or 

of  phyfich.     So  Chaucer,  Kn.  Talc,  v.  2748. 

"  The  clolered  blood,  lor  any  leche-crafte, 

"  Corrumpeth,  &c." 
And  in  Golduig's  (hid.  Met.  xv.  p.  1.00.  b.  edit.  l6l2.     "  By 
force  of  herbcs  and  Icechcraft."     In  ihe  next  llanza  the  leach's 
fldll,  is  the  Ikill  of  the  plni/iciaii.     Thus,  in   Hawes's  Hijl.of 
Crauiide  yl^noiire.  Sec.  155A.-.  Sign.  L.  iiij. 

"  To  wofull  creatures  flie  [Wifdoni]  is  goodly  Icche 

"   \\"ilh  her  good  litter,  called  Pacieuce." 
And   in  Occieve's   ftory  of  Jonathas,    introduced  by   Browne 
into  his  Shephcards  Pipe,   iG'JO.  Egl.  1. 

. • "  deare  friend,  we  you  pray, 

*'  What  man  be  ye  ?  Sirs,  quoth  he,  certeine, 

"  A  leech  I  am  ;  and,  though  my  felfe  it  fay, 

"  Can  for  the  health  of  fickefolkes  well  puruay." 
And    in   the    old    Morality    of    Ili/ckeScunicr,    publiflied   in 
Hawkins's  Orig.  of  Eiig.  Drama,  vol.  i.  p.  92. 

"  Ilelpe,  helpe,  ixc. 

''  Alas  !  a  leche  for  to  helpe  my  wounde." 
Thefe  leeches  are  called   in  old  French,  mires.     See  Cotgrave, 
in  V.  "  Mire,  apliyfitian,  leech,  chirurgian."     They  are  often 
mentioned  in  the  old  romances.     See  Le  I'raij  Theatre  d'honiieur 
ft  chevalerie,  6ic.    Paris,    fol.    l6"48,    tom.  i.  ch.  viii.    p.   129. 

"  Des   anciexs  Ciievalieks    eruans S'  ils   etoient 

blelfe^i  ou  nialades,  il  y  auoit  des  mcdecins  &  chirurgiens 
qu'  ils  nonuiioient  mires  k  pliyfieiens,  qui  les  trattoient  iufques 
a  leur  parfaite  guerifon."  See  alfo  Hift.  de  Gerard  Comte  de 
Neicrs,  1520.  P.  ii.  Ch.  xiii.  "  Se  Gerard  cull  aconfuivy, 
jamais  de  fiiire  ne  luy  euft  efte  metier."     Todd, 

X\TI.  8.     Th'  old  zcoman  uoi  /m//' blanck]     Half  confounded 


CANTO  III.   THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  343 

And  yet  was  loth   to  let  her  purpofe   plaine 

appeare ; 

XVIII. 

And  to  Inm  faid  ;  "  Yf  any  leaches  fkill. 
Or  other  learned  meanes,  could  have  redreft 
This  my  deare  daughters  deepe-engrafFed  ill, 
Certes  I  fhould  be  loth  thee  to  moleft : 
But  this  fad  evill,  which  doth  her  infell, 
Doth  courfe  of  naturall  caufe  farre  exceed, 
And  houfed  is  within  her  hollow  brefl, 
That  either  feemes  fonie  curfed  witches  deed. 

Or  evill  fpright,  that  in  her  doth  fuch  torment 

breed." 

XIX. 

The  Wifard  could  no  lenger  beare  her  bord, 

But,  burfting  forth  in  laughter,  to  her  fayd  ; 

"  Glauce,  what  needes  this  colourable  word 

To  cloke  the  caufe  that  hath  itfelfe  bewrayd  ? 

Ne  ye,  fayre  Britomartis,  thus  arayd. 


and  out  of  countenance.  Ital.  reftar  bianco.,  i.  e.  as  INIilton  ex- 
prefles  it,  Par.  L.  B.  ix.  89O.  To  ftand  "  allonied  and  blank." 
See  alio  Par.  Reg.  B.  ii.  120.     Upton. 

XIX.  1. //e/- bord,]      llerjeft,hev 

pretence;  for  what  ihe  faid  was  not  true.  The  word  bord  is 
often  ufed  for  jtjl  or  merriment.  See  F.  Q.  iv.  iv.  13.  So  Chaucer, 
Mane.  Prol.  v.  17030.  edit.  Tyrwhitt. 

"  That,  that  I  i'pake,  I  fayd  it  in  my  hourd." 
And  Drayton,  Sheplteards  Garland,  edit.  1593.  p.  53. 
"  Gramcrcy,  Borrill,  for  thy  company, 
"  For  all  thy  ieftes  and  all  thy  merrie  bonrds."     Todd, 
XIX.  5.     Ne  ye,  fai/re  Brito7nartis,]     Obferve  the  addrefs 
ye :  as   in  F.  Q.   vi.  ii.  42.     "  Ye  doleful  dame."     So  Virgil, 
"  Vos,  O  Calliope."     Upton. 


z  4 


544  THE  FAERIE  QUEEXE.     BOOK  ITT. 

.    More  hidden  are  then  funne  in  cloudy  vele; 
'Whom  thy  good  fortune,  having  fate  obayd, 
Hath  hether  brought  for  fuccour  to  appelc ; 

The  which  the  Powres  to  thee  are  pleaied  to 
re  vele/' 

XX. 

The  doubtfuU  IMayd,  feeing  herfelfe  defcryde, 
A\  as  all  abaiht,  and  her  pure  y  vory 
Into  a  cleare  carnation  fuddeine  dj^de ; 
As  fayre  Aurora,  ryiing  haftily. 
Doth  by  her  blufliing  tell  that  (he  did  lye 
All  night  in  old  Tithonus  frozen  bed, 
M hereof  Ihe  leemes  alhamed  inwardly: 
But  her  olde  nourfe  was  nought  dilbartened. 

But  vauntage  made  of  that  which  Merlin  had 
ared ; 

XXI. 
And  fiiyd ;    ''  Sith  then  thou  knoweft  all  our 
griefe, 
(For  what  doeft  not  thou  knowe  ?)  of  grace 

I  pray, 
Pitty  our  playnt,  and  yield  us  meet  reliefe  !" 
AVith  that  the  Prophet  flill  awhile  did  ftay, 
And  then  his  fpirite  thus  gan  foorth  difplay; 
"  Moll;  noble  Virgin,  that  by  fatall  lore 


XXI.  2.     For -what  doejl  not  thou  hnowe?]     Virgil,   ^n.  iv. 
447. 

"  ScJs,  Proteu,  fcis  ipfe;  neque  eft  te  fallere  cuiquam." 

UrTON, 


CANTO  III.        THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  345 

Haft  learn'd  to  love,  let  no  whit  tliee  difmay 

The  hard  beginne  that  meetes  thee  in  the 

dore, 

And  with  fliarpe  fits  thy  tender  hart  opprefleth 

_  fore : 

XXII. 

"  For  fo  muft  all  things  excellent  begin ; 
And  eke  enrooted  deepe  muft  be  that  tree, 
Whofe  big  embodied  braunches  fliall  not  lin 
Till  they  to  hevens  hight  forth  ftretched  bee. 
For  from  thy  wombe  a  famous  progenee 
Shall  fpring  out  of  the  auncient  Trojan  blood, 
Which  ftiall  revive  the  fleeping  memoree 
Of    thofe    fame    antique   peres,   the  hevens 
brood, 

Which  Greeke  and  Afian  rivers  ftayned  with 
their  blood. 


XXI.  8.  The  hard  beginne]  Beginning.  The  verb  con- 
verted into  a  fubltantive,  as  re/tore  alio  is,  F.  Q.  iii.  v.  18. 
Where  fee  Mr.  Church's  note.     Todd. 

XXII.  3.  IVhofe  big  embodied  braunches  Sec]  This  is  very 
poetical,  and  in  the  prophetical  liyle.  "  And  there  fliall  come 
forth  a  rod  out  the  ftem  of  JelTe,  and  a  branch  Ihall  grow  out 
of  his  roots."  If.  xi.  1. — Britomart  was  defcended  from  Brutus, 
who  boafted  his  original  from  .Eneas,  Anchifes,  and  Aifaracus, 
of  the  ancient  Trojan  blood,  as  'n\  Orl.  Fur.  C.  iii.  17.  "  L'antico 
fangue  clie  venne  da  Troja."  And  no  Icfs  the  heavens  brood,  as 
in  V'irg.  Georg.  iii.  35. 

"  Aflaraci  proles,  demiffaeque  ab  Jove  gentis 

"  Nomina."     Upton. 

XXII.  9.     Which  Greeke  and  Afian  rivers  ftayned  with  their 

blood.]     This,  methinks,  clofes  not  well ;  and  rather  fuits  with 

the   vanquillied  than  victors:  but  certainly   'tis   ill-ominous: 

Nor  does  Merlin  allude  only  to  the  Trojans,  but  to  the  Romans 


<( 


S4()  THE  FAEttlE  QUEENE.  BOOK   III. 

XXIII. 

Renowmed  kings,  and  lacred  emperours, 
Thy  fruiltull  ofspring,  ftiall  from  thee  defcend ; 
Brave  captaines,  and  moft  mighty  warriours, 
That  ftiall  their  conquells  through  all  lands 

extend, 
And  their  decayed  kingdomes  fhall  amend  : 
The  feeble  Britons,  broken  \vith  long  warre, 
They  iliall  upreare,  and  mightily  defend 
Againft  their  forren  foe  that  commes  from 
farre. 
Till  univerfall  peace  compound  all  civill  iarre. 

XXIV. 

"  It  was  not,  Britomart,  thy  wand  ring  eye 
Glauncing  unwares  in  charmed  Looking-glas, 
But  the  ftreight  courfe  of  hevenly  deltiny, 
Led  with  Eternall  Providence,  that  has 
G  uyded  thy  glaunce,  to  bring  His  Will  to  pas  : 
Ne  is  thy  fate,  ne  is  thy  fortune  ill, 
To  love  the  proweft  Knight  that  ever  was : 

likewife,  the  defcendants  of  the  Trojans :  Has  not  the  printer 
therefore  omitted  one  word,  and  given  us  another  of  his  own  ? 
And  will  it  not  be  more  poetical,  and  more  prophetical,  if  we 
read  ? 

"  Which  Greeks  and  Afian  n\ers  Jloi/nd  with  hnjlile  blood." 

Upton. 

Tonfon's  edition  in  175S  reads  Jlaind,  which  cripples  the 
verfe.  It  reads,  however,  with  the  lirll;  edition,  and  thofe  of 
1751,  Church,  and  Upton,  Grecke.  The  reft  read  erroneoufly 
Greece.     Todd. 

XXIII.  5.     — ■ i\\a\\  amend  :]     The  fecond 

and  fubfequent  folio  rend,  without  authority,  "  all  amend  j" 
which  Tonfon's  edition  of  175S  has  followed.     Todd. 


CANTO  III.   THE  FAERIE  QUEENE,  347 

Therefore  iiibmit  thy  wayes  unto  His  AVill, 
And  doe,  by  all  dew  meanes,  thy  deftiny  fulfill.'* 

XXV. 
"  But  read,"  faide  Glauc^,  "  thou  ]\Iagitian, 
What  meanes  fliall  llie   out-feeke,   or  what 

waies  take  ? 
How  ftiall  (lie  know,  how  fliall  flie  fmde  the 

Man  ? 
Or  what  needes  her  to  toyle,  fith  fates  can 

make 
Way  for  themfelves  their  purpofe  to  pertake  ?" 
Then  Merlin  thus ;  "  Indeede  the  fates  are 

firme. 
And  may  not  flnunck,  though  all  the  world  do 

fliake : 
Yet  ought  mens  good  endevours  them  con- 
firm e, 
And  guyde  the  heavenly  caufes  to  their  conflant 
terme. 


XXIV.  .9.     And  doe,   by  all  dew  meanes,   &c.]     So  Milton 
rightly  realbns,  Far.  Reg.  B,  iii.  353. 

"  Prediction  Itill 

"   In  all  things,  and  all  men,  fuppofes  means  ; 
*'  Without  means  us'd,  what  it  predicts  revokes." 

Church. 

XXV.  4. full  fates  can  make 

Wuijfur  thcmjekes  their  purpofe  to  pertake  ?]  Tata 
viam  inxenient,  \'irg.  ^n.  iii.  39 J.  Since  the  fates  can  make 
way  for  themfelves  for  her  10  partake  of  their  purpofes. 
Merlin's  anfwer  is  very  Stoical :  Yet  we  ought  to  co-operate 
with  Fate  :   (^I'vof^avy   h^oyvu^ovyxxcciy    ffvvo^iyij-^»i,  ccvKu<;  avvdeXav, 

Uptox. 


348  THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  BOOK  III. 

XXVI. 

"  The  ]Man,  whom  heavens  have  ordaynd  to  bee 
The  Tpoiife  of  Britomart,  is  Arthegall : 
He  wonneth  in  the  land  of  Fayeree, 
Yet  is  no  Faiy  borne,  ne  fib  at  all 
To  Elfes,  but  fprong  of  feed  terreftriall. 
And  whylome  by  falfe  Faries  llolne  away, 
Whyles  yet  in  infant  cradle  he  did  crall ; 
Ne  other  to  himi'elfe  is  knowne  this  da}^, 

But  that  he  by  an  Elfe  was  gotten  of  a  Fay  : 

XXVII. 

"  But  footh  he  is  the  fonne  of  Gorlois, 


XXVI.  4. fib]     Rclafion.     "  Ne  fib 

at  all,"  i.  e.  lie  is  no  uay  related.     So  Chaucer,  p.  223.  ed.  Urr. 
"  \\s.?,fibbe  to  Arthour  of  Breteigne."     Church. 

XXVI.  6'.     And  xihylome  by  falfe  Furies  jlohie  auay, 

IVhylcs  yet  in  infant  cradle  he  did  cull ;]  The 
fame  hiftory  is  relnted  of  St.  George,  F.  Q.  i.  x.  65.  Where 
fee  the  notes.  The  reader  therefore  will  remember  this  ac- 
count of  Arthegal,  when  he  perules  what  has  been  faid  of  St. 
George  by  an  elegant  and  ingenious  writer ;  that  "  the  ftealing 
of  the  Redcrofs  Knight,  while  a  child,  is  tlie  only  incident  in 
the  poem  which  approaches  to  the  pop\ilar  character  of  the 
Fairy."  See  MinjlrelJ'y  of  the  Scottifi  Border,  1802.  vol.  ii. 
p.  213.  An  inftance  of  this  magical  kind  of  child-jleuling  is 
gravely  related,  from  Wierus,  in  Ilijloricc  dc  Speciris,  &c.  Lugd. 
Bat.  1656,  p.  128.     Todd. 

XXVII.  1.  But  footh  he  is  the  fonne  of  Gorlois,]  This  is 
the  Gorlois  of  whom  Milton  fpeaks,  Epitaph.  Damonis,  v.  166, 

"  Tum  gravidam  Arturo,  fitali  fraude,  logernen, 
"  Mendaces  vultus,  alTumptaque  Gorlois  arma, 

"   Merlini  dolus." 

Geoffry  of  .Monmouth  informs  us,  that  Uther  P.endragon 
fell  in  love  with  Igerne,  or  Jogerne,  the  wife  of  Gorlois  prince 
of  Cornwall.  In  the  abfence  of  Gorlois,  Merlin,  by  his  ma- 
gick,  transformed  Uther  into  the  likenefs  of  Gorlois,  and  one 
t'lfin  into  the  likenel's  of  Jordan,  a  familiar  friend  of  Gorlois, 


CANTO  III.         THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  349 

And  brother  unto  Cador,  Cornifli  king  ; 

And  for  his  warhke  feates  renowmed  is, 

From  where  the  day  out  of  the  fea  doth 

fpring, 

Untill  the  clofure  of  the  evening  : 

From  thence  him,  firmely  bound  with  faithfull 

band, 

To  this  his  native  foyle  thou  backe  flialt  bring, 

Strongly  to  ayde  his  countrey  to  withftand 

The  powre  of  forreine  Paynims  which  invade 

thy  land. 

xxvm. 

"  Great  ayd  thereto  his  mighty  puiffaunce 

And  dreaded  name  (liall  give  in  that  fad  day; 

AVhere  alfo  proofe  of  thy  prow  valiaunce 

Thou  then  llialt  make,  t'  increafe  thy  Lover's 

pray : 
Long  time  ye  both  in  amies  (liall  beare  great 

fway. 
Till  thy  wombes  burden  thee  from  them  do 

call, 

himfelf  aflTuming  the  figure  of  one  Bricel ;  by  means  of  which 
artifice,  Uther  enjoyed  logerne,  and  begot  king  Arthur.  B.  8. 
C.  19.  Spenfer,  in  his  EpilUe  to  Sir  Walter  Raleigh,  calls 
logerne,  or  Igernc,  the  lady  Igrayne ;  and  flie  is  fo  called  in 
Morte  Arthur.     T.  Warton. 

XXVII.  4.  From  -where  the  day  &c.]  So,  in  Pfalm  cxiii.  3. 
"  From  the  rifing  up  of  the  fun,  unto  the  going  down  of  the 
fame,"  i.e.  throughout  the  uhole -world.     Church. 

XXVII.  6.     From  thence]     That  is,  From  Fairy  land. 

Church. 

Ibid.     — ^^ him,Jirmely  bound  with  faithfull  band,"} 

That  is,  him  bound  in  wedlock.     Church. 


SSO  THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  BOOK  III. 

And  his  laft  fate  liim  from  thee  take  away; 

Too  rathe  cut  off  by  pra6life  criminall 
Of  fecrete  foes,  that  him  Ihall  make  in  mifchicfe 
Ml 

XXIX. 
*'  With  thee  yet  fliall  he  leave,  for  memory 

Of  his  late  puifiaunce,  his  ymage  dead, 

That  living  him  in  all  activity 

To  thee  Ihall  reprefent :  He,  from  the  head 

Of  his  coofen  Conftantius,  without  dread 


XXMir.  S.  Too  ratlic]  Too  car/j/.  See  the  note  on  rat/iCf 
Sbep.  Cal.  Dec.     Todd. 

XXIX.  1.  With  t /tec]  So  tlie  firft  edition  reads;  which 
Hughes's  fccond  edition,  and  thofe  of  1751,  Church,  and 
Upton,  rightly  follow.     The  relt  read,  "  Where  thee  lS:c." 

Todd. 

XXIX.  2. his  ymage  dead,]     That  is, 

He  dead  fliall  leave  thee  his  image  :  Or,  His  image  dead  is, 
the  image  of  him  dead.  When  he  dies,  he  Ihall  leave  thee  a 
fon  the  image  of  himfelf.  See  F.  Q.  ii.  x.  34.  "  His  fon 
Rivair  his  dead  rowme  did  fupply."     Jortin. 

XXIX.  4.     ■ He,  from  the  head 

Of  his  coofen  Conjlantius,  &c.]  The  hiftorians, 
who  treat  of  Arthur  and  his  fucceffours,  are  fomewhat  confufed 
and  contradit'tory  among  themfelves  ;  and  thereby  they  give 
a  very  fair  opening  to  a  poet  to  make  a  hillory  for  his  poem, 
and  not  his  poem  for  the  hiftory.  In  my  notes  on  the  tenth 
Canto  of  the  fecond  Book,  I  have  given  the  fucceflTion  of 
Britilh  kings  down  to  Arthur.  And  here  I  Ihall  refume  the 
hiftor}'.  Uther  Pendragon  was  Arthur's  father,  and  fell  in  love 
with  igerna,  the  wife  of  Gorlois  duke  of  Cornwall,  whom,  by 
Merlin's  help,  he  enjoyed ;  and  afterwards,  upon  the  death  of 
Gorlois,  married.  It  feems  not  improper  !iore  to  put  the 
reader  in  mind,  that,  during  the  reign  of  Uther  Pendragon,  the 
Saxons  were  perpetually  haraffing  the  Britons;  under  their 
leaders  Octa  and  Eofa  :  And  this  is  the  hiftorical  part,  that  has 
chiefly  reference  to  this  Fairy  poem.  Gorlois  had  by  his  wife 
Igerna  a  fon  named  Cador,  and  likewife  (as  Spenfer  has  added) 


CANTO   III.        THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  351 

Shall  take  the  crowne  that  was  his  fathers 

right, 
And  therewith  crowne  himfelfe  in  th'  others 

ftead : 
Then  iliall  he  iliew  forthwith  dreadfuU  might 
Againft  his  Saxon  foes  in  bloody  field  to  fight. 

XXX. 
"  Like  as  a  lyon  that  in  drowiie  cave 

Hath  long  time  flept,  himfelfe  fo  iliall  he 

fliake ; 
And,  comming  forth,  fliall  fpred  his  banner 
brave 


Arthegal.  There  is  mention  made  of  Arthegal  of  Warguit, 
i.  e.  Warwick,  (in  Geoffry  of  Monmouth,  B.  ix.  C.  12.)  among 
the  heroes  of  Arthur's  Court :  and  he  is  mentioned  as  a  Knight 
of  the  Round  Table  in  JMurte  Arthur,  or  (as  'tis  called)  I'/ie 
Hijiory  of  Prince  Jrthur.  Arthur  was  mortally  wounded, 
lighting  againft  his  traiterous  nephew  Modred  ;  and  in  the  fame 
battle  Modred  himfelf  was  killed.  Arthur  gave  up  the  crown 
to  his  kinfman  Conftantine,  the  fon  of  Cador  duke  of  Cornwal. 
Conftantine,  having  reigned  three  years,  was  (lain  by  Conan. 
After  Conan,  reigned  Wortiporius  ;  who  conquered  the  Saxons; 
after  Wortiporius,  Malgo.  'Tis  now  eafy  to  fee  how  Spenfer 
has  feigned  his  ftory.  Arthegal  was  the  fon  of  Gorlois,  duke 
of  Cornwal ;  he  married  Britomart  and  had  by  her  a  fon,  whom 
he  names  not,  but  means  Aurelius  Conan:  this  fon  of  Arthegal 
Ihall  claim  the  crown  of  Britain,  his  due,  from  Conftantine, 
Arthur's  kinfman ;  and,  having  conquered  the  Saxons,  ftiall 
be  fucceeded  by  his  fon  Vortipore,  or  Wortiporius,  as  GeofiVy 
of  Monmouth  calls  him.     Upton. 

XXX.  1.     Like  as  a  lyon  that  in  droxv/ie  cave 

Hath  lung  time  Jlcpt,  himfelfe  fo  fhall  he  ^fhake ;] 
Our  poet  was  indebted  to  Scripture  for  this  truly  great  and 
poetical  image  :  "  Juda  is  a  lion's  whelp  :  from  the  fpoil  my 
fon  thou  art  come  on  high :  he  laid  him  down,  and  couched 
himfelf  as  a  lion,  and  as  a  liouefs  :  who  will  ftir  him  up  ?" 
Gen.  xlix.  9-     Upto>f. 


552  THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  BOOK  III. 

Over  the  troubled  South,  that  it  fliall  make 
The  warhke  Mertians  for  feare  to  quake  : 
Thrife  lliall  he  fight  with  them,   and  twife 

Ihall  win ; 
But  the  third  time  fliall  fayre  accordaunce 

make  : 
And,  if  he  then  with  \'i6lorie  can  hn, 
He  fliall   his   dayes  with   peace   bring  to  his 

earthly  In. 

XXXI. 
"  His  fonne,  hight  Vortipore,   fliall   him  fuc- 

ceede 
In  kingdome,  but  not  in  felicity : 
Yet  fliall  he   long  time  warre  with    happy 

fpeed, 
And  with  great  honour  many  batteills  try ; 
But  at  the  laft  to  th'  importunity 
Of  froward  fortune  fliall  be  forft  to  yield : 
But  his  fonne  Malgo  fliall  full  mightily 
Avenge  his  fathers  loffe  with  fpeare  and  fliield, 
And  his  proud  foes  difcomfit  in  vi6lorious  field. 


XXX.  5.  The  warlike  Mertians]  Mercia  was  one  of  the 
kingdoms  of  the  Saxon  Heptarchy  ;  fo  named,  becaufe,  being 
in  the  middle,  it  was  a  march  or  border  to  the  refi.     Upton. 

XXX.  8.     ■ can  lin,]     CeaJ'c,  or  give 

over.  See  alfo  ft.  22.  "  Whofe  big  embodied  braunches  fhall 
not  lin  till  they  &c."  Lin  is  a  northern  word.  See  the  Gloff. 
to  The  Praife  of  York-Jhire  Jle,  12mo.  York,  J  697.  "  Never 
LIN,  fignifies  7iot  to  tire  or  give  over,"  p.  106".     Todd. 

XXX.  9. his  earthly  In.]     So  he 

calls  death,  "  the  common  In  of  reft,"  F.  Q.  ii.  i.  59. 

Todd. 


CANTO  III.         THE  FAERIE  QUEEXE.  S53 

XXXII. 

**  Behold  the  Man  !  and  tell  me,  Britomart, 
If  ay  more  goodly  creature  thou  didft  fee  ? 
How  like  a  gyaunt  in  each  manly  part 
Beares  he  himfelfe  with  portly  maieftee, 
That  one  of  th'  old  heroes  feemes  to  bee  ! 
He  the  fix  Iflands,  comprovinciall 
In  auncient  times  unto  great  Britainee, 
Shall  to  the  fame  reduce,  and  to  him  call 

Their  fondry  kings  to  do  their  homage  feverall. 

XXXIII. 

"  All  w^hich  his  fonne  Careticus  awhile 

Shall  well  defend,    and  Saxons  powre  fup- 

preffe ; 
Untill  a  ftraunger  king,  from  unknowne  foyle 


XXXII.  1.  Behold  &ZC.]  Tliefe  elegant  times  are  a  dinant 
copy  of  what  Anchiles  fays,  in  Virgil,  to  /Eneas,  when  he  fhows 
him  his  pofterity,  jEn.  vi.  It  might  be  objected  to  Spenfer, 
that,  Merlin  not  cauiing  the  pollerity  of  Bntomartis  to  appear 
before  her,  but  only  giving  her  an  account  of  them,  it  is  a 
little  violent  to  break  out  Behold  the  Man,  &c.  when  the  reader 
is  not  prepared  for  it  by  any  thing  that  went  before.     Jortin. 

Merlin  fpeaks  to  Britomartis,  as  MelilTa  fpoke  to  Brada- 
mante,  and  Anchifes  to  iEneas  :  The  man  is  fliown,  though 
abfent,  as  if  he  were  prefent.     Upton. 

XXXII.  6.  He  the  fix  IJlands,  &c.]  Viz.  Ireland,  Ifeland, 
Godland,  the  Orkneys,  Norway,  and  Dacia.  Geoffry  of  Mon- 
mouth, and  Robert  of  Gloucelter,  fay  that  he  was  the  handfomejl 
and  thejirongeji  prince  that  ever  reigned  in  Britain.    Church. 

XXXIII.  3.  Untill  a  Jtr  a  linger  king,]  Gormund,  king  of 
the  Africans  ;  who,  having  fubdued  Ireland  and  therein  fixt 
his  throne,  "  like  a  fwift  otter,/e//,  i.  e.  cruell,  through  empti- 
nefs,  /warn  over,  to  Britain  (with  many  one  of  his  Norveyfes, 
being  an  arch-pirate  and  captain  of  the  Norwegians,)  and 
aflifted   the   Saxoas   againft  Careticus."     The   Saxons,    thus 

VOL.  IV.  A  a 


So-i-  THE  FAERIE  QUEEXE.  BOOK  III. 

Arriving,  him  with  multltade  oppreffe ; 
Great  Gormond,  haviiio-  with  liLi2:e  ml«;hti- 

nelTe 
Ireland  fubdewd,  and  therein  fixt  his  throne, 
Like  a  Iwift  otter,  fell  through  eniptineffe, 
Shall  overiwim  the  fea  with  many  one 

It/ 

Of  his  Norveyfes,  to  aflilt  the  Ijritons  fone. 

XXXIV. 

"  He  in  his  furie  all  ftiall  over-ronne. 

And  holy  church  with  faitlilefle  handes  deface, 
That  thy  fad  people,  utterly  fordonne. 
Shall  to  the  utmoil  mountaines  fly  apace : 
A\as  never  lb  great  wafte  in  any  place. 
Nor  fo  fowle  outrage  doen  by  living  men ; 
For  all  thy  citties  they  fliall  i'acke  and  race. 
And  the  greene  grafie  that  groweth  they  fliall 
bren. 

That  even  the  wilde  beaft  fliall  dy  in  flarved  den. 

XXXV. 

"  Whiles  thus  thy  Britons  doe  in  languour  pine, 

afTifted  by  \hi?,Jl ranger  king,  committed  great  devaftations,  and 
forced  the  Britains  to  retire  into  Cornwal  and  Wales.  Geoff, 
of  INIonm.  B.  xi.  C.  8,  and  10.     Upton. 

XXXIII.  4.  Hughes's  fecond  edition  here  reads  multitudes^ 
which  I  fliould  fuppole  Spenfer  gave.     Church. 

XXXIV.  5.  Was  never  &c.]  A  fine  defcription  of  utter 
dcfolation.  Starred  den  is  vaftly  bold ;  yet  not  to  be  con- 
demned neither,  I  think.     Johtix. 

Jiift  before,  he  ufes  a  like  exprelTion,  dro-wfy  cave,  ft.  30. 
And,  in  the  Vifiuns  of  the  World's  Vanity,  he  ufes  dreadlefs  den, 
ft.  10.     Church. 

See,  however,  Mr.  Upton's  note,  F.  Q.  ii.  xi.  42.     Todd. 

XXXV.  ]. i\\y  Britons]     So  the  firft  edition 


CANTO   III.        THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  355 

Proud  Etbeldred  fliall  from  the  North  arife, 
Serving  th'  ambitious  uill  of  Auguftine, 
And,  paffnig  Dee,  with  hardy  enterprife 
Shall  backe  repulfe  the  valiaunt  Brockwell 

twife, 
And  Bangor  with  maffdcred  martyrs  fill ; 
But  the  third  time  ftiall  rew  his  fool-hardife : 
For  Cadwan,  pittying  his  peoples  ill, 
Shall  floutly  him  defeat,  and  thoufand  Saxons 

kill. 

XXXVI. 

"  But,  after  him,  Cadwallin  mightily 

On  his  fonne  Edwin  all  thofe  wrongs  {hall 
wreake ; 


emphatically  reads;  to  which  thofe  of  1751,  Upton,  and 
Church,  adhere.     The  reft  read,  "  the  Britons."     Todd. 

XXXV.  2.  Proud  Ethddred  &c.]  He  was  king  of  the  Nor- 
thumbrians.    Church. 

XXXV.  3. Jugtijline,]     He  was  fent 

over  by  Pope  Gregory  to  convert  the  Angles.     Church. 

XXXV.  5. Brockwell]     He  was  a 

very  confiderable  prince  in  that  part  of  Britain  called  Powys- 
land.     See  Wynne's  Hiji.  of  Wales,  p.  23.     Church. 

XXXV.  6.  And  Bangor  &c]  That  is,  Bangor  in  Flint- 
fliire ;  and  not  the  city  of  that  name  in  Caernarvonftiire. 
Fuller,  in  his  Church  Hijlory,  fays,  that  1200  unarmed  Monks 
were  there  maffacred.  Cent.  Vil.  B.  H.  p.  63.  See  alfo 
Selden's  note  on  Drayton's  Polyolb.  p.  186,  and  Milton's  HiJl. 
of  England,  p.  170.     Church. 

XXXV.  8.  Cadwan,]  King  of  Venedotia  or  North- 
Wales.     Church. 

XXXVI.  1. Cadwallin]    Son  of  Cadwan. 

Church. 

XXXVI.  2.     Ids  fonne  Edwin]     Edwin  was  the  Son  of 

Etheldred.    Church. 

A  a  2 


3d6  '  THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.     BOOK  III. 

Ne  lliall  availe  the  wicked  forcery 

Of  falie  Pellite  his  purpofes  to  breake, 

But  him  fhall  flay,  and  on  a  gallowes  bleak 

Shall  give  th'  enchaunter  his  unhappy  hire : 

Then  Ihall  the   Britons,    late   difm^yd  and 

weake. 

From  their  long  vaffallage  gin  to  refpire, 

And  on  their  Paynim  foes  avenge  their  ranckled 

ire. 

XXXVII. 

"  Ne  fhall  he  yet  his  wrath  fo  mitigate. 

Till  both  the  fonnes  of  Edwin  he  have  flayne, 
OfFricke  and  Ofricke,  twinnes  unfortunate, 
Both  flaine  in  battaile  uponLayburne  playne, 
Together  with  the  king  of  Louthiane, 
Ilight  Adin,  and  the  king  of  Orkeny, 
Both  ioynt  partakers  of  their  fatall  payne ; 
But  Penda,  fearefull  of  like  defteney, 

Shall  yield  himfelfe  his  liegeman,  and  fweare 


XXXVI.  3. thtuicked forcery 

Of  fa/ft  Pellite]  A  Ibothlayer  from  Spain, 
who  gave  Edwin  information  of  Cadwallin's  Defigns.  See 
GeofiVy  of  Monmouth.     Church. 

XXXVII.  7.     • thc'iv faf all pai/ne:]    That 

is,  The  fatal  end  of  Offriche  and  Ojricke  ;  as  JNIr.  Church  has 
obferved,  who  alfo  follows  this  reading  of  the  firft  edition,  to- 
gether with  the  edition  of  1751.  All  the  reft  read  "  the  fatall 
payne;"  which  Mr.  Upton  interprets,  t/ie  endeavour  that  proved 

fatal  to  them.     Todd. 

XXX VI I.  8. Penda,}     King  of  the  Mercians. 

Church. 


CANTO   III.       THE  FAERIE  QUEEXE.  357 

XXX  VI II. 

"  Ilim  fliall  lie  make  his  fatall  inftrument 
T'  afflift  the  other  Saxons  unfubdewd : 
He  marching  forth  with  fury  infolent 
Againft  the  good  king  Ofwald,  who  indewd 
With  heavenly  powre,  and  by  angels  refkewd, 
All  holding  croiles  in  their  hands  on  hye, 
Shall  him  defeate  withouten  blood  imbrewd  : 
Of  which  that  field  for  endlefie  memory 

Shall  Ilevenfield  be  cald  to  all  pofterity. 

XXXIX. 

*'  Whereat  Cadwallin  wroth  (hall  forth  iffew, 
And  an  huge  hofte  into  Northumber  lead, 
With  which  he  godly  Ofwald  iliall  fubdew, 
And  crowne   with   martiredome    his  facred 

head  : 
AVhofe   brother    Ofwin,  daunted   with    like 

dread, 
AVith  price  of  filver  fliall  his  kingdome  buy ; 
And  Penda,  feeking  him  adowne  to  tread. 
Shall  tread  adowne,  and  doe  him  foAA  ly  dye  ; 
But  iliall  with  gifts  his  lord  Cadwallin  pacify. 

XXXVIII.  4. Ofwald,]     King  of   the 

Northumbrians.     Church. 

XXXVIII.  9.  Shall  Heveiijield  be  cald  to  all  pojlerihf.]  See 
this  ftorv  hi  Geofl".  of  jNIonmouih,  B.  xii.  C.  10.  And  com- 
pare  Camden's  Bz/Vflw.  pp.  lOSl,  1083.     Upton. 

XXXIX.  7.     And  Pe?ida,Jtcking  liim  adou/ie  to  tread. 

Shall  tread  adowne,  and  doe  him  fouli/  dye  ;] 
The  conftrudion  is  :  "  And  Ofwin  Oiall  tread  adowne  Peandu, 
who  fought  to  tread  him  adowne,  and  put  him  to  afoul  death." 
See  Geolf.  of  INIonm.  B.  xii.  C.  13.     Upton. 

A  a  3 


35S  THE  FAEHIE  QUEEXE.  BOOK  III. 

XL. 

"  Then  fliall  Cadwallin  die  ;  and  then  the  raine 
Of  Britons  eke  uith  him  attonce  (hall  dye  ;  . 
Ne  ihall  the  good  Cadvvallader,  with  paine 
Or  powrc,  be  hable  it  to  remedy, 

.    AV'hen  the  full  time,  prefixt  by  deftiny, 
Shall  be  expird  of  Britons  regiment: 
For  Heven  itfelfe  Iball  their  Ihcceffe  envy, 
And  them  with  plagues  and  murrins  peftilent 

Confunie,    till   all  their  w^arhke  puiffaunce  be 
fpent. 

XLI. 

*'  Yet  after  all  thefe  forrowes,  and  huo-e  hills 
Of  dying  people,  during  eight  yeares  fpace, 
Cadwallader,  not  yielding  to  his  ills. 
From  Armoricke,   where  long  in  wretched 
.  ..    ;    cace 


XL.  1.  Then  Jhall  CadicalUn  die  i\  After  Cadwallin  reigned 
Cadwallader,  the  laft  of  the  Britifh  kings:  for  the  Saxons, 
liuving  fubdued  all  the  country  on  this  fide  the  Severn,  the 
Britilh  princes  were  called  kings  of  Wales:  for  the  Britons 
were  dei'cended  from  the  Gauls,  and  were  called  bv  their  old 
family  name;  G  only  changed  into  W.     Upton. 

XLI.  1.  F*'/ iScc]  Cadwallader  driven  to  forfake  this  land, 
efpecially  by  reafon  of  plague  and  famine,  tyrannifing  among 
his  fubjcct.s,  joyned  with  continual  irruptions  of  the  Englilh, 
rctyred  himi'elfc  into  little  Britaigne,  to  his  Cozen  Alan,  there 
King:  where,  in  a  dream,  he  was  admonifht  by  an  Angel  (I 
juftifie  it  but  by  the  Itory)  that  a  period  of  the  Britifli  empire 
was  now  come.  Selden's  Notes  to  Drayton's  Poli/olbion,  p.  14-6'. 
And  fee  W'ynne's  Hijt.  of  Wales,  p.  f).     Church. 

Ibid. and  /lugt  hills 

Of  dying  people,']     Geoft'ry  of  Motmiouth  fays,  *'  The 
living  were  not  fuflicient  to  bury  the  dead."     Church. 


CANTO  III.  THE  FAERIE  QUEEXE.  359 

He  liv'd,  retoiirning  to  his  native  place, 
Shal  be  by  vilion  (laide  from  his  intent : 
Por  th'  Heavens  have  decreed  to  difplace 
The  Britons  for  their  hnnes  dewpiinifliment, 

And  to  the  Saxons  over-give  their  government. 

XLII. 

"  Then  woe,  and  woe,  and  everlafting  woe, 
Be  to  the  Briton  babe  that  Ihal  be  borne 
To  hve  in  thraldome  of  liis  fathers  foe  ! 
Late  king,  now  captive ;  late  lord,  now  for- 

lorne ; 
The  worlds  reproch;  the  cruell  viftors  fcorne ; 
Banifht  from  princely  bowre  to  wafteful  wood  ! 
O !  who  lliall  helpe  me  to  lament  and  mourne 
The  royall  feed,  the  antique  Trojan  blood, 

AVhofe  empire  lenger  here  then  ever  any  flood  !'* 

XLIII. 

The  Damzell  was  full  deepe  empaflioned 


XLII.  1.  T/ien  woe,  ajid  woe,  mid  everlajii/ig  woe,]  The 
poet  has  here  thought  proper  (but  he  deferves  repreheufion,  I 
think,  in  this  inftance)  to  adopt  the  huiguage  of  Scripture  : 
"  And  I  beheld,  and  heard  an  angel,  flying  through  the  midll 
of  heaven,  faying  with  a  loud  voice,  JFue,  woe,  uoc,  to  the  iu- 
habiters  of  the  earth,  &c/'  Rev.  viii.  13.     Tobd. 

XLII.  9.  IPliofe  empire  &c.]  As  Cadwallader  is  fuppofed 
to  have  died  about  the  year  of  our  Lord  69O,  and  Brute  to 
have  come  into  this  Ifland  1132  years  before  Chrilt,  (according 
to  Robert  of  Gloucefter,)  the  ancient  kingdom  of  the  Britains, 
for  the  fpace,  at  leaft,  of  1800  years,  may  be  juftly  reckoned  to 
have  exceeded  in  duration  all  other  kingdoms  of  the  world. 
See  Borlafe,  &c.  p.  372.     Church. 

XLIII.  1.  The  Damzell  uas  full  deepe  empaffioned  &c.] 
This  is  natural  and  poetical.     Jortin. 

A  a  4j 


360  THE  FAERIE  QUEENTE.  BOOK  TIL, 

Both  for  his  gricfe,  and  tor  her  peoples  iiikc, 
AMiole  tutu  re  woes  fo  plauie  he  fadiionec]  ; 
And,  fighing  fore,   at  length  him  thus  be- 

f]iake  ; 
"  x4h  !   but  will  Hevens  fury  never  flake, 
Nor  vengtaunce  huge  relent  itlelfe  at  laft  ? 
A\  ill  not  long  miiery  late  mercy  make, 
But  fliall  their  name  for  ever  be  defatle, 
And  quite  from  off  the  earth  their  memory  be 
rafte  ?" 

XLIV. 

"  Nay  but  the  terme,"  fayd  he,  **  is  limited, 
That  in  this  thraldome  Britons  fliall  abide  ; 
And  the  iuft  revolution  meafured 
That  they  as  ftraungers  llial  be  notifide : 
Por   twife    fowre   hundreth  yeares    dial    be 

fupplide, 
Ere  they  to  former  rule  reftor'd  flial  bee, 

So  Milton,  Par.  J,.  B.  xi.  754-. 

*'   How  didft  thou  grieve  then,  Adam,  to  behold 
"  The  end  of  all  thy  oilspring,  &c."     Church. 

XLIV.  5.  For  tuife  fowre  hindreth  yeares Jlial  be  fupplide,] 
So  the  (irft  edition  reads;  which  Hughes's  fecond  edition,  and 
thole  of  1751,  of  Church,  Upton,  and  Tonfon's  in  17J8,  follow, 
except  that  Hughes,  Upton,  and  Tonfon's  editor  have  mo- 
dernifed  hundreth  into  hundred.  The  reft  omit  yeares;  and 
fome  infert /«//  to  complete  the  verfe :  "  For  twife  fowre  hun- 
.dreth  lliall  hej'ull  fupplide."     Todd. 

XLIV.  6.  Ere  they  &c.]  As  Cadwallader  is  fuppofed  to 
have  died  about  the  year  6gO,  this  part  of  Merlin's  prophecy 
plainly  points  at  Henry  VH.  who  began  his  reign  in  1485. 

Church. 

(ieoftW  of  Monmouth  mentions  this  very  prophecy  of  Mer» 
lin,  in  B.  xii.  C.  17-     Upton, 


CANTO  III.    THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  36l 

And  their  importune  fates  all  fatisfide : 
Yet,  during  this  their  moft  obfcuritee, 
Their  beames  fliall  otte  breake  forth,  that  men 
tliem  faire  may  fee. 

XLV. 

"  For  Rhodoricke,  whofe  furname  flial  be  Great, 
Shall  of  himfelfe  a  brave  enfample  fliew, 
That  Saxon  kings  his  friendfliip  fliall  intreat; 
And  Howell  Dha  lliall  goodly  well  indew 
The  falva^e  minds  with  (kill  of  iuft  and  trew : 
Then  Griffyth  Conan  alfo  fliall  upreare 
His  dreaded  head,  and  the  old  fparkes  renew- 


XLIV.  8. their  moft  obfcuritee.']     Their  greatejl 

cbicurity.     See  alio  F.  Q.  i.  ii.  9-     Todd. 

XLV.  i.     • Rhodoricke,]     Roderic  the  Great  Succeeded 

his  father  Merfyn  Frych,  in  the  Principality  of  Wales,   about 
the  year  of  our  Lord  843.     See  Wynne's  Htji.  of  Wales,  p.  27. 

Church. 

XLV.  4-.     Howell  Dha]     Hoxjcel  Dha  had  been,  for  a 

confiderable  time,  Prince  of  South-Wales  and  Powis  ;  in  which 
Government  he  had  fo  juftly  and  difcreetly  behaved  himfelf, 
that  upon  the  death  of  Edwal  Foel  he  was  worthily  preferred 
to  the  Principality  of  Wales  :  notwithftanding  that  Edwal  had 
left  behind  him  feveral  fons,  who  at  firft  feemed  to  murmur  at, 
and  relent,  the  Election  of  Howel  Dha.  The  firll  thing  he 
took  care  of,  was  to  enaifl  good  and  wholfome  Laws  for  the 
benefit  of  his  country.  He  died,  after  a  long  and  peaceable 
reign,  in  tlie  year  of  our  Lord  94-8.  See  Wynne's  Hft.  of 
Wales,  pages  49  and  53.     Church. 

XLV.  6.     Grijfijth  Conan]     He  died  in  the  year  of  our 

Lord  11  Sb"  (after  he  had  reigned  fifty-feven  years, )  to  the  great 
grief  and  diicontent  of  all  his  fubjeds,  as  being  a  Prince  of  in- 
comparable Qualities,  and  one  who,  after  divers  victories  ob- 
tained over  the  Englifli,  had  thoroughly  purged  North-Wales 
of  all  ftrangers  and  foreigners.  Wynne's  IHjl.  of  Wales, 
p.  159.     Church. 


362  THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  BOOK  III. 

Of  native  corage,  that  his  foes  fliall  feare 
Lead  back  againe  the  kingdom  he  from  them 
lliould  beare. 

XLM. 

"  Ne  fhall  the  Saxons  felves  all  peaceably 
Enioy  the  cro\\  ne,  which  they  from  Britons 

wonne 
Firft  ill,  and  after  ruled  wickedly  : 
For,  ere  two  hundred  yeares  be  full  outronne, 
There  fliall  a  Raven,  tar  from  rifnig  funne, 
With  his  wide  wings  upon  them  fiercely  fly, 
x\nd  bid  his  faithlelle  chickens  overronne 
The  fruitfuU  plaines,  and  with  fell  cruelty 

In  their  avenge  tread  downe  the  vi6lors  fur- 

quedry. 

XLVII. 

*'  Yet  fhall  a  Third  both  thefe  and  thine  fubdew: 

■  XLV.  9. jJiould  beare.]     Quaere,  tcare,  tear 

awav.     And  yet  he  ufes  beare  in  the  fame  manner,   F.  Q.  vii. 

\i.  i. 

"  and  th'  empire  fought  from  them  to  beare." 

Church. 

XLVI.  4.  For,  ere  &c.]  That  is,  Before  two  of  the  800 
years,  from  the  death  of  Cadwallader,  Ihall  be  expired. 

Chukch. 

XLM.  5.  There JJiall  a  Raven,  &c.]  This  manner  of  cha- 
raderifing  countries  by  their  enfigns,  is  agreeable  to  the  pro- 
phetical ftyle.  'Tis  likewife  the  flyle  in  which  Merlin's  pro- 
phecies were  written,  according  to  Geofl'ry  of  Monmouth,  B. 
vii.  C.  3.  The  Danes  firft  arrived  in  England  in  the  year  787, 
and  infefted  this  natic^n  till  the  times  of  Harold,  who  was  con- 
quered by  ^Villiarn  of  Normandy,  77/e  Li/on  of  Neujlria. — The 
Dani/Ice  tyrant.  Sir  William  Temple  calls,  "  A  known  ufurper, 
cruel  in  his  nature,  of  Daniih  extradion,  and  thereby  ungrate- 
ful to  the  Eiiglifii."     Unox. 


CANTO  III.  THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  o63 

There  fliall  a  Lion  from  the  fea-bord  wood 
Of  Neuftria  come  roring,  with  a  crew 
Of  hungry  whelpes,  his  battailous  bold  brood, 
^Vhofe  clawes   were    newly    dipt  in  cruddy 

blood, 
That  from  the  Danifke  Tyrants  head  iluiU 

rend 
Th'  ufurped  crowne,  as  if  that  he  were  wood, 
And  the  fpoile  of  the  countrey  conquered 
Emongft  his  young  ones  fhall  divide  with  boun- 
ty bed. 

XLVIII, 
"  Tho,  when  the  terme  is  full  accomphiliid, 
There  lliall  a  fparke  of  fire,  which  hath  long- 
while 
Bene  in  his  afhes  raked  up  and  hid. 
Bee  freftily  kindled  in  the  fruitfull  He 
Of  Mona,  where  it  lurked  in  exile  ; 
Which  fliall  breake  forth  into  bright  burning 

flame, 
And  reach  into  the  houfe  that  beares  the  flile 


XLVII.  C.     the  fea-bord  wood]     The  fea-bordcritig 

wood.     See  alio  F.  Q.  iii.  iv,  13.     Church. 

XLVIII.  2.  There Jhall  Ike.]  Llewellyu  ap  Gryffydb,  the 
laft  Brifijh  prince,  made  leveral  great  but  uufuccefsful  attempts 
to  throw  off  the  E/iglijh  yoke.  At  laft  he  was  obliged  to  make 
a  treaty  with  Edward  I-  in  the  year  of  our  Lord  1278,  by  which 
he  was  to  give  up  the  reft  of  Wales,  and  retain  Mona,  i.  e.  the 
Ifle  of  Anglefey.  He  was  afterwards  flain  in  battle  in  the  year 
1283.  Soon  after  which,  Edward,  having  a  fon  born  at  Caer- 
narvon, created  him  Prince  of  Wales.     Church. 


SS-i  THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.     BOOK  lU. 


Of  royall  maiefty  and  foveraine  name  : 

So  fluill  the  Briton  blood  their  crowne  againe 

reclame. 

XLIX. 

"  Thenceforth  eternall  union  fliall  be  made 
Betweene  the  nations  different  afore, 
And  facred  Peace  fliall  lovingly  perfuade 
The  Marlike  minds  to  learne  her  goodly  lore. 
And  civile  amies  to  exercife  no  more : 
Then  fliall  a  Royall  Virgin  raine,  which  fhall 
Stretch  her  white  rod  over  the  Belgicke  fhore. 
And  the  great  Caftle  fmite  fo  fore  withall. 

That  it  fhall  make  him  fliake,  and  fhortly  learn 

to  fall : 

L. 
*'  But  yet  the  end  is  not" — There  Merlin  ftayd. 


XLVIII.  9,  So  Jliall  the  Briton  blood  their  croune  againe 
reclame.']  By  the  acceiTion  of  Henry  of  Richmond  to  the 
crown,  the  prophecy  of  ISIerlin  and  of  Cadwallader  came  to  be 
fulfilled,  that  the  Briton  blood  fliould  reign  again  in  Britain. 
Henry,  defcended  from  the  Tudors,  was  born  in  Mona,  now 
called  Anglefey.     See  Drayton's  Po/j/o/^.  p.  1-il.     Upton. 

XLIX.  J.  And  civile  amies  &c.]  And  to  put  an  end  to  the 
long  difputes  between  the  Englilh  and  Welch.    Church. 

XLIX.  6".  Then  Jhall  a  Royall  Virgin  raine,  &c.]  ^  Who 
knows  not,  that  Queen  Elizabeth  gave  peace  to  the  Nether- 
lands, and  ihook  the  caftles  of  the  Caftilian  king  ?     Upton. 

L.  ] .  But  yet  the  end  is  not — There  Merlin  Jlayd,]  This 
abrupt  difcourfe  is  not  unlike  that  of  the  Sibyl,  "  Talia  fata, 
conticuit."  Virg.  JEn.  vi.  54.    And  fo  likewife  the  efied : 

"  gelidus  Teucris  per  dira  cucurrit 

*'  Ofla  tremor." 
The  clofe  of  this  ftanza  feems  likewife  imitated  from  Virgil  : 
"  Ut  primum  celht  furor,  et  rapida  ora  quierunt." 

Uptov. 


CANTO  III.         THE  FAEllIE  QUEENE*  SG.j 

As  overcomen  of  the  fpirites  powre, 
Or  other  ghaftly  fpeftacle  difmayd, 
That  fecretly  he  faw,  yet  note  cUicoure  : 
Which  fuddein  fitt  and  halfe  extatick  ftoure 
When  the   two  fearefull   wemen  faw,   they 


2:rew 


Greatly  confafed  in  behaveoiire  : 
At  laft,  the  fury  paft,  to  former  hew 
Hee  turnd  againe,  and  chearfull  looks  as  earft 
did  ihew\ 

LI. 
Then,  when  themfelves  they  well  inftruSled  had 
Of  all  that  needed  them  to  be  inquird, 
They    both,    conceiving    hope    of  comfort 

glad, 
AVith  lighter  hearts  unto  their  home  retird  ; 
Where  they  in  fecret  counfell  clofe  confpird, 
How  to  effe<5i:  fo  hard  an  enterprize. 
And  to  poflfeffe  the  purpofe  they  defird : 

Ibid. ■  There  Merlin  Jiayd^  Sic]     See  Mr. 

Warton's  note  on  F.  Q.  v.  x.  29.     Todd. 

L.  3. difmayd,]     See  the  note  on  difmayd, 

F.  Q.  ii.  xi.  11.     Church. 

L.  5.  Hee  turnd  againe,  and  chearfull  looks  as  earft  &c.] 
Hee  is  corrected  from  the  Errata,  fubjoined  to  Spenler's  firft 
edition,  by  Hughes  in  his  fecond  edition,  and  by  the  editions  of 
1751,  of  Upton,  Church,  and  Tonfon's  in  1758.  All  the  reft; 
inaccurately  read  Shee.  In  Spenfer's  own  editions,  the  words 
as  earjl  are  wanting  in  this  line ;  no  doubt,  as  IMr.  Church  ob- 
ferves,  through  the  careleffnefs  of  the  printer.  They  are  firft 
found  in  the  folio  of  1609,  and  have  been  admitted  into  every 
fubfequent  edition.    Todd. 


366  THE  FAERIE  QUEEXE.  BOOK   III. 

Now  this,  now  that,  twixt  them  they   did 
devize, 
And  diverfe  plots  did  frame  to  mafke  in  ftrange 

dilguife. 

LII. 
x\t  laft  the  nourfe  in  her  fool-hardy  wit 

ConceivM  a  bold  devife,  and  thus  befpake ; 
"  Daughter,  I  deeme  thatcounfel  aye  moft  fit, 
That  of  the  time  doth  dew  advauntage  take : 
Ye  fee  that  good  king  Uther  now  doth  make 
Strong   warre   upon   the   Paynim   brethren, 

hight 
06la  and  Oza,  whome  hee  lately  brake 

LT.  9. fo  mafke  in  Jlrange  difguife.]      Milton 

feems  to  have  had  this  pallUge  in  his  remembrance,    when  he 
penned  the  following  line  in  his  Ode  on  the  Paffion,  ft.  3. 

"  O,  what  a  niafk  was  there,  what  a  difguife  !" 
Difguife,  I  Ihould  obferve,  is  here  the  reading  of  Spenfer's  firfb 
edition  ;  which  is  rightly  followed  by  thofe  of  1751,  of  Upton, 
Church,  and  Tonfon's  in  1758.     The  reft  conform  to  the  prin- 
ter's errour  in  the  fecond  edition,  "  ftrange  device."     Todd. 

LII.  5.  Ye  fee  that  good  king  Uthcr  now  doth  make  (kc] 
This  pafiage  is  very  material  to  fix  the  hiltorical  point  of  time 
when  thefe  tranfaclions  are  fuppofed  to  be  carrying  on.  For 
this  poem  has  feveral  walks,  all  leading  to  the  ways  of  pleafing 
amufement  and  inftruAion  :  and  one  of  thefe  walks  (to  give 
the  poem  an  air  of  truth)  is  hiftory.  The  point  of  time,  which 
the  poet  fixes  on,  is  when  Uther  Pendragon,  king  of  Britain, 
was  attacked  by  Oda  the  fon  of  Hengift,  and  his  kinfman  Eofa: 
So  the  names  are  written  by  Geofl'ry  of  Monmouth,  B.  viii. 
C.  IS.  And  in  C.  23.  he  mentions  Oda  and  Eofa  being  killed 
at  Verolam :  (/.  e.  an  ancient  town  now  5^.  Allan's  in  Herf- 
fordfhire,  deftroyed  by  the  Saxons:)  Other  Englifh  hiftorians 
too  mention  Arthur's  firft  appearance  about  the  year  470, 
when  Hengift  was  alTifted  by  Oda  his  brother,  and  by  Ebufa  (fo 
they  likewife  write  his  name)  his  brother's  fon,  fettled  in  the 
North  of  Britain.     Upton. 


CANTO  III.  THE  FAERIE  QUEEXE'  367 

Befide  Cayr  Verolame  in  viftorious  fight, 
That   now  all   Britany   doth   burne  in  annes 
bright. 

Liir. 

"  That  therefore  nought  our  pafTage  may  em- 
peach, 
Let  us  in  feigned  amies  ourfelves  difguize, 
And   our  weake   hands   (Need  makes  good 

fchollers)  teach 
The  dreadful  fpeare  and  iliield  to  exercize  : 
Ne  certes,  daughter,  that  fame  warlike  wize, 
I  weene,  would  you  mifleeme ;  for  ye  beene  tall 
And  large  of  limbe  t'  atchieve  an  hard  em- 
prize  ; 
Ne  ought  ye  want  but  fkil,  which  pra6lize 
fmall 
Will  bring,   and  lliortly    make  you    a  Mayd 
martialL 


LIII.  1. empeach,]     So  Spenfer's  own 

editions  read,  thus  diftinguiiliing  empcach,  to  liinder,  from  im. 
peach,  to  acciife.  Mr.  Church,  Mr.  Upton,  and  Tonlbn's  edi- 
tion of  1758,  follow  the  poet.  The  reft  read,  impeach.  See 
alfo  the  note  on  F.  Q,  i.  viii.  34.     Todd. 

LIII.  3. {Xeed  makes  good  fchollers)  teach] 

So  the  firlt  edition,  and  the  edition  of  1751,  read.  The  fecond 
edition,  the  folios,  and  Hughes,  read,  "  whom  need  new  Jlreiigth 
Jhall  teach."  But  I  prefer  the  reading  given.  The  alteration 
is  fo  much  for  the  worfe,  that  I  dare  be  confident  it  is  not 
Spenfer's.     Church. 

I  have  preferred  the  old  reading.     Need  7nakes  good  fcholars, 
is  proverbial.     See  Erafmi  Adagia,  Necejjitas  magijtra. 

Upton. 

Tonfon's  edition  of  175S  follows  the  fecond  reading.    Todd, 


36s  THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  BOOK  III. 

LIV. 

"  And,  footh,  it  ought  your  corage  much  in- 
flame 
To  heare  fo  often,  in  that  rovall  hous, 

.  From  whence  to  none  inferior  ye  came, 
Bards  tell  of  many  wemen  valorous, 
Which  have  full  many  feats  adventurous 

;  Performd,  in  paragone  of  proudeft  men  : 
The  bold  Bunduca,  whofe  victorious 
Exployts  made  Rome  to  quake ;  ftout  Guen- 
dolen ; 

Benowmed  ]Martia ;  and  redoubted  Emmilen ; 


LIV.  4.  Bards  tell  of  many  women  valorous  &c.]  Glauce, 
with  the  greateft  propriety  is  here  made  to  allude  to  the  bards, 
whofe  bufinefs  it  was  (fee  Leland  De  Script.  Brit.  C.  2.)  to  fing 
to  the  harp  the  warlike  achievements  of  their  countrymen  ; 
and  who  tlouriftied  in  high  perfeftion,  at  the  time  in  which  our 
author  has  fuppofed  the  events  of  the  Faerie  Queenc  to  have 
happened.  They  are  introduced,  with  no  lefs  confiftency, 
playing  upon  their  harps,  in  the  hall  of  the  Hoiife  of  Pride, 
F.  Q.  i.  V.  3.  The  bards  were  ufually  employed  upon  fuch 
publick  occafions,  in  hall  or  boxver,  as  jNIilton  fings. 

T.  Wartox. 

LIV.  7.     Bunduca,]     The  fame  as  Bonduca  and 

Boadicea.  See  F.  Q.  ii.  x.  O'i.  See  alfo  The  Ruines  of  Time, 
i\.  l6.     Church. 

LIV.  8. Guendolen  ;]     Guendokn 

was  the  daughter  of  Corineus,  king  of  Cornwall.  See  I*".  Q.  ii. 
X.  17.     Upton. 

LIV.  9.     Martia ;]     Dame  Martia  the  fayre,  F.  Q. 

ii.  X.  42.     Upton. 

Ibid. redoubted  Emmilen ;]      Who   is 

this  redoubted  Emmilen  f  Is  it  tlie  fame  name  as  Emma  f  and 
does  he  mean  the  famous  daughter  of  Charlemagne .?  or 
rather  the  mother  of  Sir  Triftram,  mentioned  in  F.  Q.  vi.  ii.  29. 

Upton. 


tANTO  in.  THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  3^9 

LV. 

"  And,  that  which  more  then  all  the  reft  may 
fway, 
Late  dajes  enfample,  which  thefe  eies  heheld : 
In  the  laft  field  hefore  Menevia, 
Which  Uther  with  thoi'e  forrein  Pagans  held, 
I  law  a  Saxon  viroin,  the  which  leld 
Great  Ulfin  thrife  upon  the  bloody  playne  ; 
And,  had  not  Carados  her  hand  withheld 
From  radi  revenge,  ilie  had  him  Ihrely  ilayne  ; 

Yet  Carados   himlelfe    from   her    elbapt    with 

payne." 

LVI. 
"  Ah  !   read,"  quoth  Britomart,  "  how  is  flie 

hight  r 

''  Fayre  Angela,"  quoth  (lie,  "  men  do  her 

call, 
No  whit  leffe  fayre  then  terrible  in  fight : 
She  hath  the  leading  of  a  martiall 
And  mightie  people,  dreaded  more  then  all 

LV.  3.  In  the  lajl  Jield  before  INIenevia,]  That  is,  In  the 
laft  battle  before  St.  Davids,  in  the  old  Britilh  Hencmeneu-, 
from  which  word  the  Latins  called  it  Menevia.  See  Geoft'ry  of 
Monmouth.     Uptox. 

LV.  6.  Great  Ulfin  iVc]  Sir  U[fius,  the  friend  of  Uther 
Pendragon.  See  Hift.  K.  Jrt/iur/B.  i.  C.  1,  2,  &c.  The 
fame  hiftory  informs  us  who  Carados,  (in  the  next  line,)  was. 

Upton. 

LVL  2.  Fai/re  Angela,]  This  Saxon  virgin  is,  I  believe, 
entirely  of  Spenfer's  own  feigning :  He  intended  perhaps  to 
make  her  no  mean  adrefs  in  his  heroick  poem,  which  he 
thought  fome  time  or  other  to  finilh,  and  which  he  hint$^a.t, 
F.  Q.  i.  ii.  7.     Upton. 

VOL.  IV,  B  b 


370  THE  FAEUIE  QUEENE.  BOOK  111* 

The  other  Saxons,  which  doe,  for  her  fake 

And  love,  themfelves  of  her  name  Angles  call. 

Therefore,  faire  Infant,  her  enfample  make 

Unto  ihjfclfe,  and  equall  corage  to  thee  take.'** 

LVH. 

Her  harty  wordes  fo  deepe  into  the  mynd 

Of  the  young    Damzcil    Ibnke,   that    great 

delire 
Of  warlike  amies  in  her  forthwith  they  tynd, 
And  generous  ftout  courage  did  iufpyre, 
That  (lie  refoiv'd,  unweeting  to  her  fyre, 
Advent'rous  kniahthood  on  herfelfe  to  don  ; 
And  counfeld   with   her    nourfe  her  maides 

attvre 
To  turne  into  a  maffy  habergeon ; 
And  bad  her  all  things  put  in  readinefs  anon. 

LVIII. 
Th'  old  woman  nought  that  needed  did  omit ; 
But  all  thinges  did  conveniently  purvay. 
It  fortuned  {{o  time  their  turne  did  fitt) 
A  band  of  Britons,  ryding  on  forray 

LVIL  1-  Her  harty  wordes]  Inftead  of  harti/  I  would  read 
hardy  ;  and  only  vamt  the  authority  of  the  books  To  to  print. 

Upton. 

I  would  by  no  means  change  harfy,  which,  in  my  opinion,  is 
highly  proper  here ;  as  it  means  zealous,  empajioned,  encoiiragmg. 
Read  the  clofe  of  the  preceding  ftanza,  and  indeed  the  whole 
of  the  nurfe's  fpeech.     Todd. 

UVil.  7.     • : her  tiialdcs  attyrc 

Tu  turne  &:c.]     That   is,   to  change  her  maiden 
drefs  for  a  fuit  of  armour.     Cii  uiicir. 

LVIII.  4. forray]     Foraging  or  pillaging, 

from  the  xexh forray.     See  the  note,  V.  Q.  vi.  xi.  40.     Todd. 


CAN*TO  til.         THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  S71 

Fe\y  dayes  before,  had  gotten  a  great  pray 

Of  Saxon   goods ;  emongft  the    which  was 

feene 

A  goodly  armour,  and  full  rich  aray, 

Which  long\l  to  Angela,  the  Saxon  queene, 

All  fretted  round  with   gold  and  goodly  wel 

'  befeene. 

LIX. 

The  fame,  with  all  the  other  ornaments, 
King  Ryence  caufed  to  be  hanged  hy 
In  his  chiefe  church,  for  endlelTe  moniments 
Of  his  fuccefle  and  gladfull  vi6lory  : 
Of  which  herfelfe  avifmg  readily, 
In  th'  evening  late  old  Glauc^  thether  led 
Faire  Britomart,  and,  that  fame  armory 
Downe  taking,  her  therein  appareled 

Well  as  {he  might,  and  with   brave  bauldrick 

garniihed. 

LX. 

Befide  thofe  armes  there  ftood  a  mightie  fpeare. 

Which  Bladud  made  by  magick  art  of  yore. 

And  ufd  the  fame  in  batteill  aye  to  beare; 

Sith  which  it  had  beene   here  preferv'd  in 

ftore, 

For  his  great  virtues  proved  long  afore  : 

For  never  wight  fo  fail  in  fell  could  fit, 


LX.  2.     Which  Bladud  made,]     See  the  notes  on   Bladud, 
F.  Q.  ii.  X.  25,  and  on  the /pear,  F,  Q.  iii.  i.  7.     Upton, 

B  b  2 


57'i  THE    FAERIE    QUEEXE.  BOOK  til. 

But  him  perforce  unto  the  ground  it  bore : 
Both  fpeare  llie  tooke  and  fhield  uhich  hon<r 
by  it; 
Both  fpeare  and  iliield  of  great  powre,  for  her 
purpofe  fit. 

LXI. 
Thus  when  flie  had  the  Virgin  all  arayd. 
Another  harnefle  which  did  hang  thereby 
About    herfelfe  fhe   dight,    that    the  yong 
Mayd 
..  ,^She  might  in  equall  armes  accompany. 
And  as  her  Squyre  attend  her  carefullj^  : 
Tho  to  their  ready  fteedes  they  clombe  full 

light ; 
And  through  back  waies,  that  none  might 

them  efpy, 
Covered  with  fecret  cloud  of  filent  night, 
Themfelves  they  forth  convaid,  and  palled  for- 
ward right. 

LXir. 
Ne  refted  they,  till  that  to  Faery  Lend 
They  came,  as  Merlin  them  directed  late  : 
AVhere,  meeting  with  this  Redcrolle  Knight, 
fhe  fond 

LXI.  2.  Another  harnefle]  Suit  of  armour.  So,  in  Fair- 
fax's Taflb,  the  archuugel  Michael  is  armed  "  in  h a r ncjj'e  iivong 
of  never-yeelfiing  diamonds,"  B.  ix,  58.  Chaucer  has  ufed  it, 
Kn.  T.  1615,  edit,  'i'yrwhitt. 

—  "  I  wol  be  founden  as  a  knight, 
"  And  bringen  harncis  ynough  for  thee." 
01(1.  Fr.  harnois.    See  Cotgrave,  in  v.  Ilanivis.     To  dp. 


CANTO   Iir.         THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  373 

Of  diverfe  thinges  difcourles  to  dilate. 

But  moft  of  Arthcgall  and  his  eftate. 

At  lafl  their  wayes  fo  fell,  that  they  mote 

part : 
Then  each  to  other,  well  affe6lionate, 
Frendfhip  profelTed  with  unfained  hart : 
The  Redcroffe  Knight  diverft ;  but  forth  rode 

Britomart. 

LXII.  4. to  dilate,]     Shakfjieare  ufes 

this  word  in  Othello,  A.  i.  S.  iii. 

"  That  I  would  all  my  pilgrimage  dilate:" 
That  is,  enlarge  upop,  relate  at  large.      Upton. 

LXll.  9.  TJte  liedcrqU'c  Knight  (liierjl ;]  We  hear  no  more 
of  St.  George  in  the  remaining  Books,  only  mentioned  by  the 
bye  in  F.  Q.  \.  iii.  53.  The  poet's  defign  I'eems  plainly  to  bring 
all  the  various  Knights  together,  before  the  poem  concluded, 
at  the  Court  of  the  Fairy  Queen.     Upton. 

Ibid. diverft;]      Turned  ajide  out  of 

tUe  road,  as  Mr.  Church  has  explained  by  F.  Q.  vi.  viii.  30. 
*'  So  humbly  taking  leave,  Ihe  tiirn'd  ajide :  But  Arthur  with 
the  reft  went  onward  kc."  Dixeijt  is  the  fame  as  diverted, 
from  the  Lat.  diverto,  to  turn  afide.  See  alfo  Cotgrave's  Fr, 
Didl.  V.  "  To  diuert,  divcrtir,  dejiourner."  In  this  i'enfe  it  may 
be  often  found  among  our  old  poets.  Thus,  in  Niccols's 
Cudcoxv,  1607  I  The  heavens  are  defcribed  "  looking  always 
blithe  on  the  bower  of  blifle,  and 

^ — ■- ■■ —  ''  diuerting  froward  fate, 

"  Not  fuffering  ycie  froft,  or  fcorching  funne, 
*'  To  vex  th'  inhabitants — " 
Many  examples  might  be  added.     It  occurs  exadtly  in  the  fenfe 
before  us,  in  Ray's  Travels :  "  We  rode  along  the  fea-coaft  to 
Oftend,  diverting  at  Nieuport,  to  refrelh  ourfelves,  kc."     That 
is,  turning  afide  out  of  the  high  road.     Todd. 


B  b3 


374  THE   FAERIE  QUEENE.  BOOK   III. 


CANTO     IV. 

Bold  Marinell  of  Britomart 
Is  thrownt  on  the  Rich  Strond : 

Faire  FlorimeU  of  Arthur  is 
Long  followed,  but  not  fond. 

I. 
WHERE  is  the  antique  glory  now  become. 
That  whylome  wont  in  wemen  to  appeare  ? 

I.  1.      Where  is  (he  antique  glory,  now  become, 

That  uhij/o?ne  "jcuitt  in  xiemen  to  appeare?  &c.]   This 

introdudion  m  prail'e  of  women,   feems  to   be  enlarged  frona 

that  of  Ariofto,  C.  xx.  1. 

"  La  donne  antiche  hanno  mirabil  cofe, 

"  I'atto  ne  1'  ainie,  e  ne  le  facre  mufe, 

"  E  di  lor  opre  belle  e  gloriofe 

"  Gran  lume  in  tutto  il  mondo  fi  diffufe. 

''  Arpalice  e  Camilla  fon  famofe, 

"   Pcrcho  in  batlaglia  erano  efperte  ed  ufe,  &c." 

In  F.  Q.  iii.  ii.  1.  he  had  touched  upon  the  fame  argument: 
*'  Here  have  I  caufe  in  men  juft  blame  to  find, 
"  That  in  their  proper  praife  too  partiall  bee, 
"  And  not  indifl'erent  to  womankind, 
"  To  whom  no  <hare  in  amies  and  chevalree 
"  They  doe  impart,  ne  maken  memoree 
"  Of  their  brave  geftes,  and  prowefl'e  martiall : 
"  Scarce  do  they  fpare  to  one,  or  two,  or  three, 
"  Rownie  in  their  wrlttes  ;  yet  the  fame  writing  fmall 
"  Does  all  their  deeds  deface,  and  dims  their  glories  all." 

Where  he  feems  to  copy  the  clofe  of  the  above  introduction  of 

Ariofto,  ft.  C. 

"   E  forfe  afcofi  han  lor  debiti  onori 

"  L'  invidia,  o  il  non  faper  degli  fcrittori."     T.  Warton. 
Juft  before  the  publication  of  the  Faerie  Queene,  an  Italian 

book  had  appeared,  warmly  and  ably  written  in  defence  of  the 


-CANTO  IV.         THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  3JS 

Where  be  the  brave  atchievements  doen  by 

fome  ? 
AVhere  be  the  batteilles,  where  the  fliield  and 

fpeare, 
And  all  the  conquefts  which  them  high  did 

reare, 

ladies.     It  is  entitled  "  DeW  EcccUenza  della  Donna,  Difcojfo 
di  Hercole  Filogenio,  a  Fermo,   I089."     Svo.     The  fubje^l  is 
likely  to  have  interefted  Spenfer.     It  divides  itfelf  into   two 
conclufions  :  ^'  Prima,  Che  la  Donna  per  molti  rifpetti,  e  prin- 
cipalmente  per  V  acutezza  dell'  Jntelletto  e  fiiperiore,  t'v  e  piu 
eccellente   dell'   liuomo.     Seconda,   Che  la    Donna    (quaudo 
quefto  i  proterui  conceder  non  voleflero)   non  e  iuferiore,  ne 
ineno  eccellente  dell'  liuomo."     Under  the  examples  "  deUa 
fortczza"   the   author   enumerates,   as  Spenfer  has  dune.  Pen- 
thejilca,  and  Camilla,    as  well   as   many  others.     The   ladies 
therefore  are  not  indebted  folely  to  the  romance-writers  for 
the  vindication  of  their  glory.    They  had  indeed  been  defended 
alfo  by  H.  C.  Agrippa,  whofe  work  was  tranflated  into  Englifl^ 
more  than  a  century  after  it  appeared^  and   entitled  "  Femah 
Pre-eminence,  or  The  Digniti/  mid  Excellency  of  that  Stx  above 
the  Male,  by  H.  Care,  lb'70."    12mo.     In  the  fame  year,  in 
which  this  tranllation  was  publiihed,  The  Moral  State  of  England 
made  its  appearance;  the  author  of  which,  under  the  article 
Woman,  feems  to  have  adopted  the  fentiments  of  Spenfer  in 
praife  of  the  fair  lex,  p.  74.    "  Man,  having  by  bis  converfe 
with  the  caufes  of  all  things,  gathered  knowledge,  is  fenfible 
of  what  tliey  of  this   fex   are  capable ;  and,  fearing  left  they 
Ihould   rival   him  in   his  government,  impofelh  on  them,  by 
perfwading  them  that  their  faculties  are  not  receptive  of  arts 
and  rough  virtues ;  and   by  this   ftratagem  confinetb  them  by 
the  admmiftration  of  a  narrow  province,  bounded  by  the  v/alls 
of  their  court  and  garden,  whilll  he  is  exercis'd  in  the  nobler 
affairs  of  the  Court  and  Schools,  when  it  is  clear  that  their  in- 
clinations are  better  than  his,  and  their  refolutions  greater/* 
Compare  particularly  the   ftanza  fucceeding  that  which  Mr. 
Warton  has  cited  above,  C.  ii. — Dryden  fays  that,  in  bis  time, 
he  had  "  found  7norc  heroines  than  heroes,"    Pref.  to  Walfli's 
Dialogue  concerning  Women,  Svo.  16'91.^ — I  make  no  apology 
for  the  length  of  this  note,  as  it  illullrates  the  "  brave  gettes;* 
and  "  great  exploits,"  of  the  Ladies.     Todd. 

B  b  4 


376  THE    FAERIE    QUEENE.  BOOK   HI, 

That  matter  made  for  famous  poets  verfe. 
And  hoaitfull  men  lb  oft  abailit  to  heare  ? 
Bcene  they  all  dead,  and   laide  in  dolefiill 
herfe  ? 
Or  doen  they  onely  fleepe,  and  fliall  agame  re-* 
verfe  ? 

11. 
If  they  be  dead,  then  woe  is  me  therefore  ; 
But  if  they  (leepe,  O  let  them  foone  awake  ! 
For  all  too  lon^y  1  burne  with  enw  fore 
To  heare  the  warlike  feates  whieh  Homere 

I'pake 
Of  bold  Pentheiilce,  which  made  a  lake 
Of  Greekilli  blood  lb  ofte  in  Trojan  plaine ; 
But  when  1  reade,  how  ftout  Debora  ftrake  ^ 


I.  g. reverfe  ?]     Rifu7n,      See 

tlie  note  on  I".  Q.  i.  ix.  48.     Church. 

II.  4.     T(t  hture  the  uarlike Jcatcs  u-hkh  WomGxe  fpake 

Of  bold  Peuthelilee,  6ni.']      He  is  niiltakcn  about  Vtn- 
t/icjilcay  of  whom  Homer  makes  no  mention.     Joktin. 

"I'was  ul'ual  formerly  to  call  thole  additions,  which  were 
made  to  tlie  hooks  of  \'irgil  and  Homer,  by  the  name  of 
Virgil's  and  Homer's  works.  'I'hus  G.  Douglas  calls  Mapba^us's 
additional  book,  tlie  xiiith  book  of  X'irgil's  Jlmtdoti :  and  thus 
the  writings  of  Quinctus  Calaber  (who  wrote  xiv  books  fubfe- 
quent  to  Homer's  account  of  the  Trojan  war,  and  which  are 
named  Ta  p,j&'  •'Oft»)p9i/  or  ^af«^^7^oa£;'«,)  are  confounded  tcith 
Homer.  Hence  Spenfer  calls  it  Homer' ^  account  of  Penthcjika  ; 
thougli  Penthelilea  is  mentior^ed  by  almoU  all  tlie  writers  of 
tiie  Trojan  war,  excepting  Homer.     Upton. 

II.  7. koii-jiout  Dibora  ftrake  Sec]     It  was 

through  her  means  and  Barak's,  that  Sifera  was  difcomlited  ; 
but  it  was  Jael  thatyra^e  the  nail  into  bis  temples,  Judg.  iv,  21, 

Upto-v. 


CANTO  IV.         THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  377 

Proud  Sifera,  and  how  Cumill'  hath  flaine 
The  huge  Orhlochus,  I  fwell  with  great  dilclaine. 

III. 
Yet  thefe,  and  all  that  els  had  puiflaunce, 
Cannot  with  noble  Britomart  compare, 
As  well  for  glorie  of  great  valiaunce, 
As  for  pure  chaltitee  and  vertue  rare, 
That  all  her  goodly  deedes  doe  well  declare. 
AVell  worthie  ftock,  from  which  the  branches 

fprong 
That  in  late  yeares  fo  faire  a  blolTome  bare, 
As  thee,  O  Queene,  the  matter  of  my  fong, 
Whole  lignage  from  this  Lady  I  deri\'e  along  ! 

IV. 

Who  when,  through  fpeaches  with  the  RedcrolTe 
Knight, 
She  learned  had  th'  eftate  of  Arthegall, 
And  in  each  point  herfelfe  informd  aright, 
A  friendly  league  of  love  perpetuall 
She  with  him  bound,  and  conge  tooke  withall. 
Then  he  forth  on  his  iourney  did  proceede, 
To  feeke  adventures  which  mote  him  befall. 


ir.  S. ■  Camiir]     Camilla,  who  flew 

the  hui;e  Orlilochus,  as  mentioned  in  Virgil,  .En.  xi.  O'yo. 

Uptox. 
III.  8.    As  thee,  0  Queene,  the  matter  of  my  long,]     Millon, 
Par.  L.  B.iii.  41'J. 

"  Thy  name, 

"  Shall  be  the  copious  matter  of  wy  Jung  !" 
And  Dante,  Farad/Jh,  C.  i. 

^*  —  Sara  bora  materia  del  miu  canto."     Upton. 


37S  THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  BOOK  III» 

iindwin  him  woriliip  through  his  warhke deed. 
Which  alwaies  of  his  paines  he  made  the  chiefell 
meed. 

V. 
But  Britomart  kept  on  her  former  courfe^ 
Ne  ever  dofte  her  armes ;  but  all  the  way 
Grew  penfive  through  that  amorous  difcourfe. 
By  which  the  Eedcrolle   Knight  did  earft 

difplay 
Her  Lovers  fhape  and  chevalrous  aray : 
Athoufand  thoughts  (he  fafliiond  in  her  mind; 
And  in  her  feigning  fancie  did  pourtray 
Him,  fuch  as  fittelt  (he  for  love  could  find, 
"Wife,  warlike,  perfonable,  courteous,  and  kind, 

VI. 
"With  fuch  felfe-pleahng  thoughts  her  wound  llie 
fedd. 
And  thought  fo  to  beguile  her  grievous fmart; 
But  fo  her  fmart  was  much  more  grievous 

bredd, 
And  the  deepe  wound  more  deep  engord  her 

hart, 
That   nought    but   death    her  dolour  mote 
depart. 


V.  8. Jhe]    This  is  the  emendation 

made  in  the  fecond  edition,  to  which^every  fubfcquent  edition 
has  attended,  except  that  of  1751,  which  reads,  with  Spenl'er's 
iirft  edition,  he.     Todd. 

VI.  5. depart.]      Remorey 

feparate.     See  the  note  on  depart,  !'  Q.  ii.  x.  14.     Chuuch. 


CANTO  IV.    THE  FAERTE  QUEENE.  379 

So  forth  (he  rode,  without  repofe  or  red, 
Searching  all  lands  and  each  remoteft  part, 
Following    the    guydance    of    her    bhnded 

gueft. 
Till  that  to  the  fea-coaft  at  length  fhe  her  ad- 

dreft. 

VII. 

There  (lie  alighted  from  her  light-foot  beaft, 
And,  fitting  downe  upon  the  rocky  Ihore, 
Badd  her  old  Squyre  unlace  her  lofty  creaft : 
Tho,  having  vewd  awhile  the  furges  hore     ■ 
That  gainft;  the  craggy  clifts  did  loudly  rore, 
And  in  their  raging  furquedry  difdaynd 
That  the  faft  earth  affronted  them  fo  fore, 
And  their  devouring  covetize  reftraynd ; 

Thereat  ihe  fighed  deepe,  and  after  thus  com- 
playnd : 

VI.  8, her  blinded  gtieji,]     Love. 

Church. 

VI.  9-     — ./^'<?  her  addrrj}.]     So  Spen- 

fer's  own  editions  read,  which  thofe  of  1751,  Church,  Upton, 
and  Tonibn's  in  1/58,  follow.  The  reit  read,  "  fhe  had  ad- 
dreft."     Todd. 

Ibid. addrcjl.']     She  ad- 

dreffed  herfelf,  ihe  dircded  her  courfe  to.  Fr.  addrejj'e,  the 
luperlcription  or  direction  of  a  letter.  See  alfo  F.  Q.  iii.  x.  40. 

Church. 

VII.  6".  And  in  their  raging  furquedry  difdaynd  &c.]  The 
poet  feems  to  have  h;id  in  muid  that  fublime  defcription  of 
thefcajhut  up  with  doors.  Job  xxxviii.  8,  &c.  "  Hitherto  ilialt 
tliou  come,  but  no  funhcr:  and  hcreJJiall  thj  proud  ~xave$  be 

Jtayed."     Todd.       . 

VII.  7. affronced]     Oppofcd.     See'  the  note 

on  affront,  F.  Q.  i.  viii.  13.     Todd. 


3S0  THE  FAEUIE  QUEENE.  BOOK  HI. 

VIII. 

**  Pluge  fea  of  forrow  and  tempeftuous  griefe, 
A\  herein  my  feeble  barke  is  tofled  long 
Far  from  the  hoped  haven  of  reliefe, 
"Why  doe  thy  cruel  billowes  beat  fo  ftrong, 
And  thy  moyll  moantaines  each  on  others 

throng, 
Threatning  to  fwallow  up  my  fearefull  lyfe  ? 
O,  doe  thy  cruell  wrath  and  fpightfuU  wrong 
At  length  allay,  and  ftint  thy  (tormy  ftrife, 

Which  in   thefe  troubled  bowels  raignes  anci 
rageth  ryfe ! 

IX. 

"  For  els  my  feeble  veliell,  crazd  and  crackt 
Through  thy  ftrong  buffets  and  outrageous 

blowes. 
Cannot  endure,  but  needes  it  muft  be  wrackt 
On  the  rough  rocks,  or  on  the  fandy  Ihallowes, 

yill.  \.  Why  doe  &c.]  Hughes's  fecond  edition,  and  the 
editions  of  1751,  Church,  Upton,  and  Tonfon'sin  1758,  rightly 
follow  this  original  reading.  The  reft  conform  to  the  miftake 
of  the  fecond  edition,  "  If'/io  doe  Sec."     Todd. 

ATII.  ,9.  jr/iic/i  in  ihel'e  troubled  6ic.]  This  is  the  reading 
of  the  fecond  edition,  which  the  folios,  Hughes,  and  Tonfori's 
in  1738,  follow.  The  editions  of  1751,  Upton,  and  Church, 
adhere  to  the  reading  of  the  firft  edition,  *'  Which  in  t/iy 
troubled  bowels  &cc."  But  this  reading  wants  perfpicuity. 
iVIr.  Church  conjeftures  indeed  that  it  iiiould  be,  "  Which  in 
vij/  troubled  bowels  &c."  But  furely  it  is  fnfficiently  em-" 
phatick  in  the  fpeaker  to  fay  "  i/nfe  troubled  bowels,"  hmriy.uiy 
demonftrating  by  her  impailioned  manner  the  ftrong  ftryfe  in 
her  ox::n  heart.     Compare  the  fecond  canto  of  this  Book,  ft.  39- 

Todd, 

IX.  4.     On  the  rovgh  rocks,  or  on  the  fundi/ ^fjiallows,]     This 


CANTO  tV.         THE  FAERIE  QUEEN^E.  381 

The  whiles  that  Love  it  fleres,  and  Fortune 

rowes : 
Love,  my  lewd  pilott,  hath  a  reftlefTe  minde  ; 
And    Fortune,    botefwaine,    no    afluraunce 

knowes  > 
But  faile  withouteil  llarres  gainft  tyde  and 

winde  : 

How  can  they  other  doe,  fith  both  are  bold  and 

blinde  ! 

X. 

"  Thou  god  of  windes,  that  raigneft  in  the  feas. 

That  raigneft  alio  in  the  continent, 

At  laft  blow  up  fome  gentle  gale  of  eafe, 

The  which  may  bring  my  fliip,  ere  it  be  rent, 

L^nto  the  gladfome  port  of  her  intent ! 

Then,  M-hen  I  (liall  myfelfe  in  fafety  fee, 

A  table,  for  eternall  moniment 

line,  as  Mr.  Upton  has  obferved,  is  hypermetrical ;  and  rough 
as  the  fubjeft  requires.  It  is  indeed  difficult  to  read  it,  unlefs 
we  reject  the  fecond  on,  and  place  an  unpleafing  accent  on  the 
laft  fyllables  both  of  yawrfy  and  JhaHoivs ;  or,  retaining  every 
word,  pronounce7/2fl//ou«  as  a  monofyllable.     Todd, 

IX.  6".     7»i^  lewd  pilott,']     I\Iy  ignorant  pilot.     Leud  is 

often  ufed  by  Chaucer  in  oppofitioo  to  learned ;  as  in  old 
romances  it  alfo  is  to  clerk,  lluddiman,  in  his  Glofl'.  G. 
Douglas's  Virgil,  fays  that  Chaucer  frequently  employs  the 
word  both  for  a  laick  and  an  ignorant  perfon.  I  may  add  Pierce 
the  Ploughmaus  Crede,  at  the  beginning :  "  Other  lened  or 
leredy'  i.  e.  ignorant  or  learned.  Leud  continued  to  be  ufed 
in  this  fenfe  long  after  the  time  of  Spenfer.  See  lililton, 
Pan  lu  B.  iv.  19.3.  "  Into  his  church  lev:d  hirelings  climb." 
See  alfo  Ji'?*  xvii.  -5.  "  Certain  lewd  fellows  of  the  bafer  fort." 

Todd. 

X.  7.    A  table,  for  eternall  monmeut  &cc.}     'Twas  an  ancient 


38^  THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.    BOOK  HI. 

Of  tliy  great  grace  and  my  great  ieopardee, 

Great  Neptune,  I  avow  to  hallow  unto  thee  \" 

XI. 
Then  fighlng  foflly  fore,  and  inly  deepe, 
She  fhut  up  all  her  plaint  in  privy  griefe ; 
(For  her  great  courage  would   not  let  her 

weepe  ;) 
Till  that  old  Glauce  gan  v»'ith  ftiarpe  repriefe 
Her  to  reftraine,  and  give  her  good  reliefe 
Through  hope  of  thofe,  which  Merlin  had 

her  told 
Should  of  her  name  and  nation  be  chiefe, 
And  fetch  their  beino:  from  the  facred  mould 

Of  her  immortall  womb,  to  be  in  heven  enrold. 

XII. 

Thus  as  {he  her  recomforted,  flie  fpyde 

Where  far  away  one,  all  in  armour  bright, 

A\  ith  hafty  gallop  towards  her  did  ryde  : 

Her  dolour  foone  ihe  ceaft,  and  on  her  dight 

Her  helmet,  to  her  courfer  mounting  light : 

Her  former  forrow  into  hidden  wrath 

(Both  coofen  paflions  of  dilb'oubled  fp right) 

Converting,  forth  flie  beates  the  duily  path ;' 

cuftom  for  thofe* who  had  received  (or  thought  they  received) 
any  fignal  deliverance  from  the  gods,  to  ofter,  as  a  pious 
acknowledgement,  fome  tablet,  giving  an  account  of  the  favour. 
The  mariner  efcaped  from  ftiipwreck  offered  his  votive  table  to 
Neptune.  Horat.  L.  i.  Od.  5.  Thefe  votive  tablets  are  men- 
tioned by  the  commentators  on  Horat.  L.  i.  Od.  5.  Juvenal. 
Sat.  xii.  27.  TibuU.  Lib.  i.  Eleg.  iii.  And  in  feveral  old  in- 
fcriptions.     Upton. 


CANTO  IV.       THE  FAERIE  QUEE^TE.'  383 

Love  and  defpight  attonce  her  corage  kindled 

hath. 

XIII. 

As,  when  a  foggy  mift  hath  overcaft 

The  face  of  heven  and  the  cleare  ayre  en- 

grofte, 
The  world  in  darknes  dwels ;  till  that  at  laft 
The  watry  fouthwinde  from  the  feabord  cofte 
Upblowing  doth  difperfe  the  vapour  lo'fte, 
And  poures  itfelfe  forth  in  a  ftormy  fhowre ; 
So  the  fayre  Britomart,  having  difclofte 
Her  clowdy  care  into  a  wrathfull  ftowre, 

The  mift  of  griefe  diffolv'd  did  into  vengeance 

powre. 

XIV. 
Eftfoones,  her  goodly  ftiield  addreffing  fayre, 
That  mortall  fpeare  llie  in  her  hand  did  take. 
And  unto  battaill  did  herfelfe  prepayre. 
The   Knight,   approehing,   fternely  her  be- 

fpake ; 
**  Sir  Knight,  that  doeft  thy  voyage  raflily 

make 
By  this  forbidden  way  in  my  defpight, 

XIII,  5. the  rapoiir  lo'fte,]     The  vapour 

h'Jie  is  the  vapour  loofte^  loofed,  diflblved  ;  as  difdo'fte  in  the 
feventh  line  is  difcloojie,  difclofed.  So  he  ufes  difpojl  for  dif~ 
pofed,  F.  Q,  ii.  viii.  26".     The  folios  and  Hughes  here  read  l(^. 

Church^ 

Tonfon's  edition  of  1758  inaccurately  alfo  reads  lojl,  as  Mr. 
Upton  does,  lojie  :  for  Spenfer's  firft  edition  reads  as  it  is  here 
printed,  and  as  Mr.  Church  has  given  it,  lo'Jie.     Todd. 

XIV".  6.     By  this  forbidden  "wayl     'Twas  ufual  for  knights- 


3S4  The  FAtniE  queene.         book  iif, 

Ne  doeft  bj  others  death  enfample  take ; 
I  read  thee  Ibone  retyre,  whiles   thoii  haft 
might, 
Leaft  afterwards  it  be  too  late  to  take  thy  flight." 

XV. 

Ythrild  with  deepe  dildaine  of  his  proud  threat, 
She  Ihortly  thus ;  *'  Fly  they,  that  need  to  fly ; 
Wordesfearen babes:  Imeanenot  thee  entreat 
To  pafle  ;  but  maugre  thee  will  palie  or  dy :" 
Ne  lenger  ftayd  for  th'  other  to  reply, 
But  with  ftiarpe  fpeare  the  reft  made  dearly 

knowne. 
Strongly  the  ftraunge  Knight  ran,  and  fturdily 
Strooke  her  full  on  the  breft,  that  made  her 
downe 

Decline  her  head,  and  touch  her  crouper  with 

her  crown. 

XVI. 
But  flie  againe  him  in  the  fliield  did  fmite 
AVith  fo  fierce  furie  and  great  puiflaunce, 
That,  through  his  three-fquarefcuchinpercing 
quite 

errant  in  Romance-writers  to  guard  feme  pafs ;  and  through 
this  forbidden  way  no  other  knight  was  i'uffered  to  go  without 
trial  of  his  manhood. — I  believe  this  cuftom  gave  the  hint  to 
Milton,  a  great  reader  and  imitator  of  romance-writers,  of  his 
placing  Death  as  a  guard  to  the  pafs  from  Hell  into  Chaos. 

UPT0>f . 

XV,  6. > fpeare]     This   is  the  emendation  of 

the  firft  folio,  which  all  fubfequent  editions  have  followed, 
except  that  of  1731,  in  which  the  error  of  Spenfer's  own 
editions  is  retained,  viz.  fpearcs.     Todd. 


CANTO   IV.  THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  585 

And  through  his  may  led  hauberque,  by  mif- 

chaunce 
The  wicked  fteele  through  his  left  fide  did 

glaunce : 
Him  io  transfixed  flie  before  her  bore 
Beyond  his  croupe,   the  length   of  all   her 

launce ; 
Till,  iadly  fbucing  on  the  fandy  fhore, 
He  tombled  on  an  heape,  and  wallowd  in  his  gore. 

XVII. 

Like  as  the  facred  oxe  that  careleffe  ftands 
With    gilden    homes    and    fiowry   girlonds 

crownd, 
Proud  of  his  dying  honor  and  deare  bandes, 
Whiles    th'  altars  fume   with    frankincenfe 

arownd, 
All  fuddeinly  with  mortall  ftroke  aflownd 
Doth  grovehng  fall,  and  with  his  ftreaming 

gore 
Diflaines  the  pillours  and  the  holy  grownd, 
And  the  faire  flowres  that  decked  him  afore  : 
So  fell  proud  Marinell  upon  the  Pretious  Shore. 

XVII.  1.  Like  as  the  facred  oxe  &c.]  In  the  following 
fimile  all  the  expreflions  are  happily  adapted  to  the  old  cul- 
toms :  The  facred  oxe,  IsfHov,  that  carelefj'ejlands,  that  does  not 
feem  brought  to  the  altar  by  force  or  violence ;  with  gildcn 
homes,  "  aurata  fronte  juvencum,"  Virg.  Mn.  ix.  627.  Com- 
pare Homer,  II.  ^.  2^4.  And  Jtowry  girlands,  &c.  "  vittis 
praefignis  et  auro  viftima,"  Ov.  Met.  xv.  ]  32.  It  ought  not  to 
be  palled  over  that  this  fimile  is  borrowed  from  Homer,  //.  ^'. 
589-  The  fame  (imile  the  learned  reader  alfo  may  fee  in 
Apollonius,  L.  iv.  469.     Upton. 

VOL.   IV.  CO 


S86  THE    FAEUIE    QUEENE.  BOOK  III. 

XVIII. 

The  martiall  INIayd  flayd  not  him  to  lament, 
But  forward  rode,  and  kept  her  ready  way 
Along  the  Strond  ;  whieh,  as  flie  over-went, 
She  ikw  beftrowed  all  with  rich  aray 
Of  pcarles  and  pretious  Hones  of  great  affay, 
And  all  the  gravell  mixt  with  golden  owre : 
Whereat  (he  wondred  much,  but  would  not 

ftay 
For  gold,  or  perles,  or  pretious  Hones,  an 
howre. 
But  them  defpifed  all ;  for  all  m  as  in  her  powre. 

XIX. 
Whiles  thus  he  lay  in  deadly  ftoniflmient, 
Tydings  hereof  came  to  his  mothers  eare  ; 
His  mother  was  the  blacke-browd  Cymoent, 

XVin,  8. an  koxvre,]     That  is,  any  while. 

So,  in  F.  Q.  V.  vii.  ■1-5.    "  Ne  ever  houre  did  ceafe."     Upton. 

XVIII.  y.     for  all  wan  in  her  poivreJ]     That  is, 

noi-withjiaadiug  they  were  all  in  her  power.     Todd. 

XIX.  1.     IVhiles  thus  he  lay  in  (Icticlli/jloni/huent, 

Tydings  hereof  came  to  his  mothers  eare ;]  This 
epifodc  is  in  feme  meafure  taken  from  Horn.  11.  a-'.  35,  &c. 
■where  Thetis  arrives  with  her  fifters,  the  daughters  of  Kerens, 
to  comfort  Achilles.  And  from  Virgil,  Georg.  iv.  317?  where 
the  (liepiierd  Arifta^us  complains,  and  his  complaints  reach  his 
mother's  ear,  the  Nereid  Cyrene,  beneath  the  chambers  of  the 
lea.     Upton. 

XIX.  3.     —   Cymoent.]      From  xu^« 

Jiucius,  as  Cyniu,  Cyniotkoe,  Cymodochc:  and  'tis  remarkable  that 
JMarinel's  mother  is  called  Cymodoce,  F.  Q.  iv.  xi.  33,  unlefs 
we  muft  alter  it  (which  I  dont  believe,  becaufe  Spenfer  often 
varies  in  the  fpelling  and  writing  of  his  proper  names,)  into 
Cyjnmiite.  The  epithet  black-brow' d  is  from  the  Greek,  /aeA«» 
»9p£i;f,  xta>cfft's,    Upton. 


CANTO  tV.        THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  387 

The  daughter  of  great  Nereus,   which  did 

beare 
This  warhke  fonne  unto  an  earthly  peare, 
The  famous  Dumarin  ;  who  on  a  da}'' 
Finding  the  nymph  afleepe  in  fecret  wheare, 
As  he  by  chaunce  did  wander  that  fame  way, 

Was  taken  with  her  love,  and  by  her  clofely  lay. 

XX. 

There  he  this  Knight  of  her  begot,  w  horn  borne 
She,  of  his  father,  Marinell  did  name  ; 
And  in  a  rocky  cave  as  wight  forlorne 
Long  time  fhe  foftred  up,  till  he  became 

XIX.  7.     ■ iji  fecret  wheare 

As  he  by  chaunce  &c.]     Poffibly, 

• "  in  fecret,  Vuhere- 

"  As  he  by  chaunce  he." 
Spenfer  perpetually  uies  whereas  for  -where.     Jortin. 

He  does  fo  ;  particularly  in  tlie  next  ftanza ;  but  never  dif- 
joins  the  two  fyllables  in  fuch  a  manner.  Wheare,  or  where, 
as  Fairfax  fpells  it,  is  a  place  of  retirement  in  a  wood  or  garden. 
Fairfax  confirms  the  ufe  of  the  expreffion,  and  the  old  punctu- 
ation in  Spenfer,  B.  iv,  .90. 

"  Alone  fometimes  (lie  walkt  in  fecret  where, 
"  To  ruminate  upon  her  difcontent."     Church. 
Our  poet  is  the  bell  interpreter  of  his  own  phrafes.     See  the 
Shep.  Cat.  May,  v.  9. 

"  Youthe  folke  now  flocken  in  every  where, 
"  To  gather  May-bufkels  and  fmelling  breere  :" 
That  is,  in  every  place ;  as  E.  K.  our  poet's  friend,  and  oldefl 
commentator,  there  explains  it.     Tis  to  be  remembered  that 
Fays  frequented  fecret  and  privy  places.     See  F.  Q.  iv.  ii.  44'. 

Uptox. 

XX.  2.     • Marinell]     Marinell  has  his  name 

alfo,  as  Cymoent  has,  from  thefta.  I  have  all  along  thought, 
and  am  ftill  of  the  opinion,  that  Lord  Howard,  the  Lord  High 
Admiral  of  England,  is  imaged  under  the  charader  of  Ma- 
rinell :  There  feems  in  flanza  22  an  allufion  to  his  captures 
and  rich  piizes  taken  from  the  Spaniards.     Upton. 

c  c  2 


3S3  THE  FAEllIE  QUEEXE.  BOOK  III. 

A  mighty  man  at  armes,  and  mickle  fame 
Did  get  through  great  adventures  by  him 

donne : 
For  never  man  he  iuffred  by  that  fame 
•    Rich  Strond  to  travell,  whereas  he  did  wonne, 
But  that  he  muftdobattail  with  theSea-nymphes 
fonne. 

XXI. 

An  hundred  Kniohts  of  honorable  name 

He  had  fubdew'd,  and  them  his  vaffals  made  : 
Tliat  through  ah  Farie  Lond  his  noble  fame 
Now  blazed  was,  and  feare  did  all  invade, 
That  none  durft  pailen  through  that  perilous 

glade : 
And,  to  advaunce  his  name  and  glory  more, 
Her  fea-god  fyre  flie  dearely  did  perfwade 
T'  endow  her  fonne  with  threafure  and  rich 

flore 
Bove  all  the  fonnes  that  were  of  earthlv  wombes 

ybore. 

XXII. 

The  god  did  graunt  his  daughters  deare  de- 
maund, 
To  doen  his  nephew  in  all  riches  flow : 
Eftfoones  his  heaped  waves  he  did  commaund 
Out  of  their  hollow  bofome  forth  to  throw 
All  the  huge  threafure,  which  the  fea  below 
Had  in  his  greedy  gulfe  devoured  deepe, 
And  him  enriched  through  the  overthrow 


CANTO   IV.         THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  589 

And  wreckes  of  many  \vretches5  which  did 

M'eepe 

And  often  wayle  their  wealth  which   he   from 

them  did  keepe. 

XXIII, 

Shortly  upon  that  Shore  there  heaped  was 
Exceeding  riches  and  all  pretious  things, 
The  fpoyle  of  all  the  world ;  that  it  did  pas 
The  wealth  of  th'  Eaft,  and  pompe  of  Perlian 

kings : 
Gold,  amber,  yvorie,  perles,  owches,  rings, 
And  all  that  els  was  pretious  and  deare. 
The  fea  unto  him  voluntary  brings ; 
That  fliortly  he  a  great  Lord  did  appeare, 

As  was  in  all  the  Lond  of  Faery,  or  elfewheare. 

XXIV. 

Thereto  he  was  a  doughty  dreaded  Knight, 
Tryde  often  to  the  fcath  of  many  deare. 
That  none  in  equall   amies    him    matchen 

might : 
The  which  his  mother  feeing  gan  to  feare 
Leaft  his  too  haughtie  hardines  might  reare 
Some  hard  mifhap  in  hazard  of  his  life : 
Forthy  fhe  oft  him  couni'eld  to  forbeare 
The  bloody  batteill,  and  to  ftirre  up  ftrife. 

But  after  all  his  warre  to  reft  his  wearie  knife  : 

XXIV.  2.  Trijde  often  to  the  fcath  of  many  deare,]  That  is, 
Often  dearly  tried  to  the  hurt  (fcath)  of  many.  So  Spenfer 
ufes  deare  for  dearly,  F.  Q.    iii.  ix.  45J.     Church. 

XXIV.  g.     "- his  icearie  knife  :]     Knife 

c  c  3 


290  THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  BOOK  III, 

XXV. 

And,  for  his  more  afluraunce,  flie  inqiiir'd 
One  day  of  Proteus  by  his  mighty  fpell 
(For  Proteus  was  with  prophecy  infpir'd) 
Her  deare  fonnes  deltiny  to  her  to  tell, 
And  the  fad  end  of  her  fweet  Marinell: 
Who,  through  foreiight  of  his  eternall  ikill. 
Bad  her  from  womankind  to  kcepe  him  well ; 
For  of  a  woman  he  (houid  have  much  ill ; 

A  Virgin  ilraunge  and  ftout  him  fnould  difmay 
-   .       or  kill. 

XXVI. 
Forthy  llie  gave  him  warning  every  day 
The  love  of  women  not  to  entertaine  ; 
•   A  leflbn  too  too  hard  for  living  clay, 


is  ufuallv  employed  for  fxcord  in  the  old  romances.  Thus,  in 
the  metrical  IJijl.  of  Pejijiratus  and  Cataiica,  bl.  1.  By  £dm. 
Eluiden,  Gent.  Impr.  by  11.  Bynneman,  lign,  M.  vi, 

• "  the  time  appointed  nowe 

"   approched  is,   when  knife 
*'  Of  via/ili/  knight  mail  yeide  him  fame, 
""  and  end  the  deadly  Itrife."     Todd. 

XXV.  3.  I'ur  Prof  cits  -a-as  uifh  prophca/  infpir^d]  Proteus 
is  mentioned  as  a  jugler  and  conjurer,  in  B.  i.  C.  ii.  ft.  10,  and 
B.  iii.  C*  8.  ft.  39,  &c.  But  in  Ilyginus,  Fab.  118,  he  is  men- 
tioned as  a  learned  diviner,  or  prophet,  as  likevvife  in  Homer, 
Od.  y.  34.9,  and  Virgil,  Georg.  iv.  387-     Upton. 

XXVI.  3.  .-1  Iqfon  too  too  hard]  This  is  an  old  form  of 
expreftlon,  to  fignify  exceeding.  11ms,  in  Penri's  Exhortation 
into  the  Gouernutirs  &c.  of  Wales,  1588.  p.  51.  "  The  cafe  is 
too  too  munifeU."  And,  in  Parrot's  Springes  for  Jroodcocks, 
ItiJS.  Epigr.  133.  B.  i.  "  Her  iefting's  foo  foo  euill."  Dryden 
ufes  it  in  yljtrca  Redux.  And  it  was  tlien  common.  See  Sper 
ciihim  Crapc-Go-wnonan,  &c.  4to.  l6"82,  p.  l6".  "  Too  too  muclj 
guilty."    Todd. 


CANTO  IV.        THE  FAERIE  QUEEXE.  3Qh 

From  love  in  courfe  of  nature  to  refraine  ! 

Yet  he  his  mothers  lore  did  well  retaine. 

And  ever  from  fayre  Ladies  love  did  flv  ; 

Yet  many  Ladies  fayre  did  oft  complaine, 

That  they  for  love  of  him  would  algates  dy  : 

Dy,  whofo  lift  for  him,  he  was  Loves  enimy, 

XXVII. 

But  ah  !  who  can  deceive  his  deftiny, 
Or  weene  by  warning  to  avoyd  his  fate  ? 
That,  when  he  fleepes  in  molt  fecurity 
And  fafeft  feemes,  him  fooneft  doth  amate, 
And  findeth  dew  effeft  or  foone  or  late; 
So  feeble  is  the  powre  of  fleflily  arme  ! 
His  mother  bad  him  wemens  love  to  hate. 
For  fhe  of  womans  force  did  feare  no  harme  ; 

So  weening  to  have  arm'd  him,  Ihe  did  quite 

difarme. 

XXVIII. 

This  v.as  that  woman,  this  that  deadly  wownd. 

That  Proteus  prophecide  fliould  him  difmay  ; 

The  which  his  mother  vainely  did  expownd 

To  be  hart-wownding  love,  which  fliould  afl'ay 

To  bring  her  fonne  unto  his  laft  decay. 

XXVII.  3.     That,]     Fate.     Chuuch. 

XXVII.  6. fleflily  anne  !]     This 

is  the  reading  of  the  fecond  edition,  which  the  folios,  Hughes's 
fiift  edition,  Church,  aud  Tonfon's  edition  in  1758,  follow. 
Hughes's  fecond  edition,  the  edition  of  1751,  and  Upton, 
read,  with  Spenfer's  lirl't  edition,  ^'■Jiejhy  arme."  Milton  feems 
to  have  confidered  the  fecond  edition  as  prefenting  the  genuine 
reading.     For  fee  Far.  Reg.  B.  iii.  387. 

"  IMuch  oftentation  vain  of  fleshly  arm."    Todd. 

c  c  4 


39^  THE  faerit:  queene.         book  in. 

So  tickle  be  the  termes  of  mortall  ftate 
And  full  of  ful)tile  fophifmes,  which  doe  play 
A\  ith  double  fences,  and  with  falfe  debate, 
T'  approve  the  unknowenpurpofe  of  eternall  fate. 

XXIX. 

Too  trew  the  famous  Marinell  it  fownd  ; 

AVho,  through  late  triall,  on  that  AVealthy 

Strond 
Insilorious  now  lies  in  fcnceleffe  fwownd, 
Through  heavy  Itroke  of  Britomartis  bond. 
Which  when  his  mother  deare  did  underftond, 
And  heavy  tidings  heard,  whereas  flie  playd 
Amongft  her  watry  lifters  by  a  pond, 
Gathering  fvveete  daffadillyes,  to  have  made 

Gay  girlonds  from  the  fun  their  forheads  fayr 

to  fhade ; 

XXX. 
Eftefoones  both  flowres  and  girlonds  far  away 
She  flong,  and  her  faire  deawy  lockes  yrcnt ; 
To  for  row  huge  flie  turnd  her  former  play, 
And  gamefom  merth  to  grievous  dreriment: 
Shee  threw  herfelfe  downe  on  the  continent, 
Ne  word  did  fpeake,  but  lay  as  in  a  fwowne, 
Whiles  all  her  fifters  did  for  her  lament 


XXX.  1,  Eftefoones  &c.]  Cymoent,  upon  hearing  of  the 
rnisfortune  of  her  ion,  Jiings  auai/  the  gar/and:  Adam,  upon 
the  fight  of  I-^ve  with  llie  fatal  fruit  in  her  hand,  drops  if, 
Par.  L.  B.  ix.  892.  Kach  poet  has  judiciouHy  made  choice  of 
that  Adion  which  was  mofl  fuitable  to  the  different  circuni- 
ftances  and  charaders  of  their  Adors.     Church. 


CANTO  IV.        THE  FAERIE  QUEEXE.  393 

With  yelling    outcries,   and  with   (hrieking 
fowne ; 
And  every  one  did  teare  her  girlond  from  her 
crowne. 

XXXI. 

Soone  as  (lie  up  out  of  her  deadly  fitt 

Arofe,  flie  bad  her  charett  to  be  brought; 
And  all  her  fifters,  that  with  her  did  fitt, 
Bad  eke  attonce  their  charetts  to  be  fought : 
Tho,  full  of  bitter  griefe  and  penfive  thought, 
She  to  her  wagon  clombe ;  clombe  all  the  reft. 
And  forth  together  went,  with  forow  fraught : 
The  waves  obedient  to  theyre  beheaft 

Them  yielded  ready  pafTage,  and  their  rage  fur- 
ceaft. 

XXXII. 
Great  Neptune  ftoode  amazed  at  their  fight. 
Whiles  on  his  broad  rownd  backe  they  Ibftly 

flid, 
And  eke  himfelfe  mournd  at  their  mournful 

plight, 
Yet  wilt  not  what  their  wailing  ment,  yet  did, 
For  great  compaffion  of  their  forow,  bid 
His  mighty  waters  to  them  buxome  bee : 
Eftefoones  the  roaring  billowes  ftill  abid, 
iVnd  all  the  griefly  monfters  of  the  fee 

XXXII.  8.     ■ the  griejly  monfters  of  the  fee]     Virgil, 

Mn.  vi.  729. 

"  Et  quae  marmoreo  fert  monjira  fub  cequore  pontus." 

TOPD. 


3i)4"  THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  BOOK  IIU 

Stood  gaping  at  their  gate,  and  wondred  them 
to  fee. 

XXXIII. 

A  teme  of  dolphins  raunged  in  aray 

Drew  the  fmooth  charett  of  fad  Cymoent; 
They  were  all  taught  by  Triton  to  obay 
To  the  long  raynes  at  her  commaundement : 
As  fwifte  as  fwallowes  on  the  waves  they  went. 
That  their  brode  flaggy  fames  no  fome  did 

reare, 
Ne  bubling  rowndell  they  behinde  them  fent; 
The  red,  of  other  filbes  drawen  weare, 

AVhich  with  their  finny  oars  the  fwelling  fea  did 

flieare, 

XXXIV. 

Soone  as  they  bene  arriv'd  upon  the  brim 
Of  the  Rich  Strond,  their  charets  they  forlore^ 
And  let  their  temed  fiibes  foftlv  fwim 
Along  the  margent  of  the  fomy  Ihore, 

XXXIII.  4.     — rai/ncs]     So  the  firft  edition  reads, 

vliich  Hughes's  fecond  edition,  and  thole  of  Church,  Upton, 
and  Toulon's  in  1758,  follow.  The  reft  follow  the  fecond 
edition,  which  reads  traines.     Todd. 

XXXIII.  9. ^//e  fwelling /ca]     This 

epithet /iie//?Ho-  is  diretftly  contrairy  to  what  is  faid  juft  above, 

"  The  waves  obedient  to  theyr  beheaft 

•'  Them  yielded  ready  paflage,  and  their  rage  furceaft/' 
Agafn, 

"  Eftfoones  the  roaring  billows 7?///  abid." 
So  that,  methinks,  we  might  let  all  to  rights  with  no  great 
variation  of  letters  ;  by  reading  "  the  yielding  fea  :"  yielding^ 
in  the  fame  fenfe  as  buxome,  in  ft.  31  ;  which  proves  the  pro- 
priety of  this  correciion.  And  thus  Faii-fax,  B.  xv.  12.  "  Their 
brcafts  in  fundcr  cleave  the  yeclding  deepc."     Upton. 


CANTO  ly.  THE  FAERIE  QUEEXE.,  d9S 

Leaft  they  their  finnes  iliould  bruze,  and  fur- 
bate  fore 
Then'  tender  feete  upon  the  (lony  grownd : 
And  comming  to  the  place,  where  all  in  gore 
And  cruddy  blood  en  wallowed  they  fownd 
The  lucklefle  Marinell  lyins  in  deadly  fwownd, 

XXXV. 
His  mother  fwowned  thrife,  and  the  third  time 
Could  icarce  recoyered  bee  out  of  her  paine ; 
-Had  (lie  not  beene  devoid e  of  mortall  flime, 
She  fhould  not  then  have  bene  relyv'd  againe  : 
But,  foone  as  life  recovered  had  the  raine,  - 
Shee  made  fo  piteous  mone  and  deare  way- 

ment, 
That  the  hard  rocks  could  fcarce  from  tears 

refraine : 
And  all  her  fifter  nymphes  with  one  confent 
Supplide  her  fobbing  breaches  with  fad  com- 
plement. 


XXXV.  4. relyv'd]     Brovght  fo 

life.     See  the  note  on  rclii'd,  F.  Q.  vi.  xi.  'J-l-.     Todd. 

XXXV.  6. waymenl,]    Lamentation, 

So,  in  Drayton's  Shepheards  Garland,  edit.  lo93-  P-  '■^^' 

"  Come,  Nymphs,  and  with  your  rebecks  ring  his  knell, 
"   Warble  forth  your  icainciifing  harmony,  iScc." 
Chaucer  had  thus  employed  the  word,  Kn.  T.  y04.   ed.  Tyr- 
whitt.  "  That  ever  herd  iwiche  another  xiai?nentiiig."     See  alfo 
7V.  and  Cicj'cide,  L.  )i.  6j.  edit.  Urr. 

"  The  I'walow  Progne  with  a  IbrowfuU  lay, 
"  Whan  morow  come,  gan  make  her  v:ai7nciiting."   Todd. 
XXXV.  8.  Jnd  all  htrjijier  nymphes  icitk  one  confent 

ISu^plide  herjoiih:g  ireuches  xtith  fad  complc?nenf.} 


596  THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  BOOK  III.- 

XXXVI. 

"  Dcare  image  of  mylelfe,"  llie  fayd,  "  that  is 
The  wretched    Ibnne    of  wretched    mother 

borne, 
Is  this  thine  high  advauncement  ?  O  !  is  this 
Th'  immortall  name,   with  which  thee  yet 

unborne 
Thy  grandlire  Nereus  promift  to  adorne  ? 
Now  lyeft  thou  of  hfe  and  honor  refte ; 
Now  lyeft  thou  a  lumpe  of  earth  forlorne  ; 
Ne  of  thy  late  life  memory  is  lefte ; 
Ne  can  thy  irrevocable  defteny  bee  wefte  J 

XXXVH. 
"  Fond  Proteus,  father  of  falfe  prophecis ! 


Her  Jlftcr  vymphes  (xas-iymraj  N»jpv;/,5'£?,   Horn.  //.  a-'.  52.)    fill  up 
the  intervals  with  their  fobs,  lb.  50. 


XXXVI.  1.  Deare  image  of  v-iyjclje,  c^c]  There  is  a  paf- 
fage  not  unlike  this  in  Statius,  where  a  nymph  mourns  for  her 
fon  that  was  flain,  Theb.  ix.  S7 ^- 

"  atque  hcEC  ululatibus  addit: 

"   Hoc  tibi  femidei  munus  tribuere  parentes  ? 
"  Nee  mortalis  avus  ?  bcc."     Jortin. 

XXXVI.  7. a  lumpe  of  earth  forlorne il    The 

body  without  the  foul  is  rightly  lb  called.  The  Latin  poets 
ufe  corpus  inane  in  the  fame  fenie.  See  Ovid,  Amor.  III.  El.  ix. 
"  Ardet  in  extrudo  corpus  inane  rogo."  Upton. 
Compare  The  Difplay  of  xaine  life,  4to.  1594.  p.  24.  "  Now 
followeth  the  difference  between  the  foule  and  the  body,  at  the 
time  of  their  feparation.  Soui.e  [to  the  Body.]  Proud 
voluptuous  caitiie,  woe  worth  the  time  I  was  deftined  to  dwell 
in  thee.     Foule  Imnpe  of  lead,  I  haue  bin  thy  haud-maid,  (Sec.'* 

Todd. 

XXXVI.  9. _ wefte!]    IVavcd^ 

avoided,  removed.    Church. 


CANTO   IV.        THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  397 

And   they  more  fond  that  credit    to    thee 

give ! 
Not  this  the  worke  of  womans  hand  ywis. 
That  fo  deepe  wound  through  thefe   deare 

members  drive. 
I  feared  love  ;  but  they  that  love  doe  live  ; 
But  they    that  dye,    doe    nether  love  nor 

hate : 
Nath'leffe  to  thee  thy  folly  I  forgive ; 
And  to  myfelfe,  and  to  accurfed  fate, 
The  guilt  I  doe  afcribe  :  deare  wifedom  bought 

too  late  ! 

XXXVIII. 
."  O  !  what  availes  it  of  immortall  feed 

To  beene  ybredd  and  never  borne  to  dye  ? 
Farre  better  I  it  deeme  to  die  with  fpeed 
Then  wafte  in  woe  and  waylfull  miferye  : 
Who  dyes,  the  utmoft  dolor  doth  abye ; 
But  who  that  lives,  is  lefte  to  waile  his  lolTe : 
So  life  is  loffe,  and  death  felicity : 


XXXV'Il.  3.     N^ot  this  the  vcorhe  of  ivomans  hand  yw'xs, 

That  Jo  det'pe  lioiind  through  thefe  deare  members 
drivej\  Not  this  truly  a  woman's  handywork  that  drives  fo 
deep  a  wound  through  thefe  dear  members  of  my  fon. 

Upton". 
XXXVIII.  1.     0!  -what  availes  it  &c.]     Virgil,  Mn.  xii.  879. 
"  Quo  vitam  dedit  aeternam  ?  cur  mortis  adempta  eft 
"  Conditio  ?  pofl'em  tantos  fmire  dolores 
"  Nunc  certe,  &c." 
See  alfo  Ovid,  Met.  i.  66"2.     Jortix. 

XXXVIII.  5.     • abye;]     Endure, 

■  ovfuffer.     See  Ruddiman's  Glofl".  Doutjlas's  Virgil.     Todd. 


59^  THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.     BOOK  III« 

Sad  life  worfe  then  glad  death  ;  and  greater 
crollle 
To  fee  frends  gra\e,  then  dead  the  grave  felfe 

to  engroile. 

XXXIX. 
"  But  if  the  heavens  did  his  days  envie, 
And  my  ihort  blis  maligne ;  yet  mote  they 

Avell 
Thus  much  afford  me,  ere  that  he  did  die, 
That  the  dim  eies  of  my  deare  IVIarinell 
,:    I  mote  have  clofed,  and  liim  bed  farewell, 
Sith  other  offices  for  mother  meet 

They  would  not  graunt 

Yett !  maulgre  them,  farewell,  my  fweeteifc 
Sweet ! 
Farewell,  my  fwceteft  fonne,  fitli  we  no  more 
fhall  meet  I" 


:     XXXVIII.  8. and  greater  croffc 

To  fee  frcitd.'i  grate,  then  dead  the  grave  felfe 
to  citgrqfe.]  And  'tis  a  greater  misfortune  to  fee  the  grave  of 
a  friend,  than  dead  to  engrofs  the  grave  itfelf.     Upton. 

XXXIX.  2. maligne  ;]      Grudge,  or  oppofe  ; 

a  verb  formed  from  the  French  feminine  adjective  vialigne. 
Spenfer  ufes  it  again,  in  the  fenfe  of  maUciuufly  traduce  or 
infult,  F.  Q.  iv.  i.  30.     Todd. 

XXXIX.  4.     That  the  dim  eies  of  vnj  deare  Marinell 

I  Diotc  have  clofed,  and  him  bedfareue/l,]   Virgil, 

^En.  ix.  486. 

"  Nee  te  tua  funera  mater 

"  Produxi,  preOive  oeulos  — " 
And  him  bid  farewell,  according  to  an  old  cuftom,  to  which 
Virgil  alludes,  ^n.  ii.  644,  xi.  97.     Uvtov. 

XXXIX.  9-     • flh  XLC  710  )iiorcJhaIl  vicef  .']    So 

Uie  fecond  edition  reads,  to  which  every  fubfequent  one  adheres. 


CANTO  IV.         THE  FAERIE  QUEENED-"  59^ 

XL. 

Tims  uhen  they  all  had  forowed  their  fill, 
They  foftly  gan  to  fearch  his  griefly  wownd  : 
And,  that  they  might  him  handle  more  at  will, 
They  him  dilarmd ;  and,  fpredding  on  the 

grownd 
Their  watchet  mantles  frindgd   with  filver 

rownd. 
They  foftly  wipt  away  the  gelly  blood 
From  th'  orifice  ;  which  having  well  upbownd, 
They  pom'd  in  foveraine  balme  and  nectar 

good, 
Good  both  for  erthly  med'cine  and  for  hevcnly 

food. 

The  firft  reads, 

• "  till  we  again  may  meet !" 

This  latter  fentiment  is  in  the  fpirit  of  Chrillianity,  and  might 
naturally  have  fallen  from  the  poet's  pen  upon  fucli  a  melan- 
t:holy  occafion  :  but  the  alteration  is  more  in  character^  and  I 
believe  it  Spenfer's.     Church. 

XL.  5.     watchet  mantles]     The  word  xcatchet  was 

formerly  common  for  blue.  See  Cotgrave's  Di<^l;.  in  v.  CoLou  u. 
"  Blew  or  tcafchet  colour,  couleur  pers."  See  again  F.  Q.  iv. 
ii.  27.     Todd. 

XL.  6'. the  geWy  blood]     Some  editions 

read,  by  way  of  emendation,  ^^jcllij'd  blood  ;"  but  nothing  is 
more  frequent,  as  Mr.  Upton  has  obferved,  than  the  poet's 
ufage  of  two  fubftantives,  as  the  ocean  wave,  the  Briton  Prince, 
and  lyon  whelpes,  &c..  &c.     Todd. 

XL.  8.     T key  pour d  171  foxcrai7ie  babne,  and  ned:ar  bic]     So 
Venus  in  the  cure  of  ^neas,  Virg.  JEn.  xii.  419.  ' 

•  "  Spargitque  Mubres 

**  Ambrofiaj  fuccos  et  odoriferam  panaceam." 
And  Thetis  pours  in  ne6tar  to  preferve  the  body  of  PatrocIuSj 
from  corruption,  Horn.  //.  a.  38. 

"Zru^t  K«7«  fiiuv,  I'vx  oi  xi^i  £//.7r6^6;  si'»i.      UPTOJT-i 


400         THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.     BOOK  III. 

XLI. 

Tlio,  Avhon  the  lilly-lianded  Liagore 

(This  Liagore  whilome  had  learned  fkill 
In  leaches  craft,  by  great  Apolloes  lore, 
Sith  her  whilome  upon  high  Pindus  hill 
He  loved,  and  at  lalt  her  vvombe  did  fill 
AVith    hevenly    feed,    whereof  wife    Pa^on 

fprong,) 
Did  feele  his  pulfe,  fliee  knew  there  itaied  dill 
Some  litle  life  his  feeble  fprites  emong ; 

Which  to  his  mother  told,  defpeyre  flie  from 

her  flong. 

XLir. 
Tho,  up  him  taking  in  their  tender  hands, 
They  eafely  unto  her  charett  beare : 
Her  teme  at  her  commaundement  quiet  (lands, 
Whiles  they  the  corfe  into  her  wagon  reare,' 
And  flrowe  with  flowres  the  lamentable  beare : 
Then  all  the  reft  into  their  coches  chm. 
And  through  the  brackilh  waves  their  paflage 
fheare ; 

XLI.  1,  Tho,  when  the  lilly-handed  Liagore  &c.]  Lilli/- 
handed,  Mvku/Tmvo^.  Liagore  was  one  of  the  daughters  of  Ne- 
reus,  according  to  Hefiod,  Qtoy.  ver.  257.  But  this  mytho- 
logy is  partly  our  poet's  own,  and  partly  borrowed  from 
the  ftory  of  Apollo's  ravifhing  Oenone,  and  teaching  her  the 
fecrets  and  ufes  of  medicinal  herbs.  He  fays  Pason  was  born 
of  Liagore  and  Apollo.  Paeon  was  phyfician  of  the  gods,  and 
is  mentioned  in  Homer,  II.  /,  401,  and  900.     Upton. 

XLH.  1.  Tho,  up  him  taking]  So  Spenfer's  own  editions, 
and  that  of  1751.     The  folios  and  Hughes  read, 

"  Tho  ki7n  up  taking  — " 
See  F.  Q.  i.  ii.  45.     Church, 


CAXTO  IV.    THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  401 

Upon  great  Neptunes  necke  they  foftly  fwim, 
And  to  her  watry  chamber  i'witlly  carry  him. 

XLIII. 

Deepe  in  the  bottome  of  the  fea,  her  bowre 
Is  built  of  hollow  billowes  heaped  hye, 
Like  to  thicke  clouds  that  threat  a  ftormy 

fliowre, 
And  vauted  all  within  like  to  the  ikye, 
In  which  the  gods  doe  dwell  eternally ; 
There   they  him  laide    in    eafy  couch  well 

dight; 
And  fent  in  hafle  for  Tryphon,  to  apply 
Salves  to  his  wounds,  and  medicines  of  might : 
For  Tryphon  of  fea-gods  the  foveraine  leach  is 

hie^ht. 


XLII.  8.  Upon  great  Neptunes  necke]  So  all  the  editions, 
except  Hughes's  fecond  edition,  which  reads  back,  as  in  ft.  32. 
Quaere,  might  it  not  be /»tffA'e  ?     Church. 

XLIII.  1.  Deepe  in  the  bottome  of  the  fea,  her  boxcre  &:c.] 
Cymoent's  chamber  or  fecret  feat  was  in  the  bottom  of  the  fea, 
f»  iS/vSiao-nr  aXo?,  as  that  of  Thetis  is  defcribed  in  Homer,  //.  a . 
35.  And  built  of  hollow  billozces  heaped  hyc,  as  in  Horn.  Od.  >^. 
242. 

Tlop^vfeov  0  Up*  KVjACt  istft^u^ri,   hfti  ttrov, 
Ki^pTf  Gee,  xpij/i*  T£  Siov,  BvYirriii  T£  yvvoiniX. 

Or  as  Virgil  has  tranflated  it,  Georg.  iv.  36l. 

"  Curvata  in  montis  faciem  circumftetit  unda." 
Such  too  is  the  ftrange  bower  of  the  wizard  mentioned  in  Taffo, 
C.  xiv.  37.     Uptox. 

.  XLIII.  9-  For  Tryphon  of  fea-gods  the  foi'eraine  leach  is 
hight.]  Tryphon  is  a  name  well  known.  But  how  one  of  fuch 
a  name  came  ever  to  hefurgeon  of  the  fea-gods,  Spenfer  only 
could  tell  us,  who  had  the  information  from  his  own  Mufe. 
This  ftory,  which  breaks  off  at  ft.  4-4,  he  refumes,  F.  Q.  iv. 
xi.  6.    Upton. 

VOL.  IV.  D  d 


403  THE    FAERIE    QUEENE.  BOOK  III. 

XI. IV. 

Tlie  whiles   the   iiympb.es    Titt    all  about    him 

rownd, 
Lamenting  his  mifliap  and  heavy  plight ; 
And  ofte  his  mother,  veuing  his  wide  wownd, 
Curled  the  hand  that  did  lb  deadlv  imi<>ht 
Her  deareft  fonne,  her  deareft  harts  delight : 
But  none  of  all  thole  curfes  overtooke 
The  warlike   Maide,    th'   eniample   of  that 

mioht ; 
13ut  tliyrely  well  fliee  thryvd,   and  well  did 

brooke 

Her  noble  deedes,  iie  her  right  courfe  for  ought 

forfooke. 

XLV. 

Yet  did  falfe  x\rchimage  her  fiill  purfew, 
'I'o  bring  to  pafle  his  mifchievous  intent, 
Now  that  he  had  her  liiigled  from  the  crew 
Of  courteous  Knights,  the  Prince  and  Farv 

gent, 
AVhom  late  in  chace  of  Beauty  excellent 
Shee  lefte,  purfewing  that  fame  fofter  ftrong  ; 
Of  whofe  fowle  outrage  they  impatient, 


XLIV.  8. and  tvcll  did  brooke 

Tier  noble  deedes,]     And  well  did   bear,  endure, 
'digejl,  her  noble  deeds.     Upton. 

Brook,  digeft.  Lat.  digcrere.  Junius. — The  fenfe  feems  to  be, 
She  well  digelied  her  nuble  deeds,  that  is,  they  lat  eaiy  on 
hermind  ;  liie  had  cfone  nothing  to  repiaach  heii'elf  withal. 

CHUiien. 


CANTO  IV.  THE  FAERIK  QUEENE.  403 

And  full  of  firy  zele,  him  followed  Ions:, 
To  reikew  her  from  Ihame,  and  to  revenge  her 

wrong. 

XLVI. 
Through  thick  and  thin,  through  mountains  and 
through  playns, 
Thofe  twogreat  Champions  did  attoncepurfew 
The  fearefull  Damzell  with  Inceflant  payns ; 
Who  from  them  fled,  as  light-foot  hare  from 

vew 
Of  hunter  fwifte  and  fent  of  howndiis  trew. 
At  la(t  they  came  unto  a  double  way  ; 
Where,  doubtfull  w  hich  to  take,  her  to  refkew^ 
Themfelves  they  did  difpart,  each  to  aflay 
Whether  more  happy  were  to  win  fo  goodly 

pray. 

XLVII. 
But  Timias,  the  Princes  gentle  Squyre, 
That  Ladies  love  unto  his  Lord  forlent. 
And  with  proud  envy  and  indignant  yre 
After  that  wicked  fofter  fiercely  went : 

XLVT,  .5.     hunter}     So  Spenfer's  own   editions  read, 

which  thofe  of  1751,  and  of  Mr.  Church,  follow.     The  reft 
read  hunters.     Todd. 

XL\TI.  1.     But  Timias,  the  Princes  gentle  Squyre, 

That  Ladies  love  unto  his  Lord  forlent,]  But 
Timias,  the  Squire  of  Prince  Arthur,  had  given  up,  before  lent, 
tha,t  Lady  uutQ  his  Lord.     It  Ihould  be  xXifUQioxQjoreknt. 

Upton. 
Perhaps /brfoi^  nnieans  left :  And  then  the  fenfe  is.  Left  his 
Lord  to  take  care  of  that  Lady.     Sea /orient,  F.  Q.  iv.  iii.  6\ 

CiiuacH. 

D  d2 


404  THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  BOOK  III. 

So   beene   they  Three   three   fondry  wayes 

ybent : 
But  tayreft  fortune  to  the  Prince  befell ; 
,     AVliofe   chaunce  it  was,    that  foone  he  did 
repent, 
To  take  that  way  in  which  that  Daniozell 
^Vas  tledd  afore,  alfraid  of  him  as  feend  of  hell. 

XLVIII. 

At  laft  of  her  far  off  he  gained  vew. 

Then  gan  he  freQily  pricke  his  fomy  Iteed, 
And  ever  as  he  nigher  to  her  drew, 
So  evermore  he  did  increafe  his  fpeed, 

'     And  of  each  turning  (till  kept  wary  heed : 
Alowd  to  her  he  oftentimes  did  call 
To  doe  away  vaine  doubt  and  needleffe  dreed  : 
Full  myld  to  her  he  fpake,  and  oft  let  fall 

Many  meeke  wordes  to  ftay  and  comfort  her 

withall. 

XLIX. 
But  nothing  might  relent  her  hafty  flight ; 

So  deepe  the  deadly  feare  of  that  foule  fwaine 
.    Was  earft  impreffed  in  her  gentle  fpright : 
Like  as  a  fearefuU  dove,  which  through  the 
raine 

XLVII,  6.  But  fayrcfi  fortune  &c.]  The  poet  means  that 
the  Prince  was  fofar  the  luckieft  of  the  Three  as  to  taie  that 
iiai/,  (Xc.     CiiUKCii. 

XLIX.  1. relent]     Slacken  or  remit. 

See  the  note  on  relent,   F.  Q.  vi.  v.  10.     Todd. 

•XLIX.  4.     Like  as  ajmnfull  dove,  &c.]     This  fimile  is  fre- 


CANTO   IV.  THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  405 

Of  the  wide  ayre  her  way  does  cut  amaine 
Having  farre  off  efpyde  a  taflell  gent, 
AVhicli    after   her   his   nimble  winges  doth 

ftraine, 
Doubleth  her  haft  for  feare  to  bee  for-hent, 
And  with  her  pineons  cleaves  the  liquid  firma- 
ment. 

L. 
With  no  lefte  haft,  and  eke  with  no  lefte  dreed, 
That  fearefull  Ladie  fledd  from  him  that  ment 
To  her  no  evill  thought  nor  evill  deed ; 
Yet  former  feare  of  being  fowly  flient 
Carried  her  forward  with  her  firft  intent : 
And  though,  oft  looking  backward,  well  ftie 
vewde 


quently  to  be  found  in  the  poets.  See  Ovid,  3Iet.  i.  506, 
V.  605.     Compare  Pope's  IVindfor  Foreji,  v.  1S5.     Upton. 

XLIX.  4. raine]     Region.     Church. 

XLIX.  6. a  talTell  gent,]     Tafell  is  the 

male  of  the  gofshawk.  It  fliould  be  written  tercel  or  tiercel , 
from  the  Italian,  terzuolo  ;  which  name  it  is  faid  to  have  ob- 
tained, becaufe  it  is  a  tierce  or  third  lefs  than  the  female.  See 
ISIr.  Steevens's  note  on  Romeo  and  Jvlict,  A.  ii.  S.  ii. 

"  O,  for  a  falconer's  voice, 

"  To  lure  this  tqlJcll-gentle  back  again  !" 
See  alfo  Delia  Crufca  Did.  in  v.  Terzuolo.  This  fpecies  of  hawk 
was  called  gentle,  according  to  Mr.  Steevens,  on  account  of  the 
eafe  with  which  it  was  tamed,  and  of  its  attachment  to  man. 
They  were  certainly  fo  called  to  diftinguiih  them  from  other 
iaj'els.  Thus,  in  The  Difpiai/  of  Vaine  Life,  4to.  1594-.  p.  24.. 
"  Bid  the  faulconer  bring  hither  the  Barbaric  taff'ell ;  my 
maifter  will  fee  her  flie."     Todd. 

XLIX.  8. for-hent,]    So  Spenfer's 

own  editions  read ;  but  the  folios,  Jbre-hent,  which  is  right ; 
that  is,  tah'n  before Jhe  can  efcape.      Upton. 

D  d  3 


40(T  THE  FAERIE  QUfiENE.  BOOK   III. 

Kcrfelfe  freed  from  that  fofter  infolent, 
And  that  it  was  a  Knight  which  now  her 
fewde, 
Yet  Ihe  no  lefle  the  Knight  feard   then  that 

Villein  rude. 

LI. 
His  uncouth  fliield  and  ftraunge  armes  her  dif- 
nrayd, 
A\  hofe  like  in  Faery  Lond  were  feldom  feene  ; 
That  fail  fhe  from  him  fledd,  no  leflb  afrayd 

ft/ 

Then  of  wilde  heaftes  if  fhe  had  chafed  beene  : 

Yet  he  her  followd  ftill  with  corajre  keene 

So  long,  that  now  the  golden  Hefperus 

A\  as  mounted  high  in  top  of  heaven  fheene, 

And  warnd  his  other  brethren  ioyeous 

To  light  their  blefled  lamps  in  loves  eternall 

hous. 

LI  I. 

All  fuddeinly  dim  wox  the  dampilh  ay  re, 
And  grieily  fliadowes  covered  heaven  bright, 
That  now  with  thoufand  ftarres  was  decked 
fay  re : 

L.  8. xc/iich  mnc  her  fewde,]     Which  now 

purfuccl  her.     Vr.J'iiirre.     So  Chaucer,  Ron?.  R.  4^52. 

"  And  made  hem  olt  arniHe  to  doe, 

"  Andjbi^iii  evill  companie, 

"  And  riot  and  advoutcrie." 
Spenfer  often  uiesfew  or  fue  in  this  fenfe.     Modern  times  have 
ronfigned    the  word    to   a   profeflion,   the  members   of  which 
lirten  not  even  to  the  ftrains  of  Orpheus  when  their  intentions 
are  fixed  on  fuiiig!     Todd. 

LI.  1.     ///a- uncouth y«?cW]     For  it  was  covered  with  a  veil. 
See  F.  Q.  i.  vii.  33.     Ui'ton. 


€AXTO   IV.        THE   FAERIF.  QUEFXE.  407 

Which  when  the  Prince  beheld,  a  lothtull 

fight, 

And  that  perforce,  for  want  of  lenger  hght, 

He  mote  furceaffe  his  fuit  and  lofe  the  hope 

Of  his  long  labour ;  he  gan  fowly  wyte 

His  wicked  fortune  that  had  turnd  ailope, 

And  curfed  Night  that  reft  from  him  fo  goodly 

fcope. 

LI  1 1. 

Tho,  when  her  wayes  he  could  no  more  defcry. 
But  to  and  fro  at  difaveiUure  Itrayd ; 
Like  as  a  fljip,  whofe  lodeftar  ibddeinly 
Covered  with  clouds  her  pilott  hath  dii'mayd  ; 
His  wearifome  purfuit  perforce  he  ftayd. 
And  from  his  loftie  fteed  difmounting  low 
Did  let  him  forage :  downe  himfelfe  he  layd 
Upon  the  grafly  ground  to  fleepe  a  throw ; 

The  cold  earth  was  his  couch,  the  hard  fteele 

his  pillow. 

LIV. 
But  gentle  Sleepe  envyde  him  any  reft ; 
Inftead  thereof  fad  forow  and  difdaine 
Of  his  hard  hap  did  vexe  his  noble  breft, 
And  thoufand  Fancies  bett  his  ydle  bra3^ne 

LII.  p. fo  goodli/ /cope.]     So  fair  a 

profped.     Church. 

LIII.  8. :j o  throw;]     A  Jit  or  i 

/pace,  a  little  while.     So  Chaucer,  ji.  57.  ed   Urr. 
"  Now  let  us  Itint  of  Conftance  but  a  throw." 
Again,  p.  283. 

"  Now  let  us  ftinte  of  Troilus  a  f/zroite."     Church. 

D  d  4 


408  THE  FAERIE  QUEEXE.  BOOK   III. 

With  their  light  wings,  the  fights  of  femhlaiits 

vaine : 
Oft  did  he  wiih  that  Lady  fiire  mote  bee 
His  Faery  Queene,  for  whom  he  did  com- 

plaine ; 
Or  that  his  Faery  Queene  were  fuch  as  Ihee  : 
And  ever  haftv  Ni2:ht  he  blamed  bitterlie : 

LV. 

"  Night !  thou  foule  mother  of  annoyaunce  fad, 
Sifter  of  heavie  Death,  and  nourfe  of  A)  oe, ' 
AVhich  waft  begot  in  heaven,  but  for  thy  bad 
And  brutifh  fliape  thruft  downe  to  hell  below, 
AVhere,  by  the  grim  floud  of  Cocytus  flow, 
Thy  dwelling  is  in  Herebus  black  hous, 
(Black  Herebus,  thy  hufband,  is  the  foe 
Of  all  the  gods,)  where  thou  ungratious 

Halfe   of    thy    dayes    doeft   lead    in    horrour 

hideous ; 

LVI. 
"  What  had  th'  Eternall  Maker  need  of  thee 
The  world  in  his  continuall  courle  to  keepe. 
That  doeft  all  thinges  deface,  ne  letteft  fee 
The  beautie  of  his  worke  ?  Indeed  in  (Icepe 
The  flouthfull  body  that  doth  love  to  Iteepe 
His  luftlefle   limbes,  and  drowne  his  bafer 

mind. 
Doth  praife  thee  oft,  and  oft  from  Stygian 

deepe 
Calles  thee  his  goddefle,  in  his  errour  blind, 


CANTO  IV.  THE  FAERIE  QUEENE'  40^ 

And  great  dame  Natures  handmaide  chearing 

every  kind 

LVII. 

"  But  well  I  wote  that  to  an  heavy  hart 

Thou  art  the  roote  and  nourfe  of  bitter  cares, 
Breeder  of  new,  renewer  of  old  fmarts : 
Inftead  of  reft  thou  lendeft  rayhng  teares  ; 
Inftead  of  fleepe  thou  fendeft  troublous  feares 
And  dreadfuU  vifions,  in  the  which  alive 
The  dreary  image  of  fad  Death  appeares : 
So  from  the  wearie  fpirit  thou  doeft  drive 

Deli  red  reft,  and  men  of  happinefte  deprive. 

LVIII. 

*'  Under  thy  mantle  black  there  hidden  lye 
Light- llionning  Thefte,  and  traiterous  Intent, 
Abhorred  Bloodllied,  and  vile  Felony, 
ShamefuU  Deceipt,  and  Daunger  imminent, 
Fowle  Horror,  and  eke  helliili  Dreriment : 
All  thefe  I  wote  in  thy  prote6lion  bee, 
And  light  doe  Ihonne,  for  feare  of  being  Ihent: 
For  light  3^1  ike  is  loth'd  of  them  and  thee ; 

And  all,  that  lewdnelle  love,  doe  hate  the  light 
to  fee. 


LVII.  4-, rayling  ^corM  ;]     Tears 

trickling  doxcn.     See  the  note  on  raile,  F.  Q.  i.  vi.  43.     Todd. 

LVIII.  8.  For  light  ylikc  is  lotlid  \c. ]  This  is  taken  from 
John  iii.  19.  "  And  this  is  the  condemnation,  that  light  is 
come  into  the  world,  and  men  loved  darknefs  rather  than 
ligiit,  becaufe  their  deeds  were  evil.  For  every  one  that  doeth 
evil  hateth  the  light,  neither  cometh  to  the  light,  left  his  deeds 
fliould  be  reproved,  &c."     Todd. 


(( 


410  THE  FAERIE  QUEEXE.  BOOK   III. 

LIX. 

"  For  Day  difcovers  all  diilioncfl  wayes. 
And  Ihcweth  each  thing  as  it  is  in  deed  : 
The  prayles  of  High  God  he  faire  difplayes. 
And  His  large  boinitie  rightly  doth  areed : 
J)ayes  dearelt  children  be  the  bleiled  feed 
AV  hich  Darknelle  Ihall  fubdue  and  heaven 

win : 
Truth  is  his  daughter ;  he  her  firft  did  breed 
Moft  facred  Virgin  without  fpot  of  iinne  : 
Our  life  is  day;  but  death  with  darknefie  doth 

begin. 

LX. 
O,  when  will  Day  then  turne  to  me  againe, 
And  bring  with  him  his  long-expe6Led  light ! 
()  Titan  !  haft  to  reare  thy  ioyous  waine ; 
Speed  thee  to  fpred  abroad  thy  beames  bright, 
And  chace  away  this  too  long  lingring  Night ; 
Chace  her  away,  from  whence  flie  came,  to 

hell : 
She,  flie  it  is,  that  hath  me  done  defpight : 

LIX.  5.  J)tf;/.«  flcarcj}  children  I've.]  This  is  the  emcndatiorj 
of  the  fecond  edition,  to  which  every  fubl'equc.nt  one  has  ad- 
hered.    The  firft  reads, 

"  The  children  of  Day  be  &c."     Todd. 

LIX.  6\  Which  Darhnr^'e  Jhall  fvbduc  ta.c.'l  Zoroafter,  the 
magian,  (as  Plutarch  tells  us  in  Ijts  and  Ojiris,)  called  the 
good  priufiplc  Orouiazes,  and  faid  it  rcfembled  light;  and  the 
evil  ])rmciple  Arimanius,  which  relenibled  darknel's.  Oromazes 
begat  fix  deities,  one  of  which  was  Truth  :  Truth  is  hii 
(laughter.  Arimanius  produced  as  many  of  quite  contrary  at- 
tributes. But  in  the  end  Good  fiiall  be  all  in  all,  and  Ari- 
manius with  his  wicked  oilspring  dt  llroycd.     Upton. 


CANTO   IV.         THE  TAERIE  QUEENE.  411  ' 

There  let  her  with  the  damned  fpirits  dwell, 
And  yield  her  rowme  to  Day,  that  can  it  governs 

well." 

LXT. 
Thus  did  the  Prince  that  v.earie  night  outweare 
In  reftlefie  anguiih  and  unquiet  paine ; 
And  earelv,  ere  the  Morrow  did  upreare 
His  deawj  head  out  of  the  ocean  maine, 
He  up  arofe,  as  halfe  in  great  difdaine, 
And  clombe  unto  his  fteed  :  So  forth  he  went 
AVith   heavy  looke  and   lunipiili  pace,    that 

plaine 
In  him  bewraid  great  grudge  and  maltalent : 
His  fteed  eke  feemd  t'  apply  his  fteps  to  his 
intent^ 

LXI.  S. maltalent :]      IlZ-n-'dl,  or 

fplcen.     So  Sorrow  is  del'cribed  tearing  her  hair,  in  Chaucer's 
liom.  R.  330. 

"  As  flie  that  had  it  all  to  rent 

"  For  angre  and  for  male  talent." 
So  malenthalente,  in  old  French,  fignifies  an  ill-minded  ferfon. 
See  Cotgrave's  Did.   in  V,     Todd. 


412  THE  I-AEUI>'    iUEENE.  BOOK   III. 


CANTO    V. 

Prince  ArtJiur  hears  of  Flor'imell : 

Three  jo  fiers  Timias  wound  ; 
Belphcebe  Ji?idcs  him  almojl  dead, 

A7id  rearcth  out  of  ficouiid. 

I. 

"WONDER  it  is  to  fee  in  diverfe  mindes 
How  diverfly  Love  doth  his  pageaunts  play. 
And  lliewes  his  powre  in  variable  kindes : 
The  bafer  Avit,  vvhofe  ydle  thoughts  ahvay 
Are  M'ont  to  cleave  unto  the  lowly  clay, 
It  ftirreth  up  to  fenfuall  deli  re, 
And  in  lewd  flouth  to  waft  his  carelefle  day ; 
But  in  brave  fprite  it  kindles  goodly  fire, 

That  to  all  high  defert  and  honour  doth  afpire. 

II. 

Ne  fufFereth  it  uncomely  Idleneffe 

In  his  free  thought  to  build  her  fluggifh  neft; 
Ne  fufFereth  it  thought  of  ungentlenefTe 
Ever  to  creepe  into  his  noble  breft ; 
But  to  the  higheft  and  the  worthieft 

I.  2.     Love  doth  his  pageaunts  play,']     See  the 

frequent  allufions  of  Spenfer  to  pagecnts,  or  alkgorkal  repre- 

fcntafions,  in   the  preliminary  ElVay  on  his  Allegorical  Cha- 
racter.    Todd. 

II.  1.      A'e  fuffcreth  it  &c.]      See   the   note  on  Spenfer'* 
llijmn  of  Lvve,  ft.  28.     Todd. 


CANTO  V.  THE  FAERIE  QUEEXE.  413 

Lifteth  it  up  that  els  would  lowly  fall : 

It  lettes  not  fall,  it  lettes  it  not  to  rell ; 

It  lettes  not  fcarfe    this  Prince   to  breath 

at  all, 

But  to  his  firft  pourfuit  him  forward  ftill  doth 

call : 

III. 

Who  long  time  \vandred  through  the  forefl  wyde 
To  finde  fome  iflue  thence ;  till  that  at  lad 
He  met  a  Dwarfe  that  feemed  terrify de 

.     With  fome  late  perill  which  he  hardly  pafl, 
Or  ather  accident  which  him  aghaft ; 
Of  whom  he  aiked,  whence  he  lately  came, 
And  whether  now  he  traveiled  fo  fall : 
For  fore  he  fwat,  and,  ronning  through  that 
fame 

Thicke  foreft,  was  befcracht  and  both  his  feet 
nigh  lame. 

IV. 

Panting  for  breath,  and  almoft  out  of  hart, 
The  Dwarfe  him  anfwerd ;  "  Sir,  ill  mote 

I  flay 
To  tell  the  fame :  I  lately  did  depart 
From  Faery  Court,  where  I  have  many  a  day 

"II.  9.     But  to  hisjirjl  pourfuit  Sec]     See  F.  Q.  i.  ix.  14,  15. 

Uptov. 

III.  2. till  that  at  /«/?]     The  folios  and 

Hughes  read,  "  till  at  the  laft."     Church. 

III.  3.  He  met  a  Divarfe]  Who  this  was,  fee  F..Q.  v.  ii. 
2,  3.     Upton. 


414<  THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  BOOK   III. 

Served  a  gentle  Lady  of  great  fway 

And  high  acccnipt  throughout  all  Elfin  Land, 

W  ho  lately   left   the   fame,  and    tooke  this 

way : 

Her  now  I  feeke  ;  and  if  ye  underftand 

"Which  way  flie  fared  hath,  good  Sir,  tell  out  of 

hand." 

V. 

*'  What  mifter  wight,"  faide   he,   "   and  how 
arayd  ?" 
"  Royally  clad,"  quoth  he,  "in  cloth  of  gold, 
As  meeteil  may  befeeme  a  noble  mayd ; 
Her  faire  lockes  in  rich  circlet  be  enrold, 
A  fayrer  wight  did  never  funne  behold ; 
And  on  a  palfrey  rydes  more  white  then  fnow, 
Yet  flie  herfelfe  is  whiter  manifold ; 
The  fureft  iigne,  whereby  ye  may  her  know, 

Is,  that  (lie  is  the  faireit  wight  ali\  e,  1  trow." 

VI. 

**  Now  certes,  Swaine,"  faide  he,  "  fuch  one. 
I  weene, 
Faft  flying  through  this  forefl.  from  her  fo, 
A  foule  ill-favoured  fofter,  T  have  feene ; 
Herfelfe,  well  as  I  might,  I  reikewd  tho, 
But  could  not  flay ;  fo  faft  flie  did  foregoe, 
Carried  away  with  wings  of  fpeedy  feare." 


VI.  5.    -^ fiay  ;]  .  Slop  or  catc/i.     So,  in  il.  08; 

Jla)/d,  i.  e.  ftopt  or  caught.     Cnuucu. 


CANTO  V.     THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  415 

"Ah!  deareft  God,"   quoth   he,   "   that  is 

great  woe. 
And  wondrous  ruth  to  all  that  (liall  it  heare: 
But  can  ye  read.  Sir,  how  I  may  her  linde,  or 

where  ?" 

VII. 
"  Perdy  me  lever  were  to  weeten  that," 

Saide    he,    "   then   ranlbme   of  the    richeft 

Knight, 
Or  all  the  good  that  ever  yet  I  gat : 
But  froward  fortune,  and  too  forward  niglitj 
Such  happineile  did,  maulgre,  to  me  fpight. 
And  fro  me  reft  both  life  and  liglit  attone. 
But,  Dwarfe,  aread  what  is  that  Lady  bright  . 
That   through   this    for  reft   wandreth    thus 
alone ; 
For  of  her  errour  ftraunge  I  have  great  ruth 
and  mone/' 

VIII. 

*'  That  Ladie  is,"  quoth  he,  "  wherefo  fhe  bee, 

The  bounfcieft  Virgin  and  moft  debonaire 

VII.  4. too  forxvard  Nigki]     The   Night 

coming  on  too  faft.     Church. 

VII,  5.     ' maulgre,]     See   Dr.  Jortin's  note 

on  "  matigre  her  fpight,"  F.  Q.  ii.  v.  12.  ]Mr.  Upton,  in  his 
GlofTary,  interprets  maulgre  by  the  following  paraplirafe  of  this 
line  :  "  Such  happinelle  did  maulgre  to  me  fpight,"  that  is, 
Did  fpight  to  me  much  againft  my  will.  But,  by  Spenfer's 
pointing  of  the  palTage,  as  I  have  printed  it,  I  ihould  imagine 
maulgre  to  be  an  adverb  of  imprecalion,  Curfe  on  it.     Todd. 

VII.  g.  For  of  her  errour  Jlraunge  &c.]  That  is,  For  I  am 
greatly  concerned  that  fhe  flionid  wander  in  fuch  a  manner. 
■Errour,  Lat.:  error,  wandering.     Chuhch. 


4l5         THE  FAERIE  QUEEXE.    BOOK  III. 

That  e^'cr  living  eye,  I  weene,  did  fee  : 
Lives  none  this  day  that  ma}-  with  her  com- 
pare 
In  ftedfaft  chaititie  and  vertue  rare, 
The  goodly  ornaments  of  beauty  bright ; 
And  is  ycleped  Florimell  the  fay  re, 
Faire  Florimell  belov'd  of  many  a  Knight, 
Yet  (lie  loves  none  but  one,   that  Marinell  is 

hight ; 

IX. 

"  A  Sea-nymphes  fonne,  that  Marinell  is  hight, 
Of  my  deare  Dame  is  loved  dearely  well; 
In  other  none,  but  him,  flie  fets  delight ; 
All  her  delight  is  fet  on  INIarinell ; 
But  he  fets  nought  at  all  by  Florimell : 
For  Ladies  love  his  mother  long  ygoe 
Did  him,  they  fay,  forwarne  through  facred 

fpell : 
But  fame  now  flies,  that  of  a  forreine  foe 

lie  isyflaine,  which  is  the  ground  of  all  our  woe. 

X. 

'*  Five  daies  there  be  fince  he  (they  fay)  was 
flaine. 
And  fowre  fmce  Florimell  the  Court  forwent, 
And  vowed  never  to  returne  ai^aine 


o 


IX.  7.     Did  him,  they  fmj,   forwarne]     It  fliould  be  fore- 
itarne.     See  F.  Q.  iii.  iv.  25.     So  juft  below, 

"  And  fowre  fince  Florimell  the  conxi  J  or  it:  ent :" 
It  fliould  have  been  forewent,  i.  e.  did  forego.     Upton. 


(( 


CANTO  V.  THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  417 

Till  him  alive  or  dead  (lie  did  invent. 
Therefore,  faire  Sir,   for  love  of  knighthood 

gent 
And  honour  of  trew  Ladies,  if  ye  may 
By  your  good  counfell,  or  bold  hardiment, 
Or  fuccour  her,  or  me  dire6l  the  way, 
Do  one  or  other  good,   I  you  moft  humbly 

pray : 

XI. 
So  may  ye  gaine  to  you  full  great  renowm^ 
Of  all  good  Ladies  through  the  vvorlde  fo 

wide, 
And  haply  in  her  hart  finde  higheft  rowme 
Of  whom  ye  feeke  to  be  mod  magnifide  ! 
At  lead  eternall  meede  fhall  you  abide." 
To  whom  the  Prince ;  "  Dwarfe,  comfort  to 

thee  take ; 
For,  till  thou  tidings  learne  what  her  betide, 


X.  4.     invent.]     Find.     A  Latinifm, 

invefiio.     See  alio  F.  Q.  v.  xi.  50.     Todd. 

XI.  1.  So  may  ye  gaine  ix.cJ\  The  fecond  edition  and  tlie 
folios  read,  "  So  may  you  gain  &c."  But  'tis  wrong.  The 
firft  edition  reads  as  it  fhould  be : 

"  So  may  ye  gaine  to  you — " 
I  thought  it  not  improper  to  notice  that  ye  fliould  be  ufed  ia 
the  nominative  cafe,  and  you  in  oblique  cafes.  But  our  poet 
does  not  follow  this  rule  fo  ftridl  as  he  ought.  Where  I  can 
therefore  lay  the  fault  on  the  printers  and  editors,  I  remove 
this  confufion  from  the  context.  The  tranflators  of  the  Bible 
are  very  corredt  in  this  diftindtion  of  ye  and  you,  and  I  wifh 
others  would  follow  their  example.      Upton. 

Hughes,  as  alfo  the  editions  of  1731,  and  of  Tonfon  in  1758, 
read  likewife  improperly,  "  So  may  3^ou  gain  &c."    Todd. 

VOL.  IV.  E  e 


413  THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.      BOOK  III. 

I  here  avow  tbee  never  to  forfake : 

111   weares  he  armes,  that  iiill   them    ufe    for 

Ladies-  lake." 

XII, 

So  with  the  Dwarfe  he  back  retourn'd  againe, 
To  feeke  his  Lady,  where  lie  mote  her  flnde  ; 
But  by  the  way  he  greatly  g-an  complaine 
The  want  of  his  good  Squire  late  left  behinde. 
For    whom    he  wondrous    penlive    grew    in 

minde. 
For  doubt  of  daunger  which  mote  him  betide; 
For  him  he  loved  above  all  mankiiide. 
Having  him  trew  and  faithful!  ever  tride, 
And   bold,   as    ever   Squyre    that   waited   by 

Knights  fide : 

XII  I. 
Who  all  this  while  full  hardly  was  aflayd 
Of  deadly  daunger  which  to  him  betidd : 
For,  whiles  his    Lord   purfewd   that   noble 

Mayd, 
After  that  fofter  fowle  he  fiercely  ridd 
To  bene  avenged  of  the  fhame  he  did 
To  that  faire  Damzell  :   Him  he  chaced  long 
Through  the  thicke  woods  wherein  he  m  ould 

have  hid 

XII-  4.     The  want  of  his  good  Squire]     See  F.  Q.  iii.  iv.  47. 

Upton. 
XII.  6.     Fw  doubt]     Fear,     So,  in  Bevis  of  Hamptoti  : 

*■  A  wilde  bore  was  there  about ; 

"  All  men  of  him  had  great  doubt."    Todd. 


.  J    ♦ 


CANTO  V.  THE  FAERIE  QUEF.NE.  410 

His   (liamefuU   head    from  his   aven2:ement 


o 


ftrong, 


And  oft  him  threatned  death  for  his  outrageous 


wrong. 

XIV. 


Nathlefle  the  villein  fped  himfelfe  fo  well, 
Whether  through    fwiftneife  of  his  fpeedie 

beaft, 
Or  knowledge  of  thofe  woods  where  he  did 

dwell, 
That  fliortly  he  from  daunger  was  releaft, 
And  out  of  fight  efcaped  at  the  leaft ; 
Yet  not  efcaped  from  the  dew  reward 
Of  his  bad  deedes,  which  daily  he  increaft, 
Ne  ceafed  not,  till  him  opprefled  hard 

The  heavie  plague  that  for  fuch  leachours  is 

prepard. 

XV. 
For,  foone  as  he  was  vaniflit  out  of  fight. 
His  coward  courage  gan  emboldned  bee. 
And  caft  t'  avenge  him  of  that  fowle  defpight 
Which  he  had  borne  of  his  bold  enimee : 
Tho   to  his   brethren  came,  (for  they  were 

three 
Ungratious  children  of  one  graceleffe  fyre,) 

XIV.  2. Ills  fpeedie  beajl,]     The  poet,  I 

think,  has  forgot  bimfelf.     See  C.  i.  ft.  17-     Church. 

XV.  5. For  they  xicre  three 

Ungratious  children  of  one  gracelej'e  fyre,]     Perhaps 
alluding  to  the  threefold  diftindion  of  luftful  defue,  v/z.  the  lurt 

E  e  2 


420  THE  FAEUIE  QUEENE.  BOOK  III. 

And  unto  them  complayned  how  that  he 
Had  ul'ed  beene  of  that  foole-hardie  Squ yre  : 
So  them  with  bitter  words  he  flird  to  bloodieyre. 

XVI. 

Forthwith  themfehes  with  their  fad  inftruments 
Of  I'poyle  and  murder  they  gan  arme  byhve, 
And  with  him  foorth  into  the  forreft  went 
To  wreake   the  wrath,  which   he    did  earft 

revive 
In  there  fterne  brefts,  on  him  which  late  did 

drive 
Their    brother   to    reproch     and    fliamefull 

flio-ht : 
For  they  had  vow'd  that  never  he  alive 
Out  of  that  foreft  fliould  efcape  their  might; 
Vile  rancour  their  rude  harts  had  fild  with  fuch 

defplght. 

XVII. 

Within  that  wood  there  was  a  covert  glade, 
Forebv  a  narrow  foord,  to  them  well  knowne. 
Through  which  it  was  uneath  for  wight  to 

wade ; 
And  now  by  fortune  it  was  overflowne  : 
By  that  fame  way  they  knew  that  Squyre  un- 

knowne 

of  the  eye,  the  luft  of  the  ear,  and  the  luft  of  the  flefh  :  "  Mu- 
lier  vifa,  audita,  tada."     L'PTOV, 

XVII.  3. -jrtrfe;]      Correfted  from 

the  Errata,  and  followed  by  all  the  editions.     The  firft  reads 
made.     C'HURCif. 


CANTO  V.  THE   FAERIE  QUEENE.  421 

Mote  algates  pafle  ;  forthy  themfelves  they  fet 
There    in    await  with    thicke   Moods    ovei- 

growne, 
And  all  the  while  their  malice  they  did  whet 
With  cruell   threats   his  palHage    through   the 

ford  to  let. 

XVIII. 
It  fortuned,  as  they  devized  had, 

The  gentle  Squyre  came  ryding  that  fame 

way, 
Unweeting  of  their  wile  and  treafon  bad. 
And  through  the  ford  to  paflen  did  aflay  ; 
But  that  fierce  folter,  which  late  fled  away. 
Stoutly  foorth  ftepping  on  the  further  iliore, 
Him  boldly  bad  his  paffage  there  to  ilay. 
Till  he  had  made  amends,  and  full  reltore 
For  all  the  damage  which  he  had  him  doen 
afore. 

XIX. 
With  that,  at  him  a  quivering  dart  he  threw 
W  ith  fo  fell  force,  and  villeinous  defpite. 
That  through  his  haberieon  the  forkehead 

flew^ 
And  through  the  linked  mayles  empierced 
quite, 

XVII.  9. to]et]     To  hinder.     Church. 

XVIII.  8. reftore]     Ufed  as   a  lub- 

ftantive  for  rejloration  or  rejiitutioti.  So  lie  ufes  depart  for  de- 
parture, F.  Q.  iii.  vii.  20.  And  entertaine  for  entertainment, 
F.  Q.  iv.  viii.  27,  v.  ix.  37,  &c.     Church. 

E  e  3        . 


4'2'2  THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  BOOK   III. 

But  had  no  povvre  in  his  foft  flefii  to  bite  : 
That  (troke  the  hardy  Squire  did  fore  dif- 

pleafe, 
But  more  that  him  he  could  not  come  to 

Tmite  ; 
For  by  no  meanes  the  high  banke  he  could 

feafe, 

But  kibour'd  long  in  that  deepe  ford  with  vaine 

difeafe. 

XX. 

And  ftill  the  fofter  with  his  long  bore-fpeare 
Him  kept  from  landing  at  his  wifhed  will : 
Anone  one  fent  out  of  the  thicket  neare 

,    A  cruell  fliaft  headed  with  deadly  ill, 
And  fethered  with  an  unlucky  quill; 
The  wicked  lleele  ftayd  not  till  it  did  Ho;ht 
In  his  left  thigh,  and  deepely  did  it  thrill : 
Exceeding  griefe  that  wound  in  him  empight. 

But  more  that  with  his  foes  he  could  not  come 

to  fight. 

XXI. 
At  laft,  through  wrath  and  vengeaunce,  making 
way 
He  on  the  ban  eke  arryvd  M'ith  mlckle  payne  ; 
A\  here  the  third  brother  him  (bd  lore  afliiy, 
And  drove  at  him  with  all  his  might  and 
mayne 

XIX.  f). difcafr.]      Uiifafmefs.   Fr. 

dcfaife.     See  Cotgrave  in  v.   "  Defaife,  being  ill  at  eafe." 

Todd, 


CAXTO  V.  THE  FAERIE  QUEENS:.^  423 

A   foreft-bill,    which    both    his    hands    did 

ftrayne ; 
But  warily  he  did  avoide  the  blow^. 
And  with  his  fpeare  requited  liini  agayiie. 
That  both  his  lides  were  thrilled  with  the 

throw, 

And  a  large  ftreame  of  bloud  out  of  the  wound 

did  flow. 

XXII. 

He,tomblingdowne,  withgnafliing  teeth  did  bite 

The  bitter  earth,  and  bad  to  lett  him  in 

Into  the  balefi^ll  houfe  of  endlefie  night. 

Where  wicked  ghoftsdoe  waile  their  former  fin. 

Tho  gan  the  battaile  freflily  to  begin  ; 

For  nathemore  for  that  fpeclacle  bad 

Did  th'  other  two  their  cruell  vengeaunce  blin, 

XXII.  1.     He,  towhling  doxine,  xcith  gnajhuig  teeth  did  bite 

The  bitter  earth,]     This  is  exprefled  from  the 
poets.    Virgil,  JEn.  xi.  418. 

"  Procubuit  morieus,  et  bumum  femel  ore  momordit." 
See  alfo  ^^n.  xi.  669.    And  Sil.  Ital.  L.  ix.  383. 

*'  V'olvitur  ille  ruens,  atque  arva  hoftilia  morfu 
*'  Appetit,  et  mortis  premit  in  tellure  dolores." 
But  Homer  led  the  way,  6^a|  a«^oi«to  yuixv.     Upton. 

XXII.  7. ■ blin,]     Ceafe ,  or  give  mer. 

Mr.  Church,  in  his  Gloflary,  thinks  it  (hould  be  lin.     But  he  is 
miftaken.     For,  {ee  Bexis  of  Hamptoii : 

"  The  Countefle  would  neuer  blin, 
"  Till  Ihe  came  to  Sir  Saberes  Inne." 
Again :  ' 

"  I  will  not  bfi/me  till  him  I  fee.'* 
And  thus  Chaucer,  Chaii.  Y em.  Tale,  \6639.  ed.  Tyvwhitt. 

"  Till  he  had  torned  him,  could  he  not  blin." 
And  in  The  Ajfedionate  Shepheard,   4to.  1594.  Sign.  A.  iij-  b. 
"  Whofe  twinckling  ftarrie  lights  doe  neuer  blin 
"  To  lliine  on  louely  Venus — "     Todd, 

E  e  4 


424  THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  BOOK  ITt. 

But  both  attonce  on  both  fides  him  beftad, 
And  load  upon  him  layd,  his  hfe  for  to  have  had. 

XXIII. 

Tho  when  that  villayn  he  aviz'd,  which  late 
Affrighted  had  the  faired  Florimell, 
Full  of  fiers  fury  and  indignant  hate 

■    To  him  he  turned,  and  with  rigor  fell 
Smote  him  ib  rudely  on  the  pannikell, 
That  to  the  chin  he  clefte  his  head  in  twaine: 
Downe  on  the  ground  his  carkas  groveling  fell; 
His  fmfull  fowle  with  defperate  difdaine 

Out  of  her  flefhly  ferme  fled  to  the  place  of 

paine. 

XXIV. 
That  feeing,  now  the  only  lafl  of  three 


XXIII.  5. pannikell,]      The  braiii' 

pan,  the  (kull,  the  crown  of  the  head.     Ital.  pannicula.   Fr.paii- 

nicu/r.     Upton. 

XX III,  8.     His  fuifull  Jo-wle  with  defperate  difdaine  &c.] 

From  V'lrgil,  JEn.  xii.     .         ■;    , 

"  A'itaciue  cum  gemitu  fugit  hidignata  fub  umbras." 

See  alfo  Ariofto,  C.  j^xxvi.  140. 

"  A  le  fqiialide  ripe  d'  Acheronte 

"  Sriolta  dal  corj^o,  piu  freddo  che  giaccio, 

"  Beftemmiando  fuggi  1'  alma  fdegjioja."     Upton. 

XXIII.  9.      JlcjMy  ferme]      Farm^  here  perhaps  in 

the  fenfe  of  lodging-houj'e.  Sax.  peopm,  hofpitium.  See  Man- 
ning's edition  of  Lye's  Saxon  Didionary,  in  v,  peopm.  Com- 
pare Cic.  De  Seji.  xxiii.  "  Ex  W/o  ita  difctdo,  tanquam  ex 
hojpitio."     Todd. 

XXIV.  1.  That  feeing,  &ic.]  The  conftruclion  muft  be  fup- 
plied  after  this  manner :  lie  who  was  now  the  only  one  left  of 
three,  who  likewife  had  before  wounded  him  with  an  arrow, 
feeing  that,  and  trembling  with  horror  (as  one  that  did  forefee, 
&c.)     Ciii;RCH. 


CANTO  V.  TilE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  425 

Who  with  that  wicked  ftiafte  him  wounded  had, 
TrembUng  with  horror,  (as  that  did  forefee 
The  fearefull  end  of  his  avengement  fad, 
Throjish   which   he  follow  ihould  his    bre- 

thren  bad,) 
His  booteleffe  bow  in  feeble  hand  upcaught, 
And  therewith  Ihott  an  arrow  at  the  Lad  ; 
Which  fayntly  fluttring   fcarce    his   helmet 

raiight. 
And  glauncing  fel  to  ground,  but  him  annoyed 

naught. 

XXV. 

With  that,  he  would  have  fled  into  the  wood  ; 
But  Timias  him  lightly  overhent, 
Right  as  he  entring  was  into  the  flood,        ^ 
And  fl:rooke  at  him  with  force  fo  violent, 
That  headleffe  him  into  the  foord  he  lent; 
The   carcas   with   the    fl;ream6    was   carried 

downe, 
But  th'  head   fell  backeward   on  the   con- 
tinent; 
So  mifchief  fel  upon  the  meaners  crowne  : 
They  three  be  dead  with   fliame  ;  the  Squire 
lives  with  renowne : 


XXIV.  6.  His  hootlejje  bow  &c.]  The  following  verfes  are 
expreilive  of  the  faintly  fluttering  arrow,  fhot  from  the  boot- 
lefl'e  bow :  and  will  bear  coaiparifon,  with  that  well  known 
paflage  in  V'irgil,  where  he  defcribes  the  feeble  dart,  fcarce 
flung  from  the  arm  of  the  enervated  old  king.     Upton. 


4'26  THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  BOOK  III, 

XXVI. 

lie  lives,  but  takes  fmall  ioy  of  his  renowne ; 
For  of  that  crueil  wound  he  bled  fo  fore, 
That  from  his  fteed  he  fell  in  deadly  fvvowne  ; 
Yet  ftill  the  blood   forth  guflit  in  fo  great 

ftore. 
That  he  lay  wallovvd  all  in  his  owne  gore. 
Now  God  thee  keepe!  thou  gentleft  Squire 

alive, 
Els  fhall  thy  lovins;  Lord  thee  fee  no  more  : 
But  both  of  comfort  him  thou  flialt  deprive, 
And  eke   thyfelfe  of  honor  which   thou  didft 

atchive. 

XXVII. 
Providence  hevenly  paileth  living  thought, 
And  doth  for  wretched  mens  reliefe  make 

way  ; 
For  loe !    great    grace    or   fortune   thether 

brought 
Comfort  to  him  that  comfortlefle  now  lay. 
In  thofe  fame  woods  ye  well  remember  may 
How  that  a  noble  huntereffe  did  wonne, 
Shee,  that  bafe  Braggadochio  did  affray. 
And  made  him  faft  out  of  the  foreft  ronne  ; 
Belphoebe  was  her  name,  as  faire  as  Phoebus 

funne. 

XXVII.  5. ye  well  remember  may']      See  F.  Q. 

ii.  iii.  20,  &c.     Chukch. 

XXVII.  9.        •  As  [aire  as  Phoebus   funne.]      As 


CAXTO  V.  THE  FAERTE  QUEENE.  427 

XXVIII. 

Shee  on  a  day,  as  ftiee  purfewd  the  chace 
Of  fome  wilde  beaft,  which  with  her  arrowes 

keene 
She  wounded  had,  the  fame  along  did  trace 
By  tract  of  blood,  which  fhe  had  frefhly  feene 
To  have  befprinckled  all  the  grafiy  greene ; 
By  the  great  perfue   which   fhe  there  per- 

ceav'd, 
Well  hoped  fliee  the  beaft  engor'd  had  beene, 
And  made  more  hafte  the  life  to  have  be- 
reaved : 
But  ah  !  her  expe61:ation  greatly  was  deceav'd. 

XXIX. 

Shortlv"  fhe  came  whereas  that  woefull  Squire 
With  blood  deformed  lay  in  deadly  fwownd ; 
In  whofe  faire  eyes,  like  lamps  of  quenched 
fire, 

faire  as  Ph(rbus  the  fun ;  exprefled  as  Fhcehis  Jpollo,  Y[ix.».a,i 
ASrm,  Ciftherea  Venus,  &c.  See  Bentley's  note  on  Horat. 
Carm.  i.  iv.  5.     Uptox. 

As  Spenfer  is  generally  exa6l  in  making  the  rhyme  catch  the 
eye  as  well  as  ear,  I  fliould  have  made  no  doubt  that  he  gave 
*'  as  faire  as  Phoebus  _/o//7«e,"  though  he  had  never  fpelt  the 
wordyo«  in  like  manner  eli'ewhere  :  but  the  reader  inuft  have 
obferved  that  he  vvrites7o«7/c  iox  fori  in  a  hundred  places.  The 
poet  plainly  means  Phaeton.     So,  in  F.  Q.  i.  iv.  9. 

"  Exceeding  flione,  like  Phoebus^ffj/rf/?  c/ii/dc."- 

Church. 

The  folio  of  1679,  Hughes,  and  Tonfon's  edition  in  1758, 
have  chofen  to  prmt  it  fun.  But  Mr.  Church,  I  think,  is 
right.     Todd. 

XXVIII.  6".     perfic]     It  ftems  to  be  a  word  of 

his  own,  and  is  fofter  ihmi purfuU.     Cxiurch. 


428  THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.     BOOK  III. 

The  chriilall  humor  ftood  congealed  rovvnd  ; 
His  locks,  like  faded  leaves  fallen  to  ^rownd. 
Knotted  with  blood  in  bounches  rudely  ran; 
And  his  fweete  lips,  on  which  before  that 

ftoMnd 
The  bud  of  youth  to  bloflbme  faire  began, 
Spoild  of  their  roiy  red  were  woxen  pale  and 
wan. 

XXX. 
Saw  never  h\  ing  eie  more  heavy  fio-ht, 

That  could  have  made  a  rocke  of  itone  to  rew. 
Or  rive   in  twaine  :  which  when  that  Lady 

bright, 
Befides  all  hope,  M'ith  melting  eies  did  vew, 
All  fuddeinly  abailit  (bee  chaunged  hew^, 
.  And  with   fterne   horror    backward   gan   to 
ftart : 
But,  when  fhee  better  him  beheld,  ftiee  grew 
Full  of  foft  paflion  and  unwonted  fmart : 
The  point  of  pitty  perced  through  her  tender 
hart. 

XXXI. 
Meekely  ftiee  bowed  downe,  to  weete  if  hfe 
Yett  in  his  frofcn  members  did  remaine  ; 
And,  feeling  by  his  pulfes  beating  rife 
That  the    weake   fowle    her    feat   did   yett 
retaine, 


XXX.  4.     Befides  all  hopcjl     Having  no  hopes  that  he  was 
alive.     Ciiuacii. 


CANTO  V.  THE    FAERIE    QUEENE.  429 

Shee  cafl  to  comfort  him  with  bufy  paine : 
His  double-folded  necke  (he  reard  upright, 
And  rubd   his  temples  and  each  trembling 

vaine ; 
His  mayled  haberieon  flie  did  undight, 
And  from  his  head  his  heavy  burganet  did  light. 

XXXII. 
Into  the  woods  thenceforth  in  hade  Ihee  went. 
To  feeke  for  hearbes  that  mote  him  remedy ; 
For  Ibee  of  herbes  had  great  intendiment, 
Taught  of  the  nymphe  which   from  her  in- 
fancy 
Her  nourced  had  in  trew  nobility : 
There,  whether  yt  divine  tobacco  were, 


XXXII,  3.  Forfhee  of  herbes  had  great  intendiment,]  Ital. 
intendimento,  intendment,  underl'tanding.  Ladies  of  antiquity 
of  the  higheft  rank  were  Ikilful  in  phyfick  and  furgery.  ^Vho  is 
ignorant  of  Medea,  the  daughter  of  a  king  ?  of  Circe  ?  or  of 
the  wife  of  King  Thone,  who  taught  Helena  the  ufe  and  mix- 
ture  of  Nepenthes  ?  The  royal  Agamede  knew  all  herbs  and 
all  their  virtues,  //.  x'.  Z^O. 

Let  us  turn  to  romance  writers,  no  fmall  imitators  of  Homer. 
Sir  Phil.  Sidney,  in  his  Arcadia,  introduces  "  Gynecia  having 
flcill  in  furgery :  an  art  in  thole  days  much  efteemed  ;  becaufe 
it  ferved  to  virtuous  courage,  which  even  ladies  would,  even 
with  the  contempt  of  cowards,  feem  to  cherifti."  Angelica, 
who  makes  fo  great  a  figure  in  Boyardo  and  Ariofto,  "  bad 
great  intendiment  of  herbs."  See  Boyardo,  Orl.  Innam.  fol. 
51,  or  Berni.  L.  i.  C.  14.  ft.  38.  And  Ariofto,  C.  xix.  ft.  22. 
This  fame  Angelica  cures  the  wounded  Medoro,  as  Belphoebe 
cures  the  wounded  Squire.     Uptov. 

XXXII.  6. divine  tohaccol     Tobacco  was, 

at  this  time,  but  newly  difcovered  to  the  Englifh,  and  not  aa 
ordinary  herb,  as  it  is  at  prefent.  Probably  tobacco  is  here 
mentioned  with  fo  much  honour,  with  intent  to  pay  a  compli- 


430  THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.     BOOK  HI, 

Or  panacliii?a,  or  polygon y, 
She   fownd,  and    brought  it  to  her  patient 
(lea  re, 
AVho  al   this  while   lay  bleding  out  his  hart- 
blood  neare. 

XXXIII. 

The  foveraine  weede  betwixt  two  marbles  plaine 
Shee  powndcd  Imall,  and  did  in  peeces  bruze  j 
And  then  atweene  her  lilly  handes  twaine 
Into  his  wound  the  juice  thereof  did  feruze  ; 
And  round  about,  as  fhe  could  well  it  uze, 
The  fiefh  therewith  (he  iuppled  and  did  lleepe, 
T'  abate  all   fpafme   and   Ibke  the   fwelling 

bruze  ; 
And,  after  having  fearcht  the  intufe  deepe, 

iTient  to  Sir  Walter  Raleigh,  our  author's  friend  and  patroti, 
who  firll  introduced  and  uled  tobacco  in  England,  in  1584. 

T.  Wartov. 

XXXII.  7 .  Or  panachaea,  or  polygeny,]  Panacea  is  men- 
tioned in  the  cure  of  ^neas,  V^irg.  ^En.  xii.  419.  The  very 
name  Ihews  it  a  fovereign  remedy  :  Angelica  ufcs  it  too  in  the 
cure  of  Medoro,  as  well  as  the  didamnus.  See  V'irg.  ^n,  xii.. 
411.  Pliny  mentions  polygoiiuvi  as  good  to  ftanch  blood. 
Whether  any  of  thefe  herbs  it  were,  or  whatever  eli'e  the  fove- 
raine weed  was  named,  this  rtie  brought,  and  applyed :  "  Fo- 
vit  ea  vulnus,"  Virg.  JEn.  xii.  420.  "  Leva  ogui  fpafmo,"  Ari- 
ofto  :  She  abated  all  fpafme.     Upton. 

XXXIII.  4. feruze;]     Squeeze.    See 

alfo  F.  Q.  ii.  xii.  50.  Perhaps  from  fcrew.  See  Junius,  and 
Johnfon  in  v.  Scruze.  Dr.  Johnfon  obferves  that  this  word, 
though  now  difufed  by  writers,  is  ftill  preferved,  at  leaft  in  its 
corruption,  "  to  fcrouge,"  in  the  London  jargon.  I  believe  that 
this  barbarifm  is,  in  fome  places,  pronounced  aUo  fcruunge. 

Todd. 

XXXin.  S.     ■ — the  intufe  deepe,]     The  contU' 

ftoH  deep.     Upton. 


CANTO  V.  THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  431 

She  with  her  icarf  did   bind  the  wound,  from 

cold  to  keepe. 

XXXIV. 

By  this  he  had  fweet  hfe  reciir'd  agayne, 

And,  groning  inly  deepe,  at  laft  his  eies, 

His  watry  eies  drizling  like  deawy  rayne, 

He  up  gan  lifte  toward  the  azure  ikies, 

From  whence  defcend  all  hopeleffe  remedies: 

Therewith  he  figh'd  ;  and,  turning  him  afide, 

The  goodly  Maide  full  of  divinities 

And  gifts  of  heavenly  grace  he  by  him  fpide, 

Her  bow  and  gilden  quiver  lying  him  befide. 

XXXV. 

*«  Mercy  !  deare  Lord,"  laid  he,  "  what  grace 

is  this 
That  thou  haft  fliewed  to  me  fmfull  wight, 
To  fend  thine  Angell  from  her  bowre  of  blis 
To  comfort  me  in  my  diftreffed  plight ! 
Angell,  or  goddeffe  doe  I  call  thee  right  ? 
"What  fervice  may  I  doe  unto  thee  meete,     • 
That  haft  from  darkenes  me  returnd  to  light. 
And  with  thy  hevenly  falves  and  med'cines 

fweete 
Haft  dreft  my  fmfull  wounds !  I  kifle  thy  blefted 

feete/' 

XXXVI. 

Thereat  flie  bluihing  faid ;  "  Ah !  gentle  Squire, 
Nor  goddefle  I,  iior  angell ;  but  the  mayd 

XXXVI.  2.  Nor  goddeffe  7,  nor  angell;  &c.]    Dr.  Farmer  has 
confidered  Shakfpeare  to  have  been  indebted  to  thi$  palTage, 


432  THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  BOOK  III. 

.    And  daughter  of  a  woody  nymphe,  delire 
No  fervice  but  thy  fafT-ty  and  ayd  ; 
AVhich  if  thou  gaine,  I  llial  be  well  apa3'd. 
Wee  mortall   wights,   whofe  lives  and   for- 
tunes bee 
To  commun  accidents  ftil  open  layd, 
Are  bownd  witli  commun  bond  of  frailtee, 

To  fuccor  wretched  wights  whom  Me  captived 

<  fee." 

XXXVII. 

By  this  her  damzells,  which  the  former  chace 
Had  undertaken  after  her,  arryv'd, 
As  did  Belphoebe,  in  the  bloody  place, 

1   And  thereby  deemd  the  beaft  had  bene  de- 
priv'd 

when  he  penned  the  converfation  of  Ferdinand  and  Miranda, 
in  The  Tcmpejl : 

"  Moft  fure,  the  goddcfs 

"  On  whom  thefe  airs  attend  !  &c." — 
I  think  it  as  probable  that  ShakCpeare  had  in  his  mind  the  in- 
terview of  Mucedorus  and  Amadine,  in  The  Mujl  Pleajant  Cotiie~ 
die  of  Mucedorus,  4to.  15^8.  Sign.  A,  4. 

"  Mu.  Moft  gracious  goddeffe,  more  then  mortal  wight, 
r  "  Your  heauenly  hewe  of  right  imports  no  lelTe,  &c. 

"  Am.   No  goddefle,  fliepheard,  but  a  mortall  weight, 
"  A  mortall  wight,  diftrefled  as  thou  feell: 
"  My  father  heere  is  king  of  Arragon, 
•'  I  Amadine  his  only  daughter  am,  &c." 
This  dramatick  paflage  was  probably  indebted  to  feme  of  the 
tranflations  of  Virgil,  ^E«.  i.  527. 

"  O,  quam  te  memorem,  Virgo  !  namque  haud  tibi  vultus 
"  Mortalis,  &c." 
And  thefe  lines  of  Virgil  are  clofely  imitated  by  Spenfer,  F.  Q. 
ii.  iii.  33.     But  here,  in  the  addrefs  of  Timias  to  Belphoebe,  he 
rather  copies  the  fpeech  of  Ulyffes  to  Nauficaa,  Od.  ^.  148. 
ra»5^a»  <ri,  uyocaacc,  Sio?  ¥v  T»<  V  0fO7Oi  iffff'i' 
£t  ^it  T»S  Sic?  iffff'i  x.  T.  A.      ToDD. 


CANTTO  V.  THE  FAEIUE  QUEENE.  433 

Of  life,  whom  lute  their  Ladies  arow  ryv'd : 
Forthy  the  bloody  tra6t  they  foUowd  fait, 
And  every  one  to  ronne  the  fwifteft  itryv'd  ; 
But  two  of  them  the  reft  far  overpait, 
And  where  their  Lady  was  arrived  at  the  laft. 

XXXVIII. 
Where  when  they  favv  that  goodly  Boy  with 
blood 
Defowled,  and  their  Lady  drefle  his  wownd, 
They  wondred  much ;  and  fliortly  underftood 
How  him  in  deadly  cace  their  Lady  fownd, 
And  refkewed  out  of  the  heavy  itownd. 
Eftfoones    his   warlike    courier,   which   was 

flrayd 
Farre   in  the  woodes  whiles  that  he  lay  in 

fwownd, 
She  made  thofe  damzels  fearch  ;  which  being 
ftayd, 
They  did  him  fet  thereon,  and  forth  with  them 
convayd. 

XXXIX. 
Into  that  foreft  farre  they  thence  him  led 
Where  was  their  dwelling ;  in  a  pleafant  glade 
With  mountaines  rownd  about  environed 
And  mightie  woodes,  which  did  the  valley 
ftiade, 

XXXVII.  6. they  followd /q/?,]     So  the 

firft  edition  reads,  to  which  thofe  of  1751,  Upton,  and  Church, 
adhere.     The  reft  read,  "  they  follow  faft."     Todd. 

VOL.  IV.  F  f 


434-  THE  TAERIE  QUEENE.  BOOK  III. 

:  i  And  like  a  ftately  theatre  it  made 

v' 

Spreading  itfelfe  into  a  Tpatious  plaine  ; 

And  in  the  midft  a  httle  riv'er  plaide 

Emongil  the  pumy  ftones,  M'hich  feemd  to 

plaine 

M  ith  gentle  niurmure  that  his  courfe  they  did 

reftraine. 

XL. 

Befide  the  fame  a  dainty  place  there  lay, 
)    Planted  with  mnlle  trees  and  laurells  greene, 
In  which  the  birds  fong  many  a  lovely  lay 
Of  Gods  high  praife,  and  of  their  fweet  loves 

teene, 
As  it  an  earthly  paradize  had  bcene : 
In  whofe  enclofed  lliadow  there  was  pight 

XXXIX.  5.     And  like  ajlately  theatre  &c.]     Compare  Mil- 
ton, Par.L.  B.  iii.  141. 

• "  a  woody  thtatrc 

"  Oijlatelkii  view  — " 
See  alfo  Purchas's  Pilgrimage,  in   the  defcription  of  Ceylon  : 
"  Seufe  and  Senfuality  have    here   Itumbled  on   a  paradife. 
There  woodie  hils   (a  natural  amp/tit  heat  re)   doe  encompafle  a 
large  pJaine;  and  one  of  them  as  not  contenting  &c."   Todd. 

XXXIX.  f). his  courfe]     This  is  the 

reading  of  the  fecond  edition,  and  is  evidently  a  correction  of 
the  errour  in  tlie  firft,  which  reads  *'  their  courfe,"  and  which 
lias  mifled  only  the  editor  of  the  poem  in  1751.     Todd. 

XL.  4. ■  tkeir  loves  fweet  teene,]     Sv;cet  tcene 

is  plealiug  uneafiuefs.  So  the  fecond  edition  reads,  which  the 
folios  and  Hughes  follow.  The  firft  reads  "  their  fweet  loves 
teene,"  to  which  the  edition  of  1751  adheres.     CHUUCii. 

INIr.  Upton  alfo  conforms  to  the  firft  edition,  and  explains 
"  their  fxvi:€t  loves  teene"  by  "  the  vexation  which  their  fweet 
loves  gave  them."  The  reading  of  the  fecond  edition  appears 
to  me  more  cfaaracteriftick.  Tonfon's  edition  of  1758  has 
Ukewifc  adopted  it.     Todb. 


CAXTO  V.  THE  FAERIE  QUEEXE.  435 

A  falre  pavilion,  fcarcely  to  be  feene, 
The  which  was  al  within  moft  richly  dight, 

That  greateft  princes  living  it  mote  well  delight. 

XLI. 

Thether  they  brought  that  wounded  Squyre, 
and  layd 
In  eaiie  couch  his  feeble  limbes  to  reft. 
He  refted  him  awhile ;  and  then  the  Mayd 
His  readie  wound  with  better  falves  new  dreft: 
Daily  flie  drefled  him,  and  did  the  belt, 
His  grievous  hurt  to  guarifli,  that  Ihe  might ; 
That  lliortlv  ftie  his  dolour  hath  redreft, 
And  his  foule  fore  reduced  to  faire  plight : 

It  fhe  reduced,  but  himfelfe  deftroyed  quight. 

XLII. 

O  foolifli  phyfick,  and  unfrultfuU  paine, 

That  heales  up  one,  and  makes  another  wound ! 
She  his  hurt  thigh  to  him  recurd  againe, 
But  hurt  his  hart,  the  which  before  was  found, 
Through  an  unwary  dart  which  did  rebownd 
From  her  faire   eyes  and  gratious  counte- 
naunce. 

XL.  9.  That  greatefi  princes  living  &c.]  The  firft  edition 
alone  reads  "  princes  liking  kc."  Yet  the  meaning  is  not, 
"  delight  the  liking ;"  but,  "  delight  the  greateft  princes  on 
earth,  greateft  princes /ir/«o-."     Upton. 

XLI.  6.     guarilh,]     Heal.     Fr.   guerir. 

Church. 

XLL  7. hath  redreji,]     Mr. 

Upton  erroneoufly  reads  "  had  redreft."     Todd. 

XLIL  1.     ■ paine,]     Labour.    Fr. 

peine.     See  F.  Q.  i.  i.  42.     CntrRCH. 

Ff2 


A'3G  THE    FAERIE    QUEENE.  BOOK  III. 

A\hat  bootes  it  him   from  death  to  be  un- 

bownd, 
To  be  captived  in  endk'^iTe  dura^mce 
Of  for  row  and  defpeyre  without  aleggeaunce! 

XLIII. 

Still  as  his  wound  did  gather,  and  grow  hole, 
So  ftill  his  hart  woxe  fore,  and  health  decayd  : 
IMadnefle  to  fave  a  part,  and  lofe  the  whole ! 
Still  whenas  he  beheld  the  heavenly  Mayd, 
Whiles  daily  playfters  to  his  wownd  flie  layd, 
So  ftill  his  malady  the  more  increaft. 
The  whiles  her  matchlefie  beautie  him  dif- 

mayd. 
Ah  God  !  what  other  could  he  do  at  leaft. 

But  love  lb  fajTe  a  Lady  that  his  life  releaft ! 

XLlV. 

Lono;  while  he  ftrove  in  his  coraoeous  breft 
AVith  reafon  dew  the  paffion  to  fubdew, 
And  love  for  to  diflod^e  out  of  his  neft : 
Still  when  her  excellencies  he  did  vew, 

XLII.  9-     aleggeaunce  ?]     Alle- 

tiation.     See  F.  Q.  iii.  ii.  13,  and   Shep.  CaL  March,  ver.  5, 
with  the  notes  on  that  paflage.     Todd. 

XLIII.  1. grow  hole,]     Sound, 

entire.     So  Chaucer  fpells    the  word,    I'r.  Talc,  6952.    edit. 
Tyrwhitt. 

"  For  in  this  world  n'  is  dogge  for  the  bowe, 
"  That  can  an  hurt  dere  from  an  hok  yknowe." 
Hawes  alfo  fpolls  it  hole^  in  his  Graiinde  AtnoJire,  1553.  The 
word  here  ought  to  Jiave  fome  difference  alfo,  as  ISIr.  Upton 
has  obferved,  on  account  of  the  correfponding  rhyme.  Yet 
fcveral  editions  have  difcharged  the  ancient  orthography,  and 
printed  '*  grow  •whole."     Todd. 


CANTO  V.  THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  437 

Her  foveraine  bountie  and  celefiiall  hew, 
The  fame  to  love  he  ftronglj  was  conftraynd  : 
But,  when  his  meane  eftate  he  did  revew. 
He  from  fuch  hardy  boldneffe  was  reftraynd, 
And  of  his  hickleffe  lott  and  crueil  love   thus 

playnd  : 

XLV. 
"  U nthankfull  wretch,"  faid  he,   "  is  this  the 

meed, 
With  which  her  foverain  mercy  thou  doeft 

quight  ? 
Thy  life  fVie  faved  by  her  gratious  deed  ; 
But  thou  doeft  weene  with   villeinous  de- 

fpight 
To  blott  her  honour  and  her  heavenly  light : 
Dye  ;  rather  dye  then  fo  difloyally 
Deeme  of  her  high  defert,  or  feeme  fo  light : 
Fayre  death  it  is,    to  flionne  more  lliame, 

to  dy : 
Dye  ;  rather  dy  then  ever  love  difloyally. 

XLIV.  7, revew,]  So  the  firft 

edition  reads,  which  Hughes's  fecoud  edition,  and  thofe  of 
1751,  Upton,  Church,  and  Tonfon's  in  1758,  rightly  follow. 
The  reft  inaccurately  read  renew.     Todd. 

XLV.  8.  I'ai/re  death  it  is,  to  ^flionne  more  Jliame,  to  t/j/ ;] 
Salluft.  Catiliu.  "  Nonne  emori  per  virtutem  praeftat,  qukm 
vitam  miferam,  atque  inhoneftam,  ubi  alienae  fuperbi^  ludibrio 
fueris,  per  dedecus  amittere  ?"     Todd. 

XLV.  9.  Dye ;  rather  dye  then  ever  fic]  I  have  followed 
]Mr.  Church's  judicious  punduation  of  this  line.  All  other 
editions  point  it  thus  : 

"  Dye  rather,  dye,  then  ever  &c."     Todd. 

rf3 


a 


4-33  THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  BOOK  III. 

XLVI. 

''  But  if,  to  love,  didoyalty  it  bee, 

Shall  I  then  hate  her  that  from  deathes  dore 

Me  brought?  ah  !  farre  be  fuch  reproch  fro 
mee  ! 

A\  hat  can  1  lelTe  doe  then  her  love  therefore, 

Sith  I  her  dew  reward  cannot  reftore  ? 

Dye  ;  rather  dye,  and  dying  doe  her  ferve  ; 

Dying  her  ferve,  and  living  her  adore ; 

Thy  life  llie  gave,  thy  life  Ihe  doth  deferve : 

Dye ;  rather  dye  then  ever  from  her  fervice 

fwerve, 

XLVII. 

But,  foollQi  boy,  what  bootes  thy  fervice  bace 
To  her,  to  whom  the  hevens  doe  I'erve  and  few  ? 
Thou,  a  meane  Squyre  of  meeke  and  lowly 

place ; 
She,  hevenly  borne  and  of  celeftiall  hew. 
How  then  ?  of  all  Love  taketh  equall  vew  : 
And  doth  not  Pligheft  God  vouchfafe  to  take 
I'he  love  and  fervice  of  the  bafeft  crew  ? 


XLVII.  2.  To  her,  to  whom  the  hevens  doe  ftrve  and  Jew  ?] 
The  compliment  here  paid  to  queen  Elizabeth,  tl.at  the  heavens 
themfelves  obeyed  her  and  fought  her  battles,  is  borrowed 
from  Claudian,  and  was  applied  to  her,  when  the  Spauilh  fleet 
•was  deftroyed  by  the  ftorms : 

"  O  nimium  diledta  Deo,  cui  militat  ^ther, 

"   Et  conjurati  veniunt  ad  claflica  venti !" 
A  medal  likewife  was  Itruck,  reprefenting  a  fleet  fhattered  by 
the  winds  and  fallirtg  foul  on  one  another,  with  this  infcription, 
*'  Afflavit  Deus  et  diliipantur."     God  blew  icitk  his  -icind  and 
thcj/  zicre  /cat te red.     U  p  x  o  -\ . 


CANTO  V.  THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  439 

If  flie  will  not ;  dye  meekly  for  her  fake  : 

Dye;  rather  dye  then  ever  fo  fah'e  love  forfake  !'* 

XLVIII. 

Thus  warreid  he  long  time  againft  his  will ; 
Till  that  through  weaknefle  he  was  forft  at  lad 
To  yield  himfelfe  unto  the  mightie  ill, 
Which,  as  a  vi61our  proud,  gan  ranfack  fail 
His  inward  partes,  and  all  his  entrayles  waft. 
That  neither  blood  in  face  nor  life  in  hart 
It  left,  but  both  did  quite  drye  up  and  blaft  ; 
As  percing  levin,  which  the  inner  part 

Of  evtry  thing  confumes  and  calcineth  by  art. 

XLIX. 

AVhich  feeing  fayre  Belphosbe  gan  to  feare 
Leaft  that  his  wound  were  inly  well  not  heald, 
Or  that  the  wicked  fteele  empoyfned  were  : 
Litle  fhee  weend  that  love  he  clofe  conceald. 
Yet  ftill  he  wafted,  as  the  fnow  congeald 
AVhen  the  bright  lunne  his  beams  theron  doth 
beat : 

XLIX.  5.     Yet  JlUl  he  -wajled,  as  the  fnow  congeald 

When  the  bright  funne  hin  beams  theron  doth  beat ;] 
Ovid,  Met.  iii.  4S7. 

•  "  Sed  ut  intabefcere  flavae 

"  Igne  levi  ceriB,  matutiiiceve  pruinae 
"  Sole  tepente  folent,  fic  attenuatus  amore 
"  Liquitur  ;  &  csco  paullatim  carpitur  igni."     Jortin, 
He   had  his   eye,   I  believe,   on  Ariofto,  who  has  the  fame 
fimile,  applied  to  Angelica  in  love  with  ISIedoro,  C.  xix.  29. 
"  La  mifera  fi  ftrugge,  come  falda 
"  Strugger  di  neve  intempeftiva  fuole, 
"  Ch'  in  loco  aprico  abbia  fcoperta  il  fole." 
Compare  Taflo,  C.  xx.  136.     Ui^roN. 

Ff4 


440  THE   FAERIE  QIJEENE.  BOOK  III. 

Yet  never  he  his  hart  to  her  reveald ; 
But  rather  chofe  to  dye  for  foroAv  great 

Then  with  diihonorable  termes  her  to  entreat 

L. 

She,  gracious  Lady,  yet  no  paines  did  fpare 
To  doe  him  eafe,  or  doe  him  remedy  : 
Many  reftoratives  of  vertues  rare, 
And  coitly  cordialles  ilie  did  apply. 
To  mitigate  his  ftubhorne  malady  : 
But  that  fweet  cordiall,  which  can  reftore 
A  love-fick  hart,  llie  did  to  him  envy ; 
To  him,  and  to  all  th'  unworthy  world  forlore, 

She    did    envy  that  Ibveraine   lalve    in   fecret 

ftore. 

LI. 
That  daintie  rofe,  the  daughter  of  her  morne. 
More   deare  then  life   ihe   tendered,  whofe 

flowre 
The  giriond  of  her  honour  did  adorne : 


L.  8.     To  him,  and  to'  all  &c.]     So   the   firft  and  fecond 
editions  read,  which  thofe  only  of  1751  and  Mr.  Church  adopt. 
The  relt  omit  the  fecond  io  : 

"  To  him,   and  all  th'  unworthy  world  &c." 
But  Spenler  often  admits  an  apparently  fupernunierary  fyllable, 
\vhich  muft   be  read  with  an   elifion.     So,  again,  in  the  next 
Canto,  It.  3.9. 

"  Great  enimy  to  it,  and  to'  all  the  reft  &c." 
See  alfo  the  note  on  F.  Q.  ii.  v.  34.     Todd. 

]LI.  1.  TItut  daintie  rofe,  &c.]  It  feenis  to  me  that  this 
image  (though  varied)  was  taken  from  that  well  known  fmiile 
in  Catullus,  Cavni.  Nupf. 

"  Ut  flos.in  feptis  fecretus  nafcitur  hortis 
"  Ignotus  pccori,  <S:c."     Upton. 


CANTO  V.  THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  441 

Ne  fufFrecl  (lie  the  middayes  fcorching  powre, 
Ne    the  iliarp   northerne   wind   thereon  to 

fhowre ; 
But  lapped  up  her  filken  leaves  mod  chayre, 
Whenfo  the  froward  fkye  began  to  lowre ; 
But,  foone  as  calmed  was  the  criftall  ayre. 

She  did  it  fay  re  dilpred  and  let  to  florifli  fay  re. 

Lil. 

Etetnall  God,  in  his  almightie  powre, 

To  make  enfample  of  his  heavenly  grace, 

,  In  paradize  whylome  did  plant  this  Flowre  ; 
Whence  he  it  fetcht  out  of  her  native  place, 
And  did  in  ftocke  of  earthly  fleih  enrace. 
That  mortall  men  her  glory  iliould  admyre. 
In  gentle  Ladies  brefte  and  bounteous  race 
Of  woman-kind  it  fayreft  Flowre  doth  fpyre. 

And   beareth  fruit  of   honour   and   all    chail 
defy  re. 

LT.  9. and  let  tojiorijh  fayreJ]     The 

fecond  folio  corrupted  the  paflage  by  reading,  "  and  let  it 
florilh  fayre."  The  folio  of  16"79,  and  Tonfon's  edition  in 
1758,  have  adopted  the  errour.     Todd, 

LII.  3.  In  Paradize  whylome  &c.]  To  this  and  the  following 
(lanza  IMilton  feems  to  have  been  indebted  for  that  beautiful 
paflage  in  his  Par.  Loft,  B.  iii.  352. 

• "  Lowly  reverent 

*'  Towards  either  throne  they  bow,  and  to  the  ground 

'*  With  folenin  adoration  down  they  cad 

"  Their  crowns  inwove  with  amarant  and  gold  ; 

"  Immortal  amarant,  a  flower  which  once 

"  In  Paradife,  faft  by  the  Tree  of  Life, 

*^  Began  to  bloom,  kc."     Church. 

LIL  8. %re,]     Shoot  forth, 

Car«  is  faid  to  'hire,  when  it  is  in  ear.     Church. 


442  THE  FAERIE  QUEEXE.  BOOK  III. 

LIII. 

Favj'e  ympes  of  beautie,  wliofe  bright  fliining 

beames 
Adorne  the  world  with  hke  to  heavenly  light, 
And  to  your  willes  both  royalties  and  reames 
Subdew,  through  conqiieft  of  your  wondrous 

might ; 
With  this  hyre  Flowre  your  goodly  girlonds 

dio-ht 

o 

Of  Chaftity  and  Vertue  virginall, 
That  fhall  embeUifli  more  your  beautie  bright. 
And  crowne  your  heades  with  heavenly  co- 
ronal!, 

Such  as  the  Angels  weare  before  God's  tribunall! 

Liv. 

To  youre  faire  felves  a  faire  enfample  frame 
Of  this  faire  Virgin,  this  Belphoebe  fayre; 
To  whom,  in  perfeft  love  and  fpotlefle  fame 
Of  Chaftitie,  none  living  may  compayre: 
Ne  poyfnous  Envy  iuftly  can  empayre 

LIV.  1.     To  t/ovre faire  felves  kc]     The  poet  recommends 
to  the  Ladies  the  example  of  his  \'irgin  Queen.     Drayton,  in 
the  firft  edition  of  his  Matilda,   159-i,  has  thus  introduced  a 
limilar  compliment  to  Elizabeth,    including  in  it  a  compliment 
alfo  to  the  commendation  which  had  been  bellowed  by  Spenler  : 
"  And  thou,  O  Beta,  Soueraigne  of  his  thought, 
"  Engtands  Diana,  let  him  thinke  on  thee  ; 
"  By  thy  perfections  let  his  INIufe  be  taught, 
**  And  in  his  breaft  fo  deepe  imprinted  be, 
"  That  he  may  write  of  sacred  ciiastitie  : 
"  Though  not  like  Collin  in  thy  Britoinart, 
"  Yet  loues  afmuch,  although  he  wants  his  arte." 

Todd,    . 


CANTO  V.     THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  443 

The  prayfe  of  herfrefli-flowringMajdenliead; 
Forthy  ihe  ftandeth  on  the  higheft  ftajre 
Of  th'  honorable  ftage  of  womanhead, 
That  Ladies  all  may  follow  her  enfample  dead. 

LV. 

In  fo  great  prayfe  of  ftedfaft  Chaftity 

Nathleffe  (he  was  fo  courteous  and  kynde, 
Tempred  with  Grace  and  goodly  Model^y, 
That  feemed  thofe  two  vertues  ftrove  to  fynd 
The  higher  place  in  her  heroick  mynd : 
So  ftriving  each  did  other  more  augment, 
And  both  encreaft  the   prayfe    of  woman- 

kynde. 
And  both  encreaft  her  beautie  excellent : 

So  all  did  make  in  her  a  perfect  complement. 

LIV.  9. her  enfample  dead.]     That  is, 

the  example  of  her  dead.  See  Dr.  Jortin's  note  on  tlie  lalt 
Canto,  11.  29.     Ciiuucii. 

LV.  9- fi  perfei^  complement .]     A  com- 

pleat  charade r.     Lat.  C07np!e?nciifii7n.     Cii  uucii. 

The  impropriety  of  pretending  to  modernife  the  language  of 
Spenler  may  be  Ihown  by  the  reading  of  Hughes  and  'J'onibn's 
edition  in  17^8,  which  is  compliment,  a  word  of  very  different 
meaning  from  that  which  Speiifer  gave,  and  which  here  ahaoll 
burlefrjues  the  palfage.     Todd. 


444-  THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  BOOK  III. 


CANTO    VI. 

T]ie  Birth  of  fayre  Belphivbe  and 

Of  Amorett  is  told  : 
The  Gardins  of  Adonis  fraught 

JVith  p/cafures  manifold. 

I. 

WELL  may  I  weene,  faire  Ladies,  all  this  while 
Ye  wonder  how  this  noble  Damozell 
So  great  perfections  did  in  her  compile, 
Sith  that  in  falvage  forefls  flie  did  dwell, 
So  farre  from  Court  and  royall  Citadel!, 

•    The  great  fchoolmaiftreffe  of  all  Courtefj : 
Seemeth  that  fuch  wilde  woodes  fliould  far 

expell 
All  civile  ufage  and  gentility, 

And  gentle  fprite  deforme  with  rude  rufticity. 

II. 

But  to  this  faire  Belphoebe  in  lier  }3erth 
The  hevens  fo  favorable  were  and  free. 
Looking  with  myld  afpe6l  upon  the  earth 
In  th'  horofcope  of  her  nativitee, 
That  all  the  gifts  of  grace  and  chaftitee 

I.  6.     The  great  fchoohnaijircjje  of  all  Couriefi/  ;]      See   the 
note  on  F.  Q.  vi.  i.  I.     Todd. 


CANTO  Vr.        THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  44.5 

On  her  they  poured  forth  of  plenteous  home  : 
love  laught  on  Venus  from  his  foverayne  fee. 
And   Phoebus  with    faire    beames    did    her 
adorne, 

And  all  the  G  races  rockt  her  cradle  being  borne. 

III. 

Her  Berth  was  of  the  wombe  of  morning  dew. 
And  her  conception  of  the  io\^ous  prime ; 
And  all  her  whole  creation  did  her  iliew 
Pure  and  unfpotted  from  all  loathly  crime 
That  is  ingenerate  in  fleflily  flime. 
So  was  this  Virgin  borne,  fo  was  (lie  bred  ; 
So  was  (he  trayned  up  from  time  to  time 
In  all  chafte  vertue  and  true  bountihed, 

Till  to  her  dew  perfection  ihe  were  ripened. : 

IV. 

Her  mother  was  the  faire  Chryfogonee, 


III.  1.  Her  Berth  -was  of  the  ■wombe  of  morning  rfeui,]  Alluding 
to  Pfal.  ex.  3.  "  The  dew  of  thy  birth  is  of  the  womb  of  the 
morning."  This  is  difficult  to  underftand  ;  the  dew  is,  as  it 
were,  the  offspring  of  the  morning ;  a  kind  of  birth  or  con- 
ception of  the  womb  of  the  morning  :  The  offspring  of  Chrift, 
his  fubjeds,  and  Ions,  &c.  were  to  be  as  numerous  as  the  dew 
of  the  morning.     Upton. 

HI.  9- Jhe  were  ripened.]     So  the  firft 

edition  reads,  which  thofe  of  1751,  Upton,  and  Church,  follow. 
The  rell  read  "  ztas  ripened."     Todd. 

IV'.  1.  Her  jnother  -was  the  faire  Chryfogonee,  &c.]  The 
mythology  is  ail  our  poet's  own.  Belphoebe  is  queen  Elizabeth ; 
if  we  carry  on  the  allufion  Chryfogonee  (hould  be  Anna  Bullen  : 
But  this  will  not  hold  true,  no  more  than  Amorett  is  queen 
Mary,  becaufe  faid  here  to  be  fifter  of  Belphoebe.  However, 
I  neither  affirm  nor  deny  that  Amorett  is  the  type  of  Mary 
queen  of  Scots,  whom  queen  Elizabeth  called  fifler.     Upton. 


44(5  THE    FAERIE    QUEENE.  BOOK  IIR 

The  daughter  of  Amphifa,  who  by  race 
A  Faerie  was,  yborne  of  high  degree  : 
She  bore  Belphoebe  ;  (he  bore  in  hke  cace 
Fayre  Amoretta  in  the  fecond  place : 
Thefc  two  were  twinnes,  and  twixt  them  two 

did  (hare 
The  heritage  of  all  celeftiall  grace ; 
That  all  the  reft  it  feemd  they  robbed  bare 
Of  bounty,  and  of  beautie,  and  all  vertues  rare. 

V. 

It  were  a  goodly  ftorie  to  declare 

By  what  ftraunge  accident  faire  Chryfogone 
Conceived  thefe  infants,  and  how  them  llie 

bare 
In  thisAvilde  forreft  wandring  all  alone, 
After  {be  had  nine  moneths  fulfild  and  gone  : 
For  not  as  other  wemens  commune  brood 
They  were  enwombed  in  the  facred  throne 
Of  her  chafte  bodie  ;  nor  with  commune  food, 

As  other  wemens  babes,  they  fucked  vitall  blood : 

VI. 

But  wondroufly  they  were  begot  and  bred 

Through  influence  of  th'  hevens  fruitfull  ray, 
•    As  it  in  antique  bookes  is  mentioned. 


V.  3. Jhc  bare]     This  is  the 

rhythmical  emendation  of  the  fecond  edition,  which  all  fub- 
fequent  editions  have  admitted,  except  that  of  1751,  in  which 
the  reading  of  the  firfl  edition,  "  fhe  bore"  is  followed. 

Todd. 

VI.  3.     As  it  in  antique  bookes  is  vientioned.]     Thefe  intro- 


CANTO  Vr.        THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  447 

It  was  upon  a  fommers  Hjinle  clay, 
When  Titan  faire  his  beames  did  difplay, 
In  a  frefh  fountaine,  far  from  all  mens  vew, 
She  bath'd  her  breft  the  boyling  heat  t'allay ; 
She  bath'd  with  rofes  red  and  violets  blew, 
And  all  the  fweeteft  flowers  that  in  the  forreft 
grew : 

VII. 

Till  faint  through  yrkefome  wearines  adowne 
Upon  the  grafly  ground  herfelfe  (lie  layd 
To  fleepe,    the  whiles    a    gentle    flombring 

fwowne 
Upon  her  fell  all  naked  bare  difplayd : 
The  funbeames  bright  upon  her  body  playd, 

«ln<ftions   give  authority  to  a  ficlitious  ftory.     Thus  the  tale  of 
Canace  is  uftiered  in,  F.  Q.  iv.  ii.  32. 

"  Whylom  as  antique  Ttories  tellen  us." 
And,  in  another  place,  he  refers  to  hiitory  for  a  fandion  to  his 
invention,  F.  Q.  iii.  vi.  53. 

"  As  ye  may  elfe-where  read  that  ruefull  hiftory." 
Chaucer  frequently  makes  ufe  of  thefe  forms.     He  thus  begins 
tlie  Knight's  Tale  : 

'*  Whylom  as  olde  ftoris  tellin  us." 
And  again,  in  the  fame  Tale,  v.  Ii66. 

"  As  old  books  us  faine, 

**  Tiiat  all  this  ftorie  tellen  more  plaine." 

T.  WARToy. 

VI.  5.     his  beamiis]     Here  the  folios  and 

Hughes,  not  attending  to  the  poet's  cuil:om  of  making  beaynts^ 
armes,  &c.  frequently  diiryllables,  have  printed,  under  the 
fuppofition  of  amendment, 

"  When  Titan  faire  his  hot  beams  did  difplay."     Todd. 

VII.  5.  The  fimbeamcs  bright  vpoii  her  bodj  playd,  cS^c] 
The  mother  of  Belphoebe  conceived  from  the  rays  of  the  fun. 
One  would  imagine  that  Spenfer  had  been  reading  Sanaazarius 
De  Parfu  Virginis,  L.  ii.  37'2. 

"  Haud  aliter,  quam  quum  purum  fpecularia  folem 


448  THE    FAERIE    QUEENE.  BOOK  IIL 

Being  through  former  bathing  molUfide, 
And   pierft    into   her  wombe;    where    they 

enibayd 
With  lo  fweet  fence  and  fecret  powre  unfpide. 
That  in  her  pregnant  fleili  they  fliortly  fructifide. 

"  Aflmittaiit ;  lux  ipfa  quidem  pertranfit,  &  omnes 
"  Irrarnpunl  laxu  lenebras,  &  difcutit  umbras. 
"  lUa  manent  illajfa,  baud  ulli  pervia  vento, 
'*  Nou  hicuil,  radiis  led  tantum  obnoxia  Phoebi." 
Mahomet  fays  the  Genii  (a  higher  order  of  beings  between 
angels  and  men)  were  created  of  elementary  lire  :  "  lie  created 
man  of  clay,  but  the  Genii  he  created  of  fire  pure  from 
fmoke."  Al  Koran,  ch.  Iv.  What  wonder  that  Belphoebe 
lliould  be  thus  born,  fince  the  fun  generates  fouls,  like  rays 
and  fparks  of  fire  ?  "  Sol  (mens  mundi)  nofiras  mentes  ex  ,fefe, 
velut  fcintillulas,  diffunditat/'  Amm.  Marcell.  L.  xxi.  And 
why  more  incredible  that  Chryfogone  ihould  conceive  from  the 
rays  of  the  fun,  than  mares  fliould  conceive  from  the  wind  ? 
Pliny,  Virgil,  and  Taffo,  mention  this  wonder.  The  foul  itfelf 
is  a  ray  of  light  from  the  fource  of  all  light.  "  Omnia  Stoici 
folent  ad  igneam  naturam  referre."  Cic.  De  Nat.  Deur.  L.  iii. 
The  foul  is  intelligible  fire,  ■cr?^  vozfov.  Cic.  Tttfc.  Difp.  i. 
"  Zenoni  Stoico  animus  ignis  videtur,  &c."  So  that  to  make 
the  foul  to  be  an  ethereal,  fiery  fubftance,  a  ray  of  light,  &c. 
is  no  new  dodrine  :  And  Belphoebe  was  one  of  thefe  beings  ; 
all  elementary  purity,  and  chaftity.     Upton. 

It  is  more  probable  that  Spenfer  might  have  been  influ- 
enced by  the  following  defcription  in  the  old  Englifii  Liber 
Fejiiralis,  than  by  \"ida,  vhich  I  fuppofe  to  have  been  a 
hook  not  of  uncommon  reference  in  Spenfer's  time.  "  Thus 
may  I  liken  our  lady  refonably  to  a  precious  ftone  that 
is  called  onex,  and  is  as  clere  as  crillalle,  and  fliall  of 
kynde,  whan  the  fonne  fhyneth  hote  on  hym,  opene  and 
receyve  a  drope  of  the  dewe  of  heuen  in  to  hym,  and  thenne 
clofeth  him  ageyn  tyl  ix  monethes  after,  and  than  hit  openeth 
and  falleth  out  a  ftone  of  the  fame  kynde,  and  fo  clofeth 
ageyn  as  clofe  as  euer  hit  was  wythouten  wemme,  and  neuer 
openeth  after.  Thus  our  lady,  that  was  as  clere  as  ony 
criftalle,  &c."  Lib.  Fed.  Impr.  by  Caxton,  fol.  1483.  Sign.  i. 
viii.  A  fimilar  defcription  may  be  found  in  Fartheneia  Sacra^ 
by  H.  A.  8vo.  1633,  p.  08.     ToDD. 


CANTO  VI.  THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  449 

VIII. 

Miraculous  may  feeme  to  him  that  reades 
So  ftraunge  enfample  of  conception ; 
But  reafon  teacheth  that  the  fruitiull  feades 
Of  all  things  living,  through  impreffion 
Of  the  funbeames  in  moyft  complexion, 
Doe  life  conceive  and  quickned  are  by  kynd  : 
So,  after  Nilus  inundation. 
Infinite  ihapes  of  creatures  men  doe  fynd 

Informed  in  the  mud  on  which  the  funne  bath 

(hynd. 

IX. 

Great  father  he  of  generation 

VITI.  p.  Informed  in  the  ttiud]  That  is,  after  the  inunda- 
tion of  the  river  Nile  various  kinds  of  creatures  imperfectly 
formed  are  found  bred  in  the  mud  by  an  equivocal  generation. 
InJ'ori?ied,  imperfed,  half-formed.  He  has  Ovid  plainly  in 
view,  Mef.  i.  4'2'^. 

"  Sic  ubi  deferuit  madidos  feptemfluus  agros 

«  Nilus 

"  Plurima  cultores  verfis  animalia  glebis 
*'  Inveniunt,  et  in  his  quadam  modo  ccepta  fub  ipfum 
*'  Nafcendi  fpatium  ;  quasdam  imperf'edu  — " 
Spenfer  ufes  informed  as  the  Latins  ufe  informatus,  not  per- 
fectly formed ;    "  His  informatum  manibus  jam  parte  polita 
Fulmen  erat,"    Virg.  Mn.  viii.  426.    i.  e.    the   unformed,  un- 
finifhed,  thunder.     "  Ivformare  et  defonnare  pidoriai  aut  fta- 
tuariai  font  vocabula:  et  i?iformatio  a-moypet^ia.  eft ;"  fays  Taub- 
mannus  in  his  note  on  the  pafl'age.     Upton. 

IX.  1.  Great  father  he  of  generation  &c.]  Ovid,  Met.  i.  430. 
"  Quippe,  ubi  temperiem  fumfere  humorque  calorque, 
"  Concipiunt,  et  ab  his  oriuntur  cunda  duobus." 
Thefe  Egyptian  bypothefes  may  be  feen  in  Plutarch's  Treatife 
of  Ifts  and  Ofiris ;  where  'tis  likewife  aflerted  that  the  light 
which  comes  from  the  moon  is  of  a  moiltening  and  a  prolitick 
nature.  The  moou  is  likewife  called  there  thi  mother  of  the 
•world.     Upton. 

VOL.  IV.  G  g 


450  THE  FAEIME  QUEENE.  BOOK  HI. 

Is  riglitly  calcl,  tli'  authour  of  life  and  light ; 
And  his  faire  filler  for  creation 
INIinillreth  matter  fit,  which,  tempred  right 
With  heate  and  humour,  breedes  the  living 

wiu:ht. 
So  fprong  thefe  tvvinncs  in  womb  of  Chrj- 

fogone ; 
Yet  wilt  the  nought  thereof,  but  fore  affright 
Wondred  to  fee  her  belly  i"o  npblone, 
Which  ftill  increaft  till  (he  her  terme  had  full 

outgone. 

X. 

Whereof  conceiving  iliame  and  foule  difgrace, 
Albe  her  guiltlefle  confcience  her  cleard, 
She  fled  into  the  wildernefie  a  fpace, 
Till  that  unweeldy  burden  flie  had  reard, 
And  iliund  dillionor  which  as  death  (he  feard  : 
Where,  wearie  of  long  traveill,  downe  to  reft 
Herfelfe  (he  fet,  and  comfortably  cheard  ; 
There  a  fad  cloud  of  fleepe  her  overkeft. 

And  feized  every  fence  with  forrow  fore  oppreft. 

XL 
It  fortuned,  faire  Venus  having  loft 

Her  little  fonne,  the  winged  god  of  love, 
Who  for  fome  light  diipleafure,  which  hint 

croft. 
Was  from  her  fled  as  flit  as  ayery  dove. 
And  left  her  blisfuU  bowre  of  ioy  above ; 
(So  from  her  often  he  had  fled  away, 


CANTO  VI.        THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  451 

When  fhe  for  ought  him  fliarpely  did  reprove, 
And  wandred  in  the  world  in  ftraunge  aray, 
Difguiz'd  in  thoufand  ftiapes,  that  none  might 

him  bewray ;) 

xir. 
Him  for  to  feeke,  (lie  left  her  heavenly  hous, 
The  houfe  of  goodly  formes  and  faire  afpe^ls, 
Whence  all  the  world  derives  the  glorious 
Features  of  beautie,  and  all  Hiapes  iele6t, 
With  which  High  God  his  workmanfliip  hath 

deckt; 
And  fearched  everie  way  through  which  his 

wings 
Had  borne  him,  or  his  traft  (he  mote  detect: 
She  promift  kifies  fweet,  and  fweeter  things. 
Unto  the  man  that  of  him  tydings  to  her  brings. 

XIIL 

Firfl  (he  him  fought  in  Court,  where  moil  he 
us'd 


XII.  1.  Hitn  for  fofeelce,  &c.]  In  what  Spenfer  here  fays 
of  Venus  feeking  her  fon,  fome  things  are  taken  from  the''Epw? 

^fa9r£T»j<  of   Mofchus.       JORTIX. 

This  ftory  of  Venus  lofing  her  fon,  her  feeking  him,  and  the 
promifes  made  to  thofe  who  would  difcover  him,  Spenfer  might 
[alfo]  have  taken  from  the  Aminta  of  Tafib.     Upton. 

XII.  2. : afpe6ls,]  Hughes  and 

Upton  read  afped,  which  indeed  the  rhym.e  requires ;  but  dif- 
fonances  of  this  kind,  in  a  poem  of  fuch  length,  will  leadily 
be  pardoned.     The  poet  intended,  I  think,  ajpecis.     Todd. 

XII.  4.  Features  of  beautie,]  So  the  firft  edition  reads, 
which  thofe  of  1751,  Church,  and  Upton,  rightly  follow.  The 
reft  have  conformed  to  the  fecond  edition,  btautka  ;  a  reading, 
\vbjch  converts  an  elegant  line  into  a  heap  of  hiffes,     Todd, 

Crg2 


452  THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  BOOK  Til. 

A\  hylome  to  haunt,  but  there  flie  found  him 

not; 
But  many  there  flie  found  which  fore  accus'd 
His  fahhood,  and  with  fowle  infamous  blot 
His  cruell  deedes  and  w  icked  vvyles  did  fpot : 
Ladies   and  Lordes  {lie  every  where  mote 

heare 
Complayning,  how  with  his  empoyfned  (hot 
Their  wofull  harts  he  wounded  had  whyleare, 
And  fo  had  left  them  languifliing  twixt  hope  and 

feare. 

XIV. 
She  then  the  Cities  fought  from  gate  to  gate, 
And  everie  one  did  alke,  Did  he  him  fee  ? 
.  And  everie  one  her  anfwerd,  that  too  late 
He  had  him  feene,  and  felt  the  crueltee 
Of  his  iharpe  dartes  and  whot  artilleree : 
And  every  one  threw  forth  reproches  rife 
Of  his  mifchievous  deedes,  and  fayd  that  hee 
Was  the  difturber  of  all  civil!  life, 

The  enimy  of  peace,  and  authour  of  all  ftrife. 

XV. 
Then  in  the  Countrey  {he  abroad  him  fought, 
And  in  the  rural!  cottages  inquired ; 
AYhere  alfo  many  plaintes  to  her  were  brought, 
How  he  their  heedelefie  harts  with  love  had 

firVl, 
And    his  falfe  veiiim   throu2:h   their  veinea 
inlpir'd.:  .  .    .,. .  . 


CANTO   VI.  THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  453 

And   eke    the     gentle    ilieplieard    fwaynes, 

which  fat 
Keeping  their  fleecy  flockes  as  they  were 

hyr'd. 
She  fweetly  heard  complaine  both  how  and 

what 

Her  fonne  had  to  them  dcen  ;  yet  flie  did  fmile 

thereat. 

XVI. 

But,  when  in  none  of  all  thefe  flie  him  got. 
She  gan  avize  where  els  he  mote  him  hyde : 
At  laft  flie  her  bethought  that  Ihe  had  not 
Yet  fought  the  falvage  Woods  and  Forelts 

wyde, 
In  which  full  many  lovely  Nymphes  abyde ; 
Mongft  whom  might  be  that  he  did  clofely  lye. 
Or  that  the  love  of  fome  of  them  him  tyde  : 
Forthy  {he  thether  caft  her  courfe  t'  apply, 

To  fearch  the  fecret  haunts  of  Dianes  company. 

XVII. 

Shortly  unto  the  waftefull  woods  {he  came, 
Whereas  {lie   found  the   goddeffe  with   her 

crew, 
After  late  chace  of  their  embrewed  game. 
Sitting  befide  a  fountaine  in  a  rew ; 

X"\^I.  3. embrewed   game,]     Game  u-et 

zcith  blood.     Upton. 

XVII.  4. in  a  rew;]     Row.    See  alfo 

ft.  35.     Thus  Cower,  fol.  ix. 

"  Firft  than,  my  ordre  longeUi  to 

"  The  vices  for  to  tell  on  i-ewe."     Uptox. 

G  g  3 


454'  THE  FAERIE  QUEEXE.  BOOK  III.. 

Some  of  them  waihing  with  the  hquid  dew 
From  off  their  dainty  hmbs  the  duity  fweat 
And  loyle,  which  did  deforme  their  hvely 

hew ; 
Others  lav  fliaded  from  the  fcorchi ng  heat; 
The  relt  upon  her  perfon  gave  attendance  great. 

XVIII. 

She,  having  hong  upon  a  bough  on  high 
Her  bow  and  painted  quiver,  had  unlade 
Her  fdver  buikins  from  her  nimble  thigh, 
And  her  lanck  lovnes  un2;irt,  and  breils  un- 

bralte. 
After  her  heat  the  breathing  cold  to  taite; 
Her  golden  lockes,  that  late  in  treflles  bright 
Embreaded  were  for  hindring  of  her  hafte. 
Now  loofe  about  her  fhoulders  hong  undight, 

And  were  with  fweet  Ambrolia  all  befprinckled 

light. 

XIX. 

Soone  as  (lie  Venus  faw  behinde  her  backe. 


XVIII.  -i.     her    lanck   loynes]       Her  (lender  wailt. 

So,  in  F.  Q.  iii.  ix.  21.  "  Her  laiickji/de."     Church. 

XVIII.  7. for  hindring  ^cJ]     That  they  might 

not  hinder.     See  the  note  on  F.  Q.  ii.  xii.  35.     Church. 

XVIII.  9'  ■^'^(l'  '^'-'''(^  withfuect  Ambrojla  all  befprinckled  light.] 
This  verl'e  is  imitated  either  Ironi  Homer,  deicribing  the  locl<s 
of  Jupiter,  AaC^V»«»  ;)(;aiT«t,  //.  a.  52<) ;  or  from  Virgil,  de- 
fcribing  the  locks  of  Venus,  ^En.  i.  40o. 

•'  AmbrofiEcque  comae  divinum  vertice  odorem 
"  Spiravere."     Uptov. 

XIX.  1.  Soone  as  Jhe  &c.]  The  piclure,  which  car  poet 
hero  draws  of  Diana  and  her  nymphs  furpri;^cd  by  Venus,  feems 


CANTO  VI.         THE  FAEHIE  QUEENE.  455 

She  was  aniamVl  to  be  fo  loofe  furpriz'd ; 
And  woxe  halfe  wroth  againft  her  damzels 

flacke, 
That  had  not  her  thereof  before  aviz'd, 
But  fuffred  her  fo  carelefly  disguiz'd 
Be  overtaken  :  Soone  her  garments  loofe 
Upgath'ring,  in  her  bofome  flie  compriz'd 
Well  as  (lie  might,  and  to  the  goddefle  rofe  ; 
Whiles  all  her  nymphes  did  like  a  girlond  her 

enclofe. 

XX. 
Goodly  (lie  gan  faire  Cytherea  greet. 

And  fhortly  afked  her  what  caufe  her  brought. 

Into  that  wilderneile  for  her  unmeet. 

From  her  fweete  bowres  and  beds  with  plea- 

fures  fraught: 
That  fuddein  chauno;  flie  ftrauncc  adventure 

thought. 
To  whom  halfe  weeping  flie  thus  anfwered  ; 
That  ilie  her  deareft  fonne  Cupido  fought, 
Who  in  his  frowardnes  from  her  was  fled  ; 

That  flie  repented  fore  to  have  him  angered. 

XXI. 
Thereat  Diana  gan  to  fmile,  in  fcorne 

Of  her  vaine  playnt,  and  to  her  fcoffing  fayd  ; 

taken  from  the  ftory  of  Acleon  in  Ovid ;  and  the  clofing  verfe, 
"  Whiles  all  her  nymphes  did  like  a  girlond  her  inclofe,"  is 
plainly  a  tranflation  of  Met.  iii.  180. 

"  circumfufaeque  Dianam 

"  Corporibus  texere  fuis."     LIpton. 

G  g4  ^ 


456  THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  BOOK  III. 

"  Great  pitty  Aire  that  ye  be  fo  forlorne 

Of  your  gay  fonne,  that  gives  you  fo  good  ayd 

To  3^our  dii'ports ;  ill  mote  ye  bene  apayd  !" 

But  llie  was  more  engrieved,  and  replide; 

"  Faire  filler,  ill  befeemes  it  to  upbrayd 

A  dolefuU  heart  with  fo  difdainfuU  pride  ; 

The  like  that  mine  may  be  your  paine  another 

tide. 

XXII. 

"  As  you  in  woods  and  wanton  wilderneffe 
Your  glory  fett  to  chace  the  falvage  beads ; 
So  my  delight  is  all  in  ioyfulnoflfb, 
In  beds,  in  bowres,  in  banckets,  and  in  feafts: 
And  ill  becomes  you,  with  your  lofty  creafts, 
To  fcornc  the  ioye  that  love  is  glad  to  feeke : 
Vie  both   are  bownd  to  follow  heavens  be- 

heafts, 
And  tend  our  charges  with  obeifaunce  meeke : 

Spare,  gentle  fifter,  with  rcproch  my  paine  to 
eeke; 

XXII.  1. wanton  uUdcniclJc]     The  epithet 

ziantofi  here  feems  improper.     I  fhould  luppofe  Spenfer  gave 
xvajiefull.      See  ft.  17.  "  Shortly  unto  the  wajlejull  woods  &r." 

CllUKCII. 

Vo^ihly  wanton  is  here  ufed   in  the  fenfe  oHircgular,  as  in 
ShakJ'peare,  Midf.  N.  Dr.  A.  ii.  S.  i.  ■  ,  .   • 

"  the  quaint  mazes  of  this  wanton  green 

"  For  lack  of  tread  are  undiftinguilhable." 
And  in  Milton,  ArcadeSy  ver.  46. 

«  the  grove 

"  With  ringlets  quaint,  and  wanton  windings  \vove," 

Todd. 


CANTO  VI.        THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  457- 


» 


XXIII. 

"  And  tell  me  if  that  ye  my  fonne  have  heard 
To  lurke  emongftyour  nimphes  in  fecret  wize, 
Or  keepe  their  cabins  :  much  I  am  afFeard 
Leaft  he  hke  one  of  them  himfelfe  difgulze. 
And  turne  his  arrowes  to  their  exercize : 
So  may  he  long  himfelfe  full  eafie  hide ; 
For  he  is  faire,  and  frefli  in  face  and  guize 
As  any  nimphe ;  let  not  it  be  envide/' 

So  faying  every  nimph  full  narrowly  Ihee  eide. 

XXIV. 
But  Phoebe  therewith  fore  was  angered, 

And  Iharply  faide ;  "  Goe,  dame ;  goe,  feeke 

your  boy, 
Where  you  him  lately  lefte,  in  Mars  his  bed  : 
He  comes  not  here  ;  we  fcorne  his  fooliih  ioy, 

XXIII,  8. let  not  it  he  envide.]     Be  it  no 

oftence,  or  perhaps,  as  we  ufually  lay,  You'll  pardon  me. 

Church. 

XXIV.  4>  He  comes  not  here;  &c.]  I  fcarce  doubt  but 
that  Spenfer  had  in  view  the  Epigram  in  Antholog.  p.  xi.  where 
the  Mufes  reply  to  Venus,  who  was  perfuading  them  to  pay 
fome  greater  regard  to  her,  or  (lie  would  arm  her  fon  againit 
them  :  "  Go  to,  fay  they,  and  talk  in  this  impudent  ftrain  to 
JMars ;  that  boy  of  yours  comes  not  to  us,  He  comes  not  hcre^ 
we /corn  his  fool  ijh  joy." 

Apu  Ta  ^ufn-VAx  TaVTOt 

Hjjl7v  0  «  TTsTaraj  rare;  to  Tratoacio!/. 
Obferve  likewife  this  elegant  larcafm,  "we  fcorn  his  fool  ijji 
joy  ;"  in  allufion  to  the  name  of  Venus,  Affo^irv,  fo  named,  as 
fome  fay,  aTro  aip^oo-^**)?,  from  the  follies,  and  the  madnefles,  with 
which  this  goddefs  of  beauty  infpires  her  votaries.  See  Eurip. 
Troad.  gsg. 

TA  MflPA  yap  nta-vi:   Irtv  A(p^od'kT*j  t^oTor?, 


4o8  THE  FAERIE  QUEEXE.  BOOK  lU. 

Ne  lend  we  leifure  to  his  Idle  toy : 
But,  if  I  catch  him  in  this  company, 
^y  Stygian  lake  I  vow,  whofe  fad  annoy 
The  gods  doe  dread,  he  dearly  iliall  abye  : 
He   clip  his  wanton   wings  that   he  no   more 
lliall  flye." 

XXV. 

"Whom  whenas  Venus  faw  fo  fore  difpleafd, 
Shee  inly  fory  was,  and  gan  relent 
"What  fhee  hadfaid;  fo  herfhee  foone  appeafd 
"With  fugred  words  and  gentle  blandiihment, 
'V^'hich  as  a  fountaine   from  her  fweete  lips 
went 

Euripides  likewife  in  his  Hippolytus  ufes  fj.ai^ia,  i.  e.  fofli/,  for 
immodcjly  ;  and  Plautus,  in  the  fame  lenk,  i'ays  Jiulte  Jacere. 
Several  niftances  Ibere  are  in  Scripture  where  "  to  play  the 
whore,"  and  "  to  act  folly,"  are  expreffions  of  the  fame  im- 
port.    Upton. 

XX IV'.  7.    Bj/  Sfygwn  lake  I  von:,  kc]    Virgil,  Mn.  vi.  324. 

"  Stygiamque  paludem, 

"  Dii  cujus  jurare  timent,  et  fallere  numen."     Upton. 

XXIV.  8. lie  dear/i/ J/wtl  abye:]     Hefhall 

fvfferfor  it,  ihaW  pay  dearly.  So,  in  F.  Q.  vi.  xi,  15.  "  Whofo 
liardie  hand  on  her  doth  lay,  it  dearcly  Jhall  aby."  And,  in 
F.  Q.  ii,  viii.  33.  "That  direfull  ftroke  thou  dearelyjhalt  Ah\T! 
The  fame  threat  occurs  in  the  Pinner  uf  Wakefield.,  1599. 

"  thou  flialt  dear  aby  this  blow."     Todd. 

XXV.  5.  Which  as  a  fountaine  (S:c.]  So  the  folios  and 
Hughes  read.  Spenfer's  own  editions,  and  the  edition  of 
1751,  read 

"  From  uhieh  a  fountaine  &c." 
But  I  incline  to  think  Spenfer  gave 

"  fy  which  a  fountaine  &c." 
So,  in  F,  Q.  ii.  vi.  6. 

"  And  greatly  ioyed  merry  tales  to  faine, 

"  Ofuhich  ajlore-hoiife  did  with  her  remaine." 
Tlie  fenfe   is,  flic  hud  a  never-failing  fupply  of  fugred  words. 


CANTO  VI.  THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  45^ 

And  welled  goodly  forth,  that  in  fliort  fpace 
She  was  well  pleaid,  and  forth  her  damzells 

ient 
Through  all  the  woods,  to  fearch  from  place 

to  place 
If  any  tra6l  of  him  or  tidings  they  mote  trace. 

XXVI. 

To  fearch  the  god  of  love  her  nimphes  (lie  fent 
Throughout  the  wandring  foreft  every  where  : 
And  after  them  herfelfe  eke  with  her  went 
To  feeke  the  fugitive  both  farre  and  nere. 
So  long  they  fought,  till  they  arrived  were 
In  that  fame  fhady  covert  whereas  lay 
Faire  Cryfogone  in  flombry  traunce  whilere  ; 
Who  in  her  fleepe  (a  wondrous  thing  to  fay) 
Unwares   had    borne    two    Babes  as    faire  as 
fpringing  day. 

XXVII. 

Unwares  fhe  them  conceivd,  unwares  flie  bore  : 

Of  •which  (I  founfdine  Sec.  to  goodly  forth,  (liould  be  read  as  in  a 
parenthefis.     Church. 

I  rather  agree  with  Mr.  Upton  that  the  folios  have  pre» 
fented  the  true  reading  ;  and  accordingly,  with  him,  I  have 
admitted  that  emendation  into  the  text.  Tonlbn's  edition  of 
1758  has  alfo  followed  this  reading.     Tf)DD. 

XXVI.  2.  Throughout  the  xcandring  forcjl]  That  is,  wan- 
dering throusfhout  the  foreft.     Church; 

XXVI.  4.  Tofeekc  the  fugitive  both  farre  and  nere,"]  In  the 
lirfl  edition  the  hemiftich  "  both  farre  and  nere,"  is  wanting. 
It  is  fonnd  in  the  poet's  fecond  edition,  and  has  been  admitted 
into  the  text  of  every  fubi'equent  edition  except  that  of  Mr. 
Church,  who  confiders  "  To  feeke  the  fugitive"  as  one  of  thofe 
hemiftichs  dellgnedly  left  by  Spenfer,  and  the  remainder  as 
having  been  filled  up,  but  not  by  the  poet  himfelf,  from  a  likeex- 
|)reffion,  F.  Q,  iv.  vi.  36'.  "  I  fought  her  far  and  laeare."  Todd. 


460  THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.     BOOK  III. 

She  bore  withouten  paine,  that  ihe  conceiv'd 
Withouten  pleafure ;  ne  her  need  implore 
Lucinaes  aide  :   Vv  hich  when  thej  both  per- 
ceived, 
They   were   through   wonder  nigh  of  fence 

berev'd, 
And  gazing  each  on  other  nought  befpake: 
At  laft  they  both  agreed  her  feeming  griev'd 
Out  of  her  heavie  fwowne  not  to  awake, 
But  from  her  loving  fide  the  tender  Babes  to 

take. 

XXVIII. 

Up  they  them  tooke,  each  one  a  Babe  uptooke. 

And  with  them  carried  to  be  foftered : 

Dame   Phoebe   to  a  nymphe  her  Babe  be- 

tooke 

To  be  upbrought  in  perfe6l  Maydenhed, 

And,  of  herfelfe,  her  name  Belphoebe  red  : 

But  Venus  hers  thence  far  away  convayd, 


XXVII.  2.  She  bore  -withouten  paine,']  Goddefles  and  he- 
roines often  bring  forth  their  children  without  pain:  So  Latona 
brought  forth  Diana.  See  Callim.  in  Hijmn.  Dian.  ver.  24. 
So  Danaii  brought  forth  Perfeus;  and  Alcmena  Hercules. 

Upton. 

XXVIII.  3. betooke]     Delivered.    See 

the  note  on  betake,  F.  Q.  i.  xii.  25.     Todd. 

XX\'III.  4.  vpbrought]  Some  editions  have  con- 
certed this  word  of  Spcnfer,  which  is  alfo  repeated  in  the 
ftanza,  into  brought  up ;  as  if  forfooth  the  old  word  did  not 
futliciently,  or,  at  leaft  in  the  corredor's  opinion,  not  elegantly, 
explani  the  circumftance  defcribed.     Todd. 

XXVIII.  ().     thence]     So  the  firfi  edition  reads ; 

much  better  than  feveral  fubfequent  editions,  hence.     Upton. 


CANTO  VI.         THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  46l 

To  be  upbrought  in  goodly  womaiihed  ; 
And,   in   her  litle   Loves   ftead  which   was 
llrayd, 
Her  Amoretta  cald,  to  comfort  her  difmayd. 

XXIX. 

She  brought  her  to  her  iojous  Paradize 

AVher  mod  (he  wonnes,  when  fhe  on  earth 

does  dwell, 
So  faire  a  place  as  nature  can  devize : 
Whether  in  Paphos,  or  Cytheron  hill. 
Or  it  in  G nidus  bee,  I  wote  not  well; 
But  well  I  wote  by  triall,  that  this  fame 
Ail  other  pleafaunt  places  doth  excell, 
And  called  is,  by  her  loft  lovers  name, 

The  Gardin  of  Adonis,  far  renowmd  by  fame. 

XXX. 

In  that  fame  Gardin  all  the  goodly  flowres. 


XXIX.  4. Cytheron]     See  the  note  on  Cj/f^erow, 

F,  Q.  vi.  X.  9,     Church. 

XXIX.  9.  T/ic  Gardin  of  Adonis,  far  renoxvmd  &c.]  Pliny, 
xix.  4.  "  Antiquitas  nihil  prius  mirata  eft  quatn  Hefperiduin 
Hortos,  ac  regum  Adonidls  et  Alcinoi,"     Joutin. 

XXX.  I.  In  that  fame  Gardin  &c.]  In  his  particular  de- 
fcription  of  this  garden,  the  general  idea  of  which  is  founded 
in  ancient  ftory,  he  perhaps  had  an  eye  to  that  part  of  the  fable 
of  Adonis,  in  which  he  is  fuppofed  to  reprefent  the  fun,  which 
quickens  the  growth  of  all  things.  Thus  Orpheus  in  his  Hymn 
to  Adonis. 

Others  reprefent  him  as  the  feed   of  wheat.     Thus   the  fcho- 
liafts  on  Theocritus,  Idij/l.  iii.  48.  "  Talo  to  Mfai^ivo),  tou/Ioj/  ert* 


462  THE  FAEKIE  QUEENE.    BOOK  III, 

AVherewilh  dame  Nature  doth  her  beautify 
And  decks  the  girlonds  of  her  paramoures, 
Are  fetcht :  There  is  the  firft  feminary 
Of  all  things  that  are  borne  to  live  and  dye, 
According  to  their  kynds.     Long  worke  it 

were 
Here  to  account  the  endleffe  progeny 
Of  all   the  weeds   that    bud  and    bloffome 
there  ; 
But  fo   much    as   doth    need    muft  needs  be 

counted  here. 

XXXI. 
It  fited  was  in  fruitful!  foyle  of  old, 

a=£t)?,  xl  txlois  y^u.y.QcivBj-ov  ot.v\rjv  o»  oct^^uiroi."     Orpheus,  ill  the  same 
hymn,  calls  the  body  of  Adonis,  Ai^a.^  u:^ioy.a.^vov. 

He  has  placed  Cupid  and  Pfyche  in  this  garden,  where  they 
live  together,  in  *'  Stedfaft  love,  and  happy  ftate,"  ft.  50.  But 
Apuleius  reprefents  this  happy  ftaie  of  Cupid  and  Piyche,  to 
have  commenced  after  their  deception  into  heaven.  However 
tiieir  ofi'spring  Pleajure  is  authorifed  by  Apuleius.  "  Sic  ecce 
Pfijche  venit  in  manum  Cupidinis ;  et  nafcilur  illis  maturo  partu 
/ilia  (juam  Vuhipfatcm  nominamus,"  Met.  i.  6.  He  has  made 
Fleafure  the  daughter  of  Cupid  in  another  poem.  Speaking  to 
that  deity,  Hymne  t(j  Love  : 

"  There  with  thy  daughter  Pleasure  they  do  play 

"  Their  hurtlefl'e  fports."     T.  Warton. 

XXX.  7.     ^0  account]     To  fell  over,  to  nmnber.     Church. 

XXXI.  1.  It  fited  was  &c.]  It  may  be  proper  to  fee  how 
fome  of  the  ancients  allegorifed  this  faille,  which  take  in  the 
w'ords  of  the  learned  Sandys,  who  thus  writes  in  his  Travels;, 
p.  209.  "  Biblis  was  the  royal  feat  of  Cyaeras,  who  was  alfo 
king  of  Cyprus,  the  father  of  Adonis  ftaine  by  a  bore;  deified, 
and  yeerly  deplored  by  the  Syrians  in  the  moneth  of  June  ; 
they  then  whipping  themfelves  with  univerfal  lamentations : 
which  done,  upon  one  day  they  facrificed  unto  his  foule,  as  if 
dead ;  affirming  on  the  next  that  he  lived,  and  was  afcended 


CANTO  VI.  THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  4G5 

And  girt  in  with  two  walls  on  either  fide  ; 
The  one  of  yron,  the  other  of  bright  gold, 
That  none  might  thorough  breake,  nor  over- 

ftride : 
And  double  gates  it  had  which  opened  wide, 
By  which  both  in  and  out  men  moten  pas ; 
Til'  one  faire  and  freih,  the  other  old  and 

dride : 
Old  Genius  the  porter  of  them  was, 
Old  Genius,  the  which  a  double  nature  has. 

into  heaven.     For  feigned  it  is,  that  Venus  made  an  agreement  \ 
with  Proferpina,  that  for  fix  moneths  of  the  yeere  he  Ihould  be 
prefent  with  either :  alluding  unto  corne,  which  for  fo  long  is 
buried  under  the  earth,  and  for  the  reft  of  the  yeare  embraced 
by  liie  temperate  aire,   which  is  Venus.     But  in  the  general 
allegory,  Adonis  is  laid  to  be  the  Sunne,  the  Boar  the  Winter, 
whereby  his  heate  is  extinguilhed  ;  when  defolate,  Veims  (the 
£arth)  doth  mourne  for  his  absence  ;  recreated  againe  by  his 
approach,  and  procreative  vertue."     The  allegory  of  Adonis  is 
in  the  fame  manner  explained  by  Macrobius,  Lib.  i.  Cap.  xxi. 
'But  Spenfer  varies  from  anticjuity  frequently  both  in  mytho- 
logy and  allegory.     And,   in  this  fable  of  Adonis,  he  is  more 
iphilofophical  than  any  of  the  ancients  in  their  interpretations 
of  it.     Let   us  then  fee  how  our  poet  allegorifes.     Firft,  this 
<5arden   of  Adonis  is   the  Univcrfe ;  from  its  beauty  and  ele- 
gance named  o  Koa-//.o?,  MuNDUS.     There,  viz.  in  this  Garden, 
is  the  firft  fouinari/  of'  all  f kings,  namely,  all  the  elements,  the 
materials,  principles,  and  feeds  of  all  things.     This  Garden  or 
Univerfe  is  girded  with  two  walls,  "  The  one  of  yron,  the  other 
of  bright  gold."     Lucretius  mentions  often   the  Walls  of  the 
Univerfe,  7iuciiia  niunJi,  i.  74,  v.  J  20;  meaning  its  faftenings 
and  bindings  ;  thefe  walls  were  ftrong  and  beautiful,  the  one 
of  iron  the  other  of  gold  ;  with  two  gates,  imaging  the  entrance 
into  life,  and  the  going  out  of  it.     L'pton. 

XXXI.  8.  Old  Genius  &c.]  The  Genius,  fpoken  of  in  this 
and  the  following  ftanzas,  feeins  to  be  that  which  is  reprefented 
in  the  Pifture  of  the  fophift  Cebes.  O^uIb,  c<p-n,  toi/  'ro•£g^Co^o)'  thIov; 
dpuLLtv.      T4?Jo    moul'jv  on  tioiva-i  vixcc.(;,    or*  y.otMiicn  o  totto?  alo?,  BIOS. 


464  THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  BOOK  III. 

XXXII. 

He  letteth  in,  he  letteth  out  to  wend 
All  that  to  come  into  the  Morld  defu'e : 
A  thouland  thoufand  naked  babes  attend 
About  him  day  and  night,  which  doe  require 
That  he  with  flellily  weeds  would  them  attire : 
Such  as  him  lift,  fuch  as  eternall  fate 
Ordained  hath,  he  clothes  with  fmfull  mire, 
And  fendeth  forth  to  live  in  mortall  ftate, 

Till  they  agJiyn  returne  backe  by  the  hinder  gate. 

XXXIil. 

After  that  they  againe  retourned  beene, 
They  in  that  Gardin  planted  bee  agayne. 
And  grow  afrelh,  as  they  had  never  feene 

npoirlalTn  oi  T015  iKrTTcpivQfjLittoi^  T»  o£»  otvlai  'n:o»Ei>,   x.  t.  h. 

T.  Warton. 
XXXII,  3-  A  thoiifiind  thoufand  naked  babes  attend^  It  has 
been  the  opinion  of  fome,  that,  when  God  formed  the  foul  of 
Adam,  he  then  formed  the  fouls  likewife  of  all  mankind  ;  and 
from  this  preexiftent  ftate  they  are  to  transmigrate  into  their 
refpedtive  bodies.  The  thoufand  thoufand  naked  babes  are  the 
fouls  in  their  preexiftent  ftate,  divefted  of  body.  This  or  the 
like  dodlrine  of  the  preexiftence  of  fouls  is  the  foundation  of 
the  tineft  book  in  the  JEneid : 

"  At  pater  Anchifes  penitus  convalle  virenti 
"  Inclufas  animas,  fuperumque  ad  lumen  ituras, 

*'  Luftrabat  ftudio  recolens. 

• "  animse  quibus  altera  fato 

"  Corpora  debentur."     Upton. 

XXXII.  7. clothes  withjinfull  mire,']    So,  in 

Job  X.  11.  "  Thou  haft  clothed  me  uithjkin  andjiejh." 

Todd. 

XXXIII.  3. as  they  had  never  feene 

Flejhly   corruption]     Pfalm   xvi.    10.    *'   Nor 
wilt  thou  fufFer  thine  Holy  One  to/e«  corruption,"    Todd, 


CANTO  VI.        THE  FAEKIE  QUEEXE.  A65 

Fleilily  corruption  nor  mortall  payne  : 
Some   thoLilknd  yeares   lb   doen  they  there 

remayne, 
And  then  of  him  are  clad  with  other  hew, 
Or  fent  into  the  chaungefull  world  agayne. 
Till  thether  they   retourne  where  ini\  they 
grew : 
So,  like  a  wheele,  arownd  they  ronne  from  old 

to  new. 

XXXIV. 
Ne  needs  there  gardmer  to  fett  or  fow, 

XXXIII.  9-  So,  nice  a  xvluele,  arouciid  they  ronne  from  old  to 
wett'.]  This  i-everfion  and  permutation  of  things  in  this  garden 
of  Adonis  feems  imaged  from  the  doftrine  of  Pythagoras,  Ov. 
Met.  XV.  165. 

"  Omnia  mutantur,  nihil  interit ;  errat  et  illinc, 

"  Hue  venit,  hinc  illinc,  et  quoflibet  occupat  aftus 

"  Spiritus." 
And,  fpeaking  of  the  change  of  the  elements,  Ovid  adds, 

"  Inde  retro  redeunt,  idemque  retexitur  ordo." 
Which  is  very  like  Spenfer's  dodrine,  *'  So,  like  a  iclieek^ 
arownd  they  ronne  from  old  to  new."  So,  in  Plato's  Timaus  : 
T5to  af*a  vSiv  OION  TPOXOT  nEPlArOMENOY  y'^ymcct.  The 
^Egyptians  (as  Herodotus  informs  us  in  Euterpe')  were  the  firft 
who  afferted  the  immortality  of  the  foul ;  which,  after  the  de- 
ftruAion  of  the  body,  always  enters  into  feme  other  animal ; 
and,  by  a  continued  rotation  paffing  through  various  kinds  of 
beings,  returns  again  into  a  human  body  after  a  revolution  of 
three  thou/and  years.  So  Spenfer  fays,  "  Some  thoufand  yeares 
fo  doen  they  there  remayne."     And  thus  Virgil,  jEn.  vi.  7-i. 

"  Has  onaies  ubi  mille  rotam  volvere  per  annos 

"  LethiEum  ad  fluvmm  deus   [old  Genius]   evocat  agmine 
magno, 

**  Scilicet  immemores  fupera  ut  conve.xa  revifant." 
Compare  Plato  de  Repub.  L.  x.  Itv«t  ^e  t»jv  iro^Uctv  yi^nrri.     I 
think  'tis  plain  from  hiftory,   that  Orpheus  brought  thefe  doc- 
trines firft  from  ^Egypt,  which  were  afterwards  better  fyftema- 
tifed  by  Pythagoras  and  Plato.     Upton. 

VOL.  IV.  H  h 


A66  THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  BOOK  III. 

V  To  plant  or  prune  ;  for  of  their  owne  accord 
All  things,  as  they  created  were,  doe  grow, 
And  3^et  remember  well  the  Mighty  Word 
Which  firfl  was  fpoken  by  th'  Almighty  Lord, 

,  That  bad  them  to  incrcafe  and  multiply : 
Ne  doe  they  need,  with  water  of  the  ford 
Or  of  the  clouds,  to  moyften  their  roots  dry; 

For  in  themfelves  eternall  moifture  they  imply. 

XXXV. 

Infinite  (hapes  of  creatures  there  are  bred, 
And   uncouth  formes,  which  none  yet  ever 

knew : 
And  every  fort  is  in  a  fondry  bed 
Sett  by  itfelfe,  and  ranckt  in  comely  rew ; 
Some  fitt  for  reafonable  fowles  t'  indew ; 
Some  made  for  beafts,  fome  made  for  birds 

to  weare ; 
And  all  the  fruitfull  fpawne  of  fifhes  hew 
In  endlefle  rancks  along  enraunged  were. 
That  feemd  the  ocean  could  not  containe  them 

there. 

XXXIV.  9. imply.]     Jf^rap  vp,  that  is, 

they  contain  in  themfelves  eternal  moillure.    Lat.  implko. 

Church. 

XXXV.  5. indew ;]      Lat.  inducre, 

to  put  on,  to  be  clothed  with.     See  alio  C.  viii.  ft.  40. 

Church. 
XXXV.  6.     Some  made  for   benjis,]     One  order  of  beings 
never  breaks  in  upon  the  preeftablilhed  order  of  other  beings. 
He  has  plainly  St.  Paul  in  view,  I  Cor.  xv.  39-  as  in  the  Stanza 
above,  G€fi.  i.  22.     Upton. 


CANTO  VI.        THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  4()/ 

XXXVI. 
Daily  they  grow,  and  daily  forth  are  fent 
Into  the  world,  it  to  replenifli  more ; 
Yet  is  the  ftocke  not  leffened  nor  fpent, 
But  itill  remaines  in  everlafting  (lore 
As  it  at  firft  created  was  of  yore  : 
For  in  the  wide  wombe  of  the  world  there 

lyes, 
In  hatefull  darknes  and  in  deepe  horrore. 
An  huge  eternall  Chaos,  which  fupplyes 
The  fubllaunces  of  Natures  fruitful!  progenyes. 

XXXVII. 
All  things  from  thence  doe  their  firft  being 
fetch, 
And  borrow  matter  whereof  they  are  made ; 
Which,  whenas  forme  and  feature  it  does 

ketch, 
Becomes  a  body,  and  doth  then  invade 
The  ftate  of  life  out  of  the  griefly  (hade. 
That  fubftaunce  is  eterne,  and  bideth  fo ; 
Ne,  when  the  life  decayes  and  forme  does 

fade. 
Doth  it  confume  and  into  nothing  goe, 
But  chaunged  is  and  often  altred  to  and  froe. 

XXXVIII. 

The  fubftaunce  is  not  chaungd  nor  altered, 
But  th'  only  forme  and  outward  fafliion ; 

XXXVII.  4. invade]     Go  into.  Lat. 

invado.     Church. 

H  h  2 


> 


4G8  THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  BOOK  III. 

For  every  fubftaunce  is  conditioned 

To  chaunge  her  hew,  and  ibndry  formes  to  don, 

IVIeet  for  her  temper  and  complexion : 

For  formes  are  variable^  and  decay 

By  courfe  of  kinde  and  by  occalion ; 

And  that  faiie  flow  re  of  beautie  fades  away. 

As  doth  the  lllly  ficth  before  the  funny  ray. 

xxxix. 
Great  enimy  to  it,  and  to'  all  the  reffc 

That  in  the  Gardin  of  Adonis  fprings, 
•  Is  wicked  Time  ;  Mho  with  his  icyth  addreft 
Does  mow  the  flowring  herbes  and  goodly 
t  things, 

And  all   their  glory  to   the   ground  downe 

flings, 
AVhere  they  do  wither  and  are  fowly  mard : 
He  flyes  about,  and  with  his  flaggy  wings 
Beates  downe  both  leaves  and  buds  without 
regard, 
Ne  ever  pitty  may  relent  his  malice  hard. 

XXXVIII.  3.     For  every  fiihjUunce  iscondilbmed 

Toehaungc  her  liev:,  and Jhtidnj  formes  to  don,'] 
To  don,  \.  e.  to  put  on.     The  reiider  will  loe  all  this  dodrine  in 
the  old  TinicBus,  and  in  the  TimcEus  of  Plato,  \v\\cre  fuhftancc, 
or  matter,  is  callerl  Tracr*)?  yiviatui;  V7rrj^r>x/I,  olov  TtS>iv»! — voivdex'^i 
and  in  p.  50.     Ex/x,«7?iov  yccp  (pvan  'OxccvtI  xurca,  xiviiixivov  n  x^   diao-- 

Compare  Timaeus  Locrus,  p.  <H-     Ipton. 

XXXIX.  ]. and  to' a /I]  So  Spenfer's  own  edi- 
tions road ;  but  feveral  fiibfequent  editions  liave  thought 
proper  to  reject  to.     See  alio  the  note  on  the  laft  Canto,  ft.  jO. 

XXXIX.  9. relent]     SuJ'len.     Fr.  ralentir. 

Church. 


CANTO  VI.        THE    FAERIE    QUEENE.  46"9 

XL. 

Yet  pitty  often  did  the  gods  relent, 

To  fee  fo  faire   thinges  mard    and   fpoiled 

quight : 
And  their  great  mother  Venus  did  lament 
The  loffe  of  her  deare  brood,  her  deare  de- 
light : 
Her  hart  was  pierft  with  pitty  at  the  fight, 
When  walking  through  the  Gardin  them  llie 

fpyde, 
Yet   no'te    flie   find   redreille    for    fucli   def- 

pight : 
For  all  that  lives  is  fubie6l  to  that  law : 
All  things  decay  in  time,  and  to  their  end  doe 
draw. 

XLI. 

But  were  it  not  that  Time  their  troubler  is. 
All  that  in  this  delightfull  Gardin  growes 
Should  happy  bee,  and  have  immortall  blis: 
For  here  all  plenty  and  all  pleafure  flowes  ; 
And  fweete  Love  gentle  fitts  emongfi;  them 

throwes, 
Without  fell  rancor  or  fond  gealofy : 
Franckly  each  paramour  his  leman  knowes ; 
Each  bird  his  mate ;  ne  any  does  envy 

Their  goodly  meriment  and  gay  felicity. 

XL.  6". them  JJ}e   fpyde,]     So  all   tlie  edi- 
tions.    The  rhyme  requires  "  them  ihefaw."     Chvrcii. 

H  h3 


470  THE    FAERIE    QUEENE.  BOOK  III, 

XLTI. 

There  is  continuall  fpring,  and  harveft  there 
Continuall,  both  meeting  at  one  tyme  : 
Tor  both   the  boughes   doe  laughing   blof- 
fonis  beare, 
•   And  with   fredi   colours  decke  the   wanton 
pryme, 
And  eke  attonce  the  heavy  trees  they  clyme, 
AVhichfeeme  to  labour  under  their  fruiteslode: 
The  whiles  the  ioyous  birdes  make  their  paftyme 

XLII.  1.      There  is  continuall  fpring,  and  harveji  there 

Continuall,  both  meeting  at  one  tyme  :  &c.]  Per- 
petual Spring  makes  no  fmall  part  of  the  defcriptions  of  the 
])aradifaical  Itate,  of  the  fortunate  iflauds,  Elyfian  fields,  gar- 
dens of  the  Hefperides,  of  the  gardens  of  Alcinous,  of  the 
golden  age,  &c.  kc.  "  Ver  erat  seternum,"  Ov.  Met.  i.  107. 
See  alfo  Virg.  Georg.  ii.  336'.  And  Milton  Par.  L.  B.  iv.  266, 
&c.  The  trees  bearing  blolToms  and  fruit  at  the  fame  time,  are 
taken  from  Homer's  defcription  of  the  garden  of  Alcinous,  and 
imitated  both  by  Taflb  in  his  defcription  of  the  garden  of 
Armida,  and  by  Milton  in  his  deicription  of  Paradife,  B.  iv. 
1-1-7.  Among  other  poets,  which  Spenl'er  confulted  in  adorning 
thefe  gardens  of  Adonis,  he  did  not  forget  Claudian,  De  Nupt. 
Hon.  et  Clarice,  where  there  is  a  defcription  of  the  garden 
of  Venus. 

"  ^Eterni  patet  indulgentia  veris  : 

"  In  campum  i'e  fundit  apex 

"  Vivunt  in  Venerem  frondes,  omnifque  vicilTim 

"  Felix  arbor  amat."     Upton. 

XLII.  3. laughing   blojfoms]      From  Virgil, 

Ed.  iv.  90. 

"   Mixtaque  ;i</e«fi  colocafia  fundet  acantho."  Upton. 

XLII.  .5. the   heavy   trees]      The    firft  edition 

reads  "  heatenhj  trees,"  to  which  the  edition  of  1751  alone 
conforms.  All  the  reft  follow  the  reading  of  the  fecond  edi- 
tion, "  heaxy  trees,"  which  is  certainly  to  be  preferred,  as  the 
next  line  proves.  Compare  Milton's  trees  of  Paradife, 
•'  loaden,  with  faireft  fruit,"  ?ar.  L  B. 'iv.  147.     Todd. 


CANTO  VI.    THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  471 

Emongft  the  fliady  leaves,  their  fweet  abode. 

And  their  trew  loves  without  lufpition  tell  abrode. 

XLIII. 
Right  in  the  middeft  of  that  Paradife 

There  flood  a  ftately  mount,  on  whofe  round 

top 
A  glooni}^  grove  of  mirtle  trees  did  rife, 
Whofe  fliady  boughes  lliarp  (teele  did  never 

lop, 
Nor  wicked  beaftes  their  tenderbuds  did  crop, 
But  like  a  girlond  compared  the  bight, 
And  from  their  fruitfuU  fy des  fweet  gum  did 

drop, 
That  all   the    ground,  with   pretious   deaw 
bedight, 
Threw  forth  moft  dainty  odours  and  molt  fweet 

delight. 

XLIV. 

And  in  the  thickeft  covert  of  that  fliade 
There  was  a  pleafaimt  arber,  not  by  art 
But  of  the  trees  owne  inclination  made, 
Which  knitting  their  rancke  braunches  part 

to  part, 
With  wanton  yvic-twine  entrayld  athwart, 
And  eglantine  and  caprifole  emong, 
Falbiond  above  within  their  inmoft  part, 

XLIV. '^.     of  tht  trees  OiVne  inclination  ?»«(/e,]     Thai 

is,  made  by  the  trees  bending  thewj'dvcs  doxcnward.  Lat.  ill' 
cUnatio.     Church. 

XLIV.  5. —  entrayld]     Tvilpd.     See 

ihe  iiute  on  entrai/ld,  F.  Q.  iii.  xi.  46.     Todd, 

VOX.  IV.  H  h  4 


472  THE   FAERIE  QUEENE.  BOOK  III.. 

•   That  nether  Phoebus   beams  could  through 

them  throng, 
Nor  Aeolus  fliarp  blaft  could  worke  them  any 

wrong. 

XLV, 
And  all  about  grew  every  fort  of  flowre, 

To  which  fad  lovers  were  transformde  of  yore  : 
FreQi  Hyacuithus,  Phoebus  paramoure 
And  deareft  love ; 

Poolifli  Narcifle,  that  likes  the  watry  fhore ; 
Sad  Amaranthus,  made  a  flowre  but  late, 
^    Sad  Amaranth uSj  in  vvhofe  purple  gore 

Me  feemes  I  fee  Amintas  wretched  fate, 
To  whom  fweet  poets  verfe  hath  given  endlefle 
date. 

XLVI. 
There  wont  fayre  Venus  often  to  enioy 
Her  deare  Adonis  ioyous  company, 
And  reap  fweet  pleai'ure  of  the  wanton  boy : 

XLV.  4.  And  deareft  love  ;]  In  Spenfer's  own  editions  this 
hemiftich  is  wanting.  It  is  fiiil  found  in  the  folio  of  1609,  of 
which  edition  he  who  had  the  care  feems  to  have  met  with 
fome  additions  and  alterations  which,  as  Mr.  Upton  obferves, 
could  come  from  no  other  hand  but  Spenfer's.     Todd. 

XLV.  8. Xninnaswretc/icdfatc,]     The 

wretched  fate  of  Amintas.  Some  editions  incorredly  read 
"  Amintas  wretched  fate."  Amintas  here  perhaps  means  Sir 
Philip  Sidney,  as  I\Ir.  Upton  alfo  conjedures  ;  for  all  the  poets 
lamented  his  untimely  death  ;  and,  I  may  add,  he  is  defcribed 
by  Spenfer,  in  his  Elegy  on  his  death,  as  one  of  thnj'e  lovers  whv 
•acre  of  yore  transformed  tofloxcers.  Mr.  Church  \\\\n\i.%  Amintas 
is  defigned  for  *'  Tho.  VVatfon,  who  wrote  a  Latin  poem  called 
Amintas."  But  T.  Watfon's  poem  is  Aniintce  Gaudia,  a  paf- 
toral  love-poem.  And  Speuler's  allnlion  is  to  mourufui  ckc- 
quief.    Todd. 


GANTO  VI.         THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  473 

There  yet,  fome  fay,  in  fecret  he  does  ly. 

Lapped  in  flowres  and  prelious  fpycery. 

By  her  hid  from  the  world,  and  from  the  ilall 

Of  Stygian  gods,  which  doe  her  love  envy ; 

But  llie  herfelfe,  whenever  that  (he  will, 

Pofleflfeth  him,  and  of  his  fweetne0e  takes  her 

fill: 

XLvir. 

And  footh,  it  feemes,  they  fay  ;  for  he  may  not 

For  ever  dye,  and  ever  buried  bee 

XLVII.  1.     And  footh,  it  feemes,  they  fay  ;  for  he  may  not 

Fur  ever  dye,  &c.]     And    it  leems   they  fpeak 
truth;  for  Adonis,  Matter,  cannot  perifli  :  it  changes  only  its 
torm,  and  thus  is  eternal  in  mutability.     Thefe  changes  pre- 
ferve  the  beauty  and  youth  of  the  world,  though  they  feem  to 
del'troy  both.     "   For  what  we  mortals,"  (as  Maximus  lyrius 
finely  obl'erves,  Difl'ert.  xli,    Uodm  ru  zxax ;)  "who  Teethings 
partially  and  in  a  narrow  and  confined  view,  falfely  call  evils, 
and  imagine  to  be  corruption  and  deftrudion  ;  all  thefe  the 
Great  Artifi,  who  aCts  for  the  good  of  the  Whole,  and  makes 
each  part  fubfervient  to  it,  rails  Swrrpiav  t5  "oxs,  the  Preferva- 
tion   of   the  Whole." — 'Tis  to  be  remembered  that  Venus  is 
form  and  Adonis  matter  :  now  Adonis  being  the  lover  of  V^enus 
in  this  epifode,  he  therefore  fays,  "  For  him   the  Father  of 
all  formes  they  call :"  Whereas  he  fliould  rather  have  laid  the 
fubjeft  matter  of  all  forms  :   but  you  perceive  how  our  poet's 
own  mythology  led  him  into   this  errour  of  expreflion.      So 
that  we  mnft  diftinguilh  between  the  philofophical,  and  poetical 
or  mythological,  propriety  of  his  malting  Adonis,  matter,  the 
father  of  forms.     As  the  lover  of  Venus,  in  the  mythological 
view,  he   is  the  caufe,  that  the   beauteous  goddel's  of  forms 
conceives  and  brings    to  light  her    beauties :    but    as  matter 
merely,  (in  the  philofophical  view,)  unaCtive,  pafrcc,  the  mother, 
the  nurfe,  the  receptacle,  (S;c.     The  Platonifts  call  it  •zsxih^r,;, 
all-receiving  ;  as  fufceptible  of  all  form  and  figure  :  'lis  the 
firll  term,  and  the  common  ground-work  of  bodies  ;  and  'tis 
the  lall  to  which  body  is  reduced  :  'tis  all  in  power,  though 
not  any  oae  thijig  in  ad :  necpxt  quid,  ncque  quale,  neqiie  quantum-. 

UpxonI 


47'if  THE  FAERIE  QUEEXE.  BOOK  III. 

In  halefuU  night  where  all  thinges  are  forgot ; 

All  be  he  fubieft  to  mortalitie, 

Yet  is  eterne  in  mutabihtie, 

And  by  lucceflion  made  perpetuall. 

Transformed  oft,  and  chaunged  diverflie  : 

For  him  the  father  of  all  formes  they  call ; 

Therfore  needs  mote  he  live,  that  living  gives 

to  all. 

XLVIII. 

There  now  he  liveth  in  eternal  blis, 

loving  his  goddefle,  and  of  her  enio^d ; 

Ne  feareth  he  henceforth  that  foe  of  his, 

Which  with  his  cruell  tiifke  him  deadly  cloyd: 

For  that   wilde  bore,  the   which  him   once 

annoyd, 

She  firmely  hath  emprifoned  for  ay, 

(That  her  fweet  Love  his  malice  mote  avoyd,) 

In  a  flrong  rocky  cave,  which  is,  they  fay, 


XLyil.  +.     All  be  he]     Although  he  is.     See  Introduce,  to 
this  Book,  ft.  2.    And  C.  i.  ft.  21.     Church. 
XL\'III.  1.      There  noxi  he  liveth  in  eternal  bits, 

Toijing  his  godileij'e,  and  of  her  eniuyd  ■\     Com- 
p.are  Taflb,  C.  xiv.  J  i. 

"    Ove.  in  perpetuo  April  molle  amorofa 

"  V'ita  feco  ne  mena  il  fuo  diletto  "     Uptox. 

X  Ly  II  l.  4. ^ —  doijd  :]     A  term 

tifed  among  farriers,  when  a  horfe  is  pricked  with  a  nail  in 
Iboeing.     See  Kerl'ey's  Diet.     Church. 

XLVIII.  6'.  Shejirmehj  hath  emprifoned  kc]  Let  us  not 
forget  the  allegor)-.  Venus  is  Form ;  Adonis,  Matter ;  the 
wild  Boar,  Privation,  now  for  ever  impriioned  by  the  lovely 
goddefs  of  forms,  left  by  his  cruel  depredations  he  ftiould 
r«;<luc<j  all  tilings  back  again  into  Chaos  a^id  confufion. 

Upton. 


CANTO  VI.        THE    FAERIE    QUEENE.  475 

Hewen  underneath  that  mount,  that  none  him 

lofen  may. 

XLIX. 
There  now  he  Hves  in  everlafting  ioy, 
With  many  of  the  gods  in  company 
Which  thether  haunt,  and  with  the  winged 

t>oy, 
Sporting  himfehe  in  fafe  fehcity : 
Who  when  he  hath  with  fpoiles  and  cruelty 
Raiifackt  the  world,  and  in  the  wofull  harts 
Of  many  wretches  fet  his  triumphes  hye, 
Thether  refortes,  and,  laying  his  fad  dartes 
Afyde,   with   faire  Adonis  playes  his  wanton 

partes. 

L. 
And  his  trew  Love  faire  Pfyche  with  him  playes, 
Fayre  Pfyche  to  him  lately  reconcyld, 
After  long  troubles  and  unmeet  upbrayes. 
With  which  his  mother  Venus  her  revyld, 
And  eke  himfelfe  her  cruelly  exyld  : 
But  now  in  (tedfaft  love  and  happy  ftate 
She  with  him  lives,  and  hath  him  borne  a 
chyld, 


L.  3. upbrayes,]     UpbraiJiiigs. 

Upton. 

L.  7.     ■ end  hath  him  home  a  chtjld, 

Plcajine,]     The  allegory  is,  that  true  pleal'ure  is  the 
genuine   offspring   of  the  Soul,  when   infpired  with  true  love. 
Both   the   fable   and    allegory  of  Piyche  and  Cupid  are  men- 
tioned by  Fiilgentiiis,  Mythol.  L.  iii.  C,  vi.     Upton. 
See  alVo  Mr.  Warton's  note  on  ft,  30.     Todd. 


4-76  THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  BOOK  III. 

Pleafurc,  that  cloth  both  gods  and  men  ag- 
grate, 

Pleafure,  the  daughter  of  Cupid  and  Piyche  late. 

1,1. 
Ilether  great  Venus  brought  this  Infant  fayre, 
The  yonger  daughter  cf  Chryfogonee, 
And  unto  Piyche  with  great  trufl  and  care 
Committed  her,  yfoftered  to  bee 
And  trained  up  v\  trew  feminitee : 
A\'lio  no  ielle  carefuUy  her  tendered 
t     Then  her  owne  daughter  Pleafure,  to  ^vhom 
{hee 
Made  her  companion,  and  her  leflbned 
In  all  the  lore  of  love  and  goodly  womanhead. 

LII. 

In  which  when  ibe  to  perfe6l  ripenes  grew, 
-  Of  grace  and  beautie  noble  paragone, 
She  brought  her  forth  into  the  worldes  vew, 
To  be  th'  enfample  of  true  love  alone. 
And  lodeltarre  of  all  chafte  affeftione 
To  all  fayre  Ladies  that  doe  live  on  grownd. 
To  Paery  Court  llie  came  ;  where  many  one 
Admyrd  her  goodly  haveour,  and  fownd 
His  feeble  hart  wide  launched  with  loves  cruel 
wownd. 

L.  S. aggratc,]      Delight  or 

pleafe.     See  the  note  on  aggrafr,  ¥.  Q.  v.  xi.  ly.     Todd. 

•    LI.  5. feminitee:]     Womanhood; 

the  fax,  ftate,   dignity,   weaknr-fs,  or  any  quality  or  property, 
of  a  woman.     Gloff.  to  Urr.  Cluiucer.     Church. 


CANTO  VI.        THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  477 

LIII. 

But  (lie  to  none  of  them  her  love  did  caft. 
Save  to  the  noble  Knight  Sir  Scudamore,  , 
To  whom  her  loving  hart  Ihe  linked  faft 
In  faithful!  love,  t'  abide  for  evermore ; 
And  for  his  deareft  fake  endured  fore 
Sore  trouble  of  an  hainous  enimy. 
Who  her  would  forced  have  to  have  forlore 
Her  former  love  and  ftedfiift  loialty ; 

As  ye  may  elfwhere  reade  that  ruefuU  hiftory, 

LIV. 

But  well  I  weene  ye  firit  defire  to  learne 
What  end  unto  that  fearefull  Damozell, 
Which  fledd  i'o  faft  from   that  fame  fofter 

ftearne 
Whom  with  his  brethren  Timias  (lew,  befell : 
That  was,  to  weet,  the  goodly  Florimell ; 
Who  wandring  for  to  feeke  her  lover  deare, 
Her  lover  deare,  her  deareft  Marinell, 
Into  misfortune  fell,  as  ye  did  heare, 
And  from  Prince  Arthure  fled  with  wings  of  idle 

feare. 

LIII.  5. endured  fore]    That  is, 

fadli/  or  Jhrely  endured.     Sore  in  tliis  line  is  ul'ed  as  an  adverb  ; 
in  the  next,  as  an  adjective.     Cuuhch. 

See  Matt.  xxi.  41.  KAKOYL  KAKfiS  ivoXio-ei  uvth^.  Cebetis 
Tab.  'AwoWvtch  KAKOL  KAKUS.  Horn.  //.  a-'.  26".  MEFAS 
MErAAnSTI  Tccvva-dil^.  And  Virgil,  ^n.  x.  84.2.  "  Ivgentem 
atque  ingenti  vulnere  viftum."     Upton. 

LIII.  9.     As  ye  may  eljivhere  reade]     F.  Q.  iii.  xi.  and  xii, 

Upton. 

LIV.  8. as  ye  did  /leare,]     See  the 

firft  and  fourth  Cantos  of  this  Book,     Chl'rch. 


473  *rHE  FAEllIE  ftUEENE.  BOOK  Ilf* 


CANTO    VII. 

The  JJltches fo)Uie  lores  Flor'wiell : 

She  fly  es  ;  he  fames  to  dy. 
Satyrane  faves  the  Squyre  of  Dames 

From  Gy aunts  tyranny, 

r. 

LIKE  as  an  hynd  forth  iingled  from  the  heard, 
That  hath  efcaped  from  a  ravenous  beaft, 
Yet  flyes  away  of  her  owne  feete  afeard ; 
And  every  leafe,  that  Ihaketh  with  the  leafl 
Murmure  of  winde,  her  terror  hath  encreafl : 
vSo  fledd  fayre  Florimell  from  her  vaine  feare, 
Long  after  flie  from  perlll  was  releaft : 
Each  fliade  (he  faw,  and  each  noyfe  flie  did 
heare, 

Did  feeme  to   be  the  fame  which  flie  efcapt 

whileare. 

II. 
All  that  fame  evening  (he  in  flying  fpent, 
And  all  that  night  her  courfe  continewed : 

I.  1.  lAht  as  an  hynd  &c.]  Compare  this  flight  of  Floriinel 
with  the  flight  of  Erminia  in  Taflb,  C.  vii.  1.  &c.  Or  rather 
with  the  flight  of  Angelica  in  Orl,  Fur.  C.  i.  33,  34,  where 
Ariofto  imitates  Horace,  L.  i.  Od.  23,  as  Horace  imitated 
Anacreon.     Upton. 

I.  8.     fhe  did  heare,']     The  firft 

edition  erroneoufly  reads  "  he  did  heare,"  but  has  been  fol- 
lowed only  by  the  edition  of  1751.    ToDO. 


CANTO  VII.       THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  479 

Ne  did  (he  let  dull  fleepe  once  to  relent 
Nor  wearineile  to  flack  her  haft,  but  fled 
Ever  alike,  as  if  her  former  dred 
Were  hard  behind,  her  ready  to  arrefl; : 
And  her  white  palfrey,  having  conquered 
The  maiftring  raines  out  of  her  weary  wreft. 

Perforce  her  carried  where  ever  he  thought  befl;. 

III. 

So  long  as  breath  and  hable  puilfaunce 
Did  native  corage  unto  him  fupply, 
His  pace  he  freihly  forward  did  advaunce, 
And  carried  her  beyond  all  ieopardy ; 
But  nought  that  wanteth  reft  can  long  aby : 
He,  having  through  inceflant  traveill  fpent 
His  force,  at  laft  perforce  adowne  did  ly, 
Ne  foot  could  further  move :  The  Lady  gent 

Thereat  was  fuddein  ftrook  with  great  aftonifli- 
ment; 

IV. 

,And,  forft  t'  alight,  on  foot  mote  algates  fare 
A  traveller  unwonted  to  fuch  way ; 
Need  teacheth  her  this  leflbn  hard  and  rare, 
That  Fortune  all  in  equall  laiince  dothfwat/, 

II.  3.     Ne  didjhe  &c.]     Nor  did  fhe  fuffer  either  deep  or 
wearinefs  to  relent  (i.  e.  to Jlacken,  Fr.  rakntir,)  her  flight. 

Church. 

III.  5. aby:]     Abide.     Todd. 

IV.  4. in  equall  launce]    Ballance. 

So  Tanb,  C,  XX.  50. 

**  Cosi  fi  combatteva,  e  in  dubbia  lance 
"  Col  timor  le  fperauze  erun  fofpefe," 
From  the  Lat.  lanx.    Todd. 


480  THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  BOOK  lit 

And  mortal/  mifevies  doth  make  her  play. 
So  long  Ihe  traveild,  till  at  length  Ihe  came 
To  an  hilles  iide,  which  did  to  her  bewray 
A  litle  valley  fubie^  to  the  lame, 

All  coverd  with  thick  woodes  that  quite  it  over- 
came. 

V. 

Throiigli  th'  tops  of  the  high  trees  fhe  did  defcry 
A  litle  fmoke,  whole  vapour  thin  and  light  . 
Ixeeking  aloft  uprolled  to  the  fky  : 
AV  hich  chearefull  iigne  did  fend  unto  her  fight 
That  in  the  fame  did  wonne  fome  livinjr  wia ht. 

•     Eftfoones  her  fteps  (lie  thereunto  applyd. 
And  came  at  laft  in  weary  wretched  plight 
Unto  the  place,  to  which  her  hope  did  guyde 

To  fmde  fome  refuge  there,  and  reft  her  wearie 

lyde. 

VI. 
There  in  a  gloomy  hollow  glen  flie  found 
A  little  cottage,  built  of  ftickes  and  reedes 

IV.  8.     A  litle  valley  fubied  &c.]     So   Shakfpeare,    Troil. 
and  Crejjid.  A.  i.  S.  ii. 

• "  the  eaftern  tower, 

"  Whole  height  commands  afiibjed  all  the  vale."    Todd. 

IV.  9-     overcame.]     Came  over  it, 

Shakfpeare  ufes  it  fo  in  Macbeth  : 

"  Can  fach  things  be, 

"  And  overcome  us  like  a  fummer's  cloud,  &c."     Uptox. 

See   the   commentators   on  Shakfpeare,  among  whom  ISIr. 

IVIalone  has  cited  the   expreflion  from  a  poem  elder  than  the 

Faerie  Queene,  viz.  Marie  Magdalene's  Repentaimce.    156?. 

"  Witli  blode  overcome  were  both  his  eyen."     Todd. 

"N'l,  2.     A  little  cottage,  &ic.]     Witches  were  thought  really 


CANTO  VII.       THE    FAERIE  QUEENK.  481 

In  homely  wize,  and  wald  with  fods  around  ; 
In  whicli  a  Witch  did  dwell,  in  loathly  weedes 
And  wilfull  want,  all  carelellfe  of  her  needes  ; 
So  choofing  I'olitarie  to  abide 
Far  from  all    neighbours,   that  her  divelilh 

deedes 
And  helliih  arts  from  people  (lie  might  hide, 

And  hurt  far  off  unknowne  whomeAer  flie  envide. 

vir. 

The  Damzell  there  arriving  entred  in  ; 

Where  littino;  on  the  tlore  the  Hai>:  A^e  found 
Bufie  (as  feein'd)  about  fome  wicked  gin  : 
Who,  foone  as  Ihe  beheld  that  fuddein  Hound, 
Lightly  upftarted  from  the  duftie  ground, 
And  with  fell  looke  and  hollow  deadly  gaze 
Stared  on  her  awhile,  as  one  altound^ 
Ne  had  one  word  to  fpeake  for  great  amaze  ; 

But  fhewd  by  outward  fignes  thatdread  her  fence 
did  daze. 

to  exift  in  the  age  of  Queen  Elizabeth,  and  our  author  had, 
probably,  been  ftruck  with  feeing  fuch  a  cottage  as  this,  in 
which  a  witch  was  I'uppofed  to  live.  Thofe  who  have  perufed 
Blackwall's  Enquiry  i?ito  the  Life  and  Writings  of  Homer,  will 
be  bed  qualified  to  judge  how  much  better  enabled  that  poet 
is  to  defcribe,  who  copies  from  living  objedls,  than  he  who 
defcribes,  in  a  later  age,  from  tradition.     T.  Warton. 

VI.  4.     In  which  a  Witch  did  dwell,]     So   all  the  editions. 
I  could  wifh  that  the  poet  had  given, 

"  Wherein  a  Witch  did  dwell."     Church. 

VII,  3.     about  fome  wicked  gm  {]  Contrivance, 

fnare,  abbreviated  from  engine ;  commonly  ufed  in  Spenfer's 
time.  See  Barret's  Did.  1580,  in  v.  A  ginne  or  engine, 
and  the  following  illuftration,  "  Hangeth  his  ginnes,  cafl'es  fuf- 
pendit  aranea,  Virgil.     Telas  infidiofas  texit."     Todd. 

VOL.  IV.  I  i 


482  THE  lAEUlE  QUEENE.  BOOK    III. 

VIII. 

At  lall,  turning  her  feare  to  foolifh  wrath, 
She  aikt,  Whatdevill  had  her  thether  brought, 
And  who  Ihe  was,  and  what  unwonted  path 
Had  guided  her,  unwelcomed,  unfought  ? 
To  which  the  Danizellfullof  doul)tf\ill  thought 
Her  nuldlj  anfvver'd ;  "  I3e1danie,  be  not  wroth 
A\  ith  iill}  \  irgin,  by  adventure  brought 
Unto  your  dwelhng,  ignorant  and  loth, 

That  crave   but  rowme   to   reft  while  tenipelt 
overblo'th/' 

IX. 

With  that  adowne  out  of  her  chriftall  eyne 
Few  trickling  teares  flie  loftly  forth  let  fall. 
That  like  two  orient  peries  did  purely  fliyne 
Upon  her  i'nowy  cheeke  ;  and  therewithal! 
She  lighed  foft,  that  none  fo  beiliall 
Nor  falvage  hart  but  ruth  of  her  fad  plight 
Would  make  to  melt,  or  pitteoufly  appall ; 
And  that  vile  Hag,  all  were  her  whole  delight 

In  jiiifchiefe,  was  much  moved  at  fo  pitteous 
fight ; 

X. 

And  gan  recomfort  her,  in  her  rude  wyfe. 
With  womaniili  compaflion  of  her  plaint, 
Wiping  the  teares  from  her  luffufed  eyes, 

rX.  3.  Thnt  like  two  orient  perks]  So  all  the  editions, 
'except  Hughes's,  which  read  "  like  to  orient  peries,"  and 
which  probably  is  as  Spenfer  gave  it.     Ciiuucii. 

X,  fi.     '- , hci  luHuled  tjjea.]    This  lovely 


CANTO  VII.        THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  483 

And  bidding  her  lit  downe  to  reft  her  faint 
And  wearie  Hmbs  awhile  :  She  nothing  quaint 
Nor  TdeignfuU  of  fo  homely  falhion, 
Sith  brought  ihe  was  now  to  fo  hard  con- 

ftraint, 
Sate  downe  upon  the  dufty  ground  anon ; 
As  glad  of  that  imall  reit,  as  bird  of  tempeft  gon. 

XI. 

Tho  gan  flie  gather  up  her  garments  rent, 
And  her  loofe  lockes  to  dight  in  order  dew 
With  golden  wreath  and  gorgeous  ornament ; 
Whom  fuch  whenas  the  m  icked  Hag  did  vew. 
She  w^as  aftoniQit  at  her  heavenly  hew, 
And  doubted  her  to  deenie  an  earthly  wight, 
But  or  fome  goddefle,  or  of  Dianes  crew, 
And    thought    her    to   adore  with    humble 
fpright : 

T'  adore  thing  fo  divine  as  beauty  were  but 

right. 

XII. 
This  wicked  woman  had  a  wicked  fonne, 
The  comfort  of  her  age  and  weary  dayes, 


exprefTion  is  borrowed  from  Virgil,  where  Venus,  under  the 
circumllance  of  forrow,  is  repiefented  as  having  her  bright 
eyes  fuffujed  with  tears,  "  lacrymis  oculos  Juffufa  nitentes," 
Mn.  i.  228.     Church. 

X.  5. She  nothing  quaint]     Quaint 

is  here  ^ifed  in  the  fenfe  of  nice,  as  coint  in  old  French  is  for 
dainty.  See  Cotgrave,  in  v.  coint.  She  was  not  fu  nice  or 
fo  difdainful  as  to  decline  fubmitting  to  her  prefent  fituation, 

TODP. 

I  i  2 


484  THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  BOOK  III. 

A  laefj  loord,  for  nothing  good  to  donne, 
.-     ]3ut  Itretclicd  forth  in  ydlcneire  alwayes, 
Ne  ever  call  his  mind  to  covet  prayi'e. 
Or  ply  hinifelfe  to  any  honefl  trade  ; 
But  all  the  day  before  the  i'unny  rayes 
He  us'd  to  ilug,  or  fleepe  in  llothfull  lliade : 
Such  laehnelie  both  lewd  and  poore  attonce  him 

made. 

XIII. 
He,  comming  home  at  undertime,  there  found 
The  fay  re  It  creature  that  he  ever  favv 
Sitting  belide  his  mother  on  the  ground ; 
The  fight  whereof  did  greatly  him  adaw. 
And  his  bafe  thought  with  terrourand  with  aw 
So  inly  fmot,  that. as  one,  which  hath  gaJi'd 
On  the   bright  funne  unwares,   doth  foone 

withdraw 
His  feeble  eyne  with  too  much   brightnes 
daz'd ; 
So  ftared    he  on  her,    and  ilood   long  while 
amaz'd. 


XII.  3.     A  luef^  loord,]     See   the  notes  on   this  exprefllon 
hi  the  Shepheurds  Calendar,  July,  ver.  ^dZ.     Todd. 

XIII.  1. undertime,]     Underntyde,  the 

afternoon,  toward  the  evening;  Verltegan.  Vid.  Wacht.  in 
nndern.  "  Unbejin,  the  forenoon,  the  third  hour  of  the  day^ 
that  is  nine  of  the  clock  with  us."  Accordingly  both  Chaucer's 
interpreter  and  Verftegan  are  to  be  corrected,  who  by  undern 
and  itndern-tldc  underUand  after-noon.     Somn.     Upton. 

XIII.  6. ■_ which  Xrdihgazd]  .  So  Spenfer's 

own  editions  read,  to  which  Mr.  Church  and  Mr.  Upton 
adhere.     The  reft  read  " //ac/ gaz'd."     Todd. 


CANTO  VII.       THE  FAERTE  QUEENE.  485 

XIV. 

Softly  at  laft  he  gan  his  mother  aike, 

What   milter  wight   that   was,   and  whence 

derived, 
That  in  io  flraimge  difguizement  there  did 

malke, 
And  by  what  accident  ftie  there  arriv'd  ? 
But  Ihe,  as  one  nigh  of  her  wits  deprived, 
AVith  nought  but  ghaftly  lookes  him  anfwered ; 
Like  to  a  ghoft,  that  lately  is  reviv'd 
From  Stygian  Ihores  where  late  it  wandered  : 

So  both  at  her,  and  each  at  other  wondered. 

XV. 
But  the  fayre  Virgin  was  fo  meeke  and  myld, 
That  ftie  to  them  vouchfafed  to  embace 
Her  goodly  port,  and  to  their  fenfes  vyld 
Her  gentle  fpeach  applyde,  that  in  fliort  i'pace 
She  grew  familiare  in  that  defert  place. 
During  which  time  the  Chorle,  through  her 

fo  kind 
And  courteife  ufe,  conceiv'd  affefilion  bace, 
And  cafl  to  love  her  in  his  brutifh  mind ; 
No  love,  but  brutifh  luft,  that  was  fo  beaftly 
tind. 

XIV.  2.  What  mifter  ivig/it]  What  kind  of  creature.  So 
Chaucer,  Kn.  Tale,  .er.  1712.  "  What  w//?tT  men  ye  ben." 
Spenfer  often  ufes  this  expreffion.  So,  in  F.  Q.  iv.  xii.  22. 
"  What  mijhr  malady,"  i.  e.  what  kind  of  creature.  Fr.  metier, 
Ital.  mejiiere,  a  Lat.  minijlerium.     See  alfo  ft.  51.     Upton. 

XV.  9.  No  love,  but  bvutijh  liijl.  that  ivas  Jo  bcajlly  tind.] 
Tind  is  excited.     Anglo-Sax,  tenban.     See  Lye's  Dictionary, 

lis 


480'  Tilt  KAEUIE  QUEENE.  BOOK   III. 

XVI. 

Clofelv  ihc  wicked  flame  his  bowels  brent. 
And  lliortly  grew  into  outrageous  fire  ; 
Yet  had  he  not  the  hart,  nor  hardiment, 
t  As  unto  her  to  utter  his  delire; 
His  caytive  thouglit  durft  not  lo  high  afpire  : 
But  with  foi't  iighes  and  lovely  femblaunces 
He  weenM  that  his  affection  entire 
She  Ihould  aread ;  many  refemblaunces 

To  her  he  made,  and  many  kinde  remembraunces. 

XVII. 

Oft  from  the  forreft  wildings  he  did  bring, 
Whole  iides  empurpled  were  with  fmyling  red; 

edit.  ^Manning,  in  v.  "  Tenban,  to  tiytd,  accendere,  inflam- 
mare :"  And  "  Tenbep,  tinder,  fonies,  ignarium,  &c."  Mr. 
Upton  fays  that  tine,  tu  kindle  or  excite,  is  common  in  the  Weft 
ot  P^ngland.     See  alfo  Milton,  Par.  L.  B.  x.  1075.     Todd. 

X\'I.  7. /m  aJfcFtion  entire]     His 

inward  aftedion.  See  the  note  on  F.  Q.  iii.  i.  4-7.  The  phrafe, 
here  employed,  occurs  in  tlie  character  of  a  good  husband, 
defcribed  by  John  Stephens  in  Satyrical  EjJ'ayes,  Characters,  ike. 
12mo.  Lond.  l6"]5,  p.  140.  Speaking  of  the  wife's  advancing 
towards  old  age,  rhe  hulband,  he  fays,  "  meafures  the  ap- 
proach of  a  crooked  body  by  his  entire  ajfci'tiun."     Todd. 

XVI.  8.     ■ ■ refemblaunces]     Poflibly 

the  poet  means,  that  this  lover  made  many  gallant  rejhnblanccs 
of  her  to  the  mofi  brilliant  obje(!:ts  in  nature  :  Or,  he  might 
mtend  to  Oiow  the  courtefy  of  the  amorift  by  the  favours  which 
he  offered  her.  For,  lee  Barret's  Dift.  1580,  in  v.  "  To 
RESEMBLE,  to  fniilc  ipun ,  to  fauour."     Todd. 

XVII.  1.  Oft  f rum  the  Joriejl  uildings  he  did  bring,']  Oft 
he  brought  wildings,  "  Sylveftn  ex  arbore  lecta  aurea  mala," 
Tirg.  Eel.  iii.  70.     Upton. 

XVII.  1?. empurpled]     So  Milton,  Par.  L. 

B.  iii.  ,361. 

"  Impvrpled  with  celeftial  rofes  fmil'd  :" 
A  word  very  familiar  with  Spenfer.  from  the  Italian  mporporato. 

Thyer. 


CANTO  VII.         THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  487 

And  oft  young  birds,  which  he  had  taught 

to  finff 
His  maiftrelfe  praifes  fweetly  caroled: 
Girlonds  of  flovvresfometimes  for  her  faire  hcd 
He  fine  would  dight ;  fometimes  the  fquirrel 

wild 
He  brought  to  her  in  bands,  as  conquered 
To  be  her  thrall,  his  fellow-fervant  vild  : 
All  which  flie  of  him  tooke  with  countenance 

meeke  and  mild. 

XVIII. 

But,  pad  a  while,  when  llie  fit  feafon  faw 
To  leave  that  delert  manfion,  Ibe  caft 
In  fecret  wize  herfelfe  thence  to  witlidraw, 
For  feare  of  mifchiefe,  which  Ihe  did  forecaft 
Might  by  the  witch  or  by  her  fonne  compafl : 
Her  wearie  palfrey,  clofely  as  flie  might, 
Now  well  recovered  after  long  re  pall, 
In  his  proud  furnitures  fhe  freflily  dight, 

His  late  mifwandred  wayes  now  to   remeafure 
right. 

XVIII.  5.  Might  by  the  (Vitch  or  by  her  fonne  &c.]  So 
the  firlt  edition  reads.     Tlie  i'econd,  and  folios,  thus  : 

"   Might  be  tlie  Witch  or  that  her  Ibnne  conipalt :" 
From  both  thefe  readings  I  think  the  true  one  is, 

"  Might  be  by  th'  Witch  or  by  her  lonne  conipaft  :" 
That  is,   might  be  conjpalt  by  the  Witch   or  by  her  Ion.     See 
the  note  on  It.  5.     Upton. 

Mr.  Church  inclines  to  think  that  Speni'er  gave,  "  Might  he 
by  the  Witch  &c.''  as  the  printer's  eye  might  eafily  drop  be. 
'Ihe  editions  of  iZol,  and  of  Hughes,  follow  the  poet's  fecond 
edition:  thofe  of  Upton,  Church,  and 'lonfon's  in  1758,  con- 
form to  the  firft.     Todd, 

I  1  4 


4SS  THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.     BOOK  III. 

XIX. 

And  earely,  ere  the  dinvning  day  appear'd, 
She  tbrtli  ilKewed,  and  on  her  iourney  went ; 

•.     She  v\  ent  in  perill,  of  each  noyfe  atfeard 
And  of  each  ihade  (hat  did  itfelfe  prefent ; 
For  Itill  ihe  feared  to  be  overhent 
Of  tliat  vile  Hag,  or  her  uncivile  Sonne ; 
Who  when,  too  late  awaking,  well  they  kent 
That  their  fay  re  Gueft  was  gone,  they  both 
begonne 

To  make  exceeding  mone  as  they  had  beene 

undonne. 

XX. 

But  thak  lewd  lover  did  the  moil  lament 

For  her  depart,  that  ever  man  did  heare ; 

Me  knockt  his  brelt  with  defperate  intent, 

And  fcratcht  his  face,  and  with  his  teeth  did 

teare 
His  rugged  flelh,  and  rent  his  ragged  heare : 
That  his  fad  mother  feeing  his  fore  plight 
Was  greatly  woe-begon,  and  gan  to  feare 
Leaft  his  fraile  ienles  were  emperilht  quight, 
And  love  to  frenzy  turnd ;  fith  love  is  franticke 

hight. 

XIX.  (j. or  her  vncix  He  Sonne  ;]     So  Spenfer's 

own  editions  read^  which  thole  of  1751,  Upton,  Church,  and 
Toufon's  in  17  58,  follow.  The  reft  read  "  or  t/iai  uncivile 
fonne."     Todd. 

XX.  2.     depart,]     Departure.     The  French  fub- 

ftantive,  depart.     Todd. 

XX.  7.     woe-hegoii,1     Chaucer  has  this  expref- 

fio II  often,  and  likewife  all  the  poets  down  to  Shakfpeare. 

Upton. 


CANTO   VII.         THE  FAEltlE  QUEENE.  489 

XXI. 

All  wayes  (liee  fought  him  to  rellore  to  plight, 
With  herbs,  with  charms,  with  counfei,  and 

with  teares ; 
But  tears,  nor  charms,  nor  herbs,  nor  coun- 

fell,  might 
AlTwage  the  fury  which  his  entrails  teares : 
So  ftrong  is  paflion  that  no  reafon  heares ! 
Tho,  when  all  other  helpes  (he  faw  to  faile, 
She  turnd  herfelfe  backe  to  her  wicked  leares; 
And  by  her  divelilh  arts  thought  to  prevaile 
To  bring  her  backe  againe,  or  worke  her  finall 

bale. 

XXII. 
Eftfoones  out  of  her  hidden  cave  (lie  cald 
An  hideous  beaft  of  horrible  afpe6t, 
That  could  the  ftouteft  corage  have  appald  ;  -^ 
Monftrous,  mifhapt,  and  all  his  backe  was 

fpe6l 
With  thoufand  fpots  of  colours  queint  ele6l ; 
Thereto  fo  fwifte  that  it  all  beafts  did  pas : 
Like  never  yet  did  living  eie  dete6l ; 
But  likeft  it  to  an  hyena  was 

XXI.  7.     ^ • to  her  wicked  leares;]     Leares  are 

lej/biis.  So  leaitd  or  lered  is  learned.  See  the  quotation  from 
Viers  Plowman  6ic.  in  the  note  on  F.  Q.  iii.  iv.  J).  See  alfo 
Chaucer,  PrioreJ'es  Tale,  ver.  13449,  ed.  Tyrwhitt. 

"•  As  children /e/et/ hir  antiphonere."     Todd. 

XXII.  5.     of  colours  queint  eled  ;]     Quaint  I)/  or 

odlij  choj'en  ;  motley.     Upton. 


490  THE    FAERIE    QUEENE.  BOOK  III. 

That  feeds  on  wemcns  fleili,  u*  others  feede  on 
gras. 

xxiir. 
It  forth  flie  cakl,  and  gave  it  ftreight  in  charge 
Through   thicko   and    thin    her    to   pourfew 

apace, 
Ne  once  to  ftay  to  reft,  or  breath  at  large. 
Till  her    hee  had   attaind  and   brought  in 

place, 
Or   quite    devourd   her   beauties   fcornefull 

grace. 
The  monfter,  fwifte  as  word  that  from  her 

went. 
Went  forth  in   hafte,   and  did  her  footing 

trace 
So  fure  and  fvviftly,  through  his  perfect  fent 
And  paffing  fpeede,  that  lliortly  he  her  over- 
hent. 

XXIV. 
AVhom  when  the  fearefull  Damzell  nigh  efpide, 
No  need  to  bid  her  faft  away  to  flie ; 
That  ugly  fhape  fo  fore  her  terrifide. 
That  it  {he  fhund  no  lefte  then  dread  to  die; 
And  her  flitt  palfrey  did  fo  well  apply 
His  nimble  feet  to  her  conceived  feare, 


XXII.  9.  That  feeds  on  wemens^e/X,]  The  hyena  is  faid 
to  feed  on  human  flefti.  See  Gefner,  Hijl.  Animal,  p.  555. 
But  I  do  not  find,  in  the  old  naturalift,  at  the  animal  fele^ls 
only  uemens  flelh.     Todd, 


CANTO   VII.         THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  4^1 

That  whilcd  his  breath  did  ftrength  to  hira 

i'upply, 
From  pen II  tree  he  her  away  did  beare  ; 
13 ut,  v/hen  his  force  gan  faile,  his  pace  gan  wcx 
areare. 

XXV. 

Which  whenas  {he  perceiv'd,  (lie  was  difmayd 
At  that  fame  lalt  extremity  ful  fore. 
And  of  her  fafety  greatly  grew  afrayd : 
And  now  llie  gan  approch  to  the  fea  fhore. 
As  it  befeh,  that  llie  could  flie  no  more. 
But  yield  herfelfe  to  fpoile  of  greedinefle  : 
Lightly  fhe  leaped,  as  a  wight  forlore, 
From  her  dull  horfc,  in  defperate  diitrelTe, 

And   to  her  feet   betooke  her  doubtfull  lick- 
erneffe. 

XXVI. 

Not  halfe  fo  fad  the  wicked  ]\Iyrrha  fled 
From  dread  of  her  revenging  lathers  bond  ; 
Nor  halfe  fo  fait  to  fave  her  maydenhed 
Fled  fearefull  Daphne  on  th'  iEgaean  ftrond ; 
As  Florimell  fled  from  that  monlter  yond. 


XXV.  f).  And  to  her  feet  betooke  her  doubtfull  fickernefle.] 
That  is,  (lie  committed  her  JaJ'eti/,  which  was  then  doubtfull,  to 
the  care  of  her  feet.     Cii  uuch. 

See  the  note  on  betake  in  the  fenfe  of  comwit,  F,  Q.  i. 
xii.  25.  Sikernejfe  tor  Jajeti/  occurs  in  our  poet's  mafter,  March. 
Tale,  ver.  5)1.56".  ed.  Tyrwhitt. 

"  On  brotel  ground  they  bilde,  and  brotelneffe 
"  They  finden,  whan  they  \venenjiker7iej'c."     Todp, 
XXVJ.  5. that  nwiijler  yond,]     Ymd,  her- 


45C  THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  BOOK   Ilf. 

'   To  reach  the  fea  ere  Ihe  of  him  were  raught: 
For  in  the  fea  to  drowne  herfelfe  fhe  fond, 
Rather  then  of  the  tyrant  to  be  caught : 

Thereto  fear  gave  her  wings,    and    need  her 
corage  taught. 

XXVII. 

It  fortuned  (High  God  did  fo  ordaine) 
As  fhee  arrived  on  the  roring  ihore, 
In  minde  to  leape  into  the  mighty  maine, 
A  httlc  bote  lay  hoving  her  before. 
In  which  there  flept  a  fiHier  old  and  pore, 
The  whiles  his  nets  were  drying  on  the  fand  : 
Into  the  fame  ftiee  lept,  and  with  the  ore 


vond  ;  "  from  the  monfter  yoitd,"  that  is,  from  beyond  the  men- 
iler.     Hughes. 

The  Gloflaries  to  the  editions  of  1751,  and  of  Tonfon's  in 
1758,  fubfcribe  to  this  interpretation.  But,  as  IMr.  Upton  has 
obferved,  Spenfer  ufes  the  word  as  an  adjective,  F.  Q.  ii.  viii. 
40.  "  Then  like  a  lyon — wexeth  wood  and  yond."  Whence 
Fairfax,  in  his  Taffo,  B.  i.  55. 

"  Nor  thofe  three  brethren  Lombards  fierce  and  yond."  . 
Mr.  Upton  derives  it  from  the  Anglo. Saxon  adverb  jeonb, 
yond,  ultra ;  and  from  the  Latin  adverb  vltra,  he  adds,  the 
French  form  their  adjeftive  outrk ;  i.  e.  furious,  outrageous, 
extravagant ;  and  fo  Spenfer  ufes  yond,  adjedively  and  in  the 
fame  fenfe ;  ultra  a  gens  naturam  et  rationem,  afting  yond 
or  beyond  nature  and  reafon,  outrageous. — Dr.  .lohnfon,  how- 
ever, while  he  admits  yond  to  be  an  adjective,  acknowledges 
that  he  knows  not  whence  it  is  derived.  Mr.  Upton's  deriva- 
tion indeed  may  bethought  too  refined.     Todd. 

XXVI,  7.     For  in  the  fea  to  drowne  herfelfe  fhe  fond, 

Rather  then  of  the  tyrant  to  be  caught :]  She 
fond,  (he  found  in  her  heart ;  fhe  chofe  rather  to  drown  herfelf 
than  to  be  caught  of  that  tyrant : 

"  Rather  then  of  that  monfter  to  be  caught." 
The  printer  feems  to  have  miftaken  the  for  that.     Upton. 


CANTO   VU.         THE   FAERIE  aUEENE..  4^3 

Did  thrufl  the  fliallop  from  the  floting  ftrand  : 
So  ikfetj  tbwnd  at  fea,  which  ftie  fownd  not  at 
land. 

XXVIII. 

The  monfler,  ready  on  the  pray  to  feafe, 
Was  ot"  his  forward  hope  deceived  quight ; 
Ne  durft  allay  to  wade  the  perlous  leas. 
But,  greedily  long  gaping  at  the  light. 
At  laft  in  vaine  was  tbrlt  to  turne  his  flight, 
And  tell  the  idle  tidings  to  his  Dame : 
Yet,  to  avenge  his  divelilli  defpight, 
He  let  upon  her  palfrey  tired  lame, 

And  Hew  him  cruelly  ere  any  rellew  came : 


XXVII.  c).  Sofafety  foxvnd  at  fea,  which  Jhe  fownd  not  at 
h?id.]  Methinks  here  are  more  circumftances  and  allufions 
brought  together,  than  can  well  be  interpreted  moralli/  :  We 
mud  therefore  look  into  the  hirtorical  allufions,  according  to 
the  fcheme  wliich  I  have  laid  down  in  interpreting  this  often 
"  darkly  conceited"  poem. — See  the  perfecuted  and  flying  Flo- 
rimel  firft  defcribed  in  F.  Q.  iii.  i,  15,  iii.  iii.  45.  She  is  pur- 
fued  by  Prince  Arthur,  who,  in  the  hiftorical  allufion,  is  the 
Earl  of  Leicefter,  and  who  was  talked  of,  and  that  too  by 
Queen  Elizabeth's  confent,  as  the  intended  hulband  of  the 
Qu€en  of  Scots.  But  what  perfecutions  does  fhe  undergo  in 
this  Canto  ? — I  don't  fay  that  the  monfter  purfuing  her,  {IVith 
thou/and  fpots  nf  colours  qua'mt  tk^t,)  typifies  the  motley  drefs 
of  the  Queen  of  Scots'  fubjeds  ;  whom  to  avoid  (he  haftens  to 
the  feas.  For  in  the  feas  to  drown  herj'elf Jhe  fond  rather  than  to 
be  caught  of  that  motley  crew,  her  falle  tyrannical  courtiers 
and  fubjedls  now  purfuing  her:  She  leaps  therefore  into  a  boat: 
So  fafety  found  at  fea,  which  Jhe  found  not  at  land.  Hear  Cam- 
den, p.  1 18.  "  The  Queen  of  Scots  having  efcaped  out  of 
prifon,  and  levied  a  hafty  army,  which  was  eafily  defeated ;  Ihe 
was  fo  terrified,  that  llie  rode  that  day  above  fixty  miles ;  and 
then  chofe  rather  to  commit  herfelf  to  the  miferies  of  the  fea, 
than  to  the  falfed  fidelity  of  her  people."     Upton. 


4i)-i  THE  FAEUIE  QUr.ENE.  BOOK   III. 

XXIX. 

And,  after  having  bim  cmbowelled 

To  nil  bis  bellilb  gorge,  it  chaunlt  a  Knight 
To  pafie  that  ^vay,  as  forth  he  travelled  : 
Yt  was  a  goodly  Swaine,  and  of  great  might. 
As  ever  man  that  l:)loody  field  did  fight ; 
But  in  vain  flieovvs,  that  wont  yong  Knights 

bewiteh. 
And  courtly  fervices,  tooke  no  delight; 
But  rather  iovd  to  bee  than  feemen  firh : 

For  both  to  be  and  feeme  to  him  was  labor  lich. 

XXX. 

It  was  to  weete  the  2"ood  Sir  Satyrane 

That   raungd    abrode    to    feeke    adventures 

Wilde, 
x\s  was  his  wont,  in  foreft  and  in  plaine  : 
He  was  all  armd  in  rugged  fteele  unfilde, 
As  in  the  fmoky  forge  it  was  compilde. 
And  in  his  fcutchin  bore  a  ia tyres  hedd  : 
He  comming  prefent,  where  the  moniler  vilde 
Upon  that  milke-white  palfreyes  carcas  fedd, 

Unto  his  refkew  ran,  and  greedily  him  fpedd. 

XXXI. 

There  well  perceivd  he  that  it  was  the  horfe 
Whereon  faire  Florimell  was  wont  to  ride, 
That  of  that  feend  w  as  rent  w  ithoiit  remorfe : 


XXIX.  8.  But  rather  ioyd  to  bee  then  Jtemtii  fich  :}  Tliii=^ 
charader  is  what  Salluft  gave  of  Cato,  "  Efle,  quiim  videri, 
bonus  malebat.''     See  alfo  ^fcliyl.  in  Theh. 

'Ov  ykf  ^OKim  aftrof;  »^  fH"**  6f^t».      UPTON. 


CANTO  VII.         THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  4^5 

Much  feared  he  lead  ought  did  ill  betide 
To  that  faire  Maide,  the  flowre  of  wemens 

pride ; 
For  her  he  dearely  loved,  and  in  all 
His  famous  conquefts  highly  magnilide : 
Belides,  her  golden  girdle,  which  did  fall 
From  her  in  flight,  he  fownd,  that  did  him  fore 
apall. 

XXXII. 

Full  of  fad  feare  and  doubtful!  agony 

Fiercely  he  flew  upon  that  wicked  feend  ; 
And  with  huge  fl^rokes  and  cruell  battery 
Him  forfl;  to  leave  his  pray,  for  to  attend 
Himfelfe  from  deadly  daunger  to  defend : 
Full  many  wounds  in  his  corrupted  flefli 
He  did  engrave,  and  muchell  blood  did  fpend. 
Yet  might  not  doe  him  die ;  but  aie  more 
frefli 

And  fierce  he  ftill  appeard,  the  more  he  did  him 
threfli. 

XXXIII. 

He  wifl  not  how  him  to  defpoile  of  life, 
Ne  how  to  win  the  wiflied  vi6lory, 
Sith  him  he  faw  flill  ftronger  grow  through 
flrife, 

XXX 11.  7.     • : muchell  blood]     That  is,  muck 

blood.^  See  the  note  on  muchdl,  F.  Q.  i.  iv.  46.  The  fecond 
and  third  folios,  as  Mr.  Cliurch  has  noticed,  have  converted 
this  Saxon  adjediveinto  "  muckiU  blood."    Todd.  • 


Ag6  THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.     BOOK  HI. 

And  himfelfe  weaker  through  infirmity : 
Greatly  he  grew  enragVI,  and  furioiiily 
llurUng  his  fword  away  he  hghtly  lept 
Upon  the  bead,  that  with  great  cruelty 
Rored  and  raged  to  be  underkept ; 
Yet  he  perforce  him  held,  and  ilrokes  upon  him 
hept. 

XXXIV. 

As  he  that  itrives  to  ftop  a  iiiddein  flood. 
And  in  ftrong  bancks  his  violence  enclofe, 
Forceth  it  fwell  above  his  wonted  mood, 
And  largely  overflow  the  fruitfull  plaine, 
That  all  the  countrey  feemes  to  be  a  maine, 
xVnd  the  rich  furrowes  flote,  all    quite   for- 

donne : 
The  wofull  hufbandman  doth  losvd  complaine 
To  fee  his  whole  yeares  labor  loll  fo  foone, 

For  which  to   God   he  made  fo  many  an  idle 
booiie. 

XXXV. 

So  him  he  held,  and  did  through  might  amate: 
So  long  he  held  him,  and  him  bett  fo  long, 
That  at  the  laft  his  fiercenes  gan  abate, 

XXXIV.  2. enclofe,]     So  all  the 

editions.     The  rhyme  requires  fome  fuch  word  as  conjlraine. 

Church. 
XXXIV.  7.      The  ■wofull  hufbaudman  doth  loud  complaine  &c.] 
Ovid,  Met.  \.  272. 

• "  et  deplovata  coloni 

'*  Vota  jacent;  longique  labor  pcrit  irritus  anni." 

Upton. 


Canto  vit.      the  faerie  queene.  497 

And  meekely  ftoup  unto  the  vi6lor  (Irong : 

Who,   to  avenge  the  implacable  wrong 

Which  he  (uppofed  donne  to  Florimell, 

Sought  by  all  meanes  his  dolor  to  prolong, 

Sith  dint  of  fleele  his  carcas  could  not  quell; 

His  maker  with  her  charmcs  had  framed  him 

fo  well. 

XXXVI. 

The  golden  ribband,  which  that  Virgin  wore 
About  her  fclender  wafte,  he  tooke  in  hand, 
And  with  it  bownd  the  beaft  that  lowd  did 

rore 
For  great  defpight  of  that  unwonted  band, 
Yet  dared  not  his  \i6lor  to  withftand, 
But  trembled  like  a  lambe  fled  from  the  pray ; 
And  all  the  way  him  followd  on  the  Itrand, 
As  he  had  long  bene  learned  to  obay  ; 

Yet  never  learned  he  fuch  fervice  till  that  day* 

XXXVII. 
Thus  as  he  led  the  beaft  along  the  way, 
He  fpide  far  off  a  mighty  Giaunteffe 
Faft  flying,  on  a  courfer  dapled  gray. 
From  a  bold  Knight  that  with  great  hardi* 
neffe 

XXXVI.  6. Jledfrom  the  pray ;]     From  the 

pray,  i.  e.  from  fome  wild  beaft  which  would  have  made  a  prey 
of  her  :  prccda  for  prccdator  ;  fo  fpoyle  for  fpoyler,  F.  Q.  iiu 
viii.  32. 

"  To  fave  herfelfe  from  that  outrageovxs  ^/poj//e ;" 
i.  e.  the  fiftierman  who  would  ravifti  her.     Uptok^  ■ 

VOL.   IV.  K  k 


4i}S  THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  BOOK  III. 

Her  hard  purfewd,  and  fought  for  to  fup- 

prefle : 
She  bore  before  her  lap  a  doleful!  Squire, 
Lying  athwart  her  horfe  in  great  diftrelTe, 
Faft  bounden  hand  and  foote  with  cords  of 

wire, 
Whonie  Ihe  did  meane  to  make  the  thrall  of 

her  defire. 

XXXVIII. 

Which  whenas  Satyrane  beheld,  in  hafte 
He  lefte  his  captive  beaft  at  hberty, 
And  croft  the  neareft  way,  by  which  he  caft 
Her  to  encounter  ere  flie  pafted  by  ; 
But  fhe  the  way  (hund  nathemore  forthy, 
But  forward   gallopt  faft;   which  when  he 

fpyde, 
His  mighty  fpeare  he  couched  warily, 
And  at  her  ran ;  ihe,  having  him  defcryde, 

Herfelfe  to  fight  addreft,  and  threw  her  lode 

afide. 

XXXIX. 
Like  as  a  gofhauke,  that  in  foote  doth  beare 
A  trembling  culver,  having  fpide  on  hight 
An  eagle  that  with  plumy  wings  doth  flieare 
The  fubtile  ayre  ftouping  with  all  his  might. 
The  quarrey   throwes  to  ground   with  fell 

defpight, 
And  to  the  batteill  doth  herfelfe  prepare : 
So  ran  the  GeauntelTe  unto  the  fight ; 


CANTO  VII.         THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  499 

Her  fyrie  eyes  with  furious  fparkes  did  flare, 
And  with  blafphemous  bannes  High  God  in 

peeces  tare. 

XL. 
She  caught  in  hand  an  huge  great  yron  mace, 
Wherewith  (he  many  had  of  hfe  depriv'd ; 
But,  ere  the  ftroke  could  feize  his  aymed 

place, 
His  fpeare  amids  her  fun-brode  fhield  arriv'd  ; 
Yet  nathemore  the  Iteele  afonder  riv'd, 
All  were  the  beame  in  bignes  like  a  maft, 
Ne  her  out  of  the  ftedfaft  fadle  driv'd  ; 
But,  glauncing  on  the  tempred  metall,  brail 
In  thoufand  ftiivers,  and  fo  forth  befide  her  pail. 

XLI. 

Her  ileed  did  dagger  with  that  puiffaunt  ilrooke ; 

XXXIX.  9.  And  tcith  blafphemous  bannes  High  God  in 
peeces  tare.]  Bannes  are  curfes.  The  phrafe  in  peeces  tare, 
means  the  violence  with  which  fhe uttered  her  rage;  and  exhibits 
her  (to  ufe  the  words  of  Hamlet)  "  in  the  very  torrent,  tempeft, 
and  whirlwind  of  paflion."  This  boijierous  kind  of  eloquence 
Hamlet  alfo  thus  defcribes  :  *'  O,  it  offends  me  to  the  foul,  to 
hear  a  robuftious  perriwig-puted  fellow  tear  a  pallion  to  tatters, 
to  ^ery  rags,  to  fplit  the  ears  of  the  groundlings,  t^c."  Todd. 
XL.  6.  j4U  were  the  beaine  in  bignes  like  a  majl,]  Tancred 
and  Argante  had  fpears,  which  TalVo  calls,  le  noderofe  antenne  jjj 
and  his  elegant  tranflator,  two  knotty  viujls.  C.  vi.  40.  Cowley 
has  the  fame  exprefllon  of  the  fpear  of  Goliah: 
"  His  fpear  the  trunk  was  of  a  lofty  tree, 
"  Which  nature  meant  fome  ta/ljhip's  majl  fliould  be  :" 
Though  his  original  fays,  "  the  ftaff  of  his  fpeare  was  like  a 
iveaver's  beam,"  I  Sam.  xvii.  7.  Compare  Satan's  fpear,  Par. 
L.  B.  i.  292. 

"  to  equal  which  the  tailed  pine, 

"  Hewn  on  Norwegian  hills,  to  be  the  maji 

••  Of  fome  great  ammiral,  were  but  a  wand."     UpTON*. 

K  k2 


500  THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  BOOK  IIT. 

But  (he  no  more  was  moved  with  that  might 
Then  it  had  hghted  on  an  aged  oke, 
Or  on  the  marble  pillour  that  is  pight 
Upon  the  top  of  mount  Olympus  hight, 
For  the  brave  youthly  champions  to  aflfay 
AVith    burning    charet   wheeles    it  nigh   to 
iinite  ; 

XLI.  5.      Upon  the  top  of  mount  Olympus  hight, 
.  . ,'  .    -.,,.,  lor  the  brute  youthly  champions  to   ujjay  &c.]      A 
ftr'f.nge  miftake  to   think  that  the  Olympick  games  were  per- 
lormcd  upon  the  top  of  mount  Olympus.     Jortin. 

It  is  hardly  conceivable  that  Spenler  fhould  have  made  fucli 
a  blunder  ;  but  miftakcs  of  the  printer,  by  tnuifpofing  liis  lines, 
ve  have  more  tlian  once  met  with  :  and  I  am  perluaded  that 
the  poet  wrote  thus  : 

• "  on  an  aged  oke 

"  Upon  the  top  of  mount  Olympus  iiight ; 

"  Or  on  the  marble  pillour  that  is  pight 

"  For  the  brave  SiC."  Church. 
I  never  yet  faw  any  romance-writer,  but  fuppofed  the  Olym- 
pick games  celebrated  on  mount  Olympus.  'Svai  Dc  Injlitutiune 
Ordinis  PcriJ'cclidis,  vol.  ii.  p.  2.  '1  heie  our  learned  Sidney 
follows,  in  the  Defence  of  Poetry,  p.  553.  "  Philip  of  Macedon 
reckoned  a  horfe-race  won  at  Olympus  among  his  three  fearful 
felicities."  I  dont  wonder  therefore,  that  Spenfer  fliould  fuller 
himfelf  to  be  milled  by  his  brethren  the  romance-writers,  but 
I  rather  wonder  that  Cooper,  in  his  Thefaurus,  (hould  be  mifled 
by  them :  "  Olynipicum  certamen  was  a  game  or  pryce  kept  on 
the  hyll  of  Olympus."  Sir  W.  Raleigh  therefore,  taking  upou 
him  the  hiftonan,  not  the  romance-writer,  fays,  "  Thefe  Olym- 
pian games  took  their  name,  not  from  the  mountain  Olympus, 
but  from  the  city  Olympia,  otherwife  Pifa,  near  unto  Elis." 
Ral.  Hijlory  of  the  World,  p.  4f)0.     Upton. 

XLl.  ?.  With  burning  chartl  wheeles  it  nigh  to/mite;]  Ov. 
j4rt.  Jin.  iii.  396. 

"  Metaquc  ferrenti  circueunda  rota." 
But  "who  that  fmites  it   Sec.     Here    perhaps  he  had  Neftor's 
fpeech  in  Homer  before  him,   where  the  old  man  inftruds  his 
ion  nicely  to  avoid  the  goal,  II.  x.  340. 


CANTO  VII.         THE  FAERIE  QUEEXE.  501 

But  who  that  fmites  it  mars  his  ioyous  play. 

And  is  the  fpeftacle  of  ruinous  decay. 

XLII. 

Yet,  therewith  fore  enrag'd,  with  fterne  regard 
Her  dreadfull  weapon  ihe  to  him  addreft. 
Which  on  his  helmet  martelled  fo  hard 
That  made  him  low  inchne  his  lofty  creft. 
And  bowd  his  battred  vifour  to  his  breft : 
Wherewith  he   was  fo  ftund  that  he  n'ote 

rvde, 
But  reeled  to  and  fro  from  eaft  to  w^eft : 
Which  when  his  cruell  enimy  efpyde, 

She  lightly  unto  him  adioyned  lyde  to  fyde ; 

XLIII. 

And,  on  his  collar  lapng  puiffaunt  hand. 

Out  of  his  wavering  feat  him  pluckt  perforfe, 
Perforfe  him  pluckt  unable  to  withftand 
Or  helpe  himfelfe  ;  and   laying  thwart  her 

horfe, 
In  loathly  wife  like  to  a  carrion  corfe, 

XLII.  3. martelled]     Hammered.     From 

Ariofto,  C.  xlvi,  131.  "  E  fopra  gli  martelUi."     Upton. 

XLIII.  ].  And,  on  his  collar  laying  puijfavnt  hand,  &c.] 
This  image  of  the  giantelTe  pulling  Sir  Satyraue  off  his  horle 
and  bearing  him  away  in  her  lap,  is  exadly  the  fame  as  in  Vir- 
gil, /En.  xi.  7-i3.  Where  Tarcho  jult  in  the  fame  manner  ferves 
Venulus : 

"  Dereptumque  ab  equo  dextra  conpleditur  hoftem, 

"  Et  gremium  ante  fuum  multa  vi  concitns  aufert. 
"  — Volat  ingens  asquore  Tarchon  (Jcribe  Tarcho) 

"  Arma  virumque  ferens," 
There  is   an  imitation  of  this  pa(T;:ige  of  Virgil  in  Orl.  Innam. 
L.  i.  C.  4.  ft.  97.     Upton. 

K  k3 


502  THE    FAERIE    QUEENE.  "BOOK  III. 

She  bore   him  faft  away:  which  when  the 

Knight 

That  lier  purfewed  faw,  with  great  remorfe 

He  neare  was  touched  in  his  noble  Ipright, 

And  gan  encreafe  his  Ipeed  as  fhe  encreaft  her 

flight. 

XLIV. 

AVhom  whenas  nigh  approching  flie  efpyde, 
She  threw  away  her  burden  angrily  ; 
For  flie  lilt  not  the  batteill  to  abide, 
But  made  herielfe  more  light  away  to  fly : 
Yet  her  the  hardy  Knight  purfewd  fo  nye 
That  almoft  in  the  backe  he  oft  her  fl;rake : 
But  flill,  when  him  at  hand  flie  did  elpy, 
She  turnd,  and  femblaunce  of  faire  fight  did 
make ; 

But,  when  he  fl:ayd,  to  flight  againe  flie  did  her 

take. 

XLV. 

By  this  the  good  Sir  Satyrane  gan  wake 

Out  of  his  dreame  that  did  him  long  en^ 

traunce, 
And,  feeing  none  in  place,  he  gan  to  make 
Exceeding    mone,    and     curit    that    cruell 

chaunce 
Which  reft  from  him  fo  faire  a  chevifaunce : 

XLV.  5.  JFJiich  reft  from  him  fo  faire  &c.]  So  the  poet's 
own  editions  read,  which  tliofe  of  1751,  Church,  and  Upton, 
foUow.     All  the  reft  read  "  Which  reft  him  from  fo  faire  &c." 

To  DO. 


CANTO  VII.         THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  .503 

At   length    he   fpjde   whereas   that   wofuU 

Squyre, 
Whom  he  had  refkewed  from  captivaunce 
Of  his  ftrong  foe,  lay  tombled  in  the  my  re. 

Unable  to  arife,  or  foot  or  hand  to  ftyre« 

XLVI. 

To  whom  approching,  well  he  mote  perceive 
In  that  fowle  plight  a  comely  perlbnage 
And  lovely  face,  made  fit  for  to  deceive 
Fraile  Ladies  hart  with  loves  confuming  rage, 
Now  in  the  bloflbme  of  his  frelheft  age : 
He  reard  him  up  and  loofd  his  yron  bands. 
And  after  gan  inquire  his  parentage, 
And  how  he  fell  into  that  Gyaunts  hands, 

And  who  that  was  which  chaced  her  along  the 

lands. 

XLVII. 

Then  trembling  yet  through  feare  the  Squire 
befpake ; 
*'  That  Geauntefie  Argante  is  behight, 
A  daughter  of  the  Titans  which  did  make 
Warre  againft  heven,  and  heaped  hils  on  hight 
To  fcale  the  llcyes  and  put  love  from  his  right : 
Her  fyre  Typhoeus  was ;  who,  mad  through 
merth, 

XLVI.  8. that  Gyaunts  hands,^     So  the 

fecond  edition  reads,  meaning,  How  he  fell  into  the  hands  of 
that  gyantejfe.  Al!  the  editions  follow  this  reading  except 
thole  of  1751,  and  Mr.  Upton,  which  adhere  to  the  poet's  firft 
edition,  "  the  Gyaunts  hands."    Todd. 

K  k4 


50^  THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.         BOOK  III. 

And  droiike  with  blood  of  men  flaine  by  his 

might, 

Throuo;h  inceft  her  of  his  owne  mother  Earth 

AYhylome  begot,  being  but  hahe  twin  of  that 

berth : 

XLVIII. 

*'  For  at  that  berth  another  babe  ihe  bore ; 

Toweet,  the  mightie  OUyphant,  that  wrought 

Great  wreake  to  many  errant  Knights  of  yore, 

And  many  hath  to  foule  confufion  brought. 

Thefe  twinnes,  men  fay,  (a  thing  far  pafiing 

•thought,) 

'  Whiles  in  their  mothers  wombe  enclofd  they 

were, 

Ere    they    into    the    lightfom   world   were 

brought, 

XLVIII.   1.     Fur  at  that  berth  annlher  babe  Jhe  bore; 

'To  Tieet,  the  viighiie  OUyphant,  &c.]  In  the 
e|)ifode  before  us  we  fee  lliameful  lujl,  reprefented  by  Argante 
a  gyantefle,  purfued,  and  only  to  be  overmatched  by  chajiity, 
Palladine.  Vot  what  could  TyjihcEus  doe,  or  his  unnatural 
daughter,  "  contra  fonanteni  I'alladis  aegida  ?"  Arganie  and 
OUyphant  were  the  twins  of  Typhceus  and  TeUus.  This  OUy- 
phant is  mentioned  by  Chaucer  in  the  lihne  of  Sir  Thopas, 
where  the  doughty  knight,  arriving  at  the  countre  of  Fair ie, 
finds  a  grete  gyaunt  named  Olyphant,  A  perillous  man  oj  drede. 

Uptok. 

XL\'III  4.  And  many  hath  to  foule  amfufion  brought.'] 
So  the  line  is  given  in  tiie  fccond  and  all  the  fubfequent  edi- 
tions. But,  I  think,  the  alteration  is  not  Spenfer's,  as  the 
fenfe  is  thereby  more  perplexed.  I  read,  with  the  firft  edition, 
"  'Fill  him  Chylde  Thopas  to  contulion  brought."     Chukcii. 

The  reafon  is  plain  why  Spenfer,  in  the  fecond  edition, 
altered  Till  him  Chi/lde  Thopas  into  And  many  hath  &c-  For, 
by  Chaucer's  (tory  of  Sir  Thopas,  it  does  not  appear  that  the 
giant  was  flain  ;  the  ftory  breaking  off  abruptly.     Upton. 


Canto  yii.      the  faerie  queexe.  505 

In  flefhly  lull  were  mingled  both  yfere, 
And  in  that  monftrous  wile  did  to  the  world 

appere. 

XLIX. 
*'  So  liv'd  they  ever  after  in  like  fin, 

Gainft  natures  law  and  good  behaveoure : 
But  greateft  Ihame  was  to  that  maiden  twin ; 
Who,  not  content  fo  fowly  to  devoure 
Her   native  flelh    and    ftaine    her   brothers 

bow  re, 
Did  wallow  in  all  other  flellily  myre, 
And  fuffred  bealles  her  body  to  deflowre ; 
So  M'hot  fhe  burned  in  that  luftfull  fyre : 
Yet  all  that  might  not  flake  her  lenfuall  defyre : 

L. 
*'  But  over  all  the  countrie  flie  did  raunge, 
To  feeke  young  men  to  quench  her  flaming 

thruft, 
And  feed  her  fancy  with  delightfull  chaunge : 

XLIX.  4.     fo  fowly  to  devoure 

Her  native Jiejh]     This  is  a  Latinifm.     Plautus, 
^/in.  A.  ii.  S.  ii.  71. 

"  Jam  devorandum  cenfes  fi  confpexeris."     Upton. 

XLIX.  5. Jiabie]     So  the  firft  edition  redds, 

to  which  Hughes's  fecond  edition,  and  thofe  of  1751,  Church, 
Upton,  and  tonfon's  in  1758,  rightly  adhere.  The  reft  follow, 
\vhat  I  imagine  to  have  been  an  unperceived  errour,  the  reading 
of  the  fecond  edition, ^^raw^e.     Todd. 

L.  2. ffii'i'Jt,]     This  original  reading 

has  been  modernifed,  by  fome  editions,  into  t/uiijt  and  thirji, 
when  even  the  rhyme,  as  well  as  the  ancient  orthography,  op- 
pofed  the  alteration.  See  the  notes  on  thriiji,  F.  Q.  ii.  ii.  29, 
i,  V.  15,  &G.    Todd. 


506  THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  BOOK  III. 

AVhom  fo  flie  fitted  findes  to  ferve  her  luft. 
Through  her  maine  ftrength,  in  which  Ihe 

moil  doth  truft, 
She  with  her  bringes  into  a  fecret  ile, 
AVhere  in  eternall  bondage  dye  he  muft. 
Or  be  the  vafTall  of  her  pleafares  vile, 

And  in  all  thamefull  fort  himfelfe  with  her  defile. 

LI. 

"  Me  feely  wretch  {he  fo  at  vauntage  caught. 
After  fhe  long  in  waite  for  me  did  lye, 
And  meant  unto  her  prifon  to  have  brought, 
Her  lothfom  pleafure  there  to  fatistye ; 
That  thoufand  deathes  me  lever  were  to  dye 
Then  breake  the  vow  that  to  faire  Columbell 
I  plighted  have,  and  yet  keepe  ftedfaftly : 
As  for  my  name,  it  miftreth  not  to  tell ; 

Call  me  the  Squyre  of  Dames ;   that  me  be- 

feemeth  well. 

LII. 
"  But  that  bold  Knight,  whom  ye  purfuing  faw 
That  Geauntefle,  is  not  fuch  as  fhe  feemd, 
But  a  faire  Virgin  that  in  martiall  law 
And  deedes  of  armes  above  all  Dames  is 
deemd, 


L,  7^ , dye  he  »«//?,]     So  all  the 

editions.     Spenfer,  I  (hould  think,  gave 

. "  lye  he  muft." 

See  F.  Q.  i.  v.  46.     Church. 

LI.  8. ■ it  miftreth  not]     Ixftgnifies  not, 

it  needs  not,  Ital.  mrftiere,  need,  occafion.     Upton. 


CANTO  VIT.         THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  507 

And  above  many  Knightes  is  eke  efteemd 
For  her  great  worth ;  fhe  Palladine  is  hight : 
She  joii  from  death,  you  me  from  dread, 

redeemd : 
Ne  any  may  that  moniler  match  in  fight, 
But  Ihe,  or  fuch  as  ilie,  that  is  fo  chafte  a  wight." 

LIII. 

"  Her  well  befeemes  thatqueft,"  quoth  Satyrane : 
*'  But  read,  thou  Squyre  of  Dames,  what  vow 

is  this, 
Which  thou  upon  thyfelfe  haft  lately  ta'ne  ?'* 
*'  That  fhall  I  you  recount,"  quoth  he,  "  y wis. 
So  be  ye  pleafd  to  pardon  all  amis. 
That  gentle  Lady  whom  I  love  and  ferve. 
After  long  fuit  and  wearie  fervicis, 
Did  afke  me  how  I  could  her  love  deferve. 

And  how  fhe  might  be  fure  that  I  would  never 

fwerve. 

Liv. 
"  I,  glad  by  any  meanes  her  grace  to  gaine, 
Badd  her  commaund  my  life  to  fave  or  fpill : 
Eftfoones  Ihe  badd  me  with  inceffaunt  paine 
To  wander  through  the  world  abroad  at  will, 

LIII.  1.  Her  'well  befeemes  that  queft.]  Quejt  is  a  term 
properly  belonging  to  romance,  importing  the  expedition  in 
which  the  knight  is  engaged,  and  which  he  is  obliged  to  per- 
form.    It  is  a  very  common  word  with  Spenfer. 

T.  VVarton. 

LIII.  4.  That  Jhall  I  you  recount,  quoth  hc,'\  The  tale  of 
the  Squire  of  Dames,  is  a  copy  of  the  Hoft's  tale  in  Ariofto, 
C.  xxviii.     T.  Wauton. 


,508  THE  FAERIE  QUEEXE.    BOOK  III. 

And  every  where,  where  with  my  power  or 

I  might  doe  fervice  unto  gentle  Dames, 
That  I  the  fame  fliould  taithtully  fulfill ; 
And  at  the  twelve  monethes  end  lliould  brins 
their  names 
And  pledges,  as  the  fpoiles  of  my  vi6torious 

games. 

LV. 
"  So  well  I  to  faire  Ladies  fervice  did. 

And  found  fuch  favour  in  their  loving  hartes, 

^That,  ere  the  yeare  his  courfe  had  compaffid. 

Three  hundred  pledges  for  my  good  defartes. 

And  thrice  three  hundred  thanks  for  my  good 

partes, 
I  with  me  brought  and  did  to  her  prefent : 
Which  when  fhe  law,  more  bent  to  eke  my 

fmartes 
Then  to  reward  my  trufty  true  intent. 
She  gan  for  me  devife  a  grievous  puniftiment ; 

LVI. 
"  To  weet,  that  I  my  traveill  fliould  refume, 
And  with  like  labour  walke  the  world  arownd, 
Ne  ever  to  her  prefence  ihould  prefume, 
Till  I  fo  many  other  Dames  had  fownd, 
The  which,    for  all   the   fuit  I   could    pro- 

pownd, 
AVould  me  refufe  their  pledges  to  afford, 
But  did  abide  for  ever  chafte  and  fownd.'* 


CANTO  VII.         THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  509 

"  Ah  !  gentle  Squyre,"   quoth  he,  "  tell  at 

one  word, 

How  many  fownd'il  thou  fuch  to  put  in  thy 

record  ?'* 

LVII. 

**  Indeed,  Sir  Knight,"    laid  he,    "  one  word 

may  tell 
All  that  I  ever  fownd  fo  wifely  ftayd. 
For  onely  three  they  were  difpofd  fo  well ; 
And  yet  three  yeares  I  now  abrode  have 

ftrayd. 
To  find  them  out."  "  Mote  I,"  then  laughing 

fayd 
The  Knight,  "  inquire  of  thee  what  were 

thofe  three. 

The  which  thy  proffred  curtefie  denayd  ? 

Or  ill  they  feemed  fure  avizd  to  bee, 

Or  brutilTily  brought  up,  that  nev'r  did  fafliions 

fee." 

LVIII. 

^*  The  firft  which  then  refufed  me,"  faid  hee, 

"  Certes  was  but  a  common  courtifane  ; 

Yet  flat  refufd  to  have  adoe  with  mee, 

Becaufe  I  could  not  give  her  many  a  jane." 

LVIII.  4.     Becaufe  I  could  vot  give  her  mani/ a  jdiue.]     So 
Chaucer,  Rime  of'  Sir  Topas,  v.  3242. 
"  Of  Bruges  were  his  hofin  brown, 
"  His  robe  was  of  Chekelatoun, 
*'  That  coll  many  a  jane." 
Many  a  jane,  i.e.    "  much  money."     Skinner  informs   us, 
that  JANE  is  a  coin  of  GviQa ;  and  Speght,  in  his  Gloffary  tu 


510  THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.     BOOK  IIT, 

(Thereat  full  hartely  laughed  Satyrane.) 
"  The  fecond  was  an  holy  nunne  to  chofe, 
Which  would  not  let  me  be  her  chappellane, 
Becaufe  llie  knew,  flie  fayd,  I  would  difclofe 
Her  counfell,   if  flie  fliould   her  truft  in  me 

repofe. 

LIX. 
*'  The  third  a  damzell  was  of  low  degree, 
Whom    I    in    countrey   cottage    fownd    by 

chaunce : 
Full  litle  weened  I  that  chaftitee 
Had  lodging  in  fo  meane  a  maintenaunce ; 
Yet  was  ilie  fay  re,  and  in  her  countenaunce 
Dwelt  fimple  truth  in  feemely  falliion : 


Chaucer,  interprets  jane,  half-pence  of  Janua,  [Genoa]  or 
galy  kalf-peine.  Chaucer  Ibmetimes  ufes  it  as  a  coin  of  little 
value;  as,  "  Dear  enough  o.  jane,"  CI.  of  Oxenford's  Tale, 
V.  2020.  And  in  other  places.  Stow  has  given  us  an  account 
of  thefe  galy  half -pence  at  large.  *'  In  this  lane,  [M  inch  in] 
dwelled  divers  Itrangers,  born  of  Genoa,  and  thole  partes ; 
thefe  were  commonly  called  gallie  men,  as  men  that  came  up 
in  the  gallies,  who  brought  up  wines  and  other  merchandizes, 
"which  they  landed  in  Thames-ftrete,  at  a  place  called  galley- 
key  :  they  had  a  certaine  coyne  of  filver  amonglt  themfelves, 
which  were  half-pence  of  Genoa,  and  were  called  galley  half' 
pence.  Thefe  half-pence  were  forbidden  in  the  thirteenth  year 
of  Henry  IV,  and  again  by  parliament  in  the  third  of  Henry  V, 
by  the  name  of  half-pence  of  Genoa,  forbidden  to  pafle  as  un- 
lawfull  payment  amonglt  the  Englifli  fubjedts.  Notwithftanding, 
in  my  youth,  I  have  feen  them  palTe  currant,  &c."  Sunet/  of 
London,  p.  97.  edit.  1599.  4to.  This  paflage  will  ferve  to 
illuftrate  Speght's  interpretation  of  the  word  under  confidera- 
tion,  which  is  at  prefent  obfcure  and  unfatisfadory. 

T.  Warton. 
LVIII.  5.     Thereat  full  hartely  laughed  Satyrane.}  The  folio 
of  l6'0y  fpells  it  laught.     Upton. 


CANTO  VII.         THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  511 

Long  thus  I  woo'd  her  with  due  6bfervaunce, 
In  hope  unto  my  pleafure  to  have  won ; 
But  was  as  far  at  laft,  as  when  I  firft  begon. 

LX. 
*'  Safe  her,  I  never  any  woman  found 
That  chaftity  did  for  itfelfe  embrace, 
But  were  for  other  caufes  firme  and  found ; 
Either  for  want  of  handfome  time  and  place, 
Or  elfe  for  feare  of  ihame  and  fowle  dif- 

grace. 
Thus  am  I  hopelefle  ever  to  attaine 
My  Ladies  love,  in  fuch  a  defperate  cafe, 
But  all  my  dayes  am  like  to  wafte  in  vaine. 
Seeking  to  match  the  chalte  with  th'  unchaite 
Ladies  traine." 

LXI. 
"  Perdy,'*    fayd   Satyrane,    "  thou  Squyre  of 
Dames, 
Great  labour  fondly  haft  thou  hent  in  hand. 
To  get  fmall  thankes,  and  therewith  many 

blames ; 
That  may  emongft  Alcides  labours  ftand," 
Thence  backe  returning  to  the  former  land. 
Where  late  he  left  the  beaft  he  overcame, 

LX.  1.  Safe  her,  &c.]  Perhaps  it  may  be  unnecefl^ary  to 
obferve,  that  this  free  ceiifure  of  the  fair/ex  comes  from  the 
niouth  of  a  profefled  debauchee.     Church. 

LX.  9.  Seeking  to  match  the  chajle  with  th'  unchafte  ladies 
traine.J     That  is,  feeking  to  make  up  the  number  300  of  each. 

Upton. 


512  THE    FAEKIE    QUEENE.  BOOK  TH. 

He  found  liim  not;  for  he  had  broke  his  band, 
And  was  returnd  againe  unto  his  Dame, 
To  tell  what  tydings  of  fayre  Florimell  became. 

LXI.  7. for  he  had  broke  his  band,]     In 

ft.  36",  Sir  Satyrane  leads  tlu;  beaft  by  Floriniel's  girdle;  and 
upon  fight  of  the  giantefs  lets  go  the  ftring,  ft.  38.  After- 
wards the  beaft  returns  to  the  witch  with  the  girdle.  And  yet 
Sir  Satyrane  (though  we  are  not  told  by  what  means)  is  faid  tt» 
be  in  poft'eftion  of  the  fame  girdle,  F.  Q.  iv.  ii,  25. 

Church. 


CANTO  VIII.       THE  FAERIE  QU EEXE,  513 


CANTO   viir, 

77ie  /Fitch  creates  a  fnowy  La- 

di)  like  to  Florimcll ; 
Who  xcroug'd  by  Carle,  hi)  Proteus  fav'dy 

Is  fought  by  ParidelL 

I. 

SO  oft  as  I  this  hiftorv  record, 

My  hart  doth  melt  with  meere  compaffion, 
To  thinke  how  caufeleile  of  her  owne  accord 
This  gentle  Damzell,  whom  I  write  upon, 
Should  plonged  be  in  fuch  affliction 
Without  all  hope  of  comfort  or  reliefe ; 
That  fure  I  weene  the  hardell  hart  of  Hone 
Would  hardly  finde  to  ao:2:ravate  her  o;riefe : 

For  mifery  craves  rather  mercy  then  repriefe. 

II. 

But  that  accurfed  Hag,  her  hoftelTe  late, 
Had  fo  enranckled  her  malitious  hart, 
That  (he  defyrd  th'  abridgement  of  her  fate, 
Or  long  enlargement  of  her  painefuU  fmart. 

I.  3.     Hovi  caufeleffe  of  her  own  accord]     How  caufelejs,  how 
without  any  juft  caufe  :  Of  her  own  accord,  for  fhe  was  in  .pur- 
fuit  of  Marinell.     See  above,  F.  Q.  iii.  i.  15,  iii.  vi.  54. 
^  Upton. 

I.  9- .     repriefe.]     For  reproof 

Church. 

VOL.  IV.  L  1 


514  THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  BOOK  III. 

Now  when  the  beaft,  which  by  her  wicked  art 
Late  foorth  flie  fent,  Aie  backe  retourning       | 

fpyde 
Tyde  with  her  golden  girdle ;  it  a  part 
Of  Her  rich  fpoyles  whom  he  had  earft  de- 
ft royd 
She  weend,  and  wondrous  gladnes  to  her  hart       j 
applyde : 

And,  with  it  ronning  haft'ly  to  her  fonne,  | 

Thought  with  that  light  him  much  to  have 
reliv'd ; 
,     Who,   thereby  deeming   fure  the  thing   as      i 
donne, 

II.  7-  Tyde  tcith  her  golden  girdle ;]  So  the  firft  edition 
reads;  which  thofe  of  1731,  Upton,  Church,  and  Tonfon's  in 
1738,  rightly  follow.  The  rell  read  "  her  brokm  girdle." 
But,  as  Mr,  Upton  obferves,  "  this  famous  girdle  was  loofed 
from  Florimel,  yet  not  broken,  as  the  reader  may  fee  by  com-  j 
paring   F.  Q.   iii.  vii.  36,  iii.  viii.  49,  iv.   ii.   25,    particularly 

F.  Q.  iv.  iv.  15,  and  the  following  Canto,  where  the  Ladies  try 
to  gird  themfelves  with  this  chafte,  unbroken,  and  golden 
zone."     Todd. 

III.  2. reliv'd  ;]     To  have 

reanimated  him.     Re/ii'd  is  Spenfer's  own   reading ;  but  the       j 
folios,   Hughes,  and  Tonfon's  edition  in  1758,   have  departed 
from  it,  and  read  relicv'd.     Todd. 

III.  3.  Who  thereby  deeming  &c.]  This  incident  is  like  a 
paflage  in  the  Seien  Champions,  B.  i.  c.  \6.  St.  George  finding, 
by  the  light  of  the  moon,  the  chain  which  Sabra  ufed  to  wear 
about  her  neck,  befmeared  with  blood,  fuppofes  her  to  have 
"been  raviflied  and  flain  by  the  giant  of  the  enchanted  tower: 
*'  O  difcontented  fight,  faid  he,  here  is  the  chain  befmeared 
in  l)lood,  which,  at  our  full  actiuaintancc,  I  gave  her  in  a 
Itately  mafke."     T.  Warton. 

Pi-obably  both  incidents  are  indebted  to  the  adventure  of 
Pyraitius  and  Thilbe  in  Ovid.     Todd> 


CANTO  VIII.       THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  515 

His  former  sriefe  with  furie  frefli  revived 
Much  more  than  earft,  and  would  have  al- 

gates  riv'd 

The  hart  out  of  his  breft :  for  fith  her  dedd 

He  furely  dempt,  himfelfe  he  thought  deprived 

Quite  of  all  hope  wherewith  he  long  had  fedd 

His  fooliili  malady,  and  long  time  had  mifledd. 

IV. 
AVith  thought  whereof  exceeding  mad  he  grew. 
And  in  his  rage  his  mother  would  have  llaine. 
Had  (he  not  fled  into  a  fecret  mew, 
Where  (lie  was  wont  her  fprightes  to  enter- 

taine, 
The  maifters  of  her  art :  there  was  (he  faine 
To  call  them  all  in  order  to  her  ayde, 
And  them  conjure,  upon  eternall  paine, 
To  counfell  her  fo  carefully  difmayd 
How  flie  might  heale  her  fonne  whofe  fenfes  were 
decayd. 

V. 

By  their  advice,  and  her  owne  wicked  wit. 
She  there  deviz'd  a  wondrous  w^orke  to  frame. 


IV.  5.  The  maifters  o/"/ier  art :]  The  witches  in  Macbeth 
thus  denominate  their  fpirits,  ma/ters  : 

"  1ft.  Witch.  Say,  if  thoud'ft  rather  hear  it  from  our  mouths, 
"  Or  from  our  majiers  ? 
"  Macb.  Call  them,  let  me  fee  them."     Todd. 

V.  1.  By  their  a,d\'ice,]  So  the  fecond  and  all  tbo  fub- 
fequent  editions,  which  I  fuppofe  to  be  the  true  reading,  us 
deviz'd  occurs  iu  the  next  line :  The  firft  reads  device. 

Church. 

L  1  2 


510  THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  BOOK  III. 

Whofe  like  on  earth  was  never  framed  jit; 
That  even  Nature  lelfe  envide  the  fame, 
And   grudg'd  to  fee   the   counterfet  (hould 

iliame 
The  thing  itfeUe  :  In  hand  flie  boldly  tooke 
To  make  another  like  the  former  Dame, 
Another  Florimell,  in  fliape  and  looke 
So  lively,  and  fo  like,  that  many  it  mittooke. 

VI. 

The  fubltance,  whereof  Ihe  the  body  made. 
Was  pureft  fnow  in  mafly  mould  congeald, 
Which  flie  had  gathered  in  a  fliady  glade 
Of  the  Riphoean  hils,  to  her  reveald 
By  errant  fprights,  but  from  all  men  con- 

ceald: 
The  fame  ihe  tempred  with  fine  mercury 
And  virgin  wex  that  never  yet  was  feald. 
And  mingled  them  with  perfe6l  vermily ; 

That  like  a  lively  fanguine  it  feemd  to  the  eye. 

VII. 

Inftead  of  eyes  two  burning  lampes  ihe  fet 
In  filver  fockets,  fliyning  like  the  fkyes. 
And  a  quicke  moving  fpirit  did  arret 

V.  7.      To  malie  another  &c.]     See  Mr.  Warton's  note  on  the 
falfe  lady,  F.  Q.  i.  i,  45.     Todd. 

Yll   3^ arret]     Appoint.    Fr. 

arrejler.  Thus  "  arrefter  un  jour"  is  a  French  phrafe,  to  ap- 
point a  day.  See  allb'Cotgrave's  Fr.  Did.  in  v.  "  Arrester, 
to  Itay,  flop,  kc.  Alio,  to  determine,  decree,  refolve  of,  &c." 
So,  in  F.  Q.  iv.  v.  21.  "  The  judges  did  arret  her  unto  tiie 
feconJ  bell,  &c."     Todu. 


CANTO  VIII.       THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  517 

To  flirre  and  roll  them  like  to  vvomens  eyes : 
Inftead  of  yellow  lockes  (he  did  devyfe 
With  golden  wyre  to  weave  her  curled  head  : 
Yet  golden  wyre  was  not  lb  yellow  thryfe 
As  Florimells  fay  re  heare :  and,  in  the  ftead 
Of  life,  (he  put  a  fpright  to  rule  the  carcas  dead  ; 

VIII. 
A  wicked  fpright,  yfraught  with  fawning  guyle 
And  fayre  refemblance  above  all  the  refl, 
Which  with  the  Prince  of  Darkenes  fell  fome- 

whyle 
From  heavens  blis  and  everlafting  reft : 
Him  needed  not  ,inftru6l  which  way  were  befl 
Himfelfe  to  faftiion  likeft  Florimell, 
Ne  how  to  fpeake,  ne  how  to  ufe  his  geft ; 
For  he  in  counterfefaunce  did  excell, 
And  all  the  wyles  of  wemens  wits  knew  paffing 
well. 


VII.  4.     •^ ■ like  to  womens  ei/es  ;]     So  the 

firft  edition  reads,  which  thofe  of  1751,  Upton,  and  Church, 
follow.  The  fecond  edition,  the  folios,  and  Hughes,  read 
•'  like  a  ■uoman's  eyes."  Tonfon's  edition  in  1758,  "  like  to 
"woman's  eyes."     Todd, 

VII.  7.     Yet  golden  wyre  teas  not  fo  yellow  thryfe 

As  Florimells  fayre  heare ;]  That  is,  was  not  a  third 
part  fo  yellow.  This  phantom  is  decked  out  with  pretty  ima- 
gination; and  may  be  compared  with  the  vifiunary  fliade  men- 
tioned above,  F.  Q.  i.  i.  \b.  Below,  ft.  11,  he  calls  her  Hole, 
which  is  Homer's  exprefiion  for  the  like  phantom  decked  out 
by  Apollo,  11.  L  449. 

AvTap  0  EIAnAON  T£t'|   upyvcoro^oq   AitoXKuv, 
AvTu  r     All's. a  ixjX&v  k,  Ttvy^iji  rotov. 

Virgil  tranilates  ii^u7,ov,  imago,  Ain.  x.  643.     Upton. 

L  13 


518  THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  BOOK  III. 

IX. 

Him  fliaped  thus  flie  deckt  in  garments  gay, 
AVhich  Florimell  had  left  behind  her  late ; 
That  whoi'o  then  her  faw,  would  furely  fay 
It  was  herfelfe  whom  it  did  imitate, 
Or  fayrer  then  herfelfe,  if  ought  algate 
Might  fayrer  be.     And  then  ihe  forth  her 

brought 
Unto  her  fonne  that  lay  in  feeble  flate ; 

.    Who  feeing  her  gan  Itreight  upftart,  and 
thought 

She  was  the  Lady  felfe  whom  he  fo  long  had 

fought. 

X. 
Tho,  fad  her  clipping  twixt  his  armes  twayne, 
Extremely  ioyed  in  fo  happy  fight. 
And  foone  forgot  his  former  fickely  payne : 
But  (he,  the  more  to  feeme  fuch  as  Ihe  hight, 
Coyly  rebutted  his  embracement  light ; 
Yet  ftill,  with  gentle  countenaunce,  retained 
Enough  to  hold  a  foole  in  vaine  delight : 
Him  long  ihe  fo  with  Ihadowes  entertained, 
As  her  creatrelfe  had  in  charge  to  her  ordain'd  : 

XI. 
Till  on  a  day,  as  he  difpofed  was 

To  walke  the  woodes  with  that  his  idole  faire, 

IX.  9. whom  hefo  long  had  fought.]    This  is 

tlie  emendation  of  the  firft  folio,  which  every  fubieqiient  edition 
has  admitted.     Spenfer's  own  editions  read,  "  iv/io  he  &c." 

TopD. 


CANTO  VIII.       THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  519 

Her  to  clifport  and  idle  time  to  pas 
In  th'  open  freflmes  of  the  gentle  aire, 
A  Knight  that  way  there  chaunced  to  repaire; 
Yet  Knight  he  was  not,  but  a  boaftfull  fwaine 
That  deedes  of  armes  had  ever  in  defpaire. 
Proud  Braggadocchio,  that  in  vaunting  vaine 

His  glory  did  repofe  and  credit  did  maintaine. 

XII. 

He,  feeing  with  that  Chorle  fo  faire  a  wight 
Decked  with  many  a  coftly  ornament. 
Much  merveiled  thereat,  as  well  he  might. 
And  thought  that  match  a  fowle  diiparage- 

ment : 
His  bloody  fpeare  eftefoones  he  boldly  bent 
Againft  the  lilly  Clowne,  who  dead  through 

feare 
Fell  flreight  to  ground  in  great  aftonilhment : 
"  Villein,"  fayd  he,  "  this  Lady  is  my  deare  ; 

Dy,  if  thou  it  gainefay :  I  will  away  her  beare/' 

XIII. 
The  fearefuU  Chorle  durft  not  gainefay  nor  dooe, 
But  trembling  flood,  and  yielded  him  the 

pray; 
Who,  finding  litle  leafure  her  to  wooe. 
On  Tromparts  fteed  her  mounted  without 

ftav. 
And  without  refkew  led  her  quite  away. 
Proud    man    himfelfe    then    Braggadochio 
deem'd, 

l14 


510  THE  FAERIE  QUEENE,    BOOK  III. 

And  next  to  none,  after  that  happy  day, 
Being  poflTeflfed  of  that  fpoyle,  which  feem*d 

The  fairelt  \vio;ht  on  "-round  and  moil  of  men 
efteem'd. 

XIV. 

But,  when  he  faw  himfelfe  free  from  pourfute, 
He  gan  make  gentle  purpofe  to  his  Dame 
AVith  termes  of  love  and  lewdnefle  diflblute  ; 
!For  he  could  well  his  glozing  fpeaches  frame 
To  fuch  vaine  ufes  that  him  beft  became : 
But  fhe  thereto  would  lend  but  light  regard, 
As  feeming  fory  that  fhe  ever  came 
Into  his  powre,  that  ufed  her  fo  hard 

To  reave  her  honor  which  ilie  more  then  life 
prefard. 

XV. 

Thus  as  they  two  of  kindnes  treated  long, 
There  them  by  chaunce  encountred  on  the 

way 
An  armed  Knight  upon  a  courfer  ftrong, 

XIV.  2.     He  gan  make,  gentle  purpofe   to  kis  Da?)ie'\     So 
l\lilton,  Far.  L.  B.  iv.  337. 

"   Nor  gentle  purjxjje,  nor  endearing  fmiles 

"  Wanted,  nor  youtliful  dalliance — "     Thyer. 

XIV.  4. /lis  gloz'iug  fpeaches]     So  Milton 

uies  gluziiig,  and  gl'jz'd.  "  Man  will  hearken  to  his  glozing 
lies,"  Par.  L.  R.  iii.  93.  "  So  gloz'd  the  Tempter,"  B.  ix. 
545). — Glaze,  glofui,  to  deceive,  Hatter,  lye.  Glofl".  to  Urry's 
Chaucer.     Church. 

XV.  3.     An  armed  Kvi^ht']     Sir  Ferraugh.     See  F.  Q.  iv, 
ii.  4.     Todd. 


CANTO  Vrtl.       THE  fAEllIE  QUEEKE.  ^21 

Whole  trampling  feete  upon  the  hollow  lay 
Seemed  to  thunder,  and  did  nigh  affray 
That  Capons  corage ;  yet  he  looked  grim. 
And  favnd  to  cheare  his  Lady  in  dilma^'. 
Who  feemd  for  feare  to  quake  in  every  lim, 

And  her  to  fave  from  outrage  meekely  prayed 
him. 

XVI. 

Fiercely  that  Straunger  forward  came ;  and,  nigh 
Approching,with  bold  words  and  bitter  threat 
Bad  that  fame  Boafter,  as  he  mote  on  high, 
To  leave  to  him  that  Lady  for  excheat. 
Or  bide  him  batteill  without  further  treat. 


XV.  4.     WJiofe  trampling  feetc  vpoii  the  hollow  lay 

Seemed  to  thunder,']  'i'hf  hollow  lai/,  "  putrem  cam- 
pum  ;"  a  Zaj/  or  lea  of  land  ab  Anglo-Sax.  ley,  terra,  lea^, 
campus :  Skinner.  Spenfer  very  planily  tranflates  Virgil,  uEn. 
viii.  o.96\ 

"  Quadrupedante  putrem  fonitu  quatit  ungula  campum." 

Upton. 

XVI.  3.     Bad  that  fame  boajier,  as  he  7note  on  higli, 

To  leave  to  him  &c.]  He  commanded  that  fame 
boafter  (as  he  might  anfwer  it  to  his  peril)  i7i  high  terms,  on 
high,  i.  e.  highli/.     So  on  live  is  alive.     Upton. 

Js  he  mote  on  high,  means  as  loud  as  he  could  call.     So,  in 
F.  Q.  vi.  vi.  24. 

"  And  with  reprochfull  words  him  thus  befpake  on  hight." 
All  the  editions  point  thus  : 

"  Bad  that  fame  boafter,  as  he  mote,  on  high 
"  To  leave  to  him  &c."     Church. 
XVI.  4.     To  leave   to  him  that  Ladj/  for  excheat,]     As  an 
efcheat ;  as  his  right,    who  was   lord  of  the  manor,    and  true 
owner  of  all  ftrayed  fair  ladies.     This  is  faid  with  humour. 

Upion. 
See  the  note  on  excheat,  F.  Q.  i.  v.  25.     Church. 
XVI.  J.     Or  bide  hi?n  batteill]     Or  bid  him  battle.     So,  in 


522         THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.     BOOK  III. 

That  challenge  did  too  peremptory  feeme, 
And  fild  his  fenfes  with  abaihment  great ; 
Yet,  feeing  nigh  him  ieopardy  extreme, 
He  it   diflembled   well,    and   light   feemd    to 
efteeme ; 

XVII. 
Saying,  "  Thou  foolifh  Knight,  that  weenft  with 
words 
To  fteale  away  that  I  with  blowes  have  wonne, 
And  brought  through  points  of  many  perilous 

fwords ! 
But  if  thee  lift  to  fee  thy  courfer  ronne. 
Or  prove  thyfelfe  ;  this  fad  encounter  (honne. 
And  feeke  els  without  hazard  of  thy  hedd." 
At  thofe   prowd  words  that  other   Knight 

begonne 
To  wex  exceeding  wroth,  and  him  aredd 
To  turne  his  fteede  about,  or  fure  he  fliould  be 
dedd. 

XVIII. 

**  Sith  then,"  faid  Braggadochio,  **  needes  thou 
wilt 


Lord  Bacon's  L\fe  of  K.  Hen.  VII.  p.  93.   **  Tbreatning  to  bid 
battle  to  the  king."     And  in  F.  Q.  i.  xi.  15. 

"As  bidding  bold  defiance  to  his  foeman  neare." 
So,  in  Fairfax's  elegant  verfion  of  Taflb,  B.  vii.  S-t. 
"  myfelf  behold 

"  Am  come  prepar'd,  and  bid  thee  battle  here." 
If  I  thought   the   reader  would  doubt  of  this  corredion  here 
offered,  I  could  eafily  have  ftrengthened  it  by  many  more  in- 
ftances.     Upton. 


CANTO  VIII.       THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  523 

V 

Thj  dales  abridge,  through  proofe  of  puif- 

faunce ; 
Turne  we  our  fleeds  ;  that  both  in  equall  tilt 
May  meete   againe,  and  each  take    happy 

chaunce." 

This  faid,  they  both  a  furlongs  mountenaunce 

Retird  their  fteeds,  to  ronne  in  even  race : 

But  Braggadochio  with  his  bloody  launce 

Once  having  turnd,  no  more  returnd  his  face, 

But  lefte  his  Love  to  lolTe,  and  fled  himfelfe 

apace. 

XIX. 

The  Knight,  him  feeing  file,  had  no  regard 

Him  to  pourfew,  but  to  the  Lady  rode ; 

And,  having  her  from  Trompart  lightly  reard, 

Upon  his  courfer  fett  the  lovly  lode, 

And  with  her  fled  away  without  abode  : 


XVIII,  5.     •  a  furlo7igs  mountenaunce]     The 

amount  of  a  furlong's  diftance  from  each  other.     See  F.  Q.  iii. 
xi.  20.     So  Chaucer,  p.  340.  edit.  Urr. 

"  The  mountenancc  of  a  furlong  waie  of  fpace."    Church. 
And  Gower,  fol.  clxxxvii. 

"  Not  full  the  movntenance  of  a  mile."     Upton. 
XVIII.  6.     Retird  their  Jlceds,  &c.]     This  was  the  career  of 
knight-errantry,  and   agreeable   to  the  laws  of  fair  tilting,  as 
Mr.  Upton  has  obferved.     See  Ariofio,  C.  xxiii.  82. 

"  Gia  I'un  da  I'altro  t;  dipartito  lunge; 

"  Quanto  farebbe  un  mezzo  tratto  d'  arco." 
And  TafTo,  C.  vii.  83. 

"  E  largamente  a  duo  campioni,  il  campo 

"  Voto  riman  fra  i'  uno,  e  1'  altro  campo."     Todd. 

XVIII.  7. his  bloody  la uncci    See 

il.  12,  where  he  calls  it  "  his  bloody  fpear ;"  both  which  ex- 
preffions  are  to  be  underftood  ironically.    Church. 


524  THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  BOOK  III 

Well  weened  he,  that  faireft  Florimell 
It  was  with  whom  in  company  he  yode, 
And  fo  herfelfe  did  alwaies  to  him  tell ; 
So  made  him  thinke  himfelfe  in  heven  that  was 

in  hell. 

XX. 
But  Florimell  herfelfe  was  far  away. 

Driven  to  great  diilreUe  by  fortune  flraunge, 
And  taught  the  carefull  mariner  to  play, 
Sith  late   mifchaunce   had   her  compeld   to 

chaunge 
The  land  for  fea,  at  randon  there  to  raunge  : 
Yett  there  that  cruell  queene  avengerefle, 
Not  fatisfyde  fo  far  her  to  eftraunge 
From  courtly  blis  and  wonted  happinefTe, 
Did  heape  on  her  new  waves  of  weary  wretched- 
neffe. 

XXI. 
For,  being  fled  into  the  fifliers  bote 
For  refuge  from  the  monfters  cruelty. 
Long  fo  flie  on  the  mighty  maine  did  flote, 
And  with  the  tide  dro\  e  forward  carelefly ; 
For  th'  ayre  wasmilde  and  cleared  was  thefkic. 
And  all  his  windes  dan  Aeolus  did  keepe 

XX.  6. ■  t/iat  cruell  queene  avengercft,]     That 

is,  quean,  as  he  fpells  it  in  F.  Q.  iv.  viii,  28,  a  term  of  re- 
proach.    Church. 

'  This  cruel  queev  avengcrejfe  is  called  by  various  names  ; 
Nemefis,  Adraftea,  Rharnnufia,  Fortuna,  &c.  See  Ovid,  Triji. 
El.  viii.  "  Ulttix  llhanonufia."     Upton. 


CANTO  Vlir.       THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  525 

From  ftirring  up  their  ftormy  enmlly, 
As  pittying  to  lee  her  waile  and  weepe ; 
But  all  the  while  the  fiflier  did  lecurely  lleepe. 

XXII. 

At  laft  when  droncke  with  drowfinelTe  he  woke, 
And  faw  his  drover  drive  along  the  ftreame, 
He  was  difmayd;   and  thriie  his  breft  he 

ftroke, 
For  marveill  of  that  accident  extreame  : 
But    when    he    law    that    blazing    beauties 

beame, 
Which  with  rare  light  his  bote  did  beautifye, 
He  marveild  more,  and  thought  he  yet  did 

dreame 
Not  well  awakte ;  or  that  fome  extafye 
Affotted  had  his  fence,  or  dazed  was  his  eye. 

XXIII. 

But,  when  her  well  avizing  hee  perceiv'd 
To  be  no  vilion  nor  fantafticke  fight, 
Great  comfort  of  her  prefence  he  conceiv'd, 
And  felt  in  his  old  corage  new  delight 
,To  gin  awake,  and  Itir  his  frofen  fpright : 
Tho  rudely  afkte  her,  how  flie  thether  came  ? 
"  Ah!"   fayd  flie,   "  father,    I   note   read 
aright 


XXIII.  2. nor  fantafticke yJg-^/,]     Compare 

Pulci,  Blorg.  Magg.  C.  xxiv.  Sy. 

"  L'  uno  ^  r  altro,  a  vederle,  mi  pare 

"  Qualche  cor^ojantajHco  incautato."    Todd, 


o25  THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  BOOKIII. 

What  hard  misfortune  brought  me  to  this 
fame ; 

Yet  am  I  glad  that  here  I  now  in  fafety  ame. 

XXIV. 

**  But  thou,  good  man,  fith  far  in  fea  we  bee, 
And  the  great  waters  gin  apace  to  fwell, 
That  now  no  more  we  can  the  mayn-land  fee, 
Have  care,  I  pray,  to  guide  the  cock-bote  well, 
Leaft  worfe  on  fea  then  us  on  land  befell." 
Thereat  th'  old  man  did  nought  but  fondly 

grin, 
And  faide,  his  boat  the  way  could  wifely  tell: 
But  his  deceiptfull  eyes  did  never  lin 

To  looke  on  her  faire  face  and  marke  her  fnowy 

fkin. 

XXV. 

The  (ight  whereof  in  his  congealed  fleih 
Infixt  fuch  fecrete  fting  of  greedy  lufl:, 
That  the  drie  withered  ftocke  it  gan  refrefli, 
And  kindled  heat,  that  foone  in  flame  forth 

bruft: 
The  drieft  wood  is  fooneft  burnt  to  duft. 
Rudely  to  her  he  lept,  and  his  rough  hand, 
Where  ill  became  him,   raflily  would  have 
thruft ; 

XXIII,  8. ■ to  this  fame  ;]     So  the 

firft  edition  reads ;  to  which  Hughes's  fecond  edition,  thofe  of 
1751,  Upton,  Church,  and  Tonibn's  in  1758,  adhere.  The 
reft  read,  "  to  the  fame."  Mr.  Upton  propofes  to  read  *'  this 
SHAME,"  this  fhamefull  plight.     Todd. 

XXV.  1.  The Jight  whereof  kc]  Compare  this  old  Fiflier 
with  the  old  Hermit  in  ArioUo,  C.  \ui.  31.    Upton. 


CANTO  Vlir.        THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  52/ 

But  (lie  with  angry  fcorne  him  did  withftond. 

And  iliamefully  reproved  for  his  rudenes  fond. 

XXVI. 

But  he,  that  never  good  nor  maners  knew, 
Her  lliarpe  rebuke  full  litle  did  efteeme ; 
Hard  is  to  teach  an  old  horfe  amble  trew : 
The  inward  fmoke,  that  did  before  but  fleeme, 
Broke  into  open  fire  and  rage  extreme  ; 
And  now  he  ftrength  gan  adde  unto  his  will, 
Forcyng  to  doe  that  did  him  fowle  mifleeme : 
Beaftly  he  threwe  her  downe,  ne  car'd  to  fpill 

Her  garments  gay  with  fcales  of  filh,  that  all 

did  fill. 

XXVII. 

The  filly  Virgin  flrove  him  to  withftand 

All  that  fhe  might,  and  him  in  vaine  revild ; 
Shee  ftrugled  llrongly  both  with  foote  and 

hand 
To  fave  her  honor  from  that  villaine  vilde, 
And  cride  to  heven,  from  humane  help  exild. 
O  !  ye  brave  Knights,  that  boafl  this  Ladies 

love, 

XXV.  9. fond.]      Foolijh, 

indecent.     Church. 

XXVI.  7.  Forcyng  to  doe  &c.]  Ufing  force  and  violence 
to  do  that  which  mifbecame  him.     Church. 

XXVII.  1.  The  filly  Virgin']  Perhaps yee/y,  that  is,  harm- 
lefs,  innocent.     Church. 

Mr.  Upton  offers  the  fame  conjecture.  But,/2%  is  ufed  in 
the  fame  fenfe.     See  my  noiQon  fitly,  F.  Q.  i.  vi.  35.     Todd. 

XXVII.  6.  Of  ye  brave  Knights,  &c.]  This  apoftrophe  to 
the  knights  of  Fairy  land,  and  calling  on  them  by  name,  to 
4flift  the  diftrelTed  Florimel,  feems  imitated  from  Ariofto,  who 


528  THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  BOOK  III/ 

Vv  here  be  ye  now,  when  fhe  is  nigh  defild 
Of  filthy  wretch  !  well  may  Oie  you  reprove 
Of  falfehood  or  of  flouth,  M'hen  mofl  it  may  be- 
hove !  ..,,, 

XXVIII. 

But  if  that  thou,  Sir  Satyran,  didft  weete, 
Or  thou,  Sir  Peridure,  her  fory  Hate, 
How  foone  would  yee  afTemble  many  a  fleete, 
To  fetch  from  lea  that  ye  at  land  loft  late  ! 
Towres,  citties,  kingdomes,  ye  would  ruinate 
In  your  avengement  and  difpiteous  rage, 
Ne  ought  your  burning  fury  mote  abate : 
But,  if  Sir  Calidore  could  it  prefage, 

No  living  creature  could  his  cruelty  alfwage. 
■■•  ■■  •^"'-      XXIX.  ■  i    •-■"  ■'    ■ 

But,  fith  that' none 'of  all  her  Knignts  is  nye, 

■     See  how  the  heavens,  of  voluntary  grace 
And  foveraine  favor  towards  chaftity, 

twice  ufes  the  fame  kind  of  apoftrophe  ;  viz.  where  Angelica  is 
going  to  be  devoured  by  a  monlter,  C.  viii.  6"S,  and  where  Rug- 
giero  is  flung  into  prifon,  C.  xlv.  21. 

'Tis  very  ufual  for  Sperifer  by  way  of  furprife  or  firfpenfe,  to 
cite  names  of  heroes  and  kniglits,  which  he  intends  to  bring  you 
better  acquainted  with  hereafter.  Sir  Satyrane  we  know  ;  Sir 
Calidore,  the  knight  of  Coiirtefy,  we  (hall  better  know  here- 
after. But  who  is  <SVr  Pc/-?£?«/-c  f  certainly  not  the  Peridure 
mentioned  in  F.  Q.  ii.  x.  44;  for  he  was  a  Britilh  kkig;  com- 
pare Geoff,  of  Monmouth,  Lib.  ii.  C.  18;  but  the  Peridure 
mentioned  by  Geoff,  of  Monmouth,  Lib.  ix.  €.  12,  bne  of 
Prince  Arthur's  worthies,  atid  knight  of  the  round  table  :  and 
perhaps  intended  by  our  poet  to  perform  fome  notable  adven- 
ture in  Fairy  land.     UptQn.    "'Vi-x^jJui  t.-ivr.  i  .'-*v<\  Si; 

XX  VIII.  o.  Towres,  c/V//w;A'C.]  So  all  the  editions/ Spec- 
fer,  no  doubt,  gave  *'  TvumeSf  citties,  -kc."    Church. 


CANTO  VIII.        THE  FAERIK  QUEEXE.  529 

Doe  faccor  fend  to  lier  diftrelTed  cace : 
So  much  High  God  doth  innocence  embrace! 
It  fortuned,  whlleil  thus  flie  ftlflj  drove, 
And  the  wide  fea  importuned  long  fpace 
With  (In'illing  ihriekes,  Proteus  abrode  did 
rove, 
Along  the  fomy  waves  driving  his  finny  drove. 

XXX. 

Proteus  is  ftiepheard  of  the  feas  of  yore. 

And  hath  the  charge  of  Neptune's  mighty 

heard  ; 
An  aged  fn*e  with  head  all  frowy  hore, 
And  fprinckled  froft  upon  his  deawy  beard : 
AVho  when  thofe  pittifuU  outcries  he  heard 
Through  all  the  feas  fo  ruefully  refownd, 
His  charett  fwifte  in  haft  he  thether  fteard, 
Which  with  a  teeme  of  fcaly  Phocas  bownd 

Was  drawne  upon  the  waves,  that  fomed  him 
arownd ; 

XXIX.  5.     So   much  High   God   doth   innocence   embrace  /] 
Shakfpeare  makes  the  fame  refledion,  Rich.  III.  A.  i.  S.  iii. 

"  So  jull  is  God,  to  right  the  innocent!"     Todd. 

XXX.  1.     Proteus  is Jkepheard  kc]     Virgil,  Georg-.  iv.  39-*. 
"  Quippe  ita  Neptune  vifum  eft  ;  immania  cujus 

**  Armenta,  et  turpes  pafcit  fub  gurgite  phocas." 

JORTIK. 

XXX.  3. all  frowy  hore,]     All  moj}/  hoar; 

for  fo  E.  K.  interprets//owjV,  Shep.  Cal.  Juli/,  ver.  111.  Where 
fee  the  notes.  The  folios  and  Hughes's  firll  edition  have  here 
converted  the  poet's  word  into yrory,     ToDD. 

XXX.  8.    ' with  a  teeme  of  fcaly  Phocas]     Proteus 

vras  drd.wnhy  Phocce  01  Seals.     Church. 

VOL.  IV.  M  m 


^30  THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  BOOK  111. 

XXXI. 

And  comming  to  that  fiftiers  wandring  bote. 
That  went  at  will  vvithouten  card  or  fayle, 
He  therein  faw  that  jrkelbme  fight,  which 

fraote 
Deepe  indignation  and  compaffion  frayle 
Into  his  hart  attonce  :  ftreight  did  he  hayle 
The  greedy  villein  from  his  hoped  pray, 
Of  which  he  now  did  very  little  fayle ; 
And  with  his  ftaffe,  that  drives   his  heard 

aftray. 
Him  bett  fo  fore,  that  life  and  fence  did  much 

difmay. 

XXXII. 
The  whiles  the  pitteoas  lady  up  did  ryfe, 
Iluffled  and  fowly  raid  with  filthy  foyle, 
And  blubbred  face  with  teares  of  her  faire 

eyes  ; 
Her  heart  nigh  broken  was  with  weary  toyle. 
To  fdve  herfelfe  from  that  outrageous  fpoyle  : 
But  when  fhe  looked  up,  to  weet  what  ,wight 

. .  XXXII.  3.  .And  blubbred  face  &c.]  In  modern  times 
this  exprefli on  feems  rather  ludicrous.  But  it  was  the  ufual 
language,  in  which  the  fair  weepers  were  defcribed,  when  Spen- 
fer  wrote.  Thus,  in  B.  Young's  tranllation  of  Boccace's 
Amorous  Fiametta,  4to.  1587.  bl.  1.  fol.  83.  b.  "  With  trembling 
handes  jliee  wyped  my  face  all  blulihered  with  teares,  with 
fpeakiug  thefe  words ;  Yong .  Lady,  and  my  deereft  MiftreflTe, 
&c."  Again,  in  the  The  Lamentation  of  Troy  for  the  death  of 
Hedor,  4to.  .15.94-.  Sign.  A.  4.  The  vveeping  Mufes  are  de. 
fcribed  witli  "  6/tf6kr€^  cheeks."    Todd. 


CAXTO  VIII.       THE  FAERIE   QUEENE.  ^3"1 

Had  her  from  fo  infamous  fa6l  aflbyld, 

For  fliame,   but  more  for  feare  of'  his  grim 

fight, 

Downe  in  her  lap  ftie  hid  her  face,  and  lowdly 

fhright, 

XXXIII.     ' 

Herfelfe  not  faved  yet  from  daunger  dredd•^'5#^^^ 

She  thought,  but  chaung'd  from  one  to  other 

feare  : 

Like  as  a  fearefull  partridge,  that  is  fledd 

From  the  fliarpehauke  which  her  attached 

neare. 

And    fals   to    ground   to    feeke    for  fuccor 

theare. 

Whereas  the  hungry  fpaniells  (he  does  fpye 

With  greedy  iawes  her  ready  for  to  teare : 

In  fuch  diftreffe  and  fad  perplexity 

Was  Florimell,  when  Proteus  flie  did  fee  her  by. 

XXXIV. 

But  he  endevored  with  fpeaches  milde 

Her  to  recorftfort,  and  accouragie  bold/ 

Bidding  her  feare  no  more  her  foeman  vilde, 

XXXII.  7.  Had  her  fromfo  inf&mousfafl  aflbyld,]  So  all 
the  editions.  The  rhyme  requires  ajj'oyk,  and  I  fhould  fuppofe 
Spenfer  gave, 

"  Did  her  from  fo  infamous  fad  affoyle."     Church. 

XXXIII.  9. her  by.]     So  the  firfl 

edition  .perfpicuoufly  reads,  which  Mr.  Church  alone  follows. 
The  fecond  reads,  thereby;  to  which  the  folios,  Hughes's  firft 
edition,  the  edition  of  1751,  Upton's,  and  Tonlbn's  in  1758, 
conform.     Hughes's  fecond  edition  reads,  Aerf6y.     Todd. 

M  m  2 


532  THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  BOOK  III. 

Nor  doubt  hlmfelfe;  and  who  be  was  bei* 

told : 
Yet  all  tbat  could  not  from  afFrigbt  her  hold, 
Ne  to  recomfort  her  at  all  prevayld  ; 
For  her  faint  hart  was  with  the  frofen  cold 
Benumbd  fo  inly  that  her  wits  nigh  fayld, 
And  all  her  fences  with  abafliment  quite  were 
quay  Id. 

XXXV. 
Her  up  betwixt  his  rugged  hands  he  reard, 
And  with  his  frory  lips  full  foftly  kift, 
Whiles  the  cold  yfickles  from  his  rough  beard 
Dropped  adowne  upon  her  yvory  breft : 
-     Yet  he  himfelfe  fo  bulily  addreft. 

That  her  out  of  aftoniihment  he  wrought ; 
And,  out  of  that  fame  fiihers  filthy  neft 
Removing  her,  into  his  charet  brought, 
And  there  with  many  gentle  termes  her  faire 
befought. 

XXXVI. 

But  that  old  leachour,  which  with  bold  aflault 
That  beautie  durft  prefume  to  violate. 
He  caft  to  puiiiih  for  liis  hainous  fault : 
Then  tooke  he  him  yet  trembling  iith  of  late 
And  tyde  behind  his  charet,  to  aggrate 
Tlie  Virgin  whom  he  had  abufde  fo  fore ; 
So  drag'd  him  through  the  waves  in  fcornfull 


CANTO  VIII.       THE  FAERIE  QUE-ENE.  55 


cy 


And  after  caft  him  up  upon  the  Ihore ; 
But  Florimell  with  him  unto  his  bowre  he  bore. 

XXXVII. 
His  bowre  is  in  the  bottom  of  the  maine, 
Under  a  mightie  rocke  gainft  which  doe  rave 
The  roring  billowes  in  their  proud  difdaine. 
That  with  the  angry  working  of  the  wave 
Therein  is  eaten  out  an  hollow  cave, 
That  feemes  rough  mafons  hand  with  engines 

keene 
Had  long  while  laboured  it  to  engrave : 
There  was  his  w onne ;  ne  living  wight  was 
feene 
Save  one  old  nymph,  hight  Panop^,  to  keepe 
it  cleane. 

XXXVII.  1.  His  bowre  "is  in  the  bottom  of  the  maine^  &c.] 
The  bowers,  fecret  chambers,  or  habitations  of  the  fea-gods, 
are  in  the  bottom  of  the  Teas ;  and  of  river-gods,  in  the  bottom 
of .  risers.  See  Homer,  H.  <r'.  36',  Virg.  Georg.'w.  321.  But 
we  have  a  defcription  of  Proteus's  cave  in  Virgil,  Georg.  iv. 
418,  notm  the  bottom  of' the  maine,  but  on  the  fea-coaft,  under 
M  rock  ; 

*'  That  with  an  aj)gry  working  of  the  wave, 
"  Therein  is  eaten  out  a  hollow  cave — '' 
"  Eft  fpecus  ingeus,  exeji  latere  in  montis — " 
Panope  (whom  Spenfer  here  mentions  as  a  fervant  of  Proteus 
to  keep  his  caye  clean)  is  a  Nereid  in  Virgil  and  llefiod  :  the 
poet  chofe  this  name  (perhaps)  for  the  fake  of  its  etymology 
"(viz.  nray  &  wiw)  which  though  it  might  in  llefiod  have  an  allu- 
fion  to  the  tranfparency  of  the   water,^  yet  in  Spenfer  it  may 
allude  to  her  carefully  looking  into  every  thing,  and  taking  care 
of  every  thing  :>-£ar  our  poet  has  a  mythology  of  his  own. 

XXX  71 1.  9.  ■  -■  higlit  PtfH6/>e,]  So  the  fecond  and 
all  the  later  editions.     The  firlt  reads  "  high  Panop^." 

Church. 

:m  m  3 


534^.  THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  BOOK  Iir., 

XXXVIII. 

Thether  he  brought  the  Ibrv  Florimell, 
And  entertained  her  the  beft  he  might, 
(And  Panope  her  entertaind  eke  well,) 
As  an  immortall  mote  a  mortall  wight, . 
To  winne  her  liking  unto  his  delight : 
With  flattering  wordes  he  fweetly  wooed  her, 

.    And  offered  taire  guiftes  t*  allure  her  light ; 
.  But  Ihe  both  offers  and  the  offerer 

Deipylcle,  and  all  the  fawning  of  the  flatterer. 

XXXIX. 

Dayly  he  tempted  her  with  this  or  that, 
And  never  fuftred  her  to  be  at  reft : 
But  evermore  (he  him  refufed  flat. 
And  all  his  fained  kindnes  did  deteft ; 
So  firmely  (he  had  fealed  up  her  breft. 
Sometimes  he  boafted  that  a  god  he  hight ; 
But  flie  a  mortall  creature  loved  beft : 
Then  he  would  make  himfelfe  a  mortall  wight; 

But  then  flie  faid  flie  lov'd  none  but  a  Faery 

Knight. 

XL. 

Then  like  a  Faerie  Knight  himfelfe  he  dreft; 
For  every  fliape  on  him  he  could  endew : 
Then  like  a  king  he  was  to  her  expreft, 

XXXIX.  8.  Then  he  -would  make  himfelfe  &c.]  The  ufe, 
which  the  poet  here  makes  of  Proteus's  power  of  changing  his 
Ihape,  is  artful  enough;  having  a  novelty  founded  on  pro- 
priety.    T.  Warton. 

XL.  2.     — :- • endew  :]     Tut  on.     See. 

F.  Q.  ill.  vi,  35.    Church. 


CANTO  VIII.       THE  FAERIE  QUF.ENE.  53S 

And  ofFred  kingdoms  unto  her  in  vew 
To  be  his  Leman  and  his  Lady  trew : 
But,  when  all  this  he  nothing  favv  prevaile,  ^ 
With  harder  meanes  he  call  her  to  fubdew, 
And   with    fharpe   threates    her    often    did 

affayle ; 
So  thinking  for  to  make  her  ftubborne  corage 

quayle. 

XLI. 

To  dreadful!  fliapes  he  did  himfelfe  transforme : 
Now  like  a  gyaunt ;  now  like  to  a  feend  ; 
Then  like  a  centaure  ;  then  like  to  a  ftorme 
Raging  within  the  waves:  Thereby  he  weend 
Her  will  to  win  unto  his  wiihed  eend  : 
But  when  with  feare,  nor  favour,  nor  with  all 
He  els  could  doe,  he  faw  himfelfe  efleemd, 
Downe  in  a  dongeon  deepe  he  let  her  fall, 

And  threatned  there  to  make  her  his  eternail 

thrall. 

XLII. 

Eternail  thraldome  was  to  her  more  liefe 

Then  lofTe  of  chaftitie,  or  chaunge  of  love : 

Dye  had  (he  rather  in  tormenting  griefe 

XLII.  1.     Eternail  thraldome  teas  to  her  more  Uefe 

Then  loJJ'e  of  chajiitie,]  We  fee  now  Florimel  in 
prifon,  and  tempted  by  her  keeper.  'Tis  i'aid  that  the  Queen 
of  Scots,  when  flung  into  prifon,  and  committed  to  the  care  of 
the  earl  of  Shrewibury,  was  hardly  dealt  with  by  him,  becaufe 
file  hearkened  not  to  his  folicitations.  If  Florimell  is  a  type 
of  that  perfecuted  queen,  the  application  of  many  circumftances 
in  her  ftory  is  very  obvious.     Upton. 

M  m  4 


536  THE  FAERIt  QUEENE.         BOOK  III. 

Then  any  fhould  of  falfeneire  her  reprove, 
Or  loofenes,  that  (he  hghtly  did  remove. 
Moft  vertuous  Virgin  !  glory  be  thy  meed, 
And  crowne  of  heavenly  prayfe  with  faintes 

above, 
AVhere  moil  fwcet  hymmes  of  this  thy  famous 
deed 
Are  ftill  cmongfl  them  fong,  that  far  my  rymes 

exceed : 

xLiri. 

Fit  fong  of  angels  caroled  to  bee  ! 

But  yet  whatfo  my  feeble  Mufe  can  frame, 
vShal  be  t'  advance  thy  goodly  chaftitee, 

.    And  to  enroll  thy  memorable  name 
In  th'  heart  of  every  honourable  Dame, 
That  they  thy  vertuous  deedes  may  imitate, 

XLII.  6.  Mnjl  lertuoua  Virgin  !  glory  he  thy  meed,  &c.] 
The  poet  turns  from  his  lubject,  and  apoftrophijes  the  Lady. 
Thus  Virgil  breaks  oft",  in  rapture  of  the  friendfliip  of  Nifus  and 
Euryalus ; 

» ■  "  Si  quid  mea  cannina  pofi'unt, 

"  Nulla  dies  unquam  niemori  vos  eximet  ajvo." 
So  likewife  Ariolto,  in   no   kfs  admiration  of  the  chaftity  and 
martyrdom  of  Ifabella,  breaks  out  into  3  rnoft  elegant  apoftro' 
plie,  C.  xxix,  v;6,  '27 . 

The  poet  intends,  by  leaving  Florimel  in  this  woful  ftate,  to 
keep  tl)e  reader's  miiid  in  pity  and  fulpenfe :  'tis  no  unufual 
thing  for  him  thus  to  break  off  the  thread  of  his  ftory  :  and  in 
this  he  imitates  the  romance-writers,  particularly  BoyaFtlo  and 
Ariofto,  who  leave  you  often  in  the  midft  of  a  tale,  when  lead 
you  fufpccl  them,  and  return  to  their  tale  again  in  as  abrupt  a 
manner.  Spenfer  returns  to  Sir  Satyrane,  whom  he  left,  F.  Q, 
iii,  vii.  6\,  And  he  reaflTumes  the  ftory  of  llorimel,  F.  Q,  iv, 
xi,  1.     Upton, 


CANTO  VIII.      THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  537 

And  be  partakers  of  thy  endlefle  fame. 
Yt  yrkes  me  leave  thee  in  this  vvofnll  ftate, 
To  tell  of  Satyrane  where  I  him  left  of  late  : 

XLIV. 
Who  having  ended  with  that  Sqiiyre  of  Dames 
A  long  difcourfe  of  his  adventures  vayne, 
The  which   himfelfe   then   Ladies  more  de- 
fames, 
And  finding  not  th'  hyena  to  be  ilayne, 
AVith   that  fame  Squyre    retourned   backe 

againe 
To  his  firft  way:  And,  as  they  forward  went, 
They  fpyde  a  Knight  fayre  pricking  on  the 

playne, 
As  if  he  were  on  fome  adventure  bent, 
And  in  his  port  appeared  manly  hardiment. 

XLV. 
Sir  Satyrane  him  towardes  did  addreiTe, 

To  weet  what  wight  he  was,  and  what  his 

queft :  .  - ^ 

And,  comming  nigh,  eftfoones  he  gan  to  geiTe 
Both  by  the  l)urning  hart  which  on  his  breft 


XLIII.  8.;    It  yrkes  »«e]     It  rexes  me  to  leave  thee  thus  &c. 
So,  iu  Shakfpeare's  K.  Uai.  VI. 

"  It  irks  his  heart  he  cannot  be  reveng'd."  i 

And,  as  Mr.  Steevens  has  obferved,  in  Sir  P.  H'ldneyh  Aft rophct 
and  Stella  :  ■ ,    ^;    :.    .... 

"  And  is  even  irkt  that  fo  fweete  comedie 
"  By  fuch  uafuted  fpeech  ihould  bindred  be."      To  dp. 
XLV.  4.     Both  bi/.tht  bunting  hart  &:c.]     This  fymbol  vt;ry 


538  THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.    BOOK  Hi. 

He  bare,  and  by  the  colours  in  his  creft, 
That  Paridell  it  was :  Tho  to  him  yode,  < 
And,  him  fainting  as  befeemed  beft, 
Gan  firft  inquire  of  tydinges  farre  abrode  ; 
And  afterwardes  on  what  adventure  now  he  rode.  • 

XLVI. 
Who  thereto  anfwering  faid ;   *'  The  tydinges 
bad. 
Which  now  in  Faery  Court  all  men  doe  tell. 
Which  turned  hath  great  mirth  to  mourning 

fad, 
Is  the  late  ruine  of  proud  Marinell, 
And  fuddein  parture  of  faire  Florimell 
To  find  him  forth :  and  after  her  are  gone 
All  the  brave  Knightes,  that  doen  in  armes 

excell. 
To  favegard  her  ywandred  all  alone ; 
Emongft  the  reft  my  lott  (unworthy')  is  to  be 


one. 


XLVII. 
**  Ah  !  gentle  Knight,"  faid  then  Sir  Satyrane, 
"Thy  labour  all  is  loft,  I  greatly  dread,  . 
That  haft  a  thankleffe  fervice  on  thee  ta'ne. 
And  offreft  facrifice  unto  the  dead: 


ftrtkingly  denotes  the  charai^er  of  Paridell ;  for  the  poet  had 
thus  defcribed  Lechery,   F.  Q.  i.  iv.  25. 

"  And  in  his  hand  a  burning  hart  he  bare, 
"  Full  of  vaine  follies  and  new-fanglenelTe ; 
'  "  For  he  was  falfe,  &c."    Todd. 


CANTO  VIII.       THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  539- 

For  dead,  I  furely  doubt,  thoumaift  aread  • 
Henceforth  for  ever  Florimell  to  bee ; 
That  all  the  noble  Knights  of  Maydenhead, 
Which  her  ador'd,  may  fore  repent  with  mee, 
And  all  faire  Ladies  may  for  ever  fory  bee/' 

XLViir. 
Which  wordes  when  Paridell  had  heard,  his  hew 
Gan  greatly  chaung,  and  feemd  difmaid  to 

bee; 
Then  fayd;  "Fay  re  Sir,  how  may  I  weene 

it  trew, 
That  ye  doe  tell  in  fuch  uncerteintee  ? 
Or  fpeake  ye  of  report,  or  did  ye  fee 
luft  caufe  of  dread,  that  makes  ye  doubt  fo 

fore? 
For  perdie  elles  how  mote  it  ever  bee. 
That  ever  hand  fliould  dare  for  to  engore 
Her  noble    blood !    The   hevens  fuch  crueltie 

abhore." 

XLIX. 
"  Thefe  eyes  did  fee  that  they  will  ever  rew 
T'  have  feene,''  quoth  he,  "  w  henas  a  mon- 
ftrous  bead 

XLVir.  5.     /  furely  doubt,]     That  is,  my  fears 

afure  me  that  thou  mayft  pronounce  Florimel  to  be  certainly 
dead.     Ciiuiicir. 
Paridell  replies, 

"  Or  I'peake  ye  of  report,  or  did  ye  fee 
"  Jiill  caufe  of  dread,  that  makes  ye  doubt  fo  sore  ?"    . 
Again,   ft.   50.  "  That  Ladies    fafetie   is  fore  to    be   dradd." 
Muft  we  not  read  therefore,  "  Ijorely  doubt  ?"     Upton. 


538  THE  FAERli:  QUEENE.    BOOK  III. 

The  palfrey  wlaereoxi  ibe  did  travell  flew, 
And  of  his  bowels  made  his  bloody  feaft : 
.  iWhich  fpcaking  token  flieweth  at  the  lead 
Her  certein  loile,  if  not  her  fure  decay : 
Befides,  that  more  fiifpicion  enereaft, 
I  found  her  golden  girdle  caft  aftray, 
Diitaynd  with  durt  and  blood,  as  relique  of  the 
pray/' 

L. 
*;*  Ah  me  !"  faid  Paridell,  "  the  fignes  be  fadd  ; 
And,    but  God    turne    the    fame  to    good 

foothfay, 
That  Ladies  fafetie  is  fore  to  be  dradd : 
.    Yet  will  I  not  forfake  my  forward  way. 
Till  triall  doe  more  certeine  truth  bewray/' 
"  Faire  Sir,'*  quoth  he,   "  well  may  it  you 

fucceed  ! 
Ne  long  (hall  Satyrane  behind  you  ftay  ; 
But  to  the  reft,  which  in  this  queft  proceed. 
My  labour  adde,  and  be  partaker  of  their  fpeed/* 

LI. 
**  Ye  noble  Knights,"  faid  then  the  Squyre  of 

Dames,  i;^  n:rp^n.tiK:     r 

XLIX.  4. \v,%  bloody  fcnjl  •]     So  Spenfer's 

own  editions  rsad ;  whicli  thole  of  1751,   of  Upton,  Church, 
and  Tonfon  in  17-58,  follow,  _The  rell  read  "  «  bloody  fcalt." 

%i  L^i.,;^&-/  .w  .-;       -      Todd. 
L.  2.    And,  but]     And,  except,  iinl^s.     So  Chaucer,  p.  289. 
edit.  Urr. 

*'  But  God  and  Pundare  yvift  none  what  it  ment." 

:  Qiiuucu. 


CANTO  Vfll.      THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.  54t 

**  Well  may  yee  fpeede  in  fo  praife worthy 

payne  ! 
But  lith  the  lunne  now  ginnes  to  flake  his 

beames 
In  deawy  vapours  of  the wefterne  mayne, 
And  lole  the  teme  out  of  his  weary  wayne, 
Aiote  not  miilike  you  alfo  to  abate 
Your  zealous  haft,  till  morrow  next  againe 
Both  light  of  heven  and  llrength  of  men 

relate : 
Which  if  ye  pleafe,  to  yonder  Caftle  turne 

your  gate." 

That  counfell  pleafed  well ;  fo  all  y fere 
Forth  marched  to  a  Caftle  them  before  ; 
Where  foone  arriving  they  reftrained  were 
Of  ready  entraunce,  which  ought  evermore 
To  errant  Knights  be  commune  :  Wondrous 
fore 

LL  8.     Both  light  of  htven   and  Jirength  of  men  relate.] 
Virgil,  JEn.  xi.  182. 

**  Aurora  interea  miferis  mortalibus  almam  ^^    .    ^^r  ,. 

**  Extulerit  lucem  referens  opera  atque  labores.* 
This  verfe  Spenler  had  in  view ;  referens,  bringing  back  again  : 
and,  becaufe  referre  lignifies  both  to  bring  hack  and  to  relate, 
he  takes  the  liberty,  which  jingling  rhyme  muft  fometimes  ex- 
cufe,  of  uling  relate  for  to  bring  back  again.     Upton. 

LII,  4.     ■ which  ought  evermore  "''' 

To  errant  Knights  be  cofnmune :]  The  poet  fays 
that  all  palaces  and  caftles  ftiould  be  open  to  entertain  Knighta 
arrant.  This  is  agreeable  to  the  decorum  obferved  in  romaiKie- 
writers;  and  the  ingenious  author  oi  Don  Quixote  has  perpetual 
allufions  to  this  ackoowledged  privilege  claimed  by  thefe 
Knights.     Upxon. 


542  THE  FAERIE  QUEENE.     BOOK  III. 

Thereat  diipleaitl  they  were,  till  that  vouno' 

oquyre 
Gan  them  informe  the  caufe  why  that  fame 

do  re 
Was  fhut  to  all  which  lodging  did  defyre : 
The  which  to  let  you  weet  will  further  time  re- 

quyre;  '■■'  -  ■■■■  ' 


EXD    or    THE. FOURTH    VOLUME. 


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