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OSMANIA UOTVERSltY LIBRARY

CaU No. <*VJ IV *< V AccessionNo. <^O& tf 7

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THE YAJUR VEDA

Translated by

DEVI CHAND, M.A.

Ex. Principal, D. A. V. College* Hoshiarpur,

Ex. President, D. A, V. College Managing Committee, Hoshiarpur,

Ex. President, Dayanand Dalit Uddhar Mandal, Hoshiarpur,

Ex* President, Arya Smaj, Hoshiarpur,

Ex. President, Arya Pradeshik Pratinidhi Sabha, Jullundur,

Ex. President, All India Dayanand Salvation Mission, Hoshiarpur.

1959

Published by J
DEVI CHAND, M.A.

Secretary,

All India Dayanand Salvation Mission,
Hoshiarpur.

Printed by :
Shri DEVA DATTA Shaitri. V.V,, V.B.

at the V. V. R. I. PRESS,

Sadhu Ashram,

Hoshiarpur*

INTRODUCTION
Genesis of the Vedas.

Vcdas are che Word of God, revealed in the beginning of creation
for the moral, spiritual and physical guidance and uplift of humanity.
They are replete with eternal truths and throw a flood of light on the
various aspects of life to make a man perfect and ideal. God out of His
infinite source of knowledge reveals in the beginning of creation a
part of it adequate for the requirements of the soul, its spiritual satis-
faction, fulfilment of its thirst for truth and making its journey of life
successful.

God is infinite, the soul is finite. The finite soul cannot contain the
infinite knowledge of God, God creates, sustains and dissolves the world.
Whenever the world is created God reveals the Vedas. This processes
going on since eternity and will go on for ever.

Rig Veda Mandal 10, Sukta 90, Mantra 9 ; Yajurveda chapter 31,
verse 7 ; Atharva Veda Kand 10, Sutta 7, Mantra 20 speak of the revela-
tion of the four Vedas Rig, Yajur, Sama and Atharva.

Swami Dayananda,whose commentary I have mainly followed in my
translation, has discussed the subject more thoroughly in his Introduction
to the translation of the Vedas.

Maharshi Patanjali writes in the Mahabhashya, that there are 101
Shakhas (schools of thought) of the Yajurveda. All of these commentaries
are not available at present except the Kanva, Madhyandini, Taitriya,
Maitrayani, Kathak, and Kapishthal. On this point Maharshi Dayananda
agrees with Patanjali.

/There are 20380 verses in all the four Vedas, as given below :

( Rig Veda 10522

Yajur Veda 2006

Sam Veda 1875

Atharva Veda 5977 )

There was a time when the learned Pundits memorised one or more
Vedas, could recite or reproduce them from memory, but alas this system
is no longer in vogue due to lack of public and state patronage.

The names of the Rishis attached to the Mantras are the names *6f
those research scholars and seers, who expounded the meanings of the

2 YAJUR VEDA

verses and commented upon them. They are not the authors or writers
of those verses as the western scholars say. Devata is the subject matter
of a verse, the topic discussed in it. All good men and beneficent forces
of nature like air, fire, water, electricity, months, sun, moon, breaths,
lightning, father, mother, teacher, preacher, and soul, which are bene-
ficial to humanity are called devatas. They are not all living, personified
beings as some erroneously believe them to be.

( For correct interpretation of the Vedas, the words should be taken
in their derivative, analytical sense, i.e., root-meanings should be given
to the Vedic words, and not the traditional, customary, conventional, and
generally accepted ones. ^ The word gft<? in the conventional sense is
faeces, whereas in the Veda it signifies water. The Brahmanas and
Upanishadas do not form a part of the Veda. They are compositions of
man of a much later date. The Veda contains only the ^ftctt (the real
text of the Vedas) as revealed by God in the beginning of Creation on
Agni, Vayu, Aditya and Angiras, the four Rishis most competent to
receive God's Revelation.

' The teachings of the Vedas are universal^ Yajurveda 26-2 clearly
enjoins all learned persons to preach the Vedic truths to all, the
Brahmanas, the Kshatriyas, the Vaishyas, the Shudras, the Chandalas, the
degraded and the forlorn. Dwijas, the twice-born alone are not entitled
to study the Vedas. The shudras and even women are equally entitled to
read the Vedas. Persons like Kavish Aylush (the seer of R. V. X, 30) a
Shudra by birth, vide Aitareya Brahmana 11-19 and women like Lopa
Mudra were the seers of the meanings of Vedic texts and their names
are from times immemorial attached to the Vedic verses. God is not
expected to be partial to one portion of mankind, and antagonistic to the
other by depriving them of their birth-right to study the Veda. In the
eyes of God all men, high or low, are equally entitled to God's gifts and
bounties, say air, water, sunshine and His Knowledge. In the Vedic
church none is religiously great or small. All are brothers who should
co-operate to conduce to the prosperity and amelioration of mankind.

\AccordingtoSwami Bhoomananda Saraswati, the Vedic seer is a
poet and prophet but his poetry is not imaginary and his prophecy is not
a mystery unless by that term we mean something beyond our compre-
hension and not something entirely opposed to the order of Nature?
A seer of 'second sight 1 in the spiritist parlance is not a Vedic
seer or Rishi. A person who voices out a number of incoherent state-
ments void of any clear, rational significance like the "Revelation" of
fohn in the New Testament is also no Rishi. fA Vedic seer is the

INTRODUCTION 3

inspired recipient or medium of Divine Revelation a person who, by bis

righteous, pure and holy life is able to grasp higher and Divine things

which are far above the Ken of the generality of mankind. Sir Oliver
Lodge calls such seers as 'peaks of humanity.' )

Aravinda Ghosha on Swami Dayananda and
his Vedic interpretation.

Among the great company of remarkable figures that will appear
to the eye of posterity at the head of the Indian Ranaissance, one stands
out by himself with peculiar and solitary distinctness, one unique in his
type as he is unique in his work- Such is the impression created on my
mind by Dayananda.

It was Kathiawar that gave birth to this puissant renovator and
new-creator. And something of the very soul and temperament of that
particular land entered into his spirit, something of that humanity which
seems to be made of the virgin and unspoilt stuff of Nature, fair and
robust in body, instinct with a fresh and primal vigour, crude but in
a developed nature capable of becoming a great force of genial creation.

When I seek to give an account to myself of my sentiment and put
into precise form the impression, I have received, I find myself starting
from two great characteristics of this man's life and work which mark
him off from his contemporaries and compeers. Other great Indians
have helped to make India of today by a sort of self-pouring into the
psychological material of the race, a spiritual infusion of themselves into
the fluent and indeterminate mass which will one day settle into consis-
tency and appear as a great formal birth of Nature. One remembers
them as great souls and great influences who live on in the soul of India.
They are in us and we would not be what we are without them. But of
no precise form can we say that this was what the man meant, still less
that this form was the very body of that spirit.

The example of Mahadeva Govinda Ranade presents itself to my
mind as the very type of this peculiar action so necessary to a period
of large and complex formation. Vivekananda was a soul of puissance
if ever there was one, a very lion among men, but the definite work he
has left behind is quite incommensurate with our impression of his
creative might and energy. So it is with all. Not only are the men
greater than their definite works, but their influence is so wide and
formless that it has little relation of any formal work that they have left

behind them.

Very different was the manner of working of Dayananda. Here

4 YAJUR VEDA

was one who did not infuse himself informally into the indeterminate
soul of things, but stamped his figure indelibly as in bronze on men and
things. Here was one whose formal works are the very children of his
spiritual body, children fair and robust and full of vitality, the image of
their creator. Here was one who knew definitely and clearly the work
he was sent to do, chose his materials, determined his condition with a
sovereign clairvoyance of the spirit, and executed his conception with
the puissant mastery of the born worker. As I regard the figure of this
formidable artisan in God's workshop, images crowd on me which are all
of battle and work and conquest and triumphant labour. Here, I say to
myself, was a very soldier of Light, a warrior in God's world, a sculptor
of men and institutions, a bold and rugged victor of the difficulties
which matter presents to spirit. And the whole sums itself up to me in
a powerful impression of spiritual practicality. The combination of
these two words, usually so divorced from each other in our conceptions,
seems to me the very definition of Dayananda.

He brings back an old Aryan element into the national character.
Dayananda seized on all that entered into him, held it in himself, master-
fully shaped into the form that he saw to be right and threw it out again
into the forms he saw to be right. That which strikes us in him as militant
and aggressive, was apart of his strength of self-definition.

He was not only plastic to the great hand of Nature, but asserted
his own right and power to use Life and Nature as plastic material. We
can imagine his soul crying still to us with our insufficient spring of
manhood and action. "Be a thinker but be also a doer ; be a soul, but
be also a man ; be servant of God, but be also a master of Nature."

In Dayananda's life we see always the puissant jet of this spiritual
practicality. A spontaneous power and decisiveness is stamped every-
where on his work. And to begin with, what a master-glance of practical
intuition was this to go back trenchantly to the very root of Indian life
and culture, to derive from the flower of its birth the seed for a radical
new birth. And what an act of grandiose intellectual courage to lay hold
upon this scripture defaced by ignorant comment and oblivion of its spirit,
degraded by misunderstanding to the level of an ancient document of bar-
barism and to perceive in it its real worth as a scripture which conceals in
itself the deep and energetic spirit of the forefathers who made this
country and nation, a scripture of divine Knowledge, divine worship and
divine action. I know not whether Dayananda's powerful and original
commentary will be widely accepted as the definite* word on the Veda.
TJie essential is that he seized justly on the Veda as India's Rock of Ages
and had the daring conception to build on what his penetrating glance

INTRODUCTION 5

perceived in it a whole education of youth, a whole manhood, a whole
nationhood. Ramamohan Roy stopped short at the Upanishadas. Dayananda
looked beyond and perceived that our true original seed was the Veda.

And in the work as in the man we find that faculty of spontaneous
definite labour and vigorous formation which proceeds, from an inner
principle of perfect clearness, truth and sincerity. To be clear in one's
own mind, entirely true and plain with one's self and with others,
wholly honest with the conditions and materials of one's labour, is a rare
gift in our crooked, complex and faltering humanity. It is the spirit of
the Aryan worker and a sure secret of vigorous success. It is good that
the spirt of the Master should leave its trace in his followers, ^that some-
where in India there should be a body of whom it can be said that when
a work is seen to be necessary and right, the men will be forthcoming,
the means forthcoming, and that work will surely be done.

(Truth^seems a simple thing and is yet most difficult. Truth was
the master-word of the Vedic teaching, truth in the soul, truth in
vision, truth in the intention, truth in the act.j Practical truth,
Aryatva, an inner candour and a strong sincerity, clearness_atyl open
honour iii th_e word and deed, was the temperament of the old Aryan
morals. This was the stamp that Dayananda left behind him and
it should be the mark and effigy of himself by which the parentage of
his work can be recognised. May his spirit act in India pure, unspoilt,
unmodified and help to give us back that of which our life stands
specially in need, pure energy, high clearness, the penetrating eye, the
masterful hand, the noble and dominant sincerity.

f Dayananda accepted the Veda as the rock of firro^Jjoundation^ he
took it for his guiding view of life, his rule of inner existenceanJTiis
inspiration for external work, but he regarded it as even more, the
word of eternal Truth on which man's knowledge of God and his
relations with the Divine Being and with his fellows can be rightly and
securely founded,

f But among all the materials of our past the Veda is the most
venerable and has been directly and indirectly the most potent. Even
when its sense was no longer understood, even when its traditions were
lost behind Pauranic forms, it was still held in honour, though without
knowledge, as authoritative revelation, and inspired Book of Knowledge,
the source of all sanctions and standard of all truth.)

/ While Western scholarship extending the hints of Sayana seemed
to have classed the Veda for ever as a ritual liturgy to Nature Gods, the
genius of the race looking through the eyes of Dayananda pierced behind

6 YAJUR VEDA

the error of many centuries and again the intuition of a timeless revelation
and a divine truth given to humanity. In any case we have to make one
choice or another. Either the Veda is what Sayana says it is, and then
we have to leave it behind for ever as the document of a mythology and
ritual which have no longer any living truth or force for thinking minds,
or it is what the European scholars say it is, and then we have to put
it away among the relics of the past as an antique record of semi-
barbarous worship or else it is indeed Veda, a book of divine knowledge,
and then it becomes of supreme importance to us to know and to hear
its message.

It is objected to the sense Dayananda gave to the Veda that it is
no true sense, but an arbitrary fabrication of imaginative learning and
ingenuity, to his method that it is fantastic and unacceptable to the
critical reason, to his teaching of a revealed scripture that the very idea
is a rejected superstition impossible for any enlightened mind to admit
or to announce sincerely. I will not examine the solidity of Dayananda's
interpretation of Vedic texts, nor anticipate the verdict of the future
on his commentary, nor discuss his theory of revelation. I shall only
state his broad principles underlying his thought about the Veda they
present themselves to me.

To start with the negation of his work by his critics, in whose
mouth does it lie to accuse Dayananda's dealings with the Veda of a
fantastic or arbitrary ingenuity ? Nor in the mouth of those who accept
Sayana's traditional interpretation. For if ever there was a monument of
arbitrarily erudite ingenuity, of great learning divorced, as great learn-
ing too often is, from sound judgement and sure taste and a faithful
critical and comperative observation ; from direct seeing and often even
from plainest common sense or of a constant fitting to the text into
the Procrustean bed of preconceived theory. It is surely this commentary,
otherwise so imposing, so useful as first crude material, so erudite and
laborious, left to us by the Acharya Sayana. Nor does the reproach lie
in the mouth of those who take as final the recent labours of European
scholarship. For if ever there was a tor of interpretation in which the
loosest vein has been given to an ingenius speculation, in which doubtful
indications have been snatched at as certain proofs, in which the boldest
conclusions have been insisted upon with the scantiest justification, the
most enormous difficulties ignored and preconceived prejudice main-
tained in face of the clear and often admitted suggestions of the text, it
is surely this labour, so eminently respectable otherwise for its industry,
goodwill and power of research, performed through a long century by
European Vedic scholarship,

INTRODUCTION

An interpretation of Veda must stand or fall by its central con-
ception of the Vedic religion and the amount of support given to it by
intrinsic evidence of the Veda itself. Here Dayananda's view is quite
clear, its foundation unexpugnable. Vedic hymns are chanted to the One
Deity under many names, names which are used and even designed to
express His qualities and powers. Was this conception of Dayananda's
arbitrary conceit fetched out of his own too ingenius imagination ? Not at
all ; it is the explicit statement of the Veda itself ; "One existent sages 11
not the ignorant, mind you, but the seers, the men of knowledge,
''speak of many ways, as Indra, as Yama, as Matriswan, as Agni." The
Vedic Rishis ought surely to have known something about their own
religion, more, let us hope than Roth or Max Muller, and this is what
they knew.

Immediately the whole character of the Veda is fixed in the sense
Dayananda gave to it ; the merely ritual, mythological, polytheistic
interpretation of Sayana collapses, the merely meteorological and
naturalistic European interpretation collapses. We have instead a real
scripture, one of the world's sacred books and the divine word of lofty
and noble religion.

Dayananda asserts the presence of an ethical element, he finds in the
Veda the law of life given by God to the human being. And if the Vedic
godheads express the powers of a supreme Deity who is Creator, Ruler
and Father of the universe then there must inevitably be in the Veda a
large part, of cosmology, the Law of creation and cosmos. Dayananda
asserts the presence of such a cosmic element, he finds in the Veda the
secrets of creation and law of Nature by which the Omniscient governs
the world.

Neither western scholarship nor ritualistic learning lias succeeded
in eliminating the psychological and ethical value of the hymns, but
they have both tended in different degrees to minimise it. Western
scholars minimise because they feel uneasy whenever ideas that are not
primitive seem to insist on their presence in these primeval utterances;
they do not hesitate openly to abandon in certain passages interpretations
which they adopt in others and which are admittedly necessitated by
their own philological and critical reasoning because, if admitted always,
they would often involve deep and subtle psychological conceptions
which cannot have occurred to primitive minds !(Sayana minimises because
his theory of Vedic discipline was not ethical righteousness with a moral
and spiritual result but mechanical performance of ritual with a material
reward. The Veda is as much and more a book of divine law as Bible or
Zoroastrian Avesta. ^

8 YAJUR VEDA

(Dayananda affirms that the truths of modern physical science are
discoverable in the hymns/| There is nothing fantastic in Dayananda's
idea that Veda contains truth of science as well as truth of religion. I
will even add my own conviction that Veda contains the other truths
of science the modern world does not at all possess, and in that case
Dayananda has rather understated than overstated the depth and range of
the Vedic wisdom.^ Objection has also been made to the philological and
etymological method by which he arrived at his results, especially in his
dealings with the names of god-heads. But this objection, I feel certain
is an error. In early language the word was a living thing with essential
powers of signification ; its root meanings were remembered because
they were still ii) use, its wealth of force was vividly present to the mind
of the speaker. ' The Nirukta bears evidence to this capacity and in the
Brahmanas and Upanishadas we find the memory of this free and symbolic
use of words still subsisting.

Interpretation in detail is a work of intelligence and scholarship and
in matter of intelligent opinion and scholarship men seem likely to differ
to the end of the chapter, but in all the basic principles, in those great
and fundamental decisions where the eye of intuition has to aid the
workings of the intellect, Dayananda stands justified by the substance
of Veda itself, by logic and reason and by our growing knowledge of the
past of mankind. The Veda does hymn the one Deity of many names
and powers ; it does celebrate the divine Law and man's aspiration to
fulfil it ; it does purport to give us the Law of the Cosmos.

On the question of revelation I have left n^elf no space to write.
Suffice it to say that here too Dayananda was perfectly logical and it is
quite grotesque to charge him with insincerity because he held to and
proclaimed the doctrine. There are always three fundamental entities
which we have to admit and whose relations we have to know if we would
understand existence at all, God, Nature and the Soul. If as Dayananda
held on strong enough grounds, the Veda reveals to us God, reveals to us
the Law of Nature, reveals to us the relations of the soul to God and
Nature what is it but a revelation of divine Truth ? And if,
as Dayananda held, it reveals them to us with a perfect truth, flawlessly,
he might well hold it for an infallible scripture. The rest is a question
of the method of revelation, of the divine dealings with our race, of
man's psychology and possibilities. Modern thought, affirming Nature
and Law but denying God, denied also the possibility of revelation, but
so also has it denied many things which a more modern thought is very
busy, reaffirming.

INTRODUCTION 9

We cannot demand of a great mind that it shall make itself a slave
to vulgarly received opinion or the transient dogmas of the hour ; the
very essence of its greatness is this, that it looks beyond, that it sees
deeper.

In the matter of Vedic interpretation I am convinced that whatever
may be the final complete interpretation, Dayananda will be honoured
as the first discoverer of the right clues. Amidst the chaos and
obscurity of old ignorance and age-long misunderstanding his was the
eye of direct vision that pierced to the truth and fastened on that which
was essential. He has found the keys of the doors that time had closed
and rent asunder the seals of the imprisoned fountains.

History in the Vedas

Swami Dayananda does not believe in history in the Vedas. Western
scholars like Griffith, Max-Muller, Monier Williams, Macdonnel,
Bloomfield, and Eastern scholars like Sayana, Mahidhar, Ubbat and
Damodar Satavalekar, believe in history in the Vedas. History in the
Vedas militates against its eternity and revelation from God, and reduces
it to a man-made composition.

The interpretation put by Pandit Satavalekar on the 22nd, 23rd
verses of Sukta 28, Mandal 7 of the Rig Veda, clearly shows that he does
not believe in the infallibility of the Vedas. Yaska Acharya, the author
of the Nirukta does not believe in history in the Vedas, but there were
scholars in his time also who believed in history in the Vedas. According
to the etymological formation of the Nirukta, all so called historical
names denote ordinary things according to the science of rhetoric.

In ordinary usage 3T^ Sff fe^ three tenses are used to denote the
past. Wherever these tenses are used in the Vedas, the interpreters of
history nourish tradition in the Vedas, taking these tenses to denote the
past. This is their error.

Panini says in his Ashtadhyayi 3p^fe 5J5;OT^ffo: 3-4-6. Kashka
interprets it like this. c< spjfa f^t ^13^^^ H^T^J sp^^fsfZ; JR33T:
*?^f?cT | M In the Vedas g^SI^fa^ are used in all the three tenses in
connection with verbal roots. Taking their use limited only to the past
and deduce history therefrom is incorrect. The Vedas are eternal, hence
in their sight all tenses are like the ever present, and there arises no
question in the Vedas about the past tense. On this support all the
tenses generally denoting the past denote ordinarily the present.
Similarly the Vedic words being derivatives are not traditional or
personal names. Scholars, when they give up grammar and Nirukta, the

10 YAJUR VEDA

two important limbs of Vedic interpretation, begin to import history ill
the Vedas, and trace therein the unfounded traditions of Babylonia.

Patanjali, the author of Mahabhashya, commenting on this exposition
of Kashka, writes that to interpret these three Lakaras as denoting the
past tense when used in the Vedas, is contradictory to the science of
grammar, their main limb. As long as Panini's Vyakaran is extant, to
interpret the Vedic texts as historical, is a clear sacrilege on the Vedic
verses.

Having failed to understand the derivative significance of Vedic
words, scholars have misinterpreted them as names of historical person-
ages. Below I give the true significance of certain Vedic words which
the commentators, mistaking for historical names, have uselessly
attempted to prove history in the Vedas.

1. Sita. This word used in the Veda does not signify the wife of
Shri Ram Chandra. It means the furrow traced in a field by the plough.

2. Babara is not the name of a King or a person. It denotes the air
that hums, thunders and flows.

3. Sudas is not the name of a king. A charitably disposed person
is called Sudas.

^l: TOWTfR: T Nirukta 2-25.

4. Paijwan is not the name of a King. An individual whose
impetuosity is constant, whose speed or force is unending is called
Paijwan, vide Nirukta 2-24.

5. Devas is not the name of a king. It is the name of a learned
priest who officiates at a sacrifice.

6. Agu (*rg) does not denote any historical personage. An ignorant
person devoid of knowledge and Vedic speech is called AguW^not, 3
* Vedic speech.

7. Devapi in the Veda is not the name of any historical person.
Devapi is a person who admires and befriends the learned. It is also the
name of lightning or thunderbolt.

8. Shantanu is not the name of a king. According to Yaska, a
man of tranquillity with mental peace is called Shantanu. Water is
also called Shantanu as it grants peace and conduces to the good of
humanity.

9. Angiras is not the name of any special person. Blazing fire
is called Angiras. God is also called Angiras, as God is Fire ( *rifc )
God engulfs the earth as we do the breaths, hence He is Angiras. A

INTRODUCTION 11

learned person is also called Angiras. Rishi Dayananda writes
*brifl sn*nr% *fr ft?TW[ He who knows is Angiras.

10. In the 13th chapter of the Yajur Veda the word Vasishtha
occurs in the 54th verse, Bhardwaj in the 55th, Jamdagni in the 56th,
Vishvamitra in the 57th, and Vishwakarma in the 58th. Historical
school of thought interprets these words as names of Rishis, but the
Shatpath Brahman interprets them thus,

(a) JTlflft I sffaS 3tfa: I

Prana is called Vasishtha, as it is excellent of all breaths*

(b) *TO>t *?T31 left; I

Mind is called Bhardwaj, as it strengthens by food.

Eye is called Jamadagni, as it sees the world.

(d) fo* I fc*fnra s&fo: i

Ear is called Vishwamitra, as it hears all things, and all direc-
tions befriend it.

(e) 31 *T

Speech is Vishwakarma as it manifests and illuminates all
topics.

In the Brahman Granthas Vasishtha is described as Prajapati, God,
King, and household lord. Jamdagni is abo spoken of as such. Vishva-
mitra is described as speech, Vishvakarma, the master of all deeds,
is spoken of as God, King, Prajapati and household lord.

Rishi Yajnavalkya speaks of the right ear as Gautama, and the left
ear as Bhardwaj. He describes the right eye as Vishwamitra and the
left as Jamdagni, the right nose as Vasishtha and the left as Kashyap.
Speech is described as Attri, as food is taken by the tongue. Being the
eater, one is ^rft, srft is 3T% from the root to eat.

11. Urvashi is not a historical name. 33 3$t 3RTT: I Lightning is
Urvashi, which controls all things. 35 i| 3T?3^. That which eats much.
Lightning is Urvashi the fall of which consumes many objects.

12. Pururava is not the name of a person. It is the name of a cloud,
which roars, thunders and makes noise, vide Nirukta 5-46.

13. Apsara does not denote celestial dancing nymphs. In the
Upanishads they are called Pranas. In Shilp Sanghita they mean the
China-clay basins. In Astrology they are spoken of as directions and
sub-directions. In bacteriology they mean watery germs. In Alchemy
they denote electric currents,

12 YAJUR VEDA

14. Bhrigu is not a proper Noun. They who exert for self main-
tenance are Bhrigus. *T for self-maintenance JJ exert themselves* They
are Bhrigus who continue their exertions to the extreme.

15. Sayana considers Bheda, Tritsu, Yamuna, Ajasa, Shigru and Yakshu
to be historical names. This is an erroneous view. The right inter-
pretation of these words is given below.

(1) Bheda : An enemy's emissary who creates parties in the

society.

(2) Tritsu is a hero who overcomes all afflictions.

(3) Yamuna is a ruler, an administrator who maintains law and
discipline.

(4) Ajasa is a hero who exerts and agitates.

(5) Shigru .He who possesses beauty, excellence in action.

(6) Yakshu : A sacrificer, who performs the Yajna,

16. Bharata is he who wants to advance and progress, being well-
fed. Bharata, the brother of Shri Ram Chandra has no place in the Veda.
Tritsu is he who is thirsty for self-amelioration.

Vasishtha is he who is expert in settling his subjects ; or a teacher
or preceptor who is most exalted amongst the Vasu Brahmchari disciples
of his.

Pratrida is he whose ears have been opened by the preceptor
through the knowledge of God and the Veda. Bharatas are the disciples
who are reared and looked after by their teacher.

17. Prashara is not a historical person.

A farsightecj learned person, the arrows of whose intellect can
reach far and pierce through the subtle topic and unravel the mysteries
of Nature is a Prashara. Such calm, judicious, self-abnegating souls, vho
abandon the captivating, carnal enjoyments of the world are called
Prasharas.

18. Saraswati is not the name of river in the Veda. In the
Brahman Granthas Saraswati has got thirteen meanings In the
Nighantu 57 synonyms have been given for Saraswati. ^T^ S**^cft I STcTo
7-5-1-31. Maharshi Dayananda interprets Saraswati as God iut of His
one hundred names enumerated in the first chapter of ths Satyartha
Prakash. He has interpreted Saraswati as wife while discussing marri-
age. In the Rig Veda Mandal 7 Sukta 9 Mantra 5 Swamif Dayananda
translates Saraswati as instructive speech. Pt. Satavalfkar agrees
with Rishi Dayananda and ^translates araswati as knowledge and
learning. \

INTRODUCTION 13

19. Jamdagni (sjUcf ^rfrf) is the name of blazing fire, and not
of a particular person.

Rivers in the Veda.

In fifteen places in the Rig Veda, there is a mention of seven rivers
according to Sayana. He has interpreted them as the names of rivers
the Ganges, the Yamuna etc. Pt. Satavalekar has thus nicely inter-
preted them.

In the centre is the soul force. From that original place there
flow seven streams of (1) Egotism (2) Mind (3) Ear (4) Touch (5) Eye
(6) Taste (7) Smell. The stream of egotism is flowing in the field of
arrogance. The stream of mind waters the field of contemplation. The
stream of ear coursing through ears is flowing in the field of words.
The stream of touch, through skin is flowing in the field of touch. The
stream of eye, through eyesight, is flowing in the field of sight. The
stream of taste is flowing from the tongue in the field of relish. Simi-
larly the stream of smell is flowing through breath in the nostrils.
These seven streams coming out of the soul, in a state of profound
sleep gf<T begin to flow inside and are absorbed in the soul. In a wak-
ing state, they begin to flow out of the soul and work in the world.
These seven streams are the seven Rishis, the seven rays and the seven
hands of the soul.

Patanjali Rishi puts the following exposition on this subject in the
Mahabhashya. Commenting upon the Rig Veda 8, 69, 12 he writes
'O Varuna, noble, talented soul thou art Sudeva (5^f) a true divinity,
the seven streams, the seven case-terminations (fsRfrfi) are thy seven
forces, which flow towards the palate, wherein the tongue speaks.
Just as fire shines entering an iron bar through its pores, so do the main
breaths come out of the soul through its gates. Like the division of the
force of breath, there are in grammar seven case-terminations, which
express the significance of words. The same case-terminations, being
the seven streams of speech convey knowledge. He who uses them
properly is really the knower of speech, Sudeva, a divine deity.

In Vedic literature Indra is soul, which makes the seven streams
flow. In the Rig Veda 4. 28, 1, it is clearly written, that Indra the soul
set in motion the seven streams, i. e., opened the clogged organs of sense.
It is clear that in the Veda, the names of so called rivers do not denote
any historical or geographical, temporary or transient objects. These
names have got spiritual significance. Saraswati is speech. The smell
conveying current flowing out of the nostril is the Ganges,

14 YAJUR VEDA

current flowing out of the ear is Yamuna. The organ of touch is
Shatadru. The current flowing towards the head is Vipasha. Aravind
Ghosh also does not believe in tffi^Rj: to signify geographical non-eternal
substances.

Rig Veda Mandal 10, Sukta 75, Mantra 5.

O Ganga, Yamuna, Saraswati, Shutudri. Parushni enjoy my praise.
O Marudvridha along with Asakni, and Arjikiya with Vatista and
Sushoma, listen to my praise.

Really speaking these are not the names of rivers. In mataphysics
they are the names of arteries in the body. They are called tT?t as they
(T^%) make sound. Their voice is heard, even when the ears are shut.

The real purport of the verse is given below. 'O Ganga, Ida (f^l)
artery, O Yamuna, Pingla artery, Shutudri, Parushni Saraswati, i. e.,
Sushumna artery, enjoy my praise sung in the verse about the arteries.
O Marudvridha, Sushumna, with Asikriya, i.e , Pingla ; O Arjikiya, Ida,
with Vitasta the Sushumna listen to my praise.

In this connection Maharshi Dayananda writes thus in the Rig Veda
Adi Bhashya Bhumika. Ida, Pingla, Sushumna and Kurma arteries are
appellations for Ganga, Yamuna etc. In Yoga philosophy these names are
used for God as well, Whose contemplation alleviates miseries and
grants salvation. These Ida etc. arteries are used for abstraction of the
mind and its steadfastness. In this verse there is repetition of God from
the previous verse.

Shri Pt. Pali Ratna describes Ganga as an artery instrumental in the
circulation of blood. Yamuna is the artery which guides the motion of
all parts of the body. The weakening of this artery results in paralysis.
Saraswati is that artery which brings knowledge. We can call it
Sushumna as well. Shutudri is a part of Sushumna which quickly brings
knowledge. Purushni is an attery which maintains heat in all parts of
the body and helps in the fine blood circulation. Asiknis are ductless
glands. Marudvridha is Pran (breath) that strengthens the body.
Vitasta is an artery pervading throughout the flesh. Arjikiya or
Vipflsh is an artery that works without any restriction.

Sushoma is an artery which remains wet.

Scholars, by believing in history in the Vedas have undermined their
grandeur and put a stain upon them. Rishi Dayananda by refuting the
doctrine of history in the Vedas, has established their eternity, and
enhanced their excellence.

INTRODUCTION 1

Scientific Gleamings from the Vedas.

Hymn, second of the tenth Kaand of the Atharva Veda, is a basic
text on anatomy, vide verses 1, 31, 32, 33. Having failed to understand
its main tenor Winternitz in his "History of Indian Literature" in
writing about some portions of the Atharva Veda has used language quite
unbecoming a scholar. On the basis of human anatomy this hymn
(Sukta) teaches great moral and spiritual truths. Similar texts are found
in the Yajur Veda (18-8, 12) also where long lists of animals etc. are
given for the instruction of humanity.

"What is it that has fitted man with two heels, who has padded
him with flesh, who has made his two ankles, who has formed his fingers
with beautiful joints, who has provided him with his sense organs, who
fitted soles to his feer and put firmness in his waist ?

Atharva 10-2-1.

"There is an impregnable city (in the shape of the human body)
with nine portals (with seven apertures in the head and two below) and
eight circles in which dwell celestial (very powerful) beings (the mind,
the will, the ego, the five senses) and in which there in a golden (very
powerful) celestial (advancing towards final beatitude) treasure-chest (the
human soul) surrounded by Light (God the self-effulgent)."

Atharva 10-2-31.

"Possessors of divine knowledge know that most Holy and Powerful
Being to be God Almighty Who resides in that treasure-chest with three
spokes (birth, name and place) established in three diverse ways (works 5
karma, worship of Godupasana and right knowledge of things Jnana)
Atharva 10-3-32 "Almighty God has entered from all sides that uncon-
quered golden city, lustrous, giving relief from all fatigue, and surrounded
by glory from all round" Atharva 10-2-33.

(Translation of these Mantras is taken from Swami Bhumananda's
Introduction to Ecclesia Divina.)

Agriculture and cloth-weaving also are treated of in the Vedas. Shri
Aravinda Ghosh, the great Yogi, Rishi and Seer of Pondichery, is of
opinion that there are truths of science in the Vedas, which the present
science has not yet been able to discover.

In the Yajur Veda 22-26 the formation of clouds is discussed. In the
Yajur Veda 24-20 six seasons are spoken of. In the Yajur Veda 17-2 the
science of Arithmetic is discussed. Digits are numbered from the unit to
billions and trillions.

Pt. Guru Dutt Vidyarthi, M.A,, translates Mitra and Varuna, as
oxygen and hydrogen, whose synthesis results in water H*O. In the

16 YAJUR VEDA

Yajur Veda, Chapter 33, Verse Seven, there is a mention of aeroplanes,
and their non-stop flight for thousands of miles.

In Atharva Veda 4-37 and 19-36-6 the words 'Apsaras' and
'Gandharva' mean the germs of epidemic disease, which have the power
to spread, pervade or get diffused quickly over a wide area. Their forms
and shapes, their habitat, are described and herbal remedies to check or
forestall their spread, are prescribed.

In Atharva Veda 6-111-4 and 6-130-1 Apsaras means vitality,
electricity, or energy, and in 6-118-1 it means the sun's rays.

In Atharva Veda 2-2-4 the word Gandharva is used to denote the
sun. In Atharva Veda 12-1-23 'Ghandharva' means some terrigenous
product endowed with fragrance. In Rig Veda 8-77-5 Gandharva means
a cloud.

There is a mention of Astronomy, Geography, Geology, Hydrostatics,
Medicine, and air-flight in the Yajur Veda, Chapter Six, verse twenty
one.

Schools of Vedic Interpretation.

1. The Nairukta. This method was pre-eminently philological
as in its attempt to interpret Vedic words it invariably insisted upon
enquiring into the origins of Vedic speech. This was the most fastidious,
thoroughgoing and perfectly critical method. It has come down to us
in Yaska's Nirukta and is known to consist in a full enquiry into the
etymology and history of words and expressions it has to interpret. In
Vedic interpretation this is the only faultless and at the same time
intelligible method. ^

2. The Aitihasika or historic method This is the Aitihasika method
as Yaska calls it. It consisted in elucidating a Vedic passage by referring
particular events in known history. The names of kings and great men
in India have, from the earliest ages, conformed to Vedic words. It has
never been difficult therefore to find some king, or wise man having a
name occurring in one of the four Vedas and their innumerable Schools.
Hence it was easy for teachers to refer to events in the lives of such men
to illustrate and explain Vedic statements. In course of time, however
this method lost its force, as people were thereby, often led astray into,
attaching greater importance to the historical illustration than to the
Vedic truth itself. The Saayanic commentator has made use of the first
as well as the second method.

3. The mythological. It was not possible to find historical examples
for every Vedic statement, hence to make up for the deficiency, scholars

INTRODUCTION 1?

Were often led to refer to folklore or to invent stories to exemplify Vedic
truths. The available "grand-mothers 1 tales" or "old wives' fables" as
they might be called, were collected together and utilised from time to
time to explain Vedic statements to the commonalty. Like the historical,
this method was very attractive and appealing, but it was more advan-
tageous as it hardly left any Vedic statement unillustrated. Besides it
was quite easy to frame a tale just at the nick of time to explain things
to the audience. Yaaska calls this also as 'itihaasa'. Whenever he criti-
cises these or other methods which seem faulty to him, he uses language
that very often savours of assent, but it is not so ; he is really criticising
the advocates of mythology but his style is so charming and gentle that he
often seems to agree with his opponents.

4. The scientific. After the Nairukta method this is the most
difficult. It consists in identifying Vedic truths with natural phenomena
and explaining them as physical-scientific truths. This method though
difficult and abstruse is very frequently resorted to by all scholars as in
many cases it is the only process that yields the right meaning. Besides
there are certain portions in the Vedas which clearly treat of Scientific
truths.

5. The esoteric or intuitional. This is an extremely abstract and
abstruse method of interpretation and is possible only for those who are
given to yogic spiritual discipline. It deals with God. the soul, and the
human body taking account of the 'outside' world only as an external
phenomenon. Yaaska uses this method in the fourteenth chapter of his
book. There are some Vedic texts which cannot be explained in any
other way but this, e. g.. Rig Veda 10-119. When other methods are
employed they yield faulty results.

6. The ritualistic method. Perhaps this is the easiest and the
most direct way of interpreting Vedic texts. A Vedic passage, for exam-
ple, embodies a scientific truth or a prayer to God but at the time of the
child's tonsure it is used with reference to the barber or the razor.
Here in interpreting the statement it may be supposed, for the time
being, to concern only with the barber or the razor, and the vocative,
if any rendered accordingly.

Of all these methods, it will be seen at a glance, the second histori-
cal, the third mythological and the 6th ritualistic are only shabby time-,
serving devices and cannot be depended upon. They are, at best, rough
processes, intended to bring home to the less deliberative, vedic truths
in tentative and attractive, though not enduring and correct forms. The

18 YAJUR VEDA

Saayanic 1 commentator has committed a great fault in utilising these
methods in season and out of season to explain the texts of the Rig Veda.

Max Midler's Sole Object

Max Muller's sole object in pursuing Sanskrit studies as he himself
often expressed, was to convert India to Christianity. A letter written
to him by E. B. Pussey reads thus : "Your work will form a new era in
the efforts for the conversion of India, and Oxford will have reason to be
thankful that, by giving you a home, it will have facilitated a work of
such primary and lasting importance for the conversion of India, and
which by enabling us to compare that early false religion with the true
illustrates the more than blessedness of what we enjoy."

In 1886 Max Muller thus wrote to his wife : " I hope I shall

finish the work, and I feel convinced though I shall not live to see it,
yet this edition of mine and the translation of the Veda will hereafter
tell to a great extent on the fate of India and on the growth of millions
of souls in that country. It is the root of their religion and to show
them what the root is, I feel sure, is the only way of uprooting all that
has sprung from it during the last three thousand years/'

To the then Secretary of State for India, the Duke of Argyle, he

writes thus in his letter of 16th December 1868 : " The ancient

religion of India is doomed and if Christianity does not step in, whose
fault will it be."

To Byranjee Malabari Esq., he wrote thus on 29th January 1882 :
"As I told you on a former occasion, my thoughts while writing the
lectures (the Hibbert) were with the people of India. I wanted to tell
to those few at least whom I might hope to reach in English what the true
historical value of this ancient religion is, as looked upon, not from an
exclusively European or Christian, but from a historical point of view.
1 wished to warn against two dangers, that of undervaluing and despising
the ancient national religion, a-6 is often done by your half-Europeanised
youths and that of overvaluing it and interpreting it as it was never meant
to be interpreted, of which you may see a painful source in Dayananda
Saraswati's labour on the Veda. Accept the Veda as an ancient historical

1. It h a mistake to speak of certain books as the work of Saayana He was not the
author of all the work* that go under hn nom-de-plume. Mahaamahopaadhyaaya P. Shivdatta,
Shastri, in hi* introduction to the Mahaabhashya mentions the name of 103 works. All
these could not have been written by Saayana, especially when we know that the commen-
tary on the Rig Veda itself can be a man's life work.

(frrom Introduction to Ecclesia Divina by Swami Bhumananda Saraswati, p. 149-151).

INTRODUCTION 19

document, containing thoughts in accordance with the character of an
ancient and simple-minded race of men, and you will be able to admire
it, and to retain some of it, particularly the teachings of the Upanishads
even in these modern days. But discover in it "steam engines and
electricity and European philosophy and morality," and you deprive it
of its true character, you destory its real value, and you break the
historical continuity that ought to bind the present with the past.
Accept the past as a reality, study it, and try to understand it and you
will then have less difficulty in finding the right way towards the
future."

'Tis pity Max Muller pooh-poohs the eternal truths and teachings,
and belittles the etymological and scientific method employed by Rishi
Dayananda in interpreting the Vedas, which Max Muller, the follower of
Sayana's historical method, hopelessly failed to understand.

The following is from a letter to his son :

"Would you say that anyone sacred book is superior to all others
in the world ? It may sound prejudiced, but, taking all in all, I say the
New Testament. After that I should place the Koran, which, in its
moral teachings, is hardly more than a later edition of the New
Testament. Then \vould follow the Old Testament, the Southern
Buddhist Tripitaka, the Taote King of Laotize, the Kings of Confucius,
the Veda and the Avesta. There is no doubt, however, that the ethical
teaching is far more prominent in the old and New Testament than in
any other sacred book. Therein lies the distinctiveness of the Bible.
Other sacred books are generally collections of whatever was remembered
of ancient times."

What a pity Max Muller ranks the Veda as inferior to the Bible
and the Koran, whereas in the Lofty ethical teachings these books stand
in no comparison with the Veda. To me the disparaging remarks of the
scholar are based on ignorance or misunderstanding of the true purport
of the Vedas. It would be rather harsh and unjust to say that the
scholar has made these remarks intentionally to degrade the Vedas in the
eyes of the civilized world.

To N. K. Majumr, a Brahmo Samajist, he wrote as follows in 1899 :

" You know for how many years I have watched your efforts

to purify the popular religion of India and thereby to bring it nearer
to the purity and perfection of other religions, particularly of Chris-
tianity. The first thing you have to do is to settle how much of your
ancient religion you are willing to give up, if not as utterly false, still as

20 YAJUR VEDA

aniquated ; You have given up a great deal, polytheism, idolatry, and
your elaborate sacrificial worship.

Take then the New Testament and read it for yourselves, and judge
for yourselves, whether the words of Christ as contained in it satisfy you
or not. Christ comes to you as he comes to us in the only trustworthy
records preserved of him in the Gospels. We have not even the right to
dictate our interpretation of these Gospels to you, particularly if we
consider how differently we interpret them ourselves. If you accept his
teachings as there recorded, you are a Christian.

Tell me some of your chief difficulties that prevent you and your
countrymen from openly following Christ, and when I write to you I shall
do my best to explain how I and many who agree with me have met
them, and solved them, From my point of view t India, at least the best
part of it, is already converted to Christianity. You want no persuasion
to become a follower of Christ. Then make up your mind to work for
yourselves. The bridge has been built for you by those who came before
you. Step boldly forward, it will not break under you, and you will
find many friends to welcome you on the other shore, and among them
none more delighted than your old friend and fellow labourer, F. Max
Muller." (From "Life and Letters of Frederick Max Muller").

These letters clearly prove that the real aim of Western scholars,
under the garb of research, is to let down the Vedas, and establish the
superiority of the Bible. Research scholars in their quest for truth,
should proceed without bias, without pre-conceived notions and prejudiced
minds. 'Tis pity the Western scholars have miserably failed to follow the
requisites of true research, and some of them have in their religious
frenzy and bigotry remarked, the Vedas are "mad-man's raving and
child's prattle." Their poor knowledge of the Vedic literature, their
lack of a thorough unbiassed study of our scriptures, their zealous
missionary spirit that blurred their vision, their antipathy towards Non-
Christian religions, and their convictions of the superiority of the ethical
teachings of the Bible have resulted in arriving at wrong and poor
notions of the Vedas, the encyclopaedia of knowledge, and the repository
of eternal, lofty, moral teachings.

Concluding Remarks

Since long I was contemplating to undertake the stupendous task
of translating in English the Commentary of Maharshi Dayananda. on the
Yajur Veda. My circumstances and multifarious engagements spared
me no time for the task. My iron determination and unflagging resolve,

INTRODUCTION 21

however, helped me in the long run, to fulfil my ambition. Constant
labour for some years has enabled me to complete the translation. I am
not a scholar, nor do I possess thorough knowledge of Sanskrit. I am a
mere devotee of the Vedas. I am a fallible human being and claim no
perfection to my work, Errors might have crept into my translation,
which, if pointed out by learned scholars, will be acknowledged and
rectified in the second edition. The readers should appreciate my
sincerity and faith and overlook my shortcomings. I feel obliged to
Pt. Jai Dev, Vidya Alankar, and Swami Bhumananda Saraswati, M.A.,
whose works I copiously consulted and wherefrom derived help and
information. My sincere thanks are due to Shri Dina Nath, B. A.,
LL.B., Ex. Public Prosecutor and Ex. Official Receiver, Gurdaspur,
who lent me valuable help in going through the manuscript with me,
and making useful suggestions for improving the language of this
translation. But for this help, the publication of the work would have
inordinately been delayed.

DEVI CHAND,
Hoshiarpur. President,

7th February, 1957. All India Dayananda Salvation Mission.

THE YAJUR VEDA

CHAPTER I

1. O, Lord, we resort to Thee for the supply of foodstuffs and
vigour. May the Creator, the fountain of happiness and knowledge,
inspire us for the performance of noblest deeds with our organs. May
the cows, which should never be killed, be healthy and strong. For
the attainment of prosperity and wealth, may the cows be full of calves,
free from consumption and other diseases. Maya thief and a sinner be
never born amongst us. May the lord of land and cattle be in constant
and full possession of these. May Ye protect the cattle, wealth and
progeny of the virtuous soul.

2. Yajna acts as purifier, makes explicit, true and perfect knowle-
dge, spread in space through the rays of the sun, purifies the air, is the
mainstay of the universe, and also adds to our comfort through its
exalted office. It behoves us all the learned and their followers not to
give up the performance of yajnas.

3. The yajna of the Great Lord is the supporter of innumerable
worlds and purifies us all. May the Self-Effulgent Lord, lead us aright
on the path of virtue. May He purify us through the store of true
knowledge and all sciences contained in the Vedas, and elevating selfless
deeds. O ye men which branches of true knowledge do ye want to
comprehend ?

4. Vedas are the true source of knowledge and their study enables
us to enjoy the full span of life. They contain the detailed instructions
concerning various duties. May we through His grace be firmly con-
vinced of the utility of industrial achievements, and may He, the
Omnipresent Lord protect our yajnas and the knowledge and means
thereof.

5. O God, the Lord of Vows, I will observe the vow. May I have
strength for that. Pray grant me success in the fulfilment of my vow.
I take the vow of renouncing untruth and embracing truth.

6. Who prompts you to do good deeds ? It is He, the Great Lord
Who guides us on the path of virtue. Why does He do so ? For the
performance of noble, virtuous deeds and the fulfilment of the vow of
leading a truthful life. The Lord enjoins the workers and their

CHAPTER I

organisers, the teacher and the taught to be constantly engaged in
doing good deeds and achieving fine qualities and true knowledge,

7- May we root out the evil tendencies of the wicked, the unsym-
pathetic and uncharitable exploiters of humanity. May we take to task
the disturbers of peace, and expose the wicked.

May we thus get many an opportunity of attaining to prosperity
and bliss.

8. O Lord, Thou art the dispeller of vices. May Thou punish - the
wicked. May Thou deal with the vicious that put the sages to trouble.
May Thou inspire the sinful with noble thought, whom we, too, exhort
to do noble deeds. We worship Thee, the Giver of happiness and
knowledge to the learned, purifier of them, the Promulgator of learning
and joy in the universe, and worthy of adoration by the religious minded
devotees and the wise.

9. O Ye men, increase the store of goods acquired by honest and
fair means to be used in the service of humanity. May your life, be
constantly dedicated to this principle. May the spiritually minded people,
also, not give up this humanitarian work. May your lives be constantly
consecrated to the performance of five daily duties. The heat of the
sun destroys dirt and odour, and draws substances consigned to fire, in
their atomic form for the purification of air.

10. In this universe created by the All Effulgent God, I realize
the power and influence of the sun and moon, feel the inhalation and
exhalation of life-giving breath, appreciate the efforts made by the
votaries of knowledge for mastering science of electricity. I follow the
researches made by the learned in the applications of water and fire.

11. I resort to agriculture and craft for removing poverty and
ministering happiness to all. May I feel joy in my domestic life. May
our houses be sufficiently commodious, airy, fully comfortable, and built
in the middle of an open space. May our life be in conformity with Vedic
teachings. O Lord we pray unto Thee to preserve and protect whatever
gives us happiness.

12. O learned persons, just as in this world created by God, inhal-
ing and exhaling breaths are purified by the faultless and pure rays of
the sun, just as charming and beautiful waters, which run to the ocean
and go up in the atmosphere and nourish medicines are purified by these
rays, so do ye perform Homa with pure substances. I always promote
this yajna, and sanctify the worshipper with pure mind and strong body,
the worshipper full of learning and noble qualities.

24 YAJUR VEDA

13. O performers of yajnas, as the sun receives the aforesaid
waters and the air to dispel clouds, and absorbs them for the fast moving
clouds, hence ye should always perform yajnas.

We all should perform agreeable yajnas, for the attainment of God,
for noble acts, for the acquisition of fine virtues and for temporal and
spiritual advancement. With the aid of yajnas purify all substances and
human beings. Yajnas will remove all your physical and mental defects.
I, the Revealer of the Veda, advance this purificatory act of yours.

14. May your house be comfortable. It should afford no shelter
to the wicked and the uncharitable. May your house serve on as skin of
the Earth. May all persons acquire such a house through the grace of
God. Clouds receive moisture from forests, reside in the vast space,
and receive water from air. May God impart you this knowledge of
clouds and building houses. May the learned understand the building
of houses, which serve as skin of the earth.

15. O yajna, thou art the body of the fire. Thou art performed
with the recitation of vedic verses, I perform thee for the acquisition of
noble qualities. Thou art a great cloud, the fosterer of herbs, Cleanse
this oblation, the assuager of mental pain, for the happiness of the learn-
ed Cleanse it well. Those who read and teach the Vedas, become
acquainted with the Vedic lore, inspiring us for the performance of yajnas.

16. The yajna keeps away the thieves, refines and sweetens the
speech, is productive of foodstuffs and is the bestower of knowledge and
vigour. Let the performance of such yajnas be inculcated. May we
through the aid of heroic persons win battles again and again.

The yajna is instrumental in producing rain, may we know thee as
rain producer. We should try to efface the dacoits and exploiters of
impure minds who lead an impious life.

Just as the air with its strong hands of definite motion to and fro
receives the oblations and just as the bright Sun full of luminous beams,
with his faultless rays resolves into atoms the substances put into the fire,
so do God and the scholars preach all sciences for the good of humanity.

17. O Lord, dauntless art Thou. Let us avoid in a yajna the use
of fire that burns the corpses, and use the fire, that ripens the raw com-
modities, and endows us with nobler qualities. Through thy teachings re-
move our miseries and confer bliss on us.

13. I refers to God.

14. Just as skin protects and beautifies the body, so should our houses beautify the plot
on which they are built.

CHAPTER I 25

Lord, Thou art the bestower of permanent happiness. May the
Earth and the beings living on it advance through high merits. We re-
alise in our hearts for the removal of the wicked, Thee who bestoweth
happiness upon the learned, the heroic and all sentient beings.

18. O 1 Lord, Thou art the sustainer of the universe. Accept our
adoration offered through Vedic verses and develop our inexhaustible
mental knowledge. For the destruction of internal foes I realise Thee in
my heart as the Supporter of the learned, the statesman and the Guide on
the path of duty of different classes. Thou art the Supporter of the un-
iverse, we pray unto Thee to increase our knowledge. For the destruc-
tion of our internal foes, we realise Thee in our hearts as the Supporter of
the learned, the statesman and the Guide on the path of duty of different
classes. I imbibe in my heart Thee the All pervader, the Giver of happi-
ness from all directions.

O Ye men, lead a life of penance by controlling your breath, and
following the wise, the scientists and the learned.

19. The yajna is the giver of happiness, puts an end to the selfish
and miserly habits and protects the mid-regions as skin protects the body.
May the performer of the yajna realise its significance. The proper reci-
tation of the vedic hymns is the yajna in itself. The yajna performed on
special occasions also protects the truth as skin protects the body. The
yajna is the sustainer of the illustrious sun, the embodiment of Vedic lore.
May we realise the yajna as the bringer of rain, and the giver of spiritual
knowledge.

20. The foodstuffs and water purified by the performance of yajna
strengthen the body and sense organs. May we resort to yajna for sound
health, for activities, for vitality, for long life full of happiness and pro-
sperity. The glorious Creator and Emancipator of the universe, through
His perfect Omnipresence, blesses us for the dissemination of true sublime
knowledge.

21. O men, just as I the Lord, propagate the knowledge of this
yajna in the world created by Me, and perform it through the bright sun,
stable Earth, vitalizing air and various kinds of breaths in the human
organism, so do ye. May you prepare, for your benefit, mixtures of
different medicines with water and with juices and dilute the same again
with distilled water. May you, thus, effect useful combinations of the
beneficial medicines, with refined tinctures.

22. I fully harness the yajna for the attainment of happiness and
material prosperity. This oblation is put into the fire, which expands,
reaches in the middle region of the sun and moon and produces food-stuff.

26 YAJUR VEDA

The yajna confers fuller life and happiness. May this yajna be pef fotmed
everywhere. May the performer of the yajna spread its knowledge. May
the sacrificial Agni keep us free from diseases. May the indwelling
Effulgent God, make our yajna perfect for the attainment of complete joys.

23. Be fearless and do not waver as to the performance of yajna.
Let the offspring of the performer of this yajna be excellent, faithful and
free from weakness. We whole heartedly take recourse to yajnas for the
realisation of the one Lord, for the purification of air and water and for
getting the blessings of mother, father and preceptor.

24. By the impulse of God the Giver of bliss, I perform the yajna
free from Hinsa (violence), for the attainment of noble qualities and
association of the learned, through the aid of life-giving-breath, vitalising
air, and through the rejuvenating rays of the sun and moon. A yajna is
the recipient of the rays of the sun that ripens a large variety of objects
and is full of immense lustre, and innumerable rays. A yajna is the
illuminating source of rain. With the aid of the yajna we should remove
our miseries.

25. O God, the Creator of the solar and bright regions we implore
Thee that through Thy grace, may we not destroy the medicinal herbs of
the earth, on which the learned perform the yajnas. May the yajna
reach the clouds. Let the sun pour rain on the earth through its rays.
O heroic persons bind by various fetters a wicked man in this world,
who is opposed to us and is opposed to by us, and release him not.

26. O' Omnipresent Lord, the Giver of happiness, may we subjugate
the wicked folk on this earth where the sages perform yajnas. May we
associate with the learned and, thus spread freely the system of education
as propounded in the Vedic hymns. Just as My light of knowledge is
valued by all, so should yours. The ignorant moving in the dark who are
opposed to the learned, and whom the learned disapprove for their
antagonism to knowledge, should be brought round to the path of virtue
by hundreds of means available and let the restriction on them be not
removed till their enlightenment. May the wicked, be not blessed with
prosperity, and the pleasure of knowledge. O Ye dutiful may ye
persistently follow the path of virtue.

Just as the light of the sun brightens up the mid-region so does God

23. Shri Jai Chand, Vidya Alankar, interprets the last portion of the Mantra as for the
mastery of the three Vedas, the two Vedas and One Veda. Recitation of Vedic hymns in the
performance of a yajna is essential, as by their constant repetitions, one masters them.

25. For the maintenance of peace and order in the society, it is essential to punish the
wicked. The Veda generally inculcates the spirit of non-hatred and mutual love, but where
this law is violated the violators have to be punished to bring them on the right path,

CHAPTER I 27

fulfil our desires. The sunjcontrols the earth by the force of

and ^ajjptftujfi ...... it ilLi

The cruel who are opposed to the just, and are opposed by the peace-
loving, be bound by all the means possible and be never let loose till they
have been brought to their senses.

27. I perform the yajna with the recitation of vedic verses in
Gayatri, Trishtup, and Jagati metres. O Earth, thou art beautiful, a
source of prosperity, and happiness, a fit place to dwell upon comfortably,
full of corn, milk, sweet juices and fruits.

28. O Almighty Lord Tbpu, hast suspended in space near Moon,
this Earth, full of foodstuffs, and producer of all the life-giving substances
for the living creatures. May the learned of refined intellect, full of
happiness, residing upon it, the well-wisher of all. abiding by Thy eternal
laws, conquer all foes waging severe fight with the aid of warriors and arms,
thus attain to power. O learned person, just as from times immemorial the
dutiful have been acquiring wealth, so do thou full of wealth worship God.
Let evil be eradicated.

29. The wicked should be removed, the enemies of truth should be
punished ; those fit to be shackled should be cast aside and those opposed
to knowledge should come to grief. Oh destroyer of foes, Thou art not
wrathful, I prepare thee full of virility for battle.

Those who can't tolerate the good of others must be chastised,
and openly condemned. Those who cause harm to others should be
humiliated. I duly instruct the army to be strong for weakening the foe,
and waging war.

30. O 1 Lord Thou art the Creator of juices in the soil. Thou art
the Omnipresent, the Pervader of all. Like the flame of fire Thou art in-
extinguishable. Thou art worthy of worship by the sages at all places,
meant for it, through the recitation of the vedic texts. May we realise
Thee through our peaceful spiritual vision, for our advancement.

31. I consecrate the yajna, which purifies all objects with the

27. According to some interpreters, Gayatri chhand is synonymous with a Brahman*
Trishtup with a Kshatriya, and Jagati with a Vaishya. Some interpret these verses as earth,
mid-region, and sun. Some interpret Gayatri as fire, Trishtup as air, and Jagati as sun. Some
interpret them as head, chest and loins, some as Vasu, Rudra and Aditya, and some as Pran,
Apan and Vyan. In prosody Gayatri metre consists of 24, Tnshtup of 44 & Jagati of 48
syllables just as a Vasu Brahmchari observes celibacy for 24 years, a Rudra for 44, and an
Aditya for 48 years.

31, I denotes the priest.

28 YAJUR VEDA

flawless, pure rays of the sun. In this world created by the Great Lord, I
sanctify the hearts and souls of the people by the pure and ever soul-
illuminating knowledge. O' Lord Thou art the source of all light, Pure,
Giver of the bliss of emancipation, the final resort of the universe ; fit to be
adored by the learned, loved by the sincere, fearless devotees, Invincible
and worshipped by the sages.

CHAPTER II

1. Oh yajna, thou art being performed in a well dug place, them
art i?refied by fire and attracted by the air. For the sake of Havan I
consecrate the oblation agreeably rectified by thee. Thou art an alter
for taking the oblations high up into the space ; I erect thee and con-
secrate thee with ghee. Just jasjyater in the space contributes to the
purification of the material objects, so do I carefully cleanse the oblations
to be put into the fire ladles.

2. Yajna showers water on the Earth. Mortar is the chief receptacle
of the yajna. I prepare the altar for the learned to sit on. May those
scholars sing the praises of God, the Earth's Lord, the World's Lord,
the Lord of Kings.

3. The jsun^ sustainer of the world and the holder of the earth,
spreads the yajna far and wide for the happiness of the universe.
Adorable fire, being adored in the yajna, thou art the guardian of the
worshipper. O yajna thou art the induce r of rain through the power of
sun for the happiness of the universe. Adorable fire, being adored in
the yajna, thou art the guardian of the worshipper. Inhalation and
exhalation, for the happiness of the universe, protect thee (yajna) with
firm strength every now and then. Adorable fire, being adored in the
yajna, thou art the protector of the worshipper.

1. Adhvaryu. the priest speaks.
Thee refers to altar.

2. Mortar Vd<j<ri is the crown of yajna, for %fo for oblations is prepared through it.
By preparing the altar is meant spreading Asanas on it after washing and cleansing it, so
that the learned Pandits may sit on them, for participation in the performance of the yajna.
I refers to the worshipper the ZTOTH. Griffith following Mahidhar and Ubbat interprets
Bhuvpati, Bhuvanpati, and Bhutanampati, as three brothers of Agni ; which is manifestly
absurd. Kishi Dayananda interprets them as three manifestations of God.

3. Griffith in the Wake of Ubbat and Mahidhara considers Gandharva and Vishvavasu
as two Vedic deities. Rishi Dayananda interprets these words as meaning Sun, that holds
the Earth, and sustains the universe. (TRJ3 : ) 3t it tjfcrft ETTft TpEfg": <tytfo?l4>* I (ftara^O ffctf
3VWlft W W 1 (SfiRT:) T^ : 5TOF* that which brings rain (Dayananda). Griffith and others
interpret it as right arm of Indra. pny) has been interpreted by Dayananda as ISflFlft
powerful. Mitra and Varuna mean Pran and Apana according to Dayananda, but two gods
according to Mahidhar etc. SPit $ fen 3TOFfl TO*P I

Shatapatha 8426.

Adoring of the fire means the throwing of the oblations into it in accompaniment
with the recital of the vcdic mantras.

30 YAJUR VEDA

4. May we, in a friendly spirit, manifest Thy glory Oh Omniscient,
All-illumining God, the Giver of great happiness to all, the Embodiment
of effulgence, and the Preacher of the yajnas.

5. Oh yajna, Thou art beautiful like the spring. The sun protects
thee from time immemorial, for unfolding all objects. Thou art diffused
through the power and potency (the two arms) of the sun. Just as
Vasus, Rudras, and Adityas promote the yajna, the giver of happiness,
pervaded in space, so do I for the acquisition of divine qualities, perform
the yajna.

6. Oh Yajna, thy name is sky, thou art full of butter, be confirmed
in this decorated place with thy lovely glory. Oh Yajna thy name is
space, thou art full of water, be confirmed in this decorated space with
thy lovely glory. Oh Yajna thy name is Earth, thou art the giver of
longevity, be confirmed in this decorated place with thy lovely glory.
May necessary articles be placed in the holy yajna. O God, may Thou
protect those articles, may Thou protect the Yajna, may Thou protect
the worshipper, may Thou protect me the conductor of the Yajna.

7. I kindle the fire, the giver of corn, full of intensity, the carrier of
all oblations to the sky, and the bringer of victory in war. The fire
properly used in the Yajna brings water through the forces of nature,

4. Swami Dayananda has put two interpretations upon this mantra. Agni has been
taken to mean God and physical fire. I have accepted the first interpretation, the second
one referring to fire also holds good.

5 . The power and potency ( 191 and $tf ) are spoken of as the two arms of the sun.
They help in the diffusion of the yajna. Vasus, Rudras and Adityas kave been translated by
some commentators as deities and by others as learned persons, who take part in the yajna.
Swami Dayananda translates Vasus as Agni, Prithvi, Vayu, Antriksha, Aditya, Dyau,
Chandrama and Nakshatra, as all living objects dwell and reside in these eight Vasus.
Rudras he translates as Pran, Apan, Vyan, Udan, Saman, Nag, Kurma, Krikal, Devadutta,
Dhananjay and Jeeva (Soul),

These eleven vital Breaths ^are called Rudras, as they make all relatives weep
when they leave the body at the time of death. The twelve months of the year are called
Adityas. The Vasus, Rudras and Adityas are helpful in the performance and promotion of
the Yajna. 'I* refers to the worshipper the performer of the Yajna.

6. In Yajna there are three ladies, named Juhu, Upabhrit and Dhruva. These three
are named in the universe as Dyau, Antriksha and Prithvi. In this mantra Juhu, means
sky, upabhrit means space, and Dhruva means Earth. All these three names are used for
the Yajna, with which they are connected cftsfg: Shatapatha 1. 3. 2.4.

SRTfaRjq^ Shatapatha 1. 3. 2. 4.

*ti ?e$ tyej H gj Shatapatha 1. 3. 2. 4.

Me refers to any of the Hota, Adhwaryu, Udgata or Brahma, the participating
priests of the Yajna.

CHAPTER II 31

and food through the seasons that protect us. May these (water and food)
the givers of strength and power be for my use.

8. May I today for the acquisition of comforts collect through
Yajna butter and other articles which contribute to happiness.

O God may I never violate it (Yajna). O Lord may I obtain Thy
refuge, abounding in store of riches. This fire is the abode of yajna.
Through it (yajna) sun and air gain strength. This yajna resides in space
and fire.

9. Oh God protect the sun and earth, which protect the yajna.
Just as fire acquiring the yajna and acting as an envoy, protects the sun
and earth, so protect us, Oh Lord the doer of the noble deeds for
the learned. Just as the sun combining light with light through the
oblations put into fire, protects the heaven and earth so God guard us
with the light of spiritual knowledge. This is thus ordained in the
Veda.

10. May God bestow on me spiritual power. May we obtain
wealth full of various kinds of splendour, and earthly power. May our
desires be fulfilled, may they attain to fruition, Men use this Earth
and knowledge (whereby salvation is attained) for the pleasures of
kingship. May these Earth and knowledge advise me. May God, as
my last Refuge and resort instruct me. This is thus ordained in the
Veda.

11. I have prayed to the Effulgent, All sustaining God, May the
Lord Father accept my prayer. Our digestive faculty digests by means
of gastric juice the food put into the stomach. In this universe created
by the All-Blissful God, I take that food through the qualities of attraction
and retention, of inhalation and exhalation ; and the forces of purification
and permeation of the invigorating air, throughout the body. Cooking
my food in the burnt fire I eat it with my mouth.

8. Articles, necessary for the performance of yajna.

9. Agni is the messenger of the forces of nature, as it takes to sky, air, sun, etc. in a
rarefied form the oblations put into it.

10. HffiT and tfitft have not been translated by Swami Dayananda as mother and
Earth, but as knowledge whereby we attain to salvation, and earth that gives us various
sorts of pleasures.

11. ajfosft has been translated by some commentators as sun and moon, and by others
as vedic deities, but Swami Dayananda translates it as Pran and Apan. He considers Ashwin
to mean Pran and Apan, i.e., inhalation and exhalation the breaths we take in and out. Their
qualities of attraction and retention are their two arms. Pushan is not a god but invigorating
air, whose two hands are its forces of purification and permeation of the food taken.

32 YAJUR VEDA

12. Oh Lord the Creator of the universe, the Vedas and the
learned proclaim this fore-mentioned yajna of Thine for Brihaspati and
Brahma. Through that great sacrifice protect my yajna, protect the
performer of the yajna, protect Thou me.

13. May my active mind enjoy the yajna's provisions. May God
expand and preserve this unabandonable acquisition of knowledge, which
is a kind of yajna. May all the learned persons in the world rejoice. May
Om be seated in our hearts.

14. Oh God, may Thou be glorified by our praises sung through
Thy Vedas. May Thou promote our knowledge. Oh God, may we
advance our soul. O God Thou controllest the activities of all. Thou
art the embodiment of knowledge. Thou art Omniscient and the Bringer
of victory in battles. May we prosper and sing Thy praises. I become
pure and holy by following Thy commands.

15. May I achieve victory like the victory of Fire and Moon. May
I speed onward with the materials of war. May Fire and Moon, drive
off him who hates us, drive off the man whom we detest. May I remove
that sinful enemy by warlike, military skill and equipment. May I
achieve victory like the victory of Air and Lightning. May I achieve
happiness through the impulse of knowledge, used for the acquisition
of supremacy. May air and lightning properly employed, drive off
him who hates us, drive of the man whom we dislike. I purify this
ignorant person by the light of knowledge.

16. We perform the yajna for Vasus, Rudras and Adityas. The
light of the sun and earth bring thee (yajna) to light. The Pran (external
air) and Udan (internal air) protect thee through rain. Just as birds go
to their nests, so let us daily go to the yajna reciting Gayatri Mantras.

12. Brihaspati is ODC who protects and guards the vedic verses. Brahma is one who
has read and mastered all the four vedas. Yajnapati is the yajman, the worshipper.

13. Om is the most sacred name- of God.

15. Fire means a commander of the army and moon means a calm and considerate king.
5R may refer to the enemy or the disease which is the enemy of our body. The disease that
attacks us, and which we try to throw off, must be removed.

|-|J ft may mean 151 and cfa i.e., power and lustre vide TJto 30 1-22 or BUT and era vide qfto
12-8 or Pran and Udan vide Shatapatha 4-3-1-22. The victory of Agni and Som is the rightful
use in the universe, whereby victory is achieved in a battle. I may refer to the king or the
worshipper.

16. As for Vasus, Rudras and Adityas see footnote to 2.5. Prishni has been translated by
Ubbat and Mahidhar as cow that goes to heaven. The word means, oblation staying in the
space in its rarefied form.

The mantra merely explains the scientific process how rain is caused, but some commen-
tators have failed to grasp its real sense,

CHAPTER II 33

The desired oblation (Ahuti) reaches the space, comes in contact
with air and the light of tht sun. It thence brings down rain for us,
which fills streams and stalks of plants and flowers. Oh Fire thou pro-
tectest the eye from darkness, may thou protect my physical and spiritual
eye.

17. Oh Omnipresent God, extolled by the praises of the learned,
Thou attainest to greatness through those lovely panegyrics. I realise that
greatness of Thine in my heart. May I never disobey Thee. May I, Oh
God, never abuse the pleasant and invigorating food, I have secured in Thy
creation.

18. May ye thriving, justice loving, wise, learned persons, preachers
of the knowledge of the Vedas, become supreme through knowledge.
Let all seekers after truth, devotees of learning and action, attain to
happiness. Preach My noble word, that brings all kinds of joys.

19. Oh fire and air, ye are the bringers of rain. Ye protect the
yajna, and conduce to our comfort, bring comfort to me. God and humi-
lity are near me for my good, as they are for thine. Just as I derive
happiness by the performance of yajna, so should you.

20. Oh Immortal, Omnipresent God, protect me from intense pain,
protect me from the bondages of sin and ignorance, protect me from the
company of evil-minded persons, protect me from food injurious to health.
Make Thou our food free from poison. Let me live in a comfortable
house ; praying to Thee and doing noble needs. This is our prayer to the
Lord of the Universe, may we get pure knowledge through the vedas, the
givers of glory and prosperity.

21. Oh God, Thou knowest the animate and the inanimate creation.
Thou knowest everything in the universe. Just as Thou art the expo-
under of knowledge for the learned, so dost Thou expound knowledge
unto me. Ye learned people, who know how to sing praises unto God,
knowing the veda that shows the right path, should master knowledge.

Oh God, the Master of learning, rightfully fix this yajnalike world in
the air.

17. Griffith translates tffrft: as demons of darkness who steal the gods' cows, the rays of
light, and hide them in caverns. Swami Dayananda translate? the word as 'praises' sung by
the learned unto God. Paridhi has been translated by Griffith, Mahidhar and Ubbat as the
stick, which is put into the fire. Dayananda translates it as greatness,

19. Me : thesacrificer (Yajman)

20. fftST has been translated by Griffith as cohabitation by the husband and wife, sleep-
ing on the same couch. Rishi Dayananda translates it as Earth, and titaqfil as God who is the
lord of earth t sun and other worlds.

34 YAJUR VEDA

22. May the mighty space unite with oblation and butter. May it
unite with the twelve months of the year, and eight lifegiving age-
ncies and vital breaths, May the sun be harnessed with all its rays. May
pure water rain whenever duly consecrated oblations are offered.

23. Does anybody abandon the sacrifice ? He who abandons it, is
abandoned by God. For what purpose does the worshipper put the
oblations into the fire ? He does it for the happiness of all. He does it
for gaining strength, health and vigour. The inferior articles not used
in the sacrifice are the allotted portion of the fiends.

24. May we be endowed with the study of the Vedas, knowledge,
stout bodies, peaceful and devoted minds. May God, the Giver of happi-
ness grant us riches, and banish each blemish from our body.

25. The Yajna performed by us in Jagati metre goes up to the sky.
From there it is sent back and pleases the world. By means of this Yajna,
may we ward off the man who hates us, and him whom we detest.

The yajna performed by us in Trishtup metre goes up in the air.
From there it is released and affords happiness to the world by the
purification of air and water. By means of this yajna, we keep away the
man who hates us, and him whom we dislike. The yajna performed by us in
Gayatri metre spreads on the Earth, and being released from there goes
up to heaven, and purifies the objects of the Earth. By means of this
yajna we remove the man who hates us, and him whom we despise. By
the use of food purified through yajna, may we get happiness, for the
accomplishment of the yajna, and be combined with lustre.

22. iff s does not mean grass here as interpreted by Ubbat and Mahidhar. It means
Antriksha, the space, in which all things grow, increase and expand.

Swami Dayananda has translated the word as Antriksha. All the oblations mixed with
ghee, rise heavenwards in the space, when they are put into the fire. Adityas mean the twelve
months and Vasus, the eight lifegiving agencies explained in foot-note to 2.5. Space is intimate-
ly connected with these, faS^^T: means rays of the sun, and not certain gods as explained by
Griffith. *?*rot $F& ft$cl$9T : Shatapath 3-7-3-6 vishvedevas according to Shatapath Brahman
means rays. Swami Dayananda has translated the word as rays.

23. Rakhshasas means the evil minded persons, who do not perform yajna. They eat the

inferior articles rejected in the yajna.

25. The performance of the yajna by means of Gayatri, Trishtup and Jagati metres

means the recitation of the Veda Mantras in these metres throughout the yajna. We should
keep our enemies away from us through the strength and vigour we derive from the Yajnas.
Vishnu has been translated as God by Pt. Jai Chand Vidya Alankar. God pervades ths sky,
the air and earth nay throughout the universe, by means of hi<? Jagati Chhand, the power of
creating the world, His Trishtup Chhand, the operation of protecting the three worlds, and
His Gayatri chhand, the power of guarding the vital breaths.

CHAPTER II 35

26. Oh God Thou art Self-Existent, Most Excellent, and Self
Effulgent, Giver art thou of knowledge. Give me knowledge. I follow the
command of God.

27. Oh Lord of the universe, Oh God, may I become a good
householder through Thee, the protector of the universe. Oh Lord may
Thou protect my house, being adored by me the guardian of my house.
May our domestic duties be performed free from idleness. May I live
for a hundred years day and night in the presence of God.

28. Oh God, the Lord of vows, pray grant me success in the
performance of the vows, which I have undertaken, and which I find
myself confident tc discharge. I reap as I sow.

29. Speak reverentially to the learned, the repository of know-
ledge. Speak sweetly and gently to your father, mother, teacher and the
Brahmchari. Exterminate all fiends and evil-minded persons in the
world.

30. Oh God remove from this world the demoniacal beings who
walk on the earth, dissembling their real intentions, who are immersed
in the attainment of their selfish aims, and are filled with evil ambitions.

31. In this world, let the wise and the learned enjoy, let them be
strong, healthy and pleased, according to their capacity. Let them be
happy, hale and hearty according to their resources.

32. Obeisance unto Yee, O Fathers, for the acquisition of happi-
ness and knowledge. Obeisance unto Yee, O Fathers for the removal of
misery and enemies. Obeisance unto Yee, O Fathers for longevity,
Obeisance unto Yee, O Fathers, for sovereignty, and display of justice.
Obeisance unto Yee, O Fathers, for the cessation of manifold calamities,

27. Our : Husband and wife. U^jfr means, according to Shri Jai Chand, Vidya
Alankar, not ^ift. A cart drawn by only one ox is called Scft. It can't work well. Just
as the cart drawn by two bullocks goes well without interruption, so should the household
affairs be performed through the joint deliberations of both the husband and wife, and not singly
and indtpendently. Swami Dayananda interprets the word as free from idleness.

28. God is the fulfiller of our vows. Whatever good or bad action a man performs,
he reaps accordingly the fruit thereof, and consequently becomes good or bad according to the
nature of his deeds. A man is the architect of his fate, as he sows so does he reap.

32. Fathers means the wise, the learned, the high souled, just, religious-minded,
philanthropic persons, who work for humanity, and are free from ignoble passions, selfish-
ness, and sordid motives.

The repetition of the words TO' is meant to indicate the different qualities of the
fathers. For fuller explanation see Swami Dayananda's Commentary , Ubbat, Mahidhar
and Griffith have interpreted ftcR"' as six seasons of the year.

36 YAJUR VEDA

obeisance unto yee, O Fathers, for righteous indignation. Fathers,
know our desire to acquire knowledge. Fathers, know our reverence
unto Ye is for your respect Fathers, come daily to our houses, and give
us instructions,

Fathers we always give unto yee, whatever we have.
We give yee these clothes, pray accept them.

33. Accept thou teacher, in the womb of thy discipleship, the
youth, with a garland of flowers in hand, eager for knowledge, so that he
may attain to full manhood.

34. Oh sons, please my parents and teachers by offering them
various juices, sweet waters, disease-dissipating articles, milk, clarified
butter, well-cooked food, and juicy fruits. Enjoy your own wealth, and
covet not the wealth of others.

33. Just as mother keeps the child in her womb, and slowly and gradually develops
its body by the use of proper diet and taking necessary precautions, so does a teacher, who
accepts a student in his discipleship, acting like a mother, develop the student physically,
intellectually, morally and spiritually by his teachings.

CHAPTER III

1. Oh learned persons, kindle the fire with the wood sticks, with
butter, set ablaze the fire, which is worthy of respect like a Sanyasi. Put
oblations in this fire of the yajna.

2. Put the oblations of ghee that removes physical infirmities, into
this well ablaze, disease-killing fire present in all objects.

3. We fan with sticks of wood and ghee the fire, that is powerful
in splitting all things, and burns intensely.

4. O beautiful fire, wood sticks soaked with ghee go unto thee
along with oblations. May thou accept my fuel put into thee.

5. I lay upon the back of the Earth upon which the learned per-
form yajna, which is like Heaven in plenty, and like Earth in grandeur,
for gain of eatable food, this food-eating fire, that pervades the Earth,
Ether, and Sky.

6. This Earth revolves in the L. space, _jt revolves with its mother
water in its orbit. It inc^ej^oun^t^fatherTlEc^TiL

7. The lustre of this fire, goes up and comes down in the space
like exhalation and inhalation in the body. This great fire displays
the Sun.

2. Ghee is clarified butter. Agni is called \ifffift<^ as it is present in every object
created.

3. Agni may mean God as well- In that case the verse will be interpreted thus. O God,
we glorify Thee through yoga and spiritual force. O Omnipotent God, Thou art Great and
Resplendent. Here *Tfr?V:P is yoga, and ^ is the spiritual force; flfo%*l means the powerful
God, Who unites and disunites all things in the world.

4. In this verse also 3ffR may mean God. The verse would then be interpreted thus.
O God, may my austerity, knowledge, worship and yoga, which contribute to my learning,
splendour and beauty, be accepted by Thee.

5. jjjj'tp ?*n mean (1) Earth, Ether, Sky or (2) Brahman, Kshatriya, Vaish or
(3) Subjects, offspring, cattle, or (4) Rig, Yaju, Sama. Mahidhara and Ubbat have ascribed
these meanings to these vayahritis. May I become plentiful like Heaven. As heaven is full of
stars, so I may he endowed with progeny and cattle. May I spread like the earth. As earth
gives shelter to many, so I may afford shelter to the distressed.

6. Water is the mother of Earth, as Earth is produced by the mixture of the particles
of water with its own particles, and remains pregnant with water. Sun is the father of the
Earth, as from the Sun, it derives all light and sustenance.

7. Lightning is the lustre of fire. Just as Praa and Apan go up and down in the body*
so does fire rise in the sky and then it comes down.

38 YAJUR VEDA

8. God's word rules supreme throughout the world. The Vedas
arc recited for acquiring the knowledge of God. We should resolutely
recite and understand the Vedas everyday with their illuminating
sayings.

9. Just as God gives the light of truthful speech to all human
beings, so does physical fire give light that illumines all substances.
Just as God inculcates knowledge in the souls of all, that man should
speak, as he feels in his heart, so does the Sun bring to light all physical
objects. Just as God reveals for humanity all the four Vedas, the store-
house of knowledge, so doesJSreJn_thc_shape_ ofjlightning^^exist in the
space, and become the source of rain and knowledge.

Just as God, through the Vedas displays all sciences, fire, and
lightning, so does the Sun develop our physical and spiritual forces.
Sun illumines all objects. God is self-Resplendent. This is the
manifestation of His Glory.

10. This enjoyable fire, in accompaniment with the recital of
Vcdic texts, mixed with God's creation and dark night, with flashes of
lightning pervades all objects.

This sun, mixed with God's creation and brilliant dawn, receives
the oblations put into the fire, and carries them to places far and wide.

11. Performing sacrifice, may we pronounce vedic texts, in praise
of God, who hears us from far and near.

12. Men should worship God alone, who is the Great and Supreme
Lord, who sustains the luminous Sun, and the non-luminous Earth, who
knows the formation of the vitality of waters.

13. Oh Electricity and Fire, I invoke Ye both for knowing your
attributes, for enjoying the pleasures of riches. Ye both are the givers
of desired sovereignty. Ye twain I invoke for consuming excellent food.

8. BttTgtiW according to Ubbat means the thirty parts gtftf of the day. According to
Mahidhar, it means the thirty days of the month. According to Swami Dayananda it means the
thirty three devatas, excluding the space (Antriksha), Sun, and Fire. The word 'thirty* realms'
means all the parts of the world. The number thirty is used indefinitely.

He!* means physical fire and God. TfltPmay mean speech and the word of God.

9. These are Agni Hotra Mantras for morning and evening.

12. *tlR means physical fire as well. Rishi Dayananda has given both the spiritual
and physical interpretations of this mantra. I have chosen the former where Agni means
God.

13. The proper application of fire and electricity in industries and machines, and full
knowledge of their attributes lead to the acquisition of wealth, enjoyment, worldly happiness
and greatness.

CHAPTER III 39

14. Ob God, in Thy creation, sacrificial fire, whose cause of birth
is air, burns in different seasons, and develops in all directions. Knowing
this, cause our riches increase.

15. In this world the instructors and the learned kindle in
serviceable yajnas, for mankind, the ubiquitous fire of extra-ordinary
qualities.

That fire is recognised by the regulators of sacrifice as worthy of
adoration, as the first means of the performance of a yajna, as the
receiver of sacrifice aad giver of happiness and scientific knowledge.

16. The learned, knowing the eternity, lustre, thousandfold service,
and usefulness of fire, get pure water from it.

17. Thou. God, art our bodies 1 protector. Protect Thou my body.

Giver of longevity art Thou, O God, Give me longevity.
Giver of splendour art Thou, O God, Give me splendour.
Remove, O God, all the defects of my body and soul.

18. Oh God, the Lord of manifold riches, may we, being free from
pride, enjoying long life, and practising forbearance, live for a hundred
years, praising Thee the Effulgent, the Eternal, the Forbearing, the Un-
conquerable, and the Killer of foes.

Through Thy kindness, being free from woes, may we attain to
happiness.

19. Oh God, Thou art full of splendour like the Sun, sung by the
sages with vedic verses, and O Thou full of power for protection May I
attain to long life, to splendour, to offspring, and abundant riches.

20. May I enjoy the life-bestowing food through the plants
and medicines that contribute to health and vigour. May I utilise the
science of air and water for the accomplishment of my deeds. May I
get the essence of food from milk, honey and fruits. May I enjoy the
abundance of good articles through objects full of manifold qualities.

15. Apnawana (TOSH) has been translated by Mahidhar, as a Rishi, belonging to the
Bhrigu family. There is no history in the Veda ; hence his interpretation is inadmissible.
Swami Dayananda translates Apnavana as a learned instructor who teaches his sons, and
Bhrigu as a wise person who knows how to perform a yajna.

16. When Havan is performed in the fire, the result is the raining of pure water on
the Earth.

18. Ubbat and Mahidhar translate firaratft as night, in which shine different stars and
darkness resides. Maharshi Dayananda translates it as God, in whom reside the manifold
riches of the world, and who is the source of all wealth.

40 YAJUR VEDA

21. Oh Vcdic speech, may thou remain in this altar in this yajnd,
in this spot and in this house. Remain here, and go not far from hence.

22. Oh universal vedic text, thou art full of vigour and valour,
may we attain unto thee, the master of the yajna. O God, may we
be in communion with Thee, everyday, morning and evening, bowing
unto Thee through our intellect.

23. May we worship God, Who is the Guardian of sacrifices,
Radiant, the Revealer of the vedas, and attained to complete redemption.

24. Oh God, Thou givest unto us knowledge, as a father to his son.
Unite us perpetually with pleasure.

25. Oh God, Thou art the Bestower on us of ears to hear goodness,
the Shelter of mankind, the Embodiment of the lustre of knowledge, and
real Omnipresence. Thou pervadest our soul. Thou art our Protector,
Our Benefactor, and possessest excellent nature, attributes and deeds.
Give us wealth most splendidly renowned.

26. O most pure, O radiant God, verily do we pray to Thee for the
happiness of our friends. Give us knowledge, listen to our praises and
prayers, and keep us far from every evil.

27. O God, may I get land for ruling over it, may I be endowed
with statesmanship. May noble desires reside in me. May I be the
centre of the fulfilment of all ambitions.

28. O God, the Guardian of the primordial vedas, make me, like the
son of a learned person, endowed with different capacities for the acquisi-
tion of knowledge, an imparter of instruction, and a fulfiller of the aim of
education.

29. God is rich and the dispeller of ignorance. He knows the true
nature of all things, and grants us physical and spiritual strength. He
is prompt. May he goad us to noble deeds.

30. O God, may not our knowledge of the Vedas ever perish. May
Thou preserve us from the violence of the uncharitable person.

21. Revati has been translated as wise policy by Swami Dayanandji. According to this
interpretation the Mantra may mean 'Oh -wise policy, 'Oh Statesmanship, may thou remain in
this abode, this fold, this spot and this dwelling. 'Remain just here and go not thence.'
Wi tq* I Shatapath 3-8-1421.

28. Ubbat and Mahidhar translate Kakshivant as a Rishi, whose mother was Ushik, and
father Dirghatama. This interpretation involving history is not apt, as the vedas are free
from historical references, due to their primordiality and eternity. Swami Dayananda translates
Ushik as the son of a learned person and Kakshivant as full of different capabilities! modes
and methods for the acquisition of knowledge.

CHAPTER III 41

31. God, may we get the great, wise and unassailable protection
of the three forces of nature, the water, the sun and the air.

32. Those who worship God are not molested by evil-minded foes
neither at home, nor upon pathways and battlefields. I become capable
of acquiring God and the sages.

33. They, the sons of indestructible matter, bestow eternal light
upon man for his life and death.

34. O God, Thou art the giver of happiness. If Thou dost not
bestow knowledge promptly on a charitable person, he again, O
Liberal Lord, does not attain to Thy bounty.

35. O Creator of the Universe I O All holy and worthy of
adoration ! May we meditate on Thy adorable self. May Thou guide our
understanding.

36. Oh God, may Thine immortal knowledge, wherewith Thou
guardest the learned in all directions, come close from all sides.

37. O God, friendly to the wise, do Thou protect my offspring. O
worthy of praise do Thou protect my cattle. O God, above all suspicion,
protect my food. O God, through Thy grace, in unison with the three
life-winds, Pran, Apan and Vyan, may I be rich in offspring, well-manned
with men, a hero with the heroes, and strong with wise and invigorating
deeds.

33. Aditi has been interpreted differently. It means (1) Earth (2) Matter (3) Veda
(4) Forces of Nature.

i frtfo i n

I 3To 6-5-2-5.
Ed according to Nighantu and Shatapath Aditi mean*

'They' refers to Mitra, Aryama and Varuna, i.e., the air, the sun and the water. They
are the sons of Matter, as they protect mankind from misery. 33 is one who helps his parents
in crossing the ocean of worldly miseries. As air, sun, and water help mankind to overcome
difficulties and physical infirmities, they are hence named as sons of Nature.

34. God is the giver of the fruits of our actions. If this be not so, man will never
systematically and according to Law, reap the fruits of his actions.

35. This is the Gayatri Mantra, the Lord's Prayer of the Aryans. This is considered
to be the best and most perfect form of prayer, as in it we pray not for one's selfish advance-
ment, but for the betterment of humanity. We pray not for things mundane, which we can
acquire through our intellect and understanding, but for the purification of our loftiest and
noblest gift, the wise understanding. We don't pray for bread, and physical objects and
comforts. Highest form of prayer is offered to God, the Highest Authority. This prayer is
perfect as it contains all the three elements of prayer, i.e., laudation, 'Fg^T supplication

and meditation

42 YAJUR VEDA

38. O, Ocean of Light, the Omniscient, the best knower of all the
worlds, and enjoyments may we well approach Thee. May Thou spread
for us splendour and strength in all directions.

39. Lord of our houses, O God, Thou art the best finder of riches
for our children, Thou art the protector of our hearths, and the com-
panion of the householders. Bestow splendour and strength on us.

40. This fire assists us in the accomplishment of our deeds. It is
rich, and furtherer of plenty. O God, the Giver of our comforts, bestow
splendour and strength upon us.

41. Fear not, nor tremble Ye, O householders. We, bearing strength,
come to Ye. May I bearing strength, intelligent and happy, rejoicing in
my mind, enjoy all pleasures and approach the householders.

42. We praise the householders, whom the guest staying far from
home remembers and whom he loves much. The loving householders
welcome us, the religious guests.

43. May we in this world get cows, goats, sheep and abundant
food in our houses. I come to you for safety and quietude, May I acquire
mundane and celestial joy and felicity.

44. We invocate the guests, who are delightful, free from ignorance,
removers of sins, eaters of the food well cooked, and full of knowledge.

45. May we forsake each sinful act that we have committed in
village or solitude, in an assembly or corporeal sense. Let every man so
resolve.

46. O God, protect us in battles, in this world, with the help of
heroes and destroy us not. O mighty hero, verily, as the vedic voice, re-

40. (Pareeshya) yffiQ has been translated by Ubbat and Mahidhar, as Master of the
cattle. Swami Dayananda translates it as helper in the doing of deeds, and giver of comforts.
It means water as well.

Vide Nighantu 1-12.
It also means earth, vide Shatapath 12-5-2-5.

41. We and I refer to the learned persons.

43 We and you refer to householders, and I to a learned person. SftfM used twice refers to
earthly happiness, and happiness after death.

44. The householders should always serve the learned, delightful, and pious guests who
are Atithis, i.e., whose date of coming is not fixed. Griffith following Mahidhar puts this
mantra in the mouth of the sacrificer's wife, who is first called upon to confess her infidelities,
if she has been guilty of any and to declare the name or names of her lover or lovers. After
confession or declaration of innocence, she is made to recite the text." This is humbug and
sheer nonsense.

45. Corporeal sense means by abuse of the mind, tongue, eye, ear or any other sensual
organ.

CHAPTER III 43

plete with noble virtues, offering oblations, displays the qualities of the
learned worshippers, so does the worshipper, put oblations into the fire,
which contribute to the happiness of mankind.

47. They, who with delightful vedic voice, working in cooperation,
perform their desired deeds, go to their comfortable house, after the com-
pletion of their task for the acquisition of noble virtues.

48. O purified through knowledge and righteousness, O patient
teacher of grammar, just as I a seeker after knowledge, and a firm gleaner
of wisdom, wash out the sin that I have committed through my senses
and the mortal body, so do thou O God, preserve me from tortuous sin.

49. The oblation full of cooked articles put into the fire, goes up to
the sky. and returns therefrom full of rain.

O God, Let us twain, like traders, barter our food and strength.

50. Give me this article and I will give you that in return. Keep
this as my deposit, I keep this as your deposit. Give me the cash price
for it. I give you the price demanded. Let people thus transact business
truthfully.

51. Thou chairman, just as comrades, luminous in themselves,
pleasing others, advanced in knowledge, with their sharpest intellect, do
verily praise God, and being regaled with nutritious diet, overcome
miseries, so do thou yoke thy vigour and prowess with them.

52. We revere Thee, O God of Bounty, Who art fair to see. Being
praised by us, O best companion, Thou fulfillest all our desires. O Lord,
yoke Thy vigour and prowess for us.

53. By reflecting on the merits of the learned, and following the

49. When we perform Homa, the oblation put into the fire, being rarefied goes up to th
sky, wherefrom, it comes back in the shape of rain. We two, the worshipper who performs the
Yajna, and the priest who officiates, barter our food and strength-giving articles, i.e , we put
these into the fire, and get. in return, rain, which gives us happiness, ripens our harvest of
grain and helps the growth of medicinal herbs. This process of giving and taking has been
described as a kind of bartering, as does a trader who gives articles, and takes cash in return.

50. In this verse, it is stated that all borrowing and lending, all sales and purchases, all
mortgages and deposits should be carried on in strict compliance with the principle of truth*
There should be no fraud and falsehood exercised in business. All dealings should be plain,
straightforward and true.

51. There ought to be full cooperation between the president of a society and its
members.

53. Lives of great-men teach us many lessons. We should learn from and profit by the,
experiences of great souls, and try to emulate them*

44 YAJUR VEDA

high principles of the elders, we strengthen our mind through non-
attachment.

54. May we get in future births again and again the mind, for
doing virtuous deeds, for acquiring strength, for longevity, and contem-
plation of God'for long.

55. O venerable elders, may this man endowed with godly qualities,
give us in this and the next life, intellect whereby we may enjoy a long
life and perform noble deeds.

56. O God, acting upon Thy Law, possessing mental self-conscious-
ness in healthy bodies, blest with progeny, let us enjoy happiness.

57. O learned person, the chastiser of the sinful and the unright-
eous, all these eatable things are for thee. Accept them with thy know-
ledge and vedic lore. O learned man, follow the Veda and the law of
Dharma. O learned person, accept the food worth eating which uproots
all diseases.

58. May we ward off all calamities by worshipping God, Who is
unchangeable in the past, presenr and future, chastises the sinners, and is
highly benevolent. Just as God makes us better housed, more prosperous,
and determined so may we adore Him.

59. O God, Thou art the healer of the physical, mental and spiri-
tual maladies. Heal, Thou the sufferings of cow, horse and all mankind.
Grant happiness to ram and ewe.

60. We worship the Omnipresent, Pure God, Who augments our

54, 55. Both the verses preach the transmigration of soul.

57. Ambika has been translated by Ubbat and Mahidhar as the sister of god Rudra.
Swami Dayananda translates it as vedic text, UTCJ has been interpreted by Ubbat and Mahi-
dhar as a mouse, on whose hole, a pudding is to be put. Maharshi Dayananda translates it as
a remover of diseases.

58. Triyambaka has been translated differently by various commentators, e.g., free
from the threefold sufferings, i e. physical^elemental and spiritual, and beyond the reach of
time, i.e., Past, Present and Future, or ruling over the three worlds.

Triyambaka is interpreted by Griffith as a name of Rudra as having three wives, sisters
or mothers, or Triocular, the Three Eyed God. Rishi Dayananda's interpretation is more
rational and significant. He interprets the word as God Who remains unchanged in the Past,
Present and Future.

39. The enumeration of a few animals like cow, horse, ram and ewe, is symbolic of the
animal kingdom. Praytr is offered for the happiness of mankind and animal world.

60. Just as a cucumber, when ripe, falls, full of sweetness, of its own accord, to the
ground, so should we die when we have spent our full age of at least one hundred years. Our
death should be easy, and natural, free from the protracted, and excruciating agonies of
death, to which several persons are subjected. We should in no case be deprived of our
immortal life through salvation, which is the aim of this worldly life.

CHAPTER III

physical, spiritual and social forces. Through His Grace may we be re-
leased from this mortal coil without the agony of death, as naturally as a
ripe cucumber is from its stem. Let us not be bereft of immortality. We
worship the Omnipresent, Pure God, Who grants us wisdom. Through
His Grace, may we be released easily from this world, as a ripe cucumber
is from its stem, but not from immortality.

61. O hero, the chastiser of enemies, and expert in the art of war,
with bow extended, with self-protecting trident, with full armour, with
grace and power, meet thy foes on the other side of the mountain. With
thy this power of protection, come to us, without causing us any harm.

62. May we be endowed with triple life, as a truth-seer sage, or the
custodian of knowledge through the grace of God, is endowed with, or as
the learned persons enjoy triple life.

63. O God, Thou art certainly the Embodiment* of grace, self-
Existent, our Father, obeisance be to Thee. Harm me not. I approach
Thee for long life, for nice food, for progeny, for riches in abundance, for
noble children, and for heroic vigour.

62. 5Zn*pn3[ means three times the ordinary span of life, i.e., three times a hundred years.
May we live for 300 years or more, like the sages of yore. ^ll^VH may al^o mean the three
stages of life, boyhood, youth and old age, or Brahmacharya, Griha^tha and Vanaprastha
Ashramas.

CHAPTER IV

1. May we, on this earth, where reside happily all the learned

persons, be able to revere the sages

May we acting on the teachings of the Rig, Sam and Yajur Vedas, end
all our miseries. May we rejoice in food and growth of riches. These
pure, disease-killing waters be gracious to me. May the herbs protect me
Thou armed king, harm not the worshipper.

2. May waters, like mother, purify our bodies. May the waters
purified by clarified butter, purify us through rain. Pure waters remove
all our physical imperfections.

May I advance in life, being bright and pure through waters. Through
celibacy and absteniousness may I possess a body, healthy, comfortable,
excellent, beautiful and strong.

3. O Sun, thou bringest rain on different parts of the earth. Giver
of splendour art thou } bestow on me the gift of splendour. The disperser
of cloud art thou with thy brilliance. The giver of eye art thou. Give
we the gift of vision.

4. Purify me, the Lord of Purity. Purify me, the Lord of knowledge,
Purify me, the Lord of the Vedas.

O Lord, Creator of the universe, purify me, through sun-beams and
thy immortal purifying knowledge.

O Master of the purified souls, may I full of lofty sentiments accom-
plish the desire actuated by which, through your grace, I purify myself.

5. O sages, we admire your praiseworthy qualities, during the
performance of this happy sacrifice. O sages, we beg of you the fulfilment
of our desires pertaining to the sacrifice.

6. O men, just as I actively and wisely commence performing
the sacrifice, with vedic texts, with cultured tongue, with wisdom-
teaching voice, with a tongue full of sweetness and truth, in an orderly
and well-directed way, with the help of the extended firmament, Earth,
sky and air, so do Ye.

2. Ghee when used in Havan, purifies the rain, and water, which in turn purifies our
bodies, and removes our physical infirmities and defects.

3. Sun gives light to the eyes, so he is addressed as giver of eyes.

6. A sage or a learned person says this to ordinary householders and men of the world.

CHAPTER iV &

^. We perform the yajna for resolution for good religious acts,
for kindling fire, for the propagation of the Vedas, for the development
of wisdom, for the enhancement of knowledge, for utilizing lightning,
for philanthropy, for following the laws of Dharma, for austerity, for
digestive faculty, for learning and teaching, for eloquent and weighty
speech, for worshipping rightly God, for purifying gastric juice, and for
practising Truth.

Ye, meritorious, all-beneficial divine waters, Ye Heaven and Earth
and spacious air between them, we serve with Oblation.

8. May every mortal man seek the friendship of the Guiding God.
May we all have recourse to the use of arms for the acquisition of due
wealth. May every man acquire riches and become strong through wise
deeds.

9. After the study of the Rig and Yajur Vedas, I commence using
their scientific aspLCts, i.e., theoretical and practical. They protect m?
in this yajna, in which vedic texts are recited. O yajna, thou art
happiness, give me happiness ; here are these oblations of corn for thee ;
forbear to harm me.

10. O learned person, may mechanical science, perfected by the
application of fire, the giver of light, bestow strength on me. It is the
guardian of manifold objects, giver of happiness to the learned, the
mechanic, and the source of prosperity, make the crops produce abundant
grain through its aid. O learned person, depend on thyself for
advancement. Protect me from the misery of sin. Accomplish this
yajna with the recitation of vedic texts.

11. Take a vow. God is Agni. Yajna is Agni. God, the Guardian
of our soul, is fit for worship. For the attainment of an ideal, I long
for divine, pleasant, radiant intelligence that unites me with God. May
that intelligence, that makes me happily cross the ocean of this mundane
existence, be within my control.

May the philosophic, meditative and energetic sages urge us on to
noble deeds, may they be our protectors. We invoke them from the
inmost recesses of our heart.

9. The two aspects of the vedas may be Karma and Jnan Kand, the practical and
theoretical sides.

God may also be addressed as yajna, then TO will mean obeisance ; and 3rf will mean
shelter. God affords shelter to all.

48 VAJUR VEDA

12. O men, the waters that we have ,lrunk, staying within our
belly, give us peace, riches, freedom from consumption, disease, and pangs
of hunger and thirst. They are the strengthened of our true knowledge,
full of divine qualities, and undying flavours. May they be pleasant to
your taste.

13. O learned man, just as this sacrificial body of thine, protects
the vital breaths and the people, and thou forsakest it not, so do I not
forsake it without enjoying the full span of life. Just as disease curing
and pure waters flow on the earth, so shouldst thou live in the world
wisely ; and so do I.

14. The fire, which keeps us active in our wakeful state, makes us
take joy in most refreshing sleep. It protects us free from idleness and
casts away the idlers. We should use this fire properly which deals with
us again and again.

15. I get back after rebirth mind, life, bre.ith, soul, eyes and ears.
May God the Leader of all, Non-violent, Omniscient, Guardian

of our souls, save us from misfortune and sin.

16. O God, Thou art the Guardian of sacred vows among mankind.
Thou art meet for praise at holy rites. O Giver of Splendour, Come
unto us, grant us wealth, give us more. God, the Creator, the Giver of
wealth, gives us riches.

17. O learned person, this body thou hast got and reared is for
the meditation of God and sacrifice. Through this body, being vigorous,
gain splendour and lustre. Be active through knowledge.

18. O resplendent God, in this world created by Thee, may I obtain
mastery over the vast power of speech. O Speech, thou art pure, pleasant
and dear to the sages.

12. ^T31: may be translated as givers of peace, vide Shatapath 3-9-4-16. Swami
Dayananda has translated it as givers of knowledge and wealth.

14. Agni may mean God as well. The mantra will then be interpreted thus. O God,
Thou art ever wakeful, but we are sleeping in ignorance. Protect us unceasingly. Awake
us again and again for the acquisition of true knowledge. Agni may mean Pran i.e., vital
breaths. Pran also is wakeful while all other senses go to sleep. These vital breaths protect
us, and restore us consciousness after t-leep.

15. Man regrets after rebirth and the creation of the universe , his physical and mental
faculties. This mantra clearly demonstrates the doctrine of th; Transmigration of soul, and
the creation of the universe-after each cycle, Kalpa.

16. Agni can be interpreted as fire as well. The second interpretation with Agai
meaning fire has been given by Swami Dayananda in his commentary. The mantra is clear, with
Agni substituted for fire in place of God.

18. Shwatra means both speech and lightning.

IV 4

19. O Speech, thou art thought, mind, intelligence, giver of
knowledge and victory ; thou art power, worthy of worship, immortal, and
double-headed. May thou give us comfort in the past and future. May
breath, the strength giving friend of time advance thee in knowledge,
and guard thy pathways for God, whose eye is over all.

20. O man, may thy mother, thy father, thy own brother, and
thy friend of the same society grant thee leave to tread on the path
ordained by God.

O speech, for the acquisition of splendour, may thou unite with
God, the Prompter of all. May the Celibate student choose thee.

May thou, O man, happily acquire again and again this speech, the
friend of the learned.

21. O speech, thou art all-pervading, eternal, lustrous, sublime and
pleasant. The learned person uses thee for happiness. The sage, the
chastiser of the wicked longs for thee along with other educated persons.

22. O speech, I use thee in the heights of sky and the sacri-
ficial places on the Earth. Thou art the preserver of vedic verses. May
thou be enriched with high knowledge. May thou rest in us. May thou
be united to us. Thou art rich. May I be full of riches. Let us not be
deprived of abundant riches. May splendour reside in thee full of
understanding.

23. O speech, I praise thee with divine, ignorance-removing and
penetrating intelligence. End not my life. I will not through ignorance
spoil thee. O vedic text, in thy protection, may I be blessed with
heroism.

19. Speech has been spoken of as double headed, as its one part gives us the knowledge
of external objects, and the other part of internal ones ; or speech makes us cognisant of internal
pain and pleasure and external occurrences ; or the external organs like eyes etc. represent its
one face, and the internal organ, the mind, the other.

^JSltft and 'yytfW may also mean that speech helps us in mastering the external problems
that come before us, and solving the subtle questionings of the soul.

Mitra may also mean the soul, which binds the speech to God, (<jft) as it is through the
persuasion of our soul, that we sing the glory and praises of God. 3TSFT: means the path of
knowledge and yoga which leads us to God. There is another interpretation as well of this
mantra, with lightning fot^ instead of speech 3Tft as its devata.

22. The sacrificial places mean the places where the wise and the learned perform
yajnas on this earth by the recitation of vedic verses.

Speech is the protector and preserver of the vedic verse*, as by their recitation and
memorisation they are preserved.

23, A king prays for strength,

50 YAJUR VEDA

24. O learned person "This is thy share of the sacrifice allied
with Gayatri verses" so may he say unto me a student of science. This
is thy share of the sacrifice allied with Trishtup verses/ so may he say
unto me, the seeker of the essence of things. This is thy share of the
sacrifice allied with verses in Jagati metre/ so may he say unto me a
student of science. 'May thou attain to sovereignty detailed in vedic-
verses in all other metres/ May he thus preach the art of kingship
unto me, full of affluence, O learned persons, just as ye are our purifying
preachers, so am I your worthy disciple, endowed with virtues and
wealth. May ye develop me and this sacrifice (yajna) as well.

25. I adore God, the Creator of the Earth and Sky, the Source of all
Knowledge, the Embodiment of Splendour, the Sustainer of all the
beautiful planets, the Centre of love, the object of praise by the Vedas,
and their Revealer. His lofty effulgent Self is divulged in the created
world. He has fixed the bright sun and the moon in their conduct. He
is the wisest Actor. His mercy grants us happiness. O God I worship
Thee as Bestower of happiness on mankind. May all mortals enjoy life,
through Thee. May Thou grant life to all human beings.

26. In the yajna, we should please the learned performer by
offering him cash and kind. May the praiseworthy brilliance of the sun
make me strong through its thousandfold abundance. O wise person,
may we also obtain the riches, which thou hast secured through thy rule
over the earth. Just as I accomplish the sacrifice through noble, pure
sentiments, earn gold with gold, attain to salvation through immortal
knowledge, so may thou.

27. O king, famous for eloquence, brilliance, enmity to fraud,
antagonism to the thoughtless, pleasing manners, dexterity, defeating the
designs of the ill-minded, friendship, and the art of befriending others,
with longing for delight, come into us.

May thou, with a beautiful and healthy body, and endowed with all
cherished objects, enjoy enviable happiness. These intelligent and faith-
full subjects and servants, who all round protect you, should be protected
by you to ward off your enemy from doing injury unto you.

24. A learned person asks another learned person 'What is the share of the sacrifice
allied with vedic verses in Gayatri, Trishtup and Jagati metres. His answer is embodied in
this mantra 'He' refers to the learned person. Vedic verses in different metres like Gayatri,
Trishtup, Jagati and Ushnik etc. are recited during the performance of a yajna.

Ft. Jai Chand, Vidya Alankar of Ajmere, has in his commentary translated Gayatri as
alluding to the Brahmanas, Trishtupa to the Kshatriyas and Jagati to the Vaishas.

CHAPTER IV 51

28. Oh God, dissuade me from sin, and establish me firmly in
righteousness. May I enjoy the pleasures of final beatitude by leading a
long and virtuous life.

29. May we tread the path free from sin, and full of delight, by
which a wise man overcomes all carnal pleasures, and gathers wealth.

30. O God, Thou art the protector of the Earth, O Mighty Lord,
Thou fixed the Earth in its Orbit. Thou Controllest the Sun. Thou
hast created the beautiful sky. O Lord of all, thou fixest in space all
the worlds. All these are the works of Him alone, so do we know.

31. We should worship God, who hast created the sky over the
forests, put speed in horses, milk in cows, intellect in hearts, gastric juice
in men, sun in heaven, and medicinal plants like Soma in the mountains.

32. O God, where resplendent through Thy qualities of knowledge,
Thou art known by the learned, and where Thou Greatest lustrous eyes,
the instruments for seeing the sun and fire, there we worship Thee.

33. Let man and woman, who study the vedas kill not their
heroes, are limited in resources, be ever joyous, who live together and
are fit to bear the burden of domestic life, be united together in married
life. May such couples visit the houses of religious persons and give
them happiness.

34. O learned man, the Lord of Earth, thou art my gracious
helper. Fly happily to all the stations in our well overhauled aeroplane.
Doing so, let not thieves, robbers, and malignant opponents meet thee.
Fall like a falcon upon such foes. Go to the houses of religious persons,
situated in distant parts of the world.

30. The Mantra can similarly be interpreted for sun and air instead of God. Maharshi
Dftyananda has given two interpretations to this verse, one for God, and the other for sun and
air.

31. The creation of the sky over mountains means the pouring of rain over them for
their growth.

32. God is universal and ubiquitous so He should be worshipped everywhere. He has
created everywhere the sun, fire, and eyes, and so He is adorable by us at all places.

33. Mahidhar and Ubbat have referred this mantra to a pair of oxen. Maharshi
Dayananda uses SRJ^in place of 3R^ the usual text as observed in al I edition**. *H5^ has been
translated by Rishi Dayananda 3l3Slfa^i.e., limited. Mahidhar translates Uff^ as those who
weep not.

34. In this verse, we are instructed to construct aeroplanes, and visit thereby the
distant places of the world, add to our wealth by commerce, keep our foes away, and lead a
happy and comfortable life,,

52 YAJUR VEDA

35. Do homage unto God, the Friend of all, Ever Pure, and Res-
plendent. Worship the true nature of the Mighty God. Sing praises
unto God, the Purifier of all radiant objects, the Omniscient, the Embodi-
ment of virtues, and the Exhibitor of distant objects.

36. O God, Thou art the Director of this fine world ; the Creator
of objects dependable on air, and the Force inherent in the sun for the
motion of waters, the stay and support of all excellent objects. O Lord,
Thou makest us reach the destination of true and high knowledge.

37. O God, just as learned persons, utilize Thy created objects by
Oblations, so should we utilize all of them. Thy Yajna is the advancer
of our progeny, wealth and houses, dispeller of diseases, bestower of
heroes, remover of the idlers and cowards from amongst us, and giver of
happiness in manifold ways, may that conduce to our benefit. O learned
persons, may ye perform this yajna, and live happily in your houses.

CHAPTER V

1. Oh oblation, thou art the body of fire, I accept thee for the com-
pletion of sacrifice. Thou art the material of all the created objects in
the universe, I use thee for the purification of air. Thou art the source
of reception of the unexpected guest, I accept thee for the acquisition of
knowledge. Thou art fast in speed like the falcon, I put thee into the
fire, I accept thee, the source of happiness for the learned and active
worshipper. I accept thee as giver of wealth, knowledge, action and all
noble qualities.

2 O Yajna, thou art the creator of fire. Ye (sun and air) are the
cause of rain. Thou art the source of manifold comforts, the giver of
life, and the instrument for preaching the shastras.

O fire I kindle thee with the verses in Gayatri metre, with the
verses in Trishtup metre, and with the verses in Jagati metre.

3. O teacher and disciple, be ye for us of the same one thought,
free from sin, and conversant with the knowledge of the vedas. Harm
not the sacrifice, harm not the sacrifice's lord, the worshipper. Be kind
to us this day.

4. The learned disciple of the experts in vedic lore, the protector
against violence, the master of the science of electricity, the giver of
pleasure, the expositor of the different branches of knowledge, and the
enemy of indolence, enjoys life happily. He, endowed with noble quali-
ties, grants us in this world knowledge and provisions for performing
Havan. Let us go to such a man.

5. O God, Thou art my Protector against violence. I take Thee as
my Sovereign Lord, as the Guardian in all directions, as the Giver of
sound body, as the Embodiment of strength, and the Securer of valiant
soldiers.

Through God's grace, may I easily attain to truth and invincible,
irresistible, inviolate and invulnerable strength of the learned. Set me
O God on the path of virtue.

1. The performance of Havan, by means of fft: 'oblation* of clarified butter and
'provisions 1 contributes to our wisdom, knowledge, activity and good qualities.

2. Verses in Gayatri, Trishtup and Jagati metres are recited when fire is ignited in a
yajna.

5. This mantra has been interpreted by Swami Dayananda Saraswati for lightning ai

54 YAJUR VEDA

6. O God, Thou art the Guardian of religious vows, may I be com-
petent to fulfil my vows under Thy guidance. May Thy vast power rule
over me, and may my power remain under Thee. O Protector of the
vedas, may our pledge of continence be fulfilled in toto. May the Lord of
Consecration, persuade me for initiation. May the Lord of penance induce
me to take a vow of austerity.

7. O resplendent God, may Thy each pervading force advance the
glorious soul, that longs for the sole wealth of knowledge. May the soul
glorify Thee, may Thou advance the soul. May Thou, Friend to all,
advance us by means of God-reaching intelligence. O Mighty God, May
I attain with pleasure to Thy beatitude.

May we obtain the longed-for wealth for food and success. Let us
receive truth from those whose speech is truthful. Let as receive food
from Heaven and Earth.

8. O fire, thy force which is present in metals like gold, in all the
spheres like the sun and in lightning; is vast and deep. It creates an
awful and formidable sound ; and is powerful to emit invigorating utter-
ances. That force is present in every object.

9. O fire, for me thou art the home of all fixed objects. For me
thou art the gathering place of wealth. Protect me from dictatorship.
Protect me from fear.

May physical fire attain to water in the space. May fire with the
names of Angira and Ayu approach us. The fire which is in the Earth,
I kindle with its inviolate, holy lustre in the yajna.

May physical fire attain to water in the space. May fire with the
names of Angira and Ayu approach us. The fire which is in the space,
I kindle with its inviolate, holy lustre in the yajna.

May physical fire attain to water in the space. May fire with the
names of Angira and Ayu approach us. The fire which is in the sky,
I kindle with its inviolate, holy lustre in the yajna.

May we utilize the sacrificial fire for the acquisition of good
qualities.

10. O speech, thou pronouncest words and overawest foes, attain to
the learned. O speech, thou art the dispeller of ignorance, and remover

6. *ft (Our) refers to the vows of celibacy and cootinaoce taken by the teacher and the
disciple. JftQT means initiation into a sacred vow.

9. Fire is named Angira, as it pervades all the organs of the body. It is named Ayu,
as it is the giver of heat and life. Without it there can be no life or existence.

CHAPTER V 55

of evils, purify the religious-minded people. O speech, thou art the
destroyer of ignoble character and the subduer of mean demeanour,
aborn thyself for the well-behaved learned persons.

11. O speech, may the teaching of God's revealed vedas, protect
thee in the east with Vasu Brahmcharis, may the highly intellectual people
guard thee in the west with the Rudra Brahmcharis ; may the deep
thinkers protect thee in the south with the wise, may the learned
persons guard thee in the north with Aditya Bramcharis.

Let us banish from our sacrifice, i.e., soul and body, the hot un-
healthy water, anger, anxiety and anguish.

12. O speech, thou art the dispeller of ignorance. O speech,
hallowed by astronomy, remover of the weakness of ferocity, thou des-
cribest the twelve months of the year. Thou, attained to by the seekers
after God and the vedas, by the heroes expert in military science, art
the remover of unwisdom. Thou art the remover of thieves and robbers,
and the giver of noble offspring, and abundant wealth. Thou art the
killer of all miseries. Endowed with knowledge, thou makest the
worshipper obtain good qualities.

I utilise thee through sacrifice (yajna) for the good of humanity.

13. Oh learned people ye should develop the yajna. which is firm
and develops the objects residing on the earth, which confers happiness
and imparts the knowledge of sacred lore and develops the dwellers in
the air, which affords shelter to indestructible objects, and diffuses
knowledge ; which replenishes lightning and the beasts.

14. The sages, who consecrate their soul to Him, concentrate
their mind and intellect upon God, who is Omnipresent, Omnipotent, and
Omniscient. They sing His praises in various ways. He is the sole
Knower of all good acts, and self-existing. Great is the praise of Him,
the Creator and Seer of all. He is the preacher of Truth.

15. He who pervades the animate and the inanimate worlds, has

11. Speech means vedic text

12. Just as the science of astronomy explains the creation of the twelve months of the
year by the motion of heavenly bodies, so does speech describe the creation, and climatic
nature of these twelve months.

13. The yajna contributes to the growth of inmates of the earth and air by purifying
the air and water and growing corns and grass for the use of men and animals. It adds to
our knowledge by the recitation of the Vedic texts which accompany it.

15. ifw may refer to Satva, Rajas and Tamas. Gcd exhibits his might in the world in
these three forms. It may also refer to earth, air and sky. It may also refer to sun full of
brightness, to earth devoid of light, and minute atoms.

56 YAJUR

created the visible and invisible worlds, and has established His dignity in
three ways. His invisible form is hidden in the space. He is worthy of
worship by all.

16. O, Omnipresent God, Thou preservest on all sides, with know-
ledge, this earth, rich in nice food, rich in good milch-kine, and full of
elements and compounds. Thou preservest the vedic speech and the
created-world. We all implore for the whole world to Him, who is
All-knowing and chastiser.

17. O man and woman, having acquired knowledge from the learned,
proclaim amongst the wise the fact of your intention of entering the
married life. Attain to fame, observing the noble virtue of non-violence,
and uplift your soul. Shun crookedness. Converse together happily.
Living in a peaceful home, spoil not your life, spoil not your progeny. In
this world, pass your life happily, on this wide earth full of enjoyment.

18. I describe the mighty deeds of Omnipresent God, Who unifies
the different parts of the physical cause of the universe, Who preaches
all truths through the Vedas, Who creates the three-fold worlds in the
space, Who keeps under His control matter the highest cause, and Who
is resorted to for worship. O God, I hastily seek Thy shelter, Who is
Ever-Blissful.

19. O Omnipresent God, fill both of our hands with riches from all
sources like electricity, earth, and vast wide air's mid-region. Grant us
pleasures from the right and the left. We worship Thee for the know-
ledge of yoga.

20. God, in whose three-fold world reside all created objects, is
praised for His power, like a dceadful, mountain-roaming tiger, that kills
the despicable beings. He punishes the sinners, and preaches to all the
vedic knowledge.

21. O World thou art created by God, O animate and inanimate
objects ye are the two-fold pure .powers of God, O Air, thou art wide-
spread through God's strength. O soul, thou art ever immortal through

20. This verse means, just as a lion keeps under his control other beasts, so does God
regulate all the created worlds. The adjectives used in the verse are applicable to God aa
well. He is ijiT : as he controls all living being*. He is ifta* as all men are afraid of Him.
He is f^SK: as He chastises all the sinful and wicked people. He is flrffar. as He is sung and
praised in the vedas. SR3, TSffi and flTTO are the three-fold varieties of creation, or Earth,
Sky and Space, constitute the three-fold world in which all living creatures have their
habitation.

21. In this verto a learned man speaks to an ordinary person to follow him, and do at
he does.

CHAPTER V 57

God's grace. O complete universe, thou art created by God. O man I
ordain thee to worship the All-pervading God.

22. O man, just as I perform the sacrifice fyajna) in this world of
God, the Creator of the universe, by the force and strength of vital
breaths, and the earth's power of attraction and retention, so do thou.
Just as I observe the details of the performance of the sacrifice, so do thou.
Just as I cut the necks of the sinners and punish them, so do thou. Just
as I through this yajna, attain to eminence, and become a big preacher
of the vedas, so do thou. Just as I preach to the king the lofty teachings
of the vedas. so do thou.

23. O learned man, just as I with the aid of vedic speech, the
Killer of fiends and infuser of strength, perform the invigorating
sacrifice, so do thou. Just as my wise, and able man, expert in the
science of yajna, performs the sacrifice or unearths this place to test it
geologically, so shouldst do thy man.

Just as I a geologist resort to strength-giving agriculture and the
science of geology, so do thou. Just as my equal and unequal man
geologically digs a place, so shouldst do thy man. Just as I a learner and
teacher, perform the sacrifice, the giver of soul-force or practise this act
of reading and teaching, so do thou. Just as my similar or dissimilar
companion regularly performs this sacrifice so shouldst do thine.

Just as I, the friend of all, perform this yajna, the giver of kindly
power, or have recourse to the science of geology, so do thou.

Just as my contemporary or non-contemporary performs this noble
deed, so shouldst ever do thine.

Just as I perform noble and virtuous deeds, so do thou.

24. O king, thou art self-effulgent, hence thou art the conqueror

23. Swami Day ananda translates Rmf^ as infuser of strength, Ubbat and Mahidhar
translate the word as the killer or remover of I5HT I ttft is translated as bones, hair, and nails
buried in the ground as magic to do injury to an opponent. This verse is interpreted for
digging out and removing that magical charm. A story has been coined by Mahidhar, that
the Rakshsaa were defeated by Indra, and they buried the magical charm i.e., WSfTT underneath
the ground one hand deep. To me this interpretation appears irrational, as the vedas are
free from historical references, being the eternal word of God, given to mankind in the begin-
ning of creation.

Swami Dayananda rightly interprets ^WI3HH as forceful vedic speech. The underlying
spirit of the verse is that one should follow the rule of conduct of the learned and not the
ignorant.

fWR? means equal in wealth, position and knowledge and IIWJH: are those who differ
in these things.

58 YAJUR VEDA

of foes. Thou art renowned in sacrifices, hence thou art the subduef
of the proud enemies. Man's ruler art thou, hence thou art the slaye*
of fiends. All ruler art thou, hence thou art the killer of foes.

25. O members of an Assembly, just as ye are the removers of
miseries, so I, the diffuser of the force of foes, having paid my homage
to ye, devoted people, set right these proud people by arms in the battle.
Just as ye are the killers of the sinners, so I, the scanner of the forces
of the enemy, having made ye, devoted people, comfortable, turn aside
the ignoble people. Just as I, the arranger of the troops indifferent
orders, fill with ease, ye, the destroyers of foes and performers of sacri-
fices, so do ye. Just as ye the killers of foes and acquirers of strength,
receive the worshipper and the learned priest, so do I. Just as ye the
destroyers of foes, and acquirers of strength, know through reasoning
the ways of the learned, and the knowledge pertaining to God, so should
I. Just as ye all are worshippers of All pervading God, so am I.

26. O learned man, in this world created by the happinsss-bestow-
ing God, I receive thee with the force and strength of vital breaths, and
the arm and power of punishment of a fully developed hero.

Protecting this world, I behead the sinners, Thou hast the power
of imparting virtue and removing vice. Remove from us our haters and
enemies. For the exposition of Truth, for flying in air, for consolidating
our material forces, we seek thy refuge.

This is the abode of the learned. May all who reside near them
make themselves pure. O woman thou also behave likewise.

27. O highly learned man, just as air with its definite strength,
and vital breaths moves thee, so kindly discriminate for us the light of
knowledge from ignorance ; fill full the space, and preaching noble vir-
tues on Earth, strengthen delights. Strengthen the knowledge of the
Vedas, strengthen our kingdom, strengthen our age, aud strengthen our
offspring. I consider thee as the source of spiritual knowledge, earthly
power, and vast riches.

25. In this verse a learned man addresses the members of an assembly or Parliament.
The gist of this verse is that through the worship of God, having acquired physical and spiritual
strength, and subduing our foes, we should rule peacefully and calmly.

26. A king addresses a learned man in this verse. We should purify ourselves in the
company of the learned.

27. Here too a king addresses the learned person.

To fill the space full means to enable us to fly freely in the air.

CHAPTER V 59

28. O wife of the worshipper, just as thou with thy offspring and
cattle, art firm in thy resolution, in this world ; so should this husband
of thine be determined in his purpose. Both of you should fill the
Heaven and Earth with fragrance of clarified butter.

Thou art the guardian of glory, and the shelter of all people.

29. O Adorable God, may all my praises be directed unto Thee.
O God, wise like the aged, may my lovable ever increasing praises be
soft and sweet.

30. O God, Thou unitest the soul with Thee, Thou art the re-
fuge of the soul, Thou art the friend of the soul. Thou art the receptacle
of all noble virtues.

31. O God Thou art Omnipresent, and fit to take the burden of
the world. Just as fire carries up in a rarefied form the articles put into
it, so dost Thou diffuse all knowledge. Thou art All-knowing, and
Thou Teacher of all, Thou art Omniscient, and Developer of wisdom.

32. O God, Thou art Effulgent, Wise, hostile to the sinners, ene-
my of thraldom, the Unifier and Protector of all. Thou art fit for service
by us. Thou art Pure and Purifier. Thou art a Just Ruler ; and the Prop of
the weak. Thou art adored in Assemblies. Thou art the Giver of holiness,
the Chastiser of thieves and robbers and Bestower of joy. Thou givest
us strength to endure pleasure and pain ; and grantest us splendour.
Thou art the abode of Truth, and Giver of lustre to the sky.

33. O God, Thy knowledge is fathomless. Thou art Omnipresent,
and Unborn. Thou boldest the universe with a part of Thy Energy.
Thou art the Master of all forms of knowledge ; and the Source of
Universe. Thou art the highest Teacher 5 and full of splendour, Thou
art the asylum of all. Ye two gates of knowledge do not distress me. O
Lord of religious paths, lead me onward, through religious ways. May I
be happy in this God-reaching path.

34. O learned persons full of knowledge and inculcations, look

28. Husband and wife are asked to perform the yajna daily, and fill the heaven and
earth with the fragrant smell of ghee used in it.

,33. qqntf^ may also mean, the one and sole protector. The two gates of knowledge are
external and internal happiness, i.e., physical and mental ease. If one's physical health
is lost, he can't advance his knowledge, and same is the case when one's mental peace is
disturbed. These are the two sources for the acquisition of knowledge. A devotee prays
for physical and mental health. Lord of religious path is the learned person who shows
the true path. God -reach ing path is the path of salvation, on which the wise and th$
learned tread.

60 YAJUR VEDA

upon me with the eye of a friend. May ye preach knowledge. O learned
people protect me with your air-force and renowned army, that make
the enemy weep. O learned person fill me with wisdom and virtues,
and guard me on all sides. Unto thee be my adoration. Do not
injure me.

35. O Splendid God, Thou art the light and fine illuminator of
all the learned persons. Thou art the controller of the sins committed
by us and others, and those who practise hatred. Let the man possess-
ing a fine home, good speech and vast knowledge know the vedas.

36. O God, the Master of all, and the Giver of all kinds of
happiness, and the knower of all of our actions and thoughts, lead us to
salvation through the path of virtue. Keep away from us all crooked
sins. We offer Thee most ample obeisance.

37. May this General, the queller of the sinners like fire, give us
protection. This General expert in military skill, should in the battle
first attack and subdue the wicked foes. May he win all wars. May he
conquer foes. May he come out successful in combats, issuing necessary
administrative orders.

38. O General, attack the enemy with full force > and give ample
room for our abode. O learned General, just as fire assimilates ghee and
burns brightly -, so shouldst thou develop thy virtues and shine in battles.
Just as priests protecting the worshipper make him overcome all
calamities, so shouldst thou with thy oratory win battles.

39. O learned person, the propagator of all kinds of knowledge
and full of splendour, this is thy glory, protect it, let jtione harm thee.
O king, the giver of happiness, and leader of men on the path of virtue,
and hence well established in the diffusion of knowledge, go thou to the
sages. Abiding by this advice, just as I deliver the wise persons from
the noose of the despicable knaves ; so shouldst thou.

40. O learned teacher, thou art the guardian of my vow. Let thy
vast knowledge be mine. Let my learning be subordinate to thee. Let
my wisdom depend upon thine. O Lord of vows, let our vows of noble
conduct be accomplished friendly. O lord of initiation, teach me truth.
O lord of austerity, teach me to lead an austere life.

39. The verse is a kind of dialogue between a learned person and a king* The
learned person advises a king to seek the company of the learned, and the king replies that
he protects the wise and the learned from the baneful influence of the wicked parson*.

40. The disciple addresses the teacher. Our refers to the disciple and the Guru.

CHAPTER V 61

41. O learned person, mayest thou be conversant with all branches
of knowledge, for the vast development of learning. Give us happiness.
Drink thou the water, the precursor of whifch is lightning. Just as I
make the worshipper overcome all obstacles, so shouldst thou be totally
free from all ills, by the regular performance of Havan.

42* O learned botanist, just as thou shun nest the foolish and
seekest the company of the wise, so may I avoid the company of the
enemies of the wise, and go to the wise. May I approach thee more
learned among the learned but the humblest among the humble. Just as
the learned long for thee for the acquisition of good qualities, so do I.
Just as medicinal herbs, rendered fit for the yajna protect all, so do we
for sacrifce hail thee, the remover of diseases, and the assuager of
affliction.

O learned person, just as I do not want to spoil this yajna, so
shouldst thou not*

43. Just as I gaze not at the sun, so shouldst thou not. Just as I
disturb not the proper arrangement of things, so shouldst thou not. Just
as I live on the earth in a spirit of friendliness towards all, so shouldst
thou.

As a well-sharpened axe, gives splendour by the removal of enemies,
so may this grant thee glory.

O happy learned person, the master of forests, may thy dynasty
increase, just as a tree does with its hundred roots. May our progeny
increase in numbers, just as a tree does with its manifold boughs.

41. A priest addresses a learned person. Lightning flashes before it begins to rain.
It is the precursor of rain. Rain-water is the purest form of water. This verse is identical
with verse thirtyeight of this chapter. The charge of repetition is unfounded as both the
verses have different meanings.

42. A disciple addresses a teacher ; or a seeker after knowledge addresses a learned
person*

43. This is a dialogue between a learned person and a worshipper.

CHAPTER VI

1. O king, just as the wise and aged persons, in this world, created
by the Effulgent God, accept thee, with the force and strength of vital
breaths, and attraction and retention of breath, the source of strength ;
so do I.

Just as I cut the throats of the sinners, so shouldst thou.

Oking, thou hast the power of imparting virtue and removing vice,
remove from us our despisers and foes.

Just as I sanctify thee, the exponent of justice, for the display of
knowledge, thee, the embodiment of truth, for spiritual advancement }
thee, the administrator, for rule over the Earth ; so should these justice-
loving people do.

O king thou art a father unto thine subjects, rear them up.

O Queen, thou also shouldst behave similarly.

2. O king, thou art our leader ; thou putteth upon the path of
rectitude, even the leaders of a high order. Know thou this art of
government.

God the creator will rule over thee. Just as the state officials
anoint thee with sweet juices and flower-laden herbs, so should the
subjects do.

Thy first duty is to undertake the spread of knowledge and the
administration of justice.

Thy second duty is to propagate religious truths. Thy foremost
duty is to strengthen thy rule over the Earth.

3. O king we desire to reach all thy abodes, where the resplendent
beams of adorable God's knowledge spread far and wide.

In those very places, have the sages attained to the highest bliss
of God.

1. This verse is exactly similar to 5.26. The objection of repetition does not arise, as the
Devatas and meanings of both the verses are different. The former is addressed to a general,
the latter describes the qualities, an Acharya ought to preach to a king at the time of his
coronation.

3. A learned person preaches to a king. The king should arrange for such calm, quiet,
healthy and comfortable places , whert the learned may resort to for peaceful meditation
of God.

CHAPTER VI 63

I consider thee as the source of spiritual knowledge, e&ithly power,
and vast riches.

Advance the knowledge of the vedas, improve thy rule and military
experts, prolong thy life, and advance thy progeny.

4. O men study God's works of Creation, preservation and dis-
solution of the universe ; whereby He determines His laws.

Each one of us is His close-allied friend.

5. The learned scholars of the vedas realise the lofty attributes of
God, as the extended eye gazes at the sun.

6. O king, thou art the repository of knowledge like a sage.

The learned subjects obey thee in all directions. May riches fit for
men be secured by this intelligent devotee. Thou art lustrous like the
beams of the sun.

May all people on the earth and all beasts of the forest be under
thy control.

7. O king, thou art the embodiment of noble qualities, and remover
of the miseries of thy subjects. Thou protectest those who take refuge
under thy shelter. May thy noble subjects be associated with learned
persons, full of splendour and efficient to undertake the responsibility
of government. Feel pleasure, and let thy subjects enjoy thy pleasurable
precious riches.

8. O rich sons, roam in knowledge and good training. O highly
learned teacher, please accept the honestly earned money, we offer thee.
O prince, thou art liked by the learned, I, a scholar of scriptures, release
thee from the bondage of ignorance, be steadfast and firm in the
acquisition of knowledge.

9. O disciple, in this world created by God, full of splendour, and
the Revealer of the Vedas, with the attributes of the Sun and moon, and
with the retention and gravitation of the Earth, namely its hands I
welcome thee. I lovingly initiate thee endowed with prosperity and
peace in the Brahmcharya Ashram sprinkling thee with water and corn.

8. In the first part of the verse the father addresses the sons and the teacher. In the
latter part the teacher addresses the disciple.

9. Uftpft: means the sun and moon. HtPQTOl means with qualities that work like arms.
This is a figurative use of the word. The qualities of lustre and prevention of evil of the son
and moon are referred to. Both give light, and conduce to our health and ward off diseases.
tffa ^fWtaTtHJ qftKTClfttio *-?. The qualities of retention and gravitation are figuratively
spoken of as earth's hands. In this verse the teacher addresses the pupil at the time of
the ceremony of investiture of the sacred thread (yajnopavit).

64 YAJUR VEDA

May thy mother, father, brother, friend and fellow students grani
thee permission for my discipleship.

For observing the vow of celibacy, I lovingly anoint thee in peace
and prosperity.

10. O pupil, thou art the purifier of water through yajna. May
people purified by thy sacrifice enjoy pleasant waters, and substances
obtained by virtuous means, as do the sages.

Through my benediction, may all thy organs be devoted to the
performance of the yajna along with the learned priests.

May thy breath roam freely with the wind, and may thou be the
performer of the yajna of the spread of knowledge.

11. O performers of yajna and its supervisor fond of ghee as ye are,
rear cows. Let each one of you regulate by purifying all pervading air
the worshipper full of splendour, pleasure, born of wide space ; and
understand his primary aim. Perform duly yourself the yajna with all its
materials, and be one with the full observance of the details of the yajna.

O giver of happiness through yajna, welcome with sweet words all
the religious minded and learned persons who visit the yajna again and
again, and establish the worshipper in the pleasure-giving yajna.

12. O learned person, the diffuser of delight, behave not crookedly
like a serpent, or proudly like a fool, or ferociously like a tiger. Food is
ready for thee everywhere. Tread on the paths of truth and rectitude,
just as shelterless persons without any conveyance feel happy when they
teach a stream of water.

13. O girls, just as women, endowed with noble qualities, pure,
and highly educated are married to their deserving husbands, and serve
them faithfully ; and educated husbands are married to worthy wives, so
should ye be married ; and so shall we be joined in wedlock.

14. O disciple, through various sermons, I enjoin upon thee to purify
thy voice, thy breath, thy eye, tKy ear, thy navel, thy penis, thy anus ;
and all thy dealings.

15. O disciple, through my teaching, let thy mind be filled with

10. Roaming freely of the breath with wind means, yottr breath should be tall of force
and strength like the wind.

14. The teacher addresses the student, advising him to keep all the organs of his body
and mind pure, healthy, and free from evil desires.

15. In the last portion of the verse the wife of the teacher addresses her husband and
he addresses her.

CHAPTER VI 65

noble qualities, thy voice and breath be strong, thy eye clear in vision,
thy ear quick of hearing. Let thy evil designs be removed, and thy
intentions fulfilled. Let all thy doings be pure, and may thou daily
derive happiness.

O exalted teacher, guard this disciple, and spoil him not through
fondness and wrong teaching. O noble teacheress, protect this girl, and
chastise her not uselessly.

16. O sinner, demons pay homage unto thee. Get out ye evil
spirited. I stand before such a devil for dishonouring him, rather I
chastise such a despicable fellow with great disgust. I carry such a
satan to the lowest depth of distress. O disciple, the discriminator
between virtue and vice, and cultivator of goodness, understand all the
intricate problems, fill the Earth and Sun with water rendered pure
through thy yajna. Let the learned person know thy yajna performed
with clarified butter. Let the Earth and Sun filled with the greasy
substance of Homa attain to the air which carries up the water purified
by thy yajna.

17. Ye masters of knowledge, just as waters purify us, so do ye
wash away this indescribable sin and ignorance of mine. O learned
persons keep me away from the vice of false malice, and accusation of
the innocent. May noble, virtuous deed save me from sin.

18. O warlike hero, may thy mind in battle be filled with know-
ledge, and thy breath be united to life's force. O hero, thou art the
killer of foes. May the fire of righteous indignation created by battle
mature thee. Facing millions of the army of enemies, let not the heat
generated by battle disturb thee.

May thou get refreshing drinks to fight in war with the velocity
of wind, and speed of the sun.

19. Oh warriors, drinkers of water, drink refreshing water. O
warriors expert in statesmanship, follow the policy of heroic action.
O general, thou shouldst stop the foes in the air. With thy martial
and commanding voice spread thy soldiers in all regions, by-regions,
fore-regions, back-regions, and regions in which the enemy goes, and
conquer the foes, by slaying their warriors.

20. O destroyer of the strength of the enemy, O general endowed
with beautiful knowledge, shine forth in the battle-field subduing all

16. This verse condemns vice and upholds virtue. The disciple is advised by the
preceptor to purify water and air through the daily performance of yajna, spread them over
the Earth and send them up to the Sun.

66 YAJUR VEDA

thy foes, as the in-going breath pertaining to our soul, overcomes all
other breaths in every part of the body.

Just as Udsn breath permeates all our organs, so do thou O general
shine forth in the battle leading all your warriors. Let thy diverse
forces in uniform gather together in large numbers. O general, may all
warriors behave friendly towards thee for thy protection. May thy
mother, father and relatives be pleased to see thee moving in the midst
of warriors.

21. O disciple, a student in the science of government, sail in
oceans in steamers, fly in the air in aeroplanes, know God the Creator
through the vedas, control thy breath through yoga, through astronomy
know the functions of day and night, know all the Vedas, Rig, Yajur,
Sama, and Atharva, by means of their constituent parts.

Through astronomy, geography, and geology go thou to all the
different countries of the world under the sun. Mayest thou attain
through good preaching to statesmanship and artisanship, through medical
science obtain knowledge of all medicinal plants, through hydrostatics,
learn the different uses of water, through electricity understand the
working of ever-lustrous lightning. Carry out my instructions willingly.
May the smoke of thy yajna and military machines reach the sun, and
may their flames go up to heaven ; and may thou cover the earth with
the ashes, the residue of thy yajna.

22. O praiseworthy king, do not destroy canals, wells, tanks, corn
fields and forests. Protect us at every place. O Justice-loving king, we
take a solemn vow that cows and learned Brahmans whom thou declarest
to be unworthy of destruction, will not be killed by us. We will stick
to this resolve and so shouldest thou.

O king, in thy rule, may waters and medicines be friendly to us,
and unfriendly to him who dislikes us or whom we dislike.

23. O learned persons, see that these waters contribute to your
purity, comfort and usefulness. Air can be used and abused. May
pleasure-promoting yajna grant us happiness, may the sun give us health
and comfort.

24. O virgins, I set ye down in the assembly of learned bachelors.

21. Angas are th constituent parts of the vedas. They are six in number sciences of
pronunciation, fcWCT. rituals qpq grammar ozn^^I, etymology (H^'tf> astronomy vtflf^TCi prosody
!Jte*?. Their study helps in the correct pronunciation and interpretation of the vedas.
HWfl may also mean with thy splendour, prestige, and agony caused in the heart of foe.

24. The mistress addresses the girl pupils.

CHAPTER VI 67

Ye are cognisant of the diverse qualities of sun and lighting, ye know
fully well the science of the control of breath, ye can make selection of
learned husbands.

Those of you, who after marriage live with husbands brilliant like
the sun, and with you whom, live brilliant husbands, should both advance
our domestic dealings.

25. O virgins, just as we live with our husbands and perform the
Havan, so do ye. Just as we impart instruction unto ye for mental
peace, for discriminating between virtue and vice, for spreading happi-,
ness, and acquiring brilliance like the sun, so do ye uplift the domestic
life for the diffusion of all kinds of happiness.

26. O noble king, like a father go near thy subjects, and let the
subjects like sons come near thee to seek protection. Just as fire is
kindled with wood-sticks, so hear my complaint and kindle justice. Let
versatile, learned and noble-minded queens, like mothers, hear the
complaints of women, and do justice unto them.

You magistrates who distinguish justice from injustice, listen to our
grievances.

O supreme king, endowed with knowledge, hear like sacrificing
learned persons, our requests made in an humble, laudatory tone.

27. O noble and virtuous subjects, select as your king for the
benefit of the learned persons and Brahmcharis who preserve their
semen, one, born out of you, who is high like the flood in water, fit for
service with food, endowed with strength, capable of subduing his foes,
and completely capable of adding to the happiness of his kingdom. Ye
too constitute a part of those learned persons.

28. O farmer, thou art fit to cultivate the land, I uplift thee for
the purification of space. Get waters from waters, and medicinal
plants from plants.

25. The mistress addresses her girl students. *NJTO[is the domestic life, the household
yajna, which the newly married wife is asked to advance and uplift through her devotion,
piety and sagacity.

28. A learned teacher addresses a cultivator. A farmer tills the land, and grows the
plants. Those plants ^ftTOP are used for performing Agnihotra. The oblations being rare-
fied rise up to heaven, fill the space Antriksha with vapours, purify the air, and descend
down to earth in the form of pure rainy water, which again grows the plants. This is a
natural process going on in nature ; aided by our yajna. Farmer is the main source of the
growth of plants, whereby Yajnas are performed, which fill the space with vapours, which
bring down pure rain, which again helps in the growth of plants.

68 YAJUR VEDA

29. O King, whomsoever thou protectest in the battle and appoint-
est for the supervision of food supply, deserves the award of a permanent
pension for his maintenance. This is a proper rule.

30. O my subjects, in this world created by God, the Giver of
happiness and the Source of all splendour, I receive ye with the strength
and coolness of the sun and moon, and the disease-killing, and bodily
humours equilibrium maintaining qualities of the herbs.

For me full of splendour, in a civilised manner, pay open-heartedly
the tax which is highly useful, is levied on all your products, which
conduces to efficient administration, which is utilized for the advance-
ment of industries and improving the cattle breed. O my subjects, ye
who take interest in the welfare of your king, deserve to be welcomed by
me. Please me by paying your taxes.

31. O subjects and legislators, satisfy my mind, satisfy my speech,
satisfy my breath, satisfy my eye, satisfy my ear, satisfy my soul, satisfy
my progeny, satisfy my cattle, satisfy my subordinate officers, so that
my officers may not feel sad.

32. O Lord, we appoint thee as a king, as thou possessest the
vigour of a Vasu Brahmchari, as thou hast got the strength of a Rudra
Brahmchari, as thou art full of splendour, full of knowledge like an Aditya
Brahmchari, as thou hast the power of killing the proud foes, as thou art
full of dignity, and art quick in attacking in the battle-field like a falcon,
as thou strergthenest our finances, and advancest the knowledge of
science.

29. He who succeeds in the battle, rules over many persons whom he subjugates.
Similarly one who is in charge of food-supply is the master of the destinies of thousands of
persons who depend upon him for the supply of necessaries of life.

30. A king addresses his subjects. He is described to prossess the strength and coolness
of the sun and moon, spoken of as arnr>, and the healing properties of the herbs spoken
of as hands. Just as medicinal plants remove our diseases, so does a king arrange for the
maintenance of the health of his subjects by spending liberally on sanitation, and medical
institutions .

There are three affections or humours gTcTC: in our body ; i. e>. 3T?T, fftf, W t t.*.
flatulence, bile and phlegm. The harmonious equilibrium of these maintains the body in a
healthy state. The king advises the subjects to pay gladly the taxes imposed, which will
be utilised for their advancement.

31. The king addresses the subjects.

32. A Vasu Brahmchari is one who observes the vow of celibacy for twentyfour
years, one who remains celebate for 36 years and acquires knowledge is Rudra Brahmchari,
and he who continues his studies observing celibacy for 48 years is called an Aditya
Brahmchari. The verse means the king selected should not be voluptuous and slave to
passions, but one who has duly observed the vow of celibacy and acquired knowledge.

CHAPTER VI 69

33. O king thy rule extends over Heaven, Earth and mid-air wide
region. With that power show obligation to this worshipper who per-
forms the yajna, and has recourse to measures conducive to the propaga-
tion of national wealth.

34. O ladies, ye are the possessor of practical wisdom, removers
of all impediments, augmenters of wealth, helpers in the yajna, and
lovers of your virtuous husbands. Fulfil this sacrifice of domestic
life. Being invited taste with your husbands the sweet juice of the
plants like Soma.

35. O woman, full of physical and spiritual strength, be not afraid
of thy husband, shake not with terror, cultivate the strength of your
body and soul. O man, thou also shouldst behave similarly towards
thy wife, ye both, like the sun and earth should become strong and re-
solute ; whereby the shortcomings of ye both be removed, and ye become
happy like the moon.

36- O mother, love thy children, who run unto thee from east,
west, north, south and all other directions; and they too should love thee.

37. O mighty, glorious king, render thy subjects praiseworthy.
Thou art the conqueror of foes. None but thee is the giver of pleasure.
I say this unto thee.

CHAPTER VII

1. O man, for realising God, the Lord of Speech purify thy mind.
Just as objects are purified by the rays of the sun, so purify thyself with
the outward and inward powers of a strong king. Be a learned man,
work pure-heartedly for the sages, who are adorable by thee.

2. O superb man of knowledge, sweeten our foods. O learned
preacher cf virtuous deeds, whatever well-known name free from harm,
thou hast, for the acquisition of power and carrying out thy instructions,
I attain to true deed, truthful speech and wide atmosphere of prosperity.

3. O brilliant soul, self-made art thou, for all subtle and gross
bodily organs, and for the learned that purify us like the beams of the sun.
May knowledge and vedic lore be acquired by thee.

O virtuous soul, I praise thee for thy nearness to God. Attain to
that Adorable, Truthful God. Thou hast promptly crushed and killed the
demon of ignorance. I extol thee for longevity and the acquisition of
happiness.

4. O aspirant after yoga, thou art the master of yamas and
niyamas. Control thou the internal vital breaths, mind and organs.

O rich lord, guard the supremacy emanating from yoga. Remove
through the power of yoga all ills arising from ignorance, whereby thou
mayest obtain supernatural power and the fulfilment of desires.

5. O Yogi, I place in thy heart knowledge spacious like the sun
and moon and mid air's wide region. Like a friend, acquiring learning
from the sages, and practising internal austerities, gladden others with
the preliminary and advanced usages of Yoga.

6. O supreme yogi, thy soul is self-made and eternal. Thou art
competent to cultivate all spiritual, mundane and physical forces. I
instruct thee to follow the lustrolis usages of yoga, for exhibiting the
practices of yoga like the sun, and for leading a pure and noble life by
controlling breath.

May thou an aspirant after yoga attain to a mind full of yogic
concentration, and know the best course for the observance of truth.

2. Through the grace and instructions of learned persons, one attains to the height of
prosperity, truthful speech and true deed, Free from harm means fit to afford protection.

5. God addresses a yogi. I means God.

6. In this verse also God addresses a yogi. Just as the sun spreads lustre on the
globe, so should a yogi teach the practices and systems of yoga to others.

CHAPTER VII 71

7. O yogi, the cultivator of purity, and expert in the practices of
yoga, adorn thyself with the manifold definite virtues of mental peace
and contentment. O yogi, the possessor of diverse qualities, I send unto
thee the hunger-allaying food. O elevator of the soul through yoga,
thou possessest the yogic power to protect the pure yogis. I instruct
thee to practice such a yoga.

8. O student and teacher of yoga, these created pleasant objects
like water etc. long for ye both. Come with them. O aspirant after
yoga, thou hast been accepted with yogic yamas and niyamas, by the
teacher of yoga, for acquiring the knowledge of the animate aud inani-
mate objects through the power of yoga

O teacher of yoga, this yoga is like your pain-dispelling house. I
long for thee, well versed in the practice of yogic concentration, and the
student of yoga, full of qualities necessary for yoga.

9. O student and teacher of yoga, the augmenters of true know-
ledge, living in unison like the vital breaths the Pran and udan, here is
this your accomplished supremacy of yoga, Listen to my praise. O
worshipper, thou art endowed with noble traits, I welcome thee, who
controls the vital breaths, the Pran and Udan.

10. O learnd persons, the discriminators between right and wrong,
ye and we, should be delighted with acquirable riches, just as cows are
with grass. O noble and friendly souls, ye both give us daily the speech
that rightly teaches us the knowledge of yoga. O worshipper, this
knowledge of yours is thy shelter like a house. We welcome thee along
with the observers of Truth.

11. O student and teacher of yoga, resplendent like the sun and the
moon, desire to develop yoga by your sweet and dawn-like pleasant
speeeh. O student of yoga, thou hast been welcomed for thy noble
traits. This yoga of yours is a house unto thee for comfort.

We approach thee, well versed in yogic laws of the control of breath,
and thy teacher, expert in the sweet practices and methods of yoga.

7. In this verse God addresses a yogi. A yogi ought to be very careful fn his diet,
He should take little but nourishing diet to satisfy his hunger.

9. Mitra and Varuna are the disciple and teacher. The dhciple is spoken of as fofcf,
and the teacher as g^uras he dispels the deficiencies and drawbacks of the disciple ; or the
teacher may be considered as fJf5T being friendly and affectionate to his pupils, and the disciple
as WT who cultivates virtues and shuns vices.

10. fo3ra*on are the student and the teacher of yoga ; 3Kngn*l also means the teacber
and the disciple who aspire after Truth.

72 YAJUR VEDA

12, O yogi, thou art the master of all the branches of yoga. This
yogic propensity of thine conduces to thy happiness. Through yoga,
freed from the shackles of ignorance, thou art full of peace. Thou
elevatest thy soul through various yogic practices.

Like all the ancient sages and yogis and modern yogis, thou per-
fectest the yoga, which is highly commendable, deeply seated in the soul,
pleasure-giving, inimical to nescience, quick at success, elevating,
victory-giving, and quiverer of bodily organs.

Let the guardians of yogic force, and yogis resplendent with the
power of yoga, instruct thee in yoga. Mayest thou be invincible through
that yoga. Protect thou the manly power, which in turn will protect
thee,

13. .O yogi, endowed with yogic force, cultivate noble traits, like
an exalted hjro. Go to all places. Be friendly towards the charitably
disposed person, who perfects his riches through charity.

Thou art the mainstay of yoga, being full of mental peace, free from
desire for passions, full of strength like the sun and earth, and purifier of
all like the sun.

14 O well mannered disciple desiring to learn yoga, we your
teachers, are the givers for you of uninterrupted, chivalrous strength
of the knowledge of yoga.

May our preliminary method of teaching, acceptable to all, be
accomodating to thee. May he, who is spiritually advanced and highly
learned amongst us, be first of all friendly to thee.

15. O pupils, just as a learned teacher, the protector of knowledge
tries for advancement, so should ye, to be great, resort to truth and
virtuous deeds.

12. This verse clearly describes qualities and characteristics of a yogi. There is no
ambiguity about its meaning. Mr. Griffith remarks "The text taken with a variation from
R.V, 5.44.1 is hopelessly obscure." I find no obscurity in it. Mr. Griffith interprets
Shanda as a demon for whom the cup is drawn, and then offered to a deity, whereas
Mabarshi Dayananda interprets the word as 'full of peace.* A yogi is spoken of as invincible,
but Mr. Griffith remarks ; 'The right hip of the high altar, on which the Adhvaryu deposits
his cup is addressed and secured from the attacks of demons. 1 What sense is there in
calling the hip of the altar as invincible. The interpretation of vedic mantras by Mr.
Griffith is a meaningless jargon, the perusal of which shakens one's faith in the revelation
of the vedas God does not utter nonsense in the vedas, which are full of sense, wisdom,
knowledge and truth. A biased interpreter cannot arrive at the correct significance of
vedic hymns. To him the plainest verse seems to be hopelessly obscure, which is highly
regrettable.

CHAPTER VII 73

Just as affable, sweet, high-minded, happy ladies, well versed in
yoga, and a learned yogi, remain contented, so should yee, like them.

16* O' skilful ruler, thou art equipped with army, the essential
mainstay of kingship. I fix in its orbit, in the midst of spacious regions,
this beautiful moon that covers the luminous stars, and is linked with
the sun and the waters that it attracts. Just as learned persons wisely
and respectfully accept a young pupil, so do I accept thee for curbing the
sinful and establishing the code of morality.

17. O' skilful ruler, this art of government is thy mainstay. Just
as thou, master of wealth, and protector of thy subjects, and the wise
people of thine, both perform Havan with alertness, and determined
mind, and acting wisely contribute to the welfare of the state, so should
each subordinate of thine, on the signal of thy finger, remove enemies
from all sides. Let the wicked and agonising foe be cast aside. Protect
thy subjects.

Let the learned, who quell the foes, add to thy happineS5. O
people protect the ruler that grants ye independence and fearlessness.

18. O' ruler, having loyal subjects, whose maker art thou, fill with
profuse wealth him who does noble deeds. Be thou patient like the
Sun and Earth. Thou art the support of the just. With the moral
power of thy justice, may the unjust be suppressed.

19. In their majesty, eleven mighty substances reside in heaven,
on the earth and in respiration. Just as they perform their functions
faithfully, so should you the members of the House of the People, carry
on the administration of the State with zeal and devotion.

20. O' ruler, thou art an embodiment of humility and vedic lore,
thou art the doer of laudable deeds, and worthy of respect. Protect
the administration of justice. May the virtuous, and the learned
protect thee. May thou fully protect the learned, and all works that
contribute to prosperity.

21. O' learned people, just as the amiable ruler purifies himself

19. (a) The eleven substances in heaven are, Pran, Apan, Udan, Vyan, Saman, Nag,
Kurma, Krikla, Dev Dutt, Dhananjya and soul. The first ten are the names of different
breaths.

(b) The eleven substances on the earth are Earth, Water, Fire, Air, Space, Sun,
Moon, Stars, Ego (31JW) and Mahat Tatva (H^Tccf), Intellect, the second of the 25 principles
of the Sankhyas and matter.

74 YAJUR VEDA

for knowing God and the veda, tries to acquire military knowledge,
makes strenuous efforts for the advancement of scholars and friends of
learning, is eager to produce foodstuffs which add to our vitality, exerts
for the collection of medicines and canalizing waters, desires for the
light of the sun and improvement of all material objects, avoids vice to
acquire virtue, so should ye and other citizens do. O ruler, successful
administration is thy aim. We honour thee for the betterment of the
learned, and noble qualities of thine.

22. O General, I appoint thee, well versed in knowledge, the doer
of valorous deeds, advanced in age, full of dignity, expert in the know-
ledge of arms, as Commander-in-chief of the forces. I direct thee to
lead a grand life. I advise thee to be God-fearing. The command of
the army is thy foremost duty. I enjoin thee to preserve the interests
of the state, to perform praiseworthy vedic acts, cultivate and preserve
noble qualities.

23. We elect thee as head of the state, for the betterment of
our country's administration, for the protection of the learned, the
friendly and noble souls.

We elect thee for the promotion of political conferences, for the
encouragement of the learned and lofty souls.

We elect thee, for the promotion of engineering works, for
establishing electrical power-houses, and for the advancement of
knowledge.

We elect thee for making full use of electricity and water, for
promoting industrial works, and spreading their knowledge. We elect
thee, the master of the science of yoga, for the spread of literacy, and
encouragement of the sages who preach religious truths.

We elect thee, the gratifier of those who know God, for the
promotion of scientific knowledge, lor the spread of theism and vedic
lore.

22. In this mantra the head of the state is advised to appoint a man as Commander-in-
chief who is the embodiment of knowledge, spirituality nnd valour. I refers to the head of
the state.

23. In this mantra the subjects have been asked to elect their own ruler, who should
be imbued with knowledge and noble qualities, and devoted to improve the country industri-
ally and mechanically. This mantra is a clear proof that the vedas preach democracy, and
are against autocracy.

CHAPTER VII 75

24. Just as masters of the science of archery, who arc at the top
of the learned, like the sun that stands highest in the atmosphere, know
the qualities of ores inside the earth, are well known for their good
behaviour in the path of righteousness, afford delight to all, and are
respected by all like a guest, protect mechanical arts through their self-
less life, establish the qualities of lustrous fire as a king establishes the
greatness of his country in the world, so should all do.

25. O' God, Thou art realised through spiritual knowledge, Thou
art unchangeable, the earth rests in thee, Thou art firmest amongst the
firm substances like sound and space, Thou art most immortal amongst
the immortal, Thou art the fountain of the light of truth. I constantly,
with a determined mind and voice accept Thee, as leader of humanity
on the path of righteousness, and Creator of the universe. So now
may Thou, the dispeller of all miseries, make our people all of one heart
and mind, and free from foes.

26. O' performer of yajna, thy substances collected for the yajna,
go forth in air everywhere. The substances offered in the yajna, being
purified are let loose from the clouds in the sky, and come down to the
earth. I ask thee to perform that yajna, which is conducted by
Adhvaryu, Hota, Udgata and Brahma, and carry out thy resolution with
a stout heart and truthful speech.

Thou art the exalted light for the learned.

27. O' teacher, grow thou pure for my outward breath, and impart
knowledge to me. O 1 giver of spirituality, grow thou pure for my
spreading breath, and supply food to me. O imparter of knowledge grow
thou pure for my upward breath and grant me prowess. O' preacher of
truth, be attentive to my speech and eminence. O educator teach me
as how to improve my soul-force and intellect, and how to acquire sound
knowledge. O teacher of grammar, teach for my ear that catches sound,
the relation of the words with their meanings and their use. O' learned
guest and teacher teach me true principles.

28. O teacher of yoga and knowledge of God, reveal thy soul-force

24. Swami Dayananda gives the purport of this mantra as follows :
Just as those who have the knowledge of the Dhanur Veda gain victory over their
enemies by the use of fire in arms and planes, so should all others do.

26. In this mantra God inculcates the yajman to perform the yajnas. Adhvaryu, Hota,
Udgata, and Brahma are the custodians and conductors of the yajna with separate duties
allotted to them,

76 YAJUR VEDA

for my soul. O giver of knowledge, teach me yoga> for the amelioration
of my soul. O' giver of strength, for my long life, give me the disease-
killing medicine. O' learner and teacher of yoga, ye both strive for
imparting noble qualities to my descendants.

29. O' king, who art thou ? Who amongst us all art thou.
Whose son art thou ? What is thy name ? We want to have thy know-
ledge, and satisfy thee with wealth.

I like the majesty of the Earth, the Space, and the Sun, desirous of
my betterment, wish to have good subjects like you; be possessed of
warlike soldiers like you, be vigorous by the use of life-giving substances.

30. O King, thou art the master of the art of administration, we
accept thee as our Lord, in all the twelve months of Chaitra, Vaisakha,
Jyaishtha, Ashadha, Sravana, Bhadra, Asvin, Kartika, Margashirsha,
Pausha, Magha, Phalguna months, and for the protection of us all.

31. O Speaker and members of the Assembly, shining like the sun
and fire, assemble together, and add to our immense pleasure through
didactic discussions. Protect our welfare with your trained intellect.

You have been initiated in the rules and duties of government. We
realise your relation towards us. The art of administration is your she-
lter. We explain this to you.

32. The members of the Parliament, well versed in vedic lore,
throw light on learning and science ; and overcast the sky uninterruptedly
with planes. The President of the Republic is ever young, stout in body,
friendly and imposing. Those brilliant and illustrious members take
you as loyal subjects. Justice is your shelter. We teach you the above
mentioned arts.

29. This mantra is a dialogue between the king and his subjects. In the first part of the
text the subjects question the ruler to know hjs identity. In the second half, the ruler replies,
identifying himself completely with the men placed in his charge.

30. The subjects accept the king as their ruler throughout the year, and the king accepts
the subjects as his advisers for the whole year. This is the ideal of democracy. The ruler is
elected vide vedic teaching. There is no vestige of autocracy, despotism or totalitarianism.
The king is made and unmade. Chaitra is Mid March to Mid April. Vaisakh is April-May,
Jyaishtha is May-June, Asbadh June-July, Sravana, July-August. Bhadra, August-September,
Aswin, September-October, Kartika, October-November, Margashirsha. November-December,
Pausha, December-January. Magha, January-February. Phalguna, February-March.

31. We means the Speaker and members of the Parliament, and you the subjects.
The text is a dialogue. In the first half, the people request the Speaker and members at
the House of the People, and in the latter half of the text they reply.

CHAPTER VII 77

33. O' ye all learned people, the nourishers and preservers of
humanity with noble qualities ; the imparters of knowledge, accept this
son of a charitably disposed person as your pupil.

O pupil, I accept thee as a seeker after knowledge. I instruct thee
to serve all the learned persons, whereby thou mayest enlarge thy store
of knowledge. I move the learned to impart good instructions to thee.

34. O ye all learned people, come near us, hear our invocations.
Seat yourselves upon this seat. O son, thou hast been accepted as a
pupil by the learned, we hand thee over to them for acquiring know-
ledge. Let the attainment of learning be thy aim. We desire thee to
receive knowledge from them,

35. O 1 ruler, the remover of our difficulties, worthy of praise, and
guardian of the subjects, advance the cause of education in the universe,
as thou hast drunk deep the essence of knowledge with thy efforts.

O valiant king, under thy just rule, the wise and the learned,
carry out thy sound policy.

O king, thou hast been recognised for the protection of the subjects.
We like thee for thy good relations with the subjects and thy august
personality. The spread of education is thy foremost duty. We recog-
nise thee as our ruler for thy good relations with the subjects and thy
august personality.

36. We learned persons accept as our ruler, thee, the introducer
of new plans for our advancement, the master of loyal subjects, the
embodiment of virtue, the most advanced in noble qualities and acts,
the queller of the irreligious, the pure, the specimen of endurance, the
master of prowess, and the helper and educator af all.

As thou art the master of all laws big or small ; we accept thee, for
having good subjects, and possessing supremacy. The administration of
justice is thy duty. As thou art the master of all laws big or small, we
accept thee for having good subjects and possessing supremacy. We
accept thee as our head for enhancing the might of the people.

37. O' Commander of the army, fearless in the extirpation of foes,

34. We refers to the parents.

35. Mahidhar and Griffith have wrongly interpreted STTOfa as the grandson of Manu
and the son of Sharyati, as there is no mention to this effect in the Shatapath Brahman, and
the Vedas are free from historical references. Rishi Dayananda translates it as through the
exertion of hands and feet.

37. I means God. In this text God asks the Commander of the army to do his duty
faithfully and energetically.

78 YAJUR VEDA

thou art accepted as head according to military laws. This exalted
position is a source of inspiration for thee.

I enjoin thee to prepare for war embodying the use of shooting
weapons. I acknowledge thee as exerting utmost for the battle. Be
thou friendly unto all, and lead thy soldiers. Just as the sun, imbibes
the essence of all objects through air, so should'st thou realise the
significance of all objects. Acquire knowledge, and suppress the
opponents of truth and justice. Be victorious in the battle-field. Make
all free from fear everywhere.

38. Thou, head of the state, the conqueror of enemies, the lord of
five classes of subjects under thy sway, and armies, strong in body and soul,
take with thy meals, invigorating herbs, for pleasure and conquest. Fill
thy belly with the sweet flow of well-cooked meals. Thou art the
sovereign of all great deeds and requiring deep thought. Thou hast been
initiated in the rules of administration ; we harness thee for battle involv-
ing the use of arms and weapons. This battle is the source of thy
prosperity ; hence we goad thee to that battle.

39. O' God, Thou art attainable through yoga. Thy worship
contributes to our good and advancement. We serve Thee to become
great. Thou art Supreme, Come like a just leader. Thou impartest
pleasure to humanity. Thou art coupled with temporal and spiritual
knowledge. Through omniscience Thou knowest us all. Unlimited is
Thy might. Thou art vast and Great. Noble souls take Thee as the doer
of great deeds and full of splendour. Depending upon Thee, we are
encouraged to be great through acts of prowess.

40. O 1 Eternal, Omnipresent God, Thou art attainable through
yoga, we resort to Thee for supremacy that results from yoga. This yoga
performed for Thine attainment conduces to our welfare. Hence we
worship Thee for emancipation. Thou art Great. Like the raining cloud,
Thou art famous with the praises of the worshipper. Knowing Thee, the
yogi attains to spiritual advncement.

41. Just as rays exhibit the shining all-penetrating sun to the whole
world, so do the learned, with truthful speech expatiate on God, All
knowing, the light of all, for the benefit of humanity.

42. God is wonderful, mightier than all the forces of nature and
learned persons. He is the Displayer of air, water and fire. He is the

38. Five subjects : Brahmanas, Kshatriyas, Vaishas, Sudras and Dasyus.
We refers to learned persons expert in military arts.

CHAPTER VII 70

Protector of the Sun, Earth and Atmosphere. He is Resplendent, and soul
of all that moves and all that moves not. Always worship Him alone.

43. O f God, for the attainment of yoga, lead us on, through the
path of yoga, to all the secrets of yoga. Whereby, we may offer Thee
ample adoration through vedic texts. Thou, the Giver and Knower of
Yoga, remove from us the sin resulting from the crookedness of our heart.

44. This first warrior, the master of medical science, keeps us
free from disease on the battle field. This second warrior, the destroyer
of foes, marches forth on the battle field. This third warrior, the preacher,
should encourage the fast moving brave soldiers. This fourth warrior,
full of delight, should subdue the irreligious foes.

45. O' people, just as I have attained to your beauty through my
beauty ; so like the Omniscient God, the President of the State should
fix ye in your respective duty.

O head of the State, the encyclopaedia of knowledge, like the
lustrous sun, through the path of righteousness, settle thy mature policy,
and exert in unison with the members of the House of the People.
O' ye rich persons, the givers of gold as remuneration lead a religious
life.

46. May I honour the Brahman, who knows God and the Vedas, is
sprung from a laudable father and grandfather, is a sage himself, knows
the knowledge imparted by the sages, is the fit recipient of rich guerdon,
and is charitably disposed ; so should you approach the learned who
possess noble qualities, acts, and attributes, are the bestowers of virtue
on us, and learn good traits from them.

47. O' teacher, I, thy pupil anxious to lead a life of Brahmcharya
for 24 years have been handed over to thee by the learned. May I
acquire knowledge. May the learned live long. Grant happiness to me,
the seeker after knowledge.

43. This verse is identical with 5*36, but has a different interpretation.

44. In this text four kinds of warriors have been mentioned as necessary in war. One
who is a medical man, and looks to the health of the soldiers. The other is a preacher, who
with his eloquence keeps up the drooping spirits of the soldiers. The third scolds, chides and
rebukes the foes. The fourth defeats the foes. Victory is won by the concerted action of all
the four. This verse is identical with 5*37, but has a different interpretation.

45. Rishi Dayananda writes in the purport of this mantra, that a king should organise
three societies for effective administration of his rule, Raj Sabha, which should deal with the
political affairs of the state, Vidya Sabha, which should spread educatidn, and Dharam
Sabha, which should administer to the spiritual requirements of the people.

46. I means the ruler, the head of the state, and you the people, the subjects.

47. Three stages of Ifie are childhood, manhood and old age.

80 YAJUft VEDA

O* teacher, the subduer of the wicked, I thy pupil, desirous of
leading a life of Brahmcharya for fortyfour years, have been handed over
to thee by the learned. May I learn the ways of achieving salvation, and
my teacher the science of yoga. Grant me, the seeker after knowledge,
the pleasure of the three stages of life. O illustrious teacher, I, thy pupil,
desirous of leading a life of celibacy for forty-eight years, have been
handed over to thee by the learned. May I enjoy the pleasure of know-
ledge $ and my teacher feel comfortable both in heat and cold. Grant
the plersure of full knowledge to me, the seeker after knowledge. O 1
self-controlled, sinless, learned teacher, I, thy pupil, free from the
pleasures of a married life, have been handed over to thee by the learned.
May I attain to the pleasure of salvation > and my learned teacher
acquire the knowledge of God and the vedas.

Grant me, a student of thine the pleasure of a long life.

48. Who bestows. Upon whom does he bestow ? God bestows.
To soul is bestowed the fruit of its actions.

God is the giver and soul the receiver. O 1 soul, for thy benefit,
do I give this vedic instruction.

48. I means God.

CHAPTER Vni

1. O' Brahmchari, who hast observed celibacy upto forty eigtit
years, I who hast led a life of celibacy for twenty-four years, select thee
as my husband. Thou knowest the details of religious lore, dost possess
an august personality. This domestic life contributes to thy prosperity.
Protect it. May the arrows of Cupid never torment thee.

2. O' glorious husband, thou never keepest anything secret from
me, thou befriendest the charitably disposed person. O' laudable wealthy
husband thou art learned. May thy gift of knowledge and riches reach me
soon. I select thee as my husband, as thou art always a source of comfort
for me.

3. O' husband, thou art never neglectful, thou guardest both the
present life, and the life to come. Thou shining like the sun, in know-
ledge, if thou controllest thy organ of procreation, wilt derive perpetual
pleasure in thy affairs. O' finisher of the fourth Ashrama (stage of life)
I select thee as my husband for my perpetual happiness.

4. Marriage of the learned couple is a source of pleasure. O noble
persons may your fine intellect, that understands the significance of
married life, make you well versed in knowledge after the completion of
student life ; and teach you how to conduct truthful dealings, and tread
on the path of virtue. May you conduce to the pleasure of the newly
married couple, through the knowledge and teaching you receive from
the learned.

5. O' husband, the master of different sciences, may this married
life, in which thou drinkest the juices of different medicinal herbs, always
give thee pleasure. O entrants into married life, stick to truth, honouring
the vows taken at the time of marriage. In a home, where the husband
and wife fulfil honestly the duties of married life, is born a son, who
fulfils your desires, is sinless, enterprising, earns riches and prospers.

6. O f God, the fountain of happiness give us happiness today,
tomorrow and on each day that passes ; whereby, with our refined
intellect, we may perform noble deeds in our married life, full of beauty
and manifold aspirations.

7. O 1 husband, thou hast been united with me through the tics
of marriage. Thou art the worshipper of God. Thou art the master
of foodstuffs ; grant them to me. Safeguard your married life. I accept
thee as the preserver of the yajna of our domestic life, the lord of riches,
the pattern of beauty, and the progenitor of offspring.

82 YAJUR VEDA

8. O husband, thou hast been united with me through the ties of
wecjlock. Thou art the master of fine houses, and a man of position. I
give well cooked food to thee, full of vitality. This is thy comfortable
edifice. I accept thee as the giver of different kinds of comforts, I place
thee in the company of the learned.

9. O prosperous and handsome husband, thou hast been united with
me through ties of marriage. Thou art the embodiment of gentleman-
liness, the lord of wealth, the master of a loyal wife, and the son of a
father, having the knowledge of the Vedas. May I prosper on all sides
following the teachings received at the time of marriage. May I obtain
the in: perishable knowledge that resides in the inmost recesses of the
hearts of the learned. May I, receiving complete instruction from my
teacher, a father unto me, realise on all sides the existence of God.

10 O 1 husband, full of affection for me, the supplier of excellent
comforts for me, the dispeller of all of my miseries, truthful in speech,
drink the juice of medicinal herbs. O' master of a devoted wife, full of
prowess and semen, thou art the progenitor of offspring. Impregnate
semen in me. May I give birth to a valorous son, in connection with thee,
the impregnator, the lord of vigour, and the guardian of the children.

11. O' husband, thou hast been accepted by me for married life.
Just as a charioteer yokes the horses, so art thou fully competent to carry
on the duties of a married man. May I serve thee seated in a war chariot
yoked with disciplined horses. Ye members of my family, full of noble
qualities, for acquiring prosperity, protect me and my husband, working
"together like horses for pulling on this chariot of our married life.

12. O' affectionate and heroic husband, thou art the giver of
scientific knowledge, polished speech, land and good instruction. Thou
art conversant with the Yajur-veda, the Sama Veda, and the Rig Veda.
Thou art invited and honoured by the learned. Invited by thee I eat the
delicious meal prepared by thee.

13. O 1 philanthropic husband, thou removest the sins of the
donors, Thou removest the sins committed by ordinary human beings.
Thou removest the sins committed by the parents. Thou removest the

12. Naming three vedas means Karma, Jnana and Upasana, and not that the vedas are
three and not four. Thee in both places means wife.

13. Chairty covers a multitude of sins. The husband is asked to remove the flaws of
the donors by asking them to make the proper use of their wealth which will make them pure
and noble by giving it in charity for the good of humanity. Sins can be avoided by didactic
teachings by a selfless, learned husband.

CHAPTER VIII 83

sins committed by yourself. Thou removest every sort of sin. The sin
that I have knowingly committed, and the sin that unawares I have
committed, of all that sin, thou art the remover.

14. O, teacher, the giver of boons, the instructor of all doings,
with noble intentions, water and food, remove thou our physical
deficiency, and give us wealth. May we strengthen our bodies by the
vow of celibacy.

15. O' adorable and learned teacher and preacher, as thou leadest
us on the right path with the nobility of thy mind, teachest us exertion/
with thy sweet and joyful words, givest us knowledge through the learned
and the teachings of the vedas, layest before us for example, the noble
acts performed by the sages through wisdom and truthful speech, hence
thou art worthy of respect by us.

16. O' highly learned persons, acting upon your judgment, may we
approach amongst ye, him, who gives us good knowledge, removes the
ills of ignorance, imparts knowledge to us day and night out of his vast
store, and removes the ills of our body.

17. O 1 householder, thou art the source of happiness to all, the
begetter of prosperity, the bringer-up of children, the guardian of the
treasure of knowledge, the controller of vices, the extinguisher of the
darkness of ignorance, the enlarger of pleasure, the pervader in all noble
qualities and acts, being charitably disposed towards thy offspring,
fulfil thou rightly the duties of married life, and grant stores of riches
to the sacrifices

18. O' noble-minded learned people, earnestly have we acquired
this wealth, retain it by self-effort and preserve it with the help of
others. We prepare these comfortable houses for ye and amass wealth
for mutual use. May ye also grant us abundant riches.

19. O' good-natured teacher, persuade them to be religious-minded,
who have gathered round thee to acquire knowledge. O, married people,
lead ye all a life of happiness, taking nutritious diet, drinking pure
water, rightly performing yajnas, and sharpening your intellect.

20. O' learned person, we married people, have, in this world,
accepted thee as Hota in this yajna which is fulfilled through ceaseless
effort.

16. This verse has not been translated by Griffith and Pt. Jai Dev, Vidya Alankar, as
being a repetition of yajur 2'24 and 8' 14. No doubt all these three verses are the same in
wording, but different in meaning. Readers can see for themselves the different interpretations
put by Maharshi Dayananda on them.

17. Sacrificer : the yajman, who performs the yajna faithfully.
20, Hota ; one of the watchers and helpers of a

84 YAJUR VEDA

O' learned person, them knowest the details of the yajna ; come
unto us, perform according to vedic rites, the yajna that leads us to
prosperity, and grants us peace of mind through its performance.

21. Ye, married people, who know the laws of gravitation, having
known the science of geology, know ye the art of government. O % self-
controlled, married learned people, let each one of ye, perform in a
truly religious spirit this yajna of married life for pure dealings.

22. O noble householder, perform rightly thy duties of married
life ; serve thy king, fully understand thy nature. O performer of
yajna, perform truly and justly this yajna of domestic life, full of vedic
texts, and giver of physically fit and spiritually advanced offspring.

23. O' ruler, be just for progress. For easy walk make the
inaccessible paths fit for journey. Establish the path of justice, so that
people being God-fearing lead a religious life.

Never tell a lie. Don't use abusive language like him who hurts
the feelings of noble souls.

Be not angry like a venomous serpent. Thou, full of valour,
shouldst always try to keep ever ready thy fetters and sharp instruments.

24. O' married man, understand thou fully, the significance of
water and the lustrous fire.

With full knowledge of the qualities that lead to success,
unfaltering in nature, keeping thy gold in safety, preach thou in each
house, the deeds that lead to the fulfilment of aims. Let thy tongue
taste clarified butter and mayest thou duly protect thy body.

25. O' householder, let thy heart devoted to the study of the
vedas, full of reverential words, controlled by vital breaths, be engaged in
virtuous acts. May thou enjoy food, fruit and water. In affectionate
accents, we urge thee to discharge faithfully thy duties of married life.

26. O' good tempered, lovely women, retain carefully, dearly loved,
and well nurtured child in the womb.

O' nice, dignified husband, this is thy domestic life, make it
resplendent with pleasure and instruction, and guard it in every possible
way.

27. O' husband, thou art the guardian of my pregnancy, a slow
walker, a captivator of the heart, an accumulator of wealth in a righteous
way ; and supreme among the learned.

Thou enjoying the company of the wise and ordinary mortals, guard
me against the ignoble and impious sin, I may be tempted to commit to-
wards lascivious and ordinary people.

25. We : Other learned householders.

CHAPTER VIII 85

28. Let, still unborn, the ten-month old child move with the
secundines. Just as the wind moves, as the ocean moves uninterruptedly,
so may this ten-month child come forth together with the secundines.

29. O' wife, thou hast a womb free from disease and offspring meet
for adoration. May I graciously receive thee with the child undeformed ;
after cohabitation with thee desirous of pregnancy.

30. A husband, the dispeller of miseries, handsome in appearance
full of dignity, and strong in mind should wish for successful, pregnancy in
his wife.

He should preach to mankind the one footed, two-footed, three-
footed; four-footed and eight-footed knowledge of the vedas.

31. O' adorable, learned married persons, in whomsoever's house ye
go, and observe therein the display of wealth and fine qualities, he
is truly the cultivator of earth, and master of speech.

32. O' praiseworthy and well built husband and forbearing wife,
desire to fulfil with pleasure, and perform this domestic yajna. May ye
both provide us with food and clothes.

33. O married man, thou art the dispeller of foes, and sprinkler
of happiness like a cloud. In this chariot of thy life of a house-holder,
possessing water and riches, are yoked two horses of restraint and
attraction. Take a vow to lead the life of a householder. Appease thy
drooping mind with the sayings of the vedas. Thou art fully equipped
with the requisites of married life. I order thee to lead married life full
of prosperity and sixteen traits. This is thy home. I order thee to lead
married life full of prosperity and sixteen traits.

28. Secutrdines :-After-birth Jrayu,

30. One- f oo ted : that teaches the significance of Om alone. Two-footed .--that tells of
the pleasures of this world and the next world.

Three-footed -that preaches the delights of speech, mind and body.

Four-footed :-That tells us of Dharma (religion) Artha. (worldly prosperity).

Kama (Desire) and Moksha (Salvation, final beatitude).

Eight-footed that dilates on four Ashramas and four Varunas.

Pt. Jai Chand, Vidya-Alankar, interprets two-footed as words and their significance.
Three-footed as Rig, Yaju, and Sam.

32, Yajna :-Grihastha. i.e., married life.

33. Sixteen Kalas or parts in the life of a householder

1. Pran (Breath), 2. Shradha (Faith), 3. Kham (happiness), 4. Vayu (Activity),
5. Jyoti (Brilliance), 6. Apa (water) 7. Prithvi (Forbearance), 8. Indriya (organ),
9. Manas (mind), (10) Anna (food), 11. Virya (Semen), 12. Tapa (Penance, reli-
gious austerity), 13. Mantra (understanding), 14. Ichha (Ambition), 15. Loka
(Mankind), 16. Nam (Anger or censure) vide Prashnopanishad. A Grihasthi should
cultivate these sixteen qualities. Pt. Jai Chand, Vidya-Alankar, mentions sixteen
ministers of a country as 16 Kalas of a ruler.
I : God.

86 YAJUR VEDA

34. O' protector of riches, and dispeller of foes, harness in the
chariot thy pair of studs, long-maned, stout in body, and fast to lead
thee to destination. Know thou the requests made in our applications.

Thou art fully equipped with the requisites of married life. I
order thee to lead married life full of prosperity and sixteen traits.
This is thy home. I order thee to lead a married life full of porsperity
and sixteen traits.

35. Pair of trained horses, carry the commander of forces, whose
strength is unconquerable.

O brave king, accept thou the praises of the seers of the purport of
the vedas, of the warriors, and the homage of ordinary mortals. I order
thee to lead a married life full of prosperity and sixteen traits. This
is thy duty as a ruler. I order thee to lead a married life full of pros-
perity and sixteen traits, so that thy subjects and soldiers may seek thy
protection.

36. Than whom there is none other born more mighty, who hast
pervaded all places. God, the giver of blessings to the whole world,
maintains the three lustres in all substances. He is the giver of sixteen
qualities.

37. O' people, the powerful central ruler, and the noble provincial
ruler, serve and protect ye first. I serve ye after them.

For the attainment of knowledge and progress, may we all be con-
tented with strength, truthful speech, and divine vedic lore.

38. O ruler, the doer of noble deeds, and a student of the vedas,
be thou pure. Grant us strength, and the study of the Vejdas. Grant
me wealth and affluence. We have chosen thee for administrative
purposes. We accept thee for the grant of strength and the attainment
of God. This country is thy home. We accept thee for the grant of
strength, and the attainment of God. O' lustrous ruler, thou art splendid
amid the sages. May I among mankind be bright with lustre.

39. O 1 powerful ruler, having attained to strength through thy
army, and arising in thy physical and spiritual strength, thou shockest
thy jaws.

34. In this verse reference is made to a married ruler. First portion refers to the
subjects, and the second to God.

36. Three lustres : sun, lightning, and fire. Shodashi :-- the sixteen kalas mentioned
in the Prashnopanishad. He does not possess all these qualities in Him, but is their Giver
and Author. A Grihasthi should worship Him alone.

37- I :- A learned public-spirited person.

39. Shocking the jaws indicates readiness for battle*

CHAPTER VIII 87

We have chosen thee for administrative purposes. We accept
thee for the grant of strength and the attainment of God. This country
is thy home. We accept thee for the grant of strength and the attain-
ment of God. O' most lustrous ruler, thou art the mightiest amongst the
kings fighting for victory. Among mankind I fain would be most mighty.

40. Just as resplendent rays and fires make known the objects of
this earth, so do I make known men.

We have chosen thee for administrative purposes.

We accept thee for the grant of strength and the attainment of
God. This duty of administration conduces to thy prosperity. I remind
thee to spread the light of knowledge and lead a pure life. I urge thee
to follow the Self-Effulgent God in administering justice and spreading
learning.

O brightest ruler, thou art brightest among the sages. Among
mankind I fain would be the brightest.

41. The learned as seers, verily dilate upon God, the Creator of
the vedas, the Embodiment of purity and effulgence ; for the good of
humanity. May we realise that God. We accept thee for the control
of highly active breath, through yoga and laws of austerity.

Thy universal pervasion through the union of cause and effect is
an unsurpassed authority. We accept Thee as the Giver of resplendent
knowledge.

42. O' exalted wife , possessing vast knowledge, eatable and drink-
able articles, smell thou the jar. Mayest thou obtain thousands of juices
of medicinal herbs, whereby thou mayest be free from sorrow. Fill us
again with prosperity. Let riches come again to me.

43. Praiseworthy, delightful, worshipful, lovable, pleasuregiving,
well known for good behaviour, Inviolable, full of knowledge, Adorable,
Knower of the vedas, worthy of respect. These are thy names O 1 wife.
Teach me the good lesson of acquiring noble qualities.

44. O 1 general, beat our foes away, humble the men who challenge
us. As the sun removes darkness, so send down to a degraded position,
him who seeks to do us injury.

42. The jars in which the wife keeps eatables should be smelt and examined by her
if they are fit for consumption and have not become rotten and decayed.

43, In this verse eleven names of a wife have been enumerated, e. g. t Ida, Ratna,
Havya, Kamya, Chandra, Jyoti, Aditi, Saraswati, Mahi, Vishruti and Aghanya. How beauti-
ful and splendid this verse is, which gives eleven qualities a woman should possess.

88 YAJUR VEDA

We accept thee equipped with forces for the grant of hafrpinesfc
and dispelling our foes. This action of thine is the secret of thy rule.
We urge thee to grant us happiness and remove our enemies.

45. Let us invoke to-day, to aid our struggle for existence, the
Lord of the Vedas, the Doer of all noble deeds, and the Knower of what
passes in our minds. May He hear kindly all our invocations, Who
gives us all bliss, Whose works are righteous.

This act of God is due to His love. We pray unto Thee for pros-
perity and success in all actions. We adore Thee for success in all actions
and for prosperity.

46. O' doer of all good deeds, with ever-growing knowledge, thou
selectest as a ruler one who is free from vice and irreligion, the giver of
prosperity and protection. The educated subjects bow unto him. Exert
that he becomes the suppressor of the wicked and the master of all
resources. This act of thine is due to your love. We invoke thy aid
for prosperity and success in all actions. We pray to thee for success in
all actions, and for prosperity.

47. O 1 noble king, thy praiseworthy speech dispels our ignorance.
I accept thee, the knower of Gayatri metre verses, for knowing the
attributes of fire and electricity. I accept thee, the preacher of the
significance of vedic verses in Trishtup metre.

I accept thee, the expounder of the Jagati verses, for acquiring all
good qualities, actions and attributes. Anushtap verses are thy preceptor.
We have accepted thee for all these qualities.

48. O' irreligious husband, I warn thee against cohabitation with
the pure and noble wives of others. O' evil-minded husband, I desist
thee from approaching the tender-hearted wives of others. O' ill-inten-
tioned husband I keep thee away from going near the philanthropic wives
of others, O' unsteady husband, I censure thee again and again for teasing
the delightful wives of others. O v stone-hearted husband, I separate thee
from the company of sweet -tongued wives of others. O' ignorant husband,
full of virility, I prohibit thee from sexual intercourse in day's light and
sun's beams.

46. Vedas preach the doctrine of democracy. A ruler is selected by election and not
succession.

47. Gayatri, Trishtup, Jagati and Anushtup are metres in which the vedic verses are
revealed.

48 . This is a beautiful verse in which the wife is described as the saviour of her husband
from moral degradation.

CHAPTER VIII 89

49i O' learned and educated King, the giver of pleasures, thy
beauty shines pure like vast space. Be thou the undefiled leader of holy
religion. Be thou the excellent leader of thy advancing country. What-
ever invincible and stimulating popularity is thine, for that popularity I
take thee. O' king, as our stimulator for noble deeds, may I utter true
words for thee, the doer of noble deeds.

50. O' virtuous and prosperous King, eagerly know thou the
lovable and protective conduct of a learned person. O f charitable King,
our impeller towards progress and affluence, controlling thy passions,
know thou the conduct of a religious person. O 1 learned and wealthy
King, being friend unto us, know thou, the beautiful conduct of all sages.

51. O' married people, in this domestic life is delight, here is surety,
here the accumulation of wealth and the performance of virtuous acts;
enjoy yourselves here. Produce the child. Let it suck its mother. Give
us riches and abundance with noble intentions.

52. O' learned person thou contributest to the progress of our
government. In thy company may we obtain the light of wisdom; and
attain to final beatitude. May our rule extend from the earth to the
sky. May we obtain spiritual enjoyment, knowledge and pleasure.

53. O 1 commander and soldiers, who march forward in a battle,
kill the man with warlike instruments, who fain would war with us.

If the forces of the enemy approach our sturdy forces and try to
increase their strength, kill them without fail, and drive them away, for
your own happiness.

O 1 Hero, the Tenderer of our foes, rend our foes in all possible ways,
so that we may be rich in offspring, rich in brave soldiers, and rich in food
to feed with, everywhere, on earth, in ether, and sky.

54. O' married people; if ye truly realize God, the Lord of mankind,
who rests in the fullness of joy, as mentioned in the vedas, revealed by
Him; if ye understand the head of the State, who observes the laws of
the land; if ye follow the physician, who effects cure through medicines,
and take pure food; ye will ever remain happy.

55. O 1 learned persons understand, for success in your transactions
the use of electricity, wind, and cloud. Know Ye the Dhananjay Vayu,
which is praiseworthy, friendly, and pervades all objects. Know ye
God, present in our souls, ever near us for our protection, ever shining
before us, and well-versed in His function.

55. Dhananjay a a kind of vital air nourishing tha body.

90 YAJUR VEDA

56.O 1 married people in this world, just as ye honour and seat on A
dais a learned person who visits your house, so should ye use electricity
in well thought out sources of wealth, collection of waters, in fires to be
burnt, in skilfully manufacturing all useful and serviceable articles.

57. O' all learned people fully realise your conduct towards diffe-
rent objects of the universe, know ye the electricity that maintains all
beautiful objects, the aged sun, the invisible matter brought into creation,
the invigorating vital airs, pure semen and the noble, active suppressor of
foes. Thus ye become the utilisers of all objects, and eaters of milk
products.

58. Those who through Homa spread wide upto clouds the fragrant
spices, have devoted their lives to noble deeds, are accepted as mighty
souls, are the well known seers of men, and are known as powerful like a
storm, are eaters of eatables, and should all be recognised as wise, learned
preachers of humanity.

59. Those, who for their bath manage to get pure water, construct
canals, soar high in space, by their strength maintain the worlds, who in
their prowess are most brave and powerful, whose power is not known to
ordinary mortals, who are comprehensive in character and noble in nature,
and whose praise is sung by the ancient sages, are received by the learned.
They always remain happy.

60. The yajna grants us foodstuffs and spreads the light of
knowledge, the learned perform it, may knowledge thence come to me.
The yajna goes to men and clouds, the wise perform it; may riches come
thence to me. The yajna goes to seasons and the Earth, the sages per-
form it, may come thence each season's comfort to me.

Whatever sphere the yajna (sacrifice) reaches, which the religious
minded people perform, may happiness come thence to me.

61. Thirtyfour threads diffuse this yajna of the world. They
sustain it with supply of food. I skilfully unify their different functions
and duties. May this yajna be controlled by the learned.

59, *rat : (yayo) refers to the priest and the worshipper according to Maharshi
Dayananda, and to God and Zjff yajna by some other commentators. In this verse is sung the
praise of the priest (Hota) and worshipper (yajnaan) who through their yajna purify and
maintain the universe.

61. Thirty four threads that weave the fabric of this universe are eight vasus : sun,
moon, earth, water, fire, air, sky. lightning; eleven Rudras : Pran, Apan, Vyan, Udan, Sman,
Nag, Karma, Krikal, Devdutt, Dhananjaya, and Matrishwa, twelve Adityas : the twelve
months of the year, soul, God and matter.

I refers to God.

CHAPTER VIII 91

62. The material of a yajna (sacrifice) goes far and wide in diffe-
rent objects. It extends to the heaven in eight directions. O' sacrifice,
pour on my offspring plenty of wealth and prosperity. May I through
good conduct enjoy full age.

63. O' married man, desirous of prosperity, with thy noble be-
haviour, become the master of gold, steeds and warriors. Perform the
yajna with materials which strengthen the organs of the body, and purify
the world.

CHAPTER IX

1 O f virtuous and prosperous king, preach through vedas, the art
of administration conducive to comfort and wealth. Direct duly the
man at the helm of affairs.

May thou, the embodiment of noble qualities, the sustainer of earth,
and purifier of our wisdom, the protector of knowledge through the
spread of education, improve our intellect, and share our wealth as
directed by the vedas.

2. O' king elected by the learned, for carrying out the behest of
God, I accept thee, well versed in knowledge, yoga practices, and full of
humility, leader of leaders, expert in science, and full of affection, as my
lord. This administration is thy mainstay. I accept thee, most beloved
for attaining to prosperity.

Thou hast been elected by the people. I accept thee, that indulges
in sea trade, is the master of strength-giving articles like ghee, fliest in
space in an aeroplane, and is full of affection ; as my lord. This kingdom
is thy mainstay. I accept thee, most beloved for destroying foes.

Thou art full of plans, I accept thee, the traveller in all parts of the
world, the flier in heavens, the bestower of justice, the devotee of duty
and God, free from affliction ; and the lover of humanity, as my lord.
This kingdom is thy mainstay. I accept thee, most beloved for the
attainment of happiness.

3. O' king, I utilise the essence of waters, that infuse life, are
gathered in the sun, and spread in all directions. I advise thee to
preserve 'the essence of waters' essence for thy own good, Thou hast
legally been elected. I accept thee, full of affection, as my lord, for the
attainment of God.

This kingdom is thy home. I accept thee most affectionate, for the
attainment of happiness.

4. I grant wisdom to the learned, collect food for and give strength
to you married people, charitably disposed, well-versed in vedic lore and
engaged in various acts of religion. O' learned person thou art equipped

2. This verse mentions the various qualities of the person, who is elected as a king or
head of the state by the people. The veda does not believe in autocracy or totalitarianism.
It believes in democracy.

3. Espcnce of waters' essence :~ Virya, semen. I may mean Purohita.

4. I*:- King. Ye :- husband and wife or subjects and officials.

CHAPTER IX 93

with the requisites of a ruler and married life. I accept thee full of
happiness, for prosperity. This is thy home. I accept thee, most lovely,
for destroying foes.

United are ye twain, with bliss unite me apart from a wicked soul.

5. O' commander of the army thou art the thunderbolt of the
king, who, expert in battles, wins the war, with thy assistance, May we
speedily bring under us, according to vedic justice, the vast, undivided,
honour-giving land ; on which the whole mankind is settled. May God,
the Illuminator of all, and generator of the universe sustain us on it.

6. In control of breath lies longevity, in waters lies the healing
medicine. Having realised the praiseworthy qualities of breath and
water, grow thee fleet and strong.

O f noble-minded wife and broad-minded husband may the com-
mander of the army, the winner of battles, win the campaign, with your
strength, forceful like the waves of the ocean, and roaring like the
fast sea.

7. The learned, who like the wind, mind and twenty seven articles,
primarily harness swiftness in this world, may acquire alertness as well.

8. O 1 well equipped and qualified king, may the masters of all
sciences harness thee to the work of administration and mechanical
enterprises, may the expert of the science of velocity, put swiftness in
thy feet. Be thou active like the wind.

Being ever wary, endowed with a religious bent of mind, like a
powerful king, attain to greatness and glory, with splendid royal
accomplishment.

9. O' king, the swiftness laid in thee in secret, resembles the swift-
ness granted to a falcon, and the swiftness found in air. Be thou power-
ful for us, with that swiftness and army. Be thou the winner of battles,
and our saviour through war.

O' nice, brave soldiers, serve your commander, acquire wisdom
and food, win battles, and enjoy fragrant substances.

10. May I realise in this world, the nature of God free from pain

6. Thee : general of the army.

7. Twenty seven articles : All encompassing air. Pran, Apan, Vyan, Udan, Smam
Nag, Kurma. Krikla, Devdutt, Dhananjya, Mind, five organs of action (Karma Indriyas and
five organs of perception (Gyan Indriyas) and five elements, earth, air, water, fire,
and space.

10. I in the first part refers to the king, in the second part to a philanthropist, in the
third to a student, the seeker after knowledge ; and in the fourth ' to a warrior* Each in
turn advises mankind to rise as he has done.

94 YAJUR VEDA

and full of delight ; Who is lustrous, and generator of the universe.
Whose cause and effect of the universe are true ; Who nourishes all
material objects, and is most high. May I rise, through the prosperity,
and excellent gifts of the king, the creator of riches, the giver of
comforts, and dispenser of justice.

May I rise through the highest pleasure I obtain from the know-
ledge imparted by my learned preceptor, the giver of imperishable
knowledge, the embodiment of noble attributes and actions ; and the
encyclopaedia of learning.

May I rise through the victory-giving battle, and the persuasion
of the commander, the subduer of wicked foes, the inciter to victory
over opponents, the expert in the science of military warfare, the dis-
penser of justice and full of humility.

11. O' preacher, acquire knowledge. Let the learned speak to
thee the ennobling language of the vedas. May they impart knowledge
to the instructor.

O' king win the battle. May the learned speak to thee the langu-
age of the duty of kingship, and bring victory to thee.

12. O' guardians of justice, advance thereby the knowledge of the
vedas, and the learned who protect them. Bring victory to the king
in the battle.

May ye be free in speech. O 1 guardians of justice, bring thereby
like the sun's beams victory to your commander in the battle. - May ye
grant to your king success in a wealth-producing pursuit. May this
your utterance of statesmanship be true. May ye be free in speech.

13. May I , the general, stout in body and soul, win the battle with
the help of God, in Whose universe reside the eternal causes, Who is
the giver of all affluence, the Illuminator c>f all, Supreme in knowledge,
and the Guardian of the Vedas. O active, learned persons, winners of
battle, see the enemies from a distance and go towards different direc-
tions to check their onward march.

14. Just as this fast horse bound by the neck, and at the flanks
and in the mouth, ever accelerating its speed, passes by the mile-stones,
with full force and goes to the army ; so does the cammander of the army,
with due orders, make it march on speedily.

12- Vanaspati, the guardian of justice is compared to the beams of the sun. Just as
they impartially fall on all high and low, without distinction, so should the guardian of
justice be impartial to all. S^ftfa tf?*Rro, fatff 1-5 van according to Nighantu means the
beam of the sun.

CHAPTER IX 95

15. O' Government officials, he alone can conquer the foes, who
marches speedily according to plan, on well constructed roads, with
equipment and firm determination like the wings of a fast flying bird,
the falcon that soars high desirous of prey, and the fleeting horse.

16. May the heroes expert in the science of warfare, marching
uniformly, well respected and well fed, breaking the bodies of strong
thieves and rascals, attain to everlasting happiness in battles, through the
deeds of us the learned. May they banish for us all disease-like foes.

17. The state officials, who are advanced in knowledge, listeners
of religious books, full of wisdom, masters of their subjects, seekers after
different branches of knowledge, lovers of their souls, leaders of social
life, and acquirers of mighty wealth in battles, should all, listen to our
learned discussions.

18. O' truthful, aged, steadfast and wise officials, protect us in
each fray. Enjoy the reward of victory in the battle. Be joyful, be
satisfied. Tread on paths, which sages are wont to tread.

19. May I get in full, bounteous wealth of knowledge. May I get
sovereignty over Heaven and Earth, in which reside all shining objects.
May I get the knowledge of healing medicines. May I obtain learned
father and mother.

Ye, mighty warriors, winners of battles, going to the battle-field,
purified in heart, obey the orders of your general.

20. For the attainment of full knowledge, noble deeds ; for the
attainment of happiness, religious life ; for the attainment of definite
object, activity, for the advancement of wisdom, the habit of reading and
teaching, for retention of knowledge, truthful speech ; for arithmetical meas-
urement of day, the science of arithmetic ; for checking the waste of time
in infatuation, a word of wisdom ; for the fool who revels in vice,
a word of caution ; for the degraded, wicked soul, advice to ward off
evil deeds ; for the strong person amongst the low and despicable, speech
revealing the true nature of things ; for the attainment of God, the Lord
of the universe, the knowledge of yoga; for the king, the knowledge
of all affairs, are essential.

21. May life be devoted to obeying the orders of God. May life-breath
thrive through practice. May eye thrive by the study of natural objects.
May ear thrive by listening to the vedas. May questioning improve
throngh mutual discussion. May worship of God thrive through celibacy,

96 YAJUR VEDA

May we be the true sons of God. May the learned attain to final emanci-
pation and thereby enjoy happiness.

22. I enjoin thee for agriculture, advancement, wealth, and pros-
perity. Thou art persevering, law-abiding, preserving and eminent.
May food grains be produced from this venerable Earth. May the worthy
science of geology be studied, and water and food grains produced thereby
from the Earth. May our physical force, wealth, wisdom, and knowledge
be for your service.

23. I, being First and Affluent, lend wisdom and prosperity to this
king, the driver of all miseries and shining with knowledge, justice and
humility.

May the medicines produced on the earth or grown in water, be
highly efficacious for us. May we, the ministers, act tactfully for the
betterment of the State, remaining alert, and always keeping the interests
of the government foremost,

24. I, the king, born in my state, afford shelter to all habitations,
and enforce my policy.

May he, who truly knowing all his duties, realises taxes from those,
unwilling to pay, receive from us riches, that bring us heroes.

25. He is fit to be our King, who knows the course of conduct, as
inculcated by the Vedas, who advances in knowledge, behaves properly,
conduces to the prosperity of his old subjects, and all these provinces of
the state, and tours throughout his territory.

26. Let us elect him, for our protection, after due deliberations,
as king, who is amiable, and destroyer of foes like fire, who has received
education from the learned, who has observed the vow of celibacy for
forty eight years, who holds sway over administrative problems, is
supreme among the learned, is master of all the four vedas, and protector
of the sages.

27. O' King, with a sound policy, for the spread of knowledge,
urge, the lover of impartial justice," the teacher of all sciences, the master
of riches and the vedas, the leader of men, the learned mistress, the
lover of vedic lore and the brave warrior for noble deeds.

21. Final emancipation . Mukti, salvation, deliverance, redemption.

22. I :- God. People should learn sacrifice, and place all their resources in the
service of humanity. They should learn geology, cultivate land and grow more food.

23. I :~ God.

24. I :-- King. He :-King. Us .-.. Subjects.

He alone should be elected the King, who can protect the State, and realise taxes
from the reluctant subjects.

CHAPTER IX 97

28. O' King, speak truthfully and kindly to us h^re, be graciously
inclined to us. Winner of thousand warriors, grant us happiness* for
thou art the giver of wealth.

29. As the Lord of Justice gives us good instruction, as the
nourisher gives us strength of body and soul, just as a learned man gives
us knowledge, so let the mother, a sweet-tongued and nice instructor
impart knowledge unto us.

30. O' good-natured educated person, I, in this world created by
the Effulgent God, appoint thee as King with the knowledge of the Vedas,
with arms strong like the sun and moon, with hands swift like the wind.
I anoint thee with supreme kingship in this state well organised by the
learned.

31. O' King, just as thou, with the monosyllabic Om elevatest
thy subjects, so may I elevate them. Just as the King and his men like
the sun and moon, with dissyllabic metre, elevate bipeds, so may I
elevate them. Just as the just King, with trisyllabic metre elevates
the three worlds, so may I elevate them. Just as a King desirous for
prosperity, with quadrisyllable metre subdues the four-footed cattle, so
may I subdue them.

32. O 1 King, the nourisher of all, with penta-syllabic metre, thou
hast won the five regions, may I also win them. Resplendent like the
sun, thou, O' King, with six syllabic metre has controlled the six seasons,
may I also control them. O' King, fast like the sun, as thou with hepta

30. I refers to the priest who anoints the King.

31. I : a high state official or any person of the state. Monosyllabic metre is Daivi
Gayatri Chhand. Dissyallabic metre is Daivi Ushnik Chhand. Trisyllabic metre is Daivi
Anushtup Chhand, Quadrisyllable metre is Daivi Brlhati Chhand. A king through the
knowledge of vedic Mantras in these metres elevates and subdues the animate and inanimate
objects.

Three worlds :-Earth, Atmosphere and Sun, or sun, lightning and fire, or high, mid, and
low regions. According to Swami Dayananda's view they arc birth, place and name*

32. Pentasyllable metre means Daivi Pankti Chhand. Five regions > North, South,
East, Westi and overhead direction.

Six-syllabic metre means Daivi Trishtup Chhand. Six seasons are Spring, Summer, Rains,
Autumn, Winter, Dews.

Hepta-syllabic metre means Daivi Jagati Chhand. Seven domestic animals are cow,
horse, buffalo, camel, goat, sheep, and ass.

Octosyllabic metre means Yajushi Anushtup Chhand.

Gayatri according to Pt. Jai Dev, Vidyalankar, and vedic Sansthan Mathura mean earth,
that protects and nourishes us all. Maharshi Swami Dayananda interprets it as self-preserving
policy.

9ft YAJUR VEDA

syllablic metre rearest the seven domestic animals, so may I also reaf
them, O* learned King, as thou with octosyllabic metre followest the
self-preserving policy, so may I also follow it.

33. O' King, the friend of all, just as thou knowest, with nine-
syllabic metre, Him, deserving of praise with the aid of knowledge,
action and meditation; Him may I know. O' praiseworthy King, just as
thou, with decasyllabic metre knowest Him mentioned in virat verses, so
may I also know Him.

O* giver of riches, just as thou with hendecasyllabic metre knowest
Him mentioned in Trishtup verses, so may I also know Him. O 1 ye all
learned persons, just as you with, dodecasyllabic metre, know the teaching
conveyed in Jagati metre, so may I also know it.

34. Just as the Vasus, by thirteen syllabic metre, know the thir-

33, Nine-syllable metre means yaju^hi Brihati Chband. Decasyllabic metre means
yajushi Pankti. Hendecasyllabic metre means Asuri Pankti. Dodecasyllabic metre means
Saamni Gayatri. The knowledge of the vedic verses in the^e metres leads one to the knowledge
of God and wordly affairs.

34- Vasus are the Brahmcharis who have observed the vow of celibacy for 24 years.

Thirteen-syllabic metre means Asuri Anushtup Chhaod. Thirteenfold objects: Ten
pranas, soul, Mahattatva (2nd of the 25 principles of the Sankhyas) and primordial matter.

Rudras : the Brahmcharis who have spent 44 years in celibacy and study.

Fourteen syllabic metre means Saamoi-Ushnik Chhand.

Fourteen-fold objects .--Ten organs (5 Gyana and 5 Karma organs), mind, intellect, dis-
cernment and egotism.

Adityas :-The Brahmcharh who have observed a vow of celibacy for 48 years, and
studied all the four Vedas.

Fifteen-syllabic metre means Asuri Gayatri Chhand.

Fifteen fold objects .--Four Vedas, four-up-vedas (Ayurveda, Dhanurveda, Gandharva
Veda , Artha Veda), Six Angas, Shiksha (the science which teaches the proper pronunciation
of words), Kalpa (the science of rituals). Vyakarna (grammer). Nirukta (Etymology), Chhand
(Prosody), Jyotish (Astronomy), and beauty in action.

Aditi : the queen with immense wealth and glory.

Sixteeen-syllabic metre means Samni Anusktup Chhand.

Sixteenfold objects :--(!) Pramana (Testimony) (2) Pr;;mey (Theorem) (3) Sanshey
(Doubts), (4) Prayojan (Application), (5) Drishtanta (Illustration), (6) Siddhanta (Principle),
(7) Avayava (Syllogism), (8) Tarka (Logic), (9) Nirnaya (Decision), (10) Vada (Discussion),
(11) Jalpa (Discourse), (12) Vitanda (Wrangling). (13) Hetvabhasa (Fallacy), (14) Chhala
(Semblance), (15) Jaati (Futile answer), (16) Nigrhasthan (Flaw in an argument by which
a disputant is brought low). These sixteen objects are mentioned in Nayaya Darshan.

Prajapati .--King who rears the subjects.

Seventeen-syllabic metre means Nichrid-Arshi Gayatri Chhand.

Seventeenfold objects .--Four Vamas (Brahman, Kshatriya, Vaish, Shudra), Four
Ashramas (Brahmcharya. Grihastha, Banprastha, Sanyasa), Shravan (Hearing), Maw*

CHAPTER IX 99

teenfold collection of laudable objects, so may I also know them. Just as
the Rudras by fourteen-syllabic metre know the fourteenfold collection of
laudable objects, so may I also know them. Just as the Adityas with
fifteen Syllabic metre know the fifteenfold collection of laudable
objects, so may I also know them. Just as the Aditi, with sixteen-
syllabic metre knows the sixteenfold collection of laudable objects, so may
I also know them. Just as Prajapati, with seventeen-syllabic metre, knows
the seventeenfold collection of laudable objects, so may I also know them.
36. O' King, the lover of truth, conduct thy rule with justice. Utter
truthful words for the learned, whose policy shines like the fire. Behave
in a religious spirit towards those lords of justice who work in the
east. Be charitable to the learned, who are fast-witted like the wind
and are put in charge of the southern part of the country. Use
inspiring language towards the learned officials stationed in the west,
who fully understand politics like all the wise. Behave respectfully like
a state representative towards those just officials appointed in the north,
who are regular in their duty like the in-going, and out-coming breath,
and who give true lead to the subjects. Use the language of a sage
towards those who brilliant like the moon, give happiness to all, and who
acquire knowledge, cultivate humility, are religious-minded, and worship
God.

36. O 1 King, utter truthful words for the learned, who have master-
ed the science of electricity, and reside in the east. Behave in a
religious spirit towards those yogis, who are well versed in the intricacies
of the science of yoga, and reside in the south. Drive knowledge
from the learned, who know the science of material objects, and reside in
the west Learned knowledge that benefits all, from those who grant
happiness to all and reside in the north, preach Dharma to those, who are
swift-witted like the mind. Learn medical science from those who know
the Ayur Veda, and the properties of medicinal herbs, are well placed
in life and busy with their noble profession, and adore medical knowledge
and religion.

37. O' King, oppose the proud, happy powerful, and trained army,
and drive our enemies away, subduing powerful foes. In this State

(Cogitation), Nidhidhyasan (Meditation), Desire for the non-obtained, Retention of the obtain-
ed, Development of the retained, proper use of the developed, Desire, and endeavour for
salvation.

In the last four mantras 31 to 34, the duties of the king and the subjects are described,
which they should realise, and derive happiness therefrom.

36. Everybody should travel far and wide and add to his store of knowledge.

100 YAJUR VEDA

advance knowledge, gain strength and practice justice.

38. O' King rightly, I with the glory of the just and prosperity-
bringing commander of the army, with the strength of the nearby army,
with the general's arms stout like the sun and moon, and with the skilful
hands of a physician, accept thee for slaying the demons. Just as thou
hast slain the demon so may we slay the demon. Just as we have slain
that so may we slay all others.

39. 0' King, thou art the creator of supremacy, useful like fire for
the domestic people, the lord of the trees, the friend, faithful companion,
and religious leader of the lovers of religion, the master of the Vedas,
aged among the aged, and the protector of the cattle. May the religious,
truthful learned people urge thee to serve thy people.

40. 0' learned people, this lover of his subjects, is the King of you
the Kshatriyas, and us the Brahmanas, and the people living afar. Him,
the son of that father, and that mother, (for the protection of the people,
for great supremacy), for sovereignty over the virtuous, and for obtaining
huge wealth, do ye render free from foes.

38. I :-any person amongst the subjects.

39. Just as Soma is the lord of medicines, so a King is the lord* the protector, the
grower of trees.

CHAPTER X

1. O' wise persons, the means through which ye control breath,
create electric power, and conquer foes, should also be employed to
acquire sweet, strength-infusing, refreshing, and sovereignty-bestowing
waters.

2. 0' people, ye are the givers of Kingship, that brings knowledge
and showers happiness, bestow on me the kingdom, in a righteous manner.
Ye are the knowers of government that showers happiness, and the givers
of Kingship, bestow Kingdom on him, who can protect it. Ye are the
definer of the duties of Kings, and masters of a strong army, bestow on me
the Kingdom, in a beautiful speech. Ye are the givers of Kingship, and
masters of a strong army, bestow the Kingdom on the deserving.

3. O* wealthy people, givers of Kingship, bestow on me the
Kingdom in a righteous manner. Ye, the masters of knowledge, and givers
of Kingship, bestow Kingdom on him who can protect it.

Ye royal women, imbued with knowledge, strength and supremacy,
givers of Kingship, bestow kingdom on me in a righteous manner. Ye
self-controlled ladies, the givers of Kingship, bestow kingdom on him, who
deserves it.

Ye kind ladies, givers of kingship, bestow kingdom on me in a
righteous manner.

Ye' kind ladies, givers of kingship, bestow kingdom on the self-
controlled hero.

O 1 ye protectors of the people, givers of kingship, bestow kingdom
on me in a righteous manner. Ye controllers of breath and givers of
kingship, bestow kingdom on him, who protects his subjects.

O valiant King, guarded by the armies which give thee women-like
protection, and are the givers of Kingship help me a considerate successor
in the election as a king,

O f King, praised by the subjects, the electors of a ruler, help pass
on the Kingship to the well-praised deserving person.

1. Water is sprinkled over the King at the time of the Coronation ctremony,

2. It is the duty of the people to elect him as their ruler, who deserves the honour.

3. This verse preaches the height of democracy. Men and women are equally and
jointly entitled to elect a man as their King who fully deserves the honour,

102 YAJUR VEDA

4. O' people, protectors like the sun, with your spirit of true
justice, ye are the givers of Kingship, bestow Kingdom on me.

Ye, protectors like the sun, ye, seekers after knowledge, are the
givers of Kingship, bestow Kingdom on the deserving person. Ye people
educationally brilliant like the sun, the givers of Kingship, bestow
Kingdom on me in a befitting manner.

O' people ye are educationally brilliant like the sun and are the
givers of Kingship, bestow Kingdom on the deserving person. Ye, bringers
of joy, and givers of Kingship, bestow Kingdom on me in a befitting
manner. Ye bringers of joy and givers of Kingship, bestow kingdom on
him who is deserving.

Ye builders of cow-sheds, and bestowers of kingship, bestow Kingdom
on me in a befitting manner. Ye builders of cow-sheds and givers of
Kingship, bestow Kingdom on him who is deserving. Ye high-aimed
people, and givers of Kingship, bestow Kingdom on me in a befitting
manner. Ye high-aimed people, and givers of kingship, bestow Kingdom
on him who is deserving. Most powerful are ye, and givers of kingship,
bestow kingdom on me in a befitting manner.

Most powerful are ye, and givers of kingship, bestow kingdom on
him who is deserving.

Endowed with might are ye and givers of kingship, bestow kingdom
on me in a befitting manner.

Endowed with might are ye, and givers of Kingship, bestow Kingdom
on him who is deserving.

Man-nourishing are ye, and givers of Kingship, bestow Kingdom on
me in a befitting manner. Man-nourishing are ye, and givers of kingship,
bestow kingdom on him who is deserving.

All-nourishing are ye, and givers of Kingship, bestow kingdom on me
in a befitting manner. All-nourishing are ye, and givers of kingship,
bestow kingdom on him, who is deserving. O 1 people, full of knowledge
and virtue, enjoying independence, ye are the givers of kingship, bestow
kingdom on him who is most deserving. Let the sweet medicinal herbs,
ripen in the spring and other seasons. O' people procuring mighty power
for the Kshatriya, rest in your place, inviolate and potent bestowing on
the Kshatriya mighty power.

4. This excellent verse enjoins upon the people, possessing different sources of strength
to exercise their vote carefully, fearlessly, cautiously and disinterestedly in electing the
most deserving person as the head of the State. The Vedas favour democracy, and denounce
autoc racy.

CHAPf ER X 103

5. O' king, thou art the light of greatness, may my light of know-
ledge grow like thine. Acquire truthful speech and knowledge coupled
with practice for learning the science of electricity, and laborious nature
of a doctor for learning medicine. Learn astronomy for acquiring the
knowledge of sun. Learn grammer for understanding the vedas. Learn
Yoga for the control of breath. Study the vedas for the knowledge of
God. Acquire discrimination for the knowledge of soul. Acquire the
art of eloquence for a good speech Learn prosody for composing poems.
Learn science for understanding the attributes of atoms. Learn to
lead an active life for acquiring wealth. Learn politics for becoming
a king.

6. O' King, thou art the flawless friend of the vedas. Thou, with
the use of disease healing herbs, leadest the life of a Brahtnchari. In
this world created by God, ye, male and female students, engaged in study,
lead a life of high morals I purify ye, like the beams of the sun, with
your unbroken pledge of celibacy. Ye are the producers of brave Kings
in a nice way.

7. A good King should put in charge of educated and respectable
nurses the children of women, well bred, ever happy, rich, famous, invio-
late, calm like water, well dressed and decorated with ornaments, expert
in domestic affairs and advanced in Knowledge.

8. 0* King thou art the strength of the royal family, the giver of
longevity to the warrior, the mainstay of princely power, and the
administrator of your Kingdom. Thou art the destroyer of foes, as the
sun is of clouds.

Thou art the friend of friends, the gentleman with gentlemen.
Thou art the cleaver and tormentor of foes. Thou art the preacher of
truth. With thee to aid may this hero slay like cloud the foe that
dissembles justice. May the warrior protect the King in front, protect
him rearwards ; protect him side-wards ; guard him from all quarters.

9. O' men, know ye fully well, the learned householder, approach
properly, the commander of the army who slays the foes, and has listened

5. In this verse different sciences a ruler should learn to become efficient have been
enumerated.

6. The King should arrange for the compulsory education of boys and girls in the
State,

7. The mother should not suckle the child for more than a few days, when an educated
nurse should be put in its charge. The mother becomes weak by long suckling.

9. If men understand these personages, they will certainly be happy in life.

104 YAJUR VEDA

to the recitation of all the sacred religious booki. Know fully Well iht
friendly and noble persons, devoted to truth. Befriend fastly the doctor
expert in the science of medicine. Understand thoroughly the uses of
electricity and land, the givers of happiness for all. Get truly a learned
mother, the giver of comforts.

10. O' King, conquer the opposing creatures who bite and torment
others ; and go forward to the East. May thou obtain Gayatri, the
psalm of Rathantra, the triple praise-song, the spring season, God and
the rich treasure of knowledge.

11. O' King conquer foes by advancing towards the south. May
thou obtain, the knowledge conveyed in the Trishtup verse, the Brihat
Ssm, the fifteenfold praise-song, the summer season, the military force and
riches.

12. O' King advance towards the West. May thou obtain the
knowledge conveyed in Jagtai verse, the manifold knowledge of sStm
Veda, the seventeenfold praise-song, the Rainy season, the store of wealth
and the Vaishyas.

13. O 1 King advance towards the North. May thou obtain the
knowledge conveyed in the Anushtap verse, the manifold knowledge of
S5ma Veda, the twentyonefold praise-song, the Autumn season, the rich
treasurer, and Shudras (servants for service).

14. O' King, ascend the zenith. May thou obtain the Knowledge
conveyed in the Pankti Shakvari and Rewati verses of the Sam Veda, the
thirty-threefold praise-song, three divisions of time, both seasons, Winter
and Dews, Arithmetic, the science of nine digits ; thirtythree gods, the
study through Brahmcharya and riches. Cast aside the head of a thief.

10. Rathantra : One of the most important Samans, consisting of verses 22, 23 of
Rig Veda VII 32, and and Samveda II ; 1. 1. II. Trivrit Stoma : a recitation in which first,
the first, three verses of each triplet of R. V. IX, 11 are sung together, then the second
verses, and lastly the third.

Thriple .--that gives us the strength of mind, speech and body.

11. Brihat: One of the most important Sama hymns. Samaveda II. II. 1. 12 taken
from R. V. VI. 46. 1. 2.

Fifteenfold : which contains mention of five Pranas i.e., Pran, Apan, Vyan, Udan, Sman.
Five organs, i e , ear, eye, nose, mouth, and skin and five elements water, earth, fire, air and
ether*

12. Seventeenfold : Five Karma Indriyas, (organs of action), Shabd (speech), Sparsh
(touch), Rup (sight), Ras (taste), Gandh (smell), Five Bhutas (earth, water, air, fire and ether),
Cause, and effect.

13. WH has been translated as Shudras as well.

Twenty-onefold : Sixteen Kalas, Dharma, Arth, Kam, Moksha, and soul.

CHAPTER It

15. O God ! Thou art the brilliance of supremacy, may my knowledge
shine like Thine. Save me from death. Thou art vigour and victory.

16. O Preacher ! the friend of all and O commander, the destroye* of
foes, ye both go to the house of a seeker after truth, and dilate upon the
immortal and the mortal substances. Just as the sun and moon bring
day and night, for the transaction of our various desirable dealings, so
should ye both full of lustre and supermacy spread knowledge.

17. O King I install thee with brilliance like the moon, lustre like
the fire, splendour of knowledge like the sun, and the might of mind like
the lightning, Be lord of princes. Guard constantly all acts conducive to

knowledge and religion.

18. O learned generals, this is your King and of us Brahmanai,
the devotees of God and of the Vedas. He is the well-qualified King of
the subjects.

Produce such a foeless King, the son of such-a-man, and such a
woman, for healthy teaching of his people, for adorable warrior-class, for
mighty lordship, for mighty domination over princes, for enhancing the
wealth of the wealthy.

19. O royal skilled engineer, construct sea-boats, propelled on
water by our experts, and aeroplanes, moving and flying up-ward, after
the clouds that reside in the mid-region, that fly as the boats move on the
sea, that fly high over and below the watery clouds. Be thou, thereby, be
prosperous in this world created by the Omnipresent God, and flier in both
air, and lightning.

20. O God, Thou only comprehendest all these created forms, and
none besides Thee. Give us our hearts, desire, when we invoke Thee.
Just as Thou art the Lord of that invisible world, and this visible world,
so, may we be righteous lords of rich possessions. O God I the Tormentor
of the wicked, Thy remembrance relieves us of miseries. For that we
worship Thee. We worship Thee at home in truthful words.

21. O King, thou art invincible, admirably handsome, and a mighty
bolt for the foes. I appoint thee for alleviating the miseries of humanity,

14. Thirty threefold :- 8 vasus. 11 Rudras. 12 Adityas, Soul and God.

17, I : Purohit.

See Manu, 9, 303, 311, for the qualities of Soma, Agni, Surya, and Indra in the King.

19. Conveyances to be used on land, water and in air should be constructed by skilled
engineers, which take us from one place to the other, from one country to the other. The us*
of these conveyances is essential for international intercourse.

ai, I:- Priest,

JD6 YAJUR VEDA

for imparting instructions to all, for presiding over the Assembly and the
army, and for government. I enjoin thee to guard thy state politically,
with the advice of wise statesmen. May we be attached to thee with
heart and soul. May thou be victorious.

22. O renowned King, equipped with arms, may we never behave
unrighteously towards thee. May thou never shaken thy belief in the
Vedas and God. May we never die in poverty. O conqueror of foes,
ascend the chariot. Thou controllest the reins and noble horses.

23. We should behave righteously towards the religious-minded
and learned householder, derive medical benefit from herbs and trees,
inculcate the practice of yoga for the vigour of the priests, follow noble
instructions for the improvement of physical organs controlled by the
soul. O mother endowed with noble qualities like the Earth, don't injure
me by wrong instructions. May I never injure thee.

24. Worship God alone, who solidifies material objects, resides
in the hearts of yogis, is Omnipresent, prevades the atmosphere, is the
Giver of all gifts, prevades the earth, is adorable, ubiquitous, present in
the hearts of godly persons, and in fine objects ; dwells in space ; is the
creator of waters, and Earth, Revealer of the Vedas, and Maker of Clouds,
mountains and trees. He is true in His nature and Mighty.

25. O God so great art Thou : life art thou, give me life. Thou
yokest all in noble deeds : Thou art splendour, give me splendour.
Strength art thou : give me strength. O King and subjects, I make the
strength of your arms depend upon God, the fountain of strength.

26. O Queen, thou art happy, doer of virtuous deeds, and imparter
of justice. So be eagerly engaged in delight-giving knowledge. Acquire
carefully education that conduces to pleasure. Teach all the females the
art of Kingship.

27. O Queen, just as thy excellent husband, wedded to the vow of
Brahmcharya, and master of nice wisdom, for universal sway, always sits
in a court of law and administers justice, so shouldst thou.

22. Just as an expert driver sitting in the car controls the reins and horses, so should
the King, at the helm of state affairs, manage them skilfully and efficiently.

25. I:-Purohit.

26. In this verse, God preaches that there should be separate female magistrates to do
justice to the famales, and male-magistrates for the males, as in the presence of males, females,
through shyness and fear, canot speak out their mind and make a frank, oral or written state-
meat. Males should teach the boys and females the girls. The vedas are against co-education.

CHAPTER XT 107

28. O King, thou art the conqueror of foes, May these five regions
be prosperous for thee. O King, the master of spiritual knowledge, thou
art the maker of the state. Thou art the creator of prosperity through
righteous dealings. Thou art affable in nature through real power. Thou
art the giver of comforts, through the splendour of thy subjects. Thou
makest the wicked and the enemy weep, and art full of happiness. Thou
art the doer of many acts; contributor to the welfare of thy people. Thou
endeavourest again and again. Thou art the grantor of prosperity.
Therewith grant me strength to do my duty.

29. O King, just as spacious fire, dutiful and serviceable, residing
in the midst of other allied objects, duly receives oblations of ghee, and
gives happiness by diffusing them through the beams of the sun, soshouldst
thou, the guardian of justice, large-hearted, and servant of the State,
acquire sovereignty. So should the true workers exert.

30. I go forward urged onward by the impelling God, the truthful
speech full of Vedic knowledge, the justice based on real facts, the Earth
that rears different cattle, our supremacy, the master of vedic knowledge,
the unperturbed tranquillity, the fiery strength to suppress the enemies,
the pleasure giving brilliance of the moon, and by the tenth, i.e., acting
upon the qualities, actions, and nature of the Effulgent, Omnipresent God.

31. O King and people try to be good teachers and preachers like
the sun and moon, try hard to obtain the knowledge of the Vedas, exert
your utmost, for supremacy that affords protection. By leading a re-
ligious life, being pure like the air, endowed with noble qualities, full of
knowledge, be friend unto God, by practising yoga.

32. O learned King, full of supremacy, thou the observer of the vow
of celibacy, art accepted by us, for the betterment of the learned teachers,
for acquisition of the knowledge of the Vedas, for power and protection.
Just as agriculturists whose fields are full of barley, reap the ripe corn,
and remove the chaff in order, so bring food in a decent way to the
aged, who deserve respect and homage. .

33. O Speaker of the Assembly and Commander of the Army, ye,
the united protectors of the State, and doers of altruistic deeds, protect
from evil deeds and carnal pleasures, the rich cultivator, nicely busy with
agricultural performances.

28. My:-Purohit's

30. In this verse ten qualities, a King should possess have been enumerated.

And tne tenth -Nine qualities have been mentioned before, this tenth quality, a King
should possess is the inner urge by God.

108 YAJUR VEDA

34. O wealthy and adorable King, with the force of wisdom, enjoy
the gladdening rule of thine ; may a learned and devoted wife serve thee.
O' Speaker of the Assembly and Commander of the Army, protect the
State, following the usages framed by the learned, as father and mother
protect their child.

CHAPTER XI

1. An aspirant after superhuman power for the acquisition of
spiritual knowledge, should first of all harness his mind and intellect
with yoga. Having fully realised the high light of Omniscient God, he
should show it to others on this earth.

2. We, the yogis, with full concentration of mind, according to
our resources, in this world created by the supreme Lord, should strive
to acquire His Light, for our happiness.

3. The master of the knowledge of yoga, having concentrated his
mind on God, should with his intellect cultivate noble qualities, which
spread the light of knowledge, and add to happiness* God guides them
who advance scientific knowledge.

4. The learned, who give and take knowledge, unite their mind
and intellect riveted upon God, Who is Mighty and the fountain of
knowledge. He alone, the Knower of all acts, worlds and sciences,
declares law. Mighty is the praise of God, Who is the creator of the
universe and Giver of knowledge.

5. O seekers after yoga, I, wedded to truth, unite my soul with
God, realised by past sages through prayer and meditation.

May that God be realised by ye both through diverse efforts, just
as a learned person finds the true path and sticks to it. All noble souls
should listen to yoga vidya, so that they may acquire salvation and reach
regions full of joys.

6. O yogis, the learned souls, should follow through contemplation,
God, the Embodiment of happiness, and the Giver of peace. The Omni-
present, Effulgent Lord, the creator of the universe, brings into existence
the material worlds through His glory and power. He alone deserves
worship.

7. O God, the Bestower of knowledge, and Father of all accom-
plishments, create for our advancement the pleasant usages, and their
protectors. O Sustainer of the Earth, Master of fine qualities, acts and
nature, and Purifier through knowledge, purify our thought and will.
O Guardian of the Vedas, by their revelation unto us sweeten our
speech.

3. I : Purohit.

Ye both : Who preach and practise yoga.

110 YAJUR VEDA

8. O God, the Fulfiller of our noble desires, our Impeller through
Omnipresence, direct rightly our yajna, the protector of the learned, the
bringer of friends, the promoter of truth, the giver of wealth, the develo-
per of happiness, performed with Rig-vedic hymns. Speed praise-song
with the sacred verse. Speed the journey we make in good planes.

9. O Vedic speech, in this world created by the Omniscient Lord,
I with the forces of sun and moon and the pran and apan forces of the
air, with the teachings of verses in Gayatri metre, accept thee dear
as breath.

O vedic speech, bestow on me, from this alter knowledge, the
benefactor of humanity. Grant me the strength of knowledge dear as
breath, through verses in Trishtup metre.

10. O vedic speech, thou art the bestower of knowledge, benefi-
cial for the people like woman. Through thee, in this place of knowledge,
may we be able to explore learning. With a life of celibacy for 48 years,
may we improve our learning.

11. The skilled artisan, following the instructions given in the
Anushtap verses, firmly taking in hand the shining implement and
measuring the power of electricity, hidden in substances, should use it
carefully on the earth.

12. O learned person, with the skill of art, thou hast attained to
fame under the sun, thou art connected with air's mid-realm through
electricity thy asylum is on earth. Being the master of aeroplanes, go
ahead with nice well-balanced speed.

13. O artisan and his master, ye both, the bestowers of happiness
like the sun and air, harness electricity in this aeroplane, possessing the
speed of fire and water, seating and taking us afar.

14. O friends, in every deed and battle, we call for succour, our
King, the mightiest of all.

15. O King, thou whose paths are pleasant, with thy powerful
and devoted army, come, destroying the forces of thy wicked foes. Come,
overtaking the territories of the enemies. Spreading gladness all around,
accept the chieftainship of thy commander of the army, who makes the
enemies weep. Granting fearlessness to all thy subjects, speed through
the wide air.

11. Swami Dayananda gives its purport as such : People should know that electricity
exists in all substances just as it does in iron and stones. Having its full knowledge, and
using it well they should construct fiery instruments and aeroplanes.

CHAPTER XI 111

16. O learned person, just as we skillfully evolve from a part of
the earth, electricity, dear as breath, and the giver of comfort, and just
as we procure atmospheric electricity, dear as breath, and the giver of
comfort, so shouldst thou skillfully prepare electricity which like the
sun conduces to our comforts.

17. The first and foremost God illuminates the sun before twilight.
He also illuminates the days, and multiple beams of the sun. He alone
establishes the Heaven and Earth.

18. O learned King, just as a swift horse, having started on his
way, causes terror in all battles, and just as a householder wants to see
with his eyes, fire arranged in a beautiful place, so shouldst thou shake
all battles and spread knowledge to each house.

19. O learned King, according to thy desire, trample upon the
foes, hanker after sovereignty and knowledge, and having accepted us as
thy subjects on the earth, instruct us in geology and electricity ; so that
we may use that knowledge.

20. O learned King, thy humility and dealings are resplendent
like the sun, thy seat is firm like the Earth, thy soul is indestructible,
like the space, thy goal is vast like the ocean. Having measured thy
strength carefully attack the enemy with thy army.

21. O prosperous, learned person, just as we, the givers of wealth,
from the surrounding of each dwelling place of ours, exploring the
science of fire, acquire wisdom for worldly prosperity, so shouldst thou
elevate thy self.

22. O learned geologist, wealth-giver, just as a strong horse jumps
up, so should'st thou attain to greatness in this world; acquire absolute,
beautiful happiness free from pain, derivable from a saintly life. May we,
in the enjoyment of happiness, explore the pervading electricity full of
brilliance.

23. O seeker after knowledge, just as I with learning and ghee,
clearly manifest the properties of air, that pervades all substances, that
moves transversely, is vast in vitality, highly powerful with the oblations
of corn, vast in velocity, and visible, so I make thee also understand the
properties of air.

21. The verse can also be translated as such. "O 1 learned persons, ye are the givers
of wealth. Go forward from the present position for great prosperity. Digging, according to
your instructions from the bosom of the earth, the lustrous metals like gold, let us be devoted
to the good of humanity/*

23. I: God,

112 YAJUR VEDA

24. O man, just as heat and air pervading the body are useful to
their sustainer, who fastly moves the organs of the body, like one attempt-
ing, who fastly moves the organs of the body, like one attempting to fulfil
his desire; So I, for the grandeur of man, manifest, with immaculate reason,
the properties of the heat that sets in motion the air inside the body; so
shouldst thou enjoy that heat.

25. O learned person, know thou, the handsome, charitably-disposed
renowned person, giving in charity gold to the learned person who acquires
from all sides substances fit for charity, like the householders who pre-
serve foodstuffs.

26. O learned person, aspirant after power, we unanimously select
thee. as our commander, the day by day destroyer of the citadel of our
treacherous foes, possessing iron determination, good looking features, and
vast knowledge.

27. Thou, Sovereign Lord of men, just King, resplendent like fire,
brilliant like the sun, speedy destroyer of the wicked, with air and waters,
with clouds and stones, with forests and beams, with medicinal herbs, art
adorned in every way, being pure amongst the subjects.

28. O geologist and artisan, just as I, in this world created by the
Effulgent Lord, like the powers of attraction and retention of the atmos-
phere and earth, and like the force and swiftness of air, following in your
wake, explore from a part of the earth, electricity, giver of full comfort,
luminous, resplendent with imperishable lustre, gracious like air; and just
as, with your assistance, we, explore from a part of the atmosphere,
electricity, pervading like refined air, doing no harm, excellent amongst
all nourishing substances, and administering to the prosperity of the
people, so should all do.

29. O learned person, thou knowest the qualities of integration
and disintegration of the All pervading electricity, thou art worthy of re-
spect. May thou progress with the aid of knowledge and scientific skill,
having known the all round raining clouds, the support of water, the ocean

24. I God.

26. A man possessing tha virtues mentioned in the verse should be selected as a
commander of the army.

27. The King should make full use of the air, waters, clouds, stones, forests, beams and
medicinal herbs for the good of his subjects.

28. Powers of attraction and retention found in the atmosphere have figuratively been
described in the verse as its arms, and the force and swiftness of the air as its hands. Electri-
city is to be explored from the earth and atmosphere.

I ; a scientist. We : Workers.

CHAPTER XI

and the material substances embedded in it, from which the sun, residing
in the atmosphere, takes up with its beams; and adds amply to thy
comforts.

30. O wife and husband, ye have entered the domestic life with all
its responsibilities, like the two faultless objects which are full of com-
forts, fit for service in many ways. There are in your house deeds of
virtue and worldly gain, which are the props of your domestic life.

Dwell peacefully in that house, making full use of the nourishing
and protecting electricity.

31. O wife and husband, ye full well knowers of objects, protec-
tors of all, enjoyers of happiness, make use with your thinking faculty,
of ceaseless, ever flowing brilliant, and all pervading electricity.

32. O learned person, well versed in religious lore, thou art the
care-taker of cattle. The harmless and advanced well read person, the
nourisher of all, accepts thee, having derived electricity from the sky,
high above the world.

33. O King, may the noble pupil of the harmless scholar, having
mastered the comforts-giving objects like electricity, possessing the
knowledge of the vedas, and master of all sciences, make thee, the killer
of foes, and breaker of their forts, shine.

34. O warrior, thou art well equipped with food-stuffs and water,
and imbued with valour. May the army of heroes, with the teach-
ing of the art of government illuminate thee, the destroyer of the wicked
and winner of wealth in every battle-field.

35. O learned person, fond of charity, full of knowledge, reside in
pleasant happiness. On the basis of virtue, establish good relations
between the King and the subjects. Taught by the sages, thou shouldst
justly respect noble qualities. Give long life to the king and his people.

36. He acquires happiness, who follows the charitably disposed
learned persons, is an aspirant after religious practices, resplendent with
noble traits, a seeker after knowledge, pure-tongued, passing mighty,
wise through religious austerities, foremost amongst the celibates, a
possessor of thousands of virtues, a grasper of noble characteristics, and
pure like fire.

30. The purport of this verse as given by Swam! Dayananda is, that we should con*
struct houses full of doors, comfortable in all seasons, affording all round protection, and
installed with electricity.

32. He who knows the use and science of electricity never leads a life of poverty,

114 YAJUR VEDA

37. O learned person, praiseworthy, chastiser of the wicked,
loved by the sages, and sinless, acquire beautiful and attractive complexion.
Be pure. Thou art full of noble qualities. Assume the role of a teacher.

38. O skilled physician, arrange for the supply of pure and sweet
waters, with their help, let medicinal plants with goodly berries spring
for the cure of consumption-like diseases of the people.

3d. O wife, the embodiment of fine qualities, may the air blowing
in the mid-region, purified through yajna, strengthen thy well trained
heart.

O learned husband, giver of comforts, thou hast got a heart discip-
lined by the wise through the pleasant exercises of breath, may I bring
thee, the source of happiness, reverence, glory, strength and well-being.

40. O householder, full of riches, blazing like fire, well-renowned
for knowledge reside in a comfortable nice house, and robe thyself in
many-hued attire.

41. O householder, lord of good deeds, arise. With Godlike
thought protect us well. Shining like fire, sharer of all good things
verily splendid to behold like the resplendent sun ; study all sciences
with thy praiseworthy qualities.

42. O learned teacher, arise erect, for our protection, like the
brilliant sun high up in the sky. May thou, like shining beams, follow
the pursuit of knowledge, with disciplined intelligent pupils trained in
the art of grappling with knowledge. We specially invoke thee.

43. O learned person, just as the sun, well-known on the Earth and
the Sky, beautiful, infuser of strength in medicinal plants, wonderful,
moving all around, subdues the glooms of nights, so should the child obtain
knowledge.

44. O intelligent son, steady be thou to acquire knowledge, learn
statesmanship, be stout in body, be active, learn the use of fiery instru-
ments, be diffuser of happiness, and teacher of moral duty of protecting
the weak.

45. O beloved son, be propitious to creatures of the human race.
Weep not for the objects between the heaven and earth, in air's mid region,
and for trees.

37. A teacher should possess the qualities mentioned in the verse.

42. We :-the pupils.

44. The father instructs the son as to the qualities he should possess.

45, One should not weep over the wordly objects, but should try to protect and utilise
them.

CHAPTER XI 115

46.* O noble son, like the fast moving, neighing, running, strong
horse, die not ere thy time. Utilising electricity for thy safety, waste
not thy energy. Just as the powerful, adorable sun takes away waters
from the sea, and causes rain, so shouldst thou come hither for bestowing
happiness.

47. O good children, just as we realise, like air, the true, indes-
tructible, steady, excellent, protection affording electricity, so should ye
remain happy, after mastering this auspicious electricity. The medicinal
food like barley, which ye obtain, is secured by us also.

O physician, remove from us in various ways the unimpartible pain
of diseases, and being well versed in medical science, banish all our evil
thoughts.

48. O women, use medicinal plants laden with bloom and goodly
fruit, so that your conception experienced at the time of menstruation
may stay in the womb in its proper place. Use the medicines prepared
from nice flowery herbs full of fruits.

49. O husband, resplendent with thy wide-extending strength,
chastise the voluptuous, and degraded women, painful to mankind like
fell diseases. May I remain in your comfortable house, as the wife of
one, highly graceful, pure in dealings, and lustrous like fire.

50. O wives, be pure and sweet like waters, and full of happi-
ness. Stick to us steadfastly, for energy, valour, and highly memorable
battle-fields.

51. O wives, we have got to perform a highly pleasant, joyful
duty in this domestic life. Just as mothers in their longing love feed the
child, so should ye perform it in a spirit of love and devotion.

52. O wives, calm like waters, be contented in our house, and
rear good sons. May we nobly attain to ye.

53. O husband, friend unto all, for the health of the people, with
the aid of knowledge, justice and instruction, having determined the
earth and space, thou givest me pleasure : I bring fame unto thee, master
of the vedas, and enjoying good reputation.

54. O husband and wife, just as airs, making the sun shine, set
the earth aglow with lofty light : and as the brilliant sun, born of airs,

47. We : parents.

48. For the preservation of their conception, women should use medicines which help
in its proper growth.

50. Husband and w ife should always remain together and be never separated,
on the battle-field. This is the grand vedic ideal of their constant companionship.

116 YAJUR VEDA

sheds constant light on material objects, so shouldst ye enlighten the
people, with knowledge and justice and bring happiness unto them.

55. O husband, just as a potter with the dexterity of his hand
and skill, utilizes the clay, so render soft-hearted the celibate girl, well
trained by the vasus, the Rudras, and the self controlled instructors.
Take her as thy wife, who through love makes the girls strong.

56. O venerable, ever-happy wife, utilise the services of a maid
servant, who, full of love, with lovely looks, nobleminded, cooker of nice
meals, places the cooking-pan in thy hands.

57. O householder, thou art the head of domestic yajna. Prepare
medicines with thy cooking skill, thy arms, and thy intellect, May thy
wife bear semen in her womb, as a mother bears her son in her lap.

58. O learned celibate young woman, thou art steady like air,
and giver of happiness, may the learned Vasu Brahmcharis, with the
teachings of Gayatri verses, as given in the Vedas, make thee my wife.
O celibate young man, thou art steady like vital air, and full of
forbearance like the earth, may the learned Vasu Brahmcharis, with
the teachings of Gayatri verses as given in the Vedas, make thee my
husband. Establish in me, thy wife, good progeny, abundant wealth,
mastery of speech and land, and excellent valour. May we both
handover the children born alike, to a learned teacher for acquiring
knowledge. O learned celibate young woman, thou art stead-fast like the
sky, and highly lovely, may the learned Rudra Brahmcharis, with the
teachings of Trishtup verses as given in the vcdas, make thee my wife.
O celibate young man, thou art steadfast like the sky, and full of love may
Rudra Brahmcharis, with the teachings of Trishtup verses, as given in the
Vedas, make thee my husband. May thou establish in me, virtuous
children, abundant wealth, art of teaching, and excellent valour. May we
both, hand over the children born of the same womb, to a learned teacher,
the master of the Vedas, for learning the vedic lore from him.

55. Vasus :, Learned persons who observe celibacy for 24 years.
Rudras :- Persons who observe celibacy for 44 years.

Girls strong - Improves the girls physically, intellectually and morally.

56. Trained and intelligent maid-servants should be employed by householders to cook
meals.

57. Medicines should be used for the preservation of conception.

58- A Vasu Brahmchari is one who observes the vow of celibacy of 24 years. A Rudra
Brahmchari remains celibate for 44 years, and an Aditya Brahmchari for 48 years. These
learned persons unite the young man and woman in wedlock, reciting the vedic verses
dilating upon the respective duties and responsibilities of domestic life.

Born alike means born of the same womb, without distinction.

CHAPTER XI 117

O learned celebate young woman, thou art steady like the sky, and
brilliant like the sun. May the learned Aditya Brahmcharis, with the
teachings of Jagati verses as given in the vedas, make thee my wife. O
celibate young man, thou art steadfast like the sky and brilliant like the
sun. May the learned Aditya Brahmcharis, with the teachings of Jagati
verses as given in the Vedas, make thee my husband. Establish in me
good progeny, abundant wealth, full mastery of knowledge, and excellent
valour. May we both hand over the children giving them instructions
from their infancy, to a learned teacher, for receiving education. O
beautiful and glorious wife, thou art steadfast like the vital air, and
famous in all directions. May all the sages and preachers, with the
teachings of Anushtup verses as given in the Vedas, entrust thee to my
care. O husband, thou art steadfast like the vital air, and famous in all
directions, may all the sages and teachers place thee in my charge.
Establish in me, good progeny, abundant wealth, wisdom of speech, and
excellent valour. May we both hand over our children for receiving
education, to a learned teacher who preaches truth.

59. O learned teachress, thou art the bestower of education. Let
the son and daughter, observing celibacy, receive education from thee.
Thou, like a mother, handest over the big earthen cooking-pan to thy
pupils, to be placed near the fire, so that being trained in the art of
cooking, they cook nicely their meals.

60. O male or female student, may the vasu Brahmcharis, with
the Gayatri verses as given in the vedas coach thee dear as life. May
the Rudra Brahmcharis with the Trishtup verses as given in the vedas,
coach thee, a seeker after knowledge. May the Aditya Brahmcharis^
with the Jagati verses as given in the vedas coach thee, pure like air.
May all the noble teachers and religious preachers, with the Anushtap
verses as given in the vedas, coach thee, lustrous like electricity. May
the King coach thee in statesmanship. May the Lord of Justice coach
thee in the art of administering justice. May the yogi coach thee in
yogic practices.

61. O child free from sin and blame, may the lady advanced in

59. A teachress should give instruction to her pupils in the art of cooking also,
besides teaching them other branches of knowledge.

61. Just as earth is dug, well is constructed and water drawn out, so the teacher draws
out the latent faculties of the head and heart of the pupil. The word W^ which means digging,
has figuratively been used for developing the mental and intellectual faculties of the child.

The student girl is advised in this verse, to lead a life of celibacy, and acquire know-
ledge from different ladies mentioned therein.

118 YAJUR VEDA

knowledge amongst the learned, expert in teaching, well read, in any part
of the earth, educate thee, brilliant like fire.

O educated young girl, may the wife of a learned person, most
advanced in knowledge amongst the learned, well read, in any part of the
earth, educate thee, dear as life.

O girl, seeker after knowledge, may the lady advanced in knowledge
amongst the learned, wise, sweet-tongued and well read, in any part of
the earth, enlighten thee, strong as vital air.

O girl, receiving education, may a learned, noble, beautiful lady, in
any part of the earth make thee glorious like the sun.

O girl student, may a lady advanced in knowledge amongst the
learned, full of pure knowledge, and well versed in the vedas, in any part
of the earth, make thee forceful like electricity.

O girl desirous of knowledge, may a learned lady, attired in beautiful
clothes, and air-minded, well-known for her virtues, the bestower of fine
moral qualities, in a good place of the earth, make thee sweet, like the
juice of medicinal herbs.

62. O woman, protect the valuable ancestral property of thy
glorious husband, who loves thee, is the guardian of the people, and master
of various nice foodstuffs.

63. O woman, let thy majestic husband, with lovely arms, with
lovely hands, with lovely fingers, by the power he hath, make thee, resid-
ing on the earth, pregnant. Thou shouldst serve thy husband without
fear, and fill all directions with thy desire and fame.

64. O educated girl, be highly active, and firm in noble resolves.
Get ready, and shedding idleness, marry this husband. O friend, I hand
over this girl to thee, to remain without fear. Never separate her from
thyself.

65. O man or woman, may the vasu Brahmcharis, illuminate thee
like fire, with Gayatri verses. May the Rudra Brahmcharis, strengthen
thee like vital breath with Trishtup verses. May the Aditya Brahmcharis
make thee pure and lustrous, with Jagati verses. May all the sages and
preachers of truth, make thee pure like medicinal herbs, with Anushtap
verses.

62. Wife should inherit the property of her husband, and keep it in tact.

64, I:- Priest.

65. Gayatri verses :- which preach high sciences.

Trishtup verses : which dilate upon action, meditation and knowledge,
Jagati verses >which reveal the nature of material objectsi
Anushtap verses :-which remove our miseries,

CHAPTER XI 119

66. Realisc> through the practice of truth, the thoughtful soul, fit to
Understand the true essence of things and their use.

Realise through yoga, mind, wisdom, and soul their impeller, know
fully the firelike soul, the impeller of thought and knowledge.

Realise well speech and steady abstraction of the mind, and their
urger, the yogic force.

Revere the wise ruler, the Protector of the people.
Eulogise the Self Effulgent Lord, the Friend of all.

67. Let all mortals seek the friendship of God, the maker of the
universe. Let all use arms for glory and wealth, and possess truthful
speech, fame and food. Just as thou prosperest thereby, let all of us
prosper.

68. O mother, wean us not from education, harm us not. Accomp-
lish with determination the task undertaken. May thou and thy son thus,
resolute like fire, finish this task worth doing.

69. O wife, equipped with knowledge, and possessing learning vast
like the earth, thou hast corrected the low mentality of self-interest-
ed persons, with food and water, for their good. Make me thy husband
prosper. Being non-violent, attain to fame in this domestic life. May
this oblation be accepted by the learned.

70. O husband, fed on fruits of trees, and clarified butter, ever
worthy of respect, giver and taker, the son of the strong, wonderful in
qualities, deeds and temperament, be famous in this domestic life for
enjoying happiness.

71. O well qualified girl, reject those who are equal or inferior to
thee in strength and learning. I want to marry thee.

Protect the good persons of the family, which I belong to.

72. O learned and dignified husband, lord of conveyances propelled
by fire, excellent in affording protection, loved by many, come hitherward
from the farthest distance, for marrying this beautiful renowned and
well-behaved girl, and overcome our foes along with her.

67. Thou :-a lea mid person.

70, Giver and taker i-The husband gives sound advice to the wife, and takes good counsel
from htr.

72. The veda condemns the near and advocates the distant marriages. Swami Dayananda,
in his immortal book the Satyarth Prakash mentions in details the drawbacks of near, and
advantages of distant marriages. Our : Parents,

120 YAJUR VEDA

73. O most youthful young man or woman, tna^ we put in tne
earthen pot all eatables belonging to thee. All that belongs to us, is
thine. Eat the ghee that belongs to us. All that belongs to thee is ours.
May we use the ghee that belongs to thee.

74. O most youthful husband, whatever thou eatest, or whatever
thy wife, free from greed, with control over her palate, eatest and the
breath that comes sharply out of her mouth, that all is thine. Eat the
ghee that is thine.

75. Just as we, with unceasing care bring fodder day after day to a
stabled courser, so may we, amassing all the enjoyable objects of life,
pleased with food and growth of riches, leading a religious life, never
injure this learned householder, fit for domestic life, free from injustice.

76. Just as we put oblations in the fire enkindled on earth's navel,
so we for ample increase of our riches, hail the commander of the army,
most calm in the midst of armies, relisher of meals, much applauded,
warrior, fast like electricity, and conqueror.

77. Whatever hosts there are, fiercely assailant, charging all round
with weapons, drawn up in order with arms. Whatever thieves there are,
whatever robbers, all these I put under the care of the King for deserving
chastisement.

78. O King, devour the burglars, with both tusks, destroy the
robbers, with thy teeth. With both thy jaws, eat up the thieves and
cheats.

79. The burglars living among men, the thieves and robbers in
the wood, criminals lurking in their lairs, these do I lay between thy
jaws.

73. We, us :- The near relatives of the boy or girl.

74. There should be no distinction between the belongings of the husband and wife.
What belongs to the husband is the property of the wife, and vice versa-

75. We:- relatives and neighbours,
Householder:- Wife.

77. Just as everything put in the mouth of the fire is burnt, so boisterous enemies,
thieves and robbers are placed under the King for due punishment.

78. The language is figurative. The tusks, teeth and jaws of the King are his policy,
punishment, discipline and diverse means of suppressing the evil-minded people.

79. I :- Commander of the army.

Thy:- the King. Just as grass is laid in the jaws of an animal to be chewn, so wicked
persons are placed at the disposal of the King for punishment.

CHAPTER XI

&0. Turn thou to ashes, him, who would seek to injure us, the
man who looks on us with hate, and the man who slanders and deceives us.

81. Praiseworthy be my and his knowledge of the vedas.

Praiseworthy be his manly strength and force. Praiseworthy be
his victorious power and dynasty of whom I am the household priest.

82. May I, with the strength of vedic knowledge and aid of God
excel the wicked persons, in strength, and might. I ruin the foes and lift
my friends to a high position.

83. O Lord of Food, vouchsafe us a share of food that invigorates
us, and brings no sickness. Onward, still onward lead the giver. Grant us
maintenance both for quadrupeds and bipeds.

80. Thou :- King.

81. My:- the purohit or priest.

His:- the householder, i.e., Yajman.

82. I :- Household priest.

83. Lord of food :- Priest or yajman (Sacrificr).

CHAPTER Xlt

1. Just as the shining beaming sun, exhibits the diverse material
objects on this vast solid earth, so does a man, desirous of wealth, extre-
mely lovely, full of vitality, enjoy undaunted life, free from the injury of
foes, in his long life, and beget this learned offspring.

2. Night and Dawn, different in hue, accordant, meeting together,
suckle like two mothers one same infant the sun, which, pleasant in sight,
shines between the heaven and earth. The powerful divine forces support
him.

3. God is adorable, Omniscient, Maker of the universe, worthy of
worship at dawn, Shaper of all material objects, Bringer of good for the
quadrupeds and bipeds, and Remover of their troubles,

4. O learned person thou hast action, contemplation and learning
for thy head. Gayatri is thy eye. Brihat and Rathantra are thy wings.
Rig Veda is thy soul. Metres are thy limbs. The hymns of the yajur
veda are thy name. The vamdevya saman is thy body. The deeds worth
doing and shunning are thy tail. The yajnas are thy hooves. Thou art
high souled, and master of noble qualities. Acquire knowledge and attain
to happiness.

5. O learned person, purified by the instruction of God, thou art
the rival-slayer. Follow the teachings of Gayatri verses ; and utilise all
earthly objects for thy benefit. Thou knowest the law of cause and effect,
and art the destroyer of the proud. Know the significance of verses in
Trishtup metre ; and control the mid-air.

2. Him : the sun.

Just as mother and nurse suckle the child, so do day and night protect and support
the sun.

4. Head :- Whereby a learned person removes all miseries.
Gayatri :- The knowledge given in the Gayatri verses.

Brihat and Rathantra :- The well known songs of the Sam Veda.

Name :-The source of glory and fame.

Vamdevya :-The portion of the Samveda, named so, as it is revealed by Vam, the one
worshipful God.

Tail :-The source of support.

Hooves :- Just as hooves are the supporters of an animal, so the yajnas are the props
of a learned person.

5. Trishtup verses .--They deal with the spiritual and physical enjoyments and those
derived from the forces of nature. Jagati verses give us the knowledge of the science of
universe* Anushtap verses give us the desired happiness.

CHAPTER XII 123

Thou knowest the pervading electricity, are the chastiser of the
opponents of the spread of learning. Master the knowledge derived
from the verses in Jagati metre, and utilise the heat of the sun.

Thou knowest the pervading air, and art the foeman-slayer, under-
stand the instructions given in verses revealed in Anushtap metre, and
master all directions.

6. O people, just as a ruler attains to fame in a day, and thunder-
ing like the lightning meets with the foes; just as the earth fills the trees
with fruits, so he rewards soon, for the happiness of his subjects, their
good and bad deeds. Just as the sun, blazing and manifesting visibly all
the material objects, adorns the Earth and Heaven, and fills the universe
with lustre, so a person possessed of noble qualities, be elected as a
ruler.

7. Return to me, thou ever-returning learned person, with life,
literary lustre, progeny, and treasure, with wisdom that explains all
departments of knowledge, with intellect and abundance.

8. O scientist filled with the delight of knowledge; may thy visits
be a hundred, and thy returns a thousand. With the increase of strength-
giving wealth, give us anew the knowledge unknown before, give us again
wealth.

9. O learned teacher, save us again and again from vices. Protect
us again and again. Grant us again and again noble resolves, nourishing
diet, and valorous deeds.

10. O learned person, shun evil deeds, and enjoy happiness, with
wealth, and speech, the imparter of all enjoyable objects and the retainer
of all knowledge.

11. O King, enter the Assembly, I declare thee as the ruler.
Stand steadfast and immovable. Let all thy subjects long for thee. Let
not thy Kingship fall away.

12. O ruler, the controller of foes and dispenser of justice, con-
troller of thy kingdom like the eternal sun, release us from the up-
most bond, let down the lowest and remove the midmost. So may we,
for thy kingship, be sinless in the observance of thy true and just laws.

7. A learned person visits the house of a householder now and then, and grants him
through his instructions the objects mentioned in the verse.

11. I .--Purohit, who anoints the King.

12. The bonds fastened in the upper, middle and lower parts of the body can be released
by the order of the King-

124 YAJUR VEDA

13. O king, just as the brilliant sun rising early, resides beauti-
fully in the sky before the dawns, removes darkness with its light
and lustre, reaches the universe, and fills with splendour all material
objects, so should'st thou live amongst thy subjects.

14. God is the Destroyer of evil deeds, the Embodiment of purity,
the Supporter of the virtuous, Steadfast in the laws of religion, the Imbiber
of Truth, Omnipresent. Adorable, Present in the minds of the people and
sages, Wedded to Truth, Ubiquitous, Creator of vital breaths, animals, and
the vedas, the Bringer of clouds, True and Mighty.

15. O aspirant after knowledge, shine thou in the presence of thy
mother. Filled with the lustre of pure character and knowledge, sit in
the lap of this thy mother, thy support like earth. Learn from her all
holy ordinances. Never think of putting her to grief with distress and
violence.

16. O majestic King, master of the vedas, tormenting the foes,
seated in thy study room, live in the mid&t of thy subjects, with love.
Be gracious, suppressing the enemies with the glowing strength of thy
subjects.

17. O King, the destroyer of foes, being propitious unto us thy
subjects, be gracious in this world. Filling thy subjects living in all
directions with grace, sit on thy seat of government, and be calm in thy
task of administration.

18. O King thou art firstly born like the sun in heaven; thou art
secondly full of knowledge from amongst us. Thou art thirdly, most
thoughtful among men, with control over senses.

Just as a learned person constantly applauds and stimulates thee, so
shouldst thou praise thy subjects.

19. O learned person, may we know thy three duties in three
stages. May we know thy name, parentage and birth place, worthy of

14. The verse is the same as 10-24 but with a different interpretation and thus free
from the cbange of repetition.

16. A king makes all plans for attacking the enemies, in a calm silent contemplative
mood seated in his study room.

18. The threefold qualities of a King are mentioned in this verse. (1) he should be full
of lustre and brilliance like the sun, (2) full of knowledge (3) a deep thinker and self
controlled. The verse may also refer to Ashramas in which people should acquire knowledge,
wealth, practise penance and spread vedic light.

19. Three duties:- Knowledge, Action and Contemplation.

Three Stations :- Brahmcharya, Grihastha and Vanprastha Ashram***

CHAPTER XII 125

acceptance. May we know what peculiar name supreme thou hast hidden
in intellect. In order to approach thee well, may we know thee as our
assuager like the well.

20. O learned person, I the lover of leaders, illuminate thee, like
lightning in the sky. I, the judge of the worth of men, spread thy fame
over seas, The high-souled literary persons, like the sun in the third
high region, elevate thee in the midst of the subjects.

21. The sun, like the roaring, lightning, helping the growth of
medicinal herbs, speedily sets in motion the material objects, strikes
against the earth with its beams, rising in full glory, kindles on all sides
the Heaven and Earth with its rays ; and shines with full lustre in the
universe.

22. Elect him as a ruler who is lustrous like the sun in fore-front
of the dawns, the giver of wealth, the master of riches, the bestower of
wisdom, the protector of prosperity, the observer of the vow of celibacy,
the son of a strong father, and the controller of his senses.

23. Elect him as a ruler, who is the protector of the whole world,
springs to life in its midst ; fills the Earth and Heaven opposing the foes,
cuts to pieces the powerful enemy, just as the sun cuts asunder the
dense cloud, is full of knowledge, and respected by five classes of persons.

24. God has established among mortals, knowledge, which is accep-
table, purifier, knowable, wise and immortal. The same knowledge, with
its active brilliance, pervading the universe, and sustaining the world,
dispels darkness devoid of light.

25. Know God, who manifests the universe, is fascinating, full of
grace, the Giver of life free from calamities, displays Himself in imperish-
able, lustrous earth, is All-pervading, Self -illuminating, full of manifold
vitalities, and Creator of this world.

26. O lovely, young learned person, the bestower of enjoyments,
always select him as thy cook, who can prepare highly delicious, palatable
meals, mixed with butter, fit to be taken by the wise.

27. O learned person, appoint him as thy cook, who has worked
with the rich, who feels pleased with praise and acts upon the instructions
given, is dear to respectable persons, and knows the use of fire, lives
peacefully with your sons and grandsons, and tears asunder the foes.

20. I> God.

23. Panch Jana> Brahman, Kshatriya, Vaish, Shudra, and Nishad, It may also mean,
the four Ritvijas, Hot a, Adhwaryu, Udgata, Brahma, and the yajman, sacrifice!-. It may also
mean, five praoas, as a ruler is expected to have control over his breaths.

126 YAJUR VEDA

28. O learned person, the wise householders, under thy shelter,
daily acquire with thy assistance, all sorts of riches worthy of acceptance.
Desirous of wealth they resort to thee, as an agriculturist resorts to the
stable filled with cattle, or wishes for clouds filled with rain.

29. O learned sages, ye have applauded God, the Comforter of the
people, and the Support of all. Give us wealth and heroic children ;
whereby we, guardians of supremacy, free from hatred, attain to the
sovereignty of the earth and political sagacity.

30. O householders, just as fire is kindled with fuel, so serve the
learned preacher with well-cooked food, Welcome thy preacher guest
with ghee, just as fire is aroused with it in oblations. Give in charity, in
this world, all things worth giving.

31. O learned person, may all the sages nourish thee with their
knowledge. Thou, rich in light of learning, and endowed with noble
qualities, preach unto us elevating thoughts.

32. O King, the preacher of knowledge, just as the sun, resplen-
dent with its auspicious flames of fire, and shining with mighty beams of
light, works in the universe, so attain to happiness, and destroy not the
bodies of the subjects deserving protection.

33. He alone is fit to rule, who spreads knowledge, and administers
justice, kills the foes, roars like the lightning, protects the forest trees,
wages battles on the earth, is expert in statesmanship, and endowed with
noble qualities, speedily preaches religion, keeps with his power under
control, the Sun and Earth, and spreads around his lustre.

34. He should be put at the head of the army, who, full of brilli-
ance, shines like the sun with lofty splendour, stands with the officers in
our battles ; is loved by the learned, constantly on tour, full of bliss, the
advocate of learning and religion, and known as the protector of the State.

35. O learned persons, take in wedlock the girls, who like the
pure water are full of vast intellect and learning, good-looking and well-
behaved, full of glory, please their husbands in their beautiful homes; and
make them happy and contented. Just as the beautiful and well educated

32. Destroy not the body of any person. Don't five capital punishment. Hanging tn
the fallows is thus prohibited in the vedas.

33. This verse is the same as revealed in 12.6 and 12.21. The interpretation of each
is different from the other.

34. The soul after leaving the body at the time of death roams in air, waters and
plants, before it enters the womb for rebirth. The doctrine of the transmigratiom of soul is
propounded in this verse.

XII 127

WiVes bow unto you, so should you bow unto them. The husband and
wife should love this child like life, as a mother does her son.

36. O learned and tolerant soul, after roaming in waters and
plants, thou enterest the womb, and art born again and again.

37. O soul thou art born in plants, thou art born in trees, thou art
born in all created animate objects, thou art born in waters.

38. O soul, blazing like the sun. after cremation, having reached
the fire and the earth for rebirth, and residing in the belly of thy mother,
thou art born again.

39. O soul, having reached the womb, again and again, thou
auspiciously liest in thy mother, as a child sleeps in her mother's lap.

40. O noble parents, advance us with food and life, protect us
again and again from sinful conduct. O' son, remain aloof from vices,
with thy force of character, and keep us away from evil intentions.

41. O learned person, travel constantly in the world, with wealth
and seasoned speech, the sources of enjoyment, and serve the people.

42. O most youthful, and resourceful pupil understand the signi-
ficance of the eloquent speech of mine, thy protector and sustainer. One
will hate thee and another sing thy praises ; but never renounce the truth.
I, an adorer of thine bow at thy feet.

43. O preacher, the guardian of wealth, giver of riches to the
deserving, full of commendable knowledge, and wisdom, thou knowest
the truth. For the performance of all noble needs, and preaching the
truth, keep far away from us all evil designs.

44. O imparter of vedic knowledge and wealth, in the company of

37. After leaving the body, soul is reborn. By nature it is eternal, immortal and unborn,
but takes birth to reap the fruit of its actions. It is eternal with God and matter.

38. The soul, after cremation, before it enters the womb, roams in waters, earth, fire,
and material objects, the cause of creation.

40. The verse is the same as 12.9, but with a different interpretation.

41. The verse is the same as 12.10., but with a different interpretation.

42. I : pupil. Mine the preceptor.

In the first part the teacher instructs the pupil . and in the second, the pupil expresses
his gratitude towards his teacher.

43. A preacher is the guardian of the wealth of knowledge. He imparts this
wealth to others. A preacher is expected to be a man of knowledge and truthful speech. His
duty is to save humanity from evil thoughts.

44. Adityas : Brahmcharis who lead a life of celibacy for 48 years, and acquirt
knowledge.

Rudras .Those who remain celibate up to 36 years, and study the vedas.
Vasus : Who remain celibate and study the vedas for 24 years.
Brahmas .Who have mastered all the four vedas.

128 VAJUR VEDA

the learned, may thou improve thy body with butter. After the comple-
tion of study, let the Adityas, Rudras, Vasus and Brahmas, make thce
renowned. Let the sacrificer's wishes be fulfilled.

45. O learned persons, may all the aged and young scholars living
at present in the world acting as teachers and preachers impart spiritual
knowledge to this disciple filled with noble resolves. May thy teacher
grant thee a dignified position. Shun unrighteousness, and follow
Dharma, and stick to it particularly.

46. O learned teacher, thou art the embodiment of knowledge.
May I obtain thy strength for the accomplishment of wishes. Thou
removest my evils as the fire reduces the fuel to ashes. Thou art full of
strength like the lightning. Give me that strength. O' pupils, ye are the
achievers of knowledge, ye are the observers of the real spirit of religion,
hence always follow religion.

47. O highly cultured person, thou art worthy of praise, being
charitable in nature. Lightning and sun, ripen the juices of plants for
thee. I take in my belly the juice thus ripened. I full of intense desire
receive my wife, as my companion. Along with thee, I preserve the
foodstuffs, like a fast horse.

48. O social learned person, the splendour of thy knowledge is
found in the soul, in the earth, in plants, and in waters. Wherewith
thou hast overspread mid air's vast region. The light of the sun, that
gives sight to man, is the bringer of rain.

49. O learned person, with the light of thy knowledge, thou duly
singest the praise of waters beyond the light of sun, and those that are
beneath it here. Thou well preachest knowledge to the students who are
expert in the art of speaking.

50. All learned persons, endowed with various sorts of knowledge,
free from disease and malice, friendly towards all, shrewd in actions should
spread education and entertain hfgh aims.

51. O preceptor, vouchsafe thy wisdom unto us. May the son born
to us, be the begetter of different sorts of supremacy. Teach him while
receiving education, praiseworthy eloquence, eternal knowledge of the
vedas, and the Rigveda, the granter of success in all our actions.

46. Tnis verse is a dialogue between the teacher and pupils.

47. I : A householder.

As a fast horse preserves the rider and speedily takes him to his dastlnatlon so I
preserve the foodstuffs for proper use.

CHAPTER XII 129

52. O fire-like pure soul this is thine ordered birth, the giver of
happiness and remover of misery, whence sprung to life, thou shinest
forth. Knowing this do noble deeds, and cause our riches increase.

53. O girl, thou art the imparter of knowledge; with vedic lore re-
main steady like breaths. O celibate girl, thou art the master of
different sciences, with thy religious life, remain steady like God.

54. O girl, thy father, mother, and teachress who know the vedas,
impart thee knowledge for the emancipation of thy soul. Preserve that
knowledge with iron determination. Henceforth fill up all thy weak-
nesses, and please the people with thy knowledge.

55. The wives of learned persons, with beautiful bodies and tender
limbs, having good cooks and servants to milch the cows, being reborn
with knowledge, cook well prepared diet, in this beautiful domestic life.
They observing the laws of Brahmcharya, give happiness to their husbands
in past, present and future, in all pleasant domestic tasks and give birth
to good offspring.

56. O men and women, just as all vedic sacred speech, deep like
the sea, protector of the vedas and noble souls, master of supremacy,
magnifies on battlefields, the best amongst the warriors, and adds to his
glory, so shouldst ye magnify all.

57. O husband and wife, be dear to each other, shun sensuality, be
one-minded, dress nicely. Attain together to your goal, and use your
vigour for a common cause.

58. Together have I brought your minds, your vows, and your
thoughts. O teacher, our protector, be thou our guardian ; give food,
physical and spiritual strength to the sacrificer.

59. O learned preacher, in this world, thou art the follower of one
principle, wealthy, physically and spiritually strong. Having made all the
people blest, stick to thy duty of preaching ; thou giver of happiness, and
the dispeller of miseries.

52. Our :-Parents.

The Ritugami parents produce a noble child, who adds to the wealth and fame of the
parents.

58. I :- Acharya, preceptor ,
Your > Husband and wife.

59. One principle : vedic truth.

An updeshak should be a true follower of vedic principles, above want, physically
and spiritually strong. He should never forsake his duty of preaching the truth*

130 YAJUR VEDA

60. Be ye one-mined unto us, both of one thought, free from fault.

Harm not the Dharma worth-attaining. Harm not him who preaches
religion. Be ever gracious unto us, ye knowers of all knowledge.

61. The learned woman, calm like the earth, preserves in her
womb, like a mother, the healthy and beautiful son.

May the Omniscient God, the source of all noble actions, relieve
the child from pain, in all seasons, with His divine powers.

62. O learned woman, calm like the earth, seek some one else
besides our relatives of thievish and plundering nature. Don't wish for
an irreligious or uncharitable husband. Whatever course of action thou
choosest, may that succeed. To thee be homage.

63. O woman, the embodiment of true conduct, thine are the
foodstuffs, and substances brilliant like gold ; cut asunder ignorance, the
source of bondage. In unanimity with yama and yami, uplift thy husband
to the sublimest vault of happiness.

64. O woman, awe-inspiring to the wicked, I put in thy mouth
palatable food for the removal of thy physical ailments. People please
thee invoking thee as Bhoomi. May I know thee in every way as the
producer of good progeny, as earth produces foodstuffs.

65. O husband, calm like the earth, I fasten on thy neck, the
unbreakable binding noose of pure married life. The same do I fasten unto
me for thee. I enter this life for longevity. Let none of us disobey the
law of domestic life. Eat thou young man this food, which I eat.

O wife, the embodiment of virtue, follow strictly the duties of
married life. I give thee foodstuffs for thy prosperity.

60. Ye :- Husband and wife.
Us :-Teacher atd preacher.

61. Just as the earth preserves electricity and fire in its wcmb, so should the mother
preserve the child.

63. Yama :-the male administrator of justice.
Yami :-the female administrator of justice.

In unanimity means in consonance with, according to the wishes of the king and queen.

64. Bhoomi :-A woman is compared to earth. Just as earth produces nice fruits,
flowers and grains, so does a woman give birth to noble children.

65. The married couple should lead together a life of purity, and mutual love ; being
free from sensuality.

Unbreakable '-The vedic marriage is indissoluble and irrevocable, being a sacramant
and not a contract.

CHAPTER XII 131

66. He alone is fit to lead a married life, who, like God, the
Creator of the universe, and master of eternal laws, keeps constant
company with his wife and behaves properly, who, like the sun, opposes
the warriors on the battle-field,

67. The intelligent ply the ploughs. The wise for the comfort of the
learned, carry the yokes in different directions.

68. O people, use various implements for cultivating the earth.
Employ ploughs and yokes. Sow seed in a well prepared field. With the
knowledge of the science of agriculture and full consideration, be quick
to sustain and nourish yourselves. May we get the corn fully grown and
ripened in the near fields.

69. Happily let the ploughshares turn up the plough land, happily
go the hard-working ploughers with the 'oxen. O air and sun, nourishing
the earth with water, cause ye our plants bear abundant fruit.

70. Approved by all the learned persons, strengthened and sprinkled
with water and milk, the furrow be balmed with butter and honey.
The furrow will give us ghee so we should water it again and again.

71. O farmers the keen-sheared plough, the bringer of bliss, the
protector of foodstuffs, moves awry. It is the giver of fast, comfortable
conveyances. With it dig the solid earth for protection's sake.

72. O cook, the preparer of palatable meals, please with thy
vegetarian preparations, thy friends, the learned, the guests, the officials,
and the Pranas and Apanas, the protecting parents, and the children.

66. Just as the sun wages fight with the clouds, to make them rain, so should a true
Grihasthi wage war with the enemies in a battle and subdue them. He should be brave like
a warrior, and not timid. Ju?t as God, with His constant law creates the universe, and
protects all men, so should the husband always remain in the company of his wife for her
portection and behave properly towards her.

67. Agriculture is considered to be highly essential for the good of humanity. The
learned should follow this profession, and grow more food by scientific methods of cultivation,
say the use of fertilizers and tractors.

This verse can be applied for yoga as well, and interpreted like this. The yogis concen-
trate on different organs through samadhi. Through Sushumna, they control their breaths in
different ways.

70. The orthodox commentators interpret Sita as the wife of Shri Ram Chandra. There
is no history in the vedas. This is a wrong interpretation. Sita is the furrow traced in a
field when it is ploughed. The furrow should be fed with milk, honey and water, so that it
may grow sweet, fresh, good and pleasant corn.

71. Plough is the instrument of agriculture, which gives us prosperity and wealth
wherewith we can buy comfortable conveyances like motor cars and aeroplanes.

132 YAJUR VEDA

73. O persons, just as ye become free from ailments by getting
good food from inviolable cows, the source of prosperity, so should we.
Just as ye attain to the end of night at dawn, so should we. Just as ye
receive the light of this sun, so should we.

74. We all should live together amicably, as the year lives with
its parts, the dawn with its ruddy beams, the husband and wife with their
wonderful achievements, the sun together with his dappled courser, the
air, the earth with water, and the lightning with its exact thunder.

75. May I know the herbs that were born three years ago in the
earth, that pervade all the 107 vital parts of the body of the patients.

76. O physicians imbued with manifold wisdom and deeds, protect
my body from disease, with medicines having hundred, and thousand
growths. Cure your bodies as well. Know the innumerable vital parts of
your body. O mother thou shouldst also do like this.

77. O people derive happiness by the use of herbs full of blossoms
and fruits, conquerors of diseases like horses, and assuagers of physical
discomforts.

78. O learned mother comforting like the herbs, may I speak
unto thee in proximity, wholesome words. O active, virtuousson, may I,
your mother, enjoy your horse, cow, land, home, clothes and soul-force.

79. O souls, this unstable body like the decaying herbs is your
home. God has given ye abode in this ephemeral world like water on the
lotus-leaf. Enjoy this earth, nourish the body with food and medicine,
and attain to happiness.

80. O men go to places where there are herbs, just as kings go to
the battle-fields.

The sagacious physician, the slayer of fiendish ailments and chaser
of diseases, tells ye the qualities of the herbs. Take service from him
and them both.

81. May I know for the health of this patient, all medicines,

75. I : A physician.

Three years old : The herbs that grow to full maturity in three years ; and are fully
ripened.

One hundred and seven vital parts of this body as given in the text mean the several vital
parts in which the herbs pervade.

77. Just as swift horses help us in conquering foes, so do the medicinal herbs conquer
our diseases and physical discomforts.

80. Him : Physician.
Them : herbs.

81. I : Physiciaa.

CHAPTER XII 133

efficacious in nature, full of juice, rich in nourishments, and possessing
strength-giving power. May they all give me ease.

82. Oman, just as strong cows go forth from their stalls and feed
their calves, so do the healing virtues of the wealth-giving medicinal
herbs, used properly, strengthen thy body and soul.

83. O men, know the medicine that brings ye relief like the
mother. Like flowing streams pay back the debt of gratitude. Keep
afar whatever brings disease.

84. Just as a thief steals into the cattle-fold, by breaking through
the wall, so do all well-known healing plants, come out of the earth tearing
it asunder, and drive out from the body whatever malady there is.

85. When I, obtaining them beforehand, hold these medicinal
herbs within my hand, the root of life'-killing disease like tuberculosis
disappears.

86. O medicines, when ye creep in a patient part by part, joint by
joint, ye destroy his pulmonary disease, as a strong man destroys the
delicate bodily parts of the foe.

87. O physician, try to extirpate tuberculosis through well-regu-
lated nourishing diet, through control of breath (Pranayam) and through
medicines which fully relieve the patient of its pain.

88. O women discussing together the merits of the qualities of
medicines, follow these words of mine, that all medicines help each other.
Just as one helps the other, so should your teachress protect you.

89. Let fruitful and fruitless herbs, those that blossom and the
blossomless, created by God, relieve us from disease.

90. O learned persons, just as medicines .relieve me from sickness,
so should ye, relieve me from the curse's evil, the offence committed
towards the virtuous, violation of the orders of the xuler, and the entire
sin against the sages.

83. Any medicine or a physician that brings disease should be shunned.

Just as a flowing stream, into which the people throw their filth does them good by
watering their fields, so should you do good unto them in return* who are kind or nnkind to
you.

85. People should prepare medicines with their dexterous hands, and use them for
eradicating fell diseases.

I : Physician.

88. Mine : Physician's.

90. Curse :-The wishing of evil for others.

134 YAJUR VEDA

91. The learned talk about the medicines, that like the rays emana-
ting from the sun, come from an experienced physician. No disease shall
attack the man, whom, while he liveth, these pervade.

92. O woman, thou knowest fully all the herbs, whose King is
Soma, and which possess innumerable healing properties. Thou art most
advanced in their knowledge, prompt for the fulfilment of wishes, and
sweet to the heart.

93. O married man, God has created the various herbs, whose
king is Soma, that overspread the earth. With their aid, grant semen
for this woman, and spreacj the knowledge of these medicines
unto all.

94. O learned persons, collect all medicinal herbs, which are
known to ye, and which ye hear of, which are near at hand, or are found
at a distance. Advance the strength of the body with their use, and
impart their knowledge to this girl.

95. May not the herb I dig for some purpose, harm you, while
being dug. May our and your bipeds and quadrupeds be free from
disease by its use.

96. O physicians, discuss together the healing properties of the
herbs, with Soma as their head. O King we save from death the man

whose cure a learned physician knowing the vedas and up-vedas
undertakes.

97. O physicians know ye the medicines that cure catarrh, piles,
tumours, consumption in diverse forms, fistula, diseases of the mouth, and
those that cause excruciating pain in vital parts of the body.

98. O people, use the medicine that cures the patient suffering
from phthisis. It should be dug by a man expert in the art of smelling,
by an exalted person, by a knower of the vedas, by a well qualified
person, by a learned man and by a famous king.

99. O medically trained wife! just as medicine is the source of

91. These : medicines.

93. The use of medicines during the conception days is essential for the preservation
and growth of the foetus. At the time of conception also the use of medicines is necessary.

96. We : Physicians.

Upvedas : Arth Veda, Dhanur Veda, Ayur Veda, Gandharva Veda,

93. A novice, inexperienced person ignorant of the nature and qualities of herbs should
not dig them, so that they may not be destroyed. Expert and intelligent persons alone, hav-
ing some knowledge of the medicinal herbs, should dig them so that they may not be destroyed
and uprooted.

CHAPTER xn

Strength for me, removes my ailments and gives me power, so should'st
thou conquer my enemies, subdue the men who challenge me. Conquer
thou every kind of disease.

100. O man, thou knowest the merits and demerits of the herbs.
Whatever herb I dig, for whatever purpose or for whom I dig, mayest
thou be long-lived, with its use ; and having attained to long age, be
happy and famous by using the herb with a hundred shoots.

101. O physician, be thou our companion, who givest heartfelt
delight. Grant us happiness through the most excellent herb, whose
retainers are the trees.

102. God, whose laws are immutable, creates the Earth. He
pervades the sun, fire, waters and air. He, being Primordial, creates
the lustrous moon. Let us worship witt devotion, Him, Who is the
Embodiment of happiness. May He not harm me.

103. O man, utilise fully this earth, worthy of contact and full
of water. Its impelled, internal heat makes thy seed grow.

104. O learned person, whatever swiftness, purity, brightness and
fitness for sacrifice, there is in fire, may we acquire them all for thee
and for being virtuous.

105. May I get from this heat of the earth, corn and all streng-
thening foods. May I get the vedic speech, the repository of the true
knowledge of the Mighty God, and the source of truth.

May I banish diseases, that cause excruciating pains, disallow the tak-
ing of meals, as are the source of trouble to my organs of sense and body.

106. O learned person, possessing the light of knowledge blazing
like fire, brilliancy of diverse forms, and height of wisdom ; thou art the
giver of laudable knowledge to a worthy disciple. Thereby shine forth,
thy lustre, life-strength, and knowledge worthy of adoration and hearing.

107. O man, just as a son, passing through Brahmcharya Ashram
(student life) acquires knowledge and with the light of his learning,
fcnparts justice like the lustre of the sun, carries on his studies
uninterruptedly, just as the sky and earth are allied together, so should'st
thou receive education, manage the affairs of the State, and serve thy
father and mother.

108. O son, imbued with wisdom and wealth, to thee, the learned
teachress and the mother nobly born, doing wondrous deeds for thy pro-
tection, and master of admirable qualities, give food to eat. Rejoice
thyself, always occupied with thy own praiseworthy hands in serving
others, and never swerwing from the path of rectitude,

136 YAJUR VEDA

109. O man, active like fire, possessing unusual strength unlike
mortals, gaining power, possessing beautiful appearance, and preserving
ancient wisdom, thou acquirest splendour thereby. Increase our wealth
with the cooperation of other persons.

110. O learned person, thou art the performer of prosperous sacri-
fice (yajna), exceedingly wise, laudable, giver of huge riches, nice dweller,
protector of foodstuffs and earth, and preserver of immemorial vedic
wealth, hence thou art fit for veneration.

111. O man, just as learned persons accept with praise songs for
their happiness, the auspicious amongst the wise, the well-read, the
expounder of all sciences, the master of vast learning, the embodiment
of truth, and the leader of scholars, so shouldst thou do. They revere the
past generations of men. Thus do I instruct thee.

112. O king, may thy power spread in all directions. May thou
advance. May thou the master of knowledge and the science of fighting,
succeed in all battles.

113. O man of peaceful nature may juicy nutriments be procured
by thee, may thou learn military science for subduing the arrogant foes.
May thou amass strength. May thou, thus progress, win immortality,
following the noble teachings of God.

114. O most gladdening, prosperous fellow, make progress through
different means, like the sun with its beams. Strive for our prosperity,
O friend of vast happiness.

115. O learned person, just as a calf is fastened with its mother,
the cow, so thou, desirous for spiritual advancement, concentrate thy mind
with vedic speech obtained from God, the Support of all.

116. O King, the foremost realiser of essence of problems, all loyal
subjects turn to thee for the fulfilment of their wishes. Always protect
them.

117. He alone is fit to rule, wlio, full of brilliance, like the One
Self-sufficient Lord, is worthy of homage, self-resplendent, and shines
forth in God's attributes in the past and future.

111. I: God.

113. Juicy nutrimeott :~Mi& and wfttof*

CHAPTER Xltf

1. I realise within me God first of all, for increase of my know-
ledge, good offspring and manly strength. So may noble virtues wait
upon me.

2. O God, Thou art the Support of waters, the Cause of fire, the
Enveloper of ocean as it swells and surges, the Loftiest of all, Worthy
of adoration by humanity, and full of Majesty in space. Shine forth for
us with Omnipresence and Omniscience.

3. That God alone is Adorable, Who. in the beginning of the
universe, created everything, is wide ip expansion, Highest of all,
Effulgent, and Worthy of worship. The sun, moon and other worlds
in the atmosphere, stationed in their orbits, testify to His knowledge. He
pervades them all through His Omnipresence and comprehends the
visible and the invisible in space.

4. God, is the creator of the universe, its one Lord, the Sustainer
of luminous objects like the sun. He was present before the creation
of the world. He sustains the earth, the sun and this world. Let us
worship with full devotion of our soul, Him, the Embodiment of
happiness.

5. Seven forces realise Him. He engulfs this earth, the sun and
the sky. In His fullness, He favourably possesses happiness and energy.
Moving in Him, I willingly perceive complete pleasure.

6. May the denizens of all planets of the universe obtain food.
May all the living creatures residing in the atmosphere, the sun and
roaming on the earth obtain food.

7. Supppress through arms the movements of dacoits and plunderers
who live in forests ; and lie hidden in unknown paths.

8. Subdue with arms, all these evil-minded persons, who genera-
lly remain hidden, and now and then appear in the day time, or walk
freely in the light of the sun, or dwell in waters.

2. This verse is the same as 1129, but with a quite different interpretation.

5. Seven :*-soul, mind and five Pranas. Soul realises God, with the aid of the mind and
five pranas.

6. God supplies food to all creatures living on the earth in space and in the sun. This
means there are living creatures in the Sun, Mercury, Mars, Uranus, and Neptune etc., whom
God supplies sustenance, fltf does not mean serpent here, as Griffith interprets it, but moving
living creatures, as interpreted by Swami Dayananda.

138 YAJUR VEDA

9. O Commander of the army, increase thy vigour, master the
earth well-ordered like a net. Thou art the extirpator of foes, attack
them like a king equipped with ministers and military paraphernalia.
Strengthening thy hold with most deadly weapons, facing and killing the
fiends, subdue them soon.

10. O Commander, specimen of morality, keep thy fast moving
brave soldiers, well disciplined in the army. Like the swift movements
of lightning, let them fall falcon-like on the enemies. With uninterrupted
force, let fire-arms, brilliant like the flames of fire fed with ghee, rain
over the foes ; and train well thy horses.

11. O destroyer of foes like fire, put shackles on and speedily
punish the troublesome evil-minded enemy of yours and ours, may he be
far or near, so that he may not harm us. May thou be the harmless guar-
dian of the people of thine,

12. O king, make progress in thy duty of administration, extend
happiness to the virtuous. O terrible chastiser, burn down the irreli-
gious foes. O splendid person, humiliate and consume utterly like dried
up stubble, him, who encourages our foe.

13. O King, rise high, punish the wicked foes righteously, mani-
fest the objects prepared by our steady scholars, enhance pleasures.
Destroy the kitchens and other places of plundering of the vigorous
enemies. Kill the foes. I settle thee with fire's ardour.

14. O king, just as this sun, in the midst of luminous sky, as the
Head of earth, foremost of all, the protector of all, satisfies men with the
strength of waters, so shouldst thou be. I appoint thee for kingship,
with the strength of the sun.

15. O learned person, know, that country flourishes, in which,
there are men like thee active as air, leaders of supremacy, and heads of
justice ; where there are men to carry on the administration of the land
with good statesmanship; where ~the country is preserved by efficient
officials ; and where the wisdom-inspiring and pleasure-giving speech
is used.

16. O queen, living in the company of thy religious-minded
husband, and adorned with dress, ornaments and good qualities, acquiring
knowledge and practising religion, remain steadfast. Being free from

13. I :-Purohit or general.

14. I .The priest.

16. Samudra has been cnmpared to lust, Just as ocean is endless so is lust.

CHAPTER XI11

distress, advance the country under thy rule. Let no lascivious person
torment thee, let not thy husband with beautiful body, harm thee.

17. O learned queen, the King establishes thee, full of knowledge,
reverence, and wide fame, on the seat of justice, like a canoe at a suitable
place on the waters of the ocean. Thou art comforting like the Earth.
Be famous in doing justice unto females, as thy husband does unto men.

18. O Queen, thou art patient like the earth, hence control the
earth. Thou, the organiser of household affairs, and the conductor of
full administration, art firm like the earth, hence steady the earth.
Thou art unagitated like the glorious sky, hence do the earth no injury.

19. O woman, may thy learned husband, protect thee, with
pleasure-giving deeds and beautiful peaceful acts, for full longevity,
removal of misery, acquisition of various noble performances, vigour,
veneration, and religious duties. May thou attain to fame, living perma-
nently with thy husband, as cause and effect are inseparable.

20. O woman, just as the grass increases widely from all sides,
with hundreds and thousands of joints and knots, so lengthen out our
line of descendants with sons and grandsons.

21. O beautiful, well-built woman, just as hundreds and thousands
of bricks build and magnify a house, so dost thou increase our family with
hundreds of sons and grandsons, and profusely enrich it with thousands of
articles. We serve thee with nice presents.

22. O brilliant learned teachress, gladden us with all thy tastes, just
as lights in the sun, with their beams, spread brilliance all around. With
all those tastes make us always friendly towards the lovely famous person.

23. O learned persons, whatever love ye have got for the sun, the
cows and horses, with all that inculcate love in us, just as the teacher and
preacher incite our love for learning. O unbiassed learned examiner,
examine us.

24. The woman, who, filled with the light of different sorts of
knowledge, spreads learning, and the morally advanced person, who shines
like lightning, may both these husband and wife attain to happiness.

Live permanently like soul, with thy husband, who is learned and
godly in nature. O woman, thy husband, the guardian of his progeny,
establishes thee, endowed with learning on this earth, in a place of res-

22* Lovely famous person may mean the husband of the teachress,
Tastes : Likings, hobbies. *

23. Students address their teachers,

140 YAJUR VEDA

ponsibility, for the acquisition of happiness, removal of suffering, and the
practice of yoga for preaching noble qualities, actions and attributes.
Imbibe thou full knowledge.

25. Let the Chetra and Baisakh months, parts of spring, born of
heat, mutually inter-related, contribute to my prosperity. Let these
months be the source of happiness to all. In those months let sun and
earth, and water be pleasure-giving. Let medicinal herbs grow in them,
and heat be useful to us. O learned persons, wedded to truth, keeping
before ye in spring time, the fervent seekers after knowledge attain to
prosperity. Just as the sun and earth, through the dispensation of God,
steadfastly work together like breath, so should you wife and husband
live constantly together.

26. O wife, thou art unconquerable by foes. Being patient, tolerate
me thy husband. Possessing a thousand manly powers, anxious to oppose
an army, overpower the foes. Just as I keep thee satisfied so shouldst thou
keep me pleased.

27. In spring the zephyrs blow coolly like water, the rivers and
oceans flow calmly, and medicinal herbs are filled with sweet juice.

28. In spring the nights are sweet, the days are sweet, the terres-
trial atmosphere is sweet, and light, our protector, is sweet unto us.

29. In spring, let trees give us sweet fruits, sun physical strength
and cows sweet milk.

30. O man, in spring, seat thyself in the deepness of waters, lest
sun, lest heat burning in all men, should afflict thee. Let well-built
subjects be under thy control. Let highly useful rain pour. Think deeply
and favourably over these points.

31. O learned person, as sun, the protector of our vital organs, the
cause of rain, the sustainer of pleasant water, attains to all pleasure-giving
regions, the mainstay of achieving our desires on earth, space and sky, in
past, present and future, so shoulcht thou. Tread thou the path of virtue^
as did thy ancestors.

32. O mother and father just as the Mighty Sun and Earth nourish
the world, so shouldst ye desire for the completion of our noble task of
getting education and rear us full with nourishments.

23. Chetra is March-April. Vaishakha is April-May. The heat of these months is useful
to us in ripening the wheat crop.

29. TO3: may also mean rays of the sun and lands. They also give as pleasure,
32. This verse is the same as 8-32, but with a different meaning.

CHAPTER XIII 141

33. God is the adorable, inseparable companion of the soul ; which
realises through His grace the actions and laws of the Omnipresent God.
O man, ye should also observe them.

34. O woman, thou art firm, and the master of noble qualities. A
learned person is first born of thee, and afterwards is born of virtuous,
talented gurus. Thy husband, equipped with the knowledge conveyed by
the Gayatri, Trishtup, and Anushtup vedic verses ; improving his talent
thereby, derives learning worthy of exchange.

35. O man thou art self-effulgent through knowledge. O woman
thou art graceful through learning and virtuous conduct. Strive together
for knowledge, riches, strength, fame, food, heroism and offspring. I en-
join ye, to protect your bodies and foodstuffs, being sweet like the water
of a well, and observing the teachings of the vedas.

36. O learned, powerful person, verily harness thou thy steeds,
whicK are well disciplined and trained, and carry the conveyance with
full force in thy attacks on the foe with righteous indignation.

37. O learned person, trained by ancient scholars, and charitable in
nature ; yoke like a charioteer thy steeds, well disciplined by the experts.
Seat thyself on the seat of justice.

38. Just as rivers flow, so do speeches, purified in the inmost recesses
of the heart and mind, come out of the mouth of a learned person. I, full
of brilliance, acquire those speeches, coming like the fast-moving showers
of rain from the midst of lightning.

39. O learned person, thou hast acquired the knowledge of all
objects of the universe, and the wisdom of lightning-like brilliant persons
being lovely of all human beings. We resort to thee for praise, for love
for the acquisition of spiritual knowledge, and for the light of justice.

40. O learned person, thou art luminous like fire, with the light of
thy knowledge. Thou art the giver of knowledge with thy splendour.
Like gold thou art the giver of innumerable comforts. We pay homage
to thee for acquiring vast knowledge.

41. O learned person, just as lightning supports with water, the
sun, that measures innumerable objects, and exhibits the whole universe,

33. The verse is the same, as 6-4.

Actions : creation, sustenance and annihilation of the universe.
Laws : Righteousness and performance of noble deeds.

34. A man takes his physical birth from his mother, and spiritual birth from his guru the
teacher, hence he is called DwijanmS (twice born).

Worthy of exchange :-Knowledge is a commodity which is received, and imparted,

142 tfAJUR VEDA

and is worthy of praise, so shouldst thou purify the inmost recesses of thy
heart. With thy glowing strength keep afar all diseases. Making the
progress, make your son live for a hundred years. Always shun pride.

42. O learned person, in the vast space, harm not the wind's
impetuous rush, the bond of ocean-wide water, and the cloud the tawny
child of rivers.

43. O learned person just as I constantly search for electricity,
newly produced, full of accomplishments, creator of foodstuffs, pure like
water, powerful like the horse, knowable by the highly learned, and
using it skilfully in each season, do not harm the indivisible beautiful
earth, so thou shouldst not harm electricity and this earth.

44. O learned person, residing in the supreme Lord, vast like the
space, harm not the vast Earth, attracted by the sun, the repository of
water, created by the Pre-eminent God, the Giver of countless fruits, and
the Cause of our protection, nor harm the lightning, the precursor of the
clouds.

45. O learned person, may thy displeasure spare the fire that has
its being from the heat of the Earth, or from the lightning of the sun,
whereby the Omnific Lord engenders creatures.

46. God is Wonderful and Powerful amongst all material objects.
He is the Manifestor of Pran, Udan, and fire. He pervades the air,
earth and heaven. He is the Creator and Sustainer of all that moveth
and moveth not.

47. O King, born as man, and wide-awake, possessing thousand-
fold vision, progressing for the attainment of happiness, don't destroy
the bipeds and quadrupeds, and useful denizens of the ' forest ; but
protect them. Increase thy wealth with those cattle, and possess a
strong body. The injurious beast of the forest should be put to grief by
thee. Let thy enemy, whom we dislike, be put to grief.

48. O King, don't destroy -this one-hoofed beautiful horse, soon

42. Learned persons through the performance of yajnas should get timely rain, and there-
by prolong their life.

43. In the text all commentators use 'jtffafrcl'-t DU t Maharshi Dayananda uses the word
tjsfafal I

45. This verse can be translated thus as well :

O learned person, don't show disrespect to God, Who is more learned than a yogi, more
illuminating than the luminous sun and beautiful earth, who creates all creatures.

48. I :-God.

A king should protect the useful, and tame beasts of the forest, and subdue the wild and
ferocious ones.

Qne hoofed .-Having one hoof in each foot,

CHAPTER Xft! 143

agitated and writhing with pain in battlefields. I point out to thee the
forest rhinoceros. With his protection add to thy prosperity and physical
strength. Let the wild and uncontrolled rhinoceros be put to grief
by thee. Let thy enemy, whom we detest, bs put to grief.

49. O sagacious King, in this world, don't harm this bull, the
giver of thousands of comforts, the source of immense milk, and worthy
of protection. Harm not in God's creation, the cow, the giver of milk
for mankind, and innocent in nature. I point out to thee the forest cow.
With her destruction add to thy prosperity and physical strength in the
midst of vast space and under God's guidance. Let the wild forest cow
be put to grief by thee. Let thy foe, whom we dislike, be put to
grief.

50. O learned King, don't kill the two-footed men and birds, and
four-footed cattle, the source of comforts. Don't kill the sheep that
covers our bodies with blankets, and is foremost worthy of protection
amongst God's creatures. I point out to thee the forest camel. With
his protection add to thy prosperity and physical strength. Let the wild,
uncontrollable camel be put to grief by thee. Let thy foe, whom we
dislike be put to grief.

51. The unborn soul is educated through the power of God. He
then sees God, existing before the creation of the universe, and the
Generator of all. The learned, through that soul, attain to pre-eminent
godly life ; and the virtuous to an exalted position. I point out to thee,
O king, the forest porcupine. Utilising her add to thy prosperity and
physical strength. Let the untamed porcupine be put to grief by thee.
Let thy foe, whom we dislike be put to grief by thee.

52. O most youthful leader, protect the pleasure-giving persons,
hear their songs. With thy soul, protect their offspring.

53. O man, I give thee the knowledge of the moving air for the
medicinal herbs filled with the wetness of water, clouds, brilliant elec-
tricity, open space, control of breath, fleeting mind, acquirable speech,
a well-furnished house, ear that hears various sounds, the sky and mid

50. I :-God.

Even the wild forest beasts like camel, cow, rhinoceros should be tamed, protected and
utilised, but the ferocious and uncontrollable destroyed.

51. A j means the eternal soul and goat. The goat should not be killed. The pofcupine
which is uncontrollable should be destroyed, but not the one that can be tamed.

I .-God.

53. I i-Teacher or God.

The teacher teaches his pupil different sciences, to equip him fully with knowledge.

144 YAJUR VEDA

region full of water, ocean full of water, sandy tracts of water, foodstuffs
that grow through water. I preach unto thee the significance of vedic
texts couched in Gayatri, Trishtup, Jagati, Anushtup, and Pankti metres.

54. O wife, this fire is primordial. It is the cause of Pran (breath),
the source of life. Spring is the result of Pran. Spring is the cause of
Gayatri, whereby we sing the praise of God. From the Gayatri comes
the Gayatri metre. From the Gayatri comes the prayer. From the prayer
come action, contemplation, and knowledge (Karma, Upasana and Jnana).

As the fruit of these three comes the pleasure of liberation
(Moksha). A learned person is the cause of producing intense pleasure
like Pran. Thou accept me as thy husband, the protector of progeny.
I gain strength to create offspring from thee.

55. O wife, in the south resides this air, the source of all acts.
From that air the doer of all deeds, comes the mind. From the heat of
the mind comes the summer. The eulogiser of summer is the Trishtup
metre. From the warmth of Trishtup comes the intense glow. From the
intense glow comes the mid-day. From mid-day comes the day of the
full moon. From that comes the ear the organ of receiving and strength-
ening knowledge. Just as a king, with his knowledge, administers justice
to his subjects, so do I, with thee, cultivate a contemplative mind for the
people.

56. O wife, this sun rising in the East goes to the west, illuminat-
ing the universe. The lustrous rays of the sun are its eyes. The eye
enjoys the rainy season. The Jagati verse is the expositor of the rainy
season. From Jagati is derived the knowledge of vedic verses. From that
knowledge comes prosperity. From prosperity we get the knowledge of
seventeenfold powerful soul. From that knowledge comes the knowledge
of different phases and objects of the world. The eye makes us receive
light.

Just as a husband, the guardian of offspring attains to discerning
knowledge with his educated wife, so do I with thee gain power from
the world.

54. In spring Gayatri verses are generally recited.

Vasishtha Rishi : Pran.

Moksha : Emancipation, salvation.

55. The subtle connection between the things mentioned has not been understood by me.
Bhardwaj Rishi means ear and is not the name of a Rishi.

56. Jamadagni Rishi means eye, and is not the name of any person, vide Shatapatha
8-1-2-3. The verse is not fully understood by me. Seventeen fold powerful means posseesing
various powers. Vide Shatapatha 8-1-2-4.

CHAPTER XIll 145

57. O wife, this North direction is the giver of comforts. Ear is
the source of its pleasantness. The ear is related to autumn. The
significant Anushtap verse is the expositor of autumn. From Anushtap
is derived the verse that explains speech. From that verse is derived
the means of churniLg the objects. From that means is derived the
principle of perfecting twenty one sciences. From that principle, we
derive the ear, the cause of friendship with all, the receiver of the
significance of words, the manifestor of various objects, and listener to
the singing of Sama Veda. I, thy husband, the guardian of the offspring,
along with thee, use the ear for the good of the people.

58. O learned wife, the highest of all things is intellect. From
intellect is born speech. Winter is the offspring of speech. The Pankti
verse is the expositor of winter. From Pankti springs Nidhanvat a part
of Sama Veda, that comments on the mystery of Death. From that springs
knowledge, the source of acquisition. From that knowledge are "derived
the twelve and thirty three songs of the Sama Veda. With those songs,
knowing strength and the objects that contribute to wealth, the door of
noble deeds and the master of vedic lore, behaves rightly. I, thy husband,
the guardian of offspring, with thee, acquire speech full of knowledge
and sound instructions.

57. Vishwamitra Ri^bi means the ear. This verse is not well understood by met

58. Vishvakarma Rishi means speech, vide Shatpath 8-1-2-9,

CHAPTER xiv

1. O woman, thou belongest to a firm nation. Thou hast got a
permanent house. Thou art resolute. Enter in a religious spirit the
stable domestic life (Grihastha Ashrama). Use the vast knowledge of the
art of cooking. May the learned teachers and preachers, themselves
admirers of pure domestic life, settle thee in it.

2. O woman, thou belongest to a noble family. Thou hast plenty
of water. Thou art full of pleasures, and givest them to others. Settle
in thy house on this earth. The Rudras and vasus instruct thee. Imbibe
these vedic instructions for the auspiciousness. May the learned teachers
and preachers, themselves admirers of pure domestic life, settle thee
in it.

3. O woman, just as the master of forces and employees, with
their aid, standing in the midst of learned persons, advances for battle and
pleasure, so shouldst thou advance in this world. Just as a father looks to
the comforts of his son, so shouldst thou. With pleasure adorning
thy body with clothes and ornaments enter bodily the domestic life with
thy husband. May the teachers and preachers, themselves admirers of
pure domestic life, settle thee in it.

4. O woman, thou art aspirant after vedic eulogies. Thou art
the protectrixof the earth, handsome and well-named ; full of butter and
other good edibles. May all the learned persons revere thee. Stay in
this domestic life. Give us wealth that produces good children. May
the learned teachers and preachers, themselves admirers of pure domestic
life, settle thee in it.

5. O wife, I, thy learned husband, engaged in the performance of
noble deeds, establish thee on the surface of the earth, as mistress of the
house, thee, the recipient of deathless mental knowledge, the mainstay of
all directions, the guardian of the house, the place of hearing children.
I establish thee on the earth like the rays of sun, as mistress of the house.
Thou art pleasant like the wave of waters. May the learned teachers and
preachers, the performers of sacrifice for self-protection, establish thee
in this domestic life.

6. May-June (Jayeshth), and June-July (Asarh) constitute the

1. Ashwina may also mean father and mother, who settle their daughter in domestic life,
ju>t a^ learned teachers and preacher , settle her.

0. Compare 13-25, where the praise of spring has been sung.
' In this verse the praise of summer is sung.

CHAPTER XIV 147

summer. This season due to intense heat, removes cough. May
Heaven and Earth, may waters, medicinal plants, and fires, obeying
the exact laws of nature, separately contribute to my prosperity in
this season.

May fires, similar in nature, that exist between the heaven and
earth, make the summer strong, just as spiritual forces strengthen the
soul. O husband and wife, receiving life from God, remain steady like
Heaven and Earth.

7. O man or woman, the learned teachers and preachers, thy
'guardians, establish thee in this world, for the acquisition of all objects,
and mastering the science of fire, and we too establish thee.

Associate thyself with seasons, love waters, cultivate virtuous
traits, try to prolong life and recite the Gayatri Mantra, hold dear thy
breaths the source of happiness.

O active man or woman, the learned teachers and preachers, thy
guardians, establish thee in this domestic life, for the attainment of God,
the Leader of the universe, and we too establish thee. Associate
thyself with seasons, love waters, be friendly towards Vasus, live in the
company of highly learned persons, the imparters of knowledge.

O celibate man or woman, seeker after knowledge, the learned
teachers and preachers, thy guardians, establish thee in this Brahmcharya
Ashram (student life) for the study of religious books, the source of
happiness for all $ and we too establish thee.

Associate thyself with seasons, hold dear thy Pranas (vital breaths)
which retain all objects ; love the Rudras } befriend the learned, who
arrange for the study of the vedas.

O learned man or woman, the learned teachers and preachers, thy
guardians, establish thee in this world, for spreading knowledge and
happiness unto all, and we too establish thee. Lead thy life according
to seasons, love all noble deeds, regulate thy diet and sport according to
twelve months of the year. Be friendly towards the highly learned
persons, who arrange for the preaching of full knowledge.

O manor woman, the preacher of true ideas, the learned teachers
and preachers, the guardians of vedic lore, establish thee in this world,

7. Vasus : Fire, Earth, air, space, sun, moon, sky, stars.

Rudras: Pran, Apan, Vyan, Udan, Saman, Nag, Kurma, Kr&al, DevDutt,
Dhananjaya, and soul. The first ten are the names of breaths,
Adityas : the twelve months of the year.
We . L,earaed persons or parents.

148 YAJUR VEDA

for the diffusion of knowledge useful to humanity; and we too establish
thee.

Regulate thy life according to seasons 5 perform pleasure-giving acts,
love all the preachers of truth, and cultivate friendly relations, with the
discriminators between truth and falsehood for the good of others, and for
the dispensers of pleasant life.

8. O husband, guard thou my pran, guard my apan. Guard my
vyan through different nice devices. Illumine my eye. Fill my ear with
religious sermons. Strengthen my vital breaths. Get medicinal plants.
Protect bipeds. Protect quadrupeds. Manage well the household affairs,
as sun, with its brilliance pours the rain.

9. The Brahman is foremost in the society, like head in the body.
His force lies in the protection of humanity through knowledge, religion
and austerity. The Kshatriya is a class amongst men. His power lies
in affording happiness to humanity through justice, humility and strength.
The Vaishya is another class, who amasses foodstuffs. His strength lies
in becoming the lord of riches. The artisan, Shudra is another class of
men, whose strength lies in doing hard work.

The king, the doer of all good acts is, lovable, lord of all subjects
and independent. It is the duty of man at the helm of affairs, to muster
different forces for the protection of his body. It is the duty cf the strong
man, who is competent to give happiness to others, to attain to supremacy,
and grant power to others,

It is the duty of an affluent person to nourish his family. It is the
duty of a man heroic like a tiger, to be invincible by an enemy. He who
is powerful to subdue foes, powerful like the lion, should afford protection
to his people, like the roof of the house.

He who like the camel can take upon his shoulders this responsibility
of managing the affairs of the State, should like the earth take upon him-
self the burden of all enterprises. _

It is the duty of a man, strong like an ox, to protect his subjects and
treat all straightly and justly.

It is the duty of a person well-known for his intellect and honour, to
undertake projects that lie before him.

8. Pran : the air that goes upward from the navel.

Apan : the air that goes downward from the navel, and is emitted through the
anus.

Vyan : the air that is diffused in different joints of the body.

CHAPTER XIV 149

10. Like the bull that conveys the cart, the physically developed
person should ripen his semen and undertake duties of a house-holder.
The souls that like the milch-cow nourish others, are fit to rear the world.

The master of the three vedas should praise God through action,
contemplation and knowledge.

The person brilliant like the sun, should through eminence and know-
ledge illumine himself and others. He who controls his five organs, can
control his five breaths. He, who is engrossed in action, contemplation
and knowledge, is fit to eradicate his sins.

He who knows all the four vedas, constantly prays to God.

11. O husband and wife, behaving like lightning and earth, with
mature intellect, make your domestic life cemented like a brick. Just as
the sun and earth with their might restrict the atmosphere, so should ye
bind your foes and remove miseries. O man just as thou removest the
affliction of thy wife, so shouldst she remove thine.

12. O woman, may thy husband well-versed in doing various noble
deeds, fix in his heart thee, full of reverence, praiseworthy knowledge,
and vast store of learning. Thou shouldst offer water to all, for the safety
of their Pran, Vyan, Udan, and Saman, for their prosperity and preser-
vation of character. Increase the store of laudable, pure water. Don't
destroy the sweet and disease-uprooting water. May thy husband, loving
thee like life, keep thee safe with great well-being, his splendour and
pleasant knowledge. Live constantly with thy godly husband like the
soul.

13. O woman, thou art brilliant like the East, modest like the
South, calm and lustrous like the West, self-effulgent like the North.
Like the vast upper and lower directions, thou hast been made the mistress
of the house. Please thou thy husband and other relatives.

14. O woman, may thy husband, the doer of various noble deeds,
establish like sun-light on water, in his heart, thee, full of knowledge.
Grant full light to all the members of the family for strengthening their
Pran, Apan, Vyan. Thy husband dear like vital breath, is thy Lord.
Live constantly with thy godly husband like the sun.

10. The last two sentences can be interpreted as a Banprasthi in the third Ashram, or
Sanyasi in the fourth Ashram.

Three Vedas : Mean the Vedas that dilate upon Gyan, Karma and Upa^ana.
12. Pran, Vyan, Udan, Saman are different vital airs or breaths in the body.

150 YAJUR VEDA

15. Shravan (July-August) and Bhadrapada (August-September)
constitute the rainy season, and they contribute to my prosperity. In them
there is the touch of heat and cold.

Just as the Sky and Earth thrive in these months, so shouldst ye,
husband and wife, prosper with your enjoyment.

Just as waters, plants and fires separately thrive in the rainy season,
so should noble persons, with unanimity of purpose, and sameness of
knowledge, prosper.

Just as the Sky and Earth thrive in the rainy season, so should learned
persons utilizing the rainy season for their comfort, come in contact with
it like lightning. O husband and wife, live together in this season firmly
and affectionately like breath.

16. O men, Aswin (September-October) and Kartik (October-Novem-
ber) constitute the Autumn season. Both these months contribute to my
enjoyable comforts. In them there is the touch of heat and cold. Let
them make the Sky and Earth thrive. Let waters and plants grow by
their means. Let the fires of our body that regulate all actions function
separately. Let the learned people enter these two months gloriously,
desiring for happiness. O husband and wife live together firmly like
space, in this good season.

17. Preserve my life, Preserve my Pran. Guard my Apan. Guard
my Vyan. Preserve my eyes. Preserve my ears. Strengthen my speech
with good instructions. Satisfy my mind. Preserve my soul. Vouchsafe
me light of knowledge.

18. Wisdom gives pleasure. Intellect grants strength. Discern-
ment gives freedom. Food gives physical force. Yoga with five
components gives light. Affection gives fame. Matter affords shelter.
Intense attachment to pleasure creates sexual enjoyment. The mani-
festation of different sciences gives knowledge. The worshipper of God
knows Him. Dependence on physical, mental, and spiritual enjoyments
gives happiness. The force that rules the universe is the source of
strength and pleasure. People should take advantage of these and add
to their store of happiness.

19. Earth is full of freedom. Heaven is extremely pleasant.
Light is knowlege. Years enhance our wisdom. The stars are free in

15. Just as breath is never separated from the body, so should husband and wife be not
separated from each other.
My : Preceptor.
17. The husband addresses this verse to his wife, or vice versa.

CHAPTER XIV 151

their movements. Let speech be truthful and mind free from fraud.
Husbandry leads to produce. Gold gives comforts. Cow is the source
of happiness. Goat gives us pleasure. Horses are free in motion.

20. Fire, wind, sun, moon, vasus, Rudras, Adityas, learned men
of contemplative mood, all good objects, God the protector of the
universe and the vedas, well earned riches, and water are devatas, i.e.,
highly useful things. Men and women should take advantage of these
devatas.

21. O woman, thou art excellent like the sun, thou art pure and
firm like the lustrous sun that moves in its orbit. Thou art the rearer
of progeny like the nourishing earth. I accept thee for longevity, for
food, for agriculture, for peace and happiness.

22. O wife thou art stable like a machine, full of brilliance,
forbearing like the earth, firm like the sky, full of determination, and
embodiment of virtue. I accept thee for the fulfilment of desires, for
the attainment of valour, riches and prosperity.

23. The year contains heat, cold and moderate heat, cold.

The moon waxes and wanes for fifteen days. The year, like the
vast atmosphere is seventeenfold. The year, the support of all sub-
stances is twentyonefold.

The fast fleeting year is eighteenfold.
The year giving warmth to all like the sun, is nineteenfold.
The year that confronts men is twentyfold.
The powerful year is twentytwofold.
The year, the nourisher of all is twenty three-fold.
The year, the resort of all beings is twenty four-fold.
The year that keeps human beings under its control is twenty five-
fold.

23. Seventeen-fold : Twelve months and five seasons.

Twenty-one-fold : Twelve months, five seasons three worlds and itself.

Eighteen-fold .-Twelve months, five seasons and itself.

Nineteen-fold -.Twelve months, six seasons and itself.

Twenty-two-fold : Twelve months, seven seasons, day and night, and itself.

Twenty-ihree-fold : Consisting of thirteen months (one intercalary)i seven seasons,
day and night and itself.

Twenty-four-fold : Twenty-four half months.
Twenty-five-fold : 24 half months and itself.

152 YAJUR VEOA

The vigorous year is twentyseven-fold.

The year, the field for work is thirtyqne-fold.

The year, the cause of the residence of all, is thirty-three-fold.

The year, pervaded by the Almighty Father, is thirty-four-fold.

The year, the giver of happinsss is thirty six-fold.

The year, in which we move in various ways, is forty eight-fold.

The year, is the retainer of all objects, and the support of praises
in the four directions.

O men know this to be the year.

24. O learned person, thou art like the year. Practising celibacy,
attain to the sovereignty of a Brahmin family. Being pure in body,
word and mind, and worthy of praise, thou art the embodiment of supre-
macy ; attain to the sovereignty of a royal Kshatriya family, loved by the
All-pervading God. Being fifteen-fold praiser, thou art like the part of
objects^described by the people ; attain to the desired birth and right of
a sustainer. Laudable in seventeen ways, thou art the part of Pran ;
attain to the sovereignty of waters. Served by air, thou art like the
twenty-one-fold praiser, draw rain from the sun through Homa (sacrificial
fire).

25. O learned parson, thou art served by the Vasu Brahmcharis,
Control thou the ten Pranas and the soul. Twentyfour-fold praiser, thou
art honoured by the Aditya-Brahmcharis ; rear the cattle like cows ; and
be the mxster of men. Deserving praise in twenty-five ways, thou art
like a part of light.

Acquiring the serviceable power of the earth, attain to sovereignty.
Deserving praise in twenty seven ways, thou art the creation of pleasant

Twenty-seven-fold : 24 half months, day and night and itself.

Thirty-one-fold : 24 half months, six seasons and itself.

Thirty-three-fold : 24 half-months, 6 seasons, day and night and itself.

Thirty- four-fold :-24 half months 7 seasons day and night and itself.

Thirty-six-fold : 24 half months and 12 months.

Forty-eight-fold : 26 half months, 13 months, seven seasons, day and night.
24 The word Panchdash in the verse may mean vigour, lustre or vitality, vide flfo 11.6-11

The word panchdash may aho mean the fifteen days in which the moon waxes and
wanes.

The word Saptdash in the text may also mean food-grain vide cfto 2-7-7.

The word Ekvinsha in the text may mean, respect, honour vide ?tfo 16-13-4. The
verse is not fully understood by me. Sustainer means preserver of the people.

*5. The word chaturvinsha in the text may also mean beauty, dignity, and power, vide
flto 15-10-6.

The word Trinava, i.e., 27 may also mean strength, power vide clfo 104-15.

CHAPTER XIV 1J>3

God, acquire the strength granted thee by God, the protector of the vedas.
Thou, the worshipper with vedic verses, filled with knowledge and noble
qualities, shouldst know all the directions, fit for affection, deserving to be
fully mastered, and knowable by good people

26. O man thou usest the mixed substances, as is done in autumn.
Having sovereignty over objects with different natures, with affection,
thou shouldst nourish the people worthy of sustenance. Thou art worthy
of praise in forty-four ways, and fit to be revered by the wise. Having
acquired the power exercised by all the learned persons in the past, and
being worthy of praise in thirty-three ways ; thou deservest respect
from us.

27. For my aged elders, the mid November to mid January months
constitute the winter season. These two months are the life and soul of
winter. In this season there is a slight touch of heat. In that season let
Sky and Earth be competent to do their duty; let waters, medicinal
plants, and bright fires be separately vigorous.

Men of contemplative mood, regulated in life, unanimous in purpose
should make the strong Earth and Sky perform their duty. Let the
learned keeping in view these two glorious months, enter them. Let the
good people full of affection for God attain to happiness by regulating their
diet and recreation.

28. O men, God is the creator and protector of all. Praise Him
with your speech. He has educated humanity through the vedas. God is
the guardian of the vedas and the Lord of all. He has revealed the vedas
full of knowledge. Praise Him with the movement of three Pran, Udan
and Vyan breaths. He has created all the worlds. He is their Protector,
and Protector of the protectors. Praise Him with the help of Saman
breath, perception, intellect, self consciousness and mind. He has created
the seven Rishis He is the Sustamer and Lord of all. Praise Him
with the help ot Nag, Kurma, Knkal, Deva Dutta, Dhananjaya (breaths),
desire and effort.

29. O men, God has created wise persons. The mother-like

26. The word Trayastrinsha may mean body, vide fito 13-10-10. Forty-four and thirty
three ways of praise are Dot clear to me.

28. Three Breaths : Out-breath, upward breath, diffusive breath.

Seven Rishis : Two eyes, two tars two nostrib and mouth. According to Swami
Dayananda Seven Kishis are five principal breaths, Intellect and Ego.

29. Nine: Seven vital airs of the head, and two below.
Eleven: Ten vital airs and the soul.

Thirteen : Ten vital airs, two feet and the soul.

Fifteen: The fiiteen tithis lunar days as interpreted by Swami Dayananda; or ten
fingers, two arms, two legs, and the part above the navel vide Shatapatha 8-4-3-11.

Seventeen : Ten toes, two knees, two legs, two feet, and the part below the navel,

154 YAJUR VEDA

nourishing Earth is our lord. Praise God with nine breaths. He has
created the seasons. The attributes of those seasons respectively reign
supreme in them. Praise God with ten pranas and soul. He has created
the twelve months. The year is the master of time. Praise God with
thirteen objects. He has created the Kshatriyas. The sun lords over
us through his intense glory. Praise God with fifteen objects. He has
created the village cattle, and the vaishas, who are our supporters.
Praise God through seventeen objects.

30. O men God has created the day and night for work, and the
Shudia and Arya. Praise Him through nineteen objects. He has
created water, which is dear like life. He has created one-hoofed
animals. Praise Him through twenty-one objects. He has created this
strong Earth, the cause of our protection, and that of small animals.
Praise Him through twenty-three objects. He has created the forest
animals, and the air that rears us. Praise Him through twenty five
objects.

He has created the Heaven and Earth, the Vasus, the Rudras, and
the Adityas'. Those forces of nature and learned persons are our protectors.
Praise Him through twenty-seven objects.

31. O men, God has created the trees, Soma is their head. Praise
Him with twenty-nine objects. He has created the important plants,
the forests, the dust-rays, the different parts of the matter with their
attributes of Satva, Rajas and Tamas. Atoms are their over-lord. Praise
Him with thirty one objects. Through His grace all big forces of Nature
attain to calmness, God, the Sustainer of men, the Pervader of the universe,
is over-lord. Praise Him through thirty-three objects.

30. Nineteen: Ten pranas, five great elements, mind, intellect, perception and egotism;
or ten fingers and nine pranas vide Shatapatha 8-4-3-12.

Tweuty-one : Ten fingers, ten toes .and ?oul, vide Shatapatha 8-4-3-13.

Twenty-three : Ten fingers, ten toes, two feet and soul. Shatapatha 8-4-3-14.

Twenty-live : Ten fingers, ten toes, two arms, two legs and soul. Shatapatha 8-4-3-15,

Twenty-seven: Ten fingers, ten toes, two arms, two legs, two feet and soul. Shatapatha
8-4-3-16,

Vasus, Rudras and Adityas have already been explained, they arc respectively 8, 11
and 12. They may also mean the Vasus, Kudra and Aditya Brahmcharis who observe a vow
of celibacy for 24, 36 and 48 years.

31. Twenty-nine: Ten fingers, ten toes and nine vital airs. Shatapatha 8-4-3-17.
Thirty-one; Ten fingers, ten toes, ten vital airs and soul. Shatapatha 8-4-3-15.
Thirty-three Ten fingers, ten toes, ten vital airs, two feet nd soul. Shatapatha

8-4-3-19.

Swami Dayananda interprets these figures of 29, 31, and 33 as the forces of nature
and the qualities of trees, medicines, and other created objects,

CHAPTER XV

1. O King drive away our known enemies. O powerful king, put
our unknown foes aright. Graciously- minded, showing no disrespect, give
us good instructions ; wherewith we may live happily in a thrice -guarded
house, well-provided by thee with all necessary things.

2. O learned King, drive away with might our known foes. Keep
off those who oppose us secretly. Benevolent in thought and spirit, teach
us the art of victory. May we be thy supporters. Drive away our foes.

3. She, the master of sixteen arts, worthy of praise, grants strength
and wealth, laudable celibacy of forty-four years, learning and power. She
has acquired the completion of sacrificial fire. She is free from covetous-
ness for the wealth of others. All learned people should praise her.
Enriched with songs of praise and butter, stay thou in this domestic 'life,
and give us wealth with store of children.

4 Knowledge gives pleasure. The practice of truth gives ease,
Experience of comfort gives delight. Action brings light of truth,
Avoidance of sins gives life. The mental conceptions and aversions give
light.

The cultivation of noble traits gives peace of mind.

The free movement like a river gives independence.

The depth of mind, like the ocean, solves all problems.

The sweetness of speech like water gives calmness.

Our fame wide like directions adds to our greatness.

The deed that is the bringer of three kinds of comforts gives us
delight.

The works of far-sighted poets give knowledge.

Meandering water brings usefulness.

Life after death gives solace.

This world is a place of happiness.

All directions are the source of delight.

Sun gives us knowledge.

Light of knowledge brings happiness.

1. Thrice guarded : A house in which one finds spiritual, physical happiness, and
protection against the forces of nature* i. e., Adhi-Atmika, Adhi-Bhautika and Adhi-Daivik
pleasures.

3- She means womankind.

4, Three kinds : They are mentioned in verse l

156 YAJUR VEDA

5. The action that removes sins, gives light.

The action that with exertion removes evil propensity, lends
determination.

Concentration of mind gives strength.

Perseverance leads to various efforts.

Increase in prosperity leads to independence.

Emancipator from this world is worthy of adoration.

Air is useful.

Space in which reside different objects is full of light.

Food worth enjoying is acceptable.

Brilliant fire is acceptable.

Speech gives enjoyment.

The mental attitude, that after hearing, makes us understand the
religious books serves as our mentor.

Acquisition is the result of exertion.

Service of the learned is worthy of resort.

Life is synonymous with independence.

Means for prolonging life are exercisable.

Emulation is laudable.

Enterprise is praiseworthy.

Removal of obstacles is the bringer of happiness.

Conquest of affliction demands strength.

Independence is splendour.

Arithmetic is a useful science.

6. O learned person with lustre, perform virtuous deed for happiness
and control over material objects. Know religion, with the observance of
enlightened noble justice.

For investigation, get the light of truth, with the light of religion.
Know mid-air as uniting the Earth with Heaven.
Know Earth through geology.

Know rain through the science of rain that nourishes the body.
Know day with the beautiful science of light.
Know night by the science of night that follows light.
Know the eight Vasus through their desirable science.
Know the Adityas (twelve months) intelligently with their
science.

7. O man gain the strength of wealth, through the extended
application of wealth.

6. Eight Vasus, the forces of nature have already been explained,

CHAPTER XV 157

Learn to listen to religious lore, for acquiring it properly.

Acquire medicines through the sciences of medicine, and agri-
culture.

Attain to physical strength, through pure bodies, well regulated
according to religious instructions.

Acquire knowledge through study, that gives life.

Learn perseverance for conquering the opposing foes, with a firm
hand.

8. O wife thou art an embodiment of wealth, for wealth do I
accept thee. Thou art obedient, obtainable after the completion of
studies. I accept thee.

Thou art riches, for riches do I accept thee. Thou art brilliance,
for brilliance do I accept thee.

9. O husband, thou knowest the primordial matter with three
qualities. For knowing that matter, do I accept thee.

Thou knowest this world the effect of matter. For knowing this
world do I accept thee. Thou art the manifold benefactor of the world.
I accept thee for doing good to humanity. Thou knowest all objects
similar in nature. For knowing them do I accept thee.

Thou possessest the knowledge of atmosphere, for knowing the
atmosphere, do I accept thee. Thou accurately knowest all the objects.
For knowing them do I accept thee.

Thou knowest the movements of clouds on high. For knowing
them do I accept thee. O wife, thou knowest the science wherewith we
cross the accessible and inaccessible regions. For knowing the art of
flying, do I accept thee. Living with thy husband, with thy energy
attain to strength.

10. O Woman thou art queen brilliant like the East. Eight Vasus
are thy protectors. Thou possessest the fire that resides in arms and
weapons, that pervades the sun, lightning and Earth, and is full of praise.
Get butter on the Earth for enjoyment. For thy prosperity, possess the
military force of aeroplanes. May the aged vedic seers, with great
power, and brilliance of knowledge, fill thee with good qualities and
wisdom. This husband of thine is thy protector in diverse ways. May
all the learned persons, unanimously settle thee and thy husband in a
happy place on this comfortable Earth.

9. Three qualities : The matter has got three qualities of Satva, Rajas, Tamas.
10. Vasus : The eight forces of nature mentioned before,

158 YAJUR VEDA

11. O woman thou art like the bright South. Eleven Rudras
(airs) are thy protectors. Thy husband, the wielder of arms and
weapons, the knower of the meanings of vedic verses in fifteen ways,
and the sun serve thee on earth. He, being fearless of man, preaches
unto thee firmly the narrable and instructible words.

For stability he recites the significant verses of the Sama Veda.
The aged, learned persons, the significant plenteous airs in beautiful
objects in the atmosphere, and the particles of blazing fire make thee
renowned. The sustainer and nourisher of the Earth through attraction,
the sun, the foremost amongst the brilliant objects, strengthens thee.
May all the learned persons, unanimously establish thee and thy
husband in a happy place in the space, where there is plenty of
water.

12. O woman, thou art brilliant like the West. The learned
persons are thy overlords. Thy husband, possessing seventeen vital
parts of the body, worthy of praise, the subduer of foes, master of fiery
spirits, may serve thee on earth.

May he, unfaltering in nature, full of instructions from many
learned persons, and vedic lore, full of various teachings of great men,
learn the Sama Veda for greatness.

There are in the atmosphere many lustrous objects, created from
the limitless material cause, and serviceable moving airs spread in all
parts. The learned should instruct thee so. The master of riches, the
king, keeps the people contented, so should all learned persons unani-
mously establish thee and thy husband in a happy abode, in a part of the
earth, free from affliction.

13. O woman, Just as North is self luminous, so is thy husband.
The beautiful airs are the presiding forces of the North.

May thy husband worthy of praise like the moon that preserves
rays in twenty one ways, live with thee on this earth.

Being free from the sway of passions, may he, for thee, learn that
part of the veda which deals with the unity of God. For stability, may
he study that portion of the Sama Veda, that deals with the universal

11. Fifteen : Five organs of knowledge (Gyan Indriya) and five of action (Karma Indriyas)
and five airs, Fran, Apan, Vyan, Udan and Saman.

12. Seventeen. Pt. Jai Dev, Vidya Alankar, in his commentary describes seventeen to
be 17 parts of the body, i.e , 10 fingers, two arms, two legs, head, belly and soul. Seventeen
may also mean food vide clto 2-7-7.

13 Twenty-one : The real significance of this number is not clear- In Tandya Brahman
Granth it is written $rft*33>f$3T: I 16-3-4. According to this Brahman, Twentyone means great-
ness, superiority.

CHAPTER XV 159

aspect of God. In thy body there are many chief strong vital airs, in
the organs, coupled with perception. He is the sustainer and lord of
those airs.

May all the learned persons, with one mind make thee renowned,
and establish thee and thy husband in a happy place on a comfortable
part of the earth.

14. O woman, thou art the lady paramount like the lofty region.
All the shining bodies like the sun, are thy protectors. May thy husband,
like the sun, the guardian of the world, and the sustainer of big planets,
adore thee. For freedom from pain on this earth, through twenty-seven
and thirty-three means of praise, let all the learned persons, knowing the
sciences of fire and air, resort to two parts of the veda. For progress let
them have knowledge of the two parts of the Sama Veda, with verses in
Shakvari and Raivati metres.

Just as in the atmosphere, the first-born minute and bulky airs like
Dhananjaya etc. residing in divine objects, make thee renowned, so should
people make them known. This sun, the lord, and sustainer of all in
diverse ways, and the learned persons with one mind establish thee and
thy husband in a happy house on a comfortable part of the earth.

15. In the East there are golden-tressed sunbeams. There are
other beams also, which work like a wise driver and horses of a convey-
ance, and like the head of an army and a village chieftain.

Their chief direction and sub-direction, both are called Apsaras
that move in the Pranas. Let injurious animals like lions and others that
eat flesh and grass be destroyed. Let murderous crowds of men that destroy
others like a powerful weapon, be killed. Let virtuous rulers protect us
from those animals, and make us comfortable. In the jaws of these
animals we place the ferocious man whom we hate and who hates us.

16. O men, this vishvakarma breeze blows in the south. These
two kinds of air, that give sound like the sound of a chariot, and
are the doers of wonderous acts like a chariot, are like the head
of an army and the chieftain of a village, which help meditation, and

14. The word (ViqsKjfra'sft meaning twenty-seven and thirty-three has not been
understood. No commentator has thrown light on it. Tandva Brahman Granth describes
twenty-seven to mean strength and thirty-three to mean rain, vide crfo 10-1-15, 16-10-10.

15. Just as the driver and horses work in unison, and the militajy and civil powers work
together, so do the different airs.

Ap?aras : Two airs that course through our veins.
Their '.sunbeams.

16. Apsaras, Two kinds of air which blow in the atmosphere.
Vishvakarma. Air with which all actions are performed.

160 YAJUR VEDA

arc born together, are called Apsaras which live in the atmosphere.
Those who tease the people should be destroyed. Those who commit
unrighteous deeds should be subdued through arms. Use weapons against
those who torment mankind. Let just rulers protect us and make us
comfortable. In the lion-like jaws of these airs we place the depraved
man whom we hate and who hates us.

17. O men, there is all pervading lightning in the West. Like the
head of the army and the village chieftain, are its Rathprota, and
Asamaratha, Both these Apsaras, active beams in the atmosphere, dry all
the medicinal plants, and shed lustre.

Those who like tigers and serpents torture mankind, should be
subdued through arms. Let the rulers protect us from these animals and
make us comfortable. In the jaws of these animals we place the degraded
man whom we hate and who hates us.

18. In the North, the autumn is associated with the yajna. Its
Aswin and Kartik are like the head of the army and the village chieftain.
The fire that pervades the universe and the fire that receives ghee
(butter) are its Apsaras, i.e., the motion of the Pranas. In this season
water is in abundance, and air highly pleasant, Those who enjoy this air
properly deserve honour. May they protect us and make us comfortable,
In the jaws of destructive power of water and air, we place the man whom
we hate and who hates us.

19. This one direction above, is the source of wealth after rains.
Its army conqueror and well-armed lords are both Margshirsh and Paush
months of winter, like the head of an army and the village chieftain. The
internal fire that is the cause of eating much, and intellect the recipient of
eternal knowledge are two forces that reside in the Pranas. Thundering
is its weapon and lightning its missile-weapon. We offer food to persons
who are our guardians like them. May they protect us and make us com-
fortable. We place in the jaws of thunder and lightning the man whom
we hate and who hates us.

17. Rathaprota : Beautiful, lustrous air.

A?amaratha : Peerless air.

Both the haters deserve punishment.

According to Jai Chand Vidya Alankar. Rathaprota and Asamaratha are two military
Commanders. Rathprota is he who fights always sitting in the chariot. Asamaratha is he
whose chariot is unparalleled.

i. K- K HatC iD the Sense o enmit y- with a view to d barm or injury

is prohibited by the vedas, which preach love for all. Both the haters deserve punishment.

CHAPTER XV J61

iO. This Agni, resides between the Earth and Heaven, like head in
the shape of the Sun. Being the protector of all directions, it satisfies the
forces of our breaths.

21. This fire in winter, present in thousands of nice objects, and
possessing hundreds of characteristics, is the lord of foodgrains and riches,
and beautiful like the head.

22. O learned person, I instruct thee that a harmless, wise scholar,
dispels ignorance with instructive speech, creates fire from the atmosphere,
or by churning, and is mighty like the head.

23. O learned person, this visible fire, with its properties of
alliance and division, full of blissful flames, helps in the performance of
yajna, and worldly deeds. It imbibes in its lustrous nature the lofty
sun.

It stimulates the pleasant speech worthy of acceptance and giver
of enjoyments.

Like fire, the learned person, full of noble qualities should
preach all sciences.

24. With fuel the fire is kindled. Just as calf is pleased seeing
the cow coming, so are people delighted by seeing the Dawn. Just as
highly religious people fairly well resort to permanent devices of happi-
ness, so do the rays wholly attain to heaven.

25. Let us use respectful language for a person, who is pure, in-
telligent, wise, strong, and virtuous. Let him who expounds the vedic
lore, humbly divulge the praises of the Effulgent God, as the sun seated
in its rays, sheds in heaven the lustre that spreads to various places.

26. In this world, this visible fire, serviceable in works of protection,
worthy of investigation, the paramount accomplisher of sacrifice (yajna),
the recipient of ghee, and ubiquitous, is acknowledged by the learned. The
beautiful persons, adequately advanced in knowledge expound for all people
this fire pervading the beams wondrously.

27. Fire, the guardian of the created world, ever active, full of
strength, developing with ghee, and pure, is born for fresh prosperity.
Illumined by the suns, it glitters with the intense touch of light.

28. O learned person, dear like life, thou shinest with knowledge,
like fire with attrition,

22, I; Acharya.

23. See Yajur 13-15.

27. Suns. --There 'are various sUns in the solar system. The one We see is tot th6 plane"*
Earth, but there are other planets also.

162 YAJUR VEDA

Fire, highly serviceable, residing in the inmost recesses of out
heart, present in all rays and objects, is called the son of highly strong and
powerful air. The learned master it. I preach unto thee its significance.

29. O men, just as the learned, your associates, offer seemly
oblations and praises to fire, supreme, and highly powerful, behaving as
your grandson, so should you proceed with it.

30. O mighty, enlightened vaishya, having adequate trade relations
with others, and worthy of adoration, thou lookest graceful, seated in a
desirable position of vantage ; bring us all riches.

31. O noble learned person, loved of many, people invoke thee,
powerful like the scorching rays of the sun for acquiring necessary nice
foodstuffs for the subjects.

32. Omen, just as I acknowledge for ye, through desirable food-
grains, Agni, steadfast in nature, lovely, giver of life, devoid of conscious-
ness, united with harmless usages, eternal in nature, world's messenger,
and your enterprises, so should ye do for me.

33. I acknowledge the immortal sun, the warmer of the universe.
I acknowledge the immortal fire present in water, the scorcher of all
objects of the world,

The protector of the universe, this beautiful fire is present in all
things, It acts as a uniting force. Well-comprehended, it courses through
the body. The learned should realise it.

34. Agni moves like an invited friend. It goes like an invited
scholar. Use properly the fire, that is the desired treasure of persons and

29. Grandson : Just as a grandson is helpful and serviceable to the parents, so is fire
useful and serviceable to the learned.

30. Vaishya : A trader, businessman, merchant, representing the third division of men,
the first two being Brahmana and Kshatriya.*

32. World's messenger : Agni movei in the whole world, and puts life in it.

Foodgrains : Agni through yajna brings rain, which produces foodgrains. Agni is thus
the source of ripening the harvest.

Eternal in nature : It is eternal in its cau^e the Matter, not in itself.
Agni : Fire, Electricity.
I: Acharya.

33. There are two kind? of fire the rough and the subtle,

The repetition of the words in the first line of the verse, denotes the double nature
of fire.

34. Just as a scholar of the vedas, who is calm and affable is liked by all, so fire is liked
by all persons. JuU as an invited friend and an invited le&rned person go hastily so does fire
move quickly.

CHAPTER XV 163

material objects, like the master of the four vedas, companionable and
calm in nature.

35. O son of a strong man, possessing knowledge of the objects
created, dignified and well-read, thou like fire, with land and laudable
cow, art the master of foodgrains. Vouchsafe great wealth unto us.

36. O ruler equipped with a good army, worthy of praise with words,
provider of dwelling to his subjects, affluent, brilliant, and resembling
fire, grant us laudable riches.

37. O resplendent learned person, with powerful limbs, just as the
sharp fire creates the night, day, morning and evening, so shouldst thou
spread good instruction. Like fire burn the wicked with the force of
thy soul.

38. O man of power and supremacy, just as lovely Agni through
oblations brings us bliss, just as gift brings bliss, just as harmless dealing
brings bliss, just as our praises bring us bliss, so shouldst thou be blissful
unto us.

39. O man of power and supremacy behave in manner, where-
with we may get in battles, optimistic mind, praiseworthy followers, and
calm, determined soldiers.

40. O man of power and supremacy, with thy strength, grant us
daring courage in battles, add to the resources of our resolute army,
exerting to its utmost for victory. Acting in obedience to thy desires,
let us utilise the resources of the army.

41. O learned person, I value the omnipresent fire, led by which
the kine go to their home. The fleet-foot, steady and active steeds seek
the indestructible fire, as their home. I bring food to the learned who
sing thy glory. So shouldst thou realise that fire.

42. O learned person, I laud fire, that provides shelter ; whom the
speeches attain to. Just as the praiseworthy scholars walk slowly, and the
learned, famous for their knowledge, thoroughly imbibe learning for the
pupils who sing their praise, and just as the teacher explains the merits
of God and other objects, so shouldst thou acquire the knowledge of all
these things.

43. O beautiful, pleasurable teacher, just as two ladels of ghee
cook food, so fill in thy mouth both the practices of reading and teaching.

38-40. Man of power may mean the head of the army.

41. In the evening, in the light of the sun the kine go home,

43. The word ^nw in the text may also mean knowledge and action.

164 YAJUR VEDA

O lord of strepgth, teach us the vedic lore, and give food to us and the
learned.

44. O teacher, we derive today from thee like a disciplined horse,
the pleasant knowledge of the vedas. May we always make progress, hav-
ing received the knowledge which touches our soul, and is blissful like
intellect.

45. O learned person, just as thou art in the possession of convey-
ances for journey, having the intellectual wisdom of a truthful person,
following the noble path of virtue, filled with pleasurable physical and
spiritual strength, so shouldst we blissfully and certainly be.

46. O learned person, be thou well-disposed towards us, like a
king with his armies. With these worshipful learned persons be thou
for us the expositor of knowledge ; and the uplifter of the down-trodden,
granting us pleasure.

47. He, who with his superior knowledge, deserves harmlessness,
is fit to be honoured by the learned, is powerful in deeds, is imbued with
noble qualities, and displays diverse kinds of lustre, with extreme loveli-
ness, by performing Havan, using ghee and water, him do I honour. He
is the giver of happiness, the knower of all created objects, charitably
disposed like the son of a great man, giver of gifts, foremost amongst the
wise, and a trustworthy, highly learned person, brilliant like fire.

48. O learned person, be thou our nearest friend, our protector,
most prosperous, and blissful unto us, like fire that gives us riches, food-
grains, and wealth. O learned person, actuated by noble aspirations, just
as we pray unto thee with our friends for happiness, so may all pray. Just
as I goodly meet thee full of desirable intentions, so shouldst thou meet us.

49. With whatever penance, the sages, well-read in vedic lore,
securing illuminating pleasure, and full of true knowledge, explore fire ;
with similar devotion, for the acquisition of happiness, do I grasp the fire,
described by the thoughtful learned persons as pervader of the
atmosphere.

50. O learned persons, just as ye, mastering that fire, engaged in the
performance of virtuous vedic deeds, residing in a beautiful knowable,

44. Just as a well fed disciplined horse takes us fast to our destination, so a student
properly looked after and well taught soon becomes learned.

46. These : mentioned in the previous verses.

47. A leader should possess these qualities.

48. See Yajur 3-25, 26. Interpretation given there is different from that given here.
Fire: -Electricity.

CHAPTER XV 165

pleasant place, built scientifically, attain to happiness with your wives,
sons, brothers, other relatives, and with gold, so may we also be happy in
all these respects.

51. O learned person, full of knowledge, protector of the virtuous,
having understood the essence of vedic speech, cast under foot those who
would fight against him, who is well read, firmly established on the earth,
benefits all with his advice, and sticks to religion.

52. May this commander of the army, most manly, supporter of
the lives of all, powerful like thousand soldiers, shining with knowledge
and justice like sun in the midst of heaven, free from carelessness, shine,
and attain to nice birth, deeds and position.

53. O people, learn well all sciences, follow the path of the
virtuous, be religious-minded. O learned grandfather, in thy lifetime,
let thy sons, leading a life of Brahmcharya, in the bloom of their youth,
marry according to their own selection, and produce afterwards children,
according to the rules of eugenics.

54. O highly learned man or woman acquire knowledge thoroughly,
avoid ignorance, and be full of learning. Thou wife and this husband
both, in this present place and in future, should acquire desired happiness,
honour the learned, pray to God, keep good company, give true knowledge
as a free gift, possess full strength, cultivate Brahmcharya, acquire the
glory of knowledge, attain to puberty, and try for the attainment of final
beatitude through helpful means.

Let all the learned and the sacrificers be seated in this place.

55. O learned man or woman, just as thou, for the happiness of the
wise, with a resolute vow, solvest the thousand problems of domestic
life, and with knowledge observe st the injunction of the vedas, so help us
in discharging our domestic duties.

56. O learned man or woman, this is thy house comfortable in all
seasons. Stick fast to religion keeping in mind the education received,
whereby thou hast attained to name and fame. Cause then our riches to
increase.

57. O God, for my prosperity, the Magh (January-February) and
Phagan (February-March) these two months constituting the dewy-winter,

53. Rules of conception are given in the Sanskar Vidbi by Swami Dayananda, while
dealing with Garbhadan Sanskar.

54. In this present place : domestic life, Grihastha Ashrama.
In this place : In Yajnasbala for performing the yajna.
Puberty .full youth.

166 YAJUR VEDA

add to my pleasure. Thou pervadest them and fire. In those months let
sky and earth, and water be pleasure-giving. Let medicinal plants grow
in them. Let lightning-fires, following the same laws, be separately useful
to us. These lightning-fires residing in between the Sky and Earth,
unanimously the cause of Dewy-winter, create the Magh and Phagan
months. The learned should use these mighty fires. Just as the Sky and
Earth, through the dispensation of God work together like breath, so
should you wife and husband live constantly together.

58. O woman, may God seat thee, full of admirable knowledge, on
the back of learning, for strengthening the Pran, Apan and Vyan breaths
of all thy family members. Diffuse the full light of knowledge to all
women.

Remain tenaciously firm like the sun, with thy husband, endowed
with noble traits, and lustrous like the sun.

59. O woman, make this life and the next comfortable, Remove
thy weaknesses ; and stay at home with firmness of purpose. May the
glorious, learned teachers establish thee in this domestic life.

60. The subjects endowed with knowledge and good training, enquir-
ing about the birth of the learned, equipped with cooks and servants
expert in the performance of their duties, devoted to vedic action, worship
and knowledge, living in the presence of the Effulgent God, provide
everywhere, for their ruler edible foods mixed with the juices of medicinal
herbs.

61. May all sacred songs coupled with knowledge and learning,
magnify the king, full of wealth, protector of the doings of the learned,
and master of the people, most valiant among the valorous, extensive in
fame like the sky.

62. O King, just as thou makest the horse strong with fodder,
so shouldst thou make thy subjects strong, so that they may be well
established, shielded and protected by thee. When thou marchest forth
with thy attractive splendour; thy followers march in thy wake.

63. O woman, thou illuminest the Sky, the Earth, and air's broad
realm between them. Thou art full of grace, and the light of pure know-
ledge, I set thee in the house of thy husband, who will live long, I place
thee under his care, thy protector. I set thee in his heart, deep like the
ocean.

59-60-61. See Yajur 12-54.55-56 with different meanings.

CHAPTER XV 167

64. O woman, God places thee worthy of praise and well-read in
charge of the house, for the full enjoyment of life, for the eradication of
misery, for the acquisition of knowledge, for amassing strength, for elicit-
ing universal respect, and for the improvement of character.

Spread thou the light of justice, strengthen the lustre of learning.
Violate not the truths of religion.

God guards thee on all sides, bestowing due respect and extreme
delight; and distinguishing truth from untruth.

May thou and thy husband live constantly together, holding
God dear as life.

65. O learned man or woman, thou knowest the world full of count-
less objects; thou measurest the intrinsic worth of countless precious
objects, thou servest as balance for judging the nature of countless material
objects. Thou art the master of innumerable sciences. God sets thee in
life for numberless achievements.

64. See Yajur 14-12, 14-14, 15-58 with different meaning^

CHAPTER XVI

1. O King, the chastiser of the wicked, may thy indignant soldiers
get arms. May thou the destroyer of foes get food. May the enemies
be attacked with weapons by thy arms.

2. O learned person, the comforter of people with thy noble
teachings, the administrator of fear for the miscreants and happiness for
the good, educate us again and again, with thy system of teaching, which
is highly delightful, conducive to progress, expository of true principles,
and free from violence.

3 O commander of the army, the giver of comforts like a cloud,
whatever shaft thou takest in hand to shoot, make that auspicious. O
protector of the preachers of knowledge, destroy not this world full
of enterprising men.

4. O physician, dweller on the mountains, and analyser of waters,
we praise thee with propitious speech. Full of happiness, let all our
living beings be free from tuberculosis and well satisfied.

5. O physician, the dispeller of ailments, chief amongst the learned,
the teacher of the first class science of medicine, the remover of
diseases by diagnosing them, the sure banisher of diseases deadly like
serpents, with efficacious medicines, preach unto us the laws of health,
cast away all drugs, that aggravate the disease, and lower our vitality.

6. O people, your king is most auspicious, with limbs strong like
copper, brilliant like fire, slightly red and brown. Thousands of brave
soldiers remain under his shelter in all directions. With these soldiers
at our back, we never entertain any evil designs.

7. The commander of the army, with a necklace of precious gems
round the neck, full of good qualities, actions and disposition, goes against
the vicious. The faithful servants and the girls who carry water behold
him. May he when seen be kind to us.

8. The commander-in-chief, with a clear throat and voice, who
watches the actions of thousands of soldiers, and is full of valour, receives
food from me. I offer food to the well-behaved and brave soldiers as well,
who work under him*

4. A physician has often to visit mountains in search after medicinal herbs, hence he is
spoken of as a dweller on the mountains He has to test and analyse waters, and find out their
efficacy. The word ftffa may also mean God, whose characteristics are mentioned in the vedas,
of whose true nature can be known from the vedas or figuratively, who dwells in the vedas.

8. I and me: -The minister in charge of food.

CHAPTER XVI 169

9. O powerful commander of the army, loosen both the extremities
of the bow, put the arrows in thy hand, in the bowstring, throw them on
the enemy, and ward off the arrows the enemy throws on thee.

10. O masters of the science of archery, let not the bow of this
commander with coiled and braided hair, be ever unstrung, let him never
be devoid of arrows, and warlike instruments, who always keeps himself
well-armed, be ever empty. May he possess many arrows. Equip him
anew with arrows whenever they are destroyed.

11. O virile commander, protect us well on all sides with thy
army, the remover of the pain of defeat, with thy weapon, and the bow
in thy hand.

12. O commander of the army, protect us in all directions from the
attack of thy bow. Lay thou the quiver that thou hast in a place away
from us.

13. O commander of the army, the seer of countless scenes on the
battlefield filled with the lustre of innumerable weapons and missiles,
extend thy bow ; sharpan the front edges of thy arms, kill thy foes, and
be kind and gracious unto us.

14. O King, skilled in fighting, keeper of thy designs in secret,
full of eloquence, may thou get foodscuff. I offer food for thee to eat.
I offer food to thy warriors acting as thy arms with their strength
and valour.

15. O commander of the army, kill not our revered elders, nor
our children. Harm not our full grown youths, harm not our progeny
in embryo. Slay not our rearing father, slay not our loving mother.
Harm not the dear bodies of our women.

16. O commander of the army, harm not our newly born child,
nor him over five years in age. Make no attack on our life, our cows,
sheep and goats and harm not our horses, elephants and camels. Kill
not our heroes full of wrath. We with oblations ever call on thee,
firm in justice.

17. O commander of the army, may thou with strong sparkling
arms, and leader of hosts, get arms. May thou lord of the regions get
food. Take thou in hand the axe to cut the mango trees exposed to the
rays of the sun. Homage to thee, the protector of cattle like cows.
Homage to thee free from the bondage of passions, full of the light of
justice. Homage to thee the guardian of the way-farers. Food to thee,

14. I means the spokesman of the subjects.

170 YAJUR VfiDA

the golden-haired wearer of the yajnopavit (sacrificial cord). Homage
to thee the protector of the healthy.

18. Let the state-officials give food to the patient who lives in
their midst. Let them pay homage to the growers of corn. Let them
grant grain for the progress of the world. Let them offer homage to
the lord of human beings. Let them give food to the tormentor of the
foes, and the fighter from all directions against vast armed foes. Let them
give food to the brave warrior, and the queen who injures none. Let
them give food to the Lord of forest.

19. Let the officials and the people give food to the commander
of the army, the enhancer of delights. Let them give food to the lord of
trees. Let them give food to servants of good character. Let them give food
to the physician, the guardian of medicinal herbs. Let them pay homage
to the thoughtful minister, and the expert in trade. Let them give
food to the protector of the householders. Homage to the shouting lord
of justice who makes the wicked weep. Homage to the guardian of
different parts of the army.

20. Food for the person who is active for obtaining full conquest.
Homage to the protector of the substances secured- Food for the power-
ful and chastiser of the foes. Homage to the general who subdues the
armies of the enemies with his own army. Food for the master of arrow,
sword, gun and cannon. Homage to the self-contented, enterprising
person who serves religion, knowledge, mother, master and friends.
Arms for him who keeps the thieves under control. Food for the
forest-guard.

21. Thunderbolt to the cheat, to the arch-deceiver ; and the lord
of stealers. Food to the sword-bearer for the protection of the State.
Thunderbolt to the lord of robbers ; to the bolt-armed homicides.
Homage to the chastiser of the pilferers. Thunderbolt to the roamers
at night with arms. Homage to the killer of pickpockets.

22. Homage to the turban-wearing villager, the haunter of
mountains, the suppressor of the evil-minded dacoits. Food to you who
bear arrows and to you who carry bows. Homage to you who add to our
happiness, and take up arms against foes. Food to you who dissuade
the wicked from evil deeds, and homage to you who use arms against
them.

23. Food to you who use arms against the enemies, and you who

18. $cT means the brave son of a Kshatriya from a Brahman woman. Griffith translates
as Bhava, whereas Rishi Dayananda translates it as the world.

CHAPTER XVI 171

kill them. Punishment to you who sleep on the battle field, and food to
you who keep awake. Food to you who lie, and to you who sit. Food to
you who stand and to you who run.

24. Homage to you ladies endowed with the display of justice,
and to you Kings lords of Assemblies. Food to horses and to you masters
of horses. Food to our armies that kill the armies of the foes. Homage
to you ladies, who kill the heroes of the enemies. Homage to you
ladies, masters of the science of logic, and the ladies who kill foes in
the battle.

25. Food to the servants, and to you their masters. Homage to
the people and to you their guardians. Homage to the learned who
expatiate on the qualities of objects, and to you the protectors of the
wise. Homage to those who assume various garbs, and to you who wear
all forms.

26. Homage to armies, and food to you the leaders of armies.
Homage to you car-borne, and homage to you the pedestrians. Food to
you born through intermarriage. Homage to you who collect materials
for war. Food to the aged and the learned. Homage to you the
students.

27. Food to the carpenters. Homage to you the manufacturers of
aeroplanes. Food to the potters. Homage to you the manufacturers of
arms. Food to the denizens of forest who subdue wild creatures. Homage
to the masters of different languages. Food to the trainers of dogs.
Homage to you the lovers of deer.

28. Food to the dogs, and to you the rearers of dogs. Homage to
him well-known for noble characteristics. Homage to him who makes
the wicked weep. Food to those who kill the depraved, and to those who
rear the cattle. Homage to him with a beautiful neck, and to him
with a black throat.

29. Food to the celibate with braided hair. Homage to the
shavenhaired recluse. Homage to the scholar who keeps an eye on
thousand subjects, and to the Kshatriya who teaches manifold sciences

24. This verse ordains women also to fight at times of emergency. A separate army of
women may be trained, if needed.

25. Buffoons, who through mimickry imitate different forms, deserve respect for their
tact and intelligence.

27. Carpenters and blacksmiths who manufacture arms should be well paid and respected.
29. Celibate : Brahmchari,
Recluse ; Sanyasi,

172 YAJUR VEDA

of armoury. Homage to the Banprasthi who lives in mountains, to the
Vaisha who protects the cattle, and to the Shudra. Homage to the
gardener, and to the well-armed soldier.

30. Food to the child and the learned. Homage to the strong and
those advanced in knowledge. Homage to the aged, and the eminent
amongst the associates. Homage to the foremost in djing noble deeds and
to the well-known.

31. Food to the horse swift like air, and to the horse that throws
down a novice rider, Food to the hasty and to the rapid mover. Food to
the zealous and to the silent workers. Food to him who dwells in rivers
and on islands.

32. Namaste (Homage) to the aged and to the children. Homage
to the first born and to the last born. Homage to the relatives and to
the simple-minded. Homage to the Shudra and to the charitably disposed.

33. Food to the prosperous and the virtuous. Food to the lovers
of justice, and to the protectors. Homage to the scholars of the Vedas,
and to the expert in finishing projects. Homage to the great, and to the
skilled in making collection of provisions.

34. Food to those who live in wood, bushes and caves. Homage to
the teacher and the taught, and to him who fulfils his vow. Food to him
with swift conveyances. Homage to the hero, and to him who rends
asunder the foes.

35. Homage to him who wears a helmet, and to him who wears a
cuirass. Food to him who wears mail and defensive armour, and to him
who possesses a nice house. Homage to the renowned and to him whose
army is renowned. Homage to the skilled drummer, and to the efficient
player on military musical instruments that encourage the soldiers.

36. Food to the bold, the prudent and the mild. Homage to him
who carries sword and quiver. Homage to him who hath sharp weapons,
and is equipped with brave warriors. Food to him who possesses good
weapons and good bows.

37. Food to him who dwells in rivulets, to him who keeps the paths

32. This verse preaches that the elder should greet the younger with Namaste and vice-
versa. Brahmans, Kshatriyas. VaMias and Shudra*? should greet each other with Namaste.
No sense of superiority or inferiority should prevail amoagst the great and small, high and
low.

34. Food means wages, pay, remuneration.

37. People should utilise the water of the streams, canals, wells and tanks to grow fruits,
food arid trees.

CHAPTER XVI 173

clean. Homage to him expert in constructing wells, and water-falls.
Homage to him who knows how to construct canals and tanks. Homage to
him who lives on the banks of streams and food for compassion to the
animalcules residing in small ponds.

38. Food to the creatures who dwell in wells, pits and forests.
Food to him who lives in diverse lights, to him who works in heat, and
manages his fields. Homage to him who knows the science of clouds, and
to him who knows the science of electricity. Homage to him who lives
in a rainy place, and to him who lives in an arid place.

39. Food to him who knows the science of air, and to him who is
the chief killer. Homage to the expert in the construction of houses, and
to their protector. Food to the wealthy, and to him who makes the
wicked weep. Homage to him who abhors sin and to him who practices
virtue.

40. Food to the giver of meal, and to the protector of cows.
Homage to the fierce and to the awe-inspiring. Food to him who slays
the enemy in front, and to him who slays him at a distance. Food to the
slayer of the wicked and to the extirpator of the evil-minded. Homage
to the killer of foes, and the green-tressed soldiers. Food to the deliverer
from misery.

41. Homage to God the source of happiness, and the source of
delight. Homage to God the bestower of happiness and the bestower of
delight. Homage to the auspicious, homage to the most auspicious God.

42. Homage to him who is be3 r ond misery, and to him who is
struggling for release. Homage to him who crosses over and to him who
crosses back. Food to the teachers of the vedas, and speakers of truth, and
to the dwellers on the banks of seas and rivers. Food to him who knows
the science of grass, and to him who knows the science of foam.

43. Food to the expert in extracting gold from sand, and to the
expert in driving oxen. Food to him who knows the use of stones, and
to him who constructs houses for dwelling. Food to him who wears
braided hair, and to him who knows the use of instruments for lifting
heavy objects. Homage to him who utilises properly the barren land, and
to him who is skilled in treading the noble paths of virtue.

44. Food to the expert in deeds, and to the manager of cow-pens.
Food to the efficient couch-maker, and to him who lives peacefully in his
house. Homage to him who is skilled in mental deliberations, and to

38. In diverse lights means who lives not in dark but well ventilated places.
41. This is the last Mantra of the Vedic Sandhya.

174 YAJUR VEDA

him who is proficient in diving deep into intricate topics. Food to
him who explores the mysteries of nature, and to him who dwells in
inaccessible mountain caves.

45. Homage to him who deals in dry fruits, and to him who deals
in green vegetables. Respects to him who lives in a sandy place, and to
him who lives in distant places. Homage to him who is expert in the
knowledge of invisible things, and to him who is expert in the kuowledge
of visible things. Homage to him who is skilled in murdering, and to him
who gives condign punishment.

46. Food to him who shows gratitude in return, and to him who
shears leaves. Food to the enterprising and to him who kills the wicked
foes in front. Homage to the poor and the pauper. Food to the arrow-
makers, and homage to you the bow-makers. Food to the learned dear
like soul, and to you the dischargers of arrows. Homage to the embodi-
ments of virtues, to the destroyers of enemies and to the vanquished.

47. O King, our saviour from degradation, lord of wealth, driver of
foes to the abyss of poverty, robed in blue and red dress, terrify not
these people and cattle, nor make them diseased. Let not us or any one
else be sick.

48. O King, we honour these wise persons, advisers of the
commander of the army, who makes the sinful weep, is accompanied by
heroes who destroy the wicked, leads a life of celibacy ; and is powerful,
so that in this universe all human beings and cattle of the world be
happy, free from misery and disease.

49. O royal physician, thy auspicious, vast and fascinating skill, is
like medicine the killer of disease. It gives comfort to the patient and
removes his affliction. Make us enjoy this life with pleasure for all
days.

50. O King, giver of pleasure unto us, keep us away from the
weapons of the valiant, save us from the evil-mindedness of the indignant
sinners. Extend unto our babes and youths, the stable intellect derived
from the rich, and make us all delightful with it.

51. O most bounteous, most auspicious King, be auspicious, well
inclined to us. Take up thy weapons, put on the deer-skin cloak, wear
the armour thy protector, and come for our safety. Attack the strong
army of the enemy worthy to be torn asunder.

45. Skilled in murdering, refers to a commander who kills the soldiers of the opposing
army on the battlefield.

46. An enemy, being defeated deserves protection, honour and respect, and not annibi"
lation.

CHAPTER XVI 175

52. O King, sound sleeper like a powerful swine, bent on
inaugurating various projects, holy Lord, to thee be homage. May all
the thousand darts of thine strike dead against the foe different from us.

53. O auspicious commander of the army, thou hast got thousands
of weapons in thy possession, Thou art their Lord. Turn back with
them the faces of thousands of our foes.

54. Innumerable, thousands are the creatures on the face of the
earth. In their connection we should send weapons to places a thousand
leagues away.

55. In this mighty, subtle, watery space above us there are
creatures and airs. We should make use of them ; and transport
weapons to places a thousand leagues away.

56. Creatures are dwelling in the sky, whose necks are blue, whose
throats are white. We should make use of them, and send weapons to
places a thousand leagues away.

57. The injurious creatures, whose necks are blue and whose
throats are white, live down below on the earth. Let us use weapons for
their extermination in places a thousand leagues away.

58. There are injurious serpents, living in the dens of trees, awful
in appearance, full of poison, with blue necks and different in colours.
We should use our arms for their extinction in places a thousand leagues
afar.

59. The Sanyasis with no hair-tufts, and the Brahmcharis with
braided hair, are the lords of the animate and inanimate world. For
their safety, we roam in distant places a thousand leagues afar, and use
the weapons of knowledge for the removal of the evil of ignorance.

60. For them, who are the protectors of paths and pedestrians, the
producers of corn on the earth, who fight with full force, against their
enemies, we transport our weapons to places a thousand leagues afar.

61. For them, who with arrows in their hand, and armed with

52. foeftffcsf may mean free from sin according to Mahidhar's interpretation. Swami
Dayananda translates it as, 'bent on inaugurating various projects.'

56-57. It may mean, they are unreliable. They show different phases of character. They
behave in one way from the front and in another from behind. They are double faced, sweet
tongued before the authorities, and evil intentioned in the back.

61. There are two channels or expedients rfW for man. The first is the vow of celibacy,
study of the vedas, service of the preceptor, contemplation of God, and truthfulness, which
ruake us overcome the miseries of life. The second is the use of ships and boats that carry us
from one corner of the river to the other, and make as cross it.

176 VAJUR VEDA

sword, preach the study of the vedas and the use of ships, we send out
weapons to places a thousand leagues afar.

62. The degraded persons, who harm the men taking food and
drink from their cups, deseive to be uprooted by the use of our arms,
though they be a thousand leagues afar.

63. We use the forces of nature against the creatures, mentioned
above and still more, lodged in different directions, though they be a
thousand leagues afar.

64. Homage to the heroes, who work selflessly like vital breaths,
who like sun's light are shining in humility and knowledge, who are
powerful like the rain. To them ten eastward, southward ten, ten to the
west, ten to the north, ten to the region uppermost. To them we offer
food. May they guard and delight us. Within their jaws we lay the
man who dislikes us and whom we dislike.

65. Homage to the heroes, who sitting in planes fly in the air, who
work selflessly like vital breaths, who are powerful like the wind. To
them ten eastward, southward ten, ten to the west, ten to the north, ten
to the region uppermost. To them we offer food. May they guard and
delight us. Within their jaws we lay the man who dislikes us and whom
we dislike.

66. Homage to the heroes who sitting in conveyances travel on
the earth, who work selflessly like the vital breaths, whose arms are
foodstuffs. To them ten eastward, southward ten, ten to the west, ten
to the north, ten to the region uppermost. To them we offer food. May
they guard and delight us. Within their jaws we lay the man who
dislikes us and whom we dislike.

64. Ten : In each direction they enjoy the delights and comforts of ten directions; or the
ten fingers of both the hands be raised in supplication to God . for their prosperity. Just as a
mouse in the month of a cat is put to inconvenience so we put the hater and the hated in the
hands of heroes for punishment.

CHAPTER

1. O fully charitably disposed persons, ever active like the wind,
grant us food and strength contained in lightning and clouds, formidable
in appearance mountain-like.

Grant us food, strength and juice gathered from the plants, trees
and waters. O man may I possess thy cloudwise strength and thy appetite.
Let thy pain reach the man we dislike.

2. learned person, may the materials of my yajna, like milch
kine, be the givers of happiness to me.

They may be one, and ten, and ten tens, a hundred, and ten hundred,
a thousand and ten thousand and a hundred thousand, a lac and ten lacs,
a million, and ten millions, a crore, ten crores, hundred crores, thousand
crores, its ten times Maha Padma, its ten times Shankh, its ten times
Samudra, its ten times Madhya, its ten times Prardh. May these bricks
of my altar be a source of happiness to me, like milch-kine in this world
and the next world.

3. O women, ye are pleasant like the spring season, full of truth
like canals with water, enjoyers of seasons like spring, advancers of truth,
givers of butter, givers of sweet juices, worthy of protection, full of
various noble qualities, fulfillers of our desires like kine, make us happy.

4. O ruler, just as we, conversant with the knowledge of self-
protection in space, approach thee from all sides, be thou our purifier
and auspicious to us.

5. O ruler, we rally round thee for safety, just as fire or cloth
removes cold. Be thou our purifier, aud auspicious to us.

6. O noble and well-decorated woman, live on this earth in the
midst of riches, enhancing thy resources. Just as fire is the emblem of
the essence of life, so should'st thou approach us with sweetness and
vigour. Make our resplendent domestic life successful.

7. O learned person, this space in full is the decided home of

1. Husband and wife should share the weal and woe of each other.

2* Millions and billions of bricks are used in the construction of a big house or a grand
altar. The house and the altar (Wt) strongly built are a source of comfort and happiness
like the milch-kine. Daily performance of Havan is necessary to elevate our ?oul in this
world and the world to come. God has in this verse preached the science of Arithmetical
digits, which can be multiplied ad-infinitum.

178 YAJUR VEDA

waters and creatures. Lead the life of a domestic person with certainty
like the ocean of vapours in space. Doing virtuous deeds, be propitious
unto us. Let thy shafts trouble others different from us.

8. O excellent diffuser and preacher of knowledge, the gratifier of
the hearts of men, with thy pleasant and truthful tongue ; and thy light
of knowledge, preach unto the learned, and associate with them.

9. O learned person, pure, foe-destroyer, distinguisher of truth
from untruth ; just as fire carries afar our fragrant oblations, so dost
thou in this world bring hither for us domestic life and learned persons.

10. The Commander of the army, who with purifying conscious
force shines upon the earth like dawns with sun's light, who kills speedily
like strong horses, the foes that come in the way ; who in the heat of
battle tolerates thirst, whom old age does not touch, is fit for rule.

11. O ruler, our obeisance to thee, the remover of afflictions. Our
obeisance to thee pure and worthy of respect. May thy armed forces
trouble others than us. Be thou our purifier, and propitious unto us.

12. O King, the leader of men, occupy the seat of justice. Administer
justice unto sailors in ships. Thou art the chief for improving thy
subjects. Be thou a dweller in the solitude of forests, and a lover of
justice. Be thou the enjoyer of pleasure, full of perseverance.

13. The hermits (Sanyasis) learned of the learned, who take their
meals without performing Havan, lead a life of sacrifice, and contempla-
tion amongst the performers of usual sacrifice (yajna), and worship the
Adorable God, after a year's penance, take themselves the honey and
butter of oblations in this yajna.

14. The learned yogis who amongst the learned attain to Godhead,
who first of all acquire communion with God, without whose aid no
place of happiness is sanctified, dwell neither on heaven's heights nor on
the face of the earth.

15. O King, thy powers are the givers of life and strength unto
us, the givers of resources for the removal of affliction, the givers of
knowledge, the helpers for studying all sciences, the preachers of true
religion and service of the learned. May thy weapons trouble others
than us. Be thou our purifier and propitious unto us.

13. A samnyasi kindles the inner and not the outer fire. Itis not necessary for him to
perform Havan.

14. The yogis attain to salvation, i.e., final beatitude (Moksha), and being obeorbed
ta God, tkeir souls roam throughout the universe,

CHAPTER XVII 179

16. O learned person, just as fire with its sharpened blaze, gives
us all eatables, and just as electricity adds to our wealth, so shouldst thou
be helpful for us.

17. The Omniscient God, the Creator and Dissolver of all objects,
our Father, pervading all these regions, is ever-present. He sustains
the universe, With his blessing, He grants us riches ; and pervades the
subtle primordial vast matter, and the world created therefrom.

18. What is the support of this universe ? What is the material
cause of the world in the beginning ? What was its nature ? Whence
God, the Doer of myriad deeds, the Seer of all, producing the earth and
the heavens, covers them with His mighty power.

19. God keeps an eye on the whole world, preaches morality to
humanity, is full of immense strength, is present everywhere. The
Incomparable One Effulgent Lord, with mobile atoms, producing the
Earth and Heaven, with His mighty force puts the universe in motion.

20. Let the Yogis with mind under control, intelligently question
the learned. What was the adorable cause, what the transitory result-
ant universe ? Who created separately the heaven and Earth and how ?
Know God the Creator of the universe, Who sustaining all regions where
human beings dwell, reigns supreme over them.

21. O God, the Lord of food grains, and doer of noble deeds,
whatever high, low, and medium sized places there are in Thy universe,
Thou Thyself providest them with food. Developing our body, give us
Thy devoted friends, good instructions.

22. O noble King, just as God, the embodiment of virtues, through
His grandeur, connects the earth and the sun, so shouldst thou associate
with all. Let the venerable rich learned person throw all our foes into
confusion.

16. Just as fire burns grass dry or wet, so we should burn all our vices and imbibe
virtues. Just as electricity pervades all objects, so should we learn all sciences and dispel
ignorance.

17. God was present in matter the cause of the universe, and is present in all heavenly
bodies, created therefrom.

20. Adorable cause is matter, from which results this universe, which is ephemeral
and is dissolved into atoms by God.

The process of creating the universe from indestructible matter by God, and dissolving
it again into atoms is eternal.

22. Heaven and earth are connected through mutual attraction,

180 YAJUR VEDA

23. Let us invoke for our protection in battle, the high sooukd indi-
vidual, wto is the preserver of the vedas, swift like mind, and expert in

all deeds. May he the giver of comfort to all, the doer of virtuous deeds,
for our safety, approve of our invocations.

24. O King, the lover of noble actions, the head of all Assemblies,
select him as thy minister for advice in state affairs, who is highly
serviceable, dignified, unworthy of harm, protector, and wealthy. Let
the good subjects bow unto him ; so that this minister be quick to hurt,
and fit to be respected in various ways.

25. Ye people, when you elect as your ruler the man, who is the
guardian of the lovers of justice ; has a patient mind peaceful through
austerity, grants us dainties, and makes the officials and the subjects
respect each other, and live together like the ancient far extended
Heaven and Earth, and make progress working unitedly like feet the
lowest protions of the body, then alone is the government stabilised.

26. God is the Creator of the whole universe, full of knowledge.
Ubiquitous Sustainer, Maker, Seer, and foremost of all. He is known
as the Incomparable One. In Him the souls controlling the seven rishis
live in enjoyment according to their desire. He fulfils their lofty
ambition?.

27. God is the Father, Who made us. Who rewards our acts,
and creates the universe. Who knoweth all worlds and all things existing.
He is the name-giver of all the forces of nature. He is One. Him
do all created beings seek for informatian.

28. Highly learned persons, tha nourishers of all, the knowers of
the significance of the vedas, like a praiser, thoroughly educate these
living beings, in invisible and visibly settled worlds, and amass wealth
for carrying out the commands of God.

29. God is higher than this Earth and Heaven, higher than
learned living beings, and beyond the divisions of time. Through His

23. The high-fouled individual means the ruler. He should possess the qualities
mentioned in this verse. See 8. 45.

24. See 8, 46.

26. Seven Rishh .Five breaths Pran, Apan, Vyao, Udan, Saman, Dhananjaya and
soul.

Their : -Souls.

Seven Rishis may also mean two eyes, two ears, two nostrils and month.

27. For information : to learn Who is the supreme God.

28. Vedic teachings are meant for the inhabitants of earth and other invisible planets
where dwell men.

CHAPTER XVH 181

persuasion souls enter the numerous assuraable bodies. Him do the
devotees of knowledge see with a spiritual eye.

30. Know Him to be God, in Whom souls sustain the vast eternal
matter, the source of creation ; to Whom all yogis attain. Who acts as
Lord over eternal soul and matter. Who is Self Existent. In Whom
abide all things existing.

31. O people ye do not know God, Who has produced those crea-
tures, Who is away from the irreligious and separate from soul and
matter, and being present in al! is still distant ; as ye are sunk in the
darkness of ignorance ; occupied with the discussion of partial truth and
untruth, engaged in the enjoyment of carnal pleasures, and abandoning
the practice of 3 7 oga, are busy with controversy over the meanings of
words.

32. Firstly was created the air, in which are performed all good
deeds ; secondly was created the sun, which sustains the earth ; thirdly
was created the cloud, that fosters plants, waters and souls, and helps the
retention of life in material objects, is the guardian of many, and begetter
of rain.

33. He is an ideal commander of the army, who is swift, keeps his
arms sharpened, fearless like a strong bull, a zealous killer of foes, strikes
terror in men ; makes the enemies weep bitterly, works day and night,
a sole hero, rends asunder the opponents, and subdues with us a hundred
armies.

34. Ye warriors, win the opposing forces, and bear the brunt of
their speed with the commander, who makes the enemies weep, is ever
exerting, is fond of victory, arranges his soldiers in different divisions,
puts the enemies to inconvenience, is steady, energetic, and strong, with
arms in hand.

35. The Commander of the army, with arms in hand, with well-
trained and armed soldiers, keeper in stock of arms and weapons, the
master of passions, the conqueror of foes, the maintainer of peace in the
country, strong in arms, with sharp shafts fond of fight, discharges his
weapons, kills his enemies, and with his disciplined army achieves victory
over the opposing forces.

36. O protector of the religious minded, the aged and the forces,

the slayer of demons, the remover of our foes, their killer, the^ brcaker-up

31. Distant : Though near, God is distant from those engrossed in ignorance aod lack
of knowledge.

182 YAJUfc VEDA

of the enemy's forces, their destroyer in the battle with military accou-
trements, be thou protector of our conveyances that are used on the
earth, the sea, and in the air.

37. O Commander of the army, well-equipped with military war-
fare, thou knowest how to strengthen thy army, art an experienced
statesmen, a foremost fighter, mighty, the master of the science of war,
the endurer of pleasure and pain, the fierce slayer of the wicked, the
possessor of nice warriors, and martial intelligent employees, famous for
strength, conquering land, surrounded by victorious heroes, mount thy
conquering conveyance.

38. O friendly countrymen, encourage the commander of the army,
and begin the battle with him, who with his physical, mental and military
strength, cleaves the enemies' families, usurps their land, is armed with
weapons, slay's the foes, subdues the enemy in the battle, and conquers
him.

39. May the commander of the army, who, with surpassing vigour
pierces in the battles the families of the enemies, is pitiless, wild with
anger, unconquerable by foes, conqueror of the enemy's forces, unequalled
in fight, and victor, protect our armies,

40. In battle, the commander, the leader of these armies of the
learned, the conqueror and demolisher of the enemies should march behind.
The organiser of the army should march in front. The leader of
big bands should march on the right. The encourager of the army should
march on the left. The warriors swift like air should march ahead.

41. Musical instruments, to infuse valour and energy shouW be
played upon before the commencement of the battle, by the learned
soldiers of the powerful commander, and mighty king, who possess decent
homes, lofty ideas, are able to conquer the enemies, have led a life of
celibacy for forty eight years, are highly learned and strong, full of
terrible power.

42. O adorable commander the slayer of foes, like the sun of
clouds, make the weapons of our soldiers flourish, excite the spirits of
our warring heroes, increase the speed of our horses, and let the din of
conquering cars go upward.

43. O learned persons desirous of victory, may the commander

37. Conveyance . refers to the conveyance used on land, on water and in the air. Cars,
ships and aeroplanes are covered by this word.

39. Pitiless; A commander is full of pity for the virtuous, but is devoid of pity for the
fots,

CHAPTER XVII 183

and our forces, under different flags, the emblems of justice and truth,
win in the battle. May our brave men enjoy after war. May ye protect
us everywhere at the time of war.

44. O queen the slayer of foes, organise the bands of thjr army,
that bewilders the hearts of the forces of the enemy, remain aloof from
sin, convey thy aim to thy soldiers, burn down the foes, whereby they
may abide in utter darkness with hearts full of griefs.

45. O' wife of the comraander-in-chief, expert in the art of archery,
trained by a learned person knowing the vedas, on persuasion, go afar,
encounter the foes, achieve victory by slaying them. Let not even one of
those distant foes escape.

46. Advance, O heroes, win the day. May the commander of the
army provide ye with shelter, food and clothes, Exceeding mighty be
your arms, that none may threaten or injure you.

47. O learned persons, the army of our enemies, that comes against
us in a jealous mood, with its might, meet ye and enwrap it harshly in
the darkness of the smoke arising out of the use of cannons so that they
may not recognise one another.

48. There where the flights of arrows fall like boys whose locks
are unshorn, may the Commander, the protector of the big army grant
us shelter, may the entire Assembly adorned with members, grant us a
happy home through all our days.

49. O valiant warrior, thy vital parts I cover with armour. May
this calm, considerate king protect thee with efficacious medicine. May
the exalted King give tbee what is more than ample. May the learned
encourage thee in thy triumph over the wicked.

44. JrtAcc rding to Sayana, a female deity who presides over in ; according to
Mahidhar, sickness or fear. According to Swami Dayananda, it means the queen who leads
the army of women and kills the foes. This verse advocates the formation of the army of
women.

47. Darkness . the use of fiery weapons produces smoke, that envelops the enemy's
forces, and being blinded one soldier cannot recognise the other. It may also refer to the
use of gases which darken the eyes of the soldiers.

48. Like boys : The arrows (all where they list, as boys before the Mundan Sanskar,
(tonsure ceremony) play about vigorously wherever they like.

Professor Roth separates Visikha from Kumara, and translates 'where the arrows fly,
young and old' ; that is feathered and unfeathered. Swami Dayananda translates arrows to
Bean weapons and arms.

49. The armour or coat of mail, protects the shoulders, back, chest, and lower pafU
of ths body.

184 YAJUR VfiDA

50. O Commander of the army, well satisfied with ghee, lead this
conquering hero to a high position ; vouchsafe him growth of riches and
multiply his progeny.

51. O Commander, lead to eminence, this hero amongst the learned
of the same age. May he have control over his passions. Vouchsafe him
lustre of knowledge, so that he may give each his share.

52. O learned family priest prosper the King in whose house we
perform Homa (offer oblation). May the learned teach him, and may
the master of the vedas teach them.

53. O learned King, may all the intellectuals bear and lift thee
upward. May thou endowed with convincing knowledge, shining with
the light of mastery of various subjects, be propitious unto us.

54. Casting aside dense ignorance and evil genius, these educated
wives of the learned, engaged in different duties like the five regions,
for the growth of riches, serving their husbands should yearn for domestic
life, whereby this domestic life be made firm in the aquisition of wealth.

55. Just as the learned, in enkindled fire, perform Agnihotra
yajna, so should a highly revered person, the singer of vedic hymns,
adorable, lovable sacrificer perform the well lighted yajna, accepting it
with vigour.

56. Just as learned persons, desirous of performing yajna, engage
themselves in [the performance of Agni Hotra yajna for the happiness of
the learned, and just as for the loving, benign, and virtuous priest, % the
wealth of knowledge, and a sacrificer (Yajman) intent on acquiring
riches, and lord of a hundred drinkable objects like milk and itsilk, are
there, so should ye the imparters of knowledge, having acquired learning
perform the Agni Hotra yajna.

57. The householder, who with a tranquil mind, puts into the fire,
for performing the yajna, the oblation which moves above and removes

51. His share : The wealth obtained through defeating the enemy should not be
usurped by the King, but distributed amongst the warring soldiers.

52. The priests teach the King, and the King the Knower of the Vedas teaches them-
Knowledge is thus preserved and expanded through deliberations.

53. The text has occurred in 12-31, with a different interpretation.

56. Priest means Hota.

57. Fourth yajua .-Excellent yajna. In Shatapatha Brahmana 9-2-3-1 1 the Turiya
(fourth) yajna is described as one in which the Adhwaryu sings verges from the Yajur veda,
^nd then Hota recites hymns from the Rig Veda, and theu Brahma recites the Apratirath or
irresistible Sukta (R. V. 10-103), Professor Eggeling remarks that these verses (33-44) are
enigmatical, but his view is incorrect, as the verses are clear.

CHAPTER XVII 185

foul smell, performs the fourth yajna. May prayers and the fulfilment
of our desires bless us in the yajna where we get material fit for Homa.

58. Sun gives us light from the beginning of creation. Its rays
are green. In the created world it incessantly gives us strength. A
learned person perceiving fully realises its science. With its light, the
Earth, planets and stars, the protectors of the world, manifest all
regions.

59. This sun, in the midst of heaven, like an aeroplane, sits,
filling the earth, sky and air's mid region, with its light. It spreads its
beams that illumine the world and give us water. It sheds its lustre
on the day, the night and the intervening period.

60. God has set the sun in the midst of heaven. It attracts rain-
water and pours it down, is red, protects us thoroughly, possesses diverse
coloured rays,rotates, keeps under check the clouds and different worlds,
and guards them. It pervades lightning the efficient cause of light.

61. All vedic songs glorify God expansive like the space, the most
delightful of all pleasant objects, the Lord of the wise, the Guardian of
eternal matter and souls.

62. God is the Invoker of the learned, Adorable, our Instructor
in truth and Relinqaisher from untruth, the Bestower of pleasures,
Worshipful, the giver of comfort and remover of discomforts. May the
Effulgent God grant and procure us noble qualities.

63. Just as God, the Sustainer, the Producer of Knowledge, through
devices of elevation lifts me up, so elect him as General of the army who
with his subjugating power keeps my foemen down.

64. May the learned increase wealth through strenuous e
and renunciation ; and may the military and civil heads of the
drive away my opposing foes.

65. Ye heroes, with spiritual force in your hand, attain to happi-
ness through the science of electricity. Having procured the desired
happiness resulting from justice and humility, live in the company of tit
learned.

59. Like an aeroplane : Ju*t a* aeroplanes fly high in the sky a&4^40ok wonderful,
so does the sun appear beautiful and wonderous when it shine* in the sky.
The night : Moon receives light from the sun, and illumines the night.

65. Ukha i Spiritual force.

186 YAJUR VEDA

66. O King, go forward to the eastern region. In thy state, with
the use of fiery weapons, be a skilled leader full of passion like fire.
Illumining all the quarters, shine with splendour ; supply food to our
quadrupeds and bipeds.

67. Through yoga, from physical force I rise higher to mental
force ; from mental force I rise higher to spiritual force ; from spiritual
force I rise higher to God, the Blissful Light.

68. The learned yogis, who attain to Cod, the Sustainer of the
universe, on their march to salvation, pay no attention to worldly
pleasures, but rise to salvation, that frees them from birth and death.

69. Foremost of those who exert, O learned person, come forward,
thou art the eye of the literate and the illiterate.

The sacrificers, fain to worship, friendly to all, accordant with the
highly learned persons, attain to ordinary and extreme happiness.

70. Just as the nurse and mother with different characteristics,
but with one mind, working in harmony suckle the same child, so do the
night and dawn, with different hues nourish the world. Just as the
brilliant sun shines between the Heaven and Earth, so do the imparters
of knowledge imbibe the glow of knowledge.

71. O yogi, thou hast the knowledge of innumerable usages,
immense power of meditation, hundreds of accomplishments of life, and
thousands of modes of activity. Thou art the Lord of thousandfold
possessions. To thee full of knowledge may we offer our obeisance in
truthful words.

72. O learned yogi, with thy light, thou art endowed with
excellent noble qualities, yoked with high soul-power. Just as the
sun shines in the midst of heaven, so do thou be seated on earth. Grant
happiness to the people like air. As the sun fills air's mid-region with
its glow, so shouldst thou strengthen sovereignty with thy statesmanship.
Just as fire with its intense heat fills the quarters, so shouldst thou
elevate the people.

73. Thou, whose soul is enlightened with yoga, who invitest
respect from those who contact thee, the master of good traits, the
teacher of the science of yoga, through thy virtuous deeds, seat thyself

67. Antrikshaloka is described in the Shatapatha Brahmana as mind, vide Shatapatha
14/4/3/11. The verse may also mean, a yogi through yogic practices, can rise from the earth
to the space, from the space to the sun, from the sun ri t to the height of happiness.

69. Eye : who keeps a watch over their doings and shows them the right path.

70. See 12-2. The text is the same, but meanings are different.

CHAPTER XVII 187

firmly in God thy nearest home. Ye all yogis, with laudable acts, stick
fast to truth after discussion.

74. Just as a wise person, knows the exalted vedic speech of God,
the Adorable, the Giver of the glory of yoga, and enhances his knowledge
with that speech, that is wondrous, explains the creation of the universe,
is full of knowledge, explains each topic lucidly and gives us wisdom and
food, so do I rightly accept it.

75. O Yogi, we adore thee with praise-songs for thy past life, and
for thy present life, in which we live with thee. May we worship God
through whose shelter thou hast risen. Just as the performers of Homa,
put oblations in the well kindled fire, so do we remove our moral
weaknesses through the fire of yoga.

76. O most youthful yogi, first enkindled with dignity, with
continuous supremacy, long for us. Constantly unto thee come the
learned.

77. O learned person, just as a horse is fed with fodder, and
intellect sharpened with prayers, so art thou beneficent and pleasing to
our heart ; may we approach thee with praises, and advance under thy
protections.

78. Just as an oblation is put with butter, into the fire, filled
with fuel, so with a contemplative mind do I acquire discernment so that
the learned, who strengthen truth, and are devoted to knowledge, may
come here. To God, Lord of the Earth, and Master of all deeds, I
offer-up day after day the inviolable sacrifice of knowledge.

79. O sage, seven breaths are thy fuel, seven flames are thy flames
of knowledge, seven organs of perception are thy sources of wisdom.

74- It refers to vedic speech.

76. Most youthful : most advanced in knowledge.

77. See 15-44. The text is the same, but interpretation different. Protections means
qualities of protection.

79. STFft tf fTfoiZ: 5To 9-2-3-44.

Seven breaths : Pran, Apan, Saman Vyan, Udan, Devdutt, Dhananjaya.

Seven flames : Kali, Karali, Manojava, Sulohita, Sudhutnravarna, Sphulingini,
Vishvarupi. These have been spoken as seven tongues in the text.

Seven organs : Nose, tongue, eye, ear, skin, mind, intellect. These are called seven
Rishis.

Seven Mansions (gm) : vSF*. WH, 1R Sjrf. Wf, VTO "ft* I

Seven priests : the seven organs of perception.

Sevenfold manner : Seven Rishis perform their duties in connection with the subject
concerned, M., eye with seeing, ear with hearing, tongue with speaking tte.

188 YAJUR VEDA

Thou hast seven beloved mansions. Seven priests in sevenfold manner
pay thee worship. With knowledge and fine speech fill full these seven
sources of learning.

80. God is Purely Bright, Wonderfully Bright, Eternally Bright,
All Luminous, Bright, Truth's Protector, and free from Sin.

81. Persons, who are excellent like God, noble like other good
people, equal towards all, affectionate towards all, respectable, well-
balanced, and possessors ot worldly objects, succeed in life.

82. God is the Knower of truth, Most Excellent amongst the
excellent, Resolute, the Support of all, the Sustainer, the Owner of all
owners, and efficient Administrator.

83. He, who is the advancer of knowledge, elevator of religion,
Conqueror of armies, lord of goodly forces, keeper of friends near at hand ;
driver afar of foes, is worthy of estimation.

84. O learned persons, the performers of seasonwise sacrifice
(Yajna), well-qualified, resembling the aforesaid sacrificers, free from
partiality, similar in nature to the highly learned, truthful and religious,
come near unto us.

May the knowers of reality, discriminators of truth from untruth
like a balance, the supporters and nourishers of their companions protect
us to-day in this sacrifice.

85. He who exalts his men, feasts on dainty dishes, torments the
foes, is an admirable householder, lover of games, and mighty, becomes a
nice conqueror.

86. O King behave so that thy learned subjects, regular performers
of yajna, may become thy followers. Just as learned people, dear as
breath, follow God, so should the literate and the illiterate persons follow
this King, tfee giver of happiness through knowledge and teaching.

87. O man resplendent like fire, drink as from a teat filled with
milk, this invigorating juice of waters. In the midst of many welcome
this well full of sweet water. Fast like a horse, enter thy oceanic
dwellings,

88. O sailor, wish thou to master water. Ghee is the home of fire.
It rests in ghee. Ghee is its proper province. Utilise that fire for

88. This text has al c o a spiritual meaning as follow* :

O learned person, drink deep from the Vedas, God's teats, full of significant, forceful
words enjoy sweet, progressive devotion, and through contemplation, reach the spiritual home
gt knowledge.

CHAPTER XVII 189

producing food-stuffs. O giver of pleasures ; thou receivest the oblation
consecrated through vedic incantations, hence gladden us.

89. O men, know that forth from the ocean springs the watery
wave of sweetness with rays of the fun. Being divine it is extremely
pleasant in taste. The real cause of water is hidden. Salvation is the
result of the teachings of the learned.

90. He. whose knowledge of the four vedas is like four horns, who
studies and enjoys the vedas, is perfectly well versed in them all,
preaches them to humanity, and listens to their teachings from others, is
the praiseworthy embodiment of knowledge. It is our duty to propagate
it to others, and act upon it in our domestic life with words of veneration.

91. This yajna has got four horns, three feet, two heads, and seven
hands. This mighty, attainable yajna, the giver of happiness, bound with
a triple bond, roars loudly and enters into mortals.

89. The real cause : Primordial matter the real cause of water is hidden, mysterious
and unmani fened.

Professor Ludwig is unnecessarily furious over the explanations which Sayana gives.
The sense of the text is not obscure as alleged by him.

90. Professor Wilson following Sayana wrongly interprets the epithet 'four horned* as,
applying to God, who may be called a buffalo as a type of extraordinary strength. Mahidhar's
interpretation of four horns as four officiating priests is also wide the mark. 'Four horns' is a
phrase u^eH figuratively to denote the knowledge of the four vedas by a learned person.
Horns are pillars of spiritual knowledge.

91. Four horns : The four vedas.
Three feet : Mo-ning, noon, and evening.

Two heads : The rising and setting times of the sun.
Seven hands : The seven metres of the veda like Gayatri etc.

Triple bond : The Mantra, Kalpa and Brahmana, prayer, ceremonial, and rationale of
the veda, or the three regions, Heaven, Firmament, and Earth.

Loud roaring is the sound of the recitation of the vedic verses.
Different explanations have been given by Mahidhar for these words.
Patanjali in his immortal work the Mahabhashya explains these words differently.
The ver c e can be applied to grammar ( 3lt*$r.&)

Four horns are 1W (Noun) 3H$41<t (verb), 3*flRif (a preposition prefixed to roots) and
(Indeclinable).

Three feet : Past, present, and future.
Two heads . Nitya and pnf (Effect).
Seven hands : Seven cases.
Triple bonds :-~ Heart, Throat and Head.

190 YAJUR VEDA

92. The learned, masters of the worldly affairs, acquire after
research the knowledge bidden in the vedas, and laid three-wise.
Electricity exposes a part of that knowledge, sun another part, and the
learned the third part by their wisdom and experience.

93. These vedic speeches which flow from the inmost reservoir of
the heart are incontrovertible by the thievish foe. I realise these
speeches full of knowledge and see in their midst the Resplendent,
Beautiful God.

94. From the inmost recesses of the heart, purified by mind, flow
together our speeches as streams flow to the ocean. These waves of
knowledge pour swiftly like the deer running through the fear of a tiger.

95. Just as rushing down the rapids of a river, fall swifter than the
wind the vigorous currents, just as the swift fleeting horse, breaking
aside the battlefields, falls upon the enemy, watering the earth with
perspiration arising out of his endeavour to kill the foe, so do the exalted
speeches full of knowledge fall on the audience from the mouth of a
preacher.

96. Just as women of high character, of one mind, gently smiling,
incline towards their husbands, so do the speeches of pure knowledge,
glowing with apt use, meaning, and relation of words, reach a learned
person, who enjoying them attains to brilliance.

97. As maidens deck themselves with gay adornments and exhibit
their beauty to join thair husbands, so, where prosperity reigns, where
yajna is performed, there the intellectual speeches are sanctified on all
sides, which I enjoy again and again.

98. O married couple, welcome the laudable struggle for existence,
procure the wisdom of speech, milk, curd and butter. May the learned
bestow on us excellent possessions, and grant us this domestic life. The
learned receive the instructive, sjveet words of knowledge,

99. O God, this whole universe depends upon thy power and might
vast like the atmosphere. May we realise Thee.

O king may we acquire the strength that lies in thy breaths, thy
heart, thy lively soldiers and thy battlefield, and thy wisdom full of
admirable characteristics.

92. Laid threewise : placed in the earth 'atmosphere and heaven, contemplation
(Upasana) or in the form of k row ledge (Jnar) aod Action (Karma).

96. One mind : Husband and wife should be of one agreeable mind, attached to each
other.

97. I : a learned person.

CHAPTER xvifl

1. May my food and my prosperity, my exertion and my influence,
my thought and my mental power, my independence and my speech, my
hearing and my vedic knowledge, the light of my learning and my
pleasure prosper through the contemplation of Adorable God, and the
performance of philanthropic deeds for the good of humanity.

2. May my Pran and Apan, my Vyan and my Dhananjaya, my Nag
breath and other breaths, my memory and my well defined knowledge,
my voice and hearing, my mind and reflections, my eye and knowledge,
my ear and vedic authority, my wisdom and honour, my strength and
valour, prosper through the practice of religion.

3. May my energy and my army, my soul and my body, my house
and my armour, my limbs and my bones, my joints and my relatives'
bodies, my life and my resources, my old age and youth prosper through
the grace of God.

4. May my preeminence and nice objects, my overlordship and
property, my righteous indignation and tranquillity of mind, my angry
passion and noble behaviour, my just possessions and acquirable objects,
my coolness like water, and my milk, curd and butter, my victorious
power and victory, my greatness and honour, my magnanimity and
excellent conduct, my abundance and vast objects, my old age and youth,
the continuity of my family and its smallness, my increase of riches and
penury, my amelioration and consequent happiness prosper through
religious practices.

5. May my truth and love for all, my faith and things that lead
to its accomplishment, my progeny and their possessions, my wealth and
food stuffs, my belongings and philanthropy, my beauty and honour, my
play and sports materials, my enjoyment and extreme delight, my
children born before and those born anew, my future children and my
relation with them, my nice words and reflections, my pious acts and
their aids prosper through true religious teachings.

6. May my knowledge and its contributory cause, my immortality
and juice worth drinking, my freedom from consumption and acts that

2. Pran : The breath that moves above the navel. Apan is the breath that moves
down the navel. Vyan is the breath that move-; throughout the body, and specially resides
in the navel. Other breaths are Devdatt, Dhananjaya, etc.

192 YAJUR VEDA

remove sickness, my age free from disease and medicines that contribute
to it, my life-strength and abstemiousness, my longevity and celibacy, my
freedom from enemies and love for justice, my freedom from fear and
valour, my happiness and its cause, my sleep and its contributory cause,
my fair dawn a.id its cause, my fair day and useful deeds prosper through
truthfulness.

7. May my leader and well-controlled possessions, my supporters
and accepted truths, my protection and protector, my finances and
toleration, my world and obedience to its laws, my mighty deeds and
fair dealings, my determination and knowlede, my understanding and
objects worth knowing, m.y impulses and thoughts, my propagation and
eugenics, my plough and cultivators, my concentration and learning,
prosper by following noble principles.

8. May my welfare and its materials, my comfort and its means,
my affection and its sources, my religious desire and its means, my purity
of mind and its sources, my immense supremacy and its means, my strength
and its sources, my pleasure-giving comfort and its means, my pleasure
of salvation and its sources, my excellent residence and its materials, my
fame and its cause prosper through the grace of God.

9. May my well-cooked and fragrant food, my affectionate and
truthful speech, my milk and prepared medicines, my sap and medicinal
juices, my butter and food cooked with it, my honey and sugar, my meals
in company and means of enjoyment, my drinking in company and objects
to be licked, my agriculture and food grains, my rain and purification of
air through Homa, my impulse for conquest and trained army, my flowers
and trees, flourish through the prayer of God.

10. May the wealth of knowledge and enterprise, my property and
cooked food, ray prosperity and health, my mind the master of all topics
and God's contemplation, my entire dealings and power, my accomplish-
ment, cows, buffaloes, horses* and service of mankind, my pure food
grains and rice, my freedom from hunger and thirst, my food and its
spices, my satiety in food and thirst prosper through the kindness
of God.

11. May my well considered problems and my reflections, my
topic worthy of consideration and thought, my past and present, my
future and constant noble dealings, my good path and noble deeds, my
wholesome diet and diagnosis, my prosperity and supernatural power, my
achievement through yoga and contentment, my power and imagination,
my ambition for strength and logic, my thought and investigation, my
advanced intellect and steadiness prosper through the grace of God.

CHAPTER XVltl 193

12. May my rice and my barley, my pulses and beans, my sesamum
and grams my kidney-beans and their cooking, my grams and their
cooking, my millet and its cooking, my excellent rice and inferior corn,
my rice of wild growth and their cooking, my wheat and its cooking,
my lentils and other food grains prosper through the grace of God.

13. May my stone and ruby, my refined and rough clay, my
clouds and corns, my mountains and their products, my sand thick and
pulverised, my banyan trees and mango trees, my riches and silver, my
iron and weapons, my sapphire and brilliant gem, my gold and precious
stone, my lead and wax, my zinc and brass, multiply through governmental
arrangements,

14 May my fire and lightning, my water and gems found in it, my
creepers and vegetables, my plants and flowers, my corns ripened in fields
and nice food grains, my corns ripened spontaneously in the jungles and
those which ripen in the forest, my domestic animals and my wild forest
animals, my substance and wealth, the gain and objects worth acquiring,
my beauty and diverse possessions, my power and its source progress
through skill and art.

15. May my treasure and virtuous act, my dwelling and servants,
my religious service and its doer, my ability and love, my collection of
wealth and its collector, my noble effort and intellect, my way of knowing,
my dealings and reason, my gait and muscular exercise prosper through
exertion.

16. May my fiery sun and earthly fire, my lightning and air, my
peace-affording articles and rain, my ruler the aispeller of injustice, and
his ministers, my prosperous deed and its means, my teacher the banisherof
ignorance, and pupil, my instructive speech and the speaker of truth, my
preacher, the remover of stupidity, and listeners, my nourisher and
abstemiousness, my soul and physician, my guardian of vedic lore and
King, my lord of supremacy and general of the army, prosper through the
advancement of knowledge.

17. May my breath residing in the heart and breath in the navel,

12. Wild rice : which grow spontaneously without being sown,

13. Government can work out the mines either directly or by giving licences to the
private individuals.

16-17. In these two verses Griffith has not translated the twenty four words used, and
put them as they are, which makes the sense unintelligible. The word Indra has been
used twelve times in these two veres, which has in each case been translated differently by
Swami Dayananda.

Giver of glory : Sou).

194 YAJUR VEDA

my electrical fire and lustre, my breath in the throat and breath pervading
the entire body, my sun and power of retention and attraction, my soul
and patience, my bestower of supreme prosperity and just enterprise,
my fire the Consumer of substances and artisanship, my ruler the ex-
tinguisher of foes, and carftsmanship, my airs and bodily humours, my
ubiquitous lightning and its performances, my all belongings and riches,
my beautiful forces of nature, my giver of glory and its use, prosper
through the knowledge of the science of air.

18. May my earth and its substances, my electricity and physical
exercise, my atmosphere and objects that leside in space, my support of
supremacy and its use, my knowledge that leads to noble deeds and its
contributory causes, my sun and substances diffused by it, my years and
divisions of time, my apparent cause of the knowledge of time and the
science of Arithmetic, my everlasting worlds and their inhabitants, my
lightning, my regions and the substances residing therein, my teacher of
the science of regions and Dhruva star prosper through the knowledge
of Earth and Time.

19. May my pervading sun and its heat, my method of eating and
dainty dishes, my firm rule and protector, my master and his residence,
my mental contemplation and solitude, my mid-breath and strength, my
action dealing with electricity and air, and water, my Pran and Udan, and
Vyan, my beauty like that of the sun and moon, and of mind, my gait and
walks, my pure nature and semen, my spirit of investigation and milk-pot
flourish through the proper use of fire.

20. May my yajna performed in November-December and its subs-
tances, my discourse with the learned and its result, my iron determi-
nation and its causes, my respect for all and respecter, my use of air and
electricity and their sources, my spiritual enjoyment and its means, my
lustre like the sun and its usefulness, my vows and their result, my
performance of yajna in the conlpany of my wife and its means, my pro-
cedure of yoking the horses in chariots and its materials prosper through
skilful application of all substances.

21. May my ladles and their cleansing, my yajna cups and their
contents, my good substances in the air and its purifying acts, my Soma
reservoir and its peculiar measurement, my pressing stones and mortar
and pestle, my rod for pressing medicine, their pressing and grinding, my
sauce and broom, my washing basin and telescope, my altar and its shape,
my altar-grass and provisions for the yajna, my bath at the end of the
yajna and smearing with fragrant sandal, my recitation of verses, and
purifying oblations, prosper through the performance of Homa,

CHAPTER XVIII 195

22. May my fire and its use, my dignity and mentarl 1 peace, my
materials for worship and its purification, my sun and means of livelihood,
my air the cause of life and external air, my nation and national policy,
my Earth and its trees, my uniform statesmanship and control of senses,
my undecaying possessions and ephemeral body, my light of religion and
day and night, my fingers, powers, four directions and sub-directions, be
glorified through the grace of God.

23. May my sacred vow and speaking and preaching of truth, my
inter seasons and progress of the sun to the North and solstices, my control
of breath and heat and cold, my year and Kalpa and Mahakalpa, my thighs
and knees, my big chariot, horses and bullocks prosper through religious
practices.

24. May my One and my Three, and my Three and my Five, and
my Five and my Seven, and my Seven and my Nine, and my Nine and my
Eleven, and my Eleven and my Thirteen, and my Thirteen and my Fifteen,
and my Fifteen and my Seventeen, and my Seventeen and my Nineteen, and
my Nineteen and my Twenty One, and my Twenty One and my Twenty
Three, and my Twenty Three and my Twenty Five, and my Twenty Five
and my Twenty Seven, and my Twenty Seven and my Twenty Nine, and
my Twenty Nine and my Thirty One, and my Thirty One and my Thirty
Three etcetera increase or decrease by addition or subtraction.

25. May my Four and my Eight, and my Eight and my Twelve, and
my Twelve and my Sixteen, and my Sixteen and my Twenty, and my

22. Fingers mean the armies, that catch hold of the foe, as fingers do an article.
Four directions : East, South, West and North-

Sub-Directions : Ishau (North East), Vayavya (North-West), Nairitya (South- West),
Agneya (South-East).

23. Solstices : Uttarayan and Dak-hinayan.

Solstices : The time (21st June) at which the sun is farthest north, and is called the
summer solstice, or about (22nd December) at which it is farthest south, and is called the
winter solstice. In the first case it touches the tropic of Cancer, and in the second that of
Capricorn.

24. The odd digits of Arithmetic have been enumerated 1+2=3, 3+2 = 5, 5+2 = 7 and
soon. So 33 2=31, 3i-2 29, 29-2 = 27 etc. This verse teaches us addition and subtrac-
tion of Arithmetic from which are deduced multiplication, division, square, cube, square root,
cube root, and reduction qf fractions to a common denominator, described by Maharshi
Dayananda in his commentary as zftTj (addition), foot*! (subtraction), IJOH (Multiplication), flin
(Division), ^n (Square), OTJS1 (Square root), ER (cube). SRJJST (cube root) and HITvinffl i. e..
reduction of fractions to a common denominator.

The vease refers to Arithmetical progression with a common difference of two.

25. In the last verse odd numbers were enumerated, whereas in this the even numbers
are enumerated. The verse refers to Arithmetical progression with a common difference of
four.

196 YAJUR VEDA

Twenty and my Twenty Four, and my Twenty Four and my Twenty Eight,
and my Twenty E^ght and my Thirty Two, and my Thirty Two and my
Thirty Six, and my Thrity Six and my Forty, and my Forty and my Forty
F^ur, and my Forty Four and my Forty Eight etc. increase or decrease
by additioi. and subtraction.

26. May my eighteen months bull and cow, my two years bull and
cow, my thirty months bull and cow, my three years bull and cow, my four
years bull and cow prosper through the science of rearing cattle.

27. May my male beasrs of burden like elephant and camel and simi-
lar beasts, my female beasts of burden like mare and she camel, and their
loads, my powerful bull and cow, my impotent bull and barren cow, my
young bull and strong cow, my calf-slipping and lean cow, my ox and cart-
driver, my milch-cow and its milk man prosper through proper training
of cattle.

28. A learned man, who has got passion for battl>, exertion for
prosperity, tact for acquirement, practises yoga for knowledge, arranges
for money for habitation, teaches the knowledge of time to the utilizer of
days, practises non-attachment towards day and the stupid, uses truthful,
friendly language for the confused and the master of decadent knowledge,
renders sound advice to the vacillating and the most degraded, gives
correct lead to the low-born and the friend of humanity, uses respectful
language towards the leader of men, preaches the art of administration
to the ruler, and reveals Kingly statesmanship to the guardian of his
subjects, is an excellent politician.

Thou the embodiment of noble qualities art a guiding controller
for the friend. Thee for vigour, thee for raining happiness, thee for the
sovereign lordship of creatures do we accept.

29. May life succeed through the service of God and the sages.
May life-breath thrive through union. May the eye thrive through the
service of God and the sages. May the ear thrive through the service
of God and the sages. May the voice thrive through the service of God
and the sages.

*8. Utilizer of days : a labourer.
Thou : King.

29. Through union .-Through Pr ana yam and yoga, when we are united with God.

Eye thrive -.When we look on humanity with love, and consider all high and low as
brothers.

Ear thrive :- By listening to the vedas and the sermons of the sages,
Voice thrive : Through the recitation of the vedas.
Prihat-Ratbantra :- Hymns of the Sama veda.

CHAPTER XVIII 197

May the mind thrive through the service of God and the siges.
May the soul thrive through the service of God and the sages. May the
knower of the four vedas thrive through the service of God and the
sages. May the light of justice thrive through the service of God and the
sages. May happiness thrive through the service of God and the sages.
May passion for knowledge be satisfied through study. May desirable
deed be performed through true behaviour, May the Atharva veda, the
Yajur veda, the Rig veda, the Sama veda, and its Brihat, Rathantra, thrive
through the grace of God and the sages. O sages, may we, freed from the
pangs of birth and death attain to the happiness of final beatitude. May
we become the true sons of God. May we be yoked to noble deeds and
truthful speech.

30. We, engaged in producing nice grain, sing the praises of ador-
able, immortal Mother the Earth, which envelops all these visible material
worlds. May the Holy God, the Embodiment of glory, create on this
Earth, in us, a desire for doing noble deeds.

31. Let all airs, all persons, like all thoroughly kindled fires be
ready today for our protection. May all the laarned persons come hither
for protection. May we possess all riches and food.

32. May our strength fill the seven regions and the four distant
quarters. In this world may our knowledge of religious lore guard us
with all the learned persons in the acquisition of wealth.

33. May food urge us today for charity. May food taken according
to season strengthen our faculties, Yea, food hath made me rich in brave
sons. As lord of tood may I conquer all the regions.

34. May food be before us, in the midst among us. May food eaten
enhance our noble qualities. Yea, food hath made me rich in brave sons.
As lord of food may I conquer all regions.

35. O learned person, I unite myself with the juices produced from
the Earth. I unite myself with waters and with plants. As such may I
gain strength.

36. O learned person store milk in plants, water in the sky and
water in the air. Teeming with milk for me be all the regions.

30. Immortal Earth : Matter the cause of creation is unborn, indestructible, eternal.
Here reference is to matter the primordial cause.

32. Seven regions : Different worlds, as Sun, Moon, Mars, Mercury. Venus Uranian
Neptune. Some interpret the words as four directions, downward, upward and mid direction.

33-34. Food is equivalent to strength.
36. *m :~-milk or water.

198 YAJUR VEDA

37. O King, I besprinkle thee with the arms (forces) of the sun's
warmth and the moon's coolness, with the hands (powers) of attraction and
retention of breath, with vedic speech, with the discipline of an adminis-
trator, and a ruler's sole dominion.

38. A King is the maintainer of truth, practiser of truth, destroyer
of foes like fire, guardian of the Earth j spreader of happiness like herbs
born of water. May he protect this our Priesthood and Nobility. May he
be entrusted with the responsibilities of the State, and may his subjects be
honoured.

39. The sun is conjoined to all material objects and persons, is the
sustainer of the Earth. Its rays that roam in air are well known as uniters
and separators. Utilise those rays, thou Knower of the Sama Veda in full.
Thou behavest rightly towards the sun. May thou protect this our Priest-
hood and Nobility and completion of our undertakings.

40. Moon is pleasant, receives light from the sun and imbibes its
rays. Its Asterisms, and the rays present in the atmosphere, are full of
lustre. May she protect this our Priesthood and Nobility. All Hail to
the Moon, for completion of our undertakings. To those All-Hail.

41. Air is quick, pervades the whole universe, retains sound in the
atmosphere. Its parts are well known as givers of vigour and movers in
the atmospheric vapours. May it protect this our Priesthood and Nobility.
All Hail to the air for success in our undertakings. To those All Hail.

42. Sacrifice (yajna) is the bestower of delights, a nice nourisher,
and the repository of vedic speech. Heartfelt famous praises are its
guerdons. May it protect this our Priesthood and Nobility. All-Hail
to the Sacrifice for success in our undertakings. To those All-Hail

43. He, who is the Lord of Creatures, Omnific, has a mind that
possesses vedic speech. The famous verses of the Rigveda and Sama veda

37. Besprinkle thee : Enthrone thee. Bestow on thee. A king is expected to possess the
warmth of heart like the sun, an^i coolness of brain like the moon. He should be quick in
making judgment, and slow to deliver it. These two qualities are his arms. He should have the
power of control and subjugation like the breath. These qualities are his hands. He should
have the knowledge of the vedas, be an efficient administrator, and protect his kingdom.

39 Thou : A learned person.

40. Those: Rays.

Asterismr Group of stars. Constellation.

41. Those : Watery vapours.

Parts: Pran, A pan, Vyan, Udan and Saman.

42. Those : Guerdons, Dakshiaas, sacrificial fees, priestly honoraria,

43. He. King.

CHAPTER XVHI 199

touch the innermost recesses of his heart, wherewith he honours the
learnad, loves truth and imparts knowledge. May he protect for us this
veda and the Dhanur Veda. May he acquire truthful speech and
realise religion. For thesa objects one should serve others in a righteous
way.

44. O master of kingdom and protector of the subjects, in this
world the householders and others depend upon thy support. Give great
happiness in a nice way to the knower of God and the Veda and the
Kshatriya trained in the art of administration.

45. O learned person thou art the master of voluminous water, the
bestower of calm nature, and deep like the ocean. Being the nice giver
of happiness and blessings come unto me from all sides. O Knower of
the science of air, thou art foremost amongst the group of the learned.
Being the nice giver of happiness in this life and the life to come, come
unto me from all sides.

Thou art worthy of laudable honour and desirous of self-protection.
Being the nice giver of happiness and blessing, come unto me from all
sides.

46. O God, the lights in the sun, with their beams spread lustre
all around. Unite us today with all those lights of thine. Make us
worthy of love by every one.

47. O God and learned persons whatever affection ye cherish for
self and God, for kine and steeds, may lightning and fire, present in them,
with all those affections vouchsafe us love.

48. O God grant love to our holy priests, set love in our ruling
chiefs. Grant love to the Vaishyas and Shudras : give out of thy un-
bounded store of love, love unto me.

49. O Mighty God, through the veda, singing Thy praise, I pray
unto Thee. The sacrificer through oblations and praises hankers after
Thee. O God worshipped by many, never disrespected, give us in this
world your knowledge. Steal not our life.

50. Properly utilised warmth conduces to happiness. Properly
utilised fire conduces to happiness. Properly utilised air conduces to
happiness. Properly utilised lustre of lightning conduces to happiness.
Properly utilised sun conduces to happiness.

46. The text is the same as 13-22, but the interpretation is different in each verse.

47. The text Is the same as 13-23, but the interpretation in each verse is different.
Learned persons cherish love for God and God cherishes love for his devotees. God gives
us cows for milk and horses for use in the battle. Lightning and fire may mean the commanded
of the army and a highly learned man.

51. I yoke with fulness of life and strength-giving butter, thee,
fire, mighty, divine, and efficient in protection. Through that yajna-
fire may we obtaining happiness, attain to the loftiest nature of God
free from suffering and full of effulgence.

52. O learned person, these cause and effect are thine two exalted
immortal objects, wherewith thou drivest evils away.

May we with their aid fly to the regions of the pious, whither
have gone the sages, well versed in the vedas, and masters of vedic
lore.

53. O learned ruler, thou art cool like the moon ; full of wisdom,
strong like a falcon, wedded to truth, fond of gold, impetuous, nourisher
of all, great, settled in habitation, steadfast, to thee be reverence. For-
bear to harm me.

54. O learned person thou art the heaven's head, the Centre of
earth, the essence of waters and plants. Thou art the enjoyer of full
life of a hundred years, and full of glory. For right guidance be thou full
of food and shelter.

55. O learned person, like the sun thou standest at the head of the
whole world. Thy heart is fixed on God. Spend thy life for the better-
ment of the people. Preach noble deeds and knowledge. Advance
irrigation by cutting canals out of rivers. Help us with rain sent from
thy sky, cloud, firmament earth or any other source of water.

56. O learned person, desire-fulfilling sacrifice (yajna) has been
performed by highly learned persons and by Vasu Brahmcharis. With
this well performed and beloved sacrifice accept thou our Dakshina.

57. May fire developed through Homa with oblations and purified
substances, enhance our happiness. May this food acquired by us be
offered to the sages.

58. O discriminators between truth and untruth ; hold fast the
knowledge ye have gathered through exertion, soul-force, control of

52 tfdt may also mean according to Pt Jai Dev, Vidya Alankar God and soul. Rishi
Dayananda interprets the word as Cause and Effect,

53 The verse is applicable to God as well.

54* Heaven's head: -Just as the sun is topmost in the sky, so a learned person h
foremost in an assembly of educated persons.

Centre of earth : A learned person is a central figure in managing the affairs of
the State.

E^ence of waters : Jut as Soma Is the essence of waters and plants, so a learned
person is the commander, the head of the people.

CHAPTER XVIII 201

breath, mind, intellect, eyes, and ears. Follow the path of the aspirants
after salvation where have gone the fitst-born ancient sages.

59. Ye seekers after God, and common run of mankind, I, the
knower of the meanings of the vedas, and guardian of sacrifice, having
realised God, the treasure of happiness, preach unto ye, the true nature
of God pervading this highest heaven. Know Him about Whom, I, the
follower of religion, instruct thee.

60. O learned persons living together, know this God spread in
the highest heaven, and realise His true nature. He who reaches Him
through yogic paths of the sages, should reveal to Him pious acts pertain-
ing to vedic injunctions and public utility.

61. O learned priest, wake up, attain to light, expel the sleep of
ignorance from your sacrificer (yajman) and bestow knowledge on him.
Together with this sacrificer arrange for the yajna (sacrifice) and collect
its materials.

Let all the learned priests and the sacrificer sit together in the
yajna on nice seats.

62. Through teaching one acquires vast knowledge. Through
study the teacher and the taught acquire the knowledge of the vedas. Let
this process of study and teaching be carried unto us for the attainment
of happiness by the learned.

63. With a handful of Darbha-grass, with the Yajur veda, with
spoon, with altar, with nice execution, /with the Rig Veda, O learned
priest, conduct this sacrifice of ours with the support of the learned for
acquiring worldly happiness.

64. Our gifts, our receiving of charitable grants, our pious works,
our fees to priests, may the Omnific learned householder set all this for
our happiness in religious usages.

65. There were all never-failing streams of honey and butter flow,
may tiie learned knower of all actions grant us happiness for acquiring
noble traits.

59. I : A learned person.

60. WJd : Acts enjoined by the vedas, say Yajna, charity, disinterested service,
contemplation of God, and acts of public utility, say, construction of a well, tank, hospital
and inn ; and observance of chastity.

61-62. The verses are the same as 15-54, 55, but with different interpretations.

63. For the success of a yajna the things mentioned in the verse are essential. The
Darbha grass should be neat, clean, spoon, well washed, altar, well constructed, recitation of
verses from the Yajur-Veda aad the Rig- Veda should be done correctly.

302 TAJUR VEDA

66. I, the Revcalcr of the vedas, am Omniscient by nature. Lustre
is my eye, everlasting happiness of salvation is my mouth. I am Adorable, I
am the Master of triple light ; the Creator of regions, Eternal Luttrous,
and Supplier of food at all places.

67. O learned person I reveal the Rig-veda, the Yajur-veda, and
the Sama-Veda. Learn from Me the vedic lore. O God, out of all the
forces on the earth, that conduce to the welfare of humanity, Thou art
the Foremost. Speed Thou us on to lengthened life.

68. O Commander of the army, for the strength that slays the foes
and conquers in the fight, and other resources, we turn thee hitherward
to us.

69. O Commander, much invoked, kill thou the foes with thy
strength, as the sun slays its companion the advancing cloud, that moves
in the atmosphere, roars, is without hands, imbibes water and is without
feet.

70. O Commander of the army, win battles, humble the men who
challenge us, send down to nether darkness him who seeks to enslave us.

71. O Commander of the army, like a dreadful wild tiger roaming
in the mountains with a crooked pace, encircle the distant foes. Crush
thou the enemies, whetting thy sharp bolt, thou chastener of the wicked
through punishment, and win battles.

72. O ruler, just as the heat of the sun, being present in all crea-
tures, reaches the distant objects, so shouldst thou, come near us for our
protection. Just as electricity being present in all objects lives near us,
so shouldst thou listen to our eulogies.

73. Men should know fire in the brilliant sun, fire in the earth, air
and water. The knowablc fire in the shape of lightning, shining in the
universe, has entered all the plants with vigour. Just as this fire preserves
us by day and by night, so may thou the Commander preserve us always
from a ferocious person.

74. O Commander of the army, may we fulfil our desires through
thy protection. O Lord of wealth, may we get the riches which give

66. I i God.

Triple light Satva, Rajas and Tamas.

Just as oblations are thrown into the blazing mouth of fire, ao all souls having
Secured salvation go into the mouth of God and reiido in Him.

CHAPTER XVIII 203

us valiant sons. Waging fight may we succeed in battles. O Commander
free from old age, with thy aid, may we win undecaying wealth and glory.

75. O learned person, approaching with raised hands and adoration,
we have this day fulfilled for thee thy longing.

O wise man, with undeviating fixed purpose, contemplative mood,
and absolute restraint thou cultivatest good qualities.

76. May the learned subduer of all places, the King, the knower of
til the four vedas, the scholarly teacher, and the wise, guard our know-
ledge for our welfare.

77. O most youthful king, guard the teachers who impart know-
ledge and listen to their sermons.

Protect with all thy force the offspring and the ladies of those who
have died in war.

CHAPTER XIX

1. O physician, thou art glorious like Soma. I fully instruct thee
in the science of medicine. Just as I endow the sweet medicine with
sweetness, bitter medicine with bitterness, the age-prolonging medicine
with healing properties, the delicious medicine with delicious Soma, so
shouldst thou dress up this medicine for husband and wife, dress it up for
the learned lady, and dress it up for the dignified person, the deliverer of
all from misery.

2. Soma is the best sacrificial food. It is useful for human body.
It is produced in waters. Use well that Soma born of clouds.

3. Purified by the purifying process of the fast moving air, Soma
is decidedly soul's fit friend. Purified by the purifying process of the
fast moving air, Soma mixed with the organs of the body, is the king's
proper friend.

4. O learned person, Sun's daughter (Dawn) doth with eternal
excellent light, purify the Soma prepared by thee.

5. O learned person, the Soma (juice of medicines) prepared
through purifying process and sacrifice (homa) for enjoyment, and taken
for the removal of sickness advances, the spiritual and temporal forces,
brilliancy and physical vigour. Give food with flavour to the sacrificer,
and please the learned.

6. O Comrade, the agriculturists who produce food, instruct us how
to grow more food. Protect and eat their produce in this world in a
nice way. Just as these farmers reap in order the ripe barley and cleanse
it by removing the chaff from it, so shouldst thou get strength by sharing
their corn, which is the cause of thy growth. The agriculturists accept
thee for thy knowledge of Heaven and Earth, for thy nice speech expa-
tiating on the science of agriculture, for thy being a good guardian and
extirpator of foes, for thy boldness, for thy bravery and for thy strength.

7. O king and subjects, each of ye has been allotted separate duty.
May ye avail of the friendship of the learned. The Soma creeper, full of
force, residing in its own place, rests in an open, elevated space. May
ye both attain to it. Shun intoxicating objects. O learned person do
not harm me and the Soma plants.

1. Soma is the name of a medicinal herb, possessing efficacious healing properties.
The word Soma has been used in the vedas in different senses of soul, king* milk, man,
husband.

I :-God,

CHAPTER XIX 20$

8. O God, Thou art achieved through yamas and Niyamas. Thou
hast got the splendour of the sun and moon, the vigour of vedic texts, and
the might of lightning. My heart is Thy home, We all take Thee for
enjoyment. We all take Thee for delight, and take Thee for greatness.

9. O God, Thou art lustre ; give me lustre. Thou art manly vigour ;
give me manly vigour. Thou art strength, give me strength. Thou art
vitality ; give me vitality. Thou art righteous indignation ; give me
righteous indignation- Thou art forbearance ; give me forbearance.

10. The queen, who is the indicator of diverse wordly affairs, guards
the subjects by killing both the tiger, and the wolf, the fast hawk and the
lion, should prevent the King from wrongful conduct.

11. O learned person, the delighted son teases the mother sucking
her breast, With that son I become free from debt towards my parents.
May my parents be unharmed and blissful by me.

O learned persons ye are my associates ; unite me with good fortune,
Ye are free from sin, keep me away from sin. Give me happiness in this
life and the life to come.

12. O men, just as a lady doctor well versed in the science of
medicine, with healthy organs of the body ; physicians and surgeons,
having mastery over the Ayurveda, and learned persons, stretch out the
healing sacrifice, for prosperity with their speech, so shouldst ye do.

13. Grass buds are the symbols of consecration. Sprouts of corn
are symbols of strengthening vital breaths. Fried grains are the symbols
of equanimity of mind. Honey is the symbol of Soma-shoots.

14. Monthly presents to guests are the sign of hospitality. Clothing
the naked is the symbol of a great warrior. The offer of medicinal elixir is
the sign of honouring the guests.

15. O women, just as the juice of Soma medicine accepted by t

" 8. Yamas : Non-violence. Truthfulness, Abstaining from theft, Celibacy,
Abnegation.

Niyamas:- Cleanliness, Contentment, Austerity, Study, Truth in God,

11 I become free : To maintain the family link, it is necessary to produce a son. If
a householder is blessed with a son, he has discharged his debt towards his parents, by main-
taining the succession of his family. To die without a son is to die without discharging the
parental debt.

12. The lessons taught by the physicians in the science of healing are a kind of yajna
performed by them, for the betterment of the people.
Ayur Veda : The science of medicine.

13 Consecration ; Piksha,

206 YAJUR VEDA

learned lady is pleasant, as physicians and surgeons prepare the extracts of
medicines, as an aspirant after prosperity masters the science of lightning,
so should ye.

16. O people, for the successful performance of a yajna make
arrangement for these objects. Its nice execution, a seat for the king, a
jar for corns in the altar, a pitcher for Soma, food that gives life placed in
the northern altar, the priests and the physician.

17. O people, just as the learned persons decorate the altar with
materials for the yajna, obtain mighty riches through ceaseless effort, reap
through the process of union and separation, the result of their effort at
unity, produce well ordered light out of electricity, so should ye procure
all kinds of happiness by properly using all resources.

18. O householders, just as a learned man and woman collect
materials for the yajna ; a learned lady takes shelter with the priest, and
the learned construct a house for the majestic husband to dwell in and
impart happiness ; this all is a householder's duty ; which ye also should
perform.

19. He gets happiness, who has got servants to obey orders, maid-
servants of pleasing manners, who perform their duty gracefully, necessary
materials for the performance of yajna, and oblations to be put into the
fire by sacrificial practices.

20. A householder gains cows from cows, sacrificial materials from
ground rice-cakes, fire-kindling fuel from the knowledge of metres like
Gayatri etc., and virtuous people from sacrificial practices.

21. Roasted grains, gruel barley-meal, grains of roasted rice, milk,
and curd, mingled milk, nice corns, and honey are the materials for Soma
yajna.

22. Jujube fruit is the type of parched corn. Wheat is the best
product of agriculture. Jujube is the type of barley-meal. Barley is the
type of gruel-groats.

23. Barley-grains are the symbol of milk. Ripe jujube fruits are
the symbol of curd. The essence of corn is the symbol of Soma. The

17. For the sake of unity or peace, sometimes separation or partition is a necessity.

20. Fuel is burnt and put in the altar with the recitation of verses in Gayatri metre.

21. Mingled milk : a mixture of boiled milk, curd and sugar.

22. Just as jujube fruit (It) is easily eaten by the goats, so parched corns (fffcft) *re eaten
conveniently.

Barley-meal (W$).

Up vakas: seeds of the Wrightia Aatidysenterica.

23. Just as milk strengthens the body, so do the barley grains.
Just is curd produces semen so do jujube fruits produce streof th.

CHAPTER XIX 207

juices of So ma plants are like the mixture of milk and curd.

24. The students who are seekers after knowledge, should request
the preceptor to instruct them in all branches of knowledge. The know-
ledge imparted to the pupils should be in consonance with their capacity,
'Pray grant 7 is the sign of receiving and assimilating knowledge. We, the
performers of sacrifice are fit to sing praises.

25* A learned person gets songs of praise by verse-halves, short
detached formulae by case-terminations. By Om exclamations he gets
the mode of praise, prayer and contemplation. By water is got the soma
juice.

26. They are the benefactors of humanity who perform the morn-
ing yajna with the sun and moon, the glorious mid-day prosperity
bringer yajna through lightning, the evening yajna, the giver of health,
through true vedic speech, for reverence of the learned.

27. He is wealthy, who with the attributes of air gains the objects
residing in air, by the process of separation gains the Drona and Kalash,
vessels for Soma, by two jars of corn and water gains two cleansing vessels,
and by the cooking pot gains the pots for cooking.

28. The recitation of the Yajur Veda gives us the knowledge of
ceremonies (Sanskaras). The knowledge of ceremonies (Karma-Kanda)
teaches us the attributes of objects and different praise-songs. Through
Gayatri metres, and learned singers of the praise of fine traits are obtain-
ed the vedic verses worthy of recitation and weapons. The recitation of
Sama veda gives us purification.

29. A learned person obtains eatable foodstuffs from parts of the
earth, and fulfils desires by the utterance of true noble words. From a
peaceful deed is derived good relation between husband and wife.
Consummation is obtained by performing the ceremonies (Karma-kanda)
of the Yajur Veda.

30. By the vow of celibacy one gains consecration, by consecration
one gains wealth and position. By wealth and position one gains faith,
by*faith comes the knowledge of truth.

23. By water 'Water is mixed with the Soma plant to extract its juice. Milk can also
be used for the same purpose.

26. Lightning means the heat of the sun at midday.

27. Two cleansing vessels : itfFjs and anET^Fffel. In the latter the Soma is shaken, and
the former receives the purified juice.

One who understands the science of air knows the science of measurement, and there-
by the science of cooking, which purifies food stuffs.

28. Avbrith The expiatory bath of purification*
30. Consecration ; Devotion to a tacred use.

308 YAJUR VEDA

31. He commences his second birth, who wearing the yajnopavit,
joins a well arranged yajna, the nature of which has been explained by the
learned, the vedas and God.

32. The exalted adorable sacrifices, equipped with food-stuffs,
make prosperous with oblations the yajna, great like the sun in the sky,
full of Soma juice, giver of heroes, the masters of physical and spiritual
forces. May we be happy, doing noble deeds, befriending the dignified
and learned persons, and gaining power.

33. O learned person, the strong essence of Soma, duly collected
by a charitable lady is drawn from plants. With that glanddening
essence impel with joy, the sacrificer, the learned lady, the scholarly
teachers and preachers, the supreme king and Commander, and the hero
that burns the foe like fire.

34. In this world, for wealth and physical strength, I drink and
feed on Soma plant, producer of activity, brilliant, giver of glory, full of
sweetness, highly invigorating, acquired by a learned lady and the King
and Commander from clouds that do not release water.

35. Whatever portion of this savoury fluid is clinging here, what
the sun drank with his powers of attraction, I drink and feed on that
brilliant Soma juice, with a pure mind.

36. We offer food and homage to our fathers who desire food and
water. We offer food and homage to our grandfathers, who desire food
and water. We offer food and homage to our great-grandfathers, who
desire food and water. O parents eat the food we have prepared. O
parents and teachers rejoice and make us full of joy. O preachers be
satisfied and satisfy us. O learned persons be purified and purify us.

37. May fathers, full of glory and mental peace, purify me with a
pure life of a hundred years. May grandfathers, purify me with a pure
life of a hundred years. May great grandfathers purify me with a pure
life of a hundred years. May learned and calm grandfathers purify me
with a happy, pure life of a hundred years. May sedate great-grandfathers
purify me with a pure life of a hundred years. May I obtain full length
of life.

38. O learned parents, ye purify the age-prolonging foodgrains,
send down upon us food and vigorous strength. Drive ye far away from
us the company of evil persons.

33. According to Swami Deyananda there are twenty four kinds of Soma plants.
35 f Here means on the earth. A part has been drunk by the sun.

CHAMEft 3C1X

39. O learned amongst the born, just as the wise purify me with
knowledge and love, and purify our intellect, just as all material things
purify me, so shouldst thou purify me.

40. O refulgent learned person, imparter of knowledge, first purify
thyself with noble spiritual force, and then purify me. Purifying
thyself with intellect and acts purify my intellect and acts again and
again.

41. O God purify me with Thy pure vedic knowledge diffused by
Thy pure lustrous nature.

42. God, Who in our midst, by His immaculate nature, is Pure and
Giver of different sciences, is ever our Purifier and Preacher. My He,
the Cleanser, make me clean.

43. O God, the Giver of happiness, Impeller for virtuous deedi,
with true behaviour, full glory, knowledge and exertion, purify me on
every side.

44. Vedic speech, the benefactor of humanity and the repository
of knowledge comes unto us and purifies us.

Through her may we in sacrificial banquets taking our pleasure be
the lords of riches.

45. The officials, who in the realm of a just king, are equal in
status and knowledge, have their dwelling place, food, reverence and
sense of fairness approved by the learned.

46. My folk yet living among those who live, are of one mind and
similar attributes. On me be set their wealth through a hundred years
in this world.

47. I have heard mention of two pathways of birth and death, the
ways of parents, the learned and the mortals. On these two roads each
moving creature travels. Each soul leaves the present parents and assumes
new ones.

48. May my fiery husband make my progeny abundant. May this
my married life bring me ten brave children, all good objects, physical
strength, good progeny, cattle, spiritual force and fearlessness, for my
welfare. O parents do ye confer on us food, milk, and manly vigour.

49. May our parents, who do not steal, know the truth, gain strength
of battles, through control of breath, protect us well. May the lowest,
highest, midmost elders calm and peaceful in nature, urge us on to battle.

50. Our elders are masters of different principles of knowledge,
preachers of new expositions on problems of learning, devotees of non-
violence, highly learned, and deserving of supremacy.

210 Y.AJUR VEDA

May we follow the sound advice of these adorable elders, and enjoy
their gracious loving-kindness.

51. Our aged learned parents, tranquil in mind, highly rich, come
again and again to our Soma banquet.

Let just and self-controlled son, desiring for nice food, giver of
pleasure, fulfil all his desires, with the aid of our parents desirous of our
protection.

52. O sedate learned fellow, thou art pre-eminent for wisdom. With
thy wisdom, thou followest the straightest path of happiness. Make me
also follow the same path. O learned fellow happy like the moon, the wise
parents, with thy excellent guidance, make us enjoy riches amongst the
learned.

53. O virtuous, glorious progeny, the religious deeds which our
aged, wise and learned persons perform with thee, so shouldst we.

O non-violent, religious child remove our enemy from all sides with
brave horsemen and bestow riches on us.

54. O moon-like gladdening noble son, taking vow with thy learned
fatherly teachers, spread pleasure, leading a religious life between the
Earth and Heaven.

O beautiful son, may we offer thee gifts for thy pleasure, and may we
become the lords of riches.

55. O justice loving fathers, who sit in an exalted assembly, come,
help us. Accept these eatables we have prepared for ye.

Come to us with most auspicious favour, grant us happiness and
purity of character, and keep miseries away from us.

56. I know the elders, who impart sound knowledge. I know the
eternal strength of God and His creation of the universe. May those visit
our homes, who solely devoted to God, with their soul-force, and self-
realisation, worship the Blissful Creator.

57. May they, the Fathers, worthy of homage, invited to their
excellent, favourite wealth of oblations, come nigh unto us, listen to ui,
preach unto us, and afford us protection.

56. Prof. Ludwig and Prof. Gras-n&an have not grasped the significance of the verse.
Prof. Ludwig says Vikramanam is an unintelligible expression. Napatam has been translated
as fire. Mahidhara takes Vishnu to mean 'of the sacrifice', and napatam and Vikramanam at
the two paths leading to the Gods and to the Fathers. Maharshi Dayananda interprets Vishnu
'of Cod 1 . Napatam as Eternal, Indestructible, Vikraranam as diverse creation of the universe.
The verse is quite intelligible.

57. Fathers j The learned people.

CHAPTER XIX 211

58. May they our fathers, having knowledge of the science of fire
possessing mental peace, calmness and self-restraint come on Godward
pathways, enjoying at this sacrifice their meals, may they teach and
instruct us, and afford us protection.

59. May the learned persons, who know the science of fire and
material objects, are well-versed in politics, come now for the spread of
knowledge, visiting house to house, and staying there, eat the meals
prepared carefully. Hence, being engaged in the noble work of spreading
education, may they grant us riches with brave sons.

60. For those who know the science of fire, and are well-versed in
sciences other than fire, and enjoy in the midst of knowledge with their
own strength, may the Self Effulgent God. make long-lived this body
endowed with vital breaths.

61. We invite for the good of humanity, the sages who know the
science of fire, drink the medicinal juice of Soma, and are true to seasons.
May they be charitable to us, and make us lords of wealth.

62. O ye all learned people, injure us not for any sin which w
through human frailty have committed.

Bowing with the bent knees and seated on the right we pay ye
homage. Pray accept our respectful conduct.

63. Ye fathers grant riches to the charitably disposed persons and
your sons sitting near their fascinating mothers.

Always give them a portion of your treasure, so that they may there-
by gain energy.

64. O learned person, brilliant like fire and bestower of nice
objects on the wise, grant us the supremacy which thou through praise-
worthy eloquence considerest fit to be granted to the learned.

65. He, who persuades the learned to noble deeds, is resplendent
like fire with the light of knowledge, and reveres the sages advanced in
vedic lore, is fully fit to preach to the wise and the elders, the agreeable
branches of knowledge.

58. Fathers : The teachers, the preachers and learned parents. Agnishwata has been
translated by Mahidhara and Griffith as parents consumed by fire after death ; whereas
Rishi Dayananda interprets the word to refer to living persons who know full well the science
of fire. The orthodox people generally quote this verse in support of Shradha certmony of tht
dead, which is not corroborated by th* text.

6& They : mothers and thoir children.

212 YAJUR VEDA

66. O son, possessing the eloquence of the learned, pure like fire,
praiseworthy, thou preparest fragrant meals. Offer them to the elders.
Let them take them as food. O learned donor, eat thou the food prepared
with effort.

67. O sharp witted scholar, thou knowest well the number of
fathers who are here and who are absent, whom we know and whom we
know not. Thou knowest a large number of them and they know thee.
Serve them with food and meritorious reverence.

68. Now let us offer food to the fathers who are more advanced than
us in age and knowledge, who have taken to Banprastha and Sanyas
Ashramas, who are engrossed in worldly affairs, and who work amongst the
people of high character.

69. O learned person, just as our noble, ancient elders, givers of
sound instructions, pure, devotees of truth, spreading knowledge, acquire
well-behaved wives and ground to dwell upon, remove ignorance, and
cast away the coverings of darkness, so shouldst thou serve them.

70. Right gladly do we make thee the store-house of knowledge.
Right gladly do we educate thee. Gladly bring yearning fathers nigh to
eat food.

71. O Commander of the army, just as the sun wrenches off the
head of the cloud full of water but unwilling to release it, so do thou
advance thy armies, and subdue all contending hosts.

72. A renowned sage, through yoga, and religious practices, over-
comes death and attains to salvation. Just as with food one gets strength,
so he reaches the final beatitude on the strength of truth, realises his
soul-force, manifests the supreme nature of his supreme soul, pure like
milk, immortal like the Supreme Spirit, and sweet like honey.

73. Just as swan -separates milk from water and drinks it, so a
learned person, the embodiment of action, through yogic practices,
strengthening his soul with pure food, acquires divine hearing, sweetness,
healing medicine, pure love, and immaculate divine speech mingled with
the eternal connection between word and its significance in all worldly
objects.

67. Here : In the yajna.

Fathers : Elderly relatives, and aged learned person*.

70. Thee: disciple or son.
We : Teachers or fathers.

71. The word Namuchi is explained by Prof. Lamnan as a waterspout in a lake.
Risbi Dayanada has rightly interpreted it as a cloud that does not release water.

CHAPTER XIX 213

74. He 1vho enjoys the company of pure learned persons, is a dis-
criminator, willingly drinks Soma juice out of waters, purifies food with
vedic knowledge, is a cleanser of soul, equipped with the power of protec-
tion, knows God, is procurer of supremacy through the knowledge of yoga,
acquires happiness of soul sweet like honey, salvation, and the apparent
essence of knowledge.

75. A king, who along with one knowing all the four vedas, enjoys
his birth in a royal family and the milkwise invigorating essence of a
well-cooked food, and with justice coupled with learning and decorum,
administers his rule, the giver of glory, a gift from God, pre-eminent in all
dealings, the remover of the darkness of injustice, the bestower of valour,
and the source of diverse kinds of protection, always derives happiness
from this his administration fit for er joyment, inbued with justice, sweet-
ness, and delightfulness.

76. The generative organ releases urine, but when it enters the
womb, it releases semen. The caul-invested embryo leaves by its birth
the covering folds. The child, by the removal of covering folds, in their
contact with external air, acquires the wealth of soul, pure, excellent
and enjoyable ; and is endowed with these eyes, sweet like juice, and
source of everlasting knowledge.

77. God through His pure knowledge, viewing both forms hai
explained truth and falsehood. He has assigned the lack of faith to false-
hood, and faith to truth. He alone is worthy of worship by all, who is
the Abolisher of irreligiousness, Purifier, Sustainer, Truth personified.
Path-indicator of mind, Revealer of manly vedic truth, Giver of salvation,
Adorable, and source of knowledge.

78. The soul, full of real knowledge, with the help of all the four
vedas, realises the essence of Truth and Untruth. It acquires for itself
foodstuffs as meals, riches, the givers of valour and righteous character,
water, milk, imperishable, knowledge, sweet delicious articles, and the
knowledge bestowed by God.

79. The king, who is easily accessible to all, and in a just manner,
having carefully examined the juice of efficacious medicines, with pure
intention, drinks the delight-giving, drinkable juice of medicines and
enjoys the pleasure of knowledge, acquires God-given wealth, the procurer
of pure food, and the giver of good drinks, the strength of a hero, and the
sweet, disease-healing nectar of a glorious person.

80. Just as wise sages understand problems with mental force,
prepare bullets with lead, and cloths with woollen thread, so do the learned,

2M YAjua VEDA

an educated wife, teachers and preachers perform sacrifice (yajnaX and a
skilled physician arranges for the elegance of affluence.

81. Teacher, pupil and examiner, these three divine forces, impart
and receive education.

With wisdom and deed, they with long hair, perform the sacrifice in
diverse ways. We should understand the eternal nature of this sacrifice.
Illiterate youths are not entitled to perform sacrifice (yajna). Hide, meat,
parched grain should not be used in the yajna for oblation,

82. Whomsoever child, a good, intelligent mother gives birth to,
that handsome baby with its internal organs, bones and marrow, should be
protected on this earth with medicinal juices, like a well, by a physician
and his wife, the infusers of life like vital airs.

83. The learned wife, with her knowledge, like birth, adorns her
beautiful, well built body, and prepares meals, the removers of physical
discomforts, available from all sides, ready at hand, the givers of delight
like nectar. Her thoughtful husband receives pure ideas from his father
and mother free from untruth.

84. Those learned persons get progeny, who chase afar folly and ill
intention, generate near at hand, by milk and medicinal juices, through
generative organ, pure, disease-destroying, children-producing semen, that
it present in all substances, and causes harm through excessive discharge.

85. A learned doctor, guarding the body against disease, giving us
medical directions, removing sickness, realises through his soul the exact
nature of disease, and with prescribed food, does not allow our lungs,
liver, throat-artery, kidney and bile to be affected.

86. Entrails in the body are the cauldron for cooking food in which
honey is mixed, bowels are the pans. This earth the bestower of glory is
like a well-milking cow. A hawk's wing is the spleen. Navel, the centre
of all strength is like the king's cushion. Belly is like a mother.

82. Like a well : As well is taken care of, and protected so that its water is not
contaminated, so should a child be kept healthy and free from disease by the me of medicines
when necessary.

83. Like birth : Just as a woman keeps the newly born child neat and clean, so does
0h ketp her body clean.

80. Jmt as belly digests what we eat, turns out the useless part of the meals, aad
utilises their essence, so does the mother teach a child to shun vice and imbibe virtue Jtwt
as navel is the centre of the body, from which proceed arteries, so the king sitting on his
cushion, i e., gaddi is the centre of hi* government. Just a* a hawk atfacks the enemy and
kills him, so doe* the spleen remove all diseases aad discomforts of th body*

CHAPTER XIX

67. A husband full of semen like a pitcher, enjoyer, progenitor of
children, taker of good meals, full of nourishments, doer of noble deeds,
master of hundreds of speeches, deep like a large pitcher, is like one who
is engaged in the execution of his duty. A wife is a small jar of water. It
is incumbent upon both to give food to their parents and protect the
embryo in the womb.

88. Just as a wife, the recipient of semen, at the time of cohabita-
tion keeps her head opposite to the head of the husband, and her face
opposite to that of his, so should both husband and wife perform together
their domestic duties. A husband is a protector like a physician. He
lives happily like a child, and with tranquillity produces progeny with
penis keen with ardour.

89. The immortal eyes are like the planets of the sun and moon.
The goat's milk and cooked food give them keenness. Eyelashes are like
wheat, and eyebrows are jujube. The white and black parts of the eye
spread its beauty.

90. Just as a learned lady with her husband, through mutual cloie
relations, gives birth to a child, charming like jujubes, so for vigour in
the nostril is made the immortal path of breath. The vyan breath goes
through the body, guarding it and vying with other breaths, adds to the
forces of the nostril

01. A learned person acquires yoga, through acts of comprehension,
like barley, hears with both ears, uses pure water, exercises organs of action,
like sweet honey, performs acts of advancement, controls breath in Su-
shurana and concentrates thought in the midst of eyebrows, utters from his
mouth God's knowledge All this is the manifestation of His divine
power.

92- When a yogi visualises God in his soul at the time of Samadhi
(concentration) his hair grow long like those of the wolf. His beard and
moustache grow like the hair of a tiger. The hair of his head and tonsure

87. A husband possessing more force t> compared to a Kumbh, a large pitcher and
wife, with less strength to a Kumbhi, a small water jar.

90. Control of breath : Praoayam protects a yogi from all afflictions, and being well
practised advances his spiritual force, so does an educated mother with good instructions
develop her children physically and spiritually.

9}, Sushumna :-A particular artery of the human body, said to lie between Ida and
Pingala, two of the vessels of the body. The comparison of barley and honey is not clear.

92- A yogi generally lives in solitude of forests, where reside wolves, tigers and lions.
Due to prolonged and deep concentration his hair grow like those, of these animals who AM
his companion*.

216 YAJUR VEDA

grow like those of a lion. His organs are endowed with lustre, glory and
royal power.

93. Just as a woman devoted to yoga, engrossed in deep meditation,
practising the limbs of yoga puts her soul in contemplation, so should
husband and wife free from disease like a good physician, practise the parts
of yoga and attain to the beauty of supremacy. As men practising yoga
live for a hundred years, so should we, full of happiness, realise the immor-
tal nature of the soul.

94. O yogi, just as an educated wife bears in her womb the nobly-
fashioned infant, and an excellent king with the help of the teacher and
preacher and the spiritual force of the self-abnegating learned persons
(Aptas) controlling the breaths manifests his sovereignty for wealth so
shouldst thou do.

95. The ghee of animals is eatable and giver of physical strength.
The juice of medicines and delicious sugar mixed with milk also add to
physical strength. The water yielded by two efficacious agencies, the sun
and moon and lightning is also invigorating. The pressed and unpressed
medicinal Soma juice acts like nectar.

94. Just AS mother safeguards the Infant in her womb, and a king adds to royal
power, so should a yogi attain to yoga siddhis. There are eight limbs of yoga : Yam, Nijam,
Atan Pranayam, Prat yah ar, Dharana, Dbyana, Samadbi.

CHAPTER XX

1. O King thou art the birth place of princely power, and centre of
royal family. Let none harm thee, do not harm me.

2. O King, endowed with wisdom and enterprise, imbiber of
truth, good natured, sit thou in the midst of thy subjects in Legislatures
for universal rule. Save us from death. Save us from fiery weapons.

3. O King, in this world created by God, the Embodiment of glory,
with the strength and valour of teachers and preachers, with the presever-
ance and enterprise of a heroic person, with the healing powers of a
physician, for eloquence and study of the vedas, do I enthrone thee.

With the wealth of a magnate, for strength of body, riches and fame,
do I enthrone thee.

4. O famous and truthful king, doer of noble deeds, and dispenser
of justice, thou art happy, thou art extremely happy, hence for God the
Embodiment of happiness, for the advancement of Vedic knowledge, do I
enthrone thee.

5. May my head be full of grace, my mouth of fame, my hair and
beard, of brilliant sheen, my breath, of light and deathlessness, my eye, of
even-handed love, my ear, of religious lore.

6. May my tongue taste invigorating food, my voice be full of
adorable vedic lore, my mind be full of righteous indignation on the
morally degraded, my intellect be self-illumined. Full of joy be my
fingers, delightful my bodily organs, and conquering-strength my friend.

7. Power and wealth are my arms, deed and heroism are my hands.
Soul and heart are my shield against danger.

8. My government is my back, my belly, shoulders, neck, hips,
thighs, elbows, knees, and all other members of the body are my subjects.

9. May my memory, navel, knowledge, anus, my wife's productive
womb, my testicles the givers of pleasure through cohabitation, my
sovereignty and penis flourish. Standing on my legs and feet, in the

2. Us : Soldiers, military generals.

3. I : Adhvaryu, the master of the vedas, the representative of the King and tht
subjects who presides over the coronation ceremony.

3. My : the enthroned King.

9. A king should exercise control over all the organs of his body, and try to keep them
healthy and efficient.

218 YAJUR VEDA

midst of my subjects, free from favouritism, with even-handed justice,
I rule as a king, with full fame.

10. I take my stand on princely power and kingship, on horses am
I dependent, and on cows, on agencies of administration I depend, on my
soul do I depend. On vital breaths am I dependent, and on invigorating
cereals do I depend. I depend on justice like the sun and moon. I depend
on the company of the learned, and on the spread of knowledge.

11. There are three times eleven, i.e., thirty three fine objects
imbued with attributes, duties and inherent properties, in this world
created by God ; of whom the sun is the most prominent, and which are
serviceable to mankind.

May the learned persons, with the help of these objects protect me.

12. May the first Vasus with the second Rudras, the Rudras with
the third Adityas (twelve months), the third Adityas with Truth, Truth
with Sacrifice, Sacrifice with scrificial texts of the Yajur veda, Yajur
vedic texts with the knowledge of the Sanaa veda, Samans with praise-
verses of the Rigveda, praise-verses with the texts of the Atharva veda,
Atharva vedic texts with inviting texts pertaining to sacrifice (yajna),
sacrificial texts with noble deeds, noble deeds with oblations, and
oblations with truthful practices, fulfil my desires on this earth.

13. O teachers and preachers exert so that my hair be effort and
attempt, my skin be reverence, my flesh be approach, wealth my inclina-
tion, my bone and marrow reverence.

14. O learned persons, whatever disrespect we and other scholars
show to the learned, may God set me free from all that iniquity and
fault.

15. If in the day-time or at night, we have committed any act of sin,
may God set me free from all that iniquity and fault.

10. I King.

11. There are eight Vasus, eleven Rudras, and twelve Adityas, the twelve months,
electricity and Yajna. These constitute thirty three devatas, fine objects, of whom the eleven
Rudras form a part.

12. All the 33 devatas, the farces of nature and the knowledge of all the four vedaf,
fulfil man's desires.

13. Comparison is made between the parts of the body, and qualities of administration
in a state The joint effort of all in a state is like hair. The power of subduing the enemy
is like my skin. Just as skin protects me so the spirit of reverence protects a state.

14. We ; Teachers and preachers.

Agni may also mean a learned person illumined like fire with the light of different
branches of knowledge.

15. Vayu may also mean, a learned Apta.

CHAPTER XX 219

16. If when awake or in our sleep we have committed acts of sin,
May God set me free from all that iniquity and fault.

17. Each fault in village or in forest, society or mind, each sinful
act that we have done to Sudra or Vaishya, or in preventing any body
from religious performances, even of that sin , O God, Thou art the
expiation.

18. O adorable God, giver of divine wisdom, supreme of all, save
me from the sin of taunting the vital breaths and inviolable cows,

O lord of celibacy and knowledge, thou art a slow-walker, giver of
happiness, and full of delight, save us from distressing violence. Thou
avertest the offence committed by the learned towards the learned and
the ordinary mortals towards mortals.

19. O King, let thy heart be deep like the ocean. May thou
obtain food, fruits and drinkable juices. May water and medicinal herbs
be pleasant for us like a friend. May these be inimical for those who
dislike us and whom we dislike.

20. O learned persons pure like water and breath, purify me from
sin, just as a ripe fruit is released from the tree, or as an exhausted person
full of sweat is freed from dirt by bathing, or as ghee is purified by a
sieve.

21. May we realising God from all sides, excellently attain to Him,
far from darkness, full of Light, God among the gods, Embodiment of
happiness, the subtlest of all, and the Supreme Self Effulgent.

22. O learned teacher, I, possessing the knowledege of the science
of water, come unto thee. May I today heartily drink waters. Bestow
on me the knowledge of the vedas, progeny and wealth, whereby I may
get happiness.

23. O God, Thou conducest to our prosperity. Just as fuel illumi-
nes fire, so dost Thou illumine our souls. Thou art wisdom personified.
Grant me the light of knowledge. Thou art omnipresent. Thou hast
nicely created the Earth, Dawn, Sun, and this entire world. May we
always prosper, having realized the Effulgent Lord, the Guide of the
universe. May I achieve various big ambitions. May I realise God and
Matter through truthful speech, and noble deeds.

16. Surya may also mean a learned person.

17. Expiation . Means of atonement.

18. See Yajur 6-22, 3-48.

19. See Yajur 8-25, 6-22.

220 YAJUR VEDA

24. O God, the Fulfiller of vows, concentrating myself on Thee,
I plunge in divine meditation like fuel in fire, whereby I acquire the
vow of truth and faith.

Being initiated in celibacy and gaining knowledge, I kindle Thee.

25. I consider that society or country to be ideal, where the civil
and military forces work together harmoniously, where the learned civil
administrators cooperate with the commanders of the army.

26. Fain would I know that holy God, where birth and death un-
known, where in complete accordance reside soul and God side by side.

27. Let thy soul be united with God. Let each joint of thine be
full of vigour. Let thy noble nature guard thy wealth. Let the imperish-
able sap of God's devotion be for thy joy.

28. Those who aspire after power, for delight pour in the stomach
the sap of medicines, drink it, receive it excellently, and purify themselves,
strengthen their body and soul. He who says 'What is this, 1 'What is
that, 1 gains nothing.

29. O learned person desirous of happiness, at morn accept our cake
accompanied with grain and groats, with wheaten bread and hymns of
praise.

30. O learned persons, advancers of truth, whereby ye create
pleasant highly known spiritual power, for the attainment of Holy God,
like sun the dispeller of cloud, chant the great Sama hymns in praise of
God.

31. O Adhvaryu, bring into the sacred yajna, Soma, born of clouds.
Purify it for king's drink.

32. He is the Lord of living beings, upon whom the worlds depend.
God is mighty. He is greater than space. Hence I realise Him, I realise
Him in my heart.

33. O learned person, thou art trained in nice rules of conduct, by
the teacher and the preacher. Thou art educationally connected with
them. I accept thee for didactic speech, for lofty supremacy, for effective
guardianship, for thy possessing a noble, learned wife, for noble behaviour,
and for full protection.

26. In the state of emancipation soul and God live together. There soul is free from
the pangs of hunger and thirst, where the distress of birth and death is not felt.

28. He who reviles the efficacy of medicines does not improve his body and foul.

31. Adhvaryu:- one of the four priests, Hota, Udgata, Adhvaryu and Brahma, who
minister the yajna.

CHAPTER XX 221

34. O God, Thou art the guardian of my inner breath and outward
breath, the guardian of my eye and ear. All-healer of my voice, Thou
art the mollifier of my mind.

35. O learned person, invited, do I feed upon the food brought
near, prepared by the experts and learned ladies, under instructions from
the protecting king.

36. O learned person, just as the sun kindled in forefront of
Mornings, with forward light, long-active, waxing mighty, with thirty three
supernatural powers of nature, the Thunder-wielder, smites dead the cloud,
and throws light on the portals, so do thou with the help of warriors kill
the foes, and open the doors of knowledge and religion.

37. He, who is praised by the public, is the discoverer of different
objects, is the master of just behaviour, is fearless, maintains the vitality
of his body, is engaged in agriculture with oxen, is full of knowledge, is
wealthy with gold, is extremely wise, and performs yajna, is fit for us to
seek shelter under.

38. O Commander of the army may thou approach our sacrifice
(yajna) rejoicing. Thou art lauded by the learned, lord of bay steeds, the
performer of sacrifice, invited by the wise, advancest with giving and
receiving knowledge. Fort-render, enjoyer of thy soldiers as the
sun enjoys after rending asunder the cloud, and Thunder-wielder
art thou.

39. O learned person, just as the sun, residing in space, full of rays,
vast in extent, accompanied by months and worlds like the Earth, stationed
in an intermediate quarter from the E&rth, full of expanse, famous and
ancient, is occupying its pleasant orbit, so shouldst thou be amongst us.

40. O people, just as glib-tongued, child-bearing ladies moving fast,
reach the gates of lustrous, majestic and heroic husbands, and just as
reputed, valiant, well-mannered, vigilant husbands, seek from all sides the.
asylum of wives, advanced in knowledge, so shouldst ye do.

41. O people, just as Dawn and Night fair in appearance, coupled
with the darkness of night, richly-yielding, with growing light, accompany
the sun, long-extended, illuminator of worlds like the Earth, lofty, so
should ye keep contact with an expressive heroic person.

42. Teacher and Preacher, companions of the learned, good orga-
nisers, charitable, pleasant-voiced, first to officiate on a yajna, leaders of
multitude of people, who with sweet oblation increase the ancient light
and glory, are fit to be adored by all

222 YAJUR VEDA

43. Vidya Sabha, Dharma Sabha and Rajya Sabha, all three bent
on speedily solving problems, well-qualified and duly constituted, thriving
through knowledge and authority, like wedded dames, taking charge of
State's administration, with prowess, skill and affluence, preserve the
government like the unbroken thread of progeny.

44. O learned person, just as an active scholar, full of vigour,
gathers strength for a strong glorious Commander, being most famous, and
adored throughout the land, masters various objects for glory, full of
vitality, showering happiress like the cloud, acquires full might, and
wishes for the sages in a well known place on the earth, so shouldst
thou do.

45. He, who rears the trees by erecting strong barriers round them,
creating contact with the soul, like one under orders, conduces to our
happiness, fills the treasure of fame, as one fills the belly with sacrifice,
performs sacrifice with edible objects like honey and butter, and tastes
them well, remains immune from disease.

46. Just as a strong, exalted, heroic person, overpowers the
violent foe, but is pleased with an upright, straight-forward man with
little merit, so with brilliant knowledge, and truthful deeds, let the
immortal sages, full of joy and contentment contribute to our happiness.

47. May the mighty ruler, applauded at present, being fearless and
heroic, augmenting bis forces, well trained by past commanders, whose
sovereignty, competent to subdue the foes shines like the sun, strengthen
us, and come to us for our protection, and may he occupy a dignified
position.

48. May the foe-subduing Commander, acquiring desired happiness
with arms, nourisher of men, accompanied by valiant warriors, full of
righteous indignation on the wicked, and swift killer of foes, come to us
from far or near for our protection in battles, and guard and honour
our men.

49. May the Commander of the army, mighty, facing the enemy
with the force of his knowledge, well-trained in the use of arms, with dis-
ciplined cavalry, stand in combat to guard and enrich us. May he nicely
share our this administrative business based on truth and justice.

43. Vidya Sabha: Assembly of the learned.

Dharma Sabha: Assembly of the religious.

Rajya Sabha: Assembly of the Administrators.

These are three Assemblies which should run efficiently the administration of a country.

CHAPTER xx 223

50. O Commander, in each battle I invite thee, the rescuer, the
destroyer of the ignoble, affable, the giver of glory, deserving of invoca-
tion, the Subduer of the foes, the preserver of administration, quick in
action, adored by the multitude, and the castigator of the enemy's army.
O Bounteous Lord, may thou give us happiness.

51. The ruler, a good protector, accompanied by his excellent
assistants, full of wealth, diffuser of happiness, should protect his subjects
by administering justice, remove the opponents, render all free from fear,
and himself be fearless, whereby we may be the lords of vigour.

52. May the ruler, our good preserver, with his noble family
members, a father unto us, drive from us away, even from far and near,
our foe men.

May we dwell in the auspicious favour of and obey the orders of the
ruler, who is fit to perform acts of sacrifice.

53. O Mighty Commander, go forth, with excellent steeds having
tails like peacock plumes, to conquer thy foes. Let none check thy course,
as fowlers capture the bird. Come unto us like a skilful archer.

54. O wealthy citizens, just as learned persons laud the slayer of
foes, who is powerful, whose arms wield weapons, so should ye. Thus
praised may he guard our wealth in men and cattle. Ye heroes, preserve
us evermore with blessings.

55. Just as in this world, vedic text, like the milch-cow, multiplies
our pure glory and wealth, so should I perfect it. O men and women just
as heated, radiant, impelled, burning, unified fire protects the world, so
should I protect it.

56. O people, just as both husband and wife, conversant with
medical science, guardians of the body, accomplished with noble nature
and good dealings, possessing vedic knowledge and sweetness in speech in
this world, preserve by different devices wealth and the people for the
king, so ye should contact them.

57. Both kinds of physicians, well versed in the science of medicine,
for the removal of ailment, in this world, prescribe medicine skilfully and
with a sweet voice. May speech full of commendable learning, coupled
with words of praise from men, lead to affluence, conducive to happiness.

57. There are two kinds of physicians : one who treats the physical ailments, and the
other who deals with mental maladies. The word Nagnahu (HH$) in the ver?e has been trans*
lated by Griffith as the drug used for fermenting the sura (^T), Rishi Dayananda translates it
AS 'conducive to happiness. 1

2$4 YAJUR VEDA

58. An educated wife, praised on all side*, for her prosperous
husband, acquires told, strong organs, and butter that builds the body.

Physicians with their medical knowledge resplendent like the Pun
and moon, with efficacious medicines, acquire foodstuffs, good might and
nice religious wealth.

59. Laudable man and woman, who moving freely, imbued with
noble qualities, deeds, and characteristics, with acts conducive to happi-
ness, for the attainment of supreme power, delivery from an incurable
disease, and for safety, use the juice of well-prepared, strength-infusing
medicines, always remain happy.

60. Just as highly applauded lightning pervading the sun and moon,
illumines directions and gates, and engulfs the Earth and Heaven, so do I
an educated woman accomplish my desires.

61. O learned persons, just as the sun and moon, of fair hue, at
dawn and night, by day and in the evening, are adorned by manifesting
lightning, so should ye adorn yourselves with the noble qualities of soul
and well disciplined speech.

62. O virtuous teachers and preachers, guard us in day and night.
O highly educated mother guard us. O health-giving physician, according
well, protect the juice of medicines.

63. Well-disciplined speech, protecting mother, laudable preach-
ress, these three, and two good physicians, should produce differently the
strong, gladdening, well-begotten juice of medicines.

64. May the teacher and preacher, imparters of knowledge, a highly
educated mother, a skilled workman, give us glory, fame, and diverse
beautiful objects for the consummation of our affluence.

65. Just as didactic speech through free use fulfils our desires like
a milch-cow, and just as a mighty tree growing with the passage of seasons,
with its sweet juice and edible products fulfils our desires under the
advice of physicians, so may I fulfil my desires.

66. O physicians, just as we attain to supremacy, with measured
rice diet, with speech full of instruction, knowledge and sweetness, with
cows' milk and its products, so should ye use the juice of medicines, highly
efficacious and well prepared.

6$. Disciplined speech t the instructions of a physician.

Differently : In three ways, each working independently.

Two physicians : Healers of physical and mental ills.
'66. Physicians means two physicians as stated in verse 63.

CHAPTER XX

67. Good physicians and an educated lady, with their wisdom,
through the use of material objects resulting from indestructible matter,
should cultivate an acceptable mind, and acquire from cloud strength,
brilliant: treasure, and ample wealth.

68. Teacher and preacher united together, and an educated woman,
with oblations made of material provisions, whose home is in clouds born
of indestruccible matter, strengthen their might, which shatters to pieces
even the splendid force of the enemy.

69. O people, use nicely Soma, imbued with strength-giving quality,
in yajna's oblations, just as two learned teacher and preacher, experts in
the science of medicine utilise it, or just as an educated lady avails of it, or
just as cattle use it.

70. They who acquire wealth for supremacy, attain to happiness.
He becomes dignified, who imbued with the spirit of service, full of
excellence, desirous of advancement, good guardian, protector of yajna's
oblations, enjoys wealth through the sacrificer.

71. An excellent urger, a good guardian bestowing gifts on the
liberal offerer, should attract the force and well-trained mind of a sacri-
ficer, who abandons not the path of virtue.

72. O men, just as a noble soul, striving for affluence, speaker of the
Assembly, a good guardian, full of prosperity, acquires sovereignty, a just
mind, worldly wealth and philanthropic deeds, so should ye acquire them,
possessing renown and strength.

73. Teacher, preacher, and an educated lady, with disciplined
speech, well trained horses, and enterprise, should augment wealth,
prowess, strength, and enhance a mighty devotee of truth.

74. May both teacher and preacher, fair of form, rolling in wealth,
an educated wife, possessing serviceable objects, and thou a learned fellow,
help us in all our acts.

75. * May both the healers of the body and soul, righteous in their
deeds, an educated woman, who imparts knowledge just as a cow yields

67. Clouds give us timely rain, which enriches our agricultural land, and adds to our
wealth by bumper harvests.

69. Whose refers to oblations, which rise up and reside in clouds.

70. He : Priest.

A sacrificer (yajman) adds to the wealth of the priest (Purohit), just as the priest
advances the fame and glory of the sacrificer.

71. An excellent urger, a good guardian means the king or a noble soul.

72. A good guardian : The speaker of the Assembly is the guardian of the rights and
privileges of its members.

226 YAJUR VEbA

milk, and a highly sagacious person, like the sun that tears asunder the
cloud, possess riches for the sake of prosperity.

76. O teacher and preacher, ye both, cooperating together, and
learned subjects, like the uniterrupted eternal cloud, behave most beauti-
fully in sovereign deeds, and so act as our protectors in diverse ways.

77. O learned person, full of wealth, knowledge and affluence,
thou wisely drinkest the juice efficacious medicines, thou art served by
thy educated wife, may thou be protected by the teacher and preacher
with the works of the poets, just as father and mother rear their son.

78. He, who collects, trains and takes useful service from horses,
bulls, oxen, barren cows and rams, is the protector of food grains, is
imbued with an amiable disposition, and is a wise, brilliant person,
deserves hearty respect.

79. O learned person, within thy mouth is poured the offering,
as Soma into cup, ghee into ladle.

Vouchsafe us wealth, strength-winning, blest with heroes, and
wealth lofty, praised by men, and full of splendour.

80. Teacher and preacher, an educated lady, the leader of the
Assembly, give to the soul, sight with lustre, manly strength with breath,
vigorous power with voice and might.

81. O highly educated people, wedded to truth, chastisers of the
wicked, equipped with horses and pasture-land for cows, just as ye
command respect from men, so should we.

82. O head of the State and Chief of the staff administer the State
in a way that no internal or external malicious mortal foe be able to
harm it.

83. O wise Head of the State and Chief of the Staff lead us on to
wealth, glittering like gold, and highly serviceable.

84. May vedic speech, eur purifier, powerful through the force of
diverse forms of knowledge, with wisdom and riches acquired through
enterprise, beautify our yajna.

85. Vedic text, the impeller of truthful speeches, the inspirer of
perceptions, expatiates on God.

86. Vedic text, with its store of knowledge, illuminates the vast
ocean of words, and brightens all pious thoughts.

78. We should respect the persons who train animals for useful service.
81. Educated people refers to two persons, the teacher and preacher.
84. Yajna : Sacrifice, or an act of public service or utility.

CHAPTER XX 227

87. O king, marvellously bright, enjoy these fine objects, full of
qualities, prepared and purified by fingers for thee.

88. O learned and renowned king, well urged and taught by the
wise, impelled by intellect, enjoy food-grains and riches prepared with
skill and wisdom.

89. O vital soul, expeditious in action, attain to vedic knowledge.
For our thriving transaction produce edible corn.

90. O people just as loving teacher and preacher, with chastened
speech, enjoy sweet knowledge, and as a glorious king, good guardian,
slayer of foes as the sun is of clouds, eats the sweet corn grown in the
midst of Soma herbs, so should ye do.

88. This verse can also be thus interpreted :

O soul full of knowledge and supremacy, urged by intellect, served by the wise, lea.ru
the vedic truth, from a highly intellectual and wise sage.

CHAPTER XXI

1. O God, hear this prayer of mine, be ever gracious unto us.
Longing for help I yearn for Thee.

2. O Worshipful God, with my prayer, I attain unto Thee through
vedic knowledge. A worshipper longs to realise Thee with his oblations.
O praiseworthy God, worthy of respect, give us Thy knowledge in this
world, steal not our life from us.

3. O Omniscient God, Thou art the Master of all branches of
knowledge, put far away from us disrespect to a learned person. Extre-
mely venerable, Effulgent and Purifier, remove Thou far from us all
feelings of hatred.

4. O God, be Thou the nearest unto us. Protect us with Thy power
of protection, while now this Morn is breaking. Reconcile the learned
to us ; be Bounteous, give us happiness and nice charity.

5. We call to protect us, this unimpaired Earth, the mother of
those who stick steadfastly to their vow, the rearer of truth, full of
wealth, free from decay, the giver of various objects, equipped with
excellent houses and pleasureable politics.

6. May we ascend, for weal, this vessel, affording protection, vast
in size, well renowned, flawless, highly accommodating, complete in cons-
truction, used by the king and his subjects for political purposes, rowed
with good rudders, comfortable, free from leakage, and built by skilled
architects.

7. May I ascend for welfare the goodly ship, free from defect in
construction, that leaketh not, and is equipped with manifold anchors.

8. O intellectual and industrious pair of artisans, behaving like Pran
and Udan, sprinkle with water our walking-path for two miles, and
provide all places with sweet water.

8 Just as Pran and Udan, the ingoing and out-going breaths work together, so should
the gracious pair of artisans work.

Roads outside the city should he sprinkled with water for walking and suppressing dust.

Pt. Jai Dev, Vidya Alankar, translates the verse, that Government should make arrange-
ments for drinking-booths and schools for the spread of knowledge at a distance of every
two miles.

The Lucknow Vedic Sansthan translators interpret the verse as : O learned people,
fill our temple of knowledge with your fii e teachings. Spread your sweet instructions to
distant places as well.

CHAPTER XXI 229

9. O teacher and preacher, ye, uniters and disuniters like both the
arms, come unto me for improving my life. Arrange water to be sprinkled
for us for two miles. Give us the nice lessons of glory, and hear our
mutual discussions.

10. O highly learned person, possessing arms and foodstuffs, slow
mover, behaving like scholars, wordly wise, crushing the thief and ignoble
souls, as sun crushes the cloud, become for us an ancient pie a sure- giver,
and completely banish our afflictions.

11. O immortal, truth-knowing, learned, and wise people, help
us in each fray, and our efforts to earn wealth. Drink deep the essence
of knowledge, be joyful, be satisfied : then follow the paths which the
sages are wont to tread.

12. Just as kindled fire, the Sun highly illumined with its light,
an excellent person, the Gayatri metre please the mind, and just as a
person protecting the body, its organs and soul, singing the praise of God
attains to longevity, so should the learned do.

13. Just as a religious-minded person, who lets not the body decay,
who preserves his physical strength, vedic speech, and Ushniha metre,
realises the significance of soul, and just as a devotee, creating love for
worldly destructible objects expands his desires, so should the learned do.

14. Just as a learned person, lustrous like fire, immortal by nature,
supreme, fit for eulogy and research, divine, guarded by five vital breaths,
laudable for his knowledge, and just as Anushtap-metre with praises,
attain to self satisfaction and intellectual mind, so should all do,

15. Just as a learned person, brilliant like fire, air-minded, immor-
tal by nature, gracing the space, and Brihati-metre, realise the signifi-
cance of soul, and just as persons docile like a cow, control their bodies,
organs and minds, so should we all do.

9, Unite and disunite : A teacher and preacher ask the students to unite and work in
cooperation. They ask us to shun the company of the wicked and the evil-minded and
remain away from them.

13. Ushniha metre : A person who remains celibate, and increases his physical, mental
and spiritual strength for 28 years, like the 28 syllables of the Ushniha metre.

14. Anushtap-metre : A Brahmchari who observes celibacy and improves his body
and soul for 32 years, like 32 syllables of the Anushtap metre.

15. Brihati-metre : A Brahmchari who observes celibacy and strengthens his body
and soul for 36 years, like 36 syllables of the Brihati metre. Mahidhar interprests frmr as a
steer of 3 years age, whereas Rishi Dayananda interprets it as a learned person, who controls
the body, organs and mind.

230 YAJUR VEDA

16. O people, just as glittering doors, mighty regions, air in space,
resplendent sun, Pankti-metre, and a learned person in the fourth
Ashrama, gain power and life in this world so should ye acquire life and
power.

17. O people, just as in this world, the female teacher and preacher
of lovely form, like two dawns of great brilliance, all the immortal bright
forces of nature, the Trishtup metre and the bull that carries burden on
its back, give us wealth and life, so should ye all acquire them.

18. O people, just as good physicians the correct dispensers of
medicine with skill, with mind awakened, shrewd amongst the learned,
bestowers of knowledge, ox and cow, and Jagati metre give us good wealth,
so should ye all acquire the same.

19. O people, just as the Earth, speech and intellect, all three,
air-folk, subjects, illuminating strength of various kinds, like the milch-
cow, in this world, give wealth and attainable objects, so should ye all
acquire these.

20. O people, wonderful,speedy, subtle, invigorating air and fire,
human beings who stand on two feet like the metre having two quarters,
and like a vigorous bull give life and physicial strength, know ye them.

21. O people, just as the sun, the giver of tranquillity, and nouri-
sher of trees, produces wealth and a Brahmchari observing celibacy for
twentyeight years, like the Kakup metre of twentyeight syllables, the
Assembly that controls the State, and the statesmanship of the ruler that
nips in the bud the machinations of the wicked, give us life and power,
so should ye do.

22. O people, just as a noble, wealthy person, correctly uses an
efficacious medicine, as a man more advanced than the others, like the
Ati metre, and an excellent bull attain to supremacy and perform their
personal duty, so should ye all da.

16. Pankti-metre : A Bramhchari who observes celibacy for 40 years, like 40 syllables
of the Pankti-metre grfsw *ft may also mean a yajna supervised by four priests, Hota,
Adbvarya, Udgata and Brahma.

17. Trishtup-metre . A Brahmchari who leads a life of celibacy up to fortyfour years
like the fortyfour syllables of the Trishtup metre.

18. Jagti metre : A Brahmchari who observes celibacy up to forty eight years like the
forty-eight syllables of the Jagati metre.

22. There are four metres with which Ati (arftf) is prefixed ; i. e., Ati Dhriti, Ati Ashti,
Ati Shakwari, Ati Jagati. In each of these metres there are four syllables more than in the
ordinary metres,

CHAPTER XXI

23. people, eight vasus, full of divine qualities, extolled by
humanity, present in past, present and future, where people move in
conveyances, afford pleasure in the spring. The learned acquire with
dignity, in light of the sun, longevity, through offering oblations.

24. O people, know the highly extolled Rudra Brahmchari, who in
Summer season, with the recitation of Panchdash stoma of fifteen verses,
give strength and life to the soul, with fame and sacrifice.

25. O people know ye the Aditya Brahmcharis, who endowed with
many qualities, living in the midst of people, in the rainy season, praised
with the recitation of Saptdasha stoma of seventeen verses, give life to the
soul with strength and sacrifice.

26. O people serve those wise and divine persons, who praised
with a hymn of twentyone verses, in the Autumn season, give to the soul
grace, life and sacrifice, with riches and the significance conveyed in virat
verses.

27. O men, serve those learned persons, who in winter, praised
with a hymn of twentyseven verses, give might, sacrifice and pleasure to
the soul with cloud and cows the source of strength.

28. O men acquire knowledge of material objects from those im-
mortal, laudable learned persons, who in Dew-time, possessing the know-
ledge of thirtythree gods, with the force of truth and strength of subjects
that overcome the armies of wealthy foes, give power, sacrifice, and
pleasure to the soul.

23. Eight Vasus: -Sun, Moon, Earth, Space, etc. Vasu also means Brahmchari who
observes celibacy for 24 years.

24. Rudra Brahmcharis : Those who observe the vow of celibacy for 36 years.
Rudras also mean ten vital breaths (Pran) and soul.

Paachdasha : a recitation of 15 verses, known as Panchdasha Stoma occuring in the
Atharva Veda.

25. Aditya Brahmcharis : Those who observe the vow of celibacy and study the vedas

for fortyeight years.

Adityas also mean twelve months of the year, forming a part of 33 devatas along with 8
vasus and 11 Rudras.

Saptdasha Stoma : A hymn of 17 verses in the Atharva veda.

26. Virat verses occur, in the Sama Veda. A hymn of 21 verses means a Sukta with this
number of verses.

27. Trinava : a hymn of 27 verses.

28. Immortal : Persons of deathless fame,

Thirtythree gods :-Eight Vasus, Eleven Rudras, Twelve months, Lightning and Yajna,
the 33 forces of nature.

29. Hota : one of the four guardians of a yajna.
Jujube fruit : TO, **

232 YAJUR vDA

29. Just as a Hota, on this earth in a place of oblations, with fuel,
burns, the fire, and like the sun and moon, acquires supremacy and instruc-
tive speech, and just as a person uses wh?at purple coloured like a he-goat,
and jujube fruit as medicine, so, thou, sacrificer, perform Homa with
eloquence, sweet water, precious substances, milk, corn, well pressed
medicinal herbs, ghee and honey.

30. Just as a Hota, the remover of physical imperfections, imbibes
instructive speech, and like a sheep and a ram, obtains medicine from a
watery path, and utilises the Sun, Moon, and valour for acquiring supre-
macy, and avails of jujube fruits and didactic instructions as healing
medicine, or just as one acquires with his sons, water, well pressed medi-
cinal herbs, ghee, and honey, so shouldst thou sacrificer give butter
offerings.

31. Just as a Hota worships the Lord who sends to jail the wicked
persons and is praised by the subjects, uses medicine with water, solidifies
the force of the warriors of a general, who rends asunder the ignoble
foes, or just as a preacher is a mental healer, or a speech full of knowledge
acts like a physician, or just as a conveyance helps us in reaching our
destination, so does a wealthy person help us for success in life. Just as
the strength of a foe-killing king, manages the air flights between the
earth and heaven, or just as an intelligent person uses well received moral
instructions as medicine like the jujube fruit, so shouldst a sacrificer along
with children, offer butter oblations, full of milk, well pressed juice of
medicines, ghee and honey.

32. Just as a laudable person, invoked with honour, and praised in
a eulogistic language, acquires supremacy and fine speech, by dint of
exertion, increases wealth by fast moving bull, understands the signifi-
cance of Heaven and Earth, uses barley as medicine for acquiring might,
eats boiled rice sweet like jujube fruit and parched grains ; so shouldst
thou, O sacrificer offer butter oblations, with the juice of well-prepared
medicinal herbs, milk, ghee and honey.

33. Just as a learned person acts as a physician for removing our
doubts, like a woollen cloth which pressed removes cold ; just as a mare
with nice foals, runs so fast, as if it flies to heaven, just as two physicians,
true to .their profession, proficient in the science of medicine confer
together ; Just as a disease-killing and milk-yielding cow acts as a
physician, or a speech full of knowledge plays the part of a physician for
purifying the soul, so, O sacrificer, shouldst thou offer butter oblations
with water, milk, Soma juice, ghee and honey procured by thee.

CHAPTER xxi 233

34. Just as a learned person, like perforated objects, provides for
the doors of the sacrificial hall, spacious like the regions ; just as he
protects its doors and regions from rain and fire, and fully masters the
Earth and space like lightning ; just as he makes the knowledge-full speech
useful for the soul like a cow ; just as the Sun and Moon, like life infus-
ing water, mature medicinal herbs, just as he contacts the illuminating
mind for its perfection, so shouldst thou, O sacrificer offer butter oblations
with milk, soma juice, ghee and honey procured by thee.

35. Just as beautiful wive?, with control over passions, serve their
husbands, and the Sun and Moon spread light during the day and night,
and learned persons give splendour and coolness to the soul ; as a good
cook like a learned person with the knowledge of planets, devotedly
prepares nice, dainty meals ; so shouldst thou, O sacrificer offer butter
oblations with well prepared medicinal herbs and their juices, water and
honey procured by tbee.

36. God, the organiser of this yajna of the universe, has created
the earthly fire, and atmospheric air, the Sun and Moon as healing
physicians and the lightning, The animating lightning like a physician,
with balms and lead-dust, yields strength and physical power. O sacrifi-
cer offer butter oblations, with well prepared juice, milk, medicinal herbs,
ghee and honey procured by thee.

37. Just as a learned person uses the three Assemblies as a remedy
for uprooting the ills of administration ; or as an active soul possessing
truth, spirit, liability to err, and spoken of in the first, second and third
persons, perceives the light of eye in the lightning. Just as the Sun and
Moon are the instructors of all like laudable receptive intelligence ; or
just as a highly learned woman, with her scholarly and instructive
eloquence amasses great wealth for her famous husband, so shouldst thou
O learned person perform Havan with well prepared juices, milk, medi-
cinal herbs, butter and honey acquired by thee.

38. Just as a learned person utilises a powerful bull, and a noble
l>erson f the remover of miseries, and doer of good deeds amongst his

34. Perforated objects :- Just as pegs are nailed in perforated objects to make them
fixed and strong, so a learned person should arrange to make the doors of ttoe yajnashala
strong and durable.

37, Three Assemblies :-Raj Sabha, Vidya Sabha, Dharma Sabha. Soul possesses
the qualities of Satva, Rajas, Tamas.

It is spoken of as we, you aad they in the plural, or I, thou, he, she or it in the
singular.

58. Thou : The sacrificer, yajoian.

234 YAJUR VEDA

fellows, and avails of air and lightning as a physician, and didactit speech
for strength, just as an intelligent person acquires vigour, mental force,
and speed like a destructive weapon, derives wealth and corn from water,
considers medicine a^ a valuable thing, and receives well cooked meals,
so shouldst thou acquire with exertion, juices worth drinking, supremacy,
butter and honey, and perform Havan with them and specially butter.

39. Just as an intelligent physician for the acquisition of wealth
like the Sun, the protector of its rays, welcomes a man the advocate of
peace full of wisdom and doer of diverse deeds ; cultivates anger to inspire
awe, respects a king for killing the tiger with a deadly weapon ; just as
a learned lady, the Speaker of the Assembly and Chief of the staff are
filled with anger, so shouldst thou acquire with exertion wealth, juices,
medicinal herbs, ghee, and honey, and perform Homa with them and
mainly butter.

40. Just as a learned person makes the best use of ghee, takes due
care of minor unctuous objects, uses fire in diverse nice ways, takes the
help of state officials and cattle-breeders for the removal of suffering
through cultured speech ; properly utilises a well built person for acquir-
ing supremacy, avails of enterprise snd strength for helping the slayer of
foes, amasses wealth by honest means, treats fire as a healer like medicine,
pacifies mind with tranquillity and knowledge, cures through pathology
the army general, a good guardian j and a wealthy person, a patron of
physicians ; instructs with his knowledge the protectors of forests, and
endears like corn a lovable medicine ; and just as learned devotees of
science, brilliant like fire, serve and consult a physician, so shouldst tbou
O sacrificer, procure juices, milk, medicinal herbs, ghee and honey, and
perform Havan with them and chiefly butter.

41. Just as a learned person deals in various trades, avails of oily
oblations, rears cattle and uses goat, bull, buffalo for purposes of cultiva-
tion, for sowing seeds, and grooving cotton for making clothes thereof, so
shouldst thou O sacrificer do. Just as a learned person enhances the
power of discussion of rival disputants ; puts greasy oblations in the fire,
and cultivates scholarly speech, and rightly utilises all these things, so
shouldst thou O sacrificer do.

Just as a learned person resorts to a device that enhances the
strength of the bull, puts into fire oily oblations, and elevates his soul,
rightly uses all these substances, so shouldst thou, O sacrificer do.

42. Just as a learned person duly respects the teacher and the
preacher, the scholarly speech, and the king, the guardian of his subjects ;
us t as these learned, duly elected, charitably disposed members of the

CHAPTER XXI 235

Assembly,save us from explosive substances and beasts of prey, and grant
us beautiful and fascinating articles } ju?*- is honourable persons respected
by their progeny with parched grains, pure and gracious, joyfully eat the
cooked rice with milk, and nice water ; just as aged spiritual people, full
of sweet qualities, who travel from one place to the other, accept the
offerings made by the people : and just as honoured persons, a learned lady
and a famous person, affording protection like the Sun, the slayer of
clouds, accept sweet Soma juice, drink it, derive pleasure, and master all
branches of knowledge, so shouldst thou, O sacrificer make full use of
all objects.

43. Just as a learned person keeps company with the teacher and
the preacher, who ever derive in a nice manner the useful things like milk
and greasy butter from a goat, and surely eat them before they are snatched
by the wicked, and asked for by chaste beggar women; just as they
utilise rough and refined meals, chiefly of barley, delicious, chasers of
hundreds of ailments, prepared in fire, just as good physicians remove
ills from the sides, from the thighs, from the stomach, from each limb
causing pain, and from vital organs of the patients, and partake of eatable
foods, so shouldst thou, O sacrificer, use all these substances.

44. Just as a learned person, with the good nature of an instructed
person, having extracted out of oblation the greasy substance, ever acquires
it, develops speech, holds it in veneration, and surely eats it before
enemies snatch it or a respectable married woman asks for it ; just as
persons beautiful to sit for dinner, individually or collectively, showerers
of happiness, wearers of ungaudy clothes, having knowledge of electricity,
conveyers of the opinion of the learned to the masses are freed by a
skilled physician from physical ills from the sides, from the thighs, from
the stomach, and from each limb causing pain, so shouldst an educated
lady cherish him, so shouldst thou, o sacrificer perform yajna.

45. Just as a learned person, attains to supremacy, and uses a
medicine which cures ills of the sides, of the thighs, of a limb suffering
acute pain, of excretory organ, nay of each organ, of persons, .beautiful to
sit for dinner, cultivators of barley, showerers of happiness, digesters of
meals, wearers of rough, ungaudy clothes, chastisers of hundreds
of the wicked, magnanimous in spirit and which the king uses,
and just as the king daily acquires well protected nice greasy substance

44. Extraction of greasy subitance refers to the yajna Shesh (remnant) which should
be eaten by the performers of the yajna.

41 Which means medicine.

236 YAJUR VEDA

derived out of oblation, certainly respects and eats it before it is snatched
by the enemies or a respectable woman asks for it, so shouldst thou, O
sacrificer be conversant with all dealings.

46. A learned person performs deeds with his excellent, speedy
power of commencement. Where the cattle eat the grass nourished by
the Sun and Moon, where oblations reach fascinating places, where there
are streams for rams to roam about, and where oblations reach fascinating
stations, where there are found dignified persons, and oblations reach
fascinating places, where there are good stations of fire and electricity,
where there grow efficacious medicines in good plaees, where abide
excellent people, the protectors of humanity, where there arise and blow
charming and attractive zephyrs, where tbere are the birth places of
greatmen, where there are fruits of trees, where the planets revolve in
their orbits and afford protection to the souls in their beautiful stations,
where there are the abodes of learned persons who spread knowledge and
give us comforts; there shouldst thou praise these substances at opportune
times, and having praised them from near, mike their fullest use accord-
ing to their merits, attributes and nature. Making their collection, thou
shouldst use them in practical works, like undertakings begun in right
earnest.

Just as fire the fosterer of sun's rays enjoys oblations, and reaches
the trees and protects them, so shouldst thou O sacrificer be conversant
with all dealings.

47. Just as a learned person acquires the desired fire, and just as
the fire, acquires the fascinating stations of air, lightning, and healing
oblations ; just as he praises the fascinating stations of oblations, speech,
and persons desirous of victory ; just as he praises the fascinating positions
of a dignified king possessing noble traits and oblations 5 just as he praises
the fascinating powers of electricity ; just as he praises the fascinating
powers of sovereignty ; just as he praises the charming forces of a protect-
ing commander of the army ; just as he praises the bewildering discoveries
of wealth producing science 5 just as he admires the places of fine water and
men, and acquires the fruits of charming trees ; just as he praises the
habitations of the learned who drink fruit juices and protect knowable
objects ; just as he praises the majestic rays of the sun that draws water
and emits light ; just as he realises his greatness ; just as a highly intellect-
ual person cherishes noble aspirations ; performs deeds of mutual coopera-
tion, and uninterrupted yajnas, and enjoys all useful substances so shouldst
thou, O sarificer be conversant with all dealings.

CHAPTER XXI 237

48. O learned person )ust as a highly intellectual wife praises her
noble, educated husband, the space and the teacher and preacher, like
brilliance of the eyes and just as educated persons, for the acquisition of
wealth, use devices to accumulate riches, acquire and possess wealth tes-
ting it with the sight of their eyes, so shouldst thou acquire and possess it.

49. O learned person, just as Air and the Sun, an educated wife,
and physicians, for gain of wealth having secured the bright gates meant
for going in and coming out, like breath in the nostril, gain strength, and
master nine gates of the body, and for enjoying wealth, the wise gain the
treasure of riches, so shouldst thou be conversant with all dealings.

50. O learned person, just as lustrous morning and evening, protec-
tion-affording sun, moon and an educated wife, for one aspiring after the
acquisition of wealth, for his acquiring the treasure of riches, like speech
in the mouth, grant him strength and wealth morning and evening, and
behave likewise unto all, so shouldst thou be conversant with all dealings.

51. O learned person, just as lustrous, adorable morning and
evening, the bestowers of knowledge, air and lightning magnify the Sun,
and men acquire fame, just as ears give us the power to hear, and grant
wealth to him who aspires after riches, and wants to amass wealth, so
shouldst thou be conversant with all dealings.

52. O learned persons, just as beautiful and grand morning and
evening, corn oblation, a woman-educator, healing physicians, teacher and
preacher guard light pure like water, so should ye strengthen the body as
breasts strengthen themselves with milk, and in this world full of riche?,
give money to him who yearns for it, so that all persons may become rich.
O seeker after virtue, so shouldst thou be conversant with all dealings.

53. O learned persons, just as amongst the educated persons, good
physicians, the givers of easa to the body, well advanced in the science of
medicine, with noble deeds, attain to supreme glory, and a woman with
her admirable learning and didactic speech, plants wisdom like light in her

48 It -wealth.

Thou :-Sacrificer-Performer of the yajna.

49. Gates :-The gates of a well-ventilated house, in which air and sun's rays enter, and
people go in and come out like breath in the nostril.

Nine gates. Nine parts of the body which are its gates, i.e., two eyes, two ears, two
nostrils, mouth, the penis and the anus.

50. Thou : Learned person.

51. Thou : Learned person-
53. They : Physicians.

238 YAJUR VEDA

heart, and they, along with the charitably disposed, cultivate a pure mind
for the distributor of the treasure's wealth, and accumulate riches, so
should ye be conversant with all dealings.

54. O student, just as mother, mistress, preachress, these three
ladies full of glow with knowledge, in this world full of wealth, for the
soul aspiring after wealth, accept as their pupils, the three girls, superior,
medium and low in intellect; and just as teacher and preacher, laudable
and learned ladies like energy and power in the middle of navel, cultivate
the mind; and just as all these procure these things, so shouldst thou be
conversant with all transactions.

55. O learned person, just as a highly intellectual, educated man ;
who has his abode underneath the ground, on the earth and in the space,
with his instructive speech, leads the instructors of humanity on the path
of virtue, just as a conveyance propelled by fire and steam takes us to
destination, and just as God, the Dispellerof misery, like pleasure-giving
water and semen-virile, invests in this world the soul, aspirant after
wealth, with physical beauty and limbs like ear, eye, etc., and just as these
procure all these things, so shouldst thou be conversant with all
dealings.

56. O learned person, just as water and heat, the brilliant rays of
the resplendent and lustrous sun, and advanced skill, ripen the sweet
fruits of the fig tree for man, just as water possesses velocity, and a
strong man controls wrath, so trees in this world, the mainstay of humani-
ty, produce wealth for us and for him who aspires after wealth ; just as
all these acquire these substances, so shouldst thou be conversant with
all dealings.

57. O soul, master of physical organs, thou hast fine speech, plea-
sure and restful peace. Thou art soft like the wool. Skilled engineers,
with the use of air and electricity, through their useful workmanship
prepare conveyances that move -in water, overshadowed by the beautiful
space. Just as learned persons amass wealth for the soul, that roams
in space between the earth and sky, is brilliant, contemplative and eager
for supremacy } and obtain these good things, so shouldst thou O sacrificer
be conversant with all dealings.

58. O learned person, just as in this world, for a person aspiring
after wealth, beautiful fire, the giver of desired happiness rightly diffuses

54. Thou :- Student.

56. Thou : Learned person,

58. Thou : Learned person.

CHAPTER XXI 239

itself on planets like the Earth etc ; just as sacrificers with the aid of air,
electricity, sun, speech and learned discourse derive benefit from fire
and moon ; just as a benign ruler, giver of happiness, liked by all, a nice
protector, the sun, the storer of water, a physician, the desired, beautiful
banyan tree give us desired happiness ; just as handsome lovable scholars,
drinkers of drinkable juice, worshippers, and fire the accomplisher of
desired act, like wealth the bringer of fame, bring for the sacrificer
physical strength, energy, honour and food ; just as these obtain these
things, so shouldst thou be conversant with all dealings

59. O man, just as this sacrificer, mastering the science of cooking
and preparing sacrificial oblations resorts to fire, the giver of comforts ;
and just as he uses goat's milk for strengthening vital breaths, sheep's milk
for invigorating his voice, and cow's milk for supremacy, and just as sacri-
ficers press the essence of medicinal herbs for the protecting ruler, and
for developing instructive speech, so shouldst ye ever do.

60. O man, just as our neighbours and a well-mannered person,
like the fig tree affording shelter under its shade, use the goat's milk
that kills all germs for strengthening vital breaths, sheep's milk for invigo-
rating voice and cow's milk for supremacy, and eat the greasy digestible
oils of those cattle, and gain vitality by eating well-prepared rice-cakes ;
just as vital breaths, praiseworthy tongue, and the majestic ruler that
affords us protection drink the essence of the juices of medicinal herbs,
so should ye do.

61. O Rishi (Seer), foremost amongst the Rishis, descendant of
Rishis, this sacrificer hath chosen thee today, of all the learned persons
assembled together. He knows thou shalt win for him choice-worthy
treasure, and all good serviceable objects, amongst the sages ; hence he
chooses thee.

O learned person, beloved of all, preach unto this sacrificer all the
gifts of knowledge the sages impart, and being well trained remain
active.

O Hota, thou hast been sent as the man, selected for good speech,
and for preaching the vedic doctrines. Preach thou the vedic verses.

59. Ye .Men.

60. Ye : Men.

Oil means clarified butter derived from the milk of these animals.

61. Rishi : One who knows and understands the significance of vedic texts.
Hota :--A learned person who imparts knowledge to humanity.

CHAPTEfc XXtt

1. O learned person, in this world created by the Resplendent God,
I take thee with arms strong like air and lightning and with hands
powerful like the rays of the Sun. Thou art immortal by nature, virile
and bright. Thou art the protector of life. Extend thy life and protect
mine.

2. We realise in this created world the Omnipresence of God,
which clearly describes from the beginning to the end, the relation
between the primordial causes, God and matter. The sages in the beginn-
ing of creation, know through the vedas this power of God's Omni-
presence.

3. O learned person thou art cool like water, thou art a preacher,
thou art controller, thou being eulogised, art the upholder of all transac-
tions. Know thou fire, wide in fame and guide of all things.

4. O learned person, I will place this fire in the yajna, for thee,
independent in actions, for the wise and the householder. Through that
sacrificial fire may I, accomlished with noble traits, succeed as a house-
holder. Use that fire in the yajna.

Make me fit to act as a good householder, endowed with noble
traits.

5. O learned person, he, who wishes to kill a horse, should be
punished by a noble person. Such a person is an enemy. He, low in
character like a dog is an enemy and must be checked by thee. I sprinkle
thee loved by all as prospector of the people. I anoint thee loved by all,
for the protection of soul and fire. I anoint thee loved by all for the
protection of air. I anoint thee loved by all, for the protection of all the
educated persons. I anoint thee loved by all, for protecting beautiful
physical objects like the Earth. ~

6. Make the best use of fire. Take medicines. Derive joy by
drinking water. Enjoy well the warmth and light of the Sun. Have
knowledge of air and vital breaths. Perform yajna in fire. Meditate
on God, the Guardian of all great objects. Respect and love your friends.
Pay homage to noble souls.

3, Just as water and fire are the source of life for all, so should a learned person be
considered as our guide and controller.

5. Useful animals like horse should not be destroyed.

I means Priest or Prohit.

prospector the supplier of future wants.

CHAPTER XXII 241

7. Reverence for him who recites the Sama Veda. Reverence for
him who has recited the Sama Veda. Reverence for the warrior who
challenges the foe. Reverence for the victor who welcomes the -learned.
Reverence for him accomplished in all actions. Reverence for the most
accomplished. Reverence for him fond of perfume. Reverence for the
perfumed. Reverence for him who builds a cantonment and resides
therein. Reverence for him who sits in a yogic posture. Reverence for
him who tears asunder the foes. Reverence for the learned guest who
keeps moving. Reverence for the elders while sitting and sleeping.
Reverence for the elders fast asleep, waking and warbling. Reverence
for a man of knowledge. Reverence for the elder yawning. Reverence
for the architect. Reverence for him who makes a collection of
curiosities. Reverence for the neighbours. Reverence for supreme
knowledge. Reverence for him who imparts knowledge.

8. Reverence to the soul that exerts, and is fleeting. Reverence to
the warrior that jumps and moves fast. Reverence to him who performs
duty promptly and is full of agility. Reverence to him who is sitting
peacefully, and him who is up and doing. Reverence to him who is speed-
minded, and is physically stout. Reverence to him who behaves promin-
ently. Reverence to him who is respected extraordinarily. Reverence
to him who controls his mental cravings, and him who is free from sin.
Reverence to him who longs to hear the sermons of the learned, and him
who listens to the word of knowledge. Reverence to the seer. Rever-
ence to him whom others want to look at, and who is closely looked at.
Reverence to him who closes his eyes in contemplation, reverence to him
who takes food in time, reverence to him who drinks when needed, and
takes due care of his urine. Reverence to him in action, and reverence
for his accomplishments.

9. O Creator of the Universe ! O All holy and worthy of adora-
tion ! May we contemplate Thy adorable Self. May thou guide our
understanding.

10. I invoke for aid, God, the Controller of luminous planets like
the Sun, etc. worthy of attainment, and the Bestower of perfect glory.

7. Yogic posture : Asana.

Learned guest : 3Tfafa, Atithi.

A person who respects the persons and topics mentioned in the verse will always remain
happy.

8* Due care of urine : The learned people should take special care of their urins 10
keep it free from sugar, albumen and phosphates, so that kidneys may work in order,

Drinks means water, milk and curd,

9, Tbjs is the Gayatrj Mantra, It occurs also in 3*35, 30*2, 36-3,

242 YAJUR VEDA

He, the Embodiment of knowledge, tells us how to distinguish between
truth and untruth. He is worthy of adoration.

11. Having meditated on the Adorable God, the Creator of the
universe, the Sentient, we acquire excellent, supreme intellect wherewith
we arrive at truth.

12. Having eulogised God the Creator of the universe, and the
Developer of intellect, we seek His gift for the seeker after wisdom, and
aspirant after knowledge.

13. For the attainment of high noble qualities, in a contemplative
mood, I eulogise the Giver, the Protector of souls devoted to truth, the
Creator of the universe, and Effulgent in nature.

14. In proximity to the Giver of happiness and the Creator of the
universe, we acquire intellect and supremacy, with that intellect we pray
for excellent glory, the benefactor of the learned.

15. Well-kindled fire carries our offerings to divine objects like
air etc. Burn with fuel such a fire indestructible in nature.

16. Oblation bearer, immortal, resplendent, eager messenger,
giver of food-grains, fire is utilised in mechanical arts and crafts.

17. I place in front the fire, that acts like an envoy in making our
mechanical works successful, that gives us food to eat, and brings us
enjoyments in this world, I instruct the learned to make its full use.

18. O purifying, pervading fire, thou hast verily manifested the sun,
moving with the force that gives life to earth and cows, and sustains all ;
and retains waters with its strength.

19. O learned persons, the fulfillers of our desires, ye are mighty
like the mother Earth, eminent like the father air, ye are the accomp-
lishers of journey, fast movers like the horse, constant travellers, acquirers
of happiness, friendly towards all, utilisers of material objects, speedy in
action, bringers of rain, sharp realisers of all things with an intelligent
mind, marchers on the foes for victory, possessors of speech that simplifies
subtle subjects, follow the path of the wise. Protect nicely this pervad-
ing fire, moistened with water, for the enjoyment of pleasures, for

15. Fire is indestructible in UF atomic state.

17. I refers to Prohit.

18. Force refers to the sun, Rain from the sun sustains cows and earth, and retains
waters.

19. Bringers of rain : Through the performance of yajnas.
Here: -ia this world.

Moistened : Water is used tq extinguish fire.

CHAPTER XXII 243

developing intellect and chastising the wicked, Here is delight. Here
enjoy pleasure. Here is contentment. 1- T ere is self-satisfaction.

20. Reverence for him who brings happiness, reverence for God
the Embodiment of joy, reverence for the king who is foremost amongst
the many. Show respect to him who makes a collection of objects, and
him who studies different sciences. Have respect for the deep-thinker,
and the protector of the subjects. Show respect to him whose mind is
contemplative, who is the master of knowledge. Have respect for the
mother Earth, for the mighty, immortal word of God, for the mother, the
supplier of happiness. Make full use of the streams. Revere the speech
full of knowledge which purifies us. Respect the noble saying of the
learned. Respect a strong man. Respect him who takes hygienic meals
for the maintenance of his vitality. Respect the preacher who sermon ; ses
and makes us spiritually strong. Have respect for the diffuser of li^ht,
for the builder of boats, for him who spreads education. Worship God.
Who creates objects of variegated forms. Pray unto the All-pervading
Providence. Meditate on Universal God, Who Self-protected, protects
others. Contemplate upon Him Who is present in every sentient being.

21. May every mortal man contract the friendship of the guiding
God. Each one solicits Him for wealth, and for strength, aspires after
fame and riches through noble deeds.

22. O God let there be born in our country the Brahmana, illus-
trious for the knowledge of the vedas ; let there be born the prince, heroic,
skilled archer, piercing the foe with shafts, mighty warrior ; the cow
giving abundant milk, the ox good at carrying burden ; the swift courser ;
the woman skilled in domestic affairs. May this sacrificer be blessed,
with sons, conquering, equipped with conveyances, civilised, young, and
heroic. May cloud send rain according to our desire ; may our fruit-
bearing trees ripen ; may acquisition and preservation of property be
secured to us.

23. Control the out-going, in-going and diffusive breaths through
yogic practices. Take care of your eyesight. Enhance your power of
hearing. Use your speech nicely, Concentrate your mind.

24. Have scientific knowledge and make use of the Eastern
Region, and its hither ward Region ; the Southern Region, and its hither-
ward Region ; the Western Region and its hitherward Region ; the
Northern Region and its hitherward Region ; the Upward Region and its
hitherward Region > the Downward Region and its hitherward Region,

24. Each region has got ^qf&n which is called hitherward region,

244 YAJUR VEDA

25. Purify, utilise, and use ordinary waters, excellent healing
waters, waters rising above in vapours through sun's heat ; standing
waters, fast flowing waters, slowly moving waters ; well-waters, rain-
waters ; tank-waters, sea-waters, waters in the ocean ; and charming and
beautiful waters.

26. Perform yajna for the purification of air ; for the purification
of misty air, for purifying fine cloud $ for purifying the cloud j for purify-
ing the dense shining cloud } for purifying the thundering lightning ; for
purifying the bursting cloud, for purifying the raining cloud, for purifying
the pouring cloud ; for purifying the violently raining cloud ; for purifying
the high cloud that has held water ; for purifying the sprinkling cloud,
for purifying the drizzling cloud ; for purifying the clouds that rain
cats and dogs ; for purifying the thundering clouds; and for purifying
the hoar-frost.

27. Improve your digestive faculty j make full use of efficacious
juices. Elevate your soul. Till the soil. Enjoy the firmament, and
light in the sky. Utilise the quarters and subquarters. Understand the
significance of the upward region, and the downward region.

28. Perform yajna for indestructible objects and for their assem-
blage ; for day and night, for the half months ; for the months ; for the
seasons and for the objects produced in them and for the year to derive
happiness, Perform yajna for the purification of Heaven and Earth ;
for the Moon, for the Sun, and his rays. Perform yajna for the better-
ment of the Vasus, the Rudras and the Adityas. Perform yajna for
purifying the airs ; for the acquisition of noble qualities, for improving
the roots and branches of forest trees, flowers, fruits and herbs.

29. Perform yajna for the improvement of the Earth, the Firma-
ment, the sky, the Sun, the Moon and the Stars.

Perform yajna for the improvement of waters, herbs and forest trees.
Perform yajna for meteors, animate and inanimate things, and things that
creep and crawl for our comfort.

30. Perform yajna for the purification of vital breaths ; the soul

28. Vasus : Eight forces of nature or Vasu Brahmcharis observing celibacy for
24 years.

Rudras : Ten vital breaths, and soul, or Rudra Brahmcharis observing celibacy for 36
years.

Adityas : Twelve months of the year, or Aditya Brahmcharis observing celibacy for
48 years.

Assemblage : Collectively. Ail indestructible objects taken together.

CHAPTER XXII 245

that resides in the body, the pervading air, the Sun, the lightning, the
air that protects multitudes of objects, for the hero who chastises the
wicked, for the king, for acquiring strength, for the reptiles, for gold, for
light of the Sun, Moon and stars ; for keeping the thieves under control,
and for the Sun that nourishes the day.

31. Perform yajna to make comfortable and pleasant the month
Chetra (March-April), the Baisakh (April-May), the Jeshtha, (May-June),
the Asharh (June-July), the Shravan (July-August), the Bhadra (August-
September), the Aswin (September-Octobar), the Kartika (October-
November), the Margshish (November-December), the Paush (December-
January), the Magh (January-February), the Phalgun (February-March),
the thirteenth or intercalary month.

32. Produce good foodstuffs. Manufacture articles. Protect the
foodstuffs produced. Develop intellect and perform noble deeds. Arrange
for comforts. Purify your head. Don't waste your semen. Exert for
final beatitude. Worship God, the final living entity in the universe.
Adore God, the Protector of the world. Serve God, the Preacher of the
Vedas to humanity. Pray to God, the Protector of all created beings.

33. May life be devoted to the service of God, the learned and the
spread of knowledge in a noble manner. May breath improve through
yoga and physical practices. May downward breath, diffusive breath,
upward breath, digestive breath, improve through necessary precautions.
May vision, hearing, speech, mi ad, soul, the master of the four Vedas,
light of knowledge and happiness, and questionings advance through
sacrifice performed in a right way.

May God be pleased with us through sacrifice performed in a spirit
of devotion.

34. Worship one God. Have knowledge of Cause and Effect, Please
hundreds of souls. Practise hundred and one trades. Acquire the power
to burn down sins. Attain to final beatitude full of happiness.

31. Intercalary month : TOiflU Inserted in the twelve months, so called because
during that month religious ceremonies are not performed.

33. *?rt! & I^STft I SMO 13-3-2-1.

Prishtha may mean season as well. Swami D&yananda has translated the word as subtle
questionings.

CHAPTER XXIII

1. God is the Creator of the universe, its one Lord, the Sustainer of
luminous objects like the sun. He was present before the creation of the
world. He sustains this Earth and the Sun in past, present and future.
Let us worship with self dedication of our soul, Him, the Embodiment of
happiness.

2. O God, Thou art realisable through yoga. I serve Thee and
accept Thee as Protector of the King who takes care of his subjects. This
primordial matter and the Sun testify to Thy Greatness. Thy Majesty is
discernible in the day and year. Thy Majesty is seen in the wind and
firmament. Thy Majesty is traceable in the luminous Sun. For all that,
for Thy protecting greatness and for the learned persons, we always sing
praises.

3. God by His grandeur is the sole Ruler of the moving world that
breathes and slumbers. He is the Sovereign Lord of these men and cattle.
Let us worship with devotion, Him, the Embodiment of happiness.

4. O God Thou art realisable through yoga. I serve Thee and accept
Thee as Protector of the king who takes care of his subjects. This water
and moon testify to Thy greatness. Thy Majesty is seen in the night and
year. Thy Majesty is found in the Earth and fire. Thy Majesty is dis-
cernible in the immortal worlds and the moon. For all that, for Thy
protecting greatness and for the learned persons, we always sing praises.

5. They, who unite their souls with God, Who pervades all station-
ary objects, and protects the vital parts of our body; shine in Him like
beams in the Sun,

6. Just as experts yoke to the chariot two beautiful horses, con-
trolled with difficulty and through diverse devices; tawny, stout, our
bearers from one place to the other, so do the yogis yoke their organs of
sense, mind, and vital breaths to God.

7. O laudable learned person, just as artisans control the beautiful
diffused form of electricity, swift like the wind, and erect electrical con-
trivances worked with water, so do ye prepare with the aid of electricity
a fast moving machine, that takes us from one place to the other.

2. Day and year : The regularity of time, the rising and setting of the sun in time all
the year round, indicate the Majesty of God.

CHAPtER XXIII 24?

8. O king, the protector of his subjects, the Vasus approach thee
with Vedic verses in Gayatri Metre, Rudras approach thee with verses
in Trishtup metre, Adityas approach thee with verses in Jagati
metre, eat thou this food, O learned people eat ye this food pre-
pared from barley and cow's milk and its products, and move on Earth,
Ether, Heaven, and distinct planets moving in their orbits,

9. Who moveth singly and alone ? Who is brought forth to life
again ? What is the remedy of cold ? What is the vast field for
production ?

10. The Sun moves singly and alone. The Moon is brought to life
again. Fire is the remedy of cold. The Earth is the vast field for
production.

11. What is the primary thought? What is the bird of mighty
size ? What is the majestic beautiful thing ? What absorbs light ?

12. Rain is the primary thought. Fire is like the mighty bird,
Earth is the majestic, beautiful object that protects us with corn. Night
absorbs light.

13. O student, may air help thee with cooked viands, black-necked
fire with powers of digestion, fig tree with clouds, Shalmali tree with its
increase. May the stallion, that moves on the roads the chariot, bestower
of happiness come unto thee on his four feet. May the learned scholar of
the four Vedas, free from the darkness of ignorance fill us with virtues.
May we offer him food.

14. Body is strengthened through penance, warm like the sun's
rays. Organs are also strengthened through penance. Vital breaths
are invigorated through penance. A learned yogi advances spiritually
through the attainment of love for God.

15. O seeker after knowledge, thyself strengthen the body, thyself
walk in the company of the learned, and thyself serve them. Let not thy
greatness be marred by any one.

16. O Soul thou art immortal and indestructible. By fair paths

8. Vasus, Rudras and Adityas are the learned persons observing celibacy for 24, 36 and
48 years.

9-12. In 9th and 10th, and llth, 12th verses there are questions and answers.

13. Shalmali The silk-cotton tree. A lofty and thorny tree with red flowers. It is
called <WT tree.

Black-necked : Fire with its dark smoke.

Four feet : with full ipeed,

248 YAJUR VEDA

thou cultivatest noble qualities. May the resplendent God place thee
in that place t where the godly yogis dwell, and derive pleasure.

17. O seeker after knowledge, in this world, fire is a thing of
beauty. Just as learned persons perform yajnas with it, so shouldst thou
do. Just as a learned person masters this beautiful place of sacrifice, so
shouldst thou do. If thou wilt properly manage the place of yajna, fire
will manifest itself as a thing worth seeing. Drink thou the waters puri-
fied by the yajna.

Air is a thing of beauty. Just as learned persons perform yajnas
with it, so shouldst thou do. Just as a learned person masters the atmos-
phere, the home of air, so shouldst thou do. If thou wilt master the
atmosphere, air will look as a beautiful thing. Breathe thou the air puri-
fied by the yajna. Sun is a thing of beauty. The learned perform yajnas
with its aid. Just as a learned person acquires full knowledge about the
sun, so shouldst thou do. If thou wilt do it, sun will appear as a beauti-
ful thing unto thee. Enjoy thou the beams of the sun purified through
the yajna, and reigning in the universe.

18. O mother, grandmother, great-grandmother, I cannot be sub-
dued by a man, who, though he be quick like a horse, and in full posses-
sion of wealth, the bringer of good furtune, and sustainer of an ease-
loving person, but lies in idle slumber. I utter truthful speech for the
sustenance of vital breath. I use instructive speech for warding off
misery. I speak the truth for the preservation of my soul that pervades
the body.

19. O God, we invoke Thee, the troop-lord of troops. We invoke
Thee, the Lord of the beloved ones. We invoke Thee, the Lord of the
treasure of knowledge. O God, all beings reside in Thee. Thou art my
judge. I know Thee full well free from birth, the Sustainer of Matter
that keeps the universe in its womb. Thou knowest Matter.

20. The King and his subjects in unison, magnify the four stages

18. One should never lapse into idleness, though he be the master of wealth. A
wealthy person should be active and enterprising.

20. Dharma : Law, custom, piety, duty, justice, merit, character, the soul.

Artha : Worldly prosperity.

Kama : Affection, object of desire.

Moksha : Liberation, deliverance.

Griffith has not translated the 10 verses 20-29 saying that these stanzas are not
reproducible even in the semi-obscurity of a learned European language ; and stanzas 30, 31
would be unintelligible without them.

Ubbat and Mahidhar have translated the?e stanzas in an obscene language unfit for
reproduction. Swami Payananda has given to the world their correct interpretation,

CHAPTER XXIII 249

of Dharma, Arth, Kama, Moksha, wherewith they reside happily in their

country. The King, the chastiser of the wicked, full of knowledge, the
possessor of strength and prowess, lends valour to his subjects.

21 O powerful King, punish the immoral person residing amongst
women, and the degraded woman living amongst men, with feet upwards,
and head downwards 5 spread happiness amongst your people, and est-
ablish your well established reign of justice.

22. The King establishes his rule over his subjects, which aspiring
after happiness, acquire it bit by bit. His subjects are weak like the tiny
sparrow. He realises land revenue from the people to be spent on their
advancement.

23. O harmless King, don't utter untruth before us. Let not thy
tongue utter meaningless words like a prattler. A King who has got no
control over his tongue will be extirpated like a weak sparrow, and de-
frauded by his subjects.

24. O king, thy forbearing and loving mother, and thy father
brilliant and nourishing like the sun, rule over the prosperity and riches
of the sovereignty of this mundane universe. Thy father has beautified
his rule for his subjects. I, as his subect, do love him dearly.

25. O master of all the four vedas, thy mother patient like the
Earth, and thy father shining like the Sun, enjoy with knowledge and
grandeur the mastery of the universe. Thy mouth is eager to speak, but
thou shouldst not talk much.

26. O king, like the man taking a load up to the mountain, always
lift up these excellent subjects of thine full of sovereign wealth.

Having acquired these precious subjects attain to prosperity, just
as an agriculturist in a cool breeze separates corn from the chaff and
improves physically by its use.

27. O learned persons among the subjects, elevate this king in all
administrative designs, as a labourer takes a load up to the mountain.
Having thus contributed to the prosperity of the State, aspire after pure
deeds, like the corn purified in a cool breeze.

28. The king and officials, who contribute to the grandeur of their
subjects in part or full, and both make them energetic, tremble when they
unjustly realise taxes from them, just as tiny fishes tremble in the
water below the cow's hooves,

25. A learned person should not talk much without purpose. He should follow the
maxim 'Speech is silver, silence is gold.' Too much talking is not a sign of wisdom.

250 YAJUR VEDA

29. Just as we distinguish between man and woman from their
organs, so we realise truth from visible evidence. Learned persons with
the help of truth acquire humility and their desired objects.

30. A licentious king who squeezes money out of his subjects, like
the deer who destroys the barley field, cannnot see his people thrive. A
Shudra maid-servant who has got illicit connection with her master, does
not desire the progress of her family.

31. A King, who destroys his subjects, like the deer the barley
field, cannot see his people thrive.

A Shudra servant who has got illicit connection with his mistress,
does not desire the progress of his family.

32. I sing the praise of God, obtainable by him who deeply medi-
tates upon Him, the Remover of miseries, and full of splendour. May He
strengthen our vital breaths, and prolong the days we have to live.

33. O King, may the vedic verses in Gayatri, Trishtup, Jagati,
Anushtup, Pankti, Brihati, Ushni, Kakup and metres uttered by the
subjects, pacify thee.

34. O King may the two-footed, four-footed, three-footed, six-footed
metrical divisions, with different metres or one uniform metre, uttered by
the subjects pacify thee.

31. A king who plunders and teases his subjects, is like the deer who eats barley in the
field, and doesn't allow it grow.

Similarly the King who impoverishes and destroys his subjects is like the male servant
who violates the chastity of his mistress, and thereby nullifies her dignity, fame and wealth.

33. Gayatri :- that protects the singer.

Trishtup:- that protects u? from mental, material and natural afflictions.

Jagati :- Diffused like the earth.

Anushtup'- Whereby worldly afflictions are warded off.

Ushnik:- Whereby we sing early in the morning.

Brihati :- Full of deep significance. *

Kakup'- Full with the meaning of elegant stanzas.

ftsfli^Ri: I WTo 13-2-10-2.

Suchi means subjects. Suchi means needle, just as a needle sews and join c together the broken
parts of a cloth, so do there verses concentrate the mind of seeker after knowledge on God.

34. Dvipada:- Brahmcharis, Chatushpada :- Grihasthis.
Tripada:- Vanprasthis.

Shatpada;- Seekers after emancipation, Moksha.

Vichhanda :- Self sacrificing.

Satchhanda:- Equipped with special spiritual resources.

The verse may also mean :- May the Brahmcharis, Grihasthis, Vanprasthis, Sanyaais, the
aspirers after Moksha, self sacrificing perrons and those equipped with special spiritual
resources pacify thee.

CHAPTER XXIII 251

35. May the Mahanamni and Revati vcdic verses, all far spread
Supreme Regions, the lightning in the cVuds, and the voices uttered by the
subjects, satisfy the king. t

36. O learned teachress, the girls, who with sharp intellect, obey
thy order, become the wives of learned persons. O unmarried girl, the
wives of learned persons, \Uio through careful inspection learn the art of
cooking, pure like the regions, grant thee knowledge and peace.

37. Affectionate, fascinating amorous wives, well trained in domestic
economy, according to religious rites, are united for life with powerful
husbands full of noble qualities, and placed under their protection. May
they tranquil and peaceful, bound by the ties of affection, enjoy life.

38. O King, just as farmers reap the barley-corn, winnow and
protect it ; so shouldst thou arrange for food for those engaged in the
contemplation of God.

39. O student, who admonishes thee ? Who imparts thee sound
instruction ? Who pacifies thy organs ? Who is thy teacher who is well
versed in religious lore and performs the ya jnas ?

40. May the truly learned persons, bestowersof peace, give necess-
ary instructions for rearing the subjects. O people, may they pacify ye
by means of King's dignity, and peaceful expedients.

41. O King, may day and night, half months and months, affording
felicity, adorn the different periods of thy life. May the learned remove
thy doubt.

42. O male and female students, may the learned teachers and
preachers give ye special instructions ;and thereby eliminate your weak-
nesses. May they examine each joint of your limbs. May your mother
and other female relations bound in the ties of affection, give ye similar
instructions.

43. O female student or mistress, may Sky, Earth, Space, Air, Sun
and Moon with the stars of heaven, appease each organ of thine, grant
success to thy undertaking ; and prepare a nice, true, beautiful world for
thee.

44. O student just as the Earth contributes to the walfare of vital
and minor organs of thy body, thy bones and marrow, so thy teachers with
their qualities, actions and noble nature add to thy pleasure.

35. Mahanamnis :- Whose name is great : nine verses of the Samaveda in Sakvari
metre.

Revatis J- Verses from which the Raivata Saman is formed, so named from Rig Veda
I. 30. 13 in which the word revati, splendid, or wealthy, occurs,

252 YAJUR VEDA

45. Who moveth singly and alone ? Who is brought forth to life
again ? What is the remedy of cold ? What is the vast field for pro-
duction.

46. The sun moves singly and alone. The moon is brought to life
again. Fire is the remedy of cold. Earth is the vast field for production.

47. What lustre is like the sun's light ? What lake is equal to
the sea ? What is more spacious than the Earth ? What thing is that
which is beyond measure.

48. God is lustre like the sun. Heaven is a flood to match the sea.
Sun is vaster than the Earth. Beyond all measure is speech.

49. O God, Friend of the learned I ask, for information, if Thou in
spirit hast pervaded the universe. Is this created world contained in the
three steps in which Vishnu is worshipped ?

50. I pervade those three steps in which resides the whole of this
universe. This Earth and Heaven I encircle in a moment with a part of
My might. Even beyond Heaven am I.

51. What are the things which God hath entered in? What are the
things which God hath contained within Him ? This riddle we propose
to thee, O knower of the vedas 5 whereby we become great. Pray tell us
what mystery lies in it.

52. Within five things hath God found entrance. These things
hath God within Him established, O questioner, this is the thought
which I return in answer. Though thou art wise, yet thou art not my
superior in wisdom.

53. O learned person, I ask of thee.

What is accumulated in time without beginning ? What is the
great source of creation ? What is the majestic thing ?

What absorbs the bodies.

45-46. See 23-9, 10. The repetition of these verses is not clear, No commentator has
explained it.

49. Vishnu God who permeates all objects.

There steps : Creation, sustenance, and Dissolution; or Earth, Space, and Sky, or
name, birth and place.

50. I :-God.

Three steps .'Birth, name and place.

51. Whereby : with the knowledge or solution of which riddle,

52. Five Things : Five elements, Water, Air, Fire, Earth, and space.

53. The verse is the same as 23-11 but the interpretation is different,

CHAPTER XXIII 253

54. O questioner, know that, lightning is accumulated in the
beginning. Intellect is the source of creation. Matter is the majestic
thing. Dissolution absorbs all bodies.

55. O learned person, what appears and disappears again and
again ? Who eats the corn-fields again and again ? What moves with
rapid spring and bound again and again ? What glides and winds along
the path of water ?

56. O questioner know, that eternal matter resolves the world in
itself at the time of dissolution, Porcupine destroys the corn-fields.
Like hare the air moves with leaps and bounds. Cloud creeps winding
on the path.

57. How many supports hath this world got ? How many are the
means of its creation ? How many things are worth bartering ? How
many things kindle knowledge ? How many Hotas worship in due
season ? O learned fellow, here I ask thee of the knowledge of these
subjects.

58. This world has got six seasons as its supports. Hundreds of
things like water etc. are the means of its creation. Countless things are
worth using and bartering. Three things kindle knowledge. Seven Hotas
perform yajna in due season.

O questioner I explain to thee these different topics of knowledge.

59. Who knoweth the paramount lord of this world ?

Who knoweth the Heaven, the Earth, and the wide space between
them?

Who knoweth the creator of the mighty Sun ? Who knoweth the
Moon, and whence she was generated ?

60. O questioner I know the paramount Lord of this world. I
know the Heaven, the Earth, and the wide space between them. I know

54. Intellect :~*

Dissolution HOT

The verse is the same as 23-12 but the interpreation is different.

57. This world has been described as a king of yajna.

58. Three things :- Spiritual, physical and natural objects (Dayananda) ; or child-
hood, manhood and old age ; or fire, lightning and sun ; or summer, winter, and rainy season.

Seven Hotas : -Five breaths, mind and soul according to Swami Dayananda's interpre-
tation. Some consider seven rays of the sun as seven Hotas, some commentators interpret
seven breaths in the head as seven Hotas.

1 ; a learned person.

60. Matter is the material and God the efficient cause of the universe. God has
created the Sun and the Moon.

254 YAJUR VEDA

the efficient and physical causes of the mighty Sun. I know the Moon,
and her Creator

61. I ask thee of Earth's extremest limit, Where is the centre of
the world, I ask thee ? I ask thee of the strength of the powerful stout
person. I ask of the highest space where speech abideth.

62. This equator is the Earth's extremest limit. This Adorable
God imbued with qualities is the controller of the world. This effica-
cious Soma, the King of medicines is the strength of a stout person.
This master of all the four vedasis the highest abode for vedic speech.

63. God, Who his produced the Sun, is Excellent, and Self-Exis-
tent, the First within the mighty world. He lays down the timely
embryo. All should worship Him.

64. O charitably disposed person, just as a learned recipient, with
the grandeur of his supremacy, worships the Lord of the Universe,
pleases Him through service, and drinks the essence of medicinal herbs,
so shouldst thou worship Him and drink the juice of medicinal herbs.

65. O God, none besides thee, comprehendest all these created
forms. Give us our heart's desire when we invoke thee. May we be
lords of rich possessions, and knowledge.

62. Pt. Jai Chand, Vidya Alankar interprets Soma as the forces of nature like the sum
fire, air, lightning, etc. which constitute the strength of the Mighty, Omnipresent God. Ha
interprets qwp as Mighty, and W9 as Omnipresent God. Rishi Dayananda translates $ft: as
equator, but Pt. Jai Chand Vidya Alankar and Griffith translate the word as alter,

CHAPTER XXIV

1. Horse, violent goat, forest cow possess the qualities of the sun.
A black-necked beast, excellent amongest the beasts, has the qualities
of fire.

An ewe possesses the qualitities of speech and lives amongst the
beasts, like tongue between the jaws. Two goats white-coloured in the
lower parts of the body, resembling two arms possess the qualities of day
and night.

A dark-coloured beast possesses the qualities of the sun and moon,
and is considered as a navel amongst the beasts.

White and dark-coloured beasts, possess the qualities of the sun and
air. They act as sides amongst the beasts.

Beasts with abundance of hair possess the qualities of Twashta. They
are like thighs amongst the beasts. A white beast possesses the qualities
of air, and is like tail amongst the beasts.

A cow that slips her calf is imbued with the qualities of Indra, the
doer of noble deeds.

A beast dwarfish in size belongs to Vishnu.

2. The red goat, the smoky red, the jujube-red, these belong
to Soma.

The brown, the ruddy brown, the parrot-brown, these beasts belong
to Varuna. One with white ear holes, one with partly white, one with
wholly white, belong to Savita. Beasts with white, partly white, wholly
white arms belong to Brihaspati Beasts speckled with spots, with small
spots, with big spots, belong to Pran and Udan.

3. The bright haired, the wholly bright haired, the jewel-haired
beasts possess the qualities of the sun and moon. The white, the white-
eyed, the reddish beasts, possess the qualities of fire, the protector of cattle.
Beasts of burden possess the qualities of air. Beasts with heavy limbs

Vishnu : One occupying a high position.

1. The exact significance of these animals being attached to the forces of nnture is not
clear to me,

Twashta : Who kills the enemy's forces with warlike instruments.

2. Belong to : Possess the qnalities of. *
Brihaspati ' fatftf, lightning.

Belong to Varuna : Are excellent.

Savita ;- Sun. Those animals possess the qualities o! the sun.

2S6 YAJUR VEDA

possess the qualities of vital breaths. Sky-coloured beasts belong to
the cloud.

4. Speckled, transversely speckled, upward speckled beasts belong
to the Marutas. The beasts fond of fruits, red-haired, sharp-eyed belong
to Saraswati.

The beasts having ears like spleen, dry ears, golden ears belong to
Twashta. The black-necked, the white-flanked, the bulky-thighed beasts
belong to Indra and Agni. Beasts with faltering, feeble, fast gaits belong
to the Dawn.

5. The beautiful beasts useful in arts, belong to the all-gods.
Beasts used for riding and protected by three agencies belong to vak.
The unknown baasts belong to Aditi. Beasts of the same colour belong
to their protector. Tender-aged goats and sheep possess the qualities of
consorts of the gods.

6. Black necked animals possess the qualities of fire. White
browed animals possess the qualities of Vasus. Red coloured animals
possess the qualities of Rudras. Bright animals who prevent others from
going astray possess the qualities of Adityas. Water coloured animals
possess the qualities of clouds.

7. The tall, the sturdy, the animals with distorted organs possess
the qualities of electricity and air. Animals possessing the strength of
arms that cut and shear things, and delicate back, possess the qualities of
air and sun. The parrot-coloured, fast, variegated animals possess the
qualities of fire and air. Dark-coloured possess the qualities of a cloud.

8. These two-coloured animals possess the qualities of air and
lightning. Animals with distorted organs and the oxen possess the
qualities of Soma and fire, and fire and air. Barren cows possess the quali-
ties of Pran and Udan. Partly variegated animals possess the qualities of
a friend.

9. Black-necked animals possess the qualities of fire. Animals with
brown colour like that of an ichneumon possess the qualities of Soma.

4. Marutas : Air.
Saraswati : Speech.
Twashta : Sun.

Indra, Agni : Air and lightning.

5. Three agencies : Father, mother and instructor.
Aditi :-The Earth. *

Vak-speech.

6. Vasus eight in number, eleven Rudras, and Adityas, the twelve months have already
been explained. Vasus, Rudras, and Adityas also mean Brahmcharis.

CHAPTER JCXtV 25?

White Animals belong to air. The undistinguished animals posssess the
qualities of Earth. Animals of the same colour, possess the qualities of
air. Tender-aged calves belong to the protective forces of the Sun.

10. Black animals used for ploughing the land belong to the Earth.
Smoke coloured animals belong to the Firmament. Animals with good
nature, actions, and habits, tall in size, and whitish belong to the Lightn-
ing. Animals conducive to bliss alleviate our sufferings.

11. Man should wear smoke-coloured clothes in Spring, white in
Summer; black in the Rains; red in Autumn; bulky in Winter; reddish-
yellow in the Dewy Season.

12. Animals protected in the three stages of life belong to the
Gayatri metre. Animals well protected with five vital breaths belong
to the Trishtup. Beasts of burden belong to Jagati. Grown up animals
belong to the Anushtup. The aged beasts belong to Ushnih.

13. Animals who carry burden on the back belong to the virat.
Full grown bulls belong to the Brihati. Strong bulls belong to the Kakup.
Bulls who carry the cart belong to the Pankti. Milch cows belong to the
Atichhand.

14. Black-necked animals belong to Agni. Brown animals are calm
by nature. Mixed-coloured belong to Savita. Weaned she-kids belong
to Saraswati. Dark-coloured belong to cloud which brings rain. Cows
full of milk belong to the agriculturists. Many coloured animals belong
to the learned. All glittering substances belong to the Heaven and
Earth.

15 These animals who move nicely, have been described. They
belong to Indra and Agni. The animals who plough the land and pull
carts belong to Varuna. The speckled animals resemble man in nature.
The violent animals belong to Prajapati.

16. A learned person should secure first class high souled, highly
educated persons for the commander of the army. For persons who observe
celibacy and are affectionate, he should secure men born in virtuous
surrounding. For wise householders, he should secure aged persons. For
laudable, sportive pleasure-loving persons, he should secure well-merited

12. Three stages -childhood, youth and old age.

Gayatri, Trishtup, Jagati, Anushtup and Ushnih are names of Metres. Their connec-
tion with animals is not clear to me.

13. Belong to :-are like.

Virat, Brihati, Kakup, Pankti, Atichband are the names of metres,

14. Saraswati ; -Goddess of Speech.

258 YAJUR VEDA

associates. For the self-strong independent persons, he should secure
willing followers.

17. These paths have been mentioned in which roam the animals
belonging to air and lightning; those with beautiful horns belonging to
Mahendra, the many-coloured belonging to Vishvakarma.

18. The animals of peace-loving parents are smoke-coloured and of
brownish hue. The animals of parents who sit in the assembly for per-
forming yajnas are brown and smoky-looking. The animals of parents
who know the science of fire are black and brownish-looking.

The animals of the learned who know the three forces are black
and bulky.

19. O men, bring into use the pre-mentioned agricultural animals,
and white animals possessing the qualities of air, and white animals
shining like the sun.

20. An expert in the knowledge of animals finds Kapinjalasin
spring ; sparrows in summer ; partridges in the Rains ; quails in Autumn ;
Kakras in Winter ; Vikakras in the Dewy season.

21. An expert in the knowledge of watery beings, finds porpoises in
the sea, frogs after rains, fishes in water, ducks outside water for sunshine,
crocodiles in deep water.

22. An expert in the knowledge of birds finds geese revelling in
moonshine ; female cranes near fire ; water-crows in the sun ; ruddy geese
loving each other.

23. An expert in the knowledge of birds finds cocks enjoying the
warmth of fire ; owls sitting on fruitless trees ; blue jays enjoying the sun
and Soma ; peacocks sun and moon ; pigeons fond of affection and mutual
liking.

24. An expert in the science of birds finds quails for affluence ;

17* Mahendra : Animals possessing the qualities of a powerful King.

Vishvakarma : An expert engineer.
18. Three forces : God, Soul. Matter.
20. Kapinjalas : -Health-cocks, or francolins.
Kakras, Vikakras : Special unidentified birds.
Birds have connection with seasons, in which they revel and enjoy.
22. Chakravakas : chakwa, chackwi, well-known for mutual love.

24. Kaulikas, Kulikas, Parushnas are unidentified birds.

Gaushadis : Birds who sit on the backs of the cows and eat the germs which destroy the
cows, and thus protect them.

25, Sichapus-unidentified bird.

A bat sees more vividly and eats in the joints of Day and Night. For the rest of time it
is rather blind.

CHAPTER XXIV 259

Kaulikas for fame $ Goshadis for the Consorts of the learned ; Kulikas
for the sisters of learned ; Parushnas for Lord of the Homestead, behaving
like fire.

25. An expert in the science of time should study pigeons in the
beginning of the day ; sichapus in the night ; bats in the morning and
evening, gallinules for the knowledge of months, birds with beautiful
feathers for realizing the beauty of the year,

26. An expert in the science of Earth should study rats for under-
standing the nature of ground ; birds who fly in groups, for firmament ;
voles for light ; mungooses for the quarters ; brownish ichneumons for the
intermediate spaces.

27. An expert in the knowledge of animals should secure black-
bucks for Vasu Brahmcharis ; stags for Rudra Brahmcharis : Nayanku
deer for Aditya Brahmcharis ; spotted deer for all the learned ; Kulinga
antelopes for yogis engrossed in meditation.

28. Praswan deer should be secured for the wealthy ; Gaur deer for
the friend ; buffaloes for the most prosperous ; forest cows for the guar-
dian of the virtuous 5 camels for the artisans.

29. For the service of the king valiant soldiers and elephants
should be secured; white ants for eloquence; mosquitoes for sight, black
bees for hearing

30. For swiftness like a king and air Gomriga should be known; a
wild ram for an excellent person; a black deer for the Lord of Justice; a
monkey for the king; a red doe for the tiger; a female Goyal for a
civilized person, a quail for the swift falcon ; a worm for the Nilangu, a
porpoise for the sea; an elephant for the snowy mountain.

31. A despicable person belongs to the king; the tiny worm, the
lion, the cat belong to one given to mental abstraction: the heron
belongs to the quarters; the female bird named Dhunksha possesses the
qualities of fire; sparrow, red snake, and the bird residing in the tank
belong to Twashta (sun), the curlew belongs to speech.

27. Five different kinds of deer are mentioned in the verse. Their skins serve as seats
(Asan) for the Brahmcharis. the learned and the yogis.

28. Camels are beasts of burden. They carry loads in the desert where no other
conveyance is serviceable

30. In some cases connection between the animals and other animate and inanimate
objects mentioned in this verse and previous verses is not clear*

A king is compared to a monkey, as he is irascible and rash in nature like a monkey.
Nilangu : said to be a species of worm; perhaps a tape-worm.
Gomriga : an animal that purifies the earth.
Goyal ; Female Nilgaya

260 YAJUR VEDA

32. An antelope should be had for prosperity; wild goat, mungoose,
saka (a strong animal) are meant for the powerful; an ordinary jackal is
subservient to a superior jackal; white deer is meant for a wealthy person,
Pidva> Nayanku, Kakkat are for Anumati; the chakravaka (ruddy goose)
is for the Echo.

33. The female crane belongs to the sun; Sarga, Srijaya, Sayandaka,
these three belong to breath, the human-voiced female parrot belongs
to the stream; the porcupine belongs to the ground; tiger, wolf, viper
belong to anger; the human voiced parrot belongs to the sea.

34. The eagle belongs to the cloud; the Aati, the serpent, the
wood-pecker, these are for air ; the Paingraja is for Brihaspati; the Alaja
belongs to the Firmament; pelican, cormorant, fish, these belong to the
ocean ; the tortoise belongs to the Heaven and Earth.

35. The buck that purifies men belongs to the moon; iguana,
kaalakaa, wood pecker, these belong to the trees; the cock belongs to the
sun; the swan belongs to air; crocodile, dolphin, and watery birds, these
belong to the sea; the porcupine to modesty.

36. The black-doe belongs to the day; frog, female-rat, partridge,
these belong to the serpents; the jackal belongs to the Aswinsj the black
buck to the night; bear, bat, sushilikaa, these helong to the other folk; the
pole-cat belongs to vishnu.

37. The cuckoo belongs to the Half Months ; antelope, peacock,
swan are meant for the musicians ; the other is an aquatic being ; the

32. Saka -.-variously explained as bird, fly, long eared beast, Fidva, Nayanku. Kakkat
are the names of different kinds of deer.

Anumati -Divine favour personified.

Echo:-because the male and female chakravakas are condemned to pass the night on the
opposite banks of a river, incessantly calling to each other.

33. Saarga (TfT^F) the bird Cucculus melanolencous, said to subsist on rain drops.

34. Brihaspati .-Thundering lightning. The birds and beasts whose names are left
untranslated in this and the following verses are unidentified. Ignana means lizard,

35. Belongs to :-possesses the qualities of, is related to.
Kaalakaa :-A black bird.

36. As wins ;-Agni and Soma.

Other Folk :-Low despicable people, besides the noble and virtuous. Bear is cruel in
nature and being a beast is without tail. Bat is neither a bird nor a beast. Sushilikaa being
a bird lives in a den. These beasts and birds, being low are like the degraded people.

37. Kundrinachi ; a forest femalebeast.
Golattikaa : a special female beast.

The voice of an antelope is Rishbha, of peacock Shataja, of Swan Panchma, Musicians
follow the voices of these animals and learn music.

CHAPTER XXIV 261

tortoise belongs to the Months ; doe-antelope kundrirachi, Golattikaa
belong to the beam of the sun ; the black snake belongs to death.

38. The frog belongs to the seasons ; the rat, the kasha, the
Manthal, these are the guardians ; the python is for strength ; Kapinjala
is for the Vasus ; pigeon, owl, hare are the harbingers of adversity ; the
wild ram serves as as example for the person trying to remove the foe,

39. The diverse coloured animal belongs to the Adityas (months)
the camel, the Ghriniwan, the big goat are for thought ; Nil-Gaya
is for the forest ; the Ruru named deer is Rudra's ; Kvayi, cock, gallinule
possess the qualities of horses ; the cuckoo belongs to Passion.

40. Rhinoceros serves all warriors in preparing their shield; the
black dog, the long-eared ass, the hyena are used for protection, against
the demons ; the boar is for the king who wants to tear asunder the foes,
the lion is swift like air ; the chameleon, the Pippaka the vultures are
used for making arrows ; the spotted antelope is used for preparing
mrigshalas (seats of the deer's skin) for all the learned people.

38. A wild ram gives a severe fight to the opponent, so a brave man should give fight to
the foe and extirpate him. Where owl, pigeon and hare reside, that place soon becomes
deserted and dilapidated.

Kapinjala : A white bird,

39. Ghriniwan ; a strong animal of a special species, Cuckoo is the favourite bird of
cupid, the God of love. Her voice (supposed to say Pi Kahan, Where is my darling ?) is
chiefly heard in spring.

40. Hippaka : A female bird. Chameleon means lizard, In this chapter mention has
been made of beasts, birds, reptiles, forest animals, watery beings and worms. Learned persons
should study their qualities and make the best possible use of them.

CHAPTER XXV

1. Learn from teeth the act of biting; from gums the method of
protection ;from tooth-sockets the way of pounding; sharpness from fangs.
Use the tongue-tip for a learned utterance ; learn the act of uprooting
from the tongue , the use of palate by crying slowly ; chew food with both
the jaws ; drink waters with the mouth. Acquire the knowledge of oozing
semen from testicles. Recognise the Aditya Brahmcharis from their
beard ; know the path from eyebrows ; know the Sun and Earth from
their motion ; lightning from the pupils of eyes. Observe celibacy for the
protection of semen, acquire knowledge through high character. Objects
worth acceptance are worthy of preservation. Objects after one's desire
should not be resisted. Don't show disrespect to your own men. Friends
and relatives should be fostered.

2. Fill air with thy Pran ; empty the nostrils with Apan ; with upper
and lower lips observe restraint, silence and control ; with the light of
knowledge purify thy soul ; with the practice of cleanliness purify thy ex-
terior body ; reflect upon God with thy head ; by constant thinking create
your doubt to know the truth : understand with thy brain the internal
fire ; receive full light with the pupils of thy eyes : advance hearing with
thy ears ; strengthen thy external ears with the internal organs of hearing ;
eat food with thy lower throat ; drink water with thirsty throat ; streng-
then thy mind with practices of knowledge ; develop indestructible
wisdom with thy head ; attain to mother Earth through death, with your
ragged head ; improve your vital breaths through loud roaring ; remove
the disease of ignorance with full might.

3. Keep mosquitoes away with the whisk of hair. Realise soul and

2. Pran : Ingoing breath.
Apan : Outgoing breath.

Ragged head -.When one's head loses vitality and consciousness, he dies, and is reduced
to earth through cremation.

The words (fanr *g*fr) have been interpreted as 'Kill the violent enemy with violence,
by Pt. Jai Dev Vidya Alankar. Vedic religion generally praches non-violence or Ahinsa,
but on certain occasions for self-preservation and protecting the chastity of womenfolk it
sanctions the use of violence. This interpretation is in keeping with the spirit of the vedas.

3. Just as fishermen catch tortoises with a net offering them some bait ; so the services
of the learned should be acquired by offering them tempting remuneration.

As with hoofs attack animals, so an enemy should be attacked with full force.
Just as fiihermen catch with fetters small watery birds like kapinjalas, so the learned
persons should be acquired by arranging for their livelihood.

CrtAPf ER XXV 63

God through noble deeds. Approach the learned preceptor in a convey-
ance. Utilise the services of the learned with the allurement of money.

Make an attack with full force. Finish journey with stout thighs.
Get learned preachers by arranging for their livelihood. Develop speed
with arms. Grow fruitful thorny jambir trees in the forest. Kindle fire
with care and desire. Get strength through the exercise of arms, Serve
the king and subjects with arms and shoulders. Honour a preacher by
patient hearing of his sermons.

4. The first rib of the right side of the chest is like fire ; the
second like air ; the third like sun ; the fourth like moon ; the fifth like
sky ; the sixth like the flash of lightning ; the seventh like mind ; the
eighth like Mahat-Tatva ; the ninth like a servant who honours his
master ; the tenth like the creator of the world ; the eleventh like a
glorious person ; the twelfth like a noble person ; the thirteenth like a
just ruler.

5. On the left side of the chest, the first rib is like air and fire;
the second like speech 5 the third like a friend ; the fourth like water ,
the fifth like earth ; the sixth like fire and water ; the seventh like
serpents ; the eighth like the All-pervading God ; the ninth like the
supporter ; the tenth like a luminary ; the eleventh like the soul ; the
twelfth like a noble person ; the thirteenth like the wife of a judge. The
right flank is like the Sun and Earth, the left like all the learned
persons,

6. The shoulders of men are like the cantonments in a State. The
foremost function of all learned persons is to preach. To punish the
wicked is the second act of awe-inspiring learned persons. To do justice
is the third act of justice loving celibate learned persons. The tail of an
animal is an instrument of airing. Fire and water give light. Two
learned persons of discrimination like two swans are like the buttocks of
the state. Air and sun are like thighs. Pran and Udan are like persons
walking at full pace. Attack should be made with full certainty. Gain
strength from powerful objects,

7. Beg for alms from the wealthy. Catch blind serpents from large
intestines ; serpents from the entrails and subdue them. Overpower the
crooked serpents from the guts. Discharge water through the bladder.
Strengthen scrotum with the testicles. Examine the strength of a horse
from his penis. Produce progeny with semen. Digest meals with the force

4. The thirteen ribs of the right side of the chest are compared to thirteen objects.
Mahat-Tatva ; Intellect.

264 YAJUR VEDA

of bile, Strengthen your belly by free discharge of digested food through
anus. Obtain the strength of administration through forces.

8. People should know the working of the lightning; the best food-
grain for the earth; the union of the quarters* the continual filling of space
with light by the sun. Clouds are like the soul that sleeps in the heart.
Pericardium is vast like the atmosphere. Entrails of the belly are like
water. Both parts of the neck are like a lovely pair of male and female
goose. Sky is like kidneys. Mountains are like the belly's ducts which
receive the meals. Clouds are like the spleen. Paths are refreshing like
water. The arteries on the right side of the belly are like pain, pleasure
and sorrow. Streams are known for inundation. Both flanks are like lakes.
The Sea is like the belly. The gastric fluid is like the ashes,

9. Know steady abstraction of the mind from the navel; ghee from
curd> waters from decocted juice; sunbeams from fat that strengthens the
organs; hoar-frost from bodily heat; coagulated ghee from life that prevails
in the body? water-fountain from tears; thunderbolt from the rheum of
eyes; objects worth protection from blood; marvellous things from limbs ;
stars from their beauty ; earth from skin that covers the blood and flesh.
Use truthful language for an energetic person.

10. God, the possessor of resplendent planets, existed before the
creation of the world. He is the One Lord of all created beings. He
sustains the Earth, the Sun and the created world. May we worship
with devotion, Him, the Illuminator and Giver of pleasure.

11. God by his grandeur is the sole Ruler of the moving world that
breathes and slumbers. He is the Lord of men and cattle. May we
worship with devotion, Him the Illuminator and Giver of happiness.

12. By Whose might, are these snow-clad mountains standing, and
men call the atmosphere filled water. His possession. Whose arms are

8. Just as sky rains water, so kidneys discharge urine. Just as lakes are full of water, so
flanks are full of blood.

Just as waters rise from the sea, rain on the Earth and produce medicinal herbs and food-
stuffs, so the essence of meals rises from the belly, reaches each and every part of the body,
and strenghtens our skin-hair and flesh.

Gastric fluid :-The digestive fire of the stomach. Just as this fire digests the food, and
converts it into blood, so ordinary fire burns timber and reduces it to ashes.

Sea is like : Just as all rivers run into sea, so all meals go into the belly.

9. Just as the heat of the body enlivens all organs, so the medicinal herbs grow through
frost

10. CM3-4, 23-1,

11. Cf23-3,

CHAPTER XXV 265

these heavenly regions. May we worship with devotion, Him the
Illuminator and Giver of happiness.

13. God is the giver of spiritual force, and physical strength. His
commandments all the learned persons acknowledge. He is the maker
of all laws. His support is life immortal and transgression of His Law
is death. May we worship with devotion, Him the Illuminator and Giver
of happiness.

14. May auspicious force of wisdom come to us from every side,
continual, unhindered, and as remover of afflictions. May thereby the
learned persons, our guardians, advanced in age, attend our assembly day
by day for our gain.

15. May the auspicious favour of the learned be ours. May the
bounty of the righteous fill us with virtues. May we devoutly seek the
friendship of the learned. May they extend our life that we may live.

16. We, through vedic speech, accepted by our ancestors; long
through mutual emulation for a teacher and a preacher, honest, guardian
of the people, inviolable, giver of prosperity, friendly, completely wise,
noble, and affluent. May auspicious vedic speech grant us all felicity.

17. O teachers and preachers, firm like the Earth, ye both hear from
us what we have read. May the wind waft to us that pleasant medicine.
May respectable Earth and fostering Sun secure it for us. May clouds the
producers of herb and givers of joy secure us that medicine.

18. Him we invoke for aid who reigns supreme, the Lord of all that
stands or moves, and inspirer of wisdom. May He the Nourisher of all,
our Keeper and our Guard Non-violent, promote, the increase of our
wealth for our good.

19. May the Master of vast knowledge, may Mighty God prosper
us. May the Nourisher of all, the Author of all the vedas prosper us.

May He the Giver of all comforts like the horse prosper us. May
God the Lord of all the elements of Nature vouchsafe us prosperity.

20. Let all the learned persons, stout in body, followers of the
mother veda, moving in glory, visitors of battle-fields, fire-tongued, con-
templative, brilliant in knowledge like the Sun, come hither for our
protection.

16. Students acquire knowledge from teachers through mutual competition and emulation.
We-students.

19. Just as a horse takes us from one place to the other and gives us pleasure, so does
God give us happiness by fulfiling our wants.

20. Hither :-In our country or yajna.

266 YAJUR VEDA

21. O sociable learned persons, may we with our ears listen to what
is good, and with our eyes see what is good.

With limbs and bodies firm may we extolling God lead a life conducive
to the good of the sages.

22. O learned persons, may we live in your company for a hundred
years. Let not our bodies decay before that period, in which old age our
sons become fathers in turn. Break ye not in the midst our course of
fleeting life.

23. Immortal is the heaven, Immortal is the atmosphere, Matter the
mother of all is immortal. Immortal is Father God.

Immortal is the soul that nourishes the body. All divine objects like
the Earth are immortal. Five vital breaths are immortal. All that is born
and shall be born is immortal becuase of its immortal cause.

24. May not the friendly, glorious, and just king ; nor the noble
souls shorten our life ; so that we may display our valour in war, like a
fleeting, efficient horse.

25. Those who gladly accept the substances offered in charity by
a virtuous wealthy person ; and the eternal soul, worthy of attainment, a
nice questioner, beauty of the world, who eats the charming food prepared
through fire and air ; derive full enjoyment.

26. This perishable body made of earth, the home of all organs is
created for the enjoyment of the soul. God, for the excellent enjoyment
of this active soul, grants this enjoyable object.

27. Thoughtful persons strengthen this excellent embodied soul,
at times in three different stages,

Soul enters this body, the foremost part of the Earth, for doing noble
deeds for the sake of spiritual enjoyment.

28. Invoker, atoner, fire-kindler, bringer of rain, sage, scholar-
encircled, thou ministering priest, with this well ordered, well-desired
sacrifice, fill full the channels of the rivers.

21. Ayu may also mean full age of one hundred years.

23. God, soul, matter are by nature eternal and immortal.

Other created things are immortal as they are created again and again, and their cause

is also immortal. Panch Jana may also mean Brahmanas, Kshatriyas, Vaishas, Shudras
and Nishadas the barbarians. Panch Jana may also mean the five elements, air, water, fire,
earth and Akash (space).

26. Enjoyable object : Body.

27. Three different stages : Jagr it-waking, swapan-dreaming, sushupti-profound sleep
or repose.

28. Through yajna, an Adhvaryu the ministering priest gets rain which fills the rivers.

CHAPTER XX V 267

29. The hewers of the yajna's post and those who carry it, and
those who carve the knob to deck the horse's stake ; and those who
prepare the cooking utensils for the steed and those who strive hard,
may their perseverance be attained to by us.

30. He, who, competent to afford shelter to all, himself comes to
me for my welfare, and who fulfils the desires of the learned, is the source
of delight on sight to the learned and sages. May we produce amongst
the learned such a strong man, having beautiful brothers.

31. Just as the fleet courser is controlled by halter and his feet-
ropes, the head stall, the bridle and the cords about him, and the grass is
put within his mouth to bait him, so should the learned people control
their organs and eat nourishing diet.

32. O men, the fly eateth the flesh and blood of a fast-running
horse. The vedic utterances in a yajna are like thunderbolts, part of the
oblation adhereth to the sacrificer's hands and nails. May all this be
with ye and the learned,

33. Food undigested that comes out of the belly, and the bad
odour rising from the raw half-cooked food should be removed by skilled
cooks. Let the digestive powers of ours digest the nice well-cooked food.

34. Whatever word of quick wisdom, comes with certainty and
exertion out of thy mouth, seasoned with thy mental fire, waste not that
on earth or grass, but give it as instruction to the noble, learned persons.

35. They who crave for the meat of a horse, and declare the horse
fit to be killed should be exterminated.

They who keep the fast horse well trained and disciplined, deserve
to be praised by us for the strength of their character and perseverance.

36. Realisation of soul-force, that ripens our knowledge, the organs
of perception which accomplish our knowledge, the Pranas (vital
breaths) which serve as a cloak for our life; the signs of exalted
character and the rays of knowledge jointly adorn a strong soul.

32. The learned people should keep horses in sheds where flies may not bite them.
They should perform yajnas with the loud recitation of vedic verse. Just as the hands and
nails of the performer of a yajna are washed with water to clear the particles of oblation so
should the horses be washed to remove the dirt sticking to their body.

35, Eating the meat of a horse and other animals is prohibited in this verse. They who
eat the meat of animals should be exterminated. They who train and make the animals useful
deserve praise.

36. Organs of perception :-They are five called (9ftf^39) : the skin, tongue, eye. ear and
nose.

268 YAJUR VEDA

37. O men, just as the intelligent persons accept with favour
the beloved, offered, persevering, and consecrated horse, so should ye
know them in all respects.

Let not the smoke-scented fire make the animal crackle with pain ;
nor the glowing caldron-smell break him to pieces.

38. The starting, sitting, rolling and fastening of the horse, his
drinking and eating, should all be controlled by intelligent keepers.

39. The robe they spread upon the horse to clothe him, the upper-
covering and the golden trappings ; the halters which restrain the steed,
and the heel-ropes, all these are pleasing to the learned.

40. If one, when seated, with excessive urging with his heel or with
his whip distresses a horse ; all these woes, as with oblation's ladle at
sacrifices, with my might I banish.

41. O people, just as a horse-breaker, whom the wise befriend,
understands the thirty four gaits of a horse, and a veterinary assistant with
his knowledge renders his organs free from flaw, and fully examines each
and every part of his body , so should ye keep away all maladies powerful
like a thunderbolt.

42. O people, just as spring alone gives beauty to a graceful horse,
or two seasons control him ; so do I control your organs and livelihood, and
give you various objects in different seasons, and place all these under the
custody of a learned person.

43. Let not thy God-loving soul torment thee, as it departs from
thy body. Let not the hatchet linger in thy body. Let not a greedy,
clumsy immolator, cut unduly with sword thy vulnerable limbs.

44. Soul diest not, nor is it injured. Performing noble acts it
attains to godhead. May thy powerful Pran and Apan be yoked through
Yoga. May a learned person take up the duty of preaching.

37. Useful animals like horses should not be killed, nor their meat cooked for eating.
They should be protected against fire.

38. The verse may also allude to the Brahmcharis (students) whose walking, sitting,
lying, eating and drinking should be supervised by their learned preceptors (gurus).

39. The verse may also allude to a Brahmchari student at the time of his departure from
the Guru,

40. One :- A rider.

42. Just as horse-breakers train horses according to seasons, so do the preceptors teach
the pupils how to behave. Just as air is purified by oblations in fire, so ignorant superstitions
are pat in the fire of knowledge, whereby our souls are purified.

CHAPTER XXV 269

45. May this learned person bring us all-sustaining riches, wealth
in good kine, good horses, and manly offspring. Freedom from sin may
Earth vouchsafe us. May this noble soul, the giver of commendable
pleasures rule over us.

46. Just as the glorious king and all learned persons hold under
control these worlds, so should we speedily gain happiness.

Just as the Sun with his satellites, and twelve months manifests all
worlds, so should a physician helped by other persons give us medicines.
May the king with learned persons regulate our sacrifice, our bodies and
our progeny.

47. O teacher and preacher, with mastery over the vedas, become
near us our protectors, welfarers, givers of knowledge and wealth in our
homes. Give us wealth most splendidly renowned. Come nigh unto us,
so that we may express reverence unto ye.

48. O virtuous learned person, grant us knowledge. We pray unto
thee for our happiness and the good of our friends. Listen to our call ;
and protect us from evil-minded and sinful pesons.

46. Sacrifice : Our respect and reverence for learned.

CHAPTER XXVI

1. Fire and Earth are favourable to me ; may they be subservient
to me in the accomplishment of that aim of mine.

Air and firmament are favourable to me ; may they be subservient
to me in the accomplishment of that aim of mine. Sun and his light are
favourable to me ; may they be subservient to me in the accomplishment
of that aim of rain*. Waters and clouds are favourable to me, may they
be subservient to me in the accomplishment of that aim of mine. Out of
thes3 seven forces are the mainstay of all beings, the eighth is Earth which
keeps every one under its sway. O God make all our paths pleasant and
comfortable.

May I thus obtain true knowledge from these forces.

2. I do hereby address this salutary speech for the benefit of
humanity, for the Brahmanas, the Kshatriyas, the Shudras, the Vaishas,
the kinsfolk and the men of lowest position in society.

Dear may I be to the learned and the guerdon-giver in this world.
Fulfilled be this desire of mine. May I achieve my aim.

3. O God, the guardian of mighty material objects and souls, Thou
art realised through the practice of yoga. We accept Thee as the Protector
of the vedas, which symbolise Thy authority, and as the Nourisher of
selfless scholars.

O God, Truth is nobly born of Thee, O God Thou adequately kind-
lest in men splendid refulgent mind, laudable wisdom and effectual active
mind.

Thou existest as a highly resplendent entity through self-force.
Grant us marvellous knowledge, riches and fame.

1. Fire, air, firmament, sun, water, cloud and sky are seven Sansdis (forces). All
beings exist on their support. Bhutaddhni is Earth that keeps under its arms all humao beings.

Man should make full use of the forces of nature and fulfil the aim of his life.

2. 1 : God.

3. Salutary speech : All the four vedas. The vedisare meant for the good of all, high
or low. Those who restrict their study to the high castes and deprive the Shudras and the
untouchable from reading or hearing them read, disobey the mandate of God and thus commit
sin.

1 in the second para refers to the kin*.

CHAPTER XXVI 271

4. O learned person, possessing vast wisdom and knowledge of the
vedas, come here, and drink the juice of medicines ripened by clouds. Thou
hast controlled thy senses through yamas and niyamas. We accept thee
as the master of worldly kingship and grand supremacy. This is thy home
of knowledge. We accept thee as protector of vedic speech, and as full of
glory.

5. O exalted learned person, full of wisdom and deeds, slayer of foes
like the cloud-dispeller sun, come, and drink deep the essence of knowledge
produced by the knowers of the vedas. Thou hast controlled thy soul by
yogic practices. We accept thee as the master of milk-yielding kine and
grand supremacy. This is thy home of knowledge. We accept thee as the
master of worldly possessions, and desirous of glory.

6. We daily pray for light of knowledge, unto God, the Lord of
learning, the Leader of humanity, and the Embodiment of Truth. Thou
art realised through yogic practices. I accept Thee as the Leader of
humanity. This heart is thy home.

I accept Thee as being the Lover of all people.

7. Just as the Sun, filled with lustre of grandeur, in the midst of
illuminated worlds, gives'us pleasure, and therefore illumnates this world
with his light; just as lightning exerts with the Sun, so should we continue
in God's grace.

O learned person thou art acceptable through beautiful
restraints. I respect thee for thy knowledge of electricity. This is thy
home. I respect Thee for thy accomplishing electrical projects.

8. Just as a learned person foremost amongst the leaders comes for
our protection from far away; so should a person brilliant like fire come in
a commendable conveyance.

We accept thee full of literary thought for a learned person. We
accept thee, whose this house is meant for the leader of the learned.

9. We pray to him, the master of five senses and lover of five castes,
affectionate to all, pure, the knower of the significance of vedic texts,
glowing like fire with the warmth of knowledge; the lord of wealth, off-
spring and palatial buildings. Thou art imbued with religious laws. I

4. Here : In this world.

Yamas : Mental restraints. They are five. Ahinsa (Non-violence), Satya (Truth),
Asteya (Avoidance of theft). Brahmcharya (celibacy), Aprigraha (Renunciation).

Niyamas: sjfa (Purity of body and mind ^q (contentment), ciq (PenanceV,
(Religious study) fSTOJf&TUR (Resignation to the will of God).

9. Five castes -Brahmana, Kshatriya, Vaisha, Shudra and Nishada.

272 YAJUR VEDA

accept thee as a dignified literary person. This is thy home of knowledge.
I accept thee as a dignified, literary, religious person,

10. May the mighty, thunder-armed, perfectly virtuous king grant
us a comfortable home, may he slay the wicked man who hates u?.

Thou art equipped with justice and statesmanship. We accept
thee for the extreme supremacy. This is thy kingly palace. We accept
thee as a paramount sovereign.

11. O people, just as cows low to their calves all the day long, so
with our songs we glorify for ye, this king, the dispeller of affliction, the
checker of assault, and the enjoyer of riches and foodgrains.

12. O learned people honour the king who is great and giver of
extreme comfort. Like the queen, riches and foodstuffs proceed from the
King.

13. O wise, learned person, come, here I sing verily other songs to
thee. With these praises shalt thou grow strong.

14. O learned person, the seasons spread thy yajna, the months
protect thy offering. May our year strengthen thy yajna. May thou
keep our children safe in every way.

15. In the solitude of mountains and confluence of streams a sage
develops his spiritual force, contemplating on God through yoga.

16. O learned person, I admire thy house, high in altitude, full of
foodstuffs, well ventilated and airy, grand in sight and extremely commend-
able. May it be durable like the Earth.

17. O amiable scholar, fully knowing the duty of service, flow the
juice of learning for the king, respectable sacrificer and us mortals.

18. God gives instruction for all these graceful glories of men.
Willing to serve God, we pray for pleasures.

19. May we be prosperous with strong, brave sons, strong kine,
strong horses, the strength of all, strong quadrupeds and strong men about
us. May the learned guide our sacrifice (yajna) season-wise.

20. O teachress bring thou near thee in this domestic life, for
drinking the juice of medicines, husbands full of attributes like thee, and
consorts of the learned ; and may thy husband invite near him the lustrous
scholars.

10. Thou -.King.

13. Other : Which tbou dost not know or haM not heard before and are new.

CHAPTER XXVI 273

21. O eloquent leader, make our fair dealings worthy of praise.
Thou art the giver of wealth. Drink the juice of medicines.

22. O men, just as the giver of wealth and fame, according to sea-
sons, humbly desires to drink the juice, so should ye procure this juice,
perform havan, and attain to glory.

23. O learned person desirous of supremacy, secure well thy contact
with power. In the performance of religious deeds, with a tranquil mind,
protect this eternal soul of thine. Sitting steadfastly in this yajna, take

into thy belly this efficacious medicinal juice.

24. O majestic scholar, serving gladly thy preceptor, in gladsome
company, with the noble qualities, and with thy mother, sister and wife,
be happy in the acquisition of nice foodstuffs.

Afterwards make others happy like a confortable house, O learned
people, well invoked, establish us in fair dealings, sit near us at ease, and
give us good instructions.

25. O mighty learned fellow, for thee is this juice pressed, for the
protection of riches. Purify thyself with its sweetest and most
gladdening flow.

26. The fiend-queller, and the friend of all, in his country attains
to reverence and a dignified position, and lives happily in his house filled
with gold.

CHAPTER xxvti

1. O learned person, may years, seasons, knowers of vedic interpre-
tation and all the verities strengthen thee.

Just as the sun with celestial effulgence illmines all the four effica-
cious regions so should thou long for knowledge, and manifest justice.

2. Shine thou, O learned person lustrous like fire, make this seeker
after knowledge, rise up erect for great and happy fortune. Be those
uninjured who adore thee, Let not thy priests, the knowers of all the
four vedas, turn against thee. Don't spoil thy glory and progress.

3. O learned person, these masters of the vedas elect thee as their
leader. Be thou propitious unto them in this election. Remove thou
the errors of our foes. O learned person being free from sloth and pride,
watch in thy house, and keep us also conscious.

4. O learned person, amass wealth in this world. Let not the old,
exalted, learned persons, ever devoted to action, tolerate thy moral
degradation.

O ruler, famous for thy humility, let thy administration be run by
just laws. May thy adorers, following non-violence make thee strong.
May the State riches make thee happy.

5. O learned person commence thy youth with wealth in this world.

O king, flowing with the knowledge and humility, exert to maintain
friendship with the religious, learned friends.

O justice-loving head of the state, act as an umpire in the midst of
your coequal virtuous kings. Be renowned as worthy of praise.

6. O king, renouncing untruth, suppress fully the wicked persons,
overcome spiritual ignorance, and banish miserliness. O learned person,
drive away all sins; vouchsafe us opulence with an army of heroic
soldiers.

7. O king, invincible, full of knowledge, free from misery, reful-
gent, and an able administrator, be dear to us in this task of government.
Illumine all regions. Chase human ills and griefs with the help of
philanthropic persons. Guard us for prosperity.

8. O learned fellow, the guardian of big persons, excellent preacher
of learning, sharpening the intellect of this king, give him knowledge ;

3. Watch in thy house : -Remain slothless doing the household duties,

CHAPTER XXVII 275

instruct him well, instruct thoroughly his subjects. Exalt him to great
and high felicity. Let all the learned persons rejoice following his good
will.

9. O learned fellow, the guardian of big persons, be free from the
fruit of sins in the next birth, Chase death far from him who follows the
instruments of the religious and law-abiding persons.

O skilled physician, just as the teacher and preacher achieve their
aim by dint of deeds and wisdom, so shouldst thou skilfully prepare
efficacious medicines, whereby thou preservest the health of the people.

10. Looking upon the sun's light free from darkness, we fully
realise God, the Giver of happiness, the Saviour of humanity, Omni-
present, Excellent, the Soul of animate and inanimate objects, and Self-
Effulgent.

11. This fire, the accomplisher of many mighty deeds, the
discharger of children from wombs, has splendid faggots as its fuel ; and
uplifted, lofty and brilliant flames.

12. O men, know air as an object of usefulness amongst the useful
objects, devoid of lustre, all-possessing, the protector of bodies, highly
desirable, and the sprinkler of paths with sweet water through rain.

13. O learned person, thou art the admirer of persons, doer of noble
deeds, worthy of praise, full of ambition, desirous of supremacy, wise in
dealings ; and a comer to this sacrifice with sweet words.

14. This extolling learned person, the carrier of knowledge, in
non-violent sacrifices attainable through exertion, nicely procures ladles
and fire accompanied by corn, water and power.

15. That learned person, daintily fed, realises the greatness of this
fire. He is the best wealth-giver, and wisest protector. He gets water
and enjoyable oblations.

16. The learned persons, lording over all, with the splendour of
that widely expansive fire, expound the vows of truthfulness, and the
bright sources of the knowledge of fire.

17. May Dawn and Night, like two beautiful consorts, protect in
our home this non-violent sacrificial worship of ours.

12. This verse has been interpreted hy Pt. Jai Dev, Vidya Alankar, as applying to
soul as well. Soul is the preserver of the body, lover of breaths (pranas), infuser of strength,
seer of knowledge, and lord of organs. May the soul illumine the paths of its existence with
knowledge and light.

14. The fire used in locomotives accompanied with water, and fuel, moves fast with
great force. We should make use of fire in yajnas and fast-moving locomotives.

13. The learned persons who realise the greatpess of fire become wealthy.

276 YAJUR VEDA

18. Ye two learned persons, givers of pleasure, greet with praises
this lofty non-violent sacrifice of ours. Conduct well the flame of fire in
connection with our beautiful sacrifice.

19. May Ida, Saraswati, Bharati, three mighty forms of eulogy fill
this atmosphere.

20- May God grant us wealth and strength, eagerly obtainable,
possessing wondrous merits, powers and qualities ; residing in various
objects, beautifully mighty ; and relieve us of misery.

21. O investigator, the guardian of religious lore, just as sacrificial
fire renders subtle the oblations and diffuses them in the air, so shouldst
thou rejoicing thyself in the midst of the learned, explore objects worth
acquisition.

22. O learned person, well-versed in knowledge, for the sake of
supremacy, use truthful speech and perform yajna. May all the learned
people be benefited with this yajna.

23. Persons equally learned, increasers of wealth, exceedingly wise,
eaters of invigorating diet, exert to develop their progeny. May they
stand firm to acquire the knowledge of air, which being active and
developing, full of grace, purifies the men steadfast in their religious path.

24. Whomsoever the Firmament and Earth give birth for the
acquisition of wealth, and whom the wife accepts eagerly as a husband
for wealth's sake ; they, in a solitary place, unite and disunite their souls
with and from God, and enjoy the vast air, the sustainer of the Earth and
heavenly bodies.

25. When the subtle and primary elements containing the
All-prevading matter, the primordial cause of the universe, came into
being producing the fiery Sun, there was one God present in all the forces
of nature. Let us adore with our devotion the pleasure-giving God.

26. God with His Might sees fully the subtle and primary elements,
full of potency, and generators <5f the universe. He amongst all souls and
material objects is the one supreme Lord. Let us adore with knowledge
and yoga, Him, Who is the Embodiment and Giver of pleasure.

27. O learned person, powerful like the air, we carefully seek thee,
full of desirable, noble qualities. Send in our home wealth, worthy of
enjoyment and giver of pleasure. Give us a heroic son, and gifts of kine
and horses.

19. Ida : praiseworthy speech.

Saraswati : A speech full of knowledge.
Bharati : A speech replete with vedic lore.

CHAPTER XXVII 277

28. O learned person, powerful like the air, come to our non
violent sacrifice with thy hundreds and thousands of instructions.
Gladden us in this world. O sages, preserve us evermore with propitious
advice.

29. O God, the Ordainer of Law, just as this purifying, fast moving
air, visits the sacrificer's house, so come upto me. Thou art providence,
hence I realise Thy Nature,

30. O learned person, powerful like the air, purifier art thou. I
imbibe the excellent essence of thy speech in the assemblies of the learned.
O well merited scholar, the scion of a lovely father, come thou with grand
glory, to drink the Soma juice.

31. O learned person, just as air, with definite propitious motions,
comes to the sacrifice, so with noble intentions, as a leader, and nice
performer of the yajna, come thou to the yajnashala with a concentrated
mind.

32. O learned person, come thou to us to drink the Soma juice, with
full force, accompanied by thousands of thy admirers in chariots.

33. O learned person, resplendent with thy glory, just as air in this
world, under set rules comes to the sacrifice (yajna) with one, ten, two,
forty, three and thirty motions, so with knowledge and action, for the
applicability of learning expound thou those laws unto us.

34. O powerful learned person, Lord of Truth, beloved like a
son-in-law, wonderful in deeds, renowned for learning, we welcome thy
efforts for our protection.

35. O fearless king, like unmilked kine, we sing thy praise, as we do
unto God, the Lord of all animate and inanimate beings, and most
beautiful to look at,

36. O Bounteous Lord, none other pure like Thee, hath been or
ever will be born on earth. Desiring enterprise and using nice speech, as
men of might we call on Thee.

37. O King, the protector of the people, we, the scholars and
scientists invoke thee alone in war. Just as the Sun is seen after it dispels
the clouds, so we see thee in the army active and swift like a horse. We
invoke thee in all directions.

31. Yajnashala : Place v .rship, where the yajna is performed.

33. The Lucknow Vedic C.jisthan interprets eleven, as ten breaths and soul; twenty two
as ten organs of sense, mind a: .1 eleven rudras ; and thirty three as 8 vasus, 11 rudras,
12 adityas Prajapati and yajna.

Swami Dayananda explains two as learning and activity. The different forms of air's
motions are not clear.

35. Unmilked kine iJust as kine, who have not been milked, bow to give milk to the
calf, so we bow unto the king and God.

278 YAJUR VEDA

38. O wonderful learned person, whose hand holds thunderbolt,
praised as mighty, possessing a lofty position like the mountain, grant
unto us and the conqueror, kine and chariot steeds and even knowledge
of truth.

39. O wonderful learned person, befriend the ever prospering
person. Protect us with thy succour. Yoke us to noble deeds with thy
powerful protection.

40. O learned person, the giver of happiness, lover of truth, highly
dignified, he, who pleases thee with delightful foods ; collects medicines
for the elimination of disease, and amasses wealth, deserves our adoration.

41. O learned person, thou art the protector of our friends and
admirers. For affection's sake approach us with hundred aids. Thou art
worthy of our reverence..

42. At every sacrifice, sing the glory of God, for the acquisition of
strength. Let us praise the Wise and Everlasting God again and again as
a well-beloved Friend.

43. O learned person, bestower of beautiful habitation, and reful-
gent like fire, protect us with sound advice. Protect us with thy teaching.
Protect us with three instructions of action, contemplation, and knowledge.
O Lord of power and might, protect us with four counsels of religion,
worldly prosperity, affection and final emancipation of soul.

44. O student, advance knowledge, the preserver of thy enterprise.
Thou art our well-wisher, and helper in battles ; the saviour of our bodies
for progress. We select thee as a fit recipient of precious objects.

45. O aspirant after knowledge, thou art the follower of law like
the year, renouncer of immorality like the relinquished year, definite like
the year, steadfast like the year, and active like the year. Prosper thy
Dawns ! Prosper thy Days and Nights ! Prosper thy Half-months (months,
Seasons and Years).

Combine them for their goinj and coming, and send them forward
on their ordered courses.

Thou art the collector of the sources of protection. With that
divinity lie steady like the vital breath.

43. This verse may also mean, O God the Lord of Power, protect us with Rig Veda,
with Rig and Yaju, with Rig, Yaju and Sama, with Rig, Yaju, Sama and Atharva. Jai Dev,
Vidya Alankar, Mahi Dhar, and Vedic San^than have thus translated this verse. I have
given the interpretation of Maharshi Dayananda Saraswati.

45. The words Samvatsar, Parivatsar, Ida v a tsar, and Vatsar are the names
given to the years of the five-year cycle, intended with the aid of an intercalary month, to
adjust the difference between the lunar and the solar year.

CHAPTER XXVHI

1. O sacrificer, just as the master of noble qualities, with the
display of knowledge, concerning the laudable art of speech, on the earth's
centre, and on the height of heaven, in the midst of thundering clouds,
kindles and perceives the fire and electricity, and as the mightiest of the
lords of men, properly manifests himself and enjoys the butter, so shouldst
thou keep company with him.

2. O sacrificer, just as the pleasure-giving person, with due
protections and religious paths, rich in valuable advice like sweet water,
befriends the mighty king, the guardian of our bodies, the conqueror,
unconquered, full of delight, adorned with knowledge and humility, and
understands all knowable topics with his well-praised spiritual and moral
power ; so shouldst thou cultivate friendly intercourse with him.

3. O sacrificer, just as the pleasure-giving person, with well-trained
modes of speech, wins the king equipped with knowledge and supremacy,
above the ordinary run of mankind, full of rivalry against foes, praised
and just as he, the thunder-wielder, the breaker-down of the enemies,
cities, full of power, learned, performs with the help of the learned, the
duties of a ruler, so shouldst thou cultivate friendly inter-course with him.

4. O giver of charity, just as a person desirous of happiness, with
Vasus, Rudras and Adityas for companions, in the Assembly of the learned,
wins the favour of the king, adorned with statesmanship, near whom are
seated noble learned advisers, full of power, who appreciates the noble
deeds of men, and sits in the court to administer justice, and acquires
happiness, so shouldst thou be happy.

5. O sacrificer, just as spacious gates, like the fast flow of water,
enhance power, lustre and dignity j so should the learned have access to
the expedients of knowledge and humility in this sociable world, for the
kind, heroic and mighty king. They should learn the art of administration.
Hota should perform the yajna, so shouldst thou do.

6. O giver of happiness, just as two cows living in the open air,
the fulfillers of ouf noble desires, behaving mother-like, nourish the

1. Earth's centre : the altar, A learned person kindles fire in the altar.
Sacrificer . Yajman.

4. Vasus, Rudras and Adityas are Brahmcbaris who respectively observe tke vow of
celibacy for 24, 36 and 48 yeacs.

280 YAJUR VEDA

highly developed calf, like material fire and sun's heat, the two aspects of
lightning, and just as Hota performs the yajna with oblations, so shouldst
thou do.

7. O physician, regular in thy meals and recreation, just as two
physicians, givers of happiness, expert in the diagnosis of physical ills,
excellent amongst the learned, dispellers of disease* friendly to each
other, wise, full of the knowledge of medical science, experienced in the art
of medicine, adepts in medical treatment, treat the ills of the soul, amass
wealth for worldly progress, and attain to longevity, so shouldst thou do.

8. O aspirant after happiness, just as a teacher, the imparter and
recipient of learning, performs the duty of reading and teaching ; just as
a teacher, a preacher and a physician, developing the three humours,
ie., bone, marrow and semen, engrossed in actions, imbibe Ida, Saraswati
and Bharati, the three efficacious and highly venerable speeches, the
illuminators of knowledge, full of instructions ana protectors of the soul,
so shouldst thou cultivate them.

9. O inculcator of good virtues, just as an abstemious person,
befriends a physician, the remover of physical maladies, the possessor of
riches, full of many qualities, physically strong, highly social, brilliant, and
supreme, and in obedience to the soul, the urger of knowledge, controlling
his senses, gains power, so shouldst thou do.

10. O charitably disposed person, just as a performer of yajna,
associates with a sacrificer, the provider of shelter like the sun, the master
of manifold wisdom, the doer of deeds $ and with practical rules of conduct,
enjoys the wealth of the world, displayed by him, and performs yajna with
savoury butter, so shouldst thou do.

11. O imparter of knowledge, just as a person who acquires learning
and prosperity, and grants us affluence, studies the truthful sayings of
religious lore, understands the working of oily substances, listens to the
excellent lovely words of little children, attends the performance of Homa
by persons who speak the truth and act upon it, acquires the active,
mighty supremacy of wisdom that emanates from the beautiful teachings

8. Indrapatni : Just as a wife serves and protects the husband, so do these three kinds
of speech protect the soul.

Ida : the speech worthy of praise.

Saraswati : the speech full of knowledge.

Bharati : the speech, the preserver and developer of beautiful knowledge,

Them : the three kinds of speech.

10. Enjoys refers to the performer of yajna.
Him refers to the sacrificer, the priest.

CHAPf ER XXVIII

of religious books , and just as learned persons, delighted with kind words
of truth, and drinking clarified butter attain to greatness, so shouldst
thou perform yajna.

12. O learned person, just as an oblation in Homa, performed in the,
day and at night, transgressing the air and water in the atmosphere, adds
to the wealth of the world, and protected in the altar by ghee and fuel,
contributes to health, and increases our happiness, so shouldst thou
associate with a heroic, dignified man of learning, who is accompanied by
well-mannered learned persons possessing riches vast like the space.

13. O learned person, just as excellent, brilliant doors, and a praise-
worthy, young, heroic boy, making the horse march on a path leaving
aside the blind well, add to our prestige, so shouldst thou acquiring wealth,
and removing all impediments, enjoy this rich world and perform sacrifice.

14. O learned person, just as pleasant, lovely and lustrous day and
night, goad the sacrificer to action in a yajna, and just as they for proper
use of wealth, approach the just and educated persons, nay the whole world,
so shouldst thou perform yajna.

15. O learned person, just as lustrous day and night, wealth-givers,
engulfing all objects, heighten the radiant sun, and one of them the night
drives away hatreds and sins ; the other, the Dawn brings boons and
treasures ; and just as day and night in which men receive education,
under the sky on this earth a part of the world, comprehend the active
sacrificer, so shouldst thou perform yajna.

16. O learned person, just as educated persons, in this world, the
creation of God, in day and night, comprehend the soul intent upon the
acquisition of spiritual knowledge ; and just as day and night the retainers
of strength and breath, the givers of happiness, gladden us with water,
impel our noble ambitions and add to our prosperity, one of which brings
food and energy, the other feast and drinks, and just as the outgoing and
in-coming nights blend the old energy with the new and new with the old,
and day and night, the decreasers of life and dissipators of strength,
preserve our existence so shouldst thou perform yajna.

17. O learned person, just as pleasant air and fire, celebrated for
their excellent attributes, the sustainers of the world heighten the radiant
sun's might, exterminate the diseases that kill the sinful thieves, and acting
as monitors to the soul, procure us riches and drinkable water in God's
world, so shouldst thou perform yajna.

13. Blind Well : Well which is filled with earth, and does not look like a well ; and
is likely to deceive a rider.

13. Boons : Fresh waters etc,

2$2 VAJUR VEDA

18. O learned person, Bharati, the speech, uttered through breath,
Saraswati, the speech full of wisdom, and Ida, the speech enriched with
wealth, and the performer of yajna, occupy the householders. These three
divine forms of speech, heighten the might of the lustrous and protecting
soul. For gain of wealth they are cherished by the householders, Aspire
after them and may thou master them.

19. O learned person, just as the soul hankering after eminence,
praised by men, masters of various houses comfortable in all times, the
past, present and future, develops brilliant electricity with hundred devices,
and seated on the back of fast-moving animals engages himself in thousand
forms of activities ; and just as the pran and udan, the companions of the
soul fit to earn living, electricity the guardian of great projects of the
world, laudable sun and moon, and the man willing to perform yajna, are
all made serviceable by the soul for helping the aspirant after riches ; so
shouldst thou perform yajna.

20. O learned person, just as Vanaspati,. imbued with fine qualities,
with leaves shining like gold, sweet boughs, fair fruit, bestower of
praiseworthy benefits, heightens the cloud, the remover of poverty, and
full of nice attributes ; and being highly important desires light, establishes
the Earth and space and grows for the soul, the diffuser of wealth in the
world, so shouldst thou perform yajna.

21. O learned person, just as the beautiful atmosphere, residing
in the laudable universe, enjoying the imminence of God, the Mainstay
of all, heightens the celestial lightning, is ubiquitous, and engages the
attention of a scientist in this precious world, so shouldst thou do.

22. O learned person, just as efficacious fire, with diverse uses,
heightens the noble soul, and just as fire accomplishing the desired
ambition, being highly serviceable, fulfils our cherished aim, so shouldst
thou ever contribute to our happiness, amass wealth, and give monetary
help to the scientist in this precious world.

23. O learned person, the knower of the significance of vedic hymns,
just as this sacrifices for the sake of supremacy, now cooks foods and
special preparations for Homa, keeps a goat, for the removal of diseases,
and honours a learned priest, expert in the performance of yajna ; and
just as the shining Sun, protector of its rays, for grandeur's sake, becomes

18. feitft Wt: The repetition of these words is meant to show their importance.
20. Vanaspati : The herb that rears the rays of the sun.

Earth and Space : The herbs suck sustenance from the Earth and fill the space
with water drawn by the rays of the Sun out of them.
23. I: -The Purohit, the priest.

CHAPTER XXVIII 283

eminent at the time of sacrifice, by cutting into pieces and absorbing
the oily and wet oblations, which come into contact with it, the ripener
of all objects ; and just as the Sun accepts all substances put into the
fire and grows thereby, so do I exert to make thee prosperous.

24. O seeker after knowledge, just as a charitably disposed
learned person, performs Havan, and preserves the Gayatri verse, brilliant
like fire, splendidly graceful, venerable, highly glorious, bestower of
beautiful life, bringer of supremacy, expounder of true significance -, and
retains freedom, wealth, three-fold protecting vedic speech, and longevity,
and enjoys the essence of knowledge, so shouldst thou perform yajna.

25. O seeker after knowledge, just as the preserver of noble quali-
ties, preserves him, like a mother preserving the embryo, the protector
of the body, the comer-out after splitting the mother's womb, and sends
Homa's oblations to the pure Sun, the prolonger of life, and preserving
through the divine Ushnik verse, the powerful organs of the soul like
ear etc., preaching practical wisdom, and rearing handsome birds, enjoys
all these nature's gifts, so shouldst thou enjoy them.

26. O sacrifices just as a man possessing noble qualities,
comes in contact with the Sun, the slayer of clouds, so should
he come with instructive words, in contact with adorable, adored
power, laudable medicinal herbs, and the soul, the sustainer of
beautiful breaths. He enjoys all nature's gifts, the organs like ear,
sustainable freedom, the Earth, the protector of five breaths and
desirable objects in this knowable world, so shouldst thou enjoy them all.

27. O charitably disposed person, just as a virtuous person, becomes
united with the soul immortal, vast like space, immersed in the contemp-
lation of the Beautiful God, deathless in its purity, full of strength,
enjoyer of space and pure water, extending over all ; and attains to
happiness preserving celibacy for 36 years like the 36 syllables of Brihati
metre, full of knowledge, physical organs, vedic lore, having action,
worship and knowledge as its sons, and enjoys nice pleasure, so shouldst
thou do,

24. Three-f old protecting. Vedic speech protects our body, mind and tongue. The
learned teacher should teach the people, the Gayatri Mantra, self-control, observance of
Brahmcharya, and the art of enjoying long life.

25. Preserves him: rears, guards, and protects the pupil.

27. Brihati metre: It consists of 36 syllables, so a virtuous man should observe celi-
bacy for 36 years.

flfflcWTJ This word has been translated by Mahidhar, Ubbat and Griffith as 3 years old
steer, whereas Maharshi Dayananda translates it as vedic lore having action, worship, and
knowledge as its sons, i <? subjects dealt with.

284 YAJUR VEDA

28. O sacrificcr, just as in this world, a virtuous person, possesses
wide-opening portals, easy to pass through, Yajna strengthening, electropla-
ted and beautiful; and just as he associates with a learned person, full of
knowledge and wisdom, with mastery over the four vedas; and observes
Brahmcharya for forty years like the forty syllables of the Pankti metre,
has got wealth, strong bulls able to carry, four times the luggage, and vital
vigour; and just as he performs Homa with these oblations mixed with
ghee, and just as other persons resort to yajna, so shouldst thou perform
sacrifice with these oblations.

29. O sacrificer just as in this world, like two lofty Day and Night,
lovely to look at, in which beautiful works of art and industry are perform-
ed; the beautiful teacher and preacher; acquire excellent supremacy, the
support of ambition, and celibacy of forty four years like 44 syllables of the
Trishtup metre, vitality, longevity, strength of physical organs, and possess
bullocks fit to carry luggage on the back, and just as a virtuous person,
uses oblations mixed with ghee, so shouldst thou perform Havan.

30. O charitably disposed person, just as intelligent teacher and
pupil, highly educated amongst the learned, sociable, doers of good
deeds, givers of knowledge, masters of great fame, and desired happiness,
acquire grandeur, celibacy of 48 years like the 48 syllables of the Jagati
metre, learning, wealth, and bullocks to carry the cart, and just as a virtu-
ous person, offers oblations mixed with ghee, so shouldst thou perform
Homa.

31. O sacrificer, just as in this world, a virtuous person acquires three
kinds of speech "precious like gold, and beautiful, namely Bharati, Brihati,
Mahi; an aged protecting ruler, a Brahmchari observing vow of celibacy
for 33 years, like 33 syllables of the Virat metre, the expositor of various
subjects, desired object, and happiness enjoyed by souls and comes in con-
tact with us like a milch cow, so shouldst thou, attaining to all these
objects acquire the desirable fruit of knowledge.

32. O charitably disposed person just as a virtuous person,
protects a man full of glory and vigour, advanced in age, maintaining varied
beautiful qualities, strengthener of growth, brilliant, and heroic, and
sustains two-footed human beings, liberty, vigour of physical organs, and

28. Sacrificer : One who performs yajna.

A learned person should ^construct houses, with wide, electroplated gates, with open
space for performiug yajnas and beautiful in appearance.
31. Bharati : Worthy of assimilation,
Brihati : Deep and meditative.
Mahi; Resorted to by great men.

CHAPTER XXVIII 285

maintains strength like a full-grown ox, and performs Homa with vedic
texts, understanding their significance, so shouldst thou perform Homa.

33. O charitably disposed person, just as in this world, a performer
of yajna with ghee, like the Sun, the giver of tranquillity, the protector
with its light and beams; masters the soul, full of wisdom, uttering
commendable words with finger, worthy of control, full of grace, giver of
the strength of life; and acquires wealth, the prop of worldly prosperity
and giver of felicity, and performs yajna with gladness possessing desired
object, and qualities of a barren and calf-slipping cow; so shouldst thou
perform yajna.

34. O sacrificer, just as a virtuous person, preserves a householder,
brilliant like fire, in which oblations are put with vedic recitations ; and
associates severally with a noble person, an experienced physician, a
sagacious, aged king, and his government ; and observes prolonged
Brahmcharya like the syllables of Atichhandas and Gayatri metres, and
possesses the strength of a strong bull, enjoys long life ; and performs
Homa with ghee oblations, liked by all ; so shouldst thou perform yajna.

35. O learned person, just as well-merited space develops the
beautiful, life-infusing Sun, and just as a yogi through Gayatri metre
establishes in the soul, the power to perceive like an eye, and enjoy long
life, and befriends a man, who makes the best use of the riches of this
world, the source of all wealth, so shouldst thou perform yajna.

36. O learned person, just as the lustrous doors of our houses,
allow full and free entry of life-infusing, pure air, and develop the breath
in the soul, conducive to its welfare, residence in which increases the
treasure of one aspiring after riches, and thus they become graceful, so
shouldst thou with vedic verses in Ushnik metre secure these lovely
objects and perform Havan.

37. O learned person, just as like Day and Night two ladies, the
teachress and the taught, develop the strength-giving and virtuous soul,
and just as a wife advances the noble husband, and bears children from one

33. Just as a barren cow being mated with powerful bulls produces nothing and keeps
their semen under her control, so a performer of yajna controls all those who attempt to disturb
the yajna. Just as a calf-slipping cow, being pregnant destroys the embryo through miscarri-
age, so a strong sacrificer destroys the enemies and intruders in his yajna.

34. Atichhandas : Ati Dhriti, Ati Asbti, Ati Shakvari,and Ati jagatiare called Atichhan-
das with 76, 68, 60 and 48 syllables. A learned virtuous person is ordained to remain celibate
even upto 60, 68, 76 years like the syllables of Atichhandas.

36. Residence in houses with wide open doors which admit air from all sides increases
age, strength* health, wealth and mental peace.

286 YAJUR VEDA

aspiring after treasure and riches ; so shouldst thou with vedic verses in
Anushtap metre, acquire the strength of soul enjoyed by it throughout
life.

38. O learned person, just as dignified, affectionate ladies, fond of
knowledge, advance their virtuous children, the givers of sustenance and
preservers of life, and just as a noble wife glorifies her noble husband,
and cultivates with vedic verses in Brihati metre, in the soul, the power
of hearing created by God, so shouldst thou enjoying happiness, resulting
from the due use of wealth, parform Havan.

39. O learned person, just as oblations of purified cereals, fillers of
objects with juice, accomplishes of aims, full of fragrance, advance
through rain water the soul, preserving life, as a devoted, educated wife
advances her husband of high moral character ; and with the aid of Pankti
verses fill the soul with heroism and affluence, so shouldst thou enjoying
happiness, resulting from the proper use of wealth, perform Havan.

40. O charitably disposed teacher and preacher, just as lovely learned
persons, fulfillers of our ambitions, develop the wishful and life-preserving
soul, as parents develop their son ; so should ye associate with a person
aspiring after wealth. O learned person, so shouldst thou, with the aid of
Trishtup verses, developing the soul's power of hearing and enjoying
happiness, perform noble deeds like the yajna.

41. O learned person, just as Goddesses three, three Goddesses,
heighten the king, the protector and possessor of vital force, and pervade
everywhere, so shouldst thou with Jagati verses, developing in thy soul the
strength of overpowering the enemy's force, and enhancing the vitality
of thy physical organs, perform yajna like the sacrificer, who gives away
his treasure and wealth in charity.

42. O learned person, just as a person, praised by all, strengthens
the king, advanced in age, and endowed with noble qualities, actions and
nature, as an educated person strengthens a pupil hankering after
knowledge, and develops in the" soul beauty and power, with verses in
virat metre, so shouldst thou, enjoying the desired happiness, perform
yajna for one who uses properly his treasure and wealth.

38. Ladies .Teach ress and her girl students.

39. According to Pt. Jai Dev, Vidya Alankar, 'Pankti Chhandas' means the act of
cooking meals.

40. Trishtup verse : The military force, according to Pt. Jai Dev, Vidya Alankar.

41. Three goddesses : Teacher, Preacher, Examiner, three learned ladies. These words
have been repeated for the sake of emphasis.

CHAPTER xxvm 287

43. O learned person, just as the nice fig-tree, the Forest Sovereign
enhances long-lived, excellent prosperity, like a cultured person conducing
to the welfare of another well mannered educated man; so with Dwipada
verses, thou shouldst establish fortune and strength in the soul, and enjoy-
ing the desired happiness perform yajna for him who gives his treasure in
charity.

44. O learned person, just as nice water in the atmospheric ocean,
contributes the welfare of an aged, good ruler, and a developed soul
develops another soul, so shouldst thou with Kakup verses, for full pros-
perity, acquire fame and vital strength, and enjoying the wished for
happiness, perform yajna for him who makes proper use of his riches.

45. O learned person, just as the Omniscient God, the Fulfiller of
our desires and aims, strengthens the long-lived, virtuous soul, as a teacher
strengthens the pupil, so shouldst thou with the pleasant Ati Jagati verses
perform yajna, so that thou possessing sway, vital strength, fascinating
nature, mayest improve the king full of learning and humility, and giver of
charity from his treasure.

46. O learned person, the knower of the significance of vedic hymns,
just as this sacrif icer, cooking different kinds of meals and making special
preparations for Homa, honours today a learned priest expert in the per-
formance of yajna, so for the sake of longevity and supremacy, shouldst
thou keep a goat the remover of diseases.

Just as a learned person, the protector of forests, becomes ready
with the help of a scholar, the remover of doubts, for serving the king, the
advancer of our life and the extirpator of foes, so should all people live
together peacefully. Just as the sacrificer, feeds thee with the yajna
preparations and greasy substances, and develops thee physically, so should
you, the sacrificer and the priest eat yajna remnants.

43. Dwipada : with the strength of the two-footed servants according to Pt Jai Dev,
Vidya Alankar,

44. Kakup: a metre of 3 padas 8+124-8 syllables.

45. Atichhandas : hypermeter ; any metre of more than forty-eight syllables.

46. This verse is the same as 23rd in this chapter, but with a different interpretation.

CHAPTER XXIX

1. O learned person, brilliant like fire, famous for sagacity, just as
fire enkindled, manifesting itself, strengthens the belly of men, and enjoy-
ing the highly efficacious butter, achieves stability through educated
priests, as a skilled rider makes the horse move fast 5 so shouldst thou
attain to the desired abode of pleasure.

2. O learned person, active like the horse, just as fast electricity,
being produced from water, illuminates the paths wherein tread the
learned, wielding mastery over it, enjoy thou the company of the wise,
whereby thou mayest control all quarters and directions. Bestow thou
food on this sacrifices

3. O active, enterprising educated artisan, as thou, full of enjoyments
and kindness, utilisest adorable fire, by mixing it with serviceable material
objects, which takes thee to distant places, hence thou art worthy of
praise, veneration, swiftness, and companionship.

4. O learned person, just as we nicely expand electricity, widely
diffused on the earth, famous, pervading all parts of conveyances, water
and space, enjoyed by the people, present in heavenly bodies, giver of
comfort, indestructible, affording seat to all in electric planes, so shouldst
thou do.

5. May these your doors, beautiful, wearing different colours,
lofty, sonorous, lovely, rich in adornment, offer easy passage into houses
both right and left, like two rows of birds.

6. Just as in the body Pran and Udan regulate all its functions, so,
both morning and evening tell us of the time of commencement of the
yajna. They are beautiful and full of art. I establish them in this house
for the sake of truth.

7. O teacher and preacher, ye both, excellent amongst all, borne
on one car, bright coloured, beholding all creatures, be charitable, seers,
and spreaders of light-

I always keep ye happy and contented. Ye both, knowing the
vedic rules and ordinances, charitable in disposition, preach the light of
knowledge, with your supreme intellect.

2. It: -Electricity.

CHAPTER XXIX 289

8. May Bharati, the speech of the Adityas, illuminate your yajna.
May Saraswati, the speech of the Rudras, be our helper. May Ida, the
speech invoked in accord by the Vasus give us happiness. May these
three Goddesses place us amongst the immortals.

9. Just as a learned person, produces a brave son devoted to
scholars ; just as a horse learns through instruction how to run fast and
remain active ; just as Self-Effulgent God brings to life this universe ; so
shouldst thou Priest worship God, the Creator of the world.

10. O learned person, knowing well the path of the sages, the
benefactors of humanity ; just as fast-moving fire, coupled with water,
itself, in different seasons, performing useful deeds, gives us food, and
just as the Sun, the protector of rays, carries away our sweet oblations,
so shouldst thou deal properly with thy soul.

11. O learned person, brilliant like fire, progressing and soon
attaining to fame, through God's grace, thou guardest the sacrifice with
consecrated offering. Go unto those leading sages, who achieving success
through their accomplishments, eat our oblations.

12. O learned person, active like a horse, when thou roarest with
full splendour, like air created in the beginning by God from the atmos-
phere, and the arms of thy hero become strong like eagle-pinions, thou
deservest applause for this glaring great deed.

13. O learned persons, air creates electricity from the Earth, water
and space, and yokes it to useful ends. In conjunction with air, diffused,
renowned electricity, assumes sway everywhere, It receives the rays of
the Sun, the protector of the earth ; and makes subtle with the Sun, the
fast moving air.

14. O man, full of force like fire, by mysterious nature; thou art
coupled with action, contemplation and knowledge; thou art disciplined
like a just ruler; thou art resplendent with knowledge like the Sun ; thou
art like a learned person; thou art specially united with grandeur. They
say there are three bonds in the spread of knowledge that hold thee.

8. Adityas : Persons having first class knowledge, after observing celibacy for 48 years,
Rudras : Those who observe celibacy for 36 years, and possess good knowledge.
Vasus .Who observe celibacy for 24 years, and possess ordinary knowledge.
Bharati : Speech full of information and vigour.
Saraswati :- Speech full of knowledge.
Ida : Speech full of praise.

13. It '.Electricity,

14. Three bonds : -Three debts one owes to the sages, the parents and the learned,
called Rishi Wl, Pitri 3PF, and Peva *q.

290 YAjtJR VEDA

15. O learned person, the sages say, there are three bonds in the
spread of knowledge that hold thee; three bonds in the control of breath,
three bonds in the atmosphere that cause rain$ they speak of thy sublimest
birth, and thou payest homage to those noble learned souls; may they all be
connected with me through deliberation,

16. O enterprising commander of the army, just as 1 look after the
bathing procedures of these horses of yours, and the places for the protec-
tion of their hooves; just as in this army, I see the auspicious reins of
thy horses, which save us from misfortune, and direct their right usage, so
shouldst thou see.

17. O learned person 1 recognise thy soul going high up from below,
like the Sun in heaven. Just as I see the the aeroplanes from far, and
round like the head, soaring, striving upward by paths unsoiled by dust, and
pleasant to travel, so shouldst thou see.

18. O brave person, I behold thy form matchless in beauty, eager
to win foes and the food produced here from the Earth. Whenever
a man brings thee thy eatables, thou, then, being the most voracious eater,
swallowest medicines.

19. O learned person, when the learned amongst the graceful
persons, long for thy friendship, and educated persons favourably measure
thy vigour, the aeroplanes, ordinary run of mankind, kine and supremacy
follow thee.

20. O people, know that the head of the state should be sharp and
brilliant like horns, and lustrous like lightning. Like a horse marching on
his path, the king should be the first lord of fire and gold. His feet
should possess the velocity of mind. The members of his Cabinet should
receive their maintenance allowance from him.

21. O men, possess horses fiery in spirit, with attractive places to
sit on, thin bellied, quick conquerors of battles, well trained, fast in motion,
putting forth their strength like swans in lengthened order, and treading on
pure paths.

15. Bonds of breath : food, seed and tillage.

Bonds of atmosphere : cloud, lightning and thunder.

16. I :- King.
Which : -Reins.
Their : Horses,

17. I :KiBg.

20. Lord of fire The king should possess planes for travelling.

Velocity of mind : The king should generally fly in air with the velocity of mind, to
save time.

CHAPTER XXIX 291

22. O brave person, thy body is mortal, but thy spirit is swift like
the wind in motion. Thy soldiers are spread abroad in all directions, and
being stout and strong move about in many wildernesses; follow the path of
virtue.

23. The beautiful, lustrous, active, fast, dexterous horse, in the
company of the learned, merrily goes to the battle-field. The valiant
ride on its back, and the wise singing the praise of knowledge follow it.

24. The learned person, who being highly respected, longs for the
eminent position of friends, educated father and mother and the sages^
and exceedingly acquires eatables for the donor, deserves to be loved
by all.

25. O wise person, respecter of friends, thou, this day, kindled
like the illuminated fire, walkest in their company, as a reflective, literary
person. Rich in intellect, tormentor of the wicked, highly conscious
possessing unobstructed knowledge of all subjects, cultivate fully noble
virtues in the house.

26. O fair-tongued, preserver of various objects, make pleasant
for all, the commendable paths of rectitude, with thy sweet sermon and
excellent exposition. Develop the society and philosophical subjects
with thy holy thoughts, and strengthen our innocuous worship through
learned persons.

27. To these the pure, the most wise, the thought-inspirers, learn-
ed persons, who enjoy food conducive both to body and soul, who are
worthy of veneration, respected by the people, and full of greatness, we
offer admiration with deeds of devotion.

28. O learned person, full of noble qualities, amongst scholars, thou
art charitable and companionable. Walk in the company of these prompt
scholars. Being lovely towards the learned, deserving praise and adora-
tion, go near them.

29. O men, in this world, the Immortal God, All-pervading like
space, beyond the light of day, early in the morning before dawn, grants
to the learned and immortal soul happiness that removes miseries and is
most excellent. Know and realise Him following the instructions of
the vedas.

30 O men, learn all sciences, just as wives, highly cultured and
virtuous, well experienced in all domestic dealings, dwellers in nice houses,

23. Excellent horses are helpful in gaining victory in a battle.

29. Those who say their prayer and remember God early in the morning before sunrise ,
attain to happiness and get freedom from misery.

292 YAJUR VEDA

decorated with ornaments, tall like doors, deck their beauty for their
noble husbands, and serve them.

31. O learned person, acquire prosperity by properly using day
and night, that move continuously in the wheel of time, each close to
each, seated at their stations, assuming light and darkness, lofty, fair and
radiant beauty like two women.

32. O men, learn fine arts from two skilled persons, who are compe-
tent amongst the learned, charitably disposed, well-known, sweet-voiced,
executors of projects, inducers of men in scientific knowledge, and acts of
sacrifice, preachers of the doctrines of the vedas, and expounders of
mechanical knowledge

33. May Bharati, Ida, Saraswati, in this mechanical work, come unto
us from all sides, speedily expounding the secrets of mechanical science,
like thoughtful person. May these three intellectual forces, guide us,
the performers of nice enterprises, in this mighty project, the source
of comfort.

34. O seeker after knowledge, extremely fond of companionship,
urged, receiving education from everywhere, thou deservest homage, as
thou always rememberest that God, Who, in this world, creates different
spheres, these Earth and Sun, the progenitors of various actions and brings
about the creation and dissolution of the universe.

35. O learned person, put into fire, at different seasons, with devo-
tion, in the form of oblations, eatables mixed with honey and butter,
fit to be taken by the learned. May the Sun, cloud and fire receive thy
oblations.

36. The enlightened person, who speedily attains to fame, and mana-
ges different transactions, with truth-imbued words of a learned fellow,
and precedes scholars, and the remnants of whose properly performed
Homa are eaten by the learned, deserves all round veneration.

37. O men, making the illiterate, literate, the poor, rich, shine with
the beams of knowledge.

32. The word $W in the verse means two persons, one of whom is skilled in teaching
fine arts, and the other is expert in handicrafts.

33. Bharati : The knowledge of fine arts,
Ida: Beautiful, trained* sweet voice.
Saraswati: Wisdom full of knowledge.

35. Articles put into the fire in the performance of Havan, being rarefied reach the
sun and cloud.

36. Remnants : the $fc residue of the yajna.

37. He is an Apta 3TTH, who makes the poor, rich, and the ignorant, wise.

CHAPTER XXIX 293

38. The warrior's look is like the thunderous rain-cloud, when,
armed with mail, he seeks the lap of battle. Be thou victorious with
unwounded body, and let the strength of thy armour save thee.

39. With military weapons let us win the Earth, with them the
battle, with cannon let us win the ease-loving army of our foes. War-like
weapons destroy the ambitions of the foeman. Armed with the bow may
we subdue all regions.

40. This bow-string strained on the bow whispers like a woman, and
preserves us in the combat, as a wife, fain to speak, offering advic6,
embraces her affectionate, praiseworthy husband.

41. Just as a learned wife behaves towards her husband, and a
mother towards her child} so these two bow-strings, well procured,
together beat the foes, and in unison scatter asunder, the foes who hate
us.

42. With many a son, father of many daughters, he clangs and
clashes as he goes to battle, with the quiver slung on the back, the born
hero, vanquishes all the scattered armies.

43. The skilful driver, sitting in the conveyance, guides his horses
in the front, in whichever direction he likes. Just as mind keeps the
organs under control, so reins from behind, control the horse. See and
admire the strength of these controlling reins,

44. Warriors with arms in hand, conveying soldiers swiftly along
conveyances, trample upon the foes devoid of friendship, with their
forefeet.

Fast running horses neigh loudly. Soldiers not burdening their
master economically, destroy their foes.

45. Let us honour that aeroplane, each day that passes, with
hearts full of joy, in which are laid necessary ingredients for propelling it,
and gun, cannon, shield, bow, arrow, armour and military equipment of this
warrior.

46. Let our rulers, be partakers of savoury food, long-lived, patient
in adversity, powerful, deep-minded, armed wiih wondrous army, strong
in arrows, robust, possessors of long legs and broad chests, invincible, and
conquerors of numerous hosts.

47. May virtuous people, promoters of truth, protectors, knowers
of God and the vedas, and the Heaven and Earth indestructible in nature,

42. Quivers, arrows and bow-strings are the sons and daughters of a warrior.

294 YAJUR VEDA

conduce to our welfare. May God, the Nourisher, save us from sinful con-
duct, guard us, and let not the evil-wisher master us.

48. O brave soldiers give us protection in the army, where there
are commanders, adequate transport arrangements, where arrows and
weapons are used swiftly like a deer, controlled with cow-leather strings,
which pounces upon the enemy forcibly, duly persuaded, and its warriors
run together or go hither and thither in different directions.

49. O learned person, drive straight away diseases from our body,
so that it may be strong like stone. Give us instructions about efficacious
medicine and Earth, and grant us happiness.

50. O queen, who trainest horses, just as heroes, whip sharply the
back of these horses, and lead young soldiers, so shouldst thou drive
sagacious chargers in the battles

51. May the energetic learned person, discharging arrow from the
bow-string, and extirpating the opposing foe from all sides, protect the
virile person, in every way, and thundering like a cloud with his armies,
acquire all sorts of worldly knowledge.

52. O king powerful like the Sun, be our friend, conqueror of foes,
yoked with brave, victorious heroes, firm and strong in body.

Thou art the possessor of various parts of Earth, make us strong.
May thy commander-in-chief win foes deserving defeat.

53. O learned person, give us the vitality possessed by the Sun and
Earth, the strength of trees, the vitalising juice of waters. Fill thy car
with warlike weapons shining like the sun's rays.

54. O beautiful, highly educated person, accepting gifts we offer,
know the significance of the fall of lightning, realise the force of the army
of men, the inner feelings of friends, the promptings of the soul of the
virtuous, and enjoy our company, and all acceptable objects.

55. O commander, thundering aloud like the drum, being full of
supremacy, with the help of the learned, drive thou afar, yea, very far,
our foemen. Grant life to the denizens of the Earth, and persons exalted
like Heaven. Regard the world as pervaded with space and lightning.
May thy rule give thee pleasure.

56. O commander, whose army thunders like the war drum, drive
away all dangers, fill us full of vigour, gain supremacy, expand the army,
make those weep, who behave like depraved dogs, let thy administration
be well knit like the fist, make efficient arrangements for electricity in
the army, and enjoy all comforts.

CHAPTER xxix

57. O commander, drive thither away the troops of the enemy,
and bring back ours safe after victory. Let our cavalry march forth, in
accompaniment with the beating of war-drums. Let our car-warriors be
triumphant.

58. The black necked animal is ferocious like fire ; the ewe is mild
like speech ; the brown animal is calm and pleasant like the Moon ; the
dusky animal is strong in body ; the black-backed animal is fiery like the
Sun ; the dappled animal possesses various qualities ; the red animal is
full of heat like the Sun ; the black and white coloured animal is fast like
the air ; the strong bodied animal possesses the qualities of the Sun and
fire ; the bird that flies low is furious like the Sun ; the black coloured
bird with one white foot is calm and peaceful like water.

59. A red-marked ox is strong and strenuous like the learned
commander of the army ; animals with white spots below are active like
the Sun ; animals with silvery navel are full of force ; yellow hornless
animals are imbued with many qualities ; black and white animal is swift
like air ; the black-faced he-goat is ferocious like fire ; the ewe is sweet
like speech ; the fast running animal is fast like water.

60. To the fiery soul possessing the qualities of Satva, Rajas and
Tamas, the crosser of ocean by means of ships, expounded in Gayatri
metre, should be offered the food cooked in eight pot-herds. To the
highly strong soul, well-versed in fifteen kinds of Trishtup metre, be
offered the food cooked in eleven pot-herds. To the divine persons,
endowed with diverse qualities, as described in all the seventeenfold Jagati
metre, should be offered the food cooked in twelve pot-herds. To Pran
and Udan delineated in Anushtup and twentyone fold virat metres, should
be offered a mess of curdled milk. To the protectors of the great, sublime
in assemblies, renowned in action, contemplation and knowledge, celebra-
ted for strength should be offered special food. To the man acquiring
supremacy, coupled with thirty three kinds of wealth, mentioned in
Ushnik metre, should be offered the food cooked in twelve pot-herds. To
father and mother should be offered the food prepared in the cooking pot ;
the same be offered to the entire space protected by the All-pervading
God. To the brilliant amongst all men, shining like lightning, be offered
the food cooked in twelve pot-herds. For the follower, refined food
should be prepared in eight pot-herds.

60. The significance of pot-herds and the food prepared therein is not clear to me.
According to Pt. Jai Dev, Vidya Alankar. the word ^qic5 (pot-herd) merely denotes division.
T means a mature thought well considered by eight learned persons. Similarly

mean an idea which is the result of the deliberations of eleven and twelve scholars.
Food has been compared to the well thought out idea, resulting from the joint mental cooking
of learned persons.

CHAPTER XXX

1. O Divine God, create for wealth and supremacy, the king, who
is glorious, the protector of the Earth, the purifier of knowledge, the
cleanser of our wisdom, the master of speech, who renders our speech
sweet, smooth, mild and lovely. Make his rule successful.

2. Let us adore the supremacy of that divine God, the Creator of
the universe, Self-illumined, and Sublime. We invoke Him to direct
our understanding aright.

3. O God, full of noble attributes, actions and nature, send far
away all vices and calamities, and grant us virtues.

4. We praise God, the Procurer of comforts, the Distributor of
wondrous wealth, the Creator, and the Seer of men.

5. O God create a Brahmana, who knows the veda and God, for
propagating the knowledge of God and the veda ; a Kshatriya prince for
the safety of kingdom ; a vaisha for rearing the cattle ; a Shudra for hard
labour and service. Cast aside the thief, who steals in darkness ; the
destroyer of heroes, who passes his days in jail, the eunuch mentally
disposed to licentiousness, the dacoit bent on looting and harming people ;
the harlot full of lust ; and the bard disposed to abuse.

6. O God, create for dance a bard ; for song a public dancer ; for
duty one who administers justice ; for sweetness a panegyrist ; for
pleasure a wife-lover husband ; for dexterity a car-builder ; for firmness
a carpenter.

Cast aside, a debauchee who indulges in conversation with the
dissolute ; a ridiculer fond of derision ; an illegitimate virgin's son,
addicted to carelessness.

1. Western scholars like Griffith, Colefcrooke, Weber, Wilson, Muir, Oldenberg, and
Max Muller consider this and the next chapter meant for human sacrifice. This is an
erroneous idea.

Just as Ashvamedha does not mean Horse sacrifice, but the Improvement of land for
growing more food, so Puru-hmedha does not mean human sacrifice, but the perfection of man
for spiritual and worldly advancement. This interpretation put upon these two words by
Rishi Dayananda is highly logical and rational. 'Tis pity the western scholars, following
Mahidhar and Say ana, have miserably failed to understand the true purport of these words.

2. This verse occurs in 335, and 229. It is called Savitri of Gayatri Mantra.
4. God being present in our soul, sees all our actions, good and bad.

6. ^cP -the son of a Kshatriya by a Brahmana woman, who generally does the
business of dancing.

CHAPTER XXX 297

7. O God, create for penance a potter's son ; for sharpening intellect
an artificer ; for beauty a jeweller ; for welfare a sower ; for arrows a
maker of shafts ; for destructive weapons a bowyer ; for victory a bow-
string maker ; for control a ropemaker. Cast aside a hunter bent on
murder ; and a dog-rearer the helper of the murderer.

8. O God, cast aside the vile man who pollutes rivers ; Nishada's
son, hankering after libidinous women ; a degraded arrogant man, friend
of a person harmful like a tiger : an uneducated person attached to low
dancing and singing women ; the demented, given to the application of;
magical rites ; an untrustworthy person who befriends the serpents and
the fools ; a gambler who acquires wealth by unlawful means ; a non-
gambler who creates unnecessary excitement ; a woman who creates
split amongst the Pishachas, the thorny woman who favours the
freebooters.

9. O God, cast aside a lover, who cohabits with another's wife ; a
paramour having illicit connection with a domestic woman ; an unmarried
elder brother suffering from the pangs of passion ; younger brother who
has married before his elder to inherit his father's property ; the husband
of a younger sister whose elder sister has not been married, for ulterior
motives of greed ; a licentious adorned woman who pretends for penance j
a lustful go-between woman bent on arousing passions; a by-sitter for
garrulity, an obstinate man who insists upon acceptance ; and him who
offers presents in the shape of bribe, to gain strength.

10. O God keep aside a hunch-back bent on destruction ; a dwarf
given to carnal pleasures ; a blear-eyed man as a gate-keeper ; a blind man

8. tftflre: the son of a Nishad by a Shudra woman, a vile person. Nishada is the name
of one of the wild aboriginal tribes in India, such as, hunters, fishermen etc, man of a
degraded tribe in general an outcast, a chandala, the son of a Brahmana by a Shudra woman.

Pishachas -. those whose aims and ambitions have been destroyed through immoral
conduct, or those who are fond of eating raw meat mixed with blood.

9. Upapati : Second husband, a paramour who uses a woman as his wife in the presence
of her legal husband.

Parivittam : an elder brother who is unmarried, while his younger brother is married,
This means that elder brother should be married first. The State should enact a law, that
no younger brother be married before his elder brother is married. The words convey
condemnation of the elder brother, a prey to lust, who pleads for his marriage.

Parivividanam : younger brother who marries before bis elder.

Edidhishu-pati : the husband of a younger sister; whose elder sister is unmarried. Such
a marriage should ordinarily be prohibited by law.

10. A man suffering from eye-disease should not be appointed as a gate-keeper,

A blind man should not be appointed as a watchman, otherwise you can't have a sound-
sleep, as he cannot protect you against thieves.

A deaf man cannot listen to religious preachings, and hence does not know what is truth
and Dharma.

298 YAJUR VEDA

for sleep > and a deaf man devoid of righteousness. O God create &
physician for purifying our body with the eradication of disease ; an
astronomer for the advancement of knowledge ; an inquisitive man full of
craving for knowledge ; an extra inquisitive man for desire of extra
knowledge ; and a question-solver for establishing moral law.

11. O God, create an elephant-keeper for deep walking; a horse-
keeper for speed ; a cowherd for nourishment ; a shepherd for manliness j
a goatherd for enhancing keenness , a ploughman for growing more food ;
a preparer of Soma for obtaining essence ef medicines and food ; a house-
guard for weal ; a possessor of wealth for well-being ; and an obedient
attendant for supervision.

12. O God create a wood-bringer for Light ; a fire-kindler for
brightness ; a besprinkler for horse's path ; a high steward for highest
happiness, a master of all sorts of knowledge, for the sight of the learned ;
a distributor of knowledge, for the benefit of humanity ; a magnanimous
person who contributes to the happiness of all . a washer-woman for
cleanliness ; an affectionate wife for domestic happiness. O God, cast
aside a wicked person bent on teasing, murdering, and offering opposition.

13. O God cast aside, a thievish hearted man bent on violence, a
slanderer bent on homicide. O God create, a religious-minded man for
discrimination ; an ascetic as a wise counsellor ; a servant for strength ,
an observer of celibacy for plenty of progeny ; a sweet speaker for
affection ; a cavalier for safety ; a collector of taxes for enjoying full
happiness ; a talented man spreading knowledge for highest happiness,

14. O God drive away, a mentally angry man, blazing like red hot
iron ; an invader full of ire ; an assailant destined for grief ; an embarrassed
barren woman bent on violence.

O God create a yogi for the practice of yoga ; an alleviator of suffer-
ings for welfare ; a mechanic skilled in running ships; car and aeroplanes
for going to high and low places ; a thoughtful person for welfare of the
body j a well-behaved wife of noble deeds for a Brahmchari ; a wealthy
lady for acquiring land.

15. O God, for administration create a woman who gives birth to
rulers ; for the harmless physicians a woman who has miscarried ; for the

13 ^flRfK :-is an ascetic who offers wise counsel to great men at the time of danger.
This post was held by Sanjaya for Dhirtarashtra, Vidura for Duryodhan, and Sumanta for
Dashratha.

15. A woman suffering from miscarriage should be treated by learned, sympathetic
physicians.

CHAPTER XXX 299

Samvatsar, first year, a woman who gives birth to a male and female child
alternately ; for the Parivatsar, second year, a celibate virgin ; for the
Idvatsar, 3rd year, one who is fond of roaming $ for the Idvatsar, fifth
year, one who is highly learned ; for one year, an ailing woman > for four
years, one with grey hair, for the wise, a friend of the invincible, and for
executive projects, men of skill and proficiency.

16. O God. create the son of a fisherman for crossing ponds ; a paid
servant for menial service ; the son of a Nishada for managing small tanks ;
a dry fish clearer for reed'beds a celibate who controls passions for uneven
impassable places ; aboatsman for crossing watery places; an engineer
for constructing bridges over rivers.

O God, drive away a hunter's son bent upon killing deer ; a contemp-
tible Bhil for sounds ; a Kirata for caverns ; a destructive savage for
living on mountain-heights j a wild man for living in mountains.

17. O God drive away a sweeper's son bent on ferocity ; a dissatis-
fied person given to back-biting ; a slothful person destined for poverty ;
a shameless person bent on losing wealth ; a destroyer and splitter bent on
violence.

O God create a goldsmith for beautifying ornaments ; a merchant for
exact weighing ; a bringer of happiness for all human beings with his
assistants ; a watchful man for prosperity ; an eloquent debater for
alleviation of suffering.

18. O God drive away a gambler, friend of the dice-king ; a person
with evil designs for murdering cows ; a cow-killer for gallows > one who

A woman who gives birth to a male and female child alternately should observe celibacy
for one year, to be free from this defect. The question of the marriage of the virgin girls
should be decided in the second year.

A girl fond of roaming should wait for marriage for three years.

A learned woman should not be married, but should wait for five years.

An ailing woman shoul J observe celibacy for one year.

A husband should wait for four years for progeny in the case of a wife grown grey-haired
before time.

Samvatsar, Parivatsar, Idavatsar, Anuvatsar, Idvatsar constitute a cycle of five
years.

16. Nishada : the son of a Brahman a by a Shudra woman, a fisherman. Bhil is a black
man, who carries bows and arches in his hands, and shoots you in the direction from where
he hears your sound.

Kirata : a savage who lives by hunting and resides in pits and caves.

A dry fish clearer * A person who clears the reed-beds of dry, dead fish in summer,
and thus earns his living by labour, but does not eat them, or sell them for his livelihood'

300 YAJUR VEDA

for hunger goes begging to a man who is cutting up a cow ; a leader of
meat eaters bent on misdeed ; the son of a depraved person, befriending
a sinner,

O God create a wise person who soon realizes the shortcomings in
the acts performed ; a person who is fit in childhood, youth and old age ;
one endowed with capability for this world and the next ; a leader of the
Assembly for drying up the resources of the enemy.

19. O God, create a man of iron determination for the implemen-
tation of vow ; a loud-voiced man for proclamation ; a comprehensive
speaker for establishing propriety of conduct ; a mute for unending
lawless discussion ; a Iute-pla3 r er for great festivals ; a conch-blower, for
calling neighbouring and distant people ; a forest-guard, for the protec-
tion of forest ; and drive away a creator of uproar bent on uttering
frightening sounds ; a flute-blower intending singing songs of lamenta-
tion ; a forest burner contemplating the destruction of jungles.

20. O God, drive away a harlot fond of pastime ; a strange mad
man inclined to laughter ; the daughter of a man with spotty skin bent
on killing aquatic creatures ; create for reverence, the following, a
headman, a mathematician, a watchman. Create a lute-player, a player on
musical instruments with hands, a flutist, for dance ; and a hand clapper
for pleasure.

21. O God, create bulky substances for fire ; serpents to crawl on
earth 5 a pole-dancer for mid-air ; a monkey-like green-eyed man for the
Sun ; a whitish person for giving pleasure like the Moon ; a white yellow-
eyed man for day, and drive away an impure person who emits foul air
from his body ; a bald prone to jest and joke ; a spotty man who is bent
upon opposing the rulers ; a black man with yellow eyes who prefers
darkness.

22. O kings, just as a learned man comes in contact with the eight
following variform men ; one tt>o tall, one too short, one too stout, one
too thin, one too white, one too black, one too bald, one too hairy, so
should ye do.

19. Just as a mute remains silent to an unending discussion ungoverned by rules and
regulations, so we should observe silence in a futile discussion* ,

21. Fire burns the bulky substances.

22. People of low character should not be allowed to mix with others and spread the
contagion of their vices.

They should be kept in prison or far away from the town.

CHAPTER XXX 301

Those connected with the kings, who are neither Shudras nor
Brahmanas should also come in their contact.

A murderer, a harlot and eunuch, neither of Shudra nor Brahmana
caste should be made to dwell at a distance. Loyal subjects and devotees
of God should dwell near.

CHAPTER XXXI

1. The Almighty God, hath the power of a thousand heads,
thousand eyes } a thousand feet.

Pervading the Earth on every side He transgresses the universe.

2. God, the Lord of final emancipation is in truth the creator
of all that hath been and what yet shall be ; and what grows on earth.

3. The visible and invisible universe displays His grandeur. Yea,
He is greater than this universe.

All worlds are but a part of Him, the rest lies in His Immortal,
Resplendent Nature.

4. God, with three-fourths of His grandeur rises higher than all,
separate from the world, enjoying liberation. With one fourth of His
grandeur He creates and dissolves the universe again and again. Then
pervading the animate and inanimate creation He resides therein. -

5. God creates the universe, and lords over it.

1. Mr. Griffith translates cl^II^JJrt^ (Dashangulam) as a space of ten fingers, which is
meaningless.

Thousand means innumerable. Dash Angulam (TRII^Jc&tO the world which is made up
of ten parts, i. e. t five gross and five subtle elements. Five gross elements are earth, water,
air, fire and atmosphere. Five subtle elements are sight (^) smell (its), speech (3H5)
taste (TO), touch (TO!).

2. The word (W3) has been wrongly interpreted as food and nourishment.
Colebrooke translates the line : 'He is that, which grows by nourishment.' God is not a

material object which requires nourishment for growth. He is Everlasting and Immaterial.

Muir renders it thus : *He is also the Lord of immortality since by food He expands:'

Professors Ludwig and Wilson also give the same explanation.

Sayana interprets it thus ; 'He is the Lord or Distributor of immortality because He
becomes the visible world in order that living beings may obtain the fruits of their actions
and gain moksha or final liberation from their bonds ! This interpretation is highly irrational
and illogical. God being immaterial cannot assume a visible form. He is spoken of in the
vedas as wi^ without a body. The interpretation of the wastern scholars is mostly based on
that o! Sayana.

Swami Da yananda interprets ?F3 as Earth, out of which grow all trees, vegetables,
and corns.

3. God is indivisible. He can't be spoken of as having parts.

The words Pad a fourth and Tripad three-fourths are used figuratively to show His
immensity and world's littleness.

4. What eats is the animate, and what eats not is the inanimate creation*

5. The creation of the Earth is mentioned for distinction, though Earth is ordinarily
included in the creation of the universe,

CHAPTER XXXI 303

He. then pre-existent, remains aloof from the world, arid
afterwards creates the Earth.

6. From that great God, adorable by all, were created curd and
clairfied butter.

He creates the wild and tame animals swift like air.

7. From that Adorable God unto Whom people make every kind
of sacrifice, were created the Rig Veda. From Him was created the
Atharva veda and also the Yajur veda.

8. From God were born horses, and from Him were born all cattle
with two rows of teeth.

From Him were generated kine, from Him were goats and sheep
produced.

9. O men know Him, the perfect God, existent before the creation
of the world, and highly adorable, Him the learned, the yogis and the
Rishis realise in the innermost recesses of their hearts, and worship as
directed by the vedas preached by him.

10. O learned people, ye realise the perfect God in diverse ways :
and describe Him in manifold manners. In this creation of God, who is
exalted like the mouth ? Who possesses the strength like arms ? Who
does the work of thighs ? Who is low like the feet ?

11. In God's creation, the Brahmana in body politic is like the head
in the body, a Kshatriya is like arms, a Vaisha is like thighs, and a
Shudra is considered as feet.

6. Wild animals of the forest, like lion, and tame animals of the village like cow, which
are quick in motion like the air have been created by God. The word 3TQoZJT^ has been
translated by some as bird- of air, but Rishi Dayananda translates it as fast like air.

3F*f fj ^QivKJ** 3T?lo 3-8-4-8.

According to Shatpath Brahmana ^IQIVXAI^ may also mean food.

9. Rishis : men who know the significance of vedic verses.

11. Brahmana : one who knows God and the veda, and is their devotee.

Kshatriya : He who is warlike in spirit, and defends the country like soldiers.

Vaisha : the agriculturist and tradesman, the chief supporter of the society.

Shudra : A labourer on whose toil and industry all prosperity ultimately depends.

This verse contains reply to the questions raised in the previous verse. The four
castes in the society have been compared to the four parts of the body.

Commentators like Mahi Dkar and Ubbat translate this verse to mean that a Brahmana
is born out of God's mouth, a Kshatriya out of His arms, a vaislu out of His thighs, and a
Shudra out of His feet, This interpretation is wrong as God has got no body.

304 YAJUR VEDA

12. The Moon was engendered from His strength of knowledge 5
the sun was born from His power of refulgence, the air and ten vital
breaths were born from His power of space, fire was born from His power
of destruction.

13. Mid-air was produced from His central power of space 5 from
His excellent head-like strength was fashioned the sky. Earth came into
being from His primordial power ; and the quarters from His power of
space. Similarly were other regions treated.

14. When the learned perform, meditating upon the Adorable
God, the sacrifice of mental worship, then morning is its butter, mid-day
its fuel, and mid-night its oblation.

15. The mental sacrifice, performing which, the learned concentrate
upon the knowable God in their hearts, has seven coverings and twenty
one kinds of kindling fuel.

16. The learned worship God through mental contemplation. Their
holy ordinances for the worship of God are immemorial. Such noble
souls in particular enjoy the happiness of final beatitude, in which dwell
the ancient yogis and learnd devotees.

17. God creates in the beginning with His urge this world nourished
by waters, earth and sun. Fixing its form, He assigns in the beginning
the wisdom and duties of mankind,

18. I know this Mighty, Perfect God. who is Refulgent like the Sun
and free from ignorance.

12. Ten vital breaths : Pranair in the heart, Apan in the anus, Saman in the navel,
Udan in the throat, Vyan in the whole body, and Nag, Kurma, Krikal, Dev Dutt, Dhananjaya.

14, Sacrifice ' Yajna.
Its ; of the Yajna.

In the absence of outward provisions a mental sacrifice is to be performed. Then
morning, mid-day and mid-night should be imagined to serve the purpose of butter, fuel and
oblation of the yajna.

15, Seven coverings are the seven metres Chhandas in which the vedic verses encom-
pass the yajna.

Twenty one kinds of fuel .-Matter, Mahat, Tatva (Intellect), Ahankar (Egotism), five
subtle elements (^WR ), five gross elements (^55^cT) five organs of cognition, (fftfeTO) satva,
Rajas, Tamsa, three qualites. These twenty one materials serve as fuel to the contemplative
yajoa, the learned perform. Griffith says 'This pantheistic hymn, which is generally called
the Purushasukta, is of comparatively recent origia Nothing can be farther from truth than
this statement. The hymn is the part and parcel of the yajur veda, and is hence as old and
immemorial as the Veda itself.

16, Holy ordinances : The teachings of the Vedas.

18. Knowledge of God alone is the sure path for salvation.

CHAPTER XXXl 305

He Only who knows Him feels not the pangs of death. For salva-
tion there is no other path save this.

19. God, the protector of men, pervades the soul in the womb and
the hearts of all. Being unborn, He manifests himself in various ways.

Yogis alone realise His true nature. In Him stand all existing worlds.

20. The sun gives light and heat to the useful objects like the
Earth; stands first and foremost in the centre for the good of all heavenly
bodies, is born ere the Earth etc. and being the creation of Gracious God
gives us food.

21. The learned persons in the beginning, making thee a lovable
devotee of God, preach the eternity of God, Soul and Matter. The
Brahmana who thus knows the nature of God, shall have learned persons in
his control.

22. Grandeur and Fortune are Thy two wives :, Thy sides are Day
and Night. Constellations are Thy form : the Aswins are Thy open
Mouth. Imploring grant salvation unto me, grant me all sorts of knowledge
and pleasures.

21 Thee ' A devotee of God.

22. Thy : God's Aswins . The Sun and Moon.

Just as wives serve and protect their husbands, so God protects all through His
grandeur and might.

Day and Night are two phases of the Sun. When it rises and shines it is day, when it
sets it is night. So when God shines in our heart, it is day through His lustre and knowledge. It
is night when darknes? (ignorance) prevails in the soul, and we forget God. All luminous
objects exhibit the beauty and glory of God, In this Purushiukta the metamorphosic nature of
God is spoken of figuratively.

CHAPTER XXXII

1. God is Agni being Self-refulgent; He is Aditya as He engulfs
all at the time of dissolution of the universe ; He is Vayu as He is All-
powerful; He is Chandrama as He is full of pleasure and is the giver of
pleasure; He is Shukra as He is pure and quick in action; He is Brahma as
He is great; He is Apa being All-pervading j He is Prajapati as He is the
guardian of His creatures.

2. All divisions of time sprang from the Resplendent, Perfect
God. No one hath comprehended Him from above, across; or in the
midst.

3. There is no image of Him whose glory verily is great. He
sustains within Himself all luminous objects like the Sun etc. May
He not harm me, this is my prayer. As He is unborn, He deserves our
worship.

4. O learned persons, this very God pervadeth all regions. He
was present in the minds of all in the last cycle of creation; He is
present now, and will be present in future cycles. He exists, controlling
everything, with His power of facing all directions.

5. Before Whom, naught whatever sprang to being; Who with
His presence aids all creatures. God, the guardian of His subjects,
rejoicing in His offspring, maintains the three great Lustres. He is
Shodashi.

6. May we realise with love and devotion, God, the Embodiment of
happiness; who has made the heavens strong, and the beautiful Earth firm,

2. God is indivisible, hath no physical organs, and is ubiquitous

3. This verse condemns idol-worship, and incarnation.

See Yajur Veda Chapter 25, 'verses 10, 13, 12, 102, and 8-36, 37.

4. uWl^H : He without pos< easing the physical organs, does their work.

5. Three great Lustres : Lightning, Sun and Moon.

Shodashi : Possessing sixteen powers ; as enumerated in the Prashna Upanishad,
question sixth.

They are : 1. Vital breath, Pran. 2. Faith, Shraddha. 3. Space,

Akash. 4. Air 5. Fire 6- Water 7. Earth 8. Sense-

organ, Indriya. 9. Mind 10. Grain (corn) 11. Semen, Virya. 12,

Austerity, Tapsa. 13. Vedic hymns 14. Moral duty 15. Worlds

16. Name,

This universe possessing these 16 powers and attributes is created by God and resides
in Him who is the master of this universe with sixteenfold attributes and powers.

CHAPTER XXXII 307

is full of pleasure, and being free from all miseries is all Bliss and is the
Maker of all worlds in the space.

7. Whom, the Sun and Earth, the supporters of all, moving in their
orbits, worthy of praise for their virtues, affording shelter to humanity, do
acknowledge; in Whom the Sun shines in fullj Who shines after manifest-
ing great waters and vast space; Whom the teacher and preacher visualise
through intellect; may we through concentration realise Him, who is full oi
lustre and happiness.

8. The sage beholdeth the eternal conscious God hidden in the
inmost recesses of the heart ; in Whom this world hath found a solitary
abode. In Him is this universe dissolved and then created. He is ubiqui-
tous, and pervades souls and matter like warp and woof.

9. May the learned person, who knows the vedas, soon expatiate
upon the Eternal and Conscious God, the Imperishable abode of salvation,
and hidden in intellect. There are three steps of eternal God, placed
in comprehension. He who knows them becomes the watchman of God
through theism.

10. He is our Brother, our Father and Begetter. He knows all
beings and all worlds. In Him, the third high stage, the learned obtain-
ing the bliss of salvation, move at will.

11. God manifests Himself pervading the five elements, the worlds
and all the Quarters and Mid-quarters.

The learned person having studied the four vedas created in the
beginning, unites himself with God the Embodiment of Truth.

12. God fully pervading the Heaven and Earth, the worlds, the
Quarters, the eternal bliss ; controlling the lengthened thread of Matter,
views it, masters it, was its master and will remain so.

13. Having worshipped with truthful action and speech, God
Wondrous, the lovely Friend of Soul, may I acquire wisdom which dis-
criminates between truth and untruth.

14. That wisdom which the sages and scholars long for ; with that
wisdom, O God, with Thy truthful speech, make me wise today.

9. Three steps : Creation, Sustenance and Dissolution of the universe, or present, past
and future.

The word soon enjoins upon all the knowers of the vedas to lose no time in preaching
the vedic truths.

10. The third high station : God is higher than matter and soul. Matter is the first,
soul the second and God the third stage of man's evolution of knowledge.

11. Five elements : Water, air, fire, earth, ether.
14. Truthful speech : Knowledge of the vedas.

Today : Ever (Tomorrow never comes).

308 YAJUR VEDA

15. May the Supreme God grant me wisdom, in consonance with
the performance of religious duty. May the Omniscient God and Pro-
tector of man grant me wisdom. May the Omnipotent God grant me
wisdom, May the Almighty Father grant me wisdom, May the Ruler of
the universe grant me wisdom.

16. O God, through Thy grace, leading a life of truth, may these
Brahmans and Kshatriyas of my country enjoy the splendour and wealth of
my government. Just as the learned persons bestow best splendour and
wealth on me, so O seeker after truth may we try for that splendour and
wealth for thee.

CHAPTER XXXIII

1. In this God's creation, may the fires, ever active, protectors
against foes, coupled with fragrant smoke, purifying, white, wealth-
producing, ever stirring, recipients of prosperity, seated in woods, rays
and water, and potent like winds preserve our houses.

2. Various flames of fire, moving in nature, bannered with the
smoke, fanned by the wind, rise, aloft to heaven.

3. O learned person, honour our friends, revered persons, and
scholars. Preach grand truth unto us, and manage thy domestic
affairs.

4. O learned person, just as a charioteer yokes fast horses highly
praised by the experts, so shouldst thou arrange fast burning fires, and
verily take thy seat as Hota instructed by the aged sages.

5. Just as two women, with fair aim, unlike in semblance, feed
themselves, and each in succession nourishes a child in embryo, and one
bears a quiet, fascinating babe, and the other an active, fair, shining babe,
so do dark and bright night and day exibt, and work for uplift of the
world as a child. In one of them is born the peaceful Moon, pleasing to
the mind ; and in the other is born the beautiful, purifying and lustrous
Sun.

6. The explorers, in this world, hold for the people, this fire,
vastly expanded, comfort-giving, pariseworthy, investigable in all useful
projects.

The learned, and the householders with their disciples and children,
specially kindle in woods this fire, wondrous in its attributes, actions and
nature, spreading to every place.

7. The skilled mechanics should utilise fire in making automobiles
travel for 3339 miles. Fire and water should be employed in making

1. Fires : Electricity and the sacrificial fire.

2. Bannered with the smoke : Smoke acts like the flag of fire. Just as a flag from a
distance gives us the impression of any army, so smoke seen from a distance gives us the idea
of fire. We should utilise these fires for worldly purposes.

4. See 1337.

6. Fire means electricity.

7. Distance of 3339 miles means, the automobiles can be made to travel in a non-stop
flight thousands of miles, far and wide.

It is not clear why this number of 3339 has been selected to convey the idea of an
aeroplane's flight.

310 YAJUR VEDA

them cover the atmosphere. For this fire, the sacrificer should constantly
be seated, to perform Havan.

8. The learned manifest fire, the head of heaven, resident of Earth,
the benefactor of humanity, properly employed in the Yajna, surpassing
in the beauty, blazing with lustre, the guest of men, created by the mouth-
like power of God for the sake of protection.

9. Just as the brilliant, active sun slays the clouds, so should a wise
man, aspiring after wealth, remove his vices, having recourse to various
devices.

10. Just as the sun, with the aid of All-sustaining air, drinks the
sweet essence of all medicinal herbs, so should a learned person enjoy the
essence of the medicinal herbs of his friend.

11. When, for rain, the pure light, coming out of the fire of a
yajna full of ghee oblations, reaches the Sun ; he creates in the atmosphere
and sends in the form of rain, water, invigorating, pure, youth-infusing,
and drinkable.

12. Show thyself strong for mighty bliss, O king most excellent be
thy effulgent splendours. Strengthen through Brahmcharya the well-
knit bond of wife and husband, and trample down the might of those who
hate us.

13. O learned teacher, as thou payest attention to the weighty words
of ours, the Brahmcharis; so we, along with men resplendent like the
sun, accept thee deserving of highest reverence.

The best men, with strength and wealth, please thee, godly in nature
powerful like the sun and bounteous like the air.

14. O well read learned person, may the heroes amongst men,
self-controllers, wealthy patrons, destroyers of the killers of kine, all these
sages, be dear unto thee.

15. O supreme ruler, hearer of the grievances of the subjects,
listen to the important state business in the company of thy ministers,
administrator and learned officials. In this spacious Assembly Hall
seat thyself, the impartial friend of all, the Lord worthy of respect,
along with officials who resort to their duty early in the morning.

8. The head of heaven .- the sun full of fire.

The guest of men : Respected by men like a guest.
Fire should be used by the learned in propelling automobiles.

Just as a powerful and oratorical speech from the mouth instructs men and protects them
from dangers, so does electricity protect us.
11. He . Sun.

CHAPTER XXXIII 3ll

16. O head of the state thou art the wisest amongst all the honour-
able learned persons, most adorable amongst all men, responsible for
protection, gracious to all, highly renowned for thy knowledge and concen-
tration of mind through the practice of yoga.

17. May we the state officials, live free from sin, under the shelter
of the highly brilliant head of the state, excellent, friendly and worthy of
reverence.

We crave today for bliss, and gracious favour of the learned, who
live under the command of God, as given in the vedas.

18. O highly learned parson, thy panegyrists wax like waters,
attain to true knowledge like expanding rays. May the persons possess-
ing knowledge vast like mind come near us, may thou possess the ^qualities
of swiftness and force like air.

Thou art worthy of reverence, as thou art highly kind to us through
thy wisdom and deeds.

19. Just as the cows and sun's rays protect the beautifying Heaven
and Earth, so should the learned protect both the ears coupled with golden
ornaments, and parts of altar in a yajna.

20. May the sinless, affectionate, just, and glorious king, the urger
of the laws of administration, improve our health.

21. O happiness-giving people, elect him as your ruler, who is
most mighty, lends lustre to heaven, and earth, is full of beauty and
sustains you.

22. O learned people ye all should use in your projects electricity,
full of splendour, Self-effulgent, pervading all substances, ever active,
present in all indestructible elements, well-established, bringer of rain,
killer, and dignified in nature.

23. Worship Him, Whose beautiful sacrifice, wealth, strength,
and mighty glory are enjoyed by the Heaven and Earth; Who is the

16. A person of these qualities should be elected as the head of the State.

17. Today : Ever.

19. Griffith writes, the meaning of Rapsuda is uncertain. Risbi Dayananda translates
the word as givers of beauty. There is no uncertainty in its meaning $TOj f^T* 5^$ l( (Rishi
Dayananda 's Commentary). Things which lend beauty.

21. He alone is fit to be elected a king, who possesses the characteristics mentioned in
the verse, For the translation of (5TSRFT2H I TO to:) See Chapter 7, verses 12, 16.

23. Beautiful sacrifice : The great beautiful yajna in the shape of creation.

Enjoyed by the Heaven and Earth : Enjoyed by sentient beings and birds, animals and
reptiles Dot developed in knowledge living on the earth and in the atmosphere.

312 YAjUR VfeDA

creator of all beings, the Embodiment of great happiness, All-pervading
and Supplier of food.

24. They alone perform laudable deeds, whose friend is God,
Brilliant, Omnipresent, Majestic, ever young, Exalted, and Supreme,

25. O learned person, fit for great veneration, due to thy strength,
come and delight thyself with diverse juices of medicinal herbs and food.

26. He alone is fit to be elected the head of the State, who
possesses power, knows how to arrange his army in different military arrays,
is majestic like the sun; challenges for battle his impious foes, chastises the
wily and deceitful persons, kills the dacoits hidden in forests, and makes
apparent the words of preachers who diffuse happiness.

27. O King, the protector of the virtuous, highly venerable, why
dost thou go alone ? What is thy purpose in doing so ? Lord of
fascinating horses, we are thy well-wishers, consult us in thy true behavi-
our and tell us in blissful words, the reason of thy prefering solitude.

28. O King, advance those persons who wish to utilise according
to their desire, the Earth, which bears at one time many kinds of cereals,
is the mother of many sons, the sustainer of numberless human beings,
great, and lofty; who wish to kill the wicked, the voluptuous, and harmful
persons in the front, and thus extol thy administration.

29. O king, I acknowledge this mighty wisdom of thine. My in-
tellect manifests thee in praise. The learned on great festive occasions
and child-birth bring joy unto thee, the master of intense endurance and
the conqueror of foes with thy strength.

30. The king, who shining like the wind-urged sun, grants full
prolonged life to the sacrifice's lord, in person guards and nourishes the
subjects, and variously sheds his lustre, should drink the glorious sweet
juice of medicinal herbs.

31. O men know ye the illumined sun present in all created objects,
whose rays shine wondrously fgr making the world visible.

27. A king should do nothing without consulting his ministers. He is a constitutional
head. The responsibility of running the state does not devolve upon him alone. It is joint
with his advisers and counsellors. See 7-40, 8-2, 3; for translation of the words from JTtf to

29. I : Purohit, priest.
31. See 7-41.

The verse may also mean, just as the rays of the sun exhibit Him, so do the learned
display through their knowledge the grandeur of God, knower of all created objects.

CHAPTER XXXIII 313

32. O pure king, with that same eye wherewith thou lookest as a
guardian, look thou upon us, so that we may follow in thy wake.

33. Ye two divine performers of harmless sacrifice, come hither
upon a plane with sun-bright exterior, and clearly accomplish your
journey, battle, and yajna with agreeable provisions.

34. O young preachers, having acquired knowledge through
celibacy, just as a learned person, the leader of all, endowed with noble
qualities, brilliant like the sun, highly lauded for his speeches on knowable
conduct, visits all our sons and cattle } so should ye approach and gladden
us, and purify our intellect.

35. O slayer of foes like sun, the slayer of clouds, father of supre-
macy in knowledge, giver of food, noble man, all things are in thy power
today, when wilt thou harness them.

36. O king lustrous like the sun, that dispels darkness, is visible
to all, produces light and illumines the whole universe, thou illuminest
thy state with justice and humility, and art hence worthy of veneration.

37. O men, understand the divinity and greatness of God, the soul
of the animate and inanimate creation ; Who dissolves in Himself the
quarters in the atmosphere, and this vast created universe, and spreads
for all darkness like night ; Who again creates the universe with His
invisible, divine might.

38. God, away from darkness, creates that form of Apan and Udan,
whereby the man beholds and perceives.

Immeasurable are His Immaculate Nature and power, different from
soul, and different from Matter, full of ignorance and darkness, wherein
reside the quarters.

39. Verily, O God, Thou art great, truly, Indestructible, Omniscient
God, thou art great.

As Thou art great indeed Thy greatness is admired. Yea, verily
Thou , God, art great.

40. Yea, God, Thou art great in fame. Thou, evermore, O God,
art great. Thou by Thy greatness art the friend of the learned from the

33. Sec 7- 12, 16, 42.

35. Slayer of foes : King.

37. This verse describes the process of the creation and dissolution of the universe by
God. Griffith remarks, the stanza is difficult and no thoroughly satisfactory explanation of
it has yet been offered, The verse is clear and full of state as inttrprtted by Maaarshi

314 VAJtJR VfcDA

beginning, the Well-wisher of vital breaths, Unconquerable, Ubiquitous,
and Refulgent.

41. O people, just as we, manifest all substances depending upon
God, Who shines in this world and the world to be, created through His
might ; and enjoy the portion allotted to us, so should ye enjoy your share
of prosperity.

42. O learned persons, save us today from sin and blamable afflic-
tion, when the sun hath ascended. May friends, noble persons, atmos-
phere, sea, Earth and light all honour our determination.

43. The lustrous Sun, with its effulgent and moving nature,
revolving repeatedly, bound with the solar system through gravitation,
exhibiting all regions, fixing the immortal and mortal in their respective
stations, comes and goes at the time of rising and setting.

44. The air and Sun, extolled by forefathers, moving nicely,
endowed with swiftness, move with intensity for the welfare of human
beings.

Like the kings in the midst of their subjects, they come and go, and
get water at night and morning.

45. Electricity, air, Sun, breath, fire, invigorating wealth twelve
months, and the host of wind should be properly utilised.

46. O learned teacher and preacher, just as a well-read person,
like Udan and a friend dear like Pran guard us with all aids, so should ye
both make us exceedingly rich.

47. O highly learned person, O Omnipresent God, noblemen, O
teacher and preacher, may ye lord over us and our associates.

48. O learned persons, the expositors of knowledge, the embodi-
ments of supremacy, the masters of excellence, friendly, sociable and
penetrating, grant us physical and spiritual strength.

41. The verse is considered by Griffith to be difficult ard obscure. I don't under-
stand why he holds this view. Its sense is clear and explicit.

42. When the sun hath ascended may also mean, when the light of knowledge and
wisdom hath dawned upon us. Mitra and Varuna have been translated by some commentators
as day and night whereas Rishi Dayananda translates them as friends and noble persons.

Today means ever.

43. Immortal : Matter,

Mortal : Men who are prone to death.

44. Water :-Dew.

45. Aditya : The word may also maan beam? of tb Sun,
47. See 7-12, 16, 19, 33-34. 10, 7-33.

CHAPTER XXXIII 315

May both the truthful teacher and preacher, the chastisers of the
ignoble, well disciplined speech, and our protector, a wealthy person, and
a highly educated wife serve us.

49. May I eagerly praise for help and happiness, conjoint electri-
city and fire, intermingled Pran and Udan, the sky, the Earth, the Sun,
the thoughtful persons, the clouds, the waters, the All-pervading God, the
invigorating cereals, God, the guardian of the world and the vedas,
prosperity, and laudable king.

50. May those learned persons, who in our midst are bounteous,'
chastisers of the ignoble, performers of festivals, accordant in call to
battle for slaying the foe, acknowledging their ruler as their head,
protect us and him who preaches virtue, praises God, and preserves the
accumulated wealth.

51. Ye sociable, holy persons, turn yourselves hitherward this day,
that fearing I may know your internal intentions. Protect us from the
violent thief and dacoit. Save us ye admires of the learned, from the pit in
which we are liable to fall.

52. May this day all mortals, all officials, all enkindled fires, be
our protectors with their act of protection. May all godly persons come
hither with their protection. May we possess all riches and provisions.

53. All learned persons, may ye know all venerable objects that
reside in heaven, and air's mid region, and are full of fire like the tongue.
May ye listen to this mode of my studies, and seated in the Assembly be
joyful.

54. O God, as Thou bestowest on the learned performers of sacri-
fice, the noblest and highest bliss of immortality, and preachest for the
good of humanity, the light of knowledge that conduces to happiness, and
actions worth knowing, Thou art hence worthy of worship.

55. O learned performer of sacrifice, approaching men of iron
determination, with thy intense wisdom, thou promptly honourest the
sage, and wishest to utilise the air, all-bounteous, encompasser of all
substances, pervader of all aeroplanes, and fanner of fire.

56. O masters of the sciences of electricity and air, for ye are all
these substances prepared. The juices of medicinal herbs are yearning
for ye both. Hence come with your excellent qualities, deeds and nature
and enjoy them.

56. See 7-8,

316 YAJUR VEDA

57. I acknowledge a friend of holy strength and a foe-destroying
virtuous man, who possess wisdom and peaceful silence of the night.

58. O lovers of truth, kingly extirpators of the impious, come, and
enjoy the substances prepared for your meals; eagerly waiting for ye both.

59. A wife, obedient to her husband, renowned, light-footed,
eloquent in speech, sympathetic to the patients, attains to happiness
when she lives peacefully with her husband, and nicely cooks the food
highly efficacious, and grown through rain, conducive to our physical
growth, brought daily in use, and relished by our ancestors.

60. The divine immortal souls recognise none as their protector,
but this loving and foremost God. For sovereignty of this land, they
glorify with their praise, the Eternal God, the Friend of all.

61. We invoke the head of the State and the commander-in-chief,
strong, and dispellers of foes. May they be kind to us in the battle-field.

62. O teacher instruct in religious lore this student, anxious for
maintaining good character, and willing to honour the learned.

63. O venerable wealthy commander of the army, just as in the con-
flict between sun and cloud, rays make the sun victorious, so learned
persons encourage thee. O heroic person possessing horses shining like
the praiseworthy rays, the learned advance thee like lightning in the fight
between the sun and the cloud. Verily do these persons rejoice following
in thy wake and affording thee protection. O valorous person, just as the
sun with its host of winds imbibes water, so do thou drink with thy man
the juice of medicinal herbs.

64. O King, thy most wealthy mother has been nourishing thee a
hero; just as air strengthens the Sun, so learned persons strengthen thee.
Create pleasure, being mighty for victorious valour, exulting, strongest,
full of pride and courage.

65. O King, the slayer of foes, work hard for our advancement.
Mighty one, protect us with thy mighty aids.

66. Thou in thy battles, King, art subduer of all hostile bands.
Thou art the destroyer of the depraved, genitor of happinees, slayer of
foes, conqueror, vanquish the foes who wish to kill us.

67. O King, just as sire and mother walk after the child, so do thy
enemies and their territories fall into thy hands. When thou killest
thy unjust foe, all his forces are weakened before thy indignation.

58. Ye both :-The king and Purohit (priest),
See 7-12, 16.

CHAPTER XXXIII 317

68. Struggle is a source of happiness for the learned. O well-read
scholars remain firm in happiness, Let your favour be directed towards
us; which may bring us riches even from the sinful foe.

69. O King with non-violent, propitious aids, protect this day, on
all sides, our progeny, riches and home. Master of speech conducive to

the welfare of all, keep us for newest bliss; let not the evil-wisher lord
over us.

70. O officials and people, your noble persons full of praiseworthy
knowledge, education and nice instructions, with the help of the non--
violent and just, rend asunder the foes with an army of brave soldiers.

O King, strong like the wind, possess the qualities of joining and
separating like the air, invade courageously thy enemies, and drink for thy
rapture the sap of well-prepared food.

71. O men, just as both immense Sun and Earth, full of brilliance,
the fulfillers of all transactions, the bestowers of beauty, guard this
organised world like a well, and rays also guard it, so should ye guard
them.

72. O teacher and preacher, the dispellers of the sins of nescience,
come ye with force of intellect to the study circles where are studied
the works of poets on worldly and spiritual topics, to the meeting place
and the dwelling of a scholarly person.

73. Ye two learned persons, believers in non-violence, come
hither in a sun-bright plane, and explain fully to us the conduct
of life.

74. The transverse and extended light of the sun and lightning is
found above and below. It is struggling from hither and thither. With
its knowledge men should gain strength, and become venerable and
philanthropic with their wealth.

75. Electricity hath filled the Heaven and Earth and the great
apparent realm of light. This fire is utilised through application; being

68. See 8-4

71. This verse is the same as 33-19, but with a quite different significance.

Like a well : Just as peasants guard their fields and garden with water from a well, so
do the Sun and Earth guard this world. Them : The Sun and Earth.

72. Mr. Griffith says "The verse is difficult and obscure."
To me these remarks seem to be unreasonable

73. lift may mean a plane, a motor car or a motor-boat as it is used in air, on land or
water.

Two : The teacher and preacher.
For two pratikas see 7 12, 16.

318 YAJUR VEDA

the cause of sound, it is used for non-violent industrial concerns. For
fastness in battle it is used as a horse that covers distances quickly. It is
helpful for the growth of food grains from the Earth.

76. The teacher and preacher are deserving of praise, who like the
King and Commander of the army, the bestowers of happiness and
chastisers of the irreligious sinners, spread technical knowledge through
vedic verses, speech and proclamations.

77. May our sons listen about the Immortal God, to the eternal
preachings of the vedas from their teachers, and bring us joy.

78. Endowed with knowledge and good education, the prosperous,
wise persons, expect riches, and desire for vedic instructions from me.
Just as the strong cloud well fed through Homa, brings me joy, so should
the teacher and the taught teach us different sorts of vedic knowledge.

79. O Mighty God, Thy nature is matchless. Among the learned
sages not one is found Thy equal,

Thou wast never born, nor is born. None can comprehend what
Thou hast done or shalt do.

80. In all the worlds God is the Best and Highest whence sprang
the valiant, wealthy hero. Quickly when born he overcomes his foemen.
All benefactors of humanity who follow God derive joy.

81. May these my songs of praise verily exalt Thee, God, Who is
Omnipresent.

Men, radiant like fire, pure, full of knowledge, sing Thy praises
admiring material objects.

82. O King, this man of high character is obedient to thee. The
miser who hides his treasure is thy enemy. The hidden wealth of a
wealthy trader, protected against arms and violence, is meant for thee,

83. The King is endowed with innumerble branches of knowledge
through sages, the knowers of the vedas, possesses vast strength, and is

78. The teacher, Acharya. The verse means, there should be mutual exchange of
knowledge. The pupils should learn from the teachers, from those who are more learned than
themselves.

80. When born : It does not refer to physical [birth. It refers to intellectual and
spiritual birth, after he has received military training from his teacher, and bocome twice
born.

81. Material objects, created by God, sing His glory. The learned seeing the wonder-
ful, beautiful world created by God, sing the praise of God expressing their admiration for all
material objects.

83. I : A member of the subjects.

CHAPTER XXXIII

319

famous for his noble actions, His greatness is spread vast like the ocean.
I praise firmness in the administration of the wise and well-organised
government functions,

84. O supreme King, protect this day our dependants from all
sides with different kinds of harmless, lucky aids. Endowed with speech
contributing to the welfare of all, protect us for newest prosperity, where-
by no evil-minded thief may have his sway over us.

85. O king, quick like air, just as I, internally pure, believing in
progress, active and valorous, with nice store of knowledge, attend thy
literary conclaves, so shouldst thou ours.

86. We accept as our masters in this world, the Commander-in-
chief, fair to see and fit to be invoked, so that in the Assembly and battle,
all our men be happy and free from disease.

87. The prosperous person, who for the acquisition of noble traits,
the acquirement of desired happiness, obtaining things worthy of possess-
ion, verily serves the king and public leaders, becomes thereby peaceful in
mind and free from trouble.

88. O king and public leaders, valiant, conquerors of riches, immer-
sed in knowledge, attain to happiness, adorn the subjects, drink the
medically prepared juice, arrange for the supply of water, injure us not,
and gain victory through righteousness.

89. May the master of wealth and vedic lore come nigh unto us,
may we cultivate truthful speech. May the learned associate with an
exalted and brave person, the lover of humanity and follower of the path
of rectitude.

90. The moon with beautiful gaits, like a loud-neighing horse,
runs in the atmosphere, receiving light from the sun. Object of many
a man's desire, abundantly golden-hued, she acquires beauty, lustre and
grandeur.

91. Singing their praises with godlike wisdom, let us invoke each
learned person for your protection ; each scholar for the acquisition of
desired happiness, and each sage for enjoying progress,

92. O learned persons, just as the Sun, set in heaven, the bene-
factor of humanity, increasing in his power on Earth, ripens medicines

84. This verse is the same as 33 -69. The meanings of both are different. Hence
there is no repetition. In the verse 69 W^ means, riches and house, whereas here it means,
the dependants, which altogether changes the significance.

91- Their : the Vishvedevas , the learned sages and saints.

Your : the common people, the subjects,

320 VAJUR VEDA

and grows food, removes darkness of the night with his lustre, and shines
forth, so should ye dispel ignorance and gain glory.

93. O teacher and preacher) this footless Dawn, first comes to those
with feet. Being headless, speaking loudly with the tongue of birds, she
goes down for twenty four hours.

94. May all learned persons, equally charitably disposed, and
equally full of righteous indignation, in unison, be the bringers of riches,
today and hereafter, for a thoughtful person, for us and our progeny.

95. O King refulgent with fame, lord of the hosts of men, the
learned strive to win thy love. O supreme King, suppressor of violence
from all sides, chastiser of the ignoble, be thou the master of richer.

96. O men, the Commander of the army with manifold acts, afford-
ing protection to the millions, with warlike weapons, like sun the slayer
of clouds, slays the foes for mighty prestige, and secures wealth and food
for ye, so should ye show him respect.

97. O men, the mighty king, always enhances his power and valour,
and arranges for the supply of water, for the happiness of the world created
by God. Human beings anxious for the fruit of their actions sing the
glory of God like their forefathers. Praise ye also Him.

93. This verse is applicable to Dawn and Tongue. Rishi Dayananda, Sayana, and
Mahidhar have interpreted it differently. I have given the interpretation of Mabtrshi
Dayananda. Dawn, without foot moving in the sky, appears when men with feet are sleeping.
Birds like cock announce with their tongue its arrival. It leaves its head, the tun. It
reappears after passing through thirty divisions of day and night, i.e., 24 hours.

97. For four Pratikaa (limbs) SM 3381, 82, 83 and

CHAPTER xxxiv

1. That which, divine, mounts far when man is waking, that which
returns to him when he is sleeping.

The lights' one light that goeth to a distance, may that, my mind,
be moved by auspicious resolve.

2. Whereby the virtuous, thoughtful and wise persons, in religious
performances, learned assemblies and battles, perform their duties. The
peerless spirit stored in living creatures, may that, my mind be moved by
auspicious resolve.

3. That which is wisdom, intellect, and firmness, immortal light
which creatures have within them. That without which men can do no
single action, may that, my mind, hanker after God and be moved by
noble resolve.

4. Whereby, coupled with immortal God, the past, present and
future all are comprehended, whereby spreads sacrifice by Seven Hotas,
may that, my mind, aim at salvation.

5. Wherein the Richas, Samans, Yajur-verses and the Atharva
veda, like spokes within a cart's nave, are included, and all the knowledge
of human beings is inwoven, may that, my mind, be actuated with the
noble resolve of propagating the Vedas.

6. As a skilful charioteer drives with reins the fleet-foot horses, so
does the mind control men. It dwells within the heart, is free from old
age, drives men into sensuality, and is most rapid. May that, my mind,
be moved by right intention.

7. I glorify eagerly the king who possesses food, justice and a strong
army. He conquers the foes, just as the sun rends limb by limb the cloud
filled with water.

8. O learned king of favourable disposition, grant us happiness,
which thou dost consider conducive. Urge us to wisdom, and strength; and
prolong the days of our life.

1, The lights' one light : The sole illuminator of all perceptive senses,
4. Seven Hotas .-The seven organs in the head, two eyes, two ears, two nostrils and
mouth. They play an important part in performing the functions of this bodily sacrifice,
Seven Hotas may also mean* five breaths, Soul and primary Matter.

322 YAJUR VfiDA

9. May the man of favourable knowledge approve friendly this
day our sacrifce among the learned. May he and master of the science of
oblation-bearing fire, bring bliss to the charitably disposed person.

10. O lovely, strong, broad-tressed, famous, beautiful, educated
virgin, sister of the learned, accept the desired husband, and grant us
progeny.

11. Five organs of cognition, emanating from their common source,
the mind, like five rivers speed onward to speech. The flowing speech,
in its dwelling place, the mouth, becomes fivefold.

12. O God, may Thou the Most-renowned, the Assuager of souls,
the Master of knowledge, the Scholar of scholars, be our Well-wisher
and Friend.

After Thy holy Law, sages and ordinary mortals, wise and prudent
in actions with their splendid weapons, are born.

13. OGod, noble in qualities, actions and nature, preserve our
wealthy patrons and our bodies with Thy succours. O Venerable God,
Guard art thou of our sons, grandsons and cows, incessantly protecting in
Thy holy law.

14. O learned person, just as a well-versed aspiring scholar per-
forms sacrifice fyajna) for the sake of rain in this vast Earth and atmos-
phere, and the son of a praiseworthy woman, acting as the promoter of
non-violent persons, becomes famous for his knowledge and establishes
his beautiful strength, so shouldst thou nourish thyself.

15. O sagacious king, we establish thee on the Earth in its centre
in the post of a ruler, for granting us valuable substances.

16. O men, just as we, with sinless acts, for the sake of knowledge,
the reciters in well-trained utterances of vedic verses, replete with ins-
tructions, expatiate on religious lore, and long for the hero, the force of
knowledge, and scriptures, dear like vital breath, and honour this vener-
able person, so should ye.

17. O men, just as the knowers of the true nature of soul, showing
respect unto us, knowing all the branches of the science of creation, and
learned ancestors, for the great man imbued with physical and spiritual
force, and for you, grant us disciplined speech and the knowledge of the

9. Sacrifice : Yajna,

11. Saraswati : The speech.

Fivefold : Speech describes the five organs of cognition, the Gyan-Indriyas.

15. We : Preacher and teacher.

CHAPTER XXXIV 323

Sama Veda, highly useful for the attainment of strength, unto them should
ye show respect and offer food.

18 O king, honour those, who are affluent, friendly, gleaners of
might, masters of knowledge, silent endurers of the abuses of the people.
None is wiser than thee, hence all long for thee.

19. O king, just as in the kindled fire these morning yajnas are
performed, whereby the clouds come together, so come thou hither in
conveyances moved by water and fire for acquiring permanent happiness.
In this way even the distant places are not far for thee.

20. Invincible in fight, saviour of armies, giver of happiness, giver
of life, protector of might, winner of battles, sovereign lord of the Earth,
exceeding famous, victor, in thee may we rejoice, O King.

21. To him who reveres the king, teacher or preacher, he gives
speech full of learning, wealth conducive to truthful conduct, a fleet steed,
a brave son, active in duties, well-mannered, skilled in the performance of
sacrifice (yajna), recipient of knowledge from his father, and competent in
council.

22. These herbs, these milch-kine, and these running waters, all
these, O Soma, Thou hast generated. The spacious firmament hast Thou
expanded, and with light hast Thou dispelled darkness,

23. O King, possessing a strong army, might, and fine attributes,
with thy godly spirit, win for us a share of riches.

Thou art the lord of valour, let none subdue thee. With a desire
for extreme happiness, in this world and the next, remove our impedi
ments just as a disease is removed.

24. The radiant, urging sun, comes giving choice treasures to the
charitably disposed person. His brightness illumines the earth's eight
directions, the three regions, and the seven rivers upto twelve miles.

25. The sun, the recipient of water with his hands, the radiant
rays, the exhibitor of all substances, the creator of all edibles, rises and

18. la this verse are mentioned the attributes of an (Apta) an ideal sage.

19. The word $ffa has been translated by Swami Dayananda as king, the possessor
of horses.

21. The word Soma may mean God as well. He means a learned person.

22. Soma means God.

24. Eight directions :~Four main directions : North, East, South, West, and the four
minor directions.

Three regions : Heaven, firmament and earth.

Seven rivers : Seven oceans or strata of vapour extending high up from the earth
for twelve miles, upto the upper portion of the clouds.

324 YAJUR VEDA

moves between the Heaven and Earth, and removes the disease of
darkness.

At the time of setting it fills the atmosphere on all sides with dark
night.

26. The Sun. with its hands of gleaming rays, kind benefactor, the
bringer of rain, the giver of happiness, self refulgent, driving off demons
and thieves, rises, removing human physical weaknesses. May he bring us
happiness, illuminating all substances.

27. O highly learned fellow, brilliant like the Sun, thy dustless path-
ways, followed by the ancient scholars, are well established in the air's
mid region, like those of the Sun. Come by those paths so fair to travel :
make us ever tread upon them, preserve us and instruct us.

28. O teacher and preacher, lustrous like the Sun and Moon,
grant us well protected, faultless, comfortable houses where ye may drink
nice juices.

29. O learned teacher and preacher, the dispellers of afflictions,
and givers of joys, make ye our speech and wisdom effectual. Protect
us against gambling, strive for your prosperity in battle. I praise ye both;
work for my advancement,

30. O King and Commander of the army, just as the Earth, Ocean,
atmosphere and heaven portect us, so ye both, friendly and chastisers of
the wicked, through day and night, protect us on every side, with harm-
less riches.

31. O learned persons, with full observation, use full well the
lustrous electricity, which resides in the solar system, standing through
attraction, fixes in its respective sphere the immortal cause and the
mortal effect, and with its blazing, beautiful nature, grants prosperity, and
pervades material objects.

32. O men, use properly^ the great Night, which covers the places
of light, which hath filled the planet Earth and Sun's mid regions, whose
terrific darkness comes and goes.

33. O Dawn enriched with ample wealth, bestow on us that wond-
rous light wherewith we may support the babies and young sons, as does
an accomplished wife.

34. We invoke God at dawn, we pray for progress at dawn, we

31. This verse is the same as 33-43 with a different significance. In 33-43 there is a
mention of sun. but here electricity is the subject matter. There is no fault of repetition.

CHAPTER XXXIV 325

practice breath control at dawn, we respect father and mother* at dawn.
At dawn we invoke God, the Lord of the vedas, the Sustainer of all, and
Adorable by all. We use medicinal herbs in the morning, and at dawn we
try to realise the true nature of soul.

35. God is the Master of infinite power, the Sustainer of manifold
worlds, the Conqueror of all, the Object of adoration by all, the awe-
inspiring Chastises of the wicked, may we worship Him in morning.
Thinking of Whom the indigent, impatient, mighty person, even the King
says, 'let me share His bounty.'

36. O Glorious God, Goader of men to action, Giver of wealth,
Master of riches, fit for adoration, grant us wisdom and afford us
protection,

O God, the Giver of knowledge, increase our store of kine and
horses. O God, may we be rich in men and heroes.

37. O noble, pure God, may prosperity be ours at present, in future,
and during the day-time.

May we, O Bounteous Lord, at the rising of the Sun, be happy,
in the wake of the excellent wisdom of the learned.

38. O learned persons, God verily is Supreme. May we become
supreme through Him. O God, all invoke Thee. O Supreme God, be
Thou our leader in this world.

39. O men, Dawns like a disciplined horse, incline us to acquire a
pure, desirable, non-violent conduct.

As strong steeds draw a chariot, may they remind us of the pre-
sence of the Mighty God, the Lord of riches.

40. O learned ladies, just as Dawns, full of nice cold water, and
manifold beams, awakeners of heroic persons; auspicious, bestowers of
pure water, advancing magnificently from all sides, dawn on our assembly,
so should ye adorn our assembly and preserve us evermore with your
health giving joys,

41. O nourhishing God, may we following Thy Law, never suffer
pain. We, in this world, are singers of Thy praise.

42. O men, Mighty God, with His vedic speech, noble intention,

39. They: Dawns,

At dawn man's mind is reflective, inclined to the worship of God, and contemplation of
noble righteous deeds.

42. The word Pasha means God as well as an Apta person. The verse is applicable to
an Apta person also.

326 YAJUR VEDA

saintly Nature, gives us from time immemorial sources of happiness
which keep afflictions away. He excellently establishes our wisdom
and actions. He ever possesses good qualities, acts and nature. May we
praise the Adorable God, who guards all pathways,

43. The Merciful, Protecting, All-Pervading God, establishing
His sacred laws, is thenceforth the creator of the three steps of the causal,
subtle and gross forms.

44. The ever vigilant, the singers of the praise of God, and the
learned yogis, realise His most sublime Nature.

45. By God's decree, the Sun and the Earth, full of light and water,
ornamentors of the world created, vast, full of diverse objects, filled
with sweet water, beautiful in their form, imperishable, rich in seed,
stand apart firmly established.

46. Let those who are our foemen stand apart from us. With airy
and fiery weapons we will drive them off. The Vasus, Rudras, and
Adityas have exalted me, made me pre-eminent, mighty, thinker, and
sovereign lord.

47. O devotees of truth, ye learned persons amongst the officials
and the subjects, knowing the thirty three gods, come for enjoying
medicinal juices. Wipe out sins, ward off enemies, perform noble deeds
with zeal and energy; and prolong the days of life.

48. O mortals, may this praise and speech of the magnanimous,
laudable and energetic artisan be conducive to your benefit. Protect well
with food the body of the aged. For long life may we acquire strength,
knowledge and food.

49. Those who study together the religious lore, who read together
the vedas and enjoy happiness, who return home from the Gurukula

43. Three steps may also mean Earth, atmosphere and Sun, or the three conditions of
the soul, waking (Jagrit), sleeping (Swapna), profound sleeping (Sushupti). These words may
also mean, creation, sustenance and dissolution of the universe.

46. Thinker :-Distinguisher between truth and untruth.

Vasus, Rudras, Adityas : Those who observe celibacy for 24, 36 and 48 years; or
eight vasus ; eleven Rudras, ten pranas and soul, twelve Adityas, the months of the year.

47. Thirtythree gods .Eight Vasus, Eleven Rudras, Twelve Adityas, Lightning and
Yajna. The verse indicates how philanthropists and benefactors of humanity should lead
their life,

49. Seven divine forces : Five senses of cognition, Gyan-Indriyas, the mind, and soul.

Griffith mentions these forces according to Ludwig, as seven godlike Rishis, i.e.,
Bhardwaja, Kashyapa, Gotama, Atri, Vasishtha, Vishwamitra, and Jamadagni, This interpreta-
tion is incprrect, as there is no historical reference in the vedas.

CHAPTER XXXIV 327

after observing Brahmcharya and completing their studies, who are to-
gether advanced in knowledge, who are masters of seven divine forces, are
veritable Rishis, the knowers of the vedas. Such calm, wise persons view-
ing the path of ancient sages take up the reins of noble deeds like a
chariot-driver.

50. Bestowing length of life, splendour, increase of wealth, and con-
quering power, may this brightly shining gold and food be attached to me
for victory.

51. The strength acquired by the learned in the Brahmcharya
Ashrama, can be destroyed neither by demons nor by fiends. Whoever
possesses the strength of celibacy, lives a long life among the sages, and
also lives a long life among thoughtful persons.

52. Noble persons with benevolent thoughts, full of sagacity and
learning, lords of hundreds of soldiers, bind me in knowledge which dis-
tinguishes between truth and untruth. I possess that in me for life
through hundred autumns, that I may live till ripe old age overtakes me.

53. May the unborn God, the Support of all like the atmosphere,
Indestructible, the Expander of the world, the Creator of all regions,
the Master of permanent knowledge, hear our words. May all the learn-
ed persons, the protagonists of truth, vying with each other for advance-
ment, and texts recited by the sages protect us.

54. I listen with rapt attention to these eternal true sayings of the
vedas preached by majestic kings.

May associates, intelligentsia, distributors, and noble persons hear
our words purifying the conduct like water.

55. Seven Rishis are established in the body ; these seven guard
it with unceasing care.

These seven enter the soul in the body of him who lies asleep. At
that time two sleepless gods, the protectors of soul, keep waking.

52. Dakshayana 5T8Wn .According to Macdonnel Daks ha is in the veda a creative
Power associated with Aditi (Infinity or Eternity), the mother of the Adityas. In past Vedic
literature he is generally regarded as the son of Brahma, and placed at the head of Prajapatis
or Lords of Created Beings.

Rishi Dayananda translates the word as men possessing sagacity and learning. Failure
on the part of Western scholars to understand the yaugic, derivative meaning of words leads
them to concoct imaginaryjtheories which have no hearin ,n the context and simply confuse
the meaning.

53. Seven Rishis : Touch, Sight, Hearing, Tate, Smell, Mind and Intellect.
Two sleepless gods : Inbreath and out breath, Pran and Apan.

328 VAJUR VEDA

56. Arise, O learned person, the guardian of vedic wealth, we
longing for learned teachers pray to thee. May those persons who give
good gifts, approach thee, and enjoy thou in a righteous manner the
gifts offered.

57. God, in Whom the Sun, Moon, breaths, air and all good attri-
butes, seek their dwelling-place, is verily the Guardian of the vedic lore.
He preaches the solemn hymn of praise.

58. O God, Protector of the universe, the learned sing Thy praise
in the yajna, and we brave people accept Thee as Mighty, be Thou the
regulator of this our hymn, instruct the lover of knowledge, and satisfy all
virtuous souls.

56. Pray to thee : Request tbee to impart knowledge to us.

57. Dwelling-place : God is the shelter of all material objects in their nascent and
gross condition. All material substances reside in His protection and care.

58. The four Pratikas that follow are taken respectively, from 17-17,1720, 17-27,
1183; for certain Karma Kandas,

CHAPTER XXXV

1. Businessmen who torment others, and are inimical to the learned,
should get away from here. May the Beautiful God, grant this soul, the
singer of vedic hymns, full opportunity for work with the lustre of
knowledge during all the days and nights of life.

2. O soul, God grants for thy bodies in different births, according
to thy deeds a happy or unhappy place on this earth. May radiant beams
prove helpful to thee.

3. O soul, let air purify thee, let God purify thee with lightning's
glitter and sun's lustre. Let beams release thee.

4. O souls, God has placed ye in this ephemeral world, and made
your mansion in this life, ever changing like a leaf. Worship the
Perfect God alone. Through His grace, establish yourself laboriously in
religion, and acquire worldly possessions, vedic lore and control over
passions.

5. O girl, forbearing like the earth, the father establishes thy
asylum on the Earth, kind like a mother, Be pleasant unto him.

6. O soul, May God soon drive away our sin. I establish thee in
Him, the protector of men and worthy of worship, near a beautiful place
full of water.

7. Go hence, O Death, pursue thy special pathway apart from
that which the virtuous are won't to tread. To thee that sees and hears,
I say, 'Kill not our offspring, injure not our heroes. 1

2. After death the subtle soul is carried to different worlds through beams, before it is
reborn. On this earth, soul derives happiness or suffering according to his good and bad deeds
through the dispensation of God.

3. When souls go out after death leaving the bodies, and attain to lightning, sun's lustre
and air, and re-enter the womb, at that time the sun's beams, with whose aid the souls roam
in the solar system, leave them.

4. Ashwatha : The unstable world, which may or may not exist tomorrow, there is
no certainty of life. Hence man should worship God, and alienating himself from the unsteady
world yoke himself with God for acquiring real happiness.

The word WWt has been translated by Griffith as Pig Tree, which is meaningless.
See 1279.

5. A daughter should be devoted to her parents even after marriage and sever not her
connection with them,

Asylum {Relation, shelter, resort,

330 YAJUR VEDA

8. Pleasant to thce be wind and Sun, and pleasant be the bricks
to thee. Pleasant to thee be the terrestrial fires : let not these things
put thee to grief.

9. O soul, let the regions, the waters, and the seas be most propi-
tious for thee. Auspicious unto thee be the atmosphere. Prosper all
sub-quarters well for thee.

10. On flows this stormy, sensual river-like world, work cautiously,
my friends, arise and overcome all obstacles.

Let us abandon what is profitless in this world, and enjoy excellent
foods.

11. O God, the remover of sins, drive away from us sin, the
impurity of soul, evil deeds, the offence committed by our unsteady
external organs, and evil thoughts.

12. To us let waters, and the medicinal plants be friendly, to him
who hates us, whom we hate, unfriendly.

13. Electricity carries us the learned to distant places. Just as an
ox carries the cart, so we use this electricity for prosperity in preparing
planes and seating people therein. May that serve as lightning for you.

14. May we always keeping in view, eagerly know and realize
God, free from the darkness of ignorance. Self-Effulgent, Releaser from
afflictions, the most Learned of the learned, the Light that is most
Excellent.

15. So that none may confiscate speedily the wealth amassed
through exertion by these souls, I establish a law of morality, following
which you can live for a hundred lengthened autumns, and keep death
away through celibacy and knowledge.

8. Bricks .--house or altar made of bricks. The word Ishtika may also mean day and
night, vide Shatapath Brahmana.

3lKWlf! 3 ?WT: 3RT 91 218. -

11. Just as the medicine Apamarga cures our physical ills, so does God purify our soul
and frees it from all shortcomings.

12. Hate the sin and not the sinner. We should work for the amelioration and
betterment of even the sinner. We should hate the sin of others, who in turn should bate our
sin and not us.

13. That : Electricity.

As lightning : Just as lightning is highly fast in motion, so is electricity.

14. See 20 21.

15. I ! God.

God has laid down for men the rule of conduct that they should follow religion and shut
ir religiousness, and not snatch the wealth of others.

CHAPTER XXXV 331

16. God, Thou purifiest our lives. Grant us vigorous strength
and knowledge. Punish adequately the violent far or near.

17. O King brilliant like fire, just as fire fanned by butter, with
source of lustre, waxes with oblations, so shouldstthou live long.

When thou hast assimilated the cow's fair savoury ghee, guard nicely,
as a father guards his son, thy subjects.

18. If all study the vedas, enter domestic life after due ceremony,
listen to the spiritual teachings of the learned , who will then attack
them with success ?

19. I, the knower, drive away the eater of raw meat, ^and the
tormentor of men like fire, and cast aside the sinners.

Let all criminals be brought before the Court of Justice. Let a
noble soul, in this world, drive useful knowledge from the learned.

20. O intelligent person, thou knowest thy parents established far
away, for them cultivate the land. Let rivulets full of water flow to
meet them, and let their truthful wishes be accomplished in a decent
manner.

21. O wife calm like the Earth, give us far reaching pleasure, as
does the Earth, free from thorn, our resting-place. Just as a just
ruler drives away our sin, so shouldst thou eradicate our evil.

22. O learned person, thou art foremost amongst men. May this
son born anew from thee, be fair to look at, and enjoy fair reputation and
happiness.

16. See 19 38.

19. I: The King.

20. TOt has been translated by Griffith as fat, and land by Maharshi Dayananda, which
yields corn, fruits and vegetables. We should serve and revere our parents and carry out
their wishes,

CHAPTER XXXVI

1. May inbreath and outbreath be strengthened in my soul. May
my speech acquire mental strength, whereby I may gain physical strength.

May my speech be commendable like the Rig Veda, my mind
reflective like the Yajur veda. May I master the Sama Veda, the
expositor of the science of yoga. May I possess good eyes and ears.

2. Whatever defect I have of eye or heart, or perplexity of mind,
that may God amend. Gracious to us be He, Protector of the world.

3. Oh men, just as we having studied the science of moral duty, the
science of contemplation, and the science of sacred knowledge, meditate
upon God, the Reliever of afflictions, inaccessible through physical organs,
the Giver of affluence, the Object of desire, the Impeller of our intellects,
so should ye do.

4. With what help does the ever-prospering, wonderful God become
our Friend ? With what constant, most mighty wisdom does He impel us
in noble attributes, actions and natures ?

5. O man, God, the most advanced in happiness, the Embodiment
of joy, grants thee happiness through food; and gives thy soul, the eradi-
cator of misery, durable wealth.

6. O God, Thou granting us manifold glories, and protecting us from
all sides, dost fairly guard us, thy friends, who praise Thee.

7. O God, the Showerer of joys from all sides, with what aid dost
Thou delight us, in what way dost Thou bestow happiness on thy
worshippers.

8. O God, like lightning Thou shinest in the universe, may weal
attend our bipeds and our quadtupeds.

.These words have been interpreted by Pt. Jai Dev, Vidya Alankar, as
studying the Atharva Veda with attention as one listens with one's ears. This interpretation is
plausible as it refers to the four instead of the three vedas.

3. See 3-35, 22-9, 30-2.

This is Gayatri Mantra. This Mantra occurs four times in the Yajur Veda. Swami
Dayananda has interpreted it differently each time. In all the vedas this vtrse occurs six
times.

4. See 27-39-

5. See 27-40.

CHAPTER XXXVI 333

9. May God, friendly like breath, be gracious unto us; may God,
tranquiliser like water be kind to us; may God the Just be benevolent to us;
may God the Mighty, and Guardian of the vedic speech be comfort-giving
to us, may the All-pervading God, the vigilant creator of the universe be
pleasant to us.

10. May the wind blow pleasantly for us. May the Sun warm us
pleasantly. May lightning roar for us. May cloud send the rain on us
pleasantly.

11. May days pass pleasantly for us. May nights draw near delight-
fully. May lightning and fire, with their aids, bring us happiness May
the Sun and rain givers of joy, comfort us.

12. May beautiful waters be pleasant to us to drink and acquire
happiness, and flow with health and strength to us.

13. O wife calm like the Earth, just as the Earth free from thorns
and pits, the resting place for all durable substances, is comfortable for us,
so shouldst thou be. Just as wide Earth gives us place for dwelling, so
shouldst thou delight-affording, give us domestic happiness.

14. O peaceful, learned, noble wives, just as beneficent waters
sustain us for a big famous fight and energy, so should ye endear yourselves
to us.

15. O noble wives, give us your most propitious affection in this
world, like mothers longing for progeny.

16. O wives, just as ye make us calm like water, so should we make
ye peaceful. As each of ye satisfies her husband for decent living for him,
so may we acquire power and wealth for him.

17. May sky be peaceful.

May atmosphere be peaceful.
May Earth be peaceful.
May waters be peaceful.
May medicinal herbs be peaceful.
May plants be peaceful.

12. The verse may also mean, as interpreted by Maharshi Dayananda in Panch Maha
Yajna Vidhi, May God, the Illuminator of all, Pleasure-giver to all, and All-pervading, for
desired happiness and the acquisition of complete joy, be blissful to us. May He shower felicity
on us from all sides. This is the first mantra of Sandhya (vedic prayer).

13. See 35-21.

14. See 11-50.

15. See 11-51.

16. See 11-52,

334 YAJUR VEDA

May all the learned persons be peaceful. May God and the vedas
be peaceful. May all the objects be peaceful; May peace itself be peace-
ful. May that peace come unto me.

18. O God, the Dispeller of ignorance and darkness, strengthen,
me, May all beings regard me with the eye of a friend. May I regard all
beings with the eye of a friend. With the eye of a friend do we regard
one another.

19. Do O God, the Preventer of mental delusion, strengthen me.
Long may I live to look on Thee. Long may I live to look on Thee.

20. Obeisance to God, the Queller of sins, the Source of light.
Obeisance to God worthy of adoration. May thy punishments torment
others. Be thou Purifier, and propitious unto us.

21. Homage to Thee God pervading like lightning, Homage to Thee
God, the Inspirer of awa for the sinners. Homage, O Bounteous Lord to
thee, as Thou desirest to give us happiness.

22. O God, from whatsoever place, Thou desirest, give us freedom
from fear thence. Give to our people and our beasts happiness and
fearlessness.

23. O God, let waters and plants be friendly to us; unfriendly to him
who hates us, and whom we hate.

24. O God, Thou art the well-wisher of the learned. Immaculate,
the Exhibitor of every thing like the eye, the Eternal knower of every
thing. Through Thy kindness may we see for a hundred years; may we
live for a hundred years; may we listen for a hundred years to vedic lore;
may we preach the vedas for a hundred years; may we live content inde-
pendently for a hundred years; yea, even beyond a hundred years, see, live,
hear, preach and be not dependent.

19* 'Long may I live to work OB thee' : Thtse words have been used twice for th sake
of emphasis.

20. See 6-22.

CHAPTER XXXVII

1. O learned person, as thou art a leader, so in this world created
by God, the Giver of all happiness, with the strength and valour of the
teacher and preacher, and with the assistance of a nourisher, I accept
thee.

2. The Unequalled God, the Embodiment of knowledge creates all
beings. This is the great praise of Him, Who is Ubiquitous, and the
Creator of the Universe. The noble and wise yogis concentrate their
mind on and dedicate their action to, the Omnipresent God,, the
Highest knower. All should worship Him.

3. O mistress and preachress, highly qualified like the Sun and
Earth, may I nicely accomplish, this day, on the Earth, in the sacrificial
abode of the excellent final stage of the sacrifice (yajna) conducted by ye
both. O priest I accept thee for the yajna and the successful termination
of the yajna.

4. O early born, young, brilliant, learned women, I accept ye, this
day in a place where the learned assemble, as head of the contemplated
sacrifice, connected with the Earth. O lady, the performer of the yajna,
I acknowledge thee as head of the yajna.

5. O learned person, at first I accept thee for due reverence, for
the excellence of association. Thy sacrifice is well-merited. This day, on
the Earth, I make thee duly prosper by honouring so many scholars.

6. O men, just as I acquire the vitality of a glorious person, so may
I, this day, on that part of the earth where the learned art worshipped,
like head, the chief organ, make ye prosperous.

May I perfect thee in the use of intellectual words of honour for
the sages, and usage of loving conduct. May I perfect thee, the preacher
of good qualities, in the art of artizanship, and usage of loving conduct,
May I perfect thee in the dissemination of excellent science, and acquisi-
tion of knowledge. So should ye become valorous.

4, Yajna is connected with the Earth, as it is performed on it aid for its betterment.
Early born t Born before the birth of their sons.

6. Thee .-The yajman, the performer of sacrifice*
I : The priest
;-Men f

336 YAJUR VEDA

7. May the learned bring us in contact with a person, the dispeller
of miseries, the leader of men, the controller of vast numbers in war, and
the bestower of happiness. May we associate with a lord of wealth.
May we acquire a truthful, good mannered, and well-read wife.

We seek thy shelter for the advancement of knowledge, and as an
excellent means of happiness. We seek thy shelter for performing
religious duties, and as a nice instrument for ptotecting religion. We
seek thy shelter as a harbinger of happiness, as an advancer and giver of
happiness.

8. O learned person, as thou art the ornament of Brahmcharya
Ashram, so we serve thee for acquiring knowledge, and for its right use.
As thou art the master of deep thinking, so we serve thee for knowing the
duties of domestic life, and nice execution of sacrifice. As thou art the
grace of domestic life, so we serve thee for directing the domestic people
in their actions, and excellent execution of sacrifice. We serve thee for
success in noble enterprises, and leading righteous dealings.

We serve thee for learning yoga, and mastering all the intricacies
of the science of yoga. We serve thee as giver of glory, and for perform-
ing all deeds of supremacy.

9. O sacrifices on this Earth in a place where the learned perform
yajna, with the powerful fire's strength of warding off bad smell, I fumi-
gate thee for purifying the air, and for alleviating the brain disease of a
purifier. On the Earth, in a place where the learned perform the yajna,
with the strength of a powerful man, I fumigate thee for acquiring know-
ledge of the Earth, and knowing the principal part of the essential nature
of learning. On this earth, in a place where the learned are worshipped,
with the lustre of powerful, fast fire I urge thee for its application, and
for doing noble deeds. I prepare thee for the completion of the yajna,
for the completion of the best part of the yajna. I goad thee for fame,
and the most important part of the yajna, I stimulate thee for performing
the yajna, and the most important part of the yajna.

10. O learned person we establish thee for sincerity, for honouring
the learned, and for performing the yajna. We establish thee for philan-

7. Thy . A learned person.

9. Sacrificer : One who performs the yajna, yajman,

I : The priest. :

Repetition in this verse is meant for the sake of omphatif .

Fumigate : Sitting in the yajnasbala, the sacrifictr is tncittd by th priest for various
noble deede,

CHAPTER XXXVII 337

thropy, for performing the yajna, and for finishing it to the end. We
establish thee for land, for the yajna, and the best part of the yajna,

11. O learned person, a glorious, charitable man, receives thee for
the administration of justice, for the observance of religious obligations,
and for the performance of religious practices as ordained by God. May
he unite thee with the sweetness of worldly objects, but protect thyself
from their evil attachment.

As thou art noble, pure like the flame of fire, and embedded in
religious austerity, hence we pay thee homage.

12. O woman, unconquerable in the East, in Agni's overlordship,
give me life. Rich in sons, in the South, in Sun's overlordship give me
offspring.

Fair-seated, in the West, in God Creator's overlordship, give me
spiritual sight. Excellent in hearing, in the North, in air's overlordship,
Give me increase of wealth.

Strong in convictions in the upper direction, in the overlordship of
a learned master of the vedas, give me energy.

Being filled with a reflective mind, protect me from women given to
adultery.

13. O learned person, in the company of other men, act thou nobly,
protect us from the lightning-fall.

Practice action, contemplation and knowledge.

14. God pervades all the objects of Nature. He is Father of the
wise, and Guardian of all living creatures.

He is Self Effulgent, and being Creator, shines like the shining man
of knowledge. Let all attain to Him.

15. Fire duly receives light from the Self-Effulgent God, and from
the impelling sun created by God.

Know Him truly through righteous conduct.

Through religious practices, attain to God, the Self-Illuminator, the
Stimulator, and the Glorifier of all material objects.

16. God is the Sustainer of the Sun, who imparts heat to all objects
in the atmosphere. He is Immortal and realisable through austerity.
Effulgent God is the Sustainer of all the forces of Nature. He shines
lustrously. May He grant us Vedic speech, full of excellent teachings
and companion of the learned.

17. May I see God, the "Protector, the Immovable, knowable
through paths of virtue, here and hereafter. He encompassing the
Quarters and sub-quarters, permeates all the worlds,

338 YAJUR VEDA

18. Lord of all earths, Lord of all minds, Lord of all vedic speech,
thou Lord of speech entire ; Brilliant, happiness bestowing God, Listener
to the supplications of the learned, Guardian, protect in this world the
righteous learned persons. Give us the pleasant knowledge of useful
instructions and excellent teachings. Protect favourably the learned for
acquiring divine virtues, with the help of the teacher and preacher who
know the science of honey, antidote to poison.

19. O God, we meditate on thee, for the purity of heart, for the
steadfastness of mind, for the manifestation of knowledge, and for learning
the science of heavens. Foremost Thou. Preach Thou the sacrifice free
from violence, in noble dealings and amongst learned persons.

20. O God Thou art our Father, King-like instruct us fatherly.
Obeisance be to thee. Do not Thou harm me.

May we, the masters of material objects win Thee. Vouchsafe me
sons and cattle. Grant us offspring. Safe may I remain together with
my husband.

21. O learned person or woman, enjoy nicely day and knowledge,
in a wide awake manner, in the light of the Sun and Dharraa,

May night full of brightness, with her lustre, intelligence and action
serve us excellently.

19. Sacrifice : Yajoa,

CHAPTER XXXVIII

1. O learned woman, thou art charitable in thy definite behaviour.
In this world created by the Agreeable God, with arms powerful like
the sun and moon and with hands strong, protective and retentive like
the air, I take thee.

2. O woman, well-instructed like speech, come unto me. Thou
comest unto me, I go unto thee. O giver of entire happiness, may thou
get full happiness. May thy husband give thee happiness ; so acquire
him.

O highly learned woman, select a learned husband. Go to him who
is advanced in knowledge.

3. O woman, thou art constant bestower of knowledge, a turban
for supreme state politics, a protector like the Earth, dedicate thyself to
pleasant domestic life.

4. O learned woman, acquire excellence, satisfy well thy parents.
Possessing body endowed with consciousness, please thy teachers with
truthful speech.

Knowing the science of electricity rightly acquire supremacy.

5. O highly learned woman, thy breast milks the child and makes
it sleep. Thy husband is bringer of happiness, possessor of noble qualities,
master of riches, and charitable in nature. With his aid thou acquirest
all desirable objects. Establish him in this house for acceptance. May .
I, through him rise to the vast summit of prosperity.

6. O strong man, like the twentyfour syllables of the Gayatri
metre, observe thou celibacy for twentyfour years ; like fortyfour syllables
of Trishtup metre, observe thou celibacy for fortyfour years.

2. This verse relates to marriage. Husband and wife are free in the choice of their
life companion.

This verse may also mean O Rigvedamay we master thee, O Sama veda may we master
thee, O Yajur veda may we master thee.

May we master thee, master thee, master thee.

OT[ fro i (TOO iii

3 Just as the turban protects the head, so does a learned woman protect her country
with her political sagacity.

5* I : Preceptor, priest or teachress.

6. Who takes vow ;- At the time of marriage, with water in hand, husband and wif
take some vows.

340 YAJUR VEDA

I grasp thee dear wife beautified by the Sun and Earth, and accept
thee who takes vow with water in hand. O husband and wife behave
mutually like Pran and Apan to accomplish your tasks.

O Vasus, protect nicely the sacrifice and the sweet honey prepared
by the bees. Work together well and nobly to make sun's beams bring
rain

7. O husband or wife, turly do I accept thee for purifying the air
that moves in the atmosphere. Nicely do I accept thee for purifying the
air in the water and the house. I enjoin upon thee to be fearless and
unconquerable, and to know the air in medicinal herbs. Verily do I ask
thee to be irresistible, and know the velocity of air. Nobly do I accept
thee as protection-seeker, for knowing specially the force of breath. In
a noble way do I accept thee for the juice in which eatable food creates
viscosity, and for Udan breath.

8. O husband or wife, in true words, do I accept thee for the
wealthy and powerful offspring. Truly do I accept thee for the erudite,
self-controlled, misery-killing offspring. In truthful words, do I accept
thee for the foe-killing, and affluent offspring. Truly do I accept thee
for the offspring knowing the science of Sun, and befriending the wise,
understanding the mighty atmosphere, and possessing stores of provisions.
In true words do I accept thee for the offspring, the guardian of the
vedas, and the embodiment of noble virtues.

9. O husband or wife, I, resplendent like sacrifice, in true words
do accept thee for the offspring, knowing the science of electricity, lover

of justice, and friend of the learned. Verily do I accept thee for sacrifice.
Truly do I accept thee as a protector.

10. O teacher and preacher, in this world, taste ye the remnants of
this pleasant well-arranged sacrifice. Let the priest seated in the south
of the altar, accompany and worship the learned in all quarters.

Pran and Apan : Ju,t as in-going and out-going breaths arc inseparable from each other,
so should the husband and wife work mutually to accomplish their domestic tasks.

Vasus ; -Those who have observed celibacy for 24 yean, at the time they taste Madhu-
parka.

Sun's beams : They should perform Agnihotra daily, which brings timely rain,

7. In this verse I refer to the husband or wife. The various duties of a married
couple are enumerated in the verse.

Udan : One of the five vital airs or life wind, which rises up the throat and enters into
the head, the other four being Pran, Apan, Saman and Vyan.

Udan breath serves as an aid to digestion.

CHAPTER XXXVIII 341

11. O husband or wife, with the verses of the Yajur veda, in a nice
way, in the light of the Sun, in the fire fit for yajna, perform with
pleasure, the duty of domestic life. In the light of knowledge, perform
with pleasure in the company of the learned, the Sanyas yajna; the giver
of true spiritual knowledge.

12. O well educated husband and wife, protect daily the yajna,
which broadens our mental vision, gives us scientific and technical know-
ledge, and is worth preservation day and night, in various ways. Give
food and show respect to the technician who brings the Sun and atmoi
phere in service

13. O husband and wife, protect together the domestic life like air
and lightning. Like the Sun and Earth judge together the responsibilities
of the married life, whereby in this domestic life let your boons of know-
ledge and pleasure be bestowed on all.

14. O husband or wife, the recipient of truth, religious minded,
thou art free from violence, hence establish wealth for us, learn the veda,
acquire sovereignty, and preserve the subjects. Hence enjoy overflow for
food, enjoy overflow for vedic knowledge and God, enjoy overflow for
energy, enjoy overflow for vedic knowledge and God, enjoy overflow for
political power, enjoy overflow for Heaven and Earth.

15. Husband and wife should try to save powerful, violent persons
from irreligious acts. They should respect the pupils who repeat the
utterances of their preceptor. They should receive gladly the thundering
clouds. They should respect the highly cultured people, who purify the
world with sacrifice, and like seasons protect us. They should use res-
pectful words for ladies and gentlemen dignified like the Sun and Earth.
They should always speak the truth to all the learned people.

16. O husband or wife, for the soul that wisely extols the life
breaths, let light combine with light in a righteous manner. Spend the
day rightly combining the light of knowledge with the light of noble
qualities.

Wisely spend the night, rightly combining the light of contem-
plation with the light of noble religious qualities. May we enjoy through
smell the sweet butter oblations put in the highly blazing fire. O Supreme
God, I bow unto Thee. Let not Thou injure me.

11. Husband and wife are allowed to become a Sanyasi (recluse) if developed spirit-
ually.

13% Just as air and lightning, the Sun and Earth work together for the good of others, so
should married couple live together peacefully realizing their responsibilities.

342 VAJUR VfiDA

17. O learned person, famous, chastiser of the wicked, majestic,
possessing far-spread glory, and wise, thou condemnest the spread of
ignorance. Seat thee well on earth with plenty to eat. Thou art mighty.
Be happy, thou best entertainer of the learned. Loosen through Homa
the smoke ruddy and beautiful to see.

18. O learned husband or wife, may thy meditation and divine
contemplation for preserving the knowledge of the pupils, and the
provisions of the yajna increase and be ever accomplished. True speech
for that act and thee.

O husband or wife bright like the day, that flight of thine in the
air, with the help of electricity as expounded in Trishtup, may increase
and be accomplished. True speech for that act and thee.

O husband or wife, lustrous like Electricity, that shining perfor-
mance of thine on the Earth, in the Assembly, or amongst the people,
may increase and be accomplished. True speech for that performance and
thee.

19. O king, guard the body of the Kshatriya and Brahroana for
affording protection to others. Just as we follow thee for acquiring
new supremacy, so let thy subjects follow thee in a spirit of devotion.

20. A godly person, like the four-cornered navel, serves in abun-
dance, God, the Protector of the world and True in nature. May he, full of
age and engagements teach us. May he, advanced in age and happiness in-
struct us in the knowledge of God, so that we may shun the hateful enemies,
and cast aside the crooked persons.

21. O most Adorable God, this is Thy nourishing power. Be
great thereby and make others also great. Be strong, make others strong.

Through your compassion, just as we advance, let us make others
advance. Just as we grow great, let us make others great.

22. All should understand lightning-fire, the cause for rain, fast
in motion, mighty, roaring, like friend fair to see, shining with the Sun in
the atsmosphere, the ocean of water.

23. To us let waters and plants be friendly; to him who hates us,
whom we hate, unfriendly.

24. May we, looking mentally upon God, free from darkness,
highest of all, noblest amongst the noble, the light that is most excellent,
nicely attain to happiness on all sides.

23. See 6-22.

24. Sec 2Ck21, 27-10. 35-14,

CHAPTER xxxvm 345

25. O God, Thou shinest in our souls, Thou art brilliant like the
burning fuel, Thou art the illuminator of knowledge like electricity, give
me light. May we progress in full, having acquired Thee.

26. O God, far as the Heaven and Earth are spread in compass, far
as the seven oceans are extended, so vast do! take with strength Thy
indestructible power of perseverance. I imbibe in me Thy imperishable
power.

27. With lustrous fulgency, with readily serviceable riches, the
yajna shines with triple light. In my soul be that great mental force, in my
soul be strength, wisdom and action.

28. O virtuous happy person, the strength through milk thou hast
gained, may we through each succeeding year enjoy the bliss of drinking
it. May we thereby for wisdom'attain to thy wisdom and manifest strength.
May I, the remover of the defects of milk brought near, invited, the per-
former of Ho ma, enjoy a share of the invigorating and savoury milk, drunk
and tasted by the soul.

25. See 20-23.

27. Triple light : the light of fire, lightning and Sun, or soft, medium Rod excessive
light.

CHAPTER XXXIX

1. Swaha to the vital breathings with their controlling lord, the
soul.

To earth Swaha ! To Agni Swaha !

To Firmament Swaha !

To Vayu Swaba ! To Sky Swaha ! To Surya Swaha !

2. To the Quarters Swaha ! To the Moon Swaha ! To the Stars
Swaha ! To the Waters Swaha ! To the Ocean Swaha ! To the Navel
Swaha ! To the Purifying light Swaha !

3. To Speech Swaha ! To Breath Swaha ! To Dhananjaya Vayu
Swaha ! To the right eye Swaha ! To the left eye Swaha ! To the right
ear Swaha I To the left ear Swaha !

4. The wish and purpose of the mind and truth of speech may I
obtain. Bestowed on me be cattle's beauty, sweet taste of food, fame and
grace, through truthful speech and virtuous conduct.

5. Worship Him alone Who retains the soul called Prajapati, (the
nourisher of men); the well protected soul called Samrat, (filled with
lustre); the well received soul called Vaishvadeva (Connected with all
meterial objects); the soul separated from the body, called Dharma, (full of
brilliance); the soul progressing called Teja (light); she soul well received
in water called Ashwin (connected with Pran and Apan); timely received
soul called Paushan (the light connected with the Earth); the violent soul
called Maruta (the light connected with man's body); the soul reared in

1. Swaha : The sacrificial exclamation on making an offering.

It means, uttered in truthful speech. It denotes righteous action.

All the thirteen verse^ in this chapter relate to cremation. They are recited at the
time of cremating the dead body. The dead body should never be entered in the ground, thrown
in the jungle, or a river. Cremation is the only remedy against its pollution and spread of
diseases from its offensive odour. Swami Dayananda has condemned in strong words the
disposal of the corpse in ways other than cremation.

2. People should send in all directions, by burning the body, its parts through fire.

3. All parts of the body should be thoroughly burnt. Those who burn the dead body
with odorous butter and sweet-scented provisions do a virtuous act.

Dhananjaya A kind of vital air nourishing the body.

The different organs of the body are named to be burnt completely.

4. Those who cremate the dead bodies properly attain to grace, fame, etc.

5. Soul enters the body through water or semen, Twelve names for the soul have been
enumerated in the verse, depicting its twelve qualities.

CHAPTER XXXIX 345

water called Maitra (connected with friendly Pran)> the attacking soul
called vayavya (full of velocity Uke air); the soul invoked called Agneya
(burning lustrous like fire), the soul recognised as bead calkd vak (one
that commands and gives orders).

. After death, the soul goes to the Sun on the first day ; to Agni
on the second ; to Vayu on the third; to Aditya on the fourth; to
Chandrama (the moon) on the fifth ; to Ritu on the sixth ; to Maruts
on the seventh ; to Brihaspati on the eighth ; to Mitra on the ninth ; to
Varuna on the tenth ; to Indra on the eleventh ; to all divine, noble traits
on the twelfth. ;

7. The soul after death, according to its actions becomes fierce and
calm ; terrible and fearless ; ignorant and enlightened ; trembling and
steadfast ; forbearing and unforbeating ; passionate and ascetic ; and a
prey to bewilderment.

8. The souls after death attain to fire with the heart ; to -lightning
with the upper part of the heart ; to Pashupati with the whole heart ; to

Bhava with the liver.

To Sharva with the two cardinal bones ; to Ishana with righteous
indignation; to Mahadeva with the intercostal flesh ; to the Fierce God
with the rectum ; to handsome chinned person, to knowable and procu-
rable powers with two lumps of flesh near the heart.

9. Souls inside or outside the womb become virile through pure
blood ; lovely through virtuous deeds ; chastisable through ignoble deeds ;
supreme through pastime ; noble through spiritual force ; achievers of
aims through enjoyment. Suitable place for fire is between the ribs ;
for bile the liver ; for waters the rectum ; for soul the protector of bodily
organs the pericardium.

6. Aditya: rays of the sun.
Ritu .Season, personified.
Maruts : Human beings.
Brinaspati : The Sutra Atma Vayu.
Mitra : Pran.
Varuna : Udan.
Indra : Lightning.

The soul roams after death, through different regions, for twelve days, before it takes
its birth, being washed of its impurities.

8. Pashupati : God the protector of the cattle, the sustainer of the universe.
Bhava : The Omnipresent God.
Sbarva : The Omniscient God.
Ishana : God the Lofd of the universe.
Mahadeva : -Great God.

346 YAJUR VEDA

10. To the hair Swaha ! To the nails Swaha ! Swaha for burn-
ing the external skin ! Swaha for burning the internal skin ! Swaha for
burning the blood ! Swaha for burning the heart's blood ! Swaha for
burning the fats ! Swaha for burning ail the wet parts of the body I
Swaha for burning the external fleshy parts ! Swaha for burning the in-
ternal fleshy parts ! Swaha for burning the gross sinews ! Swaha for
burning the subtle sinews ! Swaha for burning the tough bones ! Swaha
for burning the soft bones ! Swaha for burning the marrows ! Swaha
for burning the internal part of the marrows ! Swaha for burning the
semen ! Swaha for burning the anus !

11. Take nourishing diet for physical exertion, for lofty adventure,
for concerted effort, for endeavour by different organs, for enterprise, for
physical and mental purity, for contemplative soul, for expounding nice
ideas, and for spiritual power.

12. Exert for the performance of religious duty, the advancement
of the man of penance, the Brahmchari devoted to study, the recluse, the
people lustrous like the Sun. Try hard to avoid sins, expiate for them,
and ward off physical ailments through medicine.

13. Honour the just ruler. Keep away Death the great Finisher.
Worship God the destroyer of the wicked. Contemplate on God the
Great. Try for the preservation of vedic knowledge. Revere all learned
persons > utilise all the forces of nature. Acquire the knowledge of
Heaven and Earth.

10. All parts of the body should completely be burnt to ashes.

Swaha .I put into the fire an oblation of butter and sacrificial provisions*

CHAPTER XL

1. O man, all moving beings in the universe are enveloped by the
Omnipotent God. Enjoy what God hath granted thee. Covet not the
wealth of any man.

2. Man, only doing unselfish, religious deeds in this world, should
wish to live for a hundred years. So Karma cleaveth not to man. No
way is there for thee but this for emancipation.

3. Verily, the men engulfed in the darkness of ignorance, and
those who disobey the dictates of conscience, are sinners given to carnal
pleasures. They, in this life, qnd after death, attain to those sexual enjoy-
ments enwrapt in affliction and ignorance.

4. God is permanent, One, swifter than mind, beyond the reach
of physical organs, speeding on before them. He through His Omnipre-
sence, outstrips the physical organs running after passions.

Residing in Him doth soul perform action.

5. God moves in the eyes of fools. He is motionless. He is far
distant from the irreligious and ignorant, and near the yogis. He is
within this entire universe, and surrounds it externally.

6. The man, who sees all animate and inanimate creation in God,
and God pervading all material objects, falls not a prey to doubt.

7. A man contemplating upDn God, feels in Him all beings like
unto himself. Such a yogi looking upon God as an unequalled One, be-
comes free from delusion and grief.

1. It may also mean enjoy the universe in a spirit of renunciation. One should shun
worldly enjoyments to enjoy real spiritual happiness*

fa ?OT^ may also mean given to thee by God. Content thyself with what God has
given thee.

Don't be greedy. To whom do the riches belong ? To none, then why run after money.

2. So; Doing noble, religious deeds.

No way : For salvation there is no other way, but the performance of good deeds*

3. The word Loka has been translated by some commentators as worlds, regions. Swami
Dayananda translates it as men who see. There are no regions where pain and ignorance
predominate.

6. The man he who has renounced the world and wishes for final emancipation. The
reading of the Kanva recension is 'na vijugupsate' does not shrink away from them as alien
and infer/or to his ownself.

348 YAJUR VEDA

8. God is All pervading, Lustrous, Bodiless, Flawless, Sinewless,
Pure, Unpierced by evil. He is Omniscient, Knower of the hearts of all,
Censurer of the sinful, and Self-existent. He truly reveals through the
vedas all things for His subjects from His immemorial attributes, free
from birth and death.

9. Abandoning God, deep into the shade of blinding gloom fall the
worshippers of eternal, unborn Matter. They sink to darkness deeper
yet who are engaged in the material pleasures of the world.

10. One fruit, they say, results from the knowledge of this created
world, the Effect, another from the knowledge of eternal Matter, the
Cause. That from the sages have we heard who have declared this
lore to us.

11. Tlie man who knows simultaneously the effect and the cause,
overcoming death through the knowledge of the cause, attains to salvation
through the knowledge of the effect, the created world.

12. To blinding darkness go the men who worship Nescience.
Those proud of little knowledge enter darkness that is darker still.

13. Different is the fruit, they say, of knowledge and Nescience.
Thus from the sages have we heard who have declared this lore to us.

14. He who simultaneously knoweth well these two, knowledge
and Action, overcoming death by Action, by knowledge gaineth salvation.

15. O active soul, at the time of death, remember Om, remember
God for thy vitality and thy eternity, remember thy deeds. Know that

9. They who worship the eternal uncreated matter are spiritually degraded, and are
put to suffering. Those who worship and enjoy the material objects of the world are
more degraded. God alone is worthy of worship. Asambhuti is undeveloped Prakriti, Nature
in its causal or germinal state when it has not been evolved as the universe which is the
effect. It is also called tamas, darkness or chaos. This worship is mere blindness, and
ignorance.

10. Each fruit from the worship of Cause and Effect fail* to achieve the desired object,
regarding the integration of soul with the Supreme Self.

11. One should know simultaneously the eternal Matter, the cause 91TO of the utti verse,
and the effect, TO?, the created world.

Sambbuti : The world in which all substances are created.

Vinasha :-The eternal matter in which all substances are resolved at the -time of
dissolution.

Knowledge of Matter 'frees one from the fear of death and the knowledge and practice of
noble virtuous 'and religious 'deeds leads one to final beatitude. Ubbat translates Sambhuti
as God the Great.

12. Nescience :-Worsnip of Matter, not God. Those who with a ' Smattering of
knowledge style themselves as highly learned fall iat6 greater darkasss.

CHAPTER XL 349

soul is immaterial and immortal but the body is finally reduced to ashes.

16. O Divine, Lustrous, Benevolent God, most ample, respectful
adoration do we bring Thee. Thou art All-Knowing. Remove from us
the sin that leads us astray. Lead us through virtuous path to riches,
happiness and all sorts of wisdom.

17. Omen, by me the Resplendant Protector is covered the face
of Eternal Cause, the Matter. The Spirit yonder in the Sun, that spirit
dwelling there am I. I am vast like the atmosphere, Greatest of all in
merit, action, and nature am I. Om is My name.

17, Om is the best name of God. Om comes from the root in (to protect). Gcd is On
ai He protects the universe and us all.

CORRIGENDA

Page and Line

As originally printed

Correction

2, last line

lohn

John

3,3

Ken

ken

12, last line but one

Stranslates

translates

J-Mf ) f>

araswati

Saraswati

15,7

(18-8, 12)

to be omitted

20,1

aniquated

antiquated

23,25

science

the science

23,26

applications

application

25,3

Thee

Thee,

26,23

to be omitted

26,35

mid region

mid region,

26, foot-note 1

Chand

Dev

27,15

thus

and thus

27, foot-note 2

verses

words

29,3

thee

ghee

29.12

sustainer

the sustainer

30, foot-note 15

ladies

ladles

32, foot-note 7

to be omitted

32, foot-note 8

the

their

33, foot-note 7

who

Who

33, last line

lord

Lord

34, foot-note 14

Chand

Dev

35, foot-note 1

Chand

Dev

38,23

who

Who

38,24

who

Who

41, foot-note 5

48, foot-note 8

regrets

regets

48, foot-note 14

Shwatra

Swabs

50,29

into

unto

51,6

Earth

Earth.

51,7

fixed

fixest

55,3

a born

adorn

69,5

possessor

possessors

69,13

wife

wife.

69,13

70,10

that

Who

Page and Line
72, foot-note 1
81,29
82,32
83,4
85,7
85,8
87,18
89,29
93,21
96,7
97,22

97, foot-note 3

98, foot-note 4
99,25

99,27

100,2

100,12

104, foot-note 2

104, foot-note 2
105.3

105,7
105,17

105. 22
105,26

107. 17
110, 10
110,23

112, 2, 3

112,30
113,2

113, 14
114, 14

115. 18
123.1
124.9
125.4

126, foot-note 5
127,1

CORRIGENDA

Ai originally printed

Correction

describes

describes the

happiness

happiness,

donors

donors.

appearance

appearance,

successful :

successful

thee

Thee

who

Who

wisdom,

wisdom

has controlled

hast controlled

Dissyallabic

Dissyllabic

wordly

worldly

Drive

Derive

Learned

Learn

King

King,

truthful

truthful,

VII

VII.

and and

and

destroye

destroyer

supermacy

supremacy

princes

princes, and

be prosperous

prosperous

hearts

heart's

master

mastery

alter

altar

electricity

electricity,

words from 'like' to

to be omitted

'body 1

May

Mayest

up water

harmless

harmless,

knowledge

knowledge,

voluptuous,

voluptuous

are

art

vedas

Vedas

you

yee

351

352

Page and Line
127,17
127,22

128. 17

128, foot-note 3

131. 18
137,14

137, foot-note 4

137, foot-note 6

141.25

142,2

145.17

146,9

148,19

150,21

152,22

169,6

176, foot-note 3.

178, foot-note 3,

179,6

180,3

180,17

1817

182. 31

183,4

188, foot-note 1

1%, 13

190,16

190,30

122,11

193, 16

200,22

201,29

202,1

202,2

205, foot-note 3,

206.26

225, foot-not 3,

YAJUR VEDA

As originally printed

Correction

pupil

pupil,

knowledge

dertination

destination, so I

farmers

farmers,

God,

God

earth

earth,

moving

moving,

persons

persons,

the

due

door

doer

the auspiciousness.

thy auspiciousness,

acts is,

acts, is

life,

life.

mxster

master

instruments, who

instruments, let not the

treasure of arrows and

weapons of this comman-

der who

month

mouth

obsorbed

absorbed

his

His

he,

Ubiquitous

Ubiquitous,

people

people,

commander

commander,

queen

queen,

just

Just

speeches

speeches,

knowledge

knowledge,

thy

Thy

m impulses

my impulses

the gain

my gain

firmament

firmament.

were

where

Lustre

Sun

Truth

Trust

gruel

gruel,

CORRIGENDA

353

Page and Line

As originally printed

226,7

juice

226,24

staff

229,26

realise

230,9

physicians

234,39

subjects ;

234, last line

us t

239,10

man

239,15

shouldst

239,16

man

240.23

prospector

240, foot-note, last line

243, 11

saying

245,2

multitudes

250.16

Ushni, Kakup

250,16

and

250, foot-note 13,

needle just

251,8

fascinating

252,11

learned

253,6

bound

254,17

thee

254,18

thee

254,19

possessions,

255, foot-note 6

ftrerer

260,23

other

260, foot-note 8,

Iguana means lizard

260, foot-note 10,

A black bird.

264,28

filled

265,23

who

269. foot-note 1

for learned

271. 16

thy

274, 20

with the knowledge

275,6

Instruments

277,6

providence

277, foot-note 1

place wrship

277, foot-note 2

Vedic nsthan

282,12

electricity

287,8

contributes

288/25

art

290,12

the the

Correction

juice of
Staff
realises
physicians,
subjects,
just
men
should
men

protector
to be omitted
sayings
multitude

Ushnik, and Kakup
To be omitted,
needle. Just
fascinating,
learned,
bounds
Thee
Thee
possessions

otter

to be omitted

A black bird.

Iguana means lizard,

filled with

Who

for the learned

Thy

with knowledge

Instructions

Providence

place of worship

Vedic Sansthan

electricity,

contributes to

light

the

354

YAJUR VEDA

Page and Lin

As originally printed

291.3

291,14

conscious

291,22

inspirers

292,14

296, Footnote 9

303,16

him

304,8

treated

310.5

in the

313,27

truly,

313,28

thou

319, 11

world,

319, at the end

329,12

yourself

329,18

protector

329,18

worthy

330,11

remover

330, Footnote 5

frees

332,15

333,2

transquiliser

334,8

334, 11

thy

334, 12

thou

335, 12

abode of

335,23

art

340,7

turly

340,9

enjoin upon

344, Footnote 4

entered

Correction

follow thou
conscious,
inspiring
like a
or

Him
created
in

truly
Thou

world, the King and
add us the learned
persons
yourselves
Protector
Worthy
Remover
free
to

Transquiliser
Do,
Thy
Thou

abode of the learned,
are
truly
enjoin
intered

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