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DATE DUE 1

UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS
LIBRARY

191

A98

1906

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YEAR BOOK

OF THE

AYRSHIRE BREEDERS

1006

Containing the proceedings of the Annual Meeting,
Official Milk and Butter Records and general informa-
tion about Ayrshires and the Ayrshire Breeders'
Association.

ANIMAL
^'L'SBANDRY

I -i-gtniii'BiriBitwiMaiT-"—

LIBRARY

Report of the Proceedings

OF THE

THIRTY-FIRST ANNUAL MEETING

OF THE

Ayrshire Breeders' Association,

Yates Hotel, Syracuse, N. Y.

December 20, 1905.

The Thirty-first Annual Meeting of the Ayrshire
Breeders' Association was held at Yates Hotel, Syra-
cuse, N. Y., in response to the call of the Secretary, and
was called to order. at two p. m. by the President, Dr.
Thomas Turnbull, Jr., who said :

I welcome all members of the Association to our meet-
ing; also, all the gentlemen who are not members, and
hope that we may interest them so much that they will
become interested, not only in the Association, but in
our breed.

There is one thing that I want to speak of first, and
that is that every gentleman in speaking will please
announce his name so that the stenographer can get it
for the minutes.

The first matter of business is the reading of the min-
utes of the last meeting.

The minutes of the last meeting were read by the
Secretary and approved.

Dr. Turnbull — The next in order is the calHng of
the roll.

ROLL CALL.
In response to the roll call by the Secretary, the fol-
lowing members responded as being present :

Wm. T. Wells, of S. M. Wells

& Son Newington, Conn.

Elmer F. Pember. Bangor, Me.

Prof. H. Hayward, of Mt.

Hermon School for Boys . . Mt. Hermon, Mass.

H. B. Cater, of H. F. Cater

& Son Rochester, N. H.

Charles H. Hayes, of C. H.

Hayes & Sons Portsmouth, N. H.

R. M. Handy, Supt. Straf-
ford County Farm . Dover, N. H.

William Lindsay Plainfield, N. J.

J. D. Magie, of J. D. & B. L.

Magie Elizabeth, N. J.

W. V. Probasco Cream Ridge, N. J.

F. M. Babcock Gouverneur, N. Y.

Geo. Wm. Ballou Middletown, N. Y.

E. L. Button Melrose, N. Y.

N. E. Clark Potsdam, N. Y.

J. F. Converse. . '. Woodville, N. Y.

Dr. C. E. Hatch Gainesville, N. Y.

L. Huffstater Sandy Creek, N. Y.

J. W. Jenkins Vernon, N. Y.

S. S. Karr & Sons Almond, N. Y.

James Miller Penn Yan, N. Y.

Mr. Kinsley, of Oneida

Community, Limited Ken way, N. Y.

Hillview Stock Farm, Ltd. . . . Paoli, Pa.

George E. Pike Gouverneur, N. Y.

Harry Skinner Utica, N. Y.

W. P. Schanck Avon, N. Y.

George Taber East Aurora, N. Y.

Ambie S. Tubbs Mexico, N. Y.

Howard Cook Beloit, Ohio.

Dr. Jerome F, Butterfield. . . South Montrose, Pa.

Obadiah Brown Providence, R. L

Nicholas S. Winsor Greenville, R. L

Dr. Thomas Turnbull, Jr. . . . Casanova, Va.

L. S. Drew South Burlington, Vt.

C. M. Winslow Brandon, Vt.

The following members responded by proxy:

George Bement Melrose, Cal.

John A. Baton & Son Wauregan, Conn.

T. S. Gold. West Cornwall, Conn.

J. H. Earned Putnam, Conn.

John Stewart Elburn, 111.

J. P. Buckley Stroudwater, Me.

P. K. Bacon Campello, Mass.

Calumet Woolen Co Uxbridge, Mass.

Davis Copeland & Son. ..... Campello, Mass.

Charles C. Doe Eexington, Mass.

George A. Fletcher Milton, Mass.

George W. Knowlton West Upton, Mass.

¥. C. Peirce Concord Junction.

Peter D. Smith Andover, Mass.

John W. Scott Austin, Minn.

James Surget Natchez, Miss.

Charles J. Bell Hollis, N. H.

Harlow N. Childs Piermont, N. H,

George C. Clark Orford, N! H.

W. R. Garvin Dover, N. H.

Charles S. Hayes Portsmouth, N. H.

Andy Holt ; . . . Lyndeboro, N. H.

E. A. Holt Hudson, N. H.

Herbert M. Kimball Concord, N. H.

George H. Yeaton Dover, N. H.

J. Andrew Casterline Dover, N. J.

Arden Farms Dairy Co Arden, N. Y.

N. Barnes Middle Hope, N. Y.

H. W. Cookingham Cherry Creek, N. Y.

Lawrence Dunham 7 E. 42d St., New York.

J. H. Griffin Moira, N. Y.

Lott Hall Gouverneur, N. Y.

A. L. Litchard & Son Rushford, N. Y.

Robert McCrea Champlain, N. Y.

Ormiston Bros Cuba, N. Y.

Francis Lynde Stetson Sterlington, N. Y.

G. L. Rodger Gouverneur, N. Y.

D. E. Siver Cooperstown, N. Y.

Oliver Smith & Son Chateaugay, N. Y.

L. D. Stowell Black Creek, N. Y.

W. C. Stowell Black Creek, N. Y.

W. G. Tucker Elm Valley, N. Y.

Samuel Verplank Fishkill-on-Hudson,

N. Y.

A. B. McConnell & Son.... Wellington, Ohio.

J. D. Honeyman Portland, Ore.

H. S. Ayer Columbus, Pa.

O. P. Blakeslee Spartansburg, Pa.

Christopher Byrne Friendsville, Pa.

Patrick Byrne .„ . St. Josephs, Pa.

A. M. Cornell Altus, Pa.

Geo. H. McFadden, by John

W. Oakey Bryn Mawr, Pa.

Robert Templeton & Son . . . Ulster, Pa.

John R. Valentine Bryn Mawr, Pa.

Edward S. Bowen Pawtucket, R. I.

Everett B. Sherman Harrisville, R. I.

Charles W. Emerson Charlotte, Vt.

Fisher & May St. Albans Hill, Vt.

Matthew Hannah Brownsville, Vt.

W. W. Houghton Lyndonville, Vt.

F. A. Joslyn Northfield, Vt.

W. C. Nye East Barre, Vt.

Fletcher D. Proctor Proctor, Vt.

Geo. L. Rice Rutland, Vt.

W. F. Scott Brandon, Vt.

Dr. Wm. Stanford Stevens . . St. Albans, Vt.

Vermont Experiment Sta-
tion Burlington, Vt.

Vermont Industrial School. . Vergennes, Vt.

H. R. C. Watson Brandon, Vt.

Fred Tschudy Monroe, Wis.

J. W. Clise Seattle, Wash.

J. G. Clark Ottawa, Ont.

Geo. Davidson West Derby, Vt.

Thomas Irving Petite Cote, Que.

Percival Roberts, Jr., by J.

Blair Ketchen Narberth, Pa.

Dr. Turnbull — The next matter of business to be

taken up is the report of the Secretary. We will now
listen to the report of the Secretary.

REPORT OF THE SECRETARY.

The past year has in several ways been very encourag-
ing to the Ayrshire interests, and an unusual prosperous
one in winning popularity for the breed and giving it a
stronger hold on popular favor.

Your Secretary has never had so many letters of in-
quiry about the breed as during the past year, and the
inquiry has come from all parts of the country.

The letters are from strangers, and appear to be from
men who are looking for information about the Ayrshire
as a dairy cow.

Some of the letters also ask for information as to
where in their immediate neighborhood they can find
breeders, and I mail them a copy of the Year-Book di-
recting them to the list of members.

One encouraging feature of the past year is the start-
ing in to breed Ayrshire cattle by a number of wealthy
men, and the testing of Ayrshires by men who are able
to buy the best and feed and care for their cows in a
manner to develop the best there is in them, and from
such we should get results that will raise the standard of
officially tested Ayrshire cows.

The Secretary placed a short advertisement in some
fifty papers all over the country, offering to send the
Year-Book fre,e on application, and with a moderate ex-
pense we believe we scattered information very exten-
sively. We have to record a long list of additions to the
Association, and no deaths have thus far been reported.

We feel to congratulate the Association on a steady and
substantial growth. Our entries for bulls have nearly
reached 10,000, and the cows have gone over 20,000,
nearly 21,000.

We issued an attractive Year-Book the past year which
has been very generally distributed, and with much good
to all breeders of Ayrshires. We issued Volume XVI of
the Herd-Book, containing 496 soHd pages of entries,
with indexes.

Judging ' from the number of entries already in, and
the increased rate of receiving entries, we shall be obliged
to close Volume XVII about March first.

In the last twenty years we have issued ten volumes
of the Herd-Book. The first five contain 6,337 entries,
while the last five contain 11,509 entries, showing a very
substantial gain, the last five years being nearly double.

There have been a number of auction sales of Ayrshires
which is an index of the growing popularity of the breed,
the individual animals that were desirable bringing satis-
factory prices, and some fancy animals bringing exceed-
ingly high prices. One sale in Canada, by the Hunters,
was said to have sold an imported Ayrshire bull for $700,
and cows brought between $500 and $700 for really choice
animals.

The Secretary then read the following letter :

Boston, Mass., December 11, 1905.

Mr. C. M. Winslow, Secretary of the Ayrshire Breeders'
Association:

Dear Sir. — Enclosed please find my check for $1,500,
which I wish to present to the Ayrshire Breeders' Asso-
ciation, to be kept as a permanently invested fund, and to
be known as the J. D. W. French Fund, the income of
which shall be used as prizes for the encouragement of
the dairy ability of the Ayrshire cow.

The definite way, or the details of the method used in
the selection of the cow or cows deemed worthy of re-

ceiving such prize I leave to the wisdom of the Associa-
tion, but I would direct that the prize or prizes when
awarded shall be in the form of gold or silver pieces,
each piece to be properly engraved, with the name of
the fund, the object for which it is given, and such other
additional information as may at the time commend itself
as appropriate to the circumstances connected with the
gift.

The income of this appropriation may be applied in
annual prizes or may be cumulative, but not to run for a
longer term than three consecutive years before being

applied.

Yours truly,

CORNELIA A. FRENCH.

In explanation of this letter, I would say that a while
ago I was moved to write Miss French, suggesting some-
thing of this kind in memory of her brother, the late
J. D. W. French, which struck her favorably, and she
asked me to call on her when in Boston, which I did, and
this is the result.

Mr. French was always very much interested in the
development of the dairy qualities of the Ayrshire cow,
and sometimes, in a quiet way, through me for the Asso-
ciation, offered prizes for the encouragement of dairy
superiority.

Mr. French, in his will, left his farm and Ayrshire
herd to this sister, and she naturally feels interested in
the breed, and has a very choice herd on the farm in
which she takes great pride.

AYRSHIRE BREEDERS' ASSOCIATION.
To C. M. WiNSLOw, Secretary, Dr.

This account is to October ist, for three-quarters of the
year.

To amount due Secretary from last year $50 59

To salary for three-fourths of the j^ear 525 00

To personal traveling expenses 94 03

To paid Experiment Station bills 150 58

To paid Home Dairy Test Committee expense 74 17

To postage stamps 74 00

To telegraph and telephone expense 3 51

To paid express 19 21

To paid freight 4 71

To paid awards in Home Dairy Test 125 00

To paid for advertising Year Books 49 43

To paid for use of hall for Boston meeting 12 00

To paid for banquet at Boston meeting .- 64 50

To paid stenographer for Boston meeting 17 94

To paid for office desk for typewriter, and chair 49 40

To paid Argus Company for work on Vol. XV 55 00

To paid Empire Engraving Company for work 30 43

To paid for a new Underwood typewriter 92 25

To paid Tuttle & Co. for rebinding books 2 00

To paid letter copy paper . 7 20

To paid typewriter ribbons .... 4 50

To paid print photograph of bull 25

To paid for clamps for desk 50

$1,506 20

Paid to Treasurer 623 68

$2,129 88

The H. D. T. prizes were paid to

L. S. Drew, for 1902-3 $20 00

G. H. Yeaton, for 1902-3 50 00

C. M. Winslow, for 1902-3 10 00

Howard Cook, for 1902-3 25 00

C. M. Winslow, for 1903-4 20 00

$125 00

By entries and transfers for three-fourths of year $1 , 710 00

By customs certificates for third quarter 7 50

By Private Herd Books sold 9 00

By milk record blanks sold 6 63

By pedigree blanks sold 2 50

By photographs sold 2 00

By advertisements in Year Book 64 00

By duplicate certificates. 1 25

By copy of Vol. XV 2 00

By life members (list below) 325 00

$2,129 88

J. P. STRICKLAND.
H. A. HORTON.
STRAFFORD CO. FARM.
J. HOOPER LEACH.
HARRY SKINNER.
S. FRANK TEFFT.
W. A. MERRIAM.
WILLIAM C. MARSHALL.
B. F. BARNES.
JOHN WILL.
E. M. DAVIDSON & SON.
J. S. LEACH & SON.
GEORGE A. KAHN.

Dover, N. H., November 2y, 1905.

This is to certify that I have carefully examined the
books of C. M. Winslow, Secretary of the Ayrshire
Breeders' Association, and find that his accounts corre-
spond with the quarterly settlements made with the
Treasurer of said Association.

GEO H. YEATON,

Auditor.

January 1, 1905, balance on hand $5 ,429 73

Sale of books 140 15

Received from Mr. Winslow 623 68

Dividends $91 98

73 82
S165 80

$6,359 36

Payments as per vouchers 1 , 992 27

$4,367 09

The above is a report of Treasurer of Ayrshire Breed-
ers' Association, from January i, 1905, to October i,
1905.

This certifies that I have examined the accounts of the
Treasurer of the Ayrshire Breeders' Association for the
nine months, from January i to October i, 1905, and find
credit given for all money received and vouchers for all
payments made, with a total fund in Treasurer's hands,
October i, 1905, of $4,367.09.

December 15, 1905.

GEO. H. YEATON,

Auditor.

The President — You have heard the reading of the
minutes and the report of the Secretary. Are there any
changes to be made on the minutes?

Mr. Wells — I make the motion that the report be
accepted.

Report accepted and adopted.

Report of the Treasurer read. Motion to accept and
adopt made and seconded.

Accepted and adopted.

Dr. Pember — I suppose the Secretary has already, in
a way, thanked Miss French for her kindly gift to this
Association, but I really think a formal vote should be
taken expressing our appreciation of her gift, and that
it should be voiced in some way and given in a commu-
nication to her. To bring it before the Association, I
move you that the sincere thanks of this Association be
extended to Miss French by a communication from our
Secretary to that effect.

Motion seconded.

The President — It has been moved and seconded
that the Association write to Miss French and thank her
for the generous gift she has given us, and I ask all in
favor of this motion to stand.

Motion unanimously carried, and the Secretary will
write to Miss French thanking her for the gift.

The President — The next matter of business is the
report of the Finance Committee, and, according to the
By-Laws, the President of the Association at the present
time is the Chairman of the Finance Committee, I believe,
so I will ask Mr. Brown to preside for a moment while
I read this report.

INVENTORY OF PROPERTY IN SECRETARY'S OFFICE
AT BRANDON, VT.

1 card case and letter case, indexed $50 00

1 writing desk and typewriter desk combined 45 00

2 typewriters 100 00

1 letter copy machine and desk 35 00

15& Private Herd Books 156 00

Postage stamps on hand 3 20

Balance of money on hand since last settlement, due

January 1st 110 61

27 volumes of Scotch Herd Books 27 00

12 volumes Canada Herd Books , 12 00

4 voliomes Bagg Herd Books $4 00

4 volumes Sturtevant Herd Books 4 00

The usual supply of office stationery and blanks for re-
cording, and milk sheets, extended pedigree sheets,
etc. , etc

$546 81

INVENTORY OF BOOKS IN HANDS OF TREASURER.

Vol. 1, Herd Book 156

Vol. 2, Herd Book (old edition) 3

Vol. 2, Herd Book (revised) 97

Vol. 3, Herd Book 88

Vol. 4, Herd Book 113

Vol. 5, Herd Book.. 1

Vol. 5, Herd Book (need rebinding) 19

Vol. 6, Herd Book 183

Vol. 7, Herd Book 189

Vol. 8, Herd Book 203

Vol. 9, Herd Book 124

Vol. 10, Herd Book -. 112

Vol. 11, Herd Book 144

Vol. 12, Herd Book 228

Vol. 13, Herd Book 236

Vol. 14, Herd Book 241

Vol. 15, Herd Book 265

Vol. 16, Herd Book 290

Total 2,692

2,692 volumes, at $2 per volmne $5, 384 00

Cash in hands of Treasurer :

Cash in Smithfield Savings Bank $3,765 78

Cash in National Bank 75 31

Cash 23 75

3,864 84

$9,248 84
Secretary's inventory 546 81

Total $9,795 65

THOMAS TURNBULL, Jr.,
C. M. WINSLOW.
N. S.. WINSOR,

Finance Committee, Dec. 9, 1905.

Mr. Brown - — Gentlemen, you have -heard the report
of the Finance Committee. What do you propose to do?
Do you accept it?

Mr. Pember — Motion seconded.

Carried and placed on file.

The President — The next matter to come before the
meeting is the report of the Home Dairy Tests by the
Secretary or Chairman of the Committee.

REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE ON HOME
DAIRY TESTS.

Your Committee on Horrie Dairy Tests for the Year
1904-5 would report as follows :

There were entered for testing the herds of George
H. Yeaton, Dover, N. H. ; Henry Dorrance, Plainfield,
Conn.; L. S. Drew, South Burlington, Vt. ; C. M. Wins-
low, Brandon, Vt. ; Howard Cook, Beloit, Ohio.

There were in the test about fifty cows that went
through the entire year.

The awards, as made by your Committee and recom-
mended for your approval, are as follows :

Single cow prize of thirty dollars. First, to George H.
Yeaton, Dover, N. H., on Miss Olga, giving 10,192
pounds of milk and 451 pounds of butter.

Second prize of twenty dollars to Henry Dorrance,
Plainfield, Conn., on Molly Fryer, giving 9,152 pounds
of milk and 427 pounds of butter.

Third prize of ten dollars, to C. M. Winslow, Bran-
don, Vt., on Acelista, giving 10,359 pounds of milk and
419 pounds of butter.

Herd Prizes.
First, of $75, to C. M. Winslow, Brandon, on

lola Lome giving

Miss Mabel D. . . . giving
Lulu Avondale. . . giving
Rose Clockston . . giving
Rose Foxglove. .. giving

8,924 lbs. of milk and 380 lbs. of butter
8,499 lbs. of milk and 366 lbs. of butter

7 , 060 lbs. of milk and 345 lbs. of butter

8 , 365 lbs. of milk and 334 lbs. of butter
6,996 lbs. of milk and 311 lbs. of butter

39,844

1,736

Second, of $50, to Howard Cook, Beloit, Ohio :

Ayrlynn Queen . . giving
Pearl Douglas. . . giving
Eugenie'sDouglas giving
Ruby Douglas... . giving
Kalley giving

9 , 355 lbs. of milk and 407 lbs. of butter
7,206 lbs. of milk and 332 lbs. of butter
7,118 lbs. of milk and 329 lbs. of butter
5.809 lbs. of milk and 308 lbs. of butter
7,338 lbs. of milk and 304 lbs. of butter

36.826

1,680

Third, $25, to George H. Yeaton, Dover, N. H. :

Ponemah giving 6,933 lbs. of milk and 344 lbs. of butter

Biona giving 8,261 lbs. of milk and 331 lbs. of butter

Uarda giving 8,228 lbs. of milk and 335 lbs. of butter

Oke Mar giving 7, 133 lbs. of milk and 318 lbs. of butter

Lukolela giving 6 , 836 lbs. of milk and 302 lbs. of butter

37,391 1,630

Among the cows tested there were :

2 cows that gaveover 10, 000 lbs. of milk.

4 cows that gave over 9 , 000 lbs. of milk

9 cows that gave over 8 , 000 lbs. of milk

21 cows that gave over 7 , 000 lbs. of milk

36 cows that gave over 6 , 000 lbs. of milk

38 cows that gave over 5 , 000 lbs. of milk

4 cows that gave over 400 lbs. of butter

28 cows that gave over 300 lbs. of butter

39 cow.s that gave over 250 lbs. of butter

It is the opinion of your Committee that the Home
Dairy Test should be continued, and that there is no
way in which the Association can do more good or bring
the Ayrshire before the pubUc in a more satisfactory
way than to present her claims by official tests of butter
and milk, which can be relied upon as being substantially
correct.

The day of saying a cow will give a certain amount
of milk or butter by estimation or guess is gone by, and
the public wants the truth.

That this method of bringing the Ayrshire cow before
the public is growing in favor with the breeders is shown
by the largely increased list of cows being tested for the
year 1905-6.

We have the following herds being tested for the year
ending March 31, 1906:

George H. Yeaton, Dover, N. H. ; Henry Dorrance,
Plainfield, Conn.; L. S. Drew, South Burlington, Vt. ;
C. M. Winslow, Brandon, Vt. ; Walter D. Turner, More-
town, Vt. ; Howard Cook, Beloit, Ohio ; George H.
McFadden, Bryn Mawr, Pa. ; John R. Valentine, Bryn
Mawr, Pa.; George Wm. Ballou. Middletown, N. Y. ;
J. G. Clark, Ottawa, Ont.

From these tests we have already had twenty-four cows
qualify for Advanced Registry for the next volume, this
being no extra expense to the Association, as it is car-
ried along in the Home Dairy Tests.

The above report is respectfully submitted.

C. M. WINSLOW,
THOMAS TURNBULL, Jr.,
ETNA J. FLETCHER,

Committee on Home Dairy Tests.

The President — You have heard this report, what is
your pleasure?

Mr. Pember — I move it be accepted.

The President — Will you incorporate in that the
authorization of the Treasurer to pay the prizes ?

Motion made and seconded.

The President — Is there any discussion ; if not, I
will put the question, and all of those in favor say aye, etc.

(Motion carried.)

The President — I would like to suggest that we
might take up at this point the question of continuing the
Home Dairy Test and the testing for Advanced Registry
the next year; what is your pleasure in regard to that?

Mr. Wells — I move it be continued under the same
general basis.

Motion seconded.

Mr. Converse — I would like to ask the Committee if,
in their experience the past few years, they have any
changes to suggest with reference to it before the motion
is put.

The President — In answer to that, about the only
change I would like to make is that every member of the
Association come in it. I think it has worked out satis-
factorily, and it certainly has been of marked advantage,
and we are finding out every day more and more what
the Ayrshire cow can do. W^e want every member of
this Association to come into the test, and not come in
with one cow, or two cows, or five cows, but to come in
with their whole herd.

Mr. Winslow — From my experience with it there is
nothing the Association has ever done in the Hne of put-
ting the Ayrshire before the world as a good dairy cow
that comes up to this in any way. Now, this past year we
have, in the Home Dairy Test, without any extra expense,
brought out twenty-four cows, or cows and heifers, that
have qualified for Advanced Registry, some two-year-old
heifers owned by men in this room, showing wonderful
dairy ability. They are reliable facts which appeal to
any man. If a mature cow has given in the course of a
year from 8,500 to 10,000 and over pounds of milk and
375 to over 400 pounds of butter, or a two-year-old heifer
has given six, seven or eight thousand pounds of milk and
from 225 to 300 pounds of butter in the year, it shows
there is milk and butter in the Ayrshire cow.

Mr. Hayward — I would li'ke to offer a suggestion.
It occurred to me since coming here that I believe the
Ayrshire Association is the only cattle association which
emphasizes the year's test, with the exception of the
Guernsey ; the Holstein and the Jersey going to the other
extreme and emphasizing the week's test. I have won-
dered whether it would be a good idea if in reporting
these tests we could not report the best week's work of
the year, or perhsps an effort might be made on the part
of the owner of the cow to try and get as good a week's
record for his cow and at the same time not spoil the
year's record, for the purpose of comparison with those
breeds of dairy cattle which are emphasizing the week's
work.

Mr. Oakey — I will say for the last year I have been
very much interested in this Home Dairy Test by being
in with Mr. McFadden's cows, and I think very much
as you do. I have heard the suggestion made by some

of the oflficers of this Association that they would Uke
to have larger herds for foundation work to show what
the Ayrshire cow could do in herds of large numbers.
Now I will make this suggestion and make an offer.
I will be one of five to start in the next year's test and
test every milking cow in the herd; or I will be one of
five to test twenty, twenty-five, thirty or thirty-five to
show the world what the Ayrshire cow can do. ^ I believe
that she is distinctly a milk and butter cow. In other
words, that the coming dairy cow of the future is the
Ayrshire cow. I think I can see that she is coming out
and has been sought for more and more, and I think it
will be a good way for the Association to spend a little
money to encourage it, and I will offer Mr. McFadden's
herd on that ground and will do the best I can ; of course,
there will be four more herds offered in the same way, so
we can have something substantial to look for.

Mr. Jenkins — In these tests are there any records of
the amount of grain fed to the dairy or only just the
amount of milk?

Mr. Winslow — We request the owner to fill in the
amount of feed. That is not official ; it is simply his own
version of it. We have no way of knowing exactly what
a cow eats only by the word of the man that owns the
herd. It is collateral information and of a good deal of
value,

Mr. Jenkins — What brought the point to my mind
was what Dr. Kinsley told me this morning, and the
Oneida Community herdsmen told me a good many years
ago practically the same thing, that they were old breed-
ers of Ayrshire cows and went into the breeding of Hol-
steins largely and they kept track of the amount of feed

the cattle, or cows, ate during the winter time. In the test
during the summer time while they were out to pasture
without any extra feed, there were three Ayrshires and
two Holstein cows. The Ayrshires gave over sixty-three
pounds of milk a day for thirty-eight days, and the Hol-
steins sixty-six pounds ; only three pounds difference
per cow in the milk during the thirty-eight days' test, and
on grass. ' When they were put in the stables and the
feed cut up, the two Holsteins ate more than the three
Ayrshires.

The President — I would like to say to you on the
point Mr. Oakey brought up in regard to having whole
herd tests, I am very anxious to see that done, and I
hope we can get five herds, or even three herds, or more.
Last summer it happened that the chief of the Dairy Di-
vision of the Bureau of Animal Industry and myself were
fellow-travelers together. I see him very frequently, and
I asked him at that time if the Government would take
up the matter of inspecting and testing herds for a year ;
he was very much in favor of it, and said that he thought
they might be able to do so and he would bring the matter
up before the Secretary of Agriculture to consider it, and
he hoped they might be able to do it. Of course, we have
our Home Dairy Test here in which we test one cow or
herds of five cows, or in which we test large herds.
I would like to see a number. of herds entered and run
through the year, every animal of the herd in milk, and
I would like to get the sanction of the Association to
continue this matter with the Secretary of Agriculture,
the Dairy Division, and, if possible, have a number of
herds tested for the year under the Government inspec-
tion. But I will ask you now first to take up the question
of the continuation of the Home Dairy Test and vote on

that and then the election of the Committee for this work,
and then the question of the entering of herds or having
the Government do the inspection. If you are ready for
the question, I will put it. All those in favor of continu-
ing the Home Dairy Test for the year 1906 and 1907
please signify by saying aye.

(Motion carried.)

The President — It is now for the Association to
elect three members for the Home Dairy Test Committee.

Motion made that the Committee consist of the Presi-
dent-elect, the Secretary-elect and Prof. Hayward.

(Seconded and carried.)

The President — The next question is in regard to
this testing of herds. Mr. Oakey has made the offer to
put in one herd if four more can be obtained; will any-
body offer their herd?

Herds offered by Messrs. Winslow, Hayward, Cook,
Pike, Dr. Butterfield.

Mr. Hayes — Mr. Yeaton is not here, but I have no
doubt but what he would be only too glad to enter his
herd. He has been very successful in the single and
five test, but I think that he has some in reserve.

The President — I think I am perfectly safe to count
Mr. Yeaton. The next matter of business is the election
of officers. The first office is President who must be
elected by ballot, but the Secretary, if we so request, may
cast that ballot. What is your pleasure in regard to it?

Mr. Schanck — I nominate William Ballou, a man
that has taken up the Ayrshires with both hands open and
cultivated them to the highest pitch on his farm.

Mr. Drew — I move that Dr. Pember be nominated
We look upon him, you might say, as a kind of a god-
father.

Mr. Wells — I move that we proceed to take an in-
formal ballot for President.

The President — Mr. Ballou has been nominated and
seconded, and it is moved that an informal ballot be taken
for President. All in favor say aye, contrary no.

Mr. Wells — I move the Chair appoint the tellers.
Messrs. Hayward and Pike appointed.
Secretary reads the report of the tellers :
Whole number of votes cast was thirty-seven, in which
Mr. Ballou had twenty-three and Mr. Pember fourteen.

Mr. Pember — I move you that the election of Mr. Bal-
lou be made unanimous informally and that the Secretary
be instructed to cast the vote of this body for Mr. Ballou
as President for the next year.

Motion seconded and carried unanimously.

The President — The ayes have it, and Mr. Ballou
is elected President, the Secretary having cast the vote
for Mr. Ballou.

Mr. Ballou — I want you to know that this is an
honor that I have not been seeking; I mean to say that
while I know that 1 am not exactly fitted for the place
I have got enthusiasm. I believe that there has been an
enormous amount of work done by this Association to
bring the breed up to its present status, and I know there
has got to be an enormous amount of work done to carry
it up where it belongs, the same as the Holsteins, the
Guernseys and Jerseys. We see a little of the future

in a sale made at the Hunter auction the other
day at Alaxville, Ont., where we were getting $700 and
$650 for bulls and calves and $285 for a young heifer or
calf two months old. That appeals to me, and that we
may all get into that business means a whole heap of work
for somebody to bring this thing to the front I know.
I realize the responsibility that is on anybody that under-
takes this work. I shall do the best I can, and I know
that the old and tried assistance here, from whom I have
always met with suggestions in every way, will be mine,
and that is the only manner in which I can carry this
work out if I take the Presidency. I thank -you for the
honor and will do my best to fill the place.

The President — I ask Dr. Pember and Mr. Converse
to escort our newly elected President to the chair. Nomi-
nations for vice-presidents are in order.

Mr. Wells — In place of Mr. Charles C. Doe I nomi-
nate Mr. W. P. Schanck. In place of Mr. Wells I nomi-
nate George H. McFadden ; I also nominate Obadiah
Brown and E. J. Fletcher.

Mr. Converse — I move you the Secretary be in-
structed to cast one vote for the gentlemen named.

The President — Those in favor of having one ballot
by the Secretary signify it by saying aye.

Motion seconded and carried.

Secretary reads the names of the Vice-Presidents for
next year.

The President — The next order of business is the
election of the Secretary and Editor.

Mr. Wells — I move the President cast one vote for
the re-election of Mr. Winslow.-

Motion seconded and unanimously carried.

Mr. Winslow — Thank you, and, gentlemen, I would
like to follow in the line of the remarks of our President
that if any of you see any way that the Secretary's work
can be improved let him know it. We all are working for
the best interests of the Ayrshire cow; Mr. Ballou as
President and I as Secretary like information and
prompting.

The President — And need it, and must have it.
The next order of business is the nomination and election
of a Treasurer.

Mr. Converse • — I move that the Secretary be in-
structed to cast one vote, for Mr. Winsor to succeed
himself.

Motion seconded and unanimously carried.

The President — The next business in order is the
nomination and election of an Auditor.

Dr. Turnbull — I move the Secretary be authorized
to cast a ballot for George H. Yeaton, of Dover, N. H.

Motion seconded and unanimously carried.

The President — The next business is the election of
two members of the Executive Committee in place of
Mr. S. M. Wells and Andy Holt.

Mr. Oakey — I nominate Mr. Wells to succeed himself.

Mr. Wells — I nominate Howard Cook.

Motion seconded and carried.

The Secretary — In the call for the meeting it oc-
curred that Article 3d be amended in regard to the duties
of Auditor. We found that the Finance Committee was

a little cumbersome to make an inventory of the assets
found in the Secretary and Treasurer's office and we
would like to amend Section 9, Article 3 so as to read :
" The Auditor shall examine all accounts sent him from
any member of the Finance Committee, and if found cor-
rect shall approve and forward the same to the Treasurer
for payment, and shall annually, when auditing the ac-
counts of the Secretary and Treasurer, previous to the
annual meeting, make a complete inventory of all prop-
erty found in the hands of the Secretary and Treasurer
and forward the same to the Finance Committee, which
shall be incorporated in the report of the Finance Com-
mittee to the Association at their annual meeting." The
Auditor has to go and settle with them, and it will save
expense.

The President — You hear the addition that has been
made to this Constitution. You put that as a motion?

The Secretary — I will.

Motion seconded and unanimously carried.

The President — The next business in order is the
presentation of names for membership in this Association.
Are there any names ?

The Secretary — I have two : Mr. Dudley Wells, of
Wethersfield, Connecticut, endorsed by S. M. Wells, and
J. B. Hill, of Burlington, Vt., endorsed by L. S. Drew.

Mr. Hayes • — I present the name of George E. Stick-
ney, of Newburyport, Mass.

Mr. Cook — I present the name of F. A. Crabb, of
Litchfield, 111.

Mr. Hayes — In regard to Mr. Stickney, he wishes to
purchase a full set of the herd books, and I would sug-

gest that Mr. Winslow enter into correspondence with
him.

Mr. Handy — I present the name of C. H. Provost, of
Newmarket, N. H.

Mr. Brown — I present the name of Crawford J. Man-
ton, of Lincoln, R. I.

The President — The Secretary will read the list.

The President — It is moved and seconded that the
list as read be made members of this Association.
Unanimously carried.

Dr. Turnbull — ^ Mr. President, I move that the Sec-
retary send a letter of thanks to Miss French, and that
the President and Secretary be authorized to draft reso-
lutions, formal resolutions, from the Association thanking
her for the gift, besides writing this special letter.

The President — It is moved and seconded that the
Secretary draw a resolution which shall be a resolution
of this meeting thanking Miss French for her gift.

Unanimously carried.

Dr. Turnbull — I move that the whole matter of the
arrangement for the French Dairy Prize Contest be left
with the Home Dairy Test Committee.

Motion seconded and unanimously carried.

Prof. Hayward — In this connection I think we made
a great mistake to-day ; by the recent election we are to
deprive ourselves of the services of Dr. Turnbull on the
Home Dairy Test. As you all know, Dr. Turnbull was
one of the prime movers in this work, and possibly has
done as much, if not more, than any one man to carry it
on and give it its present standing. I think, inasmuch

as we have this French prize to award in the coming year,
a new rule should be formulated for the giving of this
prize, and it is a very serious mistake to deprive our-
selves of Dr. Turnbull's work in that connection, so I
wish to withdraw myself from the Committee on which
you so kindly placed me, in favor of Dr. Turnbull.

Mr. Pike — I suggest we add Dr. Turnbull to the
Committee. We certainly don't want to lose Prof. Hay-
ward. I move Dr. Turnbull be added to the Committee.

The Secretary — I second the motion. I would like
to have Mr. Hayward and I very much dislike to lose
Dr. Turnbull; he has always taken an interest in this
matter; his ideas are excellent and he works.

The President — I believe the only motion then before
the meeting is on adding Dr. Turnbull's name to this
Committee. Those in favor of that motion say aye, con-
trary no.

Unanimously carried.

The Secretary — The matter of advertising should
come up at this time. We voted last year to place an ad.
in the Country Gentleman ; it is proper at this time to
decide whether to continue to advertise in the Country
Gentleman, or what we will do in regard to advertising.

The President — Any suggestions or motions ?

Mr. Hayes — I move the ad. be continued.

Dr. Butterfield — I suggest and move that the adver-
tising be extended to Hoard's Dairyman. .

Motion seconded.

Mr. Hayes — ]\Iay I ask if the Secretary will give a
statement in regard to returns?

The Secretary — It is a very difficult matter to put
your finger on returns from advertisements. Returns are
to all the members all over the country and not especially
to the Secretary. But last year as in my report I gave
you, I put an advertisement of the year book for four
weeks in papers all the way from the Atlantic to the
Pacific and from Florida to Canada, at an expense of
somewhere about $50, if I remember correctly, and I
received an innumerable number of letters inquiring for
the year books which I sent out, which I think was an
excellent ad., but that wasn't an advertisement so that a
man in picking up a paper like the Country Gentleman
or Hoard's Dairyman and looking at it would have any
judgment of the Ayrshire, but it is a very difficult matter
to decide just how valuable that is. I would like to hear
from Mr. Chapman, who is expert on information on
advertising.

Mr. Chapman — Gentlemen, being a representative of
the Country Gentleman and advertising manager, I would
like very much to see you renew your contract with us.
I feel confident in saying that the class of circulation that
we have are men composed of wealth and standing; it
may not be as large as some other papers published, but
they are certainly the class of people that breeders want
to come in touch with, and where they may be anticipating
the establishment of a country home and small herd they
are just the kind of people that the high class stock which
you represent appeals to. We have made you a special
price on your advertising and we are advertising your
comments and publish any item of the breed which you
may send. I believe Hoard's Dairyman and our paper
are the only two that publish them, and we would be very
glad to take up any matter that you may send us or
anything in that respect.

Dr. Pember — I supposed that the Country Gentleman
was the only paper that we have advertised in for the
past year, I mean so far as the regular advertising.

Mr. Winslow — The regular advertising, yes.

Dr. Pember — I picked up a paper the other day, I am
not sure whether it was the New England Homestead or
Boston Cultivator, in which was an advertisement of
our Association, giving George H. Yeaton as President
and the officers of several years ago, a sort of a back
number. I judge it was a recent number of their paper
but a back number of their advertising. I don't know
whether it was simply a copy of it or what they were
doing it for, but that was the fact nevertheless. I second
heartily the thought of adding an advertisement in
Hoard's Dairyman. I had personal correspondence
with Mr. Frank Hoard, as business manager of that
paper, and he writes me that he would be very glad to
give the Ayrshire a more prominent place and notice in,,
his paper. He said he had been troubled in the past to
get any items or pictures or anything that would help
him in this line. He recognizes the Ayrshires are coming
along and he would be glad to help us in that line. I am
sure if we place an ad. there they would be perfectly
willing to publish regularly our transfers the same as the
Country Gentleman. I suggest, however, that although
it will be more work for the Secretary, yet it will be
worth more individually to us, as breeders, if the address
of the person selling and the address of the person pur-
chasing were added to the item ; it only makes two words
more, which can be done. It is so with other breeds and
ought to be with ours.

Mr. Winslow — I don't think it is so with other
breeds. We get in all we can, but when they cut it off

we have to drop it. We did put in the transactions with
the name of the seller and the buyer and they finally
dropped them oflf, and we had to take just what they
would give. In the matter of transfers in Hoard's Dairy-
man, I sent the transfers there and tried to get them to
print them and they declined to print them.

Dr. Pember — We had no advertisement there.

Mr. Winslow — Then another year I sent them all the
information and pictures they were willing to take. It
comes very different when coming from a private gentle-
man, coming from across the country.

Dr. Butterfield — I will amend my motion and move
you that we expend not to exceed $ioo in advertising
and divide it between the Country Gentleman and Hoard's
Dairyman.

Mr. Winslow — I would Uke to amend that by saying
$200, because we pay the Country Gentleman $100.

Dr. Butterfield — I make it $200.

Motion seconded and carried.

Mr. Chapman — I wish to thank you for the renewal
of that contract in behalf of the Country Gentleman, and
also say that immediately upon my return to the office
I will offer your suggestion to Mr. Tucker, our editor-in-
chief, that the name of the seller and buyer be printed
and see to it that it is lived up to.

Dr. Pember — The address of the seller and buyer ?

Mr. Chapman — Yes, sir.

Mr. Pike — Mr. President, one other little matter
comes to me. Every breeder is in receipt of a letter fre-
quently asking for information regarding the Ayrshire
cow, or Ayrshire breed of cattle, and we are very fre-

Wedgewood, Jk. 89fi7.

Primrosk Queen. 12163.

Smiler. 8689.

Rose Ascott. 15035.

quently in receipt of a letter, " Please tell me all you know
about the Ayrshire." Most of us can tell what they
don't know a great deal easier than what they do know,
and most of us have very little time to answer fully such
a letter of inquiry ; we either send a Year Book ourselves,
or ask the Secretary to send a Year Book. The Year Book
contains a lot of information that is of value to the breed-
ers and of very little value to the average farmer and
dairyman who seeks the purchase of an Ayrshire bull to
head his herd or to have a few calves. I have a sugges-
tion not originally my own, but coming from other breed-
ers, and that is that a committee have in charge the print-
ing of some sort of a booklet containing the history of the
Ayrshire breed of cattle and perhaps the performance of
some individuals or other information bearing upon
the breed that is of interest, some little booklet
that will satisfy the inquiry and the judgment
of men not now members of the Association, and not
now directly interested, and that this booklet be available
to the members of the Association for general distribution
among the farmers and dairymen throughout the country.
If the Association feel that it could not afford the price
that would be necessary to print this little booklet, it
might be in order to suggest that breeders, members of
the Association, particularly, be allowed perhaps a little
space in which to advertise their wares, with a view of
using the money so received in paying for the booklet.

The President — Do you make that as a motion or a
suggestion?

Mr. Pike — -I make that as a motion.

Mr. Converse — I am very glad indeed that this mat-
ter has been brought before the Association and I think
3

it has been thought of some time and talked of quite a
little that such a thing might be done, and private breeders
have talked about getting a booklet of this kind with
reference to their own herds especially, as a matter of
economy to save time in answering these various ques-
tions, and I had hoped when my friend arose that he would
make a motion that a committee be appointed to draft
such a little booklet and that it should not contain any
advertisements or any pictures, but simply refer to the
breed, and done in the best possible manner that this
Association can do it, and that that little booklet be at
the disposal of the Association ; if a breeder wants a hun-
dred or five hundred give them to him, and it saves a
whole lot of work in his mail, in his correspondence, and
I would like very much to see that done. I would like
to see it done in such a way that no herd is made promi-
nent, that no ad. is put in it and mentioned this herd or
that or the other by what they have done in the show
ring or at the pail or anything else, but simply a general,
concise, consolidated, c<3rrect history of the breed and of
what has been accomplished. I would amend Mr. Pike's
motion by leaving out advertisements, pictures, and any-
thing tending to individualize information, and second
the motion that a committee be appointed to draft such
a little booklet in the immediate future, and that the
Secretary be empowered, if it comes to him and this
should pass, to get that in print ; he is in the printing
business and probably could get it done cheaper than any
of the rest of us. I would like to see that done.

Mr. Oakey — I would like to ask what objection Mr.
Converse has to the Year Book.

Mr. Converse — Not any.

Mr. Oakey — The Ayrshire is a dairy cow and what-
ever reUable information we can give the public in rela-
tion to her dairy ability seems wise to have printed and
sent abroad. The Year Book simply gives the name and
number of the cow, with her official record, in which
form it draws attention to the breed without directly
attracting attention to the owner, but, of course, if a per-
son is anxious to know whose cow or cows have given the
printed records he can find out by turning to the herd book
and looking it up, but the casual reader does not know,
and usually does not care, for it is the general information
in relation to the breed he wants to know. I believe the
man who tests a good cow and obtains a creditable record
has done something that benefits every man who owns
an Ayrshire cow, and I for one think it would be right
to have his name appear in connection with the record
he has been to so much trouble to obtain in the general
interests of the breed.

Mr. Converse — You will allow me to say In regard to
the year book, valuable as it is, and splendid as it is for
what it contains, when you send it out ninety-nine out of
a hundred won't read it through ; they will look it over a
little casually and it would be laid aside, but a little book-
let that could be read in five minutes they will read
through and get the original history, etc., of the breed
and save a lot of time and correspondence.

Mr. Oakey — The class that take the Year Book and
look at it and lay it down are men that won't buy.

Dr. Turnbull — I think we can compromise ; lets have
the Year Book that we can't do without and lets work
this Committee like blazes and let them get out a little
booklet which we can all buy, 50 or 100 or 500 as we want
them. Lets allow this Committee go further and get

material, statistics and everything they can and put it in
every paper in the United States, and work them. Let
them cover the whole ground and let it be a boosting
Committee, and an advertising Committee, and then we
can cover all the ground ; they can get out pamphlets and
the Year Book will come from the Association and we
can have one for our officers and Chairman, and this work
can be done and cover the entire ground.

The President — The motion before the members is
Mr. Pike's motion, seconded by Mr. Converse. Those in
favor of this motion that a committee of three be appointed
to prepare this booklet and not have anything but the state
of the Ayrshires up to date, what it is, where it originated
and all the history of it in as brief a form as possible,
presenting its attractive features, if you please, and that
sort of thing, and as I understand, nobody being adver-
tised in it by any of the literature that has appeared.

Mr. Pike — The suggestion of Mr. Converse is all
right as far as the advertising is concerned, that is a very
good suggestion ; we all are willing to accept that. I do
not believe, however, that we are willing to accept the
idea that we must make a booklet and leave out cuts of
good cows, good bulls and good cattle in general ; nothing
so enlivens a good book, any particular book, as pictures,
and nothing so enlivens a book to a farmer, if he needs
a good bull. We have got pictures of good dairy animals
and I believe in putting all good pictures in; no better
advertisement than that one thing. I will amend my
motion to include the printing of pictures of such dairy
animals as the Committee would select.

Mr. Oakey — Keep on making amendments and you
will get right around to the Year Book.

Mr. Pike — I don't want any one to understand I am
saying anything that opposes the pubhcation of the Year
Book ; that is something we must have ; this doesn't in
any way interfere with the pubhcation of the Year Book ;
that is to be the same as before, but this booklet or
pamphlet, or whatever you may call it, supplements the
Year Book, and is to be used broadcast with the common
purpose in what has already been done and being done.

Mr. Hayes — In seconding this motion, I would sug-
gest that this Committee be appointed with power to get
out this booklet weekly, quarterly or any manner.

The President — Now the motion is before the house,
those in favor of that motion say aye, contrary no.

Two contrary.

The President — It is a vote. The Chair will ap-
point Mr. Winslow, W. T. Wells and W. P. Schanck.

Dr. Turnbull — One thing I would like to suggest,
and I think I will put it in form of a motion. I move
that at our next meeting we take up for discussion the
question of The Type and Mission of a Dairy Cow and
talk it out, and have it out, if necessary four hours, if
necessary four days, and I make a motion that at our
next annual meeting the theme of the meeting shall be
The Type and Mission of the Dairy Cow, and that the
leading discussion at that meeting be on that subject.

Mr. Oakey — In seconding the motion I would like to
say that I hope all the interested breeders will think this
matter over for the coming year and give us their opinion
so that we can form some type to aim to. I have been a
very close student of the judging, as far as I have had the
opportunity to see for the last three or four years, and
it is hard for a breeder to tell just what type pleases the
most judges, and I think the most important thing for

us to do is to get the type fixed, stick to it, and aim to
be as near as possible to something. I think it is the most
important thing that can be done, and I feel if we do it
that the $i,ooo Ayrshire cow is in the near future.

The President — All those in favor of the motion of
Dr. Turnbull say aye.

Unanimously carried.

Mr. Wells — What is the matter with a few sugges-
tions; we have three-quarters of an hour before the
banquet ?

The President — I would like to hear Mr. Chapman,
of the Country Gentleman, who has been in the office a
long time. I would like to hear what they have to sug-
gest. I think that at this meeting the closer we get
together, and everybody speak up just what they think,
that we will get ahead of the other association if we fol-
low that line ; we have got to help each other and if your
ideas are good, they ought to be expressed. We have
all come a long way, and we want to get an education
while we are here. I would like to hear from Mr. Oakey.
He can tell us what he has been doing for the last couple
of years. I have heard a good deal about what he is
doing; I know he is getting pretty big prices for things,
and I want to know how he does it; if he has got any
secrets let's have them ; I would like to hear him talk a lit-
tle. If he has something new, why we all ought to
know it.

Mr. Oakey — Mr. President and Gentlemen of the
Ayrshire Breeders' Association. — I do not know that I
can say anything that will be of interest to you. As
many of you know, I have charge of Mr. McB'adden's
herd of Scotch Ayrshires, which, in my opinion, are ex-
cellent cows. There are two types of Ayrshires in Scot-

land — the show cow, so called, worth only its price in
beef to us, and the good teated dairy cow, which is very
desirable from a dairy standpoint. We have had both
types in our herd, but have gradually weeded out what
I call the " beef type." The American or New England
Ayrshires have three very good points also, namely, soft
skin, good teats and their milk tests well. Personally I
am much interested in the apparent bright future of the
Ayrshire cow. I wish we could get nearer together on the
question of type. The demand for these cows has increased
each year; and I fully believe if we stand together in
the Advance Register and Home Dairy Tests so that the
public can officially see what the Ayrshire cow is capable
of doing, the question of price will adjust itself and the
future thousand-dollar cow will be of the Ayrshire breed.

The President — Mr. Brown, can't you tell us about
Ayrshires down in Rhode Island?

Mr. Brown — If I have anything to say it is only
from my own experience. I started in in the first place
to improve my milch cows. I crossed with the Holsteins.
Then I crossed them with an Ayrshire bull and got some
of the finest calves I ever owned. And from that I
started in with the Scotch bred Ayrshire; I found
thoroughbred Ayrshires, a calf for instance, would fetch
more money than a grade cow perhaps twice or three
times over. Well, to begin with, there is one little circum-
stance that was always a little strong to me. I had seven
Ayrshires in my herd that were thoroughbreds, and al-
most every animal that I had except the Ayrshires aborted,
and there wasn't one of the seven Ayrshires that did
abort, and they run with the others all the time and were
perfectly healthy. Well, the Ayrshires, with me, gave
a very good average quality of milk; they give the best

milk to carry to a distance of any. Ayrshire milk, in the
old-fashioned way of setting in a tin pan, has to set con-
siderably longer than many other breeds ; the butter glob-
ules are small and it takes it a longer while to rise ; it
is almost impossible to get the full butter out of the Ayr-
shire milk in the ordinary way of skimming from the
old-fashioned tin pan.

They are always hardy; I have never had what you
might call a delicate Ayrshire. As a general thing they
are ready to eat whatever you give them, and when they
first come in they will produce large quantities of milk,
but what I call a good Ayrshire cow will lose flesh; an
Ayrshire cow that is fat when she comes in and keeps fat
I don't think much of; but I like one that gives a good
quality of milk for perhaps five or six months and then
begins to shrink off in milk and begins to take on flesh,
and when they become dry there is no animal that I ever
feed that will take on flesh so quick as an Ayrshire, and
also no animal that would eat the sort of food she will;
for instance, you turn her out in a rocky pasture where a
Jersey or a Guernsey will be skin poor and you will find
the Ayrshire cow gnawing the brush and rooting among
the briars, and she will come up full every night and give
you a good flow of milk.

The best Ayrshire cow I have ever known I bought of
Mr. Converse, and I guess he will certify to that, and
you might know that she was a good one when I bought
her, for I paid $400 for her up here in Jefferson county.
That cow continued to have a bull calf each year right
along, but she actually gave over thirty quarts of strained
milk a day.

The President — The motion is made to adjourn to
the banquet hall at six o'clock sharp.
Unanimously carried.

EXPERT JUDGES.

It is the opinion of the Ayrshire Breeders' Association
that the men selected by the agricultural fair associations
throughout the country to judge Ayrshire cattle in the
ring should be men acquainted with Ayrshire cattle, and
men familiar with the scale of points and characteristics
of the breed.

The Executive Committee have selected the following
names of men in different parts of the country, whom we
believe to be experts in judging Ayrshire cattle, and
would recommend to fair associations as judges :

Larned, J. H Putnam, Conn.

Wells, Dudley Wethersfield, Conn.

Wells, S. M Newington, Conn.

Stewart, John Elburn, 111.

Scoville, Prof. M. A Lexington, Ky.

Hunt, A. W Brunswick, Me.

Fletcher, George A Milton, Mass.

Hayward, Prof. H Mount Hermon, Mass.

Fletcher, Etna J South Lyndeboro, N. H.

Garvin, W. R Dover, N. H.

Hayes, Charles H Portsmouth, N. H.

Yeaton, George H Dover, N. H.

Handy, R. M Dover, N. H.

Cater, H. F North Barrington, N. H.

Lindsay, William Plainfield, N. J.

Converse, Frank Woodville, N. Y.

Converse, George H Woodville, N. Y.

Howatt, Gerald White Plains, N.Y.

Sears, B. C Blooming Grove, N. Y.

Tubbs, Ambie S Mexico, N. Y.

Schanck, W. P Avon, N. Y.

Hatch. C. E Gainesville, N. Y.

Beatty, J. P Pataskala, O.

Plumb, Prof. C. S Columbus, O.

Shimer, B. Luther Bethlehem, Pa.

Brown, Obadiah Providence, R. I.

Joslin, H. S Mohegan, R. I.

Sherman, E. B Harrisville, R. I.

Drew, L. S South Burlington, Vt.

Spalding, F. W Poultney, Vt.

Watson, H. R. C Brandon, Vt.

SCALE OF POINTS OF AYRSHIRE BULL.

(Adopted December 2, 1903.)

The points desirable in the female are generally so in
the male, but must, of course, be attended with that
masculine character which is inseparable from a strong
and vigorous constitution. Even a certain degree of
coarseness is admissible; but then it must be so exclu-
sively of masculine description as never to be discovered
in a female of his get.

1. The head of the bull may be shorter than that

of the cow, but the frontal bone should be
broad, the muzzle good size, throat nearly
free from hanging folds, eyes full. The
horns should have an upward turn, with suf-
ficient size at the base to indicate strength of
constitution lO

2. Neck of medium length, somewhat arched, and

large in the muscles which indicate power and
strength lo

3. Forequarters — shoulders close to the body

without any hollow space behind, chest
broad, brisket deep and well developed, but
not too large 7

4- Back short and straight, spine sufficiently de-
fined, but not in the same degree as in the
cow; ribs well sprung, and body deep in the
flanks lO

5. Hindquarters long, broad and straight; hip

bones wide apart; pelvis long, broad and
straight; tail set on a level with the back,
thighs deep and broad 10

6. Scrotum large, with well-developed teats in

front ' . . . . 7

7. Legs short in proportion to size, joints firm,

hind legs well apart, and not to cross in
walking 5

8. Skin yellow, soft, elastic and of medium thick-

ness 10

9. Color red, of any shade, brown or white, or a

mixture of these, each color being distinctly
defined 3

10. Average live weight at maturity about 1,500

pounds 10

11. General appearance, including style and move-

ment 15

12. Escutcheon large and fine development 3

Perfection 100

SCALE OF POINTS OF AYRSHIRE COV\/^.

(Adopted December 2, 1903.)

The following scale of points for the Ayrshire cow
was adopted, being similar to the scale adopted in Scot-
land in 1884, and changed in a few points to render them
applicable to this country :

1. Head medium in length, forehead wide, nose

fine between the muzzle and eyes, muzzle
wide, eyes full and lively, causing a hollow in
face; wide between horns, inclining upward. . lo

2. Neck moderately long, free from loose skin on

under side, fine at its junction with the head,
and enlarging symmetrically towards the
shoulders . . 5

3. Forequarters — shoulders sloping, withers fine,

chest sufficiently broad and deep to insure
constitution, brisket and whole forequarters
light, the cow gradually increasing in depth
and width backwards 5

4. Back short and strong, spine well defined, espe-

cially at the shoulders ; ribs well sprung,
giving large barrel capacity; the body deep at
the flanks 10

5. Hindquarters long, broad and straight, except

a pelvic arch; hookbones wide apart, and not
overlaid with fat; tail long, slender and set
on a level with the back 7

6. Udder capacious and not fleshy, hind part

broad and firmly attached to the body, the
sole nearly level and extending well forward ;
milk veins about udder and abdomen well de-
veloped, the teats from two and one-half to
three inches in length, equal in thickness —
the thickness being in proportion to the length
■ — hanging perpendicularly. Their distance
apart at the sides should be equal to one-third
of the length of the vessel, and across to one-
half the breadth with no divisions between
quarters of the udder . 30

7- Legs short in proportion to size, hind legs
straight when viewed from behind ; thighs
thin, giving plenty of room for udder 4

8. Skin yellow, soft and elastic, and covered with

soft, close, woolly hair 5

9. Color red of any shade, brown or white, or a

mixture of these, each color being distinctly
defined 3

10. Average live weight in full milk about 1,000

pounds 8

11. General appearance, including style and move-

ment 10

12. Escutcheon large and fine development 3

Perfection 100

CHARTER.

An Act to Incorporate the Ayrshire Breeders'
Association.

It is hereby enacted by the General Assembly of the State
of Vermont:

Sec. I. J. D. W. French, James F. Converse, Alonzo
Libby, F. H. Mason, Obadiah Brown, Henry E. Smith,
C. M. Winslow, S. M. Wells, H. R. C. Watson, James
Scott, George A. Fletcher, Charles H. Hayes, John
Stewart, their associates and successors, are constituted a
body corporate by the name of the "Ayrshire Breeders
Association," and by that name may sue and be sued;
may acquire by gift or purchase, hold and convey real and
personal estate necessary for the purposes of this cor-

poration, not to exceed twenty-five thousand dollars ;
may have a common seal and alter the same at pleasure.

Sec. 2. The object of this corporation shall be to
publish a Herd Book, and for such other purposes as may
be conducive to the interests of breeders of Ayrshire
cattle.

Sec. 3. This corporation may elect officers and make
such by-laws, rules and regulations for the management
of its business as may be necessary, not inconsistent with
the laws of this State.

Sec. 4. This corporation may hold its meetings at
such time and place as the corporation may appoint.

Sec. 5. This act shall take effect from its passage.
JOSIAH GROUT,
Speaker of the House of Representatives.

LEVI K. FULLER,

President of the Senate.

Approved November 23, 1886.

EBENEZER J. ORMSBEE,

Governor.
(A true copy.)

Attest: E. W. J. Hawkins, Engrossing Clerk.

RULES FOR ADVANCED REGISTRY.

PREAMBLE.

For the purpose of encouraging a better system of
keeping milk and butter records, and that we may obtain
more reliable records of the dairy yield of Ayrshire
cows, we hereby adopt the following rules and regula-
tions for the establishment of a system of Advanced
Registry for Ayrshire cattle.

RULE I.
The Secretary of the Association shall have charge of
this registry under the general supervision and direction
of the Executive Committee, shall prepare and publish
blank forms and circulars needed in carrying this system
into effect, receive and attend to all applications for this
registry, and have general oversight and direction of all
official tests of milk and butter production for it, and per-
form such other duties as may be required to secure the
efficiency and success of this system. He shall make a
full report of his work in this branch at the annual meet-
ing each year, and publish the entries when so ordered by
the Executive Committee.

RULE IL

Classification of Tests.

Cows may be entered for record from a seven-day test

of milk and butter, also from a year's test for milk and

butter, and the seven-day test may be included in the

year's test.

RULE in.

Classification of Animals.

Cows from two to three years old shall be in a class
known as the two-year-old form.

CoAvs from three to four years old shall be in a class
known as the three-year-old form.

Cows from four to five years old shall be in a class
known as the four-year-old form.

Cows above five years old shall be in a class known as
the full-age form.

RULE IV.

Eligibility of Bulls.
No bull shall be eligible to Advanced Registry unless
he shall have been previously recorded in the Ayrshire
Record.

a. A bull to be eligible to Advanced Registry shall be
a typical Ayrshire bull in general appearance, shall scale
80 points, and have two daughters in the Registry.

b. A bull may be admitted to Advanced Registry
without physical qualifications, and without scaling, pro-
vided he has four daughters in the Advanced Registry.

RULE V. .
Eligibility of Cows.
No cow shall be admitted to Advanced Registry unless
she shall have been previously recorded in the Ayrshire
Record.

Two- Year-Old Form.

a. Seven-day record. If her record begins the day
she is two years old, or before that time, she shall, to
entitle her to record, give not less than 200 pounds of
milk and eight pounds of butter in seven consecutive days,
and for each day she is over two years old at time of
beginning of test, there shall be added .137 pounds to the
200 pounds of milk, and .0055 pounds to the eight pounds
of butter.

b. Year's record. If her record begins the day she is
two years old, or before that time, she shall, to entitle her
to record, give not less than 5,500 pounds of milk in 365
consecutive days from the beginning of the test and 225
pounds of butter, and for each day she is over two years
old at time of beginning the test, there shall be added 2.74
pounds of milk to the 5,500 pounds and .137 pounds of
butter to the 225 pounds.

Three- Year-Old Form.

a. Seven-day record. Two hundred and fifty pounds
of milk and ten pounds of butter with the same addition

made to these amounts for each day she is over three
years old when the test begins that is made to the two-
year-old form, which addition shall be made for each form
to maturity.

b. Year's record. Six thousand five hundred pounds
of milk and 275 pounds of butter for 365 consecutive
days from the beginning of the test with the same addi-
tions for milk and butter as are required in the two-year-
old form for each day she is over three years old at time
of beginning test, which addition shall be made in each
succeeding form to maturity.

Four- Year-Old Form.

a. Seven-day record. Three hundred pounds of milk
and twelve pounds of butter.

b. Year's record. Seven thousand five hundred
pounds of milk and 325 pounds of butter.

Mature Form.

a. Seven-day record. Three hundred and fifty pounds
of milk and fourteen pounds of butter.

b. Year's record. Eight thousand five hundred
pounds of milk and 375 pounds of butter.

RULE VI.
Period for Making Tests.

All tests for a year shall be commenced as soon after
calving as practicable, and shall not extend beyond 365
days from the commencement of the test, and in no case
shall the test include the milk or butter from a second
calving.

The seven-day test may be made at any time, and
should be made when the cow is at her best stage of the
milking period.

If a cow is being tested for a year, the result may also
include a seven days' test made within that time.

RULE VII.
Application for Tests.

Application for intended tests should be made to the
Secretary as long before the desired time for beginning
such test as possible in order to allow sufficient time to
arrange with the Experiment Station of the State where
the owner is located for their supervision of the test.

In making application for a test the owner should give
sufficient evidence of the capability of the cow to qualify
to warrant making the test.

RULE VTII.
Method of Conducting.

All tests shall be under the supervision of the Secretary
and the Experiment Station of the State where the test
is being made, or such persons as may be appointed by
concurrence of Secretary and Station. ,

For the seven-day test the agent shall see the cow
milked clean twelve hours before the test begins, and
shall be present at each subsequent milking, shall weigh
each milking, and take a sample for a Babcock test, and
shall take entire charge of such sample until tested, and
shall report the result of such test to the Secretary on
blanks furnished for that purpose.

For the year's test the owner shall weigh each milking
and keep a careful record of the same on blank forms
furnished by the Secretary, and about the middle of each

month he shall take a two consecutive days' sample,
according to directions, and send to his Experiment Sta-
tion; and, in addition to this, the Experiment Station will
send an agent to the stable at such times as the Director
of the Station and the Secretary of the Association
mutually desire, and not less than three times during the
year, and said agent shall take a copy of the owner's milk
record of the cow or cows being tested for the two days
immediately preceding his visit, and shall weigh the milk
for the two days of his visit, and take samples of each
milking for a Babcock test, which tests, taken in connec-
tion with the tests from the monthly samples made by
the owner, shall be the basis of computing the year's
record of the cow.

RULE IX.

Expense of Making Test.

All the expense of the seven-day test shall be borne by
the owner of the cow being tested.

In the year's test the expense of sending the samples
taken monthly by owner of cow shall be borne by the
owner of the cow, but the expense of Station work in test-
ing samples and in sending an agent to verify tests shall
be borne by the Association.

RULE X.
No Fee Required For Entries.
In view of the public benefits accruing from investiga-
tions under this system of registry, and of the personal
benefits to owners and breeders of Ayrshire cattle from
demonstrations of their superiority by properly authen-
ticated milk and butter records made, gathered and pre-
served through this system, no fees will be charged for
any form of entry in its Register.

RULE XL

Amendment.

These rules may be altered, amended or added to by a
two-thirds vote of the members present at any regular
meeting of this Association, notice of proposed amend-
ment having been given in the call for said meeting.

CONSTITUTION,

Preamble.

We, the undersigned breeders of Ayrshire cattle, recog-
nizing the importance of a trustworthy Herd Book that
shall be accepted -as a final authority in all questions of
pedigree, and desiring to secure the co-operation of all
who feel an interest in preserving the purity of this stock,
do hereby agree to form an Association for the publica-
tion of a Herd Book, and for such other purposes as may
be conducive to the interest of breeders, and adopt the
following Constitution :

Article' L

This Association shall be called the Ayrshire Breeders
Association.

Article H.

The members of the Association shall comprise only
the original signers of this Constitution, and such other
persons as may be admitted, as hereinafter provided.

Article HL

Sec. I. The officers of the Association shall consist
of a President, four Vice-Presidents, a Treasurer, a Sec-
retary and an Auditor, who together with six members

of the Association, all chosen by ballot, shall constitute
an Executive Committee.

Sec. 2. The President, Secretary and Treasurer shall
be the Finance Committee ex officio.

Sec. 3. The President, Vice-Presidents, Treasurer,
Secretary and Auditor shall be elected annually.

The six members who make up the balance of the
Executive Committee shall be elected as follows : Two
members for one year, two members for two years and
two members for three years, and hereafter two members
shall be elected each year for a term of three years.

Sec. 4. The President shall preside at all meetings
of the members of the Association, and all meetings of
the Executive Committee when he is present, but when
absent a Vice-President shall act in his stead. The Presi-
dent shall sign all Certificates of Membership which may
be issued, and shall be the custodian of all bonds given by
officers of the Association, or renewals thereof.

Sec. 5. The Finance Committee shall have authority
to take the entire control and management of the affairs
of the Association, between the Annual Meetings, with
full power and authority to do what they deem proper
and best for its interests, but nothing contrary to the
expressed wish of the Association.

Sec. 6. The Treasurer shall have charge of all the
funds of the Association and make all investments
thereof, subject to the provisions of the section regulat-
ing the Finance Committee, and shall pay all bills of the
Association, after being indorsed by the Finance Com-
mittee and approved by the Auditor, and shall perform
such other duties as are incident to the office of Treasurer.

He shall give a bond with sureties, to the satisfaction
of the Finance Committee and Auditor.

Sec. 7. The Secretary shall be the corresponding and
recording officer of the Association, shall sign and issue
all certificates of membership and registry and of transfer
registry, and shall keep a record of all such certificates
issued, and do such other duties as are incident to the
office of Secretary.

He shall edit and publish the Herd Book at such times
and in such form as the Executive Committee may direct.

He is authorized to expend such sums as he may find
necessary for the carrying on the ordinary business of
his office, and shall keep an accurate account in detail of
all moneys received and paid out by him in the perform-
ance of his duties, a copy of which he shall transmit quar-
terly, during the week next succeeding the quarter, to
the Auditor, and shall at the same time send to the
Treasurer whatever moneys he may have on hand at the
ending of the quarter.

He shall give a bond with sureties to the satisfaction
of the Finance Committee and Auditor.

Sec. 8. The Finance Committee shall annually ex-
amine the condition of the Association in its financial
and business affairs, and report its condition to the Asso-
ciation at its Annual Meeting, and in conjunction with
the Treasurer shall act in making investments of the
funds of the Association.

Any disagreement between the Finance Committee as
to the investment or care of the funds of the Association
shall be referred to the Executive Committee for final
adjustment.

All bills against the Association shall be approved by
the Finance Committee and sent by them to the Auditor.

Sec. 9. The Auditor shall examine all accounts sent
him from any member of the Finance Committee, and if

found correct, shall approve and forward the same to the
Treasurer for payment, and shall annually, when auditing
the accounts of the year for the Secretary and Treasurer,
previous to the Annual Meeting, make a complete inven-
tory of all property found in the hands of the Secretary
and Treasurer, and forward the same to the Finance
Committee, which shall be incorporated in the report of
the Finance Committee to the Association at their Annual
Meeting.

Sec. id. The Treasurer, Secretary and /Auditor shall
receive such compensation for their services as the Asso-
ciation shall determine.

Article IV.

The Annual Meeting of the Association shall be held
each year at such time and place as shall be designated
by the Executive Committee (of which notice shall be
sent to members at least one month previous) for the dis-
cussion of questions of interest to the members, and for
the election of officers for the ensuing year. Special
meetings of the Association may be called by the Presi-
dent or by the Executive Committee, or at the written
request of ten members. Twenty days' notice must be
given and the object of the meeting announced in the call,
and no business other than that specified in the call shall
be transacted at the special meeting. Time and place
shall be determined in same way as Annual Meeting.

At all meetings of the Association members may vote
in person or by proxy, or they may send their ballot by
mail to the Secretary, whose duty it shall be to vote the
same, and to acknowledge their receipt. At least twenty
members present, represented by proxy or written ballot,
shall be a quorum for transacting business.

Article V.
Only breeders of Ayrshire cattle shall be eligible for
membership, and members shall be elected at any regular
meeting of the Association; also by the unanimous writ-
ten consent of the Executive Committee at any time be-
tween the annual meetings, subject to the following
conditions :

Each applicant for membership shall be recommended
by one or more members of the Association as a trust-
worthy and careful breeder; and no new member shall be
admitted if objected to by any officer of the Association.

The Secretary shall notify the candidate of his rejec-
tion, or, in case of his election, that he will be admitted
as a member on signing the Constitution and paying the
initiation fee.

An applicant who has been rejected shall not be voted
on again until two years from the date of his rejection,
unless by the unanimous consent of the officers of the
Association.

Article VI.

Each member shall pay an initiation fee of twenty-five
dollars. These fees shall constitute an Association fund
to defray the expenses of publishing the Herd Book, and
other charges incidental to the organization of the Asso-
ciation, and to the transaction of its business.

No officer or member shall be authorized to contract
any debt in the name of the Association.

Article VII.
The Herd Book shall be edited by an editor appointed
for that purpose under the control and supervision of the
Executive Committee, and shall be published only with
its official approval.

The charge for entry of the pedigree of each animal
belonging to a member of the Association shall be fixed
by the Executive Committee, but shall not exceed one
dollar, except for an animal two years old.

Animals not belonging to members of the Association
may be entered in the Herd Book upon the payment of
twice the amount charged to members.

The Herd Book charges shall be appropriated to the
examination and verification of pedigrees and the prep-
aration of the Herd Book, which shall be published by
the Association and be its property. The price of the
Herd Book shall be determined by the Executive Com-
mittee. The Editor shall keep on file all documents con-
stituting his authority for pedigrees, and shall hold them
subject to the inspection of any member of the Associa-
tion, and shall deliver them to his successor in office.

Article VHI.

Should it occur at any time that any member of the
Association shall be charged with wilful misrepresenta-
tion in regard to any animal, or with any other act de-
rogatory to the standing of the Association, the Executive
Committee shall examine into the matter; and, if it shall
find there is foundation for such a charge, the offending
member may be expelled by a vote of two-thirds of the
members of the Association present or represented at any

regular meeting.

Article IX.

This Constitution may be altered or amended by a vote
of two-thirds of the members present or represented by
proxy at any annual meeting of the Association.

Notice of proposed alterations or amendments shall be
given in the call for said meeting.

REGULATIONS.

1 . Only such animals shall be admitted to the Herd
Book as are proved to be either imported from Scotland,
or descended from such imported animals.

2. All animals hereafter imported to be eligible to
registry in the Ayrshire Record must previously be re-
corded in the Ayrshire Herd Book of Scotland, and an
application for registry must be accompanied by a cer-
tificate of registry duly signed by the Secretary in
Scotland.

Entries of calves imported in dam must be accom-
panied by the certificate of registry of sire and dam in
the Scotch Herd Book, also certificate of bull service
signed by owner of bull.

3. No animal not already named and entered in some
Herd Book shall be accepted for entry under a name that
has already been offered for entry; also, the affix ist,
2d and 3d shall apply only to calves of the cow bearing
the name used; not to her grandchildren or any other
animal.

4. The breeder of an animal shall be considered the
one owning the dam at the time of her service by the bull.

5. No pedigree will be received for entry from any-
one, except the breeder of the animal offered, unless it is
accompanied by a certificate of the breeder or his legal
representative, indorsing the pedigree. .

Entries of calves, sired by bulls not owned by the
breeder of the calf, shall be accompanied by a certificate
of bull service signed by owner of bull.

6. All animals sold, in order that their progeny may
be registered, must have their successive transfers duly
recorded. Records of transfers will be made only on the
certificate of former owner, or his legal representative.

7- A transfer-book shall be kept by the Editor, in
which all changes of ownership shall be recorded.

8. The Editor shall keep a record of the deaths of all
animals which may be sent to him. (And breeders are
requested to forward the same, stating cause, etc.)

9. The fees for recording are one dollar for each ani-
mal recorded by and in the name of a member of the
Association, being either bred or owned by him, and two
dollars for animals over two years old at the time of
entry, but this is not intended to allow, at members' rates,
the recording of calves born after the dam is sold, when
the owner is not a member.

On imported animals the two-year limit is reckoned
from date of importation, and the same on animals
brought from Canada.

A fee of twenty-five cents will be charged for record-
ing ancestors necessary to complete a pedigree to im-
portation or to cattle already in the Ayrshire Record,'
when the record is for cattle bred and owned by other
parties, and is of no other value to the person having the
recording done, other than to admit his animal to record.

Transfer fee twenty-five cents.

Double the above rates are charged to those not
members.

Duplicate certificates of entry or transfer twenty-five
cents each.

A fee of fifty cents will be charged for a Custom House
certificate on each animal imported from Canada.
_ All the above fees should accompany the .entry or
transfer papers to insure attention.

10. An individual membership shall be continued after
the death of a member in the settlement of his estate
until the same shall be settled, and then the membership
shall cease. The inheritor of a herd of Ayrshires shall

also inherit the membership of the Ayrshire Breeders
Association — subject to approval of said Association. In
case of corporations, the corporation may continue as a
member so long as they are interested in the Association,
and shall be represented by such person as may be desig-
nated by the President and Secretary of the corporation.

The surviving member of a firm may be the member
of the Association.

A firm shall have but one address.

II. These Regulations may be altered, amended or
added to, with the consent of two-thirds of the officers of
the Association and Executive Committee,

GENERAL INFORMATION.

Each volume of the Ayrshire Record, I to XVI,
inclusive, may be obtained of the Treasurer, N. S. Win-
sor, Greenville, R. I., postage paid, $2.25.

Milk record blanks to accommodate herds - of thirty-
three cows may be had of the Secretary, C. M. Winslow,
Brandon, Vt., $1.50 per 100.

Blanks for extending Pedigrees to five generations may
be had of the Secretary at $1.00 per 100, postage paid.

Private Herd Book records, board cover, may be had
of the Secretary at $1.50 each, postage paid, arranged for
tabulated pedigree for seventy-five (75) cows with spaces
for monthly milk and butter record for eight years, ser-
vice and produce record for twelve years.

All blanks necessary for recording and transferring
Ayrshires may be had of the Secretary free of charge.

Membership fee $25.00, which is for life, not transfer-
able and no assessments.

The survivor of a partnership may "become the member.

The inheritor of a herd may also inherit the mem-
bership.

The partnership of a herd can apply to only one herd
and cannot be divided for two herds or in two post-office
addresses.

Members' fees for recording, $i.oo for each animal
under two years old, $2.00 for each animal over two
years old.

The date of the two-year limit in age is reckoned from
the date the application for record is mailed.

The two-year limit on animals imported or brought
from Canada is reckoned from date of Custom House
receipt.

Transfer fee, twenty-five cents.

A fee of twenty-five cents each is charged for record-
ing ancestors necessary to complete a pedigree to importa-
tion, or to cattle already recorded in the Ayrshire Record
when the record for cattle bred and owned by other
parties and is of no other value to the person recording.

Double the above rates to non-members.

The rate charged is governed by the fact of whether
the person sending the application is a member or non-
member, and not by who bred the animal.

Duplicate certificates of entry or transfer, twenty-five
cents each.

A charge of $1.00 each is made for investigating a
Canadian pedigree to learn its eligibility to record, which
will be applied towards the recording if the animal is to
be recorded.

A fee of fifty cents each is charged for a Custom House
certificate for animals imported from Canada.

By mutual agreement of the " Canadian Ayrshire Herd
Book Association " and " Ayrshire Breeders Association "

entries from the Canadian Herd Book of animals that
are sold to parties in the United States and are found to
be eligible to entry in the Ayrshire Record, will be re-
ceived from the Canadians at the following rates for
entry regardless of any age limit: One dollar for the
animal presented for record, and $i.oo each for the an-
cestors to the number of ten, and twenty-five cents for
each ancestor back of ten in number necessary to connect
to animals already registered in the Ayrshire Record or
to importation from Scotland.

Application for entry of Canadian bred animals owned
by non-members of the Ayrshire Breeders Association,
will have to be accompanied with a Canadian certificate
of entry as authority for accepting the pedigree.

No animal will be received for record that does not
trace in each branch of its pedigree step by step by name
and number to a reliable importation.

All the above fees should accompany the applications
to insure attention.

In giving sire and dam be careful to always give the
Herd Book number of sire and dam.

When purchasing an animal be sure to get a transfer
or see that the seller sends one to the Secretary for
record.

When buying a female in calf be sure to get a certifi-
cate of bull service from the owner of the cow, and attach
it to the application for entry of her calf when sending
in for record.

In filling out an application for entry of an animal that
is sold there is no need of a separate transfer, but enter
it in the line for owner with date of sale, and there is no
extra charge for a transfer when so recorded.

In giving the markings on the back of the application
blank be careful to mark with ink and as accurately as

possible, marking r for the red spots and iv for the
white spots.

When buying Ayrshires in Canada our government
admits free of duty if they are registered in our book
before being entered at the Custom House, and it is much
safer not to move them from the owner until they are
recorded, because sometimes it happens that the pedigree
must be looked up at the Canada office, and there is often
considerable delay. Then, too, there are some animals
recorded in the Canadian Books that are not eligible to
record in ours, and if they are recorded in our books
before closing the trade, it saves loss to buyer.

Sometimes buyers go into Canada and are persuaded
to buy and pay the duty to save time, but this is risky,
as afterwards it is sometimes found that such animals
cannot be recorded in our book.

The Canadians sometimes try to convince the buyer
that it is just as well to simply continue the Canada.
Register, and record there instead of in our book, which
is not true, as a record in the Canada book is only valu-
able in Canada. All Ayrshires to be salable this side the
line must be recorded in our book or be eligible to such
record.

It would be wise for anyone having an Ayrshire cow of
extraordinary dairy ability to have her tested for Ad-
vanced Registry.

OFFICERS OF THE ASSOCIATION.

President.
George William Ballou. Middletown, N. Y.

Vice-Presidents.

Obadiah Brown Providence, R. I.

Etna J. Fletcher Greenfield, N. H.

S. M. Wells Newington, Conn.

George H. McFadden Bryn Mawr, Pa.

Secretary and Editor.
Charles M. Winslow Brandon, Vt.

Treasurer.
Nicholas S. Winsor Greenville, R. I.

Auditor.
George H. Yeaton Dover, N. H.

Executive Committee.

Howard Cook Beloit, Ohio.

W. P. Schanck Avon, N. Y.

Charles H. Hayes Portsmouth. N. H.

Everett B. Sherman Harrisville, R. I.

J. F. Converse Woodville, N. Y.

J. Andrew Casterline Dover, N. J.

MEMBERS OF THE ASSOCIATION.

California.
Bement, George Melrose.

Colorado.
Osgood, J. C Redstone.

Flora 4th of Bonshaw. 15578

Mysie of Barcheskie. 14952.

Marion op Burnside. 19498.

Lady Wonder. 14158.

Jane of Bkyn Mawr. 17901.

Annie Bedford. 19566.

Connecticut.

Baton, John A., & Son Wauregan.

Connecticut Insane Asylum Middletown.

Dorrance, Henry Plainfield.

Ennis, Alfred A Danielson.

Gold, T. S West Cornwall.

Greene, B. D Stamford.

Kahn, Geo. A Franklin.

Larned, J. H Putnam.

Palmer, Edward G Plainfield.

Roode, Joseph Jewett City.

Sears, N. E Elmwood.

Tod, Wm. Stewart East Stanwich.

Weed, John W Noroton.

Wells, Dudley Wethersfield.

Wells, S. M., & Son Newington.

Delaware.

Sellers, William Edgemoor.

Illinois.

Blodgett, H. W Waukegan.

Jones, D. & G Galesburgh.

Stewart, John Elburii.

lOWA.

Coldren, J. N Iowa City.

Kansas.

Adams, A. A Berryton.

Delap, S. N lola.

Stowits, H . Abilene.

Maine.

Buckley, J. P Stroudwater,

Dearborne, A. J West Falmouth.

Hunt, A. W Brunswick.

Milliken, Chas. R Portland.

Pember, Elmer F Bangor.

Maryland.

Harrison, Chas. K Pikesville.

Scott, J. McPherson Hagerstown.

Massachusetts.

Bacon, P. K Campello.

Barnes, B. F Haverhill.

Beldon, C. M South Natick.

Blodgett, J. W East Saugus.

Boise, Enos W Blandford.

Bowker, George H Westboro.

Bradford, J. H., Supt Monson.

Burt, Jairus F. Easthampton.

Calumet Woolen Co Uxbridge.

Choate, Charles F Southboro.

Clark, Franklin P Sudbury.

Cooke, F. C Carlisle.

Copeland, Davis & Son Campello.

Crissey, Warren Great Barrington.

Curtis, L. W Globe Village.

Doe, Charles C Lexington.

Fletcher, George A Milton.

Hamilton Woolen Co . Southbridge.

Harrington, H. A Worcester.

Heath, G. P Northboro.

Knowlton, George W West Upton.

Lawrence, James Groton.

Leach, J. Hooper Bridgewater.

Leach, Philo Bridge water.

Merriam, Herbert Weston.

Morrell, Harry E Wayland.

Mt. Hermon Boys' School Mt. Hermon.

Peirce, F. C Concord Junction.

Perley, Charles Bradford.

Pierce, George H Concord.

Piper, Anson C South Acton.

Reed, Hammon Lexington.

Sage, Chas. D North Brookfield.

Smith, Peter D Andover.

Stone, Geo. F. Littleton.

Thorp, John C Holyoke.

Tyler, Arthur F Athol.

Walker, William I Great Barrington.

Young, Gilman P Grafton.

Minnesota.

Hill, James J St. Paul.

Reeve, C. McC Minneapolis.

Scott, John W Austin.

Wilcox, John F Minneapolis.

Mississippi.

Surget, James Natchez:

Montana.

Davidson, E. M., & Son. .■ Manhattan.

New Hampshire.

Abbott, J. N. ; Concord.

Bell, Charles J Hollis.

Breck, Stephen R Claremont.

Cater, H. F., & Son North Barrington.

Childs, Harlow N Piermont.

Clark, George C Orford.

Edes, Samuel Newport.

Fletcher, Etna J South Lyndeboro.

Garvin, W. R Dover.

Hayes, Charles H Portsmouth.

Hayes, Charles S Portsmouth.

Healey, C. N Exeter.'

Holt, Andy Lyndeboro.

Holt, E. A Hudson.

Kimball, Herbert M Concord.

Marshall, Wm. C Laconia.

Rockwood, C. E., & Son Temple.

Russell, Frank E Greenfield.

Sawyer, E. E. Atkinson.

Strafford County Farm Dover.

Willoughby, Ai Woodsville.

Yeaton, George H Dover.

New Jersey.
Beach, Frederick H Dover.

Burke, Joseph F Morristown.

Casterline, J. Andrew Dover.

Crane, John Union.

Farley, F. C Milburn.

Howatt, D. E New Brunswick.

Lindsay, William Plainfield.

Magie, J. D and B. L Elizabeth.

Probasco, W. V Cream Ridge.

Sadler, Edward W Mont Clair.

Whittingham, W. R Milburn.

New York.
Arden Farms Dairy Co., Wm.

Viner, Superintendent Arden.

Ashley, E. L Glens Falls.

Babcock, F. M Gouverneur.

Ballou, Geo. Wm Middletown.

Barney, C. S Milford.

Barnes, N Middle Hope.

Bell, George H Rome.

Brayton, C. N South Wales.

Brush & Rowley Northport.

Burdick, Thomas J., & Sons Alfred.

Burnett, John W Salem.

Button, E. L Melrose.

Buttrick, C. A Liberty Falls.

Campbell, John S . . New York Mills.

Clark, C. W Guymard.

Clark, N. E Potsdam.

Colburn, Jay L Milford,

Conger, Lawton M Collins.

Converse, J. F Woodville,

Cookingham, H. W Cherry Creek.

Doane, Franklin Middletown.

Dorn, Elmer J Johnstown.

Dunham, Lawrence 7 E. 42d, New York.

Emery, C. G Clayton.

Griffin, J. H Moira.

Hall, Lott Gouverneur.

Ham, Eugene Verbank.

Harrington, A. D Oxford.

Hatch, C. E Gainesville.

Hawkes, E. B Wells' Bridge.

Horton, H. A Johnson.

Hubbard, George D Camden.

Hufifstater, L Sandy Creek.

Hyde, J. B 120 B'way, N. Y.

Jackson, B. O., & Son Boonville.

Jay, William Katonah.

Jenkins, J. W Vernon.

Karr, S. S., & Sons Almond.

Kenyon, Louis H Utopia,

Leach, J. S., & Son Gouverneur.

Lewis, C. W., & Sons Alfred Station.

Litchard, A. L., & Son Rushford.

McCrea, Robert Champlain.

Mercereau, W. W. & H. B Vestal.

Miller, James Penn Yan.

Nichols, James H Carmel.

Norton, W. H Belmont.

Oneida Community, Limited Kenway.

Ormiston Bros Cuba.

Paget, A. H Lakeville.

Pike, George E Gouverneur.

Ramsdell, H. S Newburgh.

Rhodes, T. F. . . > Camillus.

Rodger, G. L Gouverneur.

Ryder, Arthur B Barnerville.

Schanck, W. P Avon.

Schouten, E. A Cortland.

Sears, B. C Blooming Grove.

Seaver, Henry E Canton,

Siver, D. E Cooperstown.

Skinner, Harry W Utica.

Smith, Oliver, & Son Chateaugay,

Stetson, Francis Lynde Sterlington.

Stowell, L. D Black Creek.

Stowell, W. C Black Creek,

Strickland, J. P. , , , Cattaraugus.

Taber, George East Aurora.

Taylor, John L Owego.

Topping, R. R , Amsterdam.

Tubbs, Ambie S Mexico.

Tucker, W. G Elm Valley.

Tnrnbull, Thomas, Jr 20 Arnold Park,

Rochester.

Tuttle, M. A Hornellsville.

Underhill, C. S Glenham.

Verplank, Samuel Fishkill-on-Hudson.

Ward, M. B Treadwell.

Welch, M. G., & Son Burke.

Whitney, C. P Orleans.

Will, John Ft. Covington.

Winter, N. H Cortland.

Wood, J. Walter, Jr Clayton.

Zabriskie, Andrew C Barrytown.

Ohio.

Beatty, J. P Pataskala.

Betts, Henry Pittsfield.

Cook, Howard Beloit.

Crane, J. H., & Sons Toledo.

McConnell, A. B., & Son Wellington.

Spencer, A. B Goldwood.

Wilson, A. J Grafton.

Oregon.
Honeyman, J. D Portland.

Pennsylvania.

Ayer, H. S Columbus.

Blakeslee, O. P Spartansburg.

Boyer, R. A Catasauqua.

Butterfield, Jerome F South Montrose.

Byrne, Christopher • Friendsville.

Byrne, Patrick St. Josephs.

Carrons, Robert M Washington.

Cass, Geo. L Sunbury.

Cloud, James, & Son Kennett Square.

Cornell, A. M Altus.

Cornell, H. S Columbia Cross Rds.

Farrell, W. E Corry.

Hillview Stock Farm, Limited..,. Paoli.

Hopkins, Willis W Aldenville.

Logan, A. Sidney Philadelphia.

McCray, C. F., & Son Corry.

McFadden, George H Bryn Mawr.

Munce, R. J Washington.

Peck, C. L Coudersport.

Roberts, Jr., Percival Narberth.

Shimer, A. S Redington.

Shimer, B. Luther Bethlehem.

Stewart, C. E Hartstown.

Templeton, Robert, & Son Ulster.

Valentine, John R Bryn Mawr.

Rhode Island.

Angell, Edwin G Providence.

Bowen, Edward S Pawtucket.

Brown, Obadiah Providence.

Davis, L. D Newport.

Hawes, Addison S Providence.

Joslin, H. S Mohegan.

Sherman, Everett B Harrisville.

Sherman, Leander Harrisville.

Smith, Daniel A Tarkiln.

Tefft, S. Frank Hamilton.

Vaughn, William P Providence.

Winsor, Nicholas S Greenville.

South Carolina.

Crayton, B. F., & Son Anderson.

Hinson, W. G Charleston.

Texas.

Pope, Rev. G. Stanley Grand View.

Turner, J. C. Longview.

Virginia.

Turnbull, Thomas, Jr Casanova.

Venable, A. R., Jr '. Farmville.

Vermont.

Abell, C. A St. Albans.

Ball, A. P Derby Line.

Brainerd, L St. Albans.

Davidson, George West Derby.

Drew, L. S South Burlington.

Emerson, Charles W Charlotte.

Fisher & May St. Albans Hill.

Forest Park Farm Brandon.

Foss, J. Barron St. Albans.

Hannah, Matthew Windsor.

Houghton, W. W Lyndonville.

Joslyn, F. A Northfield.

Merriam, W. A Glover.

Nye, W. C East Barre.

Parker, R., & Son Ferrisburg.

Proctor, Fletcher D Proctor.

Rice, George L Rutland.

Sanford, Charles Ludlow.

Scott, W. F Brandon.

Scribner, G. S Castleton.

Smith, E. A Brandon.

Spalding, L. C, & Son Poultney.

Stevens, Wm. Stanford St. Albans.

Turner, Walter D Moretown,

Vermont Experiment Station Burlington.

Vermont Industrial School Vergennes.

Watson, H. R. C Brandon.

Winslow, C. M Brandon.

West Virginia.
Reymann, L. A Wheeling.

Wisconsin.
Hazen, Chester Brandon.

Johnson, Joseph Hartland.

Jones, Sam Juneau.

Tschudy, Fred Monroe.

Residence Unknown.

Birnie, Charles A

Crane, Fred

Fairweather, William

Haskins, J. P

Krebs, J. DeWitt

Robinson, Isaac R

Smith, J. B

Thurber, C. S

Walcott, C. W

Wood, Lucius H. .

Canada.

Allan, Andrew Montreal, Que.

Cochran, M. H Compton, Que.

Clark, J. G Ottawa, Ont.

Gibb, John L Quebec, Que.

Hume, Alex., & Co Menie, Ont.

Irving, Thomas Petite Cote, Que.

Scotland.
Stewart, John Lome Island of Coll.

AYRSHIRE CATTLE.

C. M. WiNSLOW.

The county of Ayr, in which the Ayrshire breed of
cattle originated, is situated in the southwest of Scot-
land, backed by mountains on the east and washed by
the ocean on the west, having the form of a crescent
and embracing the Firth of Clyde in its circle. The
face of the country is hilly and rises from the level of
the sea to some 2,000 feet to the top of the mountains
on the east.

The soil is strong and somewhat heavy, being a clay
and clay-loam, but thinner on the tops of the hills and
mountains, the whole being originally covered with a
dense growth of timber.

The climate is moist, with a temperature ranging
from about twenty-five to sixty-five degrees, with a
mean of about forty-seven degrees, regulated by its
proximity to the sea, and with frequent rains, which
are favorable to growth of grass and giving luxuriant
pasturage, though sometimes it is swept by fierce coast
storms.

The origin of the Ayrshire breed of cattle is veiled
in some obscurity, but the earliest history speaks of the
native wild cattle of the country as being white, with
red ears and black noses, high white horns with black
tips, with an animal noAv and then having more of the
brown, black or red, very wild and the bulls fierce, but
when calves are taken young, grow up to be quiet and
tame.

From the above it would seem a probable theory
that the original white cattle of Scotland were the
foundation of the Avrshire.

This is the more reasonable when we consider that
white is the natural color of the Ayrshire, and unless
care is constantly exercised in selection for coupling
they will revert to white or more white than red.

The first we hear of any effort being made to improve
the native stock of the country was about 1700, and this
was said to have been accomplished by selection and
better care.

About 1750, we read from Alton, that Earl of March-
mont purchased from the Bishop of Durham, and car-
ried to his seat in Berwickshire, several cow^s and a bull
of the Teeswater or other English breed of a brown and
white color.

He also writes that about 1770, bulls and cows of the
Teeswater or Shorthorn breed were said to have been
introduced by several proprietors, and it is from them
and their crosses with the native stock that the present
dairy breed has been formed.

In 181 1, in "Survey of Ayrshire," Alton writes that
the Ayrshire dairy breed is " — in a great measure the
native indigenous breed of the county of Ayr, improved
in their size, shapes and qualities chiefly by judicious
selection, cross coupling, feeding and treatment for a
long series of time and with much judgment and
attention."

From about the beginning of the last century we find
frequent mention of efforts for improvement in the
shape of the body and especially in the shape of the
udder.

Mention is made of a particular family of Ayrshires
called the Swinley variety, obtained by infusion of the
West Highland blood, which produced cattle with a
broader head, more upright horns, thicker hair and
stronger constitutions. In 1853 the Ayrshire Agricul-

tural Association established a scale of points as a
guide to the breeder which differs in a few respects from
ours in allowing " the horns incline upwards and curve
slightly inwards ; " " teats two to two and one-half
inches long ; " " colors preferred are brown or brown
and white."

The Canadians claim that Ayrshires were very early
brought into Canada on ships coming from Scotland,
being used for the supply of milk on the passage and
sold at Quebec or Montreal on their arrival, and so
popular did these become that shipmasters were fre-
quently commissioned to bring over one or more cows
from Ayrshire.

More recently the importation of Ayrshires into
Canada was constantly being made for breeding pur-
poses by the Scotch farmers, and of late there have
been a good many brought over by wealthy men of
Montreal and other cities, more particularly for com-
peting against each other in the show ring, and with
great rivalry.

The importation into the United States began in
1837 by an importation to Massachusetts, and continued
at intervals for about twenty or twenty-five years, with
importations into various of the Eastern States, but,
while they pleased their owners in easy keeping quali-
ties, hardy constitution, perfect shaped udders and great
milking capacity, they were very unsatisfactory milkers
on account of their short teats, and they failed to obtain
that strong foothold they had in Scotland and Canada,
where the women did the milking, and preferred a short
teat because they milked by stripping with the thumb
and forefinger, while in the United States the men did
the milking and wanted a large, long teat they could
grasp.

78 /

By reason of the short teats the importation into the
United States gradually ceased, and owners of Ayrshire
cattle began, by breeding and selection, to try and
lengthen the teats and at the same time retain their
wonderful dairy quality and hardiness, which has been
done, and to-day the Ayrshires of the United States are
undoubtedly the best dairy Ayrshires to be found in
any of the three homes of the breed — Scotland, Canada
or the States — and have uniformly the longest teats.

The Ayrshires of the United States are probably the
purest bred Ayrshires to be found, for the importations
were made direct from breeders in Scotland, and the
first account we have of a register being published for
Ayrshire cattle was Volume I of the present series, pub-
lished in 1863, which was revised in 1876, and now
numbers twenty volumes.

The requirement for eligibility to record in the Ayr-
shire Record is that each animal shall trace in an
unbroken line in every branch to a reliable importation
from Scotland, and every effort possible is made to
guard against mistakes from carelessness in keeping
stable records.

The first Ayrshire Herd Book published in Scotland
bears date of 1878, and the editor states in the preface
that the first volume contains over 550 entries, but that
he has encountered great difficulty in tracing pedigrees
because names were rarely given to animals. Since
then, their Herd Books have been published regularly.

At first the old Scotch breeders were reluctant to join
the Association and keep records of their cattle, saying
there was no need of it, but the popularity of Herd
Book cattle and increased demand for registered stock
has influenced most of them to register their cattle.

In order to gain admission to the Herd Book an ani-
mal whose ancestry has not been recorded must first win
a prize at one of their fairs, which makes her ehgible
to record in the appendix, and her progeny by a regis-
tered bull can be admitted to the regular book.

The Ayrshires in Scotland, with a long line of
recorded stock back of them in every branch, are
undoubtedly as pure bred as the Ayrshires that were
brought over to this country many years ago, and have
been kept recorded in our Herd Books.

The Toronto Ayrshire Herd Book was published in
1884 and the Montreal in 1886. In both these the
requirements for eligibility were not very rigid, and
animals were sometimes recorded that were grades, but
in 1899 the two registers were consolidated and revised,
claiming to reject all that could not trace to importation
from Scotland, but they still record stock tracing to
indefinite cows and bulls, being probably pure bred Ayr-
shires, but by reason of carelessness of the breeders in
not keeping records, the identity of the individual ances-
try is lost, and there is a doubt as to which of several
ancestors is the proper one.

The Ayrshire cow in general is a handsome, sprightly
looking cow, of medium size, red and white — the pro-
portion of red to the white being very variable, some-
times being nearly all red and sometimes nearly all
white.

White is easily obtained, due, no doubt, to her having
descended from the white cattle of ancient Scotland.
The Scotch breeders seem to prefer white, and the
Canada breeders also choose Ayrshires largely white.

Brown is sometimes found, and light red appears
occasionally.

8o /

Yellow color and roan suggest a cross of the Guern-
sey and Shorthorn and are objectionable on this account.

While variations in color of any breed are largely a
matter of taste, still each breed has a distinctive color
pecuHar to itself, and any variation from that color
which is a suggestion of a cross from some other breed
should not be encouraged, and it is certainly not pleas-
ant for a breeder to be obliged to explain that although
his cattle resemble some other breed they are really
pure bred Ayrshires.

The Ayrshire has a small bony head, large full eyes,
dish face, broad muzzle, large mouth, slim, upright horns.
The typical horn of an Ayrshire bull is wide spread and
inclining upward, the size being a matter of local taste,
either fine or coarse. The Scotch and Canadians seeming
to prefer a larger horn than the breeders of the States,
long, slim neck, clean cut at throat, thin, sloping shoul-
ders with the spine rising a little above the shoulder
blades, back level to setting on of tail, except a rise at
the pelvic arch, broad across the loin, barrel deep and
large, with ribs well sprung to give abundant room for
coarse fodder, and wide through the region of the heart
and lungs. Hips wide apart, rump long, hind legs
straight, thighs thin and incurving, giving room for
udder, legs short, bones firm and joints firm, udder
large when full and nearly level with belly ; wide, long
and strongly hung teats two and one-half to three and
one-half inches long, of good size, placed wide apart on
the four corners of the udder, with udder level be-
tween them and not cut up; milk veins large and tor-
tuous, entering the belly well forward toward the fore
legs. Skin soft and mellow, covered with a thick
growth of fine hair.

While an Ayrshire cow should be shapely and hand-
some to look at as she stands or walks, she should, when
handled, reveal much looseness of vertebra, flatness of
rib and width between the ribs, indicating large dairy
capacity.

The standard Ayrshire cow is of medium size, weigh-
ing about i,ooo pounds when fresh in milk, a tough,
hardy cow with vigorous appetite and not too particular
what she eats. She is always hungry, eats greedily and
chews her cud rapidly. It is rarely you can see an
Ayrshire cow when not either taking in food or chewing
what she has already gathered. While at pasture she
does not wander around looking for sweet patches of
grass, but goes to work rapidly gathering what is most
convenient either of grass or browse, and when full lies
down to chew her cud with no time wasted, and when
going to and from the pasture will cfiew her cud as she
walks, and I have often seen her keep on chewing when
started into a run.

The general appearance of an Ayrshire as you look
at her is striking, being alert and full of life and reserved
energy, and in breeding care should be taken to encour-
age a quiet disposition.

The Ayrshire seems to be to the cattle what the Mor-
gan is to the horse, and at once impresses the beholder
with the idea of a large amount of reserved force.

She is a very healthy cow, rarely having ailments of
body or udder, and you seldom see an Ayrshire cow but
that has four healthy quarters and gives milk out of
them of uniform quality.

She is a very persistent milker, giving a uniform

quantity well up towards calving, and many of them

will not dry off unless extra care is taken to make

them. She is very intelligent, quick to learn, and of a

retentive memory. Easily taught to take the same
place in the stable, and if her place is changed will in a
few days take her new place of her own accord.

She is quiet and pleasant to milk, not easily dis-
turbed, and yields her milk as readily to one milker as
to another, and does not seem disturbed by any amount
of noise in the stable.

As a dairy cow she is particularly adapted to the pro-
duction of milk for the milkman and table use, as her
medium size, vigorous appetite and easy keeping quali-
ties make her an economical producer, while her even,
uniform production makes her a reliable supply, and
the richness of her milk in total solids places her milk
above suspicion from city milk inspectors.

Her milk will bear unusual transportation and
handling without souring, and when poured back and
forth a few times from one can to another will remix the
cream and milk, which will not again readily separate,
giving it a uniformity in quality until the last is sold or
used. It has a good body and is rich looking, never
looking blue.

The milk itself being evenly balanced with casein
and butter fat is a complete food, easily digested, nutri-
tious and is particularly adapted to children and in-
valids. Stomachs that are weak and unable to digest
other milk find no trouble with Ayrshire cow's milk.

The Ayrshire being so superior for the milkman has
usually found her way to the supply stable, and has
not been used to any great extent as a butter cow, but
she is above the average as a butter producer, and
especially when the extra milk she gives is taken into
account.

Her cream rises slowly and needs to be extracted
with a separator, but it skims as closely and churns as

easily as any other, and cow for cow, taking all her
other qualities into consideration, she will compare
favorably with any of the so-called butter breeds in the
amount of dollars she will return to her owner when kept
as a butter cow.

The Association has of late been testing her butter
qualities, the results of which will be given further along.

The Ayrshire cow has always been noted as a cheese
cow, both for the superiority of the quality of her cheese
and for its large quantity.

While she has never laid any claims to being a beef
cow, the butchers are always glad to get hold of an Ayr-
shire, because they cut tip well and are heavy in the best
paying parts. Heavy hind quarters, small bones, thick
loins, meat nicely flecked with tallow, and of good color.

Mr. F. S. Fulmer, of Gibbon, Nebraska^ in a paper on
" The Ayrshire Cow," read before the Nebraska Dairy-
man's Association, said :

" The fattening quality of Ayrshire grades is reported
by Mr. J. A. Paterson of this State. He says : ' I am
wintering on my farm seventy steers coming two years
old. Among them are high grade Shorthorns. They will
average 950 pounds, but are thin in flesh. High grade
Ayrshires that will average fully 900 and are fat enough
for good beef. Polled Angus or Galloways, about the
size of the Ayrshire steers, are fat. Also a few Jersey
steers that will average about 600 pounds and are poor.
They are all fed together at stacks, and about ten pounds
of corn per day each.' Mr. P. adds : ' This feeding, I
think, is a fair test, and proves beyond a doubt that for
common purpose cattle that will receive the care of. the
average western farmer the Ayrshire or Polled Angus
are by far the best.' "

An Ayrshire will always weigh more than its looks
would indicate.

As a top cross on other breeds the Ayrshire seems to be
a success in producing a more desirable dairy cow. With
the Shorthorn they nick nicely, producing a fairly good
dairy cow, in size between the two, and a handsome, at-
tractive cow that sells well in the markets.

With the Jersey they seem to make up what is lacking
in the Jersey, and give a good all-round dairy cow, larger
and hardier than the pure bred Jersey, giving more milk
and of nearly as rich quality, and are said to be more
profitable in the dairy than the pure bred Jersey. Ayr-
shire bulls have for several years been eagerly sought for
to cross on unregistered or high grade Jerseys in the
common dairy.

It is a noticeable fact that where Ayrshire bulls have
been continuously used on common cows and the heifers
raised for the dairy, the average receipts in dollars from
such a herd have been considerable in excess of common
dairies, so much so that in dairy sections where the milk
or cream goes to the butter factory, there is an active
demand for pure bred Ayrshire bulls to cross on native
herds of cows.

OFFICIAL YIELDS OF BUTTER

for one month of sixty pounds or over from Home Dairy
Test :

Clarissa of Woodroffe 20579 60

Princess Beatrice 2d 16533 60

CoUinwood 11404 60

Himona 13032 60

Little Douglas 12766 60

Molly Fryer 16051 60

Ivan 14538 61

Queen of Barclay 15096 61

Cad's Beauty 13606 61

Eyrie 12602 61

Yucca 11470 61

Acelista 12094 61

Countess of Montwood 11435 62

Miss Olga 13984 62

Durline 13473 62

Delia of Woodview 16698 63

Miss OUie 3d 14887 T 63

lola Lome 12773 63

Maggie of Radnor 17013 64

Miss Fleda Douglas 12770 64

Durwood 12680 64

Mayflower of Monkland 15090 64

Rena Ross 14539 66

Flora 4th of Bonshaw 15578 66

Becky of Holehouse 17015 67

Keepsake 15913 '. 69

Rose Clenna 11153 72

Banjo Music 13527 72

Finlayston Maggie 3d 19217 78

Miss OUie 12039 90

Cad's Beauty 13606 97

Official Tests

of cows in Experiment Stations and the Home Dairy Test
that have given 6,ooo pounds of milk and 300 pounds of
butter or over in a year:

Association Tests
made before the Home Dairy Test was started.

Name

Ruth

Queen Mary
Myra

Alice Douglas 4398

Lbs. milk
No. 1 year

4816 10,219i

6578 11,154

2955 11,908

12,617

Official Seven-Day Records

Name No.

Acelista 12094

Mayflower of Monkland . . . 15090

Clarissa of Woodroffe 20579

Annie Bert 9670

Delia of Woodview 16698

RenaRoss.. 14539

Becky of Holehouse 17015

Keepsake 15913

Ouija 11882

Ladv Marcia 11111

Nett3d 12647

Finlayston Maggie 3d 19217

MissOUie 12039

Lukolela 12357

P. C. Total

s. milk

P. C. fat

solids

Butter

301

3.5

12.16

301

4.1

13.55

311

356

3.5

11.76

231

5.2

301

4.25

13.48

336

3.80

12.69

357

3.70

12.32

378

3.50

11.95

381

3.30

12.00

371

3.80

13.22

315

4.80

14.39

364

4.20

13.53

428

3.80

12.40

Experiment Station Tests

Name No.

NancvB 9581

Atala'nta 10777

Stiletto 16701

Atalanta 10777

Nett 10169

Acme 5th 10342

Lolita 9465

Nancy B 9581

Acme 5th 10342

Nett 10169

Nancy B 9581

PoUy'of Mauchline 12299

Rena Myrtle 9530

P. C. Total

Lbs. milk

P. C. fat

solids Butter

6,068

4.06

13.08 287

6,639

3.85

12.62 298

6,707

3.80

307

7,155

3.76

12.59 314

7,312

3.69

12 44 315

6,923

4.05

13.06 327

7,588

3.84

12.44 340

8,055

3.90

345

7,831

3.90

12.88 356

8,092

4.05

12.94 382

8,183

4.04

12.90 386

8,437

3.99

12.99 393

8,782

4.06

13.04 416

9,321

3.90

425

11,417

3.78

12.40 503

12,172

546

Home Dairy Test, 1901-2

Name No.

lona S 12350

Sadie Tascott 11483

Kitty Ozra 12086

Rose Veritas 12076

Roxy Ayer 13995

Ouija 11882

Aunt Abby 13220

lolaLorne 12773

Gladiola 12352

Olah 11471

Rose Erica 12775

Rose Carentine 13655

Printsteps 8th 12643

Nonpareil's Myra . . ; 14707

Annie Bert 9670

Roma 14197

Biona 12351

Miss Olga 13984

Cad's Victorine 14695

Rose Driimmond 10173

KatyDid 15242

Linda Douglas 13388

Oke Mar 13307

Collinwood 11404

Rose Clenna 11153

Gebec 13981

Yucca 11470

Banjo Music 13527

Lukolela 12357

Xoa 11469

Roanette 11476

Pearl Clyde 13991

Lilly Ayer 13994

Ponemah 13983

Bell Nixon 14705

Acelista 12094

Himona 13032

Cad's Beauty 13606

Durwood 12680

Miss OUie 12039

P. C. Total

Lbs. milk

P. C. fat

solids

Butter

6,163

4.16

12.38

301

663

3.48

12.45

309

850

4.06

13.46

309

924

3.94

12.95

314

771

4.39

317

510

3.75

11.96

318

910

4.01

13.43

318

301

3.89

13.00

319

741

3.66

12.10

322

180

3.53

11.88

329

853

3.29

12.03

330

016

3.63

12.69

330

405

3.78

12.78

332

178

3.76

12.46

335

313

3.57

11.39

337

676

4.04

341

631

3.54

11.69

343

078

4.18

13.41

345

967

4.29

13 51

345

029

3.36

11.84

346

679

4.65

351

965

3.82

12.86

351

858

4.13

12.90

362

215

3.83

12.43

364

884

4.12

13.06

366

875

4.11

12.27

373

502

3.80

12.26

376

955

4.12

12.36

380

299

3.60

11.71

384

090

3.69

12.05

387

638

3.90

13.00

387

286

4.19

396

477

4.23

409

651

4.61

13.30

416

383

3.85

12.27

421

906

3.77

12.48

421

765

4.33

12.84

439

702

4.27

12.67

446

701

4.05

15.07

506

924

4.73

13,93

514

Home Dairy Test, 1902-3

Name

No.

Lbs. milk P. C. fat

Lula Avondale 15033

Countess of Montwood 11435

Nora of North Oaks 13859

Olah 11471

Curley Hebron 15430

Muriel Fox 15036

Oke Mar 13307

Rose Brodick. . . .' . 15029

RoseEilice 13685

Rose Deruth 10346

Little Douglas 12766

Rose Dolman 13688

Belle's Cherry 15263

Betty of Kilnford 14946

Rayn 12358

Lilly Ayer 13994

Nancy B 2d 11936

Creamer 15137

Yucca 11470

Yuba Lass 12353

Lizzie Muriel 15364

Rosy Ayer 13995

Miss Fleda Douglas 12770

Gebic 13981

Countess of North Oaks.. . . 15113

Lady Watson 12644

Aunt Abby 13220

Xoa 11469

Biona 12351

Eyrie 12602

Lady Sears 12641

Durline 13473

Lady Monmouth 16699

KatyDid 15242

Printsteps 8th 12643

Pearl Clyde 13991

Roma 14197

Canary 13470

Miss011ie3d 14887

Inez Douglas 14554

lolaLorne 12773

Ponemah 13983

Acelista 12094

Mysie of Barcheskie 14952

Kalley 12660

Floe 16700

MissOlga 13984

MissOUie 12039

Maurine 13422

122
179
910
484
741
685
526
117
021
713
178
409
913
692
653
910
951
241
842
124
583
098
758
471
991
008
462
008
886
103
209
965
453
299
786
824
371
723
555
663
737
576
289
228
190
086
762
408
839

4.31
4.02
4.40
3.63
4.00
4.05
4.08
3.87
3.90
3.46
3.38
3.65
3.60
4.20
3.61
4.10
3.40
4.37
4.08
3.14
3.83
4.20
3.70
3.88
3.70
3.70
3.95
3.72
3.65
4.16
3.24
3.78
4.20
4.20
3.66
4.10
3.87
4.15
4.56
4.34
3.90
4.58
3.70
3.80
3.70
4.30
4.44
4.40
4.90

P. C. Total

solids Butter

13.32 300

300

305

306

13.18 306

13.23 308

309

12.80 311
13.01 311
12.14 312
11.51 312
12.68 313
12.96 314
315

320

325

12.31 325

326

327

12.85 335
336

12.74 336

336

338

12.73 340

13.16 340

342

343

12.17 345

350

358

356

12.57 360
364

368

371

14.03 374

14.16 386

12.75 388

390

12.31 392

393

12.47 395
395

397
13.59 425
433

Home Dairy Test, 1903-4

Name

No.

P. C. Total
Lbs. milk solids

Katv Did 15242

Muriel Fox 15036

May's Last 15877

Yucca 11470

Xoa 11469

Lukolela 12357

Pearl Clyde 13991

Olo 15136

MissOIga 13984

Creamer 15137

Mysie of Barcheskie 14952

lolaLorne 12773

Felicia of Woodview 17431

Myriel Mar 12917

Floe 16700

Lulu Avondale 15033

Countess of North Oaks 15113

Hazel Newcomb 12593

Floy Corslet 15023

Rosy Ayer 13995

Ruby Douglas 16672

Canary 13470

Belle's Cherry 15263

Nora of North Oaks 13859

Ponemah 13983

Roma 14197

Petrina of Woodview 17430

Durline 13473

Acelista 12094

Inez Douglas 14554

,971

,241 13.12

,535 12.51

,415

,694

,575

,939

,246

,896

,590

313

'824 12.58

,048

,318

,111

,798 13.11

,592

,777

,376 13.21

,949

,946

,740

,182

,189

,668

,073

,622

,478

,277 12.00

,942

P. C. fat Butter

303

3.80 309

3.51 312

313

3.57 317
317

3.32 318
3 . 99 322
4.25 323
3 . 90 323
3 . 85 325

4.33 326
3.90 330
4 . 65 336

4 . 30 340
3.40 350
3 . 90 354
3 . 90 360

4.31 372
375

3.40 376

4 . 20 386

4.20 396

4.36 396

3.83 397

4.60 398

3.80 414

3.45 455

4.80 479

Home Dairy Test, 1904-5

p. C. Total

Name No. Lbs. milk solids P. C. fat

Muriel Fox 15036 6,704 13.09 3.89

Kalley '..... 12660 7,738 12.07 3.

Laura Kilbowie 15465 6,779 12.87 3.

Ruby Douglas 16672 5,809 13.70 4.

Rose Foxglove 15038 6,996 13.01 4.

Oke Mar 13307 7, 133 3 ,

Lukolela 12357 7,721 3.66

MissOUie 12039 7,490 13.37 4.18

Pearl Douglas 17453 7,206 13.44 4.00

Rose Clockston 15026 8 , 365 12 . 22 3 . 49

Uarda 15135 8,228 . 3.53

Pride of Burlington 11932 7 , 873 12 . 72 3 . 65

MissOUie 3d 14887 6,961 14.92 4.61

30
90
60
04
76

Butter
303
304
304
308
311
318
323
324.
332
334
335
335
342

p. C. Total

Name No. Lbs. milk solids P. C. fat Butter

May's Last 15877 8,412 12.42 3.46 346

France 14011 7,846 13.12 4.10 363

DorrisY.. 16351 7,807 13.05 4.10 365

Miss Mabel D 15874 8,499 13.14 3.91 366

Ruby Russell 15564 8,643 12.34 3.70 382

Xoa 11469 9,804 3.42 386

LuluAvondale 15033 8,326 12.84 4.06 392

lolaLorne.. 12773 9,674 12.44 3.72 394

Biona 12351 10,012 3.50 394

Ponemah 13983 8,077 4.35 407

Ayrlynn Queen 16540 9,355 13.45 3.80 407

Polly of Mauchline 12294 9,321 3.90 425

Ivan 2d 17254 8,174 13.84 4.60 430

Eugenie Douglas 17452 9,587 13.00 4.05 443

MissOlga.. 13984 10,192 3.92 451

Molly Fryer 16051 9,741 12.66 4.00 453

Ivan 14538 9,975 13.35 4.26 463

Acelista 12094 11,856 12.12 3.54 489

ADVANCED REGISTRY

Official Test in the Two- Year-Old Form

No.

Rose Ascott 15035

Rose Clockston 15026

Ladv Wonder 4th 18043

Florine Corslet 17512

Rose Crashaw 1 7507

Miss Kilbowie 17505

•Rose Foxglove 15038

Ruby Douglas 16672

Dolly Fryer 2d 17094

Lulu Avondale 15033

Muriel Fox 15036

Rose Brodick 15029

Rose Dolman 13688

Sibyl Corslet 18256

Pearl Doudas :. 17453

Felicia of Woodview 17431

KatyDid 15242

Lizzie MurieL 15364

Buttercup of Rosemont 17900

Clotilde of Rosemont 17893

Petrina of Woodview 17430

Floe 16700

Letta Lind of Radnor 17892

Lbs.

milk

butter

5,621

242

6,135

244

5,600

245

5,504

248

5,995

269

6,751

275

6,128

283

6,321

294

6,485

299

6,122

300

6,685

3C8

7,117

311

7,409

313

7,170

317

6,598

317

7,047

326

6,760

327

7,583

335

7,584

356

8,548

376

7,766

402

8,201

403

8,602

435

Official Test in the Three- Year-Old Form

No.

Stilletto 16701

Doris G 16351

Belle's Cherry 15263

Eugenie Douglas 17452

Official Test in the Four- Year-Old Form

No.

Lulu Avondale 15033

Ivan 2d 17254

Official Yields of Mature

No.

Yucca 11470

Lukolela 12357

Xoa 11469

Roanette 11476

lola Lome 12773

Mysie of Barcheskie 14952

Durline 13473

Nancy B 9581

Belle Nixon 14705

Acelista 12094

Polly of Mauchline 12294

Atalanta 10777

Himona 13032

Miss Olga -. 13984

MoUy Fryer 16051

Ivan 14538

Acelista 12094

Lbs.

milk

6,707

Lbs.

butter

307

7,807

365

8,871

421

9,587

443

LD Form

Lb?,
milk

Lbs.
butter

8,326

392

8,174

430

OWS

Lbs.
milk

Lbs.
butter

8,502

377

9,299

384

9,090

387

8,638

387

8,806

391

9,228

393

9,317

403

8,782

416

9,383

421

9,906

421

9,321

425

9,740

429

8,765

439

10,200

451

9,741

453

9,975

463

11,856

489

OFFICIAL SCOTCH AND AMERICAN TESTS
OF AYRSHIRE COWS igoi.

It has always been claimed by the Scotch breeders of
Ayrshires that it was necessary to return to the old coun-
try for fresh blood every now and then in order to keep
up the standard of the Ayrshire cow in her highest per-
fection in form and dairy quality, which theory has been
believed by our Canadian friends, but not by the breeders
of Ayrshires in the States.

It has seemed to us that we had produced a type of
Ayrshire cows that held in form the original type, and
had' added to that a more practical addition in increased
length of teat and dairy ability, notwithstanding the
changed conditions of the climate of the States.

It has always been conceded that the climate of Ayr-
shire was moister, with a greater rainfall than is found in
the United States, being thereby more suited to grazing,
and that the same cows gave a less quantity of milk on
this side of the ocean than in their native home. This
being the case, it is not to be expected that with the same
cows the breeders can hope to compete in yields of Ayr-
shire cows at the pail with the Scotch breeder, and in
order to obtain an equal amount the breeder of the States
must produce a cow of increased natural ability.

It is not often we can obtain comparative yields that
are both authenticated and made on so similar plans as
to be of value in comparison, but this year we are
favored with just this in the official report of the Scotch
Derby for 1901, and the Home Dairy Test in the United
States for 1901.

The Scotch Derby is a competition in the County of
Ayr in Scotland that is entered into by the Ayrshire
breeders with great strife, because it is a hard contest
both on outward shape and dairy ability. A cow is en-
tered for the Derby and shown in the ring. Later, after
she has calved and in her best form for a twenty-four
hour milking trial, a committee is sent to the home of the
cow without notice to the owner, and she is milked clean
and the milk for the next twenty-four hours is weighed
and tested for butter-fat and total solids, and the award
made from her product in connection with her ring ex-
amination, which is substantially the same as the Home
Dairy Test of the Ayrshire Breeders' Association as far
as the dairy side of the contest is concerned. A com-
parison of the two made in 1901 should be a very good

index of the performance at the pail of the Scotch and
States Ayrshires in the quiet of their own home, though
in making the comparison, due allowance should be given
to the natural advantage the Scotch cow has over her
cousin in the States, on account of the better grazing con-
ditions in Scotland.

For a more complete and uniform comparison I have
copied the whole number of the test of the mature cows
in Scotland and have omitted their report of award made
by a scale of points, including the ring award, and have
confined myself to the dairy award simply, and to further
compare the two I have figured the butter yield of the
Scotch cows on the same method as the Experiment Sta-
tion figured the butter yield of the States cows, thus
making the two uniform and official.

Scotch Derby Test.

p. C. Total Lbs.
Owner. Age. Lbs. milk P. C. fat. solids. butter.

William Winter 6 60 3.80 12.22 2.66

James Little John 8 46.5 4.57 13.62 2.48

James Little John 6 53 3.87 12.67 2.39

William Winter 4 51.50 3.77 12.67 2.27

W.C.Alexander 8 52.75 3.82 12.49 2.35

David Gray 6 44.75 3.72 13.59 1.94

W.C.Alexander 4 46.50 3.07 11.62 1.67

Johns. Hunter 4 52 2.95 12.00 1.79

Average 50.87 2.19

United States Home Dairy Test.

p. C. total Lbs.

Owner. Age. Lbs. milk. P. C. fat. solids. butter.

Etna J. Fletcher 6 47.61 5.80 12.48 3.20

L.S.Drew 7 54.96 4.70 13.96 3.01

C. M. Winslow & Son 8 39.36 5.20 14.00 2.39

Etna J. Fletcher 6 42.68 4.80 12.76 2.39

Etna J. Fletcher 8 42.80 4.40 13.01 2.26

Etna J. Fletcher 7 37.90 4.50 13.33 1.99

Etna J. Fletcher 10 42.30 3.90 12.34 1.92

L. C. Spaulding & Son 8 39.03 4.20 13.05 1.91

Average... 43.33 2.38

The average of the above tests shows the Ayrshire cow
in Scotland to give more milk in a day, while the Ayr-
shires in the States give more butter.

OFFICIAL SCOTCH AND AMERICAN TESTS
OF AYRSHIRE COWS 1902.

I have recently received the report of the official milk-
ing tests of Ayrshire cows in Scotland for the year 1902,
and have selected the five giving the highest record for
butter, also the five giving the highest record in the Home
Dairy Test in the States for the year 1902, a comparison
of which is of interest, all being official and supposed to
be among the best of the breed in either country.

The natural conditions in Scotland are more favorable
for a large dairy yield from the same cows than in
America on account of the more uniform moisture in
Scotland and its consequent succulence of pasturage.
The record in both countries shows a good degree of uni-
formity and a good class of dairy cows.

As the names of the individual cows in Scotland were
not given, but their owners instead, I have adopted a uni-
form method. The report is for two consecutive milkings.

Scotch.

Owners. Lbs. milk.

William Winter 60

James Littlejohn 52

W. C. Alexander 30

W. C. Alexander 45

A. Gemmil 46

Average 46

American.

Owners. Lbs. milk.

C. M. Winslow & Son. . . .-. 51

L. S. Drew 42

Howard Cook 46

Geo. H. Yeaton 42

W. V. Probasco 47

Average 45

Per cent.

Lbs.

butter fat.

butter.

3.87

2.73

3.50

2.11

5.92

2.05

4.47

2.03

3.30

1.76

2.13

Per cent.

Lbs

butter fat.

butter.

3.80

2.26

4.60

2.25

4.00

2.14

4.50

2.10

3.80

2.08

2.16

The following official test, made at Brantford, Ont.,
between an equal number of Ayrshire and Jersey cows,
is a good illustration of the food value of the Ayrshire
milk as compared with the Jersey. Notice that while the
Jersey is higher than the Ayrshire in butter-fat it is lower
in solids not fat, also in total sohds, so that while the
Jersey would give a thicker cream or make more butter,
it is not as rich in casein, and not as nutritious as a food.
It is a settled fact that fat has no nutritive value, also that
milk containing an excess of fat is more indigestible and
causes serious disorders in the digestive organs of chil-
dren and young calves :

Lbs. solids Total

Breeds. not fat. Lbs. fat. solids.

4 Ayrshires 21,608 8,847 30,455

4Jersevs 19,725 10,680 30,405

AYRSHIRE CATTLE.

Although the great riches of Kansas make it unneces-
sary for the farmers to greatly concern themselves with
the dairy industry, the past few years have seen a won-
derful growth in this great occupation, and the balmy air
and rich pastures make this one of the most profitable
employments. Our climate is usually good, yet we have
extremes of heat and cold, which tax the energy and
vitality of the dairy breeds of cattle. It is in this con-
nection that we wish to say a good word for the Ayrshire
breed of cattle, which, though not very common within
the borders of our State, possess many of the very essen-
tials which should make them winners with those who
follow the dairy industry. Having originated in a
northern country and bred largely where there are ex-
tremely cold winters, and oftentimes poor pastures, they

must be wonderfully well adapted to withstand our occa-
sional severe winters, and the drouth that sometimes
frequents our border. Possessing the dairy type to
marked degree and having made good records at the pail,
along with their other qualifications, should make them
eagerly sought for.

Their distribution is not very extensive and their
worth seems to be underrated or not known. Their com-
parative gentleness and still active qualities speak well
for their qualification to make a first-class animal for
Kansas conditions.

The history of the breed is involved in much obscurity,
and it cannot be stated definitely just what the facts are.
They originated in Scotland in the county of Ayr, and
some of the breeds that have probably helped to build
them up are : Holderness, Dutch, Alderney, Kerry and
West Highland. These have probably all been bred into
the native cattle of the country, and have finally resulted
in the outgrowth of the present beautiful animal. Their
history dates back about 150 years, yet there are no indi-
viduals who stand out prominently as improvers of the
breed, but they have made a gradual march forward,
owing probably to the condition of the soil and climate
in the region in which they were raised. In the first
part of the last century considerable interest was mani-
fested in the breed and they were extensively improved
in the general dairy form by securing the wedge shape
and developing the hind quarters. At this time the udder
was brought to its well-balanced and symmetrical pro-
portions. Their mixed ancestry is very readily seen, and
they bear marks of the Shorthorn and Holstein, as well
as those previously mentioned. There have been a large
number of atavic transmissions in the breed which helps
prove that the ancestry is rather peculiarly mixed. The

Gladys Drummond. 11800.

The Twins.

Lord Watson. 7276.

YOLANDA. 17223.

county of Ayr is still their principal home, and, although
they are largely distributed in other parts, here they
exist in the greatest number for the land they occupy.

They may be found in quite large numbers in Finland,
Norway and Sweden, where they have met with great
favor. New Zealand and Japan also have a number of
these cattle, and they give very general satisfaction.

They have been quite extensively imported into this
country and Canada, especially the latter, where their
great hardihood shows them up to the best possible ad-
vantage. The general tendency is to keep them in north-
ern latitudes instead of going farther south with them,
and they seem to be distinctly fitted for the severities of
a cold climate. In Canada they are most numerously
distributed in Ontario and Quebec, while in the United
States they are to be quite extensively found in New
York, Massachusetts, Vermont, New Hampshire and
other eastern States, there being only a few, comparatively
speaking, west of the Mississippi river, Iowa probably
leading.

The Ayrshire seem to be the hardiest of any dairy
breed imported into this country, and would compare
favorably, in their resistance to adverse circumstances,
with the common grade and scrub cattle, and still do
much better at the pail. They are very active, rnoving
about with great ease and do well where the lands are
broken and much traveling must be done to secure food,
but they also do equally well, comparatively, when they
are put on good, rich pastures and well cared and pro-
vided for in the storms of winter.

There is one objection to them in a district like Kan-
sas where dairying is not a strict industry, and that is
their relatively small size, though an effort is being made
to breed them up to a larger size. The average weight
at maturity is now likely about i,ioo pounds.
7

In spite of their small size they are good milkers.
They have, however, made no phenomenal records, but
in average milk production they stand exceedingly high.
The milk is good for butter and cheese and is also good
for calf rearing, and is now recognized as a splendid
food for children and is growing in favor along that
line.

They mature at an average age, not early. The heifers
come into milk at about thirty months, and as in-and-in
breeding has not been practiced they are productive to
an old age. Their grazing qualities are very marked
and they are admirably suited to pasture where much
traveling must be done.

The only thing to be said about their feeding qualities
is that the calves are good for meat production from
the age of nine to eighteen months.

In using the Ayrshire bull for the ordinary farm in
Kansas where the cows are good sized grades we shall
get a splendid animal, and with fine dairy qualities, but
the condition on which the Ayrshire is noted would prob-
ably produce the most remarkable results.

The breeding qualities of the Ayrshire are above re-
proach. There has been little in-and-in breeding, very
little pampering in general, and they have been allowed
the open so much that their breeding qualities stand out
as a point in their favor.

They are a little inclined to be somewhat shy, but this
can mostly be overcome by careful treatment. It would
seem that a breed so pre-eminently fitted for adverse con-
ditions would soon come to the front, and it seems likely
they will continue to grow in favor until they make up
a large percentage of our dairy cattle. They are bright,
sprightly looking animals and are very handsome cattle,
being usually red or brown and white spotted.

Their distribution throughout Kansas is as yet very
limited, but there are a few good representatives of the
breed in the State.

The Ayrshire cattle are not ideal by any means, but
they are about as near it as any other breed in their line,
and their wonderful constitution and ability to withstand
the severities of a rigorous winter adapt them to our con-
ditions, at least in the western part of Kansas. The
purchasing of good Ayrshire cattle cannot but be a safe
investment.

HAROLD T. NIELSON.

BREEDS OF DAIRY CATTLE.

By Henry E. Alvord.

Ayrshires.
Origin and History.

The county of Ayrshire, in the southeast part of Scot-
land, stretches for eighty miles along the lower portion
of the river Clyde and Irish Sea. The surface is undu-
lating in large part, with moory hills, much woodland and
a climate moist and rather windy, although not severe.
If is a region of moderate fertility, with natural pastur-
age so distributed that grazing animals must travel long
distances in a day to satisfy their hunger.

In this country Ayrshire cattle were brought into their
present fixed form. The breed is among the youngest
of well-established type. Careful writers of a little more
than a hundred years ago failed even to mention this
breed, and the cattle of Ayrshire described in 1825 bear
little resemblance to the present stock of the country, and
must have been only a foundation race, small, unshapely
and generally black with white markings.

lOO

The Ayrshire breed has been built up within the nine-
teenth century by the liberal use of blood from the cattle
of England, Holland and the Channel Islands. The
exact facts and methods are unknown, but the result tes-
tifies to the good judgment in selection and breeding of
those who carried on the work. The Ayrshire of the
present day, which is found best developed in Cunning-
ham, the upper and most fertile of the three divisions of
the county, bears strong resemblance to the Jersey in
certain features; and in form, color and horn it resem-
bles the wild white cattle of Chillingham Park. Many
people believe the cattle to be direct and but slightly
varied descendants of the original wild cattle of Great
Britain. There is a well-defined tendency in the im-
proved Ayrshire to become lighter in color, many being
almost white. This is additional evidence of a strong
infusion of the blood last mentioned at some period in
the history of the breed.

The first Ayrshires in America were brought to New
York in 1822. They were imported into New England
in 1830 and into Canada in 1837. In 1837 there was
quite a large herd in Massachusetts and several importa-
tions were made prior to 1845.- From that time until
1875 there were more or less importations yearly, but
there have since been less. This breed has been a special
favorite for dairy purposes in Canada and highly es-
teemed in the New England States and parts of New
York. Elsewhere in this country these cattle do not
seem to do so well as their established merits deserve.

Characteristics.

Unless it be the little Irish Kerry, there is no cow which

excels the Ayrshire in obtaining subsistence and doing

well on a wide range of scanty pasture or in thriving

and giving a dairy profit upon the coarsest forage.

lOI

" The natural hardihood of constitution renders these
cattle admirably adapted to grazing on broken and rugged
pastures and in sterner weather than would be conducive
to the well-being of cows of some other breed." The
end sought in perfecting the breed has been a large yield
of milk without extravagance of food. It is a character-
istic of the Ayrshire that she carries her weight only,
and lives only to serve dairy interests with the utmost
economy in the utilization of food. Yet, like all other
good dairy cattle, the Ayrshire responds promptly and
profitably to liberal feeding. The Scotch have a saying,
taught by experience, that " the cow gives her milk by
the mou."

Ayrshires are of medium size among dairy cattle.
The bulls attain a weight of 1,400 to' 1,800 pounds at
maturity, sometimes being larger.

The cows weigh 900 to 1,000 pounds, averaging prob-
ably 1,000 pounds in a well-maintained herd. They are
short-legged, fine-boned and very active. The general
form is of the wedge shape, regarded as typical of cows
of dairy excellence; and this shape is not from any
weakness forward, but rather because of uncommon de-
velopment of strength of body and hind quarters. Good
specimens of the breed, when in milk, do not carry a
pound of extra flesh. The face is usually rather long
and straight, but clean and fine, with a full growth of
horn curving outward, then inward, and turning well
up, with tips inclined backward. The general appear-
ance of the horns is upright and bold, while usually sym-
metrical and often quite graceful. A black muzzle is
the rule, although white seems to be allowable. The
eye is peculiarly bright, with a quick movement, indi-
cating extreme watchfulness. The prevailing color of
the body is red and white, variously proportioned ; in
spots not mixed. Probably three-fourths of all the

I02

breed can thus be described as to color. A generation
ago the dark markings predominated, but there is now
a drift toward more white. The red is sometimes bright,
but often of a rich, shiny brown, Hke the shell of a horse
chestnut, and the coat of a thrifty Ayrshire is equally
bright and shining. Sometimes the color is a dull brown,
and occasionally a brindle appears. Nearly all good ani-
mals of this breed have broad, flat, well-arched ribs,
giving room for capacious digestive apparatus.

Doctor Sturtevant thus describes the milking parts of
the Ayrshire cow : " The udder has been the point toward
which the search after quality has been directed by the
careful Scotchman for a long period of time. Although
it differs in outward shape in individuals, it yet retains
a certain uniformity which may be considered typical.
This is in the gland and the teat. The glands are rather
flattened than pointed or elongated, as in other breeds.
These are well held up to the body, and in the types of
the breed extend far forward and back, with a broad and
level sole. The teats are small and of a cylindrical shape
rather than cone-shaped, as seen in other cows. The ud-
der is admirably fitted by its elasticity for the storage of
milk, and when at rest occupies but little space. The
eye accustomed to seeing pendant, fleshy udders so often
met with in dairy animals is apt to underrate, in com-
parison, the capacity, so deceptive to the unskilled, but
so full of promise to the educated observer."

At the proper time these wrinkles smooth out, the folds
expand, and the filled udder of the Ayrshire has come
to be regarded as a model in shape for all dairy breeds.
The teats are, however, often too small for comfortable
milking, but careful breeders have remedied this defect,
and whole herds can be found with superb udders and
teats of good size, though rarely large.

I03

The Ayrshire is of a highly nervous temperament.
The cow has a super-abundance of nerves and is willing
to employ them upon instant demand in self-defense or
self-support. The bulls, if properly handled, are not
fractious, but the cows are rather inclined to be quarrel-
some. They are always active and energetic, stop only
for a purpose, move off with a brisk walk, and often trot
without special provocation. Promptness is one of the
characteristics of the breed.

Although these cattle can lay no claim to being specially
adapted to beef production, the calves are thrifty and full-
fleshed and steers and dry cows fatten readily on suit-
able feeding. Their carcasses are small^ but they always
give an unexpectedly large percentage of dressed meat,
and its quality is excellent, fine-grained and well marbled.

Milk and Butter Records.
The Ayrshire cow is a large and persistent milker.
A yield of 5,500 pounds a year, as an average for a
working herd in good hands, is depended upon and often
realized. Records of eighteen well-managed herds, col-
lected from different sections and averaging twelve cows
each, show an annual average product of 5,412 pounds.
One noted herd, averaging fourteen cows in milk, has
an unbroken record for nineteen years with an average
of 6,407 pounds a year to the cow. In the last year
recorded nineteen cows averaged 6,956 pounds of milk.
Four of the cows in this herd gave over 10,000 pounds
in a year and over 12,000 pounds. Butter records are
not numerous^ but in the herd last referred to the milk
averaged 4^4 per cent, of fat for the last year and the
cows averaged 353 pounds of butter each, ranging from
244 to 512 pounds. In previous years single cows in
the herd made butter records of 504, 546, 572 and 606
pounds within twelve months.

I04

Another Vermont herd has a detailed record for eight
consecutive years. The average yearly milk yield of the
cows three years old and over has been, in different years,
from 6,003 to 6,440 pounds; every year single cows
exceed 7,000 pounds and sometimes 8,000. The milk of
this herd averages over four per cent, butter-fat, and the
yearly herd record ranges from 306 to 319 pounds of
butter per cow; single cows have butter records of over
400 pounds per year. The most interesting fact con-
nected with this herd is the economy of the rations upon
which these records have been made: In summer, pas-
tures alone; in winter, to each cow, daily, one bushel of
ensilage of matured field corn, an average of two quarts
each of corn meal and wheat bran and plenty of good
hay.

The milk of the Ayrshire is not exceptionally rich, but
somewhat above the average. Herd records show 35^
to 4 per cent, of butter-fat in the mixed milk throughout
the year. The milk of this breed is very uniform in its
physical character, the fat globules being small, even in
size, and not free to separate from the milk.

Cream rises slowly and has comparatively little color.
The Ayrshire is therefore not a first-class butter cow,
but its milk is admirably suited for town and city supply,
being safely above legal standards, uniform, and capable
of long journeys and rough handling without injury.

A special reputation which this breed has enjoyed as
superior cheese makers is not sustained by the facts. In
the hands of capable makers Ayrshire milk will make
little if any more cheese from a given weight than will
the milk of other breeds. The uniform distribution of
the fat is an advantage, and there is less liability to lose
fat in converting this milk into cheese than in the case of
richer milk with fat globules larger or irregular in size.

I05

The breeders of Ayrshire cattle in America organized
in the year 1863 and began the pubHcation of a herd book.
The interests of the breed are now represented by the
American Ayrshire Breeders' Association.

SCOTCH COMMENTS ON MODERN AYR-
SHIRE BREEDING.

At the annual dinner in connection with a recent
" agricultural show "' in Scotland, the principal speaker
was a certain Professor Wright, and a synopsis of his
remarks is published in one of the May issues of the
Farming World, of Edinburgh, from which we copy as
follows :

"After-dinner speeches at agricultural shows cannot
always be taken seriously, nor do they always furnish
mental pabulum for future use, but there has been one
delivered recently that will bear repetition, and will repay
the most careful consideration. This was the speech
delivered by Professor Wright, at the recent Kilbirnie
cattle show. We pass over the jocular portion of it, and
come to that part in which the professor discussed Ayr-
shire cattle. He asked the pertinent question if agricul-
tural societies had done all that they might for the benefit
of agriculture. Their practice, he maintained, resolved
itself in the majority of cases into the exhibition of live
stock, and a means of gaining prizes, without regard to
whether stock was improved or not. A few of the more
prominent shows had added implements, which exhibi-
tions were of great value; others had given dairying
demonstrations, and encouraged ploughing matches; but
taking all these extraneous benefits into consideration, he
was not inclined to admit that agricultural societies had

io6

done all they could to improve agriculture. Take the
question of improvement of stock, to which most atten-
tion is given. Take Ayrshire stock. He would like to
know whether the breed had been improved within the
last fifty years. If there had been any improvement, it
was very slow, in his opinion. No one would contend
that the breed was yet perfect. It was a splendid breed,
and an honor to this part of the country, and admitted
to be one of the best breeds in the world, but it was not
even yet a breed fixed into a perfectly distinct type — not
a finished and complete breed. Nor could it ever be so
while it consisted of two distinct tribes — milk winners
and yield winners. The shows had been the means of
increasing the number of good animals ; they enabled
comparison of stocks, they excited emulation and taught
some by observation, but still the progress was too slow.
Two suggestions he would make, by the adoption of
which he thought they might be made a means of pro-
moting the object for which agricultural societies were
formed : First. That shows should be made more edu-
cational in character — that judging ought to be accom-
panied by demonstration and explanation. The judges
ought to be able to assign, either in speech or writing,
their reasons why particular animals should be placed in
particular places. (Applause.) He was quite satisfied
that the judges in the west of Scotland were quite able
to give the reasons for their awards. It would be of
immense advantage to young farmers, and a check on
the judges themselves. (Applause.) Out of a hundred
farmers who went into a show, he ventured to say that
not more than ten would certainly be able to pick out the
winners. That showed the need of affording a means
of educating and teaching farmers and young men what
are the points of live stock. It was done by implement
sellers, and in dairying demonstrations, at which there

I07

were generally crowds, and he held if live stock shows
were conducted in the same way they would be of
far greater educational interest. (Applause.) Second.
That having heard reasons for judgments, the societies
should meet occasionally for the purpose of revising and
discussing the standards of judgment. For instance, if
they were to improve the Ayrshire breed, or any other, it
was necessary that they should understand what was
wanted or aimed at. Was it the best show cow, the best
milk cow, the best bodied cow, the best fattening cow,
or the best vesselled cow. It was necessary to clear up
these points in order that the judges themselves should
be guided in a right direction, and in order to prevent
what was a great misfortune in Ayrshire and other
places — the judgments turning upon points of fashion,
without reference to the points of utility. (Applause.)

" The vicious fashion which prevailed at one time of
passing over the best of Ayrshire cows which had not
small teats, had done considerable damage to the repu-
tation of the breed outside Scotland; but, generally
speaking, this show point had now been abandoned in
favor of points of more general utility. (Applause.)
Other points he mentioned, not for the purpose of ex-
pressing definite opinions, but of inviting consideration.
As to horns, the 'Ayrshire Herd Book ' said ' the horns
should be set wide on — inclining upwards.' Was there
anything particularly essential or right, the professor
asked, in that or was it merely a fashion, or was it a
point of importance at all? Was there any need at all
for horns on a milk cow? (Laughter.) He was quite
certain that horns did not make beef. (Renewed
laughter. )

" The next point he referred to was that of ' size.'
The judges didn't always put at the top the largest or
most valuable cow in the auction ring, and some people

io8

objected and criticised them severely, and wanted what
they called a good commercial cow. Was that right?
He asked them to consider what was really the value of
size in a cow. An Ayrshire was not kept for a fattening
but a milk-producing cow. The biggest cow did not
always give the most milk. Suppose they took two cows
— one weighing eight hundred- weight and the other nine
hundred-weight, equal milkers, the latter would cost
twenty to thirty shillings more a year to feed, or, if kept
for four years, from four to six pounds more, and they
would get only from twenty to thirty-five shillings more
for the nine hundred-weight animal, but they would really
lose from three to five pounds on the larger animal.
What he would regard as the ideal Ayrshire cow was a
cow without horns that yielded the most milk of the
best quality in proportion to her size and the number of
years she had been in milk. (Applause.) In concluding.
Professor Wright said he would not detain them longer
with these heretical opinions, and he again congratulated
the society for having these discussions."

CANADIAN AYRSHIRES.

Editor Hoard's Dairyman:

I have been a subscriber of your paper for some years
and am very well satisfied with it. I have noticed that
you do not pay much attention to Ayrshire cattle. - I
believe that if you saw some of our best Canadian Ayr-
shires, you would think a good deal of them.

They are not the red, down-horned, six teated, slab-
sided kind, commonly seen in United States. They have
not been inbred and overfed like the Jerseys for a thirty-
five pound butter record, therefore their constitutions are
best. The average test of milk is from four to six per
cent. fat. Some of the best ones give as high as seventy
pounds a day and are very persistent milkers.

I09

Ayrshires cross very well with other breeds and I have
noticed that in contests of dairy grades, Ayrshires have
had three-fourths of the prizes. Again, I have never
known a breeder to sell his Ayrshires and breed other
dairy cattle. They are, as they are often called, " rent
payers." A modern Ayrshire cow should be about as
follows: A handsome head, broad between large bright
eyes, upright horns, clean, straight neck ; fine withers,
large heartgirth, well-sprung ribs^ a good barrel ; large,
long milk veins and a long, broad udder, not too deep,
with four evenly placed teats.

I have seen some imported cows of this breed in
Canada, which a good judge would have to look at a long
time before he could find any faults with them. They
are as prepotent and as good milkers as any, and the
hardiest and handsomest of all. It is my honest belief
that they are unequaled for this climate. There is a
breed here called Canadian Cattle, which, I think, I should
prefer next to Ayrshires. They have been well spoken
of by high-class farm papers and while, not very numer-
ous or well knowji, they have every appearance of being
dairy cattle of a high order. Many of our exhibition
societies have given them a chance as a regular breed.

Canada. ' Breeder.

AMERICAN VS. CANADIAN AYRSHIRES.

Editor Hoard's Dairyman:

I notice in your last week's issue an article on " Cana-
dian Ayrshires," signed " Breeder," speaking in high
terms of the Canadian Ayrshires and denouncing the Ayr-
shire breed in the States on account of color, shape of
horns, extra number of teats and style of build.

It is probably true that Ayrshire breeders in the States
have bred and selected more with a view of building up
a useful dairy breed than for a show-yard type, and it is
true that you will often find Ayrshire cows with small
curling horns and more red, perhaps, than a Canadian
would like, and you often find two small teats on the
udder back of four large long ones, to milk with.

The Ayrshire, as she came to us from Scotland, was
a wonderful cow in constitution and dairy ability, but
her teats were so short that it was with difficulty she
could be milked, and for that reason she dropped out of
popular favor, and then importation stopped.

But the owners of Ayrshire cows in New England and
the Eastern States saw the foundation in her for a profit-
able dairy cow, adapted to the food supply and climate
of the Eastern and Northern States, if the teats could be
lengthened and the cow made serviceable ; and to this
end the breeders of Ayrshires in the States have for some
thirty or forty years been steadily breeding and selecting,
and the result of it all is^ that in the States we have an
Ayrshire cow that will give as much or more milk than
the old imported ones, and that also has teats long
enough to get the milk rapidly and comfortably.

She has also retained the strong constitution and feed-
ing quality of the original cow, and to-day the Ayrshire
cow of the States is a typical dairy cow.

I have before me the report of a fair ground test, of
five Ayrshire cows, at the New England Fair at Old
Orchard, Me., last August, and the test of five Canada
cows at the late dairy test at the Provincial Winter Fair
in Canada.

The Canada test being for two days and the States
test for one day, I have doubled the result of the States
test to place them on the same basis. The five Ayrshire
cows at the New England Fair gave 39540 pounds milk,

Ill

3-57 per cent, fat, making 16.47 pounds of butter, figured
by the Experiment Station rule of one-sixth addition.

The five Canada Ayrshire cows at the Winter Provin-
cial Fair gave 316.29 pounds milk, 3.82 per cent, fat,
making 14.09 pounds butter, figured as above.

Brandon, Vt. C. M. Winslow.

AYRSHIRE CATTLE.

Dr. A. S. Alexander^ in Live Stock Report.

While Ayrshires have not obtained any great foothold
in America they are of great repute and profitable utility
in their native mild and moist climate, which suits them
best. We remember when they were largely cherry red
and white in color, but in comparatively recent years the
white has seemingly gained the ascendancy over the red,
and the reason, we presume, is that some white bulls
gained prominence in the show yards, became the fashion
and unfortunately changed the original color of the breed.
The improvement of the breed dates from 1750, is said
to have become universal about the year 1870, and has
attained steadily until to-day the breed has attained high
perfection. An authentic report published in 1878, says:

" The modern Ayrshire cow has well defined charac-
teristics, which are unmistakable by the observer when
once understood. The horns are small, wide apart at the
base, have an upward inclination, and graceful curve
inwards. The head is small, the neck long and fine where
it joins the head, but gradually thickening to where it
is set upon the shoulders. The forequarters in general
are thin, the body developing gradually toward the hinder
parts. The color is brown, mixed more or less with red,
the markings being clearly defined ; while the skin is soft,

112

and pleasingly elastic to the touch. The thighs are deep
and broad, and the legs short. The udder is large without
being curhbersome. Indeed, the general contour of the
Ayrshire betokens milking capacities of no mean order.
There is little coarseness about the true breed, most of the
points being what connoisseurs call good."

The Ayrshire breeders are a particular people and do
everything possible to keep and improve the chief quali-
ties of their favorite breed. They are, if anything, too
conservative, for, while paying remarkable attention to
the quality and character of the horns of their cattle, they
have failed to breed out the breed peculiarity of extremely
small teats. It is necessary to " strip " most Ayrshire
cows we have seen, for the teats are so small that they do
not fill the hand sufficiently to allow of milking by the
squeezing method.

The Ayrshire in the Show Ring.
It. is quite amusing to note the solemnity with which
a show Ayrshire is walked before the judges or in the
parade at Ayr or Kilmarnock. We have never seen any-
thing equal to it in the showing of other breeds. The
attendant studies every step of himself and charge as if
his life depended upon it. He watches keenly each mo-
tion of his beloved beast and endeavors by every art and
trick of the trade to make the most of appearances. He
is the greatest enthusiast and the most sober of any cattle-
man we have ever watched at his work. If he smiles
when the ribbon is tied upon his animal we have always
failed to notice it. It comes to him as a righteous reward,
richly deserved, rightly won. And what a time he has
had in fitting his beast for the battle ! The horns seem
like white wax — they are symmetry itself — and the bull
or cow knows exactly where and how to step, keeping
pace with the leader. It is a study in the fine art of

Lady Earle of B. 19376.

Simplicity. 12560.

Daisie Bruce, 5031.

Queen Nina 2d._ 12066.

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Bkl-£

1^1

ii3

cattle feeding-, fitting and exhibiting, and explains why
in its native home the Ayrshire is so successful, while so
much less so abroad.

We cannot possibly devote the time and attention be-
stowed by the Ayrshire cattleman ; nor have we the innate
love of the breed and inherent desire to maintain old
family traditions in breeding- and showing. We can,
however, find a useful place for the Ayrshire " coo "
wherever climate and soil are suitable. A limestone form-
ation gives best results and the ample flow of milk makes
abundant, rich cheese, to say nothing of butter. Wt
would have to breed larger teats on these cattle and the
horns would not prove an interesting matter — indeed,
'they would doubtless in many districts fall victims to the
dehorning shears — but as a breed they would in many
places, as they do in Ayrshire, prove capital farmers'
cows for both milk production and good quality beef
steers. .

At home the Ayrshire cow produces on an average
some 600 gallons of milk per annum on good soil and
z|8o to 500 gallons on poorer farms. In a test a little over
three gallons of milk was given by one cow in twenty-four
hours, and she produced at the rate of fifteen pounds of
butter per week. When dried off Ayrshire cows fatten
quickly arid make a creditable carcass of beef, so that they
are considered desirable for this fact, in addition to their
other good qualities. In Ayrshire most of the cattle are
rented out to " bowers," who pay for them so much cash
or cheese per annum and are supplied with pasture for
the summer months and a stipulated amount of winter
feed by the owner. This, we remember, was the plan in
vogue upon Mr. Mitchell's farm, and we believe that the
rent per cow for the year was some $75, or three or
four hundredweight of cheese per annum.

114

Ayrshires a Great Horn Grower.

Reverting to the subject of Ayrshire horns, we are
amused to note that our old teacher, Prof. Primrose
McConnell, himself a " terrible Ayrshire body " and a
man of splendid scientific attainments, hits the breeders
hard anent the prevailing fad for upstand horns. He
says, on page 291 of his learned work on the " Elements
of Agricultural Geology " — his magmts opus, which took
a lifetime of patient study and research and ten years for
the preparation of the manuscript :

" The present horn of the Ayrshire is the result of a
showyard fad — an artificial type has been followed now
for a generation, to the personal grief of the writer. The
original horn of the Ayrshire was the 'crummie ' type, a
nice little turned forward, incurved arrangement, exactly
in the longifrons style, and which was harmless as a
weapon. Now, those breeders who have been smitten
by the showyard craze have — by selection, by the use of
pulleys and weights, by the use of the rasp, and by the
use of hot porridge poultices, so moulded and altered the
horns that they are now as deadly as the horns of the
gemsbok, which even the lion will not face. As an
Ayrshireman, and lover of a ' guid coo,' the author has
done his little best to persuade his fellow dairymen to
revert to the original type of horn as a matter of safety,
beauty and utility, oi" even to introdue the polled type,
but without success. That such was the old, natural
type of horn is perfectly well known to the older farmers,
and the writer can just remember it being common him-
self, while all old prints represent it."

HOME DAIRY TEST, 1906.

Regulations and List of Premiums Offered by the
Ayrshire Breeders' Association.

Two Hundred and Ten Dollars in Cash, the French

Prize Cup and the Country Gentleman

Prize Cup.

Prizes for Butter.

The Ayrshire Breeders' Association offers the follow-
ing premiums for cows or herds of Ayrshires making
the best records for butter for one year under the condi-
tions hereafter named.

For individual cows, $30.00, $20.00, $10.00.

For herds of five cows each, $75.00, $50.00, $25.00.

Special Silver Cup Prizes.

In addition to the above cash prizes we are pleased to
offer a piece of silver plate, obtained from the income of
the " French Fund " of $1,500.00, donated by Miss Cor-
nelia A. French, North Andover, Mass., in memory of
her brother, the late J. D. W. French, and offered for
the herd of five cows who shall give the largest record
for a year, of milk and butter, beginning April first.

Through the generosity of Messrs. Luther Tucker &
Son, we are pleased to offer The Country Gentleman
Prize Cup for the single cow that shall give the largest
record for a year, of milk and butter, beginning April
first.

The awards shall be based on a uniform scale of points.

ii6

Conditions of Test.

1. All animals competing must be registered in the
Ayrshire Record and stand on the books of the Associa-
tion as owned by the person competing.

2. The year's test will commence April i, 1906, and
notice of proposed entry in tests must be sent to the
Secretary of the Association not later than March fif-

teenth, so as to allow time for arrangements for test to
begin April first.

3. Each contestant shall name from five to twenty
cows and heifers to be tested through the year, and when
naming shall give the age of each cow and date of last

117

freshening, and at the end of the year he may select any
three of these for the individual cow prizes and any five
■for the herd prizes, but shall not select the same cow for
both individual and herd prizes, nor shall he be allowed
to duplicate entries, nor shall he enter the same herd
or single cow for both Home Dairy Test prizes and the
special prizes, but may choose at the end of the year
where he will enter his herd or single cows, for any of
the prizes. Home Dairy or Specials.

4. At the end of each month every contestant shall
report to the Secretary of the Association, upon blanks
furnished them for such purpose by said office :

a. A complete record of weights of each milking,
with the correct footing of each for the month.

b. The calving and service record for that month.

c. An approximate statement of the amount and
kind of food given the animals, and the manner of
stabling and care of same; a full statement for the first
month, and after that enter on the blank for that month
any changes in food or care as they occur from month to
month during the year.

5. About the middle of each month the contestant
shall take a composite sample of all the consecutive milk-
ings for two consecutive days of each cow in the test, and
send to the Experiment Station in the State in which the
animal is located, or to such place as may be directed or
approved by the Committee in charge of the testing, the
result of such tests to be reported by the tester to the
Secretary of the Association.

6. These tests shall be under the supervision of the
Committee appointed by the Ayrshire Breeders' Associa-
tion, but any member of the Committee owning animals
competing in said tests shall be barred from having super-

ii8

vision of his own test or tests. All cows shall be wholly
under the control of the owner, so far as feeding and
general treatment are concerned.

7. The Association will pay the expenses of testing
the milk sent to the Experiment Station, and will pay
the expenses incurred by carrying out the provisions con-
tained in rule 8.

The contestant shall furnish the bottles for the tests
and shall be to all the expense of express charges on his
milk sent from his herd to the Station doing the testing,
and shall entertain, free of charge, the Agent sent from
the Station to inspect his testing.

8. At such times as the Committee supervising said
test or tests shall see fit, but at least twice during the
year, they shall send anyone whom they may deputize
to visit the herds from which animals are entered, to
weigh and test the milk from cows competing, the agent
sent being approved by the Experiment Station doing the
testing for that herd.

9. The result of each year's test shall be computed
in the following manner : The weights of milk produced
each month shall be multiplied by the per cent, of butter
fat as shown by the oflEicial test for that month, and the
amount of butter computed by the Experiment Station
method of the addition of one-sixth, and the sum of the
results thus obtained shall be the year's record. The
milk will also be tested for per cent, of total solids, but
this, however, will not be considered in making the
awards, which will be on amount of butter only.

The statistics obtained from the above test will be of
inestimable value to all breeders of Ayrshires, because,
covering a long period of time and being official, they will
show to the public the value of the Ayrshire cow for a
year, in quantity of milk and butter and per cent, of fat

119

and total solids, and an approximately correct idea of the
food and care which has been given to obtain such results.
One great advantage to the breeder of Ayrshires com-
peting in the Home Dairy Test is that all the cows entered
in the Home Dairy Test are also carried along for entry
in the Advanced Registry, with no other expense or
trouble to the owner of the cows.

All who have participated in the Home Dairy Test
competition are satisfied that it is of inestimable value to
them as owners and breeders. Advanced Registry, and
advanced registry cows are what is going to place the Ayr-
shire cow in a position of superiority, and give to the
breeder of advanced registry cows an exalted position in
the ability to dispose of his surplus stock. It is earnestly
hoped that this opportunity for an official test of Ayrshire
cows will be very generally responded to by the owners
of Ayrshire cows, that we may obtain some valuable sta-
tistics to publish in favor of the Ayrshire cow.

C. M. WINSLOW,

THOMAS TURNBULL, Jr.,

GEO. WM.. BALLOU,

PROF. H. HAYWARD,

Committee on Home Dairy Tests.

NEW YORK

6rccn Bay farm

HOME OF

Hdvanced Registry Hyrsbires*

My Cows and Heifers all have teats long enough lo
milk with a full hand, and a shapely udder

PRODUCTION FIRST; SHOW RING AFTER>

My herd is headed by the Bull, THORP,
No. 9361. Look up his breeding,

1 Have a Few Ypung Bulls and Heifers for Sale.

ADDRESS:

DR. C. E:. hatch, PROPRIEl-rOR,
CSAI N ESVI 1_L_E, ISI. Y. WYOMING CO-

STEW YORK

FO R SALE!

Ayrshire Cattle, B?ih_§£^^-

YOUNG COWS, HEIFERS AND CALVES A SPECIALTY

CI<ARENCE OF BURNSIDE, 7581.

Bred from Imported Stock. Mostly White
with Dark Marking around eyes and neck.

CLEO, 14861, HAS GIVEN A RECORD OF 683 1-2 LBS.

OF MILK IN SEVEN DAYS, WITH 123 1-2 LBS.

TO HER CREDIT IN ONE DAY.

Prices Reasonable.

B. O. JACKSON &L SON,

Homestead Farm,

Boonville, N. Y.

NEW YORK

IMI

'ZMmxnmi tuEiiB) or

BUTClrllEiJ COaKlTT

Captain Hndrcw C. ZabrisWc,

IPtoprietoc- •

TOC[fl FQl Si^L

NEW YORK

SILVER PET OF WOODROFFE, 18925

Won First and Champion
Prizes in 1905 at the

Ne-w YorK State Fair, Syracuse, N. Y.

PINE LANE FARM,

IVriDDLKTOWNT, N. V.

AVDCUTDC UCOn Best Milking qualities. Fashion
IrVkjnirvIl nLrvU, and Form Combined. -:- -:-

Pine I,ane Farm is located two and one-half railes from Middletown, N. Y., on
the Erie R. R. and the New York, Ontario & Western R. R. 67 miles from New
York City.

MIDDLETOWN 'PHONE. NO. 666-«.

Correspondence Solicited. Address,

i^^^ 77T««« t^'kll/Aii MIDDIvETOWN, N. Y.

M>CO* \Mrn, OallOU^ or 430 east 48th ST., NEW YORK CITY.

NEW YORK CJTY 'PHONE, 925-3aTH.

JOHN RETSON, Herdsman.

J. J. JONES, Manager.

NEW TOKK

fDaple Roio Stock ?arm

I H^rsbires. i

For Practical Dairy Purposes. Bulls selected
from the best milking families. Noted for
Strong Constitutions and excellent milking
strains. Stock of all ages for sale. - - -

CORRESPONDENCE SOLICITED:

mieitors XKIlelcome,

^ ^» lb- Cookingbam, ^

Cberr^ Creeft, m. 1. * Cbaut. County.

VALLEY POINT rARM

Herd of

PRIZE-WINNING AYR5HIRES

Choice selections of all the leading strains,
including the Duchess of Smithfield. None
but the best retained in the breeding herd.

ORMISXON BROS.,

CUBA, - NEW/ YORK.

PENNSYLVANIA

MiQblanb jfarm

H>>r8birc8

3obn 1R. Dalentinc, proprietor.

Herd headed by

Imported Finlaystone, 8882.

Three-fourths of our matured cows this
year have made from 9,000 to 11,000 lbs.
of milk with an average test of four per
cent, butter fat.

ALL STOCK TUBERCULIN TESTED.

Some very choice young bulls for sale
from advanced registry cows at reason-
able prices

Addi

pbilip C. palmer, )Mgr.,

HIGHLAND FARM. Bryn IVlawr, Penn.
INSPECTION INVITED.

NEW YORK AND MASSACHUSETTS

For Ayrshire Cattle

ALL. ACBiElS AND BOTH SEXES

Bred for Practical Dairy Purposes, Size,
Constitution, Disposition, Style, Length
of Teat, and Deep and Persistent Milkers,

APPLY TO X. W. Stowell, mac\\ CreeF?, IR. 1^.

Mt. Hcrmon Boys' School

Founded by DWIGHT L. MOODY.
BREEDERS OF

HIGH CLASS AYRSHIRE CATTLE.

Herd built on Foundation presented by
DR. THOMAS TURNBULL, Jr., Ex-
Pres. of Ayrshire Breeders' Association

COWS, HEIFERS AND CALVES FOR SALE

For information and prices address
H. HAYWARD, Ht. Hermon, Mass.

MEADONA/ LAWN FARM.

ATRSHIRES for sale. All ages. This herd consists
of 30 as fine Ayrshires as any one herd. At head of
herd is

WHITE PRINCE, GRANDSON OF WHITE FLOSS

and by imported bull

GEO. H. BOWKER, - - - Westboro, Mass.

ON EirECTRIC CAR I^INE.

WEST VIRGINIA AND IVEW HAMPSHIRE Vj TZ

George H. Yeaton

^ Breeder of Pure
Ayrshire
Cattle...

hS^Ss

Send For flilk and
Butter Records

MISS 01,GA, 13984.
Winner of 1st prize in Home Dairy Test for the
year ending April 1, 1905.

l,ONG DISTANCE TEI.EPHONE

Residence : ROI^I^INSFORD, N. H.

Post-office : DOVER, N. H.

Hill Top Farm
Ayrshires . . . .

This herd contains over fifty head of thoroughbred Ayrshires of
the finest of breeding and best of individuality.

The following bulls now in use :

Nox'-em-all, 7312, by Lord Douglas of Maple Grove (imp.), No.
6376, out of the champion Viola Drummond, No. 12533.

Monark of Verbank, 7970, a grandson of Nonpareil and Major
Verbank and a winner of first and championship prizes.

Howie's Dairy King (imp.), 5707, by Erin-go-bragh, out of
Brockie of Hillhouse, who gave 73 lbs. milk in one day. This is
a superb young bull, winner of 1st and championship N. Y. State
Fair, 1905, and other prizes.

YOUNG STOCK FOR SALE

L. A. REYMANN,

WHEELING, W. VA.

NEW HAMPSHIRE

The Hayes Farm

Portsmo\itK, Ne"w HampsHire

Here you can find foundation stock from
the best families in the Ayrshire line.
Representatives from this herd at ten of
the largest fairs in New England, in 1905,
took 1st and 2d prizes and sweepstakes.
We have all the popular shades and styles,
"White," "Spotted," "Mixed" and
" Dark Colors " Write for description
of what you want for the show ring of
1906.

More cows have gone into the advanced registry
than from any other herd, with one exception.

Charles H. Hayes & Son

CONNECTICUT AND MAINE

HIGHLAND FARM

The Ayrshire's Home

EQUINOX, 9451. &\JL,h CA1,F, 5 MONTHS OX,D
Ayrshires of all kinds for sale at reasonable prices. Address :

Rev. Elmer F. Pember, - Bangor, Maine

Rome Rill Stock farm.

AYRSHIRES FOR BUSINESS.

Advanced registry tells the story. Buy calves out of cows that
have qualified for advanced registry and you know what you are
getting for your money.

MOLLY FRYER, No. 16051,

one of the four cows from Home Hill that qualified for advanced
registry last year, was raised at HOME HILL FARM. She earned

$200.38 IN 365 CONSECUTIVE DAYS.

A High Per Cent, of Butter Fat the Constant Aim.
r>eiil*y Dotrancc, plain field, Connecticut.

PENNSYLVANIA

-AyrsKire Cattle.

This herd consists of sixteen cows from the herd of W. V
Probasco, including the HOME DAIRY TEST WINNERS, 1 902
AND 1 903 ; eight Blue Ribbon winners from H. B. Cater & Son,
and five from W. G. Tucker, and is headed by the Scotch-bred bull

MOONSTONE 2ND. OFBARCLAY.

NETHERHALL, MACDONALD, IMP., 8860.

His Dam and Grand Dam are imported cows,
typical, and show good dairy ability; his Sire,

MOONSTONE OF DRUMSUIE, IMPORTED,

sired four of the first prize Breeders' Young Herd, at
St. Louis, and his daughters show great form as this
year's record will testify to. -

THE INCREASE OF THIS HERD WILE BE FOR SALE.

HILLVIEINA/ SmOOK FARM, L-td.,

w. V. prObasco, McaFt., paoli, pa.

PENNSTJLVANIA

BARCLAY FARM

IMPORTED AYRSHIRES

^ START RIGHT ^

BUTTERCUP OF ROSEMONT, 17900

official Two year old recQrd, 7,584 lbs. of milk and 356 lbs. of butter.

HbC SCOtCb B^rSblre is not only a leading show cow of
today, but will be proven a leading dairy cow if given a chance.
Nine of twelve cows started here last winter have qualified for Ad-
vanced Registry, and from a breeder's standpoint we were the
most successful breeders at St. Louis. Forty-five cows are now in
the herd and a new importation expected in March. This herd is
headed by MOONSTONE OF DRUMSUIE, imp., 8228, and
NETHERHALL MACDONALD, imp., 8860, both of good
quality and excellent families.

BREEDERS CAN BUY CALVES OF BOTH SEXES AT ALL TIMES.

JOHN W. OAKEY, Mgr., Barclay Farm, Bryn Mawr, Penn.

CONNECTICUT

5. M. Wells. Herd UstablisHed in 1863. Wm. T. Wells.

IRibgeeibe ifarm

^^= AYRSHIRES. ^^^^^^

S. M. WELLS & SON.

NENA/INGTON, CONNECTICUT.

Leading CCCinncrs at the Universal
Exposition at St. Louis, 1904.
Herd consists of Dairy and Show
Ring animals of the highest quality

PRESENT STOCK BULLS-.

BARCHESKIE KING'S CREST, 9035, IMP.
LOYAL DUKE OF RIDGESIDE, 9483.
SIRE, DUKE CLARENCE OF BARCHESKIE, 6640, IMP.
DAM, LADY EARLE OF B, 19376.

Farn/located^on Electric Car~L,ine from Hartford

^^^n TELEPHONE CONNECTION

PENNSYLVANIA AND OHIO

of both sexes and all ages from the

CHOCOfiUT VALLEY HERD

I stock for sale at all times.
P. BYRNE & SONS, St. Josephs, Pa.
^^ . ^1

THE DAIRYMAID FAMILY OF AYRSHIRES

are proving their worth, both in the dairy
and as show cattle. When you want them
just as represented, call on or apply to

A.B. McConnell&Sons, Wellington, O.

HOWARD COOK & SON

Breeders of Thoroughbred
Ayrshire Cattle

ARE breeders of the kind that takes prizes at the pail
as well as in the show ring, last year taking second
prize in the home dairy test, and the year before first
on best cow, while every fall for a number of years
have exhibited a herd at principal state fairs of the
middle west with very good success : : :

Our breeding bull, Dunraven of Ste. Annes, 7662,
taking second place at three fairs in three years,
while our imported bull, Flash Lad, 9054, has ben
shown one year at four state fairs and took first at all.

We have for sale at all times either the American or
Scotch type, either sex, any age. : : :

HOWARD COOK & SON

BELOIT, OHIO

VERMONT

C. M. Winslow Sr Son,

Brandon, Vermont. — ^=5

Brandon is on the Rutland Division of the New York Central
R. R., on the direct line between New York and Montreal, and ■
between Boston and Montreal; 250 miles from New York, 107 miles
from Albany, 183 miles from Boston. Farm located in sight of
railroad station at Brandon. This herd was established in 1873 by
purchase of a few heifers, the best to be found, and the herd has
been headed since then by bulls from the best cows to be found,
that were noted for large dairy yield, long teats and shapely
udders. Cows with the following official yields were bred by
Winslow & Son :

Heifers in tHeir T-wo Year Old Form.

NAME NUMBER ^f^^ BUTTER

Rose Ascott 15035 5621 242

Florine Corslet 17512 5527 252

Rose Crashaw 17507 5995 269

Rose Radnor 13686 6828 282

Rose Duvall 17509 5769 283

Rose Foxglove 15038 6128 283

Rose Clockston 15026 7302 292

Olive Kilbowie 17506 6105 300

IvUlu Avondale 15033 r 6122 300

RoseClaymore 17511 6332 302

RoseEUice 13665 7066 803

Muriel Fox 15036 6685 308

Rose Dolman 13088 7409 313

Sibyl Corslet 18256 7170 317

Rose Brodick 15029 7390 324

Ivizzie Muriel 15364 7585 335

Three "Year Olds, Fovir Year Olds and Mature Co-ws.

NAME NUMBER ^f^^, BUTTER

Rose Ascott 15035 6719 308

Ro.se Foxglove 15088 6431 310

RoseDeruth 10346 7918 312

Rose Brodick 15029 7399 324

Rose Erica 12775 88&3 330

Muriel Fox 15036 7890 332

Rose Caren tine 13655 8379 346

Rose Clockston 15026 8932 351

Ivulu Avondale 1503J 7171 354

Rose Cleon 11143 7929 355

Floy Corslet 15023 7.376 360

RoseClenna 11153 7988 377

Acme 5th 10342 8183 386

lolal^orne 12773 10095 414

Rose Veritas 12076 9301 421

Acelista 12094 11856 489

Rena Myrtle 9530 12172 546

Ruth 4816 10119^

OFFICIAli RECORD OF ACELISTA, 13094, FOR FOUR TEARS

Acelista, 13094, for the past four consecutive years has had four
calves and given 40,831 pounds of milk and 1,688 pounds of butter.

VERMONT

MATTHEW HANNAH

Proprietor of

IbtU^Croft Stock farm

WEST WINDSOR, VT.,

BjffA^j 5«d J*„p?rl^j:_°f PURE-BRED AYRSHIRE
CATTLE, SHROPSHIRE SHEEP, BERKSHIRE PIGS.

Five Registered Heifers,
from two to twenty
Months old. Bred by Estate of

FOR SALE

Months old. Bre

H. A. SOULE

Two first prize winners at the Franklin Co. Vt.
Fair, 1905, in the lot. Also the Sweepstakes Cow

of all breeds at same exhibition. Write for extended,
pedigree and description to

DR. F\. B. SOULE. ST. RLBANS, VT.

L. S. DREW

Breeder of /lyrshire Cattle

Registered _„^^,3;.^t^^^

LAKE VIEW FARM,
So. Burlington, Vt,

B ROO K LAW N HERD

ESTABLISHED f869.

L. C. SPALDING d SON, pqultney, vt.

The herd now numbers Fifty Head of choice animals,
the increase of which is offered for sale at reasonable
prices. -:- -:- -:- -:-

PENNSYLVANIA

PensK\irst Farm

AYRSH I REIS.

Herd is largely composed of the best animals from
the dispersion sale of ROBERT HUNTER & SONS.
IVIaxville, Canada.

Lessnessock King of Beauty, Imp. (—16768—) ("6361") 9736.

His winnings have been phenomenal, winning wherever shown.

2nd Prize at Ayr, Scotland; 2nd Prize at Highland,
Aberdeen, Scotland; 1st Prize at Toronto, Canada,
1903; 2nd Prize at Toronto, Canada, 1904 and head
of 1st Prize Herd ; 1st prize at Toronto and Ottawa,
Canada, 1905, with Championship.

Our females are large cows of the fashionable color and
most approved type, with first class vessels and teats.

J. BLAIR RIITCHEN, Sxipt.,

Narberth P. O.,

Montgomery Co.,

Pennsylvania.

NEW YORK

^unn^eibe ^tock ^pairn,

HOME OF THE AYRSHIRES

Deep, high testing milkers, with large, well set bags
and extra long teats, «^ Young Stock For Sale.

C. Ul. Leiais $f Sons,

/lirrcd Station, D. Y.

-.J

RIVERSIDE HERD

A Y R S HIRE CATTLE

Established in 1856.

Has won more prizes at
leading shows than any
other herd. Mature cows
give from 7, ICO to 10,000
lbs. yearly. Herd test.
SMfo-4.4f, at factory. Herd
headed by the imported
champion, h o W 1 e s
RIZZAWAY, assisted
by TELFORD DO UGLAS.
the young champion.

FOUNDATION STOCK

ALWAYS FOR SALE.

Cliampiou Ayrshire Cow of America Bred by J. F. Coxversk h Co.

J. F. CONVERSE & CO., Woodvllle. Jefferson Co.. N. Y.

A.y rshires. .1^

Beaxity and Utility Combined.

.A. ^ood sHc^^ animal, a ^ood breeder and a
big producer all in one. <^ Such are tHe

animals bred end for sale at

MEADOW BROOR STOCIi FARM,

G. H, BELL. Prop., R. F. D. No. i, Rome. N. Y.

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