DEMCO Cover Photo: Cultured Blue Mussels, Rhode Island by Joseph H. Bailey Copyright © National Geographic Society The 1990 National Shellfish Register of Classified Estuarine Waters Strategic Assessment Branch Office of Oceanography and Marine Assessment National Ocean Service National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 6001 Executive Boulevard Rockville, Maryland 20852 DOCU Mi i | LIBRARY Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution # “ MINI LUT i! O 0301 €o 4 oh 7 ment oF CO July 1991 NM Project Team Dorothy L. Leonard Eric A. Slaughter Paul V. Genovese Sharon L. Adamany Christopher G. Clement Report Team In addition to the Project Team, a special Report Team was assembled and managed by Daniel J. Basta, who also provided editorial guidance. Maureen A. Warren conducted com- prehensive reviews of all draft material and coordinated production. Davida G. Remer prepared and managed graph- ics and tables for the report. Carol M. Blackwell placed and edited all copy and graphics, and prepared the camera-ready document. John J. McDonough III selected and placed the photography and helped design the cover. Mitchell J. Katz designed the original layout, conducted the final copy edit, and coordinated printing. The Project Team prepared the Original drafts and conducted quality control reviews of all final narrative and data in the report. Acknowledgements This report is a result of the dedication of many individuals in NOAA’s Strate- gic Assessment Program. In addition to the Report Team, Donald W. Field, Timothy R. Goodspeed, Thomas J. Culliton, Daniel R. G. Farrow, Anthony S. Pait, and Vernon R. Leeworthy provided supporting information on wetlands, estuaries, population, pollution, and recreation. Reviews of draft materials were provided by Charles N. Ehler of NOAA, T.C. Siewicki of NOAA (NMFS), David Dressel of the Food and Drug Adminis- tration, Carin Bisland of the Environmental Protection Agency, Donald Steffeck of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and Roy Martin of the National Fisheries Institute. The 1990 Register was produced in cooperation with the Interagency Task Force on Shellfish-Growing Waters which includes NOAA, the Food and Drug Administration, Environmental Protection Agency, and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Special appreciation is extended to the many State public health, natural resource management, and wildlife enforcement officials who provided their data and expertise throughout the Register process. Their participation made this report possible. Introduction The 1990 National Shellfish Regis- ter of Classified Estuarine Waters (Register) describes declines in estuarine water quality, decreases in the acreage of approved mollus- can shellfish-growing waters, and continuing declines in the Nation's shellfish harvests. Relationships between these declines are dis- cussed. Although declines in any given year, and even from 1985 to 1990, are not dramatic, an almost inexorable trend that threatens to destroy the harvest of wild or natural shellfish continues through- out the Nation's coastal areas. The Register has recorded changes in the classification of molluscan shell- fish-growing waters since 1966, when there were nine million acres of estuarine waters classified (Table 2). Produced every five years, the Register has evolved from a tabular report on classifications to a detailed analysis supported by an electronic data base and mapping system developed by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). The 1990 Register covers 3,172 shellfishing areas encompassing 18.7 million acres of classified estuarine and offshore waters in 23 states. The data are aggregated by 122 estuaries and sub-estuaries, most of which are identified in NOAA's National Estua- rine Inventory (NEI) (Appendix A). The current NEI does not contain data for Alaska and Hawaii. For Alaska, the data in the Register are organized by five fisheries management districts. Non-estuarine shellfishing areas extending seaward to the three-mile limit (offshore areas), account for about 1.5 million acres and are treated separately. Register Process. The 1990 Regis- ter is the culmination of five years of data collection and analysis. Following the 1985 Register, shellfish-growing waters were aggregated by estuary according to NOAA’s NEI (NOAA, 1985). The classifications of shellfishing areas could then be considered in conjunction with human activities and natural conditions across entire watersheds. This expansion of the Register data base resulted in a series of regional reports produced between 1988 and 1990 that clarified: (1) classifications of shellfishing areas; (2) water quality trends; (3) pollution sources affecting classifications; (4) State program resources; and (5) trends in landings. The 1990 Register process began in February 1990, when NOAA initiated investigations with State shellfish management agencies (Alaska and Hawaii were added to the survey and Pennsylvania was deleted). Data were collected on classified areas and compiled on 280 NOAA nautical charts. Data also were collected on pollution sources, shoreline surveys of actual and potential pollution sources, water quality sampling results, com- mercial shellfish landings, program budgets, and personnel. The 1990 National Shellfish Register _ Table 1. Classifications for Commercial Shellfish-Growing Waters a Approved (APP) Conditionally Approved (CON) Restricted (RES) Prohibited (PRO) Waters may be harvested for direct marketing at all times. Waters do not meet the criteria for approved waters if subjected to intermittent microbiological pollution, but may be harvested when criteria are met. Waters may be harvested if shellfish are subjected to a suitable purification process. No harvest for human consumption at any time. a. Harvest-limited refers to the sum of shellfish-growing waters that are classified Conditionally Approved, Prohibited, and Restricted. The 1990 classified areas were public health. The NSSP is a coop- compared with those for 1985. erative program involving states, Changes in acreage were estimated industry, and the Federal government. and entered into the Register data Since 1983, it has been administered base. Newly classified areas including through the Interstate Shellfish all areas in Alaska and Hawaii were Sanitation Conference (ISSC). The measured with an automated planime- ISSC was formed to promote shellfish ter. All chart iA ee oe sanitation, adopt data used in the Register are being digitized to provide precise acreages anda digital map data base to replace the manually maintained charts. A supplement to the 1990 Regis- ter that presents data on each (National Shellfish Sanitation Program uniform proce- dures, and The NSSP assumes that a relationship develop compre- exists between pollution from human hensive guide- activities, shellfish-growing waters, and lines to regulate human disease. Pathogens (disease- the harvesting, causing bacteria or viruses) may enter rocessing, and waters through direct discharges of Ree g untreated or poorly treated human shipping of wastes or through nonpoint runoff from shellfish. streets, farms, or construction sites. Bivalve molluscs, such as oysters, filter The NSSP large volumes of water, and concentrate requires each pollutants and pathogens. state to classify = Se shellfish-growing shellfishing area is in preparation and waters using sanitary surveys that: (1) will be available from NOAA. identify actual or potential pollution sources; (2) evaluate hydrology and Classifying Waters to Protect meteorology affecting pollutant Public Health. The National Shellfish transport; and (3) sample waters for Sanitation Program (NSSP) classifies bacterial quality (at least five times shellfish-growing waters to protect annually for each station). Waters are 2 classified into four categories de- scribed in Table 1. Table 2 shows estuarine acres classified since 1966. Public health concerns also focus on changing environmental conditions that affect pathogens, density and distribution of human pathogens, harvest practices, and the increasing risks of human disease (FDA, 1990). Enteric Diseases. For nearly a century, shellfish have been recog- nized as vehicles of foodborne enteric disease. Although the implementation of the NSSP in 1925 led to the control of bacterial pathogens such as cholera and typhoid fever, the occur- rence of shellfish-associated viral diseases (10,384 cases through 1989) has increased (G. Richards, Pers. Comm.). For example, since 1961 almost 1,400 cases of oyster- and clam-associated hepatitis A have been documented nationally. Vibrio Bacteria. Vibrios are a group of bacteria found naturally in saline coastal waters. Recent outbreaks (334 cases between 1973 and 1987) have been associated with Vibrio cholerae, V. vulnificus, and V. parahaemolyticus. Ingestion of Vibrio can cause gastroenteritis and even death, particularly in compro- mised patients. In 1988, 43 cases of V. vulnificus were reported, resulting in 18 deaths nationwide (Centers for Disease Control, 1989). However, only 27 cases and twelve deaths were linked to shellfish consumption (S. Rippey, Pers. Comm.). In Apalachicola Bay (FL), V. cholerae have been found in approved and The 1990 National Shellfish Register prohibited waters; there was no correlation between coliform bacteria levels and Vibrio (Blake and Roderick, 1983). Deaths linked to out-of-state shipments suggest that handling and transport time may affect the pathoge- nicity of the organisms. Marine Biotoxins. Shellfish-growing waters may be affected by blooms of certain species of dinoflagellates or diatoms. Blooms which produce marine biotoxins can cause a variety of human illnesses. On the North Atlantic Coast, paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) is caused by Alexandrium tamarense, which Table 2. Classified Estuarine Acres (x 1,000), 1966-1990 State 1966 1971 1974 1980 1985 1990 Maine 352 1,045 1,045 1,045 1,034 902 New Hampshire 0 0 0 11 13 13 Massachusetts 39 344 344 304 312 406 Rhode Island 96 127 127 128 135 135 Connecticut 63 318 318 392 425 357 New York 551 632 632 1,021 1,096 1,077 New Jersey 520 395 395 395 392 403 Delaware at4 =. 233 233 230 231 231 Maryland 1,198 1,454 1,318 1,424 1,375 1,375 Virginia 1,412 1,443 1,444 1,498 1,575 1,575 North Carolina 973 1,991 1,990 2,126 2,245 2,286 South Carolina 183 275 276 279 279 279 Georgia 141 204 204 204 168 168 Florida 1250) 13768" i764 930 961 1,206 Alabama 405 356 356 373 354 371 Mississippi 122, 109 106 380 433 434 Louisiana 1,011 1,763 2,468 1,781 3,358 3,394 Texas 486 1,109 1,109 1,136 1,851 1,897 California t 278 278 274 110 129 Oregon 5 29 28° 39 39 36 Washington 44 224 223 244 243 262 Alaska ND ND ND ND 0 198 Hawaii ND ND ND ND 0 18 Total 9,071 14,097 14,662 14,223 16,626 17,152 The 1990 National Shellfish Register Predominant Classifications of Shellfish-Growing Waters Figure 1. eueIsIno7 onueny unos iddississi euljoueg dNUeNY SIPPIIN = aremejag Aasiap MAN 1nNd1j9aUuUOD puejs| epouy TF equenj{suuag paljISSejoun [J Paqud jm snasnyoessey psjoujsey [| onUelY JEUOIIPUDD seas UNION LJ peroiddy Bi OdIXaIW JO 41ND ‘IWEMEH Pue eYSE\VY JO} ajqejlene jou Ayenjsa Aq eyeq ‘abeasoe jo abejusouad Jsa}easb $9}N}}UOD UMOYS LONEIIISSE|O DDE, BuO |eD produces the neurotoxin saxitoxin. Maine was the first state in the Nation to monitor for paralytic shellfish poisoning. As a result, some of the State’s productive shellfish-growing waters have been closed for most years since 1958. In the Pacific region, the main toxic species causing PSP is Protogonyalaux catenella. Neurotoxic shellfish poisoning (NSP) may result from a bloom of the dinoflagellate Ptychodiscus brevis. Restricted to the west coast of Florida until the late 1980s, P. brevis recently caused blooms in Texas and North and South Carolina, and all four states have developed monitoring and assay programs at considerable cost. Amnesic shellfish poisoning (ASP), caused by acid released from the diatom Nitzschia pungens has re- cently been identified in mussels from Canadian waters. The disease, which has recently become a concern in the North Atlantic region, causes both gastrointestinal and neurological disorders, and is assayed using high performance liquid chromatography. Diarrhetic shellfish poisoning (DSP), caused by several species of Dinophysis, has been identified in Japan, Europe, and Canada. Be- cause the symptoms of DSP are easily confused with those of other enteric diseases, U.S. cases may have gone unreported. Through the use of NSSP marine biotoxin guidelines which require monitoring and tissue assay, coastal states have generally succeeded in eliminating toxic shellfish from com- mercial distribution. However, recre- ational harvesters are often unaware The 1990 National Shellfish Register Table 3. Distribution of Classified Estuarine Waters, 1985 and 1990 Percent Classified North Atlantic Middle Atlantic South Atlantic Gulf of Mexico Pacific Total of biotoxin risks, and may ignore warnings if waters are not discolored. Accordingly, the majority of PSP cases in the United States result from the recreational harvest of clams and mussels (Nishitani, 1988). National Overview Information collected on the status of 3,172 individual shellfish-growing areas in the U.S. is presented for five Table 4. Classified Offshore Acres (x1,000), 1990 Harvest- State Approved Limited Maine 884 0 Massachusetts 349 45 New Jersey 206 59 California <1 <1 Total 1,440 104 The 1990 National Shellfish Register Table 5. Pollution Sources Affecting Harvest-Limited Acreage, 1990 a.b North Middle Atlantic Atlantic Acres % Acres % y Acres % Point Sources Sewage Treat Plants 238 67 6G4i 37 Combined Sewers 21 6 224 20 Direct Discharge 1 <1 84 7 Industry 21 Ty 223, 20 Nonpoint Sources Septic Systems 91 26 123 11 Urban Runoff 75 23 655 oO Agricultural Runoff 5 3 130 (2 Wildlife 19 Ue ie. 10 Boats 55 17 S53 3 Upstream Sources Sewage Treat Plants 2 1 104 9 Combined Sewers 0 0 5 «l Urban Runoff 3 1 UZ 6 Agricultural Runoff 0 (@) 1 ™ OYSTERS SCALLOPS MUSSELS million pounds by 1990. By the end of 1990, the region's oyster landings were the highest in the Nation. Recreational harvest of many natural stocks is still significant (NOAA, 1991a). Figure 12 shows landings in millions of pounds of meats for the principal harvested species by state in the region. Overall commercial landings of molluscan shellfish in the region are the lowest in the Nation. However, Pacific oyster culture has grown steadily, followed by increased aquaculture in clams, mussels, and other species. The oyster culture began just after the turn of the cen- tury, and expanded to almost 11 46 Landings by Major Bays. Morro Bay was one of the State's leading produc- ers of Pacific oysters until the 1970s. However, increasing sewage contami- nation reduced landings to 179,000 pounds in 1979, and to 18,000 pounds in 1984. The harvest declined further to 12,000 pounds in 1985, and finally to zero in 1990. Drakes Estero is now the southernmost major source of oysters in the region, producing over 700,000 pounds annually. Humbolat Bay oyster landings dropped from 1.5 million pounds in 1962 to about 500,000 pounds in 1988. The primary reason was increasing restrictions imposed following rainfall, when fecal coliform leveis exceeded standards. However, the State and local industry developed an innovative cooperative management program which will reduce closures. Tillamook Bay oyster production declined dramatically from 588,000 pounds in 1968 to 300,000 pounds in 1985, where it has stabilized. The primary reason for this decline was runoff from agricultural activities, especially dairy farm operations. Recently, clean-up efforts by local farmers and municipalities have improved the quality. An annual oyster harvest of about five million pounds from Willapa Bay represents about half of Washington’s production. This harvest is almost 20 percent of the Nation’s oyster produc- tion, making this estuary the most productive per acre of surface water in the Nation. At the same time, shell- fish-growing water closures in Willapa Bay in 1990 resulted from increases in men Is left to local governments. Pacific human activities, including clear- cutting of timber. As a result, many local conservation initiatives have been undertaken. Puget Sound leads the region’s landings with over 13 million pounds annually. Subtidal scallop and mussel harvests increased, while intertidal oyster and clam harvests remained steady. To maintain this production, Washington committed significant resources to monitoring the pollution effects caused by rapid population growth as well as the increasing problem of nonpoint pollution in the area. Consequently, the amount of management funds per acre is higher for Puget Sound than for any other estuary in the Nation. Landings by State. The production of oysters in California increased from 1.2 million pounds in 1985 to 1.5 million pounds in 1989, primarily from aquaculture in Drakes Estero, and Humboldt and Tomales bays. At the turn of the century, San Francisco Bay led the State in oyster production. However, exploitation, pollution, high mortality rates, and poor reproduction ended commercial harvest by 1939. Landings of clams (40,000 to 440,000 pounds) and mussels (150,000 to 335,000 pounds) are highly variable across the State. One of the most successful mussel culture operations takes place on oil platforms in Santa Barbara Channel. However, most harvest, other than oysters, is by recreational fishermen. The responsi- bility for protection of recreational shellfish-growing waters and fisher- Ann Pacific Oregon oyster landings remained steady at about 400,000 pounds between 1985 and 1989. Similarly, annual mussel landings remained at 50,000 pounds. Clam landings declined from 99,000 to 64,000 pounds. Marine biotoxic plankton blooms reduced the scallop harvest from 205,000 pounds to zero. Washington is the largest producer of shellfish in the region, harvesting over 18 million pounds in 1989. Harvests of oysters, clams, scallops, and mussels have all increased. Four species of scallops were harvested, more than in any other state in the Nation. Scallop harvest increased from 51,000 pounds in 1985 to 307,000 pounds in 1989. Alaska was once a major producer of razor clams. After reaching a peak of 16 million pounds in 1916, over- harvesting, paralytic shellfish poison- ing, and market conditions eliminated - commercial landings by 1961. After receiving approval for its Shellfish Sanitation Program in 1975, Alaska began to rebuild its shellfishing industry. Species currently harvested include razor clams, littleneck clams, and geoducks. However, overall landings declined from 1.1 million pounds in 1985 to about 700,000 pounds in 1989. An aquaculture- based oyster industry had its first landings (106,000 pounds) in 1989. Local growers are beginning to explore the aquaculture potential in Alaska’s high-quality classified shellfish-growing waters. 48 Pacific Good water quality allows Pacific aquaculturists to produce nearly half of the Nation's oysters. Courtesy of Dorothy Leonard, NOAA 49 Concluding Comments This report has described declines in estuarine water quality, de- creases in the acreage of approved molluscan shellfish waters, and continuing declines in the Nation’s Shellfish harvests. Although declines in any given year are not especially dramatic, an almost inexorable trend that threatens to destroy the harvest of wild or natural shellfish continues through- out the Nation’s coastal areas. The six percent decline in approved shellfish-growing waters from 1985 to 1990 (736,000 acres) was accompa- nied by a 1.2 million acre increase in prohibited waters. These changes were primarily the result of expanding coastal development, represented by A notable example of the impact of coastal development on shellfish- growing waters is the increase in harvest-limited waters (about 50 percent) affected by pollution associ- ated with recreational boating. In- creases in recreational boating in many coastal areas have resulted in a proliferation of marinas, many of which do not have facilities to collect Or process sewage. Many marinas are located in or near productive shellfish-growing areas, as are the housing and other facilities related to such development. Consequently, in 1990 pollution from boating and marinas affected more than 25 percent of the harvest-limited shell- fish-growing waters in half of the shellfish-producing states. increases in harvest- shellfish growers, “The real. _ Aquaculture. Declines limited acreage (1.2 mil. | According tomolluscan An Increasing Role for | lion acres) affected by urban runoff, faulty septic | systems, marina develop- | ment, and buffer zones around sewage treatment battle is to mitigate the impacts of humans. No clean water, no oysters.” (Fitzgerald, 1989). | in approved shellfish- _ growing waters have _ been paralleled by id declines in the harvests plants. The rate of decline in ap- proved acreage is highest in the most productive estuaries such as Chesa- peake Bay, the Mississippi Delta Re- gion estuaries, and Puget Sound. The coastal drainage areas affecting these estuaries already receive some of the heaviest pollution loads in the U.S., a condition that is not likely to change as development continues. NOAA previously reported that between 1960 and 2010, the coastal population will grow from 80 million to more than 127 million, an increase of almost 60 percent (Culliton et al., 1990). of wild or natural stocks of molluscan shellfish. A continued decline in the water quality of productive estuaries in combination with the problems of over-harvesting and disease, may eventually eliminate the natural harvest of shellfish. Successful aquaculture operations in estuaries such as Willapa Bay have shown that sustained production can be achieved. However, aquaculture requires access to both high quality water and a nearby land base. In addition, successful aquaculture 50 requires exclusive use of parcels of land and water, often competing with other uses such as swimming, boat- ing, fishing, and navigation. Although well-established in a few estuaries, Concluding Comments data have only been collected and analyzed on pollution sources, land- ings, and state shellfish programs since 1985. Thus, the inferences on aquaculture is not yet encouraged by many existing laws and regula- tions governing private access to public lands and approved shellfish-growing \_ 1990. | ment resources were | _ reduced in half of the _ Nation’s shellfish-producing period between 1985 states between 1985 and | harvest are based most _ heavily on a five-year _ and 1990. Data collection for the 1995 waters (South Carolina Sea Grant Consortium, 1989). Without increases in aquaculture it is likely that harvests of estuarine molluscan shellfish will continue to decline, as they did in the 1990 statistical year according to the most recent data from the National Marine Fisheries Service. Beyond 1990. Although reporting on the classifications of shellfish-growing waters began with the 1966 Register, Register will begin in late 1994. If trends reported in the 1990 Register continue, the 1995 Register will reveal further declines in approved and conditionally approved shellfish-growing waters, and in harvests of wild stocks. Continued declines in the resources necessary for states to monitor, classify, and manage waters may reduce further the Nation’s ability to sustain wild and natural stocks of molluscan shellfish by 1995. 51 References : Anderson, R.S. 1988. Effects of anthropogenic agents on bivalve cellular and humoral defense mecha- nisms. In: Disease processes in marine bivalve molluscs. Bethesda, MD: American Fisheries Society. 18: 283-242. Andrews, J.D. and S.M. Ray. 1988. Management strategies to control the disease caused by Perkinsus marinus. American Fisheries Society. Special Publication. 18: 257-264. Andrews, J.D. 1990. The oyster industry, its plight and its revival on natural beds. Unpublished paper. Gloucester Point, VA: Virginia Institute of Marine Sciences. 7 pp. Bender M.E. and R.J. 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Outbreaks of shellfish-associated enteric virus illnes in the U.S. : Requisite for development of viral guidelines. Journal of Food Protection. 48(9): 815-823. Shumway, S.E., S. Sherman-Caswell, and J.W. Hurst. 1988. Paralytic shell- fish poisoning in Maine: Monitoring a monster. Journal of Shellfish Re- search: 7(4): 643-652. Siewicki, T.C. 1988. Shellfish-associ- ated illnesses and their control. Unpub- lished paper. Charleston, SC: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administra- tion, National Marine Fisheries Service. 13 pp. Sinderman, C.J. 1976. Effects of coastal pollution on fish and fisheries with particular reference to the Middle Atlantic Bight. Lawrence, KS: American Society of Limnology and Oceanogra- phy. In: Proceedings of Symposium on the Middle Atlantic Continental Shelf and the New York Bight. 2:281-301. South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control. 1988. Statewide water quality assessment. Columbia, SC: Bureau of Water Pollution Control. pp. 69-94. South Carolina Sea Grant Consortium. 1989. Aquaculture. Charleston, SC: Coastal Heritage. 4(2). 12 pp. 56 Strategic Assessment Branch. 1989. National estuarine inventory supple- ment 3: Physical and hydrologic characteristics—The Mississippi Delta system estuaries. Rockville, MD: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 17 pp. Tester, P.A., P.K. Fowler, and J.T. Turner. 1989. Gulf Stream transport of the toxic red tide dinoflagellate Ptychodiscus brevis from Florida to North Carolina. Beaufort, NC: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administra- tion, National Marine Fisheries Service. 10 pp. Virginia Sea Grant College Program. 1990. A plan addressing the restora- tion of the American oyster industry. Charlottesville, VA: University of Virginia. 64 pp. Welsh. B.L. 1991. Dissolved oxygen regimes and shellfish recruitment. In: Proceedings of the eleventh annual shellfish biology seminar. Milford, CT: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service. p. 8. Wenczel, P. 1991. Long Island Bay scallop reseeding efforts: Life after the brown tide. In: Proceedings of the eleventh annual shellfish biology seminar. Milford, CT: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service. p. 20. Personal Communications S. Barker, Maine Department of Marine Resources, West Boothbay Harbor, ME. R. Benton, North Carolina Department of Human Resources, Moorhead City, NC. C.E. Bryan, Texas Parks and Wildlife Department, Austin, TX. V. Burrell, Marine Resources Research Institute, Charleston, SC. L. Byrd, Alabama Department of Public Health, Mobile, AL. T. Candies, Louisiana Wildlife and Fisheries Commission, Baton Rouge, LA. D. Cannon, Oregon Department of Human Resources, Office of Environ- ment and Health Systems, Portland, OR. J. Cirino, Mississippi Department of Wildlife Conservation, Gulfport, MS. R. Cole, Delaware Department of Health, Dover, DE. R. Collins, California Department of Fish and Game, Sacramento, CA. B. Croonenberghs, Division of Shellfish Sanitation, Virginia State Department of Health, Richmond, VA. C. deQuillfeldt, New York State Depart- ment of Environmental Conservation, Stony Brook, NY. References P. DiStefano, Maryland Department of the Environment, Baltimore, MD. R. Dugas, Louisiana Wildlife and Fisheries Commission, Baton Rouge, LA. W. Eisele, New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection, Leeds Point, NJ. S. Ford, H.H. Haskin, Shellfish Re- search Laboratory, Port Norris, Nu. A. Ganz, Rhode Island Department of Environmental Management, Wakefield, RI. K. Hansgen, Environmental Manage- ment Branch, California Department of Health Services, Sacramento, CA. B. Hastback, New York Department of Environmental Conservation, Stony Brook, NY. D. Heil, Florida Department of Natural Resources, Tallahassee, FL. K. Hemphill, Louisiana Department of Health and Human Resources, New Orleans, LA. M. Hickey, Massachusetts Department of Fish and Wildlife, Sandwich, MA. R. Howell, Delaware Department of Health and Social Services, Dover, DE. J. Hurst, Maine Department.of Marine Resources, West Boothbay Harbor, ME. T. Johnson, Johnson Oyster Company, Inverness, CA. a7 References J. Joseph, New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection, Leeds Point, NJ. C. Judy, Maryland Department of Natural Resources, Annapolis, MD. J. Lilja, Washington State Department of Health, Olympia, WA. C. Lunsford, Virginia Water Control Board, Richmond, VA. B. Marcotte, Maine Department of Marine Resources, West Boothbay Harbor, ME. M. Marshall, North Carolina Shellfish Program, Division of Marine Fisheries, Morehead City, NC. J. McGurk, Washington Department of Social and Health Services, Olympia, WA. J. Migliore, State of Rhode Island Department of Environmental Manage- ment, Division of Water Resources, Providence, RI. K. Moore, South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control, Columbia, SC. W. Outten, Maryland Department of Natural Resources, Annapolis, MD. H. Pendell, Oregon Department of Agriculture, Portland, OR. R. Perkins, Alabama Department of Health, Mobile, AL. 58 P. Raiche, New Hampshire Depart- ment of Health and Human Services, Concord, NH. S. Ray, Texas A&M University, Galveston, TX. D. Relyea, Flower and Son, Inc. Bayville, NY. G. Richards, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Washington, D.C. T. Rippen, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Hampton, VA. S. Rippey, U.S. Food and Drug Admin- istration, Davisville, RI. J. Seiforth, New Hampshire Depart- ment of Health and Human Services, Concord, NH. W. Sieling, Office of Seafood Market- ing, Maryland Department of Agricul- ture, Annapolis, MD. T. Smith, Pacific Oyster Growers Association, Seattle, WA. J. Speaker, Rhode Island Division of Water Resources, Providence, RI. P. Stacy, Connecticut Department of Agriculture, Hartford, CT. K. Taberski, San Fransisco Bay Region Water Quality Control Board, Oakland, CA. A. Taylor, Maryland Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, Baltimore, MD. B. Thompson, Florida Department of Natural Resources, Tallahassee, FL. R. Thompson, Texas Department of Health, Austin, TX. F. Vang, South Carolina Water Re- sources Commission, Columbia, SC. J. Veazey, Georgia Department of Natural Resources, St. Simons, GA. M. Voisin, Motivatit Seafoods, Houma, LA. J. Volk, Aquaculture Division, Con- necticut Department of Agriculture, Milford, CT. G. Ward, Center for Water Resources, University of Texas, Austin, TX. References P. Wells, California Department of Health Services, Lompoc, CA. R. Wetherell, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Davisville, RI. D. Whitaker, Massachusetts Depart- ment of Fish and Wildlife, Sandwich, MA. L. Wiegarat, Jolly Roger Pacific Oyster Co., Ocean Park, WA. K. Wiles, Texas Department of Health, Austin, TX. C. Wiley, Virginia Department of Health, Richmond, VA. H. Winter, Maine Department of Marine Resources, West Boothbay Harbor, ME. De) The fertilization process of the American oyster (Crassostrea virginica). Courtesy of Robert F. Sisson, National Geographic Society 60 Appendices AemIGINEGNETOQNVAM 2 2 2 oa. wt 2 ee w | 62 B. Classification by State . . . . . . . . . . 64 GaClassiicationby Estuary . . - » +» »« » » « 67 MMPoWuHONSOUrCeS . . . » « «+ » «+s = » 88 Embangings Oy Slal@ wl el F. State Shellfish Programs... . . ss GF GMGIOSSAVe wes tt ee ee UCU OD 61 Appendix A: The NEI Program National Estuarine Inventory The goal of the National Estuarine Inventory (NEI) is to develop a com- prehensive framework for evaluating the health and status of the Nation’s estuaries, and to bring estuaries into focus as a national resource base. The principal spatial unit for which all data are organized is the estuarine drainage area, or EDA, defined as that land and water component of an entire watershed that most directly affects an estuary (NOAA, 1985). EDA bound- aries coincide, where possible, with U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Hydrologic Cataloging Units within which the head of tide of an estuary falls. These data are being used to make comparisons, rankings, statisti- cal correlations, and other analyses related to resource use, environmental quality, and economic values among estuaries. The cornerstone of the NEI is the National Estuarine Inventory Data Atlas, Volume 1: Physical and Hydrologic Characteristics (NOAA, 1985). This atlas identifies 92 of the most important estuaries of the conterminous U.S. and presents information through maps and tables. These estuaries represent approxi- mately 90 percent of the estuarine water surface area and 90 percent of the freshwater inflow to marine waters of the Atlantic, Pacific, and Gulf of Mexico coasts. Volume 2, Land Use Characteristics, presents area estimates for seven categories and 24 subcategories of land use, as well as population 62 estimates for 1970 and 1980 (NOAA, 1987). Land use estimates come from the USGS Land Use and Land Cover Program and are compiled for three Spatial units: (1) estuarine drainage area; (2) USGS hydrologic cataloging unit; and (3) counties intersecting EDAs. Population estimates are compiled for EDAs only. Volume 3, Coastal Wetlands --New England Region (NOAA, 19839) presents wetlands acreage estimates for 12 wetland types in 16 EDAs and 42 counties from Maine to Connecti- cut. The data are a subset of those presented in this report. Computer- generated color maps of selected EDAs are also presented. Volume 4, Public Recreation Facilities in Coastal Areas (NOAA, 1988), presents data for Federal, State, and local recreation facilities in 327 counties bordering tidally influenced water and 25 estuary groups. A total of 1,589 public agencies that owned | and/or managed outdoor recreation sites and facilities in coastal areas provided data for the inventory. Other NOAA projects contributing data and information to the NEI include the Estuarine Living Marine Resources program, the quality of shellfish- growing waters and related projects, the National Coastal Pollutant Dis- charge Inventory, and the Outdoor Resource Economics program. The NEI represents the most consistent and comprehensive set of data describing the Nation’s estuarine resource base. Additional Activities A number of additional NEI activities are now under way or planned. Based on the review of Volume 1 of the NEI by estuarine scientists and State and Federal resource manag- ers, several areas have been identi- fied for improvement in future editions. New Estuaries Added. New estuar- ies of local or regional importance have been added. Eight estuaries in Oregon have been added due to their biological importance to coastal fisheries. Five new EDAs have been delineated to represent the original Mississippi Delta Region because of a need for increased resolution. A limited number of additions to other portions of the Pacific, Atlantic, and Gulf of Mexico regions have also been made. A new NOAA report, Estuaries of the United States, Vital Statistics of a National Resource Base, updates the NEI. The report provides information on an expanded number of EDAs (102), including physical and hydro- logic features, natural resources, economic activities, and pollution susceptibility. These EDAs and the counties falling within their boundaries are the units for which all NEI data are now collected. The wetlands data presented in Appendix D are orga- nized according to this framework. Improved Salinity Resolution. Another recommendation was to improve the resolution of the salinity regimes mapped for each estuary. Based on a study of Mobile Bay to Appendix A: The NEI Program determine if bottom and surface Salinities could be mapped in zones of five parts per thousand increments for periods of high and low flow, an effort to compile data for EDAs along the Gulf Coast is now nearing completion. This detailed depiction will character- ize the effects of freshwater inflow, tides, and wind on salinity patterns more completely than the three average annual salinity zones de- scribed in Volume | of the NEI. Other Projects. A project focusing on the agricultural use of 28 selected pesticides on 71 crops in 78 EDAs was completed in 1989. Future NEI volumes on additional topics are also planned. For example, a project to characterize the distribution and abundance of fishes and invertebrates in estuaries began in 1985. To date, information has been compiled on 103 species in 83 estuaries on the Pacific, Gulf of Mexico, and South Atlantic coasts, and information is currently being compiled for 62 species in 34 North Atlantic estuaries. 63 tion by State ica Classif Appendix B 0 9k 8bE 022 8re 982 Lv Lv oLk vi ev ev 0 gL 0 v 0 0¢ Bl Nee 89 0 L 0 0 C 0 LLE 2g ZZbL Zs vss 0 LLE GS ZL SS vSS Cc |> 0 0 0 0 0 0 0661 S86L daaljonpoid-uoN /YSI|]S4S-UON G92 As Eve's orbs 809'S 86r‘S GLS‘L GZS‘ | GLE'L GLE'L Lez? Le? G92 2S €0r Z6E 899 ver ZL0'4 960'1 LSE S@p Gel Gel 681 LZ 822'L 0 ZEL‘L LoL‘h OL’ LyL‘L 6bE 0 Le S6 99g G6 ont El rss ) 206 Pe0'L 98Z'L ved'l 0661 S86L paijisse|a jB}O] 6 zs 889 96S Lb 89 Sik 6LL er Gc 8g 61 6S zg Lol 6LL Ost BAL Sgt Z0Z L9 Gp QI 61 v8 Zk Sv 0 ZEE Eli LLE ELL Sb 0 Get 6 08 €Z z Z 0 0 G6L 8 S6L €8 0661 S861 payiqiyoid 0 0 Zlé 8lZ L12 8l2 cel 9c1 91 Z 0 > () (6) CO L¢e co Le |> 0 Lv v9 v Hew 0 0 0 0 LL Zk LL ZL 0 (6) & G tS) G Z I (6) (6) L OL L Ol O66L S86L pe}oujsey “JUUI] BjILU-Bds4} BY} 0} PIeEMeSS PUa}xa Suayem BuImosH-Ysi||ays BIoUSHO “q ‘JayEMEAS PUP Ja}EMYSAJ} UBAMJ9q BUOZ UO!}ISUEJ} AU} JO SOW YBnosYy} pua}xa suayem BHulmos6-ysi|jays auuenjsy ‘e 0 0 LlzZ zsh L1z ZSl OL Le €9 0 8 8 0 0 TA 0g Lz 02 r8 LZ 9 9 Lo 0c Z | 0 0 6 oL 6 OL 0 0 Z [> Z 0 0 0 0 0 Vl, Ll Z LI 0661 S86L jeuonipuog 902 0 Leer 08b'b Lev‘p O8r‘r LLE'L OO€' | €S2 | Skea OLt 602 902 a) Ore Aaa, 9PP Z&? 808 €c8 eve OLe v6 96 cOk 86l EEZ'L 0 LEZ 000‘t plo? 000°! 6re (a) Lil 99 IC” 99 v v ste) 0 669 626 8S 626 0661 S86L peaoiddy asJ0YSHO auienjisz 12}0] SHUPI}Y SPP eIUIBIIA pure Ae aueme|aq BOYSHO aUuen|sy Kasia MON yWIOA MON jndIJOSuuOyD PUue|S| BPO4Y s}jasnyoessey| asousyoO auuenisz JB}O] DULY YON BIOYSHO auLen|sy s}Jasnuoessey| AMUSAWEH MAN 9 asO0YS]HO pouuen|sz Sule a}e}S/uoibay (OOOL X S819) O6EL-S8EL SpussL UONBIIJISSe|D 64 tion by State 1ca Classif Appendix B 0 0 902 £8 902 €€8 Cc Cc 0) Sv 0 0) C Cc cOZ vel 0 0 06E€ 62b 06€ 62t 6ZE 697 Ol Ol | 0 0 0 0661 S86L dAljonpoid-uoN /YSI}|[9YS-UON 0 0 $60'Z £¢8'9 S60°L £v8'9 468'| LS8"| v6E'e 8SE'e ver cer LZe Se 866 Lv8 0 0 OVS = S08 Ov6'z s08‘2 802 vil 891 891 622 622 9822 Spe? 0661 S86l Payisse[D [B}0) 0 0 sovz —- 6 P9'L sov'z GPL £02 ZZ€ Z8l‘k —- 908 99 Ot raat 98 LSe 8Lz 0 0 0€9 zLg 09 ZL9 Lv Ze StL cOl 8b 89 Lov 9017 0661 S86 payqiyoid 0 0 col S8E cOL S8e 0 0 0 €8e ZS td 0 0 or 0 0 0 col Sl ZOL SL G9 tes G vi O€ 0 ! 0 0661 S861 pejouysoy “}IWI| S}ILU-B9sY} BY} 0} PYeMeAS PUAd}Xxa Sua}eEM HuIMOJH-YS||aYS BIOYSHO “gq ‘JBTEMESS PUL JA}EMUSAJ UBAMJ9q BUOZ UOI}ISUEJ} BY} JO SOW YBNOIU} PUa}x9 sya}em Builmoi6-ysisjjays aueN}sy “e 0 0 ESL‘L Zbl‘ eSi‘b Zvb'h ZEl 4 LZe Op ve yar LLz LL? ver eee 0 0 6LL 28 6LL 28 €9 Ze 0 0) 6 6 lv 9€ 0661 S86L jeuolipuod 0 0 vev'é 299'€ vers z99°E 8S0'L GLY | S88 | OrZ't LL? eS ZS ZS ZS\ 8EC 0 0 1607 9602 L60°2 9602 OV OV 8YP LS c6l LO¢ cl €08' | O66L SS6L paaoiddy a410YUSHO aupenjsz JE}O] ODIXIIJ JO JINH Sexo] eueISINO] \ddississi\ eueqe|y epuo|s gq e4OYUsHoO pouHenjsy BJO] DPUeI}Y YINOS epuo|s eIB1085 BuljoueD YINOS BulloleDd YON aje}s/uolbay ("1U09) (OOOL X S849) O66L-S861 SpussL UO!}EDISSe|D 65 Classification by State Appendix B S09 0661 OSPb LSV S86L aalonpoid-uoN /YSI}|J94S-UON bes‘ 2g ESL‘ZL = 9Z9°9L 46981 829‘9L LeS [> £¢9 26€ v9 Z6E 8k 0) 861 ) 792 eve 9€ 6€ i \> 621 OLL O€l OLL 0661 S86L paijisse|D je}0] vol 2g Loe'v ZEL‘€ Loeb 6LLE L> 0 Loz ZSL z02 ZS\ 8 ZS 0 0) lg 8b Al vl \> 0 rll +6 Git v6 0661 S86L Pelqiyoid “}ILWI| B]lW-9a14} By} O} PYeMBaS pUa}xa suayeM HulmosH-ysI|jays BIOYSHO “Gq 0 0 0 0 29r 9&9 LZg‘L Z9r'L Z9r 9€9 LLS‘L FAS] aa 0 o 0 0 LE Z EZ OZ Le Zz eZ OZ 0 ) L> 0 0) ) ) 0 62 0 ob or | 0 Gl ral 0 0 0 0 l A A! ZL | Z rl rl 0661 S861 0661 S86L pa}ojsey jeuo}IpuoD Orp'L 0 £98'0L = Lov'LL £0e‘Zt LOPLI |> |> 8e& v9OL See v9L 0 0 861 0 O€l 8rl 8 vi |> |> rc Cc re a O66L S861 penoiddy ‘JAJEMEAS PUL JAa}eEMYSAJ} UBAMJ9q BUOZ UO}}ISUBJ} BY} JO JsowW YBnNosUy) pua}xa ssayem HuimosbH-ysi|jays aueN|sy “e as0ysyoO aupyen|syz 12101 S'N a10ysyoO ouenjsz 12}0] D1j19ed EME H BYSE|V uo}Hulusen uobaiO qg aOYSYO pouuen|sy BIUJOP|ED ajyejs/uoibey (JU0D) (OOO! X S849) O661-S861L Spud!) UO}PDIJISSe/D 66 Appendix C: Classification by Estuary North Atlantic _ : Maine New Hampshire Al \s Gyo Estuarine Drainage Areas Passamaquoddy Bay Englishman Bay Narraguagus Bay Blue Hill Bay Penobscot Bay Muscongus Bay Sheepscot Bay Casco Bay Saco Bay Great Bay Merrimack River Massachusetts Bay 12a Boston Bay 13. Cape Cod Bay Massachusetts 12 ane pO H- OOAN DAF WNM LA Note: Sub-estuaries are in italics bz Classification by Estuary Appendix C “Sole}l Ul ase SOUENISE-GNS ‘OGG U! S9JOe QOO'9G PUP GB6| U! S8JDE QOO'ZZ| PA|E}O} YOIYM “SUOHEOYISSE|D SAIONPOJG-UON/YSH||9YS-UON Ge BADGE UMOYS JON :9}ON ‘aBeaioe Ou ‘— ‘payiul|-jsansey “JH :suoleiMaiqqy Le LE €9 69 €SL‘ZL gz9‘9t «6=-s LG*'b Zz‘ rAs) a) 2) Lisi, ¢cOPL S98'OL Lop‘Ly je}o) jeuoNeN Le ral 69 988 cock LPL L ces. séELL LL Zt 6 OL Lez o000'1 JE}O] DNUeI}Y YON ce OG 29 =«6 691 LLL eg € | Z Z | ELL GO| JBYO QI Z v8 = €6 0g 6b 8 € = = L> L> Ay Sv Keg poo adeo OO! QOL = = og 6 Zé G @ Pv - = = — Aeg uojsog og ZL 0g ‘&¢ Sil 9S Z6 Al [> [> = = ec p Keg syjasnyoessey\ 0Ol O01 =: = Z Zz } Z = [> = = = = JONIY YORWIS/\ Al. GL 82 Gz vl Gl v Ol Zi @ = = v v Keg ead SEF = cel z9Sts«é8B v2 v2 8 rd |> | i om LZ Aeg 09eS €z LL ZL 68 Lvl 6El Ze rAd | | | 2 Sil Al Aeg ooseg 82 ev Ges ZS v6 p9 92 €Z = rAd = rd 89 Ze Keg joosdeeys Ol 9 06 v6 vl 69 Z zZ = | I>? 99 gg Aeg sn6Buoosny\ ec «6 LE L6 ose ~=s«@BE 09 «= od = € v € Gl2 = Sve Aeg joosqouéd = 7 OOlL 96 8b el [> € = = = = 8b Wz Aeg |IIH anig € Z 16 86 rAd se | | = = = [> Lp €8 Aeg seBenbeuen ool g = G6 4 29 € 4 = | | L> = v9 Aeg uewys}|6u3 ZI GI €8 8 Ov Ov Z 9 = = = > ee ve Keg Apponbewesseq O66l S86L O66 S86L O66- S86L O661 S86L O66 S86 O661 S86L O661 S86L TH % peroiddy % je}OL Payqiyoid payoujsoy jeuol}ipuoD paaoiddy Aaenys3 (O00‘L X Sasdy) JURY YON (oe) © Appendix C: Classification by Estuary Middle Atlantic | Pennsylvania Island J — Connecticut 5] New Jersey Maryland aA Delaware Estuarine Drainage Areas 1 Buzzards Bay 12 Chesapeake Bay 2 Narragansett Bay 12a Patuxent River 3. Gardiners Bay 12b Potomac River 4 Long Island Sound 12c Rappahannock River 4a Connecticut River 12d York River 5 Great South Bay 12e James River 6 Hudson River/Raritan Bay 12f Chester River 7 Barnegat Bay 12g Choptank River 8 New Jersey Inland Bays 12h Tangier/Pocomoke Sounds Dy eee Note: Sub-estuaries are in italics 10 Delaware Inland Bays 11. Chincoteague Bay 69 Classification by Estuary Appendix C 91 = Ok rg sé 68 LL = = ef eI |> [> OZ 9 Janiy yoouuRyeddey 8 Ss 26S L6 G92 —s «92 A ce P P rl I pre pS2 JONI DEWOJOd = = = = - = - — = - = = - = JOAIY JUaXN]eg 9 4 v6 96 g08'l S8Z'l ASA 4 ee ge ev Al LOZ't 80Z'L Aeg ayeadesayo G @ 86 86 LOL 901 \> Le @ @ = 7 66 vOl Keg anbeajoouiy9 GE 9E G9 v9 61 61 € v = = S € cl cl skeg pueju| aieme|aq 9¢ ib vl €8 €ov Eov vol G9 L La g g LLE LSE Aeg asemejaq ES ES 69 69 49 ZS el OL |> |> 8 Z OV 6€ skeg pue|u| Aesiae MON tbo 9¢ «9G Le LE OL Ol = = 9 9 LZ lz Aeg yeboauieg ool OOl . = c0c Sree WSS Oe 0d 89 89 > = Keg ueyeYy/JaAly UOSPNH ev oe ZS 89 Lol col LG BS L> = Gl iS; 89 c8 Aeg yjnos jeal5 oot OOt = - G G 5) is, a Cc — - am - JOAIY INDJI@UUOD Za SE €8 v8 veo'l tOL tL 8clt LOL 6€ AS) 9 9 6S8 926 punos pur|s| 6u07 c c 86 86 91 9cl c c = a L hea vel vel Keg siaulpses €€ AS 249 89 Lvl Lvl Le Go v |> Le 02g v6 96 Keg yesuebeuen 8YV L cS €6 col 7AS ZS 6 = a L ez v9 Lol Aeg spuezzng 0661 S86l O661 S86L O66- S86lL O66 S86l 066+ S86l O66L S86l O66 S86lL TH % paaoiddy % je}OL Pa}qiyold pe}d14jSey jBuol}IpuoD poaoiddy Aaenysy (O00 x Saud) SHuUeNY xIPPIN © Classification by Estuary Appendix C “SOle}| Ul Qe SAUENJSO-GNS ‘QGE] UI S1De QOO'PGE PUL GBB] U! SAJDB OOO'GZZ PaE}O} YOIYM ‘SUOIJEDIJISSE|O SANONPOIG-UON/YSIj||9YS-UON A1e SBAOGE UMOYS JON ‘:9}ON ‘aBeasoe OU ‘— ‘pajiwi|-}SeveY ‘JH :SsuoieiMaiqqy LE Le le = Sk rod 8 b Z ool O€ be “O} 88 co CE O66 S86L 1H % £9 69 62 28 Eve's c8 c6 EE?) 96 86 v0c = OZ joy 62 06 Ev CO 8] 09¢ 82 Hed cv O661 S86L 0661 peaoiddy % ESL'ZL 929°9L orr's GEC SEC LL ev 85¢ cov S86L Je}O] L£Se‘v LZ7L‘€ 79p 989 889 96S Zig = 8ke 8E Zt L C L> L L [bie c C L> L Vv v L L GLE GHL 98 £9 = v 6 g O66 S86l O66l S86L Poaqiyold payoujsey LZS‘L 29b‘L Zle 2st Z i Z Z 9 2 S = Z Gh ie [> O661 S86L jeuoljipuod £9801 LOp‘LL Je}O] JEUOHeN L2z'b O8b'y 1210] ONUENY e|PPIW 681 GL2Z JEYIO G6L c&o punog eyowoo0g/sa/bue | a Vi JOAIY yue}doYD ve 6€ JONIY 1AJSAYD ZS SV JOAlY Sawer ec c& JOAIY YIOA O661 S86L peaoiddy Asensy ("1U09) (QOO'L X Se49Vy) DHURI}Y B/PPIN 71 Appendix C: Classification by Estuary South Atlantic North Carolina South Carolina Georgia Florida = Estuarine Drainage Areas 1 Albemarle/Pamlico Sounds 10 Savannah River 1a Pamlico/Pungo Rivers 19 Ossabaw Sound 1b Neuse River 12 St. Catherines/Sapelo Sounds 2 Bogue Sound 13 Altamaha River 3 New River 14 St. Andrew/St. Simons Sounds 4 Cape Fear River 15 St. Marys River/Cumberland Sound 5 Winyah Bay 16 St. Johns River 6 North Santee/South Santee Rivers 17 Indian River if Charleston Harbor 18 Biscayne Bay 8 St. Helena Sound 9 Broad River Note: Sub-estuaries are in italics 72 Classification by Estuary Appendix C OOl OO! = aa ck cl cl Al! = - = a = = JOAlY PYRWEYY v9 9S 9E vv vv vv 8c Se) = L = = Gk 0c SPS Ojades/seuayyed 3S v8 G8 QL Gl Ol OL 6 |> a 6 = ™ c c Ppunos MEQeSSO L8 GZ 6L Ge ov LE €€ €¢ I = a = 8 8 JOAIY YEUURARS pL GL 92 = «Gz El All 6 6 [> = [> [> € € JOA peag L v 66 96 Olt LOL ie G L> = |> L Olt GSI PUNODS BUs|9H IS OOt OO| = = ve ve Zap 61 re = G G 7 = JOQIEH UOJSSYEYO 6€ LL L9 68 9€ 9€ L> v vi 7 L> L> Go TAS SIOAIY BBJURS “S/B9]ULS “N 48 28 el | Gl Ze ec IL = «6 L 8 = | [> € € Aeg yeuln €9 Z9 LE ee Gc Zé vl BL a = c a 6 6 JOA Jea4 adeg OV Lv 09 a €¢ €¢ 6 6 = a = = vi El JOAlY MON 67 Lv LS €G 69 69 ib 8 = sy 9¢ ve 9E OS punos enbog ch EGE 8S = G9 L6 OLL GE «9E _ - (3) A [ate ol JOAIY aSneN OL 8 Et 06 «28 evs 9LS pS =9 = ~ Z rs 98r 6br SI@AIY OBUNG/ODI|WIPg 02 Bl 08 c8 60S | IZrt €0E 9c — = rd L vOcl 9021 SPUNOS OdI|Wed/SPEWag|y O66 S86L O661 S86L O66 S86l O661 S86L O66 S86L O661 S86L O66- S86l IH % paroiddy % }2}0] Payiqiuold payojsey jeuoinipuog poaoiddy Auen}s3 (000‘L X Sesd) SUEY YINOS 73 Classification by Estuary Appendix C ‘0661 Ul S810e QOO'OGE PUL Ggbl U! Sel0e OOO'6Zr Pal|e}o} YoIYyM ‘sease BAIONPOId-UON/YSI}||@YS-UON G1 BADGE UMOUS JON :B]ON ‘punos ‘ps ‘aBeasoe ou ‘— ‘payiwi|-lsensey ‘JH :suoNeiMeiqay Ze LE €9 #69 ESI‘LZL 929'9L LGe'b LZL‘€ c9v =9E9 LZS‘L 29p‘L €98'0L LOp‘LL [2}0] JEUOIeN 66 38S LZ. SL ove'z s08'2 0€9 L\ Zt €S vS Ge Ol ce 9¢ Ol Ol Cc Ls EL 8 Sv ce 0c 0¢ GE Lv Zt eo 9 = O66- S86L PeHqyoid €8e = = a os Le ct ZS Cc Ze 92 = = Lhe Lle v = 9V = ae = 0S = = = O€ ZE = = cel cel Ht = SI vi 6€ = S9 eZ = = gt = - 7. € € = = ee eZ O661 S86L O66 S86L Pe}oljsey Jeuol}ipuod OZ 1 691 GLE O8l ma eV 5 eS = |> € S 8 9 BE OV eS = 8¢ 8¢ O66+ S86L poaaoiddy UIBIPIEYDJUOd AYe7T aublog aye7 punos !ddississi\ Aeg algo Aeg Opipied Keg ejooesudad Aeg aayoyeymejoouy Aeg maipuy 1S Keg ejooiyoejedy Aeg sayorjedy JOAIY B8UUEMNS Aeg eduwe, Aeg ejoseses JAAIY eayajeyesoojeg JOqIeH ayoyeyD Keg Aiayooy spue|s| puesnoyu|, ua, YON spurs} puesnoy| ua} ynos Aeg epuoj+ Auenjs3 (O00‘L X Saud) ODIXaWy JO FIND 76 by Estuary ion t Ica Classif Appendix C Zee te 7S Ob 89 OL c6 18 99 al eg Zz be ZL 6 Sh se ve th 98 lz r9 IS OO Ol Zl BL zg ze al eh ae 2 OO O01 SG 0661 S86L TH % “SOIJEY Ul BIE SAUN]S9-GNS “UMOUS JOU Je OGG} Ul S819e 0OO'9OZ PUL GEG} U! S819e QOO'EER DUI|E}O} SUO!ED'ISSE|D BANONPOIG-UON/YSI||9YS-UON :9}ON ‘aBeas0e OU ‘— ‘paliwi|-]SesueY ‘JH :SuOeIAaqqy €9 #69 8b soo eo 0S Ls 61 Ge 8&8. Lv 66 BL OL €8 28 G9 «£6 9L =«6B vi sz 9€ 6Y 8c Go Sk sl 8888 92... ‘92 €6 L6 0661 S86L paaoiddy % ESL‘ZL 92991 S60°2 SOv 82 OLL 80r 6EL Siz Lvl Lv ZOV L 0661 €v8'9 68€ Ol Ol Zev bri €e2 OS| 9V Og} | S861 eyo] ZSe'v Lee sore 6H9'L €02 = 861 92 8 jz EL Zig g O€ Ge 9€ Lv Le OL ee O€ 9 ra Giz vs 69 69 Lv Ov vse SBE € € Ll? onl Lv QV Lp 8S O66 S86L payiqiyoid c9V 0661 9€9 S86l peyl4}jsey LZS‘k 29p'L ect LULL EL GL v9 v O€ = ey _ 61 = LEN See 6€ 6€ rAll LZ Se ge O66 S86L JBUudl}IPuod £980 LO LL vere z99'€ O€l OLL c c 6E l6 L6L ZIV 601 601 6Z1 Est cLl Lve 002 ee L G Gv GLI 9¢ UL Zél col 862 862 VIL vit 6c0'} vc0t O66 S86L paaoiddy je}O4 |euoNeN J2}0| ODIXaWW JO J1ND J8YIO aipeyy eunbe7 4aM07 Aeg uiyjeg aipeyy eunbe7q eddy Aeg isuug sndiog Aeg sesuely Aeg oluojuy ues Aeg epiobeyey\ JOAIY SOZe1G Aeg uojsanje5 Bye] BUIGES aye] naisegjeg skeg uoljilmua,/eAejeyyoyy skeg Jaljequil| /auuogaia | Aeg eueyeseg JaAly Iddississi/\ spunos inajapueyo/uojaig Asenjs (JUOD) (DD0'L X SA1dV) ODIXEW JO JIND | fle Appendix C: Classification by Estuary Estuarine Drainage Areas 1 Tijuana Estuary 2 San Diego Bay 3 Mission Bay 4 Newport Bay 5 San Pedro Bay 5a Alamitos Bay 5b Anaheim Bay Santa Monica Bay Morro Bay Monterey Bay 8a Elkhorn Slough Washington 9 San Francisco Bay Nya 9a Central San Francisco Oregon San Pablo/Suisun Bays e. 10 Drakes Estero (16> 11. Tomales Bay 12 Eel River NY 13 Humboldt Bay 14. Klamath River 15 Rogue River 16 Coos Bay By 17 Umpaua River (old Winchester Bay) 18 Siuslaw River 19 Alsea River 20 Yaquina Bay 21 + Siletz Bay 22 Netarts Bay 23 Tillamook Bay 24 Nehalem River 25 Columbia River a D Q 26 ©Willapa Bay 27 Grays Harbor \ 28 Puget Sound California 28a Hood Canal > 8a 28b Skagit Bay Note: Sub-estuaries are in italics 78 by Estuary ion t Ica Classif Appendix C 6S vv 68 GL OO!t OOL OOl OOL €?o 6c OOL oO OOl OOL OO!t OOL OOt OOL ool - O66L S86L 1H % Lv 9S LL Le O661 S86L peaoiddy % g 9 AYE LL 91 91 Z 9 Si iS G9 G9 Zl ZI ! IL c c | _ Gk = 0661 S86L Je}O] Z € € Z el Zk L — G9 g9 QI QI | [> | L L =— Cyl - 0661 S86 payiqiyosd O66 S86L paloujsey 0661 S86éL jeuolpuod c € € c c O66 S86L paroiddy JOAlY enbdwj Keg soon JaAly enBoy JOAlY YYEWe| Aeg ypjoquiny JOAY |985 Keg sajewol O1a}SQ Seyeig seg unsins/ojged ues /OOSIOUBI4 UBS [PUD Aeg oosiouei4 ues yBnojg woyy/F Keg Aaiauoy\ Aeg oop Aeg eoiuoyy ejueS Aeg wieyeuy Aeg sojiwely Aeg O1pad ues Aeg uolssip\ Keg o6aiq ues Asenysy euenti, Asenjs3 (000‘} X Sa19y) D119Bq © TE) Classification by Estuary Appendix C “SOIjEY Ul Ge SAUENISE-GnS “UMOYS JOU a1e OG Ul S8I9e OOO'Zrr'z PUe G86} Ul Ses9e 0O0'S87'e Bulje}0} SUOEdYISSE|D BAONPOIG-UON/YSH||BYS-UON :O}ON ‘abeouoe Ou ‘— ‘payiwl|-lsauey ‘JH :suoNeiMaiqqy Ze ic £9 69 ESi‘ZL 9z79'9L = LSe‘p Ler‘ z9p 9€9 LZS‘L Z9b'L £980! LOb‘LL Je}0] JeUOHEN 29g 66 et 8tp =—s-:« EGE 9st 8Sk 0& — b> E Zl heg bes be le 9Z CL LL Zl c L [er = |> a 8 6 jeueD pooy lp Ov €S 09 €9 LS le Ze = = é L> ve ve punos ja6nd 0OlL O01 = = 09 09 ZA 7A! = = eb soe = = soquey SAes5) G € c6 6 06 06 € € Z = = = 8 18 Keg ede|iiM OO — = = Z = rd = = = = 7 = = JOA BIQUIN|OD IG Zk 6b 88 € Z Z [> a = = = zZ Z JOA WA/EYaN OOl O01 = = 6 6 € € = - vi l = = Aeg yoowe||! | = = 0Ol OOl rd @ = = = = = = re rd Keg suejeaNn = AS a 89 = L me \> = = = = = L Keg Z\a|IS OOlL vb = 9g v 4 Zz rA = = Z a = ra Aeg euinbe = OOL = = = 4 = Z - = = = - = JOAIY BAs|y = 001 = = = zZ = Z > = - = = = JOAIY Me|SNIS 0661 S861 O661 S86L 0661 S86L O66 S86L 0661 S86L 0661 S86L O66. S86L IH % panoiddy % Je}OL payqiyoid payoyseay jeuolipuod panoiddy Auen}s3 ("1U09) (000‘L X Se49) D11I9ed 80 Appendix C: Classification by Estuary Alaska and Hawaii | : 2 HAWAII > Alaska Shellfish-Growing Areas 1 Southeast 2 Yakutat 3 Prince William Sound 4 Cook Inlet 5 Kodiak 81 by Estuary _ ion t Ica Classif Appendix C ‘KJOJUBAU| BULENISF JEUOIEN S,YWON JO Ued Jou ae Kau} aouls Ajayesedas pajsi| aie ing uo!ba oWIOeg Au} U! Payeoo] ave IeMeH pue eyse|y “e ‘0661 10 SEG] Ul eBHeauoe aniOnposd -UON/USI|JOYS-UON SACU JOU PIP I'EMEH “UMOUS JOU Be OGG] Ul Sde QQO'Z pue GR6| Ul Sa0e O19Z Hulje}o} ENS] 10} SUOHEDIJISSE}O SAIONPOJG-UON/YSIIJBYS-UON :a]ON ‘abeasoe Ou ‘— ‘payiul|-jsesuey ‘JH :suoleiMaiqqy Ze Le £9 69 O66L S86L O66+ S86L 1H % panoiddy % ESL‘ZL 9Z9°9L St BI O66 S86I hed § 0 £scy Lee gl 0 Bl = 0 0 O66 S86lL Pelqiyold c9V 9€9 O6El S86L pajoujsey LZS‘L 0 0661 Jeuol}Ipuod 29p'h 0 S861 €98'0} LSl el é |> Le 0661 Lop‘ LE 0 S861 poaoiddy je}O) jeuoNeN je}O] WeMmeH (seasy |I\y) !eMeH je}o] eysely 18YyO yeIPOY }9/U] YOOD PUNOS WEl|||M SOU yeINYeA jSeayINOS eYSe|Y Baly/91e1S e (000 X Seudy) HEME} puke eyse|y 82 : Pollution Sources Appendix D 83 soe}! Ul ale SeueN|se-qns :a}0N ‘pajoaye abeaioe ou ‘— ‘Buneog ‘51g ‘ayl|PlIM “TM ‘yrouns jeunyjnouBbe ‘OYUW ‘youns ueqIN ‘COUN ‘sodas ‘q3as :Aysnpul ‘GNI :a6seyosip Joop ‘qq -|!BJJNO JeMas PBUIquOd ‘OSO ‘jue|d juawyeds} aBemas ‘41S :suoieinaqaqy v S 0 0 9 Zz LZ 692 cie clOL Zee 2EEL L 0 L € - Zz | — — Z = g oso dls IM OV OHYN weaijsdp Sl SZL‘L SL gs v c S148 vz LL Ze 9€ zsc'k 669 see‘z Szee'c S L LZ 92 61 S Gl L6 cA! v vl 61 9 | € Z l = 62 [> L> = Al | [> - [> |> = = | @ = = v L> # = re OL = = | All = = @ e = = Z 6€ ase — _ L> = = = | |> = = 2 IM oOuW OHN das yuIOduON OL OL 9 9€ abeainy payuiiy-saAieyH % WO WHOL zee 66e¢ jejO] jeuoNeN 9 0 9 89 abeainy Payuiiy-JSaAi2H % L? = 02 EZ J2}O] Bue NY YON € - |> Lé J8UIO | |> |> I> ob Keg poo edeg | 9 =; LL c Aeg uojsog rd a 6 68 Aeg sjjasnyoesey\ [> = - Z JOAIY YORU | | - - Z Keg yeald | - - 8 Aeg o0es - ~ - Zz Aeg ooseg 9 a = Gl Keg }oosdeeys [> = - v Keg sn6Buoosny\ 2 [> ee 6E Keg joosqoudd | = a = = Aeg |IIH anig | - - - - Keg seBbenbewen = - - € Aeg uewysi|6ug = = = v Keg Apponbewesseg > GNI fafa) oso dls JUulod Asenys3 | (0001 x Sesdy) ONUe;IY YON | Pollution Sources Appendix D es = = = = 9 Ee Ee o G = = L JONIY JOA i = = = = Zl = ZL. (>= OL i = ~ (: JOAIY YOouuUBYyeddey = = = L[> - P [> SL L> 6 L |[> = 9 JOAIY IEWOJOd = = = = as ms es as = = = _ _ - JOAIY JUaXNed © - = G - ob 96 92 96 Or v2 lho = - Lt Keg ayeadesayo e a = = = ro = [> = | L — - M Aeg anbeajoouiy9 is = = = = [> ee L> S € = = - v skeg pueju| aiemejaq | = = = = G v Ge O& | 6I 62 € = = Ge Keg areme|9q | = za Ss = = LL 9 = 6L c = = _ - skeg purjuy Agsuer Man = | | = = El = = 91 n = = = = Aeg yebauieg | = = v Z = | = v 1 ey | Qh 89 8zl ek Aeg ue We Y/J8AIY UOSPNH | & ws a = = 6Z 9 € Iv G - - - [> Keg uynos jeas5 i =f - = 2 S = = = = = = = bP JOAIY JNIYI@UUOD c = 6 € 6r Se) 7 8 © col OL 6 Z v8 6El punos purjs| 6u07 = = = ee = f 2 | f i _ - | | Aeg suaulpied eee el = LL QL |> | Z é 9 6 Z ez Aeg yesuebeuen Olea. 2 sO = Lt 6 8 ee 8 |> |> % Ol Aeg spiezzng WM OHV ON Oso dS 514 iW OH8V OHN- das GNI aq oso dis weaijsdp jyuloduon JUI0g Asenysq | (000'LX Saud) SHUEY aIPPIN & Pollution Sources Appendix D CH! 1M cLE OuV 9b rd ELo'l cb 9 0 cL S Gy}! = gL OHN oso dlS weaisdy Sl SZL‘L o€ O14 vc LL eSSk 669 6 (as CLL cv ISS = 1 nN ® © + - 6 Ze S8E‘zZ vs |> 8S Ww OuvV OHN juloduon das “SOle}! Ul Que SaeN|sa-qns :a}]oN ‘pajoaye abeasoe ou ‘— ‘Buljyeog ‘51g asl/PlIM “TWA youn jeunynoube ‘OY ‘youny ued ‘OUN ‘sodas ‘44S :Ausnpul ‘GNI :e6seyosip joauip ‘qq ‘|/eJjNO Jamas Peulquwiod ‘OSD ‘jue|d juawjeas) aBemas ‘41S :SuoNeIAsIQqy OL Zv0'l gl vec DI! L> fies GSI GNI QL 9 LIOE 8b Z gL v8 zz qq osod julOd (yu09) (000 Lx Sez0y) ONUENY SIPPIN | 9€ 662'2 €S PO}LWI]-JSOAIEH % Je}O] JEUOIEN POW ]-JSOAIEH % J2}0] DULY SIPPIW JOUuIO spunos ayowos0g/Jalbue | JOAly yuejdoYyD JOAIY JA}SAYD JOAY Sower Asenys3 85 : Pollution Sources Appendix D IM Ou¥vV OYUN oso dls weaisdp cl Le 914d [> vi v v v |> L [bts | = L L> rs cc = iS aa vl |> [Le Le 91 G Ge 6 4 Zvi bk Ouv ON juIoduoN spunos puRyequing/ Suey 1S SPUNOS SUOWIS ‘}S/MaJpUY “1S JOA PYBWEYY spunos ojades/seuaujeg 1S | punos meqessoO JOAIY YBUURACS JOAIY peoig PUNOS BuUa|aH ‘1S JOQJeH uo|seyeYyD SIBAIY BA]URS *S/B9JUeS ‘N Keg yedulM | JOAIY Jeo4 odeg JOAIY MON punos enbog JOAIY ASNEN SIAAIY OBUNG/OII|WIEg SPUNOS OOdl|Wed/e|JeWaq|y Asenjs3 (O00‘L X Se4dy) SUEY YINOS © © Sources ion Pollut. Appendix D v 692 v SE S cle 0 0 IM OV ON OL é LZ ELOE cel ZOE L 0 L fi a 6 =: = IL OSD dls weaisdpn gt GZL‘L Zt ork ee O14 ve ZgG‘h Lb LE 669 S8E‘Z 82 ve Geez «+t 6% C Gv = SOL a v OuV OHN juloduon 9€ GZE'? ve sole} Ul que Sauenyse-qns :aloN ‘pajoayje abeasoe ou ‘— ‘Huljeog ‘D1 g ‘aysl|plim “TM ‘ylouns yeunynouBbe ‘OUY ‘youns UequN ‘OHM ‘sondes ‘44s ‘Aujsnpul ‘qn :abseyosip oauip ‘qq {|/ey]NO amas PaUIqUOD ‘OSD ‘jue|d juaw}eas aHemas ‘41S ‘:suoeiaiqqy 91 Lv0'l LZ 6LL Z GNI SL 9 9¢ LLO‘L =628€ «6 6z'Z L 0 Fb paywWi7-JSAMeH % S aco ULE [e}01 ONUeNY YINOS = = Ge JBYIO Keg auhkeosig POPU! -}SBAIEH % JE}O] JEUOHEN a a 06 JOAlY UPIPU| = = v JOAY SUYOP ‘1S aq OSD dls JUuIOd Asenysy ("}U09) (O00‘L X Sa497) D1}URI}Y YINOS 87 Pollution Sources Appendix D L> bee ZS = ZS =a Ca Sepcee =a = ve OL ve = cl OL € € az An ae € = EAS = a rer — _— _ Z _ am OHV OHN oso dS weaisdny 1d > Za mM OV OXN juloduon dis LV GNI = N | | €8E = by qq oso dls JUlod JOAlY ICdISSISSI|\ Spunos sinajapueYyD/uo}a1g UIEJUIEYOJUOd @YL7 aublog aye7 | punos iddississij\ Keg aliqow Aeg opipiad Aeg ejooesudd Aeg aayoyeymejoouyn Aeg maipuy 1S Aeg ejoolyoejedy Aeg aayorjedy JOAIY BA8UURMNS Aeg edwe, Aeg ejoseses JOAIY Bayojeyesoojey JOqJeH ayoyeyuD Keg Aiayooy Spur|s| PuUeSNOU| Ud] YON spur|s| puesnou| ud, yjnoS Aeg epuo|+ Asen\sy (O000‘L X Se4dV) ODIXBW 40 JINH jee) jee) Sources ion Pollut Appendix D youns jeanyjnouBbe ‘Quy ‘}jouNJ UedIN ‘OYA ‘sodas ‘44S ‘Adjsnpul ‘GNI v S 9L rd Le 6Gc-cle ClOl chi Zee 1 9 ras (44 v ce Ole Str e6z Zen -PLyl as 6 = ov ie S Be _ cs v9 O08 —- = = = vl a = = Z @ = = = a vik OL Ve as a = ra € = ze = = = ‘= SOV a OES = “eG IM OV OHN OSD dlS weaijsdp St vz be Ls GzL‘L zSS‘k 669 Ssse‘z vl o€ 8 Se 20S GLL‘L LOE ZZ‘ Vall 02 = 162 Zz = = 8 Z = = € = = = v2 € Le € 9 ral = = v Ze 6 Zk | = S A @ 8l 82 G6L 68 - © S = 6 6€ lee oi | LSE = z = 2 = _ = | bie a= 519 IM OHV OXN juloduon 9€ GZE?% 8v €9L'b S8 LZ das SOE} Ul Bue SAUENISE-qnS :a]ON ‘pajoaye abeasoe ou ‘— ‘Buljeog ‘51g ‘ayI|PIIM “TM ‘juejd juawyea} aHemas ‘q|S ‘suoijeinaiqqy 9h Zv0'L vl 62S GNI ‘QBiEUSIP JO@UIP ‘Gq ‘|!e}]NO Jamas PaUIqWiod ‘QSO OL 9 ELOL -e8e GZ 9 026 LLZ 74 — L = v onus €8r 602 LZ as | = qq oso julOd 9€ 662‘ Le abealidy pajyiwiy-}]SeAJeH % JE}O] JEUOIEN abealoy paywiy-]SeAIeH % JE}O] OD!IXIJ $0 FIND JBYIO aipey eunbe7q 1amo7 Aeg uiyjeg aipey eunbe7q seddq Keg sug sndiog Aeg sesubly Aeg oluojuy ues Aeg epiobeyey\ JAA SOZe1gG Aeg uojsajes BYP] SUIQES aye] naisegjeg skeg uoljlua//eAejejyoiy skeg Jaljequil| /euuogaue | Aeg eueyeieg Asenys3 ("}U09) (OO0‘L X Se1dy) ODIXaW] JO FIND 89 Pollution Sources Appendix D IM OYV OHN weasjsdp OSO dls S14 TM a Hb ZI = | L | ay > 6 Rs [> os L a Gl OuYvV OHN juIOduON dis G9 NI Keg soog JOA anboy JOA YJeWe|y Keg ypjoquiny Aeg sajewo OJa]Sq Seyeiq sheg unsins/ojged ues /ODSIDUBI4 UBS /PUID Aeg oosiouel4 ues yBnojg Usoyy/y Keg Aasajuoy| Aeg oo Aeg eoluoy\ e]ues Aeg wiayeuy Aeg sojiwe|\y Keg oipad ues Aeg yodmen Aeg uolssi|\ Aeg obaiq ues Asenjs3 euenli, Asen\s3 (000‘L x SasdVy) D19ed S 1@>) : Pollution Sources Appendix D t ¢ OL rd LZ 692 cle ElOL 2bt ZeeL Or. 0 SL 0 QL - - ev = ob ee a are | ™M Ouv ON OSD dis wieaisdp gt SZL‘L vl LY 91d ve LL LG zSS‘k 669 S8E% Z vl (43 Le lp 26 [> [> < blo oo [ez be a A I> G2 = a Zk =: = € = = —= 8 SS = a = 7 € IM OW OHN juloduon 9€ GZE‘% 02 das SOE}! Ul ue SaueN|sa-qns :a]ON "‘pajoaye abeasoe Ou ‘— ‘Hulyeog ‘DH 1g ‘aylpyim ‘TMA ‘yJouns jeanyjnoube ‘OYY ‘youns UequN ‘QUN ‘sodas ‘44S ‘Aujsnpul ‘GN ‘e6seyosip Jossip ‘qq ‘|/e}jNO Jamas pauiquiod ‘OSO ‘jue\d juswjees} aBBemas ‘Y4rS :suoHeiaiqqy OL Lv0‘l ev Ech g el GNI OL LLO‘L C 9 fafa) julod 9 9e ese 66c¢ 0 92 = vl = Cc OSD dls ("JU09) (OO0'L X Sa4d) DIDed PO}HU!]-]SBAIEH % je}0) |euOHeN POLI] -]SBAIEH % JE}O] DIlOed J8YO ‘eg IBEYS jeued POOH punos ja6nd Joquey skein Aeg ede||IM JOAIY BIGUIN|OD JOAIY Wa/eyaN Aeg yoowe||! | Aeg SueIeN Keg Za|IS Aeg euinbe, JOAIY Bas|y JOAIY ME|SNIS JaAiy enbdwpy Auenjs3 oF Sources ion Pollut. Appendix D v G OL 69e cle slol 0 0 0 “Alo\UaAU] BULENISA [EUONEN S,VWON JO Wed Jou ose Aauy aouis Ajayesedas pajsi| ave ing uoIBal OWIOeg AY} UI PEyedo| Je |}EMeH pue eyse|y “e ‘pajoayye abeaioe ou ‘— ‘Huleog ‘D1 gq ‘ayi|pjim ‘TM ‘youns jeanyjnouBe ‘OUY ‘ound UegN ‘COUN ‘soNdas ‘gas ‘Aysnpul ‘GNI :e6seyosip JoauIp ‘qq ‘|/e}}No Jamas paulquiod ‘OSO ‘jueR|d Juawjeas}] ebemas ‘41S :suO!eIAegqy OL 9 9€ Z LZ cul i€€l 0 0 IM oOuHW OHN OSD dis weaisdy st GZL‘L €€ 9 S14 v2 LL Ze zSS'lk 669 S8E‘z 0 0 001 = = gt a = Bl IM OV OHN juloduon 9€ GE‘? 0 das OL Lv0‘L €€ 9 LLO‘L 0 zee 66272 0 9 = L PoHWIT-ISAAIEH % je}O] j|euUOIeN Pa}Wiy-JSaAIeH % je}O) WeMeH (Sealy |v) WeMeH PaHWIT-}SeAIeH % je}0) eysely 18YIO yeIPOY }a|U] YOOD punos wel||lM eu yeynyeA jseayjnoS ePYSE|V BalVy/AIE1S 2 (000‘L x Saud) Heme} pue eysely 92 Landings by State Appendix E LZL‘b 90€ cl 801 G6 1 €9v‘Z0l S888 cov 8 ve 90h LZ €€c 6 OlZ €ZOV 2e€'8 | SZE‘S 0 296 2 6861 SEL LLL v9 202 866 6ZL‘OOL 166 LL 86S 12 gE S60'9S G6L'S ol€ cSe v 8861 60S‘Z 960°L ve oLt LOZe'L 961 °90L €22'6 ZBL ES 02 60819 6248'S 96S LL6'V Z86L 8S0'E er’ l Zt ove LSE'L 908°ZLL Solel 9S Le ve ZEl 29 ce9 VI Sl LL9G LE9‘ph 997'6 0 LLL'S 9861 sBHulpueq wej9 78S‘ LLL 686'E1 9082 LZ 8er'e9 OLO'OL Svs €L6'S 9S0°SI 04S 01 0 98r'P S86L 6861 Aca Olt SE 6 8c GLE 16 9er'l Le6 2 co8 V 090°2 6r9 0) 0 0 Sl £43 vLl 060°! Zes L Cc SLL 961 OV 08 0) 0) GL QI 8861 2861 Bel 9861 sBuipue7 10}SAO (000‘L x spunod) 121g Aq s6ulpue7 6r9'L OV 6v S861 Je}OL epio| eiHioay euljoseD yINoS BUI|OIED YON onuely yynos JB}OL BIUIBIIA pupAieyy aeme|aq Aasiat MAN yWIOA MON jnoIOSsuUNy PUue|s| BPO ONURLIY 8|PPIIN JeyO] sjasnyoessel/\ aIUSdWeEH MON auley\ DHUENY YON a}e}S/uoibey 93 Landings by State Appendix E 26r' LoL €S6'8 v0c Syp9'8 Oro: oo Oo Co ~- — 6861 9E6'2Z1 999‘0l Ove Ly6'6 SY Orr Zé Ze 886l GLL‘OEL Z6L‘OL LZ €96'6 GE eck 2861 sBHulpue7 wed vo7'Stl 8£9'6 BIL 290°6 62 62 99 99 9861 ebd'bbh L18'8 ver GSI'8 66 6c1 Sle OvZ‘0E 8r6 OL 901 286 8 cOV 8Sr | eve ch 086'1 €29'8 001 Ol 6Lr'| 6861 892‘bb LZv‘OL V/N L62'8 8S ra 20S'92 OL2'¢ LIE Le Lvl €Ol S902 8861 6E8'6E QLO'LL V/N eSr 6 Gov Belt g9c‘Zl L68°¢ 69201 cel 88 c89€ Z861 evl'Ly p9z'Ol V/N GOL'8 8cr hee vEL‘% 6r9'S QLESL 202 | 9r6 LZo'? 9861 sBuipue7 10}3SA0 ("1U09) (000‘L X SpuNod) a1e1S Aq sHuilpuey] ¢ ‘686| PUe SEB] UBEMIa IIEME} UI payodas asm SHulpur| |eINJaWWOD ON :8}0N | “BIGEIIEAW JON ‘W/N :suOHeINeiqay 820'Sb Gz9'L v/N 266°S ver 60z'| 0Z1'92 vEL'S Ez vk €61'h LL2e'1 e6E'r S86l JB}O] JBUOHeEN |2}O] eYSE|V uoHulysen uobalO BIUIOP|ED JSCOD IIJ!Ded Je}O] sexe] BueISINO] iddississip\ eWege|y eBpiuo|4 OdIXay $O JINH aje}s/uoibey Shellfish Landings by State Appendix E 0 0 0 0 0 vere 82021 680'°LL 928'L €Ze‘OL jejO,. 0 0 e) ) ) ose’ 6E0'Z1 ves ‘Ol GZS‘} L166 epuo|4 ) 0 0 ) 0 0 ) 0 ) 0) eibi0e5 0 0 0 0 0 0 ) 0 0 0 eUl|OeD YINOS 0 ) ) 0 0 v8 6E GSI LOE QGP eUl|oueD YON oNUeY 4YINOS 66S S08 OLL blz vSl Spt 190‘OL LvO'LL G99‘9 €26'b jejO, ) ) ) @) 0 ZOL‘Z GPs‘9 L6aZ LO?‘ g98'z eiulBiiA 0 0 0 ) 0 02 Gg 29 Z 0 pue|Aey\ 0 ) 0 0 0 0 0 ) 0 0 aleme|aq vl S 8 0 0 986° pOLe LSr‘e Erk 'z pSZ't Kasief MAN G8S 008 801 ple vSi Or 92 201 28k 692 410A MON 0 0 0 ) ) @) 0 O€l ol OL ynoo9uUOD 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ) 0 Ze pue|s| spoyy ONUELY SIPPIN 6S2'P 692'9 G19'9 0r9'9 €z1‘9 892'02 L8v‘st ZLL‘SL ZOL‘LL €0Z‘OL je}o, V/N V/N V/N V/N V/N €GS'8l OL ‘ZL 82891 79601 068'6 sjesnyoessey @) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 vat 0 aIYSCWEH MAN 6SZ'p 6929 S199 Or9'9 EZL'9 Cr reat 6E7' | Loz ELS Suley\ ONUeI}Y YON 6861 886L L861 9861 G86L 6861 g86l L861 9861 G86L | sBHulpue7 jessniy sBHulpue dojjeos aje1Ss/uoibay | (}U09) (000‘1 X SpuNOg) 3323S Aq shulpue oS) Shellfish Landings by State Oo) Oro, oe; oO *o Appendix E SZL'9 292 S9 6LV 09 e9l 6861 09Z‘2 LSE‘Z 989 029 0) 0 987 8c 6V 60 LSI L8¢ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0) 0 0 0 0 0 8861 2861 sBulpue7 jassni See oo 2 oO ©& 9861 or Ooo? ©, Oo (© S861 LG'h 6861 S8e‘ly 296'0P 9S2 Qeer © O.1e17 iN 8861 LOZ LLY o OF So: 2): L861 sBHulpue7 dojjeos ("1U09) (O00‘L X SPuNod) a}e}S Aq sHulpue7 § €£6'02 089 9861 686] Pue GEG} UBEeMIag IleMeH Ul Payodes diam SHulpue] je1oJBWWOD ON :98}]ON “‘@|GeIIEAY JON ‘W/N :SuoHeIneiqay 768'92 S68 LL el S861 JE}O] JEUOIJEN 230] eYSe|Y uojBulyse\ uobalO BIWJOJNED JSBOD IIJ!DFd Je}O] sexo] eUeISINOT Iddississip\ eweage|y epuol ODIXaIN JO SIND a}e}S/uolbay Appendix F: State Shellfish Programs State Dollars per Acrea.b Total Classified Acres per Sampling Station® 1985 1990 1985 1990 Maine 0.07 0.08 413 714 New Hampshire 0.22 1.66 619 481 Massachusetts 0.96 0.33 1,357 3,474 Rhode Island 0.22 2.03 567 567 Connecticut 0.24 1.05 1057 888 New York 0.16 0.53 1,096 718 New Jersey 1.48 1.20 99 167 Delaware 0.26 0.25 1,679 1,686 Maryland 0.36 0.44 982 1,937 Virginia 0.34 0.38 414 788 North Carolina 0.10 0.27 863 1,610 South Carolina 1.45 1.39 750 775 Georgia 0.17 Shas! 949 740 Florida 0.38 0.29 772 969 Alabama 0.01 0.31 4,597 4,818 Mississippi 0.06 0.48 3,608 3,122 Louisiana 0.19 0.18 4,797 4,243 Texas 0.16 0.17 4,113 PTfey| California 2.65 2 fil 135750 2,150 Oregon 1.61 2.08 451 367 Washington 4.19 5.73 97 33 Alaska N/A N/A N/A 1,165 Hawaii N/A N/A N/A 2,250 Average 0.34 0.47 754 847 Abbreviations: N/A, Not Available. a. Dollar values are in constant 1989 values. b. Bold values indicate numbers lower than the median. a7 Appendix G: Glossary Approved Waters Shellfish may be harvested for direct marketing. Classified Shellfish-Growing Waters Shellfish-growing waters classified for commercial harvest. Coliform Bacteria Coliform bacteria are present in sewage and are used to indicate possible the presence of enteric pathogens of sewage origin. Fecal coliform bacteria are a subset of the total coliform bacteria group, and indicate specifically the presence of fecal material. Conditionally Approved Waters Shellfish-growing waters meet approved classification standards under predictable conditions. These waters are opened to harvest when water quality standards are met and are closed at other times. Depuration Shellfish from restricted areas are placed in tanks through which bacteria-free water is circulated, usually 48 hours before shellfish are removed for marketing. Enteric Pathogens Enteric Pathogens are human intestinal bacteria or viruses that cause gastroenteritis or hepatitis. Estuarine Drainage Area (EDA) An EDA is the land and water component of a watershed that drains directly into estuarine waters. Harvest-Limited Waters The sum of shellfish-growing waters classified as conditionally approved, restricted, and prohibited. Landings Landings refer to the quantity of shellfish harvested. National Shellfish Sanitation Program The NSSP is a cooperative program of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, shellfish-producing states, and the shellfish industry designed to control harvest and distribution of molluscan shellfish for human consumption. Offshore Waters The non-estuarine shellfish-growing waters that extend seaward to the three-mile limit are classified as offshore waters. Prohibited Waters Prohibited shellfish-growing waters may not be harvested for direct marketing. Until 1986, relaying was allowed in prohibited waters. Relay The transfer of shellfish is permitted from restricted waters to approved waters for natural cleansing, usually for a minimum of 14 days before harvest. Appendix G: Glossary Restricted Waters The shellfish-growing waters may be harvested only if shellfish are relayed or depurated before direct marketing. Sanitary Survey The NSSP requires that a sanitary survey include the evalua- tion of all factors determining the classification of waters, including actual and potential pollution sources, hydrographic and meteorologic conditions, and coliform bacteria sampling results. Shellfish The Register includes only edible species of oysters, clams, scallops, and mussels. Shellfish Culture Culture includes the propagation, planting, cultivation, and harvest of shellfish. 100 ee >- Courtesy of James L | | LTre ve . Amos, we _—— National Geo graphic Society