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PROCEEDINGS

- ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

OF

WASHINGTON.

Volume V, No. 1.
(January 3, 1901, to February 13, 1902.)
[Issued May 17, 1902. |

WASHINGTON, D. C.:
- 1902. .

\
j

\

rant

5

EP

<r
t

PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

OF

WASHINGTON.

January 3, 1901, to April 2, 1903.

WASHINGTON, D. C.:
PUBLISHED BY THE SOCIETY.

1903.

Dates or Issue oF THE PaRTS OF VOLUME V.

No. I (pp. i-vi, pp, 1-92), May 17, 1902.
No. 2 (pp. 93-166), February 14, 1903.
No. 3 (pp. 167-236), April 6, 1903.

No. 4 (pp. 237-334), June 15, 1903.

Publication Committee for Volume V.

Ro.Lia P. Currig, te H. G. Dyar, |. E. A. ScHwWaARz
L. O. Howarp, Won. H. ASHMEAD.

?

List or Members Revisep to Marcu 1, 1902.

HONORARY.

* Leuchart, Rudolph.

ACTIVE.

. National Museum.

. Department of Agriculture.
. National Museum.
. Department of Agriculture.
. Department of Agriculture.

Ashmead, Wm. H.,
Banks, Nathan.
Barber, Herbert S..
Benton, Frank,
Busck, August,

Caudell, A. N., . Department of Agriculture.
Chittenden, F. H., . Department of Agriculture.
Cook, O. F., . Department of Agriculture.

. Department of Agriculture.
. National Museum.
. Department of acti naactapee
tral High School.

. National Museum.

Coquillett, D. W.,
Currie, Rolla P.,
Dodge, C. R.,
Doolittle, A. A.,
Dyar, Harrison G..

pegsececeedcas
os

Fairchild, D.G, . : , U. S. Department of Agriculture.
Gill, Theodore N.._. : . Smithsonian Institution. —
Gould, H. P., : : . +. U.S. Department of Agriculture.’
Hay, W.:P.; : : . Howard University.

Heidemann, Otto, ; : . U. S. Department of Agriculture.
Howard, L. O., ‘ : . U.S. Department of Agriculture.
Hunter: Wi Diy. : . U. S. Department of Agriculture.
Jones, John D., E ; ; 831 Eighteenth street N.W.

Judd, S. D., . : : . U. S. Department of Agriculture.
Karlsioe, W. J., : ; . 1124 Connecticut avenue N.W.
Kotinsky, J., ‘ : 5 . U.S. Department of Agriculture,
Kuehling, J. H., : d . 1208 Pennsylvania avenue N.W.
McGee, W J, ; : . U.S. Bureau of American Ethnology.
Mann, B: Pickman, . : : U. S. Patent Office. :
Marlatt, C. L., ; : . U. S. Department of Agriculture.
Matthes, Francois E., ‘ . U.S. Geological Survey.

* Deceased.

iii

Morris, Edward L.,
Patten, John D.,
Pergande, Theodor,

Pollard, Charles L., .

Prat.
Quaintance, A. L.,
Schwarz, E. A.,
Schweinitz, E. A. de,
Simpson, C. B.,
Smith, Erwin F.,
Stiles, Ch. Wardell,
Sudworth, G. B.,
Swingle, W. T.,
Vaughan, T. W.,
Waite, M. B.,
Wilcox, E. V.,

Ainslie, C.N.,
Alwood, Wm. B.,
Baker, C. F.,
Ball, E. D.,
Barber, H.G., .
Barnes, Wm., .
Bethune; C. J. S.,

Blanchard, Frederick, .

Bock, Geo. W.,
Bruner, Lawrence, .
Casey, T. L.,

Chambliss, Chas. E., <

Cockerell, T. D. A., .
Cooley, R. A.,
Cordley, A. B.,
Davis, G. Ca, .

Dalla Torre, K. W. von

Dietz, Ottomar, .
Everette. Willis E., .
Fall, H. C.,

Felt, E. P., .
Fernow, B. E.,
Fletcher, J.,
Gillette, C. P.,

. Western High School.
720 Fifteenth street N.W.

. U. S. Department of Agriculture.
U. S. National Museum.

. U. S. Department of Agriculture.
College Park, Md.

. U. S. Department of Agriculture.
U. S. Department of Agriculture.

. U. S. Department of Agriculture.
U. S. Department of Agriculture.

. U. S. Department of Agriculture.
U. S. Department of Agriculture.

. U. S. Department of Agriculture.
U. S. Geological Survey.

. U. S. Department of Agriculture.
U. S. Department of Agriculture.

CORRESPONDING.

- Rochester, Minn.

Blacksburg, Va.

. Leland Stanford Jr. University, Palo Alto, Cal.

Fort Collins, Colo.

. 241 West 135th street. New York, N. Y.

152 East Prairie street, Decatur III.

. London, Ontario, Canada.

Tyngsboro, Mass.

. 1319 Hickory street, St. Louis, Mo.

Lincoln, Neb.

. Vicksburg, Miss.

Columbia, S. C.

. East Las Vegas, New Mexico.

Bozeman, Mont.

. Corvallis, Ore.

Los Angeles, Cal.
Innsbruck, Austria-Hungary.
140 Nassau street, New York, N. Y.

. 1318 E street, Takoma, Wash.

191 North Raymond avenue, Pasadena, Cal.

-. Room 27, Capitol, Albany, N. Y.

Ithaca, Neve:

. Ottawa, Canada.

Fort Collins, Colo.

iv

' Goodell, H. H.,
Graef, Edw. L.,
Harrington, W. H.,
Fart; 0. A.
Healy, John L.,
Henshaw, Samuel, .
Heymons, Richard,
Hine, Ji Sev c er
Holland, W. J.,
Hopkins, A. D.,
Johnson, C. W.,
Johnson, W. G.,
Kellogg, V. L.,
Kincaid, Trevor,
Kirkaldy, Geo. W.,
Knaus, Warren, .
Koebele, Albert,
Kulszynski, Vladimir,
Love ha G es
Luetgens, A.,_.
McNeill, Jerome, .
Mally, F. W.,
Marlatt, F. A.,
Martin, John,
Montandon, E. L.,
Morgan, H. A.,
Motter, M. G., .

*Ormerod, Miss E. A.,

Osborn, Herbert, .
Palm, Charles,
Patton, W. H.,
Pettit, R. H.,
Popenoe, EK. A.. .
Richardson, W. D.,
Roberts, C.H ,
Rolf, Ps: H:;
Sanderson, E. Dwight, .
Schmitt, P. Jerome,
Schwarz, H.,

Sherman, Franklin, Jr.,
. 71 East 87th street, New York, N. Y.

Sherman, G. D., Jr.,
Sirrine, F. A,, ..
Slingerland, M. V.,

Smith, John B.,

. Columbus,

. Amherst, Mass.

40 Court street, Brooklyn, N. Y.

. Ottawa, Canada.

Urbana, III.

. Rogers Park, Chicago, Ill.

3 Mercer Circle, Cambridge, Mass.

. No. 4, Invalidenstr. 43, Berlin, N.W. , Germany.

Columbus, Ohio.

; Pittsburg, Pa.

Morgantown, W. Va.

. Wagner Institute, Philadelphia, Pa.

2027 Seventh avenue, New York, N. Y.

. Stanford University, Cal.

Seattle, Wash.

. St. Abbs, Wimbledon, London, S. W., England.

MacPherson, Kan.

- Honolulu, H. I.

Cracow, Austria-Hungary.

. 80 East 55th street, New York, N. Y.

14 West 17th street, New York, N. Y.

. Fayetteville, Ark.

College Station, Tex.

. Manhattan, Kan.

Champaign, III.

. Bucarest, Roumania.

Baton Rouge, La.

. 633 North 16th street, Philadelphia, Pa.

Torrington House, St. Albans, England.
Ohio.
172 East 64th street, New York, N. Y.

. 30 Washington street, Hartford, Conn.

Agricultural College, Mich.

. 303 Fillmore street, Topeka, Kan.

Fredericksburg, Va.

- 74 West 119th street, New York, N. Y.

Miami, Florida.
Newark, Del.
Beatty, Pa.

. 1520 Lafayette avenue, St. Louis, Mo.

Raleigh, N. C.

Jamaica, L. I., N. Y.

. Ithaca, N. Y.
Slosson, Mrs. Annie T.,

38 East 23d street, New York, N. Y.

. New Brunswick, N. J.

* Deceased.

v

Stedman, J. M.,. . . Columbia, Mo.

Summers, H. E., . . . Ames, Iowa.

Uhler, P.R., . . . Peabody Library, Baltimore, Md.
Urich, F. W., . . . . Victoria Institute, Trinidad, Br. W. I.
Webster, F. M., . . Wooster, Ohio.

Weed, C.M., ). <0 2° + Durham, No.

Weith, Rudolph J.,. . Elkhart, Ind.

awencel: TH, W.,) 0 . TTIS Moore street, Philadelphia, Pa.

Wheeler, W. M., . . Austin, Texas.

Wickham, H. F., . . Iowa City, Iowa.

Wolcott, R. H., . . . Grand Rapids, Mich.

Zabriskie, J. L., . . . Waverly avenue, Flatbush, L. I., N. Y.

vi

PROCEEDINGS.

JANUARY 3, IQOI.

The 157th regular meeting was held at the residence of Mr. E.
A. Schwarz, 230 New Jersey avenue N.W. The President, Dr.
Gill, occupied the chair. The following members were also
present: Messrs. Johnson, Schwarz, Benton, Morris, Kotinsky,
Busck, Heidemann, Vaughan, Caudell, Ashmead, Swingle, Cur-
rie, Karlsioe, Kuehling, and Hopkins; also, Messrs. Gould and
Barber, visitors.

Officers for the year rgo1 were then elected, as follows: Pres-
ident, Dr. H. G. Dyar; First Vice-President, Mr. W. G. John-
son, Second Vice-President, Mr. E. A. Schwarz ; Recording Sec-
retary, Mr. Rolla P. Currie; Corresponding Secretary, Mr.
Frank Benton; Treasurer, Mr. J. D. Patten. Additional mem-
bers of the Executive Committee: Dr. L. O. Howard, Dr. T.N.
Gill, and Mr. C. L. Marlatt. Dr. Dyar was elected as Vice-
President of the Washington Academy of Sciences for the Ento-
mological Society.

Prof. Trevor Kincaid, of the University of Washington, Seattle,
Washington, and Prof. E. D. Ball, of the Agricultural Experi-
ment Station, Fort Collins, Colorado, were elected correspond-
ing members of the Society, and Prof. H. P. Gould, the newly
appointed Entomologist of the Maryland Experiment Station, and
Mr. Herbert S. Barber, active members.

Under the head of Short Notes and Exhibition of Specimens,
Mr. Caudell showed fifteen larve of the Chestnut Weevil (Balanz-
nus rectus Say), all taken from one chestnut. Mr. Johnson said
that he had taken six or eight larve of this species from a single
chestnut of the ‘‘ paragon” variety. Mr. Ashmead asked whether
this was the same species of weevil as that which attacks the
chinkapin. Mr. Schwarz stated that it was not, and said that the
acorn species could at once be distinguished from the chestnut
species by the difference in the length of the beak. It was inter-

2 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

esting, he said, to watch the males and females during the time
of oviposition. Both sexes, to all appearances, perform the same
act, the female boring a hole in the acorn in which to place the
eggs, the male feeding upon the acorn from the hole bored by
the female. In reply to a question asked by Mr. Morris, Mr.
Schwarz said that the Chestnut Weevil is not so abundant in the
North as in. the South. Dr. Gill spoke of a larva of a beetle be-
longing to the family Calandridez, occurring in Trinidad, which
was there considered a great.delicacy by the natives.

—Prof. Hopkins exhibited specimens of a Scolytid beetle, sent
to him from South Africa under the name Xyloterus lineatus,
and an example of its work. This insect, he said, is not this
species but a new one, and also represents a new genus which he
has called Scolytoplatypus. It was named by him from specimens
occurring in Japan, and he thinks that it has been introduced into
South Africa from that country.

—Prof. Johnson reported two cases of serious injury done by
the White Ant ( Zermes flavipes Kollar) in the city of Baltimore.
The first case mentioned was in achurch. The supporting posts
and some of the woodwork above had been very extensively
honey-combed by the termites, necessitating a thorough disinfec-
tion with carbon bisulphide and more substantial rebuilding at a
cost of $1,800. The other and still more serious case of the same
nature was in a private residence. Here the insects had worked
through three floors and into the cherry library cases on the third
floor, completely riddling the timbers throughout. Prof. John-
son exhibited a portion of a timber taken from the house, show-
ing the work of the termites. Similar but less destructive cases,
such as that in the Ohio State University and those recorded by
Dr. Hagen in New England, were mentioned. Mr. Ashmead
expressed surprise that the termite is so prevalent and so exten-
sively injurious as far north as Baltimore. He spoke of an in-
stance of rapid and enormous destruction by termites in the Philip-
pines, where a large quantity of pine lumber from the United
States, stored there by our Government, was completely destroyed
in less than three months. Mr. Schwarz stated that the true
queen of 7. flavipes has never been found, but that in every case
so reported it has proved to be the supplementary queen. These
supplementary queens are nearly larviform, and are short-lived ;

OF WASHINGTON. 3

they are uncommon, though more than one has been found in a
single colony. He doubted whether, in view of the roving habits
of this species, a true queen really exists with them.

——Prof. Hopkins then read his paper entitled ‘‘ Notes on the
Genus Dendroctonus,” of which he has prepared the following
abstract for these minutes:

SOME NOTES ON THE GENUS DENDROCTONUS.
By A. D. Hopkins.

(Author’s Abstract.)

Attention is called to the meagre knowledge of the Dendroc-
tonus and the confusion due to the failure, heretofore, to recog-
nize good specific and secondary sexual characters. The genus
is referred to as one of great economic interest on account of its
being represented by the most destructive enemies of coniferous
trees.

Reference is made to the habits and distribution of the twelve
new species named and described, and three restored from
synonyms. The new species are named as follows: WD. pinz-
cida, D. arizonicus, D. monticole, D. ponderosa, D. keentz,
D. fletcheri, D. piceeperda, D. dietzi, D. californicus,
D. shoshone, D. wickhami, D. borealis. ‘Those restored are:
D. brevicomis Lec., D. punctatus Lec., and D. obesus Mann.
These new and restored names, added to those previously adopted
for the eight species described from this and other countries,
make a total of twenty-four species—twenty-one in America
north of Mexico, two in Central America, and one in Europe.

The species are divided by secondary sexual and other char-
acters into two primary, two secondary, and six minor divisions.

Results are given of a detailed study of the ratios of difference
in micrometer measurements of different parts of the prothorax,
which showed a gradual decrease in the ratios of the anterior
width, and the length, to the posterior width, from D. frontalzs,
which represents the maximum, to J. dorealis, which represents
the minimum of this line of variation through the genus.

It was also found that the sum of the mean ratios (or per cent.
of differences) of the anterior width to the posterior width, and
the length to the posterior width in the different species, gave
numbers which expressed, or indicated, the relative value of this
composite character, thus determined, in the separation and
classification of the species into what appear to be the most
natural primary and minor divisions.

The classification based upon the results obtained by the
‘* statistical method ” were verified by the ordinary use of secon-

4 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

dary sexual and specific characters not available for ‘statistical
study. This led to the conclusions, that the sculpture of the pro-
thorax in Scolytidz is of especial taxonomic importance; that,
by the statistical method, progressive lines of variation may be
determined ; that different stages in this variation may be indi-
cated by the sum of the mean ratios in a series of individuals and
varieties, which will not only aid in the accurate separation of
the species, but will indicate their natural affinities.

The paper was illustrated by drawings of different stages of
some of the species described, together with tables of measure-
ments and ratios, and a chart showing the classification.

This paper was discussed by- Messrs. Ashmead, Schwarz, Gill,
and Benton. Mr. Schwarz said that he considered the results
obtained by Prof. Hopkins as correct, but thought that these
results would be more easily comprehended by entomologists and
other naturalists if shown in drawings or expressed in terms of
descriptive entomology rather than in mathematical formule.
Dr. Gill thought it hardly safe to draw conclusions in regard to
the course of evolutionary development from the data obtained
by Prof. Hopkins’ measurements. Mr. Benton mentioned that
the variation in the length of the tongue in queen bees was made
use of in separating the various varieties of honey bees.

FEBRUARY 7, I9OI.

The 158th regular meeting was held at the residence of Dr.
H. G. Dyar, 1512 Twenty-first street N.W. The chair was
occupied by the President, Dr. Dyar. The others present were:
Messrs. Ashmead, Howard, Patten, Caudell, Busck, Currie,
Chapin, Kotinsky, and Barber.

The Recording Secretary announced the death of Baron Michel
Edmond de Selys-Longchamps, the distinguished Belgian ento-
mologist and authority on the Odonata. Dr. Howard, after
referring to the Baron’s long life of activity both as a statesman
and a naturalist, moved that a committee be appointed, including
the Chair, to convey the sympathy of the Entomological Society
of Washington to the Entomological Society of Belgium in the
death of their member and long-time president. The Chair ap-

OF WASHINGTON, 5

pointed Dr. Howard and Mr. Currie to serve with him on this
committee.

Under the heading of Short Notes, Mr. Ashmead spoke of
the surprising entomological results of the Harriman Alaska
Expedition. In the order Hymenoptera, he said, less than
thirty species were previously recorded from this territory.
In his paper upon Alaskan Hymenoptera about to be pub-
lished, embodying the results of this expedition, 311 species are
listed, representing 139 genera and 28 families. Thirty of these
genera are new to the United States, and five of the species are
European. This collection was made by Mr. Kincaid in two
months’ time, and upon the coast only. The proportion of truly
circumpolar forms contained in it was very small; a great many
of the species had a range extending down to Washington and
Oregon. Dr. Howard remarked that Hymenoptera and Diptera
have a rapid development, and, therefore, occur in large numbers
of individuals and species in a country where the summer is very ~
short, whereas other insects, such as Lepidoptera, which develop —
more slowly, are, in consequence, not so abundant in these
places.

—Speaking of the White Ant (Zermes flavipes Kollar), Dr. »
Howard thought it remarkable if this species has no true queen,
such.a queen being present in the European 7. ductfugus. He
inclined to the opinion that a true queen does exist, and would
eventually be found. In referring to the damage done by these
insects, he related a story told by a German traveller in Rhodesia,
who had had his coat and boots eaten up in one night by them.

—Mr. Caudell exhibited the case or burrow of the Purslane’
larva, Hudryas glovert Grote and Robinson, with a specimen of
the larva and the moth into which it transforms. In Oklahoma, on
April 16, 1895, he had observed the larva engaged in making the
burrow, and he read from his notes a description of the act.

—Mr. Kotinsky reported having taken the scale Déaspis pen-
tagona on Solanum canadense. Dr. Howard remarked, in
reference to this, that Diaspine frequently come down off of
perennial plants and live through the season upon some species
of annual.

—Mr. Chapin said he had observed the butterfly 7erzas nicippe
Cram. flying on the 12th of December. |

6 ENTOMOLOGIOCAL SOCTETY

—Mr. Caudell mentioned that he had observed a Calosoma
larva engaged in eating the purslane larva before referred to.
The beetle larva seemed to be blind. Dr. Howard, speaking of
the sight of insects, said that it was by no means proved that in-
sects with eyes see asdo humanbeings. He referred to the work
of Von Beethe on the Psychology of pe Bees, and Wasps as
bearing out this statement.

—The paper for the evening was by Dr. Dyar, and was enti-
tled:

A REVIEW OF THE SPECIES OF HAPLOA.
By Harrison G. Dyar.

The genus Haploa comprises a series of closely allied forms of
broad-winged Arctiidz, formerly referred to the European genus
Callimorpha. It has been the subject of considerable discussion
among American entomologists. Professor J. B. Smith gave a
good account of the genus, and brought the history of its litera-
ture down to 1887 in an article published in the Proceedings of
the U. S. National Museum of that year. He recognized nine
species. Since then the following has appeared: In 1887 Mr.
H. H. Lyman published in the Canadian Entomologist, making
eight species. His conclusions were much the same as those of
Prof. Smith, and the differences of these authors were finally
reconciled, the result being shown in Smith’s List of the Lepidop-
tera of Boreal America, 1891, with nine species—clymene, colona,
lactata, lecontet, contigua, suffusa, confusa, fulvicosta and ves-
talis. In1893 Neumoegenand Dyar published inthe Journal of the
New York Entomological Society, recognizing but seven species,
lactata being attached to clymene and fulvicosta to leconteZ as
varieties. Two older names, suppressed by Smith and Lyman,
were revived, and a new name proposed for one of the immacu-
late forms. Vestalzs was not identified. In 1896 I published in
Entomological News a short article intended to show what was
known of the larvz of these forms; little enough it is. I recog-
nized six species, following the revision published with Mr.
Neumoegen, but correcting the confusion that we had fallen into
in regard to the white forms. I recognized vesta/zs as the white
form of /econtez, and fulvicosta as that of reversa (suffusa),
which Neumoegen and Dyar had unnecessarily renamed. In
1897 I published in Canadian Entomologist on a good series of
the form falvicosta, describing the larva and showing that the
genitalic characters used by Prof. Smith were too variable to be
reliable. In 1899 Prof. Smith published in Entomological News
a description of Haploa triangularis, and in 1gor Mr. H. D.
Merrick named a new variety of //. Zeconted in the same journal.

OF WASHINGTON, 7

In 1887 the National Museum already possessed a good collec-
tion of Haploa, and since that time much additional material has
been received, so that all the known forms are represented, many
of them in long series. It appears from these that there are but _
five species, as I tentatively concluded in 1897.

The Haploas present some interesting features.. One species
is practically without variation. ‘Though its pattern of markings
is a slight modification of the one which in another species is
highly variable, yet here it is fixed. This is clymene Brown.
Another species, also very constant, nevertheless shows some
tendency to the breaking down of the dark markings, so usual in
the genus. This is contigua Walker. Conxfusa is more variable
and /econtez still more so.

This latter runs from a fully-marked form to.a white immacu-
late one, with, occasionally, some production of the buff color.
Colona is the most variable species, changing not only from fully
marked to immaculate by gradual obsolescence of the markings,
but also from white to buff in the color of the hind wings, with
all combinations of these characters.

The matter is made more obscure by the tendency of the
Haploas to occur in more or less isolated colonies, which usually
breed true to a certain type, often considerably more restricted in
its variation than the species at large. This gives the false im-
pression of a larger number of species than really exists, and
makes the correlation of some of the forms difficult. The pat-
tern of markings is essentially similar in all the species, and neither
the male genitalic characters nor the larve seem to show any
strong differential points at times where such would be useful in
the separation of the species.

The peculiar extensile, inflated and annulate anal tubes of the
male moth, bearing a terminal tuft of yellow hair, described by
Siewers and quoted by Smith, are well shown in a specimen ot
clymene before me, and partially in a male of colona.

1. H. clymene Brown.

interruptomarginata de Bauv.
comma Walk.

This form has the markings of YZ. lecontez, var. harrisi¢ nov.
(described below), a little thickened and rounded and with buff
hind wings; but it is perfectly constant and unmistakable,
needing no discussion.

2. H. colona Hubn.-

carolina Harr.
a. reversa Stretch.
suffusa Smith.
b. consita Walk.
lactata Smith.
c. fulvicosta Clem.
duplicata Neum. and Dyar.
d. triangularis Smz¢h.

8 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

This is the most variable species. I have a fine series of 110
specimens from the same locality in Harris Co., Texas, selected
from a lot of 2,000 by Mr. Geo. Franck. This shows all the
forms listed above except ¢rzangularis, with nearly all conceiva-
ble intergrades. I am, therefore, compelled to unite colona and
reversa, hitherto held apart. The fa/viécosta race in Maryland,
to which I referred in Entomological News, really varies as much
as the Texan form, but never into bright colors or distinct mark-
ings. It is an albino race of the same species.

Prof. Smith’s ¢rzangularis seems to me but an undersized re-
versa with the costal portion of the bands cut through. I have
Texan specimens closely approaching it, though larger. It is
doubtless constant in its own locality, but I see no reason for re-
garding it as a distinct species, unless, indeed, we so regard every
colony of Haploa.

3. H. lecontei Boisd.
leucomelas H.-S.
militaris Harr.
confinis Wak.
harrisii 2. var.
dyari Merrick.
vestalis Pack.
smithii 2. var.

In the typical Zecontez there are besides the marginal stripes an
oblique one from apex to inner margin and three transverse
stripes. In mzl¢tarzs the basal transverse stripe is obsolete, the
median one broken. In cozfinzs the three transverse stripes are
obsolete. In harréscz n. var., the oblique stripe is also broken,
leaving only a tooth on the internal margin. In vestadzs all the
dark marks are obsolete. The variety dyarz has the marks of
militarts or harrist, but the ground color of both wings is pale
buff, not white. This is possibly the form referred to by Strecker
as a & clymene, which was said to have mated with a o midz-
tarzs, producing ‘‘ hybrids.”

Var. smithii n. var. Size of leconteé and with the markings
of that fornt, but the upper part of the oblique band and the costal
edges of the transverse bands are broken through. Smith’s
figures 14, 15 and 16 (Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., X, 1887, Pl. XIV)
illustrate it. I am in doubt whether this is a form of decontez or
of confusa. Were it not for the size, I should unhesitatingly refer
it to the latter species, as there is a persistent projecting patch
below the end of tne cell which seems easily derivable from the
normal markings of cozfusa, but with difficulty from those of
lecontet.

4. H. confusa Lyman.

a. lymani #. var.

The typical form is beautifully figured by Lyman (Can. Ent.,

XIX, 1887, plate, ff. 7, 8 and g.)

hoaoo~

OF WASHINGTON. )

Var. dymani n. var. In this form the bands on the basal half of
the wing are obsolete, leaving a band from apex, angled below
end of cell to tornus and joined to the costal stripe by two short
bands, more or less broken. It closely resembles the variety
triangularis of lecontez, but the angle is more obtuse, practically
a right angle. It has the size of trzangularis and confusa.
Two specimens from Plattsburgh and Pougkeepsie, N. Y.

5. H. contigua Walk.

a. lumbonigera Fitch AZS

This rather constant species may possibly produce a white
form indistinguishable from fudvicosta and vestalis, but I have
no direct evidence of it. In some specimens the band from the
apex to the transverse band is broken through or obsolete, and
for this the manuscript name dumdbonigera, proposed by Dr. Asa
Fitch in his collection, may be kept. I have another specimen
in which the transverse band also is broken through, the specimen
markedly approaching the variety arrisz of lecontez. A full
series of contigua will probably produce some puzzling forms.
The National Museum has but 16 specimens.

The large series of specimens in the National Museum collec-
tion, showing these variations and the intergrades between the
formerly-considered species, was exhibited. Dr. Dyar said it
was not improbable that more extensive collections might render
a still further reduction of species necessary. In reply to a ques-
tion as to their food-plant, he said that larve seemed hard to get ;
they are somewhat general feeders. They hibernate as half-
grown larve and are very local. Mr. Ashmead hazarded the
opinion that some varieties might be hybrids between different
species, but Dr. Dyar thought it not likely. He thought that
there were at least four good and distinct species. Isolated colo-
nies often keep to some peculiar type, though this is not always
the case. He thought that there was a tendency toward the
formation of species. ‘The three drawers-full exhibited were, he
believed, as good a series of Haploa as was ever brought together.

—The hour for adjournment not having arrived, the remain-
ing time was taken up by short notes. Mr. Caudell stated that he
had received specimens of AZelanoplus yarrowii Thomas, from
Dr. R. E. Kunzé in Arizona; one male and two females were _
in the lot. Thomas’s original type of the species has been de- |
stroyed, and Scudder has redescribed it from specimens taken in
Colorado. ;

10 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

—Dr. Dyar stated that there were 15,700 specimens in the
Hofmann collection of Lepidoptera recently purchased by the
National Museum. Of these, over 9,000 were Tineids, beauti-
fully mounted... This collection, entirely European, includes
nearly all the species listed in Staudinger’s catalogue as European.

MARCH 7, IQOl.

The 159th regular meeting was held at the residence of Mr.
Wim. H. Ashmead, 1825 Q street N.W. President Dyar oc-
cupied the chair, and there were also present Messrs. Heidemann,
Benton, Ashmead, Gill, Howard, Vaughan, Currie, Hay, Ko-
tinsky, Barber and Hunter.

The committee on resolutions regarding the late Baron de
Selys-Longchamps reported these resolutions drawn up ready
to be sent.

Under Short Notes and Exhibition of Specimens, Mr. Kotin-
sky showed specimens of the scale insect. AsAzd7otus smilacis
Comstock on the underground stems of smilax. They were col-
lected at St. Elmo, Virginia, by Mr. F. C. Pratt, on the 6th of
March. '

—Dr. Gill, referring to Baron Selys, and in illustration of the
latter’s versatility, mentioned the work done by him about fifty
years ago on birds and mammals.

—Mr. Hunter, upon invitation from the Chair, made a few
remarks on western entomologists, spoke of their isolation from
one another, and told of some of the work being done by them,
He also, as a note, reported having received from Prof. C. A.
Hart, of the Illinois State Laboratory of Natural History, nine .
specimens of the Syrphid fly Werodon eguestrzs Fabricius, col-
lected in a green-house at Urbana, Illinois. They belong to a
European species and genus, which, he thought, had not previ-
ously been recorded from the United States.* The larve work in
the bulbs of the Narcissus lily.

Mr. Benton presented a translation made by him from the
original Italian of an article entitled: ‘‘ On the Theory of Par-

* This species has been recorded at points on the Atlantic coast, but not
previously from the interior.—Publication Committee.

OF WASHINGTON, 11

thenogenesis Among Bees,” by Cav. Andrea de Rauschenfels,
editor of ** L’Apicoltore,” of Milan. The Dzierzon theory re-
garding parthenogenesis among bees having been questioned by
several practical bee-masters of Germany and Italy, the zoologi-
cal department of the University of Freiburg, under the direction
of Prof. August Weismann, undertook to make careful micro-
scopic examinations of the eggs of queen bees of the species Afzs
mellifera. Of 29 eggs laid in worker-cells traces of fecundation
were found in 23, while 94 eggs laid in drone-cells presented ne
such traces; in another instance among 62 eggs taken from
worker-cells not one was found that did not show fecundation,
and of 272 eggs laid in drone-cells one only showed a vestige.
Even when, as a test of the accuracy of the microscopic examina-
tions, the labels on material had been purposely exchanged, the
results were equally striking and decisive,so that Prof. Weis-
mann concludes: ‘‘ That it may be taken as proved that the eggs
deposited in drone-cells are normally not fecundated, while
on the other hand those deposited in worker-cells ave always fe-'
cundated and that, therefore, the theory of Dr. Dzierzon remains
unchanged.” |

—The first paper was by Mr. Heidemann, and was entitled:

NOTES ON BELONOCHILUS NUMENIUS SAY.
By O. HEIDEMANN.

In collecting on the trees Platanus occidentalis planted on
streets near Brightwood, June ro last, I found the underside of
leaves covered with the larve of a hemipterous insect in its dif-
ferent stages of development, and was able to identify it at once
by the characteristic long and slender rostrum, which reaches
to the apex of abdomen, as Belonochilus numenius Say, a Ly-=
geid. A week later I secured adult specimens also oh abundance
on the same trees.

It surprised me to find the insect infesting these Bianead trees,
since it is not recorded as living on sycamore, or as being very
abundant; it has been considered as quite rare, and I have in
former times found but few specimens by sweeping over the
fields. .

The insect was originally named by Thomas Say, Lyg@us

nmumentus.*

*New Harmony, Indiana, December, 1831. (Reprinted in Say’s Ento-
mology, of North America, LeConte, I, p. 331.)

12 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

Later, Prof. P. R. Uhler placed the species in a new genus
and redescribed it as Belonochilus numenius Say.*

The following November, Mr. J. Kotinsky showed me some
sycamore fruits taken at Eckington, November 12, on which he
had observed the young larva of a bug. The larva proved to be
identical with those I had found previously in early summer on
the same kind of trees.

On December 8, I took from the sycamore trees, on which I
had collected the insect in the month of June, a number of the
fruits, which dangle so conspicuously from long peduncles at-
tached to the bare twigs, and I found on nearly every one of them
a colony of the larve. The ball-shaped fruit, known to botanists
as a head, is composed, as.is well known, of the ovaries contain-
ing the ovules or seeds. In the crevices or interspaces among
the ovaries gathered on the head, the larve hide, head down-
ward, in a dormant state, congregating conspicuously on the
underside of the fruit, probably adopting this place as the best
shelter against the severity of the weather.

Upon warming the fruit of the sycamore with my hand the
bugs hidden on it soon recovered from their dormant state and
crawled around actively. The larva can hardly be detected in
its hiding place, because it matches in color perfectly with its
surroundings.

While Belonochilus numentus Say may live also on other
food-plants, these observations at least establish the fact that it
lives on sycamore, and also that it has two annual broods, the
fall brood hibernating in the lar val stage on the underside of the
globose heads.

Mr. Kotinsky, in discussing the paper, said that the larve on
these heads, when exposed to the rays of the sun, would move
around, apparently seeking to find shelter.

—Dr. Howard’s paper, entitled ‘‘ Some Additional Mosquito
Notes,” then followed. It consisted of the most interesting facts
taken from the large mass of information on this subject which
has accumulated, through correspondence and otherwise, since
the publication of his ‘‘ Notes on the Mosquitos of the United
States.’’t

These additional notes are soon to be published. The paper
was discussed by Messrs. Gill and Hay.

*Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., XIX, pp. 393, 394.
t+ Bulletin No. 25, New Series, Division st penvornology, U. S. Depart-
ment of Agriculture, .1900.

OF WASHINGTON. 13

APRIL 4, I901.*

The 160th regular meeting was held at the residence of Dr. T.
N. Gill, 1608 Q street N.W. Dr. Dyar occupied the chair, and
in the absence of the Recording Secretary Mr. Ashmead was
appointed Secretary pro tem.

—The first paper was by Dr. Dyar, and was entitled :

TO WHAT SPECIES SHOULD THE NAME ACRONYCTA HA-
MAMELIS GUENEE BE APPLIED?

By Harrison G. Dyar.

Guenée gives a comparative description of the moth and a
description and figure of the larva under the name amamelis.
We have a rather rare species feeding on the witch hazel (H/ama-
melis virginica) in the larval state which agrees with Guenée’s
larva. It feeds only on this plant, and no other species of Acro-
nycta so feeds to my knowledge. Therefore it would have been
eminently proper if the name had been retained for this species.
However, Grote, who became our first authority on the North
American Noctuide, applied the name to an oak-feeding species
and named the witch-hazel feeding one sudochrea. After this,
confusion grew apace. Butler identified swdochrea Grote with
impleta Walker. Smith, who succeeded Grote as the authority
on our Noctuide, accepted that determination, but referred both
names to édrumosa Guenée (the larva of which, according to
Guenée, is the oak-feeding species called hamame/is by Grote).
Finally, after a visit to the British Museum and an examination of
Guenée’s ‘* types,” Smith overturned all previous determinations
applying the name hamamelis to affitcta Grote (another oak-
feeding species), restoring swbochrea Grote to the witch-hazel
species and proposing a new name (¢zclara Smith) for the oak
species called hamamelis by Grote. Brumosa, which should by
the larva apply to this species (zzclara), is referred to Persuasa
Harv., a species not yet known in the larva.

The name Lamamelis Guenée has therefore been applied first
to ¢xclara Smith, and lastly to afrcta Grote. In my opinion it
is referable to neither, but to the witch-hazel species (swdochrea).
As to affltctz, Guenée’s description positively contradicts that
species. <Afféicta has pale hind wings, and Guenée says that
those of Lamamelis are ** commechez rumicis,” that is, dark gray.
As to énclara, the description is nearer, and it is very conceiva-

ble how Grote, not knowing the larva, could have made this ref-
-

*The minutes of this meeting were lost.—Publication Committee.

14 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

erence. Guenée, however, says his species is very near to rumdcczs,
with the same design and nearly the same colors, and this is
strikingly true of the witch-hazel species (swbochrea Grote),
whereas zzc/ara Smith certainly differs somewhat in design.
Guenée’s so-called types in the British Museum should not weigh
against his descriptions. The descriptions were published fifty
years ago and are the ultimate standard, whereas the ‘‘ types,”
after transportation and arrangements, are only now invoked.
Therefore, I conclude that Acronycta hamamelis Guenée should
be applied to the Hamamelis Acronycta, and the disagreeable
misapplication of the name may be hereafter avoided.

—The last paper was by Prof. Cook, and entitled:

EVOLUTIONARY INFERENCES FROM THE DIPLOPODA.*
By O. F. Cook.

A large proportion of evolutionary arguments and theories have
been based upon studies of the characters and habits of such
groups as the mammals, birds, insects, and flowering plants.
Among these higher organisms there are many acute struggles for
existence, and many striking specializations and adjustments to
environment have been discovered. As primary evidence of
extensive adaptation we have the fact of great diversity in habits
and habitats among the members of each of these classes of organ-
isms, and it has naturally been supposed that in some manner still
unexplained the varied conditions and the selective influences of
the ever present competition have induced the changes responsi-
ble for the existing variety of form and structure.

As a test or ‘* control” of such inferences no better experiment
could have been devised than the Diplopoda or ‘‘ thousand-legged
worms,” a class of animals of great antiquity, some Carboniferous
types not differing greatly from those of the present day. Since
the Coal Period the insects have sought openings in all parts of
creation. and have accomplished the most complex and wonderful
adaptations to other animals and plants and to each other. They
have distributed themselves over the whole earth, not excepting
the air and water. The conservative diplopod, on the contrary,
has shown no such enterprising tendencies. His ancestors chewed
for a livelihood on Sigillarian stumps of Nova Scotia, and though
the Sigillarias have been extinct for ages his predilection for rotten

* The inferences here presented were afterward summarized and formu-
lated as ‘‘A Kinetic Theory of Evolution.” (Sczence, N. S., XIII, 969-978,

June 21, 1901.)

OF WASHINGTON. 15

stumps is in no way abated. He has not accustomed himself to
any other diet than decaying vegetable matter, and he has devel-
oped no very acute preferences regarding the origin or quality of
this simple provender. Back in the Carboniferous or before, he
made a single invention of sufficient effectiveness to secure immu-
nity from molestation until the advent of the nineteenth century
naturalist. He anticipated, in fact, the warfare of the future, and
is prepared to deliver broadsides of prussic acid and other noxious
substances,* which render him an unpleasant companion and an
unpalatable morsel. But notwithstanding this effective equip-
ment he has remained an anti-expansionist. Others have striven
for possession of the earth, air, and water, while he continues to
live because he can subsist on what is not useful to his more enter-
prising relatives.

Food being plentiful and unvaried, he has had no need to fol-
low the insects in specialized mouth parts. Having no enemies,
.and living in concealment, he cannot be accused of mimicry or
other ruses for self-preservation. He has not invited destruction
by injuring others, nor overreached himself by attempting to
increase too fast, and thus destroyed his own means of subsist-
ence. His eyes, when not altogether wanting, are only useful
in his efforts to keep from exposure to light, which is soon fatal ;
perhaps it poisons him by disintegrating his defensive ammunition.
He cannot be seen by his mate, so that sexual selection cannot be
invoked to explain his bright colors,f nor can these be looked
upon as warnings to enemies, since he leaves concealment only
at night.

The diplopod has, in short, been exceedingly careful to keep
outside the undignified struggle for existence. If he has become
differentiated, it is on his own motion and not as a concession to
enemies or adverse circumstances. The Diplopoda offer, perhaps,
the finest of opportunities for the study of variation accumulated
without interposition of the principles of selection. Without
the introduction of diversity into the life-history of the organism.
there have come into existence numerous groups showing great
and constant structural differences, but each apparently filling
with equal success the same place in the economy of nature.

In the insects we find numerous adaptations of obvious utility
occurring within ordinal and even within family limits, but in the
diplupods similar reasoning finds but the slightest application.
Drawings illustrating the peculiar characters of some members of
the African family Oxydesmide are submitted herewith.t While

* Sczence, N. S., XII, 516-520, October 5, 1900.

+ Eyes are entirely wanting in the large order Merocheta, to which be-
long nearly all the bright-colored species.

{ To be published elsewhere with a revision of the Oxydesmide.

16 - ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

in some respects unique, they are not more wonderful nor more
difficult of explanation than numerous other differences to be
found among the members of this class. Such extreme cases
are, however, of special interest, since they illustrate more strik-
ingly the evolutionary status of the group. Among the highly
adaptive insects it would be extremely rash to deny that any or
all structural characters would find an explanation based on
natural selection,* and in the Diplopoda we have also many pecu-
liarities of apparent utility which obviously may have been brought
to their present perfection inthis way. Itis, nevertheless, worthy |
of note that in the Diplopoda such adaptations are almost ex-
clusively sexual, in accordance with the extremely simple ecologic
relationships noted above.

The Diplopoda have probably not been threatened with ex-
tinction by natural enemies, nor are their numbers kept down by
inadequate food supplies. With them the struggle for existence
centers rather about the problem of reproduction, their methods
being at once primitive and complicated. In the different orders
and families the extremely varied copulatory legs have been sup-
plemented by other contrivances frequently similar in function
and yet different in structure and origin. Specially thickened, or
in other cases unusually elongated, claws, pads of hairs, fleshy
soles or cushions, rows of tubercles and other contrivances, have,
for example, been variously and independently provided to render
the last joint of the legs of males more effective in assisting copula-
tion. The mechanical ingenuity of the group, so to speak,
seems to have exhausted itself in this direction, and yet structure
and color, although neglected by selection, have by no means re-
mained uniform. |

Even in dealing with groups more adaptive than the Diplo-
poda, writers on natural and other forms of selection have been

* Professor Romanes held that a majority of minor specific differences
have no assignable utility, a view which he supported by reference to the
color differences of birds and mammals. Had his observations extended
to the Diplopoda there would have been no need of such limitations either
to shades of color or to specific characters, since in this group structural
characters of genera and families are as obviously useless from the stand-
point of relation to environment It is true, as pointed out by Professor
Romanes, that the birds and mammals *t represent the highest products
of evolution in respect of organization,” that is, they have been sub-
jected to an extended experience of acute natural selection throughout
which there would have been a strong tendency against the accentuation
of certain classes of structural characters, though, as in the Diplopoda,
divergences might continue to accumulate in internal or reproductive
structures which do not affect external appearance, or efficiency in the
struggle for existence.

OF WASHINGTON. 17

constrained to admit that their favorite principles must have raw
materials to work upon. In other words, the advantageous
structure or habit must reach the point of being advantageous
without the assistance of the principle which then stands ready
to encourage its development. Notwithstanding this defect,
the theory of selection as variously analyzed and sub-divided has
been and is still advanced as an adequate explanation of the
modus operand, if not as the actual cause, of evolution.

In groups where compiex adaptations to external environment
have taken place, the issues are so mixed that contributions of
natural, sexual, germinal, or other forms of selection and their
resulting coordinations can scarcely be estimated, even in the
most general way. The nicety of many adaptations has so en-
couraged the imaginative mind that extended flights of fancy
have not unfrequently passed as sober theory. if not demonstrated
fact. Of a bird or an insect blown to a new region, where it
changes its climate, food, habits, and even its enemies, much
may be predicated with comparative safety, and with sufficiently
numerous factors of undetermined importance supplied by con-
veniently fortuitous circumstances, selection may be made to ap-
pear as the main-spring as well as the balance-wheel of creation.
But among the diplopods, at least, the simplicity and uniformity
of external adaptation, considered in connection with the quan-
tity and constancy of the internal diversity of the group, seems
to warrant a view for which analogy indicates a wider applica-
tion. Diversity is seen to be essentially independent of selec-
tion. Selection accelerates, retards, or even reverses evolution,
but by interference in a succession of changes which it does not
cause. Segregation, of whatever kind, permits the accumula-
tion of variations which it does not initiate nor direct. The bi-
ology of the Diplopoda indicates that facilities in the way of
segregation have long been ample for the differentiation, not
alone of species and genera, but of families and orders. To
prove with reference to any individual case the negative propo-
sition that no selection has intervened would be impossible, but
the honest student will find the Diplopoda and other groups of
similar ecologic status replete with instances of which the
unique dorsal processes of the Oxydesmidz are a minor example.
As a single more general illustration may be mentioned that of |
the repugnatorial pores, constantly present in some orders and
constantly absent in others, but in the Merocheta having the
peculiarity of occurring in interrupted series. The presence, or
rather the absence, of these organs may well be correlated with
habits or environment, but that the omission of the pores ofa
single segment or two segments from an otherwise continuous
series is a matter of selective advantage or disadvantage is very
difficult to believe.

18 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

Pore Formule of Merocheta.

Strongylodesmus...:.. ...s.c.s cee Sscecf OO 10-1" 12 13°34 15 16 27 36 Io
TACHOGESINUS sy aoe seas > soy oceans Rie ee IO. 10-38 23°24 TE WGHET ees cee
Gomphodesmidz (numerous

genera), Eurydesmus......... We 7. 9 CORT 32 32°34 ° 35 16 17.15 40
Polydesmus and nearly all

genera not noted here... ..... Siete OLN nic AP D9 ace 15 16 37 TO AG

Napodesmus, Hynidesmus,
Cylindrodesmus, Brachy-

Gems; Scytonotuel... oe Ge, O FO faa EATS EG IO TY: ID ces
CVRCOCBIDUB. cis eins sce scaneecpaent Ses ite OO sesh s aa TR TO) ass) ese case
Comodesmus......:...06..++5 at danas ARE MOehe eh ls ee PR 17 to
Heptadesmus”*........... tt atv aeons Be appive eas OD) sens oie TSiiis os Ths wes ky ee
Batodesmus............ ee ange RPM es SELES tbs usu KE Mdode hk A ake 27 ee noet
PSEOCHOGESINUS. 20400 savesd «oe vseene eR Pee errr s $2 Fs ES yn)
Stenodesmus, Biporodesmus,

BIVODOLUS cccrhay cvs thn dc csonn enews Sas hake iepbs leech DOE Sinke auee Sak eee uk coup
Pterodesmus, Xanthodesmus. . ... 7...9 10... 12 13 «. 15 16 17 18 I9

Since in all other orders of Diplopoda the repugnatorial pores
occur in uninterrupted series, that condition may be considered
to have been ancestral in the Merocheta as well. The unrelated
monotypic genera, Strongylodesmus from Mexico, and Helodes-
mus from Java, approximatea continuous series, the sixth segment
being the only break. The South American genus Eurydesmus,
and numerous East African genera of Gomphodesmide, have but
two interruptions, segments 6and 8. The formula of Polydes-
mus is, however, that which on account of its very general prev-
alence, is looked upon as normal for members of this order,
occurring as it does in families the most diverse in other char-
acters. With the exception of those of the genera mentioned
above, all other formule may be considered as reductions of that
of Polydesmus, the absence of pores from segments 6, 8, 11 and
14 being invariable.

Not only is there diversity in the number and distribution of
the repugnatorial pores of the Merocheta, their position on the
segments and the attendant structural modifications are equally
varied and as little likely to have been brought about by any
advantage pertaining to the different conditions. Some are close
to the margin, some remote ; some elevated on tubercles or stalks,
others sunk in depressions. But these details are merely illustra-
tions, not arguments, since on no one character or set of char-
acters could a negative proposition be established. The case
must rest on the phylogenetic, biologic and ecologic unity of the

* A new genus of Oxydesmide from West Africa. The type is H. con-
ntvens (Cook), described as Scytodesmus countvens, Brandtia, p. 10, 1896.

OF WASHINGTON. 19

group, viewed in contrast with its structural and evolutionary
diversity. :

And since such facts are numerous in other fields of biology,
there appears to be justification for the view that evolution is a
kinetic phenomenon, or an active process of change, from the
standpoint of the organism, instead of the result of a passive .
subjection to external interference in otherwise stable conditions.

The static character of many evolutionary theories is obvious,
and even those which depend upon physical or chemical lability as
the moving force in vital phenomena, predicate, in effect, a tendency
to stable equilibrium. The contrary view is that evolution is one
of the normal properties of protoplasmic organisms ; change is the
law, the various forms of selection and isolation are the incidents.
Underneath the minor fluctuations which have been denomi-
nated ‘‘ fortuitous variations,” is a continuous motion, though not
in a fixed direction. The minor variations may be looked upon
as ‘** feelers ”’ for lines of least resistance, but motion there must
be. Selection or isolation may accelerate or retard the evolution
of the species, but permanent fixity of type the breeders of plants
and animals have long since found impossible.

A kinetic theory of organic succession is not without bearing
upon other evolutionary questions. For example, the acquisi-
tion of new characters, as in the case of the dorsal processes of
the Oxydesmidez, becomes, in a sense, an axiomatic proposition
requiring no special explanation apart from the facts of normal
reproduction. Heredity to the extent of absolute duplication
does not appear as a part of the programme of nature, and im-
partially fortuitous variation in any character or characters could
result only in a stable, non-progressive average—a state of specific
equilibrium. To disturb this and make evolution possible, it has
been believed necessary that selection or other external stimuli
must be universally predicated. Under the kinetic view, varia-
tions may be supposed to arise and to be preserved as a part of
the normal and necessary process of change, or because they are
variations. The nature of the causes of change is not revealed,
but it can be understood that the progressive modifications of suc-
cessive individuals may not be different in kind, or in any way
more mysterious than those of the single individual, except from
the standpoint of biologists who have invented complicated me-
chanical theories to account for what have appeared to them as
temporary disturbances of otherwise stable conditions.

The utility of a variation is not determined by the organism,
but depends upon the conditions encountered, and the testimony
of such groups as the Diplopoda indicates the impartial preserva-
tion of useful and useless characters. Selection works by elimi-
nation and affects the descendants of the survivors only as an
active form of isolation—by limiting descent to those in which the

20) ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

character or power of immediate advantage is already sufficiently
pronounced to be of use. But after progressive modification with-
out selection has carried a new feature to the point of utility, it
seems gratuitous to predicate another agency as necessary for its
further accentuation.

Instead of nicely balanced opposing principles, heredity and
variation may prove to be merely two aspects of the same process
of gradual change. Organisms react, within limits, to external
conditions, some being more adaptive or more plastic than others ;
they also acquire new characters with greater or less rapidity, but
it is not necessary to insist upon any causal connection between
these two facts. In some senses acquired characters are heredi-
tary, but it is not necessary, on the one hand, to believe that they
originate from external causes, or, on the other hand, that they
are predetermined by an inflexible principle of development. Of
course, there are other senses in which it is true that no charac-
ters are inherited, only tendencies and potentialities, but this does
not alter the case when a series of individuals is viewed as a seg-
ment of the evolutionary progress of a species.

The history of the individual, like that of the race, variety, or
species, shows a process of continuous change or progressive
evolution which proceeds in spite of uniformity of environment.
Isolation, whether geographical or due to selection or domestica-
tion, may influence the direction and rate, but is in no proper
sense a cause of the motion.

May 9g, 1gor.

The 161st regular meeting was held at the residence of Mr. John
D. Patten, 3033 P street N.W., the chair being occupied, in the
absence of the President and both Vice-Presidents, by Dr. Gill.
The others present were Messrs. Ashmead, Chapin, Barber,
Busck, Howard, Morris, Kotinsky, Patten, Currie, and Sander-
son. |

Mr. Morris called the attention of the Society to the public ex-
hibition, soon to be held, of the botanical and zoological work of
the Washington high schools.

Under Short Notes, Dr. Howard spoke of the many inventions
for trapping insects at light recorded at the U. S. Patent Office,
mentioning in particular one such device being manufactured in
large quantities by a man at Hazeltine, Missouri, for destroying
the Codling Moth. He regarded the statistics concerning insects

OF WASHINGTON. 21

attracted to light as not very satisfactory, and spoke of the obser-
vations of various entomologists. Probably the most thorough
investigation of this subject was made on cotton-field insects by a
Mr. Mitchell, at Victoria, Texas. Mr. Mitchell captured 24,000
specimens at lights, and a determination of this material showed
that about 15,000 of these were made up of injurious species, the
remaining 8,000 being beneficial. Of these latter, there were
5,000 specimens of a single species of Carabid beetle. Prof.
Riley’s experience with light in an orchard went to prove that,
contrary to what the manufacturer at Hazeltine claimed, the Cod-
ling Moth was not attracted by it. Mr. Ashmead believed that
seventy-five per cent. of the insects attracted to lights were inju-
rious. Mr. Sanderson and Mr. Busck considered the benefit of
these traps as doubtful, but Mr. Busck thought a trap could be
manufactured which would capture moths to the exclusion of
beetles; he had used suchatrap. Dr. Gill mentioned having
observed a remarkable swarm or flight of insects to light in the
Island of Trinidad. This flight lasted from twilight to very early
morning, and was at its maximum at about 10 o’clock. Among
the insects flying were many winged ants. Mr. Chapin said that
enormous numbers of insects of all orders, and particularly may-
flies, swarmed to the electric lights in Chicago when the arc
lights were first established there. In reply to a question asked
by Dr. Gill, Dr. Howard thought mosquitoes were not attracted
to lights. In conclusion, he said he thought the whole trap-
lantern scheme for destroying injurious insects more or less of a
fraud.

—The first paper of the evening was by Mr. Sanderson, and
was entitled:

NOTES UPON THE STRUCTURE AND CLASSIFICATION OF
CHRYSOMELID LARVZ.

By E. Dwicnt SANDERSON.

Few families of insects, and none among Coleoptera, contain
more injurious species or do more damage than the Chrysomelide.
_ The rapid spread and voracious appetite of the Colorado potato
beetle have made it familiar to every farmer in the land, and
inany of its near relatives are fast pushing themselves into promi-
nence. The flea beetles, grape and corn root-worms, and the
cucumber and asparagus beetles, have caused the loss of millions to

22 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

American farmers, and the defoliation of our shade trees by such
pests as the cottonwood and imported elm-leaf beetles cannot be
valued from a dollars and cents standpoint. A few scarcely known
beetles are one day feeding upon a common weed in some out of
the way place; the next year we hear that they have ruined some
crop of that locality, and in only a few years they have spread
over a large area and become recognized as a serious pest. Le-
Conte and Horn have well stated that the function of the family
seems to be to hold the vegetable world in check by destroying its
leaves; the trouble is that, from our standpoint, the beetles seem
to have misinterpreted their duty, and to feel that the superfluous
portion is that which man has planted.

Although, owing to their injurious character, more of the im-
mature stages of the Chrysomelide have been described than of
any other family of beetles, still the larger portion are unknown,
and most of the descriptions are incomplete. Furthermore, no
systematic study of the larve and pupe has ever been made of
the family as a whole, so that the general larval and pupal type
of the family has never been described that they might be dis-
tinguished from those of other families, or that the different types
and species among the seven hundred composing the family (in
Boreal America) could be separated.

The work which I will briefly outline to-night was commenced
as a thesis at Cornell University. Through the kindness of Dr.
Howard and Mr. Schwarz, I have been allowed to study the large
collection of larve in the National Museum during the past two
years. These, with my own few collections and specimens from
various parties, have given me quite a representative series. I
have felt the need, however, of material from the tropics:where
this family is best developed, but all attempts to secure it have so
far been in vain. The study of larve is certainly a new thing to
most coleopterists. You will pardon me for quoting in this con-
nection part of a letter from Mr. Martin Jacoby, than whom there
is probably no better authority on the Phytophaga, as it brings
out this point very strikingly. ‘‘I should have been very glad to
be able to assist you in your study of the larve of the Phytophaga,”
he says, ‘‘ but there is absolutely nobody here who ever attempted
to collect or study the larve of beetles, and I know of nobody
abroad. I have no doubt that there are such people, but I have
never heard of them. I myself am quite ignorant of the early
stages of the Phytophaga, but the more well-known ones have,
of course, been described in different works.”

When it is attempted to describe the larval type of the Chrysome-
lide we are at once confronted by two obstacles. On the one hand
the larve of nearly allied families have not been sufficiently studied
to make a definition of their characters possible, and on the other,
types of the different groups of Chrysomelid larve are so distinct

OF WASHINGTON. 23

that they have but little in common. In fact. as will be ex-
plained later, I am compelled to consider the Chrysomelida as a
superfamily. There are several characters which [ think will
definitely separate any of its species from those of other fami-
lies. ‘The antenne are of two or three segments ; mandibles never
elongate; prothorax never broader nor much longer than meta-
thorax ; with chitinized notum ; thoracic legs always present (ex-
cept in one or two genera of Hispide), short and stout (except in
Cryptocephalide, which are case bearers), tarsal claw single;
tergites of meso and meta-thorax and first seven abdominal seg-
ments never forming chitinized plates ; ninth abdominal segment
never longer than preceding segments (except in Cryptocephalidz) ,
tenth abdominal segment rudimentary, often bearing one or a pair
of prolegs ; no dorsal tubercles elongate and lateral tubercles elon-
gate only in Cassidide ; a row of sub-spiracular, lateral tubercles
always present ; sete stiff and bristly, never in long tufts.

The antenne are typicaily composed of three segments, the two
basal segments much flattened and the third conical or quadrate.
Arising from the end of the second segment at the base of the
third is an accessory digit, which sometimes becomes larger than
the third segment. Indeed the latter is sometimes lost, and this
digit appears to be the third segment. The third segment can
always be distinguished from it, however, by its bearing one to
several sete _at-its;tip. Round, ocelli-like sensoria are often
found on the second segment. The ocelli are typically
twelve in number, four caudad and two ventrad of each
antenna. The two ventral are situated on the genz, separated
from the others by a suture, and it seems probable that originally
there were a pair of ocelli on each of three head segments. ‘The
position of the ocelli is of considerable taxonomic value, but is a
difficult character to determine, oftentimes necessitating boiling or
bleaching the head. In two groups, the Donaciide and Eumol-
pini, the ocelli are entirely wanting. In most of the Gallerucini
but a single ocellus occurs.. This seems to be homologous with
the caudo-ventral ocellus of the four caudad of the antennee, as in
certain species between the more typical Gallerucini and Chryso-
melini all six ocelli are found, but this ocellus is very much
larger than all the rest. The mandibles are typically five-dentate,
though in one or two groups they are uniformly tridentate, and
in a few genera entire. In some genera the number of teeth
varies within these limits for the different species. In Diabrotica —
and several nearly allied genera, a curious tuft or brush of sete |
occurs on the inner margin. The labra are quite variable in
shape, but always bear four prominent, stout sete. The sete on
the cephalic margin furnish good specific and often generic char-
acters, though difficult to study, as they are easily broken off or
misplaced. The maxillz are of the usual type found in mandib-

PA eps ae NRA,

24 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

ulate insects. though quite different in the different groups. Inthe
ae galea and lacinia are distinct, and both well de-
veloped, but in all others the lacinia is rudimentary, usually being

- represented by a small prominence bearing a large spine at the

inner base of the galea. The sete upon the palpi and stipes are
very constant in position, as they are on the mentum and sub-
mentum. The labial palpi are small and of one or two segments,
the palpiger being distinct only in the Cryptocephalide.

I have not, as yet, succeeded in satisfactorily homologizing the
sclerites of the ventral part of the head. To the caudal margin
of the submentum and the caudal margin of the occiput is at-
tached a membrane which is continuous with the prosternum, Zz e.,
there is no suture between them. Beneath this membrane just
caudad of the caudal margin of the submentum, attached at either
side to the ventral margin of the epicranium and with the cardos
of the maxillz articulating upon its anterior margin at either side,
is a rectangular, well chitinized sclerite, which seems to be
similar to the gula of the adult beetles and yet also seems to bear
exactly the same relation to the other’sclerites as does the tento-
rium of the Orthoptera. That it is the same I am not prepared
to say. Lying beneath the membrane to which the mentum is
attached and connecting the epicranium, it seems to form the
floor of the epicranial segment.

Before proceeding to describe the thorax and abdomen it may
be well to explain the system of notation which I have used for
describing the body tubercles and sete. But first I wish to re-
quest that no one will ask me later on ‘‘ What is a tubercle or
seta,” for I freely confess I don’t know, though I have tried hard
enough to find out. Tubercles, spines, sete, and hairs or acces-
sory sete, shade into each other so gradually and their structure
is so variable that I am at a lossto know how to define them and
have not by any means secured a satisfactory knowledge of their
morphology. ‘That the tubercles and sete of larve are of great
taxonomic value has already been well shown in the case of Lep-
idopterous larve by Dr. Dyar and others. They have also
been used considerably in the classification of Saw-fly larve. In
the present study I have found them of the greatest value and in-
terest. ‘There seem to be a more or less definite number of sete
in the most generalized larve which are variously modified in
number and position in those more specialized. When these
setee are surrounded by a thickened or pigmented area, or where
they surmount a protuberance of the skin, I have called them
tubercles. Often, however, the surface of the epidermis is uni-
form in texture, merely being divided into areas by folds. In
such cases the usual sete are sometimes distinct and easily recog-
nized, but many times they are surrounded by a large number of
small accessory sete from which they are not distinguishable, as

OF WASHINGTON. 25

in Donacia and Criocera. It would seem to me, therefore, that
before the student of insect larvee will be able to use the sete and
tubercles for the purposes of classification understandingly, it
will be necessary to know more of their nature, history and
origin. Whether the tubercles and sete of lepidopterous, hy-
menopterous, and coleopterous larve are homologous in any
way or whether they had a common origin, seems to me to be a
question of importance. Dr. Packard’s views as to the origin of
the spines and tubercles, and his classification of them, in the
Notodontidz may or may not be correct for that family; it cer-
tainly has no bearing upon the similar structures found in the
Chrysomelide.

abe
“\

Aor SO-wmesSon

i\o ®@ ® BGI) atdemnal
| Q g) ®

' StqamewtS.
Bs | bie? SS

s

Fic 1.—Diagram showing notation of tubercles of the most generalized
Chrysomelid laryz. (Represented as one-half of thelarval skin is seen
when mounted flat.)

The tubercles as numbered represent those of a purely hypo-
thetical generalized type, and are not so to be found in any one
species.

On either annulet of the meso and metathorax below the dorso-
meson are two tubercles numbered I, I, III, 1V; I and II being
cephalic. Below these is a larger lateral tubercle extending
across both annulets and outlining the forming wing discs which
are immediately beneath, which I term V and VI. Below these
are two tubercles, anterior and posterior, VII and VIII. The
coxa of the leg ar ticulates slightly with the caudal margin of tub-
ercle IX and caudad of it is X. XI is cephalad of the coxa.
XIII dextral and sinistral are usually grown together on the
ventro-mesal line. Caudad of them are tubercles XIV, between
the coxe. The abdominal segments, I to VII, differ from the
thoracic in that tubercles V and VI are separate, VII and VIII
are united, as are IX and X, while tubercles XI to XIV aré var-
iously modified. The tubercles of abdominal segments eight and
nine are always considerably grown togetherx_On the pro-

96 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

thorax, tubercles I to VI are grown together and forin the cervical
shield; VII and VIII are sometimes distinct and sometimes
grown together; IX and X are as on the other thoracic segments ;
XIII and XIV are usually grown together, forming a chitinized
sternum which is cleft on the caudal margin. The tubercles
are diagrammed as seen from the dorsal and ventral aspects, as
most of the larve are naturally flattened. In studying them,
when sufficient material was available, I have mounted the skins
in Canada balsam.

The thoracic spiracle is always surrounded by or just above
mesathoracictubercle VII. The abdominal spiracles are situated
either between or laterad of tubercles Vand VI. Spiracles are
always found on the first seven abdominal segments in the usual
position. Inthe Hispide they are lacking on the eighth, but very
large, round spiracles are found dorsally on the ninth segment.
In Donacia the spiracles of the eighth segment are much en-
larged, are close together near the dorso-meson, and their bases
are prolonged into long sickle-shaped horns which aid in respira-
tion.

In some larve the eighth abdominal spiracles are wanting.
Just below the spiracles, at a variable distance from them, branch
off from the trachea leading to the spiracle, two short tracheal
appendages, which end blindly, merely forming small pockets or
sacs. They are peculiar structures found in almost all of the
larve examined, whose structure I fail to :.nderstand.

The legs are usually short and thick. In one genus of the
Hispidze, Octotoma, they are wanting. The segments seem to
be homologous with those of the beetle. The coxal segment is
much the largest, and is usually closely appressed to the body.
On the outer side it is slightly articulated with a well chitinized
tubercle which I have numbered IX, and which seems to be con-
siderably like the trochantin described by Walton. The trochan-
ter is triangular, and the femur and tibia are more or less rectan-
gular in profile. ‘The tarsus is short, somtimes hardly visible. It
bears a single claw, and in the Gallerucini a well developed em-
podium or pulvillus. Such is a brief outline of the characters of
the larve of the Chrysomelidez in the broadest sense.

In their classification of the Chrysomelide, Leconte and Horn*
divide it into eleven tribes, grouping them together as shown on
the chart. The larval types of these different tribes are easily
recognized, though their relationships appear somewhat different
from those of the adults.

The larvez of the Donaciini feed upon the roots of aquatic plants,
are cylindrical, slightly arcuate, tapering slightly cephalad from
the sixth or seventh abdominal segment, and iad Sas caudad ;

(* Vide, p. 336, LeConte and Horn, Classification of the Caladsitace. )

OF WASHINGTON. Y7

-~“ocelli are wanting, mandibles tridentate ; maxillary palpi of three
segments, galea and lacinia present but grown together and highly
specialized, forming an organ for piercing the plant tissue ; labial
palpi of one segment ; prolegs wanting ; anus situated on the ante-
rior margin of the eighth abdominal tergite; the spiracles of the
eighth abdominal segment large, situated dorsally, and their bases
developed into horns as already noted ; tubercles wanting; sete
occurring in large areas between the folds of the skin.

Of the Sagrini, I have had no larve.

Of the Criocerini, I have had but three species of two genera,
which genera seem tobe poorly defined if judged by the larve.
These species seem to be more nearly allied to the Chrysomelini,
quite distinctly so, though a iarger series might show a relation-
ship to the Donaciini. They are cylindrical larve, tapering
slightly from the middle toward either end; mandibles three to
five dentate ; ocelli six ; maxillary palpi of three segments, lacinia
wanting ; labial palpi of one segment; anal prolegs present ; ven-
tral abdominal tubercular areas protruding ventrad and function-

ing as prolegs; anus in Lema trelineata and Crioceris merdi>'/’~

gera on the anterior part of the ninth abdominal tergite, though
normal in C. asparag?¢. These two species cover the body with
excrement. ‘They feed upon foliage.

In the Chrysomelini the larve of the genera Chrysomela and
Leptinotarsa have the abdomens strongly convex, while the re-
maining genera are more or less flattened and resemble the Galle-
rucini in theirshape. Ocelli six ; mandibles five-dentate ; max-
illary palpi of three segments, lacinia wanting; labial palpi of
two segments; anal prolegs present; a large part of the larve
having glandular tubercles.

The larve of the Eumolpini are nearly allied to those of the
last tribe, are subterranean, feeding on the roots of plants, are
short, thick, cylindrical, arcuate ; ocelli wanting ; mandibles tri-
dentate or entire ; maxillary palpi of three segments, lacinia want-
ing; labial palpi of one segment; anal prolegs present ; tubercles
sometimes faintly outlined, sete strongly developed.

Different larve of the Gallerucini feed upon the foliage and
bore into the roots and stems of plants. The mosttypical shape is
that of the imported elm-leaf beetle, though the subterranean and
boring larve, such as Diabrotica, become very elongate and cylin-
drical instead of flattened. The Gallerucini seem to be the most
generalized larve. In a few genera six ocelli are present, in most
they are reduced to a single ocellus, while often the ocelli are
wanting; mandibles five-dentate; maxillary palpi of three seg-
ments, both galea and lacinia present; labial palpi of two seg-
ments; the usual pair of anal prolegs forming a single proleg;
tubercles well developed, generalized, rarely glandular, some-

times with a metallic lustre; tarsi with a well-developed pul-
villus.

28 ENTUMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

Of the Cryptocephalini, I have had no specimens. The Clyth-
rini and Chlamydini resemble each other, and I gather from de-
scriptions also the Cryptocephalide, in being case bearers and
having the abdomen bent sharply ventrad ; ocelli six ; mandibles
tridentate ; maxillary palpus of three segments, lacinia wanting ;
labial palpi of two segments, with palpiger distinct: legs elon-
gate; prolegs wanting; tubercles wanting ; ninth abdominal ter-
gite longer than those cephalad. I have had but few of the larve
of these three tribes, and but few have been described, but they
seem to be most nearly related to those of the Eumolpini.

The larve of the Hispini are leaf miners, and resemble those of
the Cerambycide more than most of the Chrysomelide. Each
segment is marked dorsally and ventrally by a transverse depres-
sion, similar to those found in the larve of the Cerambycide,
around which one may distinguish the usual sete after consider-
able study. The caudal margin of the head is produced strongly
caudad, to which projection are attached strong muscles also
attached on the under side of the pronotum. Ocelli six; mandi-
bles five-dentate; maxillary palpi of one or two segments, lacinia
wanting; labial palpi of one segment, ligula reaching anterior of
maxille, maxille and labium sometimes grown together; eighth
abdominal spiracles situated dorsally on ninth tergite and much
enlarged ; prolegs wanting.

The larve of the Cassidini are probably the most interesting
of all. They are flattened and elliptical in outline, bordered later-
ally with a row of long barbed spines (tubercles VII plus VIII
on the abdomen, VI, VII and VIII on the thorax) ; arising from

the feeci-fork. When bent forwards the tip of this fork reaches
the thorax or prothorax ; it is usually covered with the cast skins
of the larva and a mass of excrement, in which case the larva is
almost entirely covered by it and appears on the leaf like a bird
dropping. These larve have six ocelli; mandibles five dentate ;
maxillary palpi of two segments, lacinia wanting; labial palpi of
two segments; prolegs wanting; head covered by the prothorax,
mouth parts inferior.

Upon comparing the characters enumerated it is seen that the
larve arrange themselves naturally into five main groups, with a
classification somewhat as follows:

OF WASITINGTON. 29

With teclork:. .ciiee Bek) ios isp Seeehbad eens a
Without fecifork. ‘
Abdomen bent sharply ventrad, labial palpi { Cry ptocephalini. :
of two segments, palpiger distinct, case- 4 Clythrini.
hearers... hk... 1. Cryptocephalidz | Chlamydini.
Abdomen straight.

Caudal pair of abdominal spiracles on ninth segment, ab-
dominal tergites and sternites with transverse depres-
sions, body flattened, maxillary palpi of one or two seg-
EEL Nae ee MARC PBS Mey sey eRe aipeee ube ec onegy oa SARA OP Hispide.

Spiracles on first eight aisiomival segments, no'transverse
depression (except fold between annulets).

Prolegs wanting, anus situated on anterior margin of
eighth abdominal tergite. bases of eighth abdominal
spiracles forming horns .............0 .... Donaciide.

With anal prolegs. anus notasabove..Chrysomelide.

Lacinia present, anal prolegs eal claw with
PUIVEIUS (a2 520.4 590 Foi porto tiegen RAR PION.
Lacinia wanting, Aialeds double,

Labial palpi of two segments, ocelli

BAK csc easy es dao menses Chrysomelini.
Labial palpi of one segment, ocelli
WATE 265 sas bean as nak AN be Eumolpini.
Labial palpi of one segment, ocelli
GER. coun ors an cases as encarta Criocerini.

These five larval types are very distinct. There is less simil-
‘arity between some of them than between them and larve of other
families. It seems probable therefore that they indicate a better
classification of the Chrysomelide, ranking it as a superfamily,
and dividing it into five distinct families. This is indeed almost
the same classification as that of entomologists early in the last
century.

It is obvious that from the many characters which the adult
beetles have in common that entomologists have had good reason
for considering the Chysomelidz as but one family and its various
subdivisions merely as series. But as Dr. Weismann has well

shown in his ‘+ Studies in the Theory of Descent,” treating of
lepidopterous larvee, the generic and family relationshi Ips are
most clearly to be discerned in that stage of insects in which these
classes differ most in their habits. He there points out the in-
congruities between the larvae of Lasiocampa, Clisiocampa, and
allied genera, and most of the other genera then included in the
Bombycide. and makes the query whether or not morphological
diflerences do not exist in the adults so that these genera should
form a distinct family. Further study of the moths has shown
several distinctive characters, notably the wing venation, and the

30 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

Lasiocampide are now ranked as a family. He also shows
that genera based on larval and imaginal characters more
nearly coincide in their relation to each other than higher
groups so founded. The following passage.seems especially
pertinent to the case in hand: ‘‘In families there is again an
increase of irregularity. Although larval and imaginal families
generally agree, there are so many exceptions that the groups
would be smaller if they were based exclusively on the larval
structure than if founded on the imagines (Nymphalidae, Bom-
bycidz).” ‘‘If we turn to the groups of families we find a
considerably increased incongruence ; complete agreementis here
again rather the exception; and it further happens in these cases
that it is always the larve which, to a certain extent, remain at a
lower grade, and which form well defined families, but these can
seldom be associated into groups of a higher order, having a com-
mon character, as in the case of the imagines (Rhopolocera).”
The numerous instances further sited by Dr. Weismann in dif-
ferent orders further confirm this view, whose truth must be
apparent. Now the adultsofall the Chrysomelina feed upon foli-
age externally, but the larva are much more variable in their
habits, far more distinct in structure, and thus, as might be ex-
pected, show more clearly their relationships. As an example,
LeConte and Horn have classed the two tribes, Hispini and Cas-
sidini, as Cryptosomes upon their having ‘‘ front inflexed, mouth
inferior.” If, as they state, the larvez of both these tribes had the
habit of covering themselves with excrement, their relationship
would seem more clear, but such is notthe case. The two larve
are very dissimilar, the latter approaching the Erotylide and
Coccinellide, while the former resemble those of the Ceram-
_bycide, between which there is certainly no very great similarity.
This is the most striking instance in which the classification of
the larve differs from that of the adults, though others are
numerous. Inasmuch as the characters used to separate many
groups of the Chrysomelina are confessedly unsatisfactory, it
would seem that the relationships so clearly exhibited between
the different groups of larve may be of considerable value in
securing a natural classification, or, if that be not possible, at
least add to our knowledge of the phylogeny of this large group
of beetles.

This paper excited much interest, and was discussed by several of
the members present. Dr. Gill said that one of the families should
_be called Cassidide, instead of Casside,* this being the proper
family name derived from the genus Cassida; there was also a
family of Gasteropod Molluscs called Casside. He asked if the

* This correction has been made in the body of the article.—Publication
Committee.

OF WASHINGTON. 31

imagines bore out the classification of the larva. Mr. Sander-
son replied that, roughly, they did; he was not ready, however,
to draw sharp conclusions, not having examined sufficient ma-
terial. Mr. Ashmead showed how the larval characters of Hy-
menoptera bore out the classification of the adults, and also
spoke of the value of the position of the ocelli in larval Homop-
tera and of their development into the eompound eyes of the
adult.

—The second paper, ‘* General Notes,” was by Dr. Howard.
In the March number of ‘* Entomological News,” Prof. John B.
Smith had reeorded some observations which seemed to contra-
dict the statement made by Dr. Howard that the larve of Culex
did not stay under water longer than one minute, but came fre-
quently to the surface to breathe. Having doubts as. to the cor-
rectness of Prof. Smith’s determination of the larve,he sent to

him for specimens. The first lot received was Culex pungens
_while the second and following lots were Aédes. This latter
genus, being possessed of tracheal gills, can breathe under water,
and Dr. Howard had no doubt that all of the specimens observed »
by Prof. Smith to remain for any length of time under water be-
long to this genus.

OcTOBER 24, I9QOI.

The 162d regular meeting was held at the residence of Mr. E.
A. Schwarz, 230 New Jersey avenue N. W. Dr. Dyar occu-
pied the chair, and the following members were also present:
Messrs. Kotinsky, Caudell, Morris, Hay, Busck, Barber, Ash-
mead, Gill, Heidemann, Patten, Schwarz, Currie and Benton.
Mr. William R. Reinick, of the Wagner Institute of Science,
Philadelphia, and Mr. W. V. Warner, of Washington, D. C.,
were present as visitors. The name of Mr. A. A. Doolittle,
Central Iligh School, Washington city, was proposed for mem-
bership, and he was elected. The resignations from correspond-
ing membership.of Messrs. J. W. Toumey and William J. Fox
were read and accepted.

Under Short Notes and Exhibiton of Specimens, Mr. Caudell
showed blown larve of ants, ant lions, and various other insects,
which are not usually inflated, prepared by himself. A discus-

\

32 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

sion followed as to the relative value, for purposes of study, of
alcoholic and inflated larve. Mr. Schwarz considered alcoholic
preservation best for coleopterous larve, while Dr. Dyar said
that in the Lepidoptera inflated specimens were by far the best.
Speaking of ants, Mr. Ashmead recommended for study the
papers on these insects by Prof. Wheelér, of the University of
Texas.

—Mr. Schwarz exhibited the work of a Scolytid beetle (presum-
ably Dendroctonus approximatus Dietz) in portions of the bark
of Pinusponderogsa, illustrating how quickly a tree may be killed
by this pest. These specimens were obtained at Flagstaff, Ari-
zona, during the past summer. This species is the only one
which is fatal to the pine in that locality, the other Scolytide
producing only secondary injury.

—Mr. Schwarz also reported that Mr. Barber and himself had
taken two species of Myrmecophilous Staphylinide at Las Vegas,
New Mexico, last summer, in the nests of Léometopum species.
These were described by. Wasmann in Wiener Entomologische
Zeitung, XX, pp. 145 to 147, 1901,as Dinardilla liometopi, and
Apteronina schmzttt, new genera and species, from specimens
collected at Cotopaxi, Colorado, by Prof. Jerome Schmitt.

—Mr. Heidemann showed two adults and a larva of the Coreid
bug Stachyocnemus apicalis Dallas, collected by him last August
in a sandy field near Washington city. This species, though of
wide distribution, having been recorded from Florida, Texas,
Mexico, Dakota, Colorado, and Missouri, has not before been
reported from the District of Columbia, and may be considered
as quite rare.

—Mr. Hay showed one specimen of the butterfly Veonympha
gemma Hubner, which was taken by him in Nickajack Cave,
Tennessee. This seems to be the first butterfly recorded from a
cave.

——In regard to the Tree Crickets, Mr. Caudell stated as his
opinion that the common and injurious species in the northern
States was Gicanthus fasciatus Fitch, not zéveus Serville.

—Dr. Dyar exhibited specimens of the moths and larve of
Triprocrts smithsonianus Clem., and presented a description of
the larva, the first larva of the genus to be described, as follows:

OF WASHINGTON. Lf nee

DESCRIPTION OF THE LARVA OF TRIPROCRIS SMITH-
‘“SONIANUS CLEMENS.

By Harrison G Dyar.

Found at Salida and Otis, Colorado, July 25th.
~Pyromorphid shaped, rounded, flattened elliptical. Head rounded,

bilobed, elongate, the clypeus touching the large membranous vertical
triangle, shining brown, sutures darker; entirely concealed in the hood
of joint 2. Hood hairy. On joints 3 and 4, five warts; on 5 to 12, four
_warts; on 13 a large diffuse wart. Subdorsal warts V-shaped, the lateral
oblique, lower subventral small, the rest large, low, pale whitish, many
haired with short brownish black-tipped bristles and a few longer pale
hairs; only one or two such from the upper two warts. Diffuse black
lines dorsal, lateral, stigmatal and subventral, all the rest of the space be-
tween the warts shaded in pale brick red, except along warts iv-+v where
whitish prevails. Feet on joints 7 to 10 and 13, normal, short, with a
few hairs outwardly. Spiracles round, pale, conical centrally. At ma-
turity the dorsal black band was widened intersegmentally, with paired
white, glandular spots in the position of depressed spaces (1) of the Coch-
lidiide, white-edged, the edge passing through the center of warts
it+ii; below this a pale salmon-colored band; lateral black line narrow,
waved, white edged; a narrow salmon line; stigmatal black band dotted,
broadly white below; subventral black line dotted, without distinct white
edging; venter pale, thorax ventrally and feet orange; traces of a broken
ventral black line. ie

Cocoon in the ground or leaves, white, of flocculent silk,
opaque, flattened, as usual in the group.

Food plant: Adlionia nyctaginea, kindly determined by Mr.
C. L. Pollard.

—Mr. Schwarz showed twigs covered with some unknown
kind of insect eggs, collected by him at Williams, Arizona, last
July. Mr. Pergande, he said, had found a single larva among
them which was pretty certainly that of a Dipteron (perhaps a
species of Asz/us according to Mr. Pergande).

—Mr. Morris stated that during the past summer he had ob-
served at two places on Stein’s Mountains, Southeastern Oregon,
swarms of a Locustid (Azabrus purpurascens Uhler). They
were defoliating everything in their path, even the *‘ salt-bushes.”’
The larger swarm covered an area of about one hundred square
yards.

—A paper submitted for publication by Prof. A. D, Hopkins
was then read by title. It is as follows;

34 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

A NEW GENUS OF SCOLYTIDS FROM FLORIDA.
By A. D. Hopkins.

Erineophilus gen. nov.
Fig. 2.

Head medium in size; not rostrate, front narrow and fringed in the Q ;
broader, convex and nearly smooth in the %’; anterior margin (epistoma)
(Fig 2, 2) strongly produced over base of mandibles; eyes oblong, nar-
row, closely joined to antennal scrobe and extending more than half their
length above it. Mawzlla (Fig. 2, 6) short, broad; cardo more than one-
half as long as remaining portion and less than one-half as broad at base;
stipes short continuous with sub-galea but with distinct suture between it
and the palpiger, which is large, stout, and as long as the three-jointed
palpi, its outer angle bearing numerous long hairs, the tips of which extend
beyond the tip of the palpus; galea narrow, as long as palpi, and armed on
the inner edge with closely set compressed teeth with rounded tips; palpi
stout, distinctly three-jointed, the joints nearly equal in length; joint 1
nearly twice as broad as 2, which is also nearly twice as broad as 3, which
is truncate at tip; 1 and 2 with a few hairs on the outer portion toward
the anterior margins. Menfum (dorsal view) (Fig. 2, c, d) short, rather
broad, anterior portion broader than base; ligula short, conate, not extend-
ing to tip, sparsely clothed with short hairs; palpi difficult to define, ap-
pear to be two-jointed and differ in the sexes as indicated in the figures.
That of the $' (c) appears to have the second joint globular and the tip
concave, and the inner edge armed with a small chitinous piece, while in
the Q (d) it is narrower toward the tip, obliquely excavated and the surface
chitinous. Antenne (Fig. 2, a): funiculus six-jointed (appears to be five-
jointed in some examples), joint 1 large, globular, nearly as long as the
others united, 2-5 about equal length, 5-6 compressed, closely joined, ir-
regular and difficult to determine, except in balsam under high magnifica-
tion; club oblong, compressed, broadly rounded from middle to tip, nar-
rowing toward base, divided on its outer face by two sutures, the first
nearly straight, the second strongly curved, inner surface shining not
annulated. In balsam the first suture shows a prominent chitinous piece,
as in figure; the remaining surface, especially near the suture, marked
with numerous punctures, and clothed with long hairs which rise from
minute granules. Scape simple, clavate, scarcely as broad as the first joint
of funiculus.

Front tarst (Fig. 2, f) slender, shorter than tibiz, joint increasing in
length from base, 1 short and constricted in middle, 2 broader at tip,
3 simple, oval-cylindrical, 4 short and narrow but distinct, 5 rather stout
at tip and as long as 2 and 3 together.

Front tibte (Fig. 2, e) stout, broad at base, slightly broader at tip,
upper or outer edge armed with three or four stout, broad, triangular
teeth, connected with transverse elevations on the outer face, and increas-

OF WASHINGTON. 35

on “SEY ee . iy
tigen -« 2

\ : i)

Fic. 2.—Erineophilus schwarzi nov. gen., et sp.. 1. Adult, dorsal view.
x 22.7. 2. Adult Q lateral view. x22.7. a. Antenna (as seenin balsam)..
x 133-4. & Maxilla. x 133.4. c. Mentum (palpi imperfectly defined).
x 133-4. @ Mentum 2. x 133.4. ¢. Tibia, showing upper surface, x
133.4. f. Tarsus. x 133.4. g. Epistoma. x 133.4. 4%. Prosternum and
cox. x 66.7. z. Section of elytra. x 66.7. 7. Section of pronotum. x
66.7. &. Tip of elytra and abdomen, showing pygidium and edge of last
ventral segment. x50. ¢@, Maleorgan. x 133.4.

ing in size toward the outer angle, which is strongly produced into a
broad outward and upward curved mucron; inner edge nearly straight,
pubescent, angle with cylindrical upward curved tooth. Middle and hind
tibiz narrow at base, dilated towards tip, and evenly serrated on outer
edge; outer angle not produced but broadly rounded to inner angle.

Front coxe (h) widely separated, large, almost contiguous with an-
terior margin of prosterum. Middle and hind coxe small.

Prothorax: sternum (f) broad, sub-quadrate; episterum with poster-
ior portion (2) excavated for reception of femur; notum slightly shorter
than broad, sides parallel and margined to middle, anterior portion

36 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

broadly rounded, declivous, concealing the head from above, roughened
with transverse rugosities (7) posterior surface smooth, shining, punc-
tured, basal angle acute.

Mesothorax: episternum (2) large, opaque; epimerum very small,
narrow, obscure.

Metathorax: episterum narrow, elevated, base strongly oblique, ven-
tral angle acute; sternum large, with short median groove toward the
posterior margin, in Q.

Abdomen: ventral segments 1 and 2 equal width, both together as long
as the others united, 3, 4, and 5 equal length, sutures nearly straight,
posterior margin of 5 concave, not strongly reflexed as is usual; pygid-
ium, (#), prominent and extending beyond tip of elytra in both sexes,
but much more pubescent in the (’, strongly punctured in the @ ; propygi-
dium smooth, chitinous and the posterior margin more shining i in the Q,
not chitinous in the Q.

Elytra: sides parallel or faintly rounded for more than half their
length, slightly wider in middle than prothorax, not elevated or roughened
at base, but faintly margined; surface nearly smooth, shining, strie and
interspaces punctured in rows, declivity plain.

Type of genus, Hrineophilus schwarzi described from 18 speci-
mens (11 $Y and 7 o'c'), submitted by Mr. E. A. Schwarz.
Two specimens of each sex were dissected, the remaining 9 ¢
and 5 dd’ are in the type series, two retained by the author, and
the others, including the % and & types, are in the National
Museum Collection (No. 6242).

The species upon which this genus is founded may be further
described, as follows:

Etrineophilus schwarzt sp. nov.
Female type (Gocoanut Grove, Fla., April 26).

Length, 1.7 mm.*; color, yellowish-red; posterior portion of prothorax
to abdomen, darker; head and ventral surface dark; legs and antenne
yellow. Head with front convex, middle of convex surface polished,
shining, densely fringed with long yellow hairs, which extend around the
anterior margin almost concealing the epistoma and mandibles. .Head
withdrawn so that posterior portion cannot be'seen. Base of prothorax
emarginate. losterior portion of proépisternum shining. Elytra shining,
margined at base, surface glabrous, except on sides which are faintly
and sparsely pubescent; striz punctured but not impressed, interspaces
not elevated and with median row of punctures slightly smaller than
those of the strie; declivity not steep, smooth, punctures fine, apical
margin slightly retuse, exposing the pygidium; ventral segments 1 and 2
distinctly punctured.

Male type (Cocoanut Grove, Fla., dae tember 25).

* See p. 37, note.

OF WASHINGTON. 37

Length, 1.5 mm.*}; equals description of 2 in all respects except the
head, which has the front convex, smooth, sub-opaque, faintly punctured
and with faint median line; epistoma clothed with long hairs, extending
over base of mandibles.

The characters here defined vary but slightly in the other exam-
ples before me. The ¢¥ are generally smaller and vary more in
size. When exposed the posterior portion of the head is found
to be sub-opaque and punctured to vertex. The elytral striz and
interspaces are slightly more distinct in some examples than in
others.

Systematic Posttion of the Genus.

This genus seems to represent a distinct group coming between
Blandford’s groups Scolytides and Hexicolides. These three
groups may be distinguished as follows:

A. “Anterior tibie produced at the upper apical angle beyond the tar-
sal insertion into a mucro, or bifid process” (Blandford); upper border
unarmed. Third joint of tarsi bilobed.

SCOLYTIDES.
(Scolyti.)
(Comptoceri. )
(Bothrosterni).

B. Anterior tibize strongly produced at the upper apical angle into an
upward curved process; upper border armed. Third joint of tarsi not
bilobed.

ERINEOPHILIDES.
(Erineophili.)

C. ‘‘Anterior tibiz not produced beyond the tarsal insertion” ( Bland.)
HEXACOLIDES.
HYLESINIDES.
TOMICIDES.

* Detailed measurements and ratios.

I. 9 Q9Q average 166mm. Maximum1.75. Minimum 1.50.

2. 50d average 1.53 mm. Maximum 1.65. Minimum 1.30.

r.9 QQ. Mean ratio of length of prothorax to width, 94%.

Mean ratio of length of prothorax to length of elytra, 59%.

Mean ratio of width of elytra to length of elytra, 699: mean 74 (ex-
presses specific value of composite character. )

2. 5d. Mean ratio of length of prothorax to width, 95%.

Mean ratio of length of prothorax to length of elytra, 58%.

Mean ratio of width of elytra to its length, 69%; mean 74 (expresses
specific value of composite character.)

38 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

The declivous asperated pronotum concealing the head from
above indicates affinites with Tomicides, but the mouth parts,
tibia, tarsi, widely separated anterior coxe, and exposed pygidium
furnish characters which separate it from this and all other
groups as at present recognized.

I am under obligations to Mr. E. A. Schwarz for the privilege
of describing this interesting genus and species. He also sug-
gested the generic name.

In discussing the paper Mr. Schwarz said that this species was
of economic importance, as it bored under the bark of branches
of the Banyan trees (/cws), thus killing them.

The first paper read was that of Dr. Dyar, entitled:

A NEW FORM OF CLISIOCAMPA FROM COLORADO.
By Harrison G. Dyar.

Clistocampa fragzlis, the common species of this genus in Col-
orado, feeds upon a variety of plants, including wild cherry, rose
and aspen, occasionally, but not normally, on the oak. A larva
was met with sparingly in the Platte Canyon near Denver, Col-
orado, feeding exclusively on the oak and differing in habits and
coloration from the common form. Later it was seen in abun-
dance at Sedalia, Colorado. The species is nearly allied to the
Californian C. comstricta Stretch.

‘The eggs were found on the lower twigs of the dwarf oaks
in small rings without any covering; these were eggs of the pre-
vious season. The larve fed at first in colonies, spinning no tent,
only just enough web to hold them to the branches as with C.
disstr¢a of the Atlantic States. Later they wandered separately
in search of the young leaves which were all they would eat. The
larva has a black head, blue powdered in the sutures. The body
is as usual, short haired, the lateral tufts as in comstrzcta but more
reddish, less contrasting. Orange markings well developed,
consisting of a dorsal band constricted at the anterior third of the
segment, marked with black and obscurely blue centered; a sub-
dorsal and a lateral line, practically continuous, running into pale
orange transverse mottling in the incisures; traces of substigma-
talorange. Blue markings reduced ; two lateral patches, the pos-
terior one a transverse line cut by the subdorsal band; subventral
region washed in pale blue. The black ground color on the sides,
especially of joints 3,4 and 12, appears as conspicuous transverse
lines. Hairs reddish, scarcely tufted dorsally, orange or white
on the sides.

OF WASHINGTON, 39 ©

The moths differ in color in the sexes as with C. constricta.
The male is pale, two brown, narrow lines on the fore wings, the
hind wings more or less shaded with brown. Female brown,
two dark paler-edged lines on fore wings, the hind wings brown
shaded. ‘There is more of a yellowish tint to the wings than in
C. constricta, the brown irrorating scales offering more contrast
to the ground ‘color.

We would call this species, or local race of the Californian
species, Cléstocampa tigris from the striped markings of the
larva.

Eggs, larve and imagoes were exhibited. Mr. Caudell thought
this species was of some economic importance, as it defoliated
the scrub oaks. Dr. Dyar said it was reported to him as com-
mon some years, other years less so.

_ . The second paper was then presented by Mr. Schwarz, entitled,

‘¢ The Coleoptera of semi-Tropical Florida.”

The beetles of semi-tropical Florida were twenty years ago
estimated at 500 species. Now, however, 1,500 species are
known from there, of which 227, representing 182 genera, are
characteristic. The semi-tropical fauna is found in isolated spots
on the east and west coasts of Florida, on some of the Keys, and
through the West Indies, Venezuela, and Yucatan. This fauna
embraces two families not found elsewhere, 157 species of wide
distribution, 61 species belonging to the Austroriparian region,
and 44 not found outside of the peninsula of Florida. Of these
last, twenty-three only belong to the semi-tropical fauna. He |
compared this fauna with that of Baja California.

The paper was discussed, by several of the members. Mr.
Ashmead referred to the term ‘‘ precinctive species,” used by
Dr. David Sharp in the sense of ‘‘ characteristic.” Mr. Schwarz
thought ‘‘ characteristic” a better term.

NOVEMBER 14, I9QOl.

The 163d regular meeting was held at the residence of Mr.
Wm. H. Ashmead, 1807 Belmont avenue N.W. President Dyar
occupied the chair. The other members present were Messrs.
Schwarz, Pratt, Stiles, Benton, Patten, Barber, Heidemann,
John B. Smith, Howard, Kotinsky, Busck, Caudell, Currie,

40 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

Doolittle, Sanderson, Ashmead, and Quaintance. Messrs. F. A.
Merrick, H. T. Fernald, Franklin Sherman, Jr., C. B. Simpson,
and William G. Dietz, were in attendance as visitors.

Mr. Franklin Sherman, Jr., of Raleigh, North Carolina, was
nominated for corresponding membership, and Mr. C. B. Simp-
son, of the U.S. Department of Agriculture, for active member-
ship. The resignations of Mr. Frank E. Chapin and Mr. Theo.
Holm, both on the list as active members, were received and
accepted.

Under the head of Short Notes and Exhibition of Specimens,
Dr. Howard mentioned the larva of a grain moth, Pyrazusta
farinalis Linné, which had been sent him from a place out west
in material said to have been voided by a child. Dr. Stiles then
reported upon other matter found in the same material. This,
he said, after some study and conjecture, proved to be partially .
digested cells of the banana, although possessing a superficial
resemblance to segments of the tape-worm, Diplidium caninum.
A half dozen similar cases had previously been referred to the
Agricultural Department.

—Mr. Heidemann exhibited some seed pods of the sycamore
upon which were eggs of the Lygeid bug, Belonochilus nu-
mentus Say, together with alcoholic larve and eggs of the same.
They were all on the under side of the pods, some of them seem-
ing to be parasitized.

—Mr. Merrick showed several specimens of the moth Psez-
danaphora mora Grote, taken by him at New Brighton, Penn-
sylvania, on October 12 of this year, and a specimen of an unde-
termined species of Noctuid, no doubt strayed from the West
Indian or Central American fauna, captured by him at the same-
place on August 5.

—Mr. Schwarz exhibited specimens of a Coccinellid beetle
Eixochomus (Axion) plagiatus Olivier, found feeding upon a
species of Lecanium on oak (Quercus artzonicus) at Prescott,
Arizona, on the r9th and 20th of last June. This beetle was
described from Mexico without more definite locality, and its
exact home is therefore not known. Since the species occurs in
enormous numbers of specimens, Mr. Schwarz thought it could
be used for transportation into the olive orchards of Southern
California as a natural enemy of the Black Scale (Lecanzum

OF WASHINGTON, hl

olee). Dr. Howard said that he considered this an important
discovery, and this beetle’s utility in combatting the Black Scale
should be tested, as no remedy for this pest had yet been found.
Prof. Smith remarked that Axochomus tripustulatus fed in some
numbers upon the San José Scale in New Jersey.

—Dr. Stiles called the Society’s attention to the fact that the
Florida University last summer conferred upon Mr. Ashmead
the master’s degree in recognition of the importance and excel-
lence of his scientific work.

—Dr. Dyar showed a co-type of Chionobas katahdin, recently
described from Mt. Katahdin, Maine, by Mr. H. H. Newcomb
(Ent. News, XII, 206, 225, plate 12, 1901), presented to the
National Museum by Mr. Newcomb. With it specimens of
C. norna, its variety fudla, C. taygete and C. semidea for com-
parison, and a series of specimens collected by Mr. W. J. Peters
on the north side of the Koyukak river, Alaska. C. katahdin,
on the upper surface, does not differ from C. zornva. Below it
is darker than zormva, the band and strigulation more diffuse,
approaching semzdea, and with distinct submarginal dots as in
the specimen of ¢aygete shown. ‘These so-called species seem
to be forms of one true species, as the series from Alaska indi-
cates. This series shows forms that may be referred to fud/a,
taygete, and semzdea, yet they intergrade in a suspicious manner
as if they were but variations of one type. C. katahdin, how-
ever, doubtless holds true to its own slightly divergent form in
its circumscribed locality, and it is a matter of opinion whether it
be referred to as an isolated local form or as a species. There
seem in any case too many names for the American forms of
Chionobas. C. katahdin is not the only form, collected from
an isolated locality, that has. received a name. The following
table associates them in what may be a natural order. The last
ten ‘‘species” are very poorly separated and may have to be
ultimately united. The names of the species are following
Skinner’s recent catalogue which differ somewhat from those on
Edwards’ magnificent plates :

49 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCTETY

SYNOPTIC TABLE OF THE NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF
CHIONOBAS.

By Harrison G. Dyar.

Large, sexes similar, wings broadly fulvous with only the veins
Bhd Margins: DrOWN ss isiceits seckd cass Hoivus Nepean Woie a nbveW'usVede Spans macountt
Large but the sexes dihetailae, the male with a distinct band of raised
blackish scales across the disk of fore wings.
Fulvous color bright, orange tinted.
Hind wings fulvous over all the surface.
Basal fuscous shade of primaries scarcely covering
the sex mark; secondaries below ooops
strigate in white and brown ..........-..4 weces coves AOVAAENSIS
Fuscous of primaries covering the sex eee in deci
secondaries below mottled and with the usual median

TUBE och dices Sen chet biden U) sas oo Oe Raa SRA RGA Gach enengeee is) chryxus
Hind wings with the fulvous in a submarginal band........ ......juttla
Rulvous color pale; OCUTOCCOUE 6 ios. Miss Siiden erayc wndeveysandavunwaal tvalida

Smaller, sexes similar, the male with none or but a slight sex mark. -
Secondaries below coarsely transversely striguse.
No micdiag band Gelined: below... ,-si; sa. Gascernvsne sae sdis aceabebsnive uhlere

Secondaries below mottled, not ceuapuiausle strigose.
Median band of secondaries below defined, white edged, strigose

mottled.
; : (tarpeta
Upper side strongly fulvous, veins contrasted............ ios oc
Upper side fulvous shaded, the male with a faint sex mark.
- 4 uorna
Fulvous dark, orange tinted.............ss000seeeee eek ; Lelatdin
FulvOus Dale, OChraceous:,. (25 cecsisecsgateedih sie d sds inskioe daurta*
Upper side without distinct fulvous shade.
General color pale translucent gray brown............... \julte
(orucet
More opaque umber brown ..........scsecene ses seoees ae» SUbhyalina
Dark brown, slightly fulvous .............00 seceee cesses cooas taygete
Darl) y SM CKIS A jis dod ae si ccssnsnudidepupcaites paaey aba ce's seawee sees pertiea
Median. band diffused, obscure or heats,
isray brown Or. Talvowe Tinted. se inc icnota Wevsiesenss +40). snenee eno -
By semidea
WR iCS Ty rR as oss cide ses eadecsbatesoies ean pveseneosbacecdsodws beanie

In this connection the subject of variation and geographical dis-
tribution was discussed by Mr. Schwarz and others.
Mr. Currie exhibited two specimens of the dragonfly Sympe-

* Not seen.

OF WASHINGTON. 43!

trum rubicundulum (Say), collected by him on November 7 on
the mainland opposite Plummer’s Island, Maryland, between the
canal and the river. Several specimens were seen, of which these
were the only two captured. .They were flying over, and in the
neighborhood of, some small swampy pools fed by a spring, and
one was observed to go through the motions of ovipositing. This
seemed a rather late date for dragonflies to be flying in this locality.

Prof. Smith said he had found dragonflies of this species after
the 15th of October, and after a frost, in the cranberry bogs of
New Jersey. Mr. Sanderson said he had also found this species
in Delaware late in October, and Dr. Howard mentioned having
_ collected other species at Boise, Idaho, on the 21st and 25th of the
same month.

—Dr. Dyar exhibited a lepidopterous larva, cocoon and moth,
concerning which he read the following paper :

A LEPIDOPTEROUS LARVA ON A LEAF-HOPPER.
(Epipyrops barberiana n. sp.)
By Harrison G. Dyar.

Mr. E. A. Schwarz has handed me a lepidopterous larva, co-
coon and moth, of which species he found two examples at Las
Vegas Hot Springs, New Mexico. One larva fell into his beating-
net from pine (Pzxus ponderosa), and the other was taken by Mr.
H.S. Barber, attached to a leaf-hopper which Mr. Heidemann
says is /ssws species, near auroreus Uhler of the Fulgoride,
occurring on the same tree. Mr. Barber states that the larva was
firmly attached on the dorsal surface of the abdomen under the
wings, and it required some force to remove it, but he did not
observe any attaching membrane. Mr. Schwarz at first took it
to be a species of Coccid allied to Dactylopius from its general
appearance.

Prof. J. 0. Westwood has published (Trans. Ent. Soc., Lond.,
519, 1876) an account ofa lepidopterous insect living on Fulgora
candelaria at Hong Kong, China, from material collected by
Mr. J. C. Bowring, and deposited in the British Museum. He
named it Hpcpyrops anomala, new genus and species, and placed
it in the Arctride. The larva was stated to be covered with a
cottony coat, causing it to resemble a Coccus. Later (Trans.
Ent. Soc., Lond., 433, 1877), Prof. Westwood again referred to
this insect, and cited instances of an analogous, if not identical,
species (not bred) observed by Lieut-Col. Godwin Austen upon
Aphena species (Fulgoride) in the Dillrang Valley, and by Mr.

44 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

Wood-Mason upon Barak spinosa (also Fulgoride) from
a specimen belonging to the Madras Museum. Jt was supposed
that in all these cases the larve fed upon the waxy matter secreted
by the Fulgorids. In the last instance, the larva was observed to
be attached to its host by a white membranous band on the dorsal
surface of the abdomen, but the exact nature of this band was
not determined.

The genus Epipyrops, originally referred to the Arctiide, was
placed i in the Liparide by Kirby (Cat. Lep. Het., i, 490, 1892),
and in the Limacodidze by Sharp on the opinion of Hampson
(Cambridge Nat. Hist., vi, 404, 1899). I know of no other
published references.

Unfortunately Mr. Schwarz’s single specimen is in very poor
state, being both crippled and mouldy. The antenne, however,
are well preserved, and bear remarkably long pectinations. I was —
able to make out the venation by sacrificing the wings on one
side. The forewings have vein 1 moderate, apparently simple,
Ic present, strong outwardly; veins 2 to 3 evenly spaced, remote ;
4 and 5 rather close together, 6 and 7 equally spaced, 8 and 9g
more close together, arising from the longest part of the cell, ro
and 11 equally spaced, arising from the cell toward the end, 12
free from the base. Hind wings apparently with three internal
veins, though this part of the wing is crumpled; vein 2 from
the middle of the cell, 3 well separated, 4 and 5 close together
but not so close as on the forewings; 6 and 7 well separated, the
cell well rounded, its upper vein weak; vein $ from the base,
free; male frenulum a single sharp, tapering, straight spine.
The head and legs are covered by hyphe of mould, but appear
to be as in Epipyrops, the palpi very small, the legs without per-
ceptible spurs. Thus this insect agrees generically with Epipy-
rops as far as can.be seen. A considerable portion of the wings
has been denuded of scales. Those that are left are blackish,
with pale tips, forming a grizzled gray, apparently uniformly
over the wing; hind wing blackish brown. Expanse of wings
about 8 mm. Iproposeto call the species Epcpyrops barberiana
in honor of Mr. H. S. Barber, who capably assisted Mr. Schwarz
in his valuable explorations in Arizona and New Mexico, and
who found this insect in its natural position.

The larva, preserved in alcohol, is nearly hemispherical, a
little elliptical, flat along the ventral surface, very evenly arched
dorsally. The head is rather large, retractile. ‘Thoracic feet
normal in number but very short and reduced, though perfectly
visible. Abdominal feet represented by rather large, complete,
ellipses of crochets on segments 4 to 6, and a more distinct, pro-
truded pair of feet on the last segment. The segments are short,
contracted, furnished with a considerable number of minute sec-
ondary hairs, the ordinary tubercles indistinguishable. Mr.

OF WASHINGTON. 45

Schwarz states that in life the larva was covered by a white waxy
secretion which is now dissolved by the alcohol. The secretion
of the host has likewise disappeared, both in the alcoholic and the
dry specimens, but Mr. Schwarz thinks that it was originally
present. The color of the larva is destroyed by the alcohol, but
it was an obscure whitish. All these characters agree with
Lipipyrops anomala.

As to the systematic position of this insect, I cannot agree with

any published opinion. That of Sir George Hampson, referring
it to the Limacodide is the most reasonable, but is negatived,
among other characters, by the structure of vein 8 of the hind
wings and by the abdominal . feet of the larva. It is a Tineoid
form, apparently not referable to the Tineide proper. Mey-
rick’s tables seem to place it in the Zeuzeridze, Hampson’s in the
Dalceride; but it will probably prove deserving of separate
family rank.
_ [Dr. Howard has since called my attention to a note (Proc. Ent.
Soc. Lond., p. xx, 1883) recording this genus from Central
America, but the larve were apparently not bred. The note is
by Mr. Champion and states that larve were not infrequently
found attached to and feeding on the white cottony secretion so
abundant about some of the smaller Fulgoride. As many as
three larve had been seen attached to one imago. The Fulgori-
dz were very sluggish in their habits. ]

—Mr. Benton called attention to a particular in which, he had

observed, the Cyprian variety of bees differ in their habits from
native and Italian varieties. Instead of driving out and killing
all drones at the end of the honey harvest, they kill about four-
fifths of them and permit the others to go back into the hive,
only gradually destroying these, and, in some instances, permit-
ting a few to live over the entire winter, even in colonies nor-
mally supplied with queens. i
Dr. Dyar then presented the following paper :

NOTES ON MOSQUITOES ON LONG ISLAND, NEW YORK.
By Harrison G. Dvar.

These observations were made at Bellport and Amagansett.
The village of Bellport is on the south shore of Long Island, about
the middle of the length of the island on Great South Bay. The
land is flat and sandy, cut by sluggish streams forming lakes and
pools. The bay is strongly brackish but without salt marshes in
this vicinity. Mosquitoes were abundant in the season of rgor.

~

Yeu
og

\

46 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

The woods and grass swarmed with Culex sollicttans and C.
cantans, while Culex and Anopheles entered the house in some
numbers in spite of screens. Larve were found in various situa-
tions, as will be described in detail in the following notes. No
larvee were seen, however, in any body of water large enough to
be roughened by the wind, nor in any water so shaded by the
woods as to be dark. Several suspicious looking pools hidden
in the dark woods were barren of mosquito larve, though the
adults swarmed there as they did almost everywhere else.

Anopheles crucians Wied.

This was the commonest Anopheles in the house, though not
bred from collected larvae. Several examples were taken in the
act of biting.

Anopheles punctipennis Say.

Not common as adult, though the larve occurred in numbers
with the following species in nearly equal proportion. Dr.
Howard states in his publications on mosquitoes that the larva
differs from that of maculipennis, ‘‘ chiefly in the markings of the
head.” I was not able, however, to differentiate them by this or
any other very definite character. The Anopheles larve occur
in two forms, one with the back spotted with white, the other un-
spotted. These were separated, but gave both species in nearly
equal proportion. A puddle formed by rain at the side of the
road contained a pure colony of puzctipennzs, and these were
almost entirely of the white spotted form. This particular colony
was entirely killed by the drying of the puddle shortly after I had
collected from it. A similar puddle near Washington, D. C.,
contained this species, unmixed.

Anopheles maculipennts Meig.

The larve occurred more or less commonly in nearly every pool
and pond, and even in the blacksmith’s rain-water barrel. A few
could be found along the stagnant margins of swiftly flowing
streams. A. punctipennis usually occurred mixed, in fact it was
generally slightly the more abundant of the two. The Anopheles
imagoes did not fly about the streams where their larve occurred,
at least they did not attempt to bite, whereas swarms of Culex
occurred in such localities, especially C. soll¢cctans, whose breed-
ing places were miles away. ‘The maculation of the Anopheles
larva varies from none to a few dots or a complete band of white
pigment down the back. This pigment is in the skin, and is often
very white like porcelain. The larvae seem darker asa rule than
punctipennis, and the white spots, when present, are more con-
trasted. The heads seem to me to be practically identical,

OF WASHINGTON. 47

Culex sollicttans Walk.

Abundant everywhere; the most common mosquito. They
were very troublesome except at the actual breeding places, where
they were scarcely more fierce than house flies. Apparently
they are not prepared to bite immediately after emergence. The
breeding places of this mosquito were not found till near the end
of my stay, so that I had begun to think I should not find them
at all. However a place was found at Amagansett where the
species bred in swarms. The land behind the beach at this point
is low and had been flooded at some time previously by high
waves; subsequent rains had diluted this water. The swampy
pool which it formed, full of grass, was examined on September
16th. It was at that time scarcely perceptibly brackish to the
taste. It contained many pupe and a few well-grown larve ; no
young ones. ‘The grass in and about the pool fairly swarmed
with freshly emerged sod/écztans. A heavy rain had occurred the
previous day so that the pool was evidently more diluted than it
had been and it was too fresh for normal breeding. Of the ex-
amples carried home those at first emerging were all so//icztans,
but the later ones were cantans. I did not at this time differ-
entiate the larve of these species. They must be very similar.
The adult must fly considerable distances. It was noted at Yap-
hank, which is three miles from the bay and over six miles from
the ocean. It was only somewhat less common than cazfans
at that place, and I should judge it capable of reaching the mid-
dle of the island (15 miles). Since writing the preceding re-
marks, Prof. J. B. Smith has loaned me some larve that he is
sure are solltcttans. They are indeed very similar to my can-
tans. The hairs area little shorter, the air tube also shorter, be-
ing scarcely more than twice as long as wide, and the lateral
comb of the eighth abdominal segment consists of fewer, slightly
more irregularly shaped spines ; but the characters are so slight
that [ am doubtful if they can be used in practical differentia-
tion.

Culex cantans Meigen.

Nearly as common as the preceding, and more troublesome
and persistent in the woods, though less common in the house.
The larve breed in fresh-water swamps formed by rain in low
lying, grassy places. A low place near the beach at Bellport,
located much as the one at Amagansett above referred to, but
lying behinda higher bar of sand, was not reached by the high
waves. It wasdry on August 27th but was filled with fresh water
by subsequent rains. On September 13th it contained many
larve in various stages of development, some of which pupated
the following day. They emerged mostly caztans, though one

48 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

example of so//’c’tans came out with the white ring on the pro-
boscis very small and a larva of ferrztans was seen with the
others. The larve fed on the flocculent brown sediment at the
bottom of the pool. Some transferred to jars converted all of the
sediment included with them into pellets of frass in a few days. _
A fresh-water Hydroid occurred in the same pool and proved a
serious enemy to the mosquitoes. A single example fastened it-
self to the side of the glass and devoured all of the larve but one
before it was noticed what was going on. It caught the larve
with its tentacles and digested them bodily. Some of the larve
were nearly covered with a little stalked Protozoon (Vorticella),
but it seemed to do them no obvious harm.

Culex tentorhynchus Wied.

Not common, though several were taken, both out of doors
and in the house. The larva was not met with.

Culex pipiens Linn.

This species, bred commonly in every rain-water barrel, bucket,
or old tin can in the town, and apparently nowhere else. The
larva was not seen in any of the natural bodies of water. The
fly entered the house to some extent, but ‘vas not much trouble
out of doors, except on the porch, and even there sollzcztans was
the more persistent. The larve feed upon bacteria.. A dish of
water which was turbid and foully smelling was quickly cleared
and all odor destroyed by these larve. Some were introduced
into water from which a number of canztans larve had just been
removed, intending them as food for the Hydroid; but they all
died in a few hours without any obvious reason. Apparently
they cannot live in water fit for caztans, which lived in this
same water for weeks afterward. There seems no reason to
doubt but that this species is really the European C. pzpzexs Linn.

Culex territans Walk.

This was identified for me by Mr. Coquillett, as were all the
species. It was previously known to him only by Walker’s de-
scription, and there seem to have been no specimens in American
collections. The fly was not common, and looks very much like
pipiens, so that it would have been hard to identify it in the
field. The larve prefer cold water. A cold spring, forming a
pool about 20 feet in diameter, contained numbers of these
larve, with a few Anopheles; a rather cold lake formed by adam
ina small stream overhung by trees contained some larve with an
abundance of Anopheles and a very few Uranotenia. They were
not found in a warm, scammy pool, which yielded the other
species freely. The larva is distinct from the other Culex here
noted by the peculiarly colored antennz, white in the middle
and. blackish at the base and tip.

OF WASHINGTON. 49

The larve of the above four species of Culex resemble each
other in general structure. They differ in several minor char-
acters. /zpiens and territans agree in having a long, slender —
breathing tube, that of ¢errzéans being especially long, and in
the position of the antennal tuft, well developed at the outer third
of the joint. They differ in the broad head of ¢errztans with the
antenne distinctly banded with white and the narrower head of Az-
piens with pale luteous or infuscated, unbanded antenne. Soldzcz-
tans and canxtans agree in the shorter conical or fusiform breath-
ing tube, the antenne blackish at the outer half, with the tuft at
the middle of the joint, often weak or invisible. They do not
sensibly differ ; certainly not in any readily appreciable character
that I have been able to find. All the larve from the Ama-
gansett marsh had very short anal finger-shaped processes, while
those from Bellport had them moderately long, but both colonies
were mixed. Anyway, the length of the anal fingers is not a
specific character.

The habits appear to be correctly expressed as follows:

RAVING 1: COG Spr NVES ‘OF TAKES 1, ccvongdsceuieols< ves sche tages sognae venues territans.
Living in small confined bodies of rain water................... pipiens.
Enxving in-tresh- water grassy Mmavshes:<ciiceed fein be. siged es essoaness cantans.
Living in salt water grassy marshes...............se008+ cet copbieevaeat sollicttans.

Uranotentia sapphirina O.-S.

The larve occurred rather commonly in a warm pool filled
with green alge (Spirogyra) along with Anopheles. <A few
were found in the cold lake, as above noted. The little larvee
remain mostly at the surface, not being easily disturbed. They
float flatly, though below the surface film, and were several times
mistaken for the Anopheles with which they occurred. The
head is elongate and blackish brown, the hairs of the first two
abdominal segments are long, the rest short and stellate. Alto-
gether the larva presents a good generic type, quite distinct from
both Culex and Anopheles. The little adults caused no trouble
and were not seen flying. I ay. a more complete description
of this form in another place. (Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc., ix, 179,
1902.)

ae ‘of. Smith records this species as having been bred from the
pitcher plant (Ent. News. xii, 159, 190i), but he informs me by
letter that the published statement is an error and that he has not
bred sapphirina.

I exhibit, for comparison with the foregoing, drawings of
Psorophora ciliata Fab., made from Dr. Howard’s specimens
which were loaned to me by Mr. Kotinsky, Aédes smzthzi Coq.,
from pitcher plant larve obligingly sent to me by Prof. Smith,
after whom the species was named, Stegomyia fasctata Fab.,
from larve which I owe to the kindness of Dr. W. C. Reed, of
the Army Medical Museum, and Culex confinds Lynch, which I

50 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

collected near Washington, D. C. Prof. Smith has also let me
see larve of Culex canadensis Theobald, which I cannot distin-
guish from C. canxtans very sharply. The air tube is a little
longer and slenderer, and the anal fingers are longer than the
segment, but these characters seem varietal rather than specific,

These drawings cover all the mosquito larve known at the time
of writing. It appears from Dr. Howard’s book that Culex ¢m-
piger had been bred; but I learn from Mr. Coquillett that this is
an error, and that the flies bred by Mr. Pratt as there described
(page 79) really belong to C. pzpzens. I have myself examined
Mr. Pratt’s flies and agree with Mr. Coquillett.

Finally, | show a drawing of a very curious larva without
mouth brush, the antenne jointed on the upper surface of the head
instead of on the sides, and a lateral fringe on the widest part of
the head. The last thoracic segment and first two abdominal
ones bear lateral conical prolongations. ‘The air tube is short,
uniform ; anal segment with four short, often invisible, fingers, a
paired dorsal and single ventral tuft; no lateral comb on the
eighth abdominal segment. Hairs of last thoracic and first two
abdominal segments long, the rest shorter, but those of the eighth
abdominal segment longer than the preceding ones.

Mr. Coquillett has named this species Corcthra brakeleyz
(Ent. News, xiii, 85, 1902).

The following table presents the differences between our mos-
quito larve in synoptic form. I have not included Corethra or
Mochlonyx, genera belonging to the Culicide, as the adults have
no proboscis and are, therefore, not ‘‘ mosquitoes.” AZochlonyx
culictformts is roughly figured by DeGeer without mouth brush,
and with the curious bent antennz arising from the side of the
head, not from the upper surface, as in our Corethra. The larva
is said to float horizontally in the water, but it has a distinct
breathing tube, not sessile as in Anopheles.

OF WASHINGTON. 51

Mouth hairs diffusely tufted, folded inward in retraction.
Air tube short, sessile; larve floating at the surface of water.
Eyes longitudinal.
Abdominal hairs unequal; ventral brush normal, large.
Body paler, the head contrasting darker... Anopheles punctipennis.
Body darker, the head not contrasting..... Anopheles maculipennis.
Air tube longer than wide; larve floating below the surface of water.
Eyes transverse.
Air tube elongate, four times as long as wide.
Lateral comb of eighth abdominal segment a patch of simple
spines.
Antenne with tuft beyond middle of joint, large.
Head square; air tube very long........ ........Culex territans.
Head rounded; air tube moderate ................. Culex pipiens.
Air tube short, less than four times as long as wide.
Anal processes slender or reduced.
Lateral comb a patch of simple spines.......... Culex canadensis.
Culex cantans.
Culex sollicitans.
Lateral comb a row of few large spines, with
toothed: basal: Platenci5 65 c6i co Cask ese becnyebhceae das ons Culex confinis. ©
Anal processes dilated. ‘
Lateral comb a row of several spines, with
elongate basal plates... .. ........s00- sesseeeee SLEQOmyta Sasctata.
Eyes rounded or longitudinal.
Abdominal hairs equal, ventral brush absent.
Anal processes dilated (2); head without conspicu-
Avia PURE A ale ocean fs toscana Senden wes Glaus sl es ak gnuekous Aédes smithi¢.
Abdominal hairs unequal; ventral brush normal.
Anal processes slender, normal (4); head
with four large coarse black hairs....... Uranotenta sapphirina.
Mouth hairs in a pair of remote pencils, folded outward, in retraction.
Eyes longitudinal; air tube longer than wide.
Anal processes very long, tapering at tip; ventral
HPUS “PrEBONe a Kisssecene: Aacdenacaveshedeencaies jvandi Psorophora ciliata.

This communication occasioned much interest and was dis-
cussed at length by several of the members and others present.
Mr. Kotinsky said he had reared larve of Anopheles punctipennits
from pools on Mount Pleasant, D. C. Some of the larve were
of a greenish color. Prof. Smith said that, in his experience,
Anopheles bred everywhere. <A. punctipennis was the common
species in New Jersey. <A. maculipennis was much less common

52 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

and usually found mixed with puzctépennis. He had found only

one place where it occurred by itself. He also noted that some

were green and that they varied all the way from this color to

black. Green larve were usually found in marshes where there

was a good deal of surface vegetation or where the larvae were

above the surface of submerged leaves. He also found it, in one
place, in brackish water, this being the only record of this kind

in the United States, though it has been reported breeding in sait-_
ish water in Europe. Culex pipiens larve, he said. when full

grown, will stay under ice as long as eight hours without a chance
of coming to the surface. C. caxadensis is a woodland species
found in cold springs. C. solléc¢tans is the commonest species
in Southern New Jersey, and the only one observed in some locali-
ties. This species is sometimes carried a distance of at least forty

miles from its breeding places. Aédes smithiz, he thought, did

not bite in New Jersey, though Dr. Howard said that the gentle-
man who collected it in Florida reported its biting badly. It lays
its eggs in the leaves of the pitcher plant as they are just opening
and when‘no water has yet been deposited.

Dr. Howard congratulated Dr. Dyar upon his contribution to
the life-history of the mosquitoes. He was much interested in
the larval differences shown, especially as between the various
species of Culex. He alluded to the immense increase in the >
knowledge of these insects which had recently been gained, and
the many important discoveries made during the past few months
especially, many of them since the publication of his book on
mosquitoes. He spoke of the important generic differences in the
mouth-parts ; these were not mentioned by Dr. Dyar, but he
thought they would prove useful ina table. Dr. Fernald gave
an account of his experience with Corethra larve. Many hydras
were found in the jars where he had them breeding. They seemed
to momentarily paralyze the larve.

As too shorta time remained for the other papers to be read before
the hour for adjournment, it was voted that Prof. Smith be invited
to continue his remarks on the subject of mosquitoes. Doing so
he explained how he knew that C. so//ic¢tans is carried a distance
of forty miles. Their appearance at certain places away from the
salt water is dependent upon the direction of the wind, and the
species has been found at least forty miles from its nearest breed-

OF WASHINGTON. | 53

ing place. Its eggs and first larval stage were unknown to him.
He said, further, that sof/¢cztans would breed in water 25 per
cent. more salt than the sea itself. Contrary to Dr. Dyar’s obser-
vations, he had found C. AzAzens breeding in almost all kinds of
watered places except cold springs. In large bodies of water,
agitated by the wind, mosquitoes did not breed except near shore
where the water was smooth, yet here he had found them com-
monly.

DECEMBER 5, 19OI.

The 164th regular meeting was held at the residence of Dr. C.
W. Stiles, 1718 Q street, N.W., President Dyar in the chair.
There were also present Messrs. Patton, Simpson, Barber,
Quaintance, Caudell, Schwarz, Kotinsky, Gill, Howard, Busck,
Ashmead, Doolittle, Morris, Matthis, Benton, Currie, Stiles, and
Richardson, members, and Mr. Martin visitor.

The annual election of officers being then in order, the present
officers were re-elected for the year 1902. The Society then
voted that the chair appoint a new publication committee, as has
been the custom for each new volume of the ‘+ Proceedings.”
Dr. Dyar then appointed Messrs. Currie, Schwarz, Howard, and
Ashmead to act with him on this committee.

Under the heading Short Notes and Exhibition of Specimens, Mr.
Kotinsky exhibited a large series of the Reduviid bug J&@lyas cine-
tus Fabr., collected by him near Washington under the bark of
the plane tree Platanus on November 10. They were grouped
in large, compact clusters, the largest of these containing at least
twenty-five specimens. Mr. Schwarz remarked that he had also
found this insect, as well as a species of 7zzgzs and the beetle,
Nylophilus brunnipennis Lec., grouped in a similar manner
under the bark of this tree during the winter.

—-Mr. Ashmead mentioned that Prof. Wheeler, in a recent
number of the ‘‘American Naturalist,” recorded the fact that
workers in the genus Pezdo/le are parasitized by a worm belong-
ing to the genus Mermzs. This greatly increases the size of the
worker and causes it to bear some resemblance to the female.
Wheeler proposed the term JZacroergates for this form of para-
sitism.

54 | ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY
2

—Then followed the paper by Dr. Howard, entitled ‘An Out-
line Sketch of a Long Trip.” On the 17th of August last he
had, with Mr. Clifton, left Washington for Denver, Colorado, to
attend the meeting of the American Association for the Advance- .
ment of Science. Among the organizations which met there
was the Association of Economic Entomologists. Their meeting
was very interesting, and one of the principal features was the
paper by Mr. Marlatt on ‘‘ The Original Home of the San José
Scale.” Mr. Marlatt gave it as his opinion, founded largely
upon his researches in Japan, that there is nothing to show that
the San José Scale is indigenous to that country. This view
was combatted by several of the entomologists in attendance at
that meeting. A thorough exploration of Japan, made by Mr.
Marlatt since that time, established the correctness of his asser-
tion which was, moreover, conclusively settled by his discovery
of what is undoubtedly the true home of this pest.in the northern
part of China. Here it lives on native food-plants and is held in
check by its natural insect enemies.

About the first of September, Dr. Howard left Denver for
Houston, Texas, where he met Mr. Hunter, and with him spent
some time in that State investigating the Cotton-boll Weevil.
The mesquite was first seen by him near Fort Worth. A trip
was made to Austin to. see Prof. Wheeler, who has been making
such valuable contributions to the life-history and habits of the
ants. Prof. Wheeler, however, was absent from there at that
time and he did not see him.

At San Antonio he took the Mexico National Railroad direct
to Mexico City, where he intended to consult with Prof. Herrera,
Entomologist of the Mexican Government, concerning the Morel-
los Orange Fruit Worm. An interesting account was given of
the country through which the railroad passed, especially that
between Laredo and the city of Mexico. The occurrence of tree —
yuccas, mesquite, and giant cactus was mentioned in particular.

After leaving Mexico City, where he found Prof. Herrera and
spent some time with him, he took the Mexico Southern Rail-
road for Puebla and Oaxaca. Other characteristic plants were
seen on this part of the journey, among them the century plant
and cacti of various species, notably the magnificent organ cactus
and the very large Opuntias. Most of the farm hands and labor-

—

OF WASHINGTON, 55

ers in this section are Indians.- Oaxaca he found to bé a very
interesting city with some curious remnants of an old civilization,
among which were the rude ox carts commonly used there. The
Indians thereabouts are only partially civilized and are bad char-
acters, often committing robbery in the surrounding country ;
collecting is, therefore, attended with danger. Through the
kindness of a policeman, who pointed his revolver in a threaten-
ing manner at some of the Indians to keep them quiet and in posi-
tion, he was enabled to secure photographs of them. Fleas were
extremely abundant in this country as he discovered to his cost.

Owing to the almost incessant rains occurring in Mexico at
‘that time of year (September) collecting was difficult. Among
the insects obtained were a new species of Bombus, a Fulgorid
(Acrephia) pronounced new (the egg masses of which were also -
collected), and an interesting and widely distributed earwig of
good size, Sphingolabis teniata Dohrn. An egg-mass of a katy-
did (Jdicrocentrum species), given him by Prof. Herrera, differed
from those found in this country in that the eggs were laid almost
perpendicularly to the surface of the leaf, instead of horizontally.
In Oaxaca he found one entomologist who had quite a collection,
and the Oaxaca Museum also contained a collection, which was,
however, in very bad condition.

Returning to Mexico City, he proceeded from there to El Paso,
Texas, this time taking the Mexico Central Railroad. The coun-
try along this route is very similar to that on the Mexico National.
From El Paso he went to Los Angeles, California, where he met
Dr. A. Fenyes, Mr. H. C. Fall, and Mr. F. Grinnell, Jr. The
mother of the latter gentleman was much interested in natural
history objects, and among other things she had a living colony
of the very poisonous spider Lathrodectus mactans as pets. On
being told of the dangerous character of her pets she resolved
after some hesitation, to have them killed. |

From Los Angeles he proceeded to Fresno. In the latter place
he found the Smyrna figs well established, and a large crop had
been gathered. San Francisco was the next point visited ; one of
the most interesting things, in his opinion, found here is the
beautiful little island of Belvidere in San Francisco Bay, with its
unique and picturesque dwellings. Portland, Oregon; Seattle,
Washington, and Moscow, Idaho, were then visited in turn. At -

56 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

the latter place he met the entomologist, Prof. J. M. Aldrich, and
was favorably impressed with his work. Boise City was stopped at
briefly, and from there he passed through Wyoming and returned
home. Dr. Howard’s account of his trip was illustrated by many
photographs taken ez route of objects and places of interest.

At the conclusion, questions were asked and discussion par-
ticipated in by Messrs. Doolittle, Gill, Kotinsky, Stiles, and
Schwarz. Mr. Schwarz, speaking of the Chzlocorus which preys
upon the San José scale, said that C. szmzlzs, the form found in
North China, was extremely like our C. dzvudnerus, in fact, almost
indistinguishable, and more especially like the race of dzvulnerus
occurring in California. He recalled how C. dzvulnerus, origi-
nally found on oak in Florida, transferred itself to the orange when
orange culture began to become general in the central part of the
peninsula. The beetle increased enormously, and aided very
materially in keeping the scale in check. It was also said that
the reason it was not of more benefit in more northern localities
was because of its being a slow breeder.

_—The next paper was by Dr. Dyar, and was entitled :

ILLUSTRATIONS OF THE EARLY STAGES OF SOME
DIPTERA.

(PLATE I.)
By Harrison G. Dyar.

While looking for mosquito larve at Bellport, N. Y., the larve
or pupe of several other water inhabiting flies were noticed,
some of which were bred. Mr. Coquillett has kindly named
them for me.

Tanypus dyart Coq. (Fig. 8.)

Only the pupe were noticed. - They occurred in the cold
spring pool with Culex territans, and greatly resemble mosquito
pupe. Oncomparing the figures it will be noted that they differ
in. many proportions from Culex, but when taken in the water
the general resemblance was deceptive. They were, however,
much larger than the Culex. They have the same habits, resting
at the surface with the slender funnel-shaped, prothoracic air
_ tubes penetrating the surface film and quickly descend when dis-
turbed. The anal paddles resemble those of Culex, but are more
hairy.

OF WASHINGTON. 57

Sepedon fuscipennis Loew. (Figs. 6 and 7.)

These disgusting black maggots were not infrequent in the
collection of dead plants, scum and floating matter at the dam in
the cold lake and in the adjoining water. They rest and move
below the surface, parallel to it, suspended by the four radiate,
narrow plates with which the body terminates. These rest with
the upper surface dry, and expose the spiracles to the air. The
larval segments are distinctly 3-annulate, the color is blackish
with waved black lines showing by transparency. The puparium
floats in the water, resembling a seed. It is blackish above,
whitish on the sides, with a lateral reddish stripe containing seg-
mentary black dots; below whitish gray, speckled with black .
dots.*

Chironomus anonymus Will.

These larve were first noticed in the blacksmith’s rain-water
barrel. They are bright red in color, but usually remain in a
tube formed of granular sediment united together. The material
seems to be largely the excrement of mosquito larve. They
wriggle with a slow squirming motion continuously, apparently
to aérate the tracheal filaments. The pupa also remains in the
case, but wriggles with a different motion as it has to aérate the
bunches of fine filaments on the prothorax. Shortly before the
emergence of the imago it rises to the surface.

Larva (Fig. 1). Head a little higher than wide, flattened, rounded, ob-
lique; clypeus large, triangular, high; eyes in two small, angular patches ;
antenne moderate, simple; labium distinct with two simple hairs; a few
hairs on the surface of the head. Body slender, elongate, last two
thoracic joints gently enlarged. subconsolidated. On ventral side of pro-
thorax anteriorly a short bilobed process bearing a large tuft of slightly
curved spines; between the 7th and 8th abdominal segments ventrally a
group of long, thick, curving, subsegmented respiratory tubes; a tuft of
four small processes on the last segment; a group of hairs at the dorsal
tip; anal tip conical, with a ring of curved spines.’ Color bright coral red,
translucent; alimentary canal whitish, more opaque.

Pupa (Fig. 2). Head nearly free; thorax small, the wing cases partly
covering the long, coiled leg cases. A diffuse bunch of finely branching
respiratory filaments on prothorax. Abdomen long, tapering, gently
curved.

Chironomus modestus Say.

These larve occurred in cases similar to the preceding, but
they lived in the masses of Spirogyra and under the Lemna leaves
in the lake. They were much smaller and slenderer than the
other species and pale whitish in color. The larva is without the

*This has just been figured by Needham & Betten, Bull. 47, N. Y. State
Mus., pl. 14, ff. 1-5, 1901.

58 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

branchial filaments; it wriggles in a similar manner, however.
Probably its small size renders it possible to aérate the tissues
completely through the skin.

Larva (Fig 3). Head rounded, flattened, free but somewhat retracted;
antennz slender, distinct; eyes of two contiguous black spots. Body
slender, filamentous, undulatory. A ventral pad on the prothorax bear-
ing a tuft of recurved spines. Four anal finger-shaped processes and a
dorsal, terminal, double tuft of hairs. Whitish, translucent, alimentary
canal more opaque or blackish, according to food.

Pupa (Fig. 4). Shaped as in the preceding species, the cases forming a
moderate prominence. Abdomen slender, tapering, ending in a ventral
lamellate projection, the last segment bearing a large tuft of colorless
hairs. Translucent, pale greenish, the thorax yellowish, eye dark; wing
and leg cases very transparent. A tuft of few, rather coarse, filaments on
the prothorax.

Ceratopogon varicolor Coq. (Fig. 5.)

The pupa only was observed. It was floating upright with the
air tubes penetrating the surface. The abdomen was straightly
extended so that the stiff, spiny thing did not suggest the appear-
ance of a mosquito pupa at all.

\

OF WASHINGTON. 59

Puate I.
Fic. 1. Chironomus anonymus, larva. 2. Pupa of the same. 3. Chironomus modestus,
larva. 4. Pupaofthe same. 5. Ceratopogon varicolor, pupa. 6. Sepedon fuscipennis, larva.
7. Pupaofthesame. 8. Zanypus dyari, pupa.

60 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

The paper was discussed by Messrs. Ashmead, Howard, Stiles,
and Gill. Dr. Howard mentioned the interesting observation,
recorded by Mr. S. I. Smith, of New Haven, Connecticut, that
Chironomus larve had been found in Lake Superior at a depth
of 600 feet below the surface of the water. Dr. Packard, Dr.
Howard continued, had found larve of some species of Chzrono-
mus in salt water in Salem Bay. Dr. Howard noted further that
Anopheles punctipennis had been found breeding in brackish
water at the head of Chesapeake Bay. On his late trip he had
found the burning of pyrethrum powder in his room very effective
against mosquitoes. Culex pzpiens was the only mosquito met
with in Mexico, and this species, according to Prof. Herrera, was
probably introduced thither from the lower Rio Grande Valley,
Texas, at the time of the opening up of the Mexico Central Rail-
road.

The concluding paper was by Dr. Stiles, entitled:

THE CATTLE TICKS OF NORTH AMERICA.
By Cu. WarRDELL STILEs.
(Author's Abstract.)

_ Doctor Stiles presented before the Society the final proof sheets,
with illustrations, of an article entitled the ‘‘ Cattle Ticks (Ixodo-
idea) of North America,” prepared by Doctor Salmon and him-
self for publication in the Annual Report of the Bureau of Animal
Industry. He discussed the various species briefly; noting sev-
eral changes in the designation of some of the parasites in ques-
tion. Contrary to the views of Europeans, he is inclined to recog-
nize Boophilus as distinct from hipicephalus, and he called
attention to the necessity of accepting the genus Boophilus as
basis of quarantine hereafter against Texas fever, instead of the
species Boophilus bovis. He brought out the interesting fact
that the Boophzlus of Cuba is distinct from the form which occurs
in the United States, and apparently agrees with the species found
in Australia. Heretofore there has been considerable difficulty
in distinguishing between Dermacentor reticulatus and Derma-
centor electus, better known as Dermacentor americanus.
He stated that. Dermacentor electus has nothing whatever
to do with the original Acarus americanus, which is evi-
dently Amblyomma untpunctatum, and that it may be easily dis-
tinguished from. Dermacentor reticulatus by the difference in
the structure of the stigmata. In Dermacentor reticulatus the

OF WASHINGTON. 61

stigmal plates are very coarsely punctate, while in Dermacentor
electus they are very finely punctate.

The paper contains analytical keys to all of the known species
of ticks.

The paper was discussed by Messrs. Schwarz, Ashmead,
Howard, and Gill. Dr. Stiles also mentioned the curious resting
stage of the ear tick Oruéthodoros megnint, with figures illus-
trating it. It had, he said, once been described by an entomolo-
gist as anegg. Dr. Howard said that it resembled exactly the
hypopus stage of Tyroglyphid mites.

JANUARY Q, 1902.

The 165th regular meeting was held at the residence of Dr. H.
G. Dyar, 1512 Twenty-first street N.W. The President, Dr. Dyar,
occupied the chair, and there were also present Messrs. Simpson,
Benton, Patten, Morris, Ashmead, Mann, Pollard, Hay, Barber,
Caudell, Hunter, Kotinsky, Gill and Currie. Dr. Dyar was
elected Vice-President of the Washington Academy of Sciences
for the Entomological Society of Washington.

President Dyar then delivered his annual address, as follows:

ANNUAL ADDRESS OF THE PRESIDENT.

THE COLLECTION OF LEPIDOPTERA IN THE NATIONAL
MUSEUM.

By Harrison G. Dyan.

I would ask your attention to the collection of Lepidoptera in
the United States National Museum. It has been frequently
pointed out in the annual reports of the Smithsonian Institution
that it was eminently desirable that the United States Govern-
ment should possess as complete a scientific collection as could
be made, worthy of this large and prosperous country. Not
insignificant in such a collection would come the insects, both
from their relative abundance in species and the great economic
importance of many of them. The order Lepidoptera forms a
considerable part of ‘the aggregate, and to the history and present

62 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCLETY

condition of the Governmental collection of this attractive order
I would briefly invite your attention.

Before 1876, when the National Museum came into existence as
a sequel of the Centennial Exposition at Philadelphia, the Smith-
sonian Institution was the depository of collections belonging to the
Government. But it neveramassed a collection of insects, nor had
an entomologist on its staff. In the early years, when Townend
Glover was acting as entomologist for the U. S. Government, some
material was collected, and there came in from the surveys for a
a Pacific railroad, the Geological and Geographical Surveys and
miscellaneous sources, sundry insects. This material became sub-
sequently entirely dissipated. Soime of it was reported upon in
Government publications by Stretch, Packard, Strecker, Grote
and others, but the majority of the material seems to have re-
mained in the private collections of those so reporting. Certainly
all that is at present left of the Lepidoptera in the Government’s.
possession are a few specimens returned at a recent date by Dr.
A. S. Packard. ea he

In 1882 a department of insects was organized in the National
Museum with Dr. C. V. Riley as honorary curator, without any
assistance. The number of insects of all orders was estimated at
1,000, of which, perhaps, 200 may have been Lepidoptera, a most
insignificant figure. More specimens than this could be taken by
an active collector ina single day. We may well consider that
at this date the national collection of Lepidoptera first began.

The first collection of any importance received was that of Dr.
Riley. It was formally presented in 1885. It contained 17,000
specimens of Lepidoptera, besides 3,000 larve in alcohol and a
few inflated larve. All the material was North American, with
the most trifling exceptions, and principally amassed by Riley
himself from the Southern States.

In 1886 Dr. J.B. Smith was appointed assistant curator. He
brought with him his private collection, which was acquired by
the National Museum by purchase. It contained a general collec-
tion of North American Lepidoptera most full in the family Noc-
tuide, Dr. Smith’s specialty. I find no exact record of the num-
ber of specimens in the collection, though it probably approached
15,000, and included the material of Mr. Meske, mostly collected
about Albany, N. Y. During this time various smaller accessions

_

OF WASHINGTON. 63

were being received, principally through the Division of Entomol-
ogy of the Department of Agriculture, which has always beén
a steady, though never a copious, contributor to the collection. In
18S6 the number of insects was estimated at 500,000. If one-
fifth of these were Lepidoptera, the collection may have contained
100,000 specimens, including duplicates, at this date, and may be
considered to have become fairly started, in charge of a Lepidop-
terist, under the direction of the entomologist to the Department
of Agriculture, with apparently the most favorable auspices. The
geographical range covered was, however, strictly North Ameri-_
can, excluding Mexico. :

An arrangement of the collection was begun by Smith and fin-
ished by Linell, who succeeded him in 188g, as far as the Micro-
lepidoptera ; but with the increase in the total number of insects
in the collection, which kept up at the rate of 15,000 specimens a
year, without any concomitant increase in the museum force, less
and less attention proportionately was paid to the Lepidoptera.
Linell was not a Lepidopterist, and, without assistance, could not
be expected to do more than preserve the material from destruc-
tion. Consequently the collection fell into a state of virtual neg-
lect. |

In 1891 material began to be received from Dr. W. L. Abbott
from Africa and Asia, and in 1892 the collection of G. Beyer, of
New York, was received, 1,900 specimens, containing a series of
European species. These were the first accessions of exotic
material of any importance, and formed the nucleus of an exotic
collection. It was not, however, arranged at this time.

There followed shortly the large collection of Japanese Lepi-
doptera through Prof. Mitsukuri, which had been on exhibition
at the World’s Fair at Chicago, further material from Dr. Abbott,
and the collection of Mr. William Astor Chanler in East Africa,
all of which remained stored in boxes and cupboards from lack
of space to arrange it and of time by the single aid, Mr. Linell.

In 1895 Dr. Riley died and was succeeded by Dr. L. O. Howard
as honorary curator. Dr. Howard had a lively interest in the
national collection, and a reorganization of the Museum staff was
effected,* whereby Messrs. Ashmead, Coquillett, Schwarz, and
Currie were assigned to duty in connection with the insect collec-

* Noticed in Can. Ent., xxvii, 334, 1895.

64 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY.

tions. None of them had, however, any direct duty in connec-
tion with the Lepidoptera, which remained with Mr. Linell as a
side issue. The collection gradually relatively declined till it was
surpassed by that of many a private collector. Still the number
of specimens continued to gradually increase. From the 100,000
in 1886 it rose to about 117,000 in 1887, 119,000 in 1888, and
120,000 in 1889; but in 1894 the estimate is only a trifle over
121,000. The effects of the unavoidable deterioration and waste
_had begun to be felt, and were scarcely overbalanced by the acces-
sions. During his administration, Dr. Smith had prepared an
exhibition series of some extent with much care. ‘This suffered
the ultimate fate of all. material exposed to the light, and so much
of the Government’s material disappeared. Other specimens
were rendered worthless through sending them to the Tennessee
Centennial Exposition in 1897. Besides, over half the number of
specimens in the collection had all along consisted of duplicates,
and some of these were naturally gradually disposed of.

Mr. Linell died in 1897, and the same year the writer was ap-
pointed custodian of the Lepidoptera. ‘The collection was found
in general well preserved, though many duplicates were seriously
infested with museum pests and had to be thrown away. In
number of specimens the aggregate probably did not greatly ex-
ceed that of 1894. For a while the custodian worked alone, but
later Mr. A. N. Caudell was assigned to assist during after-
noons. A separate room was provided by the Museum authori-
ties for the collection of Lepidoptera, and a. complete rearrange-
ment was begun. :

Very considerable accessions of material now began to come
in. American collectors became aware that a Lepidopterist was
again in charge and they could give scope to their natural patri-
otic desires to see the national collection increased with the ex-
pectation that their donations would be received with interest and
promptly labeled and arranged. The custodian brought a col-
lection of 15,000 specimens containing both native and exotic
material with many inflated larve and an amount of alcoholic
material. This latter we have never counted, for the reason that
it is practically a dead loss. Larve in fluid soon become un-
recognizable from shrinking, hardening and discoloration; the
material is awkward to handle, dangerous to the collection from ac-.

OF WASHINGTON. 65

cidental loosening of the bottles, and troublesome to keep in order.
All of the old Riley material, as well as the great number of bot-
tles filled from time to time at the Department of Agriculture are
likewise nearly useless. We have lately concentrated our efforts
on preparing inflated larve, which, though more trouble to make
at first, give ultimate satisfaction. Even for small larve this
method is preferable and we intend to completely substitute it for
the placing of specimens in any kind of fluid. -Doubtless some
alcoholic material must be received from uninstructed or hurried
correspondents, and even from some others whose conservatism,
or possibly a different experience, leads them to prefer this method
of preservation. : ;

In 1900, Dr. Ottmar Hofmann, of Regensburg, Germany,
died. His collection consisted of two parts, his own material
and a portion of the collection of Anton Schmid. Schmid had
recently died, leaving his ‘* Macros” to Mr. E. Frank, and his
‘¢Micros” to Dr. Hofmann. The Hofmann collection proper
was picked over by Lord Walsingham, who took away what he
wanted in his special families. But the remainder and the Schmid
*¢ Micros,” intact, came to the United States National Museum
through the offices of Prof. A. R. Grote. Prof. Grote obtained
the collection for us at a low price, and it was so purchased by
the Museum. Thus was obtained a very full collection covering
the European fauna. The families which Lord Walsingham had
taken from the Hofmann material: were duplicated from the
Schmid ‘collection, with the exception of one family, the Psych-
ide. ‘These were formerly classified as ‘‘ Macros,” so Schmid’s
specimens did not go to Hofmann. On the other hand, Lord
Walsingham took Hofmann’s Psychidz as they are now referred
to the ‘* Micros,” his own special group. But, with this excep-
tion, the National Museum obtained by this very inexpensive
purchase an admirable representation of the European Lepidop-
tera throughout, the smaller Tineids being as fully represented
and as carefully mounted as the large butterflies. The collection
numbered over 15,000 specimens. ‘The sendings of Dr. W. L.
Abbott continued, his last being from Lower Siam, comprising
several thousand butterflies and moths of that region. These
were gradually mounted and placed in their proper families. A
large part of the butterflies were named, with the assistance of

66 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

the late Dr. Herman Strecker, but most of the moths yet await
identification. Several thousand South American moths of the
commoner species were given to the custodian by Mr. Wm.
Schaus, and have been distributed, but not fully named. The
collection, as a. whole, has been arranged, the duplicates separated
and all the named species catalogued by means of a card catalogue
by specific names. The collection has the largest room of any
of the orders of insects, and is the first one to be completely in-
stalled in the regular Museum drawers; thanks to the interest and
help of the assistant curator, Mr. W. H. Ashmead. It is as well
housed as can be expected in the present Museum building.

In the summer of 1901 I made an arrangement with Mr. Wm.
Schaus whereby his large collection of American butterflies came
into my possession and was placed on deposit in the Museum,
with the intention of ultimately donating it. It contains 10,000
specimens and fills nearly 200 drawers. The butterflies of both
North and South America are very fully represented, and it con-
tains the types of 200 species described by Mr. Schaus, with
those of a few described by Mr. Godman in the Biologia Centrali-
Americana.

Thus at the end of the year 1901 the National collection of
Lepidoptera at last begins to show respectable proportions:
There are now 99,500 specimens representing 12,150 species, with
about 18,500 more specimens in the duplicate collection, 3,490
inflated larve, the types of 1,246 species and varieties, besides a
great mass of alcoholic larve, cocoons, eggs, etc.

As compared with older collections, like that of the British
Museum, it naturally appears still in its infancy. Of the families
Syntomide and Arctiide, recently catalogued by Sir G. F.
Hampson, the British Museum contains fully 75 per cent. of the
world species. Our museum cannot count over one-sixth as
many. ‘The same proportion doubtless holds throughout most of
the families of the moths. The butterflies would show somewhat
more favorably. It should be remembered that but little support
has been accorded the collection in a financial way. There is no
fund for the purchase of specimens, and the salaried custodians
have always been too few. Fortunately the Department of Agri-
culture has lent a continued and very essential aid. We recipro-
cate by the loaning of material and the services of the custodian

OF WASHINGTON. 67

in identification of insects, finding of synonymy, references to
literature, etc.

The duplicate collection had, for a long time, contained half of
the total number of specimens, and is still large. It is somewhat
of a problem what to do with it. We have practically abandoned
making exchanges, because of the poor condition of a majority of
the specimens, since all the good material is in the regular col-
lection. Most collectors will not receive what we have in ex-
change for their own fresh material, and many will not take it at
all. Besides, the labor of making exchange lists and the time
that would. have been consumed would have largely prevented
the work of installation that has been accomplished. The dupli-
cates are gradually being made available by school teachers and
others, and it is intended to prepare from them a respectable
public exhibit collection, and keep this replenished from the
same source. At present there is practically no such exhibit, at
least arranged with any system, but with the present support it is
impossible to prepare one. af

The study and identification of the material has progressed to
some extent, but the routine work of installation has prevented
any very general work in that direction. Mr. August Busck, of
the Department of Agriculture, has begun some studies on the
American Tineids, which promise to be of material assistance to
the collection. A catalogue of the Lepidoptera of North America |
is being prepared for publication, and it is intended to mark in
this those species still lacking to the collection. We hope for
considerable accessions from American collectors when they know
exactly what is needed.

It will be noticed that the collection of Lepidoptera experienced
a period of activity at the beginning, followed by a period of
stagnation, now again succeeded by one of activity. These active
periods were synchronous with the presence of a Lepidopterist
in charge. ‘The deduction is general, and shows it to be highly
advantageous that each order of insects should have a custodian
especially interested in it. Even with the best intentions, one
whose training and activities lie in another field can scarcely do
more than keep a collection in a condition of preservation, not to
speak of planning for its extension and arrangement and the seiz-
ing of all possible opportunities to secure material and interest
others in it.

68 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

In 1892, Dr. J. B. Smith, ex-curator and a Lepidopterist, vis-
ited London, and secured a promise from a well-known gentleman
of the gift of his collection, probably the largest in the American
fauna, as a whole, in existence. But Dr. Smith was no longer in
charge of the collection at Washington, which was entering upon
its period of stagnation. General confidence in the national col-
lection as a fit repository for valuable material gradually waned.
This was to a certain extent unjust, as the material was well cared
for, though not actively elaborated. So, under advice of fellow
entomologists, the promise lapsed and Mr. Schaus gave the whole
of his non-American material to the American Museum of Natu-
ral History in New York. This museum had in charge a com-
petent curator actively interested in Lepidoptera.

Within the last year only have Mr. Schaus’ American butter-
flies been secured for Washington, but by an entirely new arrange-
ment.

It may not be out of place to notice the collection of Orthop-
tera in the National Museum, because this so well illustrates in
its present state the condition into which a collection falls without
a specialist in charge. The Orthoptera are the only order of
insects which have never been in charge of a specialist nor had
any attention from a resident student. A part of the collection is
in museum drawers, through the labors of Messrs. Linell and Cur-
_rie at odd times, but most is still in the old dangerous double
book boxes and Schmitt boxes belonging to the Department of
Agriculture. Museum pests have been very generally excluded,
but the moving and removing of the boxes out of the way of more
active collections has caused specimens to become loosened and
fall about, creating considerable damage. No opportunity for
repairs has been offered. The collection is, as a whole, sadly dis:
arranged. New material could not be incorporated from lack of
time and from unfamiliarity with the classification of the order.
so that each accession is separately placed in its drawer or set of
boxes. Glaring errors in identification occur, species of different
groups, superficially similar, being placed above the same label.
There is no attempt at securing new material on a regular plan,
the accessions being all by chance. What degree of order exists
is mostly due to the study given certain groups by specialists to
whom they have been loaned. But this method has disadvan-

OF WASHINGTON. _ 69

tages. Most students keep material for an unconscionably long
period during which the museum drawers are conspicuous by
their emptiness. It is then subjected to the danger of damage or
loss in transit, besides various vicissitudes while in the hands of
the student, not to mention the occasional risk of unfair treatment
at the hands of an overtrusted and presumably honest correspon-
dent.

But the collection of Lepidoptera was never in so unfortunate
a condition as this, and its future at present seems most promising.

To consider the present condition of the collection in somewhat
more detail, it at once appears that the number of specimens now
present, approximately 121,000, exclusive of alcoholic material,
pupe, eggs, etc., is not as much as would be expected from the
figures quoted above. I have given 121,000 as the probable total
in 1894, and since that date we have received over 50,000 speci-
mens in four of the largest accessions, besides many smaller ones.
What has become of them?

In the first place, the 121,000 of 1894 included alcoholic larve,
as I suppose. Of these we have a great mass, as above stated,
but probably not 50,000; 5,000 might be a conservative estimate.
Secondly, the former estimates are probably grossly overstated.*

I learn that no actual count was made, but that the yearly acces-
sions, as shown by the books, were added to the last year’s esti-
mate for that of the following year. This method is not even
theoretically correct, as it makes no account of exchanges, by
which a number of specimens, approximately equal to the acces-
sion, actually leave the collection. Practically, also, it is faulty,
since a considerable proportion of unsolicited accessions find their
way atonce to the waste basket, besides which accidents and other
unavoidable wastes occur. Thirdly, the estimates are given for
the total number of insects, and I have taken one-fifth as the prob-
able proportion of Lepidoptera. This is not unlikely too higha
proportion for the latter years with the great increase in the col-

* There seems to be a general tendency to overestimate insect collec-
tions. The Neumegen collection, when actually counted by Mr. Doll,
was but half of the supposed amount. Dr. Skinner estimates the Strecker
collection at 200000 (Ent. News, xiii, 2, 1902); but my own estimate,
made in Dr. Strecker’s presence, was 100,000, and I believe a very liberal
one.

70 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

lection of Coleoptera. One-fifth was the proportion of Lepidop-
tera in the Riley collection, and it is the proportion that the
number of types of Leidoptera bears to the total number of types
in the National Collection of Insects. But Riley was, by prefer-
ference, a Lepidopterist, and therefore likely to have had more
than a normal proportion of this order in his collection, while in
the matter of types the Lepidoptera are possibly better off than
other orders, owing largely to the generosity of Dr. J. B. Smith.
It is proper to state that the last figures, now discussed, are based
on an actual count, conducted by my assistant and myself.

The arranged collection is housed in 1,113 drawers; the un-
placed material and duplicates are in miscellaneous boxes.

Excluding the duplicates and unworked material, which can-
not be satisfactorily discussed, and excluding also the Schaus col-
lection, which is intact, the butterflies comprise, in round num-
bers, 15,600 specimens of 2,400 species, with 290 inflated larve.
There are but 29 typesinthisgroup. The North American fauna
is well represented, especially in the larger species. The col-
lection is poorest in the Lyceenide and Hesperide. The Schaus
collection, when added, will nearly double the total number of
specimens. The Sphingide comprise 1,200 specimens of 250
species, 100 larve, but no types whatever. The Saturnians, 880
specimens of 168 species, with 220 larve and one type. The
Arctians and allied families have 4,750 specimens, 860 species,
460 larve and 48 types. The Noctuide, 16,800 specimens of
2,370 species, with 550 larve and 509 types. The North Amer-
ican Noctuids in the National Museum are probably the best col-
lection in existence in this field. One-half of the types belonging
in the regular collection are in the Noctuidae. The Lasiocam-
pide, Liparide and allied small families have 3,400 specimens of
500 species, 690 larve and 17 types, being especially rich in
inflated larve. The Geometride have 8,700 specimens, 1,200
species, 450 larve and 103 types. The North American species
are well represented on the whole, though a considerable number
are missing. The Sesiidsee, Limacodide and other allied small
groups have 2,580 specimens, 470 species, 170 larvee and 29
types. The Pyralide and Pterophoride have 9,200 specimens
of 1.370 species, 110 larvee and 47 types. A great many North
American species are lacking in this group and the following,

OF WASHINGTON. 71

probably 50%. The Tortricidae have 4,900 specimens, 724
species, 77 larvee and 33 types. The Tineide (sens lat.) have
12,150 specimens of 1,800 species, 56 larve, and 179 types.
They are pretty well represented in some groups, though the
series of specimens are too short. In larve they are very defi-
cient, though fairly rich intypes. Except inthe European fauna,
there are practically no exotic Tineids inthe collection. Follow-
ing is the census of the collection in tabular form:

Census of the Lepidoptera in the National Museum, December, rgor.

Speci- : 2°
mens, |>Pecies.| Types. | Larvee.
PTE OB ois oy gk nese ays s oer sea tas 15,606 | 2,408 29 290
PPUINTIDR sisse uss. x it chan towens saat 1,214 251 O 109
Saturniide ..... bic sphate” Gaia <b enews 882 168 { 170
PRR REE esis siig ee oen esti fieas 4,756 863 48 402
INO UARE Fock ies ig iscsi ods. giles ake 16, 807 2,367 509 545
Lasiocamipde, etc ..... ..... ce aeine 3,390 | 505 +7 687
ROR oe conf sag dada cena pangs 3 yo oe Dae Bk 103 449
m@S31 at, GLC 25.02.5250. eg itis ao capees xe 2, 582 471 29 172
UOT Beg Cas Venere Se oman pe oy 9,216 | 1, 366 47 III
PERMITE ee. te ote eee ets 4,940 724 33 77
RVUs is Bc See Ae 12,146 |) 1,797 179 56
Hofmann moths in boxes........ .-... By ESS pitied e ese teed fan vevoresie
Total regular collection........... 81,398 | 12,153 995 3, 068
mennus collection: jcc ee 1G, GOO ined: BRO TN need
Other unplaced material. .............. Ne ge ae gee re Ree 31 421
BAP PAROS coe el ies ke alesis BG, SOG VOCE A oT a casrs, 208
118,092 | 12,153 | 1,246) 3,697
OG LAr Ab BOVE). ON fc. ee 3, 697
AOU SPECIMENS: 415545) cag tetece 121, 789

At the conclusion of the address, it was discussed by several
members present.

Mr. Ashmead emphasized the necessity of having a custodian
in charge of each order of insects. He paid a tribute to the faith-
ful and zealous work of Mr. Linell in caring for the collections,
and mentioned some of the difficulties and drawbacks under which
he labored. Much of the time he worked entirely unassisted, and

72 3 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

it was thus obviously impossible for him to properly care for so
large a collection, covering different orders. Mr. Ashmead also
made a statement of the condition of the collection in other orders
than Lepidoptera, mentioning in particular the Coleoptera and
Hymenoptera, and referring to the enormous number of types in
the latter—greatly in excess of those in the Lepidoptera.

—The concluding paper was by Mr. C. B. Simpson, and was
entitled :

THE ALIMENTARY CANAL OF CERTAIN LEPIDOPTEROUS
LARV£.

By C. B. Simpson.
(Author's Abstract.)

The forms used were the larve of Carpocapsa pomonella,
Clisiocampa americana, and Pieris rape. The alimentary
canal is divided both anatomically and embryologically into three
regions: the fore-intestine, the mid-intestine, and the hind-intes-
tine. The embryology and general anatomy of these different
parts were given, illustrated by sketches.

The fore-intestine extends from the mouth to the mid-intestine,
and is composed of the following parts: the mouth cavity, the
pharynx, esophagus, and the esophageal valve.

Descriptions of these different parts were presented and special
attention was given to the embryology and structure of the cso-
phageal valve which was illustrated by sections. The walls of
the fore-intestine consist of an external layer of circular muscles,
an internal longitudinal layer, a basement membrane, and a layer
of epithelial cells, forming a syncitium, the inner portion of which
was strongly chitinized, thus forming a chitinous intima.

The mid-intestine is about half of the length of the canal in full
grown larve and is the true absorbing organ. The histological
elements are: an external layer of longitudinal muscles ; an inter-
nal circular layer, a basement membrane, a single layer of epithe-
lial cells, and the peritropic membrane. The cells of the epithe-
lial layer are of two kinds, the ordinary epithelial cells and the
mucous cells. The structure of these cells was given and sections
shown. The peritropic membrane, that membrane immediately
enclosing the food, is believed by the author to be the coagulated
secretion of the mucous cells.

The hind-intestine has essentially the same structure as the fore-
intestine, except that the muscular and chitinous layers are much
stronger, especially the circular. The accessory organs present
are the Malpighian tubules and the rectal glands.

The functions of these parts were given with special attention
to digestion. |

OF WASIIINGTON, 73

Discussion was participated in and questions asked by Messrs.
Benton and Gill.

FEBRUARY 13, 1902.

The 166th regular meeting of the Entomological Society of
Washington was held at the residence of Mr. J. Kotinsky, 521
Fourth street, N.W., the society being there entertained by the
bachelor members. President Dyar occupied the chair, and
Messrs. Quaintance, Caudell, Morris, Heidemann, Ashmead,
Cook, Vaughan, Howard, Hunter, Simpson, Gill, Stiles, Raney:
Currie, Kotinsky, and Patten were also present.

Under the head of Short Notes and Exhibition of Specimens, Mr.
Heidemann showed specimens of the ten species of the Fulgorid —
genus Scolops contained in his collection. In a paper by Prof.
Uhler, published by the Maryland Academy of Sciences, nine
species were recognized. Three more species, however, have
recently been described by Mr. E. D. Ball, raising the total
number of described North American Scolops to twelve.

—Mr. Ashmead stated that he had recently received from Dr.
P. Magretti specimens of the genus Paracyphonyx. This genus,
erected by Dr. Magretti, was subsequently suppressed by Kohl
and made a synonym of Pompzl/us, Fabricius. An examination
of the specimens sent, however, has convinced Mr. Ashmead
that the genus is good and distinct, though closely related to
Pompilus.

—Prof. Cook exhibited some interesting Myriapoda from Cali-
fornia, contained in a collection sent him by Mr. Carl F. Baker.
One of these represents a new species of S¢réarza and is the
second Californian species of this genus known. Another, a
specimen belonging to the superfamily Chordeumoidea, is sug-
gestive of the Sumatran Hleterochordeuma of Pocock.

—Mr. Caudell exhibited drawings, based upon specimens
recently received from California, of the male and female of
Timema californica Scudder. This insect has been classified
with the subfamily Anisomorphine in the Phasmide. It is,
however, the only known member of the Orthoptera having
three distinct joints to the tarsi. All ten abdominal segments are
distinct, instead of only nine, and the legs are attached ventrally

74 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

instead of laterally. Mr. Caudell considered it very closely
related to the Forficulide, the males having forcipated and
toothed anal appendages and there being other points possessed
in common with the earwigs. It looks very much like a wing-
less Embiid (Amba uhrichi Saussure) from Trinidad.* The
systematic position of this insect was further discussed by Messrs.
Cook, Howard, and Hunter.

_ —Dr. Stiles, referring to a disease which has of late proven
so fatal to horses in the Philippine Islands, said that it is known
as Surra and is closely allied to the tsetse-fly disease of South
Africa; it seems to be spread by flies of the genus 7adsanus/
The disease originated in India where Zadanus tropicus was the
supposed transmitter. Unlike the malarial parasite, which goes
through a double life-cycle, a sexual in the mosquito and a non-
sexual in man, 77yfanosoma, the parasite of Surra, has only a
non-sexual generation so far as is known. ‘This being the case,
the disease may probably be carried by any biting or piercing
insect.

Dr. Howard said, in discussing Dr. Stiles’ note, that the con-
ditions governing the spread of this disease pointed as well to
some biting Muscid allied to the tsetse-fly as to one of the
Tabanids, since both are dependent for successful breeding on
moisture conditions. The biting Muscids breed most success-
fully in moist manure and the Tabanids in damp soil muck,
while the Surra is well known to be most prevalent in damp
localities and during damp seasons. He agreed with Dr. Stiles
that the disease is probably carried by either of these types of
biting flies.

—Mr. Morris read extracts from a letter from Mr. Pollard,
written from Baracoa, Cuba, where the latter, in company with
Dr. Edward Palmer and Mr. William Palmer, was making a
collection of plants and zoological specimens.

The first paper was by Mr. Caudell and was entitled:

SOME INSECTS FROM THESUMMIT OF PIKE’S PEAK, FOUND
ON SNOW.
By A. N. CAuDELL.

No tourist visiting the Rocky Mountain region for the first time
thinks of leaving without ascending Pike’s Peak, that most acces-
sible of the high mountains. During our season’s collecting in

* Figured in Mittheil. d. Schweiz. entom. Gesellsch., IX, fig. 2, 1896.

OF WASHINGTON. 7d

Colorado last year, Dr. Dyar and I followed the general custom
and made the ascent. We arrived at the summit of the peak
about 4 P. M., and took a walk to see what we could find in the
way of insects. A sharp wind was blowing and it was so cold
that we feared but little would be found. The summit is one
great mass of irregularly shaped blocks.of granite. No vegetation
was seen except a little grass and a few small, brightly colored
flowers, which had found root in a level spot some way down the
side of the mountain. Here we found a number of small beetles,
Phyllotreta pusilla Horn, and we thought this was to constitute
the whole of our catch. But fortunately such was not to be the
case, for a couple of small snow flelds yielded results appreciated
only after our return to Washington, when, upon getting their
identification completed, I find there are no less than 78S different
species. Though we collected many more species lower down
the mountain, and ones of more value, it is only these specimens
found on snow that I wish to discuss.

There were two of the snow fields, one very small, hardly more
than a couple of rods across, and one larger one, something over
an acre in area. They lay a hundred yards or so below the Sum-
mit House on the south side of the mountain, and were crusted
over sufficiently to bear up the weight of aman. The insects
were found scattered over the surface and their bodies were par-
tially sunken into the snow. In nearly all cases they were either
dead or so benumbed with cold as to be almost motionless. But
one exception occurred, that of the little Chrysomelid beetles men-
tioned above, which were found in great numbers clustered about
the bodies of larger insects. They were perfectly active, a num-
ber taking flight when disturbed.

With few exceptions all the insects are inhabitants of the boreal
region of the foot hills and not true alpine forms. They were
doubtless carried to this high altitude by ascending currents of air
and, once up, the foolish, inexperienced creatures were attracted
to the smooth, glistening snow fields, there to perish.

Not more than half an hour was consumed in gathering the
specimens, and at the time I estimated the number of species rep-
resented to be not more than twenty. Had I known there were
nearly four times that number I would have made further efforts
at collecting and additional species would probably have resulted.

For the identifications I am indebted to Mr. Coquillett in the
Diptera, and Mr. Ashmead in the Hymenoptera, except the For-
micidz which were determined by Mr. Pergande. Mr. Schwarz
named the Coleoptera and Mr. Herbert Barber furnished me with
their distribution. Mr. Banks named the single species of Neurop-
tera, and the Orthoptera I identified myself. The lists of Lepi-
doptera and Hymenoptera, containing original matter, are
signed by their respective authors.

76 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

All the larger orders are represented, the Hemiptera leading in
point of numbers with 23 species.

DIPTERA.

Of the Diptera there are fifteen species, the family Syrphide
being the best represented, there being four species. None of the
Diptera are alpine. They are as follows:

Gnophomyia tristtissima Osten-Sacken.
One specimen. Ranges from New York to Georgia and west-
ward to Colorado.

Anthrax catulina Coquillett.
Four specimens. Occurs in Washington and northern Cali-
fornia.

Errax jubatus Williston.
A single specimen. This species was described from New
Mexico.

Microdon xanthopilus Townsend.
One specimen. Described from California.

Syrphus arcuatus Fallen.
One specimen. Occurs from Nova Scotia to New England,
westward to Alaska and California ; also in Europe.

Spherophoria sulphuripes ‘Thomson.
One specimen. Described from California.

Chrysochlamys cresus Osten-Sacken.
A single specimen. Reported from Utah and New Mexico,
westward to Washington and California.

Exorista vulgaris Fallen.
One specimen. Occurs in New Hampshire, Idaho, and Wash-
ington; also in Europe.

Calliphora erythrocephala Meigen.
4 viredescens Desvoidy.
One example of each. Both species occur over nearly the
whole of the United States, and the first also occurs in Europe.
There also occurred on the snow the following Diptera, all in
too poor condition to admit of more than a generic determination.

ZTabanus sp. Phaonia sp. Limnophora sp.
Sarcophaga sp. Anthomyia sp.

All these species were represented by single specimens except
the last, of which there occurred eight examples.

OF WASHINGTON. — 77

HYMENOPTERA.

Agapostemon splendius Lepeletier.

One female specimen.
Halictus sp.

One specimen.
Copidosoma sp.

One specimen.
Amblyteles suturalis Say.

Three female specimens.
Cryptus perstmilts Cresson.

One female specimen.
Anomation sp.

One female specimen.
Tryphonid sp.

One specimen.

Banchus abdominalis Cresson.

Two specimens.

Cremnops (Agathis) vulgarts Cresson.

Nine specimens.

The collection contains eleven specimens of Formicide, con-
stituting two species (one Camponotus and one Formica.) Both
males and females occur, but no workers; therefore the species
could not be determined.

LEPIDOPTERA.
By Harrison G. Dyar.

Cinucha venosa Walker.

One example. The species flies in Mexico, Texas and Col-
orado, and has been taken in the canyons of the Rocky Mountains.
It is not uncommon, yet was not taken by us on this trip, except
this example on the snow.

Gnophela latipennis Boisduval.

One example. The species was flying at the Half-Way House
and had been abundant there a week previously. It was seen
also in several of the canyons.

Carneades perexcellens Grote.

One example in poor condition, rendering the identification
uncertain. The moth is a common Noctuid of the foot-hills.
Clistocampa fragilis Stretch. :

Fifty examples. The species was occuring in countless num-
bers above the Half-Way House, where acres of aspen trees had
been defoliated by the larvae. The moths were flying in swarms

all day about the leafless trees, which were loaded with their
cocoons like fruit.

78 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

Cacecta semiferana Walker.

Three specimens. These were the true semiferana, the oak-
feeding species, doubtless from the oaks in the canyons near Man-
itou. The box-elder species, which has been confused with
this, has the same markings, but is much paler, often nearly
uniformly creamy white with marks obsolete. It may be called
C. negundana. ‘There are likewise two forms under the name
C. argyrospila Walk. The bright reddish or ochraceous one
may be called C. vevédana. I will refer to these more fully in
treating of the larve collected in Colorado.

There also occurred three specimens of a Pyralid, all in such
poor condition as to preclude the possibility of even a generic
determination.

The species normally living above timber line and which were
flying in fair numbers at: the time, such as Colzas meadiz,
Argynnis helena, Chionobas semidea, two species of Anxarta
and several Tortricids and Tineids, were not taken on the snow.

COLEOPTERA.

The Coleoptera come next to the Hemiptera in point of num-
bers, there being twenty species.

Amara (Lirus) brunnetpennis Dejean.

Six adults and one larva. This is a true Alpine species. It is
found in Labrador and has been taken in Colorado, on Mt. Lin-
coln, at an altitude of*from 11,000 to 13,000 feet. It also occurs
in New Hampshire.

Selenophorus pedicularés Dejean.

One specimen. Widely distributed east of the Rocky Moun-
tains.

Selpha tnegualis Fabricius.

A single specimen. The National Museum contains specimens
from various localities from Texas eastward.
Hippodamia convergens Guérin.

Half a dozen specimens. Distributed all over the United
States.

Harmonia picta Randall.

One specimen. Occurs all over the United States.
Nitidula ziczac Say.

One specimen. The whole of the United States.
Podabrus lateralis LeConte.

Two specimens. Occurs in Colotatios Arizona and Utah.
Collops bipunctatus Say.

One specimen. There are specimens in the collection of the
National Museum from Colorado, Kansas, New Mexico, Ari-
zona and Idaho.

OF WASHINGTON, 79

Tetropium cinnamopterum Kirby.

One specimen. Northern and Western States, Indiana, Alaska.
Acmaops atra LeConte.

A single specimen of this seemingly rare species was in the
collection. The specimens in the National collection are from
Washington and Montana.

Monohammus scutellatus Say.
Widely distributed over the United States.

Acanthocinus obliguus LeConte.
Three specimens. Western States.

Pogonocherus mixtus Haldeman.
United States east of the Rocky Mountains, Idaho.

Orsodachna atra Ahrens.

Two specimens. British Columbia andthe whole of the United
States. .
Diabrotica tricincta Say.

A single specimen. Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico.
Trirhabda canadensis Kirby.

Three specimens. British Columbia and the. whole of the
United States.

Phyllotreta pusilla Horn.
‘Numerous examples. Very common in the southwestern
States. |

E-picauta sericans LeConte.
Occurs all over the United States.

Cantharts nuttalli Say.
One specimen. The specimens in the National collection are
from Montana, Minnesota, Colorado, Wyoming, and Idaho.

‘Cleonus guadrilineatus Chevrolat.
One specimen. United States west of the Mississippi.

ORTHOPTERA.

There were but two species of Orthoptera taken. <A/e/anoplus
atlanes and Mestobregma kiowa. The highest altitude at which
M. atlantis is recorded as having been taken is 9,500 feet in Utah,
where Prof. Scudder took it over twenty-five yearsago. It occurs
above timber in the mountains of New Hampshire (6000 feet).
M. spretus is the species that has been reported as common in high
altitudes in Colorado, and has been taken by Prof. Scudder on
Pike’s Peak. But I saw no specimens of this species anywhere
in Colorado, and Prof. Gillette, the Entomologist of the Colorado
Experiment Station, says that it has not been taken in the State
for over seventeen years. Mr. W.D. Hunter tells me, however,
that he took a few specimens in 1897 at Julesburg.

80 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

Mestobregma kiowa abounds throughout Colorado, and Prof.
Scudder took it at Manitou, but it has never before been recorded
from high altitudes. I took one adult female and two young
nymphs, which, I think, belong to this species.

HEMIPTERA.
By O. HEIDEMANN.

In this small but interesting collection are represented five
families, z. e., Pentatomide, six species; Coreide, four species ;
Lygeidz, eight species ; one species of Capside and one of Aradi-
dz, besides two species of Homoptera.

Podisus cynicus Say.

Twelve adults and one larva; males and females. Six of these
specimens evidently belong to another species, probably P. dracte-
atus Fitch. This species is considered by some American authors
as synonymous with /. cyzicus Say. But the writer has lately
had occasion to examine Fitch’s type specimen, a female (U. S.
Nat. Mus.), and to compare the same with specimens of P. cyn-
cus, and there seems to him no doubt that P. dracteatus
will have to stand as a separate species.. The female genitalia are
decidedly distinct in these two forms; there are also differences
in the shape of the body, which in P. dracteatus is comparatively
broader and shorter. However, more material from other local-
ities will have to be examined, and especially the male charac-
ters, before a definite conclusion can be reached.

Murgantia histrionica Hahn.

One example, showing the general pattern and colors. This
bug originally came from the subtropical region, but has invaded
the Southern and nearly all the middle States of North America.
In some localities it is propagating in great numbers on the leaves
of cabbage plants.

Peribalus limbolartus Stal.

One specimen; common; found in the northwestern and
Atlantic States.

Pentatoma (Lioderma) sayi Stal.

Five specimens; three males and two females. It occurs in the
western United States and is quite abundant in some localities.
Pentatomu (Lioderma) uhlert Stal.

A single specimen. This seems to be a strictly western form.
From the other species it can be easily differentiated by the more
rounded body, and by the white or yellowish-white margins of
the thorax and base of elytra. It is recorded also from Mexico.

Thyanta custator Fabricius var.
Seven specimens; three males and four females of the pale
green variety, without the usual red band across the thorax, or

OF WASHINGTON. Sl

red markings on the sides. This species is very variable and
is common throughout the United States and in Canada.

Thyanta rugulosa Say.

Five specimens, all females. A western species ; the specimens
vary sometimes in the length of the third and second antennal
joints.

Alydus casa aden Montandon.

One specimen, a female. Inhabits the western and northern
States, and can ah distinguished from other species of the genus
by the round, dark spots scattered over the thorax, elytra and
membrane.

Alydus pluto Uhler.

One specimen, a female; often confounded with the black
forms of Alydus eurtnus Say, but it is deep black throughout,
more robust and very hairy. A more northwestern species, also
found in Canada.

Stachyocnemus apicatlis Dallas.

One specimen. This species, although considered rare, has a
wide geographical distribution. It was originally described from
Florida, has also been found in the northwestern States, and has
lately been taken by the writer in the District of Columbia.

Dorachosa tllumtnatus Distant.

One example of the variety D. umbrosus Dist., with the legs’
entirely black. This species has often been confused with a
European species, A/cro/oma carbonaria Rossi, but Dorachosa
is smaller and the thorax differently shaped. It was originally
described from Mexico. The species is widely distributed. It
occurs also in the eastern States, and has been taken in the District
of Columbia underneath stones.

Flarmostes reflexulus Stal.
One specimen, a male, of the pale variety that occurs mostly
in the western States.

Eimblethis arenartus Linneus.
Three specimens. A European species, probably introduced ;
found all over the United States and in Canada.

Trapezonotus (Sphragisticus) nebulosus Fieber.
Three specimens. It is also a European species, quite com-
mon and widely distributed.

Nystus californicus Stal.

One example. Notuncommon. It has also been occasionally
found in the eastern States. :
Nysius angustatus Uhler.

Numerous specimens. This is a very common bug, and has
been found in nearly all the States and in Canada.

82 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

Ischnorhynchus didymus Zetterstedt.

Three specimens. A common European insect ; it has become
quite common here also, and is found all over the United States
and in Canada.

Lygeus turcicus Fabricius.

A fine set of specimens of the variety Z. reclZvatus Say, that
shows the white markings on the membrane very distinctly. The
species is very abundant.

Melanocoryphus fascetus Say.

Four specimens. The species is described by Say from Florida.
It is subject to great variation in the red markings on the thorax
and abdomen. The bug inhabits the southern States and the
West, and seems to be very common in some localities. Speci-

mens of this species have previously been found on the snow fields
of Pike’s Peak.

Lygus sp.

One example of a Lygus. It is too much distorted for specific
determination.
Aradus sp.

A single specimen, a male. Probably a new species, but hav-
ing only one specimen, and not knowing the other sex, it is not
advisable to describe it.
,Ldiocerus lachrymatlis Fitch.

Thamnotettix sp.

NEUROPTERA.

Limnephtlus concolor Banks.

Three specimens, the only species of Neuroptera represented
in the collection. The species has never before been reported
from Colorado, though it probably occurs quite widely distributed
through the northwestern States. It was described trom the
State of Washington. These specimens taken on snow were in
very poor condition and very much resembled the rubbed speci-
mens of unidentified Pyralids mentioned under the head of Lepi-
doptera.

In discussing the paper, Dr. Dyar referred to the extreme
abundance of Cléstocampa fragilis on Pike’s Peak almost up to
the timber line. Mr. Cook remarked that the Myriapoda were
especially good material for the study of geographical distribution,
‘as their manner of life restricted their range very effectively.
With the exception of a few large centipedes, one almost cosmo-
politan species being mentioned in particular, hardly any myria-

OF WASHINGTON, 85

pods have been introduced from one country into another. Dr.
Stiles asked whether any physiological observations had ever been
made as to the effect of high altitudes upon insects. Dr. Dyar
replied that Dr. Scudder had reported that certain species found
in high altitudes seemed to lose vigor when brought down toa
lower elevation. This was the only observation of the kind which
he recalled. :
—Then followed the paper by Mr. Simpson, entitled :

NOTES ON THE LIFE HISTORY OF THE CODLING MOTH.
By C. B, Simpson.

(Author’s Abstract.)

In the Pacific Northwest there has been much diversity of opinion
in regard to the number of the broods of Carpocapsa pomonella
Linn. During the past few years three broods was the commonly
accepted number. In attempting to solve this question of the
number of broods, Mr. Simpson found great difficulty in de-
termining the limits of a brood on account of the great over-
lapping. Upon examining records of larve killed under bands,
. it was noted that at certain times there was a greater number
of larve under bands than at other times. Numerous circu-
lar letters were sent to the Idaho fruit-growers in igor, asking
them to keep band records. These records were tabulated and
curves drawn on cross-section paper. Mr. Simpson exhibited a
number of these curves. It was noted that on all curves there
were two distinct maximums of larve going under bands. From
these facts he concludes that there are only two full broods in
Southern Idaho. A possibility of a third brood was mentioned.
Observations in orchards were deceiving. Prof. Gillette had con-
cluded that there were only two broods in Colorado. In Idaho
the Codling moth was but little injurious in the transition life zone.

Mr. Simpson exhibited many photographs taken by himself of
the insect in its different stages, its work upon fruit, methods of
control, and Idaho orchards.

In discussion, Dr. Howard said that he had heard Prof. Gil-
lette’s paper on this pest read before the meeting of the Associa-
tion of Economic Entomologists at Denver last summer. Prof.
Gillette then made the sweeping assertion that two broods was
the rule for this insect over the whole United States. His con-
clusions, however, were drawn almost entirely from observing

84 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

the life history in breeding cages. Dr. Howard thought that Mr.
Simpson’s method of observation and record was most surely cal-
culated to furnish the data for correct conclusions.

—The final paper of the evening was by Prof. Cook, and enti-
tled P: ea
THE EARWIG’S FORCEPS AND THE PHYLOGENY OF
INSECTS.

By O. F. Cook.

The earwigs are a group of tropical insects with very few rep-
resentatives in temperate regions. But in spite of their retiring
habits they have received a considerable amount of popular atten-
tion, because of the fear inspired ‘by the rather formidable pair of
forceps carried at the end of the body. Entomologists know,
however, that the creatures are quite harmless, and that their
forceps are not only free from any poison glands, but are not suf-
ficiently strong to make a wound or puncture. In fact, no ade-
quate explanation of the function of the forceps seems to exist, as
evidenced by the following summary of the scientific knowledge
of the subject by Dr. Sharp, the eminent entomologist of the
British Museum. m

‘¢ The pair of forceps with which the body is armed at its ex
tremity forms another character almost peculiar to the earwigs,
but which exists in the genus afyx of the Thysanura. These
forceps vary much in the different genera of the family; they
sometimes attain a large size and assume very extraordinary and
distorted shapes. They are occasionally used by the insects as a
means of completing the process of packing up the wings, but
in many species it is not probable that they can be used for this
purpose, because their great size and peculiarly distorted forms
render them unsuitable for assisting in a delicate process of
arrangement; they are, too, always present in the wingless forms
of the family. Their importance to the creature is at present quite
obscure; we can only compare them with the horns of lam-
ellicorn Coleoptera, which have hitherto proved inexplicable, as
far as utility is concerned. No doubt the calipers of the earwigs
give them an imposing appearance, and it may be of some little
advantage on this account; they are not known to be used as
offensive instruments for fighting, but they are occasionally
brought into play for purposes of defence, the creatures using them
for the infliction of nips, which, however, are by no means of a
formidable character.’’*

For at least one member of this group this deficiency of knowl-
edge can be supplied by the fact that an earwig supposed to be

'‘*The Cambridge Natural History, V, p. 208, 1895.

OF WASHINGTON. 85

Labia minor Scudder, common in the vicinity of Washington,
uses its forceps to spread its wings, and is apparently unable to
resort to flight without the assistance of its caudal armature.

It is well known to entomologists that the hind wings of the
earwig differ from those of all other insects, except those of the
Staphylinid beetles, in being folded transversely to fit under the
short anterior wings, which serve merely as protective covers.
The method of folding is, however, entirely different in the two
groups, and the suggestion of the above quotation that the ear-
wiguses the forceps to fold the wings seem to be quite erroneous.
It was probably borrowed by analogy from the beetles, where
the flexible abdomen is used, as it were, to tuck the wings under
their covers. The wings of the Staphylinide are still expanded
when the insect alights, and are sometimes allowed to remain so° |
when neglected through fright or annoyance.

With the earwig, on the contrary, the closing of the wings is
- instantaneous and apparently quite automatic; when the insect
alights its wings are completely folded, and it runs away without
the necessity of any of the preliminary contortions of the Staphy-
linide. Moreover, unlike the beetle, the earwig does not open
its wings readily or when running. ‘The operation is obviously
a special effort which requires it to stand still and exert its undi-
vided attention for a very appreciable interval. ‘The wing covers
and wings are soon raised from the body, but the wings do not
unfold until, by repeated quick upward movements of the re-
curved abdomen and forceps they are, as it were, combed out and
spread for flight. Occasionally an earwig seems to lose the power
of keeping the wings open, and repeatedly falls down after short
flights of an inch or two, though apparently making efforts at
longer journeys. Instead of direct flights, they often rise and con-
tinue to gyrate in a spiral about two inches in diameter.

It is, of course, possible that this observation would not apply
to all the winged earwigs, and, to judge from the past, much time
will be needed for its verification in the different families and
generaofthe group. That the present use of the forceps remained
so long unnoticed is probably to be explained by the fact that the
earwigs, like the termites, are nocturnal or twilight insects, and
when disturbed in the daytime never attempt to use their wings,
but run for shelter and concealment in the dark. The insects
which were seen to fly had been attracted to a light in the even-
ing, and there also flight seemed to be undertaken only when the
creatures felt themselves at leisure. When annoyed or frightened
they attempted only to run away the faster. Several genera of
earwigs, including Afachya, collected under similar circum
stances in Liberia, were also seen to alight with their wings
already folded, and to bend their abdomens while resuming flight,
though the nature and object of the movements were not then ap-

86 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

preciated or noted in detail. The complexity of the wingfold is
such, however, that the need of an accessory organ like the for-
ceps appears by no means improbable, and in the absence of any
other suggestion of general pertinence, it seems not unwarranted
to proceed on the assumption that the primary use of the forceps
of the earwig is the unfolding of the wings.

It is, of course, to be expected that such organs as the forceps
would be utilized in other ways, though the failure of entomolo-
gists to discover such secondary functions may be taken as an
indication that no very extensive adaptation has taken place.
The most that can be said at present is that both in the earwig
and in Japyx the long, slender hairs with which the forceps are
sparingly clothed are an indication that the tactile sensibility resid-
ing in the stylets of many insects is at least partially retained. In
some genera the forceps have become enlarged and thickened to
an extent strongly suggestive of a defensive use, and it is of further
interest to note that such forms are often wingless, and that the
broadening and thickening of the abdomen tends to diminish the
flexibility which is retained by the more slender form and laxer
skeletal structure of the winged genera. The unusually broad
_ abdomen of the winged African genus Afachya is an exception
to this rule, but here flexibility is provided for by the extreme
thinness of this part of the body, while the forceps are so peculiar
as to suggest the existence of some unique adaptation. There
also exist winged species with robust bodies and strong forceps,
but, like many beetles, these may make no use of their wings.
Indeed, it is easy to understand the evident tendency toward the
abandonment of so specialized and difficult, and at the same time
so relatively unnecessary an activity as flying seems to be among
the earwigs. With the earwigs, as with the termites. the wings
probably serve the single important purpose of cross-fertilization,
interbreeding, or panmixia, which conduces at once to organic
vigor and to evolutionary progress. But owing to their more
active habits and their freedom from social organization and caste
specialization, the power of flight is of much less vital importance
to the earwigs than to the termites, and although the latter use
their wings for buta single flight all sexual individuals are winged,
while many genera of picthiedt fe long since abandoned flight alto-
gether.

The existence of so many wingless earwigs is not, however, an
argument against the use of the forceps with the wings, nor against
the adequacy of such an explanation of the evolutionary origin
and universal presence of the forceps.in this group of insects.
Such an objection could be maintained only on the theory that
the ancestral earwig was wingless, and that wings have been in-
dependently developed by different genera of earwigs, a position
which nobody is likely to maintain. It is appreciated, however,

OF WASHINGTON. 87

that the failure of any of the wingless earwigs to lose the forceps
is not in accord with commonly accepted evolutionary theories.
Instead of dropping the forceps with the wings, the caudal ap-
pendages have, in some cases, apparently increased in size, and
have certainly continued to differentiate in form, attaining, for
example, a marked asymmetry in the wingless genus Azxzsoladbis,
a condition which could not possibly have a functional signifi-
cance in connection with the wings, and in all probability has
none in any other relation. The continued presence of the for-
ceps in the wingless earwigs is, moreover, paralleled as an evolu-
tionary phenomenon by the equally useless multiplicity of form
which appears in the forceps of the winged genera. The func-
tion here ascribed to the organs in question renders it highly im-
probable that there is the slightest use in the differences of form,
size, and armature of the forceps, and the great variability of
these characters also forbids the supposition that any definitely
specialized uses remain unknown. Both sexes of Labza minor
use their forceps in the same manner, though the form of the ap-
paratus is very different, and it is nearly twice as long in the male
as in the female. This is probably one of the endlessly numerous
secondary sexual differences having no direct use, but perhaps
serving an important purpose in contributing to the diversity
which many organisms maintain inside specific lines. The gen-
eral maintenance of a direct proportion between the length of
the abdomen and the length of the forceps* supports the view
that natural selection has tended merely to keep the forceps long
enough to reach back to the wings.

The field of biology abounds, however, in similar phenomena
which appear to be anomalous and mysterious when viewed from
exclusively selectional or static theories of evolution, but which it
seems preferable to interpret as examples of a general law of bio-
logical change for its own sake, as it were, and independent of
natural selection.t

As accessories of the organs of flight the forceps are, of course,
to be looked upon as an adaptation, but from what? Presumably
from the jointed stylets to be found in so many groups, but more
particularly from such as those of the peculiar insect described
by Westwood, under the name Dyscrztina.t but subsequently re-
ported to be the larva of an earwig. Dyscritina, which the
writer has observed and collected in Liberia, may be said to com-

*In a few cases where slender species have short forceps, the abdomen
seems to be unusually flexible, but in general the long forceps go with the
long bodies.

+A Kinetic Theory of Evolution, Science, N. S., XIII. No. 338,
pp- 969-978, June 21, 1got.

{ Trans. Ent. Soc. London, 1881, p. 601. Pl. xxii, Figs.1-li.

88 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

bine the habits of the earwigs with those of the true Thysanura.
It lives among vegetable debris in very moist places, is extremely
quick and agile in its movements, is very soft and delicate in tex-
ture, and is provided with a pair of long, many-jointed stylets
instead of the forceps of the adult earwig. Curiously enough,
these are exactly the differences which obtain between Japyx, the
only other insect with forceps like the earwig, and the smaller
and more thysanuroid analogue of Campodea also found in Liberia
and described before this Society in 1899, under the name Pro-
japyx.* Recently Projapyx has been found to be not uncommon
in Porto Rico, and seems always to occur in the same localities
as the Porto Rican species of Japyx, that is, in all sorts of situa-
tions from moist valleys to the tops of dry limestone hills.

But if Projapyx is really the larva of Japyx, students of the
temperate species have failed of their full duty, or else we have
found repeated in this orderf the strange conditions of the ear-
wigs where some species have a larval stage and a metamorphosis
which have been suppressed in the others.

It is realized that this reasoning reverses, for the present case,
at least, the opinion held by Lubbock and others that the larval
stages of insects are derivative and adaptative, not ancestral
and primitive. No reason is, however, apparent why one of
these opinions should exclude the other, and in the present in-
stance it seems obvious that from the standpoint of hexapod
structure Dyscritina is much less specialized than the adult earwig,
or than the larva of the Hymenoptera or Lepidoptera.

If, instead of holding that the Dyscritina stage of the earwig
is an adaptation, we interpret it as a more primitive condition,
it will be necessary to apply the same reasoning to the orthop-
terous groups to which the earwigs have been thought to be
closely allied. Mostof the cockroaches, like most of the earwigs,
have no pronounced metamorphosis, but in several genera there
is a transformation in both sexes, while in others only the males
reach the winged condition. Metamorphosis is more accentuated
among the cockroaches than among the remaining orders of
Orthoptera, so that the current opinion that these insects are
primitive because they have no metamorphoses is self-contra-
dictory. ‘

Having thus emancipated ourselves from the notion that the
cockroaches represent the primitive insect type, it will be easier
to appreciate at its proper value the long-obvious probability

* Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington, iv, 222, 1899.

+ A separate order Dicellura was established for Japyx in 1896, for the
reason that it seemed more remote from the true Thysanura than the
latter are from the Orthoptera. See Brandtia, p. 49, July 30, 1896; also
Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington, iv, 222, 1899.

OF WASHINGTON. 89

that the ancestral distinction belongs to the so-called neuropterous
orders with aquatic larve and complete metamorphoses. Dys-
critina as the larva of an earwig, and Projapyx as the larva of
Japyx, bring the orthopterous series closer to the aquatic larve
of the Neuroptera, with their many-jointed stylets, and thus per-
mit us to think of the archetypal insect as a creature with meta-
morphosis and with wings instead of beginning with a thysanuran
ancestor and being compelled to imagine the wings as appearing
‘¢ independently at several points ”’ as maintained by Professor
Smith.* |

For the correctness of this view, that the neuropterous orders
with aquatic larve are the more primitive,f a large amount of
evidence might be brought together, but perhaps the most con-
spicuous advantage of this standpoint lies in the fact that it per-
mits the suggestion of an origin and method of development for
the insect wing, which can scarcely be accounted for by any
rational evolutionary theory beginning with the assumption that
the first insects were land animals.

The wings of the birds, pterodactyls, bats, fishes, and other
flying animals, are known to be modifications of organs used for
locomotion in water or on land, but we have been contented to
assume that the wings of insects were made, so to speak, from
whole cloth, and have failed to associate them as the homological
equivalents and derivatives of older structures used for purposes
other than flight.

Kinetic evolution views as normal the progressive change of
any particular part, but would not prearrange and carry forward
the complex and delicate adjustments of structure and function
necessary to the perfection of such organs as wings, since, except
for flying, wings are about as useless structures for terrestrial in-
sects as could well be imagined, and some representatives of
nearly all the orders have abandoned them.

But if the discussion be transferred to the water, we have, so
to speak, much clearer sailing. Fins too small for flying are still
very useful to fish, and a gradual and natural increase of size of .
swimming organs to the point where they can be used for flight
is illustrated by the analogy of the flying fishes.

*An Essay on the Classification of Insects, Science, N. S., v, p. 671,
April 30, 1897.

+The copulatory apparatus of the Odonata, located on the second seg-
ment of the abdomen, is paralleled only in the Diplopoda. The paired
genital openings of the Ephemerida and the moulting of the insect in
adult form are, if possibie, even more primitive features.

tSome of the so-called flying fish merely soar for short distances on
their expanded wings, but others are capable of true flight, not by flapping
their wings like birds, but by keeping them in a state of very rapid vibra

90 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

The lack of means of aerial existence and of locomotion on land
has kept the fish from terrestrial conquests, but aquatic insects
are not thus restricted, and thousands of species, including mem-
bers of many different orders, are still able to make the ancestral
substitution of a terrestrial for an aquatic habitat. Many also
remain in the water as adults, and use their wings for swimming.
Some of the May-flies descend into the water to lay their eggs,
and in the genus Pteronarcys the adult winged insect has external
gills. The most conspicuous suggestion for the formation of
- wings from gills is, perhaps, to be found in the larve of the May-
flies, where the gills have become subdorsal and the trachee
which, in other groups, hang in brush-like clusters, are spread
out instead as veins of delicate, leaf-like membranes, and even ar-
ranged ina manner strongly suggestive of the patterns of the wings
of some adult insects of other groups. The utilization of the
anterior pairs of such lamillar gills as swimming organs, and their
subsequent further specialization as wings, is thus a supposition
requiring no abrupt or improbable change of structure or function,
and affords a rational explanation of organs otherwise as mysteri-
ous morphologically as the wings of angels.

So much for the argument afforded by the winged and wingless
earwigs, and the similarity of the jointed stylets of the earwig
larve to those of Projapyx and Campodea. Shortly after writing
this sketch of phylogenetic possibilities, I received from Dr.
Filippo Silvestri,* of Bevagna, Italy, a paper in which my
meagre account of the anatomy of the African Projapyx is greatly
extended by observations on a South American species. Dr.
Silvestri not only agrees with me that Projapyx is the most prim-
itive of insects, but he holds in addition that it proves the descent
of theinsects from the diplopods, because he finds that the jointed
stylets are spinning organs homologous with those of Scolopen-
dretla and with those of the diplopod orders Celochetaf and
Monocheta. But if Projapyx is the larva of Japyx instead of a
mature insect, Dr. Silvestri’s reasoning must be reversed, and
we should prepare ourselves to believe that the Symphyla, Dip-
lopoda and Pauropoda do not represent the ancestors of the hex-

tion through a small arc, like the insects. The distances traversed are
too great, and the rate of speed too slow and too uniform to be explained
by the momentum with which the fish leaves the water. This conclusion
is the result of many excellent opportunities of observation within the last
ten years, principally in the Cape Verde region of the Atlantic. The ob-
jection of some ichthyologists that the flying fish is not so constructed as
to be able to vibrate its fins in the air would also render these organs use-
less in the water. |

* Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. Comp. Univ. Torino, No. 399, Sept. 12, 1go1.

+ Brandtia, p. 41, 1896.

OF WASHINGTON, 91

apods, but are, as it were, larviform off-shoots from the insect
phylum. In other words, we may compare the diplopods with
caterpillars and other larve, and may seriously undertake the
study necessary to determine the reality of what have been sup-
posed to be merely superficial similarities, such as the form of
the cephalic sclerites, the barbed hairs and the repugnatorial
pores. Polyxenus looks enough like a caterpillar, and its large
fossil relative Pa/e@ocampa would have been even more strongly
suggestive of such an affinitv.* Moreover, a hexapod origin for
the Diplopoda would explain the fact that the diplopod larve are
hatched with the six anterior legs, the remaining pairs being
attached to rings intercalated behind the genital segment. The
anamorphous Chilopoda are hatched with seven pairs of legs, but
the others are added by intercalation in front of the genital seg-
ment, which thus appears near the posterior end of the body in
the one group and near the anterior in the other.

In this way it is possible to bridge the chasm which seemed to
so profoundly separate the Progoneata (Diplopoda, Symphyla,
and Pauropoda) from the Opisthogoneata (Hexapoda and Chilo-

* The barbed hairs of the larve of the Merocheta, and the bristles of the
Ceelocheta, Monocheta and Colobognatha support the view that the soft-
bodied, hairy Polyxenus is the most primitive of existing diplopod types.
It may also be said that the skeletons of the different orders of Diplopoda
are too diverse to.be rationally explained by descent from a single hard-
bodied type. In the Merocheta the segmental rings are solid and com-
plete, without even traces of sutures to represent pleural or ventral plates.
In the Ccelocheta, Monocheta, and Colobognatha the ventral plates
are free; in the Diplocheta, Zygocheta, and Anocheta they are adnate, but
are distinct by sutures. The pleurz are free in the Oniscomorpha and
Limacomorpha and in the Siphonotide; adnate in the Polyzonide and
remaining Colobognatha, and in the Monocheta and Anocheta; no traces
of pleural elements have been reported in the Diplocheta, Zygocheta,
Ccelocheta and Merocheta. Finally, in the order Anocheta, the dorsal
part of the segmental ring is composed of three transverse bands, a con-
dition perhaps paralleled only in the larve of the saw-flies. From the
entomological standpoint these differences would be thought very grave;
indeed, they may be said to be altogether too grave for explanation by evo-
lutionary changes in parts already hardened. If, however, we think of them
as independent acquisitions of firm armor by soft-skinned animals we have
ample analogies in other groups. This interpretation does not, of course,
decrease the “actual diversity, but it enables us to credit the evidence
of the otherwise great similarity of structure and function among the
Diplopoda. It permits Polyxenus to be more closely associated with the
other Diplopoda, and brings the Diplopoda, as a group, closer to the
Symphyla and to the Hexapoda.

ENTO

YLOGICAL SOC
poda). That there could be any derivative relationship between __
a group of animals with the reproductive system opening in the |
anterior part of the body (Progoneata) and others with the reverse ©
arrangement (Opisthogoneata) seemed impossible, unless the
common origin were traced back to worms with unspecialized
reproductive segments. Should the present suggestion prove to
have a foundation in fact, we shall have firmer ground for believ-
ing that the insects and the four classes commonly grouped as
‘¢ Myriapods”’ do in reality constitute a natural assemblage.*

Nor do the possibilities of integration end here, since the asso-
ciation of the Progoneata with the insects as derivatives of an
originally aquatic group reopens the whole question of their affini-
ties with the Crustacea and Arachnida, and may result in the
rehabilitation of the Arthropoda as a natural phylum or primary
division of the animal kingdom.

The paper was discussed briefly by Messrs. Simpson, Gill
and Stiles. Mr. Simpson said that Prof. Comstock had given
serious consideration to the theory that the primitive and original
insects were aquatic and winged, but had finally abandoned it as
untenable. He had noted that the tracheal gills of certain May-
flies are of almost the same pattern as the wing veins. This
similarity, however, he had found to be accidental. Dr. Gill said
he thought that there was no ground for believing that insects were
derived from myriapods. There wasa possibility, however, that
they had sprung from an entomostracan type, though this was
merely an hypothesis. Insects may have existed in paleozoic times,
but there was no evidence of it. He maintained that flying-fish
do not have a true flight, but that their enormously enlarged pec-
toral fins serve merely as parachutes for their sustentation in the
air until the initial momentum of the fish leaving the water is
exhausted. :

Prof. Cook, however, maintained that certain of the flying-fish
really progress through the air by a rapid vibration of the
wings. He spoke of the resemblance of some geologic Crus-
tacea to the larve of certain species of cockroaches as of inter-
est and suggestive. :

*For this the name Labrata was proposed in 1896 (Brandtia, p. 30).
The Labrata were deemed co-ordinate with the Branchiata (Arachnida and
Crustacea) and the Malacopoda (Peripatus). »

| TABLE OF CONTENTS OF THIS NUMBER. |

$

_ List OP I MAR RS ass Spcasca hoarse cinudees secs al tdmas sors Seeded sot coms ieee
-CAUDELL, A. N.: Some insects sont the summit of Pike's. Peak,
ae SFOUN ON SNOW+,...4.ceceesanregsenegerereeseeesersacoseasesees epebedcoaeeeserene
seat Coox, O. F.: Evolutionary Rete ckiehs from the iepopedas 143, The
- earwig’s forceps and the phylogeny of INSECES. ...essesare - aWeemuuees
_Dya, Harrison G.: A review of the species of Haploa, beta
what species should the name Acronycta hamamelis. Guenée be
applied? 13; Description of the larva of Triprocris smith-—
sonianus Clemens, 33; A new form of Clisiocampa from Col-
orado, 38; Synoptic table of the North American species of
Chionobas, 42; <A lepidopterous larva on a -leaf-hopper —
(Epipyrops barberiana n. sp.), 43; Notes on Mosquitoes on
Long Island, New York, 45; Illustrations of the early stages
of some Diptera, 56; The colléction of Lepidoptera in the
‘National Musem, 61; Lepidoptera [from the summit of Pike’s
Peak, found on BROW I Sis iat wtcinieeacs Beds pucks geusstecgeetudeues “77
-HeIpemayy, O.: Notes on Belonochilus numenius Say, 11; Hemip- Ms:
tera [from the summit of Pike’s Peak, found on Singh es 80 4
- Hopxins, A. D.: Some Notes on the genus Dendroctonus (author’s
_ abstract), 3; A new genus of Scolytids from Florida... 34
‘SanpERSON, E. Dwicut: Notes upon the structure and classification __
of Chrysomelid. REY Despite coy oth nse eval inwabb ake Uiceccbsas ais Gives ahetsoeniel WE
Smpson, C. B.: The gidaeutary canal of certain Joxcitewose
larvee (author's abstract), 72; Notes on the life history of the.
Codling Moth (author’s ABOMMEE).sopideo.ccecsriente eet Fe rene ke
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The 167th regular meeting was held at the uheace of Dr. L.
_O. Howard, 1336 Thirtieth street, N.W., President ‘Dyar in
the chair, and Messrs. Kotinsky, Sinibaeii, Barber, Benton,
Howard, Ulke, Doolittle, Morris, Currie, Ashmead and Hunter,
active members, and Mr. H. H. Newcomb, of the Harris Ento-
mological Club of Boston, visitor , also present.
Mr. W. D. Hunter was elected an active member of the So-
ciety. | |
Under the head of Short Notes and Exhibition of Specimens,
Mr. Newcomb exhibited photographic prints showing the vena-
tion of various insect wings. These prints were made by plac-
ing the wings (those of the Lepidoptera being first bleached)
upon sensitized paper. He also showed the photograph of an
hermaphrodite gypsy moth, one side showing male, and the ~
other female, characters. The specimen from which this last
photograph was taken was loaned by Mr. A. H. Kirkland. Mr. |
Simpson described the method, used by Prof. Comstock, of mak-
ing tracing-drawings from enlarged photographs.
be —Mr. Kotinsky showed a copy of Newstead’s Monograph of
the British Coccide, Volume 1, just issued by the Ray Society,
commenting upon the figures and on certain points in the
classification as given in that work. He also noted that the
Dactylopine scale-insect Pergandiella americana Cockerell
had recently been found infesting the underground portion of the
stems of Kentucky blue-grass (Poa pratensis). A very similar
species, described by Signoret, had been found on grass stems,
but Cockerell’s species had previously been found only upon ash.
__ —Mr. Simpson exhibited a drawing of the photographic appa-
ratus used by him for getting pictures of the larve of Hydro-
psyche zz sc¢z in the water, and also showed two prints of the
_ photographs obtained. He presented for publication the follow-
ing abstract of his pernarks:

ter ae

PHOTOGRAPHING NETS OF HYDROPSYCHE.
By C. B. Stmpson.

Many times while observing the nets of this insect in streams,
_ the writer wondered if they could be photographed zz s¢tz. ;
Many attempts were made to do so in Fall Creek, the gorge

gob Dee ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

of which bounds the Cornell University campus. Many failures
were made, but each failure showed another difficulty to over-
come. The principal
difficulties were as
follows: roughness
of the surface of the
water, splashing of
water on the lens, re-
flection from the sky
and lack of sufficient
light. The best neg-
atives, from which
prints are here repro-
duced, were secured
ona dark day. With-
out doubt much bet-
ter results could have
been obtained on a
brighter day. By
consulting Fig. 3, the
apparatus used can
be easily understood. The camera is the usual vertical camera
with a heavy iron tripod base. Between the upstream legs is
placed a glass bottomed box which is securely weighted down.
About a half inch of water was placed in the box. A focussing
cloth was held over the camera to cut out the reflection of the sky.
The photographs (Figs. 4 and 5) show fairly well how the nets
are built at the edge of a little irregularity of the rock surface.

Fic. 3.—Apparatus for photographing objects in shallow,
swiftly running water.

—Dr. Dyar presented the following note for publication :
NOTE ON ARACHNIS DILECTA BOISD.
By Harrison G. Dyar.

- Inthe Catalogue Lep. Phalenz Brit. Mus. Hampson describes
the 9 only of this species. Mr. H.H. Newcomb brought to the
National Museum for identification a ~ Arachnis, captured in
Mexico, which is obviously the {of A. dilecta. It differs from
the 9 in having the disk of the hind wings white, the crimson
ground color being confined to the costal and internal margins.
This sexual difference is exactly as in the ailied A. zuzz Neum.
from New Mexico, but ia that species the ground color is yellow
instead of crimson.

—The first paper was by Mr. Ashmead and was entitled
‘s Notes on some South American Chalcidoidea.” He stated that
it was now fifteen years since he first undertook to work up the

OF WASHINGTON.

Fic. 5.—Nets of Hydropsyche photographed 7 sztu.

95

96 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

collection of South American Chalcids made by Mr. Herbert H.
Smith. This collection has recently been purchased by the Car-
negie Museum, and Mr. Ashmead has in preparation a classifica-
tion of the Superfamily Chalcidoidea in which the new genera
and species contained in the collection are to be described. He
commented upon the striking resemblance that exists between
the Central and South American forms. Dr. Howard’s conclu-
sions, published in an article in the Wilder Century Book, that
there is a definite correlation between the habits and structure of
Chalcid flies, were supported by Mr. Ashmead’s studies. In those
groups in which the habits are known, it has been found that the
various species in each tribe have hosts which are also closely
related to each other. About sixty drawings prepared for Mr.
Ashmead’s paper were exhibited by him and he commented upon
a number of the many striking and interesting species figured.
One in particular, a magnificent Chalcid belonging to West-
wood’s genus Pelecinella, he had named howardz. It is nearly
an inch in length. This insect belongs to the Cleonymidea, and as
all members of this family whose habits are known are parasitic
upon Coleoptera, it seems probable that this species will eventu-
ally prove to have some large South American beetle as its host.

The paper was discussed by Dr. Howard. Hesaid that, as parts
of Brazil belong to the same faunal region as portions of Central
America, he did not think it strange that the Chalcid forms from
these countries are similar. He thought it doubtful that the
Eucharide are parasites of ants. It was possible, he believed,
that they might prove to be parasites of some of the guest insects
which occur in ants’ nests,and which are often larger than the
ants themselves. Some of the Eucharids seemed too large to be
parasites of the ants.

Mr. Ashmead stated that the group of gall-parasites did not
confine its attention to the gall makers of any one order of insects
but infested all kinds of galls. He said that in his forthcoming
paper he had tabulated about five hundred and seventy genera of
Chalcid-flies and had succeeded in placing nearly all of the
described genera.

—The next paper was by Mr. Newcomb, and entitled: ‘‘An
Entomological Trip to Mt. Katahdin, Maine.” He gave a very
interesting and entertaining account of a trip made by him in

OF WASHINGTON, 97

June, 1901, in company with three others, to this mountain.*
He described the country traversed on the way thither, along the
Penobscot river. Mt. Katahdin is 5,150 feet in altitude and
seven miles in length. It consists of three peaks, one to the
north and two in the south. Between the two latter stretches a
table-land which had hitherto been considered inaccessible. The |
portion of the mountain leading to the table-land is called ‘‘ the
Slide.” It is 1,000 or 1,200 feet long and very difficult of ascent.
This table-land, which they succeeded in reaching after an ardu-
ous climb, has a growth of mountain hemlocks and sedge, and is
strewn with granite boulders. A brownish or blackish-gray moss
grows abundantly. Here a species of butterfly belonging to the
genus Chzonobas and, at the time, thought to be semzdea, but
afterwards described by Mr. Newcomb.as a distinct species,
katahdin, was found. The weather was very foggy and cloudy
most of the time, so they did not remain long upon the table-land,
but Mr. Newcomb and another entomological member of the
party returned to it again onthe following day. Forty-nine
specimens of the Chéonobas were then secured. When resting
upon the moss-covered ground it was well protected by its color.
He noticed a curious habit it had of resting with its body and
wings lying over sidewise. The wind was very strong and the
butterflies flew close to the ground, usually within two feet of it,
to avoid being blown down from the table-land. If they were
blown off, as sometimes happened, they would strive to get back.
Mr. Newcomb made the trip again on the third day. On the
way up, Lzmenitis arthemis was observed very commonly, but
scarcely any were seen on the return trip.

In the discussion of this, Dr. Dyar said he thought it remarka-
ble that a form of Chionobas not semédea should be found on Mt.
Katahdin, as semzdea was the.form occurring upon Mt. Wash-
ington. C. katahdin, though hardly a distinct species, seemed
nevertheless to be a good local form or race. Mr. Morris said
that botanists have made some very exceptional finds on Mt.
Katahdin, but that all their trips made thither have been short.

—The last paper read was the following :

* See Mr. Newcomb’s article in Extomological News, October, 1901, pp.
225-231.

98 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

THE LOG-CABIN BUILDER.
(Limnephilus tndivisus Walker.)
By C. B. Stmpson.

During the spring of 1900, while at Ithaca, N. Y., the writer
incidentally made some observations upon the larve of this cad-
dis fly. The larve were found in abundance in a series of still
ponds near Fall Creek during April and part of May. They
were found as early as April 9 in 1900 and March 31 in tgor.
At these times the larva were from one-fourth to half grown.
In March, 1go1, the winter ice was out, but a thin sheet of ice
was present. The upper ponds of the series contain water
throughout the season, while the lower ponds are dry about mid-
summer.

About April 20 the larve were nearly all full grown. By plac-
ing the cases containing larve in a dry box it was found that the
larve would leave the cases and thus obviate injury or killing the
larve in removing them forcibly.

When full grown the larve are about three-fourths of an inch
in length. The head, prothoracic and mesothoracic shields and
legs are dark brown or black in color, while the remaining parts
are clouded white. The legs are well developed and bear well
developed claws. The first abdominal segment bears one dorsal
and two lateral tubercles. There are four principal rows of fila-
ments which are nearly white by reason of the trache and air
contained in them. On each lateral margin of the abdomen
there is a row of fine stiff hairs placed closely together. The
caudal segment of the abdomen bears two prolegs which are
armed with strong hooks. The use of these structures is évident
upon examining the habits of the insect. The tubercles and the
prolegs are used to hold to the inside of the case. The filaments
are respiratory, and the rows of fine hairs are for inducing cur-
rents of water. :

The cases of the younger larve consist of small sticks, grass
stems, leaves and moss arranged in a more or less irregular
manner. The material of which the cases of the older larve are
built depend in a great measure upon the material in hand:
when an abundance of leaves is present in the bottom of the
pond these are for the most part used, and, in many, leaves alone
constitute the case. These bits of leaves are placed one upon
the other at right angles to the axis of the case, and silk is used
to fasten them in place. These are placed around the entrance
to the case in an irregular manner, and are always eaten so as to
make a smooth interior although the exterior is irregular. When
larve are placed in an aquarium they feed from each other’s
cases and break off pieces and incorporate them in their own

OF WASHINGTON. 99

cases, both of which tends to make the exteriors regular. When
bits of sticks are used they are placed, as with leaves, at right
angles to the axis of the case. Sticks as large as one-fifth of an
inch in diameter are often used. The larve were observed to eat
out a notch in the inner side of the stick when in place. It is
quite a task for one to fasten one of these large sticks securely,
and many times the larve get into difficulties by adding sticks
that are so bouyant that they come up to the surface. The insect
thrusts its body out of the case, jerks and beats the water vio-
lently until a chance foothold is secured, when it crawls to the
bottom. The larve immediately begin to build themselves a
new case when deprived of the old one, and can complete a case
in one night. Experiments were tried by giving the larve small
stones with which to build a case, and in no instance were the
larvee successful. Snail shells with living snails are sometimes
used in the cases. A cherry-pit was noted. One larva used two
wheat kernels which sprouted and caused some inconvenience to

the occupant. When cases were given naked larve they imme- —

diately crawl into these head first, but in a short time one finds
them in their normal position.

The contents of the alimentary canal of several larve were ex-
amined. In all instances vegetable matter such as leaves and
wood was found. The alimentary canal is remarkable on ac-
count of the great development of the muscles, particularly the
circular.

The first pupation was noted on April 28, and practically all
had pupated by May 16. Strong silken nets were found at either
opening of the case: the cephalic opening being largest. In an
aquarium a few cases were found attached to the sides of the glass
jar, while in the pond they could attach themselves to the lower
side of leaves. Some were found standing on end in the bottom
of the pond. In all places it was noted that the insect and its
case were in such a position that no mud could enter the case by
the circulation.

The pupe are very delicate, of a white, and later of a pink,

color. The most interesting structure is the lateral fringe of stiff

hairs which was noted in the larve. In the pupe these hairs
are larger and are present on the caudal end as well as the lateral
margin. By placing a case, containing a pupa, ina dish of water
containing carmine the cir culation of water through the case was
observed. Without doubt this circulation is produced by a gen;
tle undulatory motion of the abdomen, which action would be
greatly aided by the fringe of hairs.

The first adult emerged May 29. The pupe break the ceph-
alic net and swim to some projecting stick upon which they craw]
out of the water. The skin splits in the usual way and remains
fastened upon the stick by the claws for sometime. Many adults

& MA

100 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

were observed on the weeds and grasses-in and about the ponds.
The adults are of a straw color and have a green abdomen. The
adults were kindly determined by Mr. Banks.

No eggs were obtained in spite of the many efforts. On ac-
count of regular work it was found impossible to further trace
the life history of the insect.

Mr. Ashmead asked Mr. Simpson if the larva have an organ
of attachment, and mentioned a larva of the neuropterous genus
Raphidia from Oregon, received alive at the National Museum.
It attached itself very tenaciously to the desk by a suctorial disk
on the end of the abdomen. He called attention to a figure of a
Raphidid larva published in the Cambridge Natural History.
Referring to the trichopterous larva, Mr. Simpson said he had
never noted such an organ in trichopterous larve.

APRIL 17, 1902.

The 168th regular meeting was held at the residence of Mr. J.
D. Patten. The following members were present: Messrs.
Howard, Stiles, Kotinsky, Busck, Patten, Benton, Simpson, Mar-
latt and Hunter; also Messrs. Cattell and von Schrenk, visitors.
In the absence of the President, the meeting was called to order
by Mr. Patten.

Under the heading Short Notes, Dr. Stiles called the attention
of the Society to a paper in a recent medical publication * in
which the author described experiments tending strongly toward
proof of the transmission of dengue or break-bone fever by spe-
cies of the genus Culex. This note was discussed by Dr. How-
ard.

—Dr. Howard mentioned the fact that had recently been
brought to his attention that the Cuban Anopheles argyritarsts
Desvoidy breeds at times in water retained in impressions made
by the feet of cattle. This observation, tnough not unique, is as
yet unpublished, and has an important bearing upon the possibil-
ity of the destruction of malaria-bearing mosquitoes.

—Dr. Stiles asked the opinion of the Society in the matter of

*Med. Rev., N. Y. (1631), Vol. 61 (6), pp. 204-207, Figs. 1-8, February
8, 1902. }

OF WASHINGTON. 101

the proposed investigation of the relative feasibility of the vari-
ous canal routes in Central America as far as mosquitoes and
the diseases transmitted by them were concerned. After some
discussion the following resolution was proposed by Mr. Benton
and unanimously passed : :

Resolved, That it be the sense of the Entomological Society
of Washington that a commission of scientific men, at least one
of whom should be an entomologist, should be appointed to visit
Central America to investigate the feasibility of the different
proposed interoceanic canal routes as regards the prevalence of
diseases transmitted by mosquitoes, the possibility of controll-
ing the breeding places of such mosquitoes, and the consequent
restriction to shipping interests by quarantine regulations that
might be necessary in the different localities.

—Mr. Benton called attention to some recent observations he
had made to the effect that the Cyprian race of bees preserves its
drones much longer than any other race.

—Upon motion of Dr. Howard, the reading of the papers on
the regular program was postponed in order that Mr. Marlatt
might give the Society an account of his recent travels. Mr.
Marlatt then proceeded, with the aid of maps, pictures and spec-
imens, to narrate the results of his trip around the world, paying
especial attention to the observations made in Japan that led him
to the conclusion that that country is not the original home of
Aspidiotus pernictosus. Extended observations in China, how-
ever, demonstrated, in his opinion, that the insect is there strictly
indigenous.

May §&, 1902.

The 169th regular meeting was held at the residence of Mr.
E. A. Schwarz, 230 New Jersey avenue N.W. President Dyar
occupied the chair, and Messrs. Schwarz, Howard, Ulke, Busck,
Barber, Kotinsky, Gill, Ashmead, Marlatt, Patten, Heidemann,
and Currie were also present.

Upon motion by Dr. Howard, the Society moved to suspend:
the rules, and unanimously elected Mr. Ulke an honorary mem-
ber.

Under the heading Short Notes and Exhibition of Specimens,

102 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

Mr. Ashmead mentioned that bees of the genus Azdrena were said
by Mr. Sherman to be injurious to grass. Discussed by Messrs.
Howard and Schwarz. The latter remarked that similar injury
done by the burrowing of a Nomia (JV. zevadica ?) was noticed
by himself, in 1880, near Selma, Ala. <A piece of pasture land
overgrown with Lespedeza showed bare spots, or dying plants,
where the burrows of the bee abounded. A Rhipiphorid beetle
(Myodites semiflavus) and several Mutillas were bred from the
~ cells of the bee.

—Mr. Heidemann exhibited specimens of Déaditus pictipes
Champion received from the town Hidalgo, on the Rio Grande
river, in southern Texas. This is one of the smaller Reduviids,
evidently belonging to the subfamily Stenopodine. The genus
Diaditus was founded by Stal upon a specimen from Monte-
video, Uruguay, which he named semzcolon. Another species,
Diaditus annulipes, was described by Berg from Buenos Aires, -
Argentina. Two more species, D. hérticornis and D. pictipes,
were described by Champion from Panama and Mexico, in the
Biologia Centrali-Americana, and to this last-mentioned species
Mr. Heidemann’s specimens from Texas belong. The genus
Diaditus has not previously been recorded as occurring north of
the Mexican boundary.

—Mr. Schwarz exhibited a specimen of a Lucanid beetle ( Dorcas
parallelus Say) which was completely covered with mites, its size
being thereby several times increased. The identification of the
specimen in this condition was attended with considerable difh-
culty. Beetles and other insects were often more or less infested
with mites, but it was very rarely that a specimen was found
completely covered by them as in this instance. Such a speci-
men was figured, the species infested being Carabus auratus, in
the Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift, Volume XVII, Pl. I,
Fig. 2, 1873, by Dr. G. Kraatz. The mite, in the case of the Lu-
canid, is an immature torm of a Gamasid and not determinable.

—Mr. Busck spoke of the peculiar cocoon of a Tineid moth
(Marmara salictella Clemens) which is covered with masses of
small round white bubbles like shot. It was a matter of conjec-
ture what these were and how they came there until Mr. Busck,
in studying the habits of the living larva, watched it while en-
gaged in spinning its cocoon. A framework of silk was first

OF WASHINGTON, 103

spun, and then the larva blew out the bubbles from the anal end

of its alimentary canal and thrust them through the framework so.

as to make a covering for the outside of the cocoon. The bub-
bles were examined with a microscope, but no trace of silk could
be found in them. Mr. Busck stated that, in the stage before the
last, the larva is flat and footless; in the last stage it has feet and
is round and slender. The note was discussed by Messrs. How-
ard, Gill, and Ashmead. Dr. Howard called attention to a note
by Paul de Peyerimhoff in the Annals of the Entomological So-
ciety of France, Vol. LXX, 1901, pp. 150-152, on the mechanism
of the batching with the Psocide. He wanted to especially point
out that the author, in describing the peculiar habit of the issuing
embryo of swallowing mouthful after mouthful of air in order to
swell its body and assist in bursting the enveloping membrane,
was anticipated by H. G. Hubbard. Peyerimhoff had been un-
able to find any former record of this peculiar habit with the
Psocide, but the speaker pointed out that Hubbard, in 1885, in
his masterly volume on the insects affecting the orange, on page
195, described this process exactly with Psocus cztricola Ash-
mead. | -

—Mr. Kotinsky reported to the Society some observations he
had made upon the larve of Chzlocorus similzs, recently brought
from China by Mr. Marlatt, which, he thought, might raise a
question as to the distinctness of this species from C\. d¢valnerus.
The larvee of szmz/és, when in the jar in which they were reared
in the Department, were light colored, distinctly lighter than are
larve of d¢vulnerus ; afterwards, when they had been exposed to
the light for some time in a breeding cage, they became darker,
so that they looked very much like dzvulnerus larve.

—Mr. Marlatt said he thought Mr. Kotinsky had stated the matter
rather too strongly. He thought that the change of color was
not due to change in the color of the larval integument, but rather
to a difference in the proximity of the spines, brought about by
a larval moult. He believed that szmz?cs larve differed from
those of dzvuldnerus and could be distinguished.

—Dr. Dyar read the following note:

~_

104 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

¢ NOTE ON A CALIFORNIAN FRUIT WORM.
By Harrison G. Dyar.

Dried fruit, infested with ‘*‘ worms,” which proved to be lepi-
dopterous larve, were received at the Department of Agriculture
from Santa Clara County, California. The resulting moths were
Vitula serraitlineella Ragonot. Their larve show some pecu-
liar points of structure.

Lgg.—Elliptical, flattened above and below, symmetrical,
rounded ; soft-skinned, coarsely granularly shagreened; some-
what translucent, pale yellowish or wood color. Size about
6 4 4 4 3 mm.

Larva.—Head rounded bilobed, the vertex retracted in joint 2,
somewhat flattened before and erect; clypeus not reaching the
membranous vertical triangle ; red-brown, sutures of clypeus and
mouth darker, ocelli black. Body cylindrical, tapering slightly
toward the ends, segments dorsally 2-annulate; feet normal,
small, pale, the abdominal ones with crochets in an ellipse.
Cervical shield distinct, large, transverse, luteous translucent,
brown at the marginal tubercles. Anal plate darker luteous.
Body whitish, rather opaque, a red dorsal shade at maturity.
Tubercles small, dark brown; iib of joint 3 and iii of 12 and all
those of joint 13 enlarged. On joint 13 dorsally there is a single
medio-dorsal shield carrying the tubercles ii of each side; a lat-
eral shield bears i and iii, which are closely approximated ; on
joint 12, tubercle ii is a little dorsad to 1; on the central seg-
ments i and ii are in line, iv + v; on the thorax ia + ib, iia 4 iib,
iv-+-v. The enlarged tubercles iib of 3 and iii of 12 have the
hair in a large, clear space around which the tubercle shield
forms a ring; these hairs must be specially movable. Sete
rather long, brown. Spiracles brown, those of joint 12 larger
than the others. Anal feet with a brown leg shield.

The following paper, by Mr. Banks, was then read by title:

SECONDARY SEXUAL CHARACTERS IN SPIDERS.
By NATHAN BANKs.

That differences in size exist between .the sexes of spiders has
long been known, and often commented upon. Yet it does not
apply to all spiders; with the Theraphoside, Pholcide, Dysder-
ide, Drasside, Clubionide, Agalenide and Dictynide there is
little difference in size between the sexes. Usually the abdomen
of the male is more slender than that of the female, but the
cephalothorax is about as large. In the Agalenide the male is
frequently larger and stouter than the female. In many Theri-

OF WASHINGTON. — 105

diide (micro-theridiide) there is little difference in size between
the sexes. In the Epeiride and Theridine the male is commonly
smaller, often very much smaller; in the Oxyopide and Lycos-
idee there i is not much difference in size, and with the Attide the
males are never much smaller than the females. In the male sex
of Thomiside, Epeiride, some Theridiidz, and a few Clubionide
the legs are proportionally or actually longer than inthe female.

The difference in coloration between the sexes of many Attidz
has been dwelt upon by Prof. Peckham. It is far more promi-
nent in this family than elsewhere in spiders. The Thomiside
. often show slight differences, and they are, ina few cases, I think,
due to sexual selection. In at least one species (Xysticus trz-
guttatus) there are two forms of the male, one colored as the
female, the other, and much more common form, marked in a
diferent manner. In the Oxyopide, Oxyopes salticus shows a
very marked difference in the color of the sexes. In the Lycos-
ide there are few cases, none very prominent. The male of
Lycosa ocreata has the tibia I clothed with long, black, erect
hair, which might well be considered as an ornament. In sev-
eral species of Pardosa the male is very much darker than the
female. In some Theridiide certain parts are more brightly
colored inthe malesex. In Latrodectes the male is much marked,
and resembles the young of both sexes. In a few species of
Dictyna the male is of a different color from the female.

The secondary structural characters in spiders are perhaps
more interesting and less understood. I know of no case in
either the Thomisidz or the Lycoside. In the Attide we quite
frequently notice that the mandibles of the male are much longer
and larger than in the female, as Zygoballus, Phileus, E-pible-
mum scenicum, and Ictus mitratus. In the males of some
species of Habrocestum there are small projections on the tips of
the patellz and tibiz of the third pair of legs. These projections
are sometimes prominently colored, and are probably for orna-
ment. In the Tetragnathide the mandibles of the male are
usually larger and furnished with more teeth than in the female.
Yet in the female they are much elongated. It is probable that
this character is partly due to the general lengthening of all parts
of the body, and later was especially modified in the male. But
not all long and slender spiders have elongate mandibles; as in
flyctia and Tvbellus they are of usual size.

In the Epeiridz we notice that in the males of some species
the tibiz of the second pair of legs are thickened, and thickly
clothed with stout spines, while the metatarsi are curved; for
example in &. trzvittata, E. foliata, etc. Sometimes the tibia
bears a curved projection as in Mahadeva.’ These characters
may be of some use in holding the female and preventing her
from turning and biting the male. In the males of a few species

106 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

there are spines on the anterior coxe,as in &. solitarza, E.
angulata, and #. silvatica. These species also have the tibia
and metatarus of leg II modified as above. Similar projections
on the coxze will be noticed in some Clubionide. In those
Epeirids that have humps or spines on the abdomen the male sex
is almost destitute of such characters. The head of male Epeirids
is nearly always narrower than that of the female.

In the Theridiide there are a large number of differences in
the sexes. In J@crodipfena there is a curved, spine-like pro-
jection at the tips of the anterior tibiz and metatarsi. A similar
structure is found in some tarantulas. The head of the male of
this genus is much higher than in the female; this is a very com-
mon difference in the family. In 7Theridium frondeum and one
or two allied species there is a small hump at the base of the
mandibles in the male. The mandibles are elongate and toothed
in the male of Zheridium sexpunctatum, and in certain species
of Linyphra and Frigone. In the males of some species of
Tmeticus and Microneta there is a spine-on the front of each
mandible. In 7° ¢rédenfata there is a row of teeth on the sides
of the mandibles, and in the female these are present in a rudi-
mentary condition. In some species of Hrégone the sides of the
thorax in the male are spiny. In a number of micro-theridide
(Lophocarenum, some Ceratinella, etc.) the head of the male is
curiously modified ; elevated into humps of various shapes, and
in the former genus with a little hole on each side. In the male
of Zmeticus unicornzs there is a prominent projection on the
clypeus; a similar one exists in the male of W/éstzagonia rostrata.
In the latter and in the allied Azcylorrhan?s hirsuta there is a
corneus shield on the abdomen of the male. In Ceraténella the
males possess a similar shield above and sometimes also below ;
in some species it may be present inthe female. In Cornzcularca
there is a horn between the eyes of the male. In Arzgonoplus
the male has the metatarsus of the front legs greatly swollen ;
this genus has the head lobed as in Lophocarenum. In the male
of Maso the head is much broader than in the female.

The importance of the sexual peculiarities of the micro-
theridide is not understood. Though they are not ornamental
in our eyes, they serve to give a distinctness to the male which
may be of service in enabling the female to recognize her proper
male; for except in these secondary sexual characters and in the
genitalia (accessory) the species are much alike. In Asagena
the cephalothorax is rougher in the male than in the female, and
it is said that these spiders make a noise by rubbing the base of
the abdomen over the cephalothorax, but it has not been observed
in the American species. In this genus the second pair of legs
is very spiny in the male.

In the Agalenide two species of Hahkn/éa have the hairs on the

OF WASHINGTON. 107

anterior legs of the male elevated on little projections. In the
Dictynide the males of Dzc¢yza have the mandibles longer than
the female, and bowed. In the Clubionide a few species of
Clubcona have ridges on the edge of the mandibles of the male.
In three species of Gayenna (G. calcarata, fraterna, and pec-
torosa) there are spines on the posterior coxz ; these are possibly
of use in holding the female. In 7hargalia several species have
horny shields at the base of the abdomen in the male. In the
Drassidz several species also have a horny shield at the base of
abdomen of the male.

In the Dysderide the anterior metatarsi of the male Arzadne
bicolor are curved and have a spine on each side. In /Vectrurys
may be noticed a hook-like process on the anterior tibia of the
male, and the males of Hurypelma (Vheraphosidz) also have a
curved hook at the same place. These projections are probably
of use in holding the female. The mandibles of the male of
Psilochorus pullulus (Pholcide) have each a spine on the front ;
the same are found in Pholcophora americana; in the latter
species there is also a hump on each anterior corner of the sternum.
In Physocylus gibbosus it is the female that is modified, the
hinder part of the cephalothorax is elevated behind into a spine.
The cephalothorax of the male is flat as usual in the genus.
These various projections on the mandibles of the Pholcide are
probably of no use in fighting, and probably not ornamental.

When one considers that each of these species has several allied
species that exhibit no sexual structural peculiarities, it is difficult
to explain the cause of these structures. Many cannot be used
in fighting. Some Attide, as Zygoballus, are known to fight ;
but there are other Attida that also fight, and show no sexual
structural differences. A few of them may be ornamental.

However, one must draw largely upon his imagination to find
any use for some of these structures.

I would rather suppose that it is a part of the male inheritance
to be endowed with an intense nervous restlessness that some-
times finds an expression in extreme developments of color or
structure. Sometimes these may be seized upon and maintained
by sexual selection. And, again, although they are not useful,
they may be maintained as outlets for the excessive vigor of the
male.

This, I think, would be more plausible than that they are the
results of accidental variation maintained by sexual selection.

—The next paper, ‘‘ Notes on the Habits of two Cicindelide
from Texas,” by Mr. J. D. Mitchell, of Victoria, Texas, was
presented by Mr. Schwarz, who made some introductory remarks

108 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

upon the personality of Mr. Mitchell, and the keenness and relia-
bility of his observations. Mr. Mitchell, he said, was an ardent
naturalist, and had accumulated a large amount of valuable infor-
mation from his studies of nature. None of these observations,
however, had been written out, and Mr. Schwarz, when in Texas
last winter, persuaded him to put some of his notes in the form
of a paper. Mr. Mitchell complied with his request, and this
paper was accordingly presented to the Society with Mr.
Schwarz’s recommendation that it be published.

OBSERVATIONS ON THE HABITS OF TWO CICINDELIDZ.

By J. D. MiTcHELL.
- zt. Tetracha carolina.

In the daytime the males hide under logs, trash piles, dead
leaves or bunches of grass; the females dig for themselves a den
just large enough to turn around in, in some well-drained place,
always using a weed leaf or grass blade to hide the opening.
When they come out in the evening, they hurry to the water’s
edge, and thrusting their mandibles deep into the moisture, take
a long drink. Then they begin their search for food; they run
fast, but erratic in course; they are very shy. I have never been
able to make one eat in captivity. I have observed them capture
insects many times, but could not identify the insects captured.

The sexual season is continuous from June to frost. The
female avoids the male, running, dodging and hiding when pur-
sued by a male. She seldom accepts sexual service without a
struggle. The male seizes the female with his powerful pincers,
at the junction of the thorax and abdomen, and forces matters
with her. The act consists of one insertion of the penis, lasting
about two minutes—sometimes the male holds on for a second
insertion, but that isthe exception. The female deposits her eggs
always near fresh water, one in a place, a quarter or half inch
below the surface of the ground and always in some well drained
spot. The young larva digs a hole an inch and a half or two
inches deep, and open at the top, bringing the earth in small
pellets to the surface in its strong pincers and depositing them as
far from the opening as it can without leaving its hole. As the
larva grows it digs its hole, larger and deeper, reaching a depth
at maturity of twelve to eighteeen inches, according to soil. If
an ant, sow-bug or like insect is dropped into their den, it is
seized and eaten. I have never seen a larva leave its hole, but I
have seen them reach half their length all around the opening.
I have dug out full grown larve on the 2oth day of Jantary,

OF WASHINGTON, 109

1902. By March their holes are open in every direction in large.
numbers.

The mature beetle is very shy and runs fast and hides effec-
tively. They have good wings, but I could never induce one to’
fly in daytime. At night they will fly, but always crawl up on a
stick or something to start from. If captured and placed in a
bottle, a pair will copulate, so strong is this instinct. They are
sometimes called by the natives the ‘‘ white-eyed bug.”

The above observations were made near Alligator Head, Cal-
houn County, Texas, in the years 1go1 and 1go2.

2. Cicindela rectilatera.

The beetles have but two objects in life—eating and propaga-
tion. They are omnivorous; they will eat alge and the fine
green moss that grows on moist ground around springs, pulling
it loose and shaking it free of sand before chewing it up. They
will also eat any small insect that they can capture such as small
ants, very young fiddler crabs, marine fleas, etc. They will also
eat any dead flesh that is fresh such as fish, rabbits, etc. I once
skinned. a large moccasin for them and in less than half a day-I
had a beautifully-cleaned skeleton ; they will not eat carrion.

In midsummer they seek shade in the heat of the day ; all the
balance of the time, day and night, they spend moving about.
They prefer the margins of the bays, rivers, lakes, and ponds,
but I have seen them, apparently content, many miles from
water. They run by spurts and fly promptly when danger
threatens. .

In the breeding season, which is from June to frost, the sexual
desire seems to be entirely on the side of the male, and it is sel-
dom that the female submits to the act without a struggle to pre-
vent it. The male seizes her with his strong pincers between
the thorax and the abdomen, and, will she, nil she, forces the
matter. The act consists of from three to five insertions of the
" penis, according to the vigor of the male, each insertion lasting
about one minute with a rest spell of about three minutes be-
tween insertions. So strong is this instinct in the male that he
will perform it in a bottle held in the hands, and I have several
times had them to die in the cyanide bottle without losing hold
of the female. After the female has surrendered to the male, she
goes about seeking food, carrying the male on her back. When
the male releases the female, he makes a good run, for she turns
on him and tries to bite him.

When ready to deposit her eggs, the female flies some distance
from her haunts. I have found colonies of larve three and four
hundred yards from where the nearest adults lived. She lays
one egg in a place, but places them from one to six inches apart.
As soon as the young larva hatches, it opens a hole to the sur-

.
-

110 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

face and digs downward, increasing its den in size and depth as
it grows, until it reaches eight or ten inches deep. If a green
grass stem is dropped into their hole they will seize it, when a
quick jerk will place the larva above ground.

The above observations are from a lifetime of observation in
Southern Texas.

Mr. Schwarz stated that Mr. Mitchell had presented a full-
grown larva of Zetracha carolina to the National Museum
which hitherto possessed only the larve of 7. virginica and
T. euphratica. :

Mr. Currie reported that over thirty specimens of Zetracha
' virginica had been taken from the toilet room in the Smith-
sonian building last summer. They had no doubt been attracted
thither by the light at night and had been unable to get out. He
thought they must breed somewhere in the vicinity. Mr. Schwarz
thought that they could hardly breed nearer than the Potomac
river or the carp ponds of the Fish Commission, as they required
damp places for this purpose. Mr. Marlatt said he had collected
large numbers of Zetracha carolina in the daytime in Kansas
under clods of earth on plowed ground. The only water near
was a small pond.

—Mr. Schwarz then remarked upon the occurence of Czczn-
dela striga in Florida. The first specimens were found by Hub-
bard and Schwarz, attracted by the light of the camp fires at
Lake Harney and Enterprise. In 1894 a third locality was dis-
covered in the vicinity of Punta Gorda. Here C. strigaand C.
severa were seen on July 14th flying ahout during the noon hours
on a meadow-like opening in the pine woods close to the shore
of the bay. At the suggestion of Mr. Hubbard the place was
visited during a severe rain storm, when the meadow was under
water, excepting a few small hillocks. It was then found that
the Cicindelas had taken refuge under fallen leaves beneath the
small bushes growing on the hillocks. With a little strategy
specimens were then-easily secured.

—Mr. Schwarz said there was a commonly-prevailing belief,
discredited by naturalists, that centipedes would leave a streak
in their path wherever they crawled over a person’s body ; in
other words, that the claws of their feet would cause a poison-

@

OF WASHINGTON, 111

ous inflammation wherever they touched the flesh. Mr. Mitchell,
of Victoria, Tex., told him of a case which came under his ob-
servation. A man discovered a centipede crawling over his back
beneath his shirt. He endeavored to capture and remove it but
had some trouble in doing so. Whenthe man’s back was ex-
amined a streak, which afterwards turned blue, was found where
the creature had crawled. The man was sick for some time but
finally recovered. Mr. Schwarz said that if this had been
reported to him by anyone not a reliable observer he would not
have believed it. He thought that the injury was inflicted after
the centipede had been irritated by the man’s effort to capture it.
Dr. Howard said that the only poison glands known in the cen-
tipede were situated at the base of the maxillipeds.
—Mr. Marlatt then read the following paper :

COLLECTING NOTES ON MOSQUITOES IN ORIENTAL
COUNTRIES.

- By C. L. Martartrt.

In the progress of a trip made by the writer from San Fran-
cisco to Honolulu, Japan, China, Java, Ceylon, Egypt, and
home again via France, special effort was made to collect the
mosquitoes which were in evidence in hotels and inns stopped at.
The trip covered over a year (1901-02), six months of which
were spent in Japan, and shorter times in the other places enu-
merated. The main object of the trip being the collection and
study of insects of other kinds, no special effort was made to col-
lect mosquitoes in the open nor otherwise than as stated. The
notes, therefore, are practically an account of the different kinds
of mosquitoes which were found in the cities and towns visited,
and notably those liable to attack travelers and guests at the dif-
ferent hotels and inns. An examination of the records indicates
that the house mosquito in greatest abundance and most wide-
spread is the Culex pipiens Linné. This mosquito occurred
practically everywhere, and was the species which was most in
_ evidence in point of numbers. It certainly deserves the title of
being the world mosquito as an indoor pest. Species of Ano-
pheles were not very often met with, and, on the other hand,
were several times found in places where they would not have
been expected, or, in other words, where malaria is practically
unknown. ‘The writer was bitten frequently by all the species
of mosquitoes collected, and many of those collected were taken
in the morning charged with blood. - No-results of any very seri-
ous consequences followed any of the bites of mosquitoes, Ano-

@

ee Te +.
“es

112 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

pheles included. In certain very malarious districts this doubt-
less is to be ascribed more to good fortune than anything else.
All of the material was examined and determined by Mr. Coquil-
lett who furnished notes also on distribution.

Leaving San Francisco in winter, it was a rather odd exper-
ience to have the mosquito problem thrust forcibly on one’s atten-
tion in the Hawaiian Islands in early March. On the hotel
verandas and in the hotel dining-rooms and bedrooms in Hono-
lulu at this season of the year (March 14th to 21st) mosquitoes
were very abundant and very pestiferous, it being almost impos-
sible to avoid being bitten many times during the evening and
night. The most abundant species collected here was Culex
pipiens. About the city of Honolulu the Chinese and Japanese
farmers are actively engaged in the growth of rice after the sys-
tem followed in their respective countries, and the flooded rice
fields and irrigating ditches furnished ample means for the breed-
ing in abundance of the mosquitoes, which characterized the
place and season.

THE MosQuiToEs OF JAPAN.

Japan was reached the first of April, and explorations through-
out the islands, from the north island (Hokaido), in the latitude
of Maine and Nova Scotia, to the lower end of the southern large
island of Kyushu, the latitude of St. Augustine, was prosecuted
from the date of landing until the date of departure, September
22d.

Japan is an ideal country for mosquitoes. The great staple
crop and the main food of the Japanese is rice, and rice fields
cover every inch of the country which can be reduced to a level
and brought under water. For several months in the year, there-
fore, much of Japan is a shallow water pool, and the country is
filled with the irrigating ditches and canals which supply water
to the rice fields. The very slight use of beasts of burden, also,
has led to the cutting up of the larger cities and towns with canals,
by means of which the products of the country are brought to
every sectionof the city. These canals forming a network through
the cities are choice breeding places for mosquitoes, and the re-
sult is that when the mosquito season comes around the mosquito
nuisance is perhaps greater in Japan than any other country in
the world; at least the writer has never seen mosquitoes so abun- .
dant as in some of the Japanese inns. Furthermore, every
Japanese establishment of any pretensions has its little garden
with everything in miniature, and including among the rest two
or three little lakes fed by streams of running water, very greatly
adding to the picturesqueness of the surroundings, but affording

at the same time exceptional breeding places for different mosqui-

. 4
a

OF “WASHINGTON. 113
toes. Another feature in the economy of the Japanese house is
the numerous washbowls, crockery or stone, set up by the side
of the houses so that the guest can step out on the little porches
and wash his hands and face in the open. These stone or crock-
ery washbowls are of considerable size, holding several gallons
of water, and are kept replenished all the time, and mosquitoes
breed in them in considerable numbers.

The common mosquito of Japan is Culex pzpiens, and this
species was really the only one that occurred in any special
numbers and everywhere. Anopheles was found only once in
Japan, and then a species (A. s¢venszs Wied.) previously known
only from China. Japan is notably free from malaria in spite of
the fact that the Japanese live half their time in water in the rice
fields and the abominable condition of the city canals and water-
ways. This fact is very good confirmatory evidence of the neces-
sity of the Anopheles as a means of conveying this disease.

The mosquito season begins in Southern Japan early in May.
In April no mosquitoes were noticed. The worst period for
mosquitoes seems to be June, in my own experience, but the
mosquito pest continues, with very little decrease, throughout
the summer. The rainy season, with its daily rains and exces-
sive heat and humidity, may have the effect of somewhat restrict-
ing the multiplication of the mosquitoes, causing a slight abate-
ment of the nuisance in.the latter part of June and July.

The mosquito pest in Japan would be unendurable were it not
for the very effective mosquito net which is put up in the little
Japanese bed room at night. This net (‘‘ kaya,” from Ka,
mosquito) consists of a great square tent of strong green netting,
the color being very restful to the eyes. When one is ready to
retire for the night, the mattress bed having already been made
up on the floor, the mosquito tent is produced and dropped as a
big bundle on the middle of the floor. Strong cords run from
each of the four corners of the tent and connect with hooks in
the corners of the room. One corner after another is pulled out
and hooked up high on the walls, so that when all the corners
are adjusted the tent is raised from the floor, except a lapping of
three or four feet of cloth, and you have a tented room within
the room proper nearly as large as the room itself. By this
method of lifting the kaya from the floor every mosquito is ex-
cluded, and throughout the six months’ experience in Japan
wherever the kaya was used not a mosquito bite was inflicted
during the night. The kaya has the advantage also of being very
large and roomy, and does not give the shut-in sensation which
one gets from little mosquito nets, fitting closely, as they com-
monly do} to the bed. One can have a table and write or study
within these nets, and be perfectly safe from the myriad of mos-
quitoes which are swarming outside. getting within the

114 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

kaya one goes on all fours, and the little Japanese maid stands
close by with a fan which she waves vigorously while the hasty
scramble is made under the edge of the net.

The Japariese house is a mere framework of heavy timbers.
The outer wooden walls (amados) are removable in sections,
and within these are the paper walls (shoji) which may also be
removed, or slide together, leaving the rooms absolutely open to
the air and light. The result is that mosquitoes have free
access to Japanese houses nntil the retiring hour, when
the shoji are slid back, and the amados are replaced, closing the
house up very tightly unless vigorous protest is made in the
interests of air and to prevent partial asphyxiation. Very for-
tunately while the rooms are lighted the mosquito is not often
troublesome in Japan (and I refer now more particularly to
Culex pipiens). This, however, is by no meansan absolute condi-
tion, and one will be bitten often enough even if 99 per cent. of
the mosquitoes are inactive in the presence of light. This is in
marked contrast to the behavior of the mosquitoes of Singapore
and Java, which bite quite as readily at night in partially lighted
rooms as in the dark.

The general notes which follow are arranged by localities.

Okayama, Fapan, May 4th.—The inn at this place where
two nights were spent faced a swamp in which grew the sedge
or reed, used as a covering for Japanese house mats. The hotel.
was infested with a very large mosquito, evidently an Anophe-
les, with distinctly spotted wings, and so vicious was this insect
that it was impossible to avoid being bitten many times during
our late dinner and before refuge was taken beneath the ‘‘ kaya.”
It was also exceptionally active, and the greatest difficulty was
experienced in capturing a few specimens. This mosquito, deter-
mined by Mr. Coquillett as Anopheles sinensis Wied., was the
only Anopheles found in Japan. It was originally described
from China, and has not heretofore been reported outside of that
country and is new to the National collection. Culex pipiens
also occurred here in moderate numbers.

Takamatsu, Japan, June 3.—At no place in Japan were
mosquitoes seen in greater numbers than here. They occurred
simply by myriads, the walls of the rooms being black-
ened by the numbers resting there. They bred in the num-
-erous canals intersecting the city. They were the species Culex
pipiens Linné, and were rather sluggish in light, and collecting
bottles could be put over them without their making any attempt
at flight.

Kotohira, Japan, June 4.—In this small interior town but
few mosquitoes were found, apparently of the same species that
occurred at Takamatsu. These two localities are both on the
island of Shikoku, an island out of the line of ordinary travel.

OF WASHINGTON. 115

Gifu, Japan.—The first stop at Gifu was early in May, and
mosquitoes had not put in an appearance. On the return to this
town, June 17th to 20th, the mosquitoes were present in enor-
mous numbers, the common species evidently being the Czlex
pipiens, although the specimens collected, which were a good
many, were lost in the mails. In Japanese rooms there are
numerous little closets with sliding doors in which the bedding
and other paraphernalia are kept out of sight, and on opening
these little cupboards one would find them in the daytime simply
crowded with mosquitoes, and in all the smaller closets and dark
rooms the mosquitoes collected in enormous numbers. In the
daytime these mosquitoes were not at all in evidence, except
when disturbed in their retreats, and mosquito attacks inthe day-
time were practically unknown.

Nagoya, Japan.—Nagoya, one of the largest cities of Japan,
is on low ground and much cut up by canals, and mosquitoes
were in evidence in astonishing swarms. The inn at which we
put up was a semi-European one, and: the beds had the small
European mosquito nets, the lower edges of which were care-
fully tucked under the mattress. In my own case, however, the
sealing was not perfect, and some thirty mosquitoes filled up
with my blood at regular intervals during the night. ‘These I
collected in the morning, and were all identified by Mr. Coquil-
lett as Culex pipiens. They presented, however, in the effect of
their bites, a marked contrast to all the experiences with this
species before: The bite of this mosquito never produces any

- Shfect on me, and the point of puncture is not noticeable after the
littllosquito flies away ; but in the case of the bites at Nagoya their
mOunctures made a bright red point which remained in evidence
infor several weeks, turning ultimately -brown. The feature of

f7 special interest at this place occurred early in the night when the
writer was in a very sound sleep from the fatigue of a very long
and hard day’s work. In the course of the night my elbow was
pushed against the mosquito net, and some time after I was
awakened by a burning pain in that quarter of my anatomy.
When I became fully awake I realized the cause of the trouble,
and crouched more narrowly in the center of my meagre bed.
An angry roar of mosquitoes massed at the particular spot where
my elbow had been indicated an enormous swarm concentrated
there, and did not abate for about an hour. In the morning there
. was a spot on my elbow the size of a silver dollar, bright red
and filled with hundreds of punctures. Evidently as many as
could do so had been biting at once, and numerous relays had had
their turn. The spot changed from red to brown, and remained
in evidence about three weeks. All of the specimens collected

at this place proved to be Culex pipiens.
Yamada, Japan, June 22d to 24th.—The mosquito of this

116 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

district was also. Culex pipiens. It occurred in very much less
numbers than at Nagoya, but abundant enough to be a distinct
nuisance. Its bite here had even a more inflammatory effect than
at Nagoya, producing very large red dlotches, which persisted
for days. At Nagoya the bite produced merely a small red spot
or point. With the exception of these two localities no inflam-
matory effect from the puncture of this mosquito was especially
noted.

Yokohama and Tokio, Japan, June 26th to July 15th.—Mos-
quitoes in this region, the low country surrounding the bay of
Owari, were not very abundant; in other words, while they oc-
curred scatteringly in the rooms every night, they did not appear
in the great swarms which had been seen farther south. The
only species secured was the Culex pipiens, which in Yokohama
was comparatively rare, but rather more abundant in Tokio,
doubtless on account of the greater numbers of canals in the latter
place.

Sapporo, Japan, August 18th to 22d.—This was the most
northern point reached in the Japanese Empire, having the lati-
tude of Nova Scotia. The mosquitoes collected were Culex
pipiens, and a species. of Culex undetermined They were fairly
abundant. The same species occurred at Aomori, and at all the
other stops made in North Japan.

Sendat, Japan, August 28th and 29th.—This town is half-
way between Tokio and Aomori. Culex pipiens was the com-
mon and abundant species. Another species of Culex ( Culex
concolor Desv.) also occurred here, but more rarely.

The elevated mountain regions of Central Japan in the neigs
borhood of Nikko in which the latter part of July and the first
August were spent were not characterized by mosquitoes ; at lea:
no mosquitoes were noted in the various inns stopped at. This
elevated mountain region is very moist, rains occurring daily, and
the streams characterized naturally by very rapid currents. It
should be further noted that in the southern island of Kiushu,
which was explored during the month of May, no special nui-
sance of mosquitoes was experienced and no collections were
made. The district in which the mosquitoes were most abundant
in Japan was the southern coast of the main island in the Ise
province, and on the island of Shikoku lying immediately to the
south of the main island. They were much in evidence but less
abundant along the eastern.coast of the main island of Japan
northward to and including the island of Hokkaido.

THE MosquiTorEs OF CHINA.

In the experience of the writer China cannot be called very
much of a mosquito-ridden country. This experience can hardly
be charged altogether to the season of the year of the visit, which

OF WASHINGTON. 117

covered the time between September 26th and November 14th ;
or, in other words, the early fall, which is usually a very prolific
mosquito period. Furthermore, maiaria is much more feared in
China than in Japan, which would indicate a greater prevalence
of the species of the genus Anopheles. The exploration of China
extended from the region north of Pekin southward to Hong
Kong. At no place visited were mosquitoes at all abundant, and
only a few individuals were captured. The conditions in China
are very similar to those in Japan, namely, a great deal of the
country from the center southward is devoted to the culture of
rice, and there are always more or less of canals leading through
and around the cities. The cities proper, however, are not
broken up by canals as completely as they are in Japan. The
highways ef China are canals instead of roads, and the products
of the country are taken along these canals in the peculiar Chinese
junks or scows, and travel in the interior is necessarily, for the
most part, in boats on these canals. In that way the writer made
a trip into the region west of Shanghai in a house-boat, going
through many miles of these country canals, and part of the way
through the grand canal which connects Pekin in the far north with
the ocean at the southern part of Hang-chow. The conditions,
therefore, were favorable enough for an abundance of mosquitoes,
and their absence was rather remarkable, under the circumstan-
ces. The mosquitoes collected in and about Shanghai in Central
China and at Tientsin, and Pekin in north China, were Culex
pipiens Linné. On the house-boat trip into the interior west of
Shanghai where one was living all the time on the water of the
little canals, for the most part with’scarcely any current, the
mosquitoes were only noticeably bad at one place, namely, Hain-
ing, and we were much bitten during the nights spent there. In
fact, no mosquitoes were observed elsewhere on this trip. The
house-boat was open, and most of the mosquitoes at Haining es-
caped at daylight, and only a few were captured. These repre-
sented two species, Anopheles sinensis vanus Walker,.a species
originally described from Celebes and reported by Theobald from
the Malay Peninsula and India, and represented further in the
National collection by specimens from the Philippines. This
Anopheles is the one that-was the greatest pest at this point.
The other species was Mr. Coquillett’s Culex subalbatus, which
was originally described from Japan, and has not hitherto been
reported outside of that country. —

A stop of several days was made at Singapore, British Straits
Settlements, Malay Peninsula, and we were very much annoyed
all the time, day and night, by the persistent attacks of mosqui-
toes. The most troublesome of the mosquitoes was the very
prettily marked little Stegomyia (Stegomyéa fasciata Fab.),
originally described from the West Indies, but occurring over

118 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

the warmer parts of the world, and now notorious as the agent
for conveying the yellow fever parasite. This little black mos-
quito is active in the daytime, making its attack and escape very
quickly ; in fact, it was some time before a specimen could be
detected in the act, the least movement causing the insect to dart
away. It manifested a very notable tendency to fly up under the
edge of the trousers, biting through the stockings, or on the
wrists under the sleeves, and very rarely alighted on the bare
hands or face. A sudden and intense itching was the first indica-
tion of the presence of the pest, and this itching continued, caus-
ing great annoyance, for about two hours, and then slowly dis-
appeared. This little species resembles very much an Anopheles,
having spotted wings and resting in the same oblique position on
walls. It was the great mosquito: pest of this region, and was
found later in considerable numbers in Java and in Ceylon. A
greater variety of mosquitoes were found at Singapore than at
any point previously visited, as indicated by the accompanying
list :

Anopheles rossit Giles.

Culex pipiens Linné.

Culex vishnui Theobald.

Stegomyta fasceata Fabr.

Stegomyia scutellarzs Walker.

Of the second species of Stegomyia (.S. scutellarés), but one
specimen was secured. ‘This species was originally described
from the Aru Island, and Theobald reports it as occurring from
Japan to the Fiji Islands, and westward to Mauritius.

THE MosqQuiTors oF JAVA.

The mosquito problem in Java is a rather serious one. The
island is devoted, like Japan, to the culture of rice; and, further-
more, there is a great deal of low, swampy country near the
coast where malaria has always been a grievous scourge, so
much so that it has been necessary to establish large convalescent
stations in the mountains to which the soldiers are regularly
transferred after a period of service in the low country. Through
the chance meeting in Japan, with some longtime Dutch residents
of Java, some idea of the conditions in this island was obtained,
and letters of introduction were secured to the army medical
service, which, in the last few years, has been very much inter-
ested in the mosquito problem in its relation to malaria. Doc-
.tor Koch, of Berlin, spent some time on the island, about
two years before my visit, studying and collecting mosquitoes,
and had aroused very wide interest in the subject. Shortly after
my arrival at Batavia, I called with the American Consul, Mr.
Rairden, on the chief medical officer of the army, Doctor Fruitog,

%

OF WASHINGTON. 119

who introduced me to his assistants charged with the laboratory
experiments on mosquitoes. The work being done is of a very
thorough and practical sort, mainly directed, so far, to the study
and identification of mosquitoes of Java, and getting information
on their breeding habits and distribution. I was informed that-
a species of the genus Anopheles occurred pretty generally
throughout the island, and my subsequent experience confirmed
this statement. ‘

Some three localities in Java are especially noted as being
very much subject to malaria. These are the lower city of
Batavia, and especially the landing-wharf, Priok; Tjilatjap, a
low, marshy coast region on the south side of the island, which
has the worst record of all for malaria, and an interior district,
Ambabuwa, situated somewhat inland from Samareng. Else-
where in Java the Anopheles does not seem to be especially
associated with malaria. The Anopheles of Java is A. rosszz,
and was collected by me in nearly all of the main points at which
any stop was made. Curiously enough, this species was found
both at Soekaboemi and at Sindanglaja, the two mountain resorts
with convalescent stations where soldiers and the Dutch residents
suffering from malaria are sent to recover. In both of these
regions, therefore, malarial patients must often be bitten by mos-
quitoes and by this Anopheles, and yet new cases of malaria are
practically unknown in these places: I was assured of this state
of affairs, which is somewhat astonishing, by Doctor Fruitog and
some of the other surgeons in the army service, whom I have to
thank for courtesies in giving information and for the collection
of some specimens from Batavia and Priok.

At Batavia malaria is more or less common, and the Anopheles
also, although the mosquitoes most in evidence there were
pipiens and other species of Culex. At Buitenzorg and Garoet
the Anopheles occurred in considerable abundance. Both places
have a fairly high elevation, and malaria is very little feared, the
only cases appearing being those introduced from other districts.
All the places stopped at in the interior of Java were fairly ele-
vated ones, with the exception of Batavia and Maos, which latter
is on the edge of the notorious Tjilatjap district. At Maos a
great many mosquitoes were collected, but some of the lots were
lost, and the only ones shown in the list determined by Mr. Co-
quillett are Culex pipiens, Culex ctshnut,and Culex tenax
Theobald, the latter being the abundant species. My own recol-
lection is very distinct of two species of Anopheles, one of which
was a very minute species, the smallest I have ever seen, and of
a light ash-gray color. I regret the loss of these specimens.
The list of mosquitoes collected in Java follows. Weltevreden,
it may be said in explanation, is the upper city of Batavia, and
considered to be much more free from malaria than the old
town:

120 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

BATAVIA:

Anopheles rossti Giles. This species was originally described
from India, and is reported by Theobald from the Malay Penin-
sula. The National Museum collection contains specimens from
Ceylon and the Philippines. It is the common Anopheles from
India eastward through the Malay Peninsula and the East Indies.

Culex pipiens Linné.

Culex gelidus Theobald, described from the Malay Peninsula.

Culex concolor Desv. The type locality of this species is un-
known. Theobald reports it from the Malay Peninsula, Burmah,
China, and India, andthe National Museum contains collections
from Ceylon, and one specimen of it was obtained by the writer
at Sendai, in North Japan.

Stegomyta fasctata Fabr.

WELTEVREDEN :

Anopheles rossti Giles.

Culex pipiens Linné.

Culex tenax Theobald. This species occurs throughout Java
and is one of the most abundant species, second only, perhaps, to
pipiens as a house pest, occurring both in the low coast country,
in the mountains, and on the elevated plain of East Java. It was
originally described from the Malay Peninsula, and has not
hitherto been. reported elsewhere.

Culex vishnut Theobald. This species had been previously
collected at Singapore, and was taken from three widely sepa-
rated localities in Java. It was described from India and Ceylon,
and the National Museum contains specimens from. the latter
locality.

BUITENZORG:
Anopheles rosstt Giles.
Culex pipiens Linné.

SINDANGLAIYA:
Culex pipiens Linné.
Anopheles rosstt Giles.

GAROET :

Anopheles rossit Giles.

Culex pipiens Linné.

Culex tenax Theobald.

Culex vishnui Theobald.

Teniorhynchus ager Giles. Found also at Solo, east Java ;
was described from India and not hitherto reported outside of that
country. |

Stegomyta fasctata Fabr.

OF WASHINGTON. 121

Maos:
Culex pipiens Linné.
Culex vishnut Theobald.
Culex tenax Theobald.

SOLO:
Anopheles rossti Giles.
LTaniorhynchus ager Giles.
Culex tenax Theobald.

BANDOING:
Culex pipiens Linné.

SOEKABOEML:
Anopheles rossté Giles.
Culex pipiens Linné.
Stegomyta fasctiata Fabr.

Taken as a whole, the mosquitoes were not a very great nuis-
ance in Java during the time the writer spent there, namely, the
month of December. The rainy season was just beginning, and
the conditions were favorable for the mosquitoes, and they were
everywhere in evidence and annoying, but not occurring in the
enormous swarms witnessed in Japan, except, perhaps, at Maos.

THE MOSQUITOES OF CEYLON.

En route home a six weeks’ stop was made in the island of
Ceylon. Most of this time was spent in the higher mountain
regions in the central portion of the island, notably at Kandy and
Newara Eliya. At Colombo on the coast no mosquitoes were
collected, and they were not in evidence in the hotel. The
species collected in Kandy by me were Culex pzpiens and prob-
ably the two species of Stegomyia. S. scutellarés was certainly
abundant, and possibly some of the specimens represented
S. pseudotentatus Giles. The Stegomyia is the great outdoor
pest in the mountain country, biting in the daytime and proving
to be a very great nuisance while collecting in the woods. In
Newara Eliya occurred the Stegomyia, and also in the hotels
Culex vagans Wied. and Culex mimeticus Noe. C. vagans
was originally described from China, and has not hitherto been
reported from any other region. It was comparatively abundant.
C. mimeticus was originally described from Italy, and is re-
ported by Theobald from Palestine, India, and the Malay
Peninsula. But one specimen was taken.

The mosquitoes of Ceylon have been carefully studied by that
eminent entomologist, Mr. E. E. Green, who reports the occur-
rence on the island of twenty-one species, including several
Anopheles. A list of the mosquitoes of Ceylon is appended.

122 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

Those starred were presented to me by Mr. Green for our
National Museum collection. It will be noted that Culex vagans
and C. pzpzens are not included in Green’s list.

Aedeomytia squamtpennis Atrib.

* Anopheles barbirostris Wulp.

- 3 fuliginosus Giles.

vd d: maculata Theobald.

. J rosstt Giles.

* Armigeres obturbans Walker.
ie ventralts Wl\k.

* Culex concolor Desv.
§¢ . fatigans Wied.
‘6 gelidus var. cuncatus Theobald.
‘© impellens Walk.
‘¢ — mimeticus Noe.
“6 singalest Nn. sp.
* ¢+ — vishnut Theobald.
Mucidus scataphagotdes Theobald.
Panoplites africanus Theobald.

bs untformis Theobald.
Cae Sie! 6 pseudoteniatus Giles.
as scutellarzs Walker.

* Taentorhynchus ager Giles.

Toxorhynchites tmmisericors Walker.

The subject of the mosquitoes of Ceylon in their relation to
malaria is covered in a publication by Mr. Green, issued by the
Royal Botanic Gardens, Ceylon, Series 1, No. 25, December,
1g01. One item only may be noted from this communication,
namely, that Mr. Green estimates at least 25,000 deaths to have
been due to malaria in the year 1899. From this some idea may
_ be formed of the number of cases of malaria, comparatively few
of the cases resulting fatally. In one instance out of 600 coolies
employed in railway construction half of them contracted
malarial fever within a month and were compelled to give up
work. ‘The Anopheles that seems to be responsible for malaria
in Ceylon is A. rosszz, the species which was the subject of the
early studies in India leading to the discovery of the true cycle of
the malarial parasite.

The mosquitoes collected in Egypt and France in February and
March on the homeward trip all proved to be Culex pipiens
Linné. They were not specially abundant in Luxor, Cairo or
Port Said where they were collected, nor in Mentone, France,
where additional specimens were secured.

Reviewing the above, it will be noted, as indicated at the out-
set, that Culex pipiens Linné is the common house species in
nearly every part of the world visited. It was collected from
below the equator, northward to a latitude of Newfoundland,

OF WASHINGTON. 123

and seems to be equally at home and abundant in all climes. It
is undoubtedly ¢2e domestic mosquito pest of the world.

The paper was illustrated by plain and colored photographs
taken principally in Japan and China, showing the character of
the country visited and various objects and places of interest.

JUNE 5, 1902.

The 170th regular meeting of the Entomological Society of
Washington was held at the residence of Mr. C. L. Marlatt, 1440
Massachusetts avenue N.W. The chair was occupied by the
President, Dr. Dyar, and there were also present Messrs. Ko-
tinsky, Quaintance, Marlatt, Ashmead, Motter, Patten, Gill, Cur-
rie, Benton, Heidemann, and Waite.

Mr. Quaintance reported that he had observed the Periodical
Cicada (Cicada septendecim) feeding quite generally upon ap-
ple, maple, ash, and Carolina poplar. He exhibited microscopic
slides showing the seta from the proboscis of the cicada imbedded
in the bark. He had seen these insects feeding that same morn-
' ing, and had noticed that the plant juices exuded when the beak
was withdrawn. Dr. Gill doubted whether the operation ob-
served by Mr. Quaintance could be strictly termed feedzng,, as
the intestinal canal of adult cicadas was known to be aborted.
Mr. Marlatt said that cicadas had not hitherto been definitely
shown to feed in the ordinary sense of swallowing and assimilat-
ing food. He thought that the process could not be anything
more than a tasting of the plant juices, and believed with Dr.
Gill that the atrophied alimentary canal precluded the possibility |
of normal assimilation. He stated that a colorless liquid was
exuded from the anal canal.

Dr. Gill mentioned an early published reference to the Peri-
odical Cicada by one Peter Collinson, a correspondent of Lin-
nzus, who gave the interval between their appearances as fourteen
or fifteen years instead of seventeen. The figure published with
this reference resembles ¢zézcez more than sepfendecim.

—Mr. Marlatt read the following papers on the Periodical
Cicada :

124 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

NOTES ON THE PERIODICAL CICADA IN THE DISTRICT OF
COLUMBIA IN 1902.

By C. L. MaRLarTT.

The holes of the periodical cicada began to be brought to the
surface in numbers by the first of April, and the area under trees
in the grounds of the Department of Agriculture, and of the
Smithsonian Institution, was quite thickly studded with holes
during the first week in April. The adults, however, did not
begin to emerge until the second week of May,a few stragglers
appearing at first, but from the roth onward emergence became
rather general. Within the city very few of the cicadas which
came out survived more than a few hours, being quickly snap-
ped up and destroyed by the English Sparrow. The numbers
within the city were greatly diminished by the English Sparrow |
at the appearance 17 years ago, the destruction by this bird at
that time having been noted by Prof. Riley and others to be very
considerable. ‘The sparrows’ work this year, however, was
much more effective, the cicadas being fewer in numbers; and I
doubt whether a single individual, certainly very few, ever
reached the egg laying period. For two or three days in the
midst of the trees on the Museum grounds a few song notes were
heard, but ceased very soon. In the woods in the country about the
city, especially out toward Chevy Chase,the cicada appeared in
very considerable numbers, and here did not suffer very much from
the attacks of birds, and for the most part went through the normal
aerial existence successfully. The emergence was a prolonged one,
and instead of being fairly complete in a few nights, as has some-
times been described, new cicadas were coming out in consider-
able numbers three or even four weeks after the first appearance.
This was especially noticeable on the grounds of the Chevy
Chase Club, where the insect appeared in perhaps greater num-
bers than at any other point observed.

Another thing noted by many observers in the District, and
also frequently by the writer, was that very many of the cicadas
failed to free themselves from their pupal shells, and either died
in the shells or went about for a day or two with the shell. cling-
ing to the abdomen, preventing the wings from expanding. The
reason of the extraordinary number of failures to transform suc-
cessfully does not readily suggest itself. It is possible that the
very cold and late spring may have had something to do with it.

Egg-laying began about June first, and continued with con-
siderable activity until the middle of June, and by scattering
individuals even later. The egg-laying in the woods about Wash-
ington, especially on the higher grounds, was of sufficient amount

. OF WASHINGTON, 125

to kill the terminal branches of the trees, in some cases almost
all the branches dying, and many branches were broken off by
the winds. They seemed to have a preference for small trees,
and on young oaks and hickories the outer limbs were almost all
killed back. This preference for small trees is probably due to
their flying low, or perhaps liking to get out into the sun, but it
possibly may have as a basis an instinct which leads them to select
a tree just starting in life as one which gives greater assurance of
supplying the offspring with permanent subsistence. Trees
bordering densely-wooded tracts were more oviposited in than in |
the interior of the woods.

During the first week or ten days of the emergence of the
cicada, a very large percentage of the small variety cass¢zzzZ were
observed. ‘These, however, according to my observations in the
District, did not remain long in evidence, but soon disappeared.
They occurred in about equal proportion of both sexes, and
mated.

The different song notes of the cicada were more noticeable
with this brood than has been my experience before in two other
occurrences which I have witnessed. In other words, the three
notes described by writers on the subject were all of them repre-
sented, and the two notes which are usually less common were
perhaps in greater evidence than the common note made by this
insect. In the case of another large brood witnessed by me, only
the one note could be distinguished, viz, the song represented by the
letters ts-e-e-e-e-e-e-e-e-e-e-ow, with the sound dyingaway. This
year the broken and chipping notes were very shrill and loud, and
very much in evidence, the chipping note being the characteristic
one of the small variety.

Nowhere outdoors in the District were any evidences of the
making of cicada cones reported. Mr. Wm. Tindall, living on
Washington Heights, at the northwest section of the city, dis-
covered some of these curious structures in his woodshed, and
an investigation of the premises developed the fact that. this
woodshed was studded with cicada cones of perfect construc-
tion, varying from an inch to six inches in height. Evidently a
tree had stood about where the woodshed was built, and the
cicadas had undergone their development successfully in the
ground beneath. All of those coming to the surface outside of
the shed escaped through simple holes without any structures
above ground; but every individual which came up within. the
shed built a turret or cone. The ground floor of the shed was
somewhat moist, rain running under, but it was rather dryer
than the ground outside, so that the cones could not have been
built on account of the moisture. The only explanation which
seems to offer for these cones is that the pupz coming up in the
rather dark, poorly-lighted shed attempted to carry their holes

126 | ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

farther up to get into broad daylight. This is a mere conjecture,
and possibly wide of the mark. Certainly the occurrence of
cones in this particular spot does not answer the explanations
which have been offered heretofore to account for these curious
structures.

The cicadas disappeared, even in the woods outside the city,
practically by about the 25th of June. Eggs were very abundant
on the trees, and hatching did not begin to any extent before the
23d of July. <A big transplanting of eggs was made from the
surrounding forests of the District to the Department grounds,
to afford material for studies in the development of the larve.
The planting was made in the oak grove on the west side of the
Department grounds, where similar experiments had formerly
‘been in progress. :

AN EARLY RECORD OF THE PERIODICAL CICADA.
By C. L. Marvatr.

The earliest published account of the periodical Cicada which
has come under my own observation was brought to my atten-
tion by Prof. E. A. Andrews, of the Johns Hopkins University,
Baltimore, Md. It is contained in Volume I, No. 8. p. 137, cf
the Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London,
published January 8, 1666. The portion of the communication
relating to the Cicada is quoted below:

‘¢SomE OBSERVATIONS OF SWARMS OF STRANGE INSECTS AND
THE MISCHIEFS DONE By THEM.

‘A great Observer, who hath lived long in Mew Eugland,
did, upon occasion, relate to a Friend of his in Loxzdon, where
he lately was, That some few years since there was sucha Swar m
of a certain sort of Insects in that Haglish Colony, that for the
space of 200 Miles they poisoned and destroyed all the Trees of
the Country ; there being found innumerable little holes in the
ground, out of which those Insects broke forth in the form of
Maggots, which turned into Flies that had a kind of tail or
sting, which they stuck into the Tree, and thereby envenomed ©
and killed its"). ® 7%

The rest of the article referred to a plague of locusts (grass-
hoppers) in Russia. with which the Cicada is confused. The
brood referred to here is very likely No. XIV, which appeared
in 1651. No other brood coincides with this narrative and
No. XIV not very closely, but as the quotation states the relation

OF WASHINGTON. ¥27

was ‘* upon occasion,” and was ‘*‘ some few years since,’’ there
is ample warrant for assigning the account to the brood of 15
years before. 3

Prior to the discovery of the above record the earliest pub-
lished account known was that referred to in my Bulletin 14
(newseries), of the Division of Entomology, p. 112, given in a
workentitled ‘‘ New England’s Memoriall,” by Nathaniel More-
ton, printed at Cambridge, Mass., in 1669. The work cited I
was unable to get, but an account seen by me was a quotation
from it published in Barton’s Medical and Physical Journal of
1804. The brood referred to by Moreton is undoubtedly the
same one referred to above, but the occurrence of 17 years pre-
vious. Moreton, publishing of an event happening 36 -years
after it occurred, evidently made a mistake of one year, the occur-
rence not being 1633, as stated by him, but 1634. We have
records of this brood in New England from 1787 to 1886, and
another occurrence may be anticipated in 1903. The records, if
any were made of it after 1651 and prior to 1787, have not been
discovered.

The Periodical Cicada was discussed further by Messrs. Quaint-
ance, Gill, Marlatt, Waite, and Kotinsky. Mr. Waite stated
that crows appeared not to damage the crops this year but
seemed to feed principally on the cicadas. Mr. Marlatt exhibited
photographs, taken zz sztu, of the cones in the woodshed above
referred to and of imagoes on trees, and pupal shells adhering to
the leaves, taken by Mr. Kotinsky and himself.

—Dr. Dyar showed a specimen of Acalla ( Teras) nigroline-
ana Robs. from the Asa Fitch collection, probably taken in New
York fifty years ago and labelled by Fitch ‘+ Sarrothripa?
noveboracina.’ Another specimen of this species has recently
been sent to the National Museum for name by Mr. H. D. Mer-
rick; it was taken in New Brighton, Pa. .

—Dr. Dyar also showed specimens of moths from the Bumelia
lanugtnosa of Texas. Mr. Schwarz has discovered an interest-
ing fauna ‘on this tree during his trips to that region, and he
brought home from Victoria, Texas, three kinds of larve, two
of which have been bred and prove to be Lztodonta hydromeli
Harvey and Luerythra phasma Harv. The third was a little
squarish, slug-shaped larva with soft skin and black lines that
must be that of Wzeza psammitis Zeller, as these moths were
captured in the same locality. The only specimen that reached

128° ENTOMOLUGIVAL SOCIETY

Washington was unfit to describe in detail. The Notodont larva,
Mr. Schwarz says, was attenuated behind, green, marked with
darker green. The anal feet were not raised. The head was
rounded triangular, higher than wide, narrowed above, scarcely
-bilobed. The Arctian larva had a pale brown head and was
covered with dense tufts of stiff, brownish hairs. Mr. Caudell
is now in this region and may possibly secure more perfect ma-
terial of some or all of the species.*

—Dr. Dyar further showed specimens of the moth of Catastega
timidella Clem., an inflated larva, pupa shells, larval work and
a parasitic fly, Aulascona comstockit Towns., bred from this
moth. The genus Catastega was founded by Clemens on three
larve with peculiar habits, the moths of which were unknown
to him and to all subsequent students. Stainton suggested in
his edition of Clemens’ papers, that the genus might belong to
the Phycitide, a very plausible suggestion, as many Phycitids
have habits very similar to those described for Catastega. The
only objection to this suggestion is that it does not agree with
the facts. Mr. Busck has bred, on a different plant, a new
species of Gelechia with Catastega-like habits. He had, there-
fore, concluded to refer Catastega as a synonym of Gelechia.
But the same objection applies as to Stainton’s suggestion. The
moths are Tortricids. Catasteg timidella larve occurred
commonly on oak at Bellport, N. Y. The larve were matured
in September or later and the moths emerged at Washington
the following May. Unfortunately the two specimens obtained,
both. females. were considerably injured in a badly constructed
cage, and Dr Dyar does not feel certain as to what known
species they should be referred as imagoes. He suggested in
regard to the other species of Catastega that C. hamameliella
Clem. might be Semasta argutana Clem. and C. aceréella
Clem., Proteopteryx spoliana Clem..

—Dr. Dyar showed specimens of two butterflies from the
Olympic Mountains, Washington State, an Erebia and a Bren-
this, sent to the National Museum by Mr. C. V. Piper. The
Erebia is 4. vidler? Elwes, hitherto only recorded from the
Fraser river, British Columbia. The Brenthis may be identified

*Mr. Caudell has since returned, and has bred Méeza psammitts, veri-
fying my identification.—H. G. D.

OF WASHINGTON. | 129

as 2. chariclea Schneid. var. arctica Zett. It does not agree
exactly with artica, being more variegated and brighter colored
beneath, but it agrees still less with 2c/exa, under which name it
was sent, as the band on hind wings below is too dentated and
variegated with white for that form. But as the synonymy of
chariclea is already considerably involved it is better not to add
a new name to it. True chariclea seems not to occur in North
America, but we have several forms which should be referred as
varieties of it, as follows :—
Brenthis chariclea Schneid.
kolensis Reuter.
a. boisduvalii Dup.
b. arctica Zett.
obscurata McLach., butlerié Edw., targuintus Curt.
c. helena Edw.
d. montinus Scudd.
—In connection with this subject, Dr. Dyar presented the fol-
lowing synoptic tables :

SYNOPSIS OF THE NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF
EREBIA,

By Harrison G. Dyar.

Wings without ocellated dots or transverse fulvous bands above.
Entirely black on both sides.. ’..... .....magdalena Streck.
More or less red shading over disk of fore wings above.

A defined gray submarginal band on secondaries below.
fasciata Butl.
Secondaries below mottled and clouded with gray.
discotdalis Kirby.
Wings with transverse fulvous bands above, usually marked
with ocellated spots.
Hind wings below, dark and pale grayish.
Fore wing with short fulvous band containing two ocelli
between veins 4 to 6.
Hind wings below with gray submarginal band.
rossti Curt.
Hind wings below all pale gray suffused. .tyzdarus Esp.
Fore wings with longer fulvous band containing ocelli below
vein 4.
No ocellus in the interspace 3-4 or, if present, conspicu-
ously smaller than those in the interspaces 4 to 6.
Hind wing below blackish with gray sub-
marginal band.coccccsk veces vidlert Elwes.
Hind wing below with submarginal fulvous-
Gdged ocellt cso een oes .....-eptpsodea Butl.

130 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

Ocellus in the interspace 3-4 subequal with those in 4-6.
A whitish patch in end of cell on secondaries

below in. interspace a-5... 4. sv ane disa Thunb. *
WV AtHOUE Tig pate bes cet. 8 ae youngt Holl.
Hind wings below with quadrate intravenular pale
PUR SDUNR ES Fear rao rn sofia Streck.
SYNOPSIS OF THE NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF
BRENTHIS.

By Harrison G. Dyar.
Outer half of hind wings below variegated or mottled similar to
the basal part of wing.
Spots on hind wings below well separated by ie veins.
Shading on hind: wing below brown; a distinct black dot
UDB So eas ne eee ec os ke etn myrina Cram.
Shading below ferruginous ; dot in cell indistinct.
Submarginal dots solid; size larger. .astarte Doubl.
Submarginal dots annular; size
GINRUOR Se aa sn 4 aphiraphe Hiibn.
var. ¢riclarzs Hubn.
Spots below diffused, forming a more or less distinct median
band, scarcely divided by the veins.
This band showing more or less white and yellow.
Whitish spot in end of cell continued by a streak be-
yond cell.
Whitish scalloped line beyond median band faint,
narrow.
Lighter submarginal space between veins 3-5
contracted or obscure. ,
Purplish brown below....chariclea Schneid. .
var. dotsduvaliz Dup.
Ferruginous brown below, var. moztinus Scud.
Lighter space broader, conspicuous.
Band below more dentate, partly white,
var. arctica Zett.
Band below less dentate, mostly yellow,
var. helena Edw.
Whitish line distinct, broad.
This line within the submarginal dots, nearly

CONTINAGUG LU ADida ene ae oe css freija Thunb.
This line touching or partly surrounding the sub-
marginal dots, maculate...... polaris Boisd.

Whitish spot in end of cell confined to cell,
pales Schiff.
This band abanuted: pale, the whole wing with the
marks obscured and SIR ie cas alberta Edw.

*It is difficult to see wherein youngi Holl. differs specifically from dzsa
Thunb.

OF WASHINGTON, j $53

Outer half of hind wing below smoothly purplish, clouded,
faintly marked, contrasted with the basal part of wing.
Hind wing above heavily black shaded at base. |
Size larger. ‘
Band below little obscured by dark scales,
frigga Thunb.
Band Lelow much obscured by dark scales,
var. saga Kaden.
Size smaller, more obscured.........var. @mproba Butl.
Hind wing not so shaded.
Hind wing with the costal whitish spot below
more or less joined to basalone; fore wings. :
olen angled: ii ecsen 6 isis i ee ees bellona Fabr.
Costal spgt below separate; fore wing not angled.
Hind Wipe below outwardly purplish. .epzthore Boisd.
Hind wing below outwardly pale ochraceous,
young? Holl.

—Dr. Dyar then read the following paper :

THE LIFE HISTORY OF A SECOND EPIPLEMID.
(Callizzia amorata Pack.)
By Harrison G. Dyar.

I have previously described. in part before this society (Can.
Ent., xxx, 155, 1898; Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., iv, 414, 1901), the
life history of one species of Epiplemide Cul/idapteryx dryop-

terata’ Grote; I am now able to refer -to a second species,
- Callizzia.amorata Pack., and show that it agrees in all those
peculiar characters with the first known species. My acquain-
tance with C. amorata larva began in 1894 when I found a num-
ber of them on a wild honeysuckle bush at Keene Valley in the
Adirondack mountains of New York. Only the smallest larve
are usually found on the leaves, the older ones become brown in
color, and hide, probably at the base of the plant. So I saw only
the small ones and thought the minute colorless larve were some
species of ‘ Micro.” and they did not interest me enough to
seriously attempt to raise them. I did not see the species again
till 1900, when I met with the larve on the summit of Stony
Man Mountain in the Blue Ridge mountains of Virginia. This
time I quickly suspected their identity, but was unable to bring
them to maturity. The next season Miss Wellesca Pollock
kindly undertook to get some more from the mountain and she
successfully carried them to the pupa stage. The moths
emerged this Spring.

/

152 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

Egeg.—Flat at the base, subcylindrical, rounded above, the base broad-
ened; soft, somewhat irregular in shape, the basal outline not always
circular; about twenty vertical ribs, increasing confluently by many more
at the flared base, confused with coarse reticulations at the vertex, which
is sometimes ring-like; distinct, fine, parallel cross-strie, forming fainter
reticulations at the vertex. Translucent white; diameter .5, height
.4mm. .

Laid scattering on the backs of the leaves, solitary, but many on one
plant and perhaps none on the adjoining one. Larve in various stages
at the same time.

Stage 7/*.—Head rounded, whitish, eye black, mouth brown; width
.3mm. Body cylindrical, the feet normal; all translucent whitish, food
showing green. No perceptible tubercles; sete fine white, moderate.

Stage IJJ.—The same; head .4mm. Body thick and robust with dis-
tinct incisures, joint 12 slightly enlarged. Tubercles a little elevated,
colorless, transparent ; setz white, distinct.

Stage /V.—Head rounded, flattened before, bilobed, whitish, ocelli
black, mouth dark brown; width .6 mm. Body thick, joint 12 a little
enlarged, joint 13 small, subtruncate; feet all equal. Translucent white,
the elevated tubercles concolorous; no marks. Setz white, distinct.
Food green, but the blood is colorless. The larvze reach 6 mm. in length
and are robust and thick. Dorsal vessel greenish. A few of the tubercles
become finely black marked. Legs slender.

Stage V.—Head erect, slightly bilobed, flattish before; translucent
white, vertex black powdered; ocelli black, labrum blackish, quadrate ;
width .85 mm. Body thick and robust, joint 12 slightly enlarged, feet
normal, slender. Translucent white, greenish tinted, food green; edge
of cervical shield and prespiracular tubercle on joint 2, tubercles
ia+ib and iia+iib on joints 3 and 4, i to iii on joints 5 to 12 all marked
with deep black, the spots on tubercle iii being the largest. Sete dis-
tinct, faintly brownish; tracheal line white with a white shading about it.
On the thorax tubercles ia and ib are united, iia+iib,.iv-+v, iii separate,
vi 2-haired. On abdomen i dorsad to ii except on joint 12 where they
form a square, iii large, situated above the brownish spiracle which is
much the largest on joint 12; iv and v in line, united on joints 5 to 9
though becoming less approximate posteriorly, separate on joints 10 to 12,
on the latter by a considerable space; vi single; vii on the transparent

*Stage I was observed in the Keene Valley larve, but I neglected to
record a measurement of the width of the head. It was not possible to
examine fully the youngest of the Stony Man larve. so that I cannot
positively correlate my results, but assume six stages from analogy with
C. dryopterata. In Stage I the larva is entirely colorless, the food
showing green. Tubercles large but without basal plates, primary ones
only present, iv and v in line or v a little dorsad, vi absent, vii a single
hair on the leg-plate. Sete rather long, simple.

OF WASHINGTON... 133

leg-plate, consisting of scattered hairs, not a defined tubercle. Crochets
of abdominal feet few. on the inner two-thirds of the planta only.
Shields not cornified, concolorous.

Stage V7J.—Head whitish with a broad band of confluent black-brown
mottlings on the face of each lobe, narrowing below, furcate at the ver-
tex; clypeus moderate, depressed at apex; mouth brown, ocelli black;
width 1.4mm. Rounded. scarcely bilobed, lower than joint 2 but not
retracted. Body cylindrical, a little flattened, thick and squarish ; feet
normal, rather slender. Dorsum sordid brown, edged by a black lateral
band (tubercle iii) somewhat diffuse above; joint 2 dorsally and sub-
venter whitish, distinctly whitened about the spiracles. Tubercles i to vi
black. rather large, a little elevated, iii the largest; vi double the whole
length, the pair united on joints 2 to 6, separate on 7 to II, approximate
on 12; iv and v in line, united on joints 5 and 6, nearly so on 7, separate
on 8 to 12, more widely so posteriorly [Stages v and vi not described
from the same larva]. Setz moderate, dusky. In this stage the larve
go down off of the leaves and hide, in the daytime, feeding only at night,
not resting on the backs of the leaves as they did before. Later the
dorsum darkens to various shades of dead-leaf brown shading to black at
the edges subdorsally. Subventral region white, divided by a narrow
sordid line.

Pupation at the surface of the ground, the small brown pupa
resembling that of Callidapteryx dryopterata. Food plant
Lonicera dioica, named for me by Mr. C. L. Pollard.

A discussion then followed, participated in by Messrs. Ash-
mead, Gill and Heidemann, upon the systematic value of
characters furnished by the eggs of insects.

—Mr. Ashmead called attention to a valuable paper published
by Mr. C. T. Brues in the American Naturalist for May, in
which were descriptions of several new genera of flies, some
new beetles and a curious new genus of Proctotrypids, all taken
in connection with studies on the nests of Eciton.

—Mr. Marlatt recorded some observations made by Mr.
Kotinsky and himself on the feeding habits of certain predaceous
insects hitherto considered as beneficial, but which may have to
be classed rather as injurious species. These observations were
made in connection with the breeding experiments and studies of
the imported Asiatic lady beetle (Chzlocorus similis). In one
of the outdoor breeding cages the larve of Adalia bipunctata,
a Coccinellid beetle, which commonly feeds upon aphids, oc-

134 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

curred in great numbers feeding on the common plum aphis
infesting the inclosed tree. These larva were observed in one or
- two instances to eat the larve of the Chilocorus, and when they
were brought together in a jar the Adalia larve attacked readily
the younger larvz of the Chilocorus. While the normal food of
the Adalia consists of plant-lice, it seems to have a rather general
feeding habit, and very probably will eat anything of the insect
sort which is alive and soft, including the larve of its own species.
Large numbers of the wheel-bug ( Przonzdus cristatus) were also
found in the little Department grove, and these also were observed
to feed on any scattering ladybird larve which they came across,
including Chilocorus. The wheel-bug never fed upon the scale,
and its only function in the orchard was an injurious one, destroy-
ing the larve of both the plant-lice and scale-feeding ladybirds.
He referred also to the introduction of the European rear-horse
(Mantis religiosa), which, as well as our native species, feeds on
ladybird larve. The larve of a lace-winged fly (Chrysopa sp.)
preyed also on the Chilocorus. Summing up these observations,
he expressed the belief that all the insects mentioned, and other
general-feeding predaceous species, ought perhaps to be classed as
harmful rather than beneficial. The fact that they occasionally
destroyed injurious larve is scarcely to be taken into account for
the reason that the larvz so destroyed are usually of species which
are easily controlled by other means. The important point is
that they destroy the larvz of insects such as the ladybirds, which
prey naturally on classes of insects—plant-lice and scale species—
which are with difficulty destroyed by artificial means. The
position of the Adalia may, perhaps, be questioned in this regard,
and probably under normal circumstances it confines its food
pretty strictly to the plant-lice, and only attacks other soft-bodied
insects in times of scarcity of its normal food.

OcTOBER 16, 1902.

The 171st regular meeting of the Entomological Society of
Washington was held at the residence of Mr. Frank Benton,
‘¢ Argyle,” Fourteenth streetextended, N.W. Dr. Dyar occupied
the chair and Messrs. Marlatt, Gill, Waite, Hopkins, Barber,

OF WASHINGTON. : 135

Pollard, Schwarz, Benton, Caudell, Howard, Heidemann, Mor-
ris, Patten and Currie, members, and Messrs. Cundiff and
Warner, visitors, were also present.

Mr. Heidemann reported that he had collected, during last
June and July, near Brightwood, D. C., two Fulgorids new to
the District of Columbia, PAylloscelis pallescens Germar and
P. atra Germar. Of the former species but one specimen was
collected, but of the latter quite a series. Mr. Heidemann re-
marked that padlescens possessed venational differences from the
other species of the genus, sufficient, he thought, to justify erect-
ing for it a new genus. 7 |

—Mr. Schwarz mentioned that during his recent collecting
trip in Arizona he had frequently come across accumulations of
insect eggs under. the bark of old pine stumps. At Flagstaff,
Arizona, he found one such mass containing about one hundred
eggs. These subsequently hatched into larve of some longicorn,
~ but what species it was difficult to say. There seemed to be but
one longicorn beetle active there at that time, a Crzocephalus
which was observed in abundance under the bark running
around and copulating. It seemed improbable that the eggs
were laid the year before. They might belong to the Créoceph-
alus though they seemed rather too large for a beetle of that size.
A specimen mass of the eggs was exhibited.

—Mr. Caudell stated that the type of the grasshopper /rztettix
stmplex Scudder, which has been lost sight of for some time,
has lately been found by Mr. James A. G. Rehn of Philadelphia.
Specimens collected by Mr. H. S. Barber in Arizona, on com-
parison with the type, have proved to be this species which
must, therefore, be restored to our lists.

—Mr. Warner exhibited a twig of some plant, bearing a large
number of seed vessels which were infested by some insect.
The insects’ holes of emergence seemed to be all on one side of
the twig, and Mr. Warner wondered what side of the plant,
bright or shady, was most favorable for their development. Mr.
Schwarz. said that in Arizona insects seemed to work perferably
on the southeast side of plants and trees. He did no know, how-
ever, why such was the case.

—Dr. Hopkins showed specimens of the work of a bark beetle
(Phiwosinus cupressi Hopkins, n. sp., MS.) in broken

136 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

branches of the Monterey Cypress from the famous grove at
Cypress Point, near Monterey, California. The natural distribu-
tion of this tree is restricted to a few acres in this one locality,
but it has been extensively transplanted throughout Western
California for hedges and ornamental purposes, thus extending
the range of the beetle and enabling it to acquire the habit of at-
tacking other species of cypress and also the redwood. While
the Phlceosinus does not seem to kill the trees and is compara-
tively harmless in the native grove, it has become a destructive
pest under the influence of its new environment. The adults’
habit of attacking and killing living trees and of feeding on the
bark of living twigs is a characteristic which has not been ob-
served in any other species of this genus.

—Dr. Hopkins also showed the work of a species of Hylestnus
in Red Fir from Port Townsend, Washington. This species
has previously been found in White Fir.

—Mr. Marlatt noted that the common Dog-day Cicada ( Czcada
tibicen Linn.) had given evidence of an important fall brood.
Quantities of these insects had issued from the 15th of September
into October. He had found on a morning three or four freshly
emerged insects, not yet hardened, on the trunk of a single tree,
and that under many trees in the Department grounds, and on
his own premises, this late emergence had been in considerable
numbers, indicating a really important fall brood.

—Dr. Dyar showed slides of the four larval stages and pupa
of Dixa centralzs Loew, with sketches of the larva. The larva
is a surface feeder in stagnant pools and suggests Anopheles
when it goes wriggling across the surface of the water. It has a
sessile breathing apparatus as in Anopheles. The habit of the
insect is to reach the edge of the pool or some ftoating object and
squirm up to the very edge of the water film. It is furnished with |
five pairs of false feet, crowned by hooks, on abdominal seg-
ments 1, 2,5,6 and 7 respectively. These enable it to climb up
on the object it rests on to the very edge of the water. The
larva rests curved like the end of an ellipse, and it progresses
with the end of the loop foremost. This end is composed of the
third and fourth abdominal segments and they are practically
hairless. Long hairs arise from each end of the body which
serve to hold the head and tail in position in the water, keeping

OF WASHINGTON, 137

them from moving backwards as the larva jerks first one and
then the other forward. In feeding it bends the head at nearly
right angles to the body and moves the mouth brushes and
antenne rapidly.

—Dr. Dyar also showed the larval work of Argofzstes scyr-
toides Lec., a beetle inhabiting the lower east coast of Florida.
He had collected these larve in February, 1900, mining in the
leaves of Forestzera porulosa, a large shrub, resembling the
privet. The mine goes back and forth about the margin of the
leaf, and the beetle larva transfers itself to a new leaf when one
is emptied. The larva is flattened, pale whitish with an orange
stripe about the subventral fold; head and cervical shield
blackish brown; thoracic feet black; no abdominal feet. The
larve transformed in the earth.

—-He exhibited further a series of a Noctuid moth, showing
much variety, collected on the sand dunes at Santa Monica, Cal-
ifornia, by Mr. J. J. Rivers. The specimens seem referable to
the very variable Carneades perexcellens Grote, but they differ
from all the described forms of that species by the very pale
hind wings, which run to almost immaculate pure white. It
would seem admissible to designate this form by a new name,
and it may be called var. rzverszz, in honor of the veteran ento-
mologist who collected it.

—Dr. Howard stated that drawings of Dixid larve had been
made by the late Mr. H. G. Hubbard. He had noticed the
resemblance to larve of Axophedes; in fact an old drawing sup-
posedly Azopheles, had afterward proven to be Dixa.

—Mr. Schwarz, commenting on Dr. Dyar’s note concerning
Argopistes scyrtoides, said that he had beaten this flea-beetle
from the dodder (Czuscu¢a) plant near Miami, Fla., while Mr.
Hubbard had found it on the same plant near Jupiter, Fla. He
stated that in some genera of the Chrysomelide all the species
have leaf-feeding habits, while in other genera certain species
only feed uvon the leaves, others live on the roots, or are leat-
miners.

—Mr. Schwarz exhibited a ball of pine resin collected by him
in Arizona, which, upon examination, proved to be the nest of a
bee of the genus Authidium. The nest was preserved in the
hope of rearing the bee and ascertaining its species. Instead of

138 | ENTOMOLUGICAL SOCIETY

the bees, however, two specimens of a blister-beetle, Wemogna-
tha nigripennts LeConte came out. Mr. Schwarz said that as
far as known the species of Meloide are either parasites of bees
or grasshoppers. Asa general rule those species which appear
in the spring are bee parasites. while those which appear in the
fall are parasites of grasshoppers, He expressed surprise that
the bee could work in such a sticky substance as pine resin with-
out disastrous consequences. Mr. Benton said that he thought
it was not more difficult for this bee to work in the resin than
for honey bees to handle the sticky propolis.
—Mr. Marlatt read the following paper :

A CHALCIDID PARASITE OF THE ASIATIC LADY-BIRD.
By C. L. MaruatTr.

A very important hymenopterous parasite must be added to
the list of natural enemies of the Asiatic lady-bird ( Chzlocorus
similis). Toour very great disappointment and astonishment
early in September it was found that the pupe of the last brood
were much parasitized, causing a loss of more than ten per cent.
of this brood. As many as could be of these parasitized pupz
have been collected, and from them has been reared a little
Chalcidid fly, Syztomosphyrum esurus Riley, from five to seven
parasites coming from each pupa. ‘This insect belongs with a
group of secondary parasites, but no trace of the primary parasite »
could te found in any of the pupe examined, although later
breeding may develop the primary parasite during the winter or
next spring. The larve were found free in the abdominal cavity
of the Chilocorus pupa and ultimately all of the substance of the |
pupa disappears. In one or two cases where parasitism had only
just begun to make itself evident, half-grown larve were found.
These were filled with the yellow fluid contents of the Coccinellid
and were orange yellow in color. The older larve in the nearly
empty shells of the pupz were whitish in color. That all of
these larve are of the parasite mentioned above cannot be defi-
nitely said. Doctor Howard, who examined the material with
the writer, is of the belief that the primary parasite will prove to
be Homalotylus obscurus how., the common coccinellid parasite
of this country. Ifthe parasite bred proves to be a true second-
ary parasite, as believed, its presence in such numbers in the
pupz of Chilocorus is a matter for gratification. If, on the con-
trary, it be a primary parasite, it seriously threatens the success of
the imported Chilocorus and all allied lady-birds. The status of
this parasite is given in the appended note by Dr. L. O. Howard.

‘‘All of the Tetrastichinea known and whose exact host rela-

OF WASHINGTON. 139

tions have been determined are hyperparasites. Synxtomosphy-
rum esurum Riley has never been proved to be either secondary
or primary. It is, or was,a common parasite of Aletéa argil-
/acea in the cotton fields of the South late in the surnmer. It
issued frequently and in great numbers from old chrysalids left
hanging bare upon the cotton stalks. The chrysalids on being
opened were found full of this parasite, and no trace of a prim-
ary*parasite was ever found. Hence this insect was considered
in Bulletin 3 of the U.S. Entomological Commission, and in the
Report on Cotton Insects by J. H. Comstock, published by the
Department of Agriculture in 1879, to be a primary parasite,
The question as to whether it might not be a secondary parasite was
raised by me in the 4th Report of the U. S. Entomological Com-
mission. It was reared, as recorded ‘in Bulletin 5 (Technical
Series), of this Division, by Dr. A. D. Hopkins, at Morgan-
town, W. Va., from Orgyia leucostigma. It was reared abun-
dantly in 1896, in the late winter and early spring, at Washing-
ton, D. C., fromthe chrysalids of 7yphantria cunea. Moreover
it was reared by F. M. Webster in 1889 on May 3rd, according
to the notes of the Division,from the galls of 7rypeta gibba
Loew, on Ambrosia artemisiefolia. But these Trypeta galls,
especially late in the season, are apt to contain several different
kinds of insects, not only primary parasites but frequently lepi-
dopterous, coleopterous and dipterous larve, so that the rearing
from the gall means nothing at all, the presumption, however,
being that the insect came from the Trypeta either as a primary
or a secondary parasite.

Summing this evidence all up, we have the insect reared
undoubtedly from lepidopterous chrysalids and from coleop-
terous chrysalids (that is to say, the Coccinellids under consider-
ation) and also possibly from dipterous insects. Unity of habit,
that is to say, unity of host relation, is so marked among the
Chalcidide that wherever such a diversity in the apparent hosts
occurs it has become my rule to place such parasites as undoubt-
edly secondary or tertiary parasites. The primary parasites of a
given group of insects belong to certain definite groups. Exam-
ples are so numerous that they need not be mentioned. In no case
in the whole family,to my knowledge, are the parasites of a
single genus parasitic on more than one order of hosts, and in
some instances they are confined even to individual families of
hosts, and the assumption that a single species of Chalcidid may
be reared from coleopterous, from lepidopterous, as well as pos-
sibly from dipterous hosts, is almost an absurdity. These are
the principal reasons upon which I base my belief that Syxtomos-
phyrum esurum is a hyperparasite.”—L. O. H.

140 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

—Dr. Dyar then read the following paper:

NOTES ON MOSQUITOES IN NEW HAMPSHIRE.
By Harrison G. Dyar.

These observations were made at Center Harbor, on Lake
Winnepesaukee in the hilly part of New Hampshire, where I
spent most of the summer of t902. The lake has an altitude of
500 feet above the sea and is a large body of clear, cold water.
The land surrounding it is very hilly, almost-mountainous, sandy
for the most part, with many rocks and boulders. A consider-
able part of the country is- forested, sheltering some spring pools
and marshes. Other marshy places occur at the edges of the
lake and in the lower, partly cleared woods. There are no
streams in the immediate vicinity.

Mosquitoes are not usually abundant. In fact this is one of
the places described as ‘‘ free from mosquitoes and malaria.”
However, in 1902 mosquitoes were abundant and troublesome,
but only for about a month, from the middle of May to the mid-
dle of June, as I am informed. I reached Center Harbor on
June 20th. At that time only an occasional mosquito was seen
about the house or in any open space, though in the woods they
were still not uncommon. The commonest species was Culex
canadensis and next to that Culex reptans. ‘That is at the time
of my arfival. Later C. reptans gradually disappeared, being
replaced in the same woods by C. ¢réseréatus, which, however,
did not become common. The other species were rare. Culex
cantams was not infrequent in certain localities at the end of
July. Culex pipiens did not occur. Mr. Coquillett at first identi-
fied two captured males as of this species, but a re-examination
corrected the determination. Rain-water barrels and _ other
likely places remained free from ‘* wrigglers” all summer.
Anopheles occurred, in two species, but not very commonly.

Besides the collections made at Center Harbor, one day was
spent at Durham, N. H., which resulted in adding two species
to the list, C. sollicctans and C. pipiens. The latter was
present at Durham in its usual abundance, and larve were found
in several places. Durham is situated at the head of tide water
in low, nearly level farming land. It is seventy-five miles from
Center Harbor in a straight line.

Anopheles punctipennis Say.

Larve occurred in a rain-water puddle by the side of the road,
but few of them matured, as the puddle dried, owing to the
sandy soil. Other larve were taken in pools containing alge,
in low rocky islands in the lake, from a marshy pool of consider-

OF WASHINGTON. 141

able size in partly cleared woods and, as usual, from nearly
every kind of water examined, but in no great abundance.

Anopheles maculipennis Meig.

This species was rare. Curiously enough, all the larve found
were alike and of a peculiar, striking coloration. They were at
once separable from puxctipennis by being black with a straight,
narrow, white dorsal line, furcate on thorax. The white-spotted
punctipennis were never marked with such a uniform line.

Culex canadensis Vheob.

Very common at first, gradually decreasing in numbers, but
continuing allsummer. Larve occurred in a cold spring- pool
in woods late in June, but they were not abundant, apparently
most having completed their transformations. Others were taken
in road-side puddles. <A few stragglers occurred till the middle
of July, but after that few more were found. Eggs were ob-
tained from females confined in jars; I did not find them in
nature, though larve in the first stage were several times collec-
ted. The eggs are probably laid in places where water is liable
to collect, or in pools. In the latter case they sink and would be
very difficult to find. The eggs from the females in jars were
kept in water. One hatched immediately, two more in about a
week, and another in two weeks, but most of them remain un-
hatched yet, apparently hibernating. They are laid singly.

Culex repitans Meig.

Perhaps about half as abundant as the preceding species. The
occurrence was the same, principally a woodland species and
only troublesome about the house at the period of greatest abund-
ance. No larve were found, and I think that the species had
ceased breeding before June 20th, when I arrived. The decline
in numbers of the adults was even more marked than with C.
canadensis, scarcely any being taken with the net after July
15th, though so common at first. The last ones taken had be-
come much worn. This is probably a truly, single-brooded
mosquito with the principal time of flight in June and without .
the continuous addition of a few fresh specimens as with C.
canadensis. The fall and winter are probably passed in the
egg stage. I neglected this species, having gotten the idea that
it was common, and so failed to secure eggs.

Culex cantans Meig.

Rare in my usual collecting ground, a pine woods near the
lake, but rather common about two miles distant in the low land
between Lake Winnepesaukee and Lake Squam. Only adults
were taken and these became much worn as the season advanced.
This is another strictly single-brooded species with hibernation
in the egg stage. No larve were seen. Eggs were obtained
from females confined in jars, but they all remained unhatched
till the present time.

142 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

The larve referred to as cantans previously (Proc. Ent. Soc.
Wash., v, 47, 1902), should be attributed to the following species,
C. sylvestris Theob. The larva of C. cantans is yet entirely
unknown.

Culex sylvestris Theob. -

A few examples only were taken with the net, but many were
bred from larva. The larve occurred in all sorts of temporary
pools, swamps and muddy roadside puddles alike. They
occurred mixed with other short-tubed larvae, principally Culex
canadensis and Aédes fuscus. These three species have essen-
tially similar habits. A roadside puddle was found filled with
them ; when it had nearly dried, I collected the whole, leaving
it empty. After the next rain it was again filled with these same
three species (though less of the cazadensis in proportion).
Probably their eggs were lying at that place and some hatched
after each rain. A large muddy puddle at Durham contained
thousands of *‘ wrigglers,”’ and these were nearly pure sylvestris,
as shown by breeding.

Eggs were obtained from captive females, essentially like
those of caxadensis and cantans, laid singly and sinking in
water. They were obtained late in the season and have not yet
hatched.

Culex territans Walk.

No: adults were taken with the net. I made a practice of
taking all the mosquitoes that came to bite, but never saw a
territans. Still the species was common, for the larve occurred
in every suitable pool and, after the middle of July, they were
the most abundant Cu/ex larve to befound. They continued all
summer. I am driven to the conclusion that C. territans
does not bite. At Bellport, N. Y., where I met with it before
(Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., v, 48, 1902), I could not draw this
conclusion, because C. pzpzexs, closely resembling it, occurred
commonly, and it was impossible to catch all the mosquitoes
that came to bite on account of their numbers. Still all the
territans that I got at Bellport were bred. Eggs were not
obtained from captive females. I have a female, still alive, that
I have had for nearly three months, which has refused to lay
eggs. It will not bite, but feeds on sugar-water. However, I
secured some egg shells from a small pool that was full of
territans larve, and I believe that they are the eggs of this
_ species. They are deposited on the surface of the water in little
boats composed of three or four eggs each, adhering by their
flat sides, the mass floating sideways on the water. They are so
minute as to entirely escape ordinary observation, and are only
to be distinguished from the many little black specks floating on
the water by examination with a lens. -The larve pass four
stages to the pupa, the life cycle occupying three weeks from

*

OF WASHINGTON, 143

“88 to adult in warm weather. Breeding is continuous as with

C. pipiens, and the winter is probably passed as adult.

‘Th common with other species of Cu/ex which have the legs
without white bands, ¢errzfams larva has the antennal tuft he-
yond the middle of the joint and the part of the joint beyond the
tuft more slender than that preceding it. The most marked
differential character is the very slender, elongate air tube, which
separates this larva from that of any other mosquito yet known
tome.* In the first larval stage the antennal tuft is situated at
the middle of the joint; but the normal character is gained at
the first molt; though the white banding is often very incon-
spicuous until the last stage. Most of the larve taken were dark
in color, heavily shaded with brown; but some, from a sunny
roadside puddle, were very pale, of a. translucent white, with the
chitinized parts light brownish.

Culex trisertatus Say.

A few examples were taken and others seen between June
20th and July 8th. After that they became somewhat more
common, continuing all summer. No larve were collected;
eggs from captive females hibernated. The species seems,
therefore, single brooded, but I cannot quite account for the
fresh specimens that were flying all the season. The eggs were
laid singly, adherent to the surface of the glass of the jar, dia in
the edge of the water.

Culex melanurus Coq.

This is a dark-legged mosquito and consequently has a long-
tubed larva. The larva is very characteristic by its darkly
infuscated tube and plates and its peculiar lateral comb of the
eighth abdominal segment, which resembles a grating, the
spines being in the form of long bars in a single row. It is
slow in development and very deliberate in all its motions,
remaining long at the bottom of the water. It inhabits per-
manent pools, spring pools or deep rock pools. The eggs are
laid singly on the surface of the pool, where they float. The
shell is black as usual, but so thin that the unhatched egg looks
gray except at the poles. Breeding is probably continuous, with
hibernation as adult, but the species was so rare that I did not
follow it continuously.

Culex dyart Coq.

Three larva, taken on the day of my arrival, in a cold, per-
manent spring pool, produced this species, and one specimen
was caught afterwards. No more were seen. It is probably
single brooded, an early spring brood with hibernation in the
egg, asin C. reptans. :

*Except that of C. ntgritulus, which I have received from New Jersey.
This is very similar to C. ¢errétans.

144 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

Culex restuans Theob.

The larva occurred sparingly in permanent water both at
Center Harbor and Durham. At the former place in spring
pools, at the latter in a tub set in the woods for watering cattle.
It greatly resembles that of C. pzpzens, especially the pale form
of that larva, but the outer part of the antennal joint is not
shortened as is usual in the long-tubed mosquitoes, so that the
tuft arises from the middle. This is a curious character, some-
what contradictory of the general characters of its group, but
rendering its recognition easy. Only one adult was taken, a
male, the species being rare. Breeding is probably continuous,
with hibernation as adult. No eggs were obtained in New
Hampshire, but I have found them at Washington, on my return
in the fall. They are laid in large boats exactly as in C.
pipiens.

Culex pipiens Linn.

As stated above, this species was absent from Center Harbor.
It was not uncommon at Durham, and many normal larve with
the antennz completely infuscated were taken from a drainage
ditch in a meadow. Other larve from the cattle tub, mentioned
above, differed in being much paler, causing the antenne to
appear pale at the base, which led me to suppose that I was deal-
ing witha different species; but Mr. Coquillett has examined the
two bred series of adults and pronounces them alike.

Culex atropalpus Coq.

Two small pools in hollows in the flat surface of a rock beside
a stream in the woods on the side of Mt. Ossipee were exam-
ined in September. One contained a colony of C. ferritans,
the other, three feet distant, contained this species. The larva
resembles that of C. canadensis, but the tube is shorter, the anal
plate smaller, and the anal finger-shaped processes contain con-
Spicuous trachee. In this particular colony these processes
were enormously enlarged. The species did not occur near Cen-
ter Harbor (Mt. Ossipee is ten miles distant) ; there are no rock
pools there. No adults were taken.

Since my return to Washington, Mr. H. S. Barber has kindly
shown me this species breeding abundantly in water-filled pot-
holes at the edge of the Potomac river above Plummer’s Island,
Md. It was accompanied by C. terr7taxs as in New Hampshire.
Apparently C. atropalpus breeds only in these rock pools.

Culex perturbans Walk.

Several examples were taken in July, but the species was
quite rare and I learned nothing about the early stages.

Culex sollicitans Walk.

One example, taken at Durham during the day spent there.
The species was not seen at Center Harbor which is seventy-five
miles from salt water.

“

OF WASHINGTON. 145

Uranotenta sapphirina O.-S.

Larve were found rather sparsely in a marshy pool filled with
grass and alge on July 25th, in all stages of development.
They were in company with Axopheles punctipennis and Culex
territams. ‘The water of the pool was clear, but stagnant, the
general environment being much as in the places where I found
this species at Bellport, N. Y. (Jn. N. Y. Ent. Soc., ix, 179,
1902; Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., v., 49, 1902). My account of the
larva in the New York Journal contains an error in the descrip-
tion of the first stage. The ventral tuft of the anal segment is
stated to be present, but it is really absent, not appearing until
after the first molt. The figure on the plate is correct. The
pupa of this species is as small as that of Culex territans, but
has even longer air tubes. It may be recognized by this char-
acter from other mosquitoes.

Aédes fuscus O.-S.

The species was not common on the wing. An occasional
female came from time to time in the woods and was taken in
the act of biting, continuing all summer. But many specimens
were raised from larve. The larve occur freely in temporary
pools, especially road-side puddles, and are only occasionally
found in permanent water. They were in company with Culex
canadensis and C. sylvestris and, like them, possess a short
breathing tube, which seems to be the structure adapted for larve
living in temporary pools. The larve with long tubes generally
live in permanent water. The larva of Aédes fuscus does not
differ in structure from Cz/lex. In fact it so nearly resembles C.
sylvestrés in all characters that they are difficult to differentiate
specifically.’

The following synoptic table may replace the middle portion
of the table I presented last year (Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., v., 51,
1902), the part dealing with Cw/ex and Stegomyia. Seven spe-
cies are now added and some of those before contained are more
accurately differentiated.

Air tube long, about four times as long as broad at base.
Antenne with the tuft beyond the middle of the joint.
Tube very long and slender, six times as long as wide or more; anten-
nz white banded.
Tube concave, the tip wider than the terminal por-
tion. Spines of tube mostly with a single basal

¢

Ng Vl Bots ear gat ARO apt OM A Re Nee ia al db BRN mpee Culex territans.
Tube regularly tapered, smallest at tip. Spinesof _
tube 3 to 4-branched.........ccescecee veces seseee eects ees Caslex nigritulus.

Tube moderate, five times as long as wide, or less;
antennz not conspicuously white marked.
Anal segment without hair tufts anteriorly of the
transversely barred area.

146 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

Lateral comb of the 8th 3 Sali a patch of:
spines; air tube brown........... Li dacee .. Culex bipicns
Lateral comb a row of bias 3 air tube black) Culex melanurus.

- Anal segment with hair tufts on the ventral line

BRIS 80 CHS DGS hi uiie Se hac: cra pean -ndse natn ee Shae kekeeseions Cates Ett
' Antenne with the tuft at the ‘inleile of the joint.

’ Antenne whitish on basal half....... 2.60. .cece ee ace eee . Culex restuans.
Air tube short, three times as long as‘ wide, or less.
- Lateral comb of the 8th segment a patch of small Bpince
three rows deep or more.
Anal segment with hair tufts before the barred area.
Anal segment broadly plated...... ..... las peliswnee ous . Culex canadensis.
Anal segment without hair tufts before the
barred area. Anal segment eubeed dor-
COTY DAUR Scns cchewssv een ccc rai enteas . Culex atropalpus.
Lateral comb of the 8th segment a few large spines in asingle, or
partly double row.
_ Anal segment with tufts before ‘the barred area. |
‘Comb of the 8th segment of separate, nearly sim-
ple spines. :
Pecten of the air-tube composed of spines with
three teeth; anal finger-shaped processes

peipiniss scien eaaggleds ‘Avamsinensie> shoss cackes Culex sylvestris.*

round-pointed
Air-tube spines with one tooth anal processes
sharply pointed........... sasbace Odean cane gues Aaied Sevekiis Aédes fuscus.

Comb of conspicuously toothed spines, ew on
a weak basal plate... ay .. Culex jamaicensis.t
Anal segment without tufts before the hareed a area.
Air-tube twice as long as broad.
Comb of the 8th. scement, of nearly simple,
thorn-shaped ‘teeth 3... pase co os a Culex sollicitans.
Air-tubes not over one and a half times as long as
broad.
Comb of the 8th segment of pentinnted
spines in an incompletely double row.... Culex tentorhynchus.t if
Comb of the 8th segment of branched spines
from elongated bases in a single trans-
VETEE LOW sponse kocvacessndes ionqrinspednyqwenn ance Stegomyia fasciata.

* This is the Culex cantans of my former paper in these proceedings. I
had written the name sy/vestrzs in the manuscript, but, by what now
appears to have been an error, it was changed to cantans while in the
hands of the publication committee. 3

+This is the Culex confinis of my former ic ae Mr. ii eet has
improved the identification.

{ Received from New Jersey from Mr. He: H. Brehme cole from the Dis-
trict of Columbia from Mr. J. Kotinsky.° an

OF WASHINGTON,

PiLaTe II.

148 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

EXPLANATION OF PLATE Il.
Labial Plate of Mosquito Larve.

tr. Piles sylvestris, Durham, N. H.

2. The same, another example.

3. The same, Washington, D. C.

4. Culex restuans, Horners Town, N. J.

5. The same, Center Harbor, N. H.

6. Culex nigritulus, Elizabeth, N. J.

7. Culex pipiens, Durham, N. H.

8. The same, Washington, D. C.

9. Culex jamaicensts, Washington, D. C.
0. Culex atropalfus, Potomac river, Md.
11. Aédes fuscus, Center Harbor, N. H.

12. Stegomyia fasctata (Army Medical Museum).
13. Culex dyar¢, Center Harbor, N. H.

14. Culex bimaculatus, Baton Rouge, La.
15. Culex sollicttans, Elizabeth, N. J.

16. Culex canadensis, Center Harbor, N. H.
17. Culex melanurus, Center Harbor, N. H.
18. Culex territans, Center Harbor, N. H.

Nore.—Since these remarks were read, Dr. John B. Smith
has published in Aztomological News a series of figures show-
ing the labial plate of a number of the speciesshown here. These
should be consulted in this connection to show the variations in
this structure in the same species. My plate shows the organ
drawn to the same scale for all the species; in Dr. Smith’s plate
this is not the case. It will be seen that there is considerable
variation in absolute size as well as in shape in the different species.
Some of the species have been drawn from more than one exam-
ple to indicate the individual variation. (See p. 153.)

Dr. Howard congratulated Dr. Dyar upon the results of his
studies of mosquitoes, and said that he would await with interest
their publication, when he would have an opportunity of learning
the results of his work more in detail than was possible in listen-
ing to the reading of the paper. He had visited Holland in the
middle of last September, he said, and made some observations
on the occurrence of mosquitoes there. These seemed not to
breed in the large canals but in the ornamental fountains near
houses. Azopheles was abundant in South Holland. Mr. War-
ner mentioned some mosquito observations of his, and Prof. Hop-
kins spoke of species he had come across on the Pacific Coast
and in North Carolina.

OF WASHINGTON. 149

—The concluding paper was by Mr. Kotinsky, and entitled:

THE FIRST NORTH AMERICAN LEAF-GALL DIASPINE.
By Jacop KoTiINsky.

While out collecting in the woods of the District on October 12,
1902, 1 was attracted toan undersized tree, several leaves of which
were literally covered with small galls. The underside of these
leaves was dotted with white specks corresponding to the galls
above, and under a magnifying lens the former proved to be the
scalesof a Diaspine. This brought to mind similar specimens sent
by Mr. W. M. Scott, of Atlanta, Ga., the preceding July to the
Department of Agriculture, which I had the privilege of examin-
ing. Subsequent search and study revealed the following facts :
That the insects as well as the food-plant are identical with those
of Professor Scott; thatthe latter is the common sweet-gum tree,
or bilsted (Lzguédambar styraciflua); that scarcely a tree was
inspected but was more or less infested with the insect, and that
the insect is referable to Cryptophyllaspis, Ckll. (Bull. 6, Tech.
Ser., Div. Ent., U. S. Dept. Agr., 1897, p. 14), and is a species

new to science. IJ therefore describe it herewith:

Cryptophyllaspis ligquidambaris, n. sp.

2 .gall.—Mostly on upper side of leaf, .5 to 2 mm. high, bluntly conical.

2 scale-—Mostly on under side of leaf; waxy, central portion within
the gall cavity a little beneath the level of the leaf surface; exuvium pro-
portionately large, lemon yellow, subovate, about .4 mm. in diameter, wax
rim about .2 mm. wide.

Q—Subcircular, about .3 mm. wide and .4 mm. long; anterior % of
body, and the lobes smoky yellow and heavily chitinized; caudal end
transparent, no circumgenital glands; dorsal pores few; a group of three
in line with and cephalad of first incision, and three parallel to these
from a point cephalad of second incision; anal orifice 90 » from base of
lobes, 45 » in diameter; one pair of median lobes 12-13 » wide at base and
5-7-5 » intervening space, notched on each side, lateral notches lower than
interior; two incisions each side of the lobes, the caudal larger, wall
thickenings subequal in all. The plates are shaped like those character-
istic of Chrysomphalus spp., and are distributed as follows: two of the
ordinary type between the median lobes; two of the Chrysomphalus type
between each lobe and the first incision, and three between the first and
second incisions; then there are also several dagger-shaped, beyond the
second incision; the spines are slightly longer than the lobes, and a pair is
to be found just cephalad of each lobe and incision. This description is
. from several specimens mounted in Canada balsam.

150 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

- & scale.—White, waxy, oval; yellowexubrium nearer the anterior end.
These are usually found grouped about the glands that the leaf bears at
each end of its veins.

Habitat.— On leaves of sweet-gum tree, or bilsted (Lzgu¢dam-
bar styracifilua). Mr. Bridwell tells me that Professor Scott
found it also on twigs.

Atlanta, Ga., W. M. Scott, coll., July, 1902.

Washington, D. C., Jacob Kotinsky, coll., Oct. 12, 1902.

At first glance the mounted 2 looks very much like Aspidiotus
rapax Comst., but its smaller size (about 4) immediately separates
it from that species. Careful study of the plates will also show
marked differences. I placed it in this genus owing to its gall-
producing propensities, a characteristic of C. occultus Green,
from Ceylon, on Gruvia ortentalis, upon which Prof. Cockerell
based this subgenus of Aspidiotus, later raised to the rank of a
genus. This genus, besides the species above described and the
generic type, now includes in addition C. riéibsaamen?z Ckll.,
upon Codieum from Bismarck Archipelago, and, as Prof.
Cockerell kindly informs me zz /ztt., ‘*C. bornmiilleri. Riibs.
from Madeira, on Globularia salicina (Marcillia, I, 1902, p.
62).”

Prof. Cockerell’s remarks ¢z Zt. with reference to my species
are too interesting to be omitted. He says: ‘‘ Cryptophyllaspis
is a gall-making derivative of the type of Aspidzotus cyanophylle,
or, more broadly speaking, of Diaspidiotus. “Your description
does not seem to contradict this view, except that the anal orifice
is perhaps too large, and the single pair of lobes is peculiar.
These last characters suggest Hlemzberlesta, and I suspect that
you have in reality a gall-making Hlemzberlesza. In that case,
your species cannot be a EO fe cad hae however much it
resembles one, 2). * F = (S ec my remarks in Ann. Mag. Nat.
Hist., July, 1902, pp. 40-41).”

I am sorry not to have seen the description of Riibsaamen’s
species in order to see what relation it bears tothe above. I may
add in this connection that the species herein described is para-
sitized, though I have not bred the parasite as yet.

NOVEMBER 6, 1902.

The 172d regular meeting of the Entomological Society of
Washington was held at the residence of Mr. O. Heidemann, 700
Newark street, Petworth. Dr. Dyar presided, and Messrs. Sher-
man, Hopkins, Busck, Gill, Kotinsky, Barber, Ashmead, Heide-
-mann and Currie, members, and Mr. J. L. Webb, visitor, were

OF WASHINGTON. _ 151

also present. Mr. W. V. Warner, 1522 Kingman Place, BEY
was elected an active member of the Society. |

Dr. Hopkins, under the heading Short Notes and Exhibition of °

Specimens, showed some oak galls from black oak leaves, re-
ceived through the Secretary of Agriculture and Bureau of Plant
Industry, from Mr. Geo. F. Richards, P. M., Westcott, Missouri,
with the statement in Mr. Richards’ letter of October 15, that this
substance was very abundant in that section, and that cattle, hogs,
sheep, turkeys and chickens were all very fond of it and were
getting fat on it. Its resemblance to wheat grains and its nutri-
tive quality suggested to Mr. Richards the name ‘*‘ black oak
wheat.”

The same kind of gall was later received from Mr. A. G. Tower,
Texarkana, Arkansas, with the statement that hogs fatten on it,
and it was known there as ‘* wheat mass.”

The information relating to the nutritive quality of the gall
suggested to Professor Hopkins the importance of having a food
analysis made of it, and some of the galls were submitted to Dr.
W. H. Krug, in charge of. the Dendro-Chemical Laboratory of
the Bureau of Chemistry, who analyzed it and submitted the
following report :

ANALYSIS OF GALLS BY Dr. W. H. Krua.

NLOWCONE. cos dias cagancvoss fadedPeahakeqina das satonrkasate Pesaswebos 12.24%
TOETICR CEPR OC. on cakes ssn vesteasns us ikeushsseunepeses ndtcoiaeees eye ee
Crude fiber (indigestible). iii oo .is sieses Snes ssvchaceueeness 9-34
PPBOUGRE «Pigs sy5) soieci bes do Seesoa ch iy ohn cod dace hp ln We GRRE 8.56
BU o chen sive sa doe suman shaven lecoedsre Haha tine vasa eek 2.89
Carbohydrates: (starch, Gt, )eiscc isis sabe today osesiives snes ..». 63.60

Relative food value = 93.43.
Nutritive ratio = 8.4.

‘* The relative food value is high and the nutritive ratio is wide, show-
ing that this material is especially adapted for fattening animals.

STARCH DETERMINATION OF GALLS AND RED OAK ACORNS.

Size of starch grains:

Red: OAM AROS Hoots: Sissi how btalilsneiceaes 5-7 (1.7~18) M.
ERO: ORG BMEMG: < Fie ceccen i ais vvvs one cpheadigeninsaceatoes 7.3 (2,6-12) M.

152 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

Starch grains vary in form, the acorn starch being more or less elon-
gated in form and often somewhat truncated. They possess faint concen-

tric rings and a hilum marking which tends to be crescent-shaped.

The gall starch grains are nearly spherical in form, occasionally trun-
cated, and usually have a strongly-marked stellate hilum. The rings are
more strongly shown than in the acorn starch. Both varieties are rather
strongly active toward polarized light.

The starch grains from the galls resemble somewhat the reserve (?)
starch of the woody tissue though the markings are rather more pro-
nounced.”

Dr. Hopkins stated that the galls appear to belong to a group
designated by Osten Sacken as ‘+ swellings of the leaf, usually
along the principal midribs, and containing numerous seed-like
kernels.” No specimens have been reared from the galls, but

they appear to be the work of a species of Callérhytzs.

Another gall on oak twigs, from Miss Alice Eastwood, San

Francisco, California, was exhibited, which contains hazelnut-

like kernels which readily separate from the enveloping woody
swelling. This gall was identified by Mr. Ashmead as probably
belonging to the genus Cadlirhyizs.

In discussion Mr. Ashmead then stated that the gall-maker
might not be a true Cadlirhytis but an Andricus.

—Mr. Busck stated that a box containing lost types of Claiiehe
Tineids had recently been found in the Academy of Natural Sci-
ences, Philadelphia. As a result of this valuable discovery
twenty species of Clemens, which have up to this time been
only guessed at, are now definitely known from the type speci-
mens.

-—Mr. Heidemann exhibited specimens of all stages of the

‘Reduviid bug Apzomerus crassipes Fabricius. The larve and

eggs shown were received from Mr. F. C. Pratt, who collected
them upon a leaf at Great Falls in Virginia.

—NMr. Busck exhibited some peculiar woody balls which he had
found in nests of Hatermes in Porto Rico. Inthe majority of the
nests they were not found, but in some they were very numerous.
Prof. Hopkins said he thought that Mr. Pergande had hit on the
right idea in believing that these balls were condensed, stored

_ food material.

—Dr. Dyar showed mosquito eggs, presumably of Culex
trisertatus Say, which had been collected by Mr. J. Turner
Brakeley, of Horners Town, New Jersey, at hissuggestion. Mr.

OF WASHINGTON. | $33.

4

Brakeley found the larve of this Cudex abundantly in a certain
old iron kettle on his place in the summer of 1902, and Dr. Dyar
thought that the eggs might be found by a careful search of this
kettle, bearing in mind the habits of oviposition observed in
captivity. Such proved to be the case, Mr. Brakeley finding the
eggs along the old water lines exactly as would be expected.
The kettle was dry at the time of examination, November 2. It
had, however, been more or less full of water all summer and
apparently for previous seasons. The eggs were found at the
points where the water level had remained constant long enough
to form rings on the side of the kettle, singly, in lines of three to
ten, or in groups. ‘They adhered firmly to the side, but could be
detached by a forceps moistened in alcohol or with a stiff brush.
It thus appears that Culex ¢riseriatus passes the winter in the
egg state, as has been inferred. The eggs sent by Mr. Brakeley
will be submitted to culture experiments to see if they will
hatch.

—Dr. Dyar showed also a set of photographs of lepidopterous
larve taken by Mr. A. Hyatt Verrill, of New Haven, Connecticut.
Some of them showed the larve somewhat enlarged, bringing
out the general appearance very nicely.

—He showed further some drawings of the mentum of mo-
squito larve, principally of the genus Culex, showing the modi-
fication in size and shape of this organ in the different species.*
In Culex pipiens, C. nigritulus and C. dyaré it is large with
many teeth on the edge, the central tooth large and followed by
small ones, again becoming large toward the base; in C. ¢errz-
tans and C. melanurus the part is much smaller, the teeth fewer
and larger, but of the same general arrangement; in C. restuans
it is very small, the teeth fine and uniform, deeply grooved
basally. C. sylvestris, C. atropalpus, C. canadensis, C.
tentorhynchus, C. sollicitans, C. jamaicensis, Aédes fuscus
and Stegomyta fasciata have the mentum large, broadly tri-
angular, the teeth usually small centrally, becoming larger
toward the base. Dr. Howard called attention to this structure
last year; it will probably prove useful in conjunction with the
other larval characters, though comparatively difficult to observe.

The paper by Mr. Banks, ‘‘ New Smynthuride from the Dis-
trict of Columbia,” was, in his absence, read by title.

* See pp. 147, 148.

154 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

NEW SMYNTHURIDZ FROM THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA.
“By NATHAN BANKS.

The spring-tails of the family Smynthuride are the most inter-
esting forms of the order Collembola. They exhibit considerable
diversity in structure and habits, and the species are mostly well
marked. Several years ago I reported on the forms found on
Long Island, N. Y. Since coming to Washington I have been.
on the lookout for them, and. have taken a number of species,
most of which were already known. Three, however, are dif-
ferent from any forms yet known from this country, and their
suogelaaeees are presented below: 7

Dicyrtoma frontalis n. sp.

Head pale yellowish, a broad brown (nearly black) band connecting an-
tennz and then extending back to the hind margin of the head, above a
median black dot; in front across face is a broad brown band, the nasus
below it being brighter yellow than the rest of the head; the thorax is
pale, black-spotted on sides; abdomen above dark purplish hrown, and
tubercle more reddish, and showing two pale spots above; basal joint of
antenne dark brown, rest paler brown; legs pale, rather brown on tips of
joints; spring pale. Second joint of antennez long and slender, shorter
than breadth of head, third about as long as the second, apparently divided
into three subequal portions, last joint short, pointed; abdomen short,
high, sloping suddenly behind, above beyond the middle is a distinct
rounded tubercle each side, and a slight one in the median line behind;
furcula long, the dentes two and one-half times as long as the mucrones,
with a few bristles below; mucrones finely serrate below, tip curved down-
ward; a few hairs on head, a few very short ones on posterior slope of
abdomen, longer ones on anal tubercle. Length, 1.2 mm.

Washington, D. C., January ; under leaves in woods. Readily
known by markings of the head.

Smynthurus factalis n. sp.

Heal pale brown, with a transverse ivory white band, broadest in the
middle and slightly pointed below, extending back below base of antenne
to the abdomen; vertex with pale spots, a row of them connecting the
bases of the antennz; each ocellus surrounded with white; basal joint of
the antennz brown, with a white spot above, second joint brown at base,
rest pale. Legs banded, femur with a dark band near the tip, three on
tibia. Abdomen above white, the basal part with many small ivory white
spots, arranged more or less in three rows, the middle one including a
brown line; dorsum beyond the middle with irregular white, brown, and
a few larger black spots; anal tubercle above white, with a median black
stripe; spring pale purplish; venter pale on apical part, darker on base.

OF WASHINGTON, 155

Basal joint of antenna longer than broad, second joint twice as long as
first, third one and one-half times as long as the second, fourth as long
as the rest together, divided into 18 or 20 subjoints. Abdomen rather
long; behind is a prominence each side; dorsum clothed with rather long
hairs; furcula of moderate length, the dentes about four times as long as
broad at base, with hairs beneath, mucrones about one-third the length
of the dentes, finely serrate below. Length, 2. mm.

Washington, D. C., under dead leaves, January. Separated
from S. sylvestris by the markings of head and antennae, and
dorsum of abdomen.

Smynthurus trilineatus, n. sp.

Pale; head and basal half of abdominal dorsum with three brown stripes,
the lateral one passing through eye and base of antenna down upon the
face, behind on abdomen they converge toward the middle; the middle
stripe, which is narrower and with more even margins, on the head does
not extend much beyond bases of antenne, behind reaching as far as
lateral stripes; just beyond the ends of these stripes and across the mid-
dle of dorsum is a blackish band, behind which are two large submedian
black spots, narrowly connected to a smaller median one behind on the
anal tubercle, a few less striking ones on the sides; legs pale; spring
pale;'antenne brown. Basal joint of antenna short; the second fully
twice as long; third one and three-fourths times as long as the second;
fourth as long as rest together, with about 18 annulations; dentes about
three and one-half times as long as wide at base, with hairs below;
mucrones fully one-third.the length of the dentes, finely serrate below.
Length, 1.6 mm.

>

Washington, D. C. Hopping over moss and dead leaves in
May. °

—Mr. Heidemann read the following paper :

REMARKS ON LIGYROCORIS CONSTRICTUS SAY AND DE-
SCRIPTION OF PERIGENES FALLAX, A NEW SPECIES.

By O. HEIDEMANN.

Some time ago in working on the group Myodocharia of the
Family Lygeide I found that my material of Lzygrocorés con-
strictus Say, from Washington, D. C., Florida and Texas, con-
tained two different forms which I had formerly determined as
belonging to one species. The mutual resemblance of the two
forms is very striking. Anyone might easily be deceived, and it
seems that this has often been the case, as the writer learned
later through his correspondence on the subject.

156 . ENTOMOLUGICAL SOCIETY

Originally the species was described by Say as Pamera con-
stricta from the United States.* Stal placed Say’s species in
his genus Ligyrocoris.t The species of this genus are mainly
characterized by having on both sides of the abdomen, at the
base, a lunate vitta which is very finely striated and not pubes-
cent.

Among my specimens I found some with a vitta and others
without a trace of it. This made it impossible to decide which
form really was the species Say had described, since his descrip-
tion fits both forms equally well and since he makes no mention
of any vitte on the abdomen. Unfortunately Say’s types have
been lost, but many species in the Harris Collection at the Bos-
ton Society of Natural History are named by Say, according to
Mr. Ph. R. Uhler, who years ago worked up and arranged this
collection.{ Mr. Uhler cites Say’s species Pamera constricta
as belonging to the genus Ligyrocorés Stal, referring to No.
122, Harris Collection, Milton, Aug. 15, 1831, ‘‘ determined as
Pamera constricta by Mr. Say” (1. c., p. 389). Mr. S. Hen-
shaw, of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge,
Massachusetts, has been kind enough to compare the two differ-
ent forms with the specimen in the Harris Collection. His an-
swer reads as follows: ‘‘ Harris’ specimen is badly eaten, but
there is enough on one side to show the vitta on that side.’
This might settle now any doubt as to the determination of Say’s
Ligyrocorts constrictus.

I was puzzled for some time as to where I should properly
place the specimens without a lunate vitta, until I found in the
Biologia Centrali-Americana a description by Mr. Distant of a
new genus, Perigenes, based on the new species P. diésposttus
from Guatemala.§ The description of the genus is very short
and concise: ‘* Form and shape of Ligyrocoris Stal, but with-
out the lunate vitte to the under surface of the abdomen; poste-
rior legs shorter ; antennz shorter, the third joint with the apex
distinctly incrassated.” Following this description I have no
hesitation in placing my specimens in this genus, but I venture
to describe this form as a new species on account of some differ-
ences, even if these are but slight.

Perigenes fallax n. sp.
Body golden pubescent. Head, thorax and side margins of abdomen
covered with soft, long hairs. Head, abdomen and humeral angles of

* Say’s Entomology of North Awibiton. Raboate, L Pp. 332.

+ Enumeratio Hemipterorum, part IV, p. 146. 1874.

t See his paper ‘‘ Notices of the Hemiptera-Heteroptera in the collec-
tion of the late T. W. Harris, M. D.” (Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist.,
XIX., pp. 365-446, 1878.

§ Biol. C.-Am., Hemiptera-Heteroptera, I., p. 396, Pl. 34, Fig. 25,
March, 1893.

OF WASHINGTON. 157

thorax piceous. Antenne very hairy, terminal joint sericeous pubescent ;
basal joint short, second joint longest, about twice the size of the basal
one, third joint one-fourth shorter, the ultimate one a little longer than
the third; color ochraceous, darker at the tip of joints and at basal part
of the first joint. Rostrum dark, reaching to the intermediate coxe.
Sternum, pleural pieces and scutellum dull black, also the thorax, except
at posterior margin which is fuscous, smooth and slightly sinuated.
Hemelytra dark brown or reddish brown; costal margins ochraceous, at
apex clouded, sometimes also before it; at the inner margin of corium are
two yellowish white spots. Membrane smoky, at base a few irregular or
lunate whitish: marks. Lighter colored specimens show near the suture
of corium and on the clavus two ochraceous very short lines longitudinally.
Legs highly polished, densely set with fine, long hairs, on-the tibiz a few
remote spines; front femora beneath at apex with a strong spine, before
ita smaller one, color piceous, except at base and. tip; middle and hind
femora with a broad piceous band before the apex; the base and tip of
tibiz clouded with fuscous, as ?re also the last tarsal joints. Wings irri-
descent. In the male, which is considerably smaller, the legs are more or
less ochraceous and the femora without a piceous band. Length 5.7 mm.

Type.—No. 6617, U. S. National Museum. One male and
one female from Washington, D. C., collected by the author on
September 1 and 4, respectively.

This species is widely distributed. I have seen specimens
from Buffalo, New York, Texas and Los Angeles, California.
It differs from Perigenes dispositus Distant in the colors and
somewhat, also, in the length of the antennal joints.

The paper was discussed by Messrs. Ashmead and Hopkins.
Mr. Ashmead thought that the so-called types of Say in the Har-
ris collection should be accepted as such when they agree with
the published descriptions, otherwise not.

DECEMBER 4, 1902.

The 173d regular meeting was held at the residence of Mr. C.
L. Marlatt, 1440 Massachusetts avenue, N.W.. President Dyar
occupied the chair, and Messrs. Morris, Simpson, Busck, War-
ner, Patten, Uhler, Howard, Schwarz, Pollard, Barber, Kotinsky,
Currie, Benton and Stiles, members, and Messrs. H. E. Burke
and J. L. Webb, visitors, were also present. The minutes ot
the iast meeting were read and approved.

—Dr. Stiles referred in terms of high praise to the scientific
work of the late Major Walter C. Reed, Surgeon in the United

158 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

States Army, mentioning in particular his investigations in Cuba
as a member of the Yellow-fever Commission with reference to
the relation of the mosquito Stegomyza fasctata to that disease.
He then moved that the Chair appoint a committee of three to
draw up suitable resolutions relative to Major Reed and _ his
work, these resolutions to be sent to the family of the deceased
and printed in the minutes without further vote by the Society.
The motion was carried, and Messrs. Stiles, Howard and Ash-
mead were appointed subsequently. ;

The Committee presented the following resolutions :

Resolved, ‘That the Entomological Society of Washington
herewith expresses its keen appreciation of the great loss Ameri-
can science, and particularly American preventive medicine, has
sustained in the death of Major Walter Reed, Surgeon United
States Army. Although not a zoologist, he has been pre-emi-
nent among physicians in making practical application of zoologic
knowledge in saving human life, and his discovery and demon-
stration of the transmission of yellow fever by mosquitoes belong-
ing to the species Stegomyza fascéata must take rank scientifically’
as one of the most brilliant, and practically as one of the most
important discoveries ever made in applied zoology. |

Resolved, also, That we heartily endorse the idea that Congress
be urged to make ample provision for the support of Doctor
Reed’s widow and daughter. Had Doctor Reed been in private
practice or on the faculty of the medical school of an endowed
university, his income would have been much larger than that he
received in the Army. Had he discovered some mechanical
device which could in anyway compare in importance, in saving
lives and property, with the discovery he made in regard to yel-
low fever, he would have realized financial benefits which would
have made him a multi-millionaire, and even if Congress should
vote an unusually generous pension, the sum could represent only
an infinitesimal interest on the money which Doctor Reed’s
medico-zoological discovery will save this country and other

countries.
Resolved, further, That this Society express to Mrs. Reed its

sympathy in her bereavement.
Cu. WARDELL STILES,

L. O. Howarp,
Wma. H. ASHMEAD,
Commettee.

OF WASHINGTON, 159

Professor Uhler was then called upon to address the Society.
In responding he gave the results of his observations upon the
Periodical Cicada in the vicinity of Baltimore, especially during
the past season. ‘The cicadas, he said, were first observed on the
27th of May, in Baltimore, in the neighborhood of Druid Hill
Park. From that time on they appeared in increasing numbers
until the 18th or 2oth of June, at which time they were extremely
abundant. In fact, he was informed by one whom he regarded
as a reliable authority that 39 cart-loads of these insects were
carried away from the park grounds.

Professor Uhler stated that he had in his possession two speci-
mens of this cicada collected in 1783. They were given him
many years ago by the son of the well-known collector Mr. Wilt,
who came to this country in 1782. He also had in his collection,
besides the specimens collected during the past season, some
examples from the previous appearances of the brood, in 1851
and 1868.

He mentioned the singular fact that he had found this cicada
appearing at the same localities every year for five consecutive
years after 1885 on the Belair and Harvard roads to the northeast
of and within three miles of Baltimore.

In regard to the form cassznzzz, Prof. Uhler said that he had
collected large series of cicadas ranging in size all the way from
the smailest specimens to the largest of typical septendecim, and
he had found that the abdominal colors varied. In addition to
this the song-notes which were thought to be peculiar to each
form were found to be used by both. There no longer, there-
fore, appeared to him any reason for considering the form cass¢nzz
as valid. Cassénzi has been reported as appearing somewhat
later than typical septendectim, but he had found it throughout
the season, both early and late, and he thought it noteworthy
that he had found it at Pen Mar, Maryland, as late as the early
part of August.

Speaking of the mounds or turrets, Prof. Uhler said that those
he saw differed from Prof. Riley’s published figures in that the
hole of emergence was never at the side or bottom, but always at
the top. The turrets were found only in certain localities and
under hemlock and balsam, zo¢ under oak trees.

Mr. Marlatt said that he agreed with Prof, Uhler as to the in-

160 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOOLETY

validity of the form casszzzz. He also had always found the hole
at the top of the turret and never at the side. He referred to his
notes on the periodical cicada given at the-meeting last June and
the general discussion of these insects which then took place. He |
stated that Mr. Wm. T. Davis collected specimens of this cicada
upon Staten Island nearly every year.

Prof. Hopkins said he had been led to believe that septendecim
appears every year in certain localities of West Virginia. ¥:
' Mr. Schwarz stated that he had seen the turrets from Missouri
from which the figures published by Riley were made. He
remembered that several of them had a hole on the side as shown
in the figure. There was no brood of this cicada, he said, on
the Rio Grande in Texas, though it had twice been recorded from
there. Both these records, however, were based upon another
species, which comes up in enormous numbers in that part of the
West at the time that septendecim emerges in the East. He
mentioned the fact that Prof. John B. Smith had observed a cer-
tain species ovipositing ina rotten stump. The species found at
Williams, Arizona, Mr. Schwarz said, oviposits in oak twigs,
and is as fatal to the twigs as is our septendecim.

—Mr. Morris called the attention of the Society to a work
entitled, ‘*‘ Galls and the Insects Producing Them,” by Melville
Thurston Cook, parts I and II of which have recently appeared
as Bulletin No. 15, Series 6, of the Ohio State University.

—Dr. Dyar showed mosquito larve collected by Messrs.
Schwarz and Barber at Williams, Arizona, early in June, Igo.
It is probable that they are Culex zucidens Thomson, since the
imagoes of this and C. varzpalpus Coquillett were the only
species. taken at that place, and the latter is a small fly, not
attributable to this large larva. The larva belongs to the short-
tubed group, and is allied to canadensis and atropalpus by its
large comb of the eighth segment consisting of a large patch of
many little spines. It differs from these species and also from
all other mosquito larvze yet seen by the pecten of the air-tube

being formed of a row of hairs instead of the usual short-toothed
spines.*

* Since this note was read, apparently the same species of larva has
been received from Messrs. Dupree and Morgan, labelled Culex consobrt-
aus. Consobrinus occurs in Arizona in all probability, since the National

OF WASHINGTON, 161

—Mr. Schwarz exhibited specimens of the Ptinid beetle, 77z-
gonogenius farctus LeConte, from San Francisco, Cal., and 7.
Llobulum Solier, from Chili, in order to prove the specific iden-
tity of the two. He called attention to his note published in the
Canadian Entomologist, where the habits of the species were
mentioned. It has been found in red pepper and other drugs in
California and British America, and he had at that time called at-
tention to the fact that the species was probably an introduced one.
He also called attention to a note in the Entomologists’ Monthly
Magazine for March, 1900, where Mr. B. Tomlin records the
occurrence of this species in Engiand among refuse of grain.

—Mr. Marlatt recalled a communication presented by him
before the Society several years ago, in which he pointed out the
danger of describing as new species specimens of scale insects
which varied in color only from old species. As illustrating the
wide range of such variations he exhibited some specimens of .
the San José scale. One of these was a peach twig recently
received from a correspondent, completely massed and covered
with scales, most of which were of a chalky or almost snow-
white color. This was especially notable on the side of the limb
most exposed to the sun, and all of the scales on the limb, under-
neath as well, were much whitened. If the character of color
were given relative value in this case it would result in a distinct
species, if not a new genus. On this twig were patches where
the scale presented nearly the normal appearance, and in other
places were all the variations between the white and the normal
color of the scale. He also exhibited some pear leaves on which
the San José scale, chiefly male scales, were of a very light buff,
and stated that he had noticed during the summer that the insects
that went out on the leaves developed scales of this color in life, a
characteristic which is widely divergent from the normal type of the
species, and would never be recognized as belonging to the San
José scale. More striking examples of wide variations in color
of a scale he had never seen, and both of these specimens illus-

Museum has specimens from New Mexico and Chihuahua, whereas ¢zcr-
dens is unknown in the East. Therefore, covsobrinus is a more probably
correct identification of Messrs. Schwarz and Barber’s larve.

Consobrinus belongs to the short-tubed group only by reversion in the
last stage, as will be more fully discussed elsewhere.—H. G. D.

162 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

trated the danger of depending on color for the identification of .
species or for characterization. In this case it was especially
notable because the San José scale is, as a rule, rather uniform
in its colorational features.

—Then Dr. Howard, under the title ‘* Gossip about a chess
Trip, more or less entomological,” gave a rapid but entertaining
outline, illustrated by numerous photographs, of his travels in
Europe during the past summer, particularly in France, Italy,
Austria, Germany and Holland. He gave his impressions of the
various entomological and other scientific institutions visited, of -
their work and of the workers themselves. Among many items of
interest may be mentioned his account of the precautions taken
in the malaria-infested regions of Italy to protect the inhabitants
from mosquitoes.

At the conclusion of Dr. Howard’s talk, Mr. Schwarz asked
him if he agreed with the statement which Mr. Marlatt had made
upon returning from his European trip, that injurious insects
were much less numerous in Europe than in our country. Dr.
Howard replied that he did, most emphatically.

—Mr. Caudell presented the following paper for publication :

SOME NEW OR UNRECORDED ORTHOPTERA FROM
ARIZONA.

By A. N. CaAupDELL.

In a collection of seventeen species of Orthoptera, received
from Dr. R. E. Kunze, of Phoenix, Arizona, occur two new
species and a few others of considerable interest by reason of
their rarity or by their having been previously unrecorded from
that Territory. Following is a list of the species represented,
together with descriptions of those which are new.

Orphulella compta Scudd.
Ligurotettix kunzet sp. nov.

Head large; fastigum moderately sulcate, more so in the male, very
slightly carinate centrally, or there tumescent; lateral foveole quadrate ;
frontal costa flat, very slightly sulcate just below the ocellus, broad,
nearly as wide as the interspace between the eyes. Eyes prominent, a
little elongate, slightly longer than the infraocular part of the gene..
Antenne slightly thickening distally, apically acuminate, longer than
the head and pronotum. Pronotum widening irregularly from in front
backwards, obtusangulate behind, subtruncate in front; median carine

OF WASHINGTON. 163

persistent, less distinct between the sulci; lateral carina present only
posterior to the principa! sulcus; lateral lobes vertical, the posterior
angles rounded. Elytra and wings slender, reaching about one-fourth
of their length beyond the end of the posterior femora. Hind femora
considerably compressed, the upper margin more curved than the in-
ferior. ;

Color—brown, mottled quite uniformly with fuscous, lighter in the
male and much less maculate with fuscous, almost uniformly light grayish-
brown. The head has an obscure postocular band and the upper part of |
the lateral lobes is somewhat infuscated, scarcely so on the metanotum,
scarcely noticeable in the male. Abdomen much lighter in color than the
rest of the body. Elytra in the female considerably flecked with fuscous,
in the male almost immaculate. Posterior femora brownish externally,
paler towards the tip, except the upper half of the genicular are
which is piceous, internally the geniculation is wholly black and the
face is marked with one distinct and one imperfect black band dividing the
surface into three nearly equal parts, the imperfect band being basal and
not showing on the dorsal surface of the femora, while the perfect band
continues over the dorsal surface and slightly onto the outer face, neither
band showing in the ventral sulcus, which is uniformly light brown.
Hind tibiz dull yellow with a small black spot at either extremity below.

Length, body, ¢', 17 mm., 2, 24 mm.; antennae, 5’, 6 mm., Q, 6.5
mm.; elytra, 3’, 16 mm., 9, 21.5 mm.; hind femora, “', 9 mm., Q, 11
mm.

Type No. 6705, U.S. National Museum.

One male and one female from Phoenix, Arizona, collected
September 10, 1902.

This species is very like Lzgurotettix coguilletti, but is much
more slender, lighter in color, and the posterior femora are not
so distinctly banded above. The measurements are also consid-
erably greater.

_Encoptolophus subgracilis sp. nov.

Head moderately large, about as broad as the posterior part of the
pronotum; eyes quite prominent, about as long as the infraocular part
of the gene and generally with a more or less distinct fuscous band
running horizontally across the middle, especially in the male. Vertex
about as broad as one of the eyes, furnished posteriorly with a very
distinct carina, the margins well elevated, converging in front to form
the sides of the frontal costa, which is moderately narrow, approximately
half as broad as the interspace between the eyes, equal in the female,
narrowing apically in the male, quite deeply sulcate, especially at the
ocellus, and below just failing to reach the clypeus. Antenne short,
very slightly broadening apically, at least in the female. Pronotum
more slender than usual in this genus, broader behind and with the
lateral lobes almost perpendicular and more angulate behind than
usual in allied species; median carina better developed than in pallidus,

164 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

the nearest allied species, but in no sense cristate, evenly elevated and cut
slightly before the middle; lateral carina distinct, fading anterior to the
principal sulcus. Elytra and wings of equal length, considerably surpass-
ing the posterior femora, the elytra more slender in proportion to their
width than usual in members of this genus. Posterior femora broad ba-
sally, about equally rounded above and below, not or but little passing the
tip of the abdomen in either sex, the carinz well elevated.

Coior—dark brown, mottled with fuscous. Head dark brownish,fuscous
above, somewhat lighter on the sides and in front and furnished with an
obscure postocular band, which, especially in the male, extends across
the middle of the eye. Pronotum colored as the head with the inferior
border of the lateral lobes lighter. Abdomen light yellowish brown,
somewhat infuscated basally above. Elytra with the usual fuscous mark-
ings but somewhat less conspicuous than usual. Wings hyaline with the
stigma deeply infuscated. Posterior femora quite uniformly brown ex-
ternally with a somewhat obscure pallid pregenicular annulation; inter-
nally black with two light bands, one preapical and one median. Hind
tibie greenish blue, the basal third pallid.

Length, body, 9’, 18 mm., 9, 25 mm.; antenne, <j, ?, 9,6 mm.; ely-
tra, f, 16mm., 9, 19 mm.; hind femora, ¢', 10 mm., 9, 12 mm.

Type No. 6704, U. S. Nationa] Museum.

Two males and one female from Phoenix, Arizona, collected
October 27, 1902.

This species is most nearly allied to Lncoptolophus pallidus
Bruner, from California, but the color is darker, in this regard
standing between that species and cos/adzs, and the general form
is much more slender. It differs from costals in its slenderer
form, less conspicuously marked elytra and smaller size. When
a number of specimens are examined there will probably be some
variation found to exist in the length of the antennee, this being
the case with &. pallidus.

Trimerotropts vinculata Scudd.
Conozoa behrensi Sauss.
Anconia integra Scudd.
Schistocerca shoshone Thom.
Schistocerca vega Scudd.
Melanoplus artdus Scudd.

There are nine specimens of this species in the collection and
one, a female, is quite noticeably tinged with green.
Melanoplus brownit Caud.

These specimens, eleven in number, agree with the type speci-
mens except that the posterior tibie are bluish in color. The
tibiz of the types may have been faded in color.

Melanoplus differentialis Thom.
Melanoplus flavidus Scudd.

OF WASHINGTON, — 165

Melanoplus herbaceus Scudd.
Melanoplus pictus Scudd.
Melanoplus yarrowtt Thom.
This species is represented by eighteen specimens, several of
which are tinged with greenish.

In a small collection of Arizona Orthoptera, made by Mr. E.
A. Schwarz some years ago, mostly in Madera canyon in the
Santa Rita Mountains; are some quite interesting forms. The
most interesting of these are here noted.

Vates sp.

An immature specimen belonging to the genus Va/es occurs
in the collection. It is too young to permit of a specific determi-
nation, but there is no doubt of its belonging to this genus,

Litaneutria spp.

In this collection occur six male specimens belonging to the
genus Lztaneutria. They evidently represent two species, but
the condition in which the species of this genus have been left by
Professor Scudder’s insufficient descriptions* makes their deter-
mination impossible without an examination of the type speci-
mens.

Ischnoptera uhleriana Sauss.

A male from Madera canyon is somewhat larger than those
commonly taken in the East, measuring 18 mm. in length of
elytra. ,

Latindia schwarzt sp. nov.

Testaceous, head brown. Thorax transversely elliptical. Elytra long,
veined as in L. delicatula. Wings hyaline with an opaque infuscated area
beyond the middle of the costal margin, at rest reaching slightly beyond
the tips of the elytra. Cerci about as long as the pronotum, curved so
strongly downwards as to almost form a circle.

Length, pronotum, 1.5 mm., elytra, 7 to8 mm., width, pronotum, 2.25
mm

Type No. 6706, U. S. National Museum.

Three male specimens from Madera canyon, Santa Rita
Mountains, collected June 8 and July 7, 1898.

This species is very closely allied to Z. delicatula, from
Guatemala, the main differences seeming to be the longer wings
and the less infuscated state of the under wings.

Myrmecophila formicarum Scudd.

Two specimens of this species were taken in Madera canyon
with Camponotus sp. This seems tobe the first published record
of any species of this genus being taken in Arizona.

*Can. Ent., XVIII, p. 209, 1896.

Be e Siplas Arpineuue Seca” A eee
ip Specimens of what I take to be this species were taken at
_ Oracle, Arizona, and also at Hot Springs, by Mr. H. S. Barber.
_ These specimens have a single straight line on the inner side of

_ the first and second segments of the antenne, and the wings are

caudate. From the original description and the later treatment
_ of the species by its author in the Biologia Centrali-Americana
there appears to be considerable variation in the length of the
wings and the markings of the antenne. There is some varia-
tion in the antennz of the specimens before me, some having

-unicolorous antenne with scarcely a mark except the straight
_ dash on the two basal segments, while others have several seg-
ments beyond the second deeply infuscated and the markings on
__ the first and second segments of variable distinctness.

CATE OF CONN TE oe BER

me : . PAGE.
Bages. RRERE Secondary. sexual characters. in R apitiers:: 104; New
} Smynthuride from the District of Columbia.....scssscteesceseceeeee, 154
-CaupELL, A. N.: Some new or unrecorded Orthoptera from Arizona, 162°
Dyar, Harrison, G.: Note on Arachnis dilecta Boisd., 943. Note on
a Californian fruit worm, 1045 Synopsis of the North American cs
~ species of Erebia, 129; Synopsis of the North American specie: se
of Brenthis, 130; The life history of a second Epiplemid, 131; oh A
Notes on Mosquitoes 1 in New Hampelise. i betas eae]! 140°
HEmeMany, O.: Remarks on Lygyrocoris constrictus Say and de-
scription of Perigenes fallax, n. ELE Ne shea pola bs titan ta agen HOE oan 155.
Howarp, L. O.: [The status of the Chaleid Pane peerage g
i CaM 5 OANA Tp Heekeos Sees bop Ue odes pho tsaditavinclobcaccee Wore au 138
_ Korinsxy, Jacos: The first North American ‘Leaf-gall Diaspine.... oe
MARLATT, Cis: Collecting Notes on Mosquitoes in oriental coun-_ ae
tries, 111; Notes on the Periodical Cicada in the District of - se pee
Columbia in 1902, 124; An early record of the Periodical veers, rae
126; A Chalcidid parasite of the Asiatic Lady-bird::.... . ..sse00 ee
_ Mrrcuett, J. D.: Observations on the habits of two Gicihaatiak. eee 108 -
hig pil CyB. Photographing nets of Hydropsyche, 935 The Log-
cabin builder (Limnephilus indivisus EO Se Bie 98 q a

7 : tg Sve
‘ - 2 a Ye ¥ .

PROCEEDINGS

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

OF

WASHINGTON.

Volume V, No. 3.

(January 8, 1903, to February 19, 1903.) :
[Issued April 6, 1903. ]

WASHINGTON, D. C.:
1903.

‘PRICE OF PROCEEDINGS AND SEPARATES.

Vol. i; complete (Nos. 1-4) cvace @vecees poe ces esrecveccesesorsesese esbeosevesererorors $3 00

Vol Ft. complete (NOEs rut sins saceadces Godsiaepr acess cesnuanteben inane seu wauis 3 00
Vole complete {Neg ert) oe air ecars ghd brag snidass dccesuicih Fexele tts Ce saceess Gp a
Vol. Vcomplete CNGOS2 3 Ad ic ccs tenedy nis anaessere SORE AR SS ee OEE Fes 23 D025
Vols. I-IV, complete........... Aeieeecasees SF Sees eps op i vests quads catenn <2. OO
MO WV NO. 1.5 ecckanan basen ieireure Peas gases Weabok ap araetad Listed Soneeacse te eeoe eoey 75
Vol Vi NOS2 *s ccaescccnn Ries eras buvantsiaen ees BWAANi eee ara ee oe Vaasa sas ss epase “hae
Vik pNOs 3 ces peeebed tas sapavpaeds strackereds Eps aiost ie sets tvaacs i, ee
COLEOPTERA—Observations on the habits of two Cicindelides.

9-143). Mitchells 9035 6 8-Os aasl, sams cgacpse as deiaduser in deere sine 05
COLLEMBOLA—New Smynthuride from the District of Colum- —

bia>: By: Nathan -Banks, < 1003%5,.2 Di. scivsesaatacvecrnadcsives sane O5

HEMIPTERA—Remarks on Ligyrocoris constrictus Say, aad de-
scription of Perigenes fallax, a new ABS By O. Heide-

MRLs LOOKS 7S GPs cas cesa cece nats ya sascns samen tacsnd Suvadmspey tanbanses 05
The first North American Leaf-gall Disses By fects Rotin-
sky. 1903.“ 2.ppaie. gece. av wiege cabedicgs wodasayh Gis ewe ecseewers <i as 05
“-LEPIDOPTERA—The life history of a becend Epiplemid ae
lizzia amorata Pack). By Harrison G. Dyar. 1903. 3pp.. O5
A‘new genus and species of Geometride. By Harrison G.
DYAar. 1903. SE PD i 5 via vsngedeicusds pugs hates stacmaspinet canvass ee conser 05
Note on the North American white-marked ap teh of Eucosma.
By Harrison G, Dyar. 1903. 2 pp.. icurkcoctea cise samnaes 05

List of Lepidoptera taken at Williams, cArieena: “By Messrs.
Schwarz and Barber. I. Papilionoidea, Sphingoidea, Bom-
bycoidea, 'Tineioidea (in part). By Harrison G. Dyar. 1903. ~

LD SPDs fia Tobadkans Salers ap Chddancle Sed PaN DELS de say 65h es ASUS amCAKA GUE bbe as vie I5
Notes on Beackbaridee Clemens’ types of Tineina. By August
BAtSCle ASI GOS: TAO PP ve ves'vancavcrasscetiaietonwataelaskesentvacastsds<ibaib 60
Dimorphism in the Codling Moth ee ee n. pai,
By August Busck. 1903. 2pp.. 5 aiidpnas aces ieaste 05
NEUROPTERA—Notes on Brach prone of ake 3. ferox group.
By Natian Banks. 1003. a pp. i: Bl sass aude saahsssgace tence sis 10
TRICHOPTERA—The log-cabin builder (Limnephilus indtvisus
Walker). By C..B. Sumpson. +1903.) 3 Pp. coisserccecs jecscceantes 05
Photographing nets of Lawes: ee Ci-B: Simpson.

1903. 3 pp., 3 figs... <daa sab Woe iubsihu chp SiadhiNebisTarinedl okeedes;io''s 05
The above will be mailed on receipt of price. Address ;
FRANK BENTON, Corresponding Secretary,

Department of Agriculture,
Washington, D. C.

OF WASHINGTON.

January 8, 1903.

The 174th regular meeting was held at the residence of Dr.
H. G. Dyar, 1512 Twenty-first street, N.\W. Dr. Dyar presided,
and Messrs. Schwarz, Benton, Kotinsky, Quaintance, Marlatt,
Heidemann, Barber, Caudell, Busck, Patten, Simpson, Hunter,
_ Hopkins, Gill, Banks, Warner, and Currie, members, and Messrs.
Hinds and Burke, visitors, were also present.

The following officers were elected for the year 1903: Presi-
dent, Mr. D. W. Coquillett; First Vice-President, Mr. Nathan
Banks; Second Vice-President, Dr. A. D. Hopkins; Recording
Secretary, Mr. Rolla P. Currie; Corresponding Secretary, Mr.
Frank Benton; Treasurer, Mr. J. D. Patten. Additional mem-
bers of the Executive Committee: Dr. H. G. Dyar, Dr. L. O.
Howard, and Mr. C. L. Marlatt.

Mr. W.E. Hinds, Field Agent in the Division of Entomology,
U.S. Department of Agriculture, was elected a corresponding
member.

The retiring President, Dr. Dyar, then delivered his annual
address, as follows:

ANNUAL ADDRESS OF THE PRESIDENT.

SOME RECENT WORK IN NORTH AMERICAN
LEPIDOPTERA.

By Harrison G. Dyar.

Ten years ago the classification of the Lepidoptera stood
essentially as in the time of Linneus. In Smith’s list of 1891
we still have the two large divisions into Rhopalocera and
Heterocera, the former corresponding to Linnzus’ Papilio, the lat-
ter to his Sphinxand Phalena. While the Sesiide and Syntomide,
placed in Sphinx by Linnzus, have been removed from that
group, they were still found immediately following it. Some
suggestions on right lines have been made from time to time,
such as that of Butler, who, many years ago, claimed a position
in the Tineids for the Sesiide; but such suggestions have not
_ been generally followed. - |

168 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

Recently it has been shown that the classification of the Lepi-
doptera must be materially changed to accord with the probable
evolution of the families and genera. Fortunately the general
order of Linnzus will not have to be greatly modified. The
transference of a few families and a division of the group called
Phalena by Linnzus will suffice. The studies of Meyrick,
Hampson, Chapman, and Tutt in England, and of Comstock,
Packard, Kellogg, Bodine, and the writer in America, have con-
verged to a common general scheme, though the details still differ
in the conception of the several authors. This general subject
is so fully discussed by Tutt (Brit. Lep., I, chapter ix, 1899) that
I will not enter upon it further, but refer to the more special
work accomplished by American students.

The last decade has seen the close of the labors of two
great students of the butterflies, S. H. Scudder and W. H.
Edwards. Dr. Scudder’s work is widely recognized as most
excellent. It is extremely full in detail and accurate, even in
points to which attention had not at the time been directed. If
we may presume to criticise this master of his study, we would
say that the chief faults are, first, the use of too small characters
in defining genera and groups, characters which are either vari-
able or not easily appreciated, together with a certain indefinite-
ness in synoptic tables which renders them difficult to use;
second, generalizations from too few known species, causing
specific characters to appear as those of higher groups.

Mr. Edwards has been first and foremost a describer of species.
He is responsible for the bulk of the specific names of North
American butterflies. That he carried his work too far and named
as species a number of forms of only varietal or racial rank is
probably true, yet it is diflicult to point out just what names
should be united. The difficulty is especially apparent in the
genus Argyznis with its great variety of forms and their almost
imperceptible differences. Mr. Edwards named everything in
this genus as a species which differed, however slightly, from his
known specimens. Nearly everyone agrees that there are too
many names, but no two will agree which names are of varietal
rank. Mr. H. J. Elwes, of England, tried to improve the names, ~
and later Mr. A. J. Snyder has attempted the same thing. Both
seem to have failed. Mr. Edwards not only published descrip-

x

OF WASHINGTON. 169

tions, but most excellent figures of his species. To this isadded
his widely known work on the larve, in which many points of
both special and general interest appear. His chief fault is that
he never correllated his work. He never published any synoptic
tables, though his work is partly systematized by his catalogue.
Neither by any one else have the North American butterflies been
properly placed together and studied. Scudder’s remarkable
work covers only the Eastern species, and G. H. French’s very
excellent little book (published in 1886) has the same range. Dr.
W. J. Holland’s ‘‘ Butterfly Book ” covers the field, but it is
adapted only for beginners, being essentially a picture-book with
lamentably meagre text. In nomenclature the greatest possible
difference exists between Scudder and Edwards. Scudder ap-
plied the rule of priority to generic names rigidly and fully and
made many genera. Edwards disregarded the law, using any
generic name that happened to be current, and made few genera.
In the future a middle course between these courses will probably
be adopted. More genera than Edwards recognized will be used,
less than Scudder recognized; while the law of priority will
have to be followed.

After Scudder and Edwards there remain but few special stu-
dents of North American butterflies. Dr. Henry Skinner has a
good collection, and he has published a paper on the genus
Cenonympha, which, if followed by others, would give a mono-
graphic treatment of our butterflies which is much needed. But
Dr. Skinner has not evinced a disposition to follow up this work
with vigor, and he has not studied the larve, a prime requisite
for a specialist in the group. Mr. Wm. Beutenmiiller has given
a good paper on the old genus Azthocharis, though he is not
specially a student of the butterflies.

In the Sphingidz almost nothing has been done in the period
we are considering. Mr, Beutenmuller has published the life
histories of some species, but his descriptions are altogether too
brief. Dr. Packard has given us a few life histories and pointed
out the good field awaiting the student who would study our
larve on the lines laid down by Weismann and Poulton; but no
one has seriously attempted this.

In the Saturnians scarcely more has been done than in the
Sphingide. Mr. Neumoegen and the writer ‘‘ revised” the

170 y ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

group, Grote has published a work in Germany which refers to
American species, and Packard has published on the larve, giv-
ing details of their peculiar structure and armature. He is still
at work on the Saturnians, as a continuation of his monumental
work on the ‘+ Bombycine Moths,” of which the Notodontide
formed the first part, so that the next few years will probably see
a great advance in this group. The title of Dr. Packard’s work
reminds us that we wish it were founded on a better system of
classification. Packard’s own system is open to criticism, viewed
either from a venational, pupal, larval, or oval standpoint, and
we regret to have such an excellent and comprehensive work
proceed on a somewhat uncritical foundation.

Sir George Hampson, of England, in his studies on moths, and
especially in the ‘* Lepidoptera Phalene,” the series of mono-
graphs of the world fauna being published by the British Museum,
incidentally treats of American species. We think his work the
best of its kind that we have studied. It suffers a little from haste,
more especially in his earlier papers, and from the use of charac-
ters which are subject to variation, especially the smaller differ-
ences in venation. In using his book to determine Syntomide
we have been occasionally misled, even so far as to make syn-
onyms, owing to these defects.

The last ten years of American entomology have been nearly
uninfluenced by the personality of Mr. A. R. Grote. Since he
took up his residence abroad he has been unable to contribute
much to our subject. Formerly the leading student of North
American Noctuide he has lately turned his attention to more
general studies. How much we have lost in the expatriation of
this able man, with his clear and concise statements and his almost
intuitive perception of specific characters, it is hard to say. His
place has been taken by Dr. John B. Smith, a patient, careful
man, who has given lengthy descriptions of numerous new species,
. usually accompanied by synoptic tables and a revision of the
group to which they belong. Weare fortunate to have this work
done in so capable a manner. Yet two tendencies in the work
may be criticised. The descriptions are often vague from the very
effort at completeness, and this vagueness is increased by the too
discursive character of the introductory remarks accompanying
the revisions of groups. The synoptic tables seem somewhat

OF WASHINGTON. 171

overdone. I would not say that the characters used are some-
times imaginary, yet they verge upon this definition. Certainly
it is at times difficult for the general student to appreciate them
when he has the specimens before him. As written they always
seem to present good contrasts. Dr. Smith has not cultivated a
knowledge of larval forms, and his work is not checked by breed-
ing. This renders his idea of a species the more likely to become
mechanical and lead him to describe as species forms not entitled
to that rank.

The Notodontide have been ably monographed and the result
beautifully published, at Government expense, by Dr. A. S.
Packard, a world-renowned zoologist. Dr. Packard has treated
his subject in the broadest possible manner, making great gen-
eralizations and deducing philosophical arguments from his study
of these moths. The work is in general commendable, though
we have ventured to pick some small faults. We cannot but
regard it as a pity that Dr. Packard should waste his philosophi-
cal arguments in trying to prove the transmission of acquired
characters and the direct effect of the environment on structure.
This seems to us so much lost labor. For practical use his
monograph suffers from the weakness of the synoptic tables, as
we have had occasion to remark (Can. Ent., xxviii, 189, 1896).
Somehow Dr. Packard seems never to become personally ac-
quainted with the species of which he treats, if I may use such a
term. This may be due to lack of time or to too equal reliance
on information furnished by persons of varying responsibility ;
but, whatever the cause, it leads him to be able to commit such
errors as describing the same larva as that of two different moths
and never detecting the incongruity.

Dr. Packard’s early studies on Geometride hardly come within
the range of our present view. His successor has been Dr. Geo.
D. Hulst. Dr. Hulst has published many new species and
genera, and has revised the family with full generic tables. His
work, undoubtedly brilliant in certain respects, is seriously marred
by his habitual carelessness. Nothing that Hulst has done can
be absolutely relied upon, for fear that a thing, apparently most
evident, may be found to be vitiated by some blunder that he
knew much better than to commit. It is a pity that his types are
not with some student able and willing to go over and verify his

172 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

work. Once verified, it would become thoroughly valuable.
Dr. Hulst favored the use of secondary sexual characters, and he
not only employed them in generic definition, but used them as
prime characters in his synoptic tables. This is an inconveni-
ence in practice, for a species cannot be named unless both sexes”
are at hand in the material for determination, which is often not
the case. However, this did not prevent Dr. Hulst from found-
ing new generaon a female specimen only. He simply supplied
the missing male characters from his fertile imagination (e. 2.
genus Pterotea, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., xxiii, 349, 1896). Yet
in spite of defects, Dr. Hulst is badly missed, for he leaves no
successor in the study of the Geometride.

In regard to the higher Tineids, the Pyralids have received
very little attention. We have had no student devoting himself
to them asa specialty. Fortunately Dr. C. H. Fernald is now
engaged in this study, though his work is as yet unpublished.
Dr. Hulst published sundry new species in the Phycitine. His
article on this group was published in 1890, and hardly comes
within our view. It has been followed by the first part of Ra-
gonot’s great work, published in the Romanoff Memoirs, which
includes the Phycitine of the world. Wehave not studied the
subject enough to be able to criticise thisbook. The Crambine and
Pterophoride have been acceptably treated by Dr. Fernald in small
separate publications. . We do not like the use of a series of
alternatives based on shades of color, as in the separation of the
species of the genus Pterophorus. But in general the work
serves admirably for the purposes of determination. The Tor-
tricide have remained practically untouched for ten years, only
certain new species having been described. In the Tineids,
-Lord Walsingham’s work on the North American species .has
gradually ceased. His work is so excellent that it may well
serve as a model to our future workers, both in its careful accu-
racy and its conservatism. With its cessation there seemed at
first no successor, but lately three men have taken up the sub-
ject, Dr. W. G. Dietz, Mr. W. D. Kearfott and Mr. August
Busck. Their work is as yet too small in quantity for much
criticism, but seems to have been begun rightly. We fear that
Dr. Dietz has a tendency to make species on too small charac-
ters, judging by his Pgrztéa paper. Mr. Kearfott, too, has

OF WASHINGTON. | EES

shown something of the same tendency in his first paper. The next
few years will certainly show marked advances in our knowledge
of the Tineids.

This review indicates that we need certain work in the im-
mediate future. A monograph of the Butterflies with practicable
sypnotic tables, critically revising both genera and species ; com-
prehensive work on the larve of the Sphingide ; studies on the
larve of the Noctuids ‘to supplement Dr. Smith’s work on the
adults, which should be continued; a review of Dr. Hulst’s
work on the Geometridae, which might most profitably take the
form of a monograph, giving practicable sypnotic tables to spe-
cies to supplement Dr. Hulst’s generic ones; determinative
tables for Tortricide, both generic and specific. Dr. Fernald
ought not to delay the preparation of such a badly needed paper ;
continued descriptions of new species of Tineids to make the
extent of our fauna known to us. We hope to see these subjects
soon taken up. i

At the conclusion the society offered Dr. Dyar a vote of thanks
for his address. The address was discussed by Messrs. Schwarz,
Banks, Gill and Marlatt.

—Mr. Banks then presented the following paper:

NOTES ON BRACHYNEMURI OF THE B. FEROX GROUP.
(PLATE III.)

By NatHan Banks.

In examining some recent additions to my collection of Myr-
meleonide, I was struck more forcibly than ever before with the
constancy in size and shape of the male appendages. Various
species are now known to me from a considerable number of locali-
ties, yet there is no distinct variation in the general appearance
of these appendages. Therefore it seems that they are of con-
siderable importance in the separation of species. Inthe B. ferox
group I have had various specimens that differed from the known
forms very slightly in colorational points but prominently. in the
appendages ; therefore I believe these forms are distinct species.

174 , ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

Two are from the United States, a third is from Baja California,
and was formerly considered B. peregrinus, but is very distinct
from that species. The following table will separate these allied
forms :

1. Superior appendages very long and slender, more than one-half the
length..of: last abdominal SeQment...oiic since secnnseids icecaeusaiacvecmee-sbuas 2
Superior appendages much shorter, scarcely as long or shorter than
one-half the last abdominal segment i..s..scces casks setae des «sceasd estan 4

2. Superior appendages as long as last abdominal segment, yellowish,
apical abdominal segments without pale marks...........B. carrizonus.
Superior appendages shorter than the segment, often blackish. ...... 3

3. Superior appendages plainly shorter than last abdominal segment; api-

cal abdominal segments without pale marks...........0...04 B. assimilis.
Superior appendages nearly as long as segment, black, abdomen spotted
With pale throughout oii. ctv eiccses ces [occee tavanesacaneconses B. dissimilis.

4. Cubitus heavily marked with black; pronotal stripes connected in front;
femora black above; superior appendages black............ sss B. ferox.
Cubitus not heavily marked with black; thoracic stripes not connected

WA FOE: MINCE SOCIO vig 5 ies is dint Ktasken re'ciresuneea es nae balan Gee antes poe 5

5. Femora thickly dotted with black; superior appendages blackish; ver-
LOS TOL WILD TOOK DOM: ic cavcnces t tacdee Gavi h honed cnc veaedospreaiicwees B. texanus.
Femora wholly pale; superior appendages yellowish; vertex with four
DUBCK GOES fi asic jpasnd vis cao cadpuai ve sun pheued thesas sis irs » cenken Sunes B. 4-punctatus.

Brachynemurus assimilis, n. sp. :
Face yellow, a transverse black spot from eye to eye, including bases
of antenne, and limited above by a curved black band, the lower margin
pointed in the middle; vertex pale, with a brown band, interrupted in the
middle and not reaching the eyes. Prothorax yellowish, with four black
stripes at subequal distances apart and all reaching anterior margin, the
pair each side sometimes connected in front; lower margin with black
stripe. Palpi tipped with black; antenne brown, quite long. Rest of
thorax lineate and maculate with black, two stripes on meso- and metascu-
tellum. Legs pale, more or less heavily spotted with black, the tips of the
tibizw and tarsi black. Abdomen pale at base, lineate with black, beyond
middle black. Wings hyaline, venation interrupted black and white;
pterostigma pale, with a basal brown spot; the cubitus quite heavily
marked with brown (but not so much asin B. ferox). The abdomen of
the male is very long, longer than in allied species, the superior appen-
dages very long and slender, about as long as in B. carrtzonus, but the
last abdominal segment is very much longer than the appendages.
Length , 57 mm.; 2, 34 mm.

Four specimens from Tehama, California, August (Morse),
and from Oregon. Closely allied to B. carrizonus, but differs

OF WASHINGTON, 175

by the greater length of the male abdomen, and also by the shape
of the inter-antennal mark, which is not plainly transversely
divided above antennae, and is pointed on the median line below.

Brachynemurus carrizonus Hagen.

All my specimens (15) have the appendages as Hagen describes
them, about as long as the last abdominal segment. ‘The inter-
antennal mark is transversely divided above the antenne, and the
lower margin is not pointed on median line.

Brachynemurus ferox Walker.

B. peregrinus Hagen.

I have compared the descriptions of Walker and Hagen with
specimens from California, Oregon, Washington, Nevada, and
Arizona, and think there cannot be the slightest doubt of the
synonymy.

Brachynemurus dissimilis, n. sp.

Face pale yellow, a transverse black spot from eye to eye extending more
below antennal bases than in B. assimilis or B. carrfzonus, above cut off
by a pale band from the curved black band on front margin of vertex; lat-
ter with a dot and line each side; palpi tipped with black; antenne long,
brown; prothorax with four black stripes and side margins black, not con-
nected in front; rest of thorax marked with black, two stripes on meso-
and metascutellum. Legs pale, lightly dotted with black, and the tibiz
and tarsi black-tipped; legs more slender than in allied forms. Abdomen
pale at base, lineate with black, beyond middle black, but with a distinct
yellow spot on posterior margin of each segment on each side in both
sexes. Wings marked as in allied forms, the cubital marks not very heavy.
Abdomen long and slender, the last segment, however, not as long as in
B. assimilis, the superior appendages long and slender, black, and curved
toward each other, plainly a little shorter than last abdominal segment.

Length, 3, 39 mm.; 2, 25 mm.

Habitat, San José del Cabo, Baja California. This is the
species that I had previously considered B. peregrinus in my
paper on the Neuroptera of Baja California.

Brachynemurus texanus, n. sp.
Face yellowish, a transverse inter-antennal mark, concave on lower

margin, separated by a yellow band from the black band on front margin
of vertex; the latter with a triangular mark each side; palpi tipped with
black; antennz pale brown. Prothorax with four black lines, somewhat
broken in male; rest of thorax maculate with brown, two stripes on meso-
and metascutellum; legs heavily dotted with black, tibiz and tarsi tipped
with same. Wings marked as in allied species. Abdomen pale at base,
lineate with black, black beyond middle, but with pale spots on the pos-

176 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

terior margin of some of the segments. Last abdominal segment of male
quite long; the superior appendages short, divaricate, black, not half the
length of the segment.

Length, , 33 mm.; 9, 25 mm.

One pair from Laredo, Texas, August (McClendon).

Brachynemurus 4-punctatus Currie.

This species is very constant in markings, as Mr. Currie has
already noted; however, I think it is closely allied to the other
species by the structure and general plan of markings.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE III.

1. Brachynemurus assimilis, inter-antennal mark and superior
appendage of male.

2. Brachynemurus carrizonus, inter-antennal lads and su-
perior appendage of male.

3: Brachynemurus dissimilis, inter-antennal mark and su-
perior appendage of male.

4. Brachynemurus ferox, pronotal marks and superior ap-
pendage of male.

5. Brachynemurus texanus, pronotal marks.

6. Brachynemurus texanus, superior appendage of male.

4. Brachynemurus 4-punctatus, superior appendage of male.

The paper was discussed briefly by Mr. Currie. He men-
tioned the fact that many species which differ widely in other
respects often have very similar anal appendages and, véce versa,
there are some species which resemble each other very closely
except as regards the appendages. He said that, according to
his own observations, there is considerable individual variation,
in some species, both in the length and shape of the inter-antennal
marking. Mr. Banks replied that, though there is some varia-
tion in length, he has found the shape fairly constant in the
species he has studied. The paper was further discussed by
Messrs. Schwarz and Gill. |

FEBRUARY 19, 1903.

The 175th regular meeting was held at the residence of Mr.
John D. Patten, 2212 R street N.W. In the absence of the

177

OF WASHINGTON,

—

PLaTE III.

17s ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY ;

President and both Vice-Presidents, Mr. Patten presided, and
there were also present Messrs. Gill, Marlatt, Benton, Currie, War-
ner, Barber, Doolittle, Simpson, Dyar, Kotinsky, Howard, Pol-
lard and Ashmead.

Mr. Ashmead was elected Vice-President of the Washington
Academy of Sciences for the Entomological Society.

Mr. Ashmead exhibited both sexes of two species of wasps
from Chile, from the collection of Mr. E. C. Reed. The first
was labeled Agenia xanthopus Spinola. Both male and female
possess very short wings. This species is a synonym of Pom-
pilus gravestt Haliday and will fall into the genus Sphzctostethus
of Kohl. The other species shown was Coszla chilensis Spinola,
the type of Mr. Ashmead’s family Cosilide. Mr. Ashmead
pointed out that the genus Cosz/a could not belong to the Scoliide
on account of important differences in venation, and because the
hypopygium of the male is unarmed.

—Dr. Dyar exhibited specimens of a new genus and species of
Geometride, and presented descriptions as follows:

A NEW GENUS AND SPECIES OF GEOMETRIDZ.
ee de By Harrison G. Dyar.

Hulstina, n. gen. .
Male antenne bipectinate, the peniiations shortening at the apex, the

last three or four small joints without pectinations, but no distinct bare
tip; of female short, serrate. Wings without perceptible fovea below in
either sex; hind tibie of male not enlarged, without hair pencil; two
pairs of spurs. Palpi ‘short, scaled, tongue obsolete, front smooth.
Thorax and abdomen smooth, scaled, tip of male abdomen slightly tufted,
Venation as described by Hulst for -4¢halodes, with which this seems to
coincide, but the name -#¢halodes is a homonym, having been used by
Krieschbaumer in 1890, as pointed out to me by Professor Cockerell.

Hulstina terlineata, n. sp.
Resembles A/c7s obliguarta Grt., but is even more like Cleora formo-

sata Hulst, as identified for me by Dr. Hulst; but that species has a dis-
tinct tongue.

Whitish gray, sprinkled with black; abdominal segments edged with
white behind. T. a. line black, oblique, preceded by a light brown band,
not reaching costa. ‘Median line faint, oblique, present only on the inner
. half of the wing in the restricted median space; a small black discal dot.
T. p. line black, oblique, curved a little, from the middle of the inner
margin to the outer fourth of costa, which it does not quite attain; edged

OF WASHINGTON. 179

without bya light brown band. Terminal space darker, containing a
white, powdery, scarcely dentate, subterminal line. Margin narrowly
black; fringe white with two black lines. Hind wings gray without
‘basal markings, or a trace of a line across the obscure discal dot; three
faint parallel dark lines outwardly, the center one brownish, the others
dark gray; fringe as on fore wing, the margin slighly scalloped. Beneath
uniformly pale gray with trace of discal dot and common mesial line.
Expanse 22 to 25 mm.

Type.—No. 6735, U.S. National Museum.
Five specimens, Stockton, Utah (O. C. Poling), July 1 and 30,
1902.

—Dr. Dyar presented for publication the following synoptic
table and description of a new species:

NOTE ON THE NORTH AMERICAN WHITE-MARKED SPE-
CIES OF EUCOSMA.

By Harrison G. Dyar.

The North American species of the Tortricid genus Hucosma
(Pedisca) which-have conspicuous silvery white spots, may be
separated as follows:

Markings of fore wing transverse, the spottings as broad as long or —

more so.
A median transverse white band.
Basal spot followed by an dual bar .... . a baka bdatdse robinsonana Grt. * |
Without. tN16 DAL i ices Ss sss shi dndy sc pewenbebes stoned nee guinguemaculana Robs. G
No median transverse band..........scscssssscescseoees .....adamantana Guen. ~
Markings longitudinal or oblique.
Without a serpentine band on the disk.
Median bar unbroken from base to margin.........+00 crambitana Wals.
Median bar not unbroken.
Median bar reaching middle of wing.
Wings marked with broad spots.
Spots distinct, silvered, sharp edged .... ...... ridingsana Robs.*
fernaldana Grt.~
Spots diffused, white, ill defined.........cce... scene morrtsont Wals.
Wings marked with narrow silver streaks......... argenteana Wals,\~
Median bar absent; markings Oblique........seeee evens ragonott Wals. w

With a serpentine white bar on disk.
This bar on center of wing, forming a continuation of basal streak.
A white spot on internal margin.
Serpentine bar separated from base, often joining
FOSETNGL TORT EIN 5 ocd ison cc haseny odode kinase tenses bolanderana Wals.

vA

180 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

Serpentine bar joined to base ..ccssccccescesseecees seeees agasstztt Robs.”
A long bar on internal margin............0. cesses eeee gilletteana Dyar.”

This bar on lower median field.
Bar from internal margin near base returning to

MACRiN NEAT QAE MOGI cs cise es sce ash caceys vedeos serpentana Wals. "
Bar along median fold to near anal angle, then up-
ward along outer margin to near apex..........0. optimana Dyar.”

I fail to find any character in the description to separate fer-
naldana Grt. from ridingsana Robs. On the other hand,
robinsonana Grt. and guinguemaculana Robs., united by Prof.
Fernald, seem separable, though I have no specimens corre-
sponding to the figure of the latter.

My seven specimens of ragonofz Wals., all from Glenwood
Springs, Colo. (Dr. Barnes), have the two basal spots united into
a solid, somewhat dumbbell-shaped bar. This may be called
var. barnesiana.

Eucosma optimana n. sp.

Of the size of crambitana. Light brown, head and patagia nearly
white. Fore wing with silvery white marks as follows: A basal costal
spot (absent in the male, owing tothe costal fold); a long middle costal
dash, obsoletely broken and at the end reaching down in an oblique bar
enclosing a little spot of ground color on costa; a litile spot beyond and
an oblique bar just before apex, reversed in direction to the first oblique
bar; median bar reaching two-thirds of wing from base, constricted cen-
trally, roundedly lanceolate; beyond it a short, oblique bar on disk, below
and opposite to the first costal bar; a long streak on submedian fold, be-
ginning one-fourth from base, rounding up at anal angle parallel to outer
margin almost to apex; a long bar above inner margin, the margin itself
brown ; a small basal spot below the median bar. Hind wing pale brown-
ish, fringe lighter. Expanse 31 mm.

Zype.—No. 6744, U.S. National Museum.
&%, Glenwood Springs, Colorado, October 1-7 (Dr. William
Barnes); 2, Eagle Co., Colorado (Prof. T. D. A. Cockerell).

~Dr. Dyar showed also Volume VI1, Number 1, of ‘‘ The
Insect World,” the entomological magazine published in Japa-
nese by Y. Nawa, which contains a colored plate of a moth and
larva parasitic upon Fulgoride. He said that this was of special
interest in connection with the species found by Messrs. Schwarz
and Barber in New Mexico, and which has recently been described
before this Society as Hp7zpyrops barbertana. Mr. Nawa’s moth

OF WASHINGTON. 181

is obviously an HAcpyrops, though no specific name seems to be
mentioned. Mr. Nawa might appropriately name it, as it is
probably undescribed. The plate is discussed in three pages of
Japanese with explanation of the figures on page 4, and there is
a two-page account in English by Mr. U. Nawa at the end of the
magazine. The question of the food of the Afzpyrops larve
seems to be still not clear. Prof. Westwood conjectured that it
was the white secretion of the Fulgorids, but Mr. Nawa’s account
does not seem to support this view. The latter states that the
larvee secrete a white covering and that they even cause the host
to be visible at a distance by this when there are several of them
on one host. Dr. Dyar thought it did not seem reasonable that
larve should secrete a substance similar to their own food.
Besides, there is but very little of this pruinose matter on the
Cicada-like host, certainly not enough to support several larve,
it would seem. Mr. Heidemann had shown him specimens of
the host. Might not the &pzpyrops larve be true parasites after
all?

—Mr. Simpson exhibited a micro-photograph of sections of
the eversible gland of the larva of the Io Moth (Automer?s zo
Fabricius). He stated that, in exceptional specimens, this gland
was missing.

—The introduction to the following paper, presented by Mr.
Busck, was then read by Dr. Dyar, in the absence of the author :

NOTES ON BRACKENRIDGE CLEMENS’ TYPES OF TINEINA.*
By Aucust Buscx.

Although a few stray species of American Tineina were de-
scribed before 1859, that year really marks the beginning of the
study of these insects in this country. During that and the fol-
lowing four years the late Dr. Brackenridge Clemens, a practising
physician of Easton, Pa., published a series of systematic and
biological articles, which yet remain the most important contribu-
tion to our knowledge of American Tineina. These papers con-
tain descriptions of 31 new genera and of about 200 new species
together with notes on larval habits of many of them.

* The following new names are proposed in this article: Lthocolletzs
hamameliella, new species (p. 189); Brackenridgia, new genus (p. 193);
Greya, new genus (p. 194). There are also original descriptions of the
following larve: S¢zlboszs tesguella Clemens (p. 202); Cryptolechia obso-
letella Zeller (p. 206).

182 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

Types of all these species were deposited by Dr. Clemens in
the collection of the Academy of Natural Sciences in Philadel-
phia. There they were studied in 1872 by Lord Walsingham,
and some years later, according to information obtained through
Miss Mary Murtfeldt, by Mr. V. T. Chambers, who, however,
did not seem to have more appreciation of these types than he
had of his own, and he only went over them in the hastiest man-
ner. Finally they were studied in 1881 by Prof. C. H. Fernald.
There is also evidence that Dr. C. V. Riley was acquainted with
at least a part of them.

Prof. Fernald has kindly given me his recollections about
Clemens’ types in 1881. They were then just as received from
Clemens, pinned with the short English brass pins on small pieces
of cork glued to the glass in old-fashioned insect boxes, each cork
bearing a number corresponding to a list in Clemens’ handwrit-
ing.

On account of the unsafe condition of the glass boxes these
types were later transferred by Mr. E. T. Cresson and Dr. Henry
Skinner to a large double box, and each specimen was labeled
with the number found on the cork. A statement to this effect is
found in Cresson’s handwriting on part of Clemens’ list, yet in
existence.

Since then the types of this pioneer worker in this group of
insects have remained in oblivion, partly because no one took an
active interest in the study of Tineina and partly because the speci-
mens, to the uninitiated, did not give the impression of much
importance, bearing no labels to indicate their true value, while
the box to which they had been transferred contained a number
of other moths of no importance and was stored away and subse-
quently overlooked and forgotten.

During a visit of the writer to the Academy in the spring of

1900, this box was not in evidence in spite of careful search and
repeated inquiries. All that was found was a part of Clemens’
list of his types, with Cresson’s note about the disposition of
them. One box, it is true, was there, which contained some
specimens undoubtedly pinned by Clemens, but careful study soon
revealed that only a small part of the insects were truly Clemens’
own specimens, and that even those could not with any reason-
able certainty be regarded as his original types. At most they
only represented an insignificant proportion of his species.
* Thus the collection of the types left by the founder of the study
of American Tineina was given up as lost, and Clemens’ descrip-
tion alone had to be relied upon for the identification of his
species. The great majority of them have been identified with
certainty from that source alone—a fact which speaks highly of
the carefulness of Clemens’ work. Still quite a number remained
unknown to the present active workers, and some of them there
was little hope of ever identifying with certainty.

OF WASHINGTON. ~ ‘183

Great, therefore, was the writer’s delight when, on a short
visit to the Academy last fall, he opened an old-fashioned double
box, which had turned up in the interval between his visits, and
found one side filled with what, he at once realized, was the
nearly complete set of Clemens’ original types.

Pinned as they were on the short English pins, many of them
touched the cork with their wings and several were consequently
more or less damaged; but considering their old age and their
precarious method of preservation in a box which was neither
dust nor insect proof, it is rather remarkable that they had not all
been destroyed. However, all were in recognizable and useful
condition, and some of them in a perfect state of preservation.

On this visit the writer was unable, from lack of time, to do
more than merely satisfy himself of the genuineness of this col-
lection of types: but shortly afterwards he had the opportunity,
through the liberality of the U.S. Department of Agriculture,
and on the invitation of the Academy in Philadelphia, to spend
twe weeks in the study and resurrection of this important collec-
tion, which he regards it a privilege to have been able to restore
to the dignity due the founder of this branch of science in this
country. :

That these specimens truly are Clemens’ authentic types is
proven by Cresson’s statement and by the list in Clemens’ own
hand, corresponding to the numbers on the specimens. It is
further verified by several instances, where Clemens, in his de-
scription, mentions accidental peculiarities of the specimens before
him, which are found to be present in the corresponding type.

The numbers on the first 124 specimens correspond, with a
few easily explained exceptions, with the chronological order of
Clemens’ descriptions, and these were found in the same order in
Clemens’ handwritten list. The numbers on the rest of the types
were seemingly without order and many intervals occur. On
the whole, however, these also were found to correspond rela-
tively to the chronological order, and the intervals can be ac-
counted for by intervening types of other groups, though several
unexplainable deviations occur. By careful verification of each
species through the description it was not difficult for one some-
what familiar with the different forms to apply each type to its
proper name, taking as starting points species already well known :
and working forwards or backwards according to the numbers.

The studies resulted in the identification of the types of all but
eight of Clemens’ 200 species. Five of these eight have been
identified with certainty from Clemens’ descriptions, leaving only
three species unknown at present. ,

The types are now properly mounted on small corks pinned
with stout pins in four Schmitt boxes. They can now be taken
out and examined without unnecessary risk to the specimens, and
each of them is correctly labeled.

184 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

The following are detailed statements of the number and con-
ditions of these types, together with such notes on their syste-
matic position and synonomy as are possible without mono-
graphic studies of all the families. When such studies are under-
taken additional changes will probably be found necessary.

A serious drawback to the value of Clemens’ descriptions was
his failure to give the size of his specimenor the locality. In the
following notes the writer has given alar expanse of all the species
according to the measure of the type specimen, as well as the
locality of all those species of which he has seen other material.

For several reasons it is found most convenient to treat the
species chronologically in the order in which they are found in
Stainton’s edition of Clemens’ North American Tineina.

Tinea biflavimaculella Clemens.

One perfect type, Clemens’ No. 1; alar exp., 16.5 mm.

Stainton, who received two specimens of this species from
‘Clemens, wrote in a foot-note in Clemens’ Tineina of North
America: ‘* It appears to be almost identical with the European
Tinea rusticella, var. spilotelia Tengstrom,” and Zeller* made
it a synonym of this species. Lord Walsingham corrected this +
and I| have no hesitation, after comparing a ‘good series of dzfla-
vimaculella with authentic European specimens of rusticedla,
in agreeing with him that Clemens’ species is quite distinct.
Walsingham established in the same paper the synonymy with
Walker’s 7inea tnsignella.t

Biflavimaculella belongs to the genus AZonofis, Hiibner. A
specimen compared with Clemens’ type is in the U. S. National
Mueum.

Tinea dorsistrigella Clemens.

Two perfect types, Clemens’ No. 2; alar exp., 14.5 mm.

This is, as Stainton suggested (Tin. N. Am., p. 50, 1872), a good
species, near, but quite distinct from, the European ferruginella
Hiibner. Walsingham has established its synonymy with 77zea
subjunctella Walker. Clemens’ types are larger than average
specimens of this common species, of which a good series is
found in the U. S. National Museum.

The writer has bred this species from larvae eaing | in a bird’s
nest. It belongs in the.genus /omopzs Hiibner.

Tinea crocicapitella Clemens.

One perfect type, Clemens’ No. 3; alar exp., 14 mm.

Lord Walsingham made this species a synonym of the European
ferruginella Hiibner, and it has been retained as such in Riley’s

* Verh. k. k. zool.-bot. Gesell. Wien., xxiii, p. 220, 1873.
+t Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., x, p. 170, 1882.
t Cat. Lep. Het. Brit. Mus., xxviii, p. 471, 1863.

OF WASHINGTON. 185

list and subsequently. This is an error; Sferruginella is inter-
mediate between the two American species, dorsistrigella
Clemens and the present species, and it is quite as near the for-
mer as the latter. Cvrocicapztella is very distinct and shows no
variation towards the European form, differing in the lighter and
dulfer, more brownish ground color, in the darker head and
thorax, and especially in the absence of white scaling on the
costal edge above the transparent discal spot.. It also lacks the
small, sharp, light costal streaks found towards the apex in
ferruginella.

Tinea carnariella Clemens.

One type, the wings on left side absent ; otherwise in good con-
dition. Clemens’ No. 4; alar exp., 18 mm.

From the description of this species, or probably more from
the habits of the larva, Stainton surmised that it might be the
cosmopolitan 77zea pellionella Linn.* But several discrepan-
cies in the description intimated that he was wrong in this assump-
tion, and Clemens’ type now proves that it is quite a different
species. It isa true Z¢zea. No other specimen exactly. like the

type is at present known to the writer.

The condition of this specimen—lacking the wings on one
side—is characteristic of many of Clemens’ types and is explained
by the note in his letter of June 23, 1560, to Stainton, published
by the latter in his edition of Clemens’ papers (p. 36): ‘* I cannot
promise, however, to send specimens of all the Tineina I have
described, for frequently the descriptions have been drawn from
a single specimen, which has been deprived of one pair of wings ”
[evidently for the purpose of structural studies].

Tinea lanariella Clemens.

One type in good condition, Clemens’ No. 5 ; alar exp., 14 mm.
As determined by Stainton, who received four specimens of this
species from Clemens, it is the same as the cosmopolitan 77xeola
biselltella Hummel, and must be known under that name. Com:-
pared specimens are in the U. S. National Museum.

Tinea nubilipennella Clemens.

One type, somewhat rubbed but easily recognizable, Clemens’
No. 6; alar exp., 15 mm.

As determined by Stainton, this species is identical with the
European Zznxea fuscipunctella Haworth. I have examined
the types of Gicophora frigtdella Packard, from Labrador, now
in the Museum of Comparative Zoology in Cambridge, Mass.,
and concur with Lord Walsingham’s opinion that they represent

*Tin. N. Am.,; p. 51, 1872:

186 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOOQIETY

_ the same species.* A large series compared with Clemens’ type
is in the U. S. National Museum.

The writer has bred this species repeatedly from the nests of
tame pigeons at Washington, D. C.

Tinea variatella Clemens.

One type in poor condition, with head and left fore wing miss-
ing. Clemens’ No. 7; alar exp., 12.5 mm.

Probably the same as the European 7vzea granella Linn., as
suggested by Stainton.

Xylesthia pruniramiella Clemens.

_ Two types, with head missing in both; otherwise in good
condition. Clemens’ No. 8; alar exp., 12 and 14.5 mm. I
have examined Chambers’ type of AXylesthia clemensellat in
the Museum of Comparative Zoology in Cambridge, and
Zeller’s specimen of Xylesthia congeminatella,t and I am con-
vinced that these species are identical and the same as Clemens’
species. I have collected a large series around Washington, and
in Kentucky and Missouri. The differences which Zeller and
Chambers found in comparison with Clemens’ description are
simply due to the different state of preservation of their speci-
mens. The delicately loose-scaled fore wings of this species are
éxceedingly easily injured by handling and then present quite a
changed appearance.

Compared specimens are in U. S. National Museum.

Amydria effrenatella Clemens.

One type, the abdomen missing, otherwise perfect. Clemens’
No. 9; alar exp., 27 mm.

This type agrees with our preconceived conception of the spe-
cies derived from Clemens’ description. Compared specimens
are in U. S. National Museum from the Atlantic Coast region.
Stainton, who had a specimen of this species from Clemens, sug-
gested that the genus was the same as Euplocamus, Latreille ;
but, as pointed out by Clemens himself, it differs in possessing
well developed maxillary palpi.

Anaphora plumifrontella Clemens.
~ One somewhat rubbed type, Clemens’ No. 10; alar exp., 33
mm.

This type verifies the present conception of the species, as de-
fined by Walsingham, with domdéyczna Zeller assynonym. It be-
longs to the genus Acrolophus Poey. A large series, collected

* Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., x, p. 171, 1882.
+ Can. Ent., v, p. 174, 1873.
t Verh. k. k., zool.-bot. Gesell. Wien., xxiii, p. 218, 1873.

OF WASHINGTON. 187

at light by the writer at Washington, D. C., and compared with
Clemens’ type, is in the U. S. National Museum.

Anaphora popeanella Clemens.

Two types, both rubbed, one unspread ind without abdomen ;
the other spread, and lacking the head and left wings. Clemens’
No. 11; alar exp., 28 mm.

Like the present conception of Axaphora popeanella, as de-
termined by Walsingham and synonymous with scardzna Zeller,
and with agrotzpennella Grote. A specimen compared with the
type is in the U. S. National Museum.

Habitat: Eastern United States.

Anaphora arcanella Clemens.

One type, without abdomen but otherwise in good condition,
Clemens’ No. 12; alarexp., 29 mm.

This species was transferred to the new genus Pseudoanaphora
by Lord Walsingham. A specimen compared with the type is
in the U. S. National Museum.

Habitat: Eastern United States.

_Lithocolletis lucidicostella Clemens.

Two types, one perfect, the other without abdomen and hind
wings. Clemens’ No. 13, alar exp.. 7.5 mm.

Specimens bred from the underside of leaf of sugar maple and
agreeing with the type are in the U. S. National Museum.

In Riley’s List this species is by mistake printed /udicosted/a.

Lithocolletis robiniella Clemens.

One type, right fore wing missing, Clemens’ No. 14; alar
exp., 6 mm.

This type is not in very good condition, but is easily recognized
as the well known Rodczia feeder, common in theeastern States,
and synonymous with the earlier described Argyromiges psuedo-
acaciella Fitch, but supplanting this preoccupied name.

The similar species which Clemens bred from Amphicarpea
monoica and which he believed to be rodbinzella is Lithocolletis
morrtsella Fitch.

Lithocolletis desmodiella Clemens.

Three types, Clemens’ No. 15; alar exp., 4.5 mm.

These types represent our common smallest species of Zztho-
colletts, which is the same as thatsubsequently described by Miss
Murtfeldt as gregarzella, as shown by Lord Walsingham.

Habitat: Eastern United States.

Lithocolletis zriferella Clemens.
One perfect type, Clemens’ No. 16; slay’ exp., 7.5 mm.
Specimens bred from the underside of oak leaves and com-
pared with Clemens’ type are in the U. S. National Museum.
Habitat: Eastern United States.

188 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

Lithocolletis basistrigella Clemens.

One type in good condition, Clemens’ No. 173 alar exp.,
S mm. 7
. Bred specimens of this well marked species, compared with
the type, are in the U.S. National Museum. The larva makes
a mine on the underside of oak leaves. The species is synony-
mous with the later described Lzthocolletis intermedia Frey and
Boll.

Lithocolletis argentifimbriella Clemens.

One perfect type, Clemens’ No. 18; alar exp., 7.5 mm.

Bred specimens, compared with the type of this well known
species, are in U. S. National Museum. Lord Walsingham has
shown the synonymy with Chambers’ Lzthocolletis fuscocostella.

Lithocolletis obscuricostella Clemens.

One type, with right fore wing missing, otherwise in good
condition. Clemens’ No. 19; alar exp., 6 mm.

Clemens rightly gave weight (by italicising) to the peculiar colo-
ration of the abdomen; but his description, ‘* Black, tipped
freely with yellow,” is unfortunate. He meant that the base of
the abdomen is black and the larger posterior portion is yellow.
The underside is silvery. I have seen no specimen exactly like
this type, but the species should be easily rediscovered through
knowledge of the food-plant Ostrya virginica.

(Chambers has himself* established the synonymy with his
Lithocolletis virginiella.

Lithocolletis ostryzfoliella Clemens.

One type, with left fore wing missing and the other fore wing
somewhat crippled, is still recognizable and agrees with the
description. Clemens’ No. 20; alar exp., 6 mm. I have no
specimen exactly like this type. The species is exceedingly near,
to the foregoing species, which was bred from the same food-
plant, but the minute differences in the wing markings and the
color of the abdomen, pointed out by Clemens, are well substan-
tiated by the types.

Chambers suggested and Walsingham confirmed the synonymy
with Lethocollet?s mirifica Frey and Boll.

Lithocolletis lucetiella Clemens.

One perfect type, Clemens’ No. 21; alar exp., 7 mm.

Bred specimens of this very distinct species, compared with
the type, arein the U. S. National Museum. Lord Walsingham

has established the synonymy with ZLzthocolletis enigmatella
Frey and Boll.

* Can. Ent., xi, p. 92, 1879.

OF WASHINGTON. 189

Lithocolletis obstrictella Clemens.

One type, right fore wing and abdomen missing. Clemens’
No. 22; alar exp., 7.5 mm.

I have no specimen like this type, which was bred, according
to Clemens, from the underside of leaves of oak. The know-
ledge of the mine ought to insure its rediscovery.

Lithocolletis caryzfoliella Clemens.

Two types, one perfect, the other consisting only of head and
left fore wing. Clemens’ No. 23; alar exp., 6.5 mm.

Bred specimens compared with the type are in the U. S. Na-
tional Museum. The generally accepted synonymy, suggested
by Clemens himself, with Lzthocollet¢s juglandiella Clemens, is
probably correct. This latter species was named from the larva
and mine only. |

Lithocolletis aceriella Clemens.

One type, almost totally destroyed, only the head left on the
pin, Clemens’ No. 24.

In the U. S. National Museum are specimens bred from upper
surface mines on maple which agree with Clemens’ description
and with what is left of his type. They undoubtedly represent
this species. Alar exp., 6.5 mm.

Clemens states that the larva is found also in the leaf of Hama-
melis virginica, but I am inclined to believe that he was mis-
taken and that the exceedingly similar but slightly larger species,
which I have repeatedly bred from witch hazel, is a distinct spe-
cies. It differs from acerzed/a in the more reddish tuft, in the
somewhat darker ground color and in the dorsal silvery streak
above the cilia, which is more oblique, nearly parallel with the
edge, while in acerzed/a it is more erect. Further, the two silvery
fascie are, in the Hlamame/lis feeder, absolutely parallel, while
they are slightly diverging in aceréella. The Hamamel?s feeder
may be known as Lithocolletis hamameliella.

Alar exp., 7 mm.

Type.—No. 6772, U. S. National Museum.

Lithocolletis guttifinitella Clemens.

One type, right fore wing missing, otherwise in perfect condi-
tion, Clemens’ No. 25; alar exp., 7 mm.

Clemens describes the antenne as blackish brown, omitting the
silvery annulations, which are shown on type. Otherwise, ; it is
a good description of the type, which represents the one extreme

variety of our common ‘‘ poison ivy” Lzthocolletis, which has
the two transverse fascie nearly straight and diverging, the outer
one being nearly perpendicular on the edge of the wing, while
the inner one is oblique, nearer base on the dorsal side.

The other extreme of this variable ppece is described by Frey
and Bollas Lzthocolletis toxicodendi.* This has the two fasciz

* Stett. ent. Zeit., xxxix, p. 273, 1878.

- 190 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

parallel, both being oblique, with dorsal ends nearer the base of
the wing than the costal. These fascie are besides in this variety
slightly angulated outwardly at their upper third, especially the
one nearest the base of the wing. Ihave bred unlimited numbers
of this species from poison ivy around Washington, D. C., and
have every intermediate form between the two extremes, and
there is no doubt that the two names stand for the same species.
Clemens’ name will hold.

Chambers made his Lzthocolletis esculisella* a synonym of
guttifinitella, but Lord Walsingham doubted this, considering it
exceedingly improbable. The name should be retained as a sepa-
rate species.

Lithocolletis cratzgella Clemens.

One type, unspread, but perfect, Clemens’ No. 26,; alar exp.,
6.5 mm.

This type proves Lord Walsingham’s assertion} that Clemens’
species is the same as the common European apple-feeder, Lztho-
colletis pomtfolielia Zeller, now known under the name Lztho-
colletis blancardella Fabricius. Lord Walsingham placed Lzth-
ocolletis deceptusella Chambers as a synonym of this Species§

Lithocolletis hamadryadella Clemens.

One perfect type, Clemens’ No. 27; alar exp., 6.5 mm. A
pin with the number 27-F has evidently borne his variation I,
but the specimen is destroyed.

This type represents our well known, most common Litho-
colletis on oak, described later by Zeller as alternatella.g A
bred series compared with Clemens’ type is in the U.S. National
Museum.

Lithocolletis argentinotella Clemens.

Two types, the one perfect, the other without fore wings,
Clemens’ No. 28; alar exp., 6.5 mm.

Specimens bred from underside mines on elm and compared
with Clemens’ type are in the U. S. National Museum.

Tisheria solidagonifoliella Clemens.
- The type of this species with Clemens’ No. 29 is lost. The
species, however, is well known. from Clemens’ description and.
the knowledge of its food plant.

Bred specimens, agreeing with desifiption and undoubtedly
representing the species, are in the U. S. National Museum.
Alar exp., 7 mm.

* Printed esculel/a in Riley’s List by mistake.

+ Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., x, p. 202, 1882.

+ Ins. Life, iii, p. 328, 1891.

§ Wrongly quoted by Chambers, in his Index, as alternata.

OF WASHINGTON. é 191

Tisheria zelleriella Clemens.

One type, consisting only of the right fore wing, gummed on
Clemens’ label No. 30.

Lord Walsingham* proved the synonymy of this species with
com planotdes Fy ey and Boll, and with dat7pennella Chambers.
He erected the new genus Cofptotriche for this remarkable form.t
There is a bred series in the U.S. National Museum. Alar. exp.,

~10omm.

The species is common around Washington, D. C.

Tisheria citrinipennella Clemens.

One type, right hind wing and abdomen missing. otherwise
in good condition; Clemens’ No. 31; alar exp., 8 mm.

Lord Walsinghamf{ has declared this species the same as the
other oak-feeding Zvsherza subsequently described by Clemens
(guercztella). Tam unable to concur in this view. While the
. present species may be the sameas 77sheria guercivorella Cham-
bers, as determined by Walsingham. Clemens’ 7’%sheréa guerct-
tella is undoubtedly tinctoriclla Chambers, and will have to
supplant that name. It is the only oak-feeding Z?sherza which
makes the circular silk-lined nidus for pupation, as described by
Clemens and Chambers. The color of this nidus varies accord-
ing to the species of oak, and is on white oak, as Clemens de-
scribes it, whiter than the rest of the mine, and it is not always
dark-veined as described by Chambers, and as is usually the
rule.

Clemens’ types of the two species, though both are in poor
condition, substantiate fully this view.$ Series of both species
from Washington, D. C., and from West Virginia, bred by the
author, are in U. S. National Museum.

Phyllocnistis vitigenella Clemens.

Two perfect types, Clemens’ No. 32; alar exp., 5 mm.

Bred specimens, agreeing with the types of this well known
species, are in the U. S. National Museum.

Leucanthiza am phicarpeeefoliella Clemens.

One type, left wings missing, otherwise in good condition ;
Clemens’ No. 33; alar exp., 6.5 mm.

I have bred this beautiful and well described species from
upper surface mines of hog peanut at Washington, D.C. Bred
specimens compared with asx eta tvpe are inthe U.S. National
Museum.

* Ins. Life, iii, p. 387, 1891.
+ Ins. Life, ii, p. 322, 1890.
tIns. Life, iii, p. 387, 1891.
§ See post, under Tisherta quercitella.

192 ENTOMOLUGICAL SOCIETY

Coleophora coruscipennella Clemens.

One perfect type, Clemens’ No. 34, alar exp., 12 mm.

Zeller made this common American species a synonym of the
European Coleophora fabrictella Villers, which is now known
under the name sfzssécornzs Haworth, and it certainly would be
exceedingly diffcult to distinguish between them. Still, as long
as the life history and early stages of the American species is
unknown, there is a possibility that it may be distinct, and I
should have favored retaining it as such.. A large series, collected
at light around Washington, D.C., and compared with Clemens’
type, is inthe U. S. National Museum.

Coleophora laticornella Clemens.

One good type, Clemens’ No. 35; alar exp., 11 mm.

This proves to be the elm-feeding Coleophora, which has been
of some economic importance of late years through its occurrence
in large numbers in the parks of Brooklyn, N. Y. I have bred
a large series of this species and am unable to distinguish it from
authentic specimens (adults and cases) of the European Coleo-
phora limosipennella Duponchel, which feeds on elm in Europe.

Our present knowledge of the genus Coleophora in this
country is in such a hopeless state that I cannot indicate other
synonyms of this species, though they doubtless exist among the
67 described species. Our names have been given mostly
without knowledge of the food plants and without any com-
parisons with previously described species. The present species
will probably be found among them ‘under another name.
This, however, will not interfere with the much older European
name.

A bred series, compared with Clemens’ type, is in the U.S.
National Museum.

Coleophora cznosipennella Clemens.

The type of this species, Clemens’ No. 36, is lost. I have not
yet been able to identify the species from the description with
‘certainty.

Coleophora infuscatella Clemens.
. One type, lacking left wings, otherwise in good condition,
Clemens’ No. 37; alar exp., 11 mm.

I have no specimen exactly like this.

Coleophora cretaticostella Clemens.
' One type, abdomen and right wings missing, Clemens’ No.
38; alar exp., 12.5 mm.
I have no specimen like this.
Incurvaria russatella Clemens.

The type of this ayeores Clemens’ No. 39, cannot now be -
found.

OF WASHINGTON, 193

Lord Walsingham examined this type in 1872, and from his:
recollection and notes on it, concluded that his Lampronia
tripunctella was a synonym. He has also made Hudarcia
stmulatricella Clemens synonymous with 7/nxea cemitariella
Chambers. I have examined types of both these latter species:
and they are undoubtedly congeneric, but just as surely specifi-
cally distinct. The former is evidently Walsingham’s Lam-
pronia tripunctella , agreeing in all particulars with his descrip-
tion and figure. The latter agrees well with Clemens’ decription
of russatella, but could not be Walsingham’s species, lacking as
it does the white apical cilia found in ¢rzépunctella and also in
Clemens’ type of szmulatricella, though not mentioned by
Clemens. 7. russatella should then be known as Hudarcza
russatella Clemens.

A specimen collected by the writer in Kentucky, and Cham-
bers’ type of camztariella [No. 412] are in the U. S. National
Museum.

Incurvaria (Ornix) acerifoliella Fitch.

The specimen of this species received by Clemens from Fitch
is found under Clemens’ No. 40. The right wings are missing ;.
alar exp., 11.5 mm.

This agrees with our present conception of the species, speci-
mens of which are in the U. S. National Museum. Lord Wal-
singham has shown the synonymy of 7Z/nxea ‘ridella Chambers
with this species. The species falls. according to the venation,
intermediate between the genera /zcurvarta and Fudarcia,
though it cannot rightfully be placed in either genus, as already
shown by Clemens. | |

I propose the name Arackenridgia, for the genus of which
acertfoltella is type and which has the following very distinct
venation :

Fore wings II veins, vein 4 absent, all separate, 7 to costa, 14 furcate at
base. Hind wings as broad as fore wings, 8 veins, veins 5 and 6 stalked,
rest separate, vein 6 to apex. The oral characters areas in Jneurvaria.

No other species is at present known to the writer.

It is in this connection well to draw attention to the fact that
probably only two out of the ten American species hitherto placed
in Zucurvarza truly belong in this genus, namely /xcurvaria
enescens Walsingham and Zucurvaria politella Walsingham.
Besides these, /abradorze/la Clemens* may profitably be left in
the genus for the present until more material is obtained, though
the appearance of the incomplete type, Clemens’ No. 215,* does.
not suggest that genus as Clemens also noted.

The same is the case with meddostriatella Clemens,* which

*See fost, under this species.

194 ENTUMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

only differs from the genus in having veins 7 and § in the fore
wings stalked. It is also true of oregonella Walsingham, of
which only the single type in Lord Walsingham’s possession is
known, but which will probably be found not to belong to /z-
curvarza when additional material is at hand.

Of the other species hitherto placed in Jzcurvarz¢a, two have
now been disposed of, namely, Hudarcia russatella and Brack-
enridgia acertfoliella. The remaining three species form a’
separate genus, which may appropriately be known as Greya in
honor of Lord T. de Grey Walsingham, who has added so mate-
rially to our knowledge of American Tineina, and who has de-
scribed all the three species included in the genus, namely, Aam7-
lis,* punctiferella, and solenobiella.{ Greya is at once distin-
guished from the nearly related /ucurvarza by the absence of
vein 10 in the fore wings.

It has the following venation :

Fore wings 11 veins, vein 10 absent, all separate; hind wings as broad
as fore wings, 8 veins, all separate. Other characters as in Jacurvariéa.

Authentic representatives of all of the foregoing species except
labradordella are in the U. S. National Museum.

Plutella vigilaciella Clemens.

One type in good condition, Clemens’ No. 41; alar exp.,
14.5 mm.

This is, as determined by Stainton,a synonym of the European
Plutella porrectella Linneus. Specimens compared with
Clemens’ type are in the U. S. National Museum.

Plutella limbipennella Clemens.

One type, Clemens’ No. 42; alar exp., 13.5 mm..

This is, as determined by Stainton, a synonym of the cosmo-
politan Plutella cruciferarum Zeller, now known as Plutella
maculipennis Curtis.

Plutella mollipedella Clemens.

One type, Clemens’ No. 43; alar exp., 14 mm.

This is, as shown by Stainton, the female of the foregoing
species.

Gracilaria superbifrontella Clemens.

One type in fine condition, but lacking the left wings, Clemens’
No. 44; alar exp., 14 mm.

In spite of Clemens’ definite statement that his species feeds
on witch hazel (Hamamelis virginica), Lord Walsingham has
made it synonymous with the European oak-feeding Graczlaria

* Ins. Life i, pp. 145, 146, 1888.
+ Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., p. 82, 1880.

OF WASHINGTON. 195

alchimtella Scopoli. He also makes it synonymous with the
American maple-feeding Gracilaria packardella Chambers,
and with the American oak-feeding species of Frey.

This is not the case; saperbifrontella Clemens must be re-
tained as a good species attached to Hamamelis. , So must pack-
ardella Chambers (= elegantella Frey, Stett. ent. Zeit., xxxiv,
p- 202, 1873), attached to Acer, while the American oak-feeding
species, determined by Frey as superbifrontella, may or may
not be the same as the European a@lchimiella Scopoli. I have
not sufficient bred material to settle this last point with cer-
tainty. All of these species are very close and somewhat vari-
able. Bred specimens, compared with Clemens’ type, are in the
U. S. National Museum.

Gracilaria fulgidella Clemens. ;

One type, lacking the right fore wing, Clemens’ No. 45; alar
exp., 7-5 mm.

This is different from any other described American Grace-
larza, and I have no specimen like it. Clemens’ description is
very accurate, though it would seem more natural to regard the
dark color as the ground color, marked with white, dark-
margined fascie. The species is nearest to Graczlarza astert-
cola Frey and Boll.

_ Gracilaria venustella Clemens.

One type, lacking abdomen and left wing, Clemens’ No: 46;
alar exp , 6.5 mm.

There is another of Clemens’ specimens, labeled 197, the same
as this type, and also lacking the left wings. This is evidently
the specimen from which Clemens redescribed the species.*

This is, as determined by Chambers himself,t the same as
Gracilaria eupatoriella Chambers. Specimens collected at
light in Kentucky and at Washington, D. C., by the writer, and
compared both with Chambers’ type in the Cambridge Museum
of Comparative Zoology and with Clemens’ type, areinthe U.S.
National Museum. ‘The species belongs in Walsingham’s genus
Dialectica,{ but may remain in Graczélaria Haworth until the
_ group is worked up.

Gracilaria strigifinitella Clemens.

One type, left fore wing missing. Clemens’ No. 47; alar exp.,
8.5 mm.

This is the same species described by Chambers as Graczlaria
duodecemlintella and also the same as his Ornix guercifoliella.

*Tin. N. A., p. 216, 1872,
+ Bull. U. S. Geol. Surv. Terr., iv, 150, 1878.
t Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., p. 150, 1897.

196 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

The types of both these speciés are in the Cambridge Museum of
Comparative Zoology, and agree with the present type, as the
descriptions would indicate. In Professor C. H. Fernald’s col-
lection are two specimens of this species bearing Lord Walsing-
ham’s blue labels 722 and 723, and determined in his note-book as
Ornix gquercifoliella Cham. = Gracilaria duodecemliniella
Chambers (?) and with the note: ‘* The description is not satisfac-
tory; it needs redescription, and evidently belongs in the genus
Gractlarta. Closely allied to Corésctum brogniardellum Fa-
bricius in color and markings,’*but having the palpi of a Graci-
laria”’ (Walsingham).

One perfect specimen, bred by the writer from oak at Wash-
ington, D. C., and compared with all three types of this species,
is in the U. S. National Museum, besides several collected speci-
mens.

The species belongs in the genus ‘ Dialectica Walsingham,
which is separated from Gracélarta Haworth mainly by the
pectinated posterior tibiz ; it may, however, like the foregoing
species, remain in Gracilaria for the present.

Gracilaria violacella Clemens.

One type, Clemens’ No. 48; alar exp., 9 mm.

There is another. specimen of this species, namely, the bred
specimen described later by Clemens as desmodifoliella. ‘This
specimen has Clemens’ No. 412. These specimens represent our
well known Desmodium feeder. Bred specimens compared with
the type are in the U. 5. National Museum.

The name vzol/acel/a must be retained for this species.

Argyresthia oreasella Clemens.

Two types, one without the left wings, the other consisting
only of the left wings; both are now pinned together on the same
cork; Clemens’ No. 49; alar exp., 10 mm.

This is, as determined by Stainton, the same as the European
Argyresthia andereggtella Duponchel. Specimens compared
with Clemens’ types are in the U. S. National Museum.

Ornix trepidella Clemens.
The type of this species, Clemens’ No. 50, is lost. |

Ornix festinella Clemens.

. One type, badly rubbed, Clemens’ No. 51; alar exp., 7.5 mm.
I am at present unable to give any opinion on the distinctions
between this species and the others described by Clemens, owing
to the condition of the types and the lack of bred material.

Ornix cratzgifoliella Clemens.
One type, Clemens’ No. 222 (52); alar exp., 8 mm.
Specimens bred from black thorn by the writer at Washington,

OF WASHINGTON. 197

D. C., and agreeing with Clemens’ type, are in the U. S. National
Museum.

Hyponemeuta multipunctella Clemens.
. One type, lacking the right hind wing and part of the abdo-
men, Clemens’ No. 53; alar exp., 21 mm.

This is a male of the well known species as determined by Dr.
H. G. Dyar.*
Bedellia staintoniella Clemens.

One type, Clemens’ No. 54; alar exp., 1o mm.

This is, as determined by Stainton, and subsequently by
Clemens himself, the cosmopolitan Bedelléa somnulentella Zeller.

Cosmiotes illectella Clemens.

The type of this species, Clemens’ No. 55, is lost.

I have not recognized the species, which Riley by mistake
called ¢ll¢cztel/a.t

The genus Cosm/otes was afterwards recognized by Clemens
as synonymous with #lach7sta Treitsche.

Cosmiotes maculoscella Clemens.
One type without left wings, Clemens’ No. 56; alar exp.,
7 mm.
I have no specimen like this type, which is somewhat rubbed,
although easily recognized from Clemens’ description.

Cosmiotes madarella Clemens.

One type without the right wings, Clemens’ No. 57; alarexp.,
S mm.

I have seen no other specimen of this species which suggests
in coloration the American species of the genus Axd¢/spcla

Hibner.

Cosmopteryx gemmiferella Clemens.

One type, left wing missing, Clemens’ No. 58; alar exp., 11.5
mm.

As shown by Stainton, Clemens had two species mixed, the
present and the one subsequently described by Stainton as clem-
ensella. The type in Philadelphia represents Clemens’ own
species. Specimens compared with the type are in the U. S.
National Museum.

Eudarcia simulatricella Clemens.

One type in perfect condition. Clemens’ No. 59; alar exp.,
S mm.

This species has been treated already (see ante, page 193) and

*Can. Ent. xxxii, p. 38, 1900.
t+ Smith’s List Lep. Bor. Am., No. 5797, 1891.

198 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

the Synonymy of Lampronia tripunctella Walsingham shown.
Tinea cemitariella Chambers, hitherto placed as a synonym of
this species, is found to be distinct and the same as Hudarcta
russatella Clemens. A specimen compared with Clemens’ ei
is in the U. S. National Museum.

Antispila nysseefoliella Clemens.

One perfect type. Clemens’ No. 60; alar exp., 7.5 mm.

A bred series, compared with the type of this well known
species, is in the U. S. National Museum.

Antispila cornifoliella Clemens.

One type, Clemens’ No. 61; alar exp., 7.5 mm.

Bred specimens compared with Clemens’ type are in the U. 8S.
National Museum.

Aspidisca splendoriferella Clemens.

Two types, Clemens’ No. 63 ;* alar exp., 4.5 mm.

This is the well known species afterwards described by Packard
as Lyonetia saccatella. Aspidisca pruniella Clemens, named
from the larva only, is the same species.

Lord Walsingham has substituted the generic name Coptodisca
for the preoccupied Aspidisca.

Diachorisia velatella Clemens.

One type, in poor but recognizable condition, Clemens’ No. 64 ;
alar exp., 9.5 mm.

I have no specimen exactly like this type.

Bucculatrix coronatella Clemens.

The type of this species, Clemens’ No. 65, is lost.

In the U. S. National Museum is a large series bred from black
birch and determined as this species. As it agrees with Clemens’
description and very likely was compared with Clemens’ type, this
series may properly be regarded as representing 7. corenatella.

Anorthosia punctipennella Clemens.

One perfect type, Clemens’ No. 66; alar exp. -, 12 mm.

This is like our present conception of the species as defined by
the writer.| Specimens compared with the type are in the
U.S. National Museum.

Gelechia cerealella Olivier.
One specimen of this cosmopolitan species, Sztotroga cerealella
Olivier, is found under Clemens’ No. 67.

*No type is found under No. 62, and no name for that number in
Clemens’ list.
+ Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xxv, p. 918, 1902.

OF WASHINGTON, 199

Gelechia agrimoniella Clemens.

One type, Clemens’ No, 68; alar exp,, 13 mm.

This is like the present conception of the species* and belongs
in the genus Anacampsts Curtis. Specimens compared wily the
type are in the U. S. National Museum.

Gelechia flavocostella Clemens.

One type, palpi and left wings missing. Clemens’. Na 69;
alar exp., I9 mm.

As determined by Clemens subsequently, this species belongs
to his genus 77¢chotaphe, and the type confirms the present con-
ception of the species. Specimens compared with the type are
in the U. S. National Museum.

Gelechia roseosuffusella Clemens. :

Two types in good condition, Clemens’ No. 70; alar exp. 3 10; 0.5
mm.

In spite of the additional evidence of these types, there is still,
as I have shown,{ some uncertainty about the identity of this
species. The food plant, according to Clemens, is sumach.
The species belongs to the genus Arzstoteléa Hiibner.

Gelechia rhoifructella Clemens.

One type, lacking the right wings, Clemens’ No. 71 ; alar exp.,
i8 mm. This agrees with my conception of the species; it be-
longs in the genus Azacampszs Curtis.

For references and synonymy of the Gelechiid species, see my
Revision of American Gelechiide.$§

Gelechia rubidella Clemens.
One type, 9, right wings missing, Clemens’ No. 72; alar exp.,
II mm.
This type confirms the present conception of the species, and
it belongs in the genus Ar¢stote/ia Hiibner. Compared speci-
mens are in the U. S. National Museum.

Gelechia flexurella Clemens.

Of this species, Clemens’ Nos. 94 and 95 according to his list,
there is unfortunately no type. The species is at present unrec-
ognized and of uncertain generic position.

Gelechia mimella Clemens.
_ Clemens’ No. 96. Exactly the same conditions exist as with
the foregoing species.

*Busck, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xxv, p. 850, 1902.
+ Busck, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xxv, p. 908, 1902.
t Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., xxv, p. 7096, 1902.

§ Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xxv, p. 845, e¢ seg., 1902.

200 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

Gelechia detersella Clemens.

One type, the wings on the left side missing, otherwise in good
condition. Clemens’ No. 75; alar exp., 11.5 mm.

This species was renamed by the writer drackenridgiella on
account of pre-occupation of Clemens’ specific name, as shown by
Stainton thirty years ago. It is now found to belong to the genus
Guorimoschema Busck.

I have seen no other specimen of this species.

Strobisia irridipennella Clemens.
Two tyses, Clemens’ No. 73; alar exp., 11.5 mm.
These types agree with the present conception of this beautiful *
species. For full synonymy and references see my Gelechiid
paper.* Specimens compared with Clemens’ type are in the
U. S. National Museum.

Strobisia emblemella Clemens.

One type, wings on the right side missing. Clemens’ No. 74;
alar exp.,g mm.

This also confirms our present conception. Specimens com-
pared with the type are in the U.S. National Museum.

Endrosis kennicottella Clemens.

One type, Clemens’ No. 76; alar exp., 20 mm.

This type proves, as Stainton suggested, the identity with the
European Ezdrosis fenestrella, now known as /acteella Denis
and Schiffermiiller. Specimens compared with Clemens’ type
are in the U. S. National Museum.

Evagora apicitripunctella Clemens.
One type, without wings on the right side. Clemens’ No. 77;
alar exp.,9 mm.
_ This type proves my contention as against Lord Walsingham’s
determination of the species.—| The species should be known as
Recurvarta apicitripunctella. Specimens compared with the
type are in the U. S. National Museum.

Trichotaphe setosella Clemens.

One type, right wings missing, Clemens’ No. 78; alar exp.,
17 mm.

This type confirms my view as diverging from that of Lord
Walsingham concerning this species. It is a Z'réchotaphe and
not an Yfsolophus. Compared specimens are in the U.S. Na-
tional Museum.

-* Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xxv, p 904,, 1902.
+ See my Revision of American Gelechiide, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xxv,
p. 808, 1902.

OF WASHINGTON, 201

Trichotaphe juncidella Clemens.
One type, without wings on left side, Clemens’ No. 79; alar
exp., 14 mm.
This type also agrees with my conception of the species. Bred
specimens, compared with Clemens’ type, are in the U. S. Na-
tional Museum.

Callima argenticinctella Clemens.

Two types, one perfect, the other without wings on the left
side, Clemens’ No. 80; alar exp., 14 mm.

This is like our present conception of this common species.
Specimens compared with the types are in the U. S. National
Museum. Dr. H. G. Dyar has changed* the generic name on
account of the older Kad/iéma Westwood and the genus is now
known as Apicallima Dyar.

Nomia lingulacella Clemens.

One type, right fore wings missing, Clemens’ No. 81 ; alar
exp., 8 mm.

Clemens changed his preoccupied generic name to Chrysopora,
under which name the species is now known. Compared speci-
mens are inthe U.S. National Museum.

Trypanisma prudens Clemens.

One type, left wings missing, Clemens’ No. 82; ane eXp.,
8.5 mm.

As shown by the writer} Chambers’ Gelechia quingueannu-
lella is synonymous with this species. Bred specimens, com-
pared with Clemens type, are in the U. S. National Museum.

Butalis fuscicomella Clemens.

One perfect type, Clemens’ No. 83; alar exp., 13 mm.

This type proves the species to be the same as Autalis
eboracensis Zellert and Clemens’ name must fall for this earlier
name. The ‘yellowish tint” mentioned by Clemens and ob-
jected to by Zeller for this species§ is a barely perceptible tinge
found in all the unicolorous specimens. Specimens determined
by Lord Walsingham as Zeller’s species and agreeing with his
description are in the U. S. National Museum, compared with
Clemens’ type. The species should be kriown as Scythris
eboracensis Zeller.

Butalis flavifrontella Clemens.
One perfect type, Clemens’ No. $4; alar exp., 14 mm.
This type confirms Lord Walshingham’ S contention >I previ-

* Bull. 52, U. S. Nat. Mus., p. 525, 1902.

+ Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xxv, p. 815, 1902.

+t Linn. Ent., x, p. 205, 1855.

§ Verh. k. k, zool.-bot. Gesell. Wien, xxiii, p. 292, 1873.
|| Ins. Life, i, p. 114, 1888.

202 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

ously suggested by Stainton*, that this species. is synonymous”
with Zeller’s Butalis basilaris. The species should be&known
as Scythres bastlaris Zeller. Specimens, compared Wee: type,
are in the U. S. National Museum.

Butalis matutella Clemens.

One perfect type, Clemens’ No. $5; alar exp., 12 mm.

This type likewise proves the synonymy, generally accepted,
with zmpositella Zeller. The species must be known as Scythris
imposttella Zeller. Compared specimens are in the U. S.
National Museum.

Anarsia pruniella Clemens.

Two perfect types, 7 and 9, Clemens’ Nos. 86 and 87; alar
exp., 14 mm.

This is, as already realized by Clemens, the European Anarsza
lineatella Zeller.

Stilbosis tesquella Clemens.

Two types in perfect condition, Clemens’ No. 88; alar exp.,
g mm.

I have long been acquainted with this fine species, which I
have determined correctly from Clemens’ description. The larva
feeds on hog peanut (Amphicarpea monoica), near Washington,
D. C., spinning the leaflets together. It is a prettily marked
and very striking larva:

Head light yellow; eye spots black; body yellowish white. with
thoracic shield, anal plate, thoracic feet, and all tubercles, blackish brown,
Length of full-grown larva, 8.5 mm.; width of head 0.6 mm.

It may be found in July ; the moth issues in the beginning of
August. Bred series, compared with Clemens’ type, and blown
larve, are in the U. S. National Museum.

Laverna luciferella Clemens.
_ One type, left wings missing, otherwise in good condition,
Clemens’ No. 89; alar exp., 10 mm.

In the U. S. National Museum are two specimens collected by
Mr. N. Banks, at Sea Cliff, N. Y., which are identical with the
type of this striking species. Lord Walsinghamf has made
Laverna cephalanthiella Chambers} a synonym of this species,
but this is not correct. I fail to see how a careful perusal of the
two descriptions could allow the conclusion. In the U. S.
National Museum is a large bred series of Chembers’ species

* Tin. NA... p. 126. 1872.
+ Trans. Am Ent. Soc, x, p. 196, 1882.
{ Can. Ent., iii, p. 221, 1872.

OF WASHINGTON. : 203

compared with his type in Cambridge, Mass., and it is a very
different form from Jduc*ferella, which is well described by
Clemens. Both species must stand, and both may probably be
included in the genus AZompha.

Laverna eloisella Clemens.

One type, without wings on the right side, Clemens’ No. go;
alar exp., 14 mm.

This is our well known CGinxothera stem borer. Specimens
compared with the type are in the U. S. National Museum.
Lord Walsingham* has rightfully pointed out the synonymy of
this species with Laverna enotherella Chambers, and Phylloc-
nistis magnatella Zeller.

Chrysocoris erythriella Clemens.

Three types, two perfect. one with left wings only, Clemens’
No. 91; alar exp., 9.5-10.5 mm.

Specimens bred by the writer and compared with Clemens’
types areinthe U.S. National Museum. CZrysocoris is synony-
mous with the European Schreckensteinia Hiibner, under which
generic name the species is now known.

Elachista prematurella Clemens.

Two types, Clemens’ No. 92; alar exp., 7.5 mm.

A specimen compared with Clemens’ type is in the U.S.
National Museum.

Brenthia pavonacella Clemens.

One type in good condition, Clemens’ No. 93; alar exp., 11 mm.

This is like our present conception of the species, and identical
with specimens in the Cambridge Museum of Comparative Zool-
ogy labeled with Chambers’ manuscript name JZcroethia am-
phicarpeeana.t To Chambers is due the credit of the discovery
of the food plant. A specimen compared with Clemens’ type is
in the U. S. National Museum.

Pigritia laticapitella Clemens.

One type without left wings, Clemens’ No. 97; alar exp., 11
mm. Also another identical and perfect specimen, bearing Clem-
ens’ No. 210. Specimens compared with these are in the U.S.
National Museum. Until further study of this and the other ape
cies of this group, Dr. Dietz’s determinations and synonymy}
must hold, but Clemens’ types will probably cause some changes
when the group is critically revised.

Parasia (?) subsimella Clemens.
One type, consisting only of head and thorax, and sO greasy as
to be of little value, Clemens’ No. 98.

*Trans Am. Ent. Soc., x, p. 195, 1882.
+ Can. Ent., x, p. 76, 1878.
{ Trans. Am, Ent. Soc., xxvii, p. 106, 1goo.

204 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

The writer’s determination* is substantiated, as far as can be,
from the type. The species should be known as A fpcthectis sub-
simella Clemens.

Depressaria lecontella Clemens.

One good type, though the left wings are absent, Clemens’ No.
99; alar exp., 24 mm.

This agrees with my conception. Specimens, compared with
the type, are in the U. S. National Museum.

Lithocolletis fitchella Clemens.

One type in good condition, Clemens’ No. 102; ; alar exp., 7.5
mm.

This is the well known species described previously by Fitch
under the preoccupied name guercéfoliella,{ and subsequently
by Frey and Boll as guercitorum,§ as determined by Lord Wal-
singham. Bred specimens, compared with Clemens’ type, are in —
the U. S. National Museum.

Lithocolletis tubiferella Clemens.

One type, hind wings and abdomen missing, Clemens’ No.
101; alar exp., 8 mm.

Specimens of this interesting species, bred by the writer at
Washington, D. C., and compared with Clemens’ type, are in
the U. S. National Museum.

Tisheria malifoliella Clemens.

One type, consisting of head and thorax only, Clemens’
No. 103,

The type is of no value, but the species is known beyond
doubt from Clemens’ description of the moth and from its life
history. Bred specimens are in the U. 8S. National Museum.

Antispila isabella Clemens.
One perfect type, Clemens’ No. 104; alar exp., 7.5 mm.
Specimens compared with this type are in the U. S. National
Museum, bred by the writer at Washington, D. C.

Aspidisca lucifluella Clemens.

Two types, one perfect, but not spread, the other without head
and without the wings on the left side, Clemens’ No. 114; alar
exp., 4.5 mm.

Specimens compared with the types are in the U. S. National
Museum.

The genus is now known as Coptodisca Walsingham. |

* Proc. U. S. Nat Mus. , Xxv, p. 819, 1903.
+ Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xxiv, p. 745, 1902.
{ Rep. Ins., N. Y., v, p. 327, 1859.

§ Stett. ent. Zeit., xxxiv, p. 207, 1873.

|| Ent. Mo. Mag., xxxi, p. 41, 1895.

OF WASHINGTON. 205

Parectopa lespedezzfoliella Clemens.

One type, without wings on the right side, Clemens’ No. 106;
alar exp., 7 mm.

Lord Walsingham has made* Clemens’ Parectopa robiniella
a synonym of this species as well as Gracelaria mirabilis
Frey and Boll. My examination of Clemens’ types of these two
species does not tend to confirm this conclusion. In fact I think
the differences pointed out in Clemens’ description fully borne
out by his types. However, not having any bred specimens of
lespedez@folielia, I prefer to leave the synonymy as it is. The
genus Parectopa may yet be adopted; but in the meanwhile
the species may be known as Gracélaria lcspedezefoliella
Clemens. : |

Bucculatrix pomifoliella Clemens.

One good type, Clemens’ No. 107; alar exp., 7.5 mm.

This represents our common apple Bucculatrix, described
subsequently by Packard as Léthocolletis curviliniatella. Bred
specimens, compared with the type, are in the U. S. National
Museum.

Bucculatrix agnella Clemens.

One type in rather poor condition and lacking the left wings,
Clemens’ No. 108; alar exp., 7 mm.

I have not discovered any specimen of this species in the
U.S. National Museum.

Machimia tentoriferella Clemens. |

One type, lacking left wings, Clemens’ No. 109; alar exp., 25
mm.

This is our well-known species, described later by Chambers
as Depressaria fernaldella.t Lord Walsingham has madet
Depressaria confertella Walker§ a synonym of this species.
During a visit at the home of Prof. C. H. Fernald, I saw two
specimens in his collection, not of this species, which Prof. Fer-
nald had compared with Walker’s type in. the British Museum
and which he has identified as conferte/la Walker. They cer-
tainly agree better with Walker’s description than does Machz-
mia tentortferella Clemens. They agree well with Zeller’s de-
scription of Cryptolechia ferruginosa, and I believe they are
that species, in which case the name ferruginosa would fall for
the older name confertella Walker. At present, however, before
Walker’s type has been re-examined to find which of the two
gentlemen was right in his determination, it is proper to leave
the synonymy as first determined. A large series, identical with
Clemens’ type of Machimia tentoriferella, is in the U. S. Na-
tional Museum.

* Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., x, p. 193, 1882.
+ Buli. U. S. Geol. Surv., iv, p. 82. 1878.

t Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., p. 312, 1881.
§ Cat. Lep. Het. Brit. Mus., xxix, p. 363, 1864.

206 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

Psilocorsis quercicella Clemens.

: One:type, Clemens’ No. r1o; alar exp., 13 mm.

I have bred a very large series, at different times, of et iS
indisputably this species, from i:arve on oak. These specimens
one with Clemens’ description and also with his type.

‘There is another very similar and equally common species, the
larva of which also feeds on oak and occurs at the same time and

same localities as guercicella. The imagoes of this species are:
exceedingly difficult to separate from guercicella.. They are gen-
erally slightly larger (1 to 2 mm. additional expanse) and have,
the short black transverse lines less pronounced than in this species.
They have the apical edge of the fore wing generally more dis-:
tinctly blackish than it isin guercicella. The larve are quite
different from the easily recognized larve of guercicella, with
which they are often. found, even between the same two leaves.

These larve ate white, with blackish brown head and slightly
lighter brown thoracic shield, divided in the center by a straight
longitudinal white line; the second thoracic segment is somewhat
reddish laterally ; the rest of the body is white, turning. slightly
rose-colored at maturity. In the larve of guerciécel/a the three
thoracic segments are black. This species, Iam inclined to be-
lieve, is Zeller’s Cryptolechia obsoletella* with the description
of which it. agrees well.

Lord Walsingham made the following species synonymous
with gwercicella Clemens: (1) Defressaria cryptolechiella
Chambers,f the food plant of snich according to Chambers is
holly; (2) Magno faginella Chambers,{ the larva of which
feeds on beech: (3) Cryptolechia cressonella Chambers.§ which
I believe with Chambers is the same as Zeller’s erroneous con-
ception of gwercicella; (4) Psilocorsis dubitatella Zeller.|
Finally Lord Walsingham identified a species bred from Am-
brosia as this same species. It is evident, as Lord Walsingham
himself conceded,** that there is some mistake here. Zeller’s
conception of Psilocorsis guercicella Clemens, was clearly
erroneous, as is shown by the measurement he gives of his speci-
men (length of fore wing 4”), which would give an alar expanse
of 1g mm. Pslocorsis guercicella varies only slightly in size,
and the very largest specimen in a series of more than fifty has
an’ expanse of only 15 mm., while the average size is a little
more than 13 mm.

Zeller, probably, had before him the very similar but larger

«Verh. k. k. zool.-bot. Gesell. Wien, xxiii, p. 242, 1873.
+ Can. Ent., iv, p. 91, 1873.
*™} Cans Baty iV; p. 131, 7592.
: § Bull. U. S. Geol. Surv. Terr., iv, p. 86, 1878.
|| Hor. Soc. Ent. Ross.. xiii, p. 262, 1887.
QIns. Life. iij'p. 151, 1890:
** Ins. Life, ii, p. 151, ‘1890.

OF WASHINGTON. 207

Psilocorsts vejiexella: Clemens. The same reason suffices to
disprove the synonymy of faginetia Chambers, which has an
expanse of 8-inch= 19 mm.* and of any of those species treated
by Chambers under that name. + Moreover, Chambers described”
the larva of faginella, and his description could not apply to.
guercicella. The size also eliminates Zeller’s Pszlocorszs
dubitella, which, according to Zeller, has a wing length of 3.75,
lines. Having not bred fag/nella nor cryptolechiella I am un-
able to pronounce on the synonymy of these species otherwise.
than that they are not the same as guercicella Clemens. I have.
bred, besides the two oak feeding species, two other extremely
similar, but equally distinct, species of this group, one from
Amelanchier and one from Carpinus, both with larve different
from the oak feeding species. I venture to suggest the propriety of
leaving all the species separate for the present.
“Zeller at first included{t both Clemens’ genera PSitock ois and’
Machimia iu his Cryptolechia, but afterwards recognized them as:
valid genera§ but included the type of Cryptolechia, the African’
straminella Zeller,|| in Machimia. Lord Walsingham showed ’
that straminella could not properly be included in AZachimia,
and placed it in /szlocorszs, dropping that genus as a synonym’
of Cryptolechta. This, however, seems unwarranted, consider-
ing the different palpi of this genus. /Ps7locorszs must stand, in-
cluding the above-mentioned species and ferrugtnella Zeller
(confertella Walker ?).

Psilocorsis reflexella Clemens. :

Two types, both unspread, one without the wing on the rahe
side, Clemens’ No. 112; alar exp., 22 mm. :

A specimen compared with the types is in the U. S. National’
Museum. According to the conclusions expressed under the
foregoing species, Pszlocorsts guercicella Zeller (nec Clemens).
and cressonella Chambers would be synonymous with the present
species.

Menesta tortriciformella Clemens. :

-One type without abdomen and wings on the right side, Clem-
ens’ No. 100; alar exp., 9.5 mm. ,
This type agrees with the present conception of the spectfes.**
Lord Walsingham established the undoubtedly correct synonymy

* Can. Ent.. iv, p. 92, 1872.

+ Bull. U. S Geol. Surv., iv, pp. 84-86, 1878.

{ Verh. k. k. zool.-bot. Gesell. Wien, xxiii, p. 239, 1873.
& Hor. Soc. Ent. Ross., xiii, p. 259, 1887.

|| Hand. Kong. Svensk. Acad., p. 107, 1852.

Ins. Life, ii, p. 151, 1890.

** Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xxv, p. 902, 1902.

208 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

with Gelechia liturella Walker,* and with Ayale coryliella
Chambers.

The National Museum possesses a specimen which has been
compared with Clemens’ type.

Nepticula rubifoliella Clemens.

One type, lacking the right fore wing, Clemens’ No. 113; alar
exp., 4 mm. |

I have not bred this species and am at present unable to give
an opinion on the synonymy with the European WVepficula an-
gulifasctella, which Clemens suggested.

Opostega albogaleriella Clemens.

One type, Clemens’ No. 120; alar exp., 5.7 mm.

I have collected this species repeatedly at light in the District
of Columbia. Clemens’ description does not mention the apical
costal and dorsal streaks, but they are present in his type, though
very faint, because the specimen is rubbed. Nevertheless, Frey
was fully justified in separating his Opostega accessoriellat from
Clemens’ species, from which it differs by the dark dorsal spot;
but Frey evidently did not know of Chambers’ Ofostega quad-
ristrigella.§ It is the same as Frey’s species, as the description
shows.

Of the two remaining American species placed in Ofostega,
nonstrigella Chambers is the only one that truly belongs to this
genus. It differs from Clemens’ species by the dark dorsal patch,
and from guadristrigella by the absence of apical markings.
Bosquella Chambers is, as originally described by Chambers,||
a WVepticula and is the same as that previously described by Zel-
ler as 7rzfurcula obrutella,f as the type of this species in the
Cambridge Museum proves.

Representatives of all these species, collected by the writer in
the District of Columbia and in Kentucky, are in the U. S. National
Museum.

Trichotaphe alacella Clemens.

One type, Clemens’ No. 115; alar exp., 13.5 mm.

This type confirms the present conception of this well known
species. Specimens compared with it are in the U. S. National
Museum. Gelechia ochripalpella Zeller,** and Gelechia good-
elliella Chambers,ft are synonyms of this species.

* Cat. Lep. Brit. Mus., xxix, p. 591, 1864.

+ Cinn. Quart. Journ. Sci., ii, p. 242, 1875.

t Stett. ent. Zeit., xxxvii, p. 216, 1876.

§ Cinn. Quart. Journ. Sci., ii, p. 106, 1875.

|| Bull. U. S. Geol. Surv., iv, p. 106, 1878

4] Verh. k. k. zool.-bot. Gesell. Wien., xxiii, p. 316, 1873.
** Verh. k. k. zool.-bot. Gesell. Wien., xxiii, p. 279, 1873.
tt Journ. Cinn. Soc. Nat. Hist., iii, p. 289, 1881.

OF WASHINGTON. _ 209

Solenobia walshella Clemens.

One type, of little value, both fore wings and right hind wing
missing, the specimen glued on a triangle; Clemens’ No. 121.
The case of this species and pupa skin in good condition are
found separate under Clemens’ No. 122.

Though the type is of little use for identification, there is no
doubt about this well known species. The genus So/enodbza* is
now included in the Psychide.

Nepticula fuscotibiella Clemens.

One type, right fore wing missing, Clemens’ No. 123; alar
exp., 4 mm.

This is a true Wepticula, of which I have at present no other
representative. or

Nepticula bifasciella Clemens.

One type without right fore wing, Clemens’ No. 124; alar exp.,
4.5 mm. |

I have no specimen of this species at present, but I have kept
sketches and descriptions in my note book, as well as of all others
not represented in the U. S. National Museum.

Nepticula platanella Clemens.

One perfect type, Clemens’ No. 118; alar exp., 7 mm.

I have bred this common species repeatedly from the large,
nearly circular, upper surface, blotch mines on sycamore, near
Washington. Bred specimens compared with the type are in the
U. S. National Museum.

Lyonetia speculella Clemens.

One type, without wings on left side, Clemens’ No. 119; alar.
exp., 10 mm.

This is clearly the same species subsequently described by
Packard as Lithocolletis nidificansedl/a, and this is, as suggested
by Chambers, also synonymous with his Lyonetiéa gracilella ;
Lyonetia apicistrigella Chambers, the type of which I have’
examined in the Cambridge Museum of Comparative Zoology,
is another synonym. ‘This reduces the six species recorded in
Dyar’s List of North American Lepidoptera, 1903, p. 563, to
three, viz., Lyonetia speculella Clemens, Lyonetia alniella
Chambers,} and Lyonetia latistrigelia Walsingham.t

Tenaga pomiliella Clemens.
One type without left wings, Clemens’ No. 117; alar exp.,
I2 mm. |

* Tutt, Brit. Lep., ii, p. 155, 1900.

+ Cin. Quart. Journ. Sci., ii, p. 303, 1875. The type-in the Cambridge
Museum shows the species to be quite distinct.

{ Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., x, p. 203, 1882. There is a type (cotype ?) of
this, labeled by Lord Walsingham, in the Philadelphia collection.

9 10 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

I had-never seen an example of this striking species. It is well
described by Clemens. The genus belongs among the narrow
winged genera near 77zxea.

Hybroma servulella Clemens.

One type, badly broken, Clemens’ No. 116; alarexp., 11mm.

Specimens of this easily recognized species, compared with
Clemens’ type, are in the U. S. National Museum.

Strobisia levipedella Clemens.

One perfect type. Clemens’ No. 182; alar exp., 11 mm.

- This confirms our present conception of the species, which, as
determined by the writer,* belongs to the genus Axzacampsts
Curtis.

Parectopa robiniella Clemens.

Two good types, Clemens’ No. 183; alar exp., 6.5 mm.

See preceding note under Parecto pa lespedezefolielia Clemens.
Brenthia inflatella Clemens.

One type without the left wings, Clemens’ No. 181; alar
exp., 12 mm.

This type agrees with the present conception of Choreutis
infiatella as defined by Mr. W. D. Kearfott,t and is presumably
only a variety of the more common form, subsequently described
by Clemens as Brenthia virginiella.

Coleophora leucochrysella Clemens.

One type, without right fore wing, Clemens’ No. 180; alar
_ exp., 14.5 mm.

I have seen no other specimen of this fine species.. As an aid
to identification it may be added to Clemens’ description that the
underside of the fore wings is dark fuscous, except the apical
fifth part, which is pure white.

Coleophora concolorella Clemens.

. One type, left fore wing missing, Clemens’ No. 179; alar exp.,
10 mm.

_[ have no specimen exactly like this small, unicolorous, incon-
spicuous species.

Marmara salictella Clemens.

- Clemens’ type No. 125 of this species is lost, but no difficulty
is met with in identifying the insect from the careful description
and from the knowledge of its remarkable life history, so well
given by Clemens. The writer has bred it for several seasons
and gave some notes before the Washington Entomological So-
ciety on its unique mode of ornamenting its cocoon, which
deserves fuller treatment. Such will be given shortly in a sepa-
rate paper. :

* Can. Ent., xxxiii, p. 15, 1901.
t Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., x, p. 110, 1902.

OF WASHINGTON. 211

Glyphipteryx impigritella Clemens. |

One perfect type, Clemens’ No. 178; alar exp., 7. 51 mm.
- A specimen determined by Lord Walsingham and agreeing
with Clemens’ type is in the U.S. National Museum. Also
specimens collected at light, Washington, D. C., by the writer.
Chambers made* his Glyphipteryx exoptatella a synonym, of
this species.

Gelechia nigratomella Clemens.

One type, Clemens’ No. 187; alar exp., 11 mm.

This type proves the present conception correct, and the species
should be known as Aproerema nigratomella. Specimens com-
pared with.Clemens’ type are in the U. S. National Museum.

Gelechia mediofuscella Clemens.

One type, Clemens’ No. 188; alar exp., 14 mm.

This confirms the present conception of the species, and is a
true Gelechia, the same as the subsequently described Ge/lechza
vagella Walker, Depressaria fuscoochrella Chambers and Gede-
chia liturosella Zeller. Specimens compared with Clemens’
type are in the U. S. National Museum.

Gelechia fuscopunctella Clemens.

One type without wings on the left side, laapan No. 185 ;
alar exp., 13 mm.

This is, as shown elsewhere by the writer,a Ze/phusa, very
close to but different from Zelphusa quercinigracella Chambers.
A series, bred from oak in the District of Columbia, and com-
pared with Clemens’ type, is in the U. S. National Museum.

Gelechia gilvomaculella Clemens.

One type without head or the wings of the left side, Clemens’
No. 190; alar exp., 14.5 mm.

This proves the species a true Ge/echéa and the same as the
subsequently described Gelechia biminimaculella Chambers.
Specimens compared with both Clemens’ and Chambers’ types
are in the U. 8S. National Museum.

Gelechia longifasciella Clemens.

One type without head, otherwise in good condition, Clemens’
No. 192; alar exp., 17 mm.

This confirms the present conception of the species.t+ It is the
same as Telphusa curvistrigella Chambers, and consequently
type of that genus. Specimens compared with the types of both
authors are in the U.S. National Museum, collected by Miss
Mary Murtfeldt, of Kirkwood, Mo. ;

Gelechia labradoriella Clemens.
One type without left wings, Clemens’ No. 186; alar exp., 17
mm.

*Can Ent., xiii, ii, p. 193, 1881.
+t Busck, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xxv, p. 785, 1go02.

mate

212 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

This proves the synonymy with the European Gelechia vidu-
ella Fabricius, as suggested in Staudinger and Rebel’s Catalogue
of the Lepidoptera of Europe. The species must be known under
the earlier name.

Phyllocnistis liriodendronella Clemens.
One perfect type, Clemens’ No. 177; alar exp., 5.5 mm.
Specimens, bred from tulip tree in the District of Columbia and
' compared with:Clemens’ type, are in the U. S. National Museum.

Tisheria quercitella Clemens.

One type with wings not fully expanded, as described by
Clemens; his No. 184; alar exp., 7 mm.

This species has been treated already under 7?sheréa citr¢-
pennella Clemens. It is not synonymous with that species, as
hitherto considered, but with the subsequently described Tisheria
tinctoriella Chambers.

Gelechia angustipennella Clemens.

One type, left wings missing, Clemens’ No. 194; alar exp.,
13 mm.

This proves to be the species described by the writer as Arzsto-
telia kearfottella,* which name consequently falls as a syn-
onym. The species should be known as Ariéstotelia angusti-
pennella. Specimens compared with Clemens’ type are in the
U.S. National Museum.

Gelechia apicilinella Clemens.

Clemens’ type No. 195 is lost, and the species must remain,
as placed by Riley, a synonym of Aproerema nigratomella
Clemens.

Gelechia pullifimbriella Clemens.

One type, Clemens’ No. 191; alar exp., 12 mm.

This proves the species to be a small, inconspicuous, nearly uni-
colorous Gelechia, different from any with which I am ac-
quainted. I have no specimens exactly like the type which is
well described by Clemens.

Holcocera chalcofrontella Clemens.

Two types, Clemens’ Nos. 201 and 202, the latter marked
‘* light variety ”; alar exp., 15 mm.

Chambers suggested that his species //olcocera clemensella
might be a variety of chalcofrontelia, and he later reasserted this
opinion.t{ In Cambridge, Mass., I examined Chambers’ type,
which is in very indifferent condition, but inasmuch as neither
this type nor Chambers’ description disagrees with undoubted
specimens of chalcofrontella, it seems proper to regard the two
names as synonyms. Specimens compared with the types of
both authors are in the U. S. National Museum.

*Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xxv, p. 803, 1902.
+ Cinn. Quart. Journ., ii, p. 256, 1875.

OF WASHINGTON. vd

Holcocera purpurocomella Clemens.

One type without wings on the right side, Clemens’ No. 200;
alar exp., 16 mm.

This type proves the species to be the sameas the subsequently
described Blastobas’s guiesguiella Zeller. Specimens compared
with Clemens’ type and previously found identical with Zeller’s
type in the Cambridge Museum, are in the U. S. National
Museum.

Holcocera gilbociliella Clemens.
One perfect type, Clemens’ No. 203; alar exp., 13.5 mm.
Zeller rightfully separated his Blastobasés livorella from this
species, which lacks the two dark dots at the end of the cell and
which is quite distinct from any other described American species.
A specimen compared with Clemens’ type isin the U. S. National
Museum.

Holcocera modestella Clemens.

One type without wings on left side, Clemens’ No. 204; alar
exp., 16 mm.

This proves, as suspected by Zeller, to be the same as his
Blastobasis nubtella, the type of which I have examined in the
Cambridge Museum. It is also the same as Holcocera glan-
dulella Riley, as suggested by Lord Walsingham.* A large
bred series, compared with the types of both authors, is in the
U.S. National Museum.

While treating this group I may add that Blastobasis sciaphi-
lella Zeller} isthe same as Holcocera triangularisella Chambers, {
as types of both species in Cambridge prove. Chambers’ sug-
gestion§ that it is a variety of olaxdulella Riley (modestella
Clemens) is not substantiated. All of the species here mentioned
belong to F/olcocera Clemens.

Ypsolophus punctidiscellus Clemens.

One perfect type, Clemens’ No. 205; alar exp., 15 mm.

This substantiates the present conception of the species.
Specimens compared with the type are in the U. S. National
Museum.

Ypsolophus pauciguttellus Clemens.
Two perfect types, Clemens’ No. 206; alar exp., 17 mm.
This is the common apple feeder, at once recognized by the
semi-transparent, bluish hind wings. It should be known as
Ypsolophus ligulellus. For full synonymy see my Revision of
American Gelechiide. |

* Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., x, p. 191, 1882.

t Verh. k k. zool.-bot. Gesell. Wien., xxiii, p. 295, 1875.-
{ Cinn. Quart. Journ., ii, p. 256, 1875.,

§ Can. Ent., ix, p. 71, 1877.

|| Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xxv, p. 921, 1902.

214 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

Ypsolophus unicipunctellus Clemens.

One type, lacking the left wings, Clemens’ No. 207 ; alar EXp.,
22 mm.

' This type substantiates the present conception of the species as
synonymous with the previously described Chetochilus ven-
trellus Fitch, under which specific name the species should be
known. Compared specimens are in the U.S. National Museum.

Depressaria atrodorsella Clemens.

Two types, Clemens’ No. 174; alar exp., 21 mm.

These verify the writer’s conception of this species.* Speci-
mens compared with the types are in the U. S. National
Museum.

Enicostoma packardella Clemens. :

One type without right wings, Clemens’ No. 208; alar EXP,
25 mm.

Specimens of this well known species, compared with Clemens’
‘type, are in the U. S. National Museum. It is now known as
Semioscopis packardella,t and is the same as the subsequently
described Epzgraphia eruditella Grote.

Brachiloma unipunctella Clemens.
_ One type, wings on right side missing, Clemens’ No. 212;
alar exp., 20 mm.

This is, as I had anticipated from Clemens’ description, the
same species described by Zeller as Cryptolechia lithosina, and
by Chambers as Harpalyce tortricella. Both of these names,
as well as the generic name /de, substituted by Chambers for the
preoccupied Hlarpalyce, must be dropped for the earlier one of
Clemens. The genus belongs to the family Xyloryctid@ Meyrick.
Specimens, compared with Clemens’ type and with the types of
Chambers and Zeller in the Cambridge Museum, are in the U.S.
National Museum.

Pigritia ochrocomella Clemens.

One type without wings on left side, Clemens’ No. 209; alar
exp., 10 mm.

Placed by Dr. Dietz as Dryope ochrocomella.{ Specimens
carefully compared with Clemens’ type are in the U.S. National
Museum.

Pigritia ochrella Clemens.
~ One type, right wings missing, Clemens’ No. 211; alar exp.,
12 mm.

Placed by Dr. Dietz in the genus Dryofe Chambers. Care-

fully compared specimens are in the U. S. National Museum.

* Proc..U. 5. Nat. “Mus. , XXiv, p. 736, 1902.
t Dyar, Can. Ent., xxxiv, p. 319, 1902.
t Trans. Am. Ent. 'Soc., xxvii, p- 117, I9Ol.

OF WASHINGTON. 215

Tinea acapnopennella Clemens.

One type, Clemens’ No. 213; alar exp., 14 mm.

Specimens, determined by Lord Walsingham and agreeing with
this type, are in the U. S. National Museum.

Homosetia tricingulatella Clemens.

One type, wings on left side lacking, Clemens’ No. 198; alar
exp., II mm.

This is the same species as described by Chambers subsequently
as Pitys miscecrtstatella. Chambers called attention to the simi-
larity of both his genus and species to Clemens’ form, but very
excusably separated his genus, judging as he did only from Clem-
ens’ description, which omits any mention of the characteristic
tufts of raised scales, though they are found in the types. I am
unable to find any justification for the genus Semele Chambers,*
which Chambers later confessed} was probably not well separated
from Pitys. I have examined the type of Semele cristatella
Chambers, which is the type of the genus. It agrees in every
respect generically with Pztys. Both of these genera fall before
Clemens’ earlier //omosetia. Specimens collected at Washing-
ton, D. C., and in Kentucky, are in the U.S. National Museum.

Homosetia costisignella Clemens.

One type without wings on left side, Clemens’ No. 199; alar
exp., 11 mm.

This is without doubt the same as Prtys fascéella Chambers,
Specimens compared with Clemens’ type are in the U. S. National
Museum.

Chauliodus (?) canicinctella Clemens. .

One type consisting only of thorax and right fore wing, Clem-
ens’ No. 214; alar exp., 10 mm.

In spite of its poor condition, the type will ultimately etibble
identification, as the coloration of the fore wing is quite striking,
and well described by Clemens. I have at present no specimen
like it, and cannot give any definite opinion on its generic posi-
tion. If Clemens’ generic description is correct, as is probably
the case, the species cannot be included in HAermenza Hiibner
( Chauliodus ‘Treitsche).

Ornix boreasella Clemens.

One type, head, abdomen, and right wings missing, Clemens’
No. 217; alar exp., 9 mm.

I have no specimen like this. The species must be retained
provisionally in the genus Orzzx, though Clemens’ description
and what is left of his type, indicate that it cannot belong there.

* Cinn. Quart. Journ. Sci., ii, p. 243, 1875. .
+ Can. Ent,, ix, p. 208, 1877.

216 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

Incurvaria labradorella Clemens.

One type without wings on left side, Clehiena’ No. 2153 ; alar
exp., 7 mm. |

This species has already been treated. It may at present be
retained in /zcurvaria. It is a striking species, agreeing well
with Clemens’ description. No other specimen of the species is
known to the writer.
Gelechia brumella Clemens.

One type, right fore wing missing, Clemens’ No. 196; alar
exp., 23 mm.

I have no specimen like this, which proves the species to be a
true Gelechia, near vernella Murtfeldt. It is, however, a much
larger and darker species. I know of no other examples.

Walshia amorphella Clemens.

Two types, Clemens’ No. 225; alar exp., 17 mm.

A bred series of this species, compared with Clemens’ type, is
in the U. S. National Museum. I have examined the types in
the Cambridge Museum of Laverna miscecolorelia Chambers,
which represent the same species, as shown by Lord Walsing-
ham.*

Gelechia (?) ornatifimbriella Clemens.

One type, Clemens’ No. 228; alar exp., 17 mm.

This proves to be the same species described by Zeller as Gede-
chia unctella. A bred series, compared with the types of both
authors, is in the U. S. National Museum.

Gelechia gallegenitella Clemens.

One type, left wings missing, Clemens’ No. 229; alar exp.,
10.5 mm.

This type confirms my identification of the species.| Itshould
be known as £pithectis gallegenttella Clemens. Bred speci-
_ mens, compared with thetype, are in the U.S. National Museum.
The specimens subsequently described by Cleméns as this species,
bred from willow galls, presumably do not belong here, and
Clemens’ description should, therefore, be disregarded. These
specimens are not found now with Clemens’ types.

Gracilaria coroniella Clemens.

One type, both fore wings and one hind wing missing, Clemens’
No. 226.

Lord Walsingham determined with some doubt} the common
birch Graczlarta of the Eastern States as Gracélaréa coroniella.
Inasmuch as this agrees with Clemens’ description and with what
is left of his type, this determination is probably correct and
should be accepted. Bred specimens from Washington, Ds G5
are in the U. S. National Museum.

- * Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., x, p. 197, 1882.
+ Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xxv, p. 819, 1892.
{t Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., x, p. 192, 1882.

OF WASHINGTON. yi

Depressaria pulvipennella Clemens.

One type, Clemens’ No. 227; alar exp., 20 mm.

This confirms my present conception of the species. Speci-
mens compared with the type are in the U. S. National Museum.

Depressaria cinereocostella Clemens.

One type, Clemens’ No. 173; alar exp., 17 mm.

The writer’s conception of this species is verified. A bred
series, compared with type, is in the U. S. National Museum.

Hamadryas bassettella Clemens.

Two types, Clemens’ No. 221; alar exp., 14 mm.

A bred series of this striking but common species is in the
U.S. National Museum. It is known now under the generic
name Huclemensia Grote,* Hamadryas being preoccupied.

Cycloplasis panicifoliella Clemens.
Two types with cases, Clemens’ No. 219; alar exp., 4.5 mm.
Specimens bred by the writer at Washington, D. C., ‘and com-
pared with Clemens’ types of this remarkable little species, are
in the U. S. National Museum. |

Elachista brachyelytrifoliella Clemens.

One type, right wings and abdomen missing, Clemens’ No.
218; alar exp., 6 mm.

I have no specimen of this species, and the type is in rather
poor condition for identification; still the recognition of the
species is assured from the knowledge of its food plant, together
with Clemens’ description.

Adela ridingsella Clemens.

One type, Clemens’ No. 171; alar exp., 15.5 mm.

Specimens compared with the type are in the U. S. National
Museum. Lord Walsingham has pointed out? the synonymy or
Adela schlegert Zeller and Dicte coruscifasctella Chambers
with this species.

Coleophora rosefoliella Clemens. ’
One type with its case, Clemens’ No. 216; alar exp., 12.5 mm.
I have no specimen of this species.

Coleophora rosacella Clemens.

Three types, Clemens’ Nos. 166, 168 and 170; also two cases
numbered 167 and 169. No. 170 represents Clemens’ variety ;
alar exp., 12 mm.

Not having bred material of this species I am at present unable
to give a final opinion about the supposed variety. It seems to
be specifically distinct.

*Can. Ent., x, p. 69, 1878.
+ Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., p. 79, 1880.

hp.

218 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

Dasycera newmanella Clemens.

One type, Clemens’ No. 172; alar exp., 17.5:mm.

Specimens compared with the type of this well known species
are in the U. S. National Museum. The genus Dasycera
Haworth has been made synonymous with G@¢cophora Latreille
by- European authors. The present species should be known
under that generic name.

The only other American species described as Dasycera,
namely zonstrigella Chambers, belongs, as I have shown,* to
the Gelechiid genus 77zchotaphe Clemens. The other American
species hitherto placed in QGfcophora should be placed tempo-
rarily in Borkhausenza Hiibner, following European .micro-
lepidopterists. Future study will surely cause these species to
be distributed in more than one genus. I cannot understand how
European specialists, such as Meyrick and Rebel, have left in
one genus species so widely separated as pseudospretella Stain-
ton and dorkhausenzi Zeller. The former has 12 veins in fore
wings and veins 3 and 4 in hind wings stalked like the type of
the genus szmz/el/a Hiibner, while the latter has only 11 veins in
fore wings (vein 8 absent) and veins 3 and 4 in hind wings
separate. Cicophora boreasella Chambers is. as proven by the
description and by Chambers’ type in Cainbridge, the same as
borkhausenti Zeller.

Wilsonia brevivittella Clemens.

Two perfect types, Clemens’ No. 175; alar exp., 12 mm.

Bred specimens of this common species compared with the
types are inthe U. S. National Museum. The genus W2lsonza
can hardly be retained, as it agrees in all essential characters
with AZompha Hiibner, under which genus the species should be
placed. Lord Walsingham madet Laverna enothereseminella
Chambers and Laverna enotherevorella Chambers, synonyms
of Clemens’ species.

Ypsolophus flavivittellus Clemens.

No type is found of this species, but there is no doubt about
its identity with 2psolophus ligulellus Hiibner, under which name
it should be known. :

Anesychia sparsiciliella Clemens.

Two types, Clemens’ No. 165; alar exp., 18 and 20 mm.

The synonomy with Cryptolechia contrari’ella Walker and
with Cryftolechta atropicta Zeller, as pointed out by Lord
Walsingham,} is evidently correct, as well as the generie position
assigned by him. The species should be known as Crypfolechia
contrariella Walker. Specimens, compared with Clemens’ type,
are inthe U. S. National Museum.

* Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xxv, p. 910, Igo2.
t Trans. Am, Ent. Soc., x, p. 196, 1882.
{ Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., p. 85, 1880.

OF WASHINGTON. 219

Elachista (?) orichalcella Clemens.

One type in poor condition and without wings on left side,
Clemens’ No. 421; alar exp., 6 mm.

Not having any material of this species for structural study, I
am unable to pronounce on Stainton’s opinion that it is probably
not an Flachista. The type has the general aspect of this genus,
but is not in sufficiently good condition to furnish information on
the generic characters.

Brenthia virginiella Clemens.

One specimen (type?) with Clemens’ label, but without his
usual number; in poor condition, left wings missing and right
wings rubbed; alar exp., 10 mm.

This is the same, as far as the condition allows determination,
as the present conception of the species, namely, a variety of the
previously described Brenthia inflatella Clemens.*

Gracilaria blandella Clemens.

The type of this species is lost.

The walnut feeder, suggested by Chambers to be this species,
and redescribed by himf with his provisional name juglandivor-
ella, agrees well with Clemens’ description, and’ his name should
stand for the species. Bred specimens are in U.S. National Mu-
seum from Washington, D. C.

Tinea tapetzella Linnezus.

The specimen identified by Clemens as this species, bearing his
No. 126, is found in good condition and proves it to be the Euro-
pean species, which is now known under the generic name
Trichophaga Ragonot. The species supposed to be a variety of
it, Zinzea occidentella Chambers, is a quite distinct 7vzea, as
Chambers’ type in Cambridge proves.

Coleophora cratipennella Clemens.

One perfect specimen, thus labeled by Clemens but without any
number, is found in the collection. It agrees with Clemens’ de-
scription and undoubtedly represents the species, though it may
not be the original type. Alar. exp., 14 mm.

Specimens collected by the writer at Washington, D. C., and
corthpared with Clemens’ specimen are in the U.S. National
Museum. Chambers’ type of Coleophora gigantelia is there also.
It proves synonymous with cratipennedia as the descr iptions would
indicate.

Gelechia fungivorella Clemens.

Four types, Clemens’ Nos. 455, 456, 457, and 458; alar exp.,
12 mm.

These agree with my conception of Arés¢otelia fungivorella
and with my bred specimens, but are very distinct from the fol-
lowing species with which I had associated it.

* Kearfott, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., x, p. 111, 1902.
t Can. Ent., v, p. 13, 187 3.

220 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

Gelechia salicifungiella Clemens.

One perfect type, Clemens’ No. 459; alar exp., 12.5 mm.

_ In the absence of any specimens, and following Clemens’ own
suggestion, which his description seemed to substantiate, I had
made this species a variety of the foregoing, A*zstotelia fungi-
vorella Clemens. The type, however, shows this conclusion to
be entirely wrong; saléczfungiella is a very distinct Arzstotelia,
easily recognized by its showy brick red ground color. A speci-
men, compared with the type, is in the U. S. National Mu-
seum.

Batrachedra salicipomonella Clemens.

Four types, Clemens’ Nos. 413 and 415; alar exp., 12 mm.

I have bred this species from saw fly galls on willow at Wash-
ington, D. C.* ©

Nepticula saginella Clemens.

One type, Clemens’ No. 420; alar exp., 4 mm.

I have no specimen like this type. The knowledge of the food
plant and Clemens’ description, however, insure recognition of
this well marked species. :

Bucculatrix trifasciella Clemens.

One type, Clemens’ No. 416; alar exp., 7.5 mm.

Bred specimens from Washington, D. C., compared with Clem-
ens’ type, are in the U. S. National Museum.

Incurvaria mediostriatella Clemens.

One type without wings on right side, Clemens’ No. 418; alar
exp., 9 mm.

Though differing slightly in venation, as pointed out by Clem-
ens, this species may, provisionally at least, be retained in /zcur-
varia. Tinea auristrigella Chambers and Lecithocera flagis-
trigella Walsingham have been made synonyms of this species.
The type of the latter is in the collection of the Philadelphia Acad-
emy and agrees with Clemens’ type. Identical specimens are
in the U. S. National Museum.

w

—Mr. Ashmead exhibited specimens representing nine new
genera of Cynipoidea and commented upon their peculiarities.
Descriptions of these genera are contained in the following

culture, Div. Ent , Technical ser., No. 3, p. 37, 1896.—Publication com-
mittee.

OF WASHINGTON. 221

SOME NEW GENERA IN THE CYNIPOIDEA.
By Wittiam H. AsHMEAD.

Family FIGITID/E.

Subfamily FIGITIN 2.
Kiefferiella, n. n. (= Avéefferza Ashm., preoc. in Diptera).

This genus comes next to Fzgztes Latreille, but is quite dis-
tinct in having the head and thorax coarsely rugosely punctate,
by the antenne being filiform, the joints cylindrical, the third
shorter than the fourth, and by the abdomen being compressed,
the second segment being as long as 3 and 4 united.

Type: K. rugosa Ashm., taken in the Santa Cruz Mts.,
California.

The genus is dedicated to Abbé J. J. Kieffer, Professor at
Bitche, Deutsch-Lothringen, who has so ably monographed the
European Cynipide.

Subfamily EUCOILIN 2&.
Zamischus Ashmead.

The type of this genus, Z. brasiliensis, was taken by Mr.
Herbert H. Smith in Brazil, and is the most striking form yet
discovered in this group, being unique and quite unlike any other
known Eucoiline. The metathorax is produced posteriorly into
a long neck, the length of the hind coxe, while the abdomen is
attached to this by an abnormally long, slender and smooth
petiole the length of the body; the antenne and the venation of
the front wings are also peculiar, the former being very long,
gradually thickened towards apex, while the costal and marginal
cells are confluent, the marginal cell being only partially formed,
entirely open all along the front margin, much as in Oxychia
Haliday. It shows some affinity with the Liopterine.

Type: Z. brasiliensis Ashm. (Chapada, Brazil.)

Tropideucoila Ashmead.

This genus is allied to Désorygma Forster, but is easily separ-
ated by having 5 longitudinal carine on the mesonotum, and by
the scutellum being bidentate. The antenne are 13-jointed,
filiform.

Type: T. rufipes Ashm. (Chapada, Brazil.)

Promiomera Ashmead.

Allied to JZcomera Forster but easily separated by the antenna,
which, in the 9, are 11-jointed, filiform, tapering off at apex; in
3’, long, 13-jointed, the third joint very much shorter than the
fourth. }

Type: P. filicorntis Ashm. (Chapada, Brazil.)

222 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

Odonteucoila Ashmead.

This genus is easily recognized by the scutellum which ends in
a tooth or spine, and by the antenne which are long, filiform,
with the third joint much shorter than the fourth.

Type: O. chapade Ashm. (Chapada, Brazil.)

Trissodontaspis Ashmead.

The scutellum in this genus is unique in the group, the cup
being modified into a carina which is gradually dilated posteriorly
and ends in a tooth-like projection, while the scutellum proper
has a tooth each side posteriorly, the scutellum thus appearing as
if tridentate, when viewed from above. The antenne are un-
usually long, the joints being long and cylindrical, the third
joint slightly curved ; the pronotum is elevated into a sharp ridge
and deeply emarginate medially, while the mesonotum is longer
than wide.

Type: T. rufipes Ashm. (Chapada, Brazil.)

Dieucoila Ashmead.

This genus differs from all others by having the head and thorax
finely, opaquely sculptured, by the scutellum, which has two
large, oblong shallow fovezw at base, and by peculiarities of the
antennez, which are long, the joints cylindrical, long, but grad-
ually thickened, the third joint a little shorter than the fourth.

Type: D. subopaca Ashm. (Chapada, Brazil.)

Zaeucoila Ashmead.

This genus is easily known by its short, robust form, by the
short closed marginal cell, which is hardly longer than wide, the
second abscissa of the radius being rather strongly curved out-
wardly and by the short mesonotum which has a delicate carina
down the center, the cup of the scutellum being large, almost
round. 7

Type: Z.unicarinata Ashm. (Rio de Janeiro.)

Pseudeucoila Ashmead.

This genus is proposed for a number of species placed at present
in the genus Aucozla Dalla Torre and Kieffer, but z0¢ Westwood.
The type of Hucozla Westwood is &. crassinervis Westw.,and
Psilodora Forster*is a synonym of jt. In Pseudoeucotla the
wings are pubescent and the marginal cell is closed.

Type: Eucotla (Cothonaspis) trichopsila Hartig.

The paper was discussed by Drs. Gill and Howard. Speaking
of gall-wasps, Mr. Ashmead stated that the so-called ‘* potato
gall” (Zr¢balia batatorum Walsh), which was in reality a root-
gall on /Ruabus or Rosa, was described and named by Walsh from
specimens given him by a farmer who reported that they were

OF WASHINGTON. 223

taken on a potato. It really represents a subgenus of Ahodites
with an open marginal cell. Abbé Kieffer has rechristened this
subgenus Lytorhodites.

Dr. Dyar presented the following paper :

LIST OF LEPIDOPTERA TAKEN AT WILLIAMS, ARIZONA,
BY MESSRS. SCHWARZ AND BARBER.—I. PAPILIONOI-
DEA, SPHINGOIDEA, BOMBYCOIDEA, TINEIOIDEA (in

part).
By Harrison G. Dyar.

Messrs. Schwarz and Barber collected insects at Williams,
Arizona, in the summer of rg01. The following listof 139 species
comprises the ‘‘ Macrolepidoptera ” and part of the ‘* Microlepi-
doptera”’ taken by them. We hope to have Mr. Busck get the
rest of the ‘*‘ Microlepidoptera” in shape to present a list later.
The numbers preceding the names are those of the catalogue,
Bulletin 52, U. S. National Museum.

Superfamily PAPJLIONOIDEA.

10. Papilio rutulus Boisd., var. arizonensis Edw.
28. Neophasia menapia Feld.
41. Nathalis iole Boisd.
81. Pyrisita mexicana Boisd.
182. Schoenis minuta Edw.
192. Phyciodes camillus Edw.
216. Eugonia californica Boisd.
217. Euvanessa antiopa Linn.
221. Vanessa cardui Linn.
238. Basilarchia weidemeyerii Edw.
245. Liminitis bredowii Edw.
317. Polystigma nais Edw.
359. Thecla blenina Hew.
420. Nomiades lygdamas Boisd.
440. Cyaniris ladon Cram., var. piasus Boisd.
442. Everes comyntas Godt.
450. Brephidium exilis Boisd.
428. Rusticus glaucon Edw.
525. Polites sabuleti Boisd.
584. Epargyreus tityrus Fab.
601. Thorybes pylades Scudd.
626. Thanaos petronius Lint.
Like examples from Florida. Profertius is the species I
should have expected from this region. The probability is that
there are too many names for the forms of Zhanaos.

Superfamily SPHJNGO/IDEA.
653. Hemaris diffinis Boisd., var. thetis Grt. and Rob.

224 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

Superfamily BOMBYCOIDEA.

790. Lycomorpha grotei Pack.

815. Bruceia pulverina Neum.

830. Eubaphe ostenta Hy. Edw.

888. Apantesis nevadensis Grt. and Rob.

One female, bred from a pupa found under a stone. Hind
wings and subdorsal region of abdomen, yellow; fore wings with
basal bands broken, none of them distinctly crossing the sub-
median bar. It is probably referable to the form superba Str.

899. Euverna clio Pack.
Several examples, all of the white-hind-winged form.
930. Euschausia argentata Pack., var. subalpina French.
956. Copidryas gloveri Grt. and Rob.
1078. Hadenella subjuncta Smith.
1098. Platyperigea discistriga Smith.
1103. Caradrin= exigua Htibn.
1105. Caradrina extimia Walk.
1125. Perigea alfkenii Grt.
1232. Hadena devastatrix Brace.

A little more pronounced in the black shadings than Eastern
specimens.

1395. Rhynchagrotis placida Grt.
1467. Peridroma margaritosa Haw.
1496. Noctua clandestina Harr.
1798. Noctua pyrophiloides Harv.

One large female specimen of a delicate pinkish ground color
rather than the gray clayey color of Pacific Coast specimens. I
have a similarly colored male specimen from Bluff, Utah, taken
by Mrs. H. M. Peabody, and I would designate this rai as var.
peabodye.

Type.—No. 6727, U. S. National Museum.

1501. Noctua piscipellis Grt.
Noctua amia, n. sp.

Allied to piscrtpellzs and atrifrons. Front of head brown black, as dark
as piscipellis , but the color extends uniformly over the head and collar,
only fading on the disk of the thorax. Abdomen gray brown with red-
dish anal tuft. Fore wings with the ordinary spots obsolete; lines single,
black, grayish edged, strongly dentate; veins lined in black outwardly;
a faint pale subterminal line, nearly obsolete. Color of wing dark red-
dish brown, hoary gray shaded, much as in Pésczfellis but darker; the
markings, however, are more as in atrzfrons. Hind wing white, soiled
with gray outwardly. Expanse, 37 mm.

Ten specimens, Jul
Type.—No. 6728, U.S. National Museum.
1517. Chorizagrotis auxiliaris Grt.

OF WASHINGTON. | 205 -

1519. Chorizagrotis agrestis Grt.

These two forms seem not specifically distinct.

1526. Rhizagrotis cloanthoides Grt.
1533. Rhizagrotis lagena Grt.

1601. Paragrotis punctigera Walk.
1609. Paragrotis nzevulus Smith.

Ten examples, quite variable, but all with the peculiar oval
bare spot on the front as in the types. One specimen, bred from
a pupa, has the hind wings nearly all gray. The others have
them more white, some almost all white, except the veins, this
irrespective of sex. The markings on the fore wings vary in
distinctness.

1649, Paragrotis messoria Harr.
1707. Paragrotis insulsa Walk.
1724. Paragrotis obeliscoides Guen.
1759. Ufeus plicatus Grt.

1945. Trichoclea antica Smith.
2138. Copicucullia antipoda Strk.
2218. Cosmia punctirena Smith.

Six examples, varying in shade. I cannot see in this more
than a variety of C. paleacea Esp.
2259. Calymnia orina Guen.

Several examples bred from larve on oak, mostly of the pale
form calamz.

Pseudacontia groteana, n. sp.

Black, thorax grayish; t. a. line obscure, fine, gray, waved; median
space black, orbicular and reniform outlined in white; t. p. line distinct,
white, even, strongly bowed out opposite the reniform, followed by white
powdering. Subterminal line irregular, defined by the gray shading
filling the terminal space. Expanse, 22 mm.

One male.

Type.—No. 6729, U. S. National Museum.

Looks like a large Stylopoda cephalica with less white. Must
also resemble aterrzma Grt., but the eyes are not ovate as Prof.
Smith says those of aterrima are. Respectfully dedicated to
Prof. A. R. Grote.

2444. Basilodes chrysopis Grt.

2448. Stiria rugifrons Grt.

2452. Stibadium spumosum Git.
2496. Autographa brassice Riley.
2745. Cissura inepta Hy. Edw.

2839. Catocala aspasia Strk.

2860. Catocala aholibah Strk.

2991. Homoptera calycanthata Sm. & Abb.
3092. Melalopha apicalis Walk.
3113. Hyperzeschra tortuosa Tepp.
3146. Ianassa coloradensis Hy. Edw.
3188. Notolophus oslari Barnes.

226 - ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

A dead male pupa and female larva in alcohol. These must
represent JV. oslarz, though without a perfect male, I am not
sure. A bred female was brought by Mr. Schwarz from Las
Vegas, New Mexico, and another female was sent me by Prof.
Cockerell from near the top of Tuerto Mt., near Santa-Fé, New
Mexico. These females have very dark abdominal clothing. The
larva closely resembles that of vefusta. All weretaken on Ad/es
concolor.

3209. Tolype glenwoodi Barnes.

This seems to me only a variety of velleda.
3215. Malacosoma fragilis Str.

3358. Hydriomena autumnalis Strém.
3435. Emplocia inconstans Gey.
3447. Ersephila indistincta Hulst.

A fine fresh specimen, bred from oak.
3482. Cosymbia serrulata Pack.

3557. Annemoria bistriaria Pack.
3631. Deilinia bifilata Hulst.

3635. Deilinia quadraria Grt.

3647. Sciagraphia granitata Guen.
3662. Sciagraphia atrofasciata Pack.
3767. Caripeta zqualiaria Grt.

3770. Phengommatea gertruda Hulst.
3773. Platzea trilinearia Pack.

3776. Cymatophora sericeata Hulst.

Four specimens, July 16-17, one labelled ‘‘ bred from green
and yellow banded larva on Cowanta mexicana.”
3791. Alcis spododea Hulst.

One & specimen. The lines are a little more upright and
straight than in Hulst’s 2 type before me and the median shade
is broader; but there is obviously no specific difference.

3800. Alcis haydenata Pack.
3824. Coenocharis interruptaria Grt.
Chesiadodes bidisata, n. sp.

Differs from Hulst’s definition of the genus in having the front
of head flat, but falls here in his synopsis, assuming that the 9
(which I have not) has developed wings.

Head and thorax light gray, black sprinkled. Fore wings trigonate,
light gray, densely sprinkled with black so as to appear dark stone gray.
T.-a. line distinct, heavy, black, nearly straight, preceded by a broad
aggregation of the dark scales, an aggregation of scales to form a broad,
clouded, discal spot; t. p. line heavy, black, bent out far beyond the dis-
cal spot, curved inward in a low broad arc below the cell, even, not waved;
a slight aggregation of black scales subterminally; a black terminal line
broken at the veins. Hind wings whitish, sprinkled with gray, most so
outwardly; a gray rounded discal spot and terminal blackish line. Be-
neath more whitish, the marks of fore wing very faintly reproduced, but
those of the hind wing more distinct than above. Expanse, 30 mm.

OF WASHINGTON. 227

One male.

Type.—No. 6730, U. S. National Museum.
3984. Metanema excelsa Strk.

Bred from a green larva on oak.
4007. Caberodes confusaria Hiibn.

The specimens are all undersized.

There are, besides, one Noctuid in rather poor condition and
two Geometrids not in the National Museum and which I cannot
place by Hulst’s tables, as but a single sex is before me.

Superfamily 7/VEHO/DEA (in part).

4329. Evergestis funalis Grote.

4342. Nomophila noctuella Den. & Schiff.

4358. Loxostege sticticalis Linn.

4359. Loxostege commixtalis Walk.

4374. Loxostege nasonialis Zell.

4404. Phlyctzenia itysalis Walk.

4476. Cornifrons simalis Grote.

4516. Pyralis farinalis Linn.

4614. Thaumatopsis repandus Grote.

4618. Ommatopteryx ocelleus Haw.

4727. Ambesa letella Grt.

4549. Hulstea undulatella Clem.
Thirty-two specimens, the most abundant species of Lepidop-

tera in the collection. June and July.

Homceosoma elongellum, n. sp.

Near uncanale Hulst, but the wings longer and narrower and more
whitish gray. Fore wing very narrow and elongate, stone gray, from
rather sparse black scales on a gray white ground, less numerous along
costal edge. Inner line whitish, very slightly produced outwardly cen-
trally, followed by a broad black shade; two superposed black discal dots ;
outer line whitish, confused, not contrasted, edged within by black which
runs obscurely to the discal dots at the slight upper indentation of the
line; an obsolete lower indentation on submedian fold. Hind wing
whitish, veins and margins gray. Expanse, 21-22 mm.

Three specimens, July 23 and 26.
Lype.—No. 6746, U. S. National Museum.

Maricopa lustrella’ n. sp.

3; fore wings with 11 veins, 2\and 3 separate near end of ce!l, 4 and 5
stalked, 8 and g long stalked, 10 dad 11 from cell; hind wings with 7
veins, 2 shortly before end of cell, 3 and 4 stalked. Palpi slender, closely
scaled, projecting about the length of the head in front, porrect; tongue
small, apparently coiled; antennz simple, scarcely pubescent, slightly
bent at base; wings elongate, trigonate.

Fore wing shining gray; ground color shining lilacine pale cinereous,

228 ENTOMOLUGIOAL SOCTETY

sprinkled with black scales; a black shade at base; inner line pale, a little
oblique, waved inward on submedian fold, narrowly edged with black
within and broadly so without; a rather large, diffuse, discal bar; outer
line parallel to external margin, remote from inner line, pale, narrowly
edged with black on both sides, slightly waved outward below cell. Hind
wing translucent pale gray. Expanse, 20 mm. :

One 4, June 7.
Type.—No. 6747, U. S. National Museum.

4981. Pterophorus monodactylus Linn.

4982. Pterophorus cretidactylus Fitch.

4989. Pterophorus grisescens Wals.
Pterophorus barberi, n. sp.

Palpi and tongue pale, face red brown, vertex white, posterior edge
brown-gray; thorax and fore wing light ocherous reddish, costal edge
gray; a few blackish dots along inner margin, at tip of second lobe and in
fissure; no spots; fringe gray. Hind wings dark gray. Expanse, 25 mm.

Two specimens, July 22 and 23. I have another specimen
from Yosemite Valley, California, which issued from pupa July
23, (Dyar).

Type.—No. 6749, U. S. National Museum.

Pterophorus caudelli, n. sp.

Head white, olivaceous behind. Fore wing yellowish white, shaded,
especially on the costal half with olivaceous gray, but the costal edge yel-
lowish white; veins lined in brownish gray, distinctly soon the second lobe ;
fringe pale, grayer on anal angle of second lobe. Hind wing dark gray,
fringe lighter, abdomen pale yellow; legs white, unmarked. Expanse,
24 mm.,

One specimen, July 23.

Type.—No. 6750, U. S. National Museum.

Stenoptilia schwarzi, n. sp.

Head yellowish white; thorax white; abdomen with slight black dorsal
dots at the ends of the three latter segments and a subdorsal line, empha-
sized at the ends of the segments. Fore wings grayish white, costal edge
black ; a diffuse grayish patch half way between base and fissure with an
elongate one below and within it; a similar diffuse patch at base of fissure ;
a series of brown scales along costal edge predominate over both lobes,
giving them a brown shade. Hind wings rather dark gray. Expanse,
32 mm.

One specimen, June 12. ‘
Type.—No. 6748, U. S. National Museum.
5085. Eucosma crambitana Wals.
One specimen in very poor condition.
5092. Eucosma agricolana Wals.
5157. Eucosma invicta Wals.

OF WASHINGTON. 229

Four examples, July 1, 7, and 16. All are a Itttle smaller than
Lord Walsingham’s measurements, 0’ 26, 2 27-30 mm. ; ‘the
head is white, not fawn brown, and there is no pink suffusion.
But the description applies so well otherwise that I cannot think
them specifically distinct.

Eucosma gilletteana, n. sp.

Allied to d0landerana Wals., but the wings more elongate and
the markings likewise more drawn out and less serpentine. Also
near agassizzi Robs., but the serpentine streak is obliquely
separated from the basal lanceolate portion.

Light brown, top of head, ends of patagia and center of thorax white.
A lanceolate white streak at base of fore wing, not reaching middle; be-
yond it a serpentine bar not touching costa at basal third nor outer margin
above anal angle, but almost doing so; a slightly oblique costal spot at
outer third and an apical one slightly oblique in the reverse direction; a
small, irregularly double spot on outer margin and fringe; a streak along
interior margin, nearly divided at basal third. Hind wings grayish, fringe
lighter. Expanse, 16-24 mm. 3

One 3’, June 16. [ have also three other oo and one x col-
lected in Colorado by Prof. C. P. Gillette.
Type.—No. 6737, U.S. National Museum.
Eucosma (?) edemoidana, n. sp.
Resembles Lord Walsingham’s figure of Semasza bucepha-
loides, but it is smaller, the head and thorax marked in yellow
and brown.

Palpi ocherous brown; head light ocher, brown at the sides; thorax
reddish brown, ocherous on the disk before. Fore wing gray, finely
transversely lined in dark gray; a straight heavier line at basal third de-
fines the darker basal portion, of which the costa at base is.ocherous
brown; middle of wing lighter, still crossed by the fine, strigose, trans-
verse lines; beyond this the transverse lines are again heavier, edged by
pale scales; terminal fourth of wing reddish and ocher, contrasting, nar-
~ rowed toward internal margin, bordered basally by pale gray scales and
crossed by a line of the same color with a few blackish scales centrally.
A dark terminal line; fringe ocherous, mixed with gray. Hind wing
blackish, fringe pale, interlined with gray. Expanse, 19 mm.

One 9°, July 1g. I have another 9 specimen from Las Vegas
Hot Springs, New Mexico. (Schwarz and Barber.)

Type.—No. 6740, U. S. National Museum.

5201. Thiodia obliterana Wals.

Nine specimens, bred from larve in the roots of Artemisia.
The specimens vary in the amount of ocherous shading on the
costal half of wings. In some this is quite pronounced, in others
fainter, but never absent as in Lord Walsingham’s figure. Ap-

230 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

parently they agree with the specimens mentioned as received by
him after the description had been drawn up. In the hind wings
vein 4 is absent. |
Thiodia-stygiana, n. sp.
A large species without costal fold in the 4, the outer margin
very distinctly sinuate; hind wings with veins 3 and 4 stalked,
5 arising very near the base of the stalk.

Fore wings sordid russet brown, in some specimens shading to light
gray on the costal edge, irrorate with brown; markings obsolete. The
brown tends to lie in strige along the costa, and very faintly forms oblique
lines on wing; it is darker and solid alonginternal margin. In the place
of the ocelloid patch are scattering black scales or dots. Fringe pale,
lustrous shining with a brown subbasal line. Hind wings and abdomen
brown black, very dark, contrasted; anal tuft light brown; fringe as on
fore wings. Expanse, 27-31 mm. 3

One § from Williams, Arizona, and five other specimens from
Colorado (Golden, May 29, June g and 19, Dyar and Caudell).

Type.—No. 6745, U. S. National Museum.

I should certainly have supposed this large and conspicuous
species to have been described before, as it seems not rare in the
eastern foothills of the Rocky Mountains, but Iam unable to find
a description applicable to it. It resembles Lord Walsingham’s
figures of Pediscatrroratana, perdricana and fulminana, but
the four males before me show no sign of the costal fold.

I havea much paler specimen in which the gray occupies nearly
all the wing and the black dots on ocelloid patch are distinct, from
Easton, Washington (A. Koebele, through C. V. Riley), which
suggests Zeller’s figure of 7. rasslert, and my stygéana may
prove to be a form of that species.

5210. Proteopteryx emarginana Wals.

One specimen like Lord Walsingham’s figure 2.
5222. Epinotia lagopana Wals.

One fresh 9 specimen, July 23.

Epinotia favillana, n. sp.

Male without costal fold, outer margin of fore wings not sin-
uate. Resembles somewhat Lord Walsingham’s figure of
Pedisca carolinana, but with differently disposed markings.

Fore wings white with a faint purplish tint, heavily marked with black-
ish brown. A broad, dark basal area with edge indented on costa, cell
and submedian fold, mixed with white scales toward base; a broad
median band from costa to internal margin, its edge nearly straight, with
some black and leaden scales toward costa; costal edge with dark strige ;
terminal third of wing with white ground prevailing, the margin edged
with brown black, broadest at apex; a large dark spot subterminally be-
tween veins 5:and 7, continued as a slightly oblique band to inner margin

OF WASHINGTON. 931

and partly overlaid with white scales so as to appear gray; an obscure
patch of leaden scales follows this spot in the apical dark band. Fringe
dark. Hind wings gray. Expanse, 20 mm.

Three specimens, June, ‘* bred from flower stalk.” The name
of the plant was not determined as only the dead and dried flower
stalks were observed.

Epinotia (?) cornutana, n. sp.

- Resembles Zxarmonta vitrana Wals. Head pale fuscous. Body and
wings brownish black, the outer part of fore wings with metallic bluish
scales. A thick, geminate, oblique white bar on middle of internal mar-
gin, joins a similar one on dorsal margin, forming at the junction a beak-
like projection of the black dorsal space. Beyond, four pairs of short,
geminate, white costal streaks, the basal pair more oblique and remote
than the others. The ocelloid patch consists of four dumbbell-shaped
black bars on a grayish white ground, edged with scattered metallic
scales. A white dash in the margin below veins 3 and 7 cuts the narrow
black marginal line; fringe brown, shining. Expanse, 17 mm.

One female, July 22.

Type.—No. 6742, U. S. National Museum.
5320. Acleris foliana Wals.

5334. Epagoge tunicana Wals.
5365. Archips argyrospila Walk. |

One female in very bad condition seems probably referable
here.

5405. 1. Tortrix semicirculana Fern.

One specimen agreeing with Prof. Fernald’s description. I
have also five others taken at Las Vegas Hot Springs, New
Mexico (Schwarz and Barber). It greatly resembles guerczfoli-
ana Fitch, but the more pronounced lines of the fore wings run
in a reversed direction.

Tortrix dorsalana, n. sp.

Head and fore wings light straw color; an oblique band of fuscous
brown from middle of costa to before anal angle, broken across the cell;
a small spot on outer third of costa obscurely continued to anal angle by
a somewhat curved streak; a spot on inner third of dorsal margin, ex-
tending upward in a few small strige. Markings all pulverulent or
strigose, more or less reduced, especially on the costal portions so that in
one specimen the only markings left are a large blotch before tornus and
a small spot on the inner third of dorsal margin. Hind wings whitish,
more or less tinged with gray. Expanse, 18-24 mm.

Four o'o’, four 22, three bred from oak, two from acciden-
tally found pupe, others taken June 30 and July 23.

Zype.—No. 6736, U. S. National Museum.
5438. Phalonia felix Wals.

232 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

Two examples bred from larve in stem of Artemisia and
another labelled ‘‘ bred probably from oak,” but I think this is a
mistake. I have the species also from Las Vegas, New Mexico,
May 5 and June 6 (T. D. A. Cockerell) and Wilgus, Cochise
Co., Arizona (Dr. Barnes).

Phalonia unistrigana, n. sp.

Wings elongate and rounded, palpi short. Ground color white, over-
washed on the fore wings irregularly with faint ocherous, the white re-
maining in patches in and below cell, on internal margin and in a trans-
verse band at outer third of wing. A narrow, broken, oblique black-
brown line, directed from middle of inner margin to outer third of costa,
not reaching inner margin, broken centrally, the lower part forming a
rounded bar, the upper part more diffuse; a series of diffuse, irregular,
dark dots in apical portion, in some specimens confined to apical margin,
in others spread as far as tornus and situated on white ground color.
Hind wing dark gray, fringe paler except at anal angle. Expanse,
18-22 mm.

Three 22, June 9. Also a male from Flagstaff, Arizona.
(Schwarz and Barber.)

Type.—No. 6741, U. S. National Museum.

Besides the species listed above, there are eight other species
_ of Pyralids, mostly Phycitine, and all but one females. Their
position can therefore not be determined and they will have to
await mates before being described. One of them is very strik-
ingly marked. ,

The paper was discussed by Messrs. Howard and Ashmead.
Mr. Ashmead mentioned a new and curious Mutillid collected
by Messrs. Schwarz and Barber in Arizona. He said that
special efforts should be made to collect wingless females of
Mutillide in association with the males, as it was almost im-
possible to determine them when taken singly.

— The following paper by Mr. Caudell was read by the Record-
ing Secretary :

NOTES ON THE NOMENCLATURE OF BLATTIDZE.
By A. N. CaupgLt.

During the past year two attempts have been made to deter-
mine the type species of the Linnean genus B/atta. In Ento-
mological News, Volume xili, page tor, Mr. James A. G. Rehn
applied the process of elimination to the problem, only non-exotic
species being considered in accordance with Canon xxili of the

OF WASHINGTON, 233

A. O. U. Code. He arrived at the conclusion that Blatta orien-
tals Linneus is the type of the genus. But unfortunately the
author gives in his table of elimination the date of the removal of
orientalis from the genus Alaite as 1846, when in fact it was
placed in the genus Ste/eofyga by Fischer in 1833,* and four
years previous to that date into the genus Aakerlac by Latreille.t
The only other non-exotic species, /apponica, was removed from
Blatta to Ectobius by Westwood in 1835.{ Thus, of the non-
exotic species, /apponica was last removed and is, therefore, the
type of Blatta as determined by the method of elimination when
properly applied to the non-exotic species only.

Dr. Krauss, in his recent most valuable communication on the
nomenclature of the Orthoptera,§ also appliés the method of elim-
ination, but, unlike Rehn, considers all the species originally in-
cluded under the genus, both exotic and non-exotic. By this
means he shows surznzamensis to be the last removed, except
nivea, Which was simultaneously removed, both being included in
Burmeister’s genus Pazchlora. Later, 1865,|| Brunner removed
surinamensts to his new subgenus Leucophea. This, reasons
Dr. Krauss, makes Leucophea and Llatia synonymous, each
having surzzamensis as the type species.

Both of the above attempts at fixing the type of this genus, no
-matter how well done or how satisfactory the results may be to
the respective authors, are, in the writer’s opinion, wholly unnec-
essary and fruitless. As a matter of fact the type of Blatta was
clearly designated many years ago. In 18074 Latreille included
ortentalis alone under the genus, and on this fact Dr. Krauss
bases the statement that orzextalzs was described as typical at
that date. But five years prior to that date** Latreille specified
ortentalts as the example (example here obviously used in the
sense of type) of the genus A/atia. Then, in 1810tt the same
author definitely designates orzentalis as the type of Blatia, here
using the word type. Now this author, writing as he did at a
time before any of the original species had been removed from
the genus, certainly had the right to designate which of them
should constitute the generic type. A valid, non-exotic species,
and one originally placed in the genus, having been specifically
designated as the type, should never be changed, even by the one
so designating it. Otherwise there can obviously never be a sta-

* Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc., vi, p. 366.

+ Cuvier’s Regne Animal, V (Ins. ii), p. 175. 1829.

{ Stephen’s Illustrations of British Entomology, Mandibulata, vi, p. 45.
§ Zoologischen Anzeiger, xxx, p. 530, Aug., 1902.

|| Nouveau Systeme des Blattaires, p. 278.

{ Genera Crustaceorum et Insectorum, iii, p. 83.

** Histoire Naturelle, iii, p. 269, 1802.

tt Consid. Crust. Arachn. et Insectes, p. 433.

&

234 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

ble nomenclature. Thus ordzentalis is the type of the genus
Blatta.

Mr. D. W. Cogquillett has recently called my attention to the
fact that the dipterous genus Phyllodromia of Zetterstedt was
described in 1837,* and not, as recorded by Agassiz and Scudder,
in 1842. The orthopterous genus Phyllodrom/Za, being thus pre-
occupied in the Diptera, must necessarily fall. Being a valid
genus, of which Blatta germanica Linneus isthe type and hav-
ing no synonyms, a new name isunavoidable. The generic name
Liattel/a is here proposed for it.

Dr. Gill said that he upheld the conclusions Mr. Caudell had
drawn in his paper.

Dr. Howard said that in his opinion there is a distinct ethical

question involved in the proposal of new generic names to take
the place of those preoccupied. While it is true that any one
who makes the discovery of preoccupation has a right to propose
a new name, and probably a moral right, he considers such action
discourteous to the author if the author be still living and engaged
in active work, and also discourteous to specialists in the group
involved if the person making the change is not himself a spe-
cialist in the same group. . As an example, he would not himself
think of proposing a new name in the Lepidoptera unless he had
previously notified the author of the name of the fact of preoccu-
pation, and had indicated to- him the desirability that he should
himself propose a new name. Failing that, he would not pro-
pose a new name unless he had notified some other well-known
worker in Lepidoptera of the preoccupation and had suggested
that he propose a new name. In other words, in his opinion it
is bad form for a man who is not a specialist in a group to pro-
pose a generic name in that group.
_ Mr. Ashmead agreed with Dr. Howard’s views and spoke
further in criticism of the extensive: proposing of new specific
names, as in Dalla Torre’s Catalogue, in consequence of
homonymy within the genus. He thought the uniting of so
many genera not justified and that the new names would have to
be rejected.

Dr. Dyar thought that personal considerations should not

*Isis, p. 31.

OF WASHINGTON. 935

enter into the question of scientific nomenclature. He thought
that any one discovering a preoccupied name not only had a
right to propose a new one, but it was his duty to do so, without
waiting to see if he was trespassing on any one’s preserves. He
deprecated the practice of waiting for some one else to correct a
homonym, for the chances were that this might not be done for a
long time, and the error thus lost sight of and perpetuated.
Provided the proposer of new names had enough knowledge of
the group not to make matters worse by proposing a new name
when there was an old synonym that could be resurrected, he
thought such persons were conferring a favor on science and should
not be discouraged by disparaging comment. In reply to Mr.
Ashmead’s remarks he pointed out that the changes in names in
Dalla Torre’s Catalogue were unavoidable and perfectly proper,
after the several genera had been united, and that such a union
of genera was well within the right of the cataloguer. ,

Dr. Gill said that his views coincided with those of Dr. Dyar,
and Mr. Pollard stated that in proposing new names in botany
the personal element was eliminated.

Why

Mr. Busck has submitted the following paper for publication :

DIMORPHISM IN THE CODLING MOTH.
(Cydia simpsoniz, n. var.)
By Avucust Buscx.

In his bulletin on the Codling moth,* Mr. C. B. Simpson men-
tions a moth ‘* Found on the trunk of an apple tree that had all
the appearance of a codling moth, except the color, which was
buff and gold throughout, the bronze spot being much the same
as in the codling moth. During the summer of 1901, 4 well-
preserved and 8 badly worn specimens, having the same color,
were bred among the common codling moth from apple, and 2
others were observed in the field. Mr. Hitt, of Weiser, Idaho,
found 7 of these moths among 50 moths bred in 1896. Whether
this is a variety of Carpocapsa pomonella or another species,
has not yet been determined.’ [Simpson.]

During last summer, Mr. Simpson bred 6 more of these light-

* Bull. Div. Ent., U. S. Dept. Agric. (new series), No. 35, 1902, p. 14.

a

ENTOMOLOGICAL _ SOCIETY 0 oe dhe oe es

at Boise, Idaho. These specimens were submitted to the writer
for determination, and I have carefully examined them structu-
rally in comparison with the common form of Cydza pomonella
Linné. I do not think there can be any doubt about their being
this species ; the oral parts, the venation, the secondary male sexual
character of the hind wing and the external sexual organs of both
sexes are identically as found in the common dark form of the
codling moth. The general pattern of ornamentation is also the
same, but the coloration is so strikingly different that the variety
deserves a special name, the more so as no intermediate forms
seem to occur. I propose that it be known as Cydza pomonella
Linné, var. simpsonzc. |

Instead of the dark fuscous color of the common form, the variety is
light buff with slightly darker buff transverse striation. In the common
form the fore wings are finely irrorated with white, each scale being slightly
white tipped; in s¢mfsonzz the scales are not white tipped. The terminal
patch, which in the common form is dark coppery brown, nearly black,
and with dark violaceous metallic streaks, is in s¢mfsonz? light fawn brown
with pure golden metallic streaks. The extreme apical edge before the
cilia is in the common form black, in the variety reddish brown, and the
cilia in s¢mpsouzi are light golden ochreous instead of the dark fuscous of
the common form. The head, palpi, body, legs, and the tuft of hairs on
the hind wings of the male are correspondingly light buff-colored in the
variety instead of dark fuscous as in the common form.

Besides Mr. Simpson’s specimens, in which both sexes are
equally represented, there is in the U. S. National Museum a
single female labeled Cook, California, July 30, 1883.
Type.—No. 6803, U. S. National Museum.

an cous Notes « on 1 Brackenridge Cleneae ype of Tineina, ae
1815. eeporntaets in the. aaron’ Moth (Odea sic een ae

“Chvour.: A.N.: Notes on the nomenclature of Blattide eeeseeseaeees 232°
_ yar, Harrison G.: Some recent work in North American eee Y
tera, 167; A new genus and species of Geometride, 178; Note
‘on the North American white- marked species of Eucosma, 179;
List of Lepidoptera taken at Williams, Arizona, by Mesa. ,
Schwarz and Barber—I. Papilionoidea, Sphingoidea, pene ;
-coidea, Pnnioides a PATE) essrssecseer taney seaeeneeeed ences a

PROCEEDINGS

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LEPIDOPTERA—Note on Sinatiue offectalié Hulst and allied
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be ‘ a 1QO3. 2 PPsveeccarccvessesscerenscersnsencesvesven Perereriveevery here rr ere err ere

ne - New North Nidevicay Lepidoptera with rotons on larve. By
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1903. g pp... SPOOR OH Oe Oe H OS PET HHS FOOSE EEE OHSESEHE Hee eee SEER CET EEE HOH EEE
A review of the North American species of the Lepidopterous
family Anthroceridw. By Harrison G. Dyar. -1903. 8 pp...

A. revision of the Boreal-American species of Nonagria. By
Jon B. OAithy SCM GOSS 13 DS Te Pity yen wiednvedah eee dps cecne

Panes : -NEUROPTERA—Neuropteroid insects from Arizona, By Nathan >

Banks. 1903. 9 pp.,1 pl....... phic te Adinic. SaaGhbadesyenads cacy anene
Myrmeleonide from Arizona. By Rolla Pp. Cierie. 1903.

13 OD hei aca seiieciodsuad ewaede Weds Mad ewe Ra wee Rha enh sh bees ceases ke
The Odonata collected by Messrs. Schwarz and Barber in Ari-
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OF WASHINGTON, 237

—The three following papers were read by title:

NEUROPTEROID INSECTS FROM ARIZONA.
By Natuan Banks.

The following species of Neuropteroid insects were captured
by Messrs. E. A. Schwarz and H. S. Barber in Arizona in 1gotr.
I have included some taken by Mr. E. J. Oslar during the season
of 1902, by Mr. H. G. Hubbard in the year 1897, by Messrs.
Hubbard and Schwarz in 1898, by Mr. R. E. Kunze in 1897 and
1898, and a few by Cockerell and by Morse. The dragon-flies
and ant-lion flies are not included. The total number is about
40 species ; especially complete is the series of Chrysopide and
Hemerobiide. The other groups are poorly represented.

Most of the species from Williams show close affinity to the
Colorado fauna, but there are distinct indications of relation to
the fauna of Southern California. A number of species are known
to occur in Mexico, and one of these was not previously known
from the United States. Two species have not been determined
specifically. :

The species most abundantly represented, and therefore proba-
bly the most common, are Cad/¢betis undata, Chrysopa caltfor-
nica, Eremochrysa punctinervis, Micromus variolosus, and
Flemerobius perparvus. These are typical southwestern species,
none of them being known from the eastern States,

Order ARCHIPTERA.
Family PSOCID/E.

Psocus conspersus, n. sp.

Dark brown or nearly black, head dull; legs pale brownish; antenne
brown, pale at base. Wings hyaline; pterostigma brown, venation mostly
brown, hind margin with two brown or black spots, one before the mid-
dle, the other close to the base; another spot near base of the closed cell
in middle of wing; elsewhere the wing is sprinkled with minute dark dots,
none, however, very close to the margin; hind wings unmarked, venation
brown. Antenne quite long and slender, front of head swollen. Wings
moderately long; pterostigma rather large, rounded behind; the closed
cell quadrangular, as wide at base as at the tip, nearly twice as long as
broad.

Length, 3 mm.

A few specimens from Williams, July 24 and 27.

Type.—No. 6794, U. S. National Museum.

The National Museum also has specimens from Tucson, col-
lected January 5 (Hubbard).
Psocus sp.

One specimen of a handsome species, related to P. sparsus,
from Oracle, July 15 (Schwarz). ae

238 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

Family EPHEMERID.

Callibeetis tessellata Hagen.
One specimen from Williams, July 16.
Callibeetis undata Pictet.
Many specimens from Williams, June 16 to July 27.
Common in Mexico.
Tricorythus explicatus Eaton.
Several specimens from Copper Basin, July 8 (Oslar).
Previously known from Sonora and Vera Cruz, Mexico.
Callibetis sp.
One female from Catalina Springs, May 4 (Schwarz), appears
to belong to another species.

Order NEUROPTERA.
Family SIALIDA.

Chauliodes filicornis, n. sp.

Dull black; vertex with some shining scars; antenne pale yellowish
brown, with black hair. Legs brownish, blacker toward tip; abdomen
brownish, last segment black, above shining. Wings densely fimbriate
with brown, more heavily at pterostigma, and a black band near base of
wing from the radius back to the anal vein; a rather large brown spot
between radial sector and median vein behind the pterostigma; venation
brown, interrupted with whitish. Hind wings much less heavily marked,
except in the costal region. Structure similar to C. angusticollis Hagen.
Antenne moniliform, long and slender, each joint with a circle of black
hair around middle.

Length to tip of wings, 44 mm.

Zype.—One male from Jerome, June 24 (QOslar), in the collec-
tion of the author.

Differs from C. angusticollis in color of head, markings of
wings, shape of genitalia, and larger size.

There is a female in the National Museum collection from Pine
Cafion, Chiricahua Mountains, collected by Mr. H. G. Hubbard
on June 29.

Corydalis cognata Hagen.

Several specimens from Phenix and Rio Verde (Oslar).

Previously known from New Mexico. There are also speci-
mens in the National Museum from Pheenix, Ariz., collected by
Mr. Kunze in April, May, June, July and August.

Family RAPHIDIID.

Raphidia assimilis Albarda.
Williams, May 26 to July 23; Catalina Springs, April 22
(Schwarz). |
Occurs also in Colorado.

OF WASHINGTON. 239

Raphidia minuta, n. sp.

Blackish, mandibles yellowish, basal joints of antenne pale, anterior
part of prothorax rather more reddish; legs pale yellowish; wings hyaline,
pterostigma bicolored. Antenne rather short and fine, prothorax nar-—
rowed in front and slightly constricted before the middle; its length
scarcely more than the head. Ovipositor as long as abdomen; male gen-
italia very prominent and distinct. Wings with three cells beneath the
pterostigma as in A. dzcolor, and in other ways much like this species;
only six cross-veins in costal region.

Length to tip of wings, 11-14 mm.

Specimens from Williams, June ro (type) to July 17; Flag-
staff, July 5; also from Las Vegas Hot Springs, New Mexico,
August 6.

Type.—No. 6795, U.S. National Museum.

Family MANTISPID.

Mantispa sayi Banks.

One specimen, Williams, June 16; another, Hot Springs,
June 28.

Previously known from Florida and Texas.
Symphasis signata Hagen.

Two specimens from Hot Springs, June 27. Also from Santa
Rita Mountains, July 7 (Schwarz).

This is a distinctly southern form, occurring in southern Cali-
fornia and in Mexico.

Family CHRYSOPID/.

Eremochrysa punctinervis McLachlan.

Many specimens from Williams, May 29 to July 15; Oracle,
July 5 (Schwarz) ; San Simon, July 6 (Hubbard) ; Winslow, July
31; Catalina Springs, April 18, May 9 (Schwarz).

A distinctly southern species, occurring from Texas to Cali-
fornia.

Chrysopa schwarzi Banks.
One from Prescott, April 10 (Oslar).
The type is from New Mexico.

Chrysopa coloradensis Banks.
Williams, July 22 and 25.
Abundant in Colorado.
Chrysopa sabulosa Banks.
One from Prescott, April 7 (Oslar).
The type is from Colorado.
Chrysopa chlorophana Burmeister.
Bright Angel, July 12; Flagstaff, July 5; Prescott, April 4
(Oslar). .

A species of the northern States.

240 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

Chrysopa arizonensis Banks.

Yuma (Morse). This is the type specimen.
Chrysopa externa Hagen.

Williams, July 28 and 29; Hot Springs, June 26; Flagstaff,
July 6; Ft. Grant, July 16 (Hubbard).

Chrysopa californica Coquillett.

Williams, July; Winslow, July 31; Chiricahua Mountains,
July 1 (Hubbard) ; Tucson, April 29 and July 20 (Schwarz);
Prescott, June 26; Buckeye (Cockerell); Tempe, March 28
(Cockerell) ; Catalina Springs, May 9, and Santa Rita Moun-
tains, June 8 and 14 (Schwarz).

Common in the West.

Chrysopa erythrocephala Banks.
One from Bright Angel, July 12.
A western species.

Chrysopa rufilabris Burmeister.

One from Williams, July 24.

An eastern species. This specimen does not appear to differ
from typical examples..

Family HEMEROBITD/E.

Polystcechotes punctatus Drury.
From Williams, July 29 and 30; Salt River, April 17 (Oslar).
Distributed throughout the United States.

Megalomus latus, n. sp.

Head pale brown, antenne rather paler; thorax darker brown, abdomen
brown; legs yellowish. Wings hyaline, veins densely dotted with brown;
around the margin dark spots alternate with pale; first gradate series
marked with black, second curved and less distinct; a rather large black-
ish spot on the middle of hind margin. Hind wings hyaline, costal area
and apical venation brown; also two brown spots on hind margin. Fore
wings very broad, especially the costal area at base; five or six radial
sectors, the first soon forked; veins very close together; first gradate series
.straight, oblique; second curved, following the outline of wing. Nearly
all the costal veinlets before pterostigma are forked. In hind wings there
are four branches of the radial sector; the costal cross-veinlets are very
numerous...

Length of body, 8 mm.; expanse, 18 mm.

One specimen from Williams, July 24.

Type.—No. 6796, U. S. National Museum.

There are also specimens in the Barber & Schwarz collection
from Las Vegas Hot Springs, New Mexico.
Berotha occidentalis Banks.

Two from Santa Rita Mountains, May 31, and Oracle, July 15
(Schwarz).

Occurs also in Nevada.

OF WASHINGTON. ZA)

Micromus variolosus Hagen.

Many from Williams, May 30 to July 29; Hot Springs, June
26; Prescott, June 19; Flagstaff, July 2 to 5; Winslow, July 31;
Santa Rita Mountains, June 18 (Schwarz) ; Chiricahua Moun-
tains, June 9 (Hubbard).

Common in the West.

Hemerobius meestus Banks.

One from Williams, July 29.

Also common in the West.
Hemerobius coloradensis Banks.

Several from Bright Angel, July 13; Williams, May 28 to 30.
Hemerobius pacificus Banks.

One from Williams, May 27.

Occurs also in Washington.

Hemerobius transversus Banks.
One from Williams, July 24.
Occurs also in Colorado.

Hemerobius schwarzi, n. sp.

Face shining black; vertex and antenne pale yellowish; pronotum and
rest of thorax pale, a black band across front of mesothorax, indistinct
dark spots above on meso- and metathorax. Abdomen brownish; legs
pale yellow. Wings very pale yellowish hyaline, the main veins lightly
spotted with black, but the margin of wing unmarked. The first gradate
series broken, the posterior part and the median part clouded with brown,
so that each wing appears to have two brown spots near middle; in hind
wings the veins all pale and unmarked. In fore wings the median is not
bent toward cubitus, so that the basal cross-veins there are of sub-equal
length. In the hind wings the first fork of the radial sector is as far out
as the fork of median vein.

Length of body, 8 mm.; expanse, Ig mm.

One specimen from Williams, July 23.

Type.—No. 6797, U. S. National Museum.

It has also been taken at Mesilla, New Mexico.
Hemerobius barberi, n. sp. |

Head pale yellowish; antennez pale, marked with black near base and
tip as in allied species; thorax pale, darker on sides ; abdomen brownish ;
legs pale yellow. Wings pale; the fore wings finely and evenly irrorate
with light brown, except the base is paler and there is a larger patch near
middle of hind margin, and one in anal area. The venation is pale, with
brown dots, and there are white spots along the margin. The hind wings
are hyaline, with pale venation, except that around the margins is more
brownish. The fore wings are rather long and narrow, longer than in
allied species, and the costal area is broad at base; there are but two radial
sectors.

Length of body, 3.5 mm.; expanse, 11 mm.

949 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

‘Two specimens from Williams, July 20 and 21.
Type.—No. 6798, U.S. National Museum.

A specimen from Los Decoles California, appears to be the
same species.

Hemerobius perparvus McLachlan.

Several examples from Williams, May 28; Bright Angel, July
12 to 173 Oracle, July 9 (Schwarz).

This species is common from Texas to California.
Hemerobius umbratus, n, sp. :

Dark shining brown; abdomen rather paler brown; antenne and legs
pale yellow. Fore wings uniformly dark brown; hind wings nearly hya-
line, except the brown costal streak; all venation brown, unmarked. In
structure similar to H. occidentalis Fitch; the first sector of radius con-
nected to lower fork of the second sector, the first sector not being forked
till near tip of wing. The costal area is quite broad at base.

Length of body, 3.5 mm.; expanse, 10 mm.

One specimen from Williams, June ro.

Type.—No. 6799, U. S. National Museum.

Readily distinguished from all other species by the uniform
dark colored fore wings. I have what is probably the same spe-
cies from New Mexico, but the specimen is not in good condition.

Family CONIOPTERYGIDZ.
Coniopteryx sp.
Specimens from Willliams, May 29; Ashfork, June 18.

Order TRICHOPTERA.

Family SERICOSTOMATID.
Helicopsyche sp.
One specimen from Santa Rita Mountains, June 15 (Schwarz).
Probably new, but closely related to 7. calzfornica:

Family LEPTOCERID/E.
Leptocella minuta Banks.

Two from Hot Springs, August 21, appear to be identical with
the type from Pullman, Washington.

Family RHYACOPHILIDE.
Chimarrha angustipennis, n. sp.

Black; legs pale, spines dark; wings fumose, with black venation.
Very similar in structure to Ch. aterrima, but both pairs of wings are
narrower than in that species; the closed discal cell is plainly shorterand
the forks are longer than in that species. Otherwise the species are very
close to each other.

Length, 5 mm.; expanse, 11 mm.

Several specimens from Hot Springs, June 21 and 22.

Type.—No. 6800, U. S. National Museum.

OF WASHINGTON. 243

PLATE LV.

244 | ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

Family HYDROPSYCHID.
Polycentropus, sp. |

Four specimens from Santa Rita Mountains, May and June
(Schwarz).

It is probably a new species.

Hydropsyche divisa, n. sp.

Head black; face with silvery hair; vertex with erect black hair; behind
with white hair; antenne brown, ringed with white; thorax black, with
appressed white hair in the middle; abdomen brown; legs pale yellowish,
darker above at tips of tibie, and the tarsi often marked with brown;
spurs yellow. Wings brown, marked with some small white patches ; just
before the pterostigma is a white band extending back to the median vein,
broadest on the costa; and from the arculus there extends forward a nar-
row curved white band, nearly touching the other one, so that the wing
is nearly divided by a white band beyond the middle. Sometimes there
are indications of another white band half way from this one to the base.
Beyond the band the wing is paler than before, with more pale hairs.
The fringe around the tip is blackish at tips of veins and yellowish be-
tween. Hind wings are fumose, with blackish fringe and venation.

Structure similar to other small species; the hind tibiz are sparsely
fringed on the posterior side.

Length, 7 mm.

Several specimens from Salt river, April 10 (Oslar).
7'ype.—In the author’s collection.

Family LIMNEPHILIDE.
Anabolina, n. gen.

A Limnephilid; peculiar in that the female has but three spurs on the
hind tibiz, while the male has four; a condition unknown so far in this
family. Three spurs on middle tibiw. Anterior wings rather slender,
lightly rounded at tip; in hind wings the fourth apical cell is narrow at
base, the fifth quite broad; the discal cell rather longer than apicals. In
fore wing the discal cell is very long; the pterostigma is quite distinct,
and the radial vein is bent close by. Ocelli moderately large; two trans-
verse warts on vertex; basal joint of antenne rather short; prothorax
extremely short; anterior tarsi of male not elongated. |

Type: A. diversa Banks.

In the present condition of the classification of the Limnephili-
dee this must be a separate genus; but the spur formula is not a
sure criterion and I hope it may soon be displaced by some better
character, drawn perhaps from the chetotaxy of the head and
thorax.’

Anabolina diversa, n.sp.
Face pale, with golden hair, and black bristles on the sides; vertex
brownish, with some short white hairs, a few black bristles behind each

OF WASHINGTON, 245

antenna and a wart on each: side of vertex bearing a row of..black
bristles. Thorax with a broad white stripe in middle, dark brown on the
sides; pleurz yellowish; abdomen brown above, paler beneath. Antenne
pale yellowish brown; legs rather paler, with many black spines; spurs
yellowish. Wings hyaline, with gray hairs; venation pale, irregularly
marked with brown, the cubitus and anal more heavily marked; ptero-
stigma rather distinct. Hind wings gray hyaline, venation brownish, a
brown dot in base of third apical cell; fringe short and brown in ‘both
pairs.
Length, 16 mm.

Several specimens, Prescott. June 19 to 25 (Oslar).
Z7ype.—lIn the author’s collection.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE IV.

Psocus conspersus, wing.

Hemerobius schwarzi, male appendages.
Flemerobius cockereliz, male appendages (inverted).
Flemerobius perparvus, male appendages.
Anabolina diversa, male appendages.
Hlemerobius umbratus, male appendages.
Raphidia minuta, male appendages.
Flemerobius pacificus, male appendages.

. Chauliodes filicornis, appendages, top view.
10. Chauliodes filicornis, appendages, side view.
11. Chrysopa schwarzi, head.

12. Hydropsyche divisa, wing.

AI AnrBWnd 4

No)

THE GENERA OF THE DIPTEROUS FAMILY EMPIDIDA,
WITH NOTES AND NEW SPECIES.

By D. W. Coquitterr.

The present paper is an attempt to settle the type species of
each North American and European genus of Empidide, and to
bring some kind of system out of the present confused condition
into which the genera of this family have fallen. Our own fauna
is so similar to that of Europe that our students cannot well afford
to ignore the latter when working with specimens from this coun-
try. Of the generic names adopted in the synoptic table given in
my Revision of the North American Empide, comparatively few
changes are necessary: thus Hlemerodromza includes more than
one genus, and this is also true of Zachydromia; Mantipeza
gives way to Chel/fera,a much older name; Rhamphomyia
gives place to the much earlier Macrostomus, as Sciodromita
does to the earlier Hleleodromia; Syneches is replaced by the
much earlier Acromya, as Cyrtoma is by the earlier B/cellaria.

In regard to the earliest date of each genus, the rule has been

246 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

adopted that the name dates from its earliest appearance in print
if accompanied by a description or by the name of a described
species ; on the other hand, when both the name of the genus and
of the species listed under it are simply manuscript names, it is
evident that as yet the genus can have no standing.

&

HISTORICAL.

In the following list all generic names are given in regular
alphabetical order, valid genera in bold-faced type, synonyms in
italics.

Acromyia Latreille, Gen. Crust. Ins.,1v, 305, 1809. (Syneches
Walker, 1852; Pterospilus Rondani, 1856.)

Type: Asclus muscartus Fabricius.

Latreille placed Acromyza Bonelli (evidently a MS. name) as a synonym
of Hybos Meigen, gave a brief description of the genus, and mentioned |
Acromyta astliformis Bonelli, Stomoxys astliform¢s Fabricius (==Aszlus
muscartus Fabricius, according to Meigen,* repeated by Schinert).

Anthalia Zetterstedt, Ins. Lappon., 538, 1838.
Type: Anthalia gyllenhali Zetterstedt.

Zetterstedt described three species as new, the first, A. gyllenhali.

Anthepiscopus Becker, Wiener Ent. Zeit., x, 281, November
30, 189I.
- Type: Anthepiscopus ribesti Becker.
Becker described two species as new and figured the first, A. rzbeszz.
Ardoptera Macquart, Ins. Dipt. Nord France, Separata, 106,
1827. (== Dolichocephala Macguart, 1823.)
Type: Zachydromia trrorata Fallen.
Work not seen by the writer, but Macquart latert mentions only one
species in this genus, Zachkydromta trrorata Fallen.

Bergenstammia Mik, Verh. k. k. Ges. Wien 1881, 326,
1882. :
Type: Clinocera nudipes Loew.

Mik mentioned only one species, Clinocera nudipes Loew.

Bicellaria Macquart, Recueil Trav. Soc. Sci. Agr. Arts Lille,
155, 1823. (Cyrtoma Meigen, 1824.)

Type: Hmpis spurza Fallen.

Macquart described one species as new, B. nigra (= Empis spurta Fal-
len).

Blepharoprocta Loew, Berl. Ent. Zeitsch.,vi1, 194, May, 1862.

Type: Brachystoma nigrimana Loew.

Loew mentioned three species, the first, Brachystoma nigrimana Loew.

* Syst. Besch.. 11, 349.
+t Faun. Aus.. Dipt., 1. 77.
t Hist. Nat. Dipt., 1, 358, 1834.

OF WASHINGTON. 247

Boreodromia Coquillett, new genus.
Type: Syxamphotera bicolor Loew.

Brachystoma Meigen, Syst. Besch., 11, 12, 1822.

Type: Syrphus vesiculosus Fabricius.

Meigen described two species, B. longicornts, new species, and Syrphus
vesiculosus Fabricius. Westwood* designated longicoruzs as the type, but
referred to the figure of veszcudosus as a typical figure. Rondanit selected
longicoruts as the type of his new genus T7r7¢chopeza, and designated vesz-
culosus as the type of Brachystoma.

Chamadipsia Mik, Verh. k. k. Ges. Wien 1881, 326, 1882.
Type: Clinocera hastata Mik.

Mik mentioned only one species, Clézocera hastata Mik.

Chelifera Macquart, Recueil Trav. Soc. Sci. Agr. Arts Lille,
150, 1823. (Mantipeza Rondani, 1856; Polydromya Bigot,
1857.)

Type: Zachydromia precatoria Fallen.

Macquart described one species as new, C. raptor, but on page 165
he states that it is identical with Hemerodromta monostigma Meigen
(= Tachydromta precatorta Fallen, according to Schiner,t and Loew$).

Chelipoda Macquart, Recueil Trav. Soc. Sci. Agr. Arts hulle;
148, 1823. (Lepidomya Bigot, 1857.)
Type: Empis melanocephala Fabricius.

‘

Macquart described two species, Zachydromta mantispa Panzer (an
erroneous identification, a§ the species is credited with a discal cell), and
C. miner, new species, but on page 165 he states that the latter is identi-
cal with Hemerodromia mantispa Meigen (== Tachydromia mantispa
Panzer = Emfpis onlenerep nels Fabricius, according to Meigen,|| and
Schiner] ).

Chersodromia Walker, List Dipt. Ins. Brit. Mus., rv, ‘1157;

1849.

Type: Zachypeza arenarta Haliday.

Walker, without describing this genus, referred to Tachypeza arenaria
Haliday and Tachydromia graminum Fallen. Rondani** designated as
the type Tachypeza brevipennts Zetterstedt (= Tachyfeza arenarta Hali-
day, according to Walkertt and Schiner{ ah

* Introd., 11, Synop., 132, tha
+ Dipt. Ital. Prod. -. I, 150, 1856.
{ Fauna Aus., Dipt., 1, 83.
§ Wiener Ent. Monat., vii, 238, '
| Syst. Besch., 111, 64.

| Faun. Aus.. Dipt., 1, 86.
** Dipt. Ital. Prod., 1, 147, 1856.
ttIns. Brit., Dipt., a 138.

tt Fauna Aus. ; Dipt., I, 96.

248 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

Chyromantis Rondani, Dipt. Ital. Prod., 1, 148, 1856.
Phyllodromia Zetterstedt, 1837.)
Type: Zachydromia vocatoria Fallen.
Rondani designated the above species as the type. :
Clinocera Meigen, Illiger’s Mag., 11, 271, 1803. (Paramesia
Macquart, 1835.) .
Type: C/inocera nigra Meigen.
Meigen mentioned no species. Rondani* designated the above species
as the type.

1

Coloboneura Melander, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., xxvii, 229,
Nov., 1902. ,

Type: Coloboneura tnusttata Melander.

Described only the above species.

Crossopalpus Bigot, Ann. Soc. Ent. France, 557, 1857.
(= Tachydromia Mezgen, 1803.)
Type: Platypalpus ambiguus Macquatt.

Bigot mentioned only the above species.

Cyrtoma Meigen, Syst. Besch., rv, 1, 1824. (= Bicellaria
Macquart, 1823.)

Type: Ampis spuria Fallen.

Meigen described three species, the first, C. atra (an arbitrary change
of name of Emfis spuria Fallen), was designated as the type by West-
wood.t

Dolichocephala Macquart, Recueil Trav. Soc. Sci. Agr.
Arts Lille, 147, 1823. (Ardoptera Macquart, 1827; Leptosceles
Haliday, 1833.)

Type: Zachydromia irrorata Fallen.

Macquart described one species as new, D. maculata, but on page 165
he stated that it is identical with Hemerodroméa itrrorata Meigen
(=Tachydromia trrorata Fallen).

Drapetis Meigen, Syst. Besch., 11, 91, 1822.
Type: Drapetis extlis Meigen.

Described one species as new, D. exz/is.

Dryodromya Rondani, Dipt. Ital. Prod., 1, 150, 1856.
(= Hilara Meigen, 1822.
Type: EHmfpis tenella Fallen.

-Rondani designated as the type Dryodromya testacea, new species
(evidently founded on a specimen of Emfis tenella Fallen with a super-
numerary cross-vein in the second submarginal cell). Mik} wrongly refers
this genus as a synonym of Tachydrom/éa, apparently overlooking the
fact that Rondani placed it in the section in which the third vein is forked.

* Dipt. Ital. Prod., 1, 149, 1856.
t Introd., u, Synop., 133, 1840.
t Ent. Nachrichten, x11, 324, 1886.

OF WASHINGTON. 249

Dysaletria Loew, Zeitsch. Ent. Breslau, xiv, 7, 1860.
(= Platypalpus Macguart, 1827. 3 ,
- Type: Zachypeza atriceps Boheman.

Loew described one species, Zachypfeza melanocephala, which he
credited to Boheman, but it is evident from his references as well as. from
his description that the name melanocephala is an error for atriceps.
This has already been pointed out by Réder.*

Blaphropess Macquart, Ins. Dipt. Nord France, Sasneaw.
86, 1827.
Type: Tachydromia ephippiata Fallen.

Work not seen by the writer, but Macquart later}. mentions only one
species in this genus, Zachydromia ephippiata Fallen.

Empimorpha Coquillett, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xvii, 39%
June, 1896.

Type: Empimorpha comantis Coquillett.

Designated the above species as the type.

Empis Linné, Syst. Natur., Ed. 10, 603, 1758. (Platyplerygta
Stephens, 1829; Hréogaster Macquart, 1838; Axoplempis
Bigot. 1880; Steleocheta Becker, 1887.)

Type: Empis pennipes Linné.

-Linné described three species as new, £&. borealis, pennifes and livida.
Latreillet designated as the type Bmpzs penurpes Fabricius (= Linné).

Enicopteryx Stephens, Syst. Cat. Brit. Ins. 264, 1829. (=
Macrostomus Wiedemann, 1817.)
Type: Rhamphomyia infuscata Meigen.

Stephens listed three species, Emfpés fusca‘(a manuscript name). Rhkam-
phomyta tnfuscata Meigen, and hyalin‘fennis, new species (with Rham-
phomyia anomalipennts Meigen as itssynonym). Westwood§ designated
Rhamphomyia tnfuscata Meigen as the type.

Enoplempis Bigot, Ann. Soc. Ent. France, Bull., xtvir,
1880 (= Empis Lzzné, 1758).
Type: Enoplempis mira Bigot.

Bigot described only one species as new, &. mtra.

Eriogaster Macquart, Dipt. Exot., 1, Part 2, 162, a not
of Germar, 1811. (= Empis Lzzné, 1758.)

Type: Empis lantventris Eschscholtz. ,

Macquart designated the above species as the type of this genus.

* Wiener Ent. Zeit., 11, 291, Dec. 15, 1EO4:
+ Hist. Nat. Dipt., 1, 359, 1834.

t Consid. Gen., 443, 1810.

$Introd., u, Synop., 131, 1840.

250 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

Eucelidia Mik, Verh. k. k. Ges. Wien 1881, 326, 1882.

Type: Empzs zetterstedtd Fallen.

Mik mentioned Brachystoma eschert Zetterstedt, Empis zetterstedts
Fallen and Ciltvocera ptrata Mik, figuring a wing and femur of the second
species.

Euhybus Coquillett, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xvii, 437,
June, 1896.

Type: AHydbos purpureus Walker.

Mentioned three species, Hydos subjectus Walker, H. purpureus Walker,
and 7. triplex Walker.

Euthyneura Macquart, Ann. Soc. Ent. France, 517, 1836.
Type: Authyneura myrtilli Macquatt.

Described only the above species.

Gloma Meigen, Syst. Besch., 11, 14, 1822.
Type: Gloma fuscipennts Meigen.

Described only the above species.

- Heleodromia Haliday, Entom. Mag.,1, 159, 1833. (Mcro-
cera Zetterstedt, 1838; Sczéodromia Haliday, 1840.)

Type: Heleodromia immaculata Haliday.

Haliday described four species as new, AH. tmmaculata, bipunctata,
stagnalis and fontinalis. Curtis* designated ¢mmaculata as the type,
and this was repeated by Macquart,t who placed d¢functata and stagnalis
in his new genus Hydrodromia. :

Hemerodromia Meigen, Syst. Besch., m1, 61, 1822. (J-
crodromya Bigot, 1857.)

Type: Lachydromia oratorza Fallen.

Meigen described nine species, the fifth, Tachydromia mantispa Panzer,
was designated as the type by Westwood,} but this species had previously
been placed by Macquart in his new genus Chelifoda. Rondani§ desig-
nated as the type Zachydromia oratorta Fallen, the third species described
by Meigen.

Hilara Meigen, Syst. Besch., m1, 1, 1822. (Prisdromee
Rondani, 1856.)
Type: Empis maura Fabricius.

Meigen described twenty-one species, the second of which, Emprs
maura Fabricius, was designated as the type by Curtis.|| °

* Brit. Entom., 519, 1834.

+ Hist. Nat. Dipt., 11, 658, 1835.

- tIntrod , u, Synop., 132, 1840.

§$ Dipt. Ital. Prod., 1, 148, 1856.
|| Brit. Entom., 130, 1826.

OF WASHINGTON, 251

Holoclera Schiner, Wiener Ent. Monat., Iv, 53, February,
1860.

Type: Holoclera pulchra Egger.

Schiner designated as the type the above species which at that time was -
evidently undescribed.

Hormopeza Zetterstedt, Ins. Lappon., 540, 1838.
Type: Hormopeza obliterata Zetterstedt.
The above was the only species mentioned.

Hybos Meigen, Illiger’s Mag., 11, oe 1803. (Lactistomy/a
Melander, 1902.)

Type: Musca grossipes Linné.

Meigen mentioned no species. Curtis* designated as the type Ayes
funebrts Fabricius (= Musca grossipes Linné, according to Walker,f re-
peated by Schiner).{

Hydrodromia Macquart, Hist. Nat. Dipt., 1, 658, 1835.

Type: Heleodromia stagnalis Haliday.

Macquart described two species, Heleodromta bipunctata Haliday and

Hi. stagnalis Haliday. Mik§ transferred H. dzfunctata to his new genus

Kowarzta.

Iteaphila Zetterstedt, Ins. Lappon., 540, 1838.
Type: /teaphila macquarti Zetter stedt.
The above was the only species mentioned.

Kowarzia Mik, Verh. k. k. Ges. Wien 1881, 325, 1882.

Type: Clinocera barbatula Mik.

Mentioned four species and figured a wing and the head of the first one,
Clinocera barbatula Mik.

Lactistomyia Melander, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., xxvim, 250,
Nov., 1902. (= Hybos Mezgen, 1803.)

Type: Lactéstomyta tnsolita Melander.

Described one species as new, ZL. ¢vsolita, from Brazil. The characters
on which this genus was founded are the thickened and tuberculate hind
femora of the male, but in the males of one species in the related genus
Euhybus these characters are present but are wanting in the females, as
well as in both sexes of closely related species. The characters therefore
are not only confined to one sex but are plainly not of generic importance.

Lamposoma Becker, Berl. Ent. Zeitsch., xxxt11, 338, 1889.
Type: Lamposoma cavaticum Becker.

The above was the oniy species mentioned.

* Brit. Entom., 661, 1837.

t Ins. Brit , Dipt., 1, 120

{ Faun. Aus.. Dipt., 1, 78.

§ Verh. k. k. Ges. Wien 1881, 325, 1882.

pas ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

Lamprempis Wheeler and Melander, Biol. C.-Am.,. Dipt.,
, 3606, Dec., rgol.
Type: Ampis chichimeca Wheeler and Melander.
Placed this as.a subgenus of Hmf7s and gave a synoptic table of six spe-
cies, the fourth, Empis chichimeca, new species.

Lepidomya Bigot, Ann. Soc. Ent. France, 557, 185%. (= Che-
lipoda Macguart, 1823.)

Type: Empis melanocephala Fabricius.

Bigot mentioned only one species, Hemerodromia miaeis des Meigen
(= Empis melanocephala Fabricius, according to Meigen,* repeated by
Schiner).f

Leptopeza Macquart, Ins. Dipt. Nord France, Separata, 143,
1827.

Type: Ocydromia flavipes Meigen.

Work not seen by the writer, but Macquart later{ placed in this genus
only one species, Leptopeza fluvipes Macquart (== Ocydromia flavipes
Meigen).

Leptosceles Haliday, Entom. Mag.,1, 160, 1833. (= Dolicho-
cephala J/acguart, 1823.) )

Type: Lefptosceles guttata Haliday.

Haliday described three species, the first, Z. eutfata, new species.

Litanomyia Melander, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., xxviu, 231,
Nov., 1902. (= Phyllodromia Zetterstedt, 1837.)

Type: Scéodromia mexicana Wheeler and Melander.

Melander described two species and figured the first, Sczodromita mext-
cana Wheeler and Melander.

Macroptera Becker, Wiener Ent. Zeit., vii, So, Feb. 28,
1889; not of Lioy, 1863. (=Symballophthalmus Becker, 1889.)
Type: Macroptera pictipes Becker.

The above was the only species mentioned by Becker.

Macrostomus Wiedemann, Zool. Mag., 1, Part 1, 60, 1817.
(Rhamphomyia Meigen, 1822: xécopteryx Stephens, 1829 ;
Rhamphomyza Zetterstedt, 1838; Megacyttarus Bigot, 1880.)
-Type: Hybos ferrugineus Fabricius.
- Wiedemann mentioned only the above species, from South America,
and later states$ that this genus is identical with Rhamphomyia.

Mantipeza Rondani, Dipt. Ital. Prod., 1,148, 1856. (= Che-
lifera Macguart, 1523.)
Type: Te achydromia precatoria Fallen.

* Syst. Besch., 111, 64.

+ Faun. Aus., Dipt., 1, 86.

t Hist. Nat. Dipt., 1, 321, 1834.
§ Aus. Zweif. Ins., 11, 10, 1830.

OF WASHINGTON, 253

Rondani designated as the type Hemerodromia monostigma Hoffmann-
segg (= Meigen). Thisis givenas asynonym of Tachydromia precatoria
Fallen by Schiner* and by Loew.?*

Megacyttarus Bigot, Ann. Soc. Ent. France, Bull., xiv,
1880. (= Macrostomus Wedemann, 1817.)

Type: Rhamphomyia limbata Loew.

Bigot described one species as new, M. argenteus ; this is identical with
Rhamphomyta limbata Loew according to Coquillett.{ :

Meghyperus Loew, Stett. Ent. Zeit., x1, 303, Sept., 1850.
Type: JAleghyperus sudeticus Loew.

The above was the only species mentioned.

Metachela Coquillett, new genus.
Type: Alemerodromia collusor Melander.

Microcera Zetterstedt, Ins. Lappon., 572. 1838 ; not of Meigen,
1803, nor of Mannerheim, 1830. (= Heleodromia /Hadliday,
1833.) |

Type: Heleodromia tmmaculata Haliday.

Zetterstedt described one species as new, MZ. rostrata, identical with
Heleodromia tmmaculata Haliday according to Walker,§ and repeated by
Schiner. ||

Microcyrta Bigot, Ann. Soc. Ent. France, 557, 1857. (=
Platytelma Ronxdanz, 1856.)
Type: Cyrtoma pallipes Meigen.

The above is the only species referred to by Bigot.

Microdromya Bigot, Ann. Soc. Ent. France, 557, 1857.
(= Hemerodromia Meigen, 1822.

Type: Zachydromia oratorza Fallen.

Bigot mentioned no species, but the characters he gave must, in all
probability, have been drawn from the above species.

Microphorus Macquart, Ins. Dipt. Nord France, Separata,
14, 1827.

Type: Microphorus velutinus Macquart.

Work not seen by the writer. Rondani{ designated as the type Mcro-
phorus velutinus Macquart, the second species described by Macquart.

Mythicomyia Coquillett, Ent. News, 208, June, 1893.
Type: Adythicomya rileyé Coquillett. -

* Faun. Aus., Dipt., 1, 83.

+ Wiener Ent. Monat., viii, 238.

t Proc U. S. Nat. Mus., xvii, 388, June, 1896.
§ Ins. Brit., Dipt., 1, 107.

|| Faun. Aus., Dipt., 1, 86.

{Dipt. Ital. Prod., 1, 151, 1856.

254 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOOLETY

The above was the only species mentioned.

Neocota Coquillett, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xvii, 434, June,
1896.
Type: Meocota weedi Coquillett.

The above species was designated as the type.

Neoplasta Coquillett, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xvii, 392,
June, 1896.

Type: Hemerodromta scapularis Loew.

Coquillett designated the above species as the type.

Ocydromia Meigen, Syst. Besch., 11, 351, 1820.

Type: Ampés glabricula Fallen.

Meigen described five species, the first, Amps glabricula Fallen, was
designated the type by Westwood.*

CEdalea Meigen, Syst. Besch., 1, 355, 1820. (X7phidicera
Macquart, 1834.)
~ Type: EAmpis hybotina Fallen.

Meigen described two species, Hmfzis hybotina Fallen and EF. minuta
Fallen; the latter was selected in 1834 by Macquart as the type of his new
genus X/phidicera, leaving hybotina as the type of Gedalea, and it was
so designated by Westwood.t

Oreogeton Schiner, Wiener Ent. Monat., 1v, 53, Feb., 1860.
Type: Gloma basalis Loew.

The above species was designated as the type.

Oreothalia Melander, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., xxvin, 232,
Nov., 1902. :
Type: Oreothalia pelops Melander.

The above was the only species mentioned.

Pachymeria Stephens, System. Catal., 262,.1829. (Pachy-
merina Macquartt, 1834.)

Type: Hmpis femorata Fabricius.

Stephens listed two species, Empis ruralis Meigen and africa, new
species; the latter is a manuscript name, while the former is identical
with Emfzs femorata Fabricius, according to Schiner.t

Pachymerina Macquart, Hist. Nat. Dipt., 1, 333, 1834.
(= Pachymeria Stephens, 1829.)

Type: Amps femorata Fabricius.

Macquart described four species and figured the first, Amp7s femorata
Fabricius.

* Introd., 1, Begone 33. Biol
+ Introd.. 11, Synop., 133, 1840.
¢ Faun. Aus., Dipt., 1, 110.

OF WASHINGTON, 255

Pachypeza Lioy, Atti Ins. Ven., 723, 1864; not of Serville,
1835. (= Platytelma Rondan/, 1856. )
Type: Cyrtoma pallipes Meigen.

Lioy mentioned only the above species.

Paramesia Macquart, Hist. Nat. Dipt., 11, 656, 1835; not of
Stephens, 1829. (= Clinocera Meigen, 1803.)

Type: Paramesia wesmaelit Macquatt.

spore al described two species as new and figured the first, P. wes-
maetlt?2.

Parathalassius Mik, Wiener Ent. Zeit., x, 217, July 31, 1Sgr.
Type: Parathalassius blasig¢i Mik.

The above was the only species mentioned.

Phaobalia Mik, Verh. k. k. Ges. Wien 1881, 326, 1882.
Type: Clénocera trinotata Mik. —
Mentioned four species, the first, Clzzocera ¢trznotata Mik.

Philolutra Mik, Verh. k. k: Ges. Wien 1881, 327, 1882.
(= Réderia A/¢k, 1882.)

Type: Clznocera phantasma Mik.

Mentioned eight species, the first, Climocera phantasma Mik. The
difference in the acrostichal bristles, which extend across the mesonotum
in one so-called genus and are confined to the anterior portion in the other,
cannot be considered of generic value, especially in view of the fact thata
very closely related species from Italy has no acrostichals whatever.

Phoneutisca Loew, Berl. Ent. Zeitsch., vir, 19. June, 1863.
Type: Phoneutisca bimaculata Loew.
The above was the only species mentioned.

Phoroxypha Rondani, Dipt. Ital. Prod.. 1, 146, fe
Type: Zachydromia longicornts Meigen.

The above species was designated as thé type.

Phyllodromia Zetterstedt, Isis von Oken, 31, 1837. (Chyro-
mantis Rondani, 1856; 7hamnodromia Mik, 1886; Litanomyia
Melander, 1902.)

Type: Zachydromiéa vocatoria Fallen.

Zetterstedt briefly described this as a section of Hemerodromia, and
listed three described and two manuscript species; of the former, Macquart
had in 1823 selected the first and fourth species for two of his new genera,
leaving only one of the described species, Zachydromia vocatorta Fallen,
the second species listed by Zetterstedt.

Platypalpus Macquart, Ins. Dipt. Nord France, Separata,

194. 1827. (Dysaletria Loew, 1860.)
Type: JJusca cursttans Fabricius.

256 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

Work not seen by the writer. Westwood* designated as the type
Musca cursitans Fabricius, the nineteenth species described in a later
work by Macquart.t

Platyptera Meigen, Illiger’s Mag., 11, 269, 1803.
Type: Empis platyptera Panzer. .
Meigen mentioned two species, Hmfis borealis Fabricius (= Linné)
and £. platyptera Panzer; the first species belongs to the previously
erected genus Emfvrs.

Platypterygia Stephens, System. Catal., 263, 1829. (=Em-
pis Lénné, 1758.)
Type: EHmprs borealzs Linné.

Stephens listed only the above species.

Platytelma Rondani, Dipt. Ital. Prod., 1, 138, 1856. (A/-
crocyrta Bigot, 1857; Pachypeza Lioy, 1864.)
Type: Cyrtoma pallipes Meigen.

Rondani designated the above species as the type.

Polydromya Bigot, Ann. Soc. Ent. France, 557, 1857. (=
Chelifera Macqguart, 1823.)

Type: Zachydromia precatoréa Fallen.

Bigot mentioned no species, but the characters given accord well with
the imperfect figure by Meigent intended to represent Zachydromia
precatorta Fallen.

Pterospilus Rondani, Dipt. Ital. Prod., 1, 152, 1856. (=
Acromyia Latrelle, 1809.)

Type: Aszlus muscartus Fabricius.

Rondani designated as the type the above species under the ‘generic
name of Hydos.

Ragas Walker, Entom. Mag., Iv, 229, Bay. (Synamphotera
Loew, 1858.)
Type: Ragas unica Walker.

Walker mentioned only the above species.

Rhamphomyia Meigen, Syst. Besch., m1, 42, 1822. (=Ma-
crostomus Wiedemann, 1817.)

Type: Hmpzis sulcata Fallen.

Meigen described 37 species, the ninth, Rhamphomyza sulcata Meigen
(=Empis sulcata Fallen) was designated as the type by Curtis.§

Rhamphomyza Zetterstedt, Ins. Lappon., 562, 1838. (=Ma-

crostomus Wzedemann, 1817. )

* Introd , 1. Synop., 132, £0
+ Hist. Nat. Dipt., 1, 355, 1834.

t Syst. Besch., 111, pl. 24) Tig. 13:
§ Brit. Entom., 517, 1834.

OF WASHINGTON. 257

Type: Ampds sulcata Fallen.
Arbitrary change in spelling /?@hamphomyza ; the twelfth species that
Zetterstedt described is Amfpzs sulcata Fallen.

Réderia Mik, Verh. k. k. Ges. Wien 1881, 326, 1882.
( Philolutra Mik, 1882.)
Type: Clinocera longtpennis Mik.

The above was the only species mentioned.

Roederiodes Coquillett, Aquat. Ins. Adiron., 585, Sept., 1g01.
Type: Roederiodes juncta Coquillett.

The above was the only species mentioned.

Sciodromia Haliday, in Westwood’s Introd., 11, Synop., 132,
1840. (=Heleodromia Haliday, 1833.)

Type: Heleodromia immaculata Haliday.

The above species was designated as the type.

Sicus Latreille, Precis, 158, 1796; not of Scopoli, 1763.
(=Tachydromia Me/gen, 1803.

Type: Musca ctmicotdes Fabricius.

Latreille mentioned no species, but in a later work* he designated the
above species the type.

Steleocheta Becker, Berl. Ent. Zeitsch., xxx1, 129, Aug., 1887.
(—Empis Zznné, 1758.)

Type: Steleocheta setacea Becker.

The above was the only species mentioned.

Stilpon Loew, Neue Beitr., vi, 34, 1859.
Type: Zachydromia graminum Fallen.

Loew mentioned two species, the first, Zachydromia graminum Fallen.

Symballophthalmus Becker, Wiener Ent. Zeit., vim, 285,
Oct. 5, 1889. (AMMacroptera Becker, 1889; not of Lioy, 1863.)
Type: Macroptera pictipes Becker.

Change of name for Macroptera Becker, preoccupied.

Synamphotera Loew, Zeitsch. Ges. Naturw., x1, 455, 1858.
(= Ragas Walker, 1837.)
Type: Syxamphotera pallida Loew.

The above was the only species mentioned.

Syndyas Loew, Ofvers. Kon. Vet.-Akad. Forh., xiv, 369,
Oct. 14, 1857.
Type: Syxzdyas opaca Loew.

Described two species as new (from Caffraria, Africa), the first, S. opaca.

*Consid. General., 443, 1810.

258 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

Svneches Walker, Ins. Saund., 1, 165, 1852. (== Acromyia
Latreille, 180g.) :
Type: Syzeches simplex Walker.

The above was the only species mentioned by Walker.

Tachista Loew, Zeitsch. Ent. Breslau, xiv, 7, 1860: (=
Tachydromia Mezgen, 1803.)
Type: Zachydromia connexa Meigen.
Loew described eleven species, the sixth being ct seit tears connexa
Meigen.

Tachydromia Meigen, Illiger’ s Mag., 11, 269, 1803. (Szcus
Latreille, 1796, not of Scopoli, 1783 3 ; Crossopalpus Bigot, 18573
Tachista Loew, 1860.)

Type: Zachydromia connexa Meigen.

Meigen mentioned two species, Musca cursitans Fabricius and Musca
cimtcotdes Fabricius; the first belongs to the subsequently erected genus
Platypalpus, while the second was an erroneous identification to which
Meigen afterward gave the name of 7. connexa.*

Tachypeza Meigen, Syst. Besch., v1, 341, 1830.

Type: Zachydromta nubila Meigen.

Meigen referred to ten species. Rondanit designated as the type the
eighth species, Zachydromia nervosa Meigen, identical with the earlier
T. nubtla Meigen, according to Loew.t

Thamnodromia Mik, Wiener Ent. Zeit., v, 278, Oct. 12, 1886.
(= Phyllodromia Zetterstedt, 1837.)

Type: Zachydromia vocatorta Fallen.

Change of name for Phyllodromia Zetterstedt under the erroneous im-
pressior that the latter is preoccupied by Phyllodromia Serville, 1839.

Trichina Meigen, Syst. Besch., vi, 335, 1830.

Type: 7richina clavipes Meigen.

Described two species as new. Rondani§ designated as the type the
second species, 7. clavipes.

Trichopeza Rondani, Dipt. Ital. Prod., 1, 150, ae
Type: Brachystoma longicornis Meigen.

Rondani designated the above species as the type.

Wiedemannia Zetterstedt, Ins. Lappon., 559, 1838.

Type: Heleodromia bistigma Curtis.
. Zetterstedt described two species, the first, W. dorealzs ‘ ‘ Zett. , It. Lap-
pon., 1832, 207” (evidently up to that time a manuscript name), is identi-

* Syst. Besch., 11, 70, 1822.

t Dipt. Ital. Prod., 1, 147, 1856.
t Zeitsch. Ent. Breslau, xiv, 12.
§ Dipt. Ital. Prod., 1, 152, 1856.

OF WASHINGTON. 259

cal with Heleodromia bistigma Curtis, according to Walker,* repeated by
Schiner.t (Wiedemunnia Meigen, 1838, is placed as a synonym of Mzn-
tho Desvoidy, 1830, by Schiner,t and in this he is followed by Brauer and
Bergenstamm. )§

Xiphidicera Macquart, Hist. Nat. Dipt., 1, 356, 1834. (=
(Edalea Meégen, 1820.)

Type: Empis minuta Fallen.

Macquart described one species as new, X. rufipes, which is identical
with Ems minuta Fallen, according to Schiner. ||

TABLE OF THE GENERA.

1. Third vein forked............ : Sabaaceeeiah bas hoe socks subeaiaabebeilenntens evapa shears 35
EPUPE: VOID BRAD leo oi 7.24 ips owen a ce acenbnnd canere canbesseboes sybase anepeuiid opie 2

2. Anal cell closed far from the wing-margin, at least a naccin of the
cross vein at its apex or of the sixth vein, always present.......... 3
Anal cell wholly united with the axillary cell, sixth vein wholly want-
ing, discal cell always united with one of the other cells............ 29

Anal cell open to the wing-margin, second vein terminating in the
first, three veins issuing from apex of the discal cell,
Mythicomyia Coa.

$.° BSral Cell COM DIE LE oa secs ce. cnc cccen: Sen sauatennyice sevctn adn vWe ingyen! neged any ene 4
Discal cell united with one of the other cells. ..... ......ccscecceccesssence 23
4. Second posterior Cell sessile..........0. scecercoecs mesenetencserecavececesstocves 5

Second posterior cell long-petiolate, proboscis very short,
Meghyperus Loew,
5. With three veins issuing from apex of the discal cell......... cesses Tun)
With only two veins issuing from apex of this Cell...... c.ccssesceereey 6
6. Lower outer angle of anal cell acute, this cell at least as long as the

RONG ROR hs soo sv ave na's Waaae kan ged lgsbewicnaved hea voc spehtneres adbeannueice 8
Lower outer angle of anal cell obtuse, his cell shorter than the
BECO. Basal 102 vise ca seceaeesas ca orb beh tes cckaos Leveed ska ines qucesiuayndees Aiauees 7

7. Arista apical, third joint of antenne conical.........+.- Leptopeza Macq.
Arista subdorsal, third joint of antenne oval.......... Ocydromia Meig.

8 Origin of second vein midway between the small and the humeral
erossveing, or néarer.to the: formers: incc.oiscis ca tccccnstnesapaeonseresess 9

Origin nearer to the humeral than to the small crossvein,
Acromyia Latr.
9. Vem between basal celts. distingteccicjeumess vcsyeusysicawocblesnadedeadecamet ies 10
Mein between these cells obsolete: so iiucvuseseccvessascesnaces Syndyas Loew.
10. Eyes widely separated below the antenne, proboscis elongated,
Hybos Meig,
Eyes contiguous below the antenne, proboscis short.... Huhkybus Coq.

*Ins. Brit., Dipt , 1, 107.

f Faun. Aus., Dipt., 1, 84.

t Faun. Aus., Dipt., 1. 556.

§ Zweif. Kais. Mus. Wien, v, 426.
|| Faun. Aus., Dipt., 1, 81.

260 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

VE;

13.

14.

76.

16.

17.
18.

1g.

20,

21.

22.

23.

Front femora not noticeably thickened......0.........04. ar
Front femora considerably thickened, third sinned faint weal. the
arista elongated......:........00 PRS ra ary Fe Pista soho Phyllodromia Zett.

. Third joint of antenne elongated cod rather narrow, at least twice as

long as wide, usually longer than the thickened style............... 15

Third joint oval, the arista elongated and bristle-like, femora not

CELICKE OG si rakccg sg solani ving dibs whan bale ea egbasa i aay ede ae pens s sa ieen Hieebh 13

Third joint short and wide, at most one and three-fourths times as long
as wide, the apical portion sometimes prolonged styliform,
Anthalia Zett.

Proboscis much shorter than height of head...............sceseeeeersesee a &
Proboscis as long as height of head, axillary angle of wings only
BUSHEY DrOlECUOG oi s.ecicscensssavea mene soanes ohvceenseabane Fleleodromia Hal.

Antenne as long as the arista, axillary angle distinctly projecting,
Parathalassius Mik.
Antenne only half as long as the arista, axillary angle only slightly
SYOPOCU ET cc van nsacs Guid patans ouaereads RGM AC iia oh Oreothalta Mel.
Axttlary angle strongly projecting co. ced) wesen bakes 2 can ven speensieptoe 16
Axillary angle not projecting, anal cell much shorter than the second
basal, its lower outer angle rounded, the crossvein at its apex only
slightly oblique, proboscis slightly longer than height of head,

directed downward (type, Syxamphotera bicolor Loew,

Boreodromia, n. gen.

Height of head less than length Of proboSCis........sccessseeeseecersenees . 19
Height of head greater than length of probOSCiS.......scccss cece renee see 17
Hind féiviord NOt thicket aed iii. si eseds ee asnhiencd Gibbs nadir dec one taiens . 18

Hind femora considerably thickened, spinose on the under side,

Edalea Meig.
Stigma ee to apex of second vein, sixth vein prolonged to the

- WIMB=MALQIN...ceeceeees oe AS Se UOE Cone .. Trichina Meig.
Stigma cantesian to apex vat first vein, or Cgbaoléte sixth vein oblit-
-erated beyond apex of anal cell. 10... .......eceesecese Microphorus Macq.
Direction of proboscis LOrwAra ick: iscsi steigguescndeescivessphunasaueeaacss 20
Direction of probascis: Gown Ward occ. sie sei ccbeans. sosvsestece 31

Base of discal cell pointed, stigma at apex of first vein, arista minute,
| Anthepiscopus Beck.
Base of discal cell pointed, arista rather long... ..Holoclera Schin.
Base of discal cell truncated, baiji at apex of suena vein,
Euthyneura Macq.
Wings of female (male unknown) unusually broad, three-fourths as

broad as long, subtruncated at the apex...... ........ Platyptera Meig.
Wings not unusually broad, the apex rounded...... gab teats Snwaae cosyen 22
FACE DATE sissies son cds tpep se Diedapndieesndisnldacesereserieeneaesio Macrostomus Wied.
PACE BALL oie is cigs iabseccioes+as va segs in sansindse PulbentonsS peees neu tee Neocota Coq.
Fourth vein forked, the base of the upper branch sometimes obliter-
RUE sisves sctsedosboss ras len (evene Ge tesebunsgcaqeawebtawh jeveedess edeivnsiselscevoapoust 28

Fourth vein simple sere OSs Tee Oe ESO ee SCC Cea OEE HEHEHE EEE EEE seeeere eee tweree 24

2g. Antennal arista apical ........ieseecesceneeececeee cecee cartes sen eee sen eenseeneeees 31
Antennal arista dorsal or subapical...... 0... cesee sseee ee an, 30
30. Palpi narrow, as long as the prahoueis: @aoed vein near its ere ¢ bent
forward at nearly a right angle... ......... ...........Phoneutisca Loew.
Palpi broad, front of an equal width........ ...se sees eiyitews Stzlpon Loew.
31. First pair of femora thickened .........sesseceeescecee see ees ceees ice akin buch bm EN Es « 32
First pair of femora not thickened ........666 5. cesses cesses seeeeee tence es 33
32. Eyes contiguous or nearly so below the antenne, hind tibiz bearing
at most:two or three bristles... ii ccc cccees ceca es Tachydromia Meig.
Eyes widely separated below the antenna, hind tibia bearing many
bristled cei csi die souks ienvis sedan Golobeneara -Mel:
33. Third joint of antenna ShOrt-Oval ...........0e-seceeceeseeeeeseneee censenseeees 34
Third joint elongated...... eed ib ati aeednna) Shige hug ¥ereas Elaphropeza Macq.
34. Second basal cell equal to or shorter than the first,
Chersodromta Walk.
Second basal cell longer than the first............cceeeseee Drapetis Meig.
35. Amal cell present...... cscs cceoee tyes incnescovsserevececdesseinewgass seceee aseseres 36
Anal cell wholly united with the dettiury: discal cell united with one
of the others, fourth vein forked ....... ..cs06 cesses Hemerodromia Meig.
36 Second posteria cell long-petiolate...... cess scseeeseceee terete reece seeee rive O2
Second cell sessile or Nearly SOpiccsicesiy cracked ceelae nncbds des Poannevnvenseete ay
37. Discal cell separated from the second basal......-.ssessseesesseeneseeeeeces 38
Discal cell united to the second basal..........c.ssecesseeees Neoplasta Coq.:
38. Arista much longer than the third antennal joint...... vableslas!) phewetwaes's 39
Arista at most as long as the third antennal joint, the latter usually
ClON GALE”... .e.ccieescesecssncencecsse socsecempencssases soassscsscsvevececcssencececes 55
39. Axillary angle strongly projecting..............000 Ed daubska ver nidastoerisants 52
Axillary angle not or only slightly projecting...... sakbrenaeoar cobage wane 40
40. Last joint of antenne. short-oval, proboscis shorter than height of
/ eich ace ue icin s te veby i epve nosh Poansed ag Fats vane An The gaa oo eN Mabe evens 41

OF WASHINGTON, 261

. Femora of front legs thickened, those of middle legs spinose on the

CeanChers WEE oe i Ean SSR ren Seoweg eutbotann ans 26
Femora not thickened, those of middle legs not spinose.........+0.... 25

. Anal cell only reaching middle of the second basal cell,

Symballophthaimus Beck.
Anai cell nearly reaching apex of the second basal... Platytelma Rond.

. Sixth vein present, sometimes indistinct...... 2... ccceesseeeee cee eeeeeeeee 27

Sixth vein wholly wanting, second basal cell longer than the first,
third joint of antennz short-oval ....... ..e-seese sevens Tuchypeza Meig.

. Last antennal joint oval, shorter than the artista... Platypalpus Macq.

Last joint elongated, longer than the artista......... Phoroxypha Rond.

. Front femora thickened, axillary angle of wings not projecting,

Chelipada Macq.
Front femora slender, axillary angle of wings strongly projecting,
Bicellarta Macq.

Last joint narrow and wpaitey sonpalad, preboists as long as height

of head, directed downward..... .. so ncstevesetheassvesecs Trichopeza Rond.

262 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY —

41.

42.

43-

44:

45.

46.

47-

48.

49.

50.

5t.

52.

Veins two and three sinuous, wings grayish. marked with hyaline

GRE ca pu castsagh cab bathe ety vane Moe eelneueyak ape Dolichocephala Macq.
Veins not sinuous, wings never marked in this mannet................. 42
TMOG ALE acnns licens cavpad aps SURpRE Vayh ey Dupe ue Ctvwab aves kenwas cerene” Cuca) puis hakins 43

Face hairy, the sides separated by a groove from the narrow cheeks,
hind crossvein very angular, lower inner corner of third posterior
EE be i iain ed ai en oe sine din ced ne Swe Ouls Aa eaNeaEN LANG Kowarzta Mik.

Body usually opaque, under side of saute and hind femora at most
with a'preapical ‘Drieile se cs..ti yas scdses tse scene a tae caveman eo akdes Oa ous 44

Body polished, middle or hind femora usually bearing perusal bristles
Om the UDGEN GGG oi osc ie als psesdevnas ele ducascoSuens Brachystoma Meig.

Hind crossvein nearly straight and perpendicular, iower inner angle
of third posterior cell almost rectangular, sides of face separated by

grooves from the very narrow cheeks ici..6)0ci. i iscke oie oie) Ses cana 45
Hind crossvein very angular, or very oblique, lower inner angle of
third posteriag ce arate. cc cease cusgtnenea risen en ndhanndscerkracens 47
Pulvilli and empodia well developed, scutellum bare except the mar-
ginal pair of bristles............ Sgatow asp Paniee dane poten Negev sae deacuanpe Witla We 46
Pulvilli and empodia rudimentary, scutellum bearing more than a pair
of marginal bristles.......c3036.00 esse. Scotia beaees ene Bergenstammta Mik.
Creer WRATANG oc F i ceca scot exesack abnenewss yeRNNTe .sseeeL1ydrodromia Macq.
rej il 422) Beeb! 20 y sf] Seeenaatey SoHE ON GBP SERB OC pres om rNRyT Sree tz (rasey orek Phaobalia Mik.
Empodia and pulvilli. well developed -5 2... 0500. q censsee davsacsnevctvocsecees 48

Empodia and pulvilli rudimentary, sides of face separated by grooves
from the narrow cheeks, scutellum bare except for the pair of mar-

ssi DIA EE oss en wens cabotumcoue “ipsa y cckean Dawes dap etabe es Lamposoma Beck.
Wings having the narrow pane situated nearer to first vein than to
Apex: Of Second, OF WARUAR sii ioi sks ewes in Ps sceeee se be eiee Meabes cabeedebe 49

Wings having the rounded stigma situated nearer to apex of second
vein than to the first, scutellum bearing several short bristles besides
the long marginal pair, sides of face not separated by grooves from
the broad cheeks.. Vas Wastes nbudes, sed thou iseeensusves fV POCEMANNIG Letts

Femora without opaapical bhintlas iEsinnsssWinusediobaiers sa ,Vrselueocssbs die 50

Femora with a pair of such bristles, scutellum bearing short bristles
besides the marginal pair, sides of face not separated by grooves
from the -broad Cheeks <.¢: bo csce0csesnceaderes cndemodndeascagan Eucelidia Mik.

Sides of face not separated by grooves from the broad cheeks....... 51

Sides of face separated by grooves from the narrow cheeks, scutellum
bearing a marginal pair of bristles, otherwise bare. Ciznocera Meig.

Scutellum bearing a pair of marginal bristles, otherwise bare, short
bristles in the dorsocentral rows on the thorax... Chamddipsia Mik.

Scutellum bearing short bristles in addition to the marginal pair,

Rodertia Mik.

Arista slender, Dristleslike |. ccsc.teistvs cvcssvanstvedde sass heed endca sgecnk dauy se 53

Arista thick, style-like, proboscis thick, horizontal, anal cell shorter
than thewecond baeal 50s. iswsrscissccsisieen setae sient Oreogeton Schin.

OF WASHINGTON, 263

53. Crossvein at apex of anal cell nearly perpendicular to the hind margin
of the wing...... Li ehoumdaabincrns hie heb Ackadin) wohaunat ie wkphinee enn cused Se ceewihtaby 54
Crossvein nearly parallel with hind margin of wing, proboscis thick,
nearly as long as height of head, almost perpendicular,
Gloma Meig.
54. Anterior branch of third vein terminating in the costa,
Brachystoma Meig.
Anterior branch terminating in the second vein,
Blepharoprocta Loew.
55. Upper side of body never metallic..........c.cccesceeeses soecaecseseesenceoees 56
Upper side of body metallic green, brassy, or bluish,
Lamprempis W. & M.

56. Proboscis at most as long as height of head........eeesee cesee cesses teeees 57
Proboscis longer than height of head, crossvein at apex of anal cell
parallel with hind margin of the wing.........s.. 6 ccecseseseeesecees cones 59

57- Axillary angle strongly projecting..........26 cesses cseeeesseeeesereee weveunes 58

Axillary angle only slightly projecting, crossvein at apex of anal cell
nearly perpendicular to the hind margin of the wing..Aagas Walk.

58. Antenne three-jointed, the third joint conical, arista rather long,
Hilara Meig.
Antenne very short, apparently two-jointed, the third joint oval,

arista and proboscis very SHOPt...........-ecceseeseeseeees Hormopeza Zett.

59. Direction of proboscis OWNWALMG ..........:0+5:serenseneconcarseesecionesa reese’ 60
Direction of proboscis forward, arista very short........ Zéeaphila Zett.

GO: FACE DATE. vive teens wrinsesiaseeskaanes capes Vistas Seu stet eh Sasha SGhke: oeahaa sa kaks ugh 61
PACE WAIN sacs eco haarn age oe caic de paeaneceeidstbabessbeans re usde Empimorpha Coq.
_61. Hind legs not longer than the others, hind femora much thickened,
SC VEE. SEPATALEM css csssdevvenvinns wdnva dun tenenteat chases chases Pachymerta Steph.

Hind legs longer than the others, hind femora not or only slightly
GhieKened Zo Wievssbesesuuale: akeev Weakranveons saueniakiione .....Ampis Linn.

63; Front femora thicken@d Witte iicese tans tamineies cara: suebessendes 63
Eront lemora slende tii ..s.yo05 ees ebeeaddescenqcis vstantheaee Roederiodes Coq.

63. Discal cell united with one of the other cells (type, Hemerodromia
Cotiusor Melander )iiicg:ccsisatseged cosh. jncndatcenuse goes Metachela, n. gen.
Discal cell separate, distinct............ rabies awenwacant sage Chelrfera Macq.

NOTES.

Microphorus flavipilosus Coq., M. crocatus Coq., and MM.
ravidus Coq.,all belong to A@¢crephorus,.as originally referred,
while AZ, atratus Coq. belongs more properly to Axthalia.

The genera Hloloclera and Huthyneura do not occur in this
country, so faras Iam aware. Sfoloclera bilineata Melander
belongs to AZécrophorus, while H/. sycophantor Melander be-
longs to Anxthalia. Euthyneura aperta Melander, £. stentor
Melander, and &. atrépes Melander, are all referable to AZ¢cro-
phorus; while &. mura Melander and &. dulbosa Melander

264 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

belong to Azxthalia. Euthyneura bucinator Melander was
founded on a single specimen without antenne, and its generic
position cannot be given.
Sciodromia palliata Coquillett belongs to A/écrophorus.
Empis conjuncta Coquillett has inore affinity with typical
species of Hmpzs than with those of any other genus; from
fragas it diflers widely, especially in the strongly projecting
axillary angle, in the venation, mouth parts, etc.
flilara viridis Coq. belongs to the subsequently erected genus
Lamprempts, as suspected by Prof. T. D. A. Cockerell in a
recent letter to the writer.
Synamphotera bicolor Loew is given above as the type of the
new genus Boreomyia.
Our species originally described under the old genera Hemero-
dromia and Alantipeza may be listed as follows:
Chelifera: albipes Walker, nota‘a Loew, obsoleta Loew, pallorits Co-
quillett and val¢da Loew.
Hemerodromia: captus Coquillett, defessa Williston, empzformis Say,
rogatorts Coquillett and suferstitiosa Say.
Neoplasta: mexicana Melander and scapularis Loew.
Metachela: collusor Melander and defecta Loew.

flydrodromia stagnalis Haliday has been recorded from
Greenland by Lundbeck.*

Iam unable at present to assign to their proper genera our
species described under the old genera Hydos and Clénocera,
owing to the insufficiency of the descriptions and the lack of
specimens. :

Wheeler and Melanderf state that Aydos triplex Walker,
fT. purpureus Walker, H1. duplex Walker, and FZ. subjectus
Walker pen yee only one species, and this is repeated by Mr.
Melander.t{ When preparing my Revision of the Empide I
constructed the following table, but omitted its publication.
While the names assigned to the species may net be correct in
every instance, owing to Walker’s superficial descriptions, yet
every conscientious student must admit that there are three valid
species :

1. Hind tarsi of male bearing a row of stout black spines on the outer side

of the first joint, femora without tubercles,
Euhybus subjectus iahesde
Hind tare Watnout Diack SplnGSs ..\..55.¥oces)siipiedcceesesss ae cerass snqpenes tyes

2. Hind femora of male bearing on the outer third of the under ae
several elongated tubercles, each tipped with a short spine, the
greatly curved hind tibize with a corresponding cavity,

E. purpureus Walk.
Hind legs without tubercles and cavities ..............+4. E. triplex Walk.
_ *Vid. Meddel. Natur. Kjobenhavn, 297, 1898.

+ Biol. C.-Am.. Dipt., 1, 373.
{ Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., XXVIII, 248.

OF WASHINGTON, 265

In my Revision of the Empide, page 397, attention was called
to the fact that Axoplempis cinerea Bigot belongs to the
genus Hmf7zs, and that as the name Hwpis cinerea is preoccu-
pied, Bigot’s insufficient description had better be cancelled.
Mr. Melander, however,* takes the opposite course, and pro-
poses the name Em pis bigoti for the above species, thus adding
another synonym to our already long list, since what is almost
certainly the same species was described by the writer in his
Revision, under the name of Hmpis manca, new species. The
giving of new names to very imperfectly described species will
hardly commend itself to students except in case that a more
perfect description is added from the type or other authentic
specimen.

Mr. Melander’s statementt that my original description of
E-mpis pellucida depends on that of &. virgata is erroneous, as
any student can ascertain by turning to that description.{ The
latter is complete in itself, and contains no reference: to the de-
scription of wérguta, or any other species.

Platypalpus trivialis Loew has wholly yellow femora and
tibiz in both sexes; the U.S. National Museum possesses a series
of specimens of both sexes from each of the following localities :
White Mountains, New Hampshire; Beverly, Massachusetts ;
Las Vegas Hot Springs, New Mexico, and Colorado.

Tachydromia tnusta Melander, 7. corticalés Melander and 7.
brachialis Melander belong to Zachypfeza. On the other hand,
Tachypeza pusilla Loew belongs to Zachydromia. Tachypeza
clavipes Loew, 7. rapax Loew, 7. rostrata Loew and 7.
winthemi Zetterstedt, all belong to Vachyfeza, as originally
referred. Zachypeza rapax Loew is evidently a synonym of
Stcus fenestratus Say; I know of no other species in this group
which has the front coxe marked with black, as mentioned by
Say, a character peculiar to the male, the female having the front
coxze and femora unspotted, and closely resembling rostrata,
from which it may easily be distinguished by the yellow hind
tibiz with only their apices brown or black.

Drapetis medetera Melander belongs to Elaphropeza, as is
evident from the greatly elongated third antennal joint. Drafpetzs
flavida Williston belongs to Zachydromiéa, as already stated in
my paper on the Diptera of Porto Rico ;§ not only are the front
femora considerably thickened, but those of the male bear several
spinous bristles on the under side.

Tachydromia nubifera Coquillett belongs to the recently
erected genus Coloboneura.

* Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., XxXvIU, p. 319.

t Trans. Am, Ent. Soc., Xxvil, p. 313.

+ Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci., 11. p. 408.

§ Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xxi, 251, May 12, 1900.

266 - ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

Phoneuttsca bimaculata Loew is evidently a synonym of
Tachydromia maculipennis Walker ; both were founded on speci-
mens from the far North, and no other known species in this
group has the wings marked ‘‘ with a large brown spot on the
fore border at two-thirds of the length from the base,” as described
by Walker. i
DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES.

Tachydromia varipennis, n. sp.

Near schwarzi, but the two brown cross-bands on each wing broadly
united along the costa. Head black front polished, only slightly nar-
rowed anteriorly, antenne yellowish brown, about one-third as long as
the arista, the third joint short-oval, eyes contiguous below the antennae,
palpi whitish, a black bristle at apex of each, proboscis black; body black,
polished, the front edge of pleura whitish pruinose, scutellum bearing two
bristles; legs yellowish, the tibiz, hind femora, and apices of tarsi brown-
ish, legs without bristles, no spurs at apices of middle tibie; halteres
whitish; wings smoky brown, the base as far as base of second vein, the
apex nearly as’ far as apex of this vein, anda _ half-band extending from
apex of fifth vein to the third vein, whitish hyaline; marginal cell at apex
of first vein scarcely half as wide as the submarginal at the same point,
apex of third vein nearly three times as far from apex of the second as
from that of the fourth, small crossvein nearly three-fourths of the ere
of the second basal cell. Length, 2 mm.

A specimen of each sex, collected at Franconia, N. H., by
Mrs. Annie T. Slosson.
Type.—No. 6774, U.S. National Museum.

Tachydromia lata, n. sp.

A very broad, robust form, the mesonotum broader than long. Head_
black, front subopaque, strongly narrowed anteriorly, antenne brown,
one-third as long as the arista, the third joint short-oval, eyes contiguous
for a short distance on the face, palpi yellow, a black bristle at apex of
each, proboscis black; body black, with a strong brassy tinge, polished,
mesonotum covered with depressed yellow hairs, scutellum bearing two
long and a few short bristles; legs brown, the front coxe, both ends of
their femora, their tibiz,and bases of their tarsi yellow; sometimes the
yellow coloring is much more extended; a preapical bristle on front side
of each femur, a long preapical bristle on inner side of each front and mid-
dle tibia and three short bristles at apex of front side of each hind tibia;
halteres yellow; wings hyaline, marginal cell at apex of first vein as wide
as the submarginal at the same point, apex of third vein nearly twice as
far from apex of the second as from that of the fourth, small crossvein
near middle of second basal cell. Length,-2 mm.

Two specimens, apparently males, collected at Lake Worth
and Biscayne Bay, Florida, by Mrs. Annie T. Slosson.
Type.—No. 6775, U. S. National Museum.

OF WASHINGTON. 267

Coloboneura nana, n. sp.

Black, the legs and halteres yellow; front opaque, considerably nar-
rowed anteriorly, antenne slightly over half as long as the arista, the
third joint oval and with a short prolongation at its apex, eyes widely
separated on the face; thorax opaque, gray pruinose; femora with a short
preapical bristle on the front side. middle and hind tibiz bearing several
rather long bristles; wings hyaline, marginal cell at apex of first vein
slightly wider than the submarginal at the same point, apex of third vein
nearly three times as far from apex of the second as from that of the fourth,
second basal cell slightly shorter than the first. Length, 1 mm,

Four male specimens, collected at Lake Worth, Florida, by
Mrs. Annie T. Slosson.

Type.—No, 6776, U. S. National Museum.

Tachypeza pruinosa, n. sp.

Near rostrata, but the mesonotum more densely pruinose, that on the
front end and sides bluish gray, encroaching considerably on the upper
part of the prepleura and mesopletra. Head black, front only slightly
narrowed anteriorly, eyes widely separated above the antenne, contiguous
for a considerable distance over the face, antennz reddish yellow, about
one-fourth as long as the style, the third joint oval, palpi yellow, pro-
boscis reddish yellow; body black; legs brown, the coxe, front and
middle tarsi except the last joint, also base of hind tarsi and ends of hind
femora narrowly, yellow, first two pairs of femora more yellowish brown,
their tibiz with a yellow vitta on the outer side; front femora greatly
thickened,without spinules on the under side, middle femora slightly thick-
ened, the under side with minute spinules and with a rather long hair at the
base, inner side of first two pairs of tibie and under side of first joint of
their tarsi bearing many spinules, middle tibiz without apical spurs;
halteres yellow; wings grayish hyaline, submarginal cel! above small
crossvein slightly wider than the marginal at the same point, apex of
third vein nearly twice as far from apex of second as from that of the
fourth, small crossvein oblique, about its length before apex of second
basal cell, crossvein at apex of this cell perpendicular. Length, 3.5 mm.

A female specimen collected at Atherton, Missouri, April 30,
by Mr. C. F. Adams.

Type.—No. 6777, U. S. National Museum.

CE dalea pruinosa, n. sp.

Head black, front and face polished, antenne dark brown, the third
joint four times as long as wide, gradually tapering toward the apex,
about eight times as long as the style, proboscis black, the labella yel-
lowish; thorax black, somewhat opaque, thinly grayish pruinose, a
polished streak above the middle coxe, scutellum bearing four bristles;
abdomen brownish yellow; legs, including the coxz, yellow, the apical
portion of the hind tibiz brownish, tarsi toward their apices brown; wings

268 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

hyaline, stigma obsolete, anterior intercalary vein obliterated before
reaching the wing margin, last section of filth vein slightly over half as
long as the preceding section; halteres yellow. Length, 2.5 mm.

A female specimen collected at Franconia, N. H., by Mrs.
Annie T. Slosson.

Type.—No. 6778, U. S. National Museum.

Anthalia stigmalis, n. sp.

Near dudbosa, but with a dark brown stigma. Black; third joint of an-
tenne broadly oval, only slightly longer than broad, about four times as
long as the style; proboscis slender, projecting forward about length of
the third antennal joint beyond the oral margin, slightly longer than the
palpi; eyes contiguous on the front; body somewhat polished; wings hya-
line, venation complete, veins and stigma dark brown. Length, 1.5 mm.

Two males collected at Port Renfrew, British Columbia, re-
ceived from Prof. J. S. Hine.

Type.—No. 6780, U. S. National Museum.

Anthalia flava, n. sp.

Head and its members brown, the lower part of occiput and the front
sometimes yellowish, third joint of antennex short-oval, only slightly
longer than wide, about four times as long as the style, proboscis about
one-fourth as long as height of head; body, halteres and legs yellow, apices
of tarsi brown, thorax somewhat polished, the hairs and bristles black;
wings hyaline, veins yellow, stigma obsolete, venation complete last sec-
tion of fifth vein slightly longer than the preceding section. Length, 1
mm.

One male and nine females collected on Mt. Washington, N.
H., by Mrs. Annie T. Slosson.

Zype.—No. 6779, U. S. National Museum.

Microphorus gilvihirtus, n. sp.

Differs from Axzthalia flava as follows: Head and first two joints of
antenne yellow, third joint of antenne elongate-oval, slightly over twice
as long as wide, the style minute, hairs and bristles of thorax yellow, last
section of the fifth vein nearly twice as long as the preceding section.
Length, slightly over 1 mm.

A female specimen collected at Franconia, N. H., by Mrs.
Annie T. Slosson.

Type.—No. 6781, U.S. National Museum.

Microphorus obscurus, n. sp.

Black; eyes contiguous on the front, third joint of antenne elongate-
conical, slightly widening near the base and then tapering gradually to
the apex, three and one-half times as long as broad, nearly twice as long
as the style, proboscis slender, directed forward, projecting the length of
third antennal joint beyond the oral margin, palpi only slightly project-

OF WASIIINGTON. 269 .

ing; mesonotum opaque, velvety, its hairs and bristles black, hairs of ab-
domen yellowish: hind tibia without long hairs, distinctly dilated, as are
also the first two joints of their tarsi; wings hyaline, veins brown, stigma
pale brown, last two sections of the fifth vein subequal. Length, 1.5 mm.
A male specimen collected at Franconia, N. H., by Mrs. Annie
T. Slosson.
Type.—No. 6782, U. S. National Museum.

Empis exilis, n. sp.

Head black, eyes contiguous, the upper facets not larger than the lower,
face somewhat polished, proboscis yellow, slightly longer than height of
head ; antenne brown, the third joint very elongate-lanceolate, about five
times as long as the style; body slender, black, a large yellow spot on each
side of the first four abdominal segments, venter yellow, body polished,
except a cordate, gray pruinose spot in front of the scutellum, hairs of
body pale, bristles of mesonotum and scutellum black, scutellum bearing
two bristles, hypopygium small, the central filament arcuate, exposed
except at the apex; legs, including the coxx, yellow, the apical portion of
the first two pairs of tarsi, whole of the hind ones, apical fourth of the
hind tibiz and outer half of the hind femora except at the apex, brown;
hind femora considerably thickened, the under side beset with black, spin-
ous bristles, middle and hind tibiz bearing a few rather short bristles on
the outer side, front and middle metatarsi subequal in size, about one-
third as thick as the hind ones; wings hyaline, stigma obsolete, last sec-
tion of fifth vein slightly longer than the preceding, sixth vein prolonged
almost to the wing-margin; halteres yellowish. Length, 3.5 mm.

A male specimen collected at Atherton, Missouri, May 11, by
Mr. C. F. Adams.

Ty pe.—No. 6783, U. S. National Museum.

Empis scoparia, n. sp.

Head black, eyes widely separated, facets of a uniform size, front and
face polished, antennez brown, the third joint lanceolate, about four times
as long as wide, six times as long as the style; proboscis yellowish brown,
one and one-half times as long as height of head ; body black, polished, the
margin of mesonotum,whole of pleura, scutellum and metanotum, opaque,
gray pruinose, hairs of abdomen and those in front of the halteres mixed
brown and_yellowish, scutellum bearing four bristles, hypopygium large,
central filament exposed at the apex, in front of the hypopygium on the
venter is a large prominence tipped with a large cluster of rather short
black bristles; cox black, legs dark yellow, the tarsi except their bases
brown, femora slender, under side of the last two pairs beset with rather
short bristles, the outer side of the tibiz bearing a few bristles, hind
metatarsi slightly thicker than the others; wings hyaline, stigma gray,
venation complete, sixth vein prolonged to the wing margin; halteres
yellow. Length, 6 mm.

200 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOUIETY

A male specimen collected at Franconia, N. H., by hice Anni¢
rT. Slosson.

- Lype. —No. 6%84, 1. a National Mitceum:

Empis brunnea, n. sp. coy,

Black, the legs dark brown, the hatieves yellowish brown, ,eyes con-
tiguous, the upper facets distinctly larger than the lower ones, third joint
of antenne elongate-lanceolaté, about four times as ‘long as wide, slightly
over twice as long as the style, proboscis somewhat, longer than height
of head; body subopaque, thinly grayish. pruinose, hairs in front of
the halteres brown, scutellum bearing four bristles, hypopygium very small,
central filament short, very robust,, exposed except. at the apex; legs
slender, almost bare, the hind tibize with a -few rather long. bristly hairs
on the outer side, hind’ metatarsi_ nearly. three. times as thick as the others ;
wings hyaline, stigma brown, venation complete, sixth vein prolonged to
the wing-margin, but the subterminal portion faint. Length, 3. mm.

Three males collected by the. writer in Los Angeles Co., Cali-
fornia, in February.

Type.—No. 6785, U. S. Mahonal Museura:

Empis hirtipes, n. sp.

Black; eyes contiguous, upper dots aeee. Thin the lower ones, third
joint of antenne elongate- lanceolate, about four times as long as wide,
twice as long as the style, proboscis more than twice as long as height of
head; body opaque, gray pruinose, hairs in front of the halteres black,
scutellum bearing two bristles, hypopygium small, the filament hidden
except at the base; legs rather slender, tarsi considerably thickened, the
front and middle ones slightly thicker than the hind ones, all tarsi and
the middle and hind tibie bearing many long hairs, wanting on the inner
side of the hind tibie ; wings smoky hyaline, brown along the costa, fourth
vein obliterated before reaching the wing-margin, the sixth prolonged to
this margin, first posterior cell slightly wider than. the first eens)
Length, 4 mm.

A male specimen collected uly 19. iy Mr. C. i. T. Townsend,
at Rio Ruidosa, White Mountains, New Mexico (altitude . about
6500 feet).

Type.—No. 6786, U-S. National Niecy

Empis tenebrosa, n. sp.

‘Black; third joint of antenne elongate, sublanceolate, nearly three times
as long as wide, only slightly longer than the style, front and face polished,
proboscis five times as long as height of head; thorax and scutellum
Opaque, gray pruinose, the hairs and bristles black, scutellum bearing two
bristles; abdomen slightly polished; legs rather slender, middle metatarsi
noticeably more slender than the others, legs. bearing many rather short
bristly hairs and with scales on the inner and outer sides of the front

~OF WASHINGTON. O71

tibiz, and on the upper side anda few on the apical fourth of under side
of the middle and hind femora; wings brownish, stigma dark brown,
fourth vein obliterated before reaching the wing-margin, first posterior
cell of the same width as the first submarginal, sixth vein prolonged to
the wing margin. Length, 4mm. j

Two females collected at Las Vegas Hot Springs, New Mexico,
August 7, by Mr. H. S. Barber, and Rio Ruidosa, White Moun-
tains, New Mexico (altitude about 6500 feet), July 19 by Mr.
C..H. T. Townsend.

—Type.—No. 6787, U.S. National Museum,

Empis squamipes, n. sp.

Black; front opaque, gray pruinose, third joint of antenne pear-shaped,
less than twice as long as wide, slightly shorter than the style, proboscis
five times as long as height of head; body opaque, gray pruinose, hairs
and bristles black, scutellum bearing two bristles; legs slender, the hind
ones noticeably dilated, hind metatarsi much thicker than the eile and
bearing several bristly hairs, under side of front femora and apical third
of outer side of their tibizx bearing a few narrow scales, both sides of the
remaining femora and tibie densely beset with long scales, smallest on
inner side of the middle tibiz; wings hyaline, pale smoky at the base and
along the costa, stigma wanting, first submarginal and first posterior cells
equal in width, fourth and sixth veins obliterated before Fores the
wing-margin. Length, 3 mm.

A female specimen collected at the head of Rio Piedras Verdes,
Sierra Madre, Chihuahua, Mexico (altitude about 7500 feet),-
August 11, by Mr. C. H. T. Townsend. :

Lype.—No. 6788, US: National Museum.

Empis frontalis, n. sp.

. Black, the palpi, halteres, and apical portion of claspers, yellow; eyes
widely separated, facets of a uniform size, front and face opaque, thinly
gray pruinose, a stripe of short hairs on each side of middle of front, third
joint of antennz sublanceolate, slightly over twice as long as broad, as
long as the style, proboscis two and one-half times as long as height of
head; body opaque, gray pruinose, hairs and. bristles black, mesonotum
marked with four black vitte, a large cluster of bristly hairs above the
front coxe, scutellum bearing about ten bristles, hypopygium rather
large, filament hidden except near the base; legs robust, femora of male
bearing many hairs and bristles, tibiz almost bare, metatarsi slender and
of nearly an equal thickness; wings hyaline, stigma obsolete, veins com-
plete, yellow, becoming brown apically. Length, 6 mm.

A specimen of each sex collected on St. George Island, Alaska,
July 26, by Prof. Trevor Kincaid.
Type —No. 6789, U. S. National Museum.

272 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

Lamprempis setigera, n. sp.

3. Head greenish black, occiput opaque, gray pruinose, eyes contig-
uous, the upper facets much larger than the lower, antennz dark brown,
the two basal joints yellowish, the third lanceolate, three times as long as
wide, almost twice as long as the style, proboscis brown and yellowish,
one and one-half times as long as height of head; body polished, metallic
green, the abdomen partly steel-blue and violet, pleura opaque, gray prui-
nose, the hairs and bristles black, scutellum bearing about ten bristles,
hypopygium large, open, the lower piece directed forward along the venter,
at its apex bearing a long, arcuate, yellow seta, under side of hypopygium
and the venter bearing several long, bristly hairs; coxz and femora yel-
low, tibiz and tarsi brownish, femora beset with short hairs, outer side of
tibiz bearing several rather long bristles, front metatarsi considerably
thicker than any of the others; wings grayish hyaline, stigma brown, veins
between first three posterior cells becoming subobsolete at their apices,
sixth vein obliterated before reaching the wing-margin; halteres brown.
Length, 4 mm.

©. Differs from the male, besides the sexual characters, as follows:
Upper side of middle femora bearing several dilated bristles, the under
side, as well as both sides of the hind femora and their tibiz, ciliate with
scales.

Three males and two females collected at Baracoa, Cuba, in
August and September, by Mr. August Busck.

Type.—No. 6793, U. S. National Museum.

MYRMELEONIDZ FROM ARIZONA.
By Roxira P. Currie.

As first contemplated, this paper was to be simply a report
upon the ant-lion flies collected in Arizona by Messrs. E. A.
Schwarz and H. 8S. Barber during the summer of 1901. After-
wards the writer decided to enlarge its scope and, following the
example of Mr. Nathan Banks in his recently published paper,
‘* Neuropteroid Insects from Arizona,”* make it as complete a list
as possible of the Arizona species.

Up to the year 1897 but little was known concerning the
Myrmeleonide of Arizona. Hagen’s ‘* Synopsis of the Neurop-
tera of North America” contains no Arizona records in this
group of insects, and there are but two in his ‘‘ Stray Notes on
Myrmeleonide.”+ Much of our present knowledge concerning
the ant-lion flies of this Territory is due to the efforts of Dr. R.

*Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., v, No. 4, pp. 237-245 (author’s extras published
April 29, 1903).

+ These are: Brachynemurus carrizonus Hagen, Can. Ent., xx, No. 5,
p. 94. May, 1888, and B. sackenz Hagen, loc. czt., p. 95. Both are from |
Tucson.

~

OF WASHINGTON. Qiao

E. Kunze, who, during the years 1896 to 1898, made quite ex-
tensive collections, principally at Phoenix and. Prescott, though
he also obtained specimens at Bowie, Camp Creek, Goldfield,
Huachuca, Nogales, Tucson, Senator and Wickenburg. His
material is now contained in the collection of Mr. Charles C.
Adams; in that of Mr. Nathan Banks, and in the U. S. National
Museum. In 1897 Mr. H. G. Hubbard collected a few speci-
mens in the Chiricahua Mountains, and at Fort Grant, Tucson,
San Simon, Willcox and Fort Yuma. In 1898 Mr. E. A. Schwarz,
in company with Mr. Hubbard, secured several species in the
Santa Rita Mountains, at Catalina Springs, near the old Camp
Lowell, at Oracle, and at Tucson. The Barber and Schwarz
collection was made at Bright Angel (Grand Canyon of the
Colorado River), Flagstaff, Prescott, Williams, Winslow, and at
Hot Springs, in Yavapai County. Finally, Mr. E. J. Oslar made
collections at the following localities: Congress, Hot Springs,
Jerome, Prescott, Rio Verde and Thumb Butte. The Hubbard,
Schwarz and Barber specimens are in the National Museum, and
the specimens from Oslar in the collection of Mr. Nathan Banks.
A few individuals labeled ‘‘Ariz.,” from the American Entomo-
logical Society collection, and two in the National Museum from
‘© So. Arizona” (O. C, Poling), are also included.

The following list embraces thirty species and two varieties,
including the nine forms—seyven species and two varieties—here
considered as new and so described. These figures will be appre-
ciated when we remember that, including these new forms, hardly
more than fifty recognized species are now known from the entire
United States, and of this number eleven species and one variety
arenot yet known outside of Arizona and have been described
during the last six years.

The ranges of certain species in Arizona accord well with
what is known concerning geographical distribution. For ex-
ample, the Lower Sonoran fauna of Phoenix includes such forms
as Brachynemurus carrizonus, B. guadripunctatus, the species
of Acanthaclists and Maracandula pygmaea, while in the
Transition zone (Prescott, etc.) occur more northern forms,
such as Brachynemurus nigrilabris, B. brunneus and Myr-
meleon tmmaculatus, variety occidentalis. Species of wide dis-
tribution—B. ferox (peregrinus), B. sackeni, Dendroleon
obsoletus, etc.—seem to occur quite generally throughout the
Territory.

I wish to express my thanks to Mr. Charles C. Adams for the
use of his large and valuable collection. It gives me pleasure
also to acknowledge the important assistance rendered by Mr.
Nathan Banks in furnishing locality records from his duplicate
and other material, and in giving me the opportunity of studying
his collection, including the types of all his species.

274 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

Acanthaclisis fallax Hanne):

Pheenix, October 4 (Kunze: 1%). -

This species has not, I believe, been recor ded north of Mexico
before.
Acanthaclisis congener Hagen.

Pheenix, May 5 to June 9 (Kunze: 3 d'd, 27. 188): Jerome,
June 25, and Rio Verde, August (Oslar).
Acanthaclisis hageni Banks. | SA as Uy ahi kee ety ais

Willcox, July 7 (Hubbard: 1 @); Pheenix, ona to August
25 (Kanze: 15:0'0',-23 9.2). eae
[Myrmeleon immaculatus De Geer.

‘‘Ariz.” (coll. Am. Ent. Soc. : 2° 92).. Ae

These seem not to differ from typical examples from the eastern
States, the space between the subcosta and radius lacking the
row of dark spots.. Itseems not unlikely that the specimens have
been incorrectly labeled. ]

Myrmeleon immaculatus, variety occidentalis, n. var. 3

3. 2.—Similar to typical zmmaculatus but darker, the anterior wings.
with fuscous cloudings along the radius and one at tip of posterior cubital
fork ; sometimes also there are paler cloudings along the submedian vein
and more or less generally upon the transverse veins.

Williams, July 22 to 29 (Barber and Schwarz: 3 $3, 3 29);
Prescott, August 5 to September 16 (Kunze: 5 99); Senator,
July 13 (Kunze: 1 Q); Jerome (Qslar: 2 fg, 2 99); Prescott,
June 21, and Thumb Butte, July 9 (Oslar). .

Besides these Arizona specimens I have seen- the following:
Las Vegas Hot Springs. New Mexico, August :2 to 19, Igor
(Barber and Schwarz: 397955 29): Albuquerque, New Mexico
(Oslar: 1-9); ‘* Colo., 1762” (Carl F. Baker: 1:9); Ormsby
County, Nevada, July 6 (Baker: 1 3); Colorado (‘¢ Cornell U.
Lot, 195, Sub. 3, Sub. 10, Sub. 11 :”.2 Dds 2 99); Golden, Col-:
orado, bred (Dyar and Caudell: 1 9); Pine. Grows: Colorado, »
bred (Dyar and Caudell: 1 ¥); Platte Canyon, June (Dyar and:
Caudell: 1 9); Denver, Colorado, bred at Washington, D..C. :
(A. N. Caudell: 1 9); Havana, Illinois, August 12, 1896.
(Adams: 1 9); New Orleans, Louisiana (Shufeldt 2 FS); eh bays
no locality (1 ¢). - |

Type.—No. 6882, U. S. National Museum.

The type specimen is a ¥ from Williams. :

Dr. Hagen, in his description of AZ. immaculatus,* speaks of.
the space between the mediana (radius) and subcosta being black-
ish, where not interrupted with yellowish. I do not find these
blackish spots in any specimens from the Atlantic States, while
in all my examples from the western United States the spots do
occur. Do not the western specimens which Dr. Hagen had

* Cat. Ent. XX, NOs to, October, 1888, p. 190.

OF WASHINGTON, ~~ 275

before him when he Grey EP. bie Seen POOue to the variety
occidentalis ? :

Myrmeleon rusticus iach: CRA ee ns ee

Hot Springs, June 28 (Barber and Schwarz : I 3h; Pheenix,
May 22 to September 25 (Kunze: ‘5 SS, 6 22);. Prescott, y June
10 (Oslar: 1¢).°
Psammoleon ingeniosus. (Walker).

Pheenix, June 10 to September 26. tee 4 JS’. LI i °) ;
Hot Springs, July (Oslar: 1 2).
Psammoleon sinuatus, n: sp. ie 3 gee Ev fe) ee Behe

3'.— Differs from P. tagentosus in that the two. éhiiaus fuscous streaks:
on the anterior wings are connected by a‘straight streak situated two cells
below the anterior fork of the cubitus, thus forming:a single, doubly sinu-
ate line. In all other respects the description of the latter species: seems.
to apply equally well to this. —

Length 22, alar expanse 58; greatest, width. of anterior wing. 5: 5)
antenna 6 mm.

Santa Rita Me untciis May. 31 “(Schi vwarz: I 3).

Type.—No. 6883, U. 8. National. Museum. ae

In the collection of Mr. Charles C: Adams is pier each
larger specimen, paratype, with antennée and apical segments of
the abdomen missing, taken. in, Bear Creek Canyon, Colorado,
July ro, 1897,: by Mr. E. J. Oslar.. Its measurements. are as:
follows: alar. expanse 72, greatest width of anterior wing S.mm..
Maracandula pygmaea (Hageti); -

Hot Springs, June 21 and 22 (Barber: I ee I 9); ? Santa Rita
Mountains, June 16, and Madera Canyon, Santa. Rita Moun-
tains, June 17 (Schwarz: I gy 2 e a PH EERSs May. 16 to oJuy
By (Runge 3:2 eye .
Dendroleon obsoletus (Say e , Bs Soon

Williams, July 27 (Barbe¥ an nd’? Schwarz: ‘egy; Alias Rita’
Mountains, June 16 (Schwarz: 1 @). : hips
Brachynemurus abdominalis (Saye sly alee

Prescott, July (Oslar), on the authority of Mr. Banks.

Although I have seen no Arizona specimens of this species,
yet it would be Battal to wih to find it j in fiius eben zone of
Prescott. ,
Hrachdaeinone hinanris Hani 3

Prescott, June 9 to September TO: (Kunze: 12 aoe ie
2 —);. June 30 (Oslar). . Met ee
Brachynemurus carrizonus Hagen |

‘Willcox, July 24 (Hubbard: 1 9); {Bhasnie: May IO to ae
‘tember 22 (Kunze: 104 JG; 107 9-9)5 ‘Bowie, May bbe (Kunze:
If); ‘*Ariz.” (coll, Am. Ent.:Soc.;'2 995-49 G)-
Brachynemurus quadripunctatus Currie, _

Phoenix, May 13 to September 4 (Kunze: 97 Pos 162 OQ).

}

ft

276 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

Brachynemurus ferox (Walker).

Bright Angel, July 10 and 13 (Barber and Schwarz: 2 JQ, 1
2) 3 Chiricahua Mountains, June 28 (Hubbard: 1 9); Tucson,
May 13 (Hubbard: 1 9); Madera Canyon, Santa Rita Moun-
tains, June 14 to 17 (Schwarz: 3 Jd':3 29); Catalina Spriggs,
May S§ and 10 (Schwarz: 3 ¢'\f'}); Phenix, April 25 to Aupust
4 (Kunze: 4 3,3 99); Prescott, June 22 (Kunze: 1 9);
Nogales, June 9 (Kunze: 1 9); Tucson, May 9 to May 20
_ (Kunze: 1 J, 1 Q and 1 —); Jerome, June 27 and June —
(Oslar: 3 99); Thumb Butte, July 9 (Oslar: 1 ); Prescott,
June g and June — (Oslar: 3 9); ‘‘Ariz.” (coll. Am. Ent.
Soc.: 15 fds 7 29). cuit

I concur with Mr. Banks in his belief that 2B. peregrinus
Hagen is the same as B. ferox.

Brachynemurus longipalpis Hagen.

San Simon, July 5 (Hubbard: 1 Y, 2 99); Willcox, July 24
(Hubbard: 1 ~); Oracle, June 27 and July 2 (Schwarz: 3 ¢Q);
Phoenix, June 13 to August ro (Kunze: 3 ¢g,8 99); Hot
Springs, July (Oslar: 1 §, 5 99).

Brachynemurus sackeni Hagen.

Tucson, April 4 and July 5 (Hubbard: 2 ¢g,1 9); Fort
Yuma, April 4 (Hubbard: 1 9) ; Catalina Springs, April 8 and
12 (Schwarz: 7 JQ. 7 99); Phenix, April 5 and 20 (Kunze:
Ig, 1 —) 3; Goldfield, April 14 (Kunze: 1 9, 1—); Nogales,
May 25 (Kunze: 1 4); Congress, May 6,7, and — (Oslar: 4 9g,
1 Q and 1 —); Hot Springs (Oslar: 2 99).

Brachynemurus niger Currie.

Prescott, June 20 (Barber and Schwarz: 1 —); Fort Grant,
July 20 (Hubbard: 1 9); Prescott, June 29 and July 1 (Kunze:
1 Q,1—); Camp Creek, August (Kunze: 1 Q).
Brachynemurus brunneus Currie.

B. centralis Banks.

A comparison of the types of the two species shows them to
be identical.

Prescott, June ro (Oslar: 1 Q).

Brachynemurus papago Currie.

Madera Canyon, Santa Rita Mountains, June 7 (Schwarz: 1
ST Q).
Brachymemurus coquilletti Currie.

San Simon, July 5 (Hubbard: 3: 9); Phenix, June 6 to
August 30 (Kunze: 2 Jd, 3 9Q9,1—).

Mr. Banks* has made this species a synonym of Hagen’s
blandus, but this is certainly a mistake. I have recently seen
specimens quite distinct from cogu7lHettd which correspond per-

*Ent. News, x, No. 6, p. 171, June, 1899.

OF WASHINGTON. ht oP

fectly with Hagen’s description.* In these specimens the &
appendages are much longer and more slender than in coguc/lettz,
at least half as long as the last abdominal segment; the tibial
spurs are not longer than the two basal joints of the tarsi, while in
cogutlletti they are as long as the four basal joints. There are
also other differences.

Brachynemurus hubbardii Currie.

B. cockerellt Banks.

I have examined the type of cockered/i and can find no differ-
ence between it and this species. Mr. Banks, in the remarks
following his description,t says: ‘‘ From B. hudbbardz it is dis-
tinct by the yellow color, markings of head,etc.” But typical hwé-
bardzi ts yellow or yellowish, and the markings of the head are
not, in my opinion, essentially different; in some examples of
the new variety xudecul/pennis the longitudinal median line on
the face is not apparent, showing that these head markings are
subject to variation. The confusion as to color may be explained
by the fact that, at the time cockere/lz was described, Mr. Banks
did not possess true Auddardiz, all his specimens belonging to
_ nubeculipennts.

Brachynemurus hubbardii, variety nubeculipennis, n. var.

3, 2.—Very similar to typical B. hubburdii, but smaller, luteous in-
stead of yellowish, rather densely hirsute, the fore wings narrower, quite
extensively and evenly sprinkled with fine fuscous cloudings—principally
on the smaller forks and the.extremities of the transverse veins; the hind
wings also sometimes have similar, but fainter, cloudings, or at least
have one at tip of median vein.

Length, § 39.8, Q 28.1; alar expanse, (41.4, Q 48; greatest width
of anterior wing, 9 5, 9 6.2; antenna,’ 7, Q 5.3 mm.

Phenix, June 27 to September 18 (Kunze: 18 o'o", 32 2);
Prescott, August 21 to 31 (Kunze: 2 d'o', 1 2); *¢ So. Arizona”
(Poling: 1 —). .

Type.—No. 6884, U. S. National Museum.

I can find no other differences between this and typical hud-
bardi?, yet the two forms are readily distinguished in nearly
every case. One specimen cited above, ‘‘ So. Arizona, Poling,”
is similar in color to the variety zubeculipennzs, but the wings
are not more spotted than in the typical form and the wing-
veins are yellowish instead of luteous. It is somewhat uncertain
to which form it should be assigned and it may be best to class it
as an intermediate. ‘Two other luteous specimens, broken, from
Columbus, Texas, July, 1879 (E. A. Schwarz), and Carrizo
Springs, Texas, August 25, 1885 (Dr. A. Wadgymar), probably
belong to the variety, though the latter specimen has small, al-

*Can. Ent., xx, No. 4, pp. 73, 74, April, 1888.
+ Ent. News, x11, No. 3, p. 86, March, 1go2.

278 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

most imperceptible, wing cloudings, and may possibly be a
faded hubbardiz. The three specimens from Prescott are unusu-
ally dark and are heavily marked.
Brachynemurus pusillus Currie. — :
Fort Grant, July 12 and 23 (Hubbard: 2 49 ?)3 Mader:
Canyon, Santa Rita Mountains, June 14 eR were’ Io):
Brachynemurus pallidus Banks. .
Phenix, September 19 to October 12 (Kunze: 9 PP); Pres-
cott, June 27 (Oslar: ro).
Ass the & of this species has never before been. found, I give
here a description of Oslar’s specimen: i: i

3. —More slender than the Q, sane: the ackines dark fuscous’
instead of brownish, and more extended.* Antenne less clavate. Vertex
with two transverse piceous stripes, the rear one interrupted at the mid-
dle.t Prothorax with a pair of longitudinal, submedian dorsal lines, in-
terrupted behind the transverse furrow and resumed in front of it. Each
of these lines, at base, is ‘connected with the lateral stripe on the same
side.{ Meso-and metathorax plainly marked ; anterior lobe of mesonotum
with two dark spots in front and two behind; lateral lobes fuscous ante-
riorly and externally and with a spot near mid-dorsal line; posterior lobe
with two spots in front and one at middle-of hind margin; posterior angles.
each with two longitudinal lines. Metathorax bordered with fuscous on
sides, an X-shaped mark in the middle, a spot on each lateral lobe anda
median line from front to rear on posterior lobe. Abdomen longer than
the wings. Appendages longer than the last abdominal segment, slender,
cylindrical, yellowish, clothed with coarse dark hairs or bristles, the tips
curved inwards. Legs with a fine, dark, interrupted ring before middle
of tibie.§ Tibial spurs as long as first tarsal joint Wings more slénder
than those of the Q. Sere gente

* Length 21, alar rere RA weestest width of anterior te 4; antenne,
4-3 mm.

Brachynemurus minusculus Banks.

Winslow, July 31 (Barber and Schwarz: 1 a.

This specimen differs somewhat from the type and from. other
examples I have examined. It is paler, the apical joint of. maxil-,

*It is of course possible that Q 9 from Hot Springs, the locality from:
which this % was taken, may turn out to ig) like the latter -in aed sap to-
color and extent of markings. ;

+ The anterior stripe is present in-all specimens I have. seen, though not’
mentioned in Mr. Banks’ description. It is sometimes interrupted in the
middle. The two dots he speaks of (Ent. News,.x, No. 6, p..171, June,
1899), are the remnants of the interrupted posterior stripe.

{The longitudinal submedian lines are present weno in some 9 9,
though very short.

§ Sometimes apparent in the Q 2 also.

OF WASHINGTON, 279

lary and labial palpi not black .but luteous, tinged with rufous,
the superior dark line on middle and posterior femora merely
indicated by a number of more or less confluent dots.* The wings,
too, are less heavily marked. These differences do not seem to.
justify making this a new species, although additional material
may show it to be a good geographical race. !

Brachynemurus tuberculatus Banks.

Madera Canyon, Santa Rita Mountains, June 8 and 14
(Schwarz: 1 4%, 2 99); Hot Springs, July 1 (Oslar: 1 3).
Brachynemurus delicatulus, n. sp.

o.—Slender, yellowish, with rather sparse white hairs. Face piceous
above, except a yellowish spot just behind the antenne; inter-antennal
mark short, narrowly bordering the antennz in front and sending a median
line towards the clypeus. Mouth parts luteous; labrum three times as
broad as long, not emarginate; labial palpi somewhat longer than max-
illary, third joint very stout fusiform, rufo-piceous around ocelloid spot,
the tip fine and cylindrical. Maxillary palpigers rufo-piceous at their
elbows. Antennz strongly clavate, a little shorter than head and thorax,
fuscous, with pale articulations; joint 1 principally luteous; 2 piceous
except at base, conspicuously wider than third and following joints. Ver-
tex rufo-fuscous, a pair of yellowish spots at middle of posterior border
and other indistinct spots on sides and in front.

Prothorax marked with a pair of longitudinal fuscous stripes which are
broad and approximate behind, narrowed and widely separated in front
and ending in the transverse furrow; lateral margins behind the furrow
and a stripe each side below fuscous.. Mesothorax fuscous, marked dor-
sally with yellowish as follows: a spot in front of each wing; two sub-
triangular, almost connected, spots near middorsal line on lateral lobes
and a small one at base of wing; posterior angles; rear portion of pos-
terior lobe except an indistinct’ longitudinal dark line in the middle.
Metathorax fuscous, varied with yellowish very much as in the mesothorax,
Sides and sterna with small yellowish markings.

Abdomen fuscous, a line each side and an apical ring on the segments
yellowish; appendages extremely short, obtuse, yellowish, clothed with
long white hairs. Legs unspotted, beset with black and white spines, the
anterior and middle cox fuscous at base; tibial spurs as longas first four
tarsal joints; tarsal joints piceous.apically, 2, 3 and 4 almost entirely that
color; claws as long as joint 5 of tarsi. Wings alittle longer than the abdo-.
men, hyaline, unspotted, slightly falcate at tips—shaped as in B. ceguzllettz ; :
pterostigma luteous, fuscous within, a very few intercostals forked before
it; veins luteous, interrupted with fuscous—principally at their junctures ;.
submediana pale; membranule of hind wings with a pale tuberculiform:

* Although the fact is not indicated in the original description, this dark
line occurs only on the middle and hind femora, the anterior femora being
wholly pale.

280 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

process which is tipped with a broad brush of short, rufous hairs or
bristles.

Length 18, alar expanse 33.5, greatest width of anterior wing 4.3,
antenna 3.4 mm.

Pheenix, ‘‘ desert,” May 11, 1898 (Kunze: 1 ¢).

Type.—No. 6885, U. S. National Museum.

A beautiful little species, suggesting B. coguzlle/tz in the shape
of the wings. It appears to be the smallest known member of
the genus, although B. pusz/lus is very nearly as diminutive.

Brachynemurus schwarzi, n. sp.

3'.—Extremely slender, fuscous, clothed with black hairs. Face luteous,
piceous aboye; inter-antennal mark rather short, emarginate, bordering
the antenne in front and sending a median line towards the clypeus.
Labrum luteous, four times as broad as long, not emarginate. Maxillary
palpi luteous, tinged with piceous, the articulations pale. Labial palpi
somewhat longer than the maxillary, rufo-piceous, with pale articulations ;
third joint rather stout fusiform. Under parts of head luteous, the base
of mentum, and elbows and tips of maxillary palpigers, piceous. An-
tenne clavate, a little shorter than head and thorax, fuscous, with luteous
articulations, the club partly pale; joints 1 and 2 clouded with piceous;
I set in a luteous ring and mostly that color behind. Vertex luteous, a
broad, irregular, interrupted band behind and a narrower one in front—
sometimes interrupted, fuscous.*

Prothorax luteous, a longitudinal mid-dorsal stripe, divided lengthwise
bya pale median line, and two stripes each side, fuscous; beneath luteous,
two fuscous,spots at sides near base. Mesothorax fuscous, luteous as fol-
lows: a spot on each side of anterior lobe in front and some indistinct
ones behind, some spots near base of wings, a divided spot on the inner
side of each lateral lobe, hind border and longitudinal middorsal line on
posterior lobe, and outer margins of posterior angles; sides and sterna
varied with luteous. Metathorax with very similar markings.

Segments of abdomen luteous in the middle and at their articulations ;
appendages like those of B. sackenz, but shorter, 2 mm. in length, not as
long, although more than half as long,as last abdominal segment. Legs
with large black and white spines, luteous, piceous as follows: middle and
base of cox; anterior and middle femora externally and tips of hind fem-
ora; three rings, interrupted oninner side, on the tibie—one at base,
one before the middle and one before the apex; apices of first and fifth,
andall of third and fourth, tarsal joints. Tibial spurs as long as joints 1-3
of tarsi; claws a little shorter than joint 5. Wings much shorter than
abdomen, hyaline with a slight smoky tinge; forewings heavily clouded
with fuscous upon most of the transverse veins; hind wings faintly
clouded ; pterostigma whitish, fuscous within, a few intercostals forked
‘before it; veins luteous, interrupted with fuscous—principally at their

*There are usually two luteous spots in the posterior band—near the
middle.

OF WASHINGTON. 281

junctures; membranule of posterior wings with a small tuberculiform
luteous process tipped with a thin brush of short hairs or bristles.

‘2.—Similar to the 3’, but the abdomen shorter, little longer than the
wings, the latter broader. Tip of abdomen dark, spinous, the two cylin-
drical inferior appendages clothed with long dark hairs.

Length, 5 44, 2 26; alar expanse, g' 47, 2 525 greatest width of an-
terior wing, 3 5.7, @ 7; antenna, ¢ 9 4mm.

Flagstaff, July 4 (Barber and Schwarz: j'j'2 ); Williams,
July 5 to 27 (Barber and Schwarz: 63’, 7 2).

Ty pe.—No. 6886, U. S. National Museum.

The type specimen isa o from Flagstaff. This species resem-
bles B. sackenz in the markings of the abdomen, shape of the 3
appendages and form and markings of the wings. It presents
many differences, however, among which are: its larger size,
longer & abdomen, shorter appendages, more slender and darker
thorax, much longer tibial spurs and more heavily and uniformly
clouded transverse wing veins. Mr. Barber reports that the speci-
mens, five in number, collected on July 9, were all found in the
early morning under one stone.

Brachynemurus yavapali, n. sp.

Q.—Slender, fuscous, with black and white hairs. Face luteous, pice-
ous above and clouded throughout; inter-antennal mark long, deeply
notched, bordering the antenne in front and sending a median line to the
clypeus. Labrum clouded with piceous, little more than twice as wide as
long, very slightly emarginate. Palpi piceous, the articulations pale;
labials slightly the longer, the third joint stout fusiform, tip fine. Under
parts of head Iuteous, the maxillary palpigers piceous at base, elbow and
apex, the mentum and labial palpigers tinged or clouded with the same.
Antenne somewhat shorter than head and thorax, clavate, luteous below;
above fuscous, with luteous articulations; joints 1 and 2 piceous with pale
articulations, 1 set ina luteous ring. Vertex luteous, the posterior third
or more and the longitudinal furrow piceous; in front of this a transverse
light brown band.

Prothorax luteous, with a single large fuscous mark formed by the join-
ing of a broad middorsal stripe, extending from base to apex, with two
lateral stripes each side; inner lateral stripe reaching forward only to the
transverse furrow, the outer one still shorter; lateral margins with a small
fuscous spot at extreme base; beneath are two fuscous spots at sides near
base. Anterior lobe of mesothorax fuscous, a luteous spot each side; lat-
eral lobes principally luteous, a U-shaped marking whose branches point
backward springs from the fuscous anterior portion, a shining fuscous dot
behind outer branch of the U; posterior angles fuscous, margins luteous ;
posterior lobe luteous, two approximate middorsal stripes on anterior
halfand a median dot on hind margin fuscous. Metathorax fuscous, an
inner spot on each lateral lobe, and all of the posterior lobe except a
median dot on hind margin, luteous. Sides and sterna varied with lute-
ous.

282 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

Abdomen fuscous, the segments with a luteous band across the middle,
the venter largely luteous; tip luteous, spinous, the two inferior appen-
dages clothed with dark hairs or bristles. Legs beset with black spines,
luteous, piceous as follows: the coxe principally; the femora exteriorly
and at tips; three narrow bands on tibiz, one at base, one before middle
and one at apex;* tips of tarsal joints. Tibial spurs not longer than
first, and claws a little shorter than fifth. tarsal joint. Wings a little
longer than abdomen, hyaline; fore wings heavily clouded with fuscous
on most of transverse veins; hind wings with a faint clouding at tip of
submedian vein and at apical forks; veins luteous. interrupted with fus-
cous—principally at their junctures; pterostigma whitish, fuscous interi-
orly, a few intercostals forked before it.

Length, 21; alar expanse, 38. 53 Breaiet width of anterior wing, 5.5;
antenna, 4.5 mm.

Hot Springs, Yavapai County, Tue 26, at light (Barber and
Schwarz: 1 &).

Type.—No. 6887, U/S. National Museum.

This species resembles 2. sackenz and B&B. schwarz, but is
darker than the former and the markings of head and thorax are
different from those of either species; the abdomen, too, has
luteous bands at middle of segments. only, on dorsum—vo?é at
articulations.

Brachynemurus barberi, n. sp.

2 .—Very slender, fuscous, with rather dense and coarse hairs-—most
of them white. Face luteous, piceous above; inter-antennal mark ex-
tremely short, emarginate, reaching only half way to the sides in front of
the antenne, a longitudinal median line extending towards the clypeus.
Labrum luteous, three times as wide as long, slightly emarginate. Max-
illary palpi luteous, 3 piceous and 1 and 2 piceous-tinged. Labial palpi
about twice as long as maxillary, rufo-piceous, articulations luteous;
joints 2 and 3 each about six times as. long as the first; 3 stout fusiform,
largest beyond middle, abruptly narrowed to tip which is short, fine,
cylindrical. Under parts of head luteous, the maxillary palpigers piceous
at elbows. Antenne considerably shorter than head and thorax, fuscous,
articulations luteous; club large, pale, sprinkled with fuscous; joints 1
and 2 piceous, I set in aluteous ring, mostly luteous behind and partly so
in front. Vertex fuscous, two transverse lines on front margin, the one
in front luteous, the one behind shining fuscous; another shining fuscous
band on hind part of vertex, interrupted so as to form an irregular spot
or spots on each side and a twin spot at the median line.

Prothorax with three longitudinal luteous lines, one in the middle and
one on each side, the lateral lines ending in the transverse furrow; be-
neath with two fuscous spots each side, the anterior one longitudinal, the
posterior tranverse. Meso- and metathorax with a few very indistinct
pale markings. Abd»men with indistinct pale spots on the middle of

*These bands are sometimes interrupted within.

OF WASHINGTON, 283

segments on dorsum; tip spinous, densely hirsute Legs beset with black
and white spines and hairs, the anterior femora with remarkably long,
coarse white hairs; coxe and- femora piceous, the anterior coxe partly
luteous; tibiz with three piceous bands, one at base, one before the mid-
dle (sometimes interrupted on inner side) and one at the apex; on the
anterior and middle tibiz these bands are broad so that the prevailing
color is dark; tarsal joints 1 and 5 apically, and all of 2, 3 and 4, piceous. ;
Tibial spurs as long as first four tarsal joints on front legs, as long as
first three on hind and middle legs; claws a little: shorter than joint 5.

Wings a little shorter than the abdomen, narrow, hyaline; the anteriors
with small fuscous spots—principally along the cubitus and its forks, the
anal vein, and the forks near hind margin and apex of wing; a fine fuscous
streak extending obliquely forward from tip of median vein; a larger
fuscous spot at the apical radial’cross vein and a smaller one at junc-
tion of subcosta and radius—these last two spots the only ones present on
hind margin; veins luteous, interrupted with fuscous— principally at their
junctures; pterostigma whitish, fuscous within, one to three intercostals
forked before it in fore wings, none in hind wings.

Length 23, alar expanse 38, greatest width of anterior wing 4.3, antenna
3mm.

Hot Springs, June 26 and 27 (Berbss and Schwarz: 3 2).

Type.—No. 6888, U. S. National Museum. ,

This species is about the size and shape of BL. puszllus but is
darker, the markings are different, the abdomen longer, the wings
longer, more slender and more heavily marked, the tibial spurs
much longer, and the labial palpi very much longer and stouter
and of different shape.

Brachynemurus intermedius, n. sp.

. &.—Very similar to B. texanus Banks in size, shape, and general ap-
pearance. .It differs from that species as follows: anterior portion of the
vertex fuscous, confluent with the inter-antennal mark} a single transverse
- band, interrupted i in the middle, on the elevated portion, appearing as two
large, approximate spots which are broadest within. Pronotal stripes
heavier and longer, sometimes almost coalescent at transverse furrow and
anterior margin, making the pronotal pattern much asin B. Jerox, the
outer as well as the inner pair surpassing the transverse furrow and barely
interrupted. It lacks the pair of spots near hind margin of the posterior
lobe of mesonotum and the dot on each lateral lobe of metanotum. Ap-
pendages of °j' longer, fully half as long as last abdominal segment.
Wings less heavily though similarly marked, narrower, with very few
transversals forked before pterostigma (in ¢exanus quite a number are
forked). :

Q.—Similar to the <j‘, but stouter and darker, the wings averaging
broader, the markings somewhat heavier, the antenne more clavate. Tip
of abdomen spinous, partly pale.

Length, © 33, 2 27; alar expanse, -j' 48, 9 543 greatest width of ante-
rior wing, J 5.2; 2 6.8; antenna,.f''6.5, 2 6 mm.

284 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

Phoenix, April 18 to September 6 (Kunze: 2 3385 29);
Wickenburg, May 18 (Kunze: 1 Q).

Type.—No. 6889,.U. S. National Museum.

This species has the wing markings of B. carrizonus and in
the markings. of head and thorax suggests B. ferox.

‘Brachynemurus singularis, n. sp.

3'.—Very similar to B. guadripuuctatus but more slender and with the
following differences : inter-antennal mark not divided by a transverse lute-
ous stripe between the antenne but with a small luteous spot in place of
it. Vertex with two transverse stripes in front which are broadly inter-
rupted in the middle; an indication of the posterior row of four dots, but
_ only the middle pair are plain. Thoracic markings similar but with two
widely separated dots on*hind margin of posterior mesothoracic lobe. .
Appendages like those of B. carrtzounus.

Length 34, alar expanse 46.6, greatest width of anterior wing 5.5 mm.,
antenna (lacking).

Phoenix, October 28 (Kunze: 1 ¢).

Type.— No. 6890, U. S. National Museum.

It was for a long time a problem where to place this specimen.
The identity of the appendages with those of B. carrizonus nat-
urally suggested that it might be a variety of that species. But
the great differences in the markings and the many resemblances
to B. guadripunctatus seemed to forbid this solution of the dif-
ficulty, and it appears more logical to consider it distinct from
either species.

MARCH 12, 1903.

The 176th regular meeting was held at the residence of Dr.
LL. O. Howard, 2026 Hillyer Place, N.W. Vice-President Banks
occupied the chair, and Messrs. Ashmead, Barber, Busck, Cur-
rie, Dyar, Gill, Hopkins, Howard, Kotinsky, Marlatt, Pollard,
Quaintance, Simpson, and Warner, members, and Dr. W. J.
Holland and Messrs. H. E. Burke and J. L. Webb, visitors,
were also present.

Mr. W. D. Kearfott, 114 Liberty street, New York city, was
elected a corresponding member, and Messrs. H. E. Burke and
J. L. Webb, of the Bureau of Forestry, Us 5. Department of
Agriculture, active members.

Mr. Busck announced that some of the members of the Society
had planned to go on an entomological field excursion to Bladens-
burg, Maryland, on March 26, and extended a general invitation
to the other members to join them.

—Mr. Ashmead exhibited two species of wasps from Trong,

OF WASHINGTON. © 285

Lower Siam, collected by Dr. W. L. Abbott. The first of these
was Vespa doryloédes Saussure, a curious species bearing a super-
ficial resemblance to male ants of the genus Dorylus.as well as
to species of the genera Zcéton and Ladbidus. They repre-
sent a distinct genus for which Mr. Ashmead proposed the name
Provespa. The other species was.a single specimen belonging
to the genus Ischnogaster. This genus is found only in the
tropics, and is most numerously represented in India. The spe-
cies of the genus have, until: recently, been classified with the
social wasps /Po/zstes and Vespa, but in reality belong in the
family Eumenide. Although the Eumenide belong with the
solitary wasps, yet some Indian species of Aumenes, as well as
certain species of ‘Jschnogaster, are said to be social.

—Mr. Ashmead showed also a specimen of the large wasp,
Vespa mandarina Smith, from Japan. It belongs in the genus
Vespula Thomson.

-—Dr. Dyar presented the following note for publication :

NOTE ON CRAMBUS OFFECTALIS HULST AND ALLIED
FORMS.

(Evetria neomexicana, n. sp.)
By Harrison G. Dyar.

Hulst described ‘+ Crambus offectalts” in 1886, saying it
‘*¢ Takes a place best in the exczccatus group.” The species is,
however, really a Jortricid, and was rescued from its erroneous
position by Prof. Fernald, who placed it in Pedisca (¥ with
costal fold) in Smith’s list of 1891. Since then Prof. Fernald
has obviously received males, since in Bulletin 52, U. S. National
Museum, he removes it to Thiodia (Semasia), which has no
costal fold i in the’male, and he makes ducephaloédes Walsingham
a synonym of it. Prof. Fernald has kindly identified a specimen
of 7. offectalzs for me, and I have six others, all collected in Col-
orado. ‘This identification is, I believe, correct, for Hulst’s
description applies to my specimens. ‘The species has a structu-
ral peculiarity in that vein 4 of hind wings is coincident with 3,
appearing absent. The same structure appears in odditerana
Wals., and, according to Walsinghem,* in elongana Wals. and
in the European pupzl/ana Linn. and wimmerana Treit. I think
that these species ought to be separated generically from, 7hzodia
on this character, but I am not prepared to say what generic name
should be used. Now, ducephaloides Wals. does not look to me
anything like offectalis Hulst ; besides which it has veins 3 and 4

* Ill. Lep. Het. Brit. Mus., tv, p. 56, 1879.

286 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

of hind wings stalked, not coincident.* Therefore the synonymy
given in Bulletin 52 must be erroneous. |

Lately Cockerell described} a Tortricid larva injuring pine in
New Mexico, and identified the adult as Semasza offectadis Hulst,
on Prof. Fernald’s authority. Ido not know the conditions affect-
‘ing this determination, but it is certainly erroneous as applied to
the species about which Prof. Cockerell intended to write. Prof.
Cockerell has just sent me a specimen with a pupa skin accom-
panying it, and labelled ‘*‘ Las Vegas, N. M. (Ckll.) Semasza
offectalis (Hulst).” It is certainly not the species so named for
‘me by Prof. Fernald, but appears to bea true Reténia (Zvetria).
‘| would describe it as follows:

‘Evetria neomexicana, n. sp.
- Head ocherous on vertex mixed with rust red. Thorax dark gray, the
patagia in front dark brown. Wings much elongated, the outer margin
more oblique than usual, Dark gray, blackish and cinereous scales mixed,
the dark strige forming irregular transverse bars. Outer third of wing
on costal half, extending to outer half on inner portion below cell light
ocherous, pinkish tinged, dark red brown on outer margin; a black dash
from end of cell to middle of termen, with a trace of another above it out
wardly; costal edge gray with pale dashes. Fringe dark gray, paler a
base, dark red at apex. Hind wings gray, fringe concolorous, faintly in-
terlined at base and outwardly with darker. Expanse, 24 mm.

One male, Las Vegas, New Mexico (Cockerell).

Ty pe.—No. 6802, U. S..National Museum.

Resembles in pattern of coloration Zhiodia bucephaloides
Wals. and Lucosma (?) edemotdana Dyar.

‘—Mr. Barber read the following letter, written from Cuba, by

Mr. Schwarz:
A LETTER FROM CUBA.
Cayamas, Cusa, MJarch 3, 1903.

During a brief stay at Havana I looked over the Gundlach
collection, which is now preserved in a large room in the Second
High School building on Obispo street. The collection illus-
trates the whole domain of zoology of Cuba, including the birds
and some insects of Porto Rico. It isin excellent state of preser-
vation, but the smaller species of insects cannot be examined
closely because they are in rather high and hermetically sealed
glass boxes. The collection does not contain any types, but is
manifestly of considerable value to the student of Cuban ento-
mology.

On February toth I set out for my destination, but not being

| * See Walsingham’s figure, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., Pl. xtr, fig. 17.
t Ent. News, xu, p. 317, 1901.

OF WASHINGTON. 287

acquainted with the exact location of Cayamas I had of course
some trouble in getting there. However, after spending an entire
day on the railroad and changing cars twice,I finally reached
Campifias, from which place a two hours’ ride in a Cuban volanta
brought me and my baggage safely to Cayamas, where I was most
hospitably received by Mr. Eduardo Ferrer.

Cayamas is in the southwestern part of the province of Santa
Clara, about 5 miles northwest of Yaguaramas, and only about 8
miles distant from the south coast. The country hereabout is
almost flat, or rather very gently rolling, the more elevated parts
being dry and rather sandy, the soil of the lower portions con-
sisting of a red loam.

This being the dry season here, which corresponds with our
northern winter, flora and insect fauna are more or less dormant
in spite of the warm weather, and vegetables can only be raised
by means of constant irrigation. Hardly any flowers are to be
seen anywhere; a few common looking. butterflies are flying
about; also three or four species of dragon flies; a large Anthrax
and a large syrphid fly are common enough on the paths; mos-
quitoes and Hippelates flies are locally quite abundant, but other
Diptera are not obvious at this season. Hymenoptera are still
scarcer ; a gigantic Scoliid and a jet black carpenter bee are fly-
ing about, and the few flowers are visited by a multitude of wild
honey bees.

There are only two small fields of cultivated cotton here be-
sides a number of scattered wild cotton plants, all of which have
been examined by me with great care. About the original food
plant of Azthonomus grandis I have reported my observations
to Dr. Howard. The few other species of insects that can be
found feeding on cotton have but little economic importance ex-
cept the cotton stainer, Dysdercus suturellus, and the ‘‘ d¢bz7a-
gua” (Atta cephalotes).

In my search for any other possible food plant of Axthonomus
grandis | have of course examined every malvaceous plant I
could discover, and I am also vigorously using my beating net
and umbrella in the hope of finding this weevil upon some other
plant. In doing so lam gradually accumulating quite a collec-
tion of the insects that can be found here at this early season,
mostly Coleoptera. The dry sandy ridges are partly covered
with dense tall grass, which is now dead, and-which furnishes but
a few species of insects, and partly with a sort of dry hammock
resembling in general appearance the dry palmetto hammocks of
central Florida, and having also a very scant insect fauna at this
season.

The loamy lowlands of this region were originally covered
with one mighty forest, but this has long since disappeared and
is now replaced by monotonous sugar-cane fields. The insect
fauna within these fields and along their edges is also monoto-

288 ENTOMOLUGICAL SOCIETY

nous and not rich in ‘species. ‘In many places the soil has become
completely exhausted by constant cultivation of the sugar-cane,
and the fields are now overgrown by a perfect wilderness of tall
weeds. One of these,'a gigantic Solanum, has a little insect
fauna of its own, which is of interest because the same species
(Anthonomus varipes, Baridius 4-maculatus, Epitrix parvula,
a ‘sphinx larva and an aphis, with its attending Coccinellids) are
tobe found on the cultivated egg-plant.

A few hundred yards distant from the ‘settlement is the ely
remnant of what was once an extended tropical forest—about 50
acres being still covered with mighty trees, of which I recognize
only a few species. ‘There is a delightfully dense undergrowth
of smaller bushes and vines, so that locomotion is quite difficult.
At the frst sight this timberland seems to be occupied by only
a few species “of insects, viz., Autermes morto, two species of
Pseudomyrma (P. pallida and another brown species), and two
species of mosquitoes. However, a little more careful investiga-
tion reveals an astonishing richness of insect life, chiefly Cole-
optera. On the living vegetation very little can be seen: a few
Chrysomelide, chiefly Halticids; a few Elateride, a Lampyrid,
some Curculionids, a peculiar genus of Aleocharide, etc. ; but
on or in the dead vines and branches insects of all sorts: abound
in specimens and species, so that I cannot possibly enumerate
them here. Among the Coleoptera the most characteristic forms
are as follows: numerous species of Cryptorhynchid Rhyncho-
phora of the genera Acalles, Cryptorhynchus, Pseudomus, etc. ;
numerous species of Anthribide, a host of small Lamiid Ceram-
bycide of the genera Leptostylus, Lepturges, Hyperplatys, etc.
abundance of species and specimens of Elaphidion, a host of
little Clavicorn beetles of various families, and finally a good
number of small Heteromerous species.

As a whole I find the Coleopterous fauna here more different
from that of semi-tropical Florida than I expected, but among
the species common to both countries I notice several the occur-
rence of which in Cuba has not yet been recorded, e. g., Hustz-
bus princeps, Monedus guttiatus, Aspathines ovatus and
Euxenus piceus.

A good-sized creek meanders through this forest, but its bed

is now dry as tinder, and the hygrophilous insect fauna has
retired into cracks in the soil. I noticed, however, that at sunset
at least a portion of this fauna comes out of the ground to enjoy
flying about, and by spreading a white cloth many, mostly very
thinute, species can thus be found. Others come to light later in
the evening.
A couple of miles farther out is another creek which contains
a few water holes with a rather uninteresting insect fauna con-
sisting of a few Dytiscids and Hydrophilids, with many Clivina,
Falagria, Trogophleus, etc., running about on the wet ground.

OF WASHINGTON, ~ | 289

_ They use acetylene gas in the dwelling house, and a number of
Noctuids and Microlepidoptera, all species differing from those
known to me from Florida, are attracted by the light; also large
and small Blattide and quite a number of Coleoptera, which I
fail to find during daytime, the most interesting of them being a
Dacoderus, which may be different from: the species described
by Dr. Horn from Santo Domingo.

| E. A. SCHWARZ.

Dr. Howard said that Mr. Schwarz had found what may prove
to be the original food plant of the Cotton- boll Weevil aba
omus grandis Boheman), namely, the wild ‘‘ kidney cotton’
(Gossypium brasiliense?). |

—Dr. Hopkins read extracts from two letters from Mr. D.
Cappelen, ‘Sandviken, Hovin P. O., Thelemarken, Norway,
concerning a recent destructive puutbeen of the *‘ Pine. Bombyx”
(Dendrolimus pint Linnaeus). Since the outbreak of 1812 to
1816, the writer.states, this moth has not occurred in: sufficient
numbers to cause serious damage, but last year one area of 1,000
acres of redwood forest (Péxus sylvatica) was destroyed, as well
as other areas of from 50 to roo acres, while some 25,000 acres
were infested with larve, and their destruction threatened the
coming season. The area of infestation was practically the same
as in 1812—to the east and northeast of Lake Mjésen. The cor-
respondent stated also that at the time his first letter was written
(October 22. 1902), the larvee were to be found under the rein-
deer moss ( Cladonia rhangiferia), which was covered with
three inches of.snow. They seemed to be healthy specimens'and
practically free from fungus diseases. Mr. Cappelen was in-
clined to attribute the enormous increase of the moth to the past
three or four very dry seasons. He hoped that steps would be
taken to test the value of different parasitic fungi, such as the
muscardine ( Cordyceps militaris) and Cordyceps melolonthe,
in fighting the pest. The remedy most in vogue in preventing
the spread of the larve was-to apply a belt of German glue to the
trunks of the trees. Dr.. Hopkins thought that it would: be well
to guard against a possible intr oduction of the bombyx into North
America.

Dr. Howard asked Dr. Hopkins what theory was put forth to
explain why there had been no outbreak between 1812 and the
present time in that locality. Dr. Hopkins replied that in 1812

290 . ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

the outbreak followed a series of dry seasons, as was the case now.
He thought that such a series of dry seasons was necessary for so
extraordinary an increase of the species, and that there had prob-
ably been no such conditions prevailing during the interval be-
tween the two outbreaks. When the season was dry the larve
were much more free from fungi, of course.

Dr. Howard stated that the Norwegian officials had sent to the
Division of Entomology, U. S. Department of Agriculture, for
the locust Sporotrichum, as they wished to see if it could be used
against the pine bombyx.

—Dr. Dyar reported some early dates for the hatching of mos-
quito eggs. Eggs of Culex canadensis, laid at Center Harbor,
New Hampshire, last August, and kept by him over winter at
Washington, had hatched on the 9th of March. Mr. J. Turner
Brakeley, at Lahaway, New Jersey, had found larve of the same
species, under the ice, some time in February.

—Speaking of mosquitoes, Mr. Banks reported that he had
taken Alegarhinus portoricensis at Washington last August, and
Mr. Kotinsky reported having collected JZ. rut¢zlus along Rock
Creek, in the District of Columbia, during the past summer.

—Mr. Banks exhibited a nest of the purse-web spider (Atypus
abboti Hentz) which he had found at Falls Church. The species
is rare here, though known as far north as Massachusetts.

—Upon invitation, Dr. Holland gave an account of the insect
collections in the Carnegie Museum in Pittsburg, and told of the
work which was being done there and of that which was contem-
plated. In reply to a query he stated that the ‘* Moth Book”
which he was preparing would be published soon, and would
contain illustrations of 1,800 different moths. |

—Dr. Dyar then presented the following paper :

NEW NORTH AMERICAN LEPIDOPTERA WITH NOTES ON
LARV&.

By Harrison G. Dyar.

In Bulletin 52, U. S. National Museum, a few new forms were
briefly characterized. It is proposed to give fuller descriptions
of them here, together with certain notes that seem worthy of
record.

Parnassius clodius Ménétries.
Variety altaurus, n. var.

OF WASHINGTON, 291

Resembles typical clod:us, except that the two colored spots on the hind
wings are centered with pale ocher yellow instead of red.

Six examples of both sexes, Alturas Lake, near Saw-tooth Mt.,
Idaho, 7,000-9,000 feet, July 26, 1896 (T. B. Ever ary 3

Type.—No. 6769, U. S. National Museum.

Lepisesia vega, n. sp.

Grayish green, the type being faded the green color is largely lost.
Fore wing with a distinct basal dark green band, limited outwardly by a
pale line, as distinct as the median band and not present in any other
Lepisesta. Median band more upright than in gauwre and juanita, wider
on the costa and enclosing the discal dot as usual; a well marked apical
green triangle, fading out on costal edge anda small triangle on inner
margin just before the angle. Hind wing red, diluted yellowish beyond
middle; marginal band black, not broad. Size and general appearance of
juantta. Expanse, 55 mm.

One male, Las Vegas Hot Springs, New Mesieo: August 12,
1901 (Schwarz and Barber). .

Ty pe.—No. 6770, U. S. National Museum.

Calidota zella, n. sp.

Head and thorax dark brown, pink scales at posterior edge of vertex and
on patagia within. Abdomen pinkish red above, a dorsal series of small
brown dots; a lateral brown band incised above; venter grayish white.
Legs gray; anterior coxe pink on the sides. Fore wing gray-brown, a
little shining; a triangular discal dot, pale yellow; hind wing whitish,
translucent. Expanse, 26 min.

Two males, Hot Springs, Arizona, June 26 and 27 (Schwarz
and Barber).

Type.—No. 6116, U. S. National Museum.

Schinia marginata Haworth.

Larve from Mr. O. Seifert, Long Island, New York.

Head rounded bilobed, free, erect; clypeus moderate, whitish on face,
the sutures dark, lobes heavily reticulate in brown. Body normal, tuber-.
cle iv well above the spiracle on the posterior segments; feet equal. Dor-
sum nearly all brown from broad, obscurely double, dorsal, subdorsal,
lateral and suprastigmatal bands, mottled with pale and separated by nar-
row pale spaces. A broad white stigmatal band, enclosing the black
rimmed spiracles. . Subventer faintly brown mottled; venter and feet pale.
Setz pale; tubercles moderate, the dorsal ones somewhat distinctly pro-
duced, brown ringed.

Food plant, Amérosia artemisiefolza.*

Hypsoropha monilis Fabricius.
Larve from Mr. O. Seifert, Island Grove, Florida.

Head small in proportion, rounded bilobed, erect; pale at the sides, a

* Seifert, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., x, p. 175, 1902.

ee

OE ew

292. ENTOMOLUGICAL SOCIETY

large black spot on the face of each lobe just below apex and a smaller

one below it on lateral angle. Body smooth, robust, normal; feet equal;
segments coarsely annulate. Tubercle iv on joint 10 at the middle of the
spiracle, on 11 nearly in line with v, on 12 below the middle of the spiracle.
Dark sordid brown, sparsely dotted with white. The dots are mostly
segregated in an irregular addorsal line and about a broad diffuse yel-
lowish white subdorsal band and in the position of the obsolete substig-
matal band Spiracles black; tubercles small, the dorsal ones white.

On persimmon (Déospyros virginiana), feeding at night,
concealed on the ground by day.

Lepipolys perscripta Guenée.

Larve from Mr. O. Seifert, Island Grove, Florida.

Head rounded, oblique, not retracted; white, thickly dotted with angu-
lar black spots and streaks. Body cylindrical, even, normal; feet equal ;
tubercle iv at the top of the spiracle on posterior segments (joints 8 to
10). Olivaceous brown, tubercles black in large round brown plates. A
series of conspicuous round dorsal white spots, two on each segment of
the abdomen, the anterior one shorter and broader than the posterior one;
on thorax divided into four spots, the third spot incised by tubercle ia and
partly divided on the dorsal line. A large white square in place of the
cervical shield containing four black tubercles. Anal shield white with
black tubercles and dots. Stigmatal band broad, white, occasionally in-
cised with brown at the annulet folds, containing tubercles iii and iv and
the small. black spiracle. Tubercles v and vi white ringed outside the
large brown plates. Leg shields white with two black spots. Venter
pale, but not white. Thoracic feet white, spotted with black tubercles.

Feeds on Linaria canadcusts (Seifert).

Plusiodonta compressipalpis Guenée.

Larve from Mr. A. Hyatt Verrill, New Haven, Couneckeut

Egg. Shape of two-thirds of a sphere, base flattened; pale yellow, not
shining, smooth, very obscurely roundedly reticulate, the reticulations
arranged in vertical rows with the ribs a trace more distinct; finely retic.
ulate at the vertex. The whole sculpturing is very faint, shadowy, resem-
bling markings rather than definite raised work. Diameter, .6 mm.

Stage I. Head small, rounded bilobed, cordate, pointed bluntly at the
mouth, erect; white, eye black, mouth brown; width, .3 mm. Body
cylindrical, normal, joint 12 a trace enlarged, 13 ¢ abruptly rounded ; feet
of joints 7 and 8 entirely absent. Translucent whitish, food green; tuber-
cles and setz small, black, distinct, normal, vi absent; no shields what-
ever; feet pale like the body. Tubercles ia to iib of thorax separate; iii
and v absent. :

Stage II. Head rounded, slightly bilobed, median suture depressed,’
obliquely erect; not shining, pale greenish yellow, eye black, mouth
brown; width,.5 mm. Body slender, elongate, feet absent on joints 7 and
8; segments obscurely annulate. Pale greenish, green from the food;

OF WASHINGTON, . 293

slightly shining,smooth. A round, black, lateral spot on segments 4 to 8.
Tubercles and shields obsolete.

Stage I1I. Head .75 mm. Whitish,-not shining, green tinted. Body
slender, green, whitish subventrally, not shining; a broad smoky lateral
shade, containing in its lower part round segmentary black spots on
joints 4 tog. No shields nor tubercles.

Stage IV. As in the previous stage, ercens with black lateral line and
spots. Width of head, 1.3 mm.

Stage V. Width of head, 1.9mm. As previously described by me.*

Graphiphora oviducta Guenée. |

The larva closely resembles that of G. 7ufula Grote,t but is darker, and
the light patch on the cervical shield occupies only the posterior third,
instead of two-thirds. :

Egg. Spherical, the base scarcely flattened, slightly higher than wide.
Waxy white; about 48 ribs, diminishing somewhat at the ends, mostly by
becoming confluent in pairs at the terminal third, stopping at the micro-
pyle, which is slightly depressed. Ribs low, closely beaded; no cross
strie. Shape a little irregular, the basal end often, considerably obliquely
flattened by the pressure of deposition. Diameter, .6 mm.

Stage I. Head .3 mm, slightly bilobed, shining, with cervical shield
black. Body robust, large, rather sharply rounded posteriorly, joint 12
slightly bulbous; a small black anal plate. Body transparent, green from
the food, faintly shaded with brown, more so posteriorly, the anterior end
being slightly attenuated and greener. Tubercles very small, black,
rounded, invisible to a low-power lens except on joint 12. Setz small,
obscure. Feet normal, short, the thoracic ones faintly blackish.

Stage JJ. Head .4 mm., rounded, shining black. Body Noctuiform,
12 slightly enlarged, all darkly blackish shaded. Shields and large
tubercles black; sete distinct, pale at tips.

Stage I77. Head .6 mm., with shields and tubercles shining black.
Body darkly sordid, with a greenish tint, brown shaded across the centers
of the segments; short and robust; feet normal. Setz distinct, blackish,
tubercles large. There are traces of a broken whitish dorsal line, most
distinct intersegmentally ; joint 12 slightly enlarged, its tubercles i and ii
in a square.

Stage IV. Head 1 mm., dark brown, shining, the apex under joint 25
cervical and anal plates black, the shield quadrate, with a pale transverse
bar on the posterior edge. Body shagreened, dull black, greenish over the
thorax, and palersubventrally; joint 12 slightly enlarged, with a subdorsal
wedge-shaped dilution, the point directed posteriorly. Tubercles large,
blackish or black; sete coarse and distinct; iv is larger than the black
spiracle, the seta situated above its middle. Faint traces of a wavy sub-
dorsal line continuing the dilution of joint 12. |

2

__* Proc. Ent. Soc.’ Wash., Iv, p. 326, ‘iBoda
+ Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., Iv,.p. 323. 1899.

294 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

Stage V. Head 1.3 mm., rounded, the apex in joint 2, shining brown-
black, sutures and sides diluted in pale luteous. Cervical shield shining
brown-black, uncut by any longitudinal line, but with a broad, pale lute-
ous bar transversely on the posterior rim. Anal plate large, pale cen-
trally, mottled with dusky, black at the lateral margins.. Dorsal area
* edged by a rather broad, diffuse, pale pinkish band, scalloped: outwardly
at tubercle ii, inwardly at the incisure, broadest on joint 12 on the slight
hump. Color dark gray-brown, not shining,.the skin wrinkled sha-
greened. Color uniform in the dorsal space, elsewhere mottled and
dotted in paler, yet the pale subdorsals seem the edges of a broad pale
dorsal space, not yet defined. Tubercles large, black, polished, but
wrinkly, flat; tubercle iv above the center of the spiracle. Sete dark,

rather stiff.

- Stage Vf. Head 2.5 mm., dark, shining, faintly obscurely dark reticu-
late on a luteous ground, areas about tubercles iand ii pale; sete pale;
stiff. Cervical shield black, the posterior third pinkish luteous, slightly
mottled, contrasted; a faint bisecting line. Body slightly flattened, joint
12 scarcely enlarged. Dorsal space broadly pale, pinkish white, sordid
mottled and streaked’ in purplish ‘brown, a darker central shade. ‘The
space is widened on the segments where it becomes faintly ocherous.
Sides purple brown, mottled and dottedin whitish. Subventer and venter
sordid olivaceous. Anal plate broadly pinkish, black on the lateral edges.
Tubercles large, black, polished, iv above the middle of the spiracle.
Spiracles black; feet normal, short; foot plates black, small, anteriorly
situated.

Larve from Center Harbor, New Hampshire. They fed on
various low weeds, and hid persistently under rubbish.

Stretchia mys, n. sp. :

Thorax with a sharp anterior carinate crest, with fore wings rich red-
dish purple, uniform, very slightly hoary sprinkled, and with traces of
small, pale dots on the veins in the position of the transverse posterior
line. No markings whatever. Outer margin scarcely crenulate, bent at
vein 3. Hind wings whitish, strongly tinted with dull rosy, darkest
along the outer margin and fringe. Abdomen dull reddish. Below the
body is bright reddish, the wings pale, tinged with rosy about the margins.
Expanse, 35 mm. 3

One male, Sonoma Co., California (A. Koebele, No. 587).

Type.—No. 6773, U.S. National Museum.

Perigonica tertia, n. sp. :

Male antenne strongly pectinated, Thorax and fore wings light ocher-
ous clay color, marked like the most pronounced examples of P. angulata
Smith. Subbasal,t.a. and t. p. lines double, blackish, crenulate, more or
less broken and dotted; orbicular and reniform blackish filled, pale edged
and faintly again with blackish; subterminal line light, edged within with
a dark shade, twice bent, not very distinct; a terminal row of dots. Gen-

OF WASHINGTON, 295

eral surface of wing sprinkled with dark atoms. Hind wings pale. Ex-
panse, 37 mm.

Two males, one female. California (No. 5668, collection J. B.
Smith, but apparently from Hy. Edwards’ collection), Portland,
Oregon, April 23 and May 11, 1892 (Dyar).

Type. —No. 6790, U. S. National Museum. The: California
specimen bears also the type No. 249, being recorded as one of
the types of fulminans, on the strength of a label “ Perigonica
Sulminans Smith, type,” in Smith’s handwriting. Nevertheless,
this is an error, since the only type locality given is Colorado.*

Homopyralis monodia, n. sp.

Ground color uniform blackish, slightly violaceous, without the ocher-
ous dilutions of the other species of the genus. Ordinary spots black, illy
contrasted, a dash of the same color beyond the cell. Lines fine, black,
narrowly edged with white scales, appearing broken and powdery, finely
dentate, consisting of subbasal, t. a., t. p. and subterminal lines, the t. a.
and t. p. rather remote. Hind wings similar, less distinctly marked, a
double white bar resting on anal angle as in the other species. Expanse,
21 to 23 mm.

‘© 20 10 82” (collection, J. B. Smith); ‘421 10 82” (collec-
tion, C. V. Riley): Rosslyn, Virginia (A. N..Caudell) ; para
nut Grove, Florida (E. A. Schwarz).

Type.—No. 6791, U. S. National Museum.

Mr. Caudell has prepared a larva from Rosslyn, Va., found
‘under a log,” July 22, 1899. Moth issued August £4, 1899.

Larva. Head rounded, slightly bilobed, flattened before, erect; anten-
nz rather large, pale, mouth prominent; brown, not shining, with small
pale yellowish flecks, a larger pair of these on the face of the lobes above
clypeus and another below, indicating a transverse band. Body cylindri-
cal, moderately slender, feet of joints 7 and Sabsent. Tubercles produced,
the dorsal ones, more especially ii, papillose; tubercle iv abdve the center
of the spiracle. Dark brown with many longitudinal lines, irregularly
geminate and ccnfluent, dotted, so as to forma coarse reticulum; spiracles
in a small deep black area; venter diffusely pale; a row of sma!l dorsal
black spots in the intervals of the gemination of the dorsal line. Tuber-
cle i marked with black before and behind, the other tubercles yellowish
white. Shields reduced, lumpy tubercular, the cervical shield blackish.
Setz large and coarse, blackish. Thoracic feet pale, shaded with smoky
brown.

Platythyris oculatana Clemens.
Larve from Mr. Henry Engel, Pittsburg, Bennerlvanie.
Larva. Head rounded, circular, disk shaped, not bilobed; clypeus ex-
tremely narrow, only a little broader at base than near vertex, upper third
enlarged angularly by a projection of the paraclypeal pieces, the clypeus

*Ent. Amer., VI, p. 125, 1890.

296 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

itself very narrowly high triangular, yet not reaching over two-thirds to
the vertex; antenne rudimentary, mouth small, yet with well developed
spinneret; shining black, outer sutures of paraclypeus and median suture
orange; antennal bases white; width 2.5 mm. Body cylindrical, robust,
tapering only at the extreme ends, joint 12 a little enlarged dorsally.
Feet normal, all short, the abdominal ones almost sessile, the crochets in
a complete circle. Skin smooth, subtranslucent orange colored, joint 2
appearing unmarked, Cervical shield large, not well cornified, dark
orange, narrowly bisected dorsally, complete; prespiracular and subven-
tral tubercles of joint 2 orange, a little black shaded. Dorsal tubercles i
to iii large, convex, smooth with the edges radially striate, shining black;
anal plate black; subventral tubercles orange. On the thorax tubercles ia
+ ib, iia + iib, iv + v;asmall black shield on joint 3 dorsally posteriorly,
narrowly divided on dorsal line. On abdomen tubercle i well dorsad to
ii, iv + v ona single round tubercle, vi normal, vii represented by three
hairs on the leg base in a triangle.

Lives in a rolled-up leaf on Aupatorium ageratotdes. This
larva, the first larva of the family Thyrididz to come to my notice,
shows that family to be correctly referred to the Tineoidea, near
the Pyralidz.

Platyptilia marmarodactyla, n. sp.

Stone gray, with a bright pinkish ochraceous mark at base of first
feather. Fore wing gray. shading to reddish along inner margin, with
irregular tufts of black scales along the edge; a rounded triangular, pink-
ish ocherous patch, resting on the fissure at basé of first feather and nar-
rowly touching costa, preceded by a transverse black:bar before the fissure ;
a subterminal white line on both feathers. Hind wing gray. with an
irregular row of spathulate scales on the margin of third feather. Ex-
panse, 15.5 to 17 mm.

Seven specimens: Los Angeles Co., California, April (A.
Koebele) ; Las Vegas Hot Springs, New Mexico, August 8, 15
and 18 (Schwarz and vcaband’ Santa Rita Mountains, Arizona
(E. A. Schwarz).

Type.—No. 6792, U. S. National Museum.

The three Californian specimens have been submitted to Lord
Walsingham in 1887, and to Prof. Fernald at a later date. The
former endorsed them ‘*‘ Amdlyptilia, near cosmodactyla Hiibn.,”
and the latter ‘‘I do not feel prepared to separate this from ?.
cosmodactyla H.” I think, however, that the species is distinct
from cosmodactyla.

CEnectra puritana Robinson.
Larve collected by Dyar and Caudell at Golden, Colorado.
We sent a mass of leaves webbed by Tortricid larve from
Colorado to Washington, D. C., where they were cared for by
Mr. Busck. The plant was Pulsatilla hirsutissima, and the

OF WASHINGTON, 297

larvee were thought to be of one species. But three kinds
emerged in Mr. Busck’s hands, the present species, Lophoderus
coloradana Fernald* and the following species. I therefore con-
tent myself with the record of the food plant.

Eucosma pulsatillana, n. sp.

Near ¢mprobana Walker and radicana Walsingham and the gray form
of nzsella Clerck. Fore wings moderately elongate, costa strongly arched ;
gray, irrorate with black. Basal space broadly dark as in n7sel/a, the out-
wardly limiting line bowed outward a little at the middle, slightly oblique,
so that the space is broader on internal margin than on costa, coarsely
irrorate with black. A dark gray bar, limited by irregular black scales,
starts from the middle of the cos‘a and bends outward to the middle of the
disk, narrowly, but sharply and squarely separated from a similar short,
curved bar arising from the anal angle; a dark costal dash throws a waved,
irregular line obliquely to above anal angle; three costal dashes beyond
this, the outermost largest and reaching opposite the middle of margin;
a terminal black band, wide centrally; fringe gray, irrorate in black. In
some specimens the lower part of the basal space and the bar at the anal
angle are shaded with ocherous. Hind wing light silky grayish. Ex-
panse, 15 to 17 mm.

Twenty males and eight females bred from larve found web-
bing the leaves of Pulsatzlla hirsutissima high on the foothills
at Boulder and Golden, Colorado.
| Type.—No. 6768, U. S. National Museum.

Eucosma cercocarpana, n. sp.

Veins 3 to 5 of fore wings are converged toward a marginal incision.
The wings are elongate and narrow, costa convex, inner margin concave
before the anal angle. Markings closely as in ¢wprobana Walker, but the
median band is more oblique and there is a dark marking subapically.

Dark gray, the lighter parts of fore wings with shining, slightly raised
scales. A large dark basal space, sharply limited outwardly and with a
central angle, is irrorate with black scales on a dull olivaceous brown
ground. Beyond the ground is cinereous, irrorated with olivaceous. An
oblique bar from near basal third of costa to before anal angle is cut bya
longitudinal black dash which causes a projection on each side, the inner
one nearly or quite touching the projection of the basal patch; another
projection from the bar on its outer side near inner margin extends nearly
perpendicularly upward. Beyond and above the black bar is a second
less evident one, situated in the upper part of an olive brown cloud sub-
apically. A small black apical dash with olivaceous brown below on
fringe. A row of small, oblique, costal bars. Fringe dark gray on lower
two-thirds of termen. Hind wing brownish gray, darker outwardly.
Expanse, 15 to 18 mm.

* See Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xxv, p. 402, 1902, for note on larva.

298 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

Three males, one female, Platte Canyon, Colorado, bred from
larve on Cercocarpus parvifolius, where they occurred in small
proportion mixed with thedominant Zeras foliana bibricasgciasinn
The larve were not differentiated.

Type.—No. 6771, U.S. National Museum.

Mieza psammitis Zeller.

Larve from Mr. A.N. Candell, Victoria, Texas.

Larva. Head rounded bilobed, clypeus broad, rather high; pale testa-
ceous, clypeus brownish with brown sutures and a white streak on each
side; retracted in joint 2, which in turn is partly retracted in joint 3.
Body a little narrowed at the ends, robust, flattened, shaped much as in the
Cochlidiide, but less elliptical; feet normal, weak, the planta with a single
row of small tufted crochets. A round, eversible area just below the
spiracle on joints 5 to 12 projects prominently in the inflated specimens.
Pale green, with longitudinal yellowish white lines, obsolete on the an-
terior retracted segments. They are addorsal (i), two subdorsal, the
upper (ii) broadest, lateral, suprastigmatal, broken into spots, two sub-
ventral, enclosing the eversible area, the lower one much broken, and
scattered dots indicating two more lines above the feet. Feet all pale;
spiracles small, circular, brown ringed. Tubercles small and obscure,
with single sete; i nearly directly dorsad to ii, whitish, slightly elevated,
iii close to the spiracle and above it, iv and v below the eversible area,
separate, iv dorsad to v by the diameter of a tubercle, vi subventral bas-
aily, vii on the leg base; no secondary sete apparent. Skin finely .
granular shagreened.

Cocoon elliptical, brown, rather hard, much as in Meza tgninix
Walker.

Lives on Bumelia lanuginosa.*

—Mr. Currie read the following paper :

THE ODONATA COLLECTED BY MESSRS. SCHWARZ AND
BARBER IN ARIZONA AND NEW MEXICO,

By Roria P. Currie.

A list of the dragonflies collected in Arizona and New Mexico
during the summer of 1901 by Messrs. E. A. Schwarz and H.S.
Barber is of*sufficient interest to merit publication. Collecting
operations extended from the last week in May till the middle of
August, and 172 specimens were secured, representing 24 species
and two varieties. Of this number one species, an /schvura, is
here described as new and named in honor of Mr. Barber who

*Proc, Ent. Soc. Wash., v, p. 127, 1903; compare Journ. N. Y. Ent.
Soc., Iv, p. 87, 1896.

OF WASHINGTON. 299

devoted special attention to securing these insects. It may be
well, by way of introduction, to give a brief account of the
localities visited, as Mr. Schwarz and Mr. Barber have described
them to me.

The last week in May and the first two weeks in June were
spent at Williams, as well as the last of June and several days ©
in July before and after visiting the Grand Canyon. Here a
small stream flowing down from Bill Williams Mountain had
been dammed in several places to furnish water for the saw-mill ;
thus a number of good sized ponds or small lakes had been made,
and along the shores of these, and of another pond on a small
stream about a quarter of a mile distant, the dragonflies were
taken. Mr. Barber tells me that these streams had dried up be-
fore he left Williams, leaving water in the ponds only. The al-
titude of Williams is about 6700 feet.

Flagstaff, with an elevation of 6,940 feet, had a permanent
supply of running water. Otherwise the country was much like
that of Williams. Here about a week was spent and Odonata
were collected along an open sewer of running water, and also
at a reservoir situated about three miles from the town.

At Ashfork the country was extremely dry everywhere and
the only water to be found was a small pond of waste from the
railway engine tank, although the dry bed of a creek indicated
that there had been water there at one time. This place has an
elevation about 1,000 feet less than that of Williams.

Hot Springs, in Yavapai County, about fifty miles north of
Phenix, proved a most interesting collecting ground, and many
new and rare species in various groups of insects were captured
here. At this place the new species of /schnura was found. In
the ‘*four tanks,” a succession of large water-filled pot-holes in
the rocks, a number of interesting dragonfly larve were obtained,
while adults of various species were flying over a small stream
fed by the hot springs. Near the hotel were several fountains of
tepid water piped from the springs, and around these all the speci-
mens of Zelebasis salva were taken, while Avgia violacea, variety
pallens, occurred along a sewer leading from the buildings. The
altitude of Hot Spring's is about 2,300 feet.

Within the Grand Canyon nearly all the specimens,were col-
lected along a spring-fed stream, about a foot anda half wide and
six inches deep, lined on either side by willows and tall, coarse
grass. The spring is situated about 4,000 feet below the brink of
the canyon and some 2,000 feet above the river. Mr. Barber
descended the canyon to this point on two successive days for the
purpose of making collections. Here, among other species, he
found the Mexican Hleterina vulnerata and Cordulegaster dia-
‘dema.

Mr. Schwarz tells me that swallows and dragonflies are the

300 ENTUMOLOGICAL SOOLETY

only winged creatures he’saw flying down into the canyon. But-
terflies and other insects, and birds other than swallows, would
turn back upon reaching the brink as if afraid to venture further.
As there is no water around the Bright Angel Hotel or anywhere
in its vicinity, and none below the brink till one comes to the
spring just mentioned, it appears that the species captured at the
brink (Areva moesta, Herpetogomphus compositus and Sympe-
trum corruptum) must have ;come up from the spring, or, in
other words, ascended from the Lower Sonoran zone to the Tran-
sition zone. It is noteworthy, however, that these are all species
which have a wide geographical distribution not confined to any
one zone; no exclusively Lower: Sonoran species was seen to
ascend to the brink of the canyon or was found above its normal
habitat. The elevation above sea level of the Bright Angel Hotel,
on the brink of the canyon, is about the same as that of Williams.

At Winslow most of the species were obtained along an irriga-
tion ditch full of clear, ‘swiftly-running water, although a few
were taken over a very muddy, stagnant branch of the Little Col-
orado river. Winslow’s elevation is very much less than that of
Williams, probably about 5,400 feet.

Las Vegas Hot Springs, New Mexico (altitude 6800 feet) was
the last locality visited. Here the first two weeks of August were
passed, collections being made along the Gallinas river, and here,
among other species, Alyponeura lugens and Argia vivida,
variety plana, occurred.

The following list includes all the adults taken. The nymphs
were submitted for study to Dr. James G. Needham. Iam in-
debted to Dr. Philip P. Calvert for obligingly going over and veri-
fying my determinations and helping me in many other ways.
The bibliographic references to the species are not given here but
may be found—for the Zygoptera, in the Odonata part of the
Biologia Centrali-Americana, and for the Anisoptera, ia Kirby’ s
*¢ Synonymic Catalogue of Neuroptera Odonata or Dragonflies.”

Hetzrina vulnerata Selys.
_ Bright Angel, Colorado Canyon, 2700 feet, July 12 (6 J/g),
July 13 (4 adult and 4 teneral 'd0, 7 ¢ 2).

Hyponeura lugens (Hagen).
Las Vegas Hot Springs, New Mexico, August 11 (1 3’), August

O11 2).

Argia moesta (Hagen).

_ Bright Angel [Hotel], July 11 (1 o), July 10 (1 2}; Bright
Angel, Colorado Canyon, 2,700 feet, July 12 (6 2 Y), July 13 (3

22); Williams, June 30(1t 2); Hot Springs, June 23 (1 &),

June 24 (1 £).

OF WASHINGTON, 301

Argia vivida Selys. .

Bright Angel, Colorado Canyon, 2,700 feet, July 12 (12 adult
and 3 teneral dc’, 1 pair in copula, 4 adult and 6 teneral 2@),
July 13 (6 adult and 1 teneral o, 4 pairs in copula, 4 adult and
5 teneral 2 2).

Argia vivida Selys, variety plana Calvert.
Las Vegas Hot Springs, New Mexico, August 3 (2 oc’), Au-
gust 9 (Io).

Argia violacea (Hagen).
Bright Angel, Colorado Canyon, 2,700 feet, July 13 (1 d', 1 2),

July 12 (1 @). }
Argia violacea (Hagen), variety pallens Calvert.

Hot eprinea [Nee 23 (1d), June 24 (6 ho, 1 2) June 25 (1
BS), June.26.(1-c)). i

Argia agrioides Calvert. |

Hot Springs, June 22 (1 adult and 1 teneral J, 1 2), June 23
(2 adult and 1 tenerald’, 3 22), June 24 (1 adult and 2 teneral
J’, t2), June 25(40'S'", 2 PY, 1 pair in copula), June 26 (2
adult and 2 teneral d'd'", 1 2), June 28 (1 2); Las Vegas Hot
Spring, New Mexico, August 7 (1 &).

Enallagma civile (Hagen).
- Williams, June 1 (1 o') ; Winslow, July 31 (1 3).

Enallagma carunculatum Morse.

Winslow, July 31 (2 d's).

One 2 from Williams, May 27, and1 @ from Winslow, July
31, are either czvzde or this species. No character has yet been
discovered for separating the 2 2 of these two Enallagmas.

Enallagma praevarum (Hagen).

Williams, June 1.(1 ot, I pair in copula), June 6 (1 6’), June
15 (30,1 2), June 30 (1 SW), July 15 (« 2); Winslow, July
31 ie 4 °°), Las Vegas Hot Springs, New Mexico, August
2(1 ¥).

Telebasis salva (Hagen).
Hot Springs, June 23 (9 dd’, 1 &).

Ischnura damula Calvert.
Flagstaff, July 4 (1 ’).

Ischnura demorsa (Hagen).
Williams, June 6 (1 o'), June 15 (1 &); Flagstaff, July 4(1 o.
1 black &).

302 ENTOMOLOGIOAL SOCIETY

Fie. €.—Ischnura damula, Fie. 7.—Ischnura horbert!
profile view of 1oth abdominal n. sp., profile view of 1cth ab-
segment and appendages of . dominal segment and appen-
x 24. dages of ‘ott x 24.

Ischnura barberi, n. sp.

3'.—Metallic black, the following blue, green or yellowish; lips (ex-
cept a transverse basal stripe on labrum), rhinarium, frons, gene, head
below, an isolated round postocular spot each side, margins of prothorax,
sides of meso- and metathorax (except a short superior line on first lateral
suture and a long one on the second), an antehumeral stripe each side
and a transversely oblique line each side, behind or above them, pectus,
feet (except a superior stripe on femora and tibiz2 and extreme apex of
tarsal joints), 1 (except a basal spot on dorsum), sides and venter of 2-7,
all of 8and 9, 10 (except dorsum). A _ transverse, basal, interrupted yel-
low ring on 3-7. Dark band on 2 narrowed apically, that on 3-6 widened
on apical fourth, constricted just before it, much less constricted on 6.

Forked elevation on 10 not much more than half as high as 10, rising
at a gradual slope and in a straight line from the base of the segment;
forked in less than its apical half; branches forming an angle of about go’.
Superior appendages short, rather stout, about one-half as long as Io,
tubercular, with a pointed, inferior, apical process, which is hardly longer
than the other part of the appendage. Inferior appendages nearly as long
as 10, yellowish except at tip, broad at base, the outer side prolonged as
a process the tip of which is acute and curved inwards; inner side also
prolonged into a broad, flattened, rounded, shorter process, thus vrscuaie
the appendage bifid.

Wings clear. Fore wings with eight postcubitals in first series. Nodal
sector arising between the third and fourth (nearer the fourth) postcubital
on fore wings, near third on hind wings (on left wing @z¢ the third, on
right wing between second and third, on this specimen). Pterostigma on
front wings surmounting a little less than one cell, longer than wide,
outer side straight; blackish, the outer corner pale; on hind wings paler.

Abdomen 24.5, hind wing 15.5 mm.

Hot Springs, June 24 (1 ¢).

Lype.—No. 6891, U. S. National Museum.

This species is very similar to /schnura denticollis Burmeister

OF WASHINGTON. 303

(exstriata Calvert), but is larger, possesses an antehumeral
stripe, is without black markings on 8 and 9g, the appendages are
stouter and are longer in proportion to the length of the last
segment, while the inferior process of the superiors is shorter.
The inner prolongation of the inferior appendages seems to be a
peculiarity of this species.

Progomphus obscurus (Rambur).

Bright Angel, Colorado Canyon, 2,700 feet, July 12 (1 co).

Ophiogomphus severus Hagen.

Las Vegas Hot Springs, New Mexico, August 3 (1 &).

I had first determined this, from the description and figure, as
O. occtdentis, but Dr. Calvert, when I was in Philadelphia last
winter, corrected the determination and showed me types of both
species for comparison.

Herpetogomphus compositus (Hagen).

Bright Angel, Colorado Canyon, 2,700 feet, July 12 (1 &),
July 13 (200,222); Bright Angel [Hotel], July 10 (1 2) 5
Bright Angel, 6,800 feet, July 13 (1 oS).

Cordulegaster diadema (Selys).

Bright Angel, Colorado Canyon, 2700 feet, July 13, in stream
in ‘* Willows” (1 teneral 2).

A cast skin, probably of this species, was taken on a rock near
the place where the imago was captured. I think the species has
not previously been recorded from the United States.

fEschna multicolor Hagen.

Winslow, July 3: (1 o&); Williams, July (1 & fragment—five
terminal abdominal segments and appendages).
Anax junius (Drury).

Winslow, July 31 (1 o&, I pair in copula).
Pantala hymenza (Say).

Hot Springs, June 25, ‘‘laying eggs in fountain” (1 @).
Libellula saturata Uhler.

Williams, June 3 (1 o), June 15 (1 &), July — (2 YY); Hot
Springs, June 23 (1 %); Bright Angel, Colorado Canyon, 2,700
feet, July 12 (1 &), July 13 (20'd, 1 &).

Sympetrum corruptum (Hagen).
Williams, June 1 (6%), June 2 (2 SS), June § (1 2), June
6 (3 0S), June 30 (1 '), July 3 (2 S'), July 16 (1 2); Flag-
staff, July 4 (1 #'); Ashfork, June 18 (1 9); Bright Angel [ Hotel],
July 11 (2 22); Bright Angel, Colorado Canyon, 2,700 feet,
July 12 (1 2); Winslow, July 31 (5 i'd, 2 2).
Mesothemis simplicicollis (Say), variety collocata Hagen.
Winslow, July 31 (1 o&).

Cc

304 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

Specimens of the most interesting species were shown.

The paper was discussed by several of the members. Mr.
Banks said that it could hardly be true that dragonflies and
swallows are the only winged creatures which venture over the
brink of the canyon for these were undoubtedly in pursuit of their
accustomed prey—small flies, gnats, etc.

—Under the title ** Some remarks on Japanese Hymenoptera,”
Mr. Ashmead showed a number of interesting species from Japan
andcommented uponthem. The National Museum, he said, has
now quigt)a representation of Japanese insects. The first acces-
sion of importance was the collection received from the World’s
Fair at Chicago, through Mr. Mitsukuri, of the Imperial Uni-
versity of Tokyo. Since then a number of smaller collections
had come in from various sources. Of the Hymenoptera in the
collection the Aculeata belonged mostly to species already
described, but in the Parasitica probably 150 new species and
several new genera were represented. There were, he judged,
in the neighborhood of 500 described species of Japanese Hymen-
optera. He alluded to the wide distribution of certain Japanese
bees, some species of which were found as far south as India.

Following the paper, Messrs. Howard, Holland, Pollard, Gill,
and Marlatt discussed the zoo-geographical conditions prevailing
in the Japanese islands, not only as shown by the insects but by
the fishes and plants.

APRIL 2, 1903.

The 177th regular meeting was held at the residence of Mr.
William H. Ashmead, 1807 Belmont avenue, N. W., Vice-
President Banks in the chair, and Messrs. Ashmead, Barber,
Busck, Currie, Doolittle, Dyar, Gill, Heidemann, Hopkins,
Howard, Kotinsky, Marlatt, Patten, Simpson, Warner, Webb,
Uhler and Ulke, members, and Mr. H. Bolce, visitor, also
present.

Mr. Banks reported that 11 members attended the field excur-
sion to Bladensburg, Maryland, on March 26. A most enjoy-
able day was experienced and some good entomological finds
made.

—Dr. Dyar presented the following note :

OF WASHINGTON. 305

A NOTE ON PYRAUSTA OCHOSALIS FITCH, MS.
By Harrison G. Dyar.

Fitch’s specimen (No. 406) has been in the National Museum
collection under Pyrausta generosa G. & R., but it differs obvi-
ously from that species. The yellow spot without the t.-p. line
on the costa is very small, and there is a larger one within the
line filling its outward bend at the end of the cell. The yellow
spot between the reniform and orbicular is very small, usually
absent. The species is also smaller. It closely resembles the
European Pyrausta aurata Scop., having all the same mark-
ings, but the yellow band on hind wings is more outwardly
placed and less diminished costally in the American than in the
European form. Our specimens are from:

[New York] (Fitch collection, 406 and 6580); New York
(H. S. Burnett); Chicago, Ill. (A. Kwiat); Taoz, New Mexico,
June 14, 1875 (Wheeler survey); Rio Ruidoso, White Moun-
tains, New Mexico, July 31 and August 1 (C. H. T. Townsend).
Also a specimen with the band on hind wings narrower and
whitish from ‘* top of range, June 26” [New Mexico] (T. D. A.
Cockerell).

—Dr. Dyar showed a living larva of Hemileuca electra Wright,
sent for inspection by Mr. O. C. Poling. Thespecies livesin South-
ern California and is among our rarest Saturnians. A description
of the larva has been published by Mr. Coquillett (Journ. N. Y.
Ent. Soc., vi, p. 250, 1898). The specimen shown looks very
like a larva of Pseudohazis except for the gray cast that the
white dots on the secondary hairs give. The upper row of warts
has a short shaft on joints 4-12 (single on joint 12), the spines
arising ina bunch. The other warts are in the form of long
branching spines. The white subdorsal and lateral lines are
straight, the substigmatal one waved. ‘There are no spines on
the anal plate, though it is hairy. There is an unpaired long
dorsal spine on joint 13.

—Dr. Dyar presented also the description of a Tortricid con-
stituting a new genus and species, Phthinolophus indentanus, as
follows : |

306 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

NOTE ON. A WRONGLY IDENTIFIED SPECIES OF TOR-
. TRICIDZA.

(Phthinolophus indentanus, n. gen. and sp.)
By Harrison G. Dyar.

Two years ago I described* the larva of Cerorrhinetat
calidana Zeller, identified by Prof. Fernald with a query, the
larve on Lugenia from Florida. Another specimen in the
collection of Mr. Philip Laurent, of Philadelphia, collected at
Mt. Airy, Pennsylvania, bears Prof. Fernald’s label, in his own
handwriting, this time without the query. Mr. Laurent has
other specimens from Anglesea, New Jersey, and I have a series
bred on wax myrtle (AZyrica cerifera) at the Department of
Agriculture under the number 3422, June, 1884, from Fortress
Monroe, Virginia. In all 41 specimens are before me. The
Myrica specimens were submitted to Lord Walsingham in 1884
and labelled ** Pedésca, n. sp.” Prof. Fernald has a specimen
sent him in 1898 and still unreported upon except to the effect that
it was not the Florida species. In my opinion, however, there is
but a single species before me, and that with but a small range
of variation. 3

I feel reluctantly compelled to dissent from Prof. Fernald’s
determination. Zeller described Cerorrhinetat as ‘‘ Die erste
bekannte Wicklergattung in welcher die mannlichen Fiihler, wie
bei Pempelia und Nephopteryx, doch ohne Kriimmung der
Geissel, durch rauhe Schuppen zu einem langlichen Knoten ver-
dickt sind,” and ‘*‘ Beim & der ganze Vorderrand bis nahe an die
Spitze zurtickgeschlagen ist.” In the specimens before me there
is no knot-like thickening of the S antenne as in Wephopteryx,
but a long, slight thickening with a notch near its end as in
Tmetocera. The 3 costal fold does not reach over half the
length of the costal margin. In the specific description of
calidana, Zeller does not describe any of the characteristic mark-
ings of the specimens before me. If further proof were needed,
Walsingham’s discussion and figure of the venation§ show a
very different insect, belonging to the Tortricine and allied to
Capua, whereas the form before me belongs to the Olethreutinz
near 7metocera.

* Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., Iv, p. 468, 1go1.

+ Written Cerorrhincta by a typographical error.

t Hor. Ent. Soc. Ross., xu, p. 116, 1877.

§ Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1891, p. 499, Pl. xt, fig. 2, where he changed
the name to Ceratorrhineta, inadmissibly, I believe, and Proc. Zool. Soc.
Lond., 1897, 133.

OF WASHINGTON. 307

Phthinolophus, n. gen.

oS antenne simple, an elliptical thickening at base above cits a toe
at the outer portion. Fore wing with a broad costal fold on basal half
containing atuft of pale hairs. Wings moderately elongate, costa convex.
Fore wings with all the veins from the cell, 4 curved, narrowly separated
‘from 5 at base. Hind wing with veins 3 and 4 stalked, 5 arising. close to
the base of the stalk, curved; 6 and 7 closely approximate. Thorax
smooth, head with a lowkeeled crest. Palpi porrect, second joint broadly
tufted, third bare. In the unset specimens an erect tuft of scales projects
triangularly upward above the basal third of inner margin, which is lost
in the set specimens.

Phthinolophus indentanus, n. sp. :

3 with the costal two-thirds of fore wing dark blackish brown, wallowial
and brighter at apex where a row of dark costal strige are visible, but a
dark band again succeeds, running obliquely from the apex. Inner third
light gray, incising the brown at basal and outer thirds; a few brown
strigz on inner margin and a double row of two short brown bars in a
yellowish field in the position of the ocelloid patch, the inner pair some-
times forming a distinct brown spot. The tuft seen in the unset speci-
mens is in the basal projection of the gray area. Hind wing gray. Ex-
panse, 12 to 14 mm.

Q lighter colored, the costal two-thirds largely ocherous, streaked with
brown, its lower edge marked with dark brown bars in a broken row from
below cell to apex. Inner margin gray, incising the ocherous color;
ocelloid patch as in the <j, ocherous, cut vertically by gray, but showing
three brown bars in two series, the inner series forming a distinct brown
spot. Expanse, 14 to 15 mm.

170'5', 21 22; Palm Beach, Florida (Dyar) ; Fortress Mon-
roe, Virginia (U. S. Dept. Agriculture) ; Mt. A iry, Pennsylvania,
and Anglesea, New Jersey (Laurent) ; Montclair, N. (Kear-
fott);: Hastings, Fla. (Kearfott).

Type.—No. 6804, U. S. National Museum.

—Mr. Ashmead exhibited an interesting new genus and species
of wasp, described in the following Berens

MYRMECOSALIUS, A NEW GENUS IN THE CEROPALID.
By Wiri1am H. AsHMeEap. mised

Apterous and subapterous Ceropalide are rare, there being
only three or four species known, so that the species described
below, which represents a new genus in the subfamily Pepszxe,
is of great interest. It was discovered by Dr. William M.

308 ENTOMOLOGIOAL SOCIETY

Wheeler, in Texas, living in the nest of the harvesting ant, Pogo-
nomyrmex barbatus Smith, and was sent to me some months ago.
It may be predaceous upon some of the curious arachnids living
in ant nests in Texas.

Myrmecosalius, n. gen.

' Q.—Wings rudimentary, narrowed, not quite reaching to the metathora-
cic spiracles, and with only two basal cells, the stigma, radial, cubital and
discoidal cells being wholly absent; head, legs. and abdomen as in Saléus
(Priocnem?s); thorax narrowed, the prethorax only two-thirds as wide as
the head, the mesothorax contracted, the mesonotum being rather small,
shorter, and much narrower than the pronotum; the scutellum is small,
rounded behind, the postscutellum hardly one-third the length of the scu.
tellum; metathorax longer than wide, convexly rounded, the spiracles
linear. © unknown. -

Myrmecosalius nigriceps, n. sp.

Q.—Length, 5.5 to6 mm. Head, except the clypeus, the mandibles,
and the palpi, and the antenne, except the first three joints, which are
brownish-yellow, black; the clypeus, mandibles, thorax, legs, and the
abdomen, except the pygium and the hypopygium which are black, wholly
ferruginous. The head is finely, closely punctulate, opaque, the thorax
finely, microscopically shagreened, while the abdomen is smooth, shining,
although under a strong lens it is seen to be microscopically shagreened
and finely sericeous or downy.

Type.—No. 6820, U.S. National Museum.

—Dr. Howard referred to a recent paper by Mr. Charles T.
Brues in the Lzological Lulletin on the messmates of ants of the
genus /citox. Among the species treated in this paper as found
in these ants’ nests were some Proctotrypoids belonging to new
species in the Ceraphronide, and a Zelenomus. It was note-
worthy, he said, that no aphids nor coccids were found in the
nests, but a large number of flies of the family Phoride. The
Ceraphronids were probably parasitic upon the Phorid larve,
but what did the Zelexomus parasitize? Dr. Howard thought
they possibly attacked the ants’ eggs.

Mr. Ashmead said he thought they might be parasitic on’
spiders’ eggs, as spiders had been found in some of the ants’
oy

—Mr. Warner showed a hymenopterous parasite belonging to
the ROBE ae genus Sce/zo, stating that he had found it
attached by its mandibles between the base of the wing and the

OF WASHINGTON. 309

hind legs of a specimen of grasshopper, Dichromorpha viridis
Scudder, in the National Museum collection.

Mr. Ashmead remarked that the members of the genus Sce/zo
were parasitic on the eggs of grasshoppers, and that it was the
habit of the female to attach itself to the gravid female grass-
hopper and wait for the latter to deposit its eggs.

Mr. Banks stated that Dr. David Sharp, in the Cambridge
Natural History, records a specimen of Podagrion found on a
female Mantid, the members of this genus being parasites of
mantis’ eggs.

—Dr. Hopkins seported some observations made upon a recent
trip to North Carolina. At Asheville he found twigs of pine
thickly covered with dipterous galls. These galls were in the
bark, and formed pits in the wood. The larve, covered with
resin, were crawling out of the galls on to the bark and needles.
He noticed that this resin covering the larve was the external
substance used in forming the cocoons, and also served to attach
the cocoon securely to the twig. Ratzeburg had described the
cocoon, but not the gall, and it appeared that the latter had never
been described. It probably belonged to some species of Dzp/o-
sts, according to Mr. Coquillett. Some of the larve did not come
out, but remained in the galls to pupate.

Dr. Hopkins reported, also, that in the swamps of North Caro-
lina many of the cypresses which are girdled by the lumbermen,
and left standing a year before beitig cut down, were considerably
damaged by ambrosia beetles. He found that the presence or
absence of this infestation depended upon the time of year when
the girdling was done. Sweet-gum and black-gum trees were
girdled in a similar manner, and were subject to the same attacks
by the beetles. He found many interesting insects on these gir-
dled trees.

Dr. Howard said he considered Dr. Honkine observations Of
special interest as having a bearing on the question of the ovi-
position of Diplosis restnicola. He thought the latter species
might lay its eggs on the bark and not in the resin as has been
supposed. He said that Packard considered the needle gall as
a different species from the twig gall, and described it as Dzplosts
pini-rigide.

—Mr. Heidemann exhibited a specimen of the Aradid bug

310 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

Neuroctenus pseudonemus Bergroth, collected at Bladensburg,
Maryland, on March 26, under bark. The species was described
originally from ‘‘ Carolina,” and has not before been recorded
from the District of Columbia. He showed, also, a specimen of
Neuroctenus simplex Say, the species found commonly around
Washington. JV. pseudonemus is much the larger of the two
forms.

Prof. Uhler remarked that this species is very large for our
fauna, and has an almost tropical appearance. In the tropics
some species of Aradidz attain a length of about three quarters
of an inch. He mentioned a species described by-Champion
from Central America, which lives under fungi, and bears little
knob-like protuberances on its pronotum. These serve to scrape
off and distribute over the back a powdery material from the fun-
gus, giving the bug a spotted appearance not natural to it.

—Mr. Banks showed a specimen of a large Syrphid fly ( Cerza
willtstoniz Kahl), and presented the following note:

NOTE ON CERIA WILLISTONII KAHL.
By NATHAN Banks.

From a puparium collected on oak bark at Falls Church,
Virginia, about the middle of March, there issued on the 27th of
March a fly of this species, previously known from Florida,
Texas, and Kansas. ‘The fly has a great resemblance to certain
conopids, and also to some wasps. _ It is probably identical with
C. signifera Loew from Mexico. The larva of Cerza is sup-
posed to feed in the flowing sap of trees. I give below a short
description of the puparium :

Puparium dull black above, whitish below, in front with two large white
marks separated by a narrow black spot; anal tube shining black. Dor-
sum faintly mottled with pale, more prominent on the sides. Dorsum
with a median row of double pointed tubercles, and a lateral row each
side; those toward the tip are smaller than the others. Length, 18 mm.

—Mr. Banks showed, also, two rare Ortalid flies. The first
bears a very close resemblance to an ant, as its name, JZyrme-
comyta myrmecoides Loew, would indicate. The other species,
Odontomera ferruginea Macquatt, also looks much like an ant,
though the resemblance is not so striking. The latter was from
the District of Columbia. |

OF WASHINGTON. Bit

—Dr. Howard stated that while the conclusions of the U. S.
Army Commission on the subject of yellow fever were very
generally accepted by the physicians of Central and South Amer-
ica, no corroborative experiments have been made until very
recently. Much general incredulity has been felt in Brazil, but
in a letter just received from Dr. Adolpho Lutz, of Sao Paulo,
an account is given of experiments in which there were three
positive results, the mosquitoes having been captured in an unin-
fected place, taken.to the city, allowed to bite yellow fever
patients and then carried to an uninfected place and allowed to
bite non-immunes. These experiments have been accepted as
conclusive and Brazilian incredulity has been removed.

—Prof. Uhler mentioned the fact that mosquitoes had been
introduced at Buena Vista, in the mountains of western Mary-
land, by transportation in freight cars, and that they were now
breeding abundantly in an ice pond which has been made there.

—Dr. Dyar then read portions of a systematic paper submitted
for publication by Prof. John B. Smith. The paper is as follows:

A REVISION OF THE BOREAL-AMERICAN SPECIES OF
NONAGRIA Ochs.

By Joun B. Smith, Sc.D.

4

The species of this genus are poorly represented. in American
collections, and are, as a rule, uncertainly named. ‘The adults
are rarely taken by ordinary methods of: collecting, and there is
usually a great dearth of males: of /e¢a, for instance, | know of
only one & example in all the collections seen. Several collec-
tors have bred small series, and there seems to be no particular
difficulty in obtaining adults in this way ; but even in bred series
females seem to be in the majority so far as 1 have been able to
find.

The head is not prominent, yet scarcely retracted ; moderate in
size; front produced into a long, pointed process, more or less
carinate, the sides somewhat explanate, varying in the species,
the tip sometimes notched. As a rule the straight, hairy frontal
vestiture conceals all save the extreme tip of this process, and the
superficial appearance is that of a pointed hair tuft. The eyes.
are of good size, round, or nearly so, not protuberant, naked,
without lashes or fringes. Palpi moderate, extending to the tip
of the frontal process, vestiture of the second joint somewhat
divergent, the third varying a little in its proportion to the sec-

312 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

ond. Antenne extending to the middle of the wing, or a little
beyond, simple in the female, joints somewhat marked, and with
little tufts of short hair in the males. Tongue short, yet corne-
ous; spiral and, perhaps, functional; but I doubt it. Thorax
comparatively small, quadrate, with long, flattened hairy vesti-
ture, forming no obvious tufts, yet fairly defining the patagia ;
the collar, however, is not relieved. Legs: comparatively short,
rather stout; middle and hind legs subequal; the former with
longer femora, the latter with longer tibia. The vestiture varies
somewhat in the species, but never forms specialized tuftings.
Tibiz unarmed save for the usual spurs,°and not spinulated.
Tarsi tending to taper toward tip, spinulation only moderate, the
claws concealed by the vestiture. Abdomen very long, exceed-
ing the angle of secondaries by nearly or quite half its length ;
very stout and cylindrical in the female, not much narrowed in
the male; in both sexes with a terminal tuft. Primaries varying
somewhat in proportion to the thorax, but always seem short and
stumpy in proportion to the abdomen; the costa is a little arched,
the inner margin subparallel, outer margin forming an appproxi-
mate rectangle at apex, thence obliquely rounded to a very obtuse
hind angle. Secondaries proportionate. The venation offers
nothing characteristic or different from the normal. On the pri-
maries there is a little-variation in the origin of veins 7-10; in
subflrva 7, 8 and 9 arise together from the end of the accessory
cell, and 10 comes from the middle of the upper margin; in
chlonga 7 and g are from the end of the accessory cell, while §
is out of 9 half way to the apex, 1o being a little nearer the apex
of the accessory cell; in /e¢a the venation is as in obd/onga; in
alameda veins 7,8, and 9g arise close together from the end of the
accessory cell, but S and g are on a very short stalk and Io is
from the outer third of the cell. Cn the secondaries vein 5 is
practically obsolete except in e/ameda, where it is quite obvious,
but much weaker than the others. The studies on venation were
made primarily on wings mounted in balsam, supplemented by
examinations of other specimens from different localities. Very
little variation is indicated, yet veins 7 to 9 of the primaries are
those that are most subject to variation, and it is quite likely that
there may be some divergence from the characters given here.
One of the most characteristic features of this genus is the pecu-
liar structure of the female genitalia, which was figured and
described by Dr. D.5S. Kellicott for his swbcarnea.* Seen from
behind, there is the highly chitinized rim of an abdominal seg-
ment which covers a broad triangular upper sclerite ; this sclerite
has thickened edges which, as they extend backward, separate into
two flattened lobes which turn downward and in part cover the

*Bull. Buff. Soc. Nat. Sci., v, 1855.

OF WASHINGTON, 313

anal opening. Almost meeting the tip of these lobes is a pair of
lateral pieces bent from the under side so, when these are approx-
imated, the inner structures are entirely concealed (Pl. VI, fig. 3).
If these corneous structures are dissected out, cleared of scales
and viewed laterally, the inferior side pieces are found to arise
from the same base as the superior triangular process. Covered
by these structures is a corneous portion furrowed into transverse
ridges. The ovipositor opens below this ridged surface and does
not appear in Pl. V, fig. 4, which illustrates this structure from
the side. No other Noctuid genus studied by me shows any
similar structure; hence Vozagrza stands well by itself.

As to the use of this peculiar structure, Dr. Kellicott speaks as
follows: ‘* By means of this apparatus the eggs are placed for the
winter. They are arranged, one after another, varying in number
from a few to a hundred or more, in a tube formed by rolling
over the margin of a withered dry leaf of the food plant. It
appears that as the eggs are extruded and placed a little way back
from the margin (about one-third the width), the same is then
folded over the eggs and firmly cemented down, thus forming and
filling the tube. The eggs thus covered with the leaf and cement
appear to pass the winter under the snow, and more or less under
water, unharmed.

‘¢ T have not been so fortunate as to see the moth in the act of
oviposition, although a number were kept for many days with
ZTypha in an aquarium. I found from time to time many of the
eggs, but visits paid by day or by night failed to discover the
manner of the work.”

The species differ somewhat in the details of this structure ;
but this belongs rather to. the discussion under the specific
descriptions.

Eight species have been described from our fauna, three of them
by Guenée, whose types I have seen in the British Museum. Two
of the species—enervata and fodiens—were seen in 1891 and
were found not properly referred to this genus; the third, zzguz-
mata, | saw in 1900, and this also is improperly in Monxagria.
It isa Zapinostola, and probably varzana Morr. The relation
of our described species is not settled and the specific reference
is not definitely made for that reason.

This leaves five nominal species, of which I have seen the types
of the three described by Mr. Grote. Dr. Kellicott’s species I have
in specimens identified by himself and out of his type lot. Leta
Morr., I have been unable to trace and have not seen the type.
I have suspected a European species, but can find nothing to
which the description fits. Mr. Grote described what he identi-
fied as the & of Zeta, but intimates a doubt as to whether he
really had Mr. Morrison’s species. I have seen the specimens
in the Thaxter collection, now in the Museum of Comparative

314 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

Zoology at Cambridge, and they agree perfectly with Mr. Grote’s
description; but I am also in doubt whether Mr. Morrison’s
description of the female really applied to this species, of which
I have females only. But as there is: no other to which the
description applies, even approximately, I have adopted Mr.
Grote’s identification.

Of the names’ now in the catalogue, oblonga, subcarnea, and
permagna apply to one species only, reducing the number of
good species to three, and to these must be added a new form
from the Pacific coast bred by Mr. A. Koebele some years ago.

Of three of these species I have material sufficient to study the
male genitalia; of /e¢a I have seen only cne male, and that was
not available for dissection. The matter is not so important in
this genus as it would be in some others, because the characters
seem to have no modification corresponding to the extraordinary
female structures. On the contrary, they are extremely simple ;
the harpes are long, moderate in width, subequal to near the tip,
but somewhat irregular; the tip rounded and varying a little in
form. Odlonga seems to have no corneous clasper of any kind,
and on this point I examined the sudcarmea as well as the per-
magna forms and a series from California, lest I might be misled
by superficial resemblance. Swdflava and alameda have each a
curved corneous clasper inserted at about the outer third of the
harpes and projecting forward. The uncus is unusually thickened
in all the species, but there seems to be nothing different in type
from the usual Noctuid form.

Oblonga Grt., is the largest of the species, reddish gray in color,
with minute black powderings, which tend to form in the male,
a blackish shade along the median vein. Thet. p. line may be
represented by a simple or a double row of dots, or may be trace-
able as a denticulate line, the dots being the remains of the teeth.
The ordinary spots are usually traceable as more reddish blotches
in which the powderings are not present. Mr. Grote’s original
description was of an average male and fits that sex nicely; in
the female all the maculation tends to become lost and the extreme
in that direction is Jermagna Grt., represented in the series be-
fore me by Californian specimens which agree closely with the
type from Florida. The normal form is described by Dr. Kelli-
cott, and in this the t. p. line is punctiform, the orbicular is marked
by one and the reniform may be marked by two dark dots.

Subflava is distinctly yellow in tinge, and has the veins more
or less marked with smoky or blackish; the median vein is espe-
cially prominent, and at the end a diffuse spot tends to darken
the vague reniform. The t. p. line isa series of venular dots and
the terminal space is dusky in most examples. Females usually
vary little except in size and in the general tinge of the ground
color. The males are generally so different that, without a series,

OF WASHINGTON. 315

I could hardly have persuaded myself that the undersized luteous
red-brown forms really belonged here. The maculation may
become entirely lost, and only the darkening along the veins will
remain. 3

Alameda is a dull brown species in both sexes; the veins
darker, the row of outer spots inconspicuous and only a vague
tracing of the ordinary spots. As a whole, both sexes area little
more smoky than in the male suéflava, but they are of the same
general type, and the species are related.

Leta is distinctly red in tint, the tendency being to yellowish
in the interspaces and to purplish brown on the veins. There is
no trace of an outer line and the reniform is marked only as a
vague darker shading at the end of the cell. The sexes are simi-
lar in appearance. .

Altogether, as the species are arranged now, they are easily
separable and should be recognized without much trouble.

NONAGRIA OBLONGA Grote.

Nonagria oblonga Grote, Papilio, 11, p. 95, 1882.

Nonagria permagna Grote, Papilio, m1, p. 73, 1883.

Nonagria subcarnea Kellicott, Can. Ent., xv, p. 175, 1883.

Nonagria subcarnea Kellicott, Bull. BkIn. Ent. Soc., vu, p. 86, 1884.
Nonagria subcarnea Kellicott, Can. Ent., xvi, p. 170, 1884.
Nounagria subcarnea Kellicott, Bull. Buff. Soc. Nat. Sci., v, p. 40, 1885.

Ground color a somewhat reddish gray or luteous, varying in depth and
suggesting the flesh tint. Head and thorax immaculate. Abdomen only
a little paler, also without maculation. Primaries with fine black powder-
ings, which are fewer in the cell and submedian interspace, lightening this
area, and which tend to mass along the median vein. T.a. line usually
indicated bya blackish dot on the costa and another in the cell. T. p. line
evenly outcurved over the cell, and continued in an even sweep about par-
allel with the outer margin. It may be a strongly dentate, nearly contin-
uous single line, a series of interspaceal followed by a series of venular
dots, or it may be a series of venular dots only, the dots representing
respectively the inner and outer teeth of the complete line. There isa
series of interspaceal black terminal dots. The orbicular is a blackish
dot surrounded by a variably evident reddish shade, or by a circular area
free from black powderings. Reniform a blackish dot at the termination
of the median vein, supplemented by one above it nearer to the centre of
the cell, and surrounded by a somewhat paler shading. Secondaries a
little paler, sometimes with a more reddish flush, with an irregular, smoky,
inconspicuous median shade line, and with a series of terminal dots or
lunules. Beneath paler, primaries with the disc blackish outwardly, and
with a blackish discal spot; secondaries more powdery, with a blackish
discal spot and a somewhat irregular, diffuse, extra median band.

Expanse.—Male, 1.40-1.68 inches = 35-42 mm.

Female, 1.60-2.00 inches = 40-50 mm.

316 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

Flabitat.—Rye, Westchester Co., N. Y., July 31 (Bird) ;
Buffalo, N. Y., July (Kellicott); Newark, N. J. (Buchholz) ;
Brockport, N. Y. (Bruce) ; Webster, N. H. (Goodhue); Chi-
cago, Ill., Champaign, Ill., July 31, at electric light (Forbes) ;
Los Angeles Co., Cal., in October (Koebele) ; Kittery Point,
Maine (Thaxter); Fresno, Cal. (E. A. Schwarz).

The above localities are represented in the series of 17 speci-
mens now before me. It is quite probable that the species will
be found throughout the United States wherever the food plant
(Zypha) occurs. Florida should be added to the list of localities
given, as the type of permagna was received from that State.
The life history of the species is given by Dr. Kellicott in Volume
' V of the Bulletin of the Buffalo Society of Natural Sciences, and
this shows one brood only, with a hibernation in the egg stage.

The general line of variation has been already referred to. The
Californian examples are paler, and the secondaries have a rosy
flush. They look different, but I have found it impossible to get
any constant differential features. In the female the lateral in-
ferior pieces have the tip distinctly emarginate, and this feature
is constant and characteristic of the species.

The frontal process in this species is very long actually and in
comparison with that of the other species, and it is slightly
notched at the tip. Seen from the top the lateral margins are
denticulate and a little flattened; seen from the side, the inferior
portion of the front is extended for only a short distance beneath
the process. In the male the projection seems, on the whole,
somewhat less prominent than in the female, but there seems also
to be a little individual variation in this respect.

NONAGRIA SUBFLAVA Grote.

Nonagria subflava Grote, Papilio, 11, p. 95, 1882.
Nonagria subfiava Grote, Bull. U. S. Geol. Surv., vi, p. 583, 1882.

Ground color yellow luteous in the female, reddish brown in the male,
varying somewhat in the specimens. Head and thorax concolorous with
the primaries, without obvious markings. Primaries somewhat powdery
in both sexes. In the male the veins are black or smoky, with some white
interrupting scales, median vein scarcely more prominent than the others.
T. p. line a series of small venular dots tending to become lost. Terminal
space vaguely darker in some specimens. Reniform a vague, somewhat
lighter shade. In the female the contrasts are much better marked; the
median vein is conspicuously darker and usually has a smoky shade accom-
panying it; most obvious at base and at the end of the median vein. The
submedian vein is also more or less well marked basally. The terminal
space tends to smoky brown, blackish on the veins, the apex nearly always
free. T.a. line marked by venular dots in most specimens, but sometimes
wanting. T. p. line nearly always obvious as a complete series of black

OF WASHINGTON, 317

venular dots parallel with the outer margin. Reniform obvious, though
diffuse, inferiorly clouded at the end of the cell, and sometimes marked at
its upper border. Secondaries pale yellow in the female; darker, with a
somewhat fuscous tinge in the male. Beneath, yellowish in the female,
smoky in the male; disc of primaries darker and with a vague outer line;
secondaries powdery along the costa. Abdomen concolorous with the
secondaries. :
Expanse.— Male, 1.20-1.40 inches = 30-35 mm.
Female, 1.20-1.68 inches = 30-42 mm.

flabttat.—Kittery Point, Maine, in September (Thaxter) ;
Hamilton, Ontario; Winnipeg, Manitoba, August 31 (Hanham) ;
Cartwright, Manitoba (Heath); Volga, SouthDakota (Truman) ;
Wisconsin, Iowa, Nebraska (Coll. div.) ; Champaign, Illinois,
July 28, at electric light (Forbes) ; Chicago, August 3; Eliza-
beth, N. J., July 30 (Buchholz).

It is probable that the species will be found to occur through-
out the northern and middle United States and throughout the
British possessions to the Rocky Mountains, wherever conditions
are favorable. Forty-three examples are before me, of which six
only are males, and none are from any southern locality or from
the Pacific Slope.

I have seen males that are very like the females in maculation,
but darker in ground, and from that. they vary to an almost uni-
form red-brown, with vague venular shadings. In the female
there is not much variation ; there may be an addition of reddish
to the ground color, and there is more or less difference in the
amount of contrast along the median vein and in the terminal
space, but on the whole there is an obvious similarity throughout
the long series before me. The difference in size is greater than
the record indicates, for while there are some females as small as
any males, the average female is larger than the largest male.
Of the 37 female examples, 27 exceed in size the largest male of
my series. I am not aware that this species has been actually
bred, and know of no records to that effect. The frontal process
is absolutely and relatively shorter than in od/onga, and, seen
from the top, the margin is broader, almost explanate, the edge
much more finely denticulate. The tip is obtuse, entire and a
little turned down. Seen from the side the lower half of the
front is extended, obviously to the tip of the projection, forming
a more perfect cone.

In the female, the lateral pieces that bend upward from the
lower margin have the tip rounded or obtuse, not in any way
emarginate or excised; and this character holds true in all the
specimens examined by me. Ordinarily, unless the specimen
is very fresh and has all the anal vestiture intact, the form of
these pieces can be discerned without much trouble.

318 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCLETY

NONAGRIA ALAMEDA, n. sp.

Ground color dull smoky red-brown. Head and thorax concolorous,
immaculate. Primaries in the male dark brown; in the female lighter,
with a somewhat yellowish tinge. No contrasting maculation in either
sex. Veins narrowly black-marked. T.a. line obsolete in the <j‘; in
the 2 may be entirely wanting or may be traceable for its full course as
a narrow, smoky line, upright as a whole, outcurved in the interspaces.
T. p. line a series of venular dots; very small black dots in the male;
better marked, with larger dots, emphasized by white scales, in the
female. A narrow, dusky, terminal line, followed bya pale line at the
base of the fringes. Reniform scarcely traceable in the <j‘, obscurely
marked and yellowish centered in the 2. Secondaries yellowish, with
an obscure extra-median line in the female; darker with a smoky tinge
inthe male. Beneath yellowish with a smoky tinge; powdery; both
wings with an exterior dark line or shades, primaries with the disc
blackish.

Expanse.—Male, 1.28-1.48 inches ==.32-37 mm.

Female, 1.48-1.56 inches = 37-39 mm.
flabitat.—Alameda County, California, July and August;
red No. 231 (A. Koebele). |

Type.—No. 6807, U.S. National Museum.

A series of eight examples, equally divided as to sex, is under
examination, and there is a greater similarity between the sexes
than in any previously described species. The males are as dark
as any swbflava and might even be mistaken for them except for
the somewhat greater size and more sharply black-lined veins.
The females range larger but not strikingly so, and they differ
from the males chiefly in the lighter coloring throughout. The
dotted t. p. line is greatly reduced here in both sexes, and in this
point the species is also characteristic. In the head structure
alameda resembles subflava closely save that, viewed laterally,
the front does not extend so far beneath the process and the lateral
edges are differently serrated. So, in the character of the female
lateral structures, the resemblance is also to suéflava; in fact the
two species are closely related and should be found to have closely
similar habits.

NONAGRIA L4£TA Morrison.

Nonagrita leta Morrison, Proc, Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., xvi, p. 120,
1875.

Nounuagria leta Grote, Papilio, 1, p. 95, 1882.

Nonagria leita Smith, Bull. 44, U. S. Nat. Mus., p. 182, 1893.

All the head and body parts concolorous with the wings. Anterior
wings brown, with a few longitudinal yellowish scales; all the veins dark,
purple brown, contrasting, a blackish, diffuse discal spot; fringe concolor-
ous, having a darker shading at the base. Posterior wings gray brown,

OF WASHINGTON. 319

lighter and yellowish at base; fringe yellow. Beneath brownish yellow;
central portion of the anterior wings blackish; discal dots distinct.
Expanse.—t.48 inches = 37 mm.

flabitat.—Hoboken, New Jersey.

The above is the essential part of Mr. Morrison’s original de-
scription, and it applies fairly well to the small series of female
specimens that I have before me. :

Mr. Grote describes the male as follows: ‘‘ Fore wings rich
reddish brown, the veins nearly black; they might be called
purplish black or brown. The interspaces have a paler, some-
what yellowish tint. Nolines and no discal spots. Hind wings
reddish brown, a little paler than primaries, and paler at base.
Body duller and lighter brown. Beneath without marks, paler ;
disc of primaries a little blackish.”

This description is equally characteristic for both sexes, and the
absence of all trace of transverse posterior line is characteristic.

The specimens before me range from 38 to 40 mm., = 1.52—
1.60 inches; but the dis smaller. I have seenonly the example
from Kittery Point, Maine, from the Thaxter collection.

In the series at hand are examples from lowa City, Iowa, July
27 (Wickham); Brockport, N. Y. (Bruce); Wisconsin; Louisi-
ana; Plattsburgh, N. Y. (C, F. Hudson).

The range indicated by these localities is great enough to fur-
nish more specimens than appear in collections; but nothing
seems to be known of the early stages.

The frontal protuberance is characteristic in appearance;
shorter than the others, the tip notched, the lateral margins
toothed, with ridges extending from these teeth toward the cen-
tral carina. From the side the appearance is equally character-
istic, forming a downward angle toward the base. The figures
on Plate V willgivea better idea of these structures than words of
mine can do. The lateral pieces of the female are not so defi-
nitely bent as they are in the other species, but are rather curved
upward toward the broad overhanging anal lobes. The tip is
finely serrated and is notched toward its inner angle, making the
entire structure distinctive and clearly different from that found
in any of the other species.

Finally, it might be suggested that collections need aot remain
so poorly supplied with species of this genus. They are not
really rare, but rather retiring in habit. They do not come to
_ sugar because the tongue is probably not functional; they fly to
light, because we know that specimens have been so taken; but
they are not greatly attracted by it and the captures are acciden-
tal. Throughout the summer larve may be found in 7ypha
(cat-tails) and perhaps in other plants growing in similar locali-
ties. Careful investigation should discover the local breeding
places, and after that the matter should be easy.

320 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

PLATE :V.

OF WASHINGTON. 321

EXPLANATION OF PLATE V.

1. Nonagria oblonga, head from side.

2 s ce head from above. .

3 oe as genital structure of the 2 seen from
behind.

4 os Re genital structure of 2 removed from
the body and seen from the side.

5. oh harpe and clasper of the o.

6 e subflava, head from side.

7 oP se head from above.

Se te genital structure of the 2 seen from

behind. The structure in alameda
is practically like this.

9. ee - anal plate of 2 seen from above.

10. - a harpe and clasper of the o’.

a J alameda, head from side.

ey a gee lg “i head from above.

ee ve ‘ harpe and clasper of the ¢.

14. ch feta, head from side.

1g. ee KS head from above.

16. es cs genital structure of the 2 seen from
behind.

V7. _ a tip of the lower lateral piece of the ?
genitalia.

—__Mr. Ashmead, under the title ‘“Some Remarks on Genera in
the Mutillidz,” showed how three families had been confused
,with the Mutillide by various recent authors. He exhibited a
number of interesting forms belonging to the families Thynnide,
Myrmoside, and Mutillide, pointing out characters that easily
separate them. He discussed André’s classification of these in-
sects as adopted in Wytsman’s ‘‘ Genera Insectorum,” Family
Mutillide. In his opinion André’s subfamily JZethocince was a
very unnatural group, part belonging to the 7hynuzde and part
to the Myrmoside. André has also suppressed some good genera
that will ultimately be recognized as valid.

Dr. Howard, discussing Mr. Ashmead’s paper, related a curi-
ous superstition in regard to Mutillide from the folk-lore of the
Mississippi negroes. A dog which is cowardly and not a good
fighter may, according to these negroes, be endowed with a
courageous and pugnacious spirit by being made to drink from a
decoction of boiled Mutillids, or ‘* bull-dog ants,” as they are

322 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

called. He remarked that in the Thynnide the males are larger
than the females, an exception to the rule obtaining among most
insects. Other examples of insects in which the male sex is the
larger were mentioned by other members present.

—Dr. Dyar presented the following paper:

A REVIEW OF THE NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF THE
LEPIDOPTEROUS FAMILY ANTHROCERIDEA.

By Harrison G. Dyar.

This group of moths has been usually known as Zygenide, but
erroneously so, as shown by Kirby. Fabricius founded the genus
Zygena in 1775, with 28 species included, belonging to several
genera and families as now known, and with no indication of type.
The first species is fl¢pendule, and if this be taken as the type,
the usual acceptance of the term Zygenide is justified, and this
becomes the name of the moths under discussion. But by the
method of elimination we reach a different result. Scopoli, in
1777, founded the genus Az¢hrocera, specifying as type fi/zpen-
dule@, the first of the Fabrician species of Zyg@na. Retzius, in
1783, proposed the genus Adsczta. I have not seen the work,
but the genus is said to have included only filipendule@ and
statices. Asthe species are not congeneric, and fil/épendule was
already the type of Axthrocera, statices may be considered that
of Adsczta. Schrank, in 1801, treated the genus Zyge@ena, divid-
ing it into three sections. Iam indebted to Prof. Fernald for ex-
amining Schrank’s work for me. He tells me that section A
contained phegea only, section B ten species, among them /z/2-
pendule, and section C two species, globularte Schrank (not:
Hiibner) = s¢atzces Linn. and prunz Den. & Schiff. These sec-°
tions were not named, but if names were to be applied to them,
B should be called Andaracere. as it contains flépendule, and
C Adsczta, as it contains statices. This constitutes a virtual re-
striction of Zygcena to section A, which contains only phegua.
Thus phege@a becomes the type of Zygena Fab. (restr. Schrank).
It is the second species included by him in the 28 original species.
The above is essentially Kirby’s argument. Unfortunately it
overturns our accustomed use of the family names, since pheywa
is a Syntomid allied to the Arctians, and thus Zyguna is to be
used for a high Bombycid type instead of the well known Tineid
group with which we are accustomed to associate the name.

The earliest plural name for the group is Hiibner’s Zygene
(1806), with 7¢pendule as type, but, as shown above, this name
cannot be used. Hiibner also proposed Chrysaores (statzces) and
Glaucopes ( phegea), but, as Chrysaor becomes a synonym of
Adscita and Glaucopis (preoccupied i in birds) of Zygana Fab.

OF WASHINGTON. 323

(restr. Schr.), neither of these terms is admissible. Latreille
used Zygenides (1809), and Leach, Zygenide (1819), neither
being admissible. Westwood and Humphrey proposed Anthro-
ceridz in 1857, which name should obtain.

The American Pyromorphide, as pointed out by Hampson and
Packard, cannot rightly be separated as a family from the Anthro-
ceride. This separation was made by Smith in an effort to bring
some order out of the jumble of forms associated under the term
Zygenide by Packard and Grote, and was followed by Neu-
moegen and Dyar, who gave as a diagnostic character the pres-
ence of but seven veins inthe hind wings. But this does not hold,
and is not of family rank in those forms that show it, since it is
caused by the disappearance of vein 6. Comstock and Hampson
describe this condition as produced by the coalescence of veins
6 and 7, but Ido not see any proof of this in the material before
me. It looks rather like an obsolescence of vein 6, as takes place’
with vein 5 in other groups. This seems best shown in 7r7-
procris smithsonianus, where there is a wide space between veins
5 and 7, with a fold in the position of vein 6, and even a slight
irregularity in the cross-vein at its proper position of origin, though
there is no trace of the vein itself. If it werea case of coalescence,
I should expect to find some of our species with veins 6 and 7
stalked, or at least approximate at origin.

The Anthroceride belong to the Tineoidea, as the wings have
vein ic present. The frenulum is present, tongue well developed,
middle spurs of hind tibiae obsolete, antennz pectinate in our spe-
cies, the tip slightly thickened or flabellate. Vein 8 of hind wings
is joined to the cell at outer two-thirds or end, and the upper border
of the cell is often weak. . The larve are flattened, elliptical, with
small retracted head, the tubercles converted into low warts, tuber-
cles i and ii, iv and v united. This type of structure is carried to
its fullest development in the Cochlidiide, which these larve
somewhat resemble. Our species fall in Kirby’s subfamily An-
throcerine, or Hampson’s Chalcosiine.

Family ANTHROCERIDE Westwood and Humphrey.

Sphinx adsita Linneus (part), Syst. Nat., p. 495, 1758.

Zygena Fabricius (part), Syst. Ent., p. 550, 1775. ?

Anthrocera Scopoli, Introd. Nat. Hist., p. 454, 1777.

Adscita Retzius, Gen. Spec. Ins., 8, p. 35, 1783.

Zygena Schrank (part), Fauna Boica, 11 (1), p. 236, 1801.

Zygena Latreille (part), Hist. Nat. Gen. Part. Crust. Ins., 111, p. 402,
1802.

Zygene Hibner, Tentamen, 1806.

Chrysaores Hiibner, Tentamen, 1806.

Zygena Latreille (part), Gen. Crust. Ins., Iv, p. 212, 1809.

324 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

Zygenides Latreille (part), Gen. Crust. Ins., tv, p. 211, 1809.

Not Zyg@na Cuvier, Reg. Anim., u, 1817. (Fishes.)

Zygaenide Leach, Edinb. Encycl., rx, p. 131, 1819.

Zygenides Boisduval, Icones., 11, p. 34, 1834.

Not Zygenine Swainson, Classif., 1839. (Fishes.)

Zygenoidea Gravenhorst, Vergl. Zool., p. 168, 1843.

Zygaenides Walker, Cat. Brit. Mus., 1, p. 62, 1854.

Anthroceride Westwood & Humphrey, Brit. Moths, 1, p. 27, 1857.

Glaucopites Newman, Ent. Mo. Mag., 1, p. 384, 1864. ;

Zygentde Staudinger, Cat. Lep. Eur. Faun., 1. p. 44, 1871.

Zygentide Stretch, Zyg. Bomb. No. Am., 1, p. 33, 1872.

Glaucopes Grote, New Ch. List No. Am. Moths, p. 14, 1882.

Pyromorphide Smith, List Lep. Bor. Am., p. 22, 1891.

Anthrocerine Kirby, Cat. Lep. Het., 1, p. 62, 1892.

Not Zygenine Kirby, Cat. Lep. Het., 1, p. 89, 1892. (Syntomide.)

Zygenide Hampson, Moths of India, 1, p. 228, 1892.

Pyromorphide Neumoegen & Dyar, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., u, p. 63,
1894: :

Pyromorphide Comstock, Man. Stud. Ins., p. 226, 1895.

Zyg@nide Hampson, Cat. Lep. Phal. Brit. Mus., 1, p. 20, 1898.

Anthroceride Tutt, Brit. Lep., 1, p. 385, 1899.

Synopsis oF NortH AMERICA GENERA.

1. Vein 6 of the hind wings absent........ cwanie:: bs lees suewapasbunpiasthoun seek: insat 2
Vein 6 of the hind wing present. ......ccescesscece sevessevces sence erscenecver ers 5
2. Vein 8 joined to the cell by an oblique bar at the end.........eseeeeeeeeeee 3
Vein 8 joining the cell at the outer two-thirds. ...........0: +0000 Acolotthus
3. Abdomen of ¢ with lateral and terminal tufts... .......cceccseeees teeeer cueees 4
Adaomen without tyfta widower esse jkalekevaadecseseenesss Triprocris
4. Anal area of hind wings much reduced............. bivicnh sha cour ees ieass Setiodes
Anal area of hind wings not reduced........csssece sescersescecseeees Harvisina
5. Vein 8 joined to cell by an oblique bar at end.......cccseeces eeeeeeereue res asa 6
Vein 8 joined to cell at outer two-thirds......... ccccesseeceseceeseseees Adscita
6. Wings broadly rounded. vis... cesecsescpevcesds! voies sheaes versesivesese Pyromorpha
Wings trigonate, normal.........sceesseeeeee ‘ap aaidins do bah ooo bo dake eeee Gingla

Genus ACOLOITHUS Clemens.
SYNOPSIS OF SPECIES.

Collar discolorous, TEd OF Orange ooo. cings ccescecsvedccscosanshoetssners> falsarius
Collar concolorous, black...... sb eS deta MAaSEba Uh aDedde PRANE MeL cmnaaeatons vrectartus

Acoloithus falsarius Clemens.

A common species in the southern Atlantic coast region, the
larva sometimes injurious to the grape. The larve are solitary,
whitish, with dull purple longitudinal side bands and cross bands
near each extremity.

OF WASHINGTON. aeo

Larva: Flattened, squarish, head retracted, feet short, on joints 7 to
1oand 13. Three rows of low, flattened warts with short, stiff hairs, those
from the third row (tubercles iv-++v) longer. Pale olivaceous or pinkish;
a broken black dorsal line with adjacent dots on joints 5 and 11 before the
upper wart;. a line above and below the second wart (tubercle iii), broken
in the incisures, a little curved on each segment, the upper one bordered
above faintly by white. Upper two warts blackish, the third pale except on |
joint 6. Spiracle on joint 5 moved up. An eversible area around the
spiracle on joints 6 and 11. Hairs finely segmented with a clear bulb at
the extreme base, dusky on upper warts, pale on third. Another row of
warts present on the thorax. Ina green specimen the dorsal markings on
joints 5 and 10-11 are larger. It has the appearance of a narrow dorsal
and broad lateral gray bands. The larve are small; length, 8 to 9 mm.
They very much resemble the holes which they eatin the leaves. Winter
passed as chrysalis in cocoon.

Described from larve from Rhinebeck and Lake Ronkonkoma,
New York.

Acoloithus rectarius Dyar.

Inhabits Arizona. I have it from Chiricahua Mts. (H. G.
Hubbard) and Huachuca Mts. (Dr..W. Barnes). The larva is
unknown.

Genus HARRISINA Packard.
SYNOPSIS OF SPECIES.

1. Collar discolorous, red or orange.......... Eau) LOLACARE sn Wane sRU RO KAN Mae Raaaaa yD 2
Cotlat- concolorous, Blacks iis. 6 sscat conden savseesevctas ieee ieaceiapakedieatisnrnieod 5
2. Fore wings with veins 8 and g COincident......46. ssesesecseesoneee@MEVICANA
Fore wings with veins 8 and 9 Separate........cecseccceseveessesccececcsesscces 3
3. Dull black, scarcely shining...........c.00+8 Sivstacavaruwepiounen webs ZS esshaonaes 4
ELIE SSC COM IGT PME cin sss css deekos carrer) ered ee araieandade ndeanvaces metallica
4. Neck below and coxz black............. Hs4 ies nee asentrswedudgnctaghees pardedh texana
Neck below and coxe overspread with the orange of collar.....australis
5. Wangs siining @reeaish Diack... 500s 0.5 vssacdvancansdpavves seas siasss coracina

Harrisina americana Harris.

The well-known grape vine feeder of the Eastern States, rang-
ing over the whole Atlantic coast. 1 have specimens from Eustis,
Florida, and Long Island, New York. The larve are gregarious,
eating the leaf in a row, side by side. They are yellow, with the
warts black.

Larva: Stage J. Gregarious. Head large, retracted under joint 2, body
flattened, squarish, segments distinct. Single sete represent the warts.
Those of the upper two warts (i + ii and iii) are stiff, black, with a clear
bulb at the extreme base, that representing the third wart (iv + v) is soft
white, spinulose, without bulb. Color, pale yellow, the skin sparsely
granular.

Stage II. Of the same yellowish color without marks. Instead of the

326 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

setz are now large warts as in the mature larva, the upper two witha
bunch of stiff spines with black tips, the third with hairs fine, white, spinu-
lose. Head pale.

Stage Il. Head retracted, pale, eye black, mouth brown. Cervical
shield large, covering most of joint 2. Body squarish, thick, all pale yel-
lowish. Hair short, bristly, blackish tipped in wart i + ii, softer subven-
trally; some long hairs extending over the head. With growth all the
warts become light vinous red except those on joint 7, which are con-
colorous, and on joint g where only the upper wart is red.

Stage IV. Yellowish, cervical shield and three upper warts purple brown
except the warts on joint 7 and the second and third on g. which are pale
vinous. Hair very short. stiff, but on joints 3 and 13 are some long ones.
Feet short. Lateral and subventral regions less yellow than the dorsum.

Stage V. Yellow to the lateral warts, the incisures greenish. Four
rows of warts and shield black with short stiff hairs, a few long white ones
from the ends.

Stage VI. No change. I am not absolutely certain whether there are
five or six stages Spiracle on joint 5 moved upward. A small area
around the spiracles on joints 6 and 11, incising the third wart of those
segments, is white and eversible. Head strongly retracted. Hairs pointed,
subspicular or nearly smooth with clear bulbs at the extreme base. Skin
with fine, clear granules, not quite contiguous. Segments pigmented with
yellow centrally, transparent in the incisures. Cervical shield and four
rows of warts black. Five warts on joints 3 and 4.

Described from larve from Bellport, New York.

Harrisina texana Stretch.

I have referred this as a synonym of americana, but, perhaps,
wrongly. Stretched separated his species on the presence of
another vein (vein 8) in the fore wings. Such specimens are
taken not only in Texas, but in New Jersey and New York, along
with americana, and I thought it to be a case of variation. How-
ever, there are two different forms of larva in our region. Mr.
Doll tells me that the moths from them are ‘‘ just alike,’’ but they
may differ in venation. The following is a description of the
different larva. It occurs on woodbine:

Larva: Head retracted and. concealed within joint 2. Body flattened,
sides nearly perpendicular, with.a distinct substigmatal ridge. Four rows
of low flattened areas, representing warts, granular, and bearing numer-
ous radiating short, fine bristles, and a few longer white hairs from the
extremities. First wart subdorsal, second lateral, third substigmatal, and
fourth obscure above the bases of the legs. The dorsum of joints 3 to 13
is broadly bright yellow, banded between each joint with blackish, and
again across the middle of each, including the warts, with purple brown.
The bands-all join a broad, lateral, purple brown band which runs the
whole length, covers the subventral warts on joints 2 and 3 and the whole
subventral region on 4 and 5. Substigmatal ridge on joints 6 to 13 white,

OF WASHINGTON, 327

as are also the venter and legs, but more greenish tinted, especially just
below the ridge. Thoracic feet brown. Head black, long, shining, the
long antennez brownish; width, about i mm.

Described from larve from Boston, Mass.

Harrisina australis Stretch.

This form occurs in Florida and Missouri. I have it from
Indian River and Enterprise, Florida, and Kirkwood, Missouri.
I have referred it as a southern variety of americana, but it is,
perhaps, referable rather to ¢exana, if that is distinct. A series
were bred at the Department of Agriculture in August, 1892,
under the number 3548, received from Miss Mary Murtfeldt.
The larva, as I see from the notes, was like the woodbine form
described above under fexaxa. ‘Three of the moths are australis,
even the front legs being partly yellow. A fourth has less yellow
below. Another series, bred June, 1888, under the number 158,
from Florida, are australis as to color, but some of them have
veins 8 and 9 of fore wings coincident as in americana. If it
were not for the two kinds of larve, I would not hold these three
forms separate. The matter must be investigated further.

Harrisina metallica Stretch.

I have one specimen from Professor Cockerell, a male. Prof.
Cockerell* thinks that this may be a dimorphic form of the fol-
fowing species, but they differ markedly in the color of the collar,
and I have both sexes of the other species. Therefore, I keep
them separate pending further evidence. |

Harrisina coracina Clemens.

The species is shining greenish black with black collar, shaped
as in americana. The larva has curious transverse bands on
certain of the segments.— Iam of the opinion that neither the
name coraczva Clem. nor zigrina Graef, which has been referred
as a synonym of it, really refer to this species, but that both of
them refer to Gzngla martent French, I have the latter from
Texas, but the present species only from Arizona. I await an
opportunity to examine the type before proposing a new name
for this form. If Prof. Cockerell is right, the name metallica
will cover it.

Genus SETIODES Herrich-Schaeffer.

Setiodes bahamensis Dyar.

This species has not been recorded from North America, but
occurs very close to our shores, and may yet be found in southern
Florida. I have described the larva.t

* Psyche, VIII, p. 120, 1897.
+ Psyche, vit, p. 306, 1895.
tEnt. News, x, p. 100, 1899.

328 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

Genus TRIPROCRIS Grote.
SYNOPSIS OF SPECIES.

1. Black; without yellow Of WOG SNAP Gy ios iis; se tapinsontevicacsax as bass ooSeaneer eas 2

Wings with yello w.Or red THAT KINO: 65.cc Seppe si cuns dec. cew'd de scabs aeaadaavens 3

2. SMIASSt, PRDANSE ES522 WN ce iy cen cod ake ub edetyne eeeeb as eais smithsontanus
Larger, CHBADEC OO ING: sracssathtetccs cen bol bh asaehssnpsen bess rousd tavcnne ri aversus

Largest, CXPanSes33 MM... cescnesese celsecce tectensences scecscenesen recess lustrans

SiFOre Wine IAT RELY TRG cc) <covescncestansaces sesbsnetal Qecensnebens nudagenss ree constuns

POFe WISE TAIPely VOUOW) cc cccctass crs tedutcebesenca’ season toes toeneed veeee SUNCLA

[ desertus |

Triprocris smithsonianus Clemens.
Not uncommon in the Rocky Mountain region, Colorado and
Arizona. I have described the larva on Ad/zonia nyctaginea.*

' Triprocris aversus Hy. Edwards.

This species is not before me, and may not be correctly referred
generically. It was described from Mexico, but recorded from
Arizona from specimens in the collection of Dr. Barnes, I believe.

Triprocris lustrans Beutenmiiller.

Very similar to smzthsonianus, but much larger and differing
in venation. In smzthsonzanus, veins 8 and g of fore wings are
coincident, 10 separate. In dustrans, 10 is stalked with 8 + 9.
I have a specimen that I got from Mr. Oslar, collected in Colo-
rado, and another from Tlalpam, near Mexico City, Mexico,
from Mr. R. H. Hay.

Triprocris constans Hy. Edwards.
This is not before me, but is presumably referable to this genus.

Triprocris sancta Neumoegen & Dyar.

I have specimens from Fort Grant (Hubbard), Chiricahua Mts.
(Hubbard), and Bright Angel, Arizona (Schwarz and Barber),
the latter taken between June 17 and July 20.

Triprocris desertus Hy. Edwards.
Described as a Lycomorpha (Syntomide) and the types are

lost. I include the name only so as not to lose sight of it pend-
ing the discovery of more specimens.

Genus ADSCITA Retzius.
SYNOPSIS OF SPECIES.

Fore wings marked with ocherous yellow... ...cc0.sc00: esses seseee soveee seeees PALA
Fore svings marked: with redins:s vias sccsavib bas esesavccebbooas bidacuinnensbas 2 latercula

Adscita rata Hy. Edwards.

My specimens are all labelled ‘‘Ariz.”, without exact localities
or dates.

*Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., v, p. 33, 1902.

OF WASHINGTON. 329

Adscita latercula Hy. Edwards.
I have a series from Chiricahua Mts., Arizona (Hubbard). No
larve are known in this genus in America.

Genus PYROMORPHA Herrich-Schaeffer.
SYNOPSIS OF SPECIES.
Costal yellow patch of fore wings large, no yellow on hind wings,
dimidiata
Costal yellow patch small, a yellow patch at base of hind wings,
centralts
Pyromorpha dimidiata Herrich-Schaeffer.

The species occurs in dry oak woods in the Eastern States.
The larva feeds on dead leaves under which it lives. I have de-
scribed it.*
Pyromorpha centralis Walker.

No specimen is before me, the record as North American being
made doubtfully from a specimen which Dr. Barnes has, said to
come from Florida. The species is Mexican.

Genus GINGLA Walker.
SYNOPSIS OF SPECIES.

Fe Mi ET ASE WIRE Mae piss see en Ohueas Mies ev acm duck sbhevnads chkepkera hate pcayen.? \ adengdumenuce ce aes Ooh 2
MV MERI VEG: ORALLY oiuis sc inees 46400 sh qkad ty 605) cc cevesokSabancens cansil geen ben latercule
By HODY DIRGM iasovecndtse wanes eased opened sudand tecceduaneay Uuddues based edbvas enynne martent
Thorax above and abdomen at sides OCherous..... 0... cecsecceneeeceese /USCO

Gingla marteni French.

I have this form from Texas and Arizona. The larva is un-
known. The earliest name will probably prove to be coracina,
as I state above. The moths have veins 8 and 9 of fore wings
shortly stalked.

Gingla fusca Hy. Edwards.

I have but one specimen. It has veins $8 and 9 of fore wings
separate, but approximate at base.
Gingla laterculz Dyar.

One type is before me. It has veins S and g of fore wings co-
incident.

—The following papers were submitted for publication :

NOTES ON THE ORTHOPTERA OF BERMUDA WITH THE
DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES.

By A. N. CaupDELt.

This article is the result of a perusal of that portion of Prof.
Verrill’s recent workf treating of the Orthoptera of Bermuda.

* Psyche, vill, p. 128, 1897.
+‘* The Bermuda Islands, an Account of their Scenery, &c.,” S8vo, New
Ilaven, 1902.

330 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

It is to be regretted that the latter was not submitted in manu
script for approval to a specialist, as was evidently done in certain
other orders. The nomenclature is not recent, and at least two
recorded species are omitted. The following notes are submitted
as corrections and additions to Prof. Verrill’s article:

Stenobothrus maculipennis Scudder.
This species belongs to the genus Orphuded/a, and is a synonym
of O. pelidna Burm.

Stenobothrus bilineatus Scudder.
This species is also a member of the genus Orphulella, and is
synonymous with O. sfectosa Scudd.

Orphulella olivaceus Morse.
This species is not mentioned in Prof. Verrill’s work, but is
recorded as occurring in Bermuda by Prof. Scudder.*

Schistocerca americana Drury.

This handsome insect has apparently never been recorded from
the islands, and Prof. Verrill seems not to have met with it. The
National Museum contains two female specimens bearing the
label *‘ Bermuda I,” but no collector or date. This appears to
be the only representative of the Acridiinz thus far taken on the
islands.

Conocephalus dissimilis Serville.
This is a synonym of C. ¢réops Linnzus.

Conocephalus fuscostriatus Redtenbacher.
This species has been recorded by Prof. Scudder,f as having
been taken on the islands by C. M. Weed.

Orchelimum vulgare Harris.
This species appears in Scudder’s Catalogue as a synonym of
O. agile DeG.

Gryllus bermudensis, n. sp.

General color testaceous with lighter markings. Head moderately
prominent, as wide as the thorax; eyes piceous, and a similarly colored
band across the occiput. From each end of this transverse bar a fuscous
stripe extends back to the posterior border of the head. The sides of the
head and the greater portion of the face is light yellowish. Thorax one and
one-half times as broad as long, light testaceous with quite uniform infusca-
tion on each side of the center above and on the posterior portion of the
upper half of the lateral lobes, which are strongly inflexed posteriorly.
This inflexion of the posterior portion of the lateral lobes and the infusca-
tion of the upper part seems quite constant, being present in the immature
specimens as well as in the adult. Elytra not quite reaching the tip of

* Psyche, VIII, p. 43, 1897, and Can. Ent., xxx1, p. 187, 1899.
+ Psyche, viil, p. 43, 1897.

OF WASHINGTON. 331

the abdomen, testaceous, the veins of the lateral field and the dividing
vein lighter. Wings of the samelength as the tegmina. Abdomen almost
black, cerci lighter. Ovipositor piceous, longer than the posterior femora.
Legs testaceous, immaculate.

Length, exclusive of the ovipositor, 22 mm,; pronotum, 5 mm.; pos-
terior femora, 14 mm.; ovipositor, 16 mm.; width of thorax, 7.5 mm.

One female, adult; two males, immature.

Type.—No. 6S1g9, U. S. National Museum.

These specimens bear only the locality label. The species
seems somewhat allied to G. personatus Uhl., but the color is
much darker and the lateral lobes are more strongly inflexed pos-
teriorly. The markings also are somewhat different. It is also
allied to G. domesticus Linn., but it is decidedly larger and darker
than any specimen of that species that I have seen.

Prof. Scudder* mentions a species of Gryllus, taken by Weed
in Bermuda, as presumably new ; but it has never been described
and may be the one here described, or it may be either G. abére-
viatus or pennsylvanicus.

Periplaneta americana Linneus.

Prof. Verrill’s figure 198 is certainly not that of this species, as
both sexes of americana have the wings extending beyond the
tip of the abdomen.

-

Stylopyga orientalis Linnezus. |

This species belongs to the genus S/atia, of which it is the
type.
Panchlora surinamensis Linnzus.

This belongs to and is the type of Brunner’s genus Leucophea.

Panchlora madere Olivier.
This species has been removed from Paxchlora by Dr. Krauss,
and forms the type of his genus AhAyparodbza.

Ectobia germanica Linnezus.

This belongs to my recently established genus B/atte//at, which
replaces the preoccupied genus Phyllodromia of Serville. Ger-
mantca is the type of the genus.

ON THE CICINDELIDA OF SOUTHERN VENEZUELA,
COLLECTED BY EDWARD A. KLAGES, 1898-1900.

By Dr. WaLtuer Horn, M. D., Berlin, Germany.

In the collection made by Edward A. Klages in the southern
parts of Venezuela the family Cicindelida is represented by not
less than 16 species and one variety. The new species of 7e-

* Psyche, VII, p. 43, 1897.
+ Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., v, p. 234, 1903.

332 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

tracha I describe here is the most wonderful form known till
now, standing quite alone in the genus.

Tetracha (Phzoxantha) klugi Chd.
One specimen only. Attracted by the light in the tent at Ciu-
dad Bolivar in early June.

Tetracha (Phzoxantha) equinoctialis Dej.

This very active beetle, whose ground color is like the sand
upon which it is found, was taken along the margin of a stream
near Ciudad Bolivar during May, June, and November. The
elytra are less punctured than in the Amazonian specimens, and
the vertex is yellow-brown. I cannot distinguish this species
from 7. 4zfasctata Brll., which I consider but a variety of the
former.

Tetracha klagesi, sp. nov.

Species mirabilis valde singularis, novam sectionem in genere consti-
tuens!

Tetr. oxychilo¢di m. paullulum affinis, valde major tota cyanea; pectoris
medio abdominisque apice nigricantibus; capite minore, fronte prono-
toque subtilissime alutaceis (opacis), impressionibus 2 interocularibus
(discoidalibus) levissimis; mandibulis et labro nigris, hoc paullo latiore
antice recte truncato bidentato, dentibus brevibus ; antennis valde longiori-
bus, sed brevioribus quam in Phzoxanthe specibus, articulis 4 primis
nigris. Prothorace longiore angustioreque quam in Pk. egutnoctialé
Dej., angulis anticis paullo minus productis, sulcis pronotalibus profun-
dioribus (levioribus quam in Ze?¢r. oxychilotd? m.)—fereutin Ph. cructata
Brll.—margine laterali ipso breviter reflexo (non serrulato), prothorace
pone sulcum apicalem et ante sulcum basalem magis constricto (ut margo

magis sinuatus videatur) quam in Ph. eguinoctialz Dej., angulis posticis
applanato-rotundatis magisque prominulis. Elytris fere ut in 7. oxych?-
lZotdi m., marginem versus pauilo minus declivibus, crista marginali(quinta
parte humerali et apicali excepta) sat late applanato-reflexa, apice singulo
paullo magis prolongato sed latius rotundato-truncato, humeris minus
prominulis, superficie tota immaculata modice splendente, densius sculpta,
epipleuris convexioribus; impressionibus anteapicalibus elytrorum valde
evidentioribus anticemque versus prolongatis. Pedibus longioribus; tro-
chanteribus femoribusque rufo-brunnescentibus, horum apice modice late
nigro-annulato; tibiis testaceis (subtus nigro—aut brunneo—lineatis: ex-
tremo apice basique angustissime obscuratis); tarsis brunneo-nigricanti-
bus, articulis hinc inde—presertium maxima parte superficiei articuli
primi—dilutioribus; palpis testaceis. Long. 20-22 mm., sine labro.

12,0's'. This regal species occurs in the Parima Mountains,
and was discovered running along the borders of a small stream
at dusk. It runs in a zigzag course with marvelous rapidity—
exceeding that of its nearest kin—and makes its appearance only
after sunset. Found in May and early June at an elevation of

OF WASHINGTON, 333

2,500 to 3,000 feet. It gives me great pleasure to dedicate this
beautiful beetle to my friend Mr. Klages, especially as the hard-
ships resulting from the trip to‘its habitat nearly-cost his life, and
it is the best of the few things taken there.

Tetracha lacordairei Gory.
One specimen taken while digging ina cornfield near Ciudad
Bolivar about the middle of June.

Tetracha affinis Dej., var. smaragdina Thms. ;
Found on sandy roads quite distant from any water. At Ciu-
dad Bolivar during June and July @ and at pvapate? in May and

July.

Tetracha sobrina Dej.: ., var. Sommeri Chd.

Found in damp places:along the wees of a stream near Ciu-
dad Bolivar in May and June.

This species is one of the most vaxiibhs of the genus! Only
‘¢ oeniculata Chev.” and ‘‘ ¢gnea Bat.” are now noted in the cata-
logues as varieties of Zetr. sobrina Dej.; but after a careful study

of the relationships of the ‘‘ closely allied” forms, I now believe
that the following are but varieties of the same species :

Tetr. eobring Dej. subspecies punctata Cast.

us confusa Chaud.
as infuscata Mann.
‘¢ longipennis Chaud. :

As regards 7. Chevrolati Chaud., it is quite distinct from
subsp. ¢zfuscata Mann. and belongs to the varieties of 7. caro-
Jina L., as does subsp. chzliensis Brill. and var. Leér evllet Cast.,

var. eplendcda Dokht., etc.

Tetracha mellyi Chaud.*
Found on the dry, sandy borders of a stream near Ciudad Boli-
var during May and June, and occasionally came in to the light.
Some of the latter show a coppery coloration somewhat like in
7. fulgida Klug, and have the last two abdominal segments
with the border of the preceding two yellow. The sixth ventral
segment is emarginate in the o', but the emargination is not
rounded in’ front as it is in the commoner variation, which also
differs in having the last four ventral segments pale yellow.

Cicindela suturalis F., var. helvza Klug. :

A very active species found during the hottest hours af the day
along the sandy margin of a stream near Ciudad Bolivar from
March to the middle of June:

*T am not bc aolee sure a if this er is ‘eally only one of the varieties of
T. fulgida Klug. In regard to the sculpture of the elytra, it may prove to
be a separate species.

334 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

Cicindela argentata F.

Found in the jungle, and occasionally flew in to the light at
night during May, June, July, August, November, and December
at Ciudad Bolivar.

Cicindela argentata F., var. pallipes Fet.
A single specimen came in to the light in early June near Ciu-
dad Bolivar.

Cicindela affinis W. Horn.

One specimen was taken at light near Ciudad Bolivar in early
June, but a number were found on the clayey bank of the river at
Suapure during June and July.

Prepusa ventralis Dej.
This came in to the light near Ciudad Bolivar in early June.
It is likely an inhabitant of the jungle.

Pentacomia egregria Chaud.
_ One specimen taken at midday on a clayey bank a fourth of a
mile from the forest at Suapure in June.

Odontochila cayennensis F.
Found at Suapure in March, April, May, June, and Decem-
ber; also in the Parima Mountains up to 3,000 feet.

Odontochila confusa Dej.
Suapure, May and June.

Odontochila margineguttata Dej.

Suapure, March, April, May, June, August, and December.
O. rugatula Bat., described as a distinct species from the Ama-
zons, is but a slight variation of it.

Odontochila lacordairei Gory.

Suapure, April, May, June, and November,

All the species of Odontochila were found running about in
the shade of the virgin forest where there was but little under-
growth. Their habits are quite similar, excepting that cayev-
nensts F. would occasionally, upon being disturbed, seek tempo- .
rary refuge by flying onto foliage, but never more than a few feet
above ground. The several species are quite wary and, on ac-
count of their dark colors, are not conspicuous objects among the
dead leaves which carpet the ground throughout the forest, out-
side of which none of these species were ever met with.

i

tN D EOS.

Acalla nigrolineata, 127.

Acoloithus, table of species, 324; falsarius,
larva of, 325.

Acronycta hamamelis Guenée, to what spe-
cies should the name be applied ? 13.

- Adalia bipunctata feeding on Chilocorus

larve, 133.

Address of the President for 1901, 61;
1902, 167.

Adela ridingsella, 217.

Adscita, table of species, 328,

Aédes fuscus, 145; smithii, 51, 52.

Agenia xanthopus, 178.

Alaska, notes on the Harriman expedition, 5.

Alimentary canal of lepidopterous larvae, 72.

Amydria effrenatella, 186.

Anabolina n. g., 244; diversa n. sp. 244,

Anabrus purpurascens, 33.

Anaphora arcanella, 187;
186; popeanella, 187.

Anarsia pruinella, 202.

Andrena injurious to grass, 102.

Anesychia sparsiciliella, 218.

Anopheles argyritarsis, 100; crucians, 46;
maculipennis, 46, 141; punctipennis, 46,
141; rossii, 119; sinensis, 114.

Anorthosia punctipennella, 198.

Anthalia flava n. sp., 268; stigmalis n. sp.,
268.

Anthonomus grandis, 289.

Anthroceridx, review of the N. A. species of,
322; table of genera, 324.

Antispila cornifoliella, 198; isabella, 204;
nyssefoliella, 198 ; splendorifotiela, 198.

Apachya, 85, 86.

Apiomerus crassipes, 152.

Apis mellifica, 45; parthenogenesis in, 10.

Apteronina schmittii, 32.

Arachnida, secondary sexual characters in,
104,

Arachnis dilecta Boisd_, note on, 94.

Argopistes scyrtoides, larval habits of, 137.

Argyresthia orcasella, 196.

Arizona, list of Lepidoptera taken at Will-
jams, 223; Myrmeleonide from, 272;
Odonata from, 298 ; Neuropteroid insects
from, 237; new or unrecorded Orthop-
tera from, 165 ; Mosquitoes in, 160.

for

plumifrontella,

Ashmead, Dr. Wm. H.: Some new genera in
the Cynipoidea, 221; Myrmecosalius, a
new genus in the Oeropalide, 307; Shor-
ter communications, 5, 53, 8, 94, 284,
285, 321.

Asiatic ladybird, 133; Chalcidid parasite of,
138.

Asilus (?) eggs on twigs in Arizona, 33.

Aspidiotus perniciosus, original home of,
101; color variation in, 161; smilacis,
10. :

Aspidisca lucifiuella, 204.
Atypus abboti, 290.
Automeris io, 181.

meee plagiatus, 40.

we Balaninus rectus, 1.

Banks, Nathan: Secondary sexual characters
in spiders, 104; New Smynthuride from
the District of Columbia, 154; Notes on
Brachynemuri of the B. ferox group,
173; Neuropteroid insects from Arizona,
237; Note on Ceria willistonii Kahl, 310 ;
Shorter communications, 290, 310.

Batrachedra salicipomonella, 220.

Bedellia staintoniella, 197.

Belonochilus numenius, notes on, 11. 40.

Benton, Frank, communications by, 10, 45,
101.

Bermuda, notes on the Orthoptera of, 329.

Blatta orientalis, the type of the genus, 233;
germanica, 234.

Blatella n. n., 234.

Blattide, notes on the nomenclature of, 232.

Boophilus bovis, 60.

Boreodromia n, g., 247, 260.

Brachiloma uripunctella, 214,

Brachynemurus, species of the B. ferox
group, 173; table of species, 174; assim-
ilis n. sp., 174; barberi n. sp. 282; deli-
catulus n. sp., 279; dissimilis n, sp., 175;
hubbardii var. nubeculipennis n. var.,
277; intermedius n. sp., 283; pallidus G';
278; schwarzi n. sp., 280; singularis n.
sp., 284; texanus n. sp., 175; yavapai n.
sp. 281.

Brackenridgia n. g., 193.

a

336

Brenthia inflatella, 210; pavonacella, 203;
virginiella, 219.

Brenthis, synopsis of N. A. species, 129.

Bucculatrix agnella, 205; coronatella, 198;
pomifoliella, 205; trifasciella, 220.

Bumelia lanuginosa, Lepidoptera feeding on,
127.

Busck, August: Notes on Brackenridge Clem-
ens’ types of Tineina, 181; Dimorphism
in the codling moth (Cydia simpsonii n.

152.

Calidota zella n. sp., 291.

Californian fruit worm, note on a, 104.

Callima argenticinctella, 201.

Calosoma larva, 6.

Callirhytis, galls of, 152.

Callizzia amorata, life history of, 131.

Carneades perexcellens var. riversii n. var.,
137,

Carpocapsa pomonella, 8%, 235.

Catastega aceriella, 128 ; hamameliella, 128 ;
timidella, 128.

Caitle ticks of North America, 60.

Caudell, A. N.: Some insects from the sum-
mit of Pike’s Peak, found on snow, 74;
Some new or unrecorded Orthoptera
from Ar’ zona, 162; Notes on the nomen-
clature of Blattide, 232; Notes on the
Orthoptera of Bermuda with the descrip-
tion of a new species, 329; Shorter com-
munications, 1, 5,6, 9, 31, 73, 135,

Centipedes poisonous nature of, 110.

_—~“ Cerambycid, egg-masses of, 135,

Ceratopogon varicolor, pupa of, 58.

Ceria willistonii, note on, 310.

Ceylon, Mosquitoes found in, 12].

Chalcidid parasite of Asiatic ladybird, 138.

Chailcidoidea, notes on some South American,
94.

Chapin, F. E., communication by, 5.

Chauliodes filicornis n. sp., 238.

Chauliodus (?) canicinctella, 215.

Chesiadodes bidisata n. sp , 226.

Chestnut weevil, 1.

__-~~ Chilocorus similis, 56,133; Chalcidid para-

‘ gite of, 138; characteristics of larva, 103.

Chimarrha angustipennis n. sp., 242.

China the home of San José scale, 101; Mos-
quitoes found in, 116.

Ohionobas, synoptic table of N. A. species,
42; katahdin, 41, 97.

Chironomus larve found in salt water, 60;
anonymous, early stages of, 57; modes-
tus, early stages of, 57.

Chrysocoris erythriella, 203.

“F

INDEX.

Chrysomelid larve, notes upon the structure
and classification of. 21.

Chrysopa larve feeding on Coccinellid larvee,
134.

Cicada septendecim, feeding habit of, 123;
notes on, in the District of Columbia in
1902, 124; near Baltimore, Md., 159;
early record of, 126; turrets made by
pupe, 159; var. cassinii, 159.

Cicada tibicen, fall brood of, 136.

var.), 235; Shorter communications, 102, DP scopes rectilatera, notes on habits, 108;

striga, mode of occurrence, 110.

Cicindelidz, observations on the habits of

two Texan species, 108; of southern
Venezuela, 331.

Classification of N A. Lepidoptera, progress
in, 167.

Clemens’ types of Tineina, 181.
Clisiocampa, a new form of, from Colorado,
38; fragilis, 77, 82; tigris n. sp., 39.
Codling moth, notes on life history of, 83;

dimorphism in, 235,

Coleophora cenosipennella, 192; concolor-
ella, 210; coruscipennella, 192; crati-
pennella, 219; cretaticostella, 192; in-
fuscatella, 192; laticornella, 192; leuco-
chrysella, 210; rosacella, 217; rosefoli-
ella, 217.

Coleoptera found among Liometopon, 32;

_-—~ from tropical Florida, 39; from Cuba,

286,

Coloboneura nana n, sp., 267.

Cook, O. F.: Evolutionary inferences from
the Diplopoda, 14; The Earwig's forceps
and the phylogeny of insects, 84; Shor-
ter communication, 73.

Coquillett, D. W.: The genera of the dipte-
rous family Empidide, with notes and
new species, 245.

Cosila chinensis, 178.

Cosmiotes illectella, 197; maculoscella, 197;
madarella, 197.

Cosmopteryx gemmiferella, 197.

Crambus offectalis Hulst, note on, 285.

__-€riocephalus, egg-masses attributed to, 135,

Cryptolechia obsoletella, larva of, 206.

Cryptophyllaspis liquidambaris n. sp., 149.

Cuba, a letter from, 286. -

Culex atropalpus, 144, 146; canadensis, 141,
146; early hatching of eggs, 290; cantans,
47, 141; consobrinus, 160; dyari, 143,
146; incidens, 160; jamaicensis, 146;
melanurus, 143, 146; nigritulus, 145;
perturbans, 144; pipiens, 48, 60, 122, 142,
144, 146; pungens, 31; restuans, 144,
146; sinensis var vanus, 47; sollicitans,
47, 52,144, 146: subalbatus, 117; sylves-

al

INDEX.

tris, 142, 146; teniorhynchus, 48, 146;
territans, 48, 142, 145; triseriatus, 143;
eggs of, 152.

Culicids from Long Island, N. Y.,45; in New
Hampshire, 140; in Oriental countries,
111; notes on, 12, 31; transmitting
dengue fever, 100; structure of mentum
in larve, 163; synoptic tables of larve,
51, 145.

Currie, Rolla P.: Myrmeleonide from Ari-
zona, 272; The Odonata collected by
Messrs. Schwarz and Barber in Arizona
and New Mexico, 298.

Cycloplasis panicifoliella, 217.

Cydia pomonella var simpsonii D. var. , 235.

OCynipid oak gall, nutritive quality of, 151.

Cynipoidea, some new genera in, 221.

Cyprian honey bee, 45.

Dasycera newmanella, 218.

Dendroctonus, some notes on the genus, 3;
approximatus, 32.

Dendrolimus pini, outbreak of in Norway,
289.

Depressaria atrodorsella, 214; cinereocostella,
217; lecontella, 204; pulvipennella, 217.

Dermacentor, American species of, 60.

Diachorisia velatella, 198,

Diaditus pictipes, occurrence of in U. 8., 102.

Diaspine scale, the first N. A. leaf-gall, 149.

Diaspis pentagona, 5.

Dicyrtoma frontalis n. sp., 154.

Dimorphism in the Codling moth, 235,

Dinardilla liometopi, 32.

Diplopoda, evolutionary inferences from, 14.

Diplosis galls in pine twigs, 309.

Diptera, illustrations of the early stages of
some, 56.

Dixa centralis, larval habits of, 136, 137.

Dorcus parallelus covered with Gamasid
mites, 102.

Dyar, Dr. Harrison G.: A Review of the spe-
cies of Haploa, 6; to what species rhould
the name Acronycta hamamelis Guenée
be applied? 13; Description of the larva
of Triprocris smithonianus Clemens, 33;
A new form of Clisiocampa from Colo-
rado, 38; Synoptic table of the North
American species of Chionobas, 42; A
Lepidopterous larva on a leaf-hopper,
43; Not«son Mosquitoes on Long Island,
N. Y.,45; Illustrations of the early stages
of some Diptera, 56; Annual Address of
the President for 1901: The col'ection of
Lepidoptera in the National Museum,
61; Lepidoptera found on snow on Pike’s
Peak, 77;

’

Note on Arachnis dilecta ~

; 337

Boisd., 94; Note on a Californian Fruit-
worm, 104; Synopsis of the North Amer-
ican species of Erebia, 129; Synopsis of
the North American species of Brenthis,
130; The Life history of a second Epip-
lemid (Calizzia amorata Pack.),131; Notes
on Mosquitoes in New Hampshire, 140;
Annual Address of the President for 1902:
Some recent work in North American
Lepidoptera, 167; A new genus and spe-
cies ‘of Geometridz, 178; Note on the
North American white-marked species of
Eucosma, 179; List of the Lepidoptera
taken at Williams, Arizona, by Messrs.
Schwarz and Barber—I. Papilionoidea,
Sphingoidea, Bombycoidea, Tineioidea
{in part), 223; Note on Crambus offec-
talis Hulst and allied forms, 285; New
North American Lepidoptera with notes
on larve, 290; A Note on Pyrausta ocho-
sajis Fitch MS., 305; Note on a wrongly
identified species of Tortricid# (Phthin-
olophus indentanus n. g. and sp.), 306;
A Review of the North American species
of the Jepidopterous family Anthroceri-
dx, 322; Shorter communications, 10, 41,
127, 128, 1386, 137, 152, 153, 160, 180, 290,
305.
Dyscritina, 87.

Earwigs, forceps of, 84.
Eciton inquilines and messmates, 133, 308,
Elachista brachyelytrifoliella, 217; (2) ori-
chalcella, 219; prematurella, 203.
Empidide, the genera of the dipterous fam-
ily, 245; table of genera, 259, :
Empis brunnea 2. sp., 270; exilis n. sp., 269;
frontalis,n. sp., 271; birtipes n. sp., 270 ;
scoparia n. sp., 270; squamipes n. sp.,
270; tenebrosa n, sp., 270.
Encoptolophus subgracilis n. sp., 163.
Endrosis kennicottella, 200.

' Enicostoma packardella, 214.

Entomology in Europe, 162.

Entomological Society of Washington: Elec-
tion of Officers for 1901, 1,; for 1902, 53;
for 1903, 167; List of members, iii.

Epinotia favillana n. sp , 230; (?) cornutana
n. sp , 231,

Epiplemid, life history of a second, 131.
Epipyrops barberiana n. sp., 48; sp. from
Japan, food of larva, 181.
Ereb‘a, synopsis of N. A. ave 129; vid-
leri, 128.
rineophilus n. g., 34; vchwnet n. sp., 3
Eritettix simp'ex, 185,

338

Eucosma, note on the N. A. white-marked
species of, 179; table of species, 179;
cercocarpana 0. sp., 297; (?) edemoidana
n. sp., 229; gilletteana n. sp., 229; opti-
manan.sp ,180; pulsatillana n. sp., 297.

Eudarcia simulatricella, 197.

Eudryas gloveri, work of larva, 5.

Euerythra phasma, 127.

Eulasonia comstockiella, 128.

Europe, Entomology in, 162.

Eutermes, woody balls found in nests of, 152.

Evagora apicitripunctella, 200.

Evetria neomexicana n, sp., 286.

Exochomus piagiatus, 40; tripustulatus, 41.

Florida, Coleoptera from tropical, 39.

Forficulidsx, forceps of, 84.

Fulgoride infested by Epipyrops larve, 43,
181.

Gamasid mites covering a Lucanid beetle,
102.

Gelechia agrimoniella, 199 ; angustipennella,
212; apicilinella, 212; brumella, 216;
cerealella, 198; detersella, 200; flexu-
rella, 199; flavocostella, 199; fungivor-
ella, 219; fuscopunctella, 211; gallegen-
itella, 216; gilvomaculella, 211; labrado-
riella, 211; longifasciella, 211; medio-
fuscella, 211; mimella, 199; nigrato-
mella, 211; (?) ornatifimbriella, 216;
pallifimbriella, 212; rhojfructella, 199;
roseosuffusella, 199; rubidella, 199; sali-
cifungiella, 220.

Geometridx, a new genus and species of, 178.

Gill, Dr. Th, N., communication by, 10.

Gingla, table of species, 329.

Glyphipteryx impigritella, 211.

Gracilaria blandella, 219; fulgidella, 195;
strigifinitella, 195; superbifrontella, 194;
venustella, 195; violacella, 196.

Graphiphora oviducta, early stages of, 293,

Greya n. g., 194.

Gryllus bermudensis n. sp., 330.

Gypsy moth, hermaphrodite specimen of, 93.

Hamadryas bassettella, 217.

Haploa, review ‘of the species, 6; harrisii n.
var.,8; lymanin, var.,9; smithiin. var.,
8. .

Harriman expedition to Alaska, notes on, 5.

Harrisina, table of species, 325; americana-
larva of, 325; australis, 327; coracina,
827; metallica, 327; texana, larva of, 326.

Heidemann, O.: Notes on Belonochilus nu-
menius Say, 11; Hemiptera found on
snow on Pike’s Peak, 80; Kemarks on

AO

INDEX:

Ligyrocoris constrictus Sayrand descrip-
tion of Perigenes fallax, a new species,
155; Shorter communications, 32, 40, 73,
102, 135, 152, 309.

Hemerobius barberi n. sp., 241; schwarzi n.
sp., 241; unbratus n. sp., 242,

Hemileuca electra, larva of, 305,

Heterochordeuma, 73.

Hofmann collection of Microlepidoptera, 10,
65.

Holcocera chalcofrontella, 212; gilbociliella,
213; modestella, 213; purpurocomella,
213,

Holland, Dr. W. J , communication by, 290.

Homceosoma elongellum n. sp. , 227.

Homolotylus obscurus, 138,

Homopyralis monodia n. sp., 295; larva of,
295.

Homosetia costisignella, 215;
tella, 215.

Honey bee, 10,45; Cyprian, 45.

Hopkins, Dr. A. D.: Some Notes on the
genus Dendroctonus (author’s abstract),
3; Anew genus of Scolytids from Flor-
ida, 34; Shorter communications, 2, 135,
136, 150, 289, 309

Horn, Dr. Walther: On the Cicindelidw of
southern Venezuela, collected by Edward

_ A. Klages, 1898-1900, 331.

Howard, Dr. L. O.: Outline sketch of a long
trip (abstract), 54; On the status of the
Chalcidid, Syntomosphyrum esurum
Riley, 138; Shorter communications, 5,
12, 20, 31, 40, 100, 162, 308.

Hulstina n. g., 178; terlineata n. sp., 178.

Hunter, W. D., communication by, 10.

Hybroma servulella, 210,

Hydropsyche, photographing nets of, 93;
divisa n. sp., 244.

tricingula-

--Hylesinus, work of in red fir, 136.

Hymenoptera from Japan in U. 8. National
Museum, 304,

Hyponomeuta multipunctella, 197,

Hypsoropha mouilis, larva of, 291.

Incurvaria acerifoliella, 193; labradorella,
216; mediostriatella, 220; russatella, 192.

Insects, phylogeny of, 84; sense of sight in,

6; favoring particular sides of plants,
135; found in nests of Eciton, 133; from
Cuba, 286; found on snow on Pike’s
Peak, 74; collection of, in Carnegie Mu-
seum, 290; in the U. S. National Mu-

seum, 61, 304; predaceous, occasionally .

harmful, 133; trapped by lights, 20;
larve of, mode of preparing, 31; photo-

SHES eae

INDEX.

graphic prints showing venation of wings
of, 93; changing preoccupied generic
names, 234.

Io moth larva, photograph of section of
eversible gland, 181.

Ischnogaster sp., 285.

Ischnura barberi n. sp., 302.

Issus sp. infested by Epipyrops larva, 43.

Ixodidex of N. A., 60

Japan, Mosquitoes collected in, 112; Hyme-
noptera from, 304.

Java, Mosquitoes collected in, 118.

Johnson, W. G., communication by, 2.

Katahdin, Mt., Lepidoptera from, 96.

Kiefferiella n. n., 221.

Kotinsky,J.: The first North American Leaf-
gall Diaspine, 149; Shorter communica-
tions, 5, 10, 53, 93, 103,

Krug, Dr. W. H.: Analysis of a Cynipidous
oak gall, 151.

Lamprempis setigera n. sp., 272.

Lathrodectus mactans, 55.

Latindia schwarzi n. sp., 165.

Laverna eloisella, 203; luciferella, 202.

Lepidoptera, Some recent work in North
American, 167; New North American,
290; Collection of in the National Mu-
seum, 61; The Hofmann collection
bought by the National Museum, 10, 65;
List of taken at Williams, Arizona, 223;
from Mt. Katahdin, Me., 96.

Lepidopterous larve, Alimentary canal of,
72; feeding on Bumelia lanuginosa, 127;
infesting a Leaf-hopper, 43 ; photographs
of, 153.

Lepipolys perscripta, larva of, 292.

Lepisesia vega, n. sp., 291.

Leucanthiza amphicarpeefoliella, 191,

Lights, insects trapped by, 20.

Ligurotettix hunzei n. sp., 162.

Ligyrocoris constrictus Say, remarks on, 155.

Limnephilus indivisus, 98.

Liometopon, coleopterous inquilines of, 32.

Lithocolletis aceriella, 189; wriferella, 18
argentifimbriella, 183; argentinotella:

339

Lyonetia speculella, 209.

Machimia tentoriferella, 205,

Macroergates, 53.

Maricopa lustrella n. sp., 227.

Marlatt, C. L.: Collecting Notes on Mosqui-
toes in Oriental countries, 111 ; Notes on
the Periodical Cicada in the District of
Columbia in 1902, 124; An early record
of the Periodical Cicada, 126; A Chalcidid
parasite of the Asiatic Ladybird, 138 ;
Shorter communications, 133, 136, 161.

Marmara salictella, 210 ; peculiar cocoon of,
102

Megalomus latus n. sp., 240.

Megarhinus portoricensis, 290; rutilus, 290.

Melanoplus yarrowii, 7.

Menesta tortriciformella, 207.

Mermis parasitic on Pheidole, 53.

Merocheta, pore formule of, 18.

Merodon equestris, 10.

Merrick, F. A., communication by, 40.

Metachela n. g., 253, 263.

Mexico, entomological observations in, 54.

Microcentrum, egg-masses of a Mexican, 55.

Microphorus gilvihirtus n. sp., 268; obscu-
rus ND. sp., 268.

Mieza psammitis, 127; larva of, 298.

Milyas cinctus, 53.

Mitchell, J. D.: Observations on the habits
of two Cicindelid, 108.

Morris, E. L., communications by, 20, 33, 74,
160.

Mosquitoes, notes on, 12, 31, 290; in New
Hampshire, 140 ; on Long Island, N. Y.,
45; in Oriental countries, 111; in Ari-
zona, 160; in Ceylon, 121, 122; in China,
116; in Japan, 112; in Java, 118; convey-
ing yellow fever in Brazil, 311; proposed
investigation of along Isthmian canal,
101; synoptic tables of larve, 51, 145;
structure of mentum in larva, 153.

Mutillide, remarks on genera in, 321; super-
stition regarding, 321; bred from Nomia
cells, 102.

7 pe it daca semiflavus, 102.

Myrmecomyia myrmecoides, 310.

190; basistrigella, 188 ; caryzfoliella, 189; _-Myrmecophilous Coleoptera, 32.

crategella, 190; desmodiella, 187; fitch-
ella, 204; guttifinitella, 189; hamadrya-
della, 190; hamameliella n. sp., 189;
lucetiella, 188; lucidicostella, 187; ob-
scuricostella, 188; obstrictella, 189; os-
tryefoliella, 188; robiniella, 187; tubi-
ferella, 204.

Litodonta hydromeli, 127.

Log-cabin builder, 98,

Myrmecosalius n. g., 307; nigriceps n. sp.,
308.

Myrmeleon immaculatus var. occidentalis n.
var. 274.

Myrmeleonidz from Arizona, 272.

_Nemognatha nigripennis, breeding habit of,

137.
Neonympha gemma, 32.
Nepticula bifasciella, 209; fuscotibiella, 209 ;

540 ‘INDEX,

platanella, 209; rubifoliella, 208; sagi- Pine Bombyx, outbreak of in Norway, 289 ;

nella, 220. twigs covered with dipterous galls, 309,
Neuroctenus pseudonemus, 310. Platyptilia marmarodactyla n. sp., 296,
Neuropteroid insects from Arizona, 237. Platythyris oculatana, larva of, 295.
Newcomb, H, H., communications by, 93,96. | Plusiodonta compressipalpis, early stages of,
New Mexico, Odonata from, 298. 292.

Noctua amia n. sp., 224; pyrophiloides var. Plutella limbipennella, 194; mollipedella,

peabodyz n. var., 224. 194; vigilaciella, 194.

Nomia nevadica, (?) injurious to pasture Podagrion, 309.

lands, 102. Peecilocorsis quercicella, 206; reflexella, 207.

Nomia lingulacella, 201. Predaceous insects occasionally harmful, 133.

Nonagria, revision of the Boreal American Prionidus cristatus, 184,
species of, 311; alameda n. sp., 318; Proctotrypids found in Eciton nests, 308.

leta, 318; oblonga, 315; subflava, 316. Projapyx, 88.

Promiomera n. g., 221.
Oak gall, nutritive quality of, 151. Provespa doryloides, 285.
Odonata from Arizona and New Mexico, 298, |Psammoleon sinuatus n. sp., 275.
Odontomera ferruginea, 310, Pseudacontia groteana n. sp., 225.
CEcanthus argentinus, 168; fasciatus, 32; Pseudanaphora mora, 40.

niveus, 32. Psocus citricola, mode of hatching of, 103;
CEdalea pruinosa n. sp., 267. conspersus Nn. sp., 237.
(Enectra puritana, food plant of, 296, Pterophorus barberi n. sp., 228; caudelli n.
Opostega albogaleriella, 208. sp. 228.
Ornithodorus megnini, 61. Pyrausta farinalis, 40; ochosalis Fitch MS.,
Ornix boreasella, 215; cratwgifoliella, 196; note on, 305; ochosalis n. sp., 305.

festinella, 196; trepidella, 196. Pyromorpha, table of species, 329.
Orthoptera from Arizona, 162; from Ber-

muda, 329. Quaintance, A. L., communication by, 123.

Raphidia larva from Oregon, 100; minuta,n.

Paracyphony x, 73, sp., 239.
Parasia (?) subsimella, 203. Reed, Major Walter C., U. S. A., Resolutions
Parectopa lespedezefoliella, 205. adopted relative to death of, 157.

Parnassius clodius var. altaurus n. var., 290. petinia neomexicana, 286.
Parthenogenesis in honey bee, 10,

Pergandiella americana, 93. Sanderson, E. Dwight : Notes upon the struc-
Perigenes fallax n. sp., 156. ture and classification of Chrysomelid
Perigonica tertia n. sp., 294. larve, 21.

Periodical Cicada, feeding habit of, in Dis- San José scale, original home of, 54; varia-

trict of Columbia, in 1902, 124; near tion in color, 161.

Baltimore, Md., 159; early record of, - Schinia marginata, larva of, 291.

126; turrets made by pupa, 159. Schwarz, E. A.: A letter from Cuba, 286;
Phalonia unistrigana n. sp., 232. Shorter communications, 32, 33, 39, 40,
Pheidole, worker of, parasitized by Mermis, 102, 110, 135, 137, 161.

53. Scelio sp. found atlaonea to a pelbichesend:

__- Phleosinus n. sp. attacking healthy trees, 308.
135. Scolops, North American species of, 73.

Photographing Hydropsyche nets, 93; of. Scolytids, a new genus of from Florida, 34,
lepidopterous larvx, 153; of gland of Io gf sp. from South Africa, 2.
moth larva, 181. Selys-Longchamps, Baron de, Notice of death

Phthinolophus n. g., 307; indentanus n. sp., of, 4, 10.
307. Sepedon fuscipennis, early stages of, 57.
Phyllocnistis liriodendronella, 212; vitige- Sexual characters, secondary, in spiders, 104.
nella, 191. Sight, sense of in insects, 6
Phylloscelis atra, 135; pallescens, 135. Simpson, O. B.: The Alimentary canal of
Phylogeny of insects, 84, certain Lepidopterous Larve (author’s
Pigritia laticapitella, 203; ochrella, 214; abstract), 72; Notes on the Life-history

ochrocomella, 214. of the Codling Moth (author’s abstract),

INDEX.

83; Photographing nets of Hydropsyche,

93; The Log-cabin builder (Limnephilus
indivisus Walker), 98.

Smith, Dr. J. B.: A Revision of the Boreal-
American species of Nonagria Ochs. ,311;
Shorter communication, 52.

Smynthuridsx, new, from District of Colum-
bia, 154.

Smynthurus facialis n. sp., 154; trilineatus
n. sp., 155.

Solenobia walshella, 209.

Sphictostethus gravesii, 178.

Spiders, secondary sexual characters in, 104.

Stachyocnemus apicalis, 32.

Stegomyia fasciata, 117.

Stenoptila schwarzi n. sp., 228.

Stilbosis tesquella, larva of, 202.

Stiles, Dr. C. W.: The Cattle Ticks of North
America (author’s abstract), 60; Shorter
communications, 74, 100, 157.

Stretchia mys n. sp., 294.

Striaria sp from California, 73.

Strobisia emblemella, 200; iridipennella,
200 ; levipedella, 210.

Surra disease in the Philippines, 74.

Sympetrum rubicundulum, 42, 43.

Syntomosphyrum esurum, 238; hosts of,
139.

Tabanus tropicus, 74.

Tachydromia lata n. sp., 266; varipennis n.
sp. 246.

Tachypeza pruinosa n. sp., 267.

Tanypus dyari, pupa of, 56.

Tenaga pomiliella, 209.

Teras nigrolineata, 127.

Terias nicippe, 5.

Termes flavipes, injury done by, 2; queen Ya

of, 2, 5.

. Tetracha carolina, notes on habits of, 108,
110; klagesii n, sp., 382.

Thiodia stygiana n. sp., 230.

Timema californica, 73.

341

Tinea acapnopennella, 215; biflavimaculella,
184; carnariella, 185; crocicapitella, 184 ;
dorsistrigella, 184; lanariella, 185; nu-
bilipennella, 185; tapetzella, 219; varia-
tella, 186.

Tineina, notes on B. Clemens’ types, 152,
181.

Tisheria citrinipennella, 191; malifoliella,
204; quercitella, 212; solidaginifoliella,
190; zelleriella, 191,

Tortricide, note on a wrongly identified
species of, 306.

Tortrix dorsalana n. sp., 231.

Trichotaphe alacella, 208; juncidella, 201;
setosella, 200,

Trigonogenius farctus, 161; globulum, 161.

Triprocris, table of species, 328; smithsoni-
anus, larva of, 33.

Tropical Florida, Coleoptera ef, 39.

Tropideucoila n. g., 221,

Try panisma prudensg, 201.

Uhler, P. R,, communications by, 159, 310.

U. S. National Museum, Collection of Lepi-
doptera in, 61.

Uranotznia sapphirina, 145; larva of, 49.

Venezuela, southern, Cicindelide of, 331.
Vespula mandarina, 285.
Vitula serratilineella, egg and larva of, 104,

Walshia amorphella, 216.

Warner, W. V., communications by, 135, 308.

Williams, Arizona, list of Lepidoptera taken
at, 223.

Wilsonia brevivittella, 218.

Xylesthia pruniramiella, 186.
Xylophilus brunnipennis, 53.

Ypsilophus flavivittellus, 218; pauciguttel-
lus, 213; punctidiscellus, 213; unici-
punctellus, 214.

Zamischus n. g., 221.

Age

Pag 43: line 1, for rubicundulum (Say) read vicinum (Hagen).

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4

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a line 16, for ios read me | roan

ASHMEAD, seca H.: Myrmecosalius, a new genus in the Cero. “e
-palidae sentntnesnenenaneecie see eenarcnenenennennnennenenen seen 307

-Cavpent, A. Ne: Notes on the Orthoptera of Bedi ie. with the des
2 ‘ eee ofa new gms sees recon seetee eevee veseaesanene veeeee eeee eonees

“Dyan, Nein Gs Nateb; on Chavos offectalis Hulst and allied”
Q forms (Evetria neomexicana, n. sp.), 2855 New North American
Lepidoptera, with notes on larve, 290; A note on Pyrausta —
ochosalis Fitch, MS.. 305; Note on a wrongly identified species —
of Tortricide (Phthinolophus indentanus, n. g. and sp.), 306;
-A Review of the North American species of the Lepidopterous we
ticdeee i oygeaienaaes po ee ea ite peel es

Baan tic A A Letter from Guten str eotde ont Sa veee aphigs ais 6.
Serra, Joun B.A Revision of the Boreal. American spec es o. cs re

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