gh ’ led PROCEEDINGS mn OF THE Biological Society of Washington VOLUME XVI ‘O03 WASHINGTON PRINTED FOR THE SOCIETY 1904 COMMITTEE ON PUBLICATION WILLIAM P. HAY, Chairman GERRIT S. MILLER, Jr. DAVID WHITE CONTENTS. Officers and committeer for TO0S. 26 fe win ee me Vv Proceedings 256506: Be ee hie ie a od ae vii-xi A New Sauropod Dinosaur from the Jurassic of Colorado, by J. B. Hatcher Ser ee Ie GO BUR Ugh erect igh sae Leg Nan sat ag 1-2 Description of a New Species of Gecko from Cocos Island, by Leonhard Sterner’ 6605 oo a ie eas SA eon se ea “4 3-4 Review of the Classification of the Cyrenacea, by William H. Dall 5-8 A New Cocklebur from New Mexico, by T. D. A. Cockerell 9-10 A New Name for the Hawaiian Bird Genus Oreomyza, by Leon- hard Stender ieee eee oie oa: et ae eee 11-12 Description of a New Quail-Dove from the West Indies, by J. H. aS Baily oe ee es Se Sa es nk ee Sls ho ok es Gee ene tera - A New Cliff Swallow from Texas, by Harry C. Oberholser. . . . 15-16 Description of a New Vireo, by Harry C. Oberholser ...... _ 17-18 Psilostrophe, a Neglected Genus of Southwestern Plants, by Aven Weleons (6 ce ee ana oo gown es cal ap seins Bhan page a 19-24 Two New Spermophiles from Alaska, by W.H. Osgood .... . 25-28 Two New Plants from New Mexico, by Aven Nelson....... 29-30 Descriptions of Eleven New Malayan Mouse Deer, by Gerrit S. Miller, Jr. 305535, gE PEL ee ein ae tere we a Re oe ee 31-44 Three New Plants from New Mexico, by Aven:Nelson and T. D. A. Ceeieretl Se i i Bg a ee ew oe ee Re 45-46 Two New Wood Rats (Genus Neotoma) from State of Coahuila, mesicd. ty. Hart Mortan oss yc a hs ee ee 47-48 Gekeral Roteee oe wi We ae eee ee . 49-52 Three fishes new to the fauna of New Mexico, T. D. A. Cock- erell, 49; Note on Phoca nigra Pallas, J. A. Allen, 49; A new name for Mus atratus Miller, Gerrit 8. Miller, Jr., 50; A new name (Hoplias) for the genus Macrodon of Miller, Theo. Gill, 50; The technical name of the Indian Flying Fox, Gerrit S. Miller, Jr.,50; A note on the Florida Phoebe, Reginald Heber Howe, Jr., 51; A new subgenus for Nyctaginia cockerelle, T. D. A. Cockerell, 52; On the name of the common American Eel; Austin H. Clark, 52. A New Reithrodontomys from Western Nebraska, by Merritt Cary 53-54 A New Genus and Species of Dragonfly from Brazil, by James G. SEDI TINE e ees y OP™ Nee ee BM Se 55-58 A New Species of Flying Lizard from Sarawak, Borneo, by Thomas SRP ORUE re oe ee A. Fe eee ee a 59-60 Two New Species of Chameleon, by Thomas Barbour. .... . 61-62 “Mammals of Mt. Katahdin, Maine, by B.H. Dutcher ..... . 63-72 Eight New Mammals from the United States, by C. Hart Merriam 73-78 Four New Mammals, Including a New Genus (Teanopus) from Mexiod, by. -tiatt Merriam oo So a ea ae ee 79-82 The Short-mouthed Snake (Euiainia brachystoma Cope) in South- ern Michigan, by Hubert Lyman Clark ....... y+ + + 83-88 Description of a New Neotoma from Mexico, by Outram Bangs. . 89-90 The Hawthorns of Northeastern Wisconsin, by J. H. Schuette . . 91-98 (i) iv Contents. RINE SIDI et ES as ae Se Ge eae ae 99-102 The proper name of the Redwood Chickaree, Outram Bangs, 99; A new name for the Dinosaur Haplocanthus Hatcher, J. B. Hatcher, 100; Corrections to the nomenclature of the Eocene fossil corals of the United States, T. Wayland Vaughan, 101; Note on the generic name Hylophilus, Harry C. Oberholser, 101; The Short-leaved Sundew in Vir- ginia, Gerrit S. Miller, Jr., 102. A New Landshell from California, by Paul Bartsch ....... 103-104 Descriptions of New Genera, Species, and Subspecies of North American Birds, by Robert Ridgway. ............ 105-112 The North American Forms of Astragalinus psaltria Say, by SAE AT; RIOOTENOR ooo See UG acu g in Cs ER ae ee Se 113-116 A New Species of Habenaria from Cuba, by Oakes Ames . . . . 117-118 A New Nataline Bat from the Bahamas, by Gerrit S. Miller, Jr. . 119-120 A New Pigmy Squirrel from Central America, by E. W. Nelson . 121-122 A New Hognose Snake from Florida, by Leonhard Stejneger . . 123-124 RRM ROUOR <0 og oS an a a ne a IE ai a Ueer gon a gaa 125-128 Earliest name for the American Crow, Charles W. Richmond, 125; Relationships of the Madagascar genus Hypositta Newton, Robert Ridgway, 125; Note on Sciurus mollipilosus Audubon and Bachman, J. A. Allen, 126; The Nodding Pogonia in the vicinity of Washington, Charles L. Pollard, 127; A new Violet from Kentucky, Charles L. Pollard, 127; Scolecophagus pre- occupied, Charles W. Richmond, 128; On the name Fniconetta, Charles W. Richmond, 128. SAN SURNOROR oe es SF a le ROE 129-132 On Species of South American Delphinide Described by Dr. R. A. Philippi in 1893 and 1896, by Frederick W. True ....... 133-144 A New Hare from Greece, by Gerrit S. Miller, Jr... 2... .. 145-146 A New Squirrel from Lower Siam, by Gerrit S. Miller, Jr. 147-148 Description of a New Telmatodytes, by Harry C. Oberholser . 149-150 Descriptions of New Birds from Southern Mexico, by E. W. Nelson 151-160 Descriptions of Two New Mole Rats, by Gerrit S. Miller, Jr. . . 161-164 A Second Specimen of Huderma maculatum, by Gerrit 8. Miller, Jr. 165-166 Ridgway ..... OP EE page ae eh eae . . 167-170 ae ata of N ew Species of Mollusks from the Santa Barbara Channel, California, by William Healey Dall. . ....... 171-176 NG Sig GR eA ER TED. Ehcig Cp ie tg a ee eee 177-182 OFFICERS AND COUNCIL OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON For 1903 (ELECTED DECEMBER 27, 1902) OFFICERS President B. W. EVERMANN Vice- Presidents WM. H. ASHMEAD T. S. PALMER F. H. KNOWLTON WILLIAM P. HAY Recording Secretary WILFRED H. OSGOOD Corresponding Secretary T. W. STANTON Treasurer DAVID WHITE COUNCIL WILLIAM H. DALL* | CHARLES L. POLLARD THEODORE GILL* GEORGE M. STERNBERG* L. 0. HOWARD* H. J. WEBBER FREDERICK V. COVILLE* M. B. WAITE A. F. WOODS LESTER F. WARD* C. HART MERRIAM* CHARLES A. WHITE* J. N. ROSE STANDING COMMITTEES—1903 Committee on Communications V. K. Cugsnut, Chairman VERNON BAILEY A. B. BAKER A. F. Woops _ Marcus W. Lyon, Jr. Committee on Publications Wiuiam P, Hay, Chairman Gerrit 8. Miter, Jr. Davip WHITE * Ex-Presidents of the Society. (v) pei ots ee ee in ons r ah esate: ae Ay VoL. XVI, PP. Vil-Xil. Apri 18, 1904 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON PROCEEDINGS. The Society meets in the Assembly Hall of the Cosmos Club on alternate Saturdays at8 p.m. Brief notices of the meetings, with abstracts of the papers, are published in Science. January 10, 1903—364th Meeting. The President in the chair and 54 persons present. Walter Evans spoke of a forest reserve which was about to be established. in northeastern Porto Rico. The following communications were presented : L. O. Howard: Exhibition of Lantern Slides Illustrating Yellow Fever Investigations in Cuba. S. E. Meek: The Geographic Distribution of the Fresh-water Fishes of Mexico. O. P. Jenkins: Rate of the Nervous Impulse in Certain Invertebrates. January 24, 1903—365th Meeting. The President in the chair and 27 persons present. William Palmer exhibited specimens of Camptosorus rhizophyllus, showing irregularities in the form of the base. T. D. A. Cockerell recorded three species of fish new to the Territory of New Mexico. The following communications were presented : A. D. Hopkins: Work of Forest Insects. O. F. Cook: An Ordinal Character in the Diplopoda. QO. F. Cook: Evolution, Cytology, and Mendel’s Laws.* *Pop. Sci. Monthly, LXIII, pp. 219-228, July, 1903, (vii) vill The Biological. Society of Washington. February 7, 1903—366th Meeting. The President in the chair and 37 persons present. The following communications were presented : Vernon Bailey: The Goodnight Herd of Buffaloes and Cataloes in Texas.* T. H. Kearney: Further Observations on the Effect upon Seedlings of Sodium and Magnesium. Frank Bond: Irrigation Methods and Machinery. February 21, 1903—367th Meeting. The President in the chair and 34 persons present. Carleton R. Ball exhibited specimens of 5 species of grasses of the genus Elymus, illustrating differences between those grown in open and in shady places. The following communications were presented : D. E. Salmon: The Recent Outbreak of the Foot and Mouth Disease in New England.t H. J. Webber: Egyptian Cotton in the United States. W. E. Safford: The Fauna of the Island of Guam.? March 7, 1903—368th Meeting. The President in the chair and 42 persons present. F. A. Lucas exhibited lantern slides showing the famous fossil-bearing quarries of Solenhofen, Bavaria, and also views of colonies of iguanas on the Galapagos Islands. The following communications were presented : F. W. True: Attitudes and Movements of Living Whales.|| O. F. Cook: Biological Notes from Liberia. March 21, 1903—369th Meeting. The President in the chair and 31 persons present. T. D. A. Cockerell exhibited specimens of cockleburs intermediate be- tween Xanthium commune and Xanthiwm commune intermedium. B. W. Evermann spoke of shad from Pensacola, Florida, found to be identical with the Alabama shad. The following communications were presented : T. S. Palmer: The Preservation of Pelican Island as a Breeding Ground for Birds. Walter H. Evans: The International Catalogue of Scientific Literature. Vernon Bailey: Desert Life of Western Texas. Paul Bartsch: Notes on the Herons of the District of Columbia.] * Forest and Stream, LX, p. 325, Apr. 25, 1908. + 19th Ann. Rept. Bur, Anim. Industry, U. 8. Dept. Agric., pp. 391-408, 1903. { Trans. New Eng. Cotton Manuf. Assoc., No. 74, pp. 202-216, 1903; Proc. 7th Ann. Conven. So. Cotton Spinners’ Assoc., pp. 127-141, 1903. 2 Birds of the Marianne Ids., The Osprey, N. §., 1, pp. 39-42, March, 1902; pp. 65-70, April, 1902. | Smithsonian Misc. Col., XLV (quarterly issue), pp. 91-94, pls. xxIv-xxVI, Dec. 9, 1908. { Smithsonian Misc. Col., XLV (quarterly issue), pp. 104-111, Dec. 9, 1903. Proceedings. | ix April 4, 1903—370th Meeting. Vice-President Ashmead in the chair and 39 persons present. The following communications were presented: H. J. Webber: Bud Sports and Bud Variation in Breeding. R. H. True: The Manufacture of Tea in America. W.C. Kendall: The Fishes of the Rangely Lakes. April 18, 1903—-371st Meeting. The President in the chair and 25 persons present. The following communications were presented : W. J. Spillman: Agrostological Problems in the United States. B. H. Dutcher: The Mammals of Mount Katahdin, Maine.* V. K. Chesnut: Notes on the Dissemination of Sedum douglassi by Proliferous Shoots. May 2, 1903—372nd Meeting. Vice-President Hay in the chair and 25 persons present. The following communications were presented : F. V. Coville: Wocas: An Aboriginal Cereal (Nymphaea polysepala).t J. W. T. Duvel: Vitality of Seeds. t G. H. Shull: Geographic Distribution of the Sugary Quillwort (Jsoetes saccharata). 2 May 16, 1903—373rd Meeting. The President in the chair and 30 persons present. F. V. Coville exhibited a monstrous specimen of the grape-hyacinth. Frank Baker announced that the collection at the National Zoological Park had recently been increased by three specimens of the echidna and by the birth of a tapir. The following communications were presented : C. W. Stiles: The New American Hook-worm and its Medical = portance. || F. V. Coville: Location of the Desert Botanical Laboratory of the Carne- gie Institution.{ October 17, 1903—374th Meeting. The President in the chair and 17 persons present. L. O. Howard spoke of the length of silk in single cocoons of the silk- worm, stating that in 15 cocoons actually measured the length varied from 880 to 1,102 yards. * Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XVI, pp. 63-72, May 29, 1903. + Ann. Rept. U. S. Nat. Museum for 1902, pp. 725-739, March, 1904. tTo be published as a bulletin of the Bureau of Plant Industry, U. S. Dept. of Agriculture. . : 2 Botanical Gazette, XXXVI, pp. 187-202, Sept., 1903. | Bull. No. 10, Hyg. Lab., U. 8. Pub, Health and Marine Hosp. Serv., pp. 1-121, fig. 1-86, 1903. { Carnegie Inst., Wash., Pub. No. 6, 1903. x The Biological Society of Washington. The following communications were presented : T. S. Palmer: Indexing Scientific Names, with Special Reference to the Genera of Mammals.* O. F. Cook: Central American Mutations of Coffee. W. P. Hay: Terrapin Culture in the United States. October 31, 1903—375th Meeting. The President in the chair and 37 persons present. Walter Evans exhibited a copy of a circular of directions for the destruc- tion of mosquitoes to be distributed in the Hawaiian Islands and printed in all the languages commonly used there. L. O. Howard stated that the larvae of Anthrenus varians of the family Dermestidae, had been observed to prey upon the eggs of the tussock moth. The following communications were presented : R. P. Currie: A Recent Entomological Expedition to British Columbia. M. A. Carleton: Geographic Distribution of the Oat Plant. Ch. Wardell Stiles: The Dwarf Tapeworm (Hymenolepis nana), a Newly Recognized and Rather Common Parasite of Man in the United States.T. November 14, 1903—376th Meeting. The President in the chair and 41 persons present. Lester F. Ward spoke of the description, in 1840, by C. G. Ehrenberg, of 14 hypothetical species of Diatomacesze, 10 of which were afterward actually discovered and recognized. W. H. Dall discussed the existence of a dorsal keel toward the tail in porpoises. G. K. Gilbert exhibited photographs showing a remarkable development of heliotropism in the trunks of Pinus balfouriana in California. The following communications were presented : Lester F. Ward: The Dresden Cycad (Cycadeoidea reichenbachiana). F, A. Lucas: The Making of a Whale. November 28, 1903—377th Meeting. The President in the chair and 37 persons present. The following communications were presented : H. F. Moore: The Artificial Fattening of Oysters. F. H. Hillman: The Comparative Effects of the Seed Midge and of Brucophagus funebris on the Structure of Clover Fowers and Fruits. Charles Hallock : Sea Trout Where No Rivers Are. O. F. Cook: The Vegetative Vigor of Hybrids and Mutations. * Index Generum Mammalium, N. Am. Fauna, No. 23, pp. 1-984, Feb., 1904. ¢ N. Y. Med. Journ. and Phila. Med. Journ. (consolidated) (1301), Vol. 78 (19), pp. 877-881, figs. 1-5, Nov. 7, 1903. Proceedings. xl December 12, 1903—378th Meeting. The President in the chair and 31 persons present. L. A. Fuertes exhibited a painting showing the life colors of the soft parts of the California condor and another showing a hybrid between two genera of quail, Lophortyx and Oreortyz. H. E. Van Deman exhibited specimens of the “Grimes Golden” apple. The following communications were presented : W. H. Ashmead: Remarks on Japanese Hymenoptera. V. K. Chesnut and Harry T. Marshall: Some Observations on “ Locoed ” Sheep. Charles Hallock: The Bison asa Factor in the Distribution of Aboriginal Population in Mid-Continental America. ea vt eis Fade as Est VOL. XVI, PP. 1-2 FEBRUARY 2I, 1903 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON A NEW SAUROPOD DINOSAUR FROM THE JURASSIC OF COLORADO. BY J. B. HATCHER. The remains upon which this paper is based were discovered and collected by Mr. W. H. Utterback in the lower Jurassic, ‘in the quarry long worked by the late Professor Marsh, and situated some eight miles north of Canyon City, Colorado. Haplocanthus priscus, gen. et sp. nov. The type (No. 572, Carnegie Museum Collection) of this genus and species consists of the two posterior cervicals, ten dorsals, five sacrals with the ilia, ischia and pubes and the nineteen anterior caudals, two chevrons, a nearly complete series of ribs, and a femur, all in an excel- lent state of preservation. The present genus and species can be distinguished from the known genera and species of the Dinosauria by the following characters: Newral spines of posterior cervicals and anterior dorsals absolutely simple instead of deeply bifurcated as in all other known genera of the Sauropoda. Sacrum composed of five vertebrae firmly codssified by their centra and func- tioning as sacrals. Sacral ribs and diapophyses greatly expanded trans- versely so as to appear proportionally low and broad. Neural spines of sacrals very short, only moderately expanded transversely, the three anterior codssified forming a long bony plate. Pubes massive and united by an extended cartilaginous pubic symphysis which is interrupted 1—PROO. BIOL. Soc. WAsH. VOL. XVI, 1903. (1) 2 Hatcher—New Dinosaur from Colorado. medially by an elongated foramen. Pubic foramen large and situated some distance from the supero-internal border of the bone. Neural arches in dorsal vertebrae extremely high as compared with depth of centra or height of neural spines. Cervicals strongly opisthoceelus, and dorsals only moderately so and becoming almost platyccelus in the pos- terior dorsal region. ‘Transverse processes of dorsal vertebrae extending obliquely upward and outward from summits of neural arches. Caudal centra short and somewhat amphiccelous with neural spines simple, low, and much compressed. Transverse processes of caudals each consisting of a simple, slender process which in the anterior caudal springs from the side of the neural arch. Posteriorly the transverse processes rapidly decrease in size and assume a more inferior position, so that in the twelfth caudal they are reduced to a rounded knob of bone on the side of the centrum, and in the succeeding caudals they have disappeared altogether. The centra of the anterior caudals are subcircular in outline, but in the posterior caudals the vertical diameter much exceeds the transverse. The femur is rather longer than one might expect, considering the size and proportions of the individual vertebrae, but does not differ materially from that bone in other genera of the Sauropoda. Haplocanthus may be regarded as the most generalized member of the Sauropoda yet discovered in America. That it is a member of the ‘Sauropoda is clearly shown by the structure of the pelvis and by the characters exhibited by the cervical, dorsal and caudal vertebrae. The comparatively simple structure of the individual vertebrae from the various regions of the spinal column form a striking contrast to that complicated system of laminae and buttresses found in the vertebrae of Diplodocus, Brontosaurus, Morosaurus, and other Sauropods, and indicates that Haplocanthus was a more primitive form than any of the latter genera. Its affinities are clearly with the Morosauride and in size it is comparable with the smaller formsof Morosaurus. Its principal skeletal features will be fully described and illustrated in a forthcoming Memoir of the Carnegie Museum. - Vor. XVI, PP. 3-4 FEBRUARY 21, 1903 ' PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES OF GECKO FROM COCOS ISLAND. BY LEONHARD STEJNEGER. {By permission of the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution.]} Professor P. Biolley, naturalist of the Museo Nacional, San José, Costa Rica, visited Cocos Island, off the western coast of Costa Rica, in 1902, and has sent me specimens of two species of lizards for identification. One is the Anolis townsendi de- seribed by me recently (Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., XXXVI, No. 6, p. 163, Nov., 1900) from the same island. The other is a new gecko of the genus Spherodactylus which has its center of distribution in the West Indies but of which several species are also known from Central America and northern South America. Spherodactylus pacificus, sp. nov. Diagnosis.—Dorsal scales very small, juxtaposed, keeled; ear-opening same size as digital disc; large supranasals separated by two scales, a third median scale anterior to them in the posterior cleft of rostral; scales on top of head keeled. Type.—U. 8. National Museum, No. 31057; Cocos Island; Prof. Biolley, collector. Habitat.—Cocos Island, Pacific Ocean off the west coast of Costa Rica. Description of type specimen.—Adult; U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 31057. 2—PRoc. Brot. Soc. WASH. VOL, XVI, 1903. (8) 4 — - Stejneger—New Species of Gecko. Snout moderately pointed, longer than the distance between the eye and the ear-opening, about once and two-thirds the diameter of the eye; ear- opening small, not larger than the discs of the fingers, pear-shaped, hori- zontal; rostral moderately large with a cleft in the posterior margin, in which is a small median scale; nostril between rostral, first supralabial, a rather large supranasal, and a small postnasal; supranasals separated by two flat hexagonal scales on a line behind the rostral and the small median scale; four large supralabials to below the center of the eye, followed by two small ones, first very long; three large lower labials corresponding to the four large supralabials, followed by two smaller ones, first being as long as the first two supralabials combined; menta} large, truncate posteriorly; behind the mental and adjoining the lower labials, large flat scales decreasing in size posteriorly and passing gradu- ally into the granules of the throat; upper surfaces covered with small juxtaposed, granular scales slightly smaller than those on the flanks and keeled, those on the occiput being exceedingly small; the scales on the frontal region somewhat elongate, those on the snout considerably larger, irregularly polygonal, flat but distinctly keeled; a pointed horn-like scale on the superciliary edge a little anterior to the center of the eye; ventral scales rather large, imbricate; tail cylindrical, tapering, covered above with irregular flat scales somewhat smaller than the ventrals, with scarcely any indication of verticels; tail below with a median series of dilated shields except at base which is covered by large flat imbricate scales. Color (in alcohol) brownish; a pale band extending from the nostril through the upper part of the eye and backwards along the side of the neck communicating with that of the other side in two places across the upper neck; this band can be traced as a very irregular series of pale marblings along the sides of the body; a fairly well-defined dusky band borders this pale one below and across the upper neck, and is in turn bordered below by a pale line on the temples; top of head with ill-defined longitudinal pale marblings the continuation of which may be traced as an irregular pale median dorsal band; tail similarly colored; underside pale, indistinctly mottled with darker brownish. Dimensions (in millimeters).—Type: total length, 82; snout to ear- opening, 11; width of head, 6.5; snout to vent, 47; vent to tip of tail, 35; fore limb, 14; hind limb, 18. Variation.—The four additional specimens sent (U. S. N. M. 31058-61) agree in structural characters very well with the above, except that in none of them is the underside of the tail covered with enlarged cross plates. In No. 31061 the tail is also somewhat longer than the distance from snout to vent. The coloration is also essentially alike, except that in 31059 the longitudinal bands are better defined and more regular, especially on the posterior portion of the body; the underside in all is uniformly pale. Remarks.—This species seems to be most nearly related to Spherodac- tylus lineolatus from Central America, from which it differs, among other things, in having the upper head scales keeled. VoL. XVI, PP. 5-8 FEBRUARY 21, i903 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON REVIEW OF THE CLASSIFICATION OF THE CYRENACEA. BY WILLIAM H. DALL. In working over the Cyrenacea for the Memoir on the Ter- tiary Fossils of Florida, in course of publication by the Wagner Institute of Science, it was found that both the nomenclature and the classification were in a state of deplorable confusion. While the details are reserved for that memoir, it was thought that a synopsis of the arrangement adopted might be of use to the students of the group, and it is herewith presented. Family Cyrenide. Genus Miodontopsis Dall (nov.). Type Cyrena media Sowerby. Juras- sic. This is Miodon Sandberger, 1870, not Carpenter, 1865. Genus Loxoptychodon Sandberger, 1872. Type Cyrena intermedia De- shayes. Lower Eocene, France. Genus Plesiastarte Fisher, 1887. Type P. crenulata Deshayes (as Cyrena). Lower Eocene, France. This is Anomala Cossmann, 1886, not Hiibner, 1816. Genus Ditypodon Sandberger, 1572. Type Cyrena suessii C. Mayer. Lower Pliocene of Italy. ?Genus Donacopsis Sandberger, 1872. Type Cyrena acutangularis De- 8—PRooc. BIOL. Soc. WasH. VOL. XVI, 1903. (5) 6 Dali—Revision of Cyrenacea. shayes. Eocene of France. I suspect this to be merely a subdivision of Cyrena, ‘ Genus Cyrena Lamarck, 1818. Type Cyrena bengalensis Lamarck. Recent. India. Section Polymesoda Rafinesque, 1820. Type Cyclas caroliniana Bosc. Recent. South Carolina. Cyprinella and Diodus Gabb, and Leptosiphon Fischer are synonymous. : Section Pseudocyrena Bourguignat, 1854. Type Cyrena maritima D’Orbigny. Cuba. Anomala Deshayes, not Hubner, Hgeta H. and A. Adams, and Cyrenocapsa Fisher are synonymous. Section Geloina Gray, 1844. Type Cyrena coaxans Gmelin (C. zeylan- ica Lamarck). Recent. Ceylon. Section Hgetarta Morch, 1861. Type Z. pullastra Morch. West coast Central America. Section Jsodoma Deshayes, 1858. Type i. cyprinoides Deshayes. Eocene of France. Subgenus Leptesthes Meek, 1872. Type Corbicula fracta Meek. Eocene of Nebraska Genus Corbicula Megerle, 1811. Type Tellina fluminalis Miller. India. Section Veloritina Meek, 1871. Type Corbicula durkeet Meek. Cre- taceous of Wyoming. Section Corbiculina Dall (nov.). Type Corbicula angast Prime. Aus- tralia. Smaller and more delicate than Corbicula s. s. and viviparous. _ Section Tellinocyclas Dall (nov.). Type Cyrena tellinella Deshayes Parisian Eocene. Small, heavy, elongate and acute, with short distant lateral teeth. Section Cyrenodonaz Dali (nov.). Type C. formosana Dall. Recent. Formosa. Like Donacopsis but inflated, without radial sulcation and having an entire pallial line. Subgenus Cyanocyclas Ferussac, 1818 (restricted). Type Corbicula limosa Maton. South America. Genus Villorita Gray, 1833. Type V. cyprinoides Wood. Indo China and Japan. The name was spelled Velorita by Gray in 1842. Genus Batissa Gray, 1853.. Type B. tenebrosa Hinds. Australia. Genus Hgeria Roissy, 1805. Type Venus paradoxa Born. Rivers of West Africa. Galatea Bruguiere, Trigona Schumacher not Jurine, Potamophiia Sowerby, Galateola Fleming, and Megadesma Bowdich are synonymous. Section Hgerta s.s. Type #. paradoza Born. Section Profischeria Dall (nov.). Type Fischerta Delesserti Bernardi. | West Africa. This is Pischerta Bernardi, 1860, not Robineau Desvoidy, 1830, : Dali—Revision of Cyrenacea. 7 Family Spheriide. Genus Spherium Scopoli, 1777. Type Tellina cornea Linné. North Europe. Cyclas Lamarck not Link, Cornea Megerle, Amesoda Rafin- esque, Cycladites Kriiger, Piswm Bourguignat not Megerle, and Corneola Clessin, not Held, are synonymous. Subgenus Spheriums.s. Type S. corneum Linné. Section Cyrenastrum Bourguignat, 1854. Type 8. solidum Normand. France. Section Spheriastrum Bourguignat, 1854. Type S. rivicola Leach. England. Subgenus Musculium Link, 1807. Type Tellina lacustris Miller. Denmark. Calyculina Clessin is synonymous. Subgenus Hupera Bourguignat, 1854. Type Pisidium moquinianum Bourg. Brazil. Limosina Clessin is synonymous. Genus Corneocyclas Ferussac, 1818, (restricted). Type Tellina pusilla ‘Gmelin. Germany. Subgenus Corneocyclas. Section Corneocylas s.s. Type C. pusilla Gmelin. Section. Phymesoda Rafinesque, 1820. Type Tellina virginica Gmelin. Virginia. Section Pisidium C. Pfeiffer, 1821. Type Tellina amnica Miller. Denmark. Section Cyclocalyx Dall (nov.). Type Pisidium scholizii Clessin. Ger- many. The umbones high and constricted below the nepionic shell, otherwise like Corneocyclass. s. Subgenus Cymatocyclas Dall (nov.). Type Pisidium compressum Prime. Cambridge, Mass. Nepionic valves flat, transversely undulated, sharply marked off from the rest of the disk, otherwise as in Corneocyclas. Subgenus Tropidocyclas Dall (nov.). Type Pisidium henslowianum Sheppard. England. Nepionic valves with an oblique, elevated, radial keel and distinctly delimited from the rest of the disk. Fossarina Cles- sin, 1873, not Adams, 1863, is synonymous. Notes. Pera Leach and Huglesa Leach, 1852, are synonymous with Corneo- eyclass.s. Galileja Costa; Huglesia Leach, 1840; Pisum Gray, 1847, not Megerle, 1811; Cordula Leach; Flwminina Clessin; Cycladina Clessin; and Rivulina Clessin; are not separable from Pisidium s. s., if judged by their types; most of them are based on perfectly worthless characters. The specific determinations of Westerlund in the ‘Fauna der Palearcti- { 8 Dali—Revision of Cyrenacea. schen Region’ have been accepted in determining the synonymy of the types. It may be of interest to state here that the group Cyclas, a name ap- plied by Bruguiere, in 1798, to a heterogeneous assembly, and afterward used by Lamarck for species of the prior genus Spherium, was first properly divided by Link in 1807, who segregated Musculium and took the largest and first species of Bruguiere as a type for the genus Cyclas. This was the Venus islandica of Linné, to which, subsequently, the names of Cyprina Lamarck, 1812; Arctica Schumacher, 1817, not Moeh- ring, 1758; and Cypriniadea Rovereto, 1900, were applied. These be- come synonyms of Cyclas (Bruguiere) Link, whose only species and type is Venus tslandica L. Vou. XVI, pp. 9-10 FEBRUARY 2i, 1903 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON A NEW COCKLEBUR FROM NEW MEXICO. BY T. D. A, COCKERELL. My work on the plants of the region about Las Vegas has brought to light the interesting form of Xanthium commune Britton, described below. The first specimens collected were referred to Prof. E. O. Wooton, who was then working at Col- umbia University. He found that nothing of the kind was represented in the Columbia herbarium and concluded that the Species was new. Upon his return to New Mexico I urged him to publish it, but he delayed, and after a couple of years we both became doubtful of the validity of the species, observing that nothing but the burs would separate it from X. commune (then called by us X. canadense). Later our doubts were con- firmed when I found at Las Vegas a pair of burs, one of each kind, growing on the same twig. This specimen is now in the herbarium of the Agricultural College at Mesilla Park. Among hundreds of plants since observed, I have not seen another like it, nor have I seen a plant which could not at once be referred to one or the other form. | Xanthium commune wootoni, sp. nov. Similar in all respects to X. commune Britton, but the burs more slen- der (greatest transverse diameter about 6 mm., beaks and prickles about 4—PRoo, Biol. Soc. WasH. Vou, XVI, 1903. (9) 10 Cockerell— New Cocklebur from New Mexico. 5+ mm.), and the prickles much less numerous (about 25 to the bur) and mostly stouter basally. Collected by the writer at Espafiola, N. M. and Las ,Vegas, N. M. It occurs abundantly, always growing with X. commune. Specimens of X. ¢. wootoni have been sent to Prof. E. L. Green and to Dr. P. A. Rydberg. The former said it was unknown to him, the latter considered it a new species. It is, in fact, a species in the De Vriesian sense, of more than ordinary interest. Las Vegas specimens sent to the U. S. National Herbarium may be regarded as the types (No. 404186). Other specimens showing leaves and flowers as well as burs, are in the Herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden and the Herbarium of the New Mexico Agricultural College. VOL. XVI, PP. [I-12 FEBRUARY 2i, 1903 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON A NEW NAME FOR THE HAWAIIAN BIRD GENUS OREOMYZA. BY LEONHARD STEJNEGER. In 1887 I established the genus Oreomyza for a Hawaiian bird then described for the first time, viz. Oreomyza bairdi. It now appears that in the same year Pokorny gave the identi- cal name to a genus of Tipulid insects. Fortunately it is pos- sible to settle beyond a doubt the question which of the two has priority, since Pokorny’s name was published on February 28 and mine not until July 2, thus: Oreomyza Pokorny, Wiener Entomol. Zeitung, 1887, Feb. 28, p. 50. Oreomyza Stejneger, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1887, July 2, p- 98. The latter, therefore, must give way, and in order to cause as little change as possible I propose to substitute the word Oreomystis for the bird genus. The following species are now included in this genus: 1. Oreomystis bairdi Stejneger (eye) Oreomystis mana (Wilson). Oreomystis perkinsi (Rothschild). Oreomystis flammea (Wilson). Oreomystis newtoni (Rothschild). Oreomystis maculata (Cabanis). Oreomystis montana (Wilson). 5—PRoc. Biot. Soo. WasH. VoL. XVI, 1903. (1) we ee oe 7, a Sy Lert 3 VOL. XVI, PP. 13-!4 FEBRUARY 21, 1903 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON DESCRIPTION OF A NEW QUAIL-DOVE FROM THE WEST INDIES. BY J. H. RILEY. [By permission of the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution.] While examining some doves labeled Geotrygon mystacea I was struck by the variations exhibited by specimens from the different parts of its range. My material has not been sufficient to work these out satisfactorily, but the following species is so very distinct that I take this opportunity of describing it. My thanks are due to Dr. J. A. Allen, of the American Museum of Natural History, Mr. Charles B. Cory, of the Field Columbian Museum, and to Mr. Outram Bangs, of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, for the loan of specimens. Geotrygon sabe, sp. nov. Type.—Adult female, No. 80,982, U. S. National Museum, Saba Island, W. L., collected by F. A. Ober. Characters.—Differs from Geotrygon mystacea in being darker above, in having the breast light hazel passing into vinaceous-rufous (vinaceous- cinnamon in mystacea), the belly cinnamon-rufous, the lining of the wings darker, and the tail darker and more strongly edged with a darker shade of brown. Measurements.—Wing, 170; tail, 89; exposed culmen, 21 mm. 6—PRoc. BIOL. Soc. WasH. VoL. XVI, 1903. (13) 14 Riley— New Quail-Dove from the West Indies. Remarks.—Schlegel (Mus. Pays-Bas, Columb, 1873, 164) gives the type of Temminck’s Columba mystacea as coming from the Island of Hayti. I know of no recent record of the bird from that island. Tem- minck’s plate represents a bird without the dark rictal stripe and with lighter underparts than any specimen I have been able to examine. The U. S. National Museum possesses a specimen from Culebra Island {reported from here for the first time) that comes nearer the plate of mystacea than any other specimen in the series before me. I take it to represent true mystacea and have compared the Saba bird with it. The type of sabe, though a female, is so very different from any of the other specimens before me that I am unable to explain these differences on account of sex. The dark color of the breast serves to distinguish it at a glance from mystacea. VoL. XVI, PP. 15-16 FEBRUARY 21, 1903 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON A NEW CLIFF SWALLOW FROM TEXAS. BY HARRY C. OBERHOLSER. Mr. Ridgway has called my attention to certain differences characterizing the cliff swallow of southwestern Texas, which differences seem to warrant its subspecific separation. It may therefore be known as Petrochelidon lunifrons tachina, subsp. nov. Chars. subsp.—Similar to Petrochelidon lunifrons lunifrons, but decid- edly smaller, the forehead ochraceous instead of cream color. Description.—Type, adult male, No. 168,271, U. S. N. M., Biological — Survey Collection; Langtry, Texas, April 26, 1901; H. C. Oberholser. Upper surface dark steel green, the forehead ochraceous, the rump rufous, the hind neck with a narrow collar of light brownish gray, succeeded anteriorly by an imperfect one of chestnut; wings and tail fuscous, with a greenish gloss, the innermost secondaries (tertials) and primary coverts with margins of pale grayish; chin, cheeks, and auricu- lars, continuous with the collar, chestnut; center of throat steel green; breast, and sides of throat and neck behind the chestnut, dull light brownish, the first with a strong ochraceous tinge; remainder of ventral surface white, with the sides and lower tail-coverts pale fuscous, the anal region ochraceous. Length of wing (type), 104 mm.; tail, 45 mm.; exposed culmen, 7 mm. ; tarsus, 11.5 mm. Although seemingly most like true P. lunifrons, the bird above de- scribed is intermediate between lunifrons and melanogastra, approaching 7—Proc. BIoL. Soc. Wass. VOL, XVI, 1903. (15) 16 Oberholser—A New Cliff Swallow from Texas. in size very close to the latter. In respect to the color of the forehead, as well, its aberration from lunifrons is in the direction of melanogastra, with which also it may be found to intergrade. After due allowance has been made for individual variation which, however, does not exist to an unusual degree, the characters exhibited by this new race seem to be very constant, at least in the considerable series available for exam- ination. Apparently all the breeding cliff swallows of southwestern Texas ought to be referred to tachina, the range of which extends thence into eastern Mexico as far at least as Vera Cruz. The following average measurements of the three forms of Petrocheli- don here concerned have been kindly furnished by Mr. Ridgway. They relate to males, and are in millimeters. No. of : : ; ., | Exposed Middle Speci- Name . |} Wing | Tail Golinen Tarsus | “po mens 17 Petrochelidon lunifrons lunifrons| 108.6 | 49.4 7.2 12.6 12.2 7 Petrochelidon lunifrons tachina 102.1 | 45.3 7.6 12.1 12.1 8 Petrochelidon melanogastra 108. 46.4 6.8 12, ii. PT Fe. Sage ae, ee sa i 17 0S PE OG |S VOL. XVI, PP. 17-18 Ge FEBRUARY 2i, 1903 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON DESCRIPTION OF A NEW VIREO. BY HARRY C. OBERHOLSER. The vireos of the bellii type from southwestern Texas, though in certain respects intermediate between Vireo bellit bellii and Vireo bellit pusiilus seem to be sufficiently distinct from either to require a name. In view of this they may be called Vireo bellii medius, subsp. nov. Chars. subsp.—Similar to Vireo bellit bellii, but paler, more grayish above; paler and much less extensively yellow below. Geographical distribution.—Southwestern Texas, and immediately ad- jacent portion of Mexico. Description.—Type, adult male, No. 168275, U. S. N. M., Biological Sur- vey Collection; Boquillas, Texas, May 24, 1901; H. C. Oberholser. Head and nape brownish gray; back and scapulars dull grayish olive green, the rump rather brighter; wings and tail fuscous, margined exteriorly with olive, the former crossed by two distinct dull white bars; lores grayish white; sides of head and neck pale brownish gray; underparts white, washed with yellowish across the breast; flanks and sides of body pale olive yellow; under tail-coverts yellowish. The differences between this race and true dellii are most evident in the much more grayish head, the decidedly darker back, and in the restriction of the yellow of the flanks and sides—the middle of abdomen and breast being almost pure white. In size there appears to be no material difference. From Vireo bellit pusillus it may be distinguished by its darker, less uniform upper surface, the back being distinctly olive 8—PRoo. BIOL. Soc. WasH. VoL. XVI, 1903. (17) 18 Oberholser—-Description of a New Vireo. green in contrast to the head and nape; the much more yellowish flanks and sides; the rather less purely white under surface; and the decidedly shorter tail. ‘ Specimens to the westward in the range of Vireo bellii medius indicate intergradation with pwsillus, and taken in connection with hardly typi- cal examples of the latter from extreme western Texas, show pretty con- clusively that to pusillus there belongs a trimomial name. Average millimeter measurements of five specimens of each of these three forms are as follows: Vireo bellii bellit (Kansas and Illinois): wing, 55.6; tail, 45.8; exposed culmen, 10; tarsus, 18.5; middle toe, 9.8. Vireo bellit medius (Texas): wing, 54.1; tail, 46.3; exposed culmen, 9.7; tarsus, 18.5; middle toe, 9.4. Vireo bellit pusilius (California): wing, 54.6; tail, 49.6; exposed culmen, 9.3; tarsus, 18.9; middle toe, 9.9. a ee: SY 0673 VOL. XVI, PP. 19-24 MARCH 19, 1903 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON PSILOSTROPHE, A NEGLECTED GENUS OF SOUTHWESTERN PLANTS. BY AVEN NELSON. The collections of Mr. Leslie N. Goodding, a student in the University of Wyoming, made in southern Utah and Nevada in the spring of 1902, are bringing to light some exceedingly interesting xerophytic plants. Among these is a shrubby Psilostrophe (Riddellia), the study of which led to an inves- tigation of the whole genus. The species formerly recognized are only three and one vari- ety, and in spite of the remarkably heterogeneous mass of material found in the genus, the three names have been made to do duty for all that have been collected. The material found in the Rocky Mountain herbarium seemed to indicate some ~ novelties, but to confirm these, Dr. J. N. Rose, Assistant Curator, U. S. National Herbarium, made it possible for me : to examine the much larger series of specimens in that collec- tion. For this favor I wish here to express my hearty thanks. 9—PRoc. BIOL. Soc. WAsH. VOL. XVI, 1903. 20 Nelson— The Genus Psilostrophe. Key to the species of Psilostrophe. Pubescence of the stem white and densely pannose. - 1. P. Cooperi: Pubescence of the stem villous or loosely floccose-lanate. Akenes and pappus arachnoid-villous. - - 2. P. gnaphalodes. Akenes and pappus glabrous. Pappus scales lanceolate, acute. Floral structures ceriferous; rays small. Moderately lanate; perennial - - 3. P. cerifera. Inordinately lanate; biennial - Ba. P. cerifera biennis. Floral structures free from wax; rays large. Fastigiately branched - - - 4. P. tagetina. Simple stemmed - - - 4a. P. tagetina lanata. Pappus scales oval, obtuse, denticulate. - - 5. P. pumila. Pubescence of stem scanty, softly hirsute. - - 6. P. sparsifiora. 1. Psilostrophe Cooperi (Gray) Greene. Riddellia Coopert Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 7:358. 1868. Psilostrophe Coopert (Gray) Greene, Pitt. 2:176. 1891. This species needs further study. The series of specimens examined shows much variation and yet not one that tallies closely with the origi- nal description. I rather suspect, however, that the original specimens by Cooper were undersized and not typical of the species as now repre- sented; that the description should be expanded to take in more truly shrubby forms, with leaves 4-7 cm. long, larger rays often 5 in number and with more numerous disk corollas (12-20). The pappus seems often to be of nearly entire lanceolate scales and the peduncles are far from filiform. Such amplified characters would take in all of the following, though the description as drawn by Dr. Gray excludes at least the first half of the series that follows: L. N. Goodding, No. 752, Bunkervill, Nevada, 1902; M. E. Jones, No. 3891, Yucca, Arizona, 1884; Dr. Smart, No. 278, Arizona, 1867; J. W. Toumey, No. 6396, Tucson, Arizona, 1892; W. F. Parish, Lowell, Ari- zona, 1884; Coville and Funston, No. 292, Pahrump Valley, Nevada, 1891; Dr. Palmer, No. 246, S. Utah, 1887; T. S. Brandegee, Arizona, 1892; Lt. Wheeler, Nevada, 1872; Dr. Palmer, Arizona, 1869; J. W. Toumey, No. 639c, Castle Creek,"Arizona, 1892; C. A. Purpus, No. 6125, - Pahrump Valley, Nevada, 1898; Dr. Vasey, Tucson, Arizona, 1886. 2. Psilostrophe gnaphalodes DC. Psilostrophe gnaphalodes DC. Prod. 7:261.1838. Riddellia arachnoidea Gray, Pl. Fendl. 94. 1849. This species is fairly uniform, though species so ticketed in the herb- Nelson—The Genus Psilostrophe. 21 aria are often something else. As observed by Dr. Gray, the foliage is not essentially different from P. tagetina. One might suspect that some distributors believe the specific name refers to the pubescence of the leaves. It seems to be confined to Texas and adjacent Mexico. Chas. Wright, No. 380, Western Texas, 1849; C. G. Pringle, No. 9040, Jaral, Mexico, 1900; F. S. and E. S. Earle, No. 446, Devil River, Texas, 1900; Mex. Bound. Surv., No. 628; L. H. Dewey, College Station, Texas, 1891; V. Havard, No. 45, Stockton, Texas, 1881; M. E. Jones, No. 3718, El Paso, Texas, 1884. 3. Psilostrophe cerifera, n. sp.* Stems few to several from the enlarged crown of a ligneous taproot, or more rarely the crown raised on a short simple caudex; the stems simple or sparingly branched, 1-2 dm. long, floccose-tomentose; leaves lightly lanate, entire, lanceolate-spatulate, obtuse or acute at apex, the tapering base scarcely petioled; inflorescence corymbose, the rather small heads congested on the tips of the branches of the corymb; bracts of the narrow involucre broadly linear, in one series, rigid and closely connivent, the waxy or resinous particles with which they are sprinkled obscured by the lanate pubescence but extending to all parts of the flowers, the akenes, and even to the leaves of the plant; rays usually 3, the ligule 3-4 mm. long and nearly twice as broad, its slender tube equalling the ligule and almost equalled by the linear pappus-scales; disk flowers 10 or fewer, slightly articulately enlarged at the summit of the tube proper; akenes glabrous, not striate, somewhat 4-angled; pap- pus linear, nearly as long as the disk corollas. The type is Mr. M. A. Carleton’s No. 201 (in Ry. Mt. Herb.), from the Cheyenne Country, Indian Territory, June 1891; distributed by the U. S. National Herbarium. Wholly typical are Mr. Paul J. White’s speci- mens, Woods County, Oklahoma, June 29, 1900. Mr. Hitchcock’s No. 741, from the Gypsum hills of Barker County, Kansas, is undoubtedly the same, though, on account of age, the leaves are largely wanting. A specimen by Prof. Kellerman, from Kansas, 1888, is more floccose woolly and has the appearance of being merely biennial, and this may be true of Mr. Hitchcock’s specimens (the number cited) also. A very abnormal form is found in Mr. B. B. Smyth’s specimens; No. 140, from Crooked Creek, Meade County, Kansas, which tends to con- firm the suspicion that in more northern localities this species is alto- gether biennial. These may be designated: 3a. Psilostrophe cerifera biennis, n var. Larger than the species, mostly single-stemmed from the crown, often freely and intricately branched above, densely and permanently floccose *A paratype of Psilostrophe cerifera A. Nelson is in the National Herb- rium under the herbarium number 26,577. 22 Nelson—The Genus Psilostrophe. throughout; crown leaves and lower stem leaves wanting at the time of flowering. Type of the variety, as cited above, in the National Herbarium (No. 26,577). 4. Psilostrophe tagetina (Nutt.) Greene. Riddellia tagetina Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc., 7:361. 1841. Gray, Syn. F1., 317, probably in part only. Psilostrophe tagetina (Nutt.) Greene Pitt., 2:176. 1891. Even after segregating the species indicated as new in this paper the specimens at hand show considerable variation and may still be an aggregate, but to the writer the difference seems to be vegetative and not congenital. Judging by the specimens the center of distribution is New Mexico. Specimens examined.—New Mexico: E. O. Wooton, 1894; id, No. 6, 1897; F. S. and E. S. Earle, No. 374, 1900; A. A. and E. G. Heller, No. 3739, 1897; J. G. Smith, No. 25, 1897; G. R. Vasey, 1881; A. Fendler, No. 461, 1847; J. T. Rothrock, No. 463, 1874. Arizona: Walter Hough, No. 115, 1896; Comanche Plains, J. M. Bigelow, 1853. Somewhat aberrant and mostly distributed as Riddellia arachnoidea, are the following from Texas: L. H. Dewey, 1891; G. W. Letterman, No. 25, 1882; Newberry, 1859; Mex. Bound. Surv., No. 628. Still more aberrant and probably worthy of a varietal name are some other Texan specimens which may be called: 4a. Psilostrophe tagetina lanata, n. var.* Larger than the species, simple-stemmed or divaricately branched, jong-lanate, floccose-woolly at the crown; leavessimple or pinnatifid and some of the stem leaves (often nearly all of them) sometimes deeply pin- nately lobed; the lobes oblong-linear, entire or toothed; rays usually larger than in the species. Specimens examined.—Texas: G. R. Vasey, 1881 (type); Mex. Bound. _ Survey, No. 629 (paratype); W. L. Bray, No. 416, 1899; (?) J. Reverchon, 1879. Type and paratype in National Herbarium. 5. Psilostrophe pumila (Jones) n. comb. Riddeltia tagetina pumila, Jones, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci., (2) 5:'700, 1895. Psilostrophe Bakert Greene, Pl. Baker. 3:29. 1901. This perfectly valid species is certainly the handsomest one in the genus. That Mr. Jones’ variety is the same as Dr. Greene’s species *The type and paratype of Psilostrope tagetina lanata A. Nelson are in the National Herbarium under the herbarium numbers, respectively, of 156,585 and 26,581. Nelson— The Genus Psilostrophe. 23 admits of no question. The following series of specimens, some distrib- uted as one and some as the other, are remarkably homogeneous, as might be expected, since most of them are from type locality, which is the same for both. A fine example of this by Mr. Osterhout shows that the species under favorable conditions is not unusually low. Specimens examined. Grand Junction, Colorado, M. E. Jones, 5474 (type), June, 1894; id. May, 1895; C. F. Baker, No. 106; S. G. Stokes, 1900; D. A. Saunders, No. 405, 1893; C. F. Baker, No. 14, Montrose; J. H. Cowen, No. 276, Hotchkiss; G. E. Osterhout, Rifle, Colorado. 6. Psilostrophe sparsiflora (Gray) n. comb. Riddellia tagetina sparsiflora Gray, Syn. Fl. 1:318. 1886. Stems 1-3 dm. high, singly from the several crowns of the woody root, noticeably striate, green but with a sparse hirsute pubescence which extends to the leaves; leaves alternate, linear, often narrowly so, rarely with one or two lateral teeth, 3-5 cm. long; the lower usually subspatu- late and decurrent upon the long slender petiole; heads corymbose on the slender pedunculate uppermost branchlets; ray flowers 3, the ligule | 7-8 mm. long and noticeably broader, sprinkled with minute resin or wax particles, the tube very short and only partially closed, the style protruding from the fissure; disk flowers 10 or fewer, tubular, fully twice as long as the unequal, acute or more or less lacerate-tipped pap- pus pales; akenes angled, not perceptibly striate. This seems to be a singularly good species. I take as probably typical, of the plant that Dr. Gray so named as a variety, the form that occurs in Utah. Thatis truly with few heads. The Arizonan form is more freely flowered and with more numerous and more fascicled stems, but in all essentials they are the same. The green almost glabrous aspect, the regular alternation of the slender axillary branches and the almost umbellately-clustered slender-peduncled heads are characters quite peculiar to this species. Specimens examined.—Utah: M. E. Jones, No. 5296, Pahria Canyon, 1894; Dr. Palmer, No. 2464, Southern Utah, 1877. Arizona: J. B. Lei- berg, No. 5624, 1891; L. F. Ward, 1891; D. T. MacDougal, No. 229, 1898; H. H. Rusby, 1883; F. H. Knowlton, Nos. 182 and 272, 1889; M. E. Jones, Nos. 4038 and 6050a, 1884 and 1894; J. W. Toumey, No. 638, 1892. I place here somewhat doubtfully Mr. Jones’s No. 5291i, Pahria, Utah, 1894. i G ye ‘! i = 974.0673 VoL. XVI, PP. 25-28 MARCH 19, 1903 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON TWO NEW SPERMOPHILES FROM ALASKA. BY WILFRED H. OSGOOD. In the light of recently secured material two forms of the _ well-known Alaska ground squirrels or spermophiles appear to be undescribed. Specimens of both forms have been in the National Museum for some years, but the lack of material from Hudson Bay and other important localities has heretofore made it difficult to determine their relationships. For the opportunity of describing these new forms and for the freedom of the Biological Survey and National Museum collections I am indebted to C. Hart Merriam and Gerrit 8. Miller, Jr.. Citellus* plesius ablusus, subsp. nov. Type from Nushagak, Alaska. No. 119,815, United States National Museum, Biological Survey Collection, ¢ ad., September 16, 1902. W. H. Osgood and A. G. Maddren. Original No. 2043. Characters.—Similar to C. plesiust but larger; adult in fall with the hairs of the tail with at least two and often more annulations of black; skull larger and heavier than that of plestwvs and slightly different in de- tailed characters; somewhat similar to C. parryi and C. barrowensts but _ *For use of the name Ci%tellus instead of Spermophilus Cf. Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. XVI, pp. 375-376, 1902. +Specimens now available indicate that C. plesius is entirely distinct from C. parryi and the several long-tailed forms related to it. 10—PRoc, BIOL. Soc. WASH. VOL, XVI, 1903, (35) GUO 4 —" A 7, a} 26 Osgood—Two New Spermophiles from Alaska. tail much shorter; somewhat similar to C. kodiacensis but molar teeth actually and relatively larger; color less mixed with dusky. Color.—Type (fall moult nearly complete): Sides of head, neck, and to a great extent, shoulders and nape, pale gray darkened in places by a blackish slate undercolor; eye-ring and subauricular spot pure white; forehead and crown burnt umber; middle of back and rump vandyke brown spotted with distinct quadrate grayish white spots from one-fourth to one-half an inch apart; underparts dull grayish white overlaying blackish slate except on middle of belly, where vestiges of an earlier pelage show creamy buff; under side of tail dark tawny medially, lateral hairs of new pelage with three to four black or dusky annulations each and a broad grayish white tip, hairs of pencil with one or two narrower dusky annulations and a broader black subterminal] section about 27 mm. in width; tip of tail grayish white; feet creamy white. Skull.—Similar to that of C. plesius but larger and heavier; nasals longer, relatively narrower, and more constricted posteriorly; molar teeth actually about as in plesiws, therefore relatively small; molar teeth much smaller than in barrowensis but larger than in Kodiacensis. Measurements.—T ype: Total length, 394; tail vertebrae, 103; hind foot, 60. Average of seven adult males from the type locality: Total length, 374 (859-394); tail vertebrae, 102 (95-108); hind foot, 59 (56-61). Skull of type: Basilar length of Hensel, 49; occipito-nasal length, 57.5; zygomatic breadth, 38; length of nasals, 21; alveolar length of molar series, 13.3. Remarks.—Spermophiles from the naturalized colony at Unalaska and from points on the Alaska Peninsula have in late years been tentatively referred to Spermophilus empetra, representing the form which will now be known as Citellus parryi, as in the absence of specimens from other localities this was the only safe course. The colony at Unalaska was stocked some years ago by Mr. Samuel Applegate, a Signal Service ob- server, who took the live squirrels from Nushagak, then called Fort Alexander, and liberated them at Unalaska. During the past year I secured good series of spermophiles from Nushagak and the region of the base of the Alaska Peninsula. /These of course agree with others from Unalaska and are easily separable from plesius aud kodiacensis, the only forms with which they need close comparison. Citellus nebulicola, sp. nov. Type from Nagai Island, Shumagin Ids., Alaska. No. 59,145 United States National Museum, ? ad., June 24, 1893. C. H. Townsend. Characters.—Similar to Citellus kodiacensis but smaller, shorter-tailed and apparently paler colored; skull small and light with relatively nar- row braincase and basioécipital. Color.—Similar in general to that of O. kodiacensis but paler, the black dnd black- -tipped hairs being much less numerous and the dusky about the nape and sidés of head being much reduced; tail also With less black than in kodiacensis: No. 16,424, yg. $, buff phase: Underparts Osgood—Two New Spermophiles from Alaska. 27 chiefly ochraceous, including chest, belly, forelegs, sides of face and neck; under side of tail tawny margined with buff and submargined with black for its distal half; forehead and crown mars brown; back nape, rump, etc. uniformly and closely spotted with creamy white quadrate spots on a ground of mixed black and russet. Skull.—Similar to that of C. kodiacensis but smaller and lighter; molar teeth actually about as in kodiacensis, decidedly smaller than in ablusus; nasals rather narrow and elevated along the median suture as in kodia- censis; basioccipital much narrower; audital bulle higher and fuller; braincase narrower. Measurements.—T ype (dry skin): Total length, 340; tail vertebrae, 82; hind foot, 53. Skullof type: Basilar length of Hensel, 42; occipito-nasal length, 49; zygomatic breadth, 32; length of nasals, 18; alveolar length of molar series, 12. Remarks.—The small series of five specimens of C. nebulicola which I have seen contains but one skin in good pelage and this is unaccompanied by askull. The others, including the type, are rather worn and unsat- isfactory for comparison but are paler than Xodiacensis in similar worn condition. The one skin showing fresh pelage is in a very ochraceous phase and shows much less mixture of blackish than kodiacensis in the same phase or stage of pelage. It is probable then that nebulicola will prove to be well characterized as far as color is concerned, at least in contrast with kodiacensis. The northern spermophiles of this group may be subdivided into two groups, one containing the large long- tailed forms with heavier teeth—parryi, barrowensis, and osgoodi—and another containing the smaller shorter-tailed forms with lighter teeth— plesius, ablusus, kodiacensis, and nebulicola. In the second group kodia- censis and nebulicola fall together on account of their smaller molar teeth as contrasted with plesivs and ablusus. According to reports which I received from natives at Kodiak, the spermophiles were first brought there some years ago from North Semidi Island which lies a short dis- tance west of Kodiak and between Kodiak and the Shumagin Islands. The relationship shown between C. kodiacensis and C. nebulicola is thus quite in accordance with their geographic positions. $74,0673 VoL. XVI, PP. 29-30 MARCH 19, 1903 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON TWO NEW PLANTS FROM NEW MEXICO. BY AVEN NELSON. Mr. and Mrs. Cockerell in their many collecting trips within the confines of New Mexico secure numerous specimens of great interest because of their limited representation in the herbaria or because of the fuller knowledge gained of the limits and variation of the species. As might be expected, in so large and even yet imperfectly understood a field as New Mexico, novelties are secured from time to time. The collectors have permitted the writer to study many of their numbers. Two of these are now proposed as new species. Nyctaginia Cockerellae, n. sp. Perennial, decumbent-spreading, with assurgent branches, 3-5 dm. high; stems and branches somewhat furrowed or angular, rough glandu- lar-pubescent especially upward; leaves triangular-hastate, 4-9 cm. long, somewhat fleshy, rough-pubescent or glabrate, mostly acute at apex, the margin irregular, abruptly contracted to the rather stout peti- ole which is about half the length of the blade; involucre 8-12 flowered; its bracts linear-lanceolate, about 1 cm. long; calyx about 28 mm. long, trumpet-shaped; its long slender tube pale-green, clammy glandular- hairy; its limb of 6 short plicate emarginate crimson-scarlet lobes; sta- mens usually 6 (rarely 8), exserted some 12-13 mm.; the slender fila- ments united with the tube from the throat down; style exceeding the stamens and like them magenta colored; fruit lightly ribbed. ll—PRoc. BIOL. Soc. WASH. Vou. XVI, 1903. (29) poe nen La nien Ines ip, soe “. a4 tin ™ 30 Nelson—Two New Plants from New Mexico. _A most distinct species, differing from J. capitata Chois. in its larger and subhastate leaves; in its calyx which has 6 emarginate lobes in contrast with 5 entire ones; in having 6 or 8 stamens which are united with the tube, in contrast with 5 nearly free ones; also in color and prob- ably in duration. The type (No. 59) was collected by Mrs. Wilmatte P. Cockerell (in whose honor the species is named) near Roswell, New Mexico, August, 1902. Mrs. Cockerell is an industrious student of the New Mexican flora and has found many interesting forms. It has also been collected near the same place by F. S. and Esther S. Earle, in 1900, No. 324. Type in Rocky Mountain Herbarium. Cryptanthe dicarpa, n. sp. Stems few to several from a very slender taproot, 8-15 cm. high, slender, moderately pubescent with rather long white softly-hispid widely-spreading hairs; leaves linear or very narrowly oblanceolate, 2-4 cm. long; spikes at length loosely-flowered; calyx-lobes distinct to the base, narrowly linear, almost reduced to the distinctly thickened midrib, the nutlets showing between them, about 3 mm. long in fruit; corolla white, its tube slightly dilated near the middle where the anthers are situated; nutlets grayish-white, only two maturing, these dissimilar, one larger more persistent and scabrous-roughened under a lens, the other minutely roughened-papillose. In a general way related to C. crassisepala and its allies but slender- stemmed and quite distinct in its fruit characters. The type is No. 30, collected by T. D. A. Cockerell, at Mesilla Park, N. M. (Middle Sonoran Zone), and is deposited in the Rocky Mountain Herbarium. 574 Ob 1% VOL. XVI, PP. 31-44 | MARCH 19, 1903 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON DESCRIPTIONS OF ELEVEN NEW MALAYAN MOUSE. DEER. BY GERRIT S. MILLER, Jr. [By permission of the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution.] The United States National Museum contains about two hun- dred Malayan mouse deer, most of which have been collected and presented by Dr. W. L. Abbott.* Two specimens of un- *See the following papers by the author of the present article: Mammals collected by Dr. W. L. Abbott on Islands in the South China Sea. y fogs > , BREAD Mri ang! 32 Miller—Eleven New Malayan Mouse Deer. usual interest have, however, been recently obtained through the kindness of Mr. B. 8. Rairden, United States Consul at Batavia, Java. Study of this material as it was received has already led to the discovery of thirteen new forms. To this number eleven are now added, none of which appears to have hitherto been described and named. Traguius lutescens, sp. nov. Type.—Adult male (skin and skull) No. 115,507 United States National Museum. Collected on Pulo Sugi Bawa, Rhio Archipelago, September 2, 1902, by Dr. W. L. Abbott. Orginal number 2011. Characters.—A member of the napu group somewhat resembling Tra- gulus canescens of the Malay Peninsula, but not as large, and color much more yellowish; dark nape stripe present but not sharply defined; dark throat stripes heavily shaded with black. Color.—Type: Back orange-buff, heavily clouded with blackish brown, but latter color not in excess of former. On sides the orange-buff fades rather abruptly through straw yellow to cream color, the black clouding at the same time becoming less noticeable and producing a finer grizzle, but this region is not distinctly contrasted with the back. Coarse fur of shoulders, neck, and nape orange-buff, of a tint somewhat lighter and duller than that of backs, and everywhere mixed with-blackish hairs. Along median line these are so much in excess as to produce a broad dark stripe slightly speckled with yellowish and fading without sharp line of demarkation into color of sides of neck. Elsewhere the black produces a mere inconspicuous grizzle in the orange-buff. The dark nape stripe is continued forward between ears and eyes nearly to muzzle. Pale superciliary stripe well defined, concolor with cheeks and sides of neck. Over middle of eye it isabout 10 mm. in width. Throat pattern normal, the two dark stripes with only a little more yellow than in nape band. Collar narrow but distinct, concolor with sides of body, therefore noticeably lighter than longitudinal dark bands. A clear orange-buff line extends forward from side of neck at level of front of dark throat stripes nearly to naked chin area where it meets its fellow of the opposite side. Ina second specimen this line is rather wider than the white throat stripes and the two unite to form a broad patch extending back 30 mm. from naked chin area. Chest, belly, and inner surface of legs white, the chest with a narrow brownish median line, the belly faintly washed with yellow. Ina second specimen this wash is much more extensive and many of the hairs producing it are tipped with blackish, causing a distinct clouding. Outer surface of legs like sides but slightly more yellow, the hind legs brightening to ochraceous above heel. Tail white beneath and at tip, dull orange-buff above, very slightly grizzled by a few blackish hair tips. Miller—Eleven New Malayan Mouse Deer. 33 Skull and teeth.—The skull and teeth, except for their markedly smaller size, do not differ appreciably frem those of Tragulus canescens and 7. napu. Measurements.—External measurements of type: total length, 563; head and body, 488; tail vertebrae, 75; hind foot, 131 (117); ear from meatus, 33; ear from crown, 28. Measurements of an adult female from the type locality: total length, 600; head and body, 510; tail vertebra, 90; hind foot, 131 (117); ear from meatus, 34; ear from crown, 30. Cranial measurements of type: greatest length, 105(110)*; basal length, 96.4 (105); basilar length, 90 (99); occipito-nasal length, 96 (99); length of nasals, 32 (29); greatest breadth of both nasals together, 10 (12); dias- tema, 9 (9.6); zygomatic breadth, 44 (49); least interorbital breadth, 26 (30); mandible, 82 (89); maxillary toothrow (alveoli), 34.6 (40); maxil- lary premolars (crowns), 17.4 (20); mandibular toothrow alysot)); 39 oo: mandibular premolars (crowns), 18 (22). Weight:—Type, 2.5 kg.; adult female from type locality, 3 kg. Specimens examined.—T wo, both from Pulo Sagi Bawa. Remarks.—This napu is so readily distinguished from alli previously known species by its small size, normal throat pattern and strongly yel- lowish color that it needs no special comparison with any. The two specimens are closely similar to each other except that the female is, as usual, the larger. Some trifling variations in color have already been noted, Tragulus flavicollis, sp. nov. Type.—I|mmature} female (skin and skull) No. 115,505 United States National Museum. Collected on Pulo Sugi, Rhio Archipelago, August 24, 1902, by Dr. W. L. Abbott. Original number 1957. Characters.—Much like Tragulus lutescens but yellower; nape stripe absent, and dark throat stripes very slightly shaded with black. Color.—The general color is essentially as in Tragulus lutescens, but the tawny element is everywhere more distinctly yellow, this most noticeable on cheeks and neck. On nape the sprinkling of blackish hairs is as inconspicuous as at sides of neck, so that there is no trace of a dark median stripe. Throat pattern normal, the dark bands very slightly more sprinkled with black than sides of neck. Collar very narrow. The anterior yellowish bands are only about 15 mm. in length, leaving the entire throat from chin to main throat stripes pure white. _Underparts as in the female specimen of Tragulus lutescens, but with less blackish clouding. Skull and teeth.—I can detect nothing to distinguish the skull and - teeth from those of Tragulus lutescens. *Measurements in parenthesis are those of an adult male Tragulus canescens from the Endau River, Johore. (No. 112,583.) {Uterus contained a small embryo. Milk premolars still in place, though muth worn. 34 Miller— Eleven New Malayan Mouse Deer. Measurements.—External measurements of type: total length, 600; head and body, 520; tail vertebra, 80: hind foot, 132 (117); ear from meatus, 37; ear from crown, 34. Skull: greatest length, 105; basal length, 98; zygomatic breadth, 44. Weight.—3 kg. Specimens ewamined.—One, the type. Remarks.—In the character of its neck and throat markings Tragulus flavicollis agrees with the small, bright 7. rufulus of. Tioman Island and represents the opposite extreme from Tragulus anne, in which the en- tire region is clear black. It only remains to discover species with the white of the throat obliterated by the encroachment of fulvous on the white bars to complete the possible variations of this pattern. Tragulus formosus, sp. nov. Type.—Adult. mate (skin and skull) No. 115,511 United States Nationa} Museum. Collected on Pulo Bintang, Rhio Archipelago, August 19, 1902, by Dr. W. L. Abbott. Original number 1907. Characters.—A member of the napu group similar in general appear- ance to Tragulus pretiosus of Linga Island, but with dark nape stripe — less defined, fulvous of neck and throat more red, and underparts usu- ally more washed with yellowish. Premolars larger than in 7. pretiosus. Color.—T ype: Upperparts bright orange-ochraceous darkening to och- raceous-rufous on neck and outer surface of legs and lightening to orange- buff on sides of body, the hairs everywhere drab at base and black at tip. The black tips are most conspicuous over middle of back, where they produce a heavy dark shading a little in access of the orange-och- raceous. On sides of body they are slightly less noticeable, and on sides of neck and head and outer surface of legs would readily escape observation. Crown and median line of neck black, both heavily sprinkled with ochraceous-rufous, the nape stripe so much soas to form no striking contrast with surrounding parts. Superciliary stripe distinct, about 7 mm. wide above eye, concolor with cheeks and sides of neck. Muzzle and ears blackish. Throat markings normal, the hairs of the dark bands blackish at base and heavily annulated with bright ochra- ceous-rufous. Collar narrow but distinct, its color intermediate between that of neck and sides of body. Underparts much like sides, but with a drab cast, except a pure white area on chest and another on hypogas- tric region, the former partly divided by a narrow brownish median fine. The posterior white area is continued down inner side of hind legs, bué that on chest is separated from white of i inner surface of front legs by a narrow yellowish drab line. Tail ochraceous-rufous above, pure white below and at tip. Skull and teeth. on cannot see that the skull differs from that of Tragulus pretiosus. The permanent premolars both above and below, are, however, distinctly larger than in the related animal. Measurements.—External measurements of type: total length, 600; Miller— Eleven New Malayan Mouse Deer. 35 head and body, 530; tail vertebrae, 70; hind foot, 137 (124); ear from meatus, 39; ear from crown, 36. Average of four adult males from the type locality: total length, 613 (600-631); head and body, 536 (530-546) ; tail vertebree, 77 (70-85); hind foot, 140 (137-142); hind foot without hoofs, 125.5 (124-127). Average of three adult females from the type locality: total length, 654 (620-693); head and body, 566 (535-593); tail vertebrae, 88 (80-100); hind foot, 141 (137-144); hind foot without hoofs, 126 (122-129). | Cranial measurements of type: greatest length, 106 (108)*; basal. length, 99 (101); basilar length, 94 (95); occipito-nasal length, 97 (99); length of nasals, 33 (33.6); greatest breadth of both nasals together, 10.6 (11.6); diastema, 10 (11); zygomatic breadth, 47 (49); least interorbital breadth, 27 (29); mandible, 86.4 (88); maxillary toothrow (alveoli), 37 (36); maxillary premolars (crowns), 19 (18); mandibular toothrow (alveoli), 42 (42); mandibular premolars (crowns), 19 (18.4). Weight.—Type, 3kg. Average of four-adult males, 3.5 (3-3.7). Aver- age of three adult females, 4 (3-4.3). Specimens examined.—Nine, all from Pulo Bintang. Remarks.—Though rather closely related to Tragulus pretiosus the napu of Bintang is readily distinguishable from that of Linga by its more intense color, particularly of the throat markings and neck, and by the larger premolars. Tragulus focalinus, sp. nov. 1777. ‘‘Animaleutus ex Java acceptus’’ Pallas, Spicilegia Zoologica, fasc. XII, p. 18, footnote under Antilopepygmea. No name. 1788. Moschus javanicus Gmelin, Syst. Nat., XIIled., I, p. 174. Based on Pallas. Not Cervus javanicus Osbeck, 1765, or Tragulus javani- cus of most recent authors. 1858. Tragulus pelandoc Blyth, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, XX VII, p. 277. Not Moschus pelandoc H. Smith, 1827. 1864. Tragulus javanicus A. Milne Edwards, Annales des Sciences Nat- urelles, 5e sér., Zoologie, II, p. 157. Not Cervus javanicus Osbeck. 1902. Tragulus pelandoc Stone and Rehn, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila- delphia, pp. 131, 132, June 4, 1902. Not Moschus petandoe H. Smith, 1827. Type.—Aadult female (skin and skull) No. 120,574 United States Na- tional Museum. Collected near Buitenzorg, Java, in October or Novem- ber, 1902. Received from B. 8. Rairden, U. S. Consul at Batavia. + Characters.—A member of the kanchil group distinguished from all *Measurements in parenthesis are those of the type of Tragulus pretiosus. + Under date of November 17, 1902, Mr. Rairden writes: “I have had considerable difficulty in obtaining these animals, and am indebted to Dr. van Romburgh of the Botanic Gardens at Buitenzorg for assistance.”’ 36 Miller—Eleven New Malayan Mouse Deer. others now known by the great width and distinctness of the tawny superciliary stripes, and by the grizzled gray neck strikingly contrasted with tawny body and head; no dark nape stripe; throat markings normal. Color.—Type:, Back raw-sienna, fading laterally through buff tothe cream-buff of sides, the hairs everywhere ecru-drab at base and blackish at tip. The black tips produce a faint dark median area along back, but at sides the buff and cream-buff predominate. The grizzle pro- duced by the dark and light colors is everywhere very fine and incon- spicuous. Entire neck coarsely grizzled gray, the individual] hairs black, each with a buffy white band 2-4 mm. in width at tip or just be- low. The gray area begins immediately behind cheeks and ears and continues to front of shoulder. At each end it passes abruptly into color of neighboring region. Anteriorly it shows a tendency to darken in the median line, but not enough to produce a dark nape band. Crown blackish, the hairs with dull inconspicuous tawny annulations. Cheeks and superciliary stripe dull orange-buff, a little speckled by dark hair tips, the superciliary stripe nearly as wide as the median dark area. Throat markings normal, the transverse bands united in front, and nearly con- color with neck, though slightly buff tinged. Collar like sides of body, but more strongly grizzled. Underparts and inner surface of legs pure white. Outer surface of legs raw-sienna, much brighter and more tinged with red on thighs. Tail raw-sienna above, pure white below and at tip. A second specimen from the type locality (immature male, No. 120,573) is in all respects similar except that the light annulations on neck are almost pure white, and the median line of chest and belly is washed with orange buff from just behind axille to level of thighs. | Skull and teeth.—The skull closely resembles that of Tragulus kanchit except that the rostrum is shorter and the audital bullae (in the two skulls examined) are narrower. Teeth asin Z7’ragulus kanehil. Measurements.—External measurements of type (from well made skin): total length, 410; head and body, 360; tail vertebra, 50; hind- foot, 105 (95); ear from meatus, 33; ear from crown, 26. Measurements of an immature male from the type locality (from well made skin): to- tal length, 410; head and body, 365; tail vertebra, 45; hind foot, 110 (100); ear from meatus, 30; ear from crown, 25. Cranial measurements of type: greatest length, 88 (90);* basal length, 81 (82); basilar length, 77 (76); occipito-nasal length, 82 (82); length of nasals, 21 (21.6); greatest breadth of both nasals together, 12 (12); dias- tema, 10 (8.8); zygomatic breadth, 41 (39); Jeast interorbital breadth, 26: (26); mandible, 65 (69); maxillary toothrow (alveoli), 32.4 (80.2); maxil- lary premolars (crowns), 16.2 (16.8*); mandibular toothrow (alveoli), 36 (35); mandibular premolars (crowns), 16 (17+). : Specimens examined.—T wo; both from the type locality. * Measurements in parenthesis are those of the immature male already referred to. +Milk teeth. Miller—Eleven New Malayan Mouse Deer. 87 Remarks.—The gray neck and broad, yellowish superciliary stripe im- mediately distinguish 7’ragulus focalinus from all other known members of the genus. Through the kindness of Mr. Witmer Stone of the Academy of Nat- ural Sciences of Philadelphia, I have before me the Javan specimen recorded by Stone and Rehn as Tragulus pelandoc. It is an adult male (permanent dentition in place, but unworn) with colors somewhat faded from long exposure to light. In color pattern it exactly agrees with the male of Tragulus focalinus, except that the transverse throat stripes do not meet in front, a character which is doubtless individual. In size, how- ever, it so much exceeds either of the specimens of 7. focalinus (hind foot, 116; greatest length of skull, 95) as to suggest that it represents a distinct form. The specific name pelandoc has been twice applied to a gray-necked Tragulus, by Blyth in 1858, and by Stone and Rehn in 1902. It was originally based, however, on the ‘‘Pelandok’’ of Raffles (Trans. Linn. Soc. London, XIII, p. 268, 1822) an animal which cannot be positively identified, but which is, so far as Rafiles’ account* and our present knowledge are concerned, not different from the Tragulas kanchil of Sumatra. : Tragulus virgicollis, sp. nov. Type.—Adult male (skin and skull) No. 83,941, United States National Museum. Collected at altitude of 3000 feet on Mt. Dulit, Sarawak, Borneo, in June, 1895, by Ernest Hose and Charles Hose. Characters.—Largest known member of the kanchil group (hind foot about 130). General color lighter and more yellow than in Tragulus _ kanchil; nape stripe clear black, narrow, and very sharply defined. Color.—Type: General color above buff-yellow, heavily clouded with black on back, slightly on sides, where the ground color becomes paler. Cheeks and neck clear orange-buff, the former somewhat bleached and grizzled. Nape stripe clear black, sharply defined, only about 12 mm. in width. Crown brownish, faintly grizzled with yellowish. Supercili- ary stripe narrow and obsolete, though faintly visible in certain lights. Throat pattern normal, the oblique stripes united in front. Both collar and oblique stripes are essentially concolor with sides of neck, though the latter are rather heavily clouded with dark brown. Underparts and inner surface of legs white. Median line with a dull buff-yellow stripe, narrow and tinged with brownish anteriorly, about 35 mm. wide at mid- dle of belly. Tail dull yellowish brown above, pure white below and at tip. : Skull and teeth.—The skull is similar to that of Tragulus kanchil ex- ***The Pelandok is the least of the three [the others are the napu and the kanchil] in point of height, but has proportionably a larger and heavier body: it has also a larger eye.” The context indicates that this statement rests on the authority of native accounts of the species. 38 Miller—Eleven New Malayan Mouse Deer. cept that it is larger and the rostral portion is more elongate. Teeth essentially as in the Sumatran animal, though the premolars appear to be less robust. Measurements.—External measurements of type (from wel] made skin): total length, 560; head and body, 470; tail vertebrae, 90; hind foot, 31.4 (19); ear from meatus, 35.6; ear from crown, 29. Cranial measurements of type: greatest length, 98 (92)*; basal length, 90 (86); basilar length, 86 (79); occipito-nasal length, 92 (88); length of nasals, 30.6 (30); greatest breadth of both nasals together, 13.8 (13.4); diastema, 11 (7); zygomatic breadth, 42 (40); least interorbital breadth, 27 (26); mandible, 75 (70.6); maxillary toothrow (alveoli), 32 (31); max- illary premolars (crowns), 15.4 (16); mandibular toothrow (alveoli), 36.4 (36); mandibular premolars (crowns), 16 (16.4). Specimens examined.—Three, the type from Mount Dulit, an adult male from Kinabatigan River and a female from the neighborhood of Sandakan. Remarks.—The two specimens from British North Borneo have been so injured by the action of a preservative fluid that their color cannot be compared with that of the type. The color pattern is, however, the same. In general color the Bornean kanchil is not unlike Fragulus yavus of the Malay Peninsula, but the back is more heavily clouded relatively to the sides, and the nape stripe is of a very different charac- ter. In Tragulus kanchil the black clouding on both back and sides is noticeably in excess of the light element in the color, while in the Bornean anima] this is true of the back only and even here to a distinctly less degree than in the Sumatran form. Fraguias natune, sp. nov. 1894. Tragulus javanicus Thomas and Hartert, Novitates Zoologice, I, p. 660. September, 1894. Not Cervus javanicus Osbeck. 1895. Tragulus javanicus Thomas and Hartert, Novitates Zoologicer, II, p. 492. December, 1895. Part, included 7. patlidus. 1901. Tragulus javanicus Miller, Proc. Washington Acad. Sei., III, p. 115. March 26, 1901. Type.—Adult female (skin and skull), No. 104,614 United States Na- tional Museum. Collected on Bunguran Island, North Natunas, July 9, 1900, by Dr. W. L. Abbott. Original number, 555. Characters.—In general similar to T’ragulus kanchil, but smaller (hind foot of females 112-118 mm.) and more yellow. Color.—The color pattern in all its details exactly resembles that of Tragulus kanchii but the ground color of upperparts is bright tawny- ochraceous instead of yellowish buff, and the black clouding is not in excess of the ground color. Nape band, broad and conspicuous, slightly * Measurements in parenthesis are those of an adult male 7ragulus kanchil from Tapanuli Bay, Sumatra (No. 114,426). Miller—Eleven New Malayan Mouse Deer. 39 speckled by the yellowish annulations of some of the hairs, its lateral boundaries not very sharply defined. Crown dull brown, distinctly not as dark as in 7’. kKanchil, and with most of the hairs noticeably annulated. Throat markings normal, the transverse dark bands united anteriorly. Both transverse bands and collar are ochraceous, but the former are distinctly clouded with a darker brown, much less so, however, than in Tragulus kanchil. Underparts with the usual yellowish markings; these not as dark asin 7. kanchil and showing more of a tendency to spread laterally. Skull and teeth.—The skull closely. resembles that of Tragulus virgi- collis, having a more elongate rostrum than in 7. kanchil. This is par- ticularly noticeable when the skulls are viewed from the side. The teeth do not, apparently, differ from those of the related species, but in the single male skull the premolars, both above and below, are remarkably heavy, and the first maxilliary tooth is strongly imbricated over the second. Measurements.—External measurements of type: total length, 523; head and body, 460; tail vertebre, 63; hind foot, 118 (106); ear from meatus, 31; ear from crown, 26. Average of five adult females from the type locality: total length, 524 (520-532); head and body, 468 (460-482); tail vertebre, 58 (50-70); hind foot, 116 (112-118); hind foot without hoofs, 103 (100-106). Skull of type: greatest length, 97; basal length, 92; zygomatic breadth, 43; diastema, 12. ; Weight.—Type 1.8 kg. Average of five females from Bunguran Island, 2 (1.8-2.3). Specimens examined.—Five skins and one extra skull, all from the type locality. Remarks.—Although Tragulus natune approaches the Bornean 7. vir- gicollis in its elongated rostrum and yellow color it is readily distin- guishable by its small hind foot and broad, not sharply defined nape stripe. The bright color alone is enough to separate it from Tragulus kanchil. With Tragulus pallidus of Pulo Laut, North Natunas it needs no comparison. Tragulus subrufus, sp. nov. 1902. Tragulus javanicus Miller, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, p. 148. June 11, 1902. Not Cervus javanicus Osbeck. Type.—Adult female (skin and skull) No. 113,119 United States Na- tional Museum. Collected on Sinkep Island, South China Sea, Septem- ber 5, 1901, by Dr. W. L. Abbott. Original number, 1285. Characters.—Similar to Tragulus kanchil but color above slightly more yellow; and underparts much more extensively washed with fulvous. Color.—The color above is slightly more yellow than that of Tragulus kanchil but not as bright asin 7. natunae. Ground color orange buff, slightly paler on sides, and everywhere clouded with black, though less than in the Sumatran animal. Neck and outer surface of limbs tawny- 40 Miller— Eleven New Malayan Mouse Deer. ochraceous a little grizzled by blackish hair tips. Upper surface of tail ochraceous-rufous washed with dark brown. Nape band broad and distinct but not sharply defined at sides, black with a few yellowish specks. Crown dark brown, faintly grizzled. Throat markings normal, slightly darker than in Tragulus kanchil. Underparts strongly washed with orange-buff along median line, this wash usually spreading toward sides and often separating white of chest from that of inguinal region. While there is some variation in this character the suffusion is always more extensive than in the Sumatran animal, so that when series are compared the difference is very noticeable. Skull and teeth.—The skull and teeth do not differ from those of Tragulus kanchit. Measurements.—External measurements of type: total length, 540; head and body, 470; tail vertebre, 70; hind foot, 125 (113); ear from meatus, 32; ear from crown, 28. Measurements of an adult male from the type locality: total length, 528; head and body, 450; tail vertebra, 78; hind foot, 120 (108.5). Skull of type: greatest length, 97; basal length, 90; zygomatic breadth, 42.6; diastema, 10.8. Weight.—Type, 2.27 kg. Adult male from type locality, 1.8 kg. Specimens examined.—Nineteen: five from Sinkep Island and fourteen (three in alcohol) from Linga Island. : Remarks.—In a certain degree this species is intermediate between the dull, dark, Tragulus kanchil of Sumatra, and the very bright 7’. natune. It is readily distinguishable from both of the related species. Tragulus rubeus, sp. nov. Type.—Adult female (skin and skull) No. 115,522 United States Na- tional Museum. Collected on Pulo Bintang, Rhio Archipelago, August 20, 1902, by Dr. W. L. Abbott. Original number, 1914. Characters.—Similar to Tragulus subrufus but with slightly larger skull and teeth and brighter colors. Color.—Upperparts deep ochraceous-rufus, fading to tawny-ochrace- ous on sides and brightening to tawny on neck and outer surface of limbs. The back and sides are heavily clouded with black, about as in Tragulus kanchil. Underparts asin 7. subrufus except that the fulvous is everywhere brighter and more red, very nearly approaching the och- raceous-rufous of Ridgway. Skull and teeth.—The skull and teeth resemble those of Tragulus sub- rufus except that both average slightly larger. Measurements.—External measurements of type: total length, 543; head and body, 478; tail vertebra, 65; hind foot, 125 (113); ear from meatus, 36; ear from crown, 32. Twoadult males from the type locality ’ (Nos. 115,519 and 115, 521) measure respectively: total length, 545 and 522; head and body, 465 and 457; tail vertebrae, 75 and 65; hind foot, 120 (108) and 118 (106). Skull.of type: greatest length, 99; basal length, 91; sygomatic breadth, 41. Miller—Eleven New Malayan Mouse Deer. 41 Weight.—Type, 2.4 kg. Adult male (No. 115,519) 1.8 kg. Specimens excamined.—Five, all from the type locality. Remarks.—This species differs from all other known members of the kanchil group in its dark, rich color and broad but inconspicuous nape stripe. Its characters are in every way parallel with those of the napu of the same island. Tragulus ravulus, sp. nov. 1900. Tragulus javanicus Miller, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, XIII, p. 192. December 21, 1900. Part, specimens from Pulo Adang. Not Cervus javanicus Osbeck. Type.—Adult female (skin and skull), No. 104,717, United States Na- tional Museum. Collected on Pulo Adang, Butang Islands, December 16, 1899, by Dr. W. L. Abbott. Original number, 161. Characters.—Similar to Tragulus ravus of Trong, Lower Siam, but smaller, the neck paler, and the nape stripe more ill defined. Qolor.—The color so closely resembles that of Tragulus ravus* as to need no detailed description. The back and sides are light ochraceous- buff clouded with black, the two colors almost equally mixed, though the black is a little in excess on back. Throat markings and under- parts as in 7. ravus. Neck a lighter shade of ochraceous than in the mainland animal, and nape stripe ill contrasted with surrounding parts. Skull and teeth.—The skull is not distinguishable from that of Tragulus ravus, but the teeth, particularly the upper premolars, appear to be more robust. The material at hand, however, is not extensive enough to prove that this character is constant. Measurements.—External measurements of type: total length, 525; head and body, 450; tail vertebra, 75; hind foot, 113 (103); ear from meatus, 32; ear from crown, 27. Measurements of an adult male from the type locality: total length, 518; head and body, 455; tail vertebra, 63; hind foot, 112 (102). Skull of type: greatest length, 96; basal aries 89; zygomatic breadth, 41.8; diastema, 11. Weight.—Type1.8kg. Adult male, 1.6 kg. Specimens ecamined.—T wo, both from Pulo Adang. Remarks.—Although closely related to Tragulus ravus the kanchil of Pulo Adang appears to be sufficiently distinct to need recognition by name, though relative unfamiliarity with the group led me in 1900 to place it with the mainland form. . Tragulus lancavensis, sp. nov. 1900. Tragulus javanicus Miller, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, XIII, p. 192. December 21, 1900. Part, specimens from Pulo Lankawi. Not Cervus javanicus Osbeck. *See Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, XV, p. 173. August 6, 1902. 42 Miller—Eleven New Malayan Mouse Deer. Type.—Adult female (skin and skull), No. 104,412 United States Na- tional Museum. Collected on Pulo Lankawi, off west coast of Malay Peninsula (about 75 miles north of Penang), December 7, 1899, by Dr. W. L. Abbott. Original number, 132. * Characters.—Similar to Tragulus ravus but general color slightly more yellow and underparts extensively washed with orange-buff. Color.—The color is very similar to that of Tragulus ravus, but the ochraceous-buff of the upperparts is noticeably brighter and more yellow, particularly that of back and sides. Chest and anterior half of belly strongly washed with dull orange-buff along median line, this suf- fusion tending to spread at sides so as to separate white of inguinal re- gion from that of front part of chest. While this character is not wholly constant, it is sufficiently prevalent to impart a very different aspect to series of specimens of the two species. Skull and teeth.—The skull and teeth do not differ appreciably from those of Tragulus ravus, though they probably average somewhat larger. Measurements.—External measurements of type: total length, 520; head and body, 455; tail vertebre, 65; hind foot, 117 (105); ear from meatus, 34; ear from crown, 29. Average of six aduli females from the type locality: total length, 521 (505-545); head and body, 456 (435-480); tail vertebra, 65 (65-65); hind foot, 118 (115-119); hind foot without hoofs, 105.5 (102-107). Skull of type: greatest length, 99; basal length, 94; zygomatic breadth, 42; diastema, 12. Specimens examined.—Thirteen, all from Pulo Lankawi. Remarks.—The more extensive material now at hand brings to light differences between this animal and the mainland from which passed unnoticed when I examined the island series in 1900. The yellowish suffusion on the underparts suggests that of the bright colored species from Sinkep, Linga, and the Rhio Archipelago, but is much less intense. Tragulus lampensis sp. nov. Type.—Adult female (skin and skull) No. 104,429, United States Na- -tional Museum. Collected on Pulo Lampee or Sullivans Island, Mergui Archipelago, February 4, 1900, by Dr. W. L. Abbott. Original number, 299. / Characters.—Similar to Tragulus lankavensis, but yellower throughout, particularly on underparts. Color.—The color is in general like that of Tragulus ravus and T. lan- cavensis, but is more strongly yellow than in either. The wash on the underparts is of the same extent as in 7. lancavensis, but isa bright orange-buff. Skull and teeth.—I cannot see that the skull and teeth differ from those of the related species. Miller—Eleven New Malayan Mouse Deer. 43 Measurements.—External measurements of type: total length, 515; head and body, 460; tail vertebra, 55; hind foot, 118 (108); ear from meatus, 33; ear from crown, 27. Two other adult females (Nos. 104,430 and 104,431) measure respectively: total length, 500 and 540; head and body, 485 and 470; tail vertebrae, 65 and '70; hind foot, 113 (104) and 118 (108). Skull of type: greatest length, 97; basal length, 91; zygomatic breadth, 42; diastema, 10. Specimens examined.—Three, all from Sullivans Island. 574,0673 - VOL. XVI, PP. 45-46 MARCH 19, 1903 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON THREE NEW PLANTS FROM NEW MEXICO. BY AVEN NELSON AND T. D. A. COCKERELL. The material on which this paper is based has already been described in a general way in the preceding article. It was collected by Mr. and Mrs. Cockerell and has been studied conjointly by Professor Nelson and Mr. Cockerell. Humulus Lupulus neomexicanus, n. var. Leaves divided or sometimes parted, the segments varying from broadly lanceolate to nearly linear, acuminate, freely sprinkled with resin particles on the lower face; fruiting bracts ovate-lanceolate, usu- ally acuminate, finely pubescent. The hop indigenous in New Mexico seems to possess these characters in variance with the usual and more widely distributed form and may probably best stand as a variety. The type of the variety is No. 14, T. D. A. Cockerell, Beulah, N. M. (Canadian Zone) August, 1902. It is also abundant on the Vallé Ranch, Pecos, N. M., and was collected by Professor Wooton in the White Mountains of that State (No. 294). Polemonium pterospermum, n. sp. Low, 1-2 dm. high, glabrate below, glandular-puberulent above and in the inflorescence; stems several, spreading or decumbent at base, terete but for a few acute longitudinal ridges, very leafy, especially 13—PRoc. BIOL. Soc. WASH. VOL, XVI, 1903. (45) , WQo FA inesiz,~ : Vw Wigs 46 Nelson and Cockerell—New Plants from New Mexico. above; leaves broadly oblong in outline, 4-6 cm. long; the segments oblong, acute, 8-12 mm. long; the lower distinct and subpetiolate, the terminal crowded and slightly confluént; the petiole short or in the uppermost leaves wanting; flowers terminal or from the uppermost axils, in congested corymbs; calyx-lobes about equaling the campanu- late tube; corolla purple, campanulate, 10-12 mm. long, quite as broad, the tube short, its lobes broadly ovate, moderately obtuse; filaments narrowly margined, shorter than the corolla, somewhat incurved, glab- rous but involved in dense fine pubescence at the insertion; style fili- form; the stigmas narrowly linear, exserted; ovules few, apparently only 2 or 3 maturing; the seeds narrowly wing-margined and subcon- cave ventrally. This species has for its nearest allies P. filicinum Greene and P. Arch- tbaldae A. Nelson, but it is a much smaller plant than either, with larger corolla and very different seeds. Collected at Cloudcroft, Sacramento Mountains (Canadian Zone), N. M., by T. D. A. Cockerell, September, 1900. Type in Rocky Mountain Herbarium. Mertensia caelestina, n. sp. Low and leafy, 5-15 em. high, perfectly gabrous except for the ciliate- scabrous edges of the leaves and the calyx-lobes; leaves 2-3 cm. long, elliptic-oblong, tapering to both ends, subacute, the basal short-petioled; flowers congested in terminal clusters; pedicels short, slender; calyx cleft nearly to the base; calyx-lobes linear, subacute, about 5 mm. long; corolla dark-blue about 12 mm. long, tube a little longer than the calyx and the limb, the lobes broadly or truncately obtuse, the pubescence of the ring at the base coarse and conspicuous, appendages of the throat yellow; filaments dilated, as broad as or broader than the anther. Collected by Mrs. Wilmatte P. Cockerell, No. 40, Truchas Peaks, N. M., above timber line (Arctic-Alpine Zone), 1902. Type in Cockerell Herbarium. : - STY. 067% VOL. XVI, PP. 47-48 MARCH 19, 1903 PROCEEDINGS . OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON TWO NEW WOOD RATS (GHNUS NEOTOMA) FROM STATE OF COAHUILA, MEXICO. BY C. HART MERRIAM. Among the mammals collected by E. W. Nelson and E. A. Goldman in Coahuila, Mexico, in the spring of 1902, are two new species of Veotoma, which may be characterized as follows. Neotoma navus, sp. nov. Type from Sierra Guadalupe, Coahuila, Mexico. No. 116,895, 9 ad., U. S. National Museum, Biological Survey Collection. April 26, 1902. KE. W. Nelson and E. A. Goldman. Original No. 15,130. Characters.—Size medium; tail rather long; earsmedium. Similar to N. mexicana but tail decidedly longer; frontals expanded posteriorly un- like the previously known members of the mexicana group; anterior lobe of first upper molar cut in two by deep notch on inner side, as in meaz- cand. Pe Color.—Ground color of upperparts buffy ochraceous, moderately, evenly, and rather inconspicuously lined with black hairs; sides of face buffy ochraceous, the color reaching forward to nose (not stopping under eye as in mexicana); fore feet from wrists and hind feet from ankles white; head grayish; tail sharply bicolor, narrowly dusky above, broadly white below; underparts white, the plumbeous underfur showing through posteriorly; axille salmon. Cranial characters.—Skull and teeth rather slender, about as in J. mexicana, which appears to be its nearest relative; bulle small; pre- maxille exceeding nasals. The skull differs from that of mexicana in 14—PROC. BIOL. Soc. WASH. VOL, XVI, 1903. (47) — a one 0 ae . en wen Ines} SS, ie tuteN — a, B22 ,.amMm 8 csesinrn 48 Merriam—Two\New Wood Rats. having the frontals expanded posteriorly, forming supraorbital shelves; anterior root of zygoma more slender, with smaller antorbital notches; bulle decidedly smaller and less inflated anteriorly. Measurements.—Type ( 2): Total length, 350; tail vertebrae, 164; hind foot, 34. Adult male from same place: total length, 330; tail vertebra, 152; hind foot, 36. Skull of type.—Basal length, 37; zygomatic breadth, 21.5; palatal length, 21.5; diastema, 12; upper molar series on alveolus, 8.5. Neotoma goldmani, sp nov. Type from Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico. No. 116,894, ¢ yg. ad., U.S. National Museum, Biological Survey Collection. April 18,1902. E. W. Nelson and E. A. Goldman. Original No. 15,101. Characters.—Size small; tail rather short, sharply bicolor; ears rather large; color grayish, becoming buffy ochraceous on flanks. Skull small, similar in general to that of desertorum but much smaller, with strik- ingly smaller bulle; anterior lobe of first upper molar single and with- out anterior notch. Color.—Upperparts buffy grayish, becoming buffy ochraceous on flanks; back well sprinkled with black tipped hairs, most abundant on posterior half; head and face gray, washed with buffy ochraceous on cheeks; underparts and feet white; tail above dark brown (nearly black in fresh pelage); below white or nearly white. Cranial characters.—Skull small, light, and smoothly rounded, even in old age; frontals flat interorbitally, broad anteriorly and not expanded posteriorly (much as in meaicana but relatively broader and flatter); nasals narrowly wedgeshape, truncate behind; premaxillz reaching far beyond nasals and somewhat expanded posteriorly; interparietal subtri- angular, long transversely, strongly convex anteriorly. Remarks.—Neotoma goldmani isa very small species with a peculiar combination of cranial and dental characters. It does not require close comparison with any known species. Measurements.—Average of four from type locality: total length, 279; tail vertebrae, 128; hind foot, 30. Skull of an adult male from type locality: basal length, 33; zygomatic breadth, 19; palatal length, 18.2; diastema, 11; interorbital breadth, 5.5; upper molar series, 17. 514.0673 VOL. XVI, PP. 49-52 MARCH 19, 1903 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON GENERAL NOTES. Three fishes new to the fauna of New Mexico. When in the Pecos Valley last August, I obtained three species of small fishes, which have been very kindly identified by Dr. B. W. Ever- mann, and appear to be new to the fauna of our Territory. Etheostoma lepidum (Baird and Girard). Dimmit Lake, near Roswell. The lake is small but very deep, at the base of the gypsum bluffs which skirt the Rio Pecos. Notropis macrostomus Girard, and Tetragonopterus argentatus Baird and Girard, both from North Spring River, just north of Roswell.—T. D. A. Cockerell. Note on Phoca nigra Pallas, In a recent paper on ‘The Hair Seals (Family Phocide) of the North Pacific Ocean and Bering Sea’ (Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., XVI, 1902, pp. 459-499), I suggested (7. ¢., p. 483, foot note) that as Pallas’s name Phoca nigra (1811), based on a young fur seal from the Kurile Islands, has priority over Callorhinus cwrilensis Jordan and Clark (1899), the Kurile Islands species would have to stand as Callotaria nigra (Pallas). I over- looked the fact, however, that Phoca nigra Pallas is preoccupied by Phoca grenlandica var. nigra Kerr (1792). Consequently the Kurile Fur Seal will stand as Callotaria curilensis (Jordan and Clark).—J. A. Allen, 15—PROCc. BIOL. Soc. WASB. VOL. XVI, 1903. a, fw (MAR 19 191903. _aonian “= 50 General Notes. A new name for Mus atratus Miller. The name Mus atratus which I recently applied to a rat from the Nicobar Islands (Proc. U. 8S. National Museum, XXIV, p. 767, May 28, 1902) is preoccupied by Mus atratus Philippi (Annales del Museo Na- cional de Chile, Entrega 14, p. 57, 1900). It may therefore be replaced by Mus atridorsum.— Gerrit 8. Miller, Jr. A new name (Hoplias) for the genus Macrodon of Muller. The name Macrodon was given by Johannes Miller in 1842 for a well- known genus of Hrythrinotd or Characinoid fishes. Although univer- sally adopted since that time, it must be abandoned for the genus in ‘question, inasmuch as it had been given as early as 1822 by Schinz, as a substitute for Ancylodon of Cuvier (1817), another preoccupied name (1811). The new designation Hoplias is proposed instead, and Hoplias taretra (Macrodon trahira Miller) or malabarieus is the type.—Theo. Gill. The technical name of the Indian Flying Fox. Pteropus medius, the current name for the flying fox of India, is not tenable. It dates from 1827, the year in which Temminck issued the first volume of his ‘ Monographies de Mammalogie’ (the name is pro- posed on page 176), and, although earlier than Hodgson’s Pteropus leu- cocephalus and McClelland’s Pteropus assamensis, assuming that all three refer to the same animal, is itself antedated by the Vespertilio gigantea of Brinnich. This name was published at Copenhagen in 1782, on page 45 of a little-known book, a small quarto volume containing seventy-six pages and seven plates, entitled: ‘‘Dyrens Historie og Dyre-Samlingen udi Universitetets Natur-Theater. Foérste Bind.’’* Although the bat is not among the species figured the description is detailed and accurate. The fact that the account was based ona stuffed specimen from Bengal, while Temminck’s animal was collected at Calcutta, removes the last element of doubt as to the equivalence of the names. The common flying fox of India must therefore be known as Pteropus giganteus.— Gerrit S. Miller, Jr. * This work, of which only the first volume appears to have been pub- lished, was brought to my attention by Dr. Leonhard Stejneger. The new names that it contains are not mentioned by Fischer, Dobson, or Trouessart, but are all cited by Sherborn. General Notes. 51 A note on the.Florida Phoebe. Through the kindness of Mr. Outram Bangs of Boston, and Mr. C. J. Maynard of West Newton, and through information received, in litterts, from Mr. William Palmer of Washington I am able to adjust so far as it is possible, with all the data that there is any prospect of obtaining, the relationships of the Florida Phoebe mentioned in ‘‘Notes on Various Florida Birds’’ (Contr. N. Amer. Ornith., Vol. I., May 21, 1902, p. 30). In February, 1846, John Gundlach observed near Cardenas, Cuba, a pair of Phcebes, probably, though he does not state so, shooting both birds, as in his description he mentions peculiarities of both sexes. In 1850, Juan Lembeye, in his ‘‘Aves de la Isla de Cuba’’ (p. 41), included the species Muscicapa fusca Gmel., describing carefully both plumage and habits, evidently from the notes of Gundlach made in 1846 (see ‘Pro- logo,’ p. 6), and from a specimen No. 169 in the ‘Col. of Gundl.’’ Later in 1852, Gundlach, in the Boston Journal of Natural History (Vol. VI, p. 314), described, evidently from the same specimen or specimens, an in- sular race, Muscicapa lembeyet, giving as Sanetut description and measure- ments as did Lembeye himself. It is evident therefore that Lembeye and Gundlach knew of only one pair of Pheebes to have visited Cuba, and although that island has had little extended ornithological investigation yet, recent collectors have failed to record the species. Mr. Palmer writes me that on his late visit to Cuba he saw a specimen of the Pheebe in the Gundlach museum [prob- ably the same No. 169] but that the ‘‘Gundlach cases were so made that it was impossible to get at the birds.”’ To recapitulate: It is evident from Lembeye’s and Gundlach’s de- scriptions that the specimen or specimens they had were either strag- glers from Florida or that the bird is a rare resident of Cuba, and for the resident southern Florida Pheebe there is no alternative but to use Gund- lach’s name, provided it is thought the form deserves to be recognized at all. When I first examined Mr. Maynard’s series of specimens from Enter- prise, which show the brownish cast of plumage so often characteristic of the peninsular birds, I thought the race one decidedly worth recog- nizing, but a further examination of specimens from Miami and else- where proves that this coloring is not constant, and careful measure- ments also show that the greater size of the Florida bird does not always hold true. It may be well to mention now while the subject is under discussion, that the type of Gundlach’s lembeyei is without much doubt No. 169 in the Gundlach museum in Cuba, an example probably taken at Cardenas in February, 1846.—Reginald Heber Howe, Jr. et 52 General Notes. A new subgenus for Nyctaginia Cockerellae. By the characters mentioned, Nyctaginia Cockerellae A. Nelson (Proc. Biol. Soc., Washington, XVI, p. 29), seemed to me to differ generically, but I am willing to follow Professor Nelson’s decision to the contrary. N. Cockerellae forms, however, at least a distinct subgenus or section, which may be called Itoswellta.—T. D. A. Cocherell. On the name of the common American Eel The name of the common American eel is now generally conceded to be Anguilla chrysypa Rafinesque, and the reference is given as ‘‘ The American Monthly Magazine and Critical Review, Vol. II, p. 120 (Dec., 1817),’’ the article in which it is contained being entitled ‘‘ First Decade of New North American Fishes, by C. 8S. Rafinesque.”’ Messrs. Jordan and Evermann, in the ‘‘ Fishes of North and Middle America’’ (Bulletin 47, U.S. Nat. Mus. Vol. I, p. 348, 1896), give the derivation as from yevéos, gold, and vzo, below. But on referring to the original article, we find that Rafinesque spells the word ‘‘chrisypa,’’ the derivation for the word in this form being Ypiézs (from ypé@) mean- ing an anointing, a besmearing, and vzo, below. In his account of the eel, he gives the vernacular names, referring to it as ‘‘Gold-Kel, Silver- Eel, Lake-Kel, Gold-Breast, etc.’’ It is from this last mentioned name that the confusion doubtless arose. Although there is no way of ascertaining which of these derivations is correct, whether Rafinesque really meant to turn the name ‘‘Gold- Breast ’’ into Greek and made a slip, or whether he intended to refer to the slimy character of the fish, it seems best to retain the original spell- ing as given by him, as it is just as plausible as that adopted, and we are not now in a position to make really certain which idea he entertained, .as all that he has left us is the name chrisypa., As regards the name Jostoniensis of Le Sueur, on looking up the refer- ence (Jour. Phil. Acad. I, p. 81) we find that it was given in a paper en- titled “A short description of five (supposed) new species of the genus Mureena discovered by Mr. Le Sueur in the year 1816,’’ which was read before the society on August 19th, 1817. As Rafinesque’s name is dated in his article December, 1817, bostontensts would seem to have priority over chrisypa. But we find that Le Sueur’s name was not published un- til 1821, whereas Rafinesque’s appeared in 1817. Therefore, the name of the common American eel should stand as Anguilla chrisypa, Rafinesque.—Austin H. Clark. Vou. XVI, PP. 53-54 MAY 6, 1903 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON A NEW REITHRODONTOMYS FROM WESTERN NEBRASKA. BY MERRITT CARY. Among some mammals collected by me in the Sand Hill re- gion of Nebraska, in the spring and fall of 1901, is a well marked species of Reithrodontomys which has hitherto remained undescribed. It may be known from the following description: Reithrodontomys albescens sp. nov. Type from 18 miles northwest of Kennedy, Nebraska, $ adult, No. 116,- 358, United States National Museum, Biological Survey Collection. Col- lected October 31, 1901, by Merritt Cary. Original number 411. General characters.—Size small; tail short (ratio of length of tail to total length 45); colors extremely pale; pelage long, full and soft; ears small, with two distinct black spots. Color.—Sides pale buffy gray; dorsum darker and plain gray, or with a tinge of buff; lateral line, between the pinkish buff and cream buff of Ridgway, continuous from cheeks to thighs; sides of nose, lower portion of cheeks, throat, forelegs and rest of underparts pure white; tail well haired, sharply bicolor, the dark line on upper surface narrow; upper surfaces of feet white. Oranial characters.—Compared with nebracensis from the same type locality the skull is much smaller (averaging 1.62 mm. shorter, and 8 mm. narrower across mastoids, in aseries of 5 adults), with relatively shorter rostrum and narrower interparietal; nasals less deeply concave above. 16—PrRoc. Bron. Soc. WASH. VOL, XVI, 1903. (53) + 54 Cary—New Reithrodontomys from Nebraska. Measurements. — Three adult specimens from type locality average: total length, 125; tail vertebrae, 53.5; hind foot, 16.6. Type: Total length, 124; tail vertebrae, 54; hind foot, 16.5. Skull of type: Basal length, 15.7; occipito-nasal length, 19.7; nasals, 17.4; zygomatic breadth, 10.5; mastoid breadth, 9. Specimens ecamined.—Total number 18, from the following localities: Nebraska: Neligh 11, Kennedy 5, Cody 1. South Dakota: Belle Fourche River (15 miles from mouth) 1. Distribution.—Sand hill region of central and western Nebraska, and western South Dakota. Limits of range unknown. Habits.—This species, so far as at present known, occurs only in sand hills, or on sandy land, where it appears to subsist to a large extent on seeds of various grasses. Near Kennedy, in October, I secured several specimens by overturning millet shocks in a sandy field. When un- covered the little fellows would scurry to their nest for refuge. The nests were compact little balls of fine grass, and were either on or just beneath the surface of the ground under the shock. A small open- ing on one side led into a little cavity in the interior, in which was a store of millet seeds. At both Kennedy and Neligh, in sand bur and weed patches in the sand hills albescens and nebracensis were about equally abundant, but traps set in meadows or marshy tracts secured only nebracensis. Remarks.—This handsome little species requires no close comparison with any described Reithrodontomys. From nebracensis it differs in much smaller size and paler coloration, entirely lacking the strong fulvous suffusion. The ears are relatively much shorter, and the rusty hairs at their bases are scarcely noticeable, or entirely wanting. ‘The tail is much more sharply bicolor and the black stripe is confined to the upper fourth. One October specimen from Kennedy, and two November specimens from Neligh, are pale ashy gray, with no trace of the buff. Whether or ‘not this is the normal winter pelage is yet to be determined. A June specimen from Belle Fourche River, South Dakota, consid- ered by Allen (Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., N. Y. VII, p. 123, 1895,) a pale specimen of nebracensis, seems to be referable to albescens. VOL. XVI, PP. 55-58 MAY 6, 1903 PROCEEDINGS OF THE — BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON A NEW GENUS AND SPECIES OF DRAGONFLY FROM BRAZIL. BY JAMES G. NEEDHAM. Having used a figure of the wings of this species in a paper soon to be issued in the Proceedings of the U.S. National Museum, I herewith make public the full description of both genus and species. Cyanocharis gen. nov. Allied to Heliocharis: Fam. Calopterygidae of Odonata. Nodus mid- way between base and apex of wing. Two hypertrophied antenodal crossveins, the straight arculus situated just beyond the first of these. ‘Extra half antenodal crossveins in the basal subcostal space, but no crossveins traversing the space before the arculus. Quadrangle divided by a single crossvein. Subquadrangle open, longer than the quadrangle, but hardly more than half as wide. Anal margin coincident with the anal vein almost as far as the subquadrangle. Vein M,_, separating from vein M, just beyond the quadrangle by a stalk so transverse it ap- pears as a crossvein, and then fused in one or two places with vein R. Vein M, separating from vein M, aspace beyond the subnodus. Stigma large, very oblique at its proximal end. A single long interpolated sector between veins M, and M,. The radial sector stronger than ad- jacent veins and slightly bent forward beyond the nodus. Vein Cu, forked with two rows of cells included in the fork. Legs very long and slender, with numerous exceedingly short spines, the femora arcuate. Claws minutely bifid at extreme apex. Superior abdominal appendages of the male simple, curved; the inferiors rudimentary. Type, Cyanocharis valga sp. nov. 17—PRoc. BIoL. Soc. Wash. VOL, XVI, 1903. (55) 56 Needham—New Genus and Species of Dragonfly. This genus is intermediate in a number of characters between He- Kiocharis and Dicterias of the same region, but seems allied to the for- mer by more important characters. It differs, however, from Helioch- aris in the separation of vein M,_, from vein M, close beyond the quad- rangle, and in its subsequent fusion with the radius, and in the con- dition of its antenodal crossveins. It differs utterly from Dicterias in the arrangement of its interpolated © sectors, in the remoteness of the nodus from the base of the wing, in the form and position of the posterior branch of the cubitul vein, and in type of coloration. Cyanocharis valga sp. nov. Length, 62 mm; abdomen, 44 mm; hind wing, 35 mm. Colors greenish-blue and black. Head blackish, with the labrum, the post-clypeus, and the occiput behind the eyes greenish. Antennae black, the second joint twice as long as the first and but half as thick, the remaining five joints together but little longer than the second, each of them a little shorter than the one before it. Mouth strongly pro- jecting, the squarely cut post-clypeus being horizontal, the ante-cly- peus vertical and the labrum sloping. Median ocellus large, lying ina wide longitudinal furrow; lateral ocelli smaller, each confined to the outer aspect of a conical vertical spine. A [-shaped sulcus behind the ocelli sharply defines the occipital crest, which is thinly fringed with tawriry hairs. Prothorax blackish, fenestrate with green, three greenish patches on either side, a twin spot of paler green upon the middle, and a broad greenish crescent lying transversely upon the rather prominently elevat- ed, black bordered posterior lobe. Thorax with blackish carinae. Ground color greenish blue (turquoise blue), with narrow stripes of brown on all the sutures, the! middorsal one divided by the black of the . carina. There is alsoa well developed, isolated, antehumeral stripe of brown. Legs excessively long and slender, appearing bare by reason of the minuteness of their numerous spines. Hind and middle femora slightly, and fore femora and tibiae strongly curved. Claws with a very minute tooth so near the tip that it appears bifid, hardly distinguishable in the front tarsus. Wings hyaline, slightly tinged with brown at the extreme tip: stigma brown. Antenodal crossveins 18 in the fore wing and 15 in the hind wing, with 4-5 half antenodals additional in the basal subcostal space: 17 and 14 postnodals in the fore and hind wing respectively. Stigma long, covering 5-6 cells, and reaching nearly to the wing apex, there being but three minute crossveins.in the space beyond it. Bet- ween veins M, and M, are five interpolated sectors, only the middle one being of more than a few cells length: between Rs and M, are four sec- tors, the third longest: there are two sectors between M, and Rs, two bet-. ween M, and Cu,, and two behind Cu,, the second of these appearing as Needham—New Genus and Species of Dragonfly. 57 a branch: there is a single row of cells, except at the extreme margin between M, and My, and between Cu, and Cu,. The fusion of veins M,-. with the radius occurs just before the second hypertrophied ante- nodal crossvein. Abdomen cylindric, greenish blue dorsally, with dagger-shaped mark of black upon the dorsum of each segment, the color and markings be- coming obscured apically in the type specimen (perhaps from fading). Segments 3-7 of equal length: segments 8, 9 and 10 each successively one-third shorter than the preceding segment. Superior appendages a little longer than the 10th segment, simple, depressed beyond the base, a little arcuate with the tips slightly convergent, rounded without, but with a fine longitudinal carina within, and armed wlth minute prickles dorsally and toward.apex: color black, with the extreme apex yellow. Inferior appendages rudimentary. Poco Grande, Brazil, January 13, 1898, Mr. Adolph Hempel, collector. The type is in the Cornell University Collection. VoL. XVI, PP. 59-60 MAY 6, 1903 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON A NEW SPECIES OF FLYING LIZARD FROM SARA- WAK, BORNEO. BY THOMAS BARBOUR. The following species which does not appear to have been previously characterized is one found among a considerable number of Reptiles and Batrachians collected in Borneo. Draco gracilis, sp. nov. This species approaches Draco cornutus in its general proportions; but it differs from the latter in coloration, squamation, and number of labials. Description.—Habit slender. Head moderate; length of snout about equal to orbital diameter. Nostril lateral, directed outward. The hind limb pressed forward reaches the fore limb pressed backward at a point about half-way between wristandelbow. Tympanum naked, with scales encroaching somewhat from the margins; smaller than eye opening. A prominent tubercle on the posterior part of the supraciliary region. A rather small nuchal crest, consisting of a single row of triangular scales. Crown scales, dorsals, and ventrals keeled. The nuchals and scales on temple are very slightly or not at all carinate. There is a row of triangular spinelike scales along each side of the body, just at the base of the wing membrane. The gular pouch is longer than head, and of the thirteen upper labials the last is the largest. Color (alcoholic specimen). Dorsal surfaces light greyish brown. Ven- tral regions light gray. Neck and throat specked with rather dark brown. Forehead dark brown. A number of blackish spots at the base 18—PRoc. BIoL. Soc. WASH. VOL. XVI, 1903. (59) 60 Barbour—New Species of Flying Lizard. of the gular pouch. Upper surfaces of the wing membranes dark orange with irregular black bands; under surfaces whitish, barred with rich brown or black. On the upper surfaces of the body the metallic lustre is decidedly noticeable on the spots in front of the shoulders and along the ribson the wing membranes. The bases of the latter are very thickly spotted with metallic specks, each covering a single scale. There isa strong light yellowish serration along the inner surfaces of the femur and tibia; this is formed by a single series of enlarged, flat, triangular scales. Another specimen verifies all the specific characters shown by the type; but this second example shows the femur-tibia fringe to an even greater extent. It is also lighter in color on the forehead. The specimens were collected in Sarawak, Borneo, by W. T. Hornaday, Esq., Director of the New York Zoological Park. Type 6713, (adult ¢); of the Reptilian Collection in the Museum of Comparative Zoology. Measurements:—Length of head, 15 mm.; width of head, 9 mm.; length of body, 57 mm.; length of forelimb, 27 mm.; length of hind limb, 30 mm.; length of tail, 109 mm. Total length, 177 mm. VoL. XVI, PP. 61-62 , May 6, 1903 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON TWO NEW SPECIES OF CHAMAELEON. BY THOMAS BARBOUR. An examination of the large collection of Chamaeleons in the Museum at Cambridge, Mass. discloses two species apparently hitherto undescribed. Remarks on their characters follow. Chamaeleo angusticoronatus n. sp. Near Chamaello dilepis, but differing in the peculiar narrowness of the casque, the squamation of the body and the prominence of the dorsal tubercular crest. Specific characters.—Casque well raised posteriorly; the lateral crests decidedly marked from their origin on the snout to a point about half- way from the eye to the extremity of the casque; at this position they quickly become indistinct and disappear. Above the casque narrows suddenly to a very acute point, beginning to show the compression just where the lateral crests vanish. The surface of the body is very finely granular, and the dorsal crest is hardly noticeable except for a short distance directly behind the casque. The tail isslightly longer than the - head and body. . Type.—An adult female from Zanzibar, No. 6712, of the Reptilian Collection in the Museum of Comparative Zoology. Measurements.—Total length, 226 mm.; length of mandible, 24 mm.; tip of snout to extremity of casque, 33 mm.; greatest width between lateral cranial crest, 13 mm.; width of head, 18 mm.; depth of skull, in- cluding mandible, 27 mm.; length of head and body, 110 mm.; length of tibia, 21 mm.; length of tail, 116 mm. 19—PRoc. Bion. Soc. Wash. VOL. XVI, 1903. (61) 62 Barbour—New Species of Chamaeleon. Chamaeleo macrorhinus sp. nov. Specific characters.—Casque not elevated posteriorly. A single large dermal fold, unnotched and undivided on the median line, borders the casque from shoulder to shoulder. There is neither a lateral nor a parietal crest on the casque, nor dorsal, ventral nor gular crest on the head and body. The whole surface of the body is covered with rather small, subequal, polygonal, granular tubercles. On the snout there is a large oblong dermal process covered with round granules. At a little more than half way between the eye and the dermal process there is, on each side, an excrescence composed of a number of elongated tubercles partially fused. The tail is of about the same length as the head and body. Type.—An apparently adult female from Madagascar, No. 5988, of the Reptilian Collection in the Museum of Comparative Zoology. Measurements.—Total length, 85 mm.; length of mandible, 11 mm.; tip of snout to extremity of casque, 16 mm.; greatest width between lateral cranial crests, 6 mm.; width of head, 9 mm.; depth of skull, including mandible, 12 mm.; length of head and body, 48; length of tibia, 8 mm.; length of tail, 42 mm. Vor. XVI, PP. 63-72 : May 29, 1903 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON | MAMMALS OF MT. KATAHDIN, MAINE. BY B. H. DUTCHER. In the summer of 1902, I spent from July 10 to September 5 in an attempt to determine the mammalian fauna, and in general the faunal zones of Mt. Katahdin in north central Maine. This mountain was chosen because, as far as I know, no mammal work had ever been done in its ere and. because of its height and isolated position. The old idea of Katahdin, printed even in geographies, was that of an extinct volcano, an assumption very excusable in those whose views of the mountain were from a distance, for the ‘basins” or heads of the old glacial valleys on the eastern side, with their wide encircling walls on the north and south, give the appearance of a great crater blown out on one side. A closer examination reveals the fact that the mountain is in reality a granite ridge of very irregular | outline with its major axis lying north and south, flanked by precipitous buttresses, the glacial retaining walls, that project out to the east, west, and north, and. drop rapidly away in slopes of high degree on face and point. On the east, north, and west are a number of smaller ridges, timber covered, nestling under the shelter of the greater mountain, and separated from it by valleys and basins. These minor ridges, Hunter Mountain, Traveler Mountain and the 20—PROC. BIOL. Soc. WAS. VOL, XVI, 1903. (63) 64 Dutcher—Mammals of Mt. Katahdin, Maine. Four Brothers, vary from about 2000 feet to 3000 feet in height. Katahdin itself reaches 5200 feet. The top of this great ridge is an undulating plateau, shaped in a very general way like an hour-glass. Its lowest point, which is at the waist, is about 4200 feet, whence the sur- face slopes gradually upward to the north and south. The highest elevation is reached in the south peak, 5200 feet. The - two northern peaks, merely somewhat elevated points in the general surface, reach to about 4700 feet. The plateau surface measures probably four miles from north to south, and a mile in width at the north and south expansions. The ground is rock strewn and grassy, with an extensive area of fir scrub— krummholz—near the constriction, and on the northwestern promontory. From the plateau edges, the mountain falls rapidly away. On the east, the north and south spurs, with precipitous rock walls, enclose two great basins—the ‘‘north” and the ‘‘oreat”—separated by a long sloping ridge that comes down from the saddle. The more southern of these two basins is itself imperfectly divided into the ‘‘south” and the ‘‘middle” basins by another and smaller spur. The head of the middle basin is inclined sufficiently to support vegetation, and by a slide at its head affords easy access to the saddle by the old Appalachian Trail. The only other trails to the .top are the Abol Trail up the steep south wall of the southwest promon- tory, and an old unused trail up the crest of a long promontory that leads north and helps enclose a deep glacial basin on the north face of the mountain. The western slopes are somewhat less precipitous, and lead down to a wide flat valley, mountain- locked by Katahdin and its daughter hills on the west. The country surrounding the mountain is comparatively level, almost completely forested, and dotted with lakes, ponds, and sphagnum bogs. The only forest denudation has been by fire. The floor of the great basin, in which I had one of my camps, slopes from about 3400 feet at its head to 2400 feet at its eastern edge. A small glacial lake, Chimney Pond, occupies part of the south basin. The floor of the north basin is about 3500 feet above sea level, is more extensive than either the south or middle basins, and has elevation enough to render it devoid of high timber. Its floor is in places free from tree growth, and in places along its lower edge, covered by scrub ce) Dutcher a Metisse of Mt. Katahdin, Maine. 65 firs. Its eastern edge is marked by a very small glacial pond in the moraine. - The middle basin is covered to its head with a forest of balsams, which climb 100 feet above it, to 3500 feet in suitable localities. . The entire mountain is composed of white and pink granite. The plateau is covered with rough granitic masses that are be- ing disintegrated by frost. This leveling action of the frost has in places evenly carpeted the surface with small granite flakes, varying from the size of the hand to three or four times as large. : The rainfall is so great on the mountain top that its entire surface is moist at all times, and there are at least four perennial seepage springs on the tableland. Two of these are in the fir scrub, which has been cleared for a short distance around them by the gathering of animals to drink in times gone by. The water does not flow out on the surface, but is found sub- terraneously in little depressions among moss-covered rocks. At one of these springs, at an altitude of 4500 feet, I camped for four nights, while attempting to secure specimens of the native microtine. Trapping was done at various localities from the base camp, at the union of the Wissataquoick and East Branch Penobscot Rivers, at 450 feet, to the tableland, at 4500 feet. : The following 36 species of mammals are recorded from Mt. Katahdin. Rangifer caribou (Gmel). Woodland Caribou. The caribou is an animal of the past in the Katahdin region. Today all that remains is its bones in the porcupine dens. From accounts re- ceived, there have been two migrations of caribou from northern Maine, within the memory of inhabitants now living. The last of eae oc- curred about six years ago. Unfortunately the awakening of public sentiment in regard to the im- portance of game preservation did not take place while the animals were still abundant, and their absence now can in part at least be at- tributed to wanton destruction. Alces americanus (Clinton). Moose. The recent protective legislation has in the opinion of the natives, re- sulted in allowing a very considerable increase in the numbers of moose. a“ 66 Dutcher—Mammals of Mt. Katahdin, Maine. Judging by the sign observed, they are comparatively abundant on the base of, and near the mountain. They range up to timberline in favor- able localities. Man is practically the moose’s sole destructor, and if the killing in defiance of law that takes place to feed the lumber camps were prevented, there would be a still greater increase. It is very dif- ficult to secure evidence against these malefactors. The lumber camps are so isolated that all the persons in them, and in their vicinity, are to a certain extent beneficiaries directly or indirectly, from the fresh meat secured, and are hence particeps criminis. The danger of detec- tion in a camp of sixty men, where one animal can be entirely con- sumed in a short time, is very small, and evidence is not easily obtained. Odocoileus virginianus borealis (Miller). Northern Virginia Deer. Deer are really abundant in the Katahdin region. It was not unusual to see as many as five in the course of an afternoon’s walk. They some- times prove a nuisance by destroying unfenced gardens. One was seen near Chimney Pond, at an altitude of about 3000 feet. They are not common at this altitude however. In spite of the illegal hunting that takes place they appear to be on the increase. Sciurus hudsonicus loquax (Bangs). Southeastern Red Squirrel. Red squirrels are abundant throughout the region, extending even to the treeless tableland of the mountainy where I saw one at close range, August 28. Another was seen by one of our cooks in the same locality. At Chimney Pond camp, altitude 3000 feet, they were abundant. Only four specimens were secured, though had I foreseen the difficulty of determining their proper designation with respect to the published sub- species of Sciwrus hudsonicus, I would have taken a large series. The measurements and colors of my specimens correspond with the description of S. h. loguaz, described as the upper austral and transition race. But these animals were taken at 3000 feet elevation on the 46th parellel north, and almost within sight of the type locality of S. hk. gym- nicus, the boreal race of the same species, though 2000 feet above it. A careful examination of the material in the Biological Survey Col- lection and in the American Museum of Natural History, leaves me totally unable to harmonize the descriptions of the two races with speci- mens from their respective faunal stations, or to appreciate constant differences as described in individuals from transition and _ boreal regions. A comparison of dimensions shows nothing conclusive, and Iam led © to the belief that the differences on which these two forms are separated are not of sufficient degree or constancy to justify their separation. I propose therefore to call the Red Squirrel from the Katahdin region Dutcher—Mammals of Mt. Katahdin, Maine. 67 S. h. loquax, as it most closely corresponds to this. form in color and size, doubting very much whether the consideration of more material from the regions involved will not show that the two forms are in reality not entitled to separate names, and that S. h. gymnicus should be retired. I am the more inclined to this belief after reading Mr. Preble’s description of typical Sciurus hudsonicus.* Tamias striatus lysteri (Richardson). Northeastern Chipmunk. Chipmunks were common on the hardwood ridges of the low ground, but I saw none at the higher elevations where the deciduous trees were not so abundant. One specimen taken at 500 feet altitude is typical lysterd. Arctomys monax (Linn.). Woodchuck. Fairly common on the lowlands. Sciuropterus sabrinus macrotis(Mearns). Canadian Flying Squirrel. A living specimen was kept in the lower camp. These squirrels are common on the hard wood ridges. As usual however, unless trapping for fur, one does not secure them. Castor canadensis (Kuhl). Beaver. The beaver is now protected during all seasons in Maine. I heard of a few colonies, on rather poor authority, but the‘animal no doubt exists in secluded localities. Mus musculus (Linn.). House Mouse. Common in dwellings. Peromyscus canadensis (Miller). Canadian White-footed Mouse. Nine specimens were taken that correspond perfectly with specimens of typical P. canadensis in the Biological Survey Collection. They were secured from the lowest to the highest trapping grounds, one individual being taken under a rock on the tableland, but they are not abundant animals. *North American Fauna No. 22, p. 45, 1902. 68 Dutcher—Mammals of Mt. Katahdin, Maine. Synaptomys cooperi (Baird). Cooper Lemming Mouse. Two species of the genus Synaptomys, representing both subgenera occur in the Katahdin region. Of the subgenus Synaptomys, one specimen was taken August 3, in a small grassy clearing in the woods at an altitude of about 500 feet, that seems, on comparison with material in the Biological Survey Col- lection, to be intermediate between S. coopert and S. fatuus, but which from its habitat I refer to the former. Synaptomys sphagnicola (Preble). Preble Lemming Mouse. Of the subgenus Mictomys two examples were taken, August 28, and August 30, respectively, under some balsam scrub by a spring on the table land, at an altitude of 4500 feet. A thorough and painstaking search was made of the entire top of the mountain, and a line of nearly ninety traps was carefully set, baited, and tended, but the only microtines secured were these two lemmings. Strange to say the entire top of the mountain was covered with old sign, without doubt of this species. Fiber zibethicus (Linn.). Muskrat. Exceedingly abundant. While canoeing one day, I paddled up within a few feet of one asleep at the water’s edge. While we were watching him he half opened his eyes, apparently looking directly at me, and leaning down lapped the water at his feet, then closed his eyes and relapsed into slumber. If his eyes had seen, his cerebrum had not interpreted, and he did not recognize his dangerous position... A slight noise sent him to the bottom like a flash. Iticrotus pennsylvanicus (Ord.). Meadow Mouse. Contrary to expectation the meadow mice were rather scarce. When I arrived on July 10, the meadow lands available for their _ homes were many inches under water, and asearch of the higher land, revealed but few signs of any kind. A few were found along the rivers, one at 1500 feet, and one at Chimney Pond, at 3000 feet. Evotomys gapperi (Vigors). Redbacked Mouse. Fairly common in the higher woods, up to 3500 feet, and probably on the lower levels too, though none were caught there. Dutcher—Mammals of Mt. Katahdin, Maine. 69 Zapus hudsonius (Zimmermann). Meadow Jumping Mouse. Found in all suitabie localities from 500 feet to 3000 feet altitude. Napzozapus insignis (Miller). Woodland Jumping Mouse. s About as common as, and found in thesame meadows with Zapus. Erethizon dorsatus (Linn.). Canada Porcupine. Very common from the river to the summit of Katahdin. Their dens in the fir scrub and reck heaps were filled bd caribou bones, that were deeply chiseled by their incisors. -Lepus americaaus virginianus (Harlan). Southern Varying Hare. The varying hare occurs on the tableland, where I trapped one in an old caribou trailin July. It corresponds with specimens obtained at 1500 feet, and all are comparable with other examplesof L. a. virginianus in the Biological Survey Collection. Lynx canadensis (Kerr). Canada Lynx. Rather a common animal, if the accounts of guides are correct. Vulpes fulvus (Desmarest). Red Fox. Quite common throughout the lower parts of the region, where they are often seen on roads. Lutra canadensis (Schreber). Otter. Quite common along the lower streams and ponds where fish abound. Gulo luscus (Linn.). Wolverine. The trappers all denied having seen or heard of the wolverine in the region, though they were acquainted with the animal by repute. Mustela pennanti (Erxleben). Fisher. From the accounts of our cooks the fisher is one of the commonest and most valuable of their fur bearing catch. 70 Dutcher—Mammals of Mt. Katahdin, Maine- Mustela americana (Turton). Eastern Marten. Common up to timber line. Lutreola vison (Schreber). Mink. ° Mink are common and range up to timber line. On August 26, I caught an adult specimen at an altitude of 3200 feet, 1700 feet above, and five miles beyond, the upper limit of fish-inhabited waters. Heavy rains had filled a usually dry water course in the upper part of the middle basin, and he had probably followed this up. Putorius cicognani (Bonaparte). Small Brown Weasel. Very common in the woods in the south basin, and occurring at alt altitudes. I caught one on the tableland in a caribou runway leading to a spring, and three at Chimney Pond. All these specimens are peculiar in the deep rich yellowof the under parts, which varies from sulphur to rich saffron, differing thereby from all the specimens that I examined in the Biological Survey and American Museum Collections. ? Mephitis mephitis (Schreber). Skunk. Very common along the streams, where they are said to be increasing rapidly. Procyon lotor (Linn.). Raccoon. Common along streams at the lower levels. Ursus americanus (Pallas). Black Bear. Still quite common. Several are killed each year. Condylura cristata (Linn.). Star-nosed Mole. Two specimens were caught in the grassy clearing of my base camp, at 500 feet, but no signs of them were observed elsewhere. Biarina brevicauda (Say). Short-tailed Shrew. The short-tailed shrew is by far the most abundant mammal near Katahdin. In the clearing around the base camp, and in the adjacent Dutcher—Mammals of Mt. Katahdin, Maine. 71 woods they swarm. I caught one in my hands in some diapensia turf just below the edge of the tableland, and trapped one on the tableland at 4500 feet. They seem to take oatmeal bait as readily as flesh. Sorex albibarbis (Cope.). Water Shrew. Two specimens of this rather scarce shrew were caught, one at 2400 feet, the other at 3000 feet, but assiduous trapping failed to secure others. A comparison of the two with the type in the National Museum shows them to be perfectly typical. Sorex personatus (I. Geoffroy). Northern Masked Shrew. One specimen was secured near a spring in the fir scrub on the table- land at 4500 feet. Conclusions. That the flora of the north basinof Katahdin, of the slopes above timber line, and of the tableland is Hudsonian is evident from the oc- curence there of such plantsas Savastana alpina, Phleum alpinum, Poa laxa, Carex bigelovit, Scirpus cespitosus, Juncus trifidus, Salix uva-ursi, Salix herbacea, Polygonum viviparum, Arenaria groenlandica, Cardamine bellidifolia, Saxifraga comosa, Hmpetrum nigrum, Betula glandulosa, Rhododendron lapponicum, Chamecistus procumbens, Cassiope hypnoides, Phyllodoce cerulea, Mairania alpina, Vaccinium uliginosum, Vaccinium caespitosum, Diapensia lapponica, Veronica alpina, Nabalus nanus, Nabalus boottii, Solidago alpestris, Gnaphalium supinum, all of which were recorded by the New England Botanical Club party of July, 1900 (Rhodora, Vol. 3, No. 30, January 1901), and many of these are rather Arctic than Hudsonian. From the species of mammals found it is evident that the entire Katah- din region is covered by the Canadian mammalian fauna, with the possible exception of Synaptomys sphagnicola Preble. The first recorded specimen of this species was taken in the Canadian zone near the foot of Mt. Washington, the second and third, the only others, in territory that so far as altitude and temperature are concerned should surely be con- sidered as Hudsonian. From the evidence at hand—the occurence of this animal with Hudsonian plants, with indications of a colony of some size, at a very recent date, and its absence from surrounding Canadian territory—it seems probable that it is a Hudsonian form, and that it oc- cured in the lower zone on Mt. Washington, as Mr. Preble has suggested, a wanderer from its native belt. rk aS Modal = We oN s Ray Ais farh Fh Vou. XVI, PP. 73-78 May 29, i903 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON EIGHT NEW MAMMALS FROM THE UNITED STATES. BY C. HART MERRIAM. Among the recent additions to the mammal] collection of the Biological Survey are a cougar from the desert region border- ing the Lower Colorado, below Yuma, Arizona, presented by Herbert Brown; and a large gray fox from New Hampshire, presented by Abbott H. Thayer. Both of these animals appear to be new. In publishing brief diagnoses of them, the oppor- tunity is taken to describe several other unnamed mammals that have been for some years in the collection of the Biological Survey. Felis aztecus browni subsp. nov. Type from Lower Colorado River 12 miles south of Yuma, Arizona. No. 125,719 ¢ ad., U. S. National Museum; Biological Survey Collection. February, 1903. Collected by Herbert Brown. Characters.—Similar. to aztecus but slightly smaller and paler, with much smaller and lower audital bull, and smaller lateral teeth, partic- ularly the canines and carnassials. The incisors are the same size as in datecus, but the canines are much more slender, and the premolars (ex- cept the rudimentary upper one) and carnassials are very much smaller. The upper carnassial measures only 20.5 mm., while in aztecus of the same sex ( g) it measures24 mm. The bulle are essentially of the same length as in aztecus but are narrow and low, lacking the usual inflation. 21—PROC. BIOL. Soc. WASB. VOL. XVI, 1903. (73) 74 Merriam—New Mammals from the United States. They measure in transverse diameter, from meatus to front of foramen lacerum posticus, only 16 mm., while those of aztecus usually measure 20 mm. or more. The difference in height is equally striking. In color the animal is very much paler and grayer (less red) than aztecus. Remarks.—The small size of the bulla seems to indicate that the Colo- rado Desert Cougar finds his prey more by sight than hearing; and the slender canines and small lateral teeth indicate that he preys on smaller animals than the deer-killing Cougar of the uplands. Measurements (in fiesh).—‘‘Tip of nose to tip of tail 7 ft. 4 in.; tail 28} in. Weight 170 pounds.’’ Urocyon cinereoargenteus borealis subsp. nov. Type from Marlboro, 7 miles from Monadnock, New Hampshire. No. 119,725 ¢ ad., U. S. National Museum, Biological Survey Collection. November, 1902. Abbott H. Thayer. Characters.—Similar to cinereoargenteus but decidedly larger, with marked skull and tooth differences. Skull larger and heavier; nasals longer and more slender posteriorly; palate broader; pterygoid fossa much broader, with sides more flaring (less vertical); teeth (particularly the upper molars and last lower premolar, pm ;) slightly larger and de- cidedly thicker; last upper molar conspicuously larger (outer side 10 mm.), with heel broader and heavier. The 4th lower premolar is larger than in any known member of the genus. ; Cranial measurements.—(Type specimen ¢ ad.): Basal length 126; basilar length of Hensel 118.5; zygomatic breadth 73; palatal length 63; postpalatal length 55; front of canine to back of last upper molar 56. Urocyon cataline sp. nov. Type from Catalina Island, Santa Barbara Islands, California. No. 45,228 g¢ ad., U. S. National Museum, Biological Survey Collection. Geographic distribution.—Catalina Island, California. Characters.—Similar to Uittoralis, but tail much longer, throat purer white; white of underside of thigh and upper side of hind foot greatly restricted; dusky patch at base of whiskers well defined. Cranial characters.—Skull similar to that of littoralis, but nasals nar- rower and not constricted in the middle; rostrum longer and more slen- der; anterior ascending arm of juga] thicker; bulle more inflated and less flattened anteriorly. Urocyon cataline agrees with litoralis and differs from all the others in having the nasals broad posteriorly and obliquely truncate, and the frontal spines short. Measurements.—Male: Total length 795; tail 298; hind foot 112. Female: total length 720; tail 270; hind foot 112. Two specimens weighed in the flesh: ¢ Slbs.; 9 44 lbs. Merriam—New Mammals from the United States. 75 Urocyon clemente sp. nov. Type from San Clemente Island, Santa Barbara Islands, California. No. 92,034 ¢ ad., U. S. National Museum, Biological Survey Collection. Geographic distribution.—San Clemente Island, California. Characters.—Similar to littoralis, but dusky patch at base of whiskers much blacker and more sharply defined, with a clean white area between it and base of nose-pad, as in santacruze; throat clearer white; underside of thigh and upperside of hind foot whitish, in some cases nearly pure white. Cranial characters.—Skull. similar to dttoralis, but smaller; nasals more tapering posteriorly and broadest in the middle (instead of con- stricted in the middle); rostrum more slender; frontal spines rather long; anterior ascending arm of jugal very broad; bulle smaller and more in- flated; upper carnassial narrower. JU. clemente differs from catalina, its neighber in the southern group, as follows: size smaller; nasals broader in the middle and more tapering posteriorly; bulle more inflated (especi- ally anteriorly); carnassial and molar teeth smaller. Measurements.—Average of 6 specimens: total length 688; tail 250; hind foot in dry skin 100. Urocyon littoralis santacruzz subsp. nov. ; Type from Santa Cruz Island, Santa Barbara Islands, California. No. $3552 9 ad., U.S. National Museum, Biological Survey Collection. Geographic distribution.—Santa Cruz Island, California. Characiers.—Similar to littoralis, but fulvous areas slightly more ex- tensive and more intense; dusky patch at base of whiskers larger and darker; whitish area on underside of thigh and top of hind foot suffused with buffy fulvous; nasals slender and tapering posteriorly. Cranial characters.—Similar to littoralis, but skull slightly smaller; nasals much narrower, slender and tapering (instead of expanded) poste- riorly, and not constricted in the middle; frontal] spines long; rostrum narrower; anterior ascending arm of jugal broader; bullz smaller, more inflated posteriorly, narrower anteriorly; basioccipital narrower; upper carnassial narrower. Measuremenis.—Average of 3 specimens: total length 708; tail 266; hind foot 109. 76 Merriam—New Mammats from the United States. Cranial measurements of Island Foxes. littoralis santacruze elemente cataline Basilar length. 93.5 | 96 90 94 91 98 95 Palatal length. 49 53 49 50 48 53 50 Postpalatal length. 44 43.5 | 40.5 | 48.5 | 48.5 | 45 44.5 Zygomatic breadth. 57 57.5 | 55 56.5 | 55.5 | 60 57.5 Breadth of nasals at apex 4 of premaxille. Upper series of teeth (ca- nine to last molar). 43.5 | 44.5) 43 | 45.5) 44 | 47 | 44 Putorius streatori leptus subsp. nov. Type from Silverton, Colorado. No. 56,800 ¢ yg. ad., U. S. National Museum, Biological Survey Collection... October 20, 1893. J. Alden Loring. Original No. 1185. Characters.—Similar to streatort but smaller; black tip of tail very much shorter (projecting only 15 mm. beyond white hairs): Teeth about same size as in streator?, but skull disproportionally smaller; frontals and rostrum more depressed; bull smaller and narrower. Winter pelage.—White all over except short black tip of tail. White without yellowish tinge. (Two males from Colorado—the type from Silverton, and another from Crested Butte collected February 17, 1902 by E. R. Warren). ; Summer pelage.—Upperparts uniform drab brown (or between drab brown and hazel, but lacking the reddish of hazel); end of tail black; underparts white throughout with straight line of demarcation along sides, the white reaching down on underside of legs to wrists and ankles; ‘rest of legs and feet brown like back; toes of forefeet white on upper side; toes of hind feet mixed brown and white. (Young female from Rocky Mountains of Alberta, Canada, near Henry House, July 21, 1896, J. Alden Loring). Remarks.—The animal is nearly as small as 7%zosus, from which it is easily distinguished by the longer tail and black tip, and slightly larger skull and teeth. - Merriam—New Mammals from the United States. 77 Measurements.—T ype specimen (¢% yg. ad.): total length 243; tail vertebre 64; hind foot 31. Skull: basal length 31.5; basilar length of hensel 30.5; zygomatic breadth 17.5; interorbital breadth 7.5; palatal length 13; postpalatal length 18; toothrow from front.of canine to back of last molar 9. Eutamias canicaudus sp. nov. Type from Spokane, State of Washington. No. 23997 9 ad., U.S. National Museum, Biological Survey Collection. April 11, 1891. C. P. Streator. Original No. 639. Characters.—Size rather large; ears medium or rather small; tail rather long; general color in spring pelage buffy gray, tail grizzled gray —decidedly grayer (less red) than in neighboring species; outer pair of light stripes strikingly white. Color.—Spring pelage (=left over winter pelage): upperparts, includ- ing middle pair of light stripes vinaceous gray, with enough admixture of white-tipped hairs to produce a hoary effect; median, dorsal and lat- eral pair of black stripes (5 in all) pure black, the: outer pair slightly © washed with fulvous; upperside of tail grizzled gray, edged with whit- ish; underside with a median buffy band bordered with black and edged with whitish. Post-breeding pelage: neck, sides and edges of stripes washed with ochraceous or light fulvous. Remarks.—This handsome new species with showy white side stripe is at all seasons easily distinguished from its neighbors, felia and affinis by the color of the tail, the general tone of which is gray. Both of the others have strikingly red tails, the underside and edges being intense fulvous or ferruginous. The geographic range of the gray-tail chip- munk so far as now known is the ponderosa pine forest of the "Transi- tion zone in northern Idaho and the adjoining eastern edge of the State of Washington. Measurements.—Type (9 ad.): total length 228; tail vertebre 98; hind foot 32. Average of 6 adults from type locality: total length 229; tail vertebree 104; hind foot 34. Citellus grammurus utah subsp. nov. Type from foot of Wasatch Mountains near Ogden, Utah. No. 4387 Q ad., Merriam Collection. October 10, 1888. Vernon Bailey. Orig- inal No. 291. Characters.—Similar to grammurus but smaller, ears larger, back much redder; head in late summer pelage much more reddish brown; tail darker; nasal bones anteriorly averaging broader, more inflated and more truncate; also slightly longer and projecting posteriorly behind premaxillx; fronts of incisors paler yellow (in grammurus more orange). ty ; Seley 5 fry By a oy a = 3] Ly A iat soo aT (fer eery é VOL. XVI, PP. 79-82 May 29, 1903 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON FOUR NEW MAMMALS, INCLUDING A NEW GENUS (TEANOPUS), FROM MEXICO. BY C. HART MERRIAM. E. W. Nelson, and his able assistant E. A. Goldman, in their explorations in Mexico for the Biological Survey of the U. S. Department of Agriculture, still continue to discover new spe- cies of mammals. Four of these are here described. One is a large ground squirrel quite unlike any hitherto known; another is a wood rat for which I am reluctantly obliged to erect a new genus; still another is a new member of the rare and little known genus Welsonia, while the last is a large pocket gopher from Mt. Patamban. Citellus adocetus sp. nov. Type from La Salada, 40 miles south of Uruapan, Michoacan, Mexico. No. 126,129 9 ad., U.S. National Museum, Biological Survey Collection. March 17, 1903. E. W. Nelsonand E. A.Goldman. Original No. 16,183. Characters.—Unique; not like any known species. Allied to Citellus annulatus but much smaller and without trace of the rings on the tail. Pelage hispid; ears short; tail rather long; color uniform grizzled grayish or buffy without markings. Color.—Upper parts strongly grizzled grayish and black, changing with season to dull ochraceous brown; top of head usually darker (in 22—PROCc. Bion. Soc. Wash. VoL. XVI, 1903. (79) 80 Merriam—Four New Mammals from Mexico. some specimens blackish); stripe from side of nose passing over eye pale buffy, sometimes washed with or bordered above by pale fulvous; short band under eye (rarely reaching to ear) buffy; cheeks grizzled, washed with fulvous; underparts buffy or yellowish buffy, sometimes becoming fulvous on throat and chin; fore legs and feet and hind feet dull pale fulvous, the fulvous, in the brown pelage, extending over thighs; sides of neck washed with fulvous; tail coarsely grizzled black and buffy, bordered on terminal half with subapical black band and edged with buffy fulvous; median line of distal half of underside usually pale fulvous. Cranial characters.—Skull about the size of that of Citellus mexicanus but frontal region very much broader, anterior upper premolar decidedly smaller, and front of incisors intense chestnut instead of pale yellowish. Compared with its nearest relative, C. annulatus, the skull is only about three-fourths as large, rostrum fore-shortened, jugal broader, coronoid and angular processes of jaw longer; the bulle are large, the frontal shield broad, the postorbital processes long and strongly decurved. Measurements.—Type (92 ad.): total length 350; tail vertebre 156; hind foot 48. Average of 10 specimens from type locality: total length 341.6; tail vertebre 158.7; hind foot 46.9. Cranial measurements.—Topotype (¢ ad.): basal length 41; palatal length 24; postpalatal length 17; zygomatic breadth 26; interorbital breadth 13; length of tooth row on alveolus 8.25; on crowns 7.5. Nelsonia goldmani sp. nov. Type from Mt. Tancitaro, Michoacan, Mexico. No. 125,818 ¢ ad., U. S. National Museum, Biological Survey Collection. February 25, 1908. E. W. Nelson and E. A. Goldman. Original No. 16,021. Characters.—Similar to Nelsonia neotomodon but darker and grayer (much less fulvous), and with hind feet dusky instead of white. Tail well haired toward and at tip, as in neotomodon. Color.—Upperparts dark slate gray, lightly washed, especially on sides, with pale ochraceous; underparts white, the plumbeous underfur showing through. Tail dusky above, becoming gradually paler beneath —not sharply bicolor as in V. neotomodon. Young dark slate color, very different from the buffy grayish young of NV. neotomodon. Cranial characters.—Skull similar to that of WV. neotomodon but more angular; flatter between orbits and over front of braincase; anterior base of zygoma with vertical lamella well marked, forming a spine when viewed from above [absent in neotomodon]; nasals narrower; rostrum more constricted at base by better defined antorbital fossa. _ Measurements.—Average of 3 specimens from type locality: total length 248; tail.vertebree 122; hind foot 29. Merriam—Four New Mammals from Mexico. 81 Genus Teanopus nob. Type, Teanopus phenax gen. et. sp. nov. Characters.—Size of a middle-sized wood rat (Neotoma), whith it greatly resembles, though externally still more like Hodomys vetulus; ears large and nearly naked; tail long and densely covered with short hairs; soles of fore and hind feet, between pads,. completely scutellate —everywhere covered with small tubercles. Skull in general like that of Neotoma and Teonoma, but audital bulle enormously inflated verti- cally, subwheel-shaped, blunt anteriorly, nearly parallel, almost ex- actly as in Xenomys; antorbital slits very large and broadly open; sphe- noid vacuities open; braincase without temporal shield. Lower jaw with distinct prominence over root of incisor; angle elongate, its lower border strongly inflected and upturned, forming a long shallow trough as in Teonoma, but less extreme; infracondylar notch deeper than in either Neotoma or Teonoma. Last lower molar with reentrant enamel loop on inner side passing obliquely forward in front of its mate on outer side, thus approaching the condition in Hodomys. Teanopus phenax sp. nov. Type from Camoa, Rio Mayo, Sonora. No. 95,841 9 ad., U.S. National Museum, Biological Survey Collection. Bios NRE 4, 1898. E. A. Gold- man. Original No. 13,258. : Characters.—Size and general appearance of Hodomys vetulus; tail rather long and black or dusky all round; upperparts buffy gray; under- parts yellowish white anteriorly, underfur showing through posteriorly; top and sides of nose dusky; cheeks pale grayish; outer side of foreleg to wrist grayish dusky, sharply contrasted with white of underside; hind foot soiled whitish above; ankles and sides of heel dusky on both ae bordered with white below. Dental characters.—Molars (except the last lower, described in the gen- eric diagnosis) with enamel folds as in the albigula group of Neotoma. Measurements.—T ype specimen, 9 ad.: total length 352; tail vertebre 172; hind foot 87.5. Average of 3 from type locality: total length 365; tail vertebre 183; hind foot 37.’7. Platygeomys tylorhinus angustirostris subsp. nov. Type from Patamban, Michoacan, Mexico. No. 125,688 9 ad., U.S. National Museum, Biological Survey Collection. February 2, 1903. Nelson and Goldman. Original No. 15,850. 82 Merriam—Four New Mammals from Mexico. Characters.—Similar in size and general characters to P. tylorhinus but color paler and more fulvous, grizzled on back with black-tipped hairs; _ slaty plumbeous of underparts much paler and washed on tips with pale fulvous. Skull slightly smaller; rostrum, nasals, and incisors decidedly narrower; nasals narrow and strongly arched anteriorly; the posterior half very narrow and of even breadth (sides parallel for posterior half); jugal and pterygoids as in tylorhinus; molars smaller. Underjaw much smaller. : Cranial measurements.—Skull of type specimen: basal length 53.5; zygo- matic breadth anteriorly 38; breadth of rostrum anteriorly 10; breadth of nasals anteriorly 6; at middle 3. The flesh measurements have not yet come in from the field. 4 VOL. XVI, PP. 83-88 JUNE 25, 1903 PROCEEDINGS Of THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON THE SHORT-MOUTHED SNAKE (LUTAINIA BRA- CHY STOMA COPE) IN SOUTHERN MICHIGAN. BY HUBERT LYMAN CLARK. In 1892, Cope described, under the name Euvtuinia brachy- stoma, a small garter-snake from Franklin County, Pennsyl- vania, which had been sent to him in alcohol, the distinguishing feature being the small number of labial plates in both the upper and under jaws. Since the description was published no other specimens have been taken and the validity of the species has been openly questioned. It is therefore a matter of consid- erable interest that the species has been found in the vicinity of Olivet, Michigan, on several occasions, during the spring of 1908. The first specimens taken were a male and female col- lected April 20, beside a rail fence crossing an open but very wet pasture. The fence ran close beside a pool of water where there was a growth of willow and alder bushes, and it was under the shelter of these bushes that the snakes were found. On April 23, careful search in the same locality revealed a second female and April 29, another female was taken at the same spot. On May 7, still another female was captured beside the same fence but some sixty yards from the bushes. On May 12, a fifth female was taken in a very wet swamp on the margin of a lake, half a mile or more from the above mentioned pasture: 23—Proc. Biot. Soc. Wash. VoL, XVI, 1903. (83) 84 Clark— The Short-Mouthed Snake. The following table will bring out clearly the characters of the species and the individual} peculiarities of the Olivet specimens: = - c § 2 cf a “ s 3 b A eo oe Se 8 E 2 Pb Sees. et Se 1 ea 3 | a D S 5 Ss tps esl 2 fos e c Gs Fas R—L| R—L | R—-L Cope’s type. 1892 Sg 286 | 1382 72 | 6—6 | 8—8 | 3—3 1 April 20,1903] @ | 472 | 1354 | 61 | 6-6 | 8—8 | 3-3 2 April 20 9 | 556 | 1334 | 58 | 6-6 | 8—8 | 2-2 8 | April 23 © 1465+ 1 187 1 (2 1 6 6 | 8-8) 82 4 April 29 9 | 420 | 186 | 52 | 6-6 | 8—9 | 2-3 5 May 7 9 1 4b 1 B41 9-7 | 88 | 82 6 | Mayle o | 460 | 140 | 58 | 6-6 | 8—8 | 3-3 It will be noticed at once that only one of the five females is perfectly normal, all of the others having a reduced number of postocular plates. It is also apparent that the type specimen is not an average representative of the species, since the number of gastrosteges is exceptionally small, while the number of uro- steges is unusually large. In Nos. 1 and 2 there were incom- plete gastrosteges, which have been counted as half plates. In No. 8, nearly one-half of the tail was missing, so that the uro- steges could not be determined. The new material makes it possible to state more definitely the specific characters, and to correct one or two of Cope’s mis- statements, which were due to his having only one specimen, and that an alcoholic. In general appearance, the short-mouthed snake is somewhat like the common garter snake (Hutania sir- talis) but the head is so much narrower and the tail tapers so much more abruptly that even a very casual glance will suffice to note the difference. In coloration, moreover, there is a very Clark— The Short-Mouthed Snake. 85 striking difference between the two species, as indicated by Cope, but his description of the color of brachystoma is very mislead- ing, owing to the changes produced by thealcohol. In life, brachy- stoma is very dark brown above, many of the scales being al- most black, as are portions of the skin; in some specimens, when the skin is stretched, these black areas appear as a more or less complete double series of squarish spots on each side of the dor- sal region; the mid-dorsal row of scales and the inner half of the scales in the row on each side of it are bright yellow anteriorly, gradually becoming duller posteriorly and losing their distinct- ness on the tail; a similar stripe occurs on each side of the body and includes all the scales of the third row, the lower half of most of those in the fourth row and the upper half of many in the second row; these lateral stripes fade away on the tail but are very bright anteriorly, where they expand so that the entire sides of the neck are very yellow; on this yellow area are several prominent black spots; the first row of scales and the outer ends of the gastrosteges are deep brown, the latter with a dusky yellowish tinge; the ventral surface is dull light olivaceous, darkest near vent, sparsely speckled with black (the exact shade varies considerably, No. 6 having the whole lower surface dark, becoming almost black in front of vent); there is a narrow black spot on the anterior margin of the outer end of the gastrosteges; the head is brown, with a greenish tinge anteriorly; labials yel- low, chin white and throat yellowish; parietal spots yellow, very evident. Gastrosteges 132-141 (average 136+); urosteges 61-72 in $, 52-58 in 9; upper labials 6; lower labials 8; postocu- lars 3; scale rows 19. The question which naturally arises is: What is the relation of brachystoma to sirtalis? Had Cope’s type remained unique, it might well have been regarded as a sport, merely an unusual- ly aberrant sirtalis, and the discovery of a single specimen in Olivet or elsewhere would not necessarily have disproved the correctness of this view. But in the light of the evidence fur- nished by six specimens of both sexes, taken at various times in several places, such a view is certainly incorrect and there can be no doubt of the distinctness of the two species. The differ- ence in color is constant, in spite of the extraordinary variety shown by sirtalis; in the latter the lateral stripes are mainly on the second, partly on the third, row of scales instead of on the 86 Clark—The Short-Mouthed Snake. third and fourth as in drachystoma; while the deep brown band below these stripes is wanting in sirtalis. The difference in form is equally noticeable, though less easily stated; drachy- stoma is more stocky and tapers towards both ends rather abruptly. As regards the number and arrangement of scales, the two species are equally distinct, although individuals occur combining the characters curiously. Thus No. 5 has 7 upper labials on each side, the normal number for sirtalis, while No. 4 has 9 lower labials on the left side; out of 320 specimens of si7- talis examined this spring, 6 have 6 upper labials on one side but none have that number on both sides, while 12 have 8 upper labials on one side, and 2 have that number on both sides; as re- gards the lower labials, 268 of the 320 have the lower labials. 10 on each side, 9 have 9 on each side, 4 have 11 on each side, and 2 have only 8 on each side, while the remainder have 9 or 11 on one side or the other, except 3 which have 8 on one side. The most interesting case in this connection is a small male sirialis, which has the upper labials 6—7 and the lower 8-8; however, as it has 152 gastrosteges and 75 urosteges and is a perfectly nor- mal sirtalis in coloratien, it cannot be regarded as in any sense a connecting link with drachystoma. In the number of gastro- steges the difference between the two species is striking, brachy- stoma ranging from 132 to 141, with an average of about 136, while the 320 specimens of sirtalis range from 142 to 159 and average about 151; and it should be added that of the 320, only one has 142, two have 148, and two 144 gastrosteges. In the num- ber of urosteges the two recorded male brachystoma are far apart, 61 and 72, an average of less than 67, but male sirtalis range from 64 to 79, with an average of more than 71, and further, only 9 of 168 specimens have less than 67 urosteges; the female brachystoma range from 52 to 58 with an average of more than 55, while female sirtalis range from 57 to 73, with an average of more than 63, and only 4 out of 157 have less than 59. Cope’s statement that ‘‘the number of urosteges remains as in” sirtalis requires, therefore, some modification, as it is clear that the number is normally decidedly less than in the common gar- ter-snake. In regard to the habits of brachystoma, Cope’s statement that ‘Ht 3g one OF tue 10rms. 8 * * UU owhneh = ™) .* * have adopted a terrestrial life and more or less burrowing habits” is Clark—The Short-Mouthed Snake. 87 open to question. Though not aquatic, this species likes the water and has been found only in its immediate neighborhood. Several specimens have been kept alive, under as natural condi- tions as possible, and they show considerable readiness to take to the water when alarmed, nor is there any evidence of burrow- ing or of retreating to holes. Indeed the habits are very much like those of the common garter-snake, except that brachystoma is not at all pugnacious, making no attempt to strike when seized or handled. neh ee | Ad Abate fh) ies + Lis Agee VOL. XVI, PP. 89-90 JUNE 25, 1903 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON * DESCRIPTION OF A NEW NEOTOMA FROM MEXICO. BY OUTRAM BANGS. The collection of mammals made in Mexico by Mr. 8. N. Rhoads and his wife, in the winter and spring of 1899, was pur- chased soon afterwards by my brother and myself, and is now in the Museum of Comparative Zoology, at Cambridge, Mass. When identifying the species, a year or two ago, I was much puzzled by a Neotoma from Texolo, Vera Cruz, that I could not place with any described form, and showed it to Mr. E. W. Nelson, who at once declared it a species he had never taken or even seen, and suggested I send it to Dr. Merriam for compari- son with the series in the Biological Survey Collection. This I accordingly did, and Dr. Merriam has most kindly compared it for me with all known forms to which it might be related, and pronounces it a very distinct species, with, apparently, no near ally among the known members of the genus. This new Neotoma, of which Mr. Rhoads took five examples, all at the same place, may be known as: ¢ Neotoma distincta sp. nov. Type from Texolo, Vera Cruz, Mexico. Old adult ¢ No. 9819, Bangs Collection. (Collection Museum of Comparative Zoology.) Collected March 8, 1899, by S. N. Rhoads. 24—PROc. BIOL. Soc. WASH. VOL, XVI, 1903. (89) - 90 Bangs—A New Neotoma from Mexico. Characters.—A very distinct species, with a wholly black tail as in NV. tenuicauda, but much larger than that animal, and differing from it markedly in skull characters; much like WV. fulviventer in color, except the tail, which is bicolor in that species, but rather darker; much larger than JV. fulowenter and with a much larger and more massive skull; ros- trum and nasals longer; rostrum more swollen over roots of incisors; ant- orbital fossa correspondingly more pronounced; zygomata more spreading posteriorly (in WV. fwlviventer the sides are parallel); superciliary ridges more elevated and more pinched in over orbits; incisors and molars much larger and heavier. Color.—General color of upperparts mummy brown, the back much darkened by the thick sprinkling of brownish-black tipped hairs; sides paler, more russet; sides of nose and upper lips dull grayish brown; chin, upper throat and narrow belly stripe dull gray; a wide pectoral collar, ochraceous-buff; lower middle belly and ventral region yellowish white; feet and hands dull grayish brown; toes and fingers white; ears rather small, nearly naked, dusky; tail unicolor, black; whiskers mixed black and colorless. Measurements. Xo cox | ath | Oat | er 9819 Type $ old ad. 417 206 a 23 9818 Topotype é old ad. 370 165 41 23 9821 Topotype $ old ad. 395 185 | 40 26 9820 Topotype 9 ad. 377 190 | 40 20 9822 Topotype $ young ad. 370 165 | 41 23 Skull, old adult ¢, type: basal length, 48; occipito-nasal length, 48; zygomatic width, 25; mastoid width, 19.4; interorbital width, 5.2; length of nasals, 19; width of nasals, 5.6; length of palate to palatal notch, 22.2; length of palatal slits, 10.6; length of upper molar series, 9.4; length of single half of mandible, 29.6. By VOL. XVI, PP. 91-98 JUNE 25, 1903 PROCEEDINGS ‘ OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON THE HAWTHORNS OF NORTHEASTERN WISCONSIN. BY J. H. SCHUETTE. The genus Crataegus is variable and has always given trouble to field botanists. As a result of deficient material and imper- fect observations there is a confused treatment, even in leading manuals, and this may be the cause of the excessive splitting of species in recent years. There are six distinct species or rather groups in northeastern Wisconsin each including forms which are not entitled to specific rank although exhibiting some con- stant differences. These variant forms should be considered only as subspecies. Hawthorns, like roses, willows, oaks and many other woody plants furnish valuable material for research to evolutionists, who have hitherto turned their attention chiefly to the animal kingdom. The variability and polymorphism are due to the influence of the evironment and soil, the climate, ef- fects of ageand injury, crossing, and progressive heredity. Inthe region of Green Bay, where the retiring waters of bay and lake left distinct evidences of former higher levels in Pleistocene and Recent geological time, variation due to changed environment is illustrated especially by the wild roses. Thus individuals grow- ing on the younger formations of moist and wet sand, or near the surf, present characters plainly different from those of others of the same species growing on the higher alluvial or Pleisto- cene ridges. Crataegus like Rosa is very susceptible to such 25—PROC. BIOL. Soc. WASH. VOL, XVI, 1903. (91) 92 Schuette—Hawthorns of Northeastern Wisconsin. influences. Therefore no expert author should venture to base a new species on a single specimen or a single or slight character. The definitive characters should be constant and direct. Our attention is first of all attracted by the external differences in plants. Form, aspect, and habit, therefore, are all important in the discrimination of variations and in the elevation of subspecies to species, at least for popular recognition. Plants like the hawthorns require observation and investigation under different conditions of environment before being subjected to further specific or subspecific differentiation. After hunting for years for Crataegus crus-galli I found on the peninsula between Lake Michigan and Green Bay, on Wash- ington Island, the next island north of Death Door, Wisconsin, a group of nice trees with shining, thick leaves and rather long thorns. I believed I had at length found the desired species or a variety of it, but later discovering my mistake I called this form (C. punctata decipiens, and reached the conclusion that C. crus-galli does not occur in our northwest. This view is supported by a specimen received in exchange from the National Herbarium labelled ‘‘Crataegus crus-galli” and collected in Minnesota. Although I have not seen the buds and fruits I regard it as C. tomentosa. The error, due to the meagre and misleading descriptions given in current manuals, is very ex- cusable. } Finally, mention should be made of some interesting obser- vations on the effects of the cold and moist atmosphere near Lake Michigan. At the outset the entire vegetation on the peninsula between Green Bay and the lake is delayed 3 or 4 weeks as compared with that of the surrounding region. Sec- ondly, the atmospheric conditions due to the proximity of the water appear to produce variations and freaks in species, even shrubs seeming to be changed into trees. Near Kewaunee, Wisconsin, on an elevated plain, I met with a cluster of trees, each about. 30 feet high and 10 inches in diameter, with the characters of Acer spicatum, the well known shrub. All but one of these trees have since been exterminated by clearing. Qn the southern grassy slope of this plain is a little grove of Cra- taegus trees, 12-18 feet high and 38-5 inches in diameter. Iam, however not certain as to their specific identity since I have , not seen the buds and flowers. Schuette—Hawthorns of Northeastern Wisconsin. 93. Since the nomenclature of Crataegus seems to be somewhat unsettled, I have employed the familiar names while embodying my own views in the following descriptions. A series of speci- mens, including the types of the new forms, has been presented to the Biological Society of Washington, and by the latter turned over to the United States National Museum. | Artificial Key to the Hawthorns of Northeastern Wisconsin. I. Fertile shoots of the current season pubescent. 1. Leaves cordate, truncate or rounded at base, tomentose beneath; petioles not margined, tomentose 1. C. subvillosa Schrader. 2. Leaves acute or acuminate at base; petioles margined. a. Sepals (calyx lobes) toothed (glandular in No. 3). * Anthers red; petioles and outer surface of sepals pubes- cent; flowering two weeks later than No. 1 2. C. tomentosa L. ** Anthers white; sepals glabrous outside (sometimes hairy at base) - - 3. C. macracantha Lodd. b. Sepals entire, glandless, their outer surface glabrous in the upper half - # Shs - 4. 0. punctata Jacq. II. Fertile shoots of the current season glabrous. 1. Corymb and calyx pubescent; sepals deeply (almost fimbriately) toothed; petioles not more than one-sixth as long as the blade, margined, groove hairy and impressed. | a. Anthers red; stamens 12-20; calyx cup hairy; leaves hairy beneath, especially on the nerves 5. C. pyrifolia Ait. b. Anthers white in bud, gradually turning brown; stamens 8-12 (rarely more), calyx cup and leaves beneath usually glabrous - - 6. C. pyrifolia sylvestris subsp. nov. 2. Corymb and calyx cup glabrous* ; sepals slightly dentate or en- tire; petioles at least one-third as long as the blade, glabrous beset with few glands. a. Anthers white; sepals toothed and conspicuously gland- ‘ular; petioles margined, blade acute at base, its teeth more or less obtuse if the small terminal gland is re- moved - - - - 7%. @. caliciglabrg sp. nov. &. Anthers red; sepals with few gland-tipped teeth or entire - and glandless; petioles marginless by tightly inrolled edges, filiform, usually more than one-half as long as the blade . ae - - - 8. CO. coccinea L. (For subspecies see below, description No. 8). * In some forms of C. coccinea slightly scattered with soft hairs, but glabrate. 94 Schuette—Hawthorns of Northeastern Wisconsin. Descriptions of species and subspecies. 1. Crataegus subvillosa Schrader. A tree with gray, ascending branches, 20-30 feet high and 6-9 inches -indiameter. It is easily distinguished by the generally large, densely villous-tomentose leaves with mostly cordate, truncate or even acute bases and slender marginless petioles. The corymbs and flowers are large; sepals hairy both within and without, teeth and glands none or obscure; stamens 12-20 with whitish, later brownish, anthers; the disk with mostly 3-4 styles. The dull red fruits vary in size up to that of cherries and are globose, ovoid or obconical. Thorns few, black, slender, or short and stout. Flowering in the second half of May. Not rare; on banks, slopes, and in moist soil. 2. Crataegus tomentosa L. A slender, crookedly bent but upright, gray tree with few short branches, 8-10 feet high and as thick as a heavy walking stick. The leaves are ovate or obovate (often somewhat oblong or roundish), acute at top, acute or acuminate at base, the blade decurrent on the short, tomentose petiole almost to the end; marginal teeth cuspidately tipped, the blade pubescent beneath, glabrous above; the bracts of the buds are large and red, of the flowers linear-lanceolate, brownish, obscurely toothed and glandless. The compound corymb, the calyx cup, and the usually irregularly toothed and glandless or minutely glandular sepals are finely tomentose. Stamens 12-20; anthers red; pistils 2 or 3; fruits small, somewhat pear-shaped, oblong when young, bulged at the middle like a cask, and quite red when ripe. Not rare in fertile soil or clay, which it prefers. lt is unmistakably distinct and easily recognized by its late flowering, about June 10-25, two weeks later than the species last described. 3. Crataegus macracantha Lodd. This species is distinguishable from the last by the white anthers. It is a thorny, spreading, gray shrub, 6-10 feet high. Leaves generally round-ovate, acute or acutish at each end, obscurely lobed and toothed (teeth tipped with a small gland, obtuse or obtusish if this gland is removed), hairy beneath; petiole usually rather slender, mostly with few glands, margined and hairy. Bud scales reddish; stipules and bracts lance-linear, quite glandular; corymbs compound, hairy, as are the calyx cups; sepals glabrous outside, toothed, and gland- ular on the short teeth. Stamens 8-10; pistils 4 (3-5); fruits red, ovoid or globose, as large as big peas. Thorns dark brown, shining, rather Schuette—Hawthorns of Northeastern Wisconsin. 95 long and numerous, as are the flowers and fruits. .Flowering the latter half of May. Common. Prefers moist soil on banks and slopes (Com- pare No. 7, below). . 4. Crataegus punctata Jacq. / A large shrub or usually a small tree, 12-25 feet high and 4-6 inches in diameter, with numerous, nearly horizontal, far-spreading, gray branches and few gray, slender thorns. Leaves obovate to spatulate, acute at apex, cuneate at base, decurrent on the hairy or tomentose, short petiole {in some forms the latter only margined), entire in the lower, irregularly toothed in the upper part, the teeth obscurely glandular or glandless, the nerves hairy underneath. Bud scales brown, but involucral leaves rather large, obovate or spatulate, greenish, brown, or whitish. Stipules and bracts chiefly linear, slender, brown and glandular on the margins, of various forms in sterile shoots. Corymbs compound, with profuse, large flowers. Calyx cup densely hairy or tomentose; sepals entire and glandless, glabrous outside in the upper half. Stamens 12-20; anthers at first whitish, later brown and dark; pistils 3; fruits usually large, globose, reddish or yellowish-green with whitish dots. This conspicu- ous tree with a handsome top is densely covered with white flowers at the end of May and the early part of June. It prefers calcareous and open clay-soil pastures. Common, especially on the peninsula between Lake Michigan and Green Bay. Variations from the type are occasionally observed in the form and size of the leaves, the sepals, the glands, degree of pubescence, etc. The variety with shining, thick leaves and with more numerous, rather larger thorns is C. punctata decipiens subsp. nov. (type specimen, No. 431,497, U. S. National Herbarium), C. crus-galli is not found in the region under consideration. 5. Crataegus pyrifolia Ait. A tree with gray ascending branches forming a rather close, somewhat obtuse top. Shoots of the preceding season brown and shining, those of the current year green, later brown; bud scales coriaceous, brown; in- volucral leaves obovate to spatulate, red with a green zone along the margins, glandular; stipules and bracts very fugaceous, mostly filiform or linear, and glandular; leaves broadly elliptic but acute at each end (or ovate or obovate), dull, hairy on the nerves on both faces, the pubes- cence extending down on the upper side of the longitudinal groove of the otherwise glabrous, glandless, margined, short petiole which rarely exceeds one-sixth the length of the blade; teeth of blade glandless or obscurely glandular. Corymb compound, pubescent; calyx cup hairy; sepals almost fimbriately toothed and glandular, glabrous outside; sta- mens usually 12 to 20; anthers red; pistils 2-3; fruits the size of peas, 96 Schuette—Hawthorns of Northeastern Wisconsin. globose or globular, red. Thorns generally short and stout, straight, dark brown and shining, gray on older branches. Flowering toward the end of May. Not rare on rich and moist soil. S, Crataegus pyrifolia sylvestris subsp. nov. This plant, probably a woods-living form, is closely allied to the last. It is, however, distinguished by having usually 10 (7-12) stamens; anthers white becoming yellow, then brown; the sepals outside glabrous or near- ly so, in general less hairy on the corymb; bracts narrowly lanceolate to linear or filiform; the petioles slightly longer, often one-fourth as long as the blade; the upper involucral leaves sometimes uniform whitish or approaching the last-with greenish or yellowish margins, usually slender, longer, often bent, numerous on shrubs, fewer on trees. A slender tree (8-15 feet high) with slender branches, occurring not rarely in wet, moist, shady woods. Flowering with the last. Type specimen, No. 431,500, U.S. National Herbarium. 7. Crataegus caliciglabra sp. nov. A low, spreading, thorny shrub on borders of open fields and in groves, similar in general to No. 3, but distinguished by the following characters: shoots of the current year glabrous; calyx, except the upper side of the sepals absolutely glabrous; the whole plant otherwise glabrous; the peti- ole obviously marked with 8-5 glands; the uppermost involucral leaves green with a reddish midnerve, spatulate; the lanceolate, slender sepals usually longer than the cup when flowering. This species is distinguished from C. pyrifolia and C. coccinea by its white anthers and the more obtuse teeth of the blade. Flowering with the last. Type specimen, No. 431,498, .U. 8S. National Herbarium. 8. Crataegus coccinea L. A polymorphous shrub, nearly every individual exhibiting some vari- ation. The young plants vary from the old ones, the solitary individuals from those’ in groups. According to the environment characters disap- pear, are added, or fail to present a distinct appearance. For these rea- sons the following description includes several forms recently regarded as species. The typical form is only a shrub, 3 to 10 feet high. The branches are gray, ascending, more or less divergent, roundish, striate or irregularly angular, and somewhat undulately-bent; the twigs yellowish or brown- ish; the fertile shoots of the season glabrous; the thorns short and stout or long and slender, brown (gray on old twigs), mostly black at top and brown-red below, sometimes with a slightly silver-gray cover; petioles Schuette—Hawthorns of Northeastern Wisconsin. 97 filiform, slender, marginless, usually as long as or longer than half the length of the blade, beset with few glands. The blade is broad-ovate in outline, acute at the top, obscurely protracted at the cordate, truncate or rounded base, lower face soon glabrous, teeth sharply acute, slightly glandular-tipped or glandless. Bud scales obovate, red; stipules like the bracts linear to narrow-lanceolate, reddish or yellowish, soon decid- uous, lined on the margins with brown or yellow glands. ‘Corymbs com- pound, glabrous, sometimes thinly scattered with deciduous or fugaceous soft hairs. Calyx cup glabrous; sepals glabrous outside, slightly hairy or smooth inside, either with a few or more basal glandular teeth or entire and glandless. Stamens in some forms 12-20, usually not ex- ceeding 12; anthers red; pistils 3-5; fruits ovoid, red, the size of large peas. Flowering from the end of May. Frequent on dry soil. In the type, cordate and truncate leaves are prevalent; the sepals more or less toothed and glandular, hairy inside; the stamens rarely more than 12, and the thorns usually slender. Crataegus coccinea eglandulosa subsp. nov. (type specimen, No. 431,494, U. S. National Herbarium), on dry, exposed soil, has entire (or nearly so), glandless sepals, being glabrous within or obscurely hairy: usually 5-8 stamens; 3 or 4 styles; and usually stout and short thorns. C. schuettei Ashe, close to the type and perhaps only a variety, is distinguished by the toothed and glandular, ventrally hairy sepals, the mostly 12-20 stamens, the petioles with a deep, hairy, longitudinal groove. It is of slightly higher growth and prefers somewhat moist soil. i ae rete os i es een tds pee a = 490 Fu fe Ly" 7 he ie 7, 2: es fy, rs Fh at ore ao a ape VoL. XVI, PP. 99-102 JUNE 25, 1903 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON GENERAL NOTES. The proper name of the Redwood Chickaree. In the Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington (Vol. XI, pp. 281-282, December 30, 1897), I described as a new subspecies a form of Sciurus (Tamiasciurus) douglasit, that inhabits the costal strip of northern California west of the Coast Range, calling it Seturus hudson- icus orarius. A few months later Dr. J. A. Allen published a review of the subgenus J'amiasciuvrus* and to my astonishment substituted Audu- _ bon’s and Bachman’s name, Sctwrus mollipilosus for this animal. As I cannot agree with Dr. Allen on this point of synonymy, it seems well to point out why, in my opinion, the animal in question should be known by my name and not that of Audubon and Bachman. Sciurus mollipilosus was first described by Audubon and Bachman in the Proc. Acad. of Nat. Sci., Phila., October, 1841, p. 102, from speci- mens said to have come from the ‘‘Northern parts of California.’”’ A little later the species was figured and again described in Quad. of N. Am., Vol. I, pp. 157-158, pl. XIX, by the same authors who changed the locality to ‘‘The northern part of California near the Pacific Ocean.”’ The figure and both descriptions indicate an animal very rusty brown above and grayish below, the underparts being said to be ‘‘ginereous, lightly tinged in some places with rufous.’’ The tail was described as “brown, twice annulated with black; a few of the hairs are tipped with gray.’’ None of these characters agree in the least with the colors of the Redwood Chickaree, which is very dark and distinctly olivaceous . above, without reddish brown shades, except sometimes a little at base of tail and on rump, and varies in color below from pale ochraceous-buff *Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., X, pp. 249-298, July 22, 1898. 26—PRoc. BIoL. Soc. WASH. VOL. XVI, 1903. (99) 100 General Notes. to strong ochraceous and has the tail deeply fringed with white at all seasons. True Sciurus douglasi, the nearest relative of S. orarius, was perfectly well known to the distinguished authors of the Quadrupeds of North America, having been, in fact, first described by Bachman himself, but they make no mention of their Sctwrus mollipilosus being at all like it, comparing the latter with the eastern Chickaree, 8S. hudsonicus, At the time I wrote my description it seemed to me so perfectly evi- dent that S. mollipilosus was a member of the hudsonicus and not the douglast group that I did not mention that species though I carefully compared specimens of the new form with the descriptions and the plate. Going over the ground again, even more carefully, I am still emphati- cally of the same opinion. As to the origin of the specimens (there were said to be specimens) upon which the name Sciurus mollipilosus was based—the only ground Dr. Allen gives for using the name to supplant my 8. orarius—a word is sufficient. When Audubon and Bachman knew the exact source of their material they always stated it in detail, and such, in those days, little- known and indefinate regions as ‘‘Northern parts of California’’ and ‘Northern part of California near the Pacific Ocean’? means merely northwest coast of North America, and is analogous to ‘‘that part of California that adjoins Mexico”’ of the same authors. To sum up: In my opinion Sciurus mollipilosus Audubon and Bach- man may have been based on the animal now called Scturus hudsonicus vancouverensis Allen, with which the plate and descriptions agree very closely, or possibly it may have been Sciurus hudsonicus streatori, but whatever it was, it was a member of the Audsonicus group and has noth- ing whatever to do with the Redwood Chickaree which belongs to the douglas group, and should be known as Sciurus (Tamiasciurus) douglast orarius (Bangs).— Outram Bangs. A new name for the Dinosaur Haplocanthus Hatcher. Dr. C. R. Eastman has very courteously called my attention to the fact that the generic name Haplocanthus recently proposed by me for a new Sauropod dinosaur from the Jurassic deposits near Canyon City, Colorado,* is essentially preoccupied, Agassiz having employed the name Haplacan- thus for a genus of fishes. I would therefore propose the name Haplocan- thosaurus for this genus of dinosaurs with simple median spines on the anterior dorsals and posterior cervicles.—J. B. Hatcher. *Pyoc. Biol. Soc., Washington, XVI, pp. 1-2, February 21, 1903. General Notes. 101 Corrections to the nomenclature of the Eocene fossil corals of the United States. Since the publication of my Eocene and Lower Oligocene coral faunas of the United States in 1900, as Monograph XXXIX of the U.S. Geologi- cal Survey, I find it necessary to make several changes in the names there used. Aldrichiella nom. nov. for genus Aldrichia Vaughan (op. cit. p. 70). Professor T. D. A. Cockerell has called my attention to the fact that Coquilett applied this name in 1894* to a genus of Bombylid flies. Type species of Aldrichiella, A. elegans Vaughan. Endopachys Lonsdale, 1845. My genus Rhectopsammia (op. cit. p. 183, pl. XXI, figs. 11-13) was based on the young of Hndopachys macluret (Lea), but I discovered my mistake after the publication of the Mono- graph. The genus Hndopachys has been characterized as showing no evidence of attachment. My Rhectopsammia is the attached young of Endopachys. These young individuals often attain a height of 6 mm., then the upper portion of the corallum becomes separated from the pedicel. Indications of the detachment scar may frequently be seen quite late in the life of some specimens. Usually it is ultimately com- pletely obliberated by the deposition of calcareous substance over it by the edge zone of the coral extending downward, enveloping the base. It may be well to call attention to an apparent duplication of the name Paracyathus granulosus. On page 107, pl. VIII, figs. 15 to 15b, in my memoir already cited, I have described and figured a species from Woods Bluff, Alabama, under the name given above. Professor Verrill in the Rept. U. S. Fish Com., Pt. XI, in the Vol. for 1883, pub. 1885, p. 535. uses the name Paracyathus granulosus, but the name is not accompanied by any description. I have made a careful search for a published de- scription of the species referred to, but have not been able to find any. I have written to Professor Verrill for information regarding the matter. He says that some nomina nuda escaped his attention in preparing the lists for the Fish Commission, although he endeavored to eliminate all of them. Therefore my name Paracyathus granulosus will stand, and - when Professor Verrill publishes the description of his coral it will be necessary for him to give it another name.—T. Wayland Vaughan. Note on the generic name Hylophilus. The presently accepted rules of nomenclature render necessary the re- jection of the generic term Hylophitus for the group of Vireonideze to which it has been commonly applied. This name Hylophilus (Tem- minck, Pl. Col., 1823, pl. 173, fig. 2) is preoccupied by Hylophila Hiibner (Verz. Schmett., 1816, p. 396), used for a genus of Lepidoptera. The *Trans. Amer. Entomolog. Soc., Vol. XXI, p. 93, 1894. 102 General Notes. proper name for the avian genus is Pachysylvia Bonaparte (Consp. Avium I, 1850, p. 309); and the following species are current: Pachysylia olivacea (Tschudi), Pachysylwia flavipes (Lafresnaye), Pachysylia viridifiava (Lawrence), Pachysylvia pallidifrons (Dalmas), Pachysylvia acuticauda (Lawrence), Pachysylvia griseipes (Richmond), Pachysylwia brunnea (Allen), Pachysylvia semicinerea (Sclater and Salvin), Pachysylwia luteifrons (Sclater), Pachysylvia ferrugineifrons (Sclater), Pachysyluia rubrifrons (Sclater and Salvin), Pachysylvia ochraceiceps (Sclater), Pachysylwia brunneiceps (Sclater), Pachysylvia aurantiifrons (Lawrence), Pachysylvia fuscicapilla (Sclater and Salvin), Pachysylvia flaviventris (Cabanis), Pachysylvia semibrunnea (Lafresnaye), Pachysylvia flaveola (Wied), Pachysylvia amaurocephala (Nordmann), Pachysylvia pe- cilotis (Temminck), Pachysylvia sclatert (Salvin and Godman), Pachysylvia muscicapina (Sclater and Salvin), Pachysylvia decurtata (Bonaparte), Pachysylvia pectoralis (Sclater), Pachysylvia thoracica thoracica (Tem- minck), Pachysylvia thoracica griseiventris (Berlepsch and Hartert).— Harry C. Oberholser. The Short-leaved Sundew in Virginia. During the second week of May, 1903, I found the short-leaved sundew common in a low moist field near the shore of Hampton Roads about three miles west of Hampton, Virginia. The situation was open, and rather less wet than those generally occupied by the more northern members of the genus, since the Drosera was closely associated with such plants as Houstonia cwrulea and Potentilla canadensis rather than with characteristic bog species. During the early hours of the day the plant was Conspicuous on account of its large whitish flowers, exceeding in size those of either of its companions; but by noon the corollas closed, and the slender scapes and small rosettes of reddish leaves were not easily detected among the grass. This record extends the northward range of Drosera brevifolia from southern North Carolina,* and adds another to the list of lower austral plants known to reach the region of the lower Chesapeake Bay.— Gerrit S. Miller, Jr. *See Kearney, Contrib. U.S. Nat. Herb., X, p. 454, August 1, 1900. VOL. XVI, PP. 103-104 . JUNE 25, 1903 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON A NEW LANDSHELL FROM CALIFORNIA. BY PAUL BARTSCH. {By permission of the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution.] Mrs. H. L. T. Walcott, of Dedham, Mass., during a recent visit to Palm Springs, San Diego County, California, collected asmall lot of land shells which are believed to be an undescribed species of Sonorella. The shells are mostly dead and bleached, and were found in the crevices of rocks, filled with sand. A few individuals however still have part of the animal within them and it may be presumed that the color of these specimens is that of the living shell. This species may be known as: Sonorella walcottiana sp. nov. Shell moderately elevated, rather thin, polished, of light isabelline color, with a moderately broad dark chestnut band encircling the whorls somewhat posterior to the periphery. This band is bordered on each side by a narrow zone a trifle lighter than the general color of the shell and is usually almost completely covered in all the whorls except part of the penultimate and the last volution. Nuclear whorls one and one- 27—PRoo. Bion. Soc. WASH. VOL, XVI, 1903. (103) 104 Bartsch—A New Landshell from California. half, marked by many microscopic, subspirally arranged, elongate-oval papillae. Post-nuclear whorls four and one-half, well rounded, some- what inflated, marked by fine irregular lines of growth and a few minute scattered papillae. Sutures very distinct. Last whorl strongly deflected, the summit falling halfway between the dark spiral band and the base of the columella; slightly constricted behind the fairly well devel- oped and somewhat reflected peristome. Columella obliquely curved, much expanded and decidedly reflected at the base where it almost con- ceals the umbilicus. Aperture large, oblique, rounded. The type, number 170,007, United States National Museum Collection, measures: maj. lat., 23.5; min. lat., 18.5; alt., 15.5; aperture, maj. lat., 14; min. lat., 12.7 mm. VoL. XVI, PP. 105-112 SEPTEMBER 30, 1903 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW GENERA SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES OF AMERICAN BIRDS. BY ROBERT RIDGWAY. [By permission of the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution.] The following new forms are included in Part III of ‘Birds of North and Middle America,”* now mostly in print, the further printing and publication of which has been postponed until after June, 1904. In consequence of this long delay it is obviously desirable that these novelties be published in advance. Budytes flavus alascensis, new subspecies. Similar to B. f. leucostriatus but slightly smaller, especially the bill; coloration duller, the yellow of underparts paler and less pure, the chest more distinctly clouded or blotched with grayish, the olive-green of rump, etc., less pronounced. : Western Alaska. Type, No. 73,231, Coll. U. S. Nat. Mus., adult male, St. Michael, Alaska, June 1, 1877; L. M. Turner. *Bulletin of the U. S. National Museum, No. 50, 28—PROC. BIOL. Soc, WASH. VOL. XVI, 1903. (105) 106 Ridgway—New American Birds. Alopochelidon*, new genus. Tail less than half as long as wing, slightly emarginate, all the rectrices broad and rounded at tip; wing-tip little if any longer than distance from bend of wing to end of longest secondaries; above dull grayish brown. Similar to Stelgidopteryx but differing in less adhesion between toes (in this respect agreeing with Pygochelidon), and in entire absence of re- curved tips to barbs-of outer web of outermost primary. Type, Hirundo fucata Temminck. Orochelidon}, new genus. Differing from Atticora, Neochelidon and Notiochelidon in having the subbasal phalanx of middle toe entirely free from the outer toe; from Diplochelidon in having the tail much less than two-thirds as long as wing, and forked for less than one-fourth its length (nearly even in one species), and nasal fossse occupying at least basal half of maxilla. Type, Petrochelidon murina Cassin (=Hirundo cinerea Gmelin’). Diplochelidont, new genus. Nearest Qrochelidon, but differing in having the tail more than three- fourths as long as wing, forked for one-half its length, the lateral rec- trices attenuate; nasal fosse very small, occupying much less than basal half of maxilla. Type, Hirundo melanoleuca Maximilian. LamprochelJidon|, new genus. Nearest Tachycineta and Callichelidon but nasal operculum entirely feathered, the feathering of the frontal antiw extending to the anterior end of the nasal fosse and partly hiding nostrils. Type, Hirundo euchrysea Gosse. *’ Alwmos, fox-like; yeArd@yv, a swallow. + ’’Opos, a mountain; yeAzd@rv, a swallow. ¢{41mAG0S, double; yeAzd@rv, a swallow; with reference to its resem- blance to swallows of two different types. |Aauzpos, shining; yeAzdw@yv, a swallow. Ridgway—New American Birds. 107 Stelgidopteryx salvini, new species. Similar to S. serripennis but pileum distinctly darker than back, ter- tials conspicuously margined with white (except in worn plumage), and chin and upper throat pale cinnamon or cinnamon-buff. Southwestern Mexico (State of Jalisco) to Chiriqui. Type, No. 30,716, Coll. U.S. Nat. Mus., adult male, Duefias, Guate- mala, October 17, 1859; O. Salvin. Vireosylva gilva brewsteri, new subspecies. Similar to V. g. swainsonii but larger (adult male averaging: wing, 73; tail, 52.5; exposed culmen, 11.2; adult female, wing, 71.7; tail, 50.3; exposed culmen, 10.8 mm.). Mountains of Chihuahua, northwestern Mexico. Type, No. 21,811, Coll. William Brewster, adult male, Bravo, Chi- huahua, July 24, 1888; M. Abbott Frazar. Vireosylva josephz costaricensis, new subspecies. Similar to V. 7. josephe but pileum paler sooty, wing shorter and tail longer. Highlands of Costa Rica. Type, No. 41,269, Coll. U. S. Nat. Mus., San José, Costa Rica; J. Car- miol. Vireo huttoni cognatus, new subspecies. Similar to V. h. stephenst but- underparts without yellowish tinge, the chest not shaded with olive-buff; rump and upper tail-coverts less strongly olive-green. Cape district of Lower California. Type, No. 15,527, Coll. William Brewster, adult male, Sierra de la Laguna, Lower California, May 5, 1887; M. Abbott Frazar. Vireo huttoni mexicanus, new subspecies. Similar in coloration to V. h. huttoni but size decidedly larger (adult male averaging: wing, 67.3; tail, 51.9; adult female, wing, 65.4; tail, 51.2 mm.). Southern portion of Mexican plateau to highlands of Guatemala. Type, No. 143,442, Coll. U. S. Nat. Mus. (Biological Survey Collection), . adult male, Mt. Orizaba, Puebla, April 26, 1893; E. W. Nelson. 108 Ridgway—New American Birds. Vireo bellii arizonz, new subspecies. Similar to V. b. pusillus but more strongly tinged with olive above, the sides and flanks more strongly tinged with yellowish olive. (Intermedi- ate between V. b. pusillus and V. b. medius, and bearing to the former the same relation that V. 0. bellit does to the latter.) Extreme western portion of Texas to Arizona, and southward into northwestern Mexico. Type, No. 98,'790, Coll. U. S. Nat. Mus., adult male, Tucson, Arizona, March 21, 1884; E. W. Nelson. Pachysylvia ochraceiceps pallidipectus, new subspecies. Similar to P. 0. ochraceiceps but chest pale buffy olive instead of light | ochraceous-brown. Southern Honduras to Chiriqui. Type, No. 47,396, Coll. U. S. Nat. Mus., adult male, Angostura, Costa Rica, July 8, 1867; J. Carmiol. Vireolanius pulchellus viridiceps, new subspecies. Similar to V. p. verticalis but entire pileum, together with upper part of hindneck, green. Veragua to Panama Railway. Type, No. 40,148, Coll. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., adult female, Panama; J. McLeannan. Lanius ludovicianus mearnsi, new subspecies. Similar to L. J. mevicanus but smaller, with larger bill. San Clemente Island, Santa Barbara group, California; Santa Marga- rita Island, Lower California. Type, No. 134,'781, Coll. U. S. Nat. Mus., adult female, San Clemente Island, California, August 27, 1894; Dr. Edgar A. Mearns, U. S. A. Aphelocoma unicolor ceelestis, new subspecies. p Pp Similar to A. wu. wnicolor but larger and the blue color decidedly lighter (cerulean instead of cobalt). Highlands of Guatemala and Chiapas. Type, No. 144,685, Coll. U. 8S. Nat. Mus. (Biological Survey Collection), adult male, San Cristobal, Chiapas, September 24, 1895; Nelson and Goldman. Ridgway—New American Birds. 109 Bezolophus inornatus restrictus, new subspecies. Similar to B. ¢. inornatus but darker, especially the underparts, the young conspicuously less brownish. Vicinity of San Francisco Bay, California. Type, No. 163,569, Coll. U. S. Nat. Mus., adult male, Oakland, Cali- fornia, March 24, 1896; Dr. J. Hornung. Beolophus inornatus murinus, new subspecies. Similar to B. t. tnornatus but larger, upperparts much grayer, under- ; parts darker and grayer; similar to B. t. griseus but decidedly darker. Southern California, in Los Angeles, San Bernardino, and San Diego counties; northern Lower California. Type, No. 133,812, Coll. U.S. Nat. Mus., adult male, Nachoguero Valley, Lower California, June 4, 1894; Dr. Edgar A. Mearns, U.S. A. Psaltriparus minimus saturatus, new subspecies. Similar to P. m. minimus but darker in corresponding plumages; young with color of pileum duller, more grayish sooty. Vicinity of Puget Sound. Type, No. 136,372, Coll. U.S. Nat. Mus. (Biological Survey Collection), Mount Vernon, Washington, December 11, 1895; C. P. Streator. * Chamea fasciata rufula, new subspecies. Similar to C. f. phea but paler; the back clearer sepia brown, the ~ underparts lighter vinaceous-cinnamon. Central coast district of California, in Marin, San Francisco, and Santa Clara counties. Type, No. 82,620, Coll. U. S. Nat. Mus., ferent Marin County, Cali- fornia, December 8, 1876; C. A. Allen. Polioptila nelsoni, new species. Similar to P. ceruica mexicana but adult male with forehead and crown (within the U-shaped black mark) blackish slate, distinctly glossed 110 Ridgway— New American Birds. with greenish blue; adult female similar to that of P. c. cwsiogaster but upperparts duller slate-gray and underparts white medially. Southeastern Mexico (States of Oaxaca and Chiapas). Type, No. 142,695, Coll. U. S. Nat. Mus. (Biological Survey Collection), adult male, Oaxaca City, Oaxaca, June 21, 1894; Nelson and Goldman. Polioptila bairdi, new species. Similar to P. albiloris but smaller, and with lores not entirely white, but crossed with a black line (in adult male) from rictus to anterior angle of eye. Western Nicaragua and Costa Rica. Type, No. 89,693, Coll. U. 8S. Nat. Mus., adult male, San Juan del Sur, Nicaragua, January 6, 1883; C. C. Nutting. - Polioptila superciliaris magna, new subspecies. Similar to P. s. superciliaris but decidedly larger (except length of tarsus), the wing much longer; coloration darker, the pileum, in adult female (adult male not seen!) nearly slate-black, the underparts pale gray (between french gray and cinereous), only the abdomen, hinder flanks, anal region and under tail-coverts being white. Adult female.—Wing, 47.5; tail, 48; exposed culmen, 12.5 mm. Highlands of central Costa Rica. Type, No..189,563, Coll. U. S. Nat. Mus., adult female, Cartago, Costa Rica, April, 1886; J. J. Cooper. Telmatodytes palustris iliacus, new subspecies. Similar to 7. p. palustris but paler and much more refescent, the flanks and anal region conspicuously tawny buff or buffy cinnamon. Mississippi Valley and Great Plains region, north to Alberta, east to Indiana, south in migration over greater part of Mexico (except north- western portion) and along Gulf coast to western Florida, occasionally to middle and southern Atlantic coast. Type, No. 90,199, Coll. U. S. Nat. Mus., adult male, Wheatland, Knox County, Indiana, April 30, 1883; R. Ridgway. This form equals 7. p. disseptus Bangs in part; but the type of the latter, now before me, is from Wayland, Massachusetts, and, together with a large series from the same portion of the country, seems to me inseparable from 7. p. palustris. | Ridgway—New American Birds. 111 Heleodytes nelsoni, new species. =Campylorhynchus megalopterus and C. pallescens of authors, not of Lafresnaye. Similar to H. megalopterus (Lafresnaye)* but smaller, paler, and more brownish; bands on back dull brownish white or pale brownish buff; spots on underparts grayish brown instead of blackish. Southeastern portion of Mexican plateau. Type, No. 13,659, Coll. U. S. Nat. Mus., Jalapa, Vera Cruz, J. Montes de’Oca. * —H. alticola Nelson, which Mr. Nelson was misled into naming as new through an error of mine in identifying Lafresnaye’s type. eens CN at SIE ae Vor. XVI, PP. 113-116 SEPTEMBER 30, 1903 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON THE NORTH AMERICAN FORMS OF ASTRAGALINUS PSALTRIA (SAY). BY HARRY C. OBERHOLSER. Six geographical races of Astragalinus psaltria (Say) were recognized by Mr. Ridgway in his recent treatment of the genus*, as follows: | Astragalinus psaltria psaltria (Say).—Lower California and southwest- ern United States from Texas and Colorado to California. Astragalinus psaltria arizone (Coues).—Northwestern Mexico and southwestern border ef the United States from Texas to California, north to Colorado. Astragatinus psaliria mexicanus (Swainson).—Mexico, except extreme southern and northwestern portions; north to Texas, New Mexico and Colorado. Astragalinus psaltria croceus (Jouy).—Southern Mexico to Panama, casually to Colombia and Ecuador. Astragalinus psalirta jouyt (Ridgway).—Yucatan. Astragalinus psaltria columbianus (Lafresnaye).—Costa Rica to Vene- zuela and Peru. *Birds of North and Middle Amer., I, 1901, pp. 114-121. 29—PrRoc. Bron. Soc. WasHk. Vou. XVI, 1903. (113) 114 Oberholser—Forms of Astragalinus Psaltria (Say). With the last three we have no present concern, but the others will bear further elucidation. In the first place, the status of Astragalinus p. arizone, as currently accepted, has been very properly challenged by Mr. Brewster* and Mr. Grin- nell+, as well as by Mr. Ridgway{. Furthermore, the occur- rence of all three forms—psaltria, arizone and mexicanus—in Colorado during the breeding season is alone sufficient to arouse suspicion. The type locality of psaliria is the Arkansas River, near 105° west longitude (between Pueblo and Cafion City), Colorado§; and a series of summer males from Colorado Springs, Colorado, which for purposes of comparison may be considered practical topotypes, exhibits all gradations from the green-backed to the black-backed forms, representing thus psaltria, arizone, and mexicanus—all breeding at the same place! These differences are, however, in this case, quite certainly the result of age; and this conclusion is fortified by the occurrence of similar varia- tions well within the range of the so-called black-backed form mexicanus, || in Texas, New Mexico, and even Mexico. Males breed in the green-backed plumage which probably is the condi- tion of the first year; and one or two, possibly three, more seasons are required to complete the fully adult black dress. Say’s psaliria was based on one of these immature green-backed specimens which are indistinguishable from individuals of the constantly green-backed form found in California; but notwith- standing this, the name must be used for the black-backed Colorado bird. Fully adult individuals from this latter state, that is, those with the black upper surface, seem, however, not to be proportionately so common, at least in collections, as the similar plumage of the Mexican bird, and moreover, have usu- ally some slight mixture of olive green on the upper parts, though by far the greater number of Mexican birds have a simi- lar trace of olive; but both these apparent differences may be due either to fortuitous selection in collecting specimens—as, for in- stance, appears to be the case with adult males of Sporophila *Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., XLI, 1902, p. 136. +Condor, 1902, pp. 115-116. {Birds of North and Middle Amer., I, 1901, p. 116. §Say, Long’s Exped. Rocky Mts., II, 1823, p. 40. |Swainson, Philos, Mag., N. §., I, 1827, p. 485 (Real del Monte, Hi- dalgo, Mexico). Oberholser—Forms of Astragalinus Psaltria (Say). 115 morelleti from the Lower Rio Grande—or to a tendency toward intergradation with the green-backed form found farther to the westward. Moreover, there seem to be no other characters to separate the birds of Colorado (psaltria) from those of Mexico (mexicanus). From these facts it therefore is apparent that Astragalinus p. mexicanus is the sameas Astragalinus p. psaltria. The name arizone* was based on New Mexico birds in the parti-colored immature plumage, and is undoubtedly a synonym | of psaltria. The type (No. 37,091, U. 8. Nat. Mus.) came from near Fort Wingate, New Mexico; and another specimen taken at the samé time (June 28) is almost pure black above. In treating this form, Mr. Ridgway curiously enough overlooked the type and the two other specimens taken simultaneously by Dr. Coues, stating that none of these were in the collection of the United States National Museum+. New Mexico, with the exception of its extreme southwestern corner, seems to be in- habited solely by the black-backed bird psaliria. All adult males from Lower California, California, Nevada, Arizona, together with those we have seen from Utah have the back olive green, apparently never assuming the black plumage of true psaltria; and rarely have even a mixture of black in the back or auriculars, such individuals indicating probably, as Mr. Brewster suggests, merely an aberrant tendency of this green- backed form. ‘True intermediates doubtless do occur, however, in northwestern Mexico. From what has been said in the foregoing paragraphs it may be premised that there are but two forms of Astragalinus psaliria in North America north of southern Mexico, and that one of these is unnamed. They may be distinguished as follows: Astragalinus psaltria psaltria (Say). Fringilla psaltria Say, Long’s Exped. Rocky Mts., II, 1823, p. 40. Carduelis mexicana Swainson, Philos. Mag., N. S., I, 1827, p. 435. Fringilla melanoxantha Lichtenstein, Preis-Verz. Mex. Vég., 1830, p. 2. Fringilla texensis Giraud, Sixteen Species North Amer. Birds, 1841, pl. 5, fig. 1. “*Coues, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1866, pp. 82, 83. +Birds of North and Middle Amer., I, 1901, p. 116, footnote. 116 Oberholser—Forms of Astragalinus Psaltria (Say). Chrysomitris (Pseudomitris) mexicanus var. arizone Coues, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1866, pp. 82, 83. Subspecific characters.—Upper parts, including wings and tail, black, the wings with broad white edgings, the tail with most of its feathers extensively white basally; entire under surface yellow. Geographic distribution.—Mexico, excepting the northwestern and ex- treme southern portions; Texas, New Mexico, and Colorado. Astragalinus psaltria hesperophilus, subsp. nov. Astragalinus psaltria Auct., nec Say. Subspecific characters.—Similar to Astragalinus psaltria-psaliria, but ear-coverts, sides of neck, with back, nape, and rump, in fully adult plumage, olive green instead of black. Geographic distribution.—Southwestern United States and north west- ern Mexico, from California and Lower California to Utah, Arizona, and extreme southwestern New Mexico. . Description.—T ype, adult male, No. 139,158, U. S. National Museum (Biological Survey Collection); San Bernardino, California, December 28, 1890; Dr. A. K. Fisher. Pileum, and upper tail-coverts black, the latter with olive green edgings; remainder of upper parts olive green with narrow dusky or blackish shaft streaks; tail black, the inner webs of the three outer pairs of rectrices largely white, and all the feathers narrowly margined externally with pale grayish; wings black, with a large white speculum at the base of the primaries, the tertials broadly bordered with white, the other quills narrowly edged with grayish and olivaceous; lesser and median wing-coverts edged with olive green; greater coverts broadly margined with greenish white; sides of head and neck olive green; entire under surface deep primrose yellow, paler on the crissum, whitish on the abdomen, and shaded with olivaceous on sides and flanks; lining of wing mixed gray, white, and black. Length of wing, 65.5; tail, 48; exposed culmen, 9; tarsus, 15; middle toe, 10 mm. Vor. XVI, PP. 117-118 : SEPTEMBER 30, 1903 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON A NEW SPECIES OF HABENARIA FROM CUBA. BY OAKES AMES. This species is closely allied to Habenaria odontopetala, Rehb. f. (Fig. 2.) of peninsular Florida, Mexico, Central Amer- ica and Cuba. It grows in rich hillside woodlands, usually. where there is considerable shade, flowering during the winter months. On November 9, 1902, I discovered a single specimen in bloom in the, Province of Pinar del Rio, near Cayajabos, a town which was destroyed in the Cuban war; and on a second expedition to the same locality made in January, 1903, with Robert G. Leavitt, I found numerous plants, both in flower and in fruit. Habenaria odontopetala was common here though its season of bloom was practically at a close. However, many flowers were still in good condition, and made possible a care- ful comparative study of both species in the field. Habenaria Sanbornii, sp. nov. (Fig. 1). Plants 2-8 dm. tall; roots fleshy, tubers short, elliptical or nearly so; leaves six to eight, quite rigid, dull gray-green, never glossy above, 5-20 cm, long, 2-3 cm. wide, lanceolate to narrowly elliptical, lower ones often obtuse, upper ones acute; cauline bracts lanceolate to lance-ovate, acuminate, acute; floral bracts similar, lower ones longer than the 30--PROC, BIOL. Soc. WasH. VOL. XVI, 1903. (11%) 118 Ames—A New Species of Habenaria from Cuba. ovaries; racemes 6-30 cm. long, loosely or densely flowered, flowers few or many (twelve to sixty), pedicels short, nearly erect; lateral sepals Fic. 1. Habenaria Sanbornit Ames (ax 1%, bandcx 38). b greenish, strongly deflexed, falcate, spreading, elliptic-oblong, mostly 3-nerved, 7 mm. long; upper sepal similar in color, nearly orbicular, 3-nerved, 4 mm. long; petals 4mm, long, greenish-yellow, oblong, some- what quadrangular, the angles ob- tuse, rounded, at the summit of each petal the main nerve termin- ates in an abrupt denticle, anterior basal angle slightly protuberant; lip 5 mm. long, yellowish, oblong- linear, pointed, quite straight, de- flexed, margin rather revolute, base on either side obscurely obtuse angled, otherwise the lip is entire and regular; spur 10-12 mm. long, slender, straight; stigmatic glands somewhat globular; ovary 11-12 mm. long, cylindrical, tapering to both ends. Cuba: In vicinity of Cayajabos, Pinar del Rio. Zype in Author’s Herbarium, No. 519. January 29, 1903 (Leavitt and Ames). -Habenaria San- bornii, does not ap- pear in Wright’s collections of Cub- an plants so far as I have been able to ascertain, and up to this time I have not succeeded in identifying my ma- terial with any spe- cies of Habenaria hitherto described. Typical specimens have been placed in the Gray Her- barium of Harvard University. The name of Ed- win L. Sanborn, Jr., through whose kindness and hos- b wy LP Fic. 2. Habenaria odontopetalia Rehb. (@x1%, 6bandc x 3), pitality I was enabled to make a considerable collection and study of Cuban orchids, is associated with this species. VoL. XVI, PP. 119-120 SEPTEMBER 30, 1903 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON A NEW NATALINE BAT FROM THE BAHAMAS. BY GERRIT S. MILLER, Jr. [By permission of the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution. ] While accompanying the Bahama Expedition of the Geo- graphical Society of Baltimore, Mr. J. H. Riley obtained four specimens of a nataline bat easily distinguishable from the species hitherto known. They were taken in a cave near Sandy Point, at the southwest corner of Watlings Island. The animal may be known as: Chilonatalus tumidifrons, sp. nov. Type.—Adult male (in alcohol) No. 122,024 United States National Museum. Collected on Watlings Island, Bahamas, July 12, 1903, by J. H. Riley. Origina) number 157. Characters.—Not as small as Chilonatalus micropus and C. Sracananacs but forearm of about the same length as in the related species. Frontal gland extending from middle of forehead nearly to end of muzzle, and rising 5 mm. above level of eye. Skull and teeth essentially as in Chilo- natalus micropus, but much less diminutive in size. External form.—Except for the slight difference in size, the external ap- pearance of Chilonatalus tumidifrons is closely similar to that of C. mi- cropus, The forearm, however, is relatively shorter, and the ears are more evenly rounded off above. Lips and muzzle as in the related spe- 31—PRoc. Brion. Soc. WASH. VOL, XVI, 1903. (119) 120 Miller—A New Nataline Bat from the Bahamas. cies, except that projection above nostrils is narrower. Penis less than half as long as foot, and readily concealed by surrounding fur. Mem- branes in no way peculiar. Frontal gland at least four times as large as in Chilonatalus micropus, much longer and‘higher than wide. It extends from a point on forehead nearly level with middle of proencephalon to within 3 mm. of nostril, a distance of about 8 mm. Its greatest width is 8.8 mm.; and its height, measured from corner of eye is a little over 5 mm. . Its surface is finely rugose, and naked except for a sprinkling of minute hairs. Color.—The fur is everywhere cream-buff, that of the belly clear and unmixed with brown, that of the back clouded with broccoli-brown. Ears light yellowish brown, darkening at edges. Membranes dark brown. Skull and teeth.—Except for their greater size the skull and teeth do not differ appreciably from those of Chilonatalus micropus. Measurements.—T ype: total length, 87; head and body, 40; tail, 47; tibia, 18; foot, 7; forearm, 32; first digit, 5; second digit, 34; third digit, 65; fourth digit, 48; fifth digit, 49; ear from meatus, 14; ear from crown, 11; width of ear, 16; skull, greatest length, 15.8; basal length, 14; bas- ilar length, 13; zygomatic breadth, 7.4; greatest breadth of braincase, 6.6; mandible, 11.4; maxillary toothrow exclusive of incisors (alveoli), 6.8; mandibular toothrow exclusive of incisors (alveoli), 7. Specimens examined. —Four (two skins), all from the type locality. BRAS Oe GL Se SEES Gea een. femmes sh coral eaitid a ti ee aes VOL. XVI, PP. 121-122 SEPTEMBER 30, 1903 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON A NEW PIGMY SQUIRREL FROM CENTRAL AMERICA. BY E. W. NELSON. Although several squirrels belonging to the subgenus Micro- sciurus have been described they have all been based upon a very limited number of specimens. The rarity of these animals in recent collections from the region in which they occur makes it appear that they are either rare or extremely shy. Collectors visiting Central or northern South America should make special effort to obtain small squirrels, since the few speci- mens of Microsciurus already in existence show an unexpectedly large number of species with apparently rather restricted ranges. I am indebted to the generosity of Mr. Oldfield Thomas, Curator of Mammals of the British Museum, for the opportunity to describe the following species. Sciurus (Microsciurus) boquetensis, sp. nov. Ohiriqui Pigmy Squirrel. Typee—Adult female, No. 3.3.3.38, British Museum. Collected at Boquete (alt. 6000 ft.), Chiriqui, Panama, May 7, 1903, by H. J. Watson. Original number 93. 32—PRoc. BIoL. Soc. WASH. VOL. XVI, 1903. (121) 122 Nelson—A New Pigmy Squirrel. Distribution.—Known only from type locality. Specific characters.—Pelage soft, thick and woolly; tail slender, fiat- tened; upperparts olive brown; breast rusty rufous; rest of underparts mainly grizzled bistre brown; tops of feet and toes washed with rusty. Size about that of S. alfarz. Color.—Upperparts including sides of body and upper surface of legs uniform olivaceous brown with a dull yellowish shade; sides of head and neck slightly paler and more yellowish; tops of feet and toes washed with rusty reddish; tail dull tawny olive finely washed and tipped with black and thinly edged with pale yellowish tips of hairs; chin and throat dingy rusty; underside of neck and breast rusty rufous shading back into dull grizzled brown; underside of tail dull tawny olive narrowly bordered with black and thinly edged with pale yellowish tips of hairs. Measurements.—Measurements of type from dried skin: total length, 257; tail vertebra, 116; hind foot, 37. Cranial characters.—Premolars ?. Skull longer and proportionately narrower than in S. isthmius; this character specially marked in rostrum; interorbital width narrower; brain-case narrower and more highly arched, lower jaw heavier with angle stronger and more broadly expanded: molar series longer and heavier. The skull of type measures: palatal length, 15.5; interorbital breadth, 14; length of upper molar series, 7. Specimens ecamined.—One; from type locality. General notes.—The soft thick pelage of this species indicates that it is a resident of a comparatively cool and probably humid climate. The measurements of the apparently slightly over-stuffed type show that it is about the same size as S. alfart. It may be at once distin- guished from S. tsthmius, S. alfart, and 8. similis by the rather pale, al- most grayish, olivaceous color of upperparts, which entirely lack the warm reddish brown suffusion characteristic, in varying degree, of the three species named. VOL. XVI, PP. 123-124 SEPTEMBER 30, 1903 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON A NEW HOGNOSE SNAKE FROM FLORIDA. BY LEONHARD STEJNEGER. [By permission of the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution.] Mr. E. J. Brown collected in 1901, near Lemon City, two hognose snakes lacking the azygos shield between the inter- nasals. Fearing that they might be freaks only, I waited until the receipt of a young specimen in all essential features like the others. I propose to name this new form after its discoverer: Heterodon browni, new species. Diagnosis.—Maxillary teeth, 8+ 2; no azygos shield between inter- nasals or prefrontals; rostral narrower than distance between eyes; scale rows, 25; ventrals, 114-127; anal divided; subcaudals, 47-53 pairs. Habitat.—Southern Florida. Type.—Immature female, No. 32,089 United States National Museum; — Lemon City, Florida; E. J. Brown, collector. Description.—Aduilt male: U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 31,926; Lemon City, Florida; E. J. Brown, collector. Rostra] slightly recurved, the under- side much wider than high, the upper portion about equalling its distance from frontal, the posterior projection less than half the suture between the internasals; rostral keel sharp; internasals broadly in contact, with no azygos shield between them, their mutual suture longer than that be- tween the prefrontals; prefrontals undivided, large, in contact with each other, with frontal, supraoculars, upper preorbital, loreal and posterior nasals; frontal one and one-half times as long as broad, as long as pari- etals; nostril in suture between two nasals, opening backwards, the pos- 33--PROC, BIOL. SoC, WASH. VOL. XVI, 1903. (123) 124 Stejneger—A New Hognose Snake from Florida. terior nasal being hollowed out as is also the loreal though to a less ex- tent, the two nasals and the loreal subequal in size; eye large, its hori- zontal diameter as long as its distance from anterior nasal, the vertical diameter greater than its distance from the edge of the lips; eye sur- rounded by a ring of 10 (or 11 on one side) shields including the supra- oculars; temporals 2 + 3; 8 supralabials, sixth and seventh largest; mental very small; 9 lower labials, first pair large, broadly in contact behind mental, first, second and third in contact with chin-shield; only one pair of large chin-shields, in contact behind with four scale-like shields, the outer pair of which, which represent the posterior chin- shields, scarcely more developed than the others; 25 rows of scales around the middle of the body, 19 rows a head-length anterior to the vent, outer row smooth, the next very feebly carinated, the keeles in- creasing in distinctness towards the back; 114 ventrals; anal divided; 52 pairs of subcaudals. Color above sepia brown darker on the median line becoming paler on the sides, the back with 15 whitish cross-bands which widen on the sides where they enclose a roundish brownish-black spot; tail with nine whitish cross-bands without lateral spots; head with a brownish-black band across the prefrontals, with an anterior projection on the suture between the internasals, this prefrontal band extending obliquely backwards through the eyes to the angle of the mouth; a simi- lar band running parallel with it from the parietals to the sides of the neck joining a large oblong blackish patch on each side of the neck; be- tween these, on the nape, an elongate median blackish spot; a brownish black symmetrical figure of irregular outline on fronto-supraocular- parietal suture; a pale irregular band spotted with dusky across middle of frontal and supraoculars; underside clouded with brownish gray, leaving the middle of the ventrals more or less uniform pale. Dimensions.—Total length, 398 mm.; tail, 88 mm. The young specimen (U.S. N. M. No. 32,089), apart from slight devia- tions in the scale formula, which may be seen in the subjoined table, agrees completely with the two large specimens. Its ground color is less brownish, inclining as it does to purplish gray, and there is an additional lateral row of irregular blackish spots below the ocelli of the dorso- lateral cross-bands. Scale formula. U. S.| Sex bt alta 2 | 4 2) |eleia| & 3 N. M.| and Locality. ole g gia | é 3| 2° | S No. | age. ae a Ey © = 30925 | ¢ ad.| Lemon City, Fla. | 25} 117 | 2 |53) 8 | 10 2+ 3 30926| ¢ ad.| Lemon City, Fla. | 25] 114 | 2 |52| 8 | 10 (11) |2+ 3 32089 | 9 juv.} Lemon City, Fla. | 25 | 127 | 2 |} 47) 8 | 10 (11) |8+ 8 (4) VOL. XVI, PP. 125-128 SEPTEMBER 30, 1903 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON GENERAL NOTES. Earliest name for the American Crow. Corvus americanus, in general use for the American Crow, dates from Audubon, 1834 (Orn. Biogr., II, p. 317), but C. L. Brehm fully described and named the species in 1822 (Beitrige zur Vogelkunde, II, 1822, p. 56), as Corvus brachyrhynchos. As there can be no question about the appli- cability of Brehm’s name, it will become necessary to adopt it for the Common Crow. One subspecies will be affected by this change, viz: Corvus brachyrhynchos pascuus (Coues).—Charles W. Richmond. Relationships of the Madagascar genus Hypositta Newton.* The genus Hypositta has by common practice been placed in the family Sittide, but possesses so many pronounced and unique structural char- acters that I believe it to be entitled to rank as a distinct family, which may be characterized (in part) as follows: HyrposittTip2, new family. Small ten-primaried acutiplantar Oscines, related to Sittide, but with maxilla uncinate at tip, its tomia distinctly notched subterminally; hallux (without claw) nearly as long as middle toe (without claw); outer toe very nearly as long as middle toe, and united to the latter for the whole of its basal and half its subbasal phalanges; inner toe only about half as long as outer; acrotarsium booted; tail three-fourths as long as wing.—Robert Ridgway. *By permission of the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution. 34—PRoc. BroL. Soc. WasH. VOL. XVI, 1903. (125) 126 General Notes. Note on Sciurus mollipilosus Audubon and Bachman. In a recent note entitled ‘The proper name of the Redwood Chickaree’, published in these Proceedings (Vol. XVI, pp. 99, 100, June 25, 1903), Mr. Bangs objects to my identification of Sciurus mollipilosus Aud. and Bach. with his later described Sciurus hudsonicus orarius, which he now says ‘‘should be known as Sciurus (Tamiasciurus) douglast orarius (Bangs).’’ His objection seems to be mainly that when the original authors of the name said: ‘‘This species was secured in Upper California, near the Pacific Ocean,’’ and, ‘‘Our specimens were obtained in the northern part of California, near the Pacific Ocean,’’ they did not really mean California at all but, ‘‘merely northwest coast of America, and is analogous to ‘that part of California that adjoins Mexico’ of the same authors.’’ As to this ‘analogous’ expression, it originated with Bennett in 1833 (P. Z. S., 1833, p. 39), and, correctly quoted is: ‘‘that part of Cali- fornia which adjoins to Mexico,’’ and is not in any sense Audubon and Bachman’s. As ‘‘the northern part of California, near the Pacific Ocean’’ was at the time Audubon and Bachman wrote an unsettled wilderness belonging to Mexico, they could hardly have more definitely indicated the home of the Redwood Chickaree than by the phraseology they employed. The coloration, as indicated by their figure, can be given little weight, when we recall the extravagant and unnatural tints that disfigure so large a part of their illustrations in the work to which reference is made, but the mention of white-tipped hairs in the tail, and lower parts ‘‘lightly tinged in some places with rufous’’ will apply very well to winter speci- mens I have seen of Mr. Bangs’s orarius,—far better than to any other known form of the subgenus Tamiasciurus. Mr. Bangs says that the only ground I gave ‘‘for using the name [mollipilosus| to supplant my [his] S. orarius’’ was the supposed origin of the specimens. Asa matter of fact, the case seemed so clear to me that no argument or discussion of the matter appeared necessary. Nor is my opinion changed by Mr. Bangs’s presentation of the case. It will be noticed that Mr. Bangs now considers that 8. mollipilosus belongs to the hudsonicus group and not to the dowglasti group, and is of the opinion that it should be referred to either S. hk. vancouverensis or S. h. streatori, both from British Columbia. Baird, however, in 1857, said: ‘I have no doubt that the Sciurus molliptiosus of Audubon and Bachman is the same animal in the cinereous pelage ascribed to the above species [S. douglasti] * * * From the remark that the cinere- ous of the underparts is in some places lightly tinged with rufous, I infer that the specimen described of S. mollipilosus was in a transition state between the summer and winter pelage’’ (Mamm. N. Amer., 1857, p. 277). Mr. Bangs is, therefore, the first to question the correctness of the al- leged locality.—J, A. Allen. General Notes. 127 The Nodding Pogonia in the vicinity of Washington. In August, 1903, while examining the woodland near the alluvial bot- toms on the north side of Plummer’s Island, I came unexpectedly upon several clumps of the Nodding Pogonia, Triphora trianthophora (Sw.) Rydberg. This orchid is credited with a range extending from Vermont to Florida, and westward to Wisconsin and Kansas, but it is everywhere rare and local except in certain portions of the Alleghenies. Certainly its discovery at this point furnishes another important addition to the flora of Washington and vicinity. Plummer’s Island, in the Potomac, is located about nine miles from Washington, and belongs geographically to Montgomery County, Maryland. The central portion is high, rocky, and well timbered, the soil being a fine leaf mold. The basal portions, on the other hand, are level and often flooded when the river is at its higher stages. This orchid has heen very generally placed in Pogonia by modern authorities. In Britton’s Manual, however, the genus 77iphora, which Nuttall established ‘for it, is restored. In the field the plant is certainly conspicuously different in appearance from other Pogonias. This is dus mainly to the axillary inflorescence. The only other character of im- portance on which 7riphora is based is the absence of a crest on the lip of the corolla.— Charles L. Pollard, A new Violet from Kentucky. ViIoLA PRICEANA n. sp.—Acaulescent, erect, about 1.3dm. high, from an oblique rootstock; leaves succulent, glabrous, rather dark green, cordate- ovate in outline, somewhat cucullate, the apex abtuse, the margin regu- larly crenate; scapes equalling or surpassing the foliage; flowers very large (3 cm. broad) pale lilac, shaded with purple near the base of the petals and conspicuously purple-veined; lateral petals copiously bearded with white hairs; petals broadly oblong or nearly orbicular, the keel petal narrower and deeply channeled, the spur large and blunt; cleis- togamous flowers on horizontal or slightly ascending peduncles. In rich soil, various stations around Bowling Green, Kentucky. The description is drawn from a clump of plants in my garden, sent to me in May, 1901, by Miss Sadie F. Price; these flowered rather sparsely in April, 1902, but more freely in 1903, and were conspicuous when in bloom on account of the contrast between the purple margins and pale ground color of the corolla. Miss Price reported it as very constant in its char- acters, and as easily distinguishable from other violets with which it grew. A herbarium specimen taken from these living plants and deposited in the United States National Herbarium, is the type. I take pleasure in naming the species in honor of the lady whose recent decease has de- prived us of a valuable field worker and intelligent collaborator.— Charles L. Pollard, 128 General Notes. Scolecophagus preoccupied. Scolecophagus Swainson, 1831, commonly used for a genus of North American birds, is preoccupied by Scolecophagus Geoffroy, 1795. For the genus of birds kno'wn as Scolecophagus the term Huphagus may be em- ployed. The latter was used by Cassin in 1866 (Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1866, p. 413) for Psarocolius cyanocephalus Wagler. The two spe- cies will thus stand as: Huphagus carolinus (Miller), and Huphagus cyano- cephalus (Wagler).—Charles W. Richmond. On the name Eniconetta, Polysticta Eyton, 1836, as the generic name for Steller’s Duck, has long since been rejected in favor of Hniconetta Gray, 1840, because of an al- leged earlier Polysticte Smith, 1836 (sometimes erroneously quoted **1835’’). It can be said, however, that Eyton’s Polysticta was published in April, 1836 (Catal. Brit. Birds, p. 58), while Smith’s Polysticte ap- peared not earlier than June (Smith consistently quotes it ‘‘June, 1836”’ in his Illustrations of South African Zoology), and possibly even later. Smith did not return from his expedition into the interior of South Africa until the middle of March, 1836, after which he prepared his ‘‘Report of the Expedition for Exploring Central Africa,’’ published at Cape Town. The date cited by Smith may mean that of the completion of his MS. In any event Eyton’s name Polysticta is prior to Polysticte Smith, and should be used for Anas stellert Pallas.—Charles W. Richmond. Yor. XVi, PP. 129-132 5 NOVEMBER 12, IS03 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON A NEW SPECIES OF LARGE IGUANA FROM THE BAHAMA ISLANDS. BY LEONHARD STEJNEGER. {By permission of the Secretary ef the Smithsonian Institution.] Mr. J. H. Riley, of the United States National Museum, while attached to the Bahama Expedition of the Baltimore Geo- graphical Society, during the summer of 1903, collected a good series of a large iguana belonging to the genus Cychwra on Watlings Island. He also secured a fine specimen of Cyclura beolopha Cope on Andros Island, the type locality of this well- defined species. Two specimens collected by Mr. William Palmer in 1900 on the Isle of Pines, which I have regarded as typical of Cyclura cyclura, have furnished material for com- parison, with the result that the Watlings Island specimens are here described as a new species. It will be noted that-a large iguana from Cat Island has been recorded under the name of the Cuban species (Cope, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1887, p. 487), but in view of the close proximity of Cat Island to Watlings, it is probably nearer to the iguana described below, if not actually identical with it, than to the form inhabiting Cuba. The third species peculiar to the Bahamas is Cyclwra carinata from Turk’s Island, the most peculiar of them all. 35—PROC. BIOL. Soc. WASH. VoL. XVI, 1908. (129) $30 Stejneger—A New Species of Large Iguana. Cyclura rileyi, sp. nov. Diagnosis.—Combs on second and third toes; scales on muzzle large; no median protuberances anterior to eyes; verticils on tail feebly devel- oped; a large patch of tubercular scales on side of throat below angle of mouth; a small shield in contact with nasal between supranasal and postnasal; dorsal crest represented by about 75 (‘71-79) enlarged strongly keeled scales. Habitat.—Watlings Island, Bahamas. Type.—United States National Museum, No. 31,969; Watlings Island, Bahamas, July 13, 1903; J. H. Riley, collector. Description.—Adult female; United States National Museum, No. 31,969; Watlings Island; July 13, 1903; J. H. Riley, collector. Rostral wide, much wider than mental, broadly in contact with nasal; nasal very large, larger than any other shield on the head, broadly hexagonal, forming a long suture with its fellow; nostril nearly ovoid, large, near the upper posterior corner of the nasal; nasal in contact with a large elongate supranasal, and two postnasals, the upper one small and squar- ish, the lower larger, both this and the nasal separated from the anterior supralabials by two or three rows of small shields; supranasals broadly in contact on the middle of the snout, each followed by two pairs of pre- frontals, one behind the other, both larger than supranasals, and the posterior pair larger than the anterior; the prefrontals are separated on the median line by a few small and irregular shields; top of head behind prefrontals covered by small irregular polygonal shields, those on outer and anterior portion of supraocular region being smaller, bat otherwise without a clearly recognizable arrangement into supraorbital semi-circles and supraocular disks; all cephali¢e shields and scales smooth or slightly tuberculate; occipital somewhat larger than the adjacent scutes; no dis- tinctly differentiated superciliary shields, only two of the anterior ones adjoining the canthus rostralis being somewhat enlarged and elongated; four small shields on canthus rostralis behind postnasals; shields cover- ing the loreal triangle numerous, flat, elongate, irregularly polygonal and varying in size, anteriorly wedged in between the nasals and the supra- labials, two to three rows separating the latter from the postnasal; a series of enlarged keeled suboculars separated from the supralabials by about seven rows of small elongate hexagonal scales; scales covering the temporal-region irregular in size and shape, some almost granular; a group of larger tubercular shields or scales in front of the upper edge of the tympanum, one being particularly prominent, and a single series of similar ones along the anterior edge of the tympanum; tympanum ovoid, its vertical diameter less than diameter of eye; supralabials low and elongate, six to under the center of the eye; lower labials higher than the supra- labials, but smaller than the malar shields; the three anterior malars in contact with the lower labials, the posterior ones separated from them by one and two rows of elongate polygonal shields but no granules or amall scales; the posterior malars with a blunt tubercle or keel at the Stejneger—A New Species of Large Iguana. 131 lower edge; throat covered with small uniform juxtaposed scales; on each side below the angle of the mouth a patch of larger, more rounded tubercles separated by scales corresponding to the other throat scales; a strong transverse fold across the lower neck joined by numerous longi- tudinal folds on the sides of the neck and a high (about 25 mm.) dewlap on the median line; back covered with small uniform squarish scales in tolerably regular series, 10-12 scales in the long diameter of the tym- panum; a curved nuchal crest consisting of about 20 spines, the longest about 25 mm. high and slightly falcate; a series of 79 enlarged, elongate, keeled scales forming a slight crest on the median line of the back; scales on underside similar to those on back, those on upper side of arm, especially forearm, somewhat larger, those on hind legs even more so (about 6 in the long diameter of the ear) and with indication of keels; a single series of about 20 femoral pores; inner side of second toe with one ‘‘comb,’’ of third toe with two ‘‘combs,’’ each consisting of three lobes; tail compressed, covered with obliquely keeled scales in vertical rows forming but faintly indicated verticils, about five rows of the larger scales to a verticil where such can be made out; tail surmounted by a series of enlarged, pointed, triangular scales forming a strongly serrated edge. Color, which according to Mr. Riley has not changed materially in the preserving fiuid, dull ‘‘smoke gray,’’ on the upper surface irregularly and obscurely marked with variously anastomosing blotches and mar- blings of ‘‘tawny-olive.’’ . Dimensions.—Total length (tail regenerated), 597 mm.; tip of snout to vent, 272; tip of snout to orbit, 24; tip of snout to ear, 51; width of head, 35; fore limb, 106; hind limb, 161; vertical diameter of tympanum, 9. In No. 31,966 which has the tail complete the dimensions are as fol- lows: Total length, 558 mm.; tip of snout to vent, 208; vent to tip of tail, 350. The tail is consequently more than 1} times the length of head and body. Variation.—The individual variation displayed by the seven specimens collected is surprisingly small. The scutellation is essentially as in the type specimen described above, with here and there an additional small shield intercalated where two sutures meet, the only greater devi- ation being that of No. 31,970 in which the anterior prefrontals are devided transversely. The anterior superciliaries are also better defined in some of the specimens than in the one described, and the arrange- ment of the supraorbital ridge is also occasionally better defined. The number of enlarged keeled scales forming the dorsal crest, or rather ridge, varies between 71 and 79, one each having these numbers, one each having 73, 76 and 77 and two 75 scales. The color is also fairly uniform throughout the series. Remarks.—This new species, though probably nearest related to the Cuban C. cyclura, shows certain leanings towards C. cornuta in the small- ness of the scales covering arms and legs and the undeveloped condition of the caudal verticils, The similarity to the other Bahaman species is 182 Stejneger—A New Species of Large Iguana. not remarkably close, and altogether the new form may be easily identi- fied by the characters pointed out in the diagnosis. Field notes by Mr. Riley.—This species is very common on two small keys in the large salt-water lake on Watlings Island, but is very rarely found on the main part of the island, probably caused by the large num- ber of cats that are said to be running wild. The iguanas must have reached the keys by swimming. The large key is locally known as Iguana Cay. It is several hundred yards long and fifteen or twenty broad. Mangroves grow around the shore, but the center is covered with a large cactus tree. The key, of course, is nothing but coral rock. The ground under the cactus is bare and here most of the iguanas are found. They have a habit of running very swiftly and then suddenly stopping, unless very much frightened when they go into holes in the rock, with which their domain is abundantly supplied. They have a lumbering gait that carries them over the ground very rapidly. They also climb trees to some extent, and one of those shot was about five feet up ina mangrove. Twoof the females opened were heavy with eggs, one of them containing five, about the size of turtle eggs. Wor. XVI, PP. 133-144 NOVEMBER [2, 1903 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON ON SPECIES OF SOUTH AMERICAN DELPHINIDA DESCRIBED BY DR R. A. PHILIPPI IN 1893 AND 1896. BY FREDERICK W. TRUE. In 1893 Dr. R. A. Philippi, Director of the National Museum of Chili, described several new species of porpoises and com- mented on various South American forms previously known. In 1896 he supplemented this by a second paper on the same subject. * These two papers constitute a valuable contribution to the knowledge of the Delphinide of South American seas, but, on account of lack of access to recent literature, or for some other reason, many of the different forms are assigned to genera to | which they can at present hardly be considered to belong. As I have given the family Delphinide considerable study and have examined the types of the majority of the species described by Gray and other cetologists, I venture to express below my opinions as to the probable affinities and correct scientific names of the various forms described or mentioned by Dr. Philippi. *Philippi, R. A., Los Delfinos de la Punta Austral de la América del Sur. Sth Ss Cee ye ee re TAR, ee ee € Doth ad 0 eA ethes ow |. a bl Diced bo Bd wets 0. 6 et A 2 A a a eee lis OE 2 wid Ree 184 The Biological Society of Washington. Particntin itekee: EE Gee ee aan 6 TIONS OL ee ohn Sees See g e 6 Corbiculina .........- ORS a COSTA UR ro ace eek ae aaa ce Z Cormega Sia eisgerataehag Reet M 7 GOLRCOCGVOIAS = oo ast ak ea ee! GOTNOOMA Sig core Raa ae ee Sha ee 7 Corvus americanus <6. ee 125 brachyrynchos © 3.06000... 128 WASCUTIB Sco sccs om ease ch 125 Coville, F. V. Wocas (Nymphea poly- sepala), an aboriginal cereal. . . . ix Exhibition of a monstrous spec- : imenofGrape Hyacinth ..... ix Location of the Desert Botan- ical Laboratory of the Carnegie In- BUGULON Sons OS taco eles ates eas ix Crategus caliciglabra ........ 96 COCCIIOS fora cc hee Bele eae 96 decipiens. 22 6° srs ess ee 95 eglandulosa ... 0. 6 sh 97 TOAGTACANtHA 6 eo ks 94 PUNOUBEA ye iirerie re ape eres 95 PYPMOMM 5 tie ek ere kas 95 BOUTON we ak. 5s ui taht Ss Gedeew al t's 97 sylvestris. ......... OG SUD VITORE RAS ee caliotn poten s 94 COMEOMGOBB Hs Baio sc oe ot eae ew od 94 Cryptanthe dicarpa.......... 30 Currie, R. P. A recent entomological expedition to British Columbia .. x CVBROCHANS 25 oo ein per 6 Fei be ey tate 55 WOM eee aitsy Mae Np Bad oy ear are He 56 CV ANOCT CIOS 251i 5.5 ciel ite t ache )etiee. Foye 6 Cyanolyca mirabilis .... ... .154 NOVO ia edo ear toe igi es 7 OCI EIGUR oie iss cs Becher is ee fe 7 ROVER eR rrators tak ance ave ue Ud egy 7 Cycles eee UF ce CO ie eae Cer 7 ROMEO 21g 8 ia ee CsA aut & canadien 7 ide an beeolopha SSE oi RAH aE eR 129 CAL Ne ce ao Ree bed ah aes 129 POUR tg ar ety, nah aires ah sie 129 PTR a eis sl Gs Ok ae aE 1380 ASEM OCY CNRS aos ia seagrass ane 7 Ue ON 1 SERS Se sobre Urea giran teas 6 oP SIO oS Se erin ig eae Ws 8 UOT eee an se oie? even ae teas 6 BOULAMSUUAIIS es ses sates 5 SIGS ICOINS i566 a Gael 6 OTEK UR a Bip ask Sas ce ae 6 RIPOSTIST EGE 705 esse Chics eet ta 5 STItEETBOCS os eer et eal 5 PEP ai rst aoe eck ae ecw 6 WGI! eive val BL ee cee 5 MIIOR SA Aro. nee eo be te he ees a 5 tellimeu ees ee BeOS 6 VOVIBGIOR Scr els wee gk 6 RS YPOM GS ELI 585, og tay tartdding og 7 CPTNIND oe alos ee Hie ae ee 5 CVTCROCR IIE rs aS eee wea a eatte 6 Coremesemax iw a 6 TOTMNIOMRIIN 565s see hs 2 6 D Dactylortyx sharpei ......... 152 D . On the existence of a dorsal keel toward the tail in por- DOIBCR So 55S eS eS ey Review of the classification of the Cyrenacea . ww. i ee age Coed of new species of shells from the Santa Barbara Channel, California. ..... 171-176 Delphinus amphitriteus........ 134 COTINCO-BINUS |. 8. ew ea 134 CHISOTIR eR a Ee 141 CPUGIRE ee eh ae 138 SUPSTCIHOBUB hs oss SS eas 134 PHOGUE Sica Ss oh asta ah ae eS 6 Diplochelidon ............ 106 DELP OORGR 3o S eae 5 DOT OOM a ee ek gree 5 DIACO PERENIS oo eS ee eee eo ee 59 Drosera brevitolian Sse eek 102 Dutcher, B. H. Mammals of Mt. Ka- tanGin, Maing oy) oa ix Duvel, J. W. T. Vitality of seeds ix E D4: F Sacer See Ste alae Me tay eee 6 BO 2) 2, HOSS eh RO sSae Hi epee Sata fiat eas gn 6 Egetaria pullastra. . ......... 6 EMGODAGCHYS Pu eee eee Nwrporeriber |: FBIGONC HR se aia Yn geal pres ks ey 128 Erethizon dorsatus .......... 69 Etheostoma lepidum ,........ 49 Euderma maculatum ... .....165 MOG IORR eo eo ee a Sar ae 7 Bugle = ee eee es oe 7 HAUPOLG: i, ie aca we see a ene nena Tea rs ee 7 Euphagus carolinus.......... 128 cyanocephaltia: os oS aS 128 Eutamias canicaudus......... 77 Eutainia brachystoma......... 83 GESCRIME fo ek i ak a eas ee 85 Hutropin dickit es a eee 141 Evans, W. H. The International Cat- alogue of Scientific Literature . . viii Exhibition of a circular of in- structions for destruction of mos- CUTER ae es a ean ei ae Evermann, B. W. The Florida weve, viii Evotomys gapperi....... 68 F Felis browni ...... ANE Re ee Beet 73 Fiber siete 5/253" ee eee 68 Wischeria delesserti .......... 6 WGI RI a ee te her cages 7 PORRGIUNE | oi eee ss Be Se ae Fuertes, L. A. Exhibition of color drawing Of DING6 ose ce es xi G COIGIOR lo Se EE BE ee 6 GelnteGte ie ee ee a ae ee 6 CO 6s os es ee ware 7 Geloine oA eR eR iad eres - Geothlypis chapalensis ...... 156 Geotrygon mystacea ......... 13 — FUDIdE se eee 151 ee eee ae ee ae 13 Gilbert, G. K. Exhibition of photo- graphs of Pinus balfouriana . . Gill, T. N. A new name (Hoplias) for the genus Macrodon of Miller . Globiocephala chilensis........ 143 Globiocephalus chilensis ...... 140 — SiQhiGODE 4 eae Bees . 140 Gulo lnseus 6 eS a ee 69 H a guar odontopetala. .... . «en mmsbortit: 6515. ee ee ee "ie Hallock, Chas. Sea trout where no ~ TIVOIS O26 26 oe eas oa * Index. Hallock, Chas. The bison as a factor in the distribution of aboriginal popu- lation in mid-continental America. xi Hatcher, J.B. Anew Sauropod Dino- saur from the Jurassic of Colorado 1-2 A new name for the Dinosaur Haplocanthus Hatcher. ...... 100 Hanlocanthus 055) 6604 «23 1, 100 PPIBCUS: oO. 35 see eae , 100 Haplocanthosaurus ......... Hay, W. P. Terrapin cultureinU.S.. x He foe melsoink 2053 i 50 ictp 111 Hemiura miusica-<6 3302325. fie 159 Henicorhina bangsi ..... Pg! Sg AAS Herlepech so oe ee, Ai koe 168 Castes: 6 so A . 168 festiva (20 es pl pase Sp ig 158 Heterodon browni .......... 123 Hillman,T.H. The effects of the seed- midge and Brucophagus funebris ON GlOVER 6 50S Cee ii ate Ne x Hopkins, A.D. Work of forest insects . vii ee er MERE ee PED ope Ret erg ars et 50 Howard, L. O. Measurement of silk from cocoons of the silk worm .. ix Yellow fever investigationsin _ 1 ES alla She SUS Ya hee Dts vii On the destruction of the Tus- sock Moth by Anthrenus varians .. x Howe, R. H.Jr. Anote on the Florida PRG Hs es sy ere Aree eco 51 Humulus neomexicanus .. .... 45 PEVIODHHUS 3o2 555 (oer ates eee 101 PAY DORI 6S hs ere ee ak 125 Mrposittide.. 6.6 eee 125 I Ischnochiton biarcuatus ....... 176 Isoderma cyprinoides. ........ 6 J Jenkins, O. P. | Rate of nervous im- pulse in certain invertebrates .. . vii K Kearney, T. H. On the effect upon seedlin has sodium and magne- SUC BRIUN 6 oo oe kes viii Kendall, W. ©. ‘The fishes of the: Rangeley po aria et eee eae ix L Lagenorhynchus cruciger....... 143 posidonia ......... os 5 148 i superciliosus .......... 143 = Lamprochelidon ........... 106 mo Lanius mearnsii. ........... 108 BePLCBENeS ee ee 6 BOOsIphon:.... . 6. a Se Ste tae. Lepus parnassius........... 145 VITGIMIANUS: 26. eee 69 | _ SR ee Co ee ee ree 7 ' Lissodelphis peronii.......... 143 mmoxoptychodon .. 0... acs Lucas, F.A. On the quarries of Solen- hofen Bavaria and on Iguanas of the GalapagosIslands....... viii The makingofa whale .... x _Lunatiadraconis........... 174 Lutra canadensis ........... 69 meres Wion- . 3 a SS 70 Lynx canadensis ......... — ve 185 M PGSTOGOR 5:76 8 og ere et ay 50 Macromphalina californica ..... 175 Maneilia fancherse 600. ees 172 Marshal, H. aud Chesnut, V. K. Ob- servations on ‘“locoed ?’ sheep... xi Meek, 8S. E. The geographic distribu- tion of the fresh-water fishes of Mexico Megadesma . 2. 66. vee 8 ew Merriam, C. H. Two new wood-rats (Genus Neotoma) from the State of CoahuHa: Mees oo GIS es 7. Eight new mammals from the United States: aba eee 8 73-78 —— Four new mammals, includ- ing a new genus ( Teanopus) ae ee oe Ser ce 8 O&O at ae a eS DMORICO ae gis eee oe es eS Mertensia celestina ......... 46 Mephitis mephitis........ ere |. Metzgeria californica ......... 171 Microsciurus boquetensis ...... 121 Microtus pennsylvanicus ....... 68 Miller, G. 8. Jr. Eleven new Malayan WWOUBE CEO | oe Sw eb ee el Be —— Technical name of the Indian BVI BO a so he eo ek EM on wie 50 —— A new name for Mus atratus Mier 6s Sees —_— The short-leayed sundew in VER IEIN ee es eoewegs A new Nataline bat from the BGHAMES oooh fos se See 119-120 A new hare from Greece . 145-146 A new squirrel from lower SIAIN sos oh caede> e sete erret « LAE Two new mole Tats . . . 161-164 Asecond specimen of Euderma SACU 5s we 165-166 DIOR GEES eae 8 Sock ase eal ae 5 WiodOntOOGIS: 055.56 ORES Aes aes 5 Wiltra’ dolhOrOse 2y05.o eke se ees ie Mates eee rs De ee Reet Moore, Yt T. The artificial fattening OF GYRtOTS ios SEs SSSI? yee PECK wemmOd. Fa Se es eS 174 DEG GEIACUB oe oo oe aS . 50 evict stim so Sie ess 50 musculus . Biba bet sh pate 67 BMuscicape Taga... 326 Sse a ee 51 TOMB YE oi eee See 51 MEGSCLIMNUM Ses ES See eee «| MUBCU I ras AN ee a Cotes 8 7 Mustela americana ......... . 70 PORTANGE a sea ke ou a Seen - 70 N Napsozapusinsignis ....... 69 Needham, J. G. A new genus and species of dragonfly from Brazil . 55-58 Nelson, A. Psilostrophe, a neglected genus of southwestern plants . . 19-24 Two new plants from New MERIC Sess acs cee Ee 29-30 and Cockrell, T. D. A. Three ae plants from New Mexico , 45-46 Nelson, E. W. A new pigmy squir- rel from Central America . . . 121-122 Descriptions of New Birds from Southern Mexico ....... 51-160 Nelsonia goldmani .......... 80 Neotoma: distincta 3.035533 Se 89 — SE MC RTE ee eee = = Notropis 3 macrostomus BE oa ees 49 Nyctaginia cockerell@ ....... 29, 52 186 O Oberholser, H. C. A new cliff swallow from Texas Weer ee . 15-16 Description of a new Vireo . 17-18 Note on the Generic name Flo pnitus: ER Eee ee a a ee 101 The North American forms of Astragalinus psaltria (Say) . . 113-116 Description of a new Telmato- 7 LT ONE aan tren here EN Pa ore 149-150 Odoecoileus borealis .......... 66 Oreciaystis <0 6S os See 11 PAIL 565 tone aw an ag ee Sa ee 11 RUIN eS sees es. ee zie WO icc se se) ah a ea re eee ern eis 11 WIACWIAIG Fe ee el eet 11 PHONON Os oi eee a 11 MIOWHODS 677 ios co credence il POPMINBE = Us sete wee nk ares 11 COROOMIV AR Sc cea go court ever heteasite 11 Orechelidon is. 0 ee ae 106 Osgood, W. H. Two new spermophiles fri Aingkes 6 552 Goer 25-28 P POC YSILVAS Es ital ns tse sal eee eek 102 pallidipéctus |... 6 A 108 Pekcior. i Ss. On the preservation of Pelican Island as a breeding place ; FOR PMLA 0G ore eer ek Viii Indexing scientific names... x Palmer,Wm. Exhibitionofspecimens _ of Camptosorus rhizophyllus ... . Vii PATRGVARHUS sie So oS? aera ce te 101 SISK DOC ee Re 101 Pence rp Du Bl Nis asa oo Le Cables 7 Peromyscus canadensis ........ 67 Petrochelidon lunifrons ....... 15 Cait oo oe eas 15 MM TEM og i ee tae Sg UE 49 Phocena albiventris ......... 135 lab daa a eat eae a Oe MANMBOR oy 6s be ik 138 ORBIT oF ig Soni su Sa 138 lunata .. Pa ee ee eae 138 OUCURBER AS . 139 A ee gic cas wae eae hie 136 POM 5 ae igi. 137 WEIRD oS oe 143 RTT Sa caret eat eanae te So Oey pees 7 DON rs eg ee es 7 COMIPTORSUE eS is oan ee ee a henslowianum =. .... 2... 7 MAogainianiim st 5 ate 7 WOOT oh ls eg a ee fi MAMAN ei gig 6 ee a ite gl 7 Platygeomys angustirostris .... . 81 FAO eg ge as CROTIAG oa ee ce ele Ee 5 Polemonium aig tala ie get 45 Polioptila bairdi 2... 6. See 110 WOME se ogo as re eee 110 ee a ae ee ee 109 nelsoni Pollard, C. L. The nodding pogonia inthe neighborhood of Washington 127 A new violet from Kentucky . 127 Polymesodon oo 3 2. 6 WOR oe Sc ae 128 RIGUGTE = 5k Go ee 128 EOVIUOCLS oi ee re . 128 EOMIDODR GS 6 Procyon lotor . . . nao (1 odelphinus siaphifiritens eR ee 143 Certiso-elbns 3.36 5 143 Profischeria ey ee a eae The Biological Society of Washington. PROUGSCITORM: Fo 6 2s Gi hs 6 PRUORIORNG So ae els ee eee aes PACHINNG ooo oe 21 COPUIORE Re ee ee 21 COGDOF Res ges ae eee 20 gnaphalodes....... eee annte os Se ee 22 PHANG a a es eee 22 SPRTRORE oe ee ees 23 CARBONE a ke Se as 22 Pteropus assamensis.......... 50 euseeu inion a Leta ORM gh we tee 50 en conernalus Loh Wie bp 50 iti Seamer Deron menrteyt roy tae 50 Baiorine CIOOBMAM oj ae eee cs 70 MOUS ooo es ee Ge 76 R Rarigifer Cbribee Sk oe a 65 Reithrodontomysalbescens. .... . 53 HODTANOORME Ses ae ey 54 Rhectopsammia. = ss. 4 ae es 101 RidGeEGe 3) cect poe te ee ae 19 Richmond. C. W. Earliest name for the American crow ........ 125 On the name Eniconetta . . . . 128 Scolecophagus preoccupied Ree © Ridgway, R. Descriptions of new genera, species and sub-species of American binds 3. 6: os es 105-112 Relationships of the Madagas- car genus Hypositta Newton . . .125 Diagnoses of nine new forms of American birds. ...... 167-170 Riley, J. H. Description of a new uail dove from the West Indies . 13-14 Rivulina 7 Reswellie 2.03.0 ers eee 52 Ss Safford, W.E. The fauna of the Island of Guam AO ie pando Wea rater te viii Salmon, D. E. “The recent outbreak of the foot and mouth disease in New SUMIGIG og ee Se a a viii Salpinctesexsul ...... ease Sa panes ap Pree gies Senet eid 169 NOGUGS 26S eee eee Shull, G. i. Geographic distribution of the Sugary Quillwort (Jsoetes SACChONGIO) ee re ye eS Scala -seswitte 3h 62 ee 175 Schuette, J. H. The hawthorns of northeastern Wisconsin... . . 91-98 Sciuropterus macrotis. ........ 67 Sciurus boquetensis ......... 121 GQOUSIGR 2 oS ke Ce eee 99 Hudsoiiens 05 ss 100, 126 ISUCOEE ee Hae eee ee 147 WWM a eae oe Gee mollipilosus ....... 99, 126 novemlineatus ......... 147 orarius .. ee Sg ig gl to ee ie vancouverensis Pr eae ae CONOCODNBRUR si OU at be eee 128 Seduth Gouginael 6-4, eae ix Sisiia australis 4 ae a ee 159 Sonorella walcottiana. ... . a Sdrek sibiparhis 22 ee ye DORM R a ae 71 Spalax berytensis .......... 162 dolbrogee ..... Rig gto as Spermophilus empetra ......., + 26 SpMMONbriN | oe % TIVO Ss 5 eS ea ee Buea 6 SS eS Ba. Index. Bon TIUN eee ea A eee aes 7 COPUIGHIN 62 2 ss eer eee 7 SONGWIN<* 5G oe ee eee 7 setapaginener Sarg lineolatus ....... : GARONIG ES get 5 ene ca he ee Spillman, W. 5. Agrostological prob- lems in the United States ..... ix Stiles,C. W. The new American hook worm and its medical importance . ix The dwarf tapeworm (Hymen- olepis nana) in the United States. . x Stejneger, L. Description of a new species of gecko from Cocos Island 3-4 A new name for the Hawaiian bird genus Oreomyza ...... 11-12 —— A new hognose snake from PURI is Go sees fe 123-124 A new species of large Iguana from the Bahama Islands . . . 129-132 Stelgidopteryx salvini ........ 107 Synaptomys cooperi 6... a 68 SPHASIICOIG yo Scie her . 68 Syrnium jucidum........... 152 3 Tamias leucotis ONES! foe 6G Re EL 147 JYSRETR a ee Seiten bok ee lene) wine 67 Tamiasciurus douglasi ........ 99 a emnerss Nicer oign pkgs Bao OS Wak et tae Bete a ®olansone oie bd Loo Eee eee oh ae eee 181 COUPRCTE ss" 0 see bo oe 8 180 POCOMER KS io ie izes ives 179 ehehiane so ais a-Si a 255 capes 180 ORETOMM i Sree A ek oe ee Ee 179 hegaitia 66a ea eee 179 WR eenet 25 er i Hees oo 178 PYUMOSE a Ss as 177 PICHON ooo ae BE RES 181 WING oe Cet mei eae teneine 178 Breilinis gmanien. ck os ee a ly 7 COPREGAS Gs ik be Sale ete ees 7 PARDO et ee ree Sele TREUR UE a Ba eta eae 7 Lala SA ST te eee: Bra ae 7 rs pit em ny Se tere eee SS ORE 7 ‘wellinocycias .: . 2.6% Pe Ne a meimatonytes PTET Rea inde ee rata, ss 110 PORTING A ie ee ges 150 PRINS io cate kes 150 thrvonhkiine =: 65 ee es 149 Tetragonopterus argentatus pee wee 49 Thryophilus pullus .......... 167 PRV IS SSE as eck Somos 167 PUSBCUS Fe are Se 157 Tragulus flavicollis .......... 33 NOCHE F53 S ee a 35 formosus: 2... hes 34 lampensis ..... Be ore pa 42 SMICMVONEB ES 0 5 nas es nee 41 WNiEOSRGENS SS SS 42 SepG tit S52 572s Sa SS SS NE 38 pelandoc EASES aig eon eee 37 PMV INNS 68 Ss ee 41 WIIG oe ee ey ea 40 riterbeotn Fp a OA aor ee = Vv Rear PUP o ee tes sae 3 Trigona . peers ery Se el Triphora trianthophora ........ 127 Troglodytes nitidus .. . 5 i... pre fo Tremidecyelas i. ssc ye eS stg 7 True, Rk. H. The manufacture of teain yee sie (t Geeta Re hy is Pa eee a eras 34 True, F.W. Attitudes and movements of living whales.) oe ss viii The species of South American Delphinide described by Dr. R. A. Phili pi in 1893 and 1896 . 183-144 Tursid albiventris:. 9.6.6 St 135 WANODG cess 6 ee 8 ee ia at Te 141 PIAL YOTNINOS 3 esa os 142 U Uroeyon borealig¢: (3: ie i ae 74 CERIO 5 oe fe ee are, ee Se 74 CROTONEI 25 See a os 75 cee ye Soe ha, as RR ee 75 TAOS AMEPICONUB: 2683S eo ke ees 70 Vv Van Deman, H.E. Exhibition of spec- imens of ‘Grimes Golden” apples. xi Vaughan, T. W. Corrections to the nomenclature of the Eocene fossil gorals of the Ui 8. eres 01 MOMMIES CSO STG Bessa brs cee tects 6 WOT OG 2s Se i eee oe 8 6 Venus istandican) «306 Wi ieee ee 8 DAPGGORE 65 oci 28 i ee ee 6 Vespertilio gigantea. .....:... 50 VEONIOR 5 alg eas ee eT 6 CI DTINONGOR soe a rs 6 VIGIG PICONMR o-oo es Bo TR PRS 127 VISCO SPURNS 8 ois a sa os 5 HL 108 DOH. i opie a ee er at ea 17 COMNRTES 36 Eee 107 MOUS oo) 0 SS eS SRS 17 Mmexicanus ...... Pepin | if) Vireolanius peidiaanst Pe Sige Gees 155 WIS. 9 EN 108 Vireosylva brewsteri......... 107 Cestericensis:;. .. 635 nds S35 107 Wee Rese 8 ee ec 69 WwW Ward, L. F. The Dresden Cycad (Cy- cadoidea reichenbachiana)...... Note on the hypothetical species of teietrae described by Ehren- ; eo de ee ee SEE Baal op ea x Webber H.J. Egyptian cotton in U. Bud-sports and bud variation in DeOCR ES iss Se rer ae * X Xanthium commune ......... 9 WOSCONE Fi 35 t e see 9 Xiphocolaptes omiltemensis Saree Z Zapus hndsonius =... 22. see ts OF THE Biological Society of Washington VOLUME XVII 1904 235308 WASHINGTON PRINTED FOR THE SOCIETY 1905 COMMITTEE ON PUBLICATIONS a WILLIAM P. HAY, Charen 3 GERRIT S. MILLER, Jr. DAVID WHITE 2 % + ? ; j +y Bro 5 ipPiides f cur : Ne ie : : ‘ a é = CONTENTS Officers and commitioes 40% 1904. eee ei a ee ee Vv PROOCCAIN EG re ofS Sires eae a, ew ve lelet Wf age vii-xi Synopsis of the Genera, Subgenera and Sections of the Family Pyramidellidee, by William Healey Dall and Paul Bartsch .. .1-16 A New Lizard from the Rio Grande Valley, Texas, by Leonhard Stejneger . 17-20 A Revision of the North American Mainland Species of Myiarchus, -by E. W. Nelson . 21-50 A Maw Batrachian from Sarawak, Borneo, by Thomas Barbour - 61-52 Haplomylomys, a New Subgenus of Peromyscus, by Wilfred H. Os- OM Fe ge te, od 53-54 Thirty New Mice of the Genus Peromyscus from Mexico and Guate- mals, by Wilfred | H. Osegod™.. oc 55-78 Descriptions of Five New Mammals from Mexico, by E. A.Goldman 79-82 The Vegetative Vigor of Hybrids and Mutations, by O. F. Cook. 83-90 New Plants from Nevada, by Aven Nelson... ......... 91-98 A Decade of New Plant Names, by Aven Nelson ........ 99-100 RPRNRREEP ORL INCI cco rk rt ea eg eee as Ra eae Get Clie ath yur 101-102 Sonorella wolcottiana—a correction, by Paul Bartsch, 101; The species of Geum occurring near Washington, by Gerrit 8. Mil- ler, Jr., 101; Spelerpes porphyriticus in New Hampshire, by Reginald Heber Howe, Jr., 102; Nannorchilus, new name for Hemiura, preoccupied, by Robert Ridgway, 102; A preoccu- pied crab name, by Mary J. Rathbun, 102. Descriptions of Seven New Rabbits from Mexico, by E. W. Nelson 103-110 Notes on Tetranevris linearifolia, by T. D. A. Cockerell . 2... 111-112 Two New Subspecies of Tropical American Tyrant Birds, by Out- oe 1 aie ae RR aise ph ET ie Bear) OT ca ee ana SRN ae a Sr ONE 113-114 Additions to the Orchid Flora of Florida, by Oakes Ames . . . . 115-118 Three New Orchid Species, by Oakes Ames. . . . - 119-120 Description of a New Species of Blind Eel, of the Genus Anguilla, Meese I AMER. ee oN ea Cate hy eee 2 121-122 Four New Grasshopper Mice, Genus Onychomys, by C. Hart Mer- NER RESET a4 Sen TN aia ao) ean ig ea eae Gated Wag? Yee aR ES oi 1238-126 Two New Pocket Mice of the bests “Perognathus, by Wilfred H. MUMMERS oe er eat eet te ph Sea Le ene ai awh tobe ee 127-128 Two New Squirrels of the Aberti Group, by C. Hart Merriam. . 129-130 Jack Rabbits of the Lepus campestris Group, by C. Hart Merriam . 131-134 Unrecognized Jack Rabbits of the Lepus texianus Group, by OC. Hart BURMA eC hr TEE Goole Non eek RY ey eo 135-138 New and Little Known Kangaroo Rats of the Genus Perodipus, eS AMIE WEEPING ooo go oe se ye ee tie Oe aw Re 139-146 Descriptions of New Squirrels from Mexico, by E. W. Nelson. . 147-150 Descriptions of Four New Birds from Mexico, by E. W. Nelson . . 151-152 Four New Bears from North America, by C. Hart Merriam . _ . 153-156 A New Coyote from Southern Mexico, by C. Hart Merriam . . . 157-158 Z A New Sea Otter from Southern California, by C. Hart Merriam . 159-160 5 (iii) iv Contents. Descriptions of Three New Species of American Crabs, by Mary J. PROT aTE a ae ee e Oe e an eale e e 161-162 A New Cottoid Fish from Behring Sea, by Hugh M.Smith .. 163-164 General Notes 27.86 . . . 165-168 Gyrostachys simplex in Virginia, by Wm. Palmer, 165; Zosteroy 8 fluvissima McGregor, preoccupied, by R. C. McGregor, 165; A correction of Barrows’ record of Coccyzus pumilus from Con- cepcion del Uruguay, by Outram Bangs, 165; On a supposed continental specimen of Solenodon, by Outram Bangs, 166; On the habits of Cambarus uhleri Faxon, by W. P. Hay, 167; A new bob-white from the United States, by Reginald Heber Howe, Jr., 168. Some Changes i in Crustacean Nomenclature, BY niall J. Rathbun . 169-172 Plantae Andrewseae, by Aven Nelson .. .......... 173-180 FIGURES IN TEXT. P. 24.—Outer tail feathers of American mainland Myiarchus. P. 53.—Upper molars of Peromyscus felipensis and P. (Haplomylomys) californicus. P. 122.—Comparison of type of Anguilla ceca Smith with specimen of A. chrisypa Raf. P. 164.— Thecopterus aleuticus Smith, new genus and species. ERRATUM. Page mA 1 (in head), instead of Vol. XVII, p. 55-77, read Vol. X VII, pp. 55-78. : OFFICERS AND COUNCIL OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON For 1904 (ELECTED DECEMBER 26, 1903) OFFICERS President B. W. EVERMANN Vice- Presidents WM. H. ASHMEAD T. S. PALMER F. H. KNOWLTON WILLIAM P. HAY Recording Secretary WILFRED H. OSGOOD Corresponding Secretary MARCUS W. LYON, Jr. Treasurer DAVID WHITE COUNCIL WILLIAM H. DALL* A. D. HOPKINS THEODORE GILL* _ GEORGE M. STERNBERG* L. O. HOWARD* H. J. WEBBER FREDERICK V. COVILLE* M. B. WAITE A. F. WOODS LESTER F. WARD* F. A. LUCAS* CHARLES A. WHITE* C. HART MERRIAM* J. N. ROSE STANDING COMMITTEES—1904 Committee on Communications VERNON Battey, Chairman A. F. Woops A. B. BAKER A. D. Hopkins Marcus W. Lyon, Jr. Committee on Publications: Wiuiiam P. Hay, Chairman Gerrit S. MILER, Jr. Davip Wuirts *Ex-Presidents of the Society. (v) VoL. XVII, PP. Vil-XiI January 20, 1905 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON PROCEEDINGS. The Society meets in the Assembly Hall of the Cosmos Club on alternate Saturdays at 8 p.m. Brief notices of the meetings, with abstracts of the papers, are published in Science. January 9, 1904—380th Meeting. The President in the chair and 57 persons present. F. A. Lucas noted the occurrence of Mustela pennanti as a fossil in Pennsylvania. B. W. Evermann exhibited a collection of labels used by the canners of the Pacific coast for labeling canned salmon. The following communications were presented : F. V. Coville: Desert Plants as a Source of Drinking Water.* V. K. Chesnut: Death Gulch of the Yellowstone Park. O. F. Cook: An Exogenous Palm from Guatemala. January 23, 1904—381st Meeting. The President in the chair and 36 persons present. The following communications were presented : E. W. Nelson: A Winter Trip in Mexico.T B. W. Evermann and W. C. Kendall: An Interesting Fish from the High Mountains of Central Ecuador. * Ann. Rept. Smithsonian Inst. for 1903, pp. 499-505, figs. 1-4, pls. I-11, bo + Nat. Geog. Mag., XV, p. 341, Sept., 1904. (vii) vill The Biological Society of Washington. February 6, 1904—382nd Meeting. The President in the chair and 105 persons present. The following communications were presented : Ernest T. Seton: A Study of the Pocket Gophers, the Fertil- izers of the West.* Ernest T. Seton: Scars on the Quaking Aspen. March 5, 1904—383rd Meeting. The President in the chair and 85 persons present. The following communications were presented : A. K. Fisher: The Birds of Laysan Island.t J. N. Rose: Revision of the North American Crassulaceae. { March 19, 1904—384th Meeting. The President in the chair and 45 persons present. C. E. Waters exhibited series of common ferns showing gra- dations from sterile to fertile fronds. The following communications were presented : B. W. Evermann : A Series of Colored Drawings of Hawaiian Fishes.§ W.P. Hay: The Life History and Economic Importance of the Blue Crab.§ Walter H. Evans: An Evident Case of Parthenogenesis in Begonia. O. F. Cook : Natural Selection in Kinetic Evolution. April 2, 1904—385th Meeting. The President in the chair and 46 persons present. F. A. Lucas exhibited lantern slides showing photographs of living animals taken by flashlight. The following communications were presented : H. W. Oldys: The Use of Our Musical Scale by Birds. oe WE. H. Osgood : The Caribou of { Alaska. * Century Magazine, LXVIII, pp. 300-307, aa 1904. +See W. K. Fisher, Bull. U. 8. Fish Comm. for 1903, pp. 1-39, pls. I-X. 3 {See Britton and Rose, Bull. N. Y. Bot. Garden, III, No. 9, Nov. 11, 1903, and Smith- ; sonian Misc. Coll. (Quart. Issue), XLVII, pt. 2, pp. 159-162, pl. XX, 1904. : 4To be published by U. S. Bureau of Fisheries. Proceedings. 1x M. W. Lyon, pte Classification of the Hares, Rabbits and Pikas.* M. C. Marsh: The Gas Disease in Fishes. t April 16, 1904—386th Meeting. The President in the chair and 25 persons present. Carleton R. Ball exhibited specimens of Lamiwm amplexicaule showing cleistogamous flowers produced in early spring. The following communications were presented : W. R. Maxon: Some Jamaican Termite Nests. Vernon Bailey : A Simple Method of Preserving Tracks. E. L. Morris: The History and Reproduction of the Bush Morning-Glory.{ E. S. Steele : The Globose Headed Laciniarias. April 30, 1904—387th Meeting. The President in the chair and 30 persons present. The following communications were presented : C. L. Marlatt : Individual and Specific Characters in Minute Insects as shown under the Microscope. E. W. Nelson : Notes on the Habits of Two Remarkable Fish from Southern Mexico. Geo. T. Moore: The Fixation of Atmospheric Nitrogen by Bacteria.§ May 14, 1904—388th Meeting. Vice-President Palmer in the chair and 8 persons present. No program presented. October 22, 1904—389th Meeting. Vice-President Hay in the chair and 23 persons present. The following communications were presented : EB. A. Schwarz: The Insect Catching Grass of Cuba.|| * Smithsonian Misc. Coll. (Quart. Issue), XLV, pp. 321-447, pls. LX XIV-C, June 15, 1904. ' +To be published by U. S. Rureau of Fisheries ; see also Trans. Amer. Fisheries Soc., p. 192, 1904. ft Plant World, VII, pp. 109-113, pls. V-VI, May, 1904, 2 Bacteria and the Nitrogen Problem, Yearbook U.S. Dept. Agric., pp 333-342, 1903. | To be published in Proc. Entomolog. Soc. Wash., VII, No. 1, Jan., 1905. x The Biological Society of Washington. J. N. Rose: A Very Curious Plant from Mexico. Theo. Gill: The Segregation of Freshwater Fishes. A. B. Baker: Exhibit of Living Animals at the St. Louis Exposition. November 5, 1904—3g90th Meeting. Vice-President Hay in the chair and 46 persons present. Ch. W. Stiles spoke briefly of the meeting of the International Committee on Zoological Nomenclature in Berne. The following communication was presented : Gen. T. E. Wilcox : The Flora of the Western United States and Alaska. November 19, 1904—39I1st Meeting. The President in the chair and 34 persons present. B. W. Evermann spoke of the abundance of waterfowl at Lake Maxinkuckee, Indiana, about November 5, 1904. | The following communications were presented : E. L. Greene : A Chapter in the Evolution of Generic Nomen- clature. David White: A New Seed-bearing Fern.* December 5, 1904—392nd Meeting. The President in the chair and 35 persons present. : G. K. Gilbert exhibited photographs and specimens of the bark of the aspen tree showing marks made by the claws of” bears and other animals. The following communications were presented : H. W. Oldys: Some New Bird Songs. W.H. Dall: -The Relations of the Non Marine Mullusk Fauna of Alaska.t B. W. Evermann: A Trip to Mount Whitney. *The Seeds of Aneimites, Smithsonian Mise. Coll. (Quart. Issue), XLVII, pp. 322-331, pls. XLVII-XLVIII, 1904. + To be published in Popular Science Monthly. Wi eS. iB ap. iat Stein ee i Se SY Proceedings. ie December 17, 1904—393rd Meeting. The President in the chair and 38 persons present. The following communications were presented : E. L. Greene: The Earliest Systematic Book of Botany. A. B. Baker: Animals Recently Received at the National Zoological Park from Abyssinia and South America. Hugh M. Smith: The Japanese Dwarf Salmon and the Fish- ing Therefor with Trained Cormorants.* December 31, 1904—394th Meeting. The President in the chair and 24 persons present. The annual reports of the Recording Secretary and the Treas- urer were read and accepted. The following officers were elected for the year 1905: President: Frank H. Knowlton. Vice-Presidents: E. L. Greene, W. P. Hay, E. W. Nelson, T. 8S. Palmer. Recording Secretary : Wilfred H. Osgood. Corresponding Secretary : Edward L. Morris. Treasurer: David White. Councillors: A. K. Fisher, A. D. Hopkins, J. N. Rose, L. Stejneger, H. J. Webber. The President announced the appointment of the following standing committees for the year 1905: Committee on Publications: W. P. Hay, David White, W. H. ~ Osgood, E. A. Goldman, C. A. McKnew. Committee on Communications: Vernon Bailey, A. B. Baker, A. D. Hopkins, J. N. Rose, H. M. Smith. *To be published by the U. S. Bureau of Fisheries; see also Trans. Amer. Fisheries Soc., p. 101, 1904. VOL. XVII, PP. I-16 FEBRUARY 5, 1904 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON SYNOPSIS OF THE GENERA, SUBGENERA AND SEC-— TIONS OF THE FAMILY PYRAMIDELLIDA. BY WILLIAM HEALEY DALL AND PAUL BARTSCH. The Pyramidellide, a family of Mollusks mostly of small size and world-wide distribution, oceur fossil first in the Creta- ceous, are numerous in the Tertiary, but perhaps are most fully _ developed in the existing faunas. Very numerous names have been applied to them, sometimes under the impression that the pillar is not plicated in a particular group, a mistake which, by grinding down the whorls, can be corrected; the missing plica- tions being present but falling a little short of reaching a point in the aperture where they are visible externally. In all the _ forms of which the soft parts are known the external anatomy is very similar. In examining a large series of forms, as noted _ by Fischer, intermediate types appear until it becomes a matter of great difficulty to decide where, if anywhere, the generic lines : can be drawn, and it is not surprising that some authors have - fallen back on the expedient of regarding most of the species, _ hotwithstanding the contrasting extremes, as belonging to a : single genus. Where a group is composed of such a multitude of species it seems more convenient in practice and leads more efficiently to clear thinking, to take the other view, and subdi- 1—PrRoc. BIOL. Soc. WASH. Vou. XVII, 1904. (1) 2 Dall and Bartsch—The Pyramidellide. vide the groups sufficiently to make it reasonably clear where a given species belongs in the series. In the absence of anatomical char acters it has been necessary to fall back in large part on the form, ornamentation, and _ pli- cations of the pillar, as distinctive characters, even while we admit that between the different sections some intermediate forms may occur. So many names have been applied to mem- bers of the group that in most cases it has not been necessary to coin new denominations. ‘The synonymy, which is very in- volved, is reserved for another paper in which the species of the west coast of America will be monographically treated. It was thought best to put on record the classification adopted, so that before the paper referred to appears the authors may have the benefit of criticism from other students. Many of the specific names given in the past have been repeatedly used for different species, rendering it necessary in many cases to give new ones. In all cases the synonymy adopted has been based on researches which have begun with the typical species of the original authors, which in some of the most anciently named forms has involved no little labor. Wherever any doubt ex- isted in regard to the characters the specimens have been ground down until the pillar has been made visible over a great part of its extent, and in all cases the characters recorded are the result of microscopic study. Only a few of the many named forms have been inaccessible, as the collection of the U. S. National Museum is remarkably rich in species of this group. The senior author thinks it only just to state that by far the greater part of the work is due to his associate, who has for several years given unwearied attention to these minute and difficult objects of study. The facilities‘of the National Mu- seum have been constantly at the disposition of the writers, — and most of the types are contained in its collection, though — thanks for material lent for study are due to the Academy of : Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, the authorities of Amherst — College, the Zoological Museum of Copenhagen, and numerous : private students to whoma fuller acknowledgment will be made — in the monograph already alluded to, which is nearing its com-- pletion. : The name Qdeliscus appeared in the Museum Calonnianum in 1797, without a diagnosis or figure. This work is anonymous, wo? gy gt Tas i aA We hal aa te hal ile ala ie Dall and Bartsch—The Pyramidellide. oe and this has been regarded as a sufficient reason for rejecting this and other names contained in it, as it is known that Hum- phrey, who was an auctioneer ard dealer, usually credited with the authorship, is not the author, and the work itself is of no scientific value. Family Pyramidellide. Gastropods with the radula absent or obsolete; the operculum ovoid, paucispiral, with the apex anterior, a thread-like arcuate ridge on the proximal side, the inner margin notched in harmony with the plaits of the pillar when prominent; foot short, moderately pointed behind, with a small operculigerous lobe above and sometimes a small tentacular ap- pendix on each side, in front feebly auriculate or undulate; mantle fee- bly canaliferous on the right upper margin; a single branchia; verge sub-cylindric, elongate; head with two flattened subtriangular or elon- gate tentacles, connate, grooved or auriform in the larger forms, the funicles with a ciliated area; below the tentacles an oral orifice from which extends a long retractile subcylindric proboscis, but there is no muzzle like that of Scala; below the oral orifice is an organ named by Loven the mentum, which is usually more or less medially grooved or fissured, and hence, at its anterior end, more or less bilobate, and exten- sile or retractile before or behind the front margin of the foot. The shell is turrited, with a plicate axis; the outer lip frequently internally lirate: in the larger forms the aperture is obscurely channelled in front; the larval shell is sinistral the adult dextral, the former frequently set at an angle to the adult axis, or more or less ‘immersed in the adult apical whorls; it is usually helicoid and smooth; the sculpture varies from nothing to ribbed, spirally sulcate or reticulate; the coloration when present usually reddish, brownish or yellow. The eggs are num- erous and deposited ina lenticular mass. The distribution is world- wide, but the larger forms are mostly tropical. SYNOPSIS OF THE GENERA OF PYRAMIDELLID&. Pyramidella Lamarck. Shell elongate-conic, whorls usually inflated and regularly increasing; the pillar with from one to three folds; the outer lip entire; the shell usually larger than in ZT’urbonilla. Type, Trochus dolabratus Linné. Turbonilla Risso. Shell cylindro-conic, many whorled, generally slander; columellar fold single, varying in strength, outer lip entire; shell usually smaller 4 3 Dall and Bartsch—The Pyramidellide. than in Pyramidella and larger than in Odostomia. Type, T'urbonilla typica D. & B.=Turbonilla plicatula Risso not Turbo plicatulus Scacchi. Odostomia Fleming. Shell usually short, few whorled, subconic or ovate; columellar fold single, varying in strength, outer lip entire. Type, Zurbo plicata Mont. Murchisonella Morch. Shell minute, cylindro-conic; outer lip with an anal sinus behind the periphery of the whorl; pillar with the plait obsolete or internal, whorls numerous and inflated. Type, Murchisonella spectrum Morch. SYNOPSIS OF THE SUBGENERA OF PYRAMIDELLA. A‘ Columellar folds three Shell umbilicated Basal fasciole absent, surface polished, marked by extreme- ly faint lines of growth and microscopic spiral striations Subg. Pyramidella Lamarck. s. s., 1799. Type, Z'rochus dolabratus L. Basal fasciole present, surface less polished than in Pyramidella s. s., marked by lines of growth and microscopic spiral striations Milda subg. nov. Type, Obeliscus ventricosus Quoy. Shell not umbilicated. Surface polished, marked only by fine lines of growth and microscopic spiral striations Periphery sulcate Subg. Longchzeus Morch, 1875. Type, Pyramidella punctata Chem. Periphery not sulcate Voluspa subg. nov. Type, Pyramidella auricoma Dall. Surface sculptured Basal cords absent Periphery sulcate Shell marked by strong axial ribs which terminate at the periphery, and microscopic spiral striations Subg. Pharcidella Dall, 1889. Type, Pharcidella folinti Dall. Bake fae i RELA Pe aire AR BECAME Nis bee Oo on: Dali and Bartsch— The Pyramidellide. — eee Shell marked by strong spiral keels and weak axial riblets Callolongchzus subg. nov. Type, Pyramidella jamaicensis Dall. Periphery not sulcate Shell marked by strong axial ribs, intercostal spaces strongly spirally striated, aperture auricular Subg. Otopleura Fischer, 1885. Type, Pyramidelia auris-catti Chem. Basal cords present Shell marked by strong spiral ridges, moderately strong axial ribs and two basal cords Subg. Triptychus Morch, 1875. Type, Triptychus niveus Morch. A? Columellar folds two Shell umbilicated Surface polished, marked by very fine lines of growth and mic- roscopic spiral striations Subg. Tiberia Monterosato, 1875 Type, Pyramidella nitidula A. Ads. Surface polished, marked by fine lines of growth and strong spiral striations Ulfa subg. nov. Type, Pyramidella (Ulfa) cossmanni nom. nov. = Syrnola striata Cossmann. Surface marked by strong axial ribs, intercostal spaces spirally pitted; early post-nuclear whorls sculptured differently from the later ones Tropzas subg. nov. Type, Pyramidella subulata A. Ads. Shell not umbilicated Surface polished, marked by very faint lines of growth and microscopic spiral striations Basal fasciole present Vagna subg. nov. Type, Pyramidella paumotensis Tryon. Basal fasciole absent Subg. Eulimella Forbes, 1846. Type, Hulimella crassula Fbs., =E. scille Scacchi. Dall and Bartsch—The Pyramidellide. Aperture subquadrate Sect. Eulimella F bs, ss. Aperture suboval Cossmannica sect. nov. Type, Pyramidella clandestina Desh. A® Columellar fold one Shell umbilicated Surface polished, or with fine lines of growth and microscopic spiral striations Peripheral sulcus absent Subg. Orinella nom. nov. Type, Orina pinguicula A. Ads. ’ Peripheral sulcus present Sulcorinella subg. nov. Type, Pyramidella (Sulcorinella) dodona, sp. nov. Shell not umbilicated Large, heavy, elongated shells le _ Surface spirally lirate Subg. Actzopyramis Fischer, 1885. Type, Monoptygma striata Gray. Slender, medium sized shells Surface polished, marked by fine lines of growth and mi- croscopic spiral striations Postnuclear whorls increasing slowly in size at first, then rapidly, lending the shell a mucronate appearance Subg. Styloptygma A. Adams, 1860. Type, Monoptygma stylina A. Ads. Postnuclear whorls increasing regularly in size Subg. Syrnola A. Adams, 1860. — Type, Syrnola gracillima A. Ads. Aperture suboval Sect. Syrnola A. Adams, s. s. Aperture subquadrate Sect. Stylopsis A. Adams, 1860. . Type, Stylopsis typica A. Ads. is Surface spirally striated & Iphiana subg. nov. Type, Syrnola densistriata Garrett. Surface axially and spirally striated with a strong spiral keel at the summit of the whorls Syrnolina subg. nov. Type, Syrnola rubra Pse. Dall and Bartsch—The Pyramidellide. (aa s The status of Agatha virgo A. Adams 1860, [ Menestho, 1861, Myonia, 1861, Amathis 1861], is not known to us. From the meager description ‘we are inclined to believe that it is allied to Acteopyramis Fischer. SYNOPSIS OF THE SUBGENERA OF TURBONILLA. A’ Shell without basal keel B! Varices absent — Spiral sculpture absent, or if present consisting of micro- scopic striations only Surface of the early post-nuclear whorls marked by feeble axial ribs, later ones smooth Subg. Ptycheulimella Sacco, 1892. Type, Pyramidella pyramidata Desh. Surface marked by strong axial ribs which terminate at the periphery of the whorls, intercostal spaces ex- cavated between the sutures. Subg. Chemnitzia Orbigny, 1839. Type, Melania campanelle Phil. Surface marked by strong axial ribs and intercostal spaces which extend over the periphery to the umbili- cal region Subg. TurbonilJla Risso, 1826. Type, Zurbonilla 1 ae ah baat Spiral sculpture present, always stronger than microscopic striations C! Axial sculpture consisting of well developed ribs Spiral markings consisting of many very fine spiral striations Aperture subquadrate Subg. Strioturbonilla Sacco, 1892. Type, Strioturbonilla alpina Sacco. Aperture suboval Subg. Pyrgolampros Sacco, 1892. Type, Pyrgolampros mioperplicatulus Sacco. Spiral marking absent between the sutures, base strongly spirally lirate Subg. Sulcoturbonilla Sacco, 1892. Type, Tornatella turricula Kichw. Dall and Bartsch—The Pyramidellide. Spiral markings consisting of strong striations Summits of the whorls strongly shouldered Subg. Pyrgisculus Monterosato, 1884. Type, Melania sealaris Phil. Summits of the whorls not strongly shouldered Subg. Pyrgiscus Philippi, 1841. Type, Melunia rufa Phil. Spiral markings consisting of one or two strong punctate cords in the intercostal spaces be- tween the sutures; whorls slightly shouldered -Subg. Pyrgolidium Monterosato, 1884. Type, Pyrgolidium roseum Mont. Spiral markings consisting of one or two strong cords; whorls somewhat overhanging Subg. Tragula Monterosato, 1884. Type, Odostomia fenestrata Fbs. Spiral markings consisting of three to six raised threads between the sutures and lirations on the base; whorls strongly shouldered Subg. Dunkeria Carpenter, 1857. Type, Dunkeria paucilirata Cpr. C? Axial sculpture consisting of faint riblets Spiral markings consisting of strong raised threads Subg. Cingulina A. Adams, 1860. Type, Cingulina circinata A. Ads. Spiral sculpture consisting of depressed lirations, sculpture granulose Subg. Saccoina nom. nov. Type, Spica monterosatot Sacco. C* Axial sculpture consisting of lines of growth only Spiral markings consisting of many subequally spaced striations; sculpture finely reticulated Subg. Careliopsis Mérch, 1874. Type, Monoptygma (Careliopsis) sty- liformis Mérch. C+ Axial sculpture absent Spiral markings consisting of a broad strong fold at the summit of the whorls, separated from the rest of the whorl by a deep, broad, rounded sulcus Visma subg. nov. Type, Hulimella tenuis Sby. Dall and Bartsch—The Pyramidellide. 9 B? Varices present Surface marked by axial ribs and strong spiral striations Subg. Mormula A. Adams, 1864. Type, Mormula rissoina A. Ads. Surface marked by axial ribs and strong spiral lira- tions, sculpture granulose Subg. Lancella nom. nov. Type, Z'urbonillu (Lancea) elongata Pse. A? Shell with basal keel Axial sculpture consisting of strong ribs Spiral sculpture absent Asmunda subg. nov. Type. Chemnitzia turrita C. B. Ads. Spiral sculpture present Spiral sculpture consisting of strong ridges Subg. Peristichia Dall, 1889. Type, Peristichia toreta Dall. Spiral sculpture consisting of two tumid ridges one at the periphery the other at the summit of the whorls and many fine striations in the intercostal spaces Baldra subg. nov. Type. Turbonilla (Baldra) archeri sp. nov. Axial sculpture consisting of lines of growth only Spiral sculpture consisting of faint lirations Discobasis Cossmann, 1888. Type, Aciculina demissa Desh. SYNOPSIS OF THE SUBGENERA OF ODOSTOMIA. A' Postnuclear whorls sculptured similarly throughout B' Varices absent C! Axial ribs present, rounded Spiral markings, when present, consisting of mere micro- scopic striations : Shell inflated Summit of the whorls slightly shouldered Subg. Elodiamea De Folin, 1884. Type, Hlodia elegans De Fol. 10 Dall and Bartsch—The Pyramidellidee. Shell not inflated Summit of the whorls not shouldered Suby. Odostomiella Bucquoy, Dautzenberg and Dollfus, 1883. Type, Rissoa doliolum Phil. Summit of the whorls tabulated Subg. Salassia De Folim, 1885. Type, Salassia earinata De Fol. Spiral markings consisting of a strong, broad, raised cord at the sammit of the whorls, separated from the remain- ing part by a strongly impressed spiral. groove Vilia subg. nov. Type, Odostomia ( Vikia) pilsbryé sp. nov. Spiral merkings consisting of two tumid ridges, one at the periphery and one at the summit of the whorls; with many striations on the base } Folinella sabg. nov. Type, Amoura anguliferens De Fol. ' Spiral markings consisting of several to many raised threads in the intercostal spaces, always less strongly developed than the axial ribs Intercostal spaces crossed by equally spaced, raised spiral threads, sculpture reticalated Subg. Trabecula Monterosato 1884. Type, Odostomia jeffreysiana Monter. Intercostal spaces crossed by several raised spiral threads, base not spirally marked Subg. Parthenina Bucquoy, Dautzenberg and Jollfus, 1883. Type, Turbo interstinctus Montagu. Intercostal spaces crossed by several spiral threads, base spirally striated Besta subg. nov. Type, Chrysallida convexa Cpr. Spiral markings consisting of strong, raised threads or cords, equal to, or even stronger than axial ribs f Spiral cords equally spaced, and equally well developed ~ between the sutures and on the base; sculpture nodu- | lose throughout Subg. Mumiola A. Adams, 1864. ‘ Type, Monoptygma spirata A. Ads. Dall and Bartsch—The Pyramidellide. ee Spiral cords subequally spaced between the sutures, where the sculpture is nodulose; base spirally lirate and axially striated Subg. Chrysallida Carpenter, 1856. Type, Chemnitzia communis C. B. Ads. Spiral markings consisting of impressed lines Spiral striations subequally spaced, present between the sutures and on the base of the whorls : Subg. Pyrgulina A, Adams, 1864. Type, Chrysallidu casta A. Ads. Spiral striations on the base only, periphery deeply sul- cated, axial ribs extending to the umbilical region Egila subg. nov. Type, Chrysallida tacunata Cpr. Spiral striations on the base only, axial ribs terminat- ing at the periphery, which is not sulcated Subg. Spiralinella Chaster, 1901. Type, Zurbo spiralis Montagu. ~ C2 Axial ribs present, lamellar Spiral markings lamellar Ribs and spiral lamellze moderately strong, subequally spaced between the sutures and on the base; sculp- ture cuspidate _Haldra subg. nov. Type, Chrysallida photis Cpr. Ribs and spiral lamelle few, very strong Ividia subg. nov. Type, Parthenia armata Cpr. C* Axialribs present but very feeble, usually only indicated near the summit of the whorls Spiral markings consisting of several strong, broad, tumid cords, one or more of the posterior cords crenulated Subg. Miralda A. Adams, 1864. Type, Parthenia diadema A. Ads. Spiral markings consisting of many subequally spaced lira- tions Whorls tabulated at the summit Subg. Ivara Dall and Bartsch, 1903. Type, Odostomia (Ivara) turricula D. & B. a ane i i atl, eth ne 12 Dall and Bartsch— The Pyramidellide. Whorls not tabulated Evalina subg. nov. Type, Odostomia (Hvalina) americana sp. nov. C+ Axial ribs usually reduced to mere lirations, frequently only present between the spiral ridges Spiral markings consisting of moderately well developed cords usually equally spaced and present between the sutures and on the base; axial ribs indicated by faint threads bet ween the spiral sculpture Shell umbilicated Subg. Iolaa A. Adams, 1867. Type, Jole scitula A. Ads. Shell not umbilicated Subg. Menestho Moller, 1842. Type, Turbo albulus Fabr. Spiral markings consisting of strongly raised lamelle; axial ribs indicated by raised threads Subg. Odetta De Folin, 1870. Type, Odostemia ( Odetta) callipyrga nom. nov. = Odetta elegans De Fol. C® Axial ribs absent; axial sculpture represented by lines of growth only Spiral markings consisting of many, usually subequally and’ universally distributed impressed lines Shell elongate-conic Subg. Evalea A. Adams, 1860. Type, Hvalea elegans A. Ads. Shell short, subglobose Subg. Oda Monterosato, 1901. Type, Odostomia dolioliformis Jeffr. C® Axial sculpture absent, shell polished Spiral markings consisting of two tumid ridges, one at the periphery and the other at the summit of the whorls Subg. Cyclodostomia Sacco, 1892. Type, Cyclodostomia mutinensis Sacco. Spiral markings consisting of a more or less conspicuous “¢ tumid ridge on the summit of the whorls g Subg. Doliella Monterosato, 1880. . Type, Odostomia nitens Jeftr. EPC ee ee ee e Ne ts et POS Gea Dall and Bartseh—The Pyramidellide. ; 18 Spiral markings consisting of a strong peripheral keel Subg. Scalenostoma Deshayes, 1863. Type, Scalenostuma carinata Desh. Spiral markings consisting of a peripheral sulcus Subg. Jordaniella Chaster, 1898. Type, Turbo nivosa Montagu. Spiral sculpture absent or indicated only by extremely fine microscopic lines of growth or strive; surface polished Summits of the whorls with a strongly tabulated shoulder Subg. Spiroclimax Morch, 1874. Type, Spirdclimax scalaris Morch. Summits of the whorls not tabulated Columellar fold present Peritreme discontinuous, aperture not rissoid Shell inflated, very large Subg. Amaura Moller, 1842. Type, Amaura candida MOlier. Shell not inflated Subg. Odostomia Fleming, 1817. Shell of medium size _ Sect. Odostomia Fleming, s. s. Type, Zurbo plicata Mont. Shell rather large Sect. Stomega nom. nov. Type, Odostomia conspicua Ald. Shell small Sect. Brachystomia Monterosato, 1884. Type, Odostomia rissoidea Han). Peritreme continuous, aperture rissoid Heida subg. nov. Type, Syrnola caloosaensis Dall. Columellar fold obsolete Shell umbilicated Subg. Myxa Hedley, 1903. Type, Myxa exvesa Hedley. Shell not umbilicated Peritreme continuous, aperture rissoid Subg. Pseudorissoina Tate and May, 1900. Type, Stilifer tasmanica Ten-Wood. 14 Dall and Bartsch—The Pyramidellide. Peritreme not continuous, aperture not rissoid Subg. Liostomia 6. Sars., 1878. Type, Rissoella? eburnea Stimpson. B? Varices present - Shell smooth, axial sculpture indicated by a few varices, spiral sculpture wanting Subg. Oceanida De Folin, 1870. Type, Oceanida gradata De Fol. A? Early postnuclear whorls sculptured differently from the later ones Early post nuclear whorls loosely coiled, plain; later ones closely coiled with a spiral keel at the periphery and one at the summit of the whorls; base spirally lirate Lysacme subg. nov. Type, Chrysallida clausiliformis Cpr. Early post nuclear whorls axially ribbed, succeeded by one or two strongly spirally and faintly axially lirate whorls; the rest of the whorls are marked by a reticulated sculpture consist- ing of raised axial and spiral cords Subg. Obtortio Hedley, 1899. : Type, Rissoa pyrrhacme Melville and Standen, 1899. DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES THAT ARE TYPES OF — SUBGENERA DEFINED IN FOREGOING SYNOPSIS. Pyramidella (Sulcorinella) dodona sp. nov. Shell small, elongate-conic, milk-white. Nuclear whorls one and one- — half, smooth, obliquely immersed in the first postnuclear whorl. Post- z nuclear whorls flattened, moderately shouldered at the summit, having P| a Strong spiral sulcus at the periphery. Base of the last whorl well i rounded and strongly umbilicated. The summits of the whorls fall a~ little anterior to the peripheral sulcus of the preceding whorl] and caus E the part of this, exposed between the sulcus and the summit of the next whorl, to appear as a narrow raised spiral band. Entire-surface of — the shell crossed by many axial lines of growth and numerous subequal- _ insertion; parietal wall covered by a thin callus. Dall and Bartsch—The Pyramidellide. ae The type, number 136,023 U. S. National Museum collection, is a fossil, coming from the Oligocene deposit at Oak Grove, Sta. Rosa Co., Florida. It has six and one-half aia ome tas whorls which measure: long., 3.1 mm. : diam., 1.4 mm. Turbonilla (Baldra) archeri sp. nov. Shell small, elongate-conic, turriculated, milk-white.. Nuclear whorls two and one-half, helicoid, about one-fourth immersed in the first post- nuclear whorl, having their axis at a right angle to the axis of the later whorls. Postnuclear whorls moderately well rounded, having cuspidat- ed tabulated shoulders and a spiral ridge at the summit and the peri- phery. Axial ribs prominent, narrow, flexuose, about one-third as wide as the intercostal spaces, sixteen occur upon the first, eighteen upon the fourth and the penultimate whorls. Intercostal spaces decidedly depressed between the spiral ridges, crossed by many subequally spaced microscopic. spiral striations. Suture channelled. Periphery of the last whorl angulated, rendered somewhat crenulated by the axial ribs which extend feebly over the base to the umbilical region. ee a oe Re ee ee EN eee en ae tS. 4 PE re te PL CE ta are re eg hee LS oe i i Nelson—North American Mainland Myiarchus. 47 _ Myiarchus lawrencei querulus subsp. nov. QUERULOUS FLYCATCHER. Type.—No. 185,220, adult male, U. S. National Museum, Biological Sur- vey Collection. From Los Reyes, Michoacan, Mexico. Collected February 17, 1903, by E. W. Nelson and E. A. Goldman. Breeding range.—Southern end of Mexican tableland from central Jalisco, Michoacan, Hidalgo and state of Mexico south through Colima, Guerrero, part of Puebla and Oaxaca to Isthmus of Tehuantepec, where it passes into true lawrencet. Not migratory. Zonal distribution.—Arid Tropical to Upper Sonoran. , Subspecifie characters.—Color most like platyrhynchus but size larger (almost equalling lawrencet from northeastern Mexico), and inner borders - of tail feathers usually more or less edged with buffy. Description of fresh plumage.—Crown nearly clove brown, with a slight wash of olive, distinctly darker than back; back slightly grayish olive but darker and more greenish than in olivascens; upper tail coverts dark hair brown, more or less bordered and shaded with cinnamon; outer edges of tail feathers thinly bordered with russet; wing coverts tipped with isabella color; secondaries and all but outer primaries narrowly edged with russet; chin, throat and breast clear ash gray; abeomen and under tail coverts rich straw yellow; inner webs of inner tail feathers usually narrowly bordered with ochraceous buffy. Young in first plumage.—The same as in lawrencei, but paler, especially on crown and underparts. Measurements.—Averages of ten adult males: Wing, 86.1 (83-90); tail, 83.3 (80-86); culmen, 17.3 (17-18); tarsus, 19.6 (19-20). Averages of five adult females: Wing, 81.6 (78-87); tail, 79.2 (76-83); culmen, 17 (16.5-17.5); tarsus, 19.4 (19-20). General notes.—Specimens of the present form have hitherto been con- fused with the smaller and paler olivascens, but the Biological Survey series from all parts of western and southern Mexico make it plain that there are two recognizable forms on the mainland north of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec. The southern one, guerulus, occupies an area lying between the more arid home of oliwvascens and the still more humid one of true dawrencet. One of the unexpected characters of querulus is its large size—almost the same as of lawrencet of northeastern Mexico, and considerably exceeding that of olivascens or of the representatives of lawrencet where their two ranges come in contact. Its large size also separates it at once from platyrhynchus. It is paler than Jawrencet and with less strongly marked rufous borders to wings and tail. Some spec- imens, especially from Hidalgo and certain other tableland localities, sometimes lack the buffy inner edging to the tail feathers, but their large size and general coloration distinguishes them. 48 - Nelson—North American Mainland Myiarchus. Myiarchus lawrencei olivascens Ridgway. OLIVACEOUS FLYCATCHER. 1884. Myiarchus lawrencet olivascens Ridgway, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., | Wee ae 3 Type locality.—Santa Efigenia, Oaxaca. Type No. 57,655 U.S. National Museum. Breeding range.—Southern Arizona and thence south in western Mex- ico, west of the Sierra Madre to northern Tepic. Migrates from northern part of its range south throughout southwest- ern Mexico to Chiapas and inland through Michoacan and Guerrero. Resident in southern part of breeding range. Zonal distribution.—Lower Sonoran and Arid Tropical. Subspecific characters.—Decidedly smaller than true lawrencei; upper parts grayer and rectrices only slightly if at all edged with pale cinna- mon. Description of fresh plumage.—Crown olive brown, but slightly darker than back; back grayish olive with but slight if any indication of green- ish: upper tail coverts hair brown usually but not always edged with pale cinnamon; outer edges of tail feathers, secondaries and all but two outer primaries edged with slightly darker shade of cinnamon; wing coverts vary from drab to isabella color; inner webs of inner tail feathers usually plain dusky but sometimes with a slight buffy edge along inner border; chin, throat and breast ashy gray; abdomen and under tail coverts varying from sulphur yellow to straw yellow. Measurements of specimens from southern Arizona:—Averages of ten adult males: Wing, 81.5 (76-85); tail, 77.9 (73-81); culmen. 16.6 (16-17); tarsus, 18.9 (18-20). Averages of ten adult females: Wing, 76.4 (75-78); tail, 72.5 ('70-75); culmen, 16.1 (15-17); tarsus, 18.1 (17.5-19). General notes.—The type of olivascens came from Santa Efigenia, Oaxaca, close to the border of Chiapas, where the resident birds are nearly typical lawrence? both in size and color. The type of oltvascens is in winter plumage and agrees in every way with birds from northwestern Mexico and southern Arizonia. From this it 1s practically certain that this individual was a winter visitant from the north. The birds of southern Arizona may be considered typical of the form. M. olivascens is apparently not numerous in winter south of Guerrero. The Bangs collection contains one specimen taken on April 4, at Patzcuaro, Michoacan, which was probably a migrant. Among a series of over fifty specimens at hand only afew have indications of a buffy border along the inner edge of the tail feathers, and most of these are intergrades from along the southern border of its range where it merges into guerulus. There is also a gradual increase southward in size. f i Nelson—North American Mainland Myiarchus. 49 Myiarchus lawrencei tresmariz subsp. nov. TRES MARIAS FLYCATCHER. Type.—No. 156,810, adult male, U.S. National Museum, Biological Survey Collection. From Maria Madre Island, Tepic, Mexico. Collected May 5, 1897, by E. W. Nelson and E. A. Goldman. Breeding range.—Tres Marias Islands, Tepic Ty., Mexico. Not mi- gratory. Zonal distribution.—Arid Tropical. Subspecifie characters.—Palest and grayest of the forms of lawrencei, with slight buffy borders on inner webs of inner tail feathers; bill pro- portionately longer and broader than in olivascens. Description of slightly worn plumage.—Upperparts hair brown, only slightly darker on crown; upper tail coverts drab thinly edged with pale cinnamon; tail feathers thinly edged externally with same; inner pri- maries and secondaries very finely edged externally with same; wing coverts tipped with drab; chin, throat and breast dingy ash gray, duller than in olivascens; abdomen and under tail coverts straw yellow; inner webs of inner tail feathers usually with narrow border of buffy; bill larger and broader than in olwascens. Measurements.—Adult male (type); Wing, 79; tail, 75; culmen, 18; width of culmen, 9; tarsus, 21. Average of seven adult females: Wing, 76.1 (73-30); tail, 74.4 (70-79). culmen, 16.8 (16-18); width of culmen, 9.1 (9-9.5); tarsus, 19.6 (19-20.5); General notes.—The present form only needs comparison with olivas- cens, from which it is easily distinguished by the characters mentioned. Myiarchus nigriceps Sclater. BLACK CROWNED FLYCATCHER. 1860. Mytarchus nigriceps Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1860, p. 68. Type locality.—Pallatanga, Ecuador. Type in British Museum. Breeding range.—Over a large part of northern South America from the valley of the Amazon to Panama (including San Miguel Island). Not migratory. Zonal distribution.—Mainly Humid Tropical but ranging above this to 9500 feet in Peru (Biologia Cent.-Am., II, p. 96). Specific characters.—Crown slaty black; back olive greenish; wings and tail of adult without rufous edgings. Description of fresh plumage.—Crown slaty black; back olive greenish; upper tail coverts hair brown slightly edged with tawny olive; tail feathers edged externally with hair brown varying to isabella color: outer web of outer feather drab, paler than inner web; inner webs plain dusky; outer primaries without external edging; inner primaries with 50 Nelson—North American Mainland Myiarchus. or without a fine grayish edging; secondaries narrowly edged with light drab often tinged with greenish; tertials dingy whitish sometimes in- clining to drab; wing coverts drab; inner borders of wing feathers sal- mon buffy; chin, throat and breast ash gray; abdomen and under tail coverts canary yellow varying to sulphur yellow. Description of young in first plumage.—Crown dull sooty black; back dingy olive: upper tail coverts sepia brown edged with dark russet; wing coverts, tertials and secondaries rusty cinnamon, palest on tertials; inner primaries thinly edged with russet; inside of wing feathers bordered with salmon buffy; tail feathers narrowly bordered on both webs by cinnamon rufous; chin, throat and breast ashy gray; abdomen and un- » der tail coverts primrose yellow. Measurements.—Averages of ten adult males from northern Colombia: Wing, 81.7 (80-83); tail, '76.3 ('74-78); culmen, 17.1 (17-18); tarsus, 19.6 (18.5-20.5). . Averages of five adult females from northern Colombia: Wing, 77.2 (73-83); tail, 72 (68-76); culmen, 16.6 (16-17); tarsus, 19.4 (18-20.5). General notes.—The adults of this species in size and general style of coloration resemble M. nigricapillus and M. bangsi, except that they completely lack the rufous edgings to wings and tail found in those birds. The first plumage of nigriceps is much like the young of law- rencet but the upper parts are darker and the rufous borders to the tail feathers are decidedly narrower. Whether the ranges of this species and M. bangst overlap or are complementary remains to be determined. Myiarchus brunneiceps Lawrence, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. N. Y., VII, 327, June, 1861, from Lion Hill, Panama, isa synonym of M. nigriceps. M. nigriceps is a wide ranging South American species with M. law- rencet and subspecies as its nearest relatives in North America. VoL. XVII, PP. 51-52 MARCH 10, 1904 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON A NEW BATRACHIAN FROM SARAWAK, BORNEO. BY THOMAS BARBOUR. ‘Among asmall collection of Batrachians taken in Sarawak, Borneo, by Mr. W. T. Hornaday, there are two specimens of an apparently un- described species of toad. This species is nearly related to Nectes subasper Tschudi, from Java. Nectes obscurus sp. nov. Differing from N. swhasper in the size of the tympanum; the size of the nostrils; the width of the upper eyelid; and in the distinctness of the - metatarsal tubercles. Head rather small; snout oblique and obtusely angular; nostrils very small, opening upward and slightly outward ; upper eyelid wide; space between the eyes rather broad; tympanum distinct but small, less than one-half the diameter of the eye; fingers slender, the first a very little shorter than the second; toes long and slender, united by a rather nar- row membrane; subarticular tubercles distinct; two large metatarsal tubercles. When the hind limb is carried forward along the body, the tarso-metatarsal articulation reaches a considerable distance beyond the tip of the snout. Upper surfaces and sides covered with round and con- ‘ical warts of unequal size, the largest evidently porous and arranged in two irregular lines on the dorsal surface. The lower surfaces are cov- ered with rather fine granules of unequal size. Color (alcoholic specimens), olivaceous above, lighter below; the hind legs banded and mottled with a darker color. Type No. 2396, Barbour collection, Museum of Comparative Zodlogy, Cambridge, Mass. 4—Proc. Brot. Soc. WasH. Von. XVII, 1904 (61) VoL. XVII, pp. 53-54 MARCH 21, 1904 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON HAPLOMYLOMYS, A NEW SUBGENUS OF PEROMYSCUS. BY WILFRED H. OSGOOD. The genus Peromyscus, as at present recognized, contains a larger number of species than any other North American genus of mammals. It hasa comparatively wide range, and, although subject to numerous minor variations, preserves its essential characters with remarkable uni- formity. Thus far only two sub- generic names have been proposed for subordinate groups within the genus—Baiomys, erected by True in 1894* for the tiny species P. taylori, and Megadontomys, pro- posed by Merriam in 18987 for the largest species of the genus P.thomasi. Both of these are well characterized, but represent abey- rant types rather than assem- blages of species. Baiomys con- tains only two well-marked spe- cies (each possibly divisible into ; : Fie. 1.—A. Upper molars of Peromyscus several subspecies) and Megadon- ( Per auuadey tle Bo Uoper ic tomys is represented by only the lars of Peromyscus (Haplomylomys) cali- type species and two closely re- f° (ADout X 874). lated forms. All the other species are at present retained in * Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., X VI, p. 758, 1894. tT Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XII, pp. 115-116, April 30, 1898; see also Bangs, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., XX XIX, p. 27, 1902, where Megadontomys is given generic rank. 5— Proc. Biot. Soc. Wasu. Vout. XVII, 1904 (53) 54. Osgood—Haplomylomys, a New Subgenus of Peromyscus. the restricted genus Peromyscus, typified by the common P. leucopus of the eastern United States. A small group containing two well-known species and numer- ous subspecies found in the arid and semi-arid regions of the southwestern United States and northern Mexico seems also worthy of subgeneric recognition. Although not differing as a croup in any external characters that are diagnostic, it is sharply defined by peculiarities of the molar teeth, which are so con- stant and, comparatively speaking, so pronounced as to be of considerable significance. ; The important forms of this group are P. eremicus and P. californicus, characterized by a less complex tuberculation of the molar teeth than in Peromyscus proper or in Megadontomys. In the ordinary type of Peromyscus there is a small accessory tubercle between the primary outer tubercles of the first and second upper molars. In unworn teeth these tiny tubercles are scarcely notice- able, except as viewed in profile. When the crowns of the molars become worn, however, they appear as narrow enamel loops with closely appressed sides, lying between the more or less open primary loops. These small tubercles are not present in the group heretofore loosely called the ‘eremicus’ group. ‘They are also absent in Baiomys, which, however, is otherwise peculiar. They are developed to various degrees in various species, in some being difficult to observe, except in teeth that have been sub- jected to considerable wear. Apparently they are least promi- nent in P. crinitus and its close allies. The appearance of partly worn teeth is shown in the accom- panying reproduction of photographs of actual specimens. For purposes of illustration, two of the larger species were selected. In essential characters their teeth do not differ from those of the type species of their respective groups. The new subgenus may be characterized as follows: Haplomylomys subgen. nov. Type.—Peromyscus eremicus (Baird), from Fort Yuma, California. Characters.—Size medium or small; pelage usually very soft and silky; — tail longer than head and body, subterete, rather thinly haired; soles of z hind feet naked (at least in median line) to caleaneum, 6-tuberculate and — paved with minute imbricate scales; skull with cranium rather large and i rostral region relatively weak ; first and second upper molars with three _ salient and two reéntrant outer angles at all stages of wear; small secondary tubercles never present between outer primary tubercles; lower — molars correspondingly simple. VoL. XVII, PP. 55-77 MARCH 21, 1904 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON THIRTY NEW MICE OF THE GENUS PEROMYSCUS FROM MEXICO AND GUATEMALA. BY WILFRED H. OSGOOD. The mice of the genus Peromyscus, so well represented in the United States and so well known for their numerous specific and subspecific variations, reach their highest development south of our borders in Mexico. This is the region of their greatest abundance, both in actual numbers and in specific types. Some are closely related to forms found in the United States, but the majority are entirely different. The thorough work of E. W. Nelson and E. A. Goldman in this region has resulted in the acquisition of very large numbers of specimens of this genus, and now for the first time it is possible to learn the number and diversity of their specific and sub- specific forms. Specimens of Peromyscus, from Mexico and Guatemala alone, to the number of nearly 3,400, are now in the collection of the U.S. Biological Survey. This is unquestion- ably in excess of the combined number in all other collections in the world, and it is therefore not surprising that a compara- tively large number of new forms should be found among them. The descriptions herewith are presented in advance of a revision of the entire genus, now in preparation, in which it is hoped that all the known forms may be fully discussed. I take pleasure in making acknowledgments to Dr. C. Hart Merriam, to whom I owe the opportunity of elaborating this 6—Proc. Brot. Soc. Wasu. Vor. XVII, 1904 (55) 56 Osgood—Thirty New Mice of the Genus Peromyscus. rich material and to whom I am indebted for much valued criticism and advice. It was also my privilege to be somewhat associated with Dr. Merriam during his preparation of a pre- liminary paper on the same group several years ago,* an expe- rience which is now of the utmost value to me. During the work I have been greatly assisted by Mr. Nelson, and the ad- vantage of having at my disposal his intimate knowledge of the physiographic conditions of Mexico has been much appreciated. Subgenus Peromyscus Gloger. Peromyscus sonoriensis blandus subsp. nov. Type from Escalon, Chihuahua, Mexico. Adult female, No. 57,635, U.S. National Museum, Biological Survey Collection, November 27, 1893, E. A. Goldman. Characters.—Similar to P. sonoriensis,t but smaller; tail shorter (usually less than 75); color more vinaceous. Color.—Type, in full winter pelage: Upper parts vinaceous buff, uni- formly sprinkled with dusky; a narrow lateral line of vinaceous buff; lanuginous ear tufts conspicuous, mixed white and buff; under parts creamy white; ears chiefly whitish with a wide dusky area on flexure; tail sharply bicolor; feet white, ankles with traces of dusky and buffy. Skull.—Similar to that of sonoriensis, but somewhat smaller; nasals averaging wider, particularly at their posterior ends. Measurements.—Type: Total length, 145; tail vertebrae, 61; hind foot, 21. Average of seven adult topotypes: 161; 69; 21.4. Skull of type: Greatest length, 25.4; basilar length of Hensel, 19.7; zygomatic width, 12.5; interorbital constriction,4; interparietal, 8x 1.9; nasals, 9.8 x 2.5; bony palate, 3.5; palatine slits, 5.7 x 2; diastema, 6.7; postpalatal length, 9.1; upper molar series, 3.8. Remarks.—This is the common short-tailed mouse of northeastern Mexico. The limits of its range have not yet been thoroughly worked out, but it is represented from numerous localities in Mexico east of the Sierra Madre and extends north to western Texas. It is easily distin- guished from P. texanus of the same region by numerous characters, among which may be mentioned the following : Size smaller ; tail shorter ; color more vinaceous; pelage softer; subauricular spots more prominent and nearly always extensively white; nasals broader and flatter; pre- maxille less swollen laterally ; braincase smaller. Its vinaceous color and small size distinguish it from sonoriensis, which is found chiefly west of the Sierra Madre. * These Proceedings, Vol. XII, pp. 115-125, April 30, 1898. } Nos. $2982 and 22793 U.S. N. M., from Santa Cruz River, Sonora, have been used to represent P. sonoriensis. O1 ~I Osgood—Thirty New Mice of the Genus Peromyscus. Peromyscus sonoriensis fulvus subsp. nov. Type from Oaxaca City, Oaxaca, Mexico. Adult male, No. 68,655, U. S. National Museum, Biological Survey Collection, June 12, 1894, E. W. Nelson and E. A. Goldman. ’ Characters.—Similar to P. sonoriensis, but color darker and more rufes- cent; skull with anterior part of zygoma heavier and more deeply notched by infraorbital foramen. Color.—General color of upper parts russet, deepening in middle of back to mars brown and Prout’s brown; under parts creamy white; ear tufts prominent, buffy or pale creamy ; tail sharply bicolor, brown above, white below; feet and forelegs white; outer side of ankles brownish. Skull.—Similar to that of P. sonoriensis but more angular; anterior part of zygoma heavier and more deeply notched by infraorbital foramen ; similar to that of P. labecula but smaller and shorter; zygomata not so heavy nor so broadly expanding anteriorly; nasals rather short and broad. Measurements.—Ty pe: Total length, 167; tail vertebrae, 68; hind foot, 22. Average of 10 adults from Chalchicomula, Puebla: 162 (150-183) ; 71.5 (65-78) ; 22. Skull of type: Greatest length, 25; basilar length of ‘Hensel, 19.5; zygomatic width, 12.8; interorbital constriction, 4; inter- parietal, 8x 2.1; nasals, 10; bony palate, 3.7; palatine slits, 5.6x2; diastema, 6.5; postpalatal length, 8.7; upper molar series, 3.8. Remarks.—P. s. fulvus is the southernmost representative of the well- known sonoriensis group of small short-tailed mice. It is found from Oaxaca north to Puebla and parts of Vera Cruz and Hidalgo. Its near relatives are P. s. blandus and P. s. labecula.* In general terms, blandus is small and vinaceous, fulvus is medium sized and rufescent, and labecula is large and more inclined to duskiness. The intergradation of all three and their connection with typical sonoriensis are scarcely to be doubted. Peromyscus texanus mesomelas subsp. nov. Type from Orizaba, Vera Cruz, Mexico. Adult male, No. 58,210, U.S. National Museum, Biological Survey Collection, January 20, 1894, E. W. Nelson and E. A. Goldman. Characters. —Most similar to P. t. mearnsi; color darker; tail shorter ; hind foot larger; a small pectoral spot present; adolescents with an in- tense black dorsal stripe. Color.—Adult: General effect of upperparts pale Prout’s brown, pro- duced by fawn ground color with a liberal mixture of dusky ; sides prac- tically unicolor with back; no definite dusky markings about head ; under parts creamy white except a small but distinct pectoral spot of fawn color; ears dusky with whitish edges; feet white, ankles dusky * Elliot, Field Col. Mus., Zodl. Ser., III, pp. 143-144, March, 1903. 58 Osgood— Thirty New Mice of the Genus Peromyscus. brownish ; tail bicolor. Immature: Similar in general to adult, but more sooty; sides dark mouse gray, tinged with fawn and bordered by a nar- row fawn-colored lateral line; a broad stripe in median dorsal region in- tense black; ankles sooty; tail indistinctly bicolor. Skull.—Similar to that of P. t. mearnsi, but with braincase averaging slightly larger and wider; nasals rather long and palatine slits usually corresponding. Measurements.—Ty pe: Total length, 169; tail vertebree, 76; hind foot, 23. Skull of type: Greatest length, 26.5; basilar length of Hensel, 20.2; zygomatic width, 13.6; interorbital constriction, 4; interparietal, 8.6 x 2.3 ; nasals, 10.4; bony palate, 3.8; palatine slits, 5.2x 2; diastema, 6.9; post- palatal length, 9.1; upper molar series, 3.7. Remarks.—Although this form is very well characterized, there seems to be no doubt that it is connected, through P. t. mearnsi, with P. texanus and others of the same group. Specimens from Rio Verde, San Luis Potosi, are quite evidently intermediate, and a series from Metlaltoyuca, Puebla, while distinctly referable to mesomelas, shows some tendencies toward mearnsi. P. mesomelas is also related to P. affinis, which is a much paler form and not apt to be confused with it. Like mearnsi and affinis, it has short and relatively harsh pelage somewhat different from that of most other Mexican species. Peromyscus texanus castaneus subsp. nov. Type from vicinity of Yohaltun, Campeche, Peninsula of Yucatan, Mexico. Adult male, No. 107,980, U.S. National Museum, Biological Sur- vey Collection, December 19, 1900, E. W. Nelson and E. A. Goldman. Characters.—Similar to P. t. mesomelas, but stnaller and more ferruginous colored; under parts without pectoral spot; adolescents without black dorsal stripe; skull and teeth small. Color.—Type, in fresh pelage: General color of upper parts between Prout’s brown and burnt umber, clearer on sides, darker on back; ground color rich dark fawn ; ho definite lateral line; under parts pure white; feet white, ankles brownish. Topotype No. 107,982, in slightly worn pelage: Sides and upper parts nearly uniform cinnamon rufous with scarcely any dusky admixture and only a narrow line on back somewhat deeper colored than rest of upper parts. Immature: As in adult but grayer. Skull.—Rather small and light; braincase relatively narrow; nasals and palatine slits short; molar teeth small; otherwise similar to P. t. mesomelas. Measurements.— Average of 10 adult topotypes: Total length, 163 (156- 169) ; tail vertebrae, 73 (68-79); hind foot, 21.5 (20-22). Skull of type: Greatest length, 25.3; basar length of Hensel, 19; zygomatic width, 13; interorbital constriction, 4; interparietal, 8x 2.3; nasals, 9.3; bony palate, 4; palatine slits, 4.2x 1.9; diastema, 6.2; postpalatal length, 9.5; upper molar series, 3.5. Osgood—Thirty New Mice of the Genus Peromyscus. 59 Remarks.—P. t. castaneus is nearly the same color as P. cozumelx, which is closely related. P. cozwmelx differs chiefly in larger size and heavier teeth. No specimens from the humid tropical region between Orizaba and Yohaltun are at hand, but castaneus is not sufficiently different from mesomelas to warrant full specific rank. PP. affinis is a related form of the adjacent arid tropics, and much paler than either castaneus or mesomelas. Peromyscus melanotis zamelas subsp. nov. Type from Colonia Garcia, Chihuahua, Mexico (altitude 6700 feet). Adult female, No. 98,197, U. S. National Museum, Biological Survey Collection, July 23, 1899, E. W. Nelson and I. A. Goldman. Characters.—Similar in general to P. melanotis but coloration more sooty ; size small; tail short; skull not peculiar. Color.—Sides dark cinnamon rufous, densely clouded with sooty ; broad stripe from top of head to base of tail intense black ; orbital ring and base of whiskers black ; sides of face suffused with sooty ; a cinnamon rufous patch below eye continuous with a narrow lateral line of the same color ; feet white; tail sharply bicolor, black above, white below; under parts white subdued by plumbeous under-color. Skull.—Practically as in melanotis ; size quite small; molar teeth par- ticularly small. Measurements.—Type: Total length, 160; tail vertebree, 63; hind foot, 20. Skullof type: Greatest length, 25.9; basilar length of Hensel, 19.3; zygomatic width, 13; interorbital constriction, 4; interparietal, 8 x 2.2; nasals, 11; bony palate, 3.8; palatine slits, 5.3 x 2.1; diastema, 7; post- palatal length, 8.5; upper molar series, 3.3. Peromyscus attwateri pectoralis subsp. nov. Type from Jalpan, Queretaro, Mexico. Adult male, No. 81,236, U. S. National Museum, Biological Survey Collection, August 30, 1896, E. W. Nelson and E. A. Goldman. Characters.—Similar to P. attwateri, but richer colored and having a prominent buffy pectoral spot; tail longer; size medium (hind foot 21- 23); superficially similar to P. eremicus ; color darker and more vinaceous ; pelage slightly less silky; tail longer and more hairy; soles of hind feet naked or with slight hairiness on heel; ankles usually white; skull rather heavy; molar teeth with small accessory tubercles of subgenus Pero- myscus. , Color.—Type, in fresh fall pelage: Ground color of upper parts pale ochraceous buff with a thick sprinkling of dusky, producing an effect nearly the shade of wood brown; sides of head behind eyes grayish; a narrow blackish orbital ring; a distinct buffy ochraceous pectoral spot usually present ; feet, and in most cases ankles, white ; under parts white ; tail dusky above, white below. 60 Osgood— Thirty New Mice of the Genus Peromyscus. Skull. —About as in P. attwateri ; somewhat similar to that of P. levipes but smaller, with smaller teeth; lachrymal region less swollen; nasals rather long and broad; zygomata somewhat compressed anteriorly, not elbowed squarely ; premaxille usually ending beyond nasals; interpari- etal rather large; audital bulle quite small, smaller than in levipes or eremicus. Measurements.—Type: Total length, 210; tail vertebree, 114; hind foot, 22. Average of 10 adults from various localities: 200; 112; 21.5. Skull. of type: Greatest length, 27; basilar length of Hensel, 19.7 ; zygomatic width, 13.7; interorbital constriction, 4.2; nasals, 9.9; bony palate, 3.7 ; palatine slits, 4.9 x 2; diastema, 6.3; postpalatal length, 9.4; upper molar series, 3.8. Peromyscus attwateri eremicoides subsp. nov. Type from Mapimi, Durango, Mexico. Adult male, No. 57,729, U. National Museum, Biological Survey Collection, December 15, ifs E. Goldman. Characters.—Similar to P. attwateri, but smaller and paler; skull small and light; audital bulla very small; ears small; soles of hind feet naked. Color.—Upper parts mixed pinkish buff and dusky, producing the gen- eral effect of pale broccoli brown; lateral line pinkish buff; underparts pure creamy white without trace of pectoral spot; facial region between eye and ear grayish; feet and ankles white; tail dusky above, white below. In some specimens, doubtless the younger ones, the general effect is gray, while in others a delicate shade of pinkish buff predomi- nates. Skull.—Similar in general to that of attwateri but decidedly smaller ; audital bulle very small; nasals short; interorbital constriction rela- tively wide; rostrum depressed. Measurements.—Type and one topotype: Total lengths, 180; 195; tail vertebree, 102; 111; hind feet, 20; 21. Skull of type: Greatest length, 24; basilar length of Hensel, 18; zygomatic width, 12; interorbital con- striction, 3.9; interparietal, 8.3 x 2; nasals, 8.5; bony palate, 3.5; pala- tine slits, 4. 5 x 1.5; diastema, 5.8; poetnalatal length, 8.5; upper molar series, 3.5. Remarks.—This form is readily distinguishable from both attwateri and pectoralis by its pale color, small ears, and very small skull. Its resem- blance to P. eremicus, particularly in immature and worn pelages, is re- markable. The only external characters by which it may be distin- guished are its longer, slightly more hairy tail and pure white ankles. Neither of these characters, however, is to be depended upon, as the tail in eremicus is often quite hairy, and the dusky on the ankle frequently so little developed as to be scarcely apparent. The molar enamel pattern, except in extremely worn teeth, is always diagnostic, eremicoides having the small accessory cusps and eremicus being without them. Specimens examined.—Total number 10, from localities in Mexico as follows: Coahuila, Jimuleo, 4; Durango, Inde, 4, Mapimi, 2. S. A. x Osgood—Thirty New Mice of the Genus Peromyscus. 61 Peromyscus polius sp. nov. Type from Colonia Garcia, Chihuahua, Mexico. Old female, No. 98,226, U. S. National Museum, Biological Survey Collection, June 26, 1899, E. W. Nelson and E. A. Goldman. A Characters. —Somewhat similar to P. boylei rowleyi, but decidedly larger and grayer colored ; skull large and stoutly built, with large teeth and relatively small audital bullee. Color.—General color of upper parts grayish broccoli brown, produced by a ground color of pinkish buff mixed with dusky ; lateral line clear pinkish buff; head slightly more grayish than body, particularly on cheeks; a narrow dusky orbital ring ; lanuginous tuft at base of ear occa- sionally tinged with white; under parts pure white; feet and ankles white ; tail bicolor. ? Skull.—Similar in general to that of rowleyi, but larger; molar teeth de- cidedly larger; palatine slits longer; audital bulle actually about same size, relatively smaller; otherwise not peculiar. Measurements.—Average of 8 adult topotypes: Total length, 218.5 (210-234) ; tail vertebree, 117 (111-120); hind foot, 25.8 (25-26). Skull of type: Greatest length, 29.9; basilar length of Hensel, 22.9; zygomatic width, 14.8; interorbital constriction, 4.5; interparietal, 10.5 x 2.8; nasals, 11.6; bony palate, 4.4; palatine slits, 6 x 2; diastema, 7.4; post- palatal length, 10; upper molar series, 4.7. Remarks.—This species nearly equals P. difficilis in size, but its shorter tail and ears readily distinguish it without recourse to the skull, in which the audital bulle are scarcely more than half the size of those of difficilis. Its real relationship is undoubtedly with rowleyi and attwateri. It is appar- ently an isolated species, and is not the general Mexican representative of this group, for practically typical rowleyi occurs as far south at least as central Zacatecas. Its pure white ankles, as well as its large size and pale color, afford convenient characters for readily recognizing it. Peromyscus gratus gentilis subsp. nov. Type from Lagos, Jalisco, Mexico. Adult male, No. 78,937, U. 8. Na- tional Museum, Biological Survey Collection, June 27, 1896, E. W. Nelson and E. A. Goldman. 3 Characters.—Similar to P. gratus but paler; sides of head much more fulvous; molar teeth slightly smaller. Color.—New pelage: Upper parts pale ochraceous buff lightly mixed with dusky; middle of back with a slight concentration of dusky tipped hairs ; top of head, ear tufts, etc., with a predominance of buffy; sides of head nearly clear ochraceous buff, with a slight tinge of grayish be- tween eye and base of ear; eyelids black; under parts white; hands and feet white; ankles dusky; tail bicolor, blackish above, white below. Worn pelage: Upper parts varying from clear bright ochraceous buff on back and rump to grayish buft about head and shoulders, sometimes with 62 Osgood— Thirty New Mice of the Genus Peromyscus. a fine mixture of cinnamon tipped hairs throughout; under parts white ; tail dusky brownish above, white below. Skull.—As in typical P. gratus, having the same large braincase, short depressed rostrum, and relatively large audital bulle; molar teeth slightly smaller. Measurements.—Average of 10 adult topotypes: Total length, 201 (194- 210); tail vertebree, 111.7 (103-120); hind foot, 23.8 (23-24.5).. Skull of type: Greatest length, 27.2; zygomatic width, 14; nasals, 9.5; inter- orbital constriction, 4.4; upper molar series, 4. Remarks.—Apparently there are two forms of the P. gratus type found in Mexico, one very dark with dusky grayish head and cheeks, the other much paler with less dusky or grayish and more ochraceous on the head and cheeks. The extreme of the dark form is shown in a series from Zamora, Michoacan. Typical gratus from Tlalpam, Mexico, is unques- tionably referable to the dark form, although not so extreme as the specimens from Zamora. The light form, which is therefore named, is most extreme in specimens from Lagos, Jalisco. Various degrees of in- tergradation are shown by specimens from a number of localities. Peromyscus amplus sp. nov. Type from Coixtlahuaca, Oaxaca, Mexico. Adult female, No. 70,158, U.S. National Museum, Biological Survey Collection, November 12, 1894, EK. W. Nelson and E. A. Goldman. Characters.—Most similar to P. felipensis, but very much paler; pelage long and soft; color very uniform, with scarcely any dark dorsal area; skull with somewhat inflated braincase. Color.—Type: General effect of upper parts uniform clay color produced by a ground color of ochraceous buff and a fine ‘ peppery’ mixture of dusky; lateral line rather broad, ochraceous buff; forehead and orbital region from posterior base of whiskers to ear grayish; anterior base of whiskers buffy ; under parts creamy white with a well-developed ochrace- ous buff pectoral spot; feet white, ankles dusky; tail white below, dusky brownish above. Skull.—Very similar to that of felipensis, but braincase slightly higher and more inflated; anterior part of skull depressed ; audital bullee large. Measurements.—Average of 10 adult topotypes: Total length, 248 (235-260) ; tail vertebree, 136 (128-145); hind foot, 27 (26-28). Skull of type: Greatest length, 30.4; basilar length of Hensel, 23; zygomatic width, 10.4; interorbital constriction, 4.5 ; interparietal, 10.4.x 3.7; nasals, — 11.3; bony palate, 4.6; palatine slits, 6 x 2.3; diastema, 7.9; postpalatal — length, 10.2; upper molar series, 4.8. Remarks.—P. felipensis, to which amplus is related, is essentially a black mouse, whereas the predominating color of amplus is ochraceous buff, and except in conditions of fresh new pelage there is scarcely any black. The pelage has a peculiar quality about it which baffles description, but which differs to a certain extent in having less gloss or luster than in most Osgood— Thirty New Mice of the Genus Peromyscus. 63 species. In this respect it approaches a similar condition frequently found in specimens of the melanophrys type. It is easily distinguished from melanophrys by the absence of any definite supraorbital ridge and by its larger audital bulle. Its relationship to difficilis is by no means remote, but its skull differs in the same respects as that of felipensis. Specimens examined.—Total number, 65, from localities in Mexico as follows: Oaxaca, Coixtlahuaca, 16, Marques, 5, Tamazulapam, 13; Puebla, Chalchicomula, 9; Tlaacala, Apixaco, 2; Vera Cruz, Maltrata, 5, Perote, 15. Peromyscus bullatus sp. nov. Type from Perote, Vera Cruz, Mexico. Adult female, No. 54,405, U.S. National Museum, Biological Survey Collection, June 3, 1893, E. W. Nelson and E. A. Goldman. Characters.—Related to P. true: and P. diffcilis ; audital bulle greatly inflated, larger than in any other known species of the genus; external ears very large; tail shorter than head and body. Color.—Very similar to that of P. truei, but richer, more tawny ; sides and ground color of upper parts tawny ochraceous; middle of back with considerable dusky producing a broccoli brown effect; top of head and nose broccoli brown; sides of head between base of ear and eye distinctly grayish; a narrow dusky orbital ring; under parts pure creamy white; feet white with a dusky patch on ankle; tail bicolor. Skull.—Similar in general to that of P. truei; smaller than in P. difficilis ; audital bulle very much inflated, actually as well as relatively larger than in any other known species of the genus; braincase rounded and some- what inflated, much as in trvei; interorbital constriction relatively wider than in difficilis ; nasals and palatine slits rather long; molar teeth large, actually larger than those of truet and nearly equalling those of difficilis. Measurements.—Type: Total length, 200; tail vertebree, 93 + ; hind foot, 23; ear from notch (measured dry), 25. Skull of type: Greatest length, 28.9; basilar length of Hensel, 22; zygomatic width, 14.5; interorbital constriction, 4.5; interparietal, 10x 3; nasals, 10.4; bony palate, 4.2; palatine slits, 5.8 x 2; diastema, 8.3; postpalatal length, 10; upper molar series, 4.3; greatest diameter of audital bulle, 6.5. _ Remarks.—The relationships of this rather remarkable mouse are clearly with P. truei and P. difficilis. Its short tail * and light color are sufficient to distinguish it from difficilis at a glance, and its enormous audital bulle separate it at once from truei. The external ears are also very large, slightly exceeding those of difficilis as well as of all other species. There is only the one specimen in the collection, in spite of the fact that its habitat is in the state of Vera Cruz, where reasonably thorough collecting has been done. * od *The tail of the type is not quite perfect, having lost the extreme tip, but it is very evident that it was naturally much shorter than that of difficilis. 7—Proc. Bron, Soc. Wasi. Vou. X VIT, 1904. 64 Osgood—Thirty New Mice of the Genus Peromyscus. Peromyscus spicilegus evides subsp. nov. Type from Juquila, Oaxaca, Mexico. Adult male, No. 71,426, U. S. National Museum, Biological Survey Collec tion, February 28, 1895, FE. W. Nelson and E. A. Goldman. Characters.—Color as in spicilegus except upper side of hind foot, which has a wedge-shaped dusky area extending from ankles nearly to base of toes; skull larger and heavier; teeth much larger. Color.—Upper parts rich tawny, very slightly mixed with dusky, the dusky somewhat concentrated medially; a narrow black orbital ring and small spot at base of whiskers; under parts creamy white with a small pectoral spot of tawny ; tail blackish above, white below ; forearm sooty to wrist, hands white; ankle and proximal half of foot sooty except on sides. Skull.—As in spicilegus but larger; molar teeth decidedly heavier. Measuremenis.—Average of 5 adult topotypes: Total length, 211; tail vertebree, 106; hind foot, 25. Skullof type: Greatest length, 29; basilar length of Hosaal: 22; zygomatic width, 14.4; interorbital constriction, 4.6; interparietal, 9.3 x 3.2; nasals, 11.5 pee palate, 4.7; palatine slits, 5.6; diastema, 17; vontraielal length, 9.1: upper molar series, 5. Remarks.— P. ‘pictbodus and closely related forms are represented in the Biological Survey Collection by a large number of specimens from nearly all the mountainous parts of Mexico. Among these there is much local and individual variation, and there seems to be no strongly marked ten- dency to differentiation into forms occupying general areas. The small series from Juquila are markedly larger than spicilegus, and this differ- ence in size is emphasized by the skull and teeth. A large series from Los Reyes, Michoacan, appears to be intermediate between spicilegus and evides. Peromyscus spicilegus simulus subsp. nov. - Type from San Blas, Tepic, Mexico. Adult male, No. 88,088, U. § National Museum, Biological Survey Collection, April 18, 1897, E. W. Nelson and E. A. Goldman. : Characters. Similar in general color to P. spicilegus ; skull smaller and 4 with decidedly shorter nasals. : Color.—About as in P. spicilegus ; general color of upper parts cinnamon _ : rufous with a darker dorsal area; under parts white, usually with a small rufous pectoral spot; feet white, ankles dusky; tail usually bicolor, but — sometimes not perfectly so. ' Skull. aiatiae Apc similar to Pieter: of spicilegus, but sie ag) and more | rather hee and raphe anteriorly ; molar teeth very small ; palate short. Osgood—Thirty New Mice of the Genus Peromyscus. 65 Measurements.—Average of 3 adult topotypes: Total length, 208; tail vertebrae, 111; hind foot, 28. Skull of type: Greatest length, 26.3; basilar length of Hensel, 20.3; zygomatic width, 14; interorbital con- striction, 4.1; nasals, 9.4; bony palate, 3.6; palatine slits, 5.6 x 2; dias- tema, 7; postpalatal length, 9.4; upper molar series, 3.8. Remarks.—P. spicilegus is essentially a mountain animal, and is not usually found except at considerable elevations. Apparently the form from the lowlands of Tepic is its only coast representative. This is well characterized by cranial characters, although it does not differ markedly in color, being possibly a shade darker, but in this respect easily within the variation of the typical form. Specimens from Plomosas, Sinaloa, though referable to spicilegus, show somé tendency toward simulus. Specimens examined.—Total number, 10, from localities in Mexico, as follows: Tepic, Navarrete, 2, Rosario, 2, San Blas, 6. Peromyscus melanophrys zamore subsp. nov. Type from Zamora, Michoacan, Mexico. Adult male, No. 120,288, U.S. National Museum, Biological Survey Collection, January 20, 1903, E. W. - Nelson and E. A. Goldman. Characters.—Similar to P. melanophrys, but averaging slightly larger and darker; a large tawny pectoral spot present ;* skull comparatively broad and heavy, teeth large. Color.—Similar in general to that of P. melanophrys, but apparently somewhat darker, the difference in this respect being very slight if any. Adults with a broad band of tawny across pectoral region between fore- legs. Upper side of tail more nearly black than in melanophrys. Skull.—Similar to that of melanophrys, but slightly larger and heavier ; braincase fuller and broader; audital bulle larger; supraorbital beads less trenchant and forming-ridges rather than shelves anteriorly ; molar teeth larger; other characters similar. . Measurements.—Type: Total length, 260; tail vertebre, 141; hind foot, 29. Average of 7 young adult topotypes: Total. length, 259; tail verte- bree, 144; hind foot, 28.4. Skull.—Two adults: Greatest length, 31.3-32; basilar length of Hensel, 25-25.9; zygomatic width, 16.5-16.9; nasals, 12-12; upper molar series, 4.7-4.8; palatine slits, 6.6 x 2.7-7 x 2.6. Remarks.—All the adult specimens of this form thus far examined have the tawny pectoral marking highly developed. The majority of the series from Zamora are adolescents and exceptionally dark. Even those * The constancy of this character may be doubted, as it is of such irreg- ular occurrence in this genus. In the present case, while not diagnostic, it seems to be a character of importance. Of 76 specimens of melanophrys and consobrinus, 4 only have pectoral spots, and these are small and in- distinct. Of 19 typical specimens of zamorz, all have well-marked pec- __ toral spots except 2 plumbeous young, which have only traces. 66 Osgood— Thirty New Mice of the Genus Peromyscus. that have not passed beyond the plumbeous juvenile pelage are decidedly darker than comparable specimens of typical melanophrys. Two adults, however, show only very slightly darker shades than melanophrys. Speci- mens from Zimapan, Hidalgo, are questionably referred to this form, but in cranial characters they approach consobrinus. Four specimens from Querendaro seem to be typical zamore. Specimens examined.—Total number, 43, from localities in Mexico as follows: Hidalgo, Zimapan, 24 (aberrant); Michoacan, Querendaro, 4; Zamora, 15. Peromyscus melanophrys consobrinus subsp. nov. Type from Berriozabal, Zacatecas, Mexico. Adult female, No. 79,626, U. S. National Museum, Biological Survey Collection, July 10, 1896, E. W. Nelson and E. A. Goldman. Characters.—Similar to P. melanophrys, but tail slightly shorter; skull with larger audital bulle and other slight peculiarities. Geographic distribution.—Southern part of Mexican tableland in the Sonoran zone. Color.—As in melanophrys. Topotype No. 58,028, in full winter pelage (Dee. ), has the upper parts and sides tawny ochraceous thickly lined with black to the edge of a narrow tawny lateral line; orbital ring black, sharply contrasting with a grayish area about it which extends from the base of the whiskers around the eye to the anterior base of the ear ; under parts creamy white with a very small tawny pectoral spot; tail bicolor, white below, dusky above; feet creamy white, ankles dusky. Skull.—Similar to that of melanophrys but somewhat shorter; nasals shorter and slightly broader; auditai bulle larger; braincase more bulg- ing and less elongate. Measurements.—T ype: Total length, 250; tail vertebrae, 131; hind foot, 26.5. Average of 5 adult topotypes: Total length, 256; tail vertebra, 135; hind foot, 27.5. Skull of type: Greatest length, 30.8 ; basilar length of Hensel, 25.3; zygomatic width, 16.3; interorbital constriction, 4.9; nasals, 11.1; upper molar series, 4.7; palatine slits, 6.6 x 2.5; bony palate, 4.4. Remarks.—This is not a strongly marked subspecies, but its characters, such as they are, have great constancy throughout its range. It is appar- ently the form of the Mexican tableland, but its distribution may be con- tinuous with that of zamorx and thence with true melanophrys. Specimens from Zimapan, Hidalgo, appear to approach consobrinus in cranial char- acters but retain the coloration of zamore. Specimens examined.—Total number 22 from localities in Mexico as follows: Aguas Calientes, Chicalote, 1; Guanajuato, Silao, 3; Jalisco, Colot- lan, 1; San Luis Potosi, Ahualulco, 1, Hacienda La Parada, 3; Zacatecas, Berriozabal, 12, Monte Escobedo, 1. Osgood— Thirty New Mice of the Genus Peromyscus. 67 Peromyscus xenurus sp. nov. Type from Durango, Durango, Mexico. Adult female, No. 94,518, U.S. National Museum, Biological Survey Collection, July 1, 1898, E. W. Nel- son and E. A. Goldman. Characters.—Similar in size and proportions to P. melanophrys ; ground color more nearly fawn than tawny; pectoral spot well developed; tail black except a narrow ventral line of white; hind feet clouded with dusky. Color.—Type, in fresh pelage except on rump: Ground color of upper parts grayish fawn color, gradually becoming more grayish anteriorly, so that with the strong mixture of black through it all the effect from the middle of the back forward passes from mixed fawn color through drab to hair brown; the rump, which is still in worn pelage, is fawn color; lower cheeks bright fawn color blending with gray, which covers most of the face from the base of the ears forward to the nose; under parts white except patch of bright fawn color extending from bases of forelegs across breast; hind feet clouded with dusky brown to base of toes, which are creamy white; tail black all around except a narrow stripe of white on the under side occupying scarcely more than one-fifth of the entire surface of the tail except distally, where, the diameter of the tail being very slight, it nearly covers the under side. Skull.—Similar in general to that of P. m. consobrinus ; nasals noticeably shorter; anterior palatine foramina shorter; postpalatal notch shorter and wider. Measurements.—The ty pe and one adult topotype: Total length, 246-248 ; tail vertebrae, 142-140; hind foot, 28-28. Skull: Greatest length, 30 basilar length of Hensel, 23.8; zygomatic width, 115.5; interorbital width, 4.9; nasals, 10.2; upper molar series, 4.9; palatine slits, 5.7 x 2.3. Remarks.—This species is easily distinguished from any other of the melanophrys group by the combination of large pectoral spot, dusky hind feet, and peculiar tail with only a narrow line of white on the under side instead of the usual equal division of the light and dark. It is the north- ernmost form of the melanophrys group, and at present is only known from two specimens from one locality, so there is doubtless much to be learned in regard to its distribution. Peromyscus zelotes sp. nov. Type from Querendaro, Michoacan, Mexico.- Old female, No. 50,430, U.S. National Museum, Biological Survey Collection, August 8, 1892, E. W. Nelson. Characters.—Size about the same as P. levipes (hind foot, 23); tail slightly longer than head and body; ears relatively about same size as in melanophrys ; color almost exactly as in P. melanophrys; skull similar in general to that of P. melanophrys but much smaller. 68 Osgood— Thirty New Mice of the Genus Peromyscus. Color.—Similar to that of P. melanophrys, but facial region more suffused with tawny and the gray very much reduced; somewhat similar to P. levipes but paler throughout ; no trace of a pectoral spot. Skull.—Similar in general to that of P. melanophrys but much smaller ; audital bull slightly smaller; nasals shorter, interorbital space relatively wider; supraorbital beads obsolete; postpalatal notch narrow. Measurements.—Type (old Q): Total length, 218; tail vertebree, 115; hind foot, 23. Skull: Greatest length, 28.3; basilar length of Hensel, 21.6; zygomatic width, 14.2; interorbital width, 4.9; nasals, 10.6; upper molar series, 4.6; palatine slits, 5.6 x 2.4. Remarks.—This species appears to be closely related cranially to P. melanophrys, but differs markedly from the other forms of the group in its small feet and short tail. It requires no serious comparison with P. levipes, which has a widely different skull, with low shallow brain- case, posteriorly compressed nasals, small bulle, etc. Besides three from the type locality, one rather imperfect specimen from Tula, Hidalgo, seems referable to zelotes. It is somewhat brighter colored and differs slightly in cranial characters. Peromyscus banderanus vicinior subsp. nov. Type from La Salada, Michoacan, Mexico. Adult male, No. 126,503, U.S. National Museum, Biological Survey Collection, March 23, 1903, E. W. Nelson and E. A. Goldman. Distribution.—Known from three localities in the State of Michoacan to the eastward of the range of typical P. banderanus. Characters.—Darker than P. banderanus ; skull narrower and anterior palatine foramina differently shaped ; otherwise similar. Oolor.—Slightly darker and more vinaceous than in banderanus in worn or summer pelage; decidedly darker in winter pelage, with a definite dusky median dorsal area; markings about eyes, whiskers, and ankles, sooty black instead of brown as in banderanus; upper side of tail sooty instead of brownish. Skull.—Similar to that of banderanus, but braincase averaging slightly narrower ; anterior palatine foramina more nearly elliptical, being widest in the middle and narrowing toward each end. Measuremenis.—Ty pe: Totallength, 216; tail vertebree, 107; hind foot, 27. Average of 3 young adults from La Huacana, Michoacan, 233; 117; 24.5. Skulls of two adults: * Greatest length, 31-32; basilar length of . Hensel, 23.3-24.1; zygomatic width, 14.3-14; interorbital width, 5-4.8; nasals, 11.8-12.4; interparietal, 3.7 x 10.2-4.5 x 10.2; upper molar series, 4.6-4.4; palatine slits, 6 x 2.3-5.8 x 2.3. Remarks.—This is an interior form of banderanus, only slightly charac- terized but not entirely negligible. Two specimens taken in February at Los Reyes, Michoacan, present the fullest and newest pelage and show a * Measurements mentioned first are those of the type. od Wi ah tala Zi ‘ i og sa f Pe rel Mi tne Rea tral NERA cee ie Ee Ady Osgood—Thirty New Mice of the Genus Peromyscus. 69 considerable departure from typical banderanus. The small series from La Salada have uniformly narrow skulls, noticeably narrower than in banderanus, but specimens from Los Reyes and La Huacana indicate that this isnotastablecharacter. It seems, however, to be worth mentioning. Specimens examined.—Total number, 15, from localities in Mexico as fol- lows: Guerrero, Acahuizoftla, 3; Michoacan, La Huacana, 4, La Salada, 6, Los Reyes, 2. Peromyscus banderanus angelensis sp. nov. Type from Puerto Angel, Oaxaca, Mexico. Adult female, No. 71,442, U. S. National Museum, Biological Survey Collection, March 13, 1895, Kk. W. Nelson and E. A. Goldman. Characters.—Similar to typical P. banderanus, but slightly larger; skull with supraorbital bead nearly obsolete instead of being well developed. Color.—Almost exactly as in P. banderanus ; possibly averaging a trifle darker. Skull.—Larger than in banderanus; braincase less elongate and inter parietal shorter; nasals longer; supraorbital edges reduced to simple shelves, much as in P. melanophrys, without an elevated bead bounded by a sulcus on the inner side; molar teeth slightly larger than in bander- anus ; audital bulle about as in banderanus and aztecus, much smaller than in melanophrys. Measurements.—Type: Total length, 235; tail vertebree, 123; hind foot, 26.5. Average of 7 adult topotypes, 235 (222-258); 120 (112-128); 27 (26.5-28). Skull.—Two adults: Greatest length, 31.3%*-33.4; basilar length of Hensel, 23.4-24.9; zygomatic width, 15-15.4; interorbital width, 5.2-5; nasals, 11.7-12.8; interparietal, 3.6 x 10.6-3.4 x 11.2; upper molar series, +.6-4.6; palatine slits, 6 x 2.4-5.7 x 2.4. Remarks.—The naked soles of this form decide its affinities with ban- deranus, and its color is also in accord, but its skull with the supraorbital beads nearly obliterated suggests that of P. aztecus. Close examination of detailed characters of the skull, however, leaves scarcely any room for doubt that its proper position is with banderanus. Specimens examined.—Total number, 22; 20 from the type locality and 2 from Pluma, Oaxaca. Peromyscus mexicanus teapensis subsp. nov. 4 Type from Teapa, Tabasco, Mexico. Adult female, No. 100,022, U. S. National Museum, Biological Survey Collection, March 25, 1900, E. W. Nelson and E. A. Goldman. Characters.—Similar to P. m. totontepecus, but sides brighter and more contrasted with dark area in middle of back ; skull with thicker, heavier rostral region. * Measurements mentioned first are those of the type. 70 Osgood—Thirty New Mice of the Genus Peromyscus. Color.—Type: Sides rich chestnut shading into a well-defined blackish area in median dorsal region; a narrow black orbital ring and spot at base of whiskers; under parts slate color overlaid with creamy white (no pectoral spot in type, but of frequent occurrence among series of topo- types); tail black except a few irregular spots of yellowish white on under side; fore feet white; hind feet white except a dark brown area extending, and decreasing in width, from ankles down nearly to base of toes. Skull.—Similar to that of totontepecus, but with broader nasals and gener- ally heavier and more thickened rostral region; anterior palatine for- amina usually wider; infraorbital part of zygoma rather heavier than in totontepecus, but not squarely ‘elbowed’ as in mexicanus ; teeth about as in lolontepecus, wider and heavier than in mexicanus. Measurements.—Average of 10 adults from the type locality: Total length, 245 (234-254) ; tail vertebree, 129 (121-136) ; hind foot, 28 (27-28.5). Skull of type: Greatest length, 33; basilar length of Hensel, 24.6; zygomatic width, 16.2; nasals, 12.7; interorbital constriction, 5.4; pala- tine slits, 6x 2.9; upper molar series, 4.5; bony palate, 4.7; diastema, 8.2; postpalatal length, 11.9. Remarks.—Represented by a series of 17 specimens containing a good percentage of aduits and showing very little variation. Two specimens from Montecristo, Tabasco, are decidedly paler, much as in true meai- canus. The form is not strongly marked, but ranks well with the others of the same group, which is a difficult one. The vicinity of Teapa, visited by Nelson and Goldman in the spring of 1900, is already well known for the dark, rich color of the animals found there. The pres- ent subspecies is no exception. Peromyscus yucatanicus badius subsp. nov. Type from Apazote, Campeche, Mexico. Adult female, No. 108,016, U.S. National Museum, Biological Survey Collection, December 28, 1900, E. W. Nelson and E. A. Goldman. Characters.—Similar to P. yucatanicus but darker colored. Color.—Decidedly darker than P. yucatanicus, having a median dorsal area with a strong admixture of black and more or less black on the sides except a narrow lateral line which is cinnamon rufous like the general ground color; under parts faintly suffused with yellow; a narrow black orbital ring; hairs of tail blackish brown above, white below; under side of tail beneath hairs chiefly yellowish white, but somewhat irregularly blotched with dusky ; feet white. Skull.—As in P. yucatanicus. Measurements.—Average of 10 topotypes: Total length, 193.4; tail vertebree, 96.7; hind foot, 23.5. Skull of type: Greatest length, 28.2; basilar length of Hensel, 20.7; zygomatic width, 14.1 ; interorbital con- striction, 4.7; interparietal, 9.2 x 3.1; nasals, 10.4; bony palate, 4.2; Se ee ee ay ee ae pa es SL ee oe NENG I SeORee AER y at RE Osgood— Thirty New Mice of the Genus Peromyscus. id: palatine slits, 5.3x 2.2; diastema, 7; postpalatal length, 9.9; upper molar series, 4.1. Remarks.—This slight form doubtless owes its dark color to its habitat in a more humid region than that of true yucatanicus. Its range is probably limited to the region of the base of the peninsula of Yucatan, as its nearest relatives known from west of that region are the larger and quite different forms of the mexicanus group. Specimens examined.—Total number 19, all from the type locality. Peromyscus allophylus sp. nov. Type from Huehuetan, Chiapas, Mexico. Adult female, No. 77,657, U.S. National Museum, Biological Survey Collection, February 21, 1896, E. W. Nelson and EK. A. Goldman. Characters.—Size medium (hind foot 25); tail shorter than head and body; ears moderate, scantily haired ; coloration dark ; tail dusky black- ish, unicolor, covered with small imbricate scales, much as in Oryzomys ; proximal third of soles of hind feet finely haired ; skull rather long and narrow; teeth very small. Color.—Sides mummy brown, deepening toward middle of back, causing a rather distinct median dorsal line of blackish brown ; under parts yellow- ish white over slate-color, the latter showing through; tail dusky black- ish, unicolor; a black orbital ring and antorbital spot; feet whitish, scantily haired; ankles dusky. Skull.—Rather long and narrow; braincase elevated; infraorbital notch . scarcely evident; nasals rather short, slightly exceeded by premaxille ; no supraorbital ridge; palatine foramina rather large, longer than bony palate ; audital bulle small, smaller than in aztecus or mexicanus ; molar teeth very small; interparietal small. Measurements —Type: Total length, 202; tail vertebrz, 95; hind foot, 25. Skull: Greatest length, 29.8; basilar length of Hensel, 22.5; zygo- matic width, 14.5; interorbital constriction, 5; nasals, 11; bony palate, 4 ; palatine slits, 6 x 2.4; diastema, 8.2; postpalatal length, 10.5; upper molar series, 4. Remarks.—It is difficult to be certain what are the affinities of this pe- culiar species. But for the size of its ears and shortness of its tail, it might well pass for an Oryzomys of the O. chapmani group. Its dark, scaly tail immediately suggests Oryzomys, and the character and color of its pelage bear out the resemblance. Its skull, however, is that of an ordinary type of Peromyscus without any striking characters. It seems probable that its closest relationship is with the mexicanus group, though it might easily be a northern member of some Central American group not yet known. It agrees in some respects with the description of P. gymnotis Thomas, from Guatemala. Another species from southern Chiapas agrees with this description much more closely, however, and for present purposes has been assumed to be identical with true gymnotis. 8—Proc. Bion. Soc. Wasx. Von. XVII, 1904. 72 Osgood—Thirty New Mice of the Genus Peromyscus. Peromyscus lophurus sp. nov. Type from Todos Santos, Guatemala. Adult male, No. 77,219, U. 8. National Museum, Biological Survey Collection, December 30, 1895, E. W. Nelson and E. A. Goldman. Characters.—Most similar to P. lepturus, but smaller and paler; tail long and covered with comparatively long soft hairs, and terminating in a distinct pencil ; pelage soft and ‘ woolly’ and rather dull and lusterless ; skull with large interparietal and short nasals. Color.—Type: General effect of upper parts between wood brown and fawn color, with a small dusky area in middle of back; lateral line pale ochraceous buff; under parts white; no pectoral spot; tail sepia brown, unicolor; forearm dusky to wrist, fore feet white; hind feet dusky brownish to base of toes; toes white; orbital ring dusky black, rather narrow, but expanded into a distinct spot in front of eye. Skull.—Similar to that of lepturus, but smaller and with rostral part decidedly shorter; molar teeth actually. about same size, relatively larger ; interparietal very large. Compared to that of P. levipes, the skull of lophurus is shorter, with shorter nasals and heavier infraorbital region ; the teeth are decidedly heavier and longer and the interparietal larger. Measurements.—Average of 4 adult topotypes: Total length, 208; tail vertebra, 105; hind foot, 24.5; ear from notch, 16. Skull of type: Greatest length, 27.5; basilar length of Hensel, 20.8; zygomatic width, 14.7; interorbital constriction, 4.3; interparietal, 10 x 4.5; nasals, 10; bony palate, 4; palatine slits, 5.4 x 2; diastema, 6.5; postpalatal length, 9.6; upper molar series, 4.7. : Remarks.—This very distinct species may be easily recognized by its crested tail and usually by the absence of white on the under side of the tail. All the specimens from Todos Santos have unicolor tails, but 2 from Calel are quite distinctly bicolor, and among 4 from San Cristobal, 2 have unicolor and 2 imperfectly bicolor tails, indicating that this character is not invariable. The character of the pelage differs somewhat from most of the smaller species of Peromyscus in being dull and soft without the usual gloss, and although rather short it is fine and slightly ‘ woolly.’ Specimens examined.—Tota! number, 15, from localities as follows: Pinabete, Chiapas, Mexico, 5; San Cristobal, Chiapas, Mexico, 4; Calel, Guatemala, 2; Todos Santos, Guatemala, 6. Peromyscus simulatus gp. nov. Type from Jico, Vera Cruz, Mexico (altitude 6000 feet). No. 55,028, 4 U. S. National Museum, Biological Survey Collection, July 12, 1893, — E. W. Nelson. Characters.—A miniature of P. léphurus (hind foot 21); dark markings: lightly more intense ; skull and teeth very small; tail clothed with long, soft hairs and crested as in lophurus ; audital bulle relatively large. Osgood— Thirty New Mice of the Genus Peromyscus. 73 Color.—Almost exactly as in P. lophurus; dark markings of feet and face slightly more intense; tail chiefly brown, but with a narrow line of white on under side. Skull.—Size very small; similar in general to that of P. lophurus, but with more inflated braincase and depressed rostrum ; audital bulle rela- tively larger; interorbital constriction relatively wider; teeth very small. Measurements.—Type: Total length, 169; tail vertebree, 87; hind foot, 21; ear from notch, 14.3. Skull: Greatest length, 24.4; basilar length of Hensel, 18; zygomatic width, 12.5; interorbital constriction, 4.3; in- terparietal, 8.2 x 3; nasals, 9; bony palate, 3.5; palatine slits, 4.6 x 1.7; diastema, 6; postpalatal-length, 8; upper molar series, 8.9. Remarks.—This small species is not closely related to any known spe- cies except P. lophurus, of which it is almost an exact miniature. Its skull is even smaller than that of P. melanotis, which occurs in the same region. It has, however, no relationship whatever to melanotis. Its small size, crested tail, and dark brown feet are amply sufficient to dis- tinguish it from all other known species. Peromyscus melanocarpus sp. nov. Type from Mount Zempoaltepec, Oaxaca, Mexico (altitude 8000 feet). Young adult, No. 68,610, U. S. National Museum, Biological Survey Col- lection, July 8, 1894, E. W. Nelson and E. A. Goldman. Characters.—Similar to P. megalops, but smaller and darker colored ; hind feet slightly darker; fore feet decidedly more so, the blackish ex- tending to base of digits; tail usually dusky all around or with only traces of paleness beneath; pelage long and soft. Color.—Ad. 3 No. 68,627, July 17: General effect of upper parts dark blackish mummy brown, slightly darker along middle of back; actual color of subterminal zone of hairs cinnamon rufous, which is almost lost in the general effect by the many black-tipped hairsand the dark plum- beous undercolor which shows through the thin subterminal zone; under parts deep blackish slate washed with creamy white, producing an effect which varies from olive gray to slate gray ; pectoral region usually rich cinnamon rufous; an intense black line extending from nostrils through base of whiskers and eye; tail covered with short, bristly, blackish hairs scarcely paler below than above; scales of tail usually dusky all around, sometimes with slight irregular patches of paler; fore and hind feet dusky brownish to base of toes. Skull—Apparently very similar to that of megalops; nasals slightly shorter and more compressed posteriorly; superficially similar to toton- tepecus, but differing as follows: nasals shorter and nearly always ending in advance of the orbits about on a plane with the infraorbital foramen ; frontal wider and with decidedly greater development of supraorbital shelves ; braincase wider; anterior palatine foramina much longer ; molar teeth larger. 74 Osgood—Thirty New Mice of the Genus Peromyscus. Measurements.—Ty pe (not quite adult): Total length, 241; tail vertebre, 125; hind foot, 27. Ad. o' from Totontepec, Oaxaca: 262; 132; 30. Skull of type: Greatest length, 31.6; basilar length of Hensel, 24.3; zygomatic width, 15.2; nasals, 12; interorbital constriction, 5.4; pala- tine slits, 7.3; upper molar series, 5. Remarks.—This mountain species is about the size of P. m. tolontepecus, with which it ranges to some extent, but is much more closely related to megalops and auritus, as indicated by its cranial characters and its more bristly tail. Its most diagnostic character, however, is the extent of dusky brownish on the fore feet, which is almost unique. In some specimens the ends of the toes and the outer side of the metacarpus are the only parts not occupied by the dark color. The pelage is long and lax like that of many other mountain forms. The type was taken at 8000 feet altitude. Five additional specimens from Totontepec on the north slope of the same mountain at 6500 feet altitude are also in the col- lection. P. lepturus, which also occurs on Mt. Zempoaltepec, is smaller than melanocarpus and differs in numerous cranial characters, among the most obvious of which are: Braincase smaller and narrower. interorbital constriction narrower, nasals shorter, supraorbital beads less developed. e Peromyscus altilaneus sp. nov. Type from Todos Santos, Guatemala (altitude 10,000 feet). Adult male, No. 76,856, U. S. National Museum, Biological Survey Collection, Decem- ber 30, 1895, E. W. Nelson and E. A. Goldman. Characters.—Similar to P. melanocarpus, but smaller and with shorter and less hairy tail; fore feet entirely white; hind feet with much more white than in melanocarpus ; skull slightly smaller and more slender; similar to guatemalensis but much smaller. Color.—As in melanocarpus, but tail blotched with yellowish white below, much as in mexicanus; fore feet and part of forearm white; hind foot with a V-shaped dusky mark extending from ankle about half way to the base of the toes, remainder of foot white; pectoral spot strongly developed in type. Skull. Similar to that of melanocarpus, but slightly smaller throughout ; nasals relatively more expanded anteriorly ; braincase slightly higher and more inflated and rostral region more depressed ; anterior palatine foram- ina shorter; infraorbital plate very narrow. Measurements.—Type: Total length, 228; tail vertebrae, 115; hind foot, 28. Skull: Greatest length, 31; basilar length of Hensel, 24; zygomatic width, 14.6; interorbital constriction, 5; nasals, 11.5; bony palate, 4.8; palatine slits, 6 x 2.7; diastema, 8.2; postpalatal length, 11.2; upper molar series, 4.6. Remarks.—The type of this species is the only specimen known at pres- ent. Its only close relationship is with P. melanocarpus, to which it is very similar except in regard to the color of the wrists and fore feet. From P. lepturus it differs in darker color, strongly developed pectoral Osgood—Thirty New Mice of the Genus Peromyscus. 75 spot, shorter, less hairy tail, and in the following cranial characters : Parietals larger and wider, with suggestions of a bead at orbital edges ; braincase more inflated ; infraorbital plate much narrower ; audital bulle smaller; teeth smaller. It resembles guatemalensis superficially, but is so decidedly smaller as to require no serious comparison with that species. Subgenus Haplomylomys Osgood. Peromyscus goldmani sp. nov. Type from Alamos, Sonora, Mexico. Adult female, No. 96,340, U. S. National Museum, Biological Survey Collection, December 19, 1898, E. A. Goldman. Characters.—Similar in general to P. eremicus anthonyi ; size larger (hind foot 24 in type); pelage somewhat coarser; color more fulvous and more uniform; heel slightly hairy; tail long and cylindrical, covered with short hairs; skull relatively heavy and rather elongate. Color.—Entire upper partsand sides ochraceous buff finely mixed with black, much darker and richer than in anthonyi and without the grayish cast usually so characteristic of the eremicus group; under parts creamy white with a small ochraceous buff pectoral spot. Skull.—Larger, longer, and narrower than in eremicus or anthonyi ; brain- case relatively much narrower; nasals longer and more compressed pos- teriorly; interorbital constriction narrow; bony palate rather short. Measurements.—Type: Total length, 217; tail vertebre, 117; hind foot, 24. Skull of type: Greatest length, 27.3; basilar length of Hensel, 21.1; zygomatic width, 14.2; interorbital constriction, 4; interparietal, 8.6 x 3.2; nasals, 9.6; bony palate, 4.2; palatine slits, 5 x 2.1; diastema, 6.6; postpalatal length, 10; upper molar series, 4. Remarks.—The color of this species is more like that of P. spicilegus than P. e. anthonyi, but its skull and teeth show it to be a member of the eremicus group. Peromyscus eremicus phzeurus subsp. nov. Type from Hacienda La Parada, San Luis Potosi, Mexico. Adult female, No. 50,488, U. S. National Museum, Biological Survey Collection, August 20, 1892, E. W. Nelson. Geographic distribution.—Middle portion of the Mexican tableland in the States of San Luis Potosi, Zacatecas, and Nuevo Leon. General characters.—Similar to P. eremicus but darker, with tail uniform blackish brown above and below instead of decidedly bicolor as in eremicus or indistinctly bicolor as in some specimens of P. e. anthonyi. Color.—Similar in general to eremicus, but shades of buff deeper and entire upper parts much more heavily mixed with black; under parts except tail white; pectoral spot not present; tail blackish brown above and below, this most evident in winter pelage, when the hairiness of the tail is best developed ; feet white, ankles dusky. 76 Osgood—Thirty New Mice of the Genus Peromyscus. Skull.—Practically as in eremicus and anthony. Measurements.—Average of 9 adults: Total length, 189 (176-195); tail vertebree, 98 (92-103); hind foot, 21. Remarks.—This form is the southernmost representative of the eremicus group. Its range is practically continuous with that of eremicus, which extends from west Texas down through Chihuahua, but it is cut off by mountain ranges from anthonyi, which, curiously, it most closely resem- bles. The extreme form of anthonyi from southern Sonora occasionally has the distal third of the tail black all around, and thus very much re- sembles pheurus. This is probably an accidental parallelism, as is also shown by some specimens of fraterculus which are strikingly like anthonyi, although there is even greater isolation in this case. Specimens examined.—Total number, 27, from localities in Mexico, as follows: Coahuila, Sabinas 2, Saltillo 2; San Luis Potosi, Ahualuleo, 2, Hacienda la Parada, 7, Jesus Maria, 7; Nuevo Leon, Doctor Arroyo, 5; Zacatecas, Canitas, 2. Subgenus Baiomys True. Peromyscus musculus nigrescens subsp. nov. Type from Valley of Comitan, Chiapas, Mexico. Adult female, No. 76,827, U. S. National Museum, Biological Survey Collection, December 9, 1895, E. W. Nelson and E. A. Goldman. Characters.—Similar to P. musculus and P. m. brunneus, but darker and more sooty; skull slightly characterized. Color—Upper parts mixed vandyke brown and sooty blackish, slightly more sooty on middle of back ; under parts cream buff, to roots of hairs in middle of belly, on tips only at sides; tail dusky above, paler below. Skull.—Slightly smaller and more elongate than in P. musculus and P.m., brunneus ; braincase narrower ; rostrum longer; palatine slits longer and bony palate correspondingly shorter; interorbital space narrower. Measurements.—A verage of 10 adult topotypes: Total length, 115.4 (113-120); tail vertebree, 43 (40-45); hind foot, 15 (14.5-16). Skull of type: Greatest length, 20.1; basilar length of Hensel, 15.2; zygomatic width, 10.5; interorbital constriction, 3.4; nasals, 8; interparietal, 6.4 x 2.1; palatine slits, 4.3; bony palate, 2.8; upper molar series, 3.2. Remarks.—This very dark-colored mouse is represented by large num- bers of specimens from southern Oaxaca, Chiapas, and parts of Guatemala- Peromyscus allex sp. nov. Type from Colima, Colima, Mexico. Adult female, No. 2342$, U. S. — National Museum, Biological Survey Collection, March 7, 1892, E. W.” Nelson. Characters.—Color as in P. musculus ; size decidedly smaller; skull 3 small, light, and slender. Color.—Exactly as in P. musculus. Seek fale Le x eS Set ae ee ee de Se aa emat errgery ni rain 2 a beat Osgood— Thirty New Mice of the Genus Peromyscus. 77 Skull.—About equal in size to that of P. taylori ; braincase narrower and more elongate; decidedly smaller than in P. musculus : nasals very short ; audital bulle very small; molar teeth small. Measurements.—Type: Total length, 113; tail vertebre, 47; hind foot, 14; ear from notch (dry), 9.7. Average of 6 topotypes: 104; 44; 13.4. Skull of type: Greatest length, 18.4; basilar length of Hensel, 14.6; zygomatic width, 9.6; interorbital constriction, 3.2; nasals, 6.3; inter- parietal, 5.5 x 1.3; palatine slits, 3.7 ; bony palate, 3; upper molar series, 3. Remarks.—This diminutive species occurs with P. musculus at Colima, the type locality, and at other localities in western Mexico. It is repre- sented chiefly from the States of Colima and Jalisco, but its range has not been thoroughly worked out and it seems quite possible that it may be found over a considerable area. Apparently it is closely related to P. paulus,* the description of which indicates an animal of about the same size but of different color. *Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., XIX, pp. 598-595, November 12, 1903. VoL. XVII, PP. 79-82 MARCH 21, 1904 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON DESCRIPTIONS OF FIVE NEW MAMMAIS FROM MEXICO. BY E. A. GOLDMAN. The mammals described below were collected by E. W. Nelson and myself in the course of field work for the Biological Survey in southern Mexico. The wood rats all belong to the ferruginea * group, of which Neotoma tenuicauda is also a member. The Tiomys is an additional species of the pictus group. For the opportunity to describe these new forms I am indebted to Dr. C. Hart Merriam, under whose supervision the field work has been carried on. Neotoma picta sp. nov. Type from mountains near Chilpancingo, Guerrero, Mexico (altitude, 10,000 feet). Adult male, No. 70,050, U. S. National Museum, Biological Survey Collection, December 20, 1894, E. W. Nelson and E. A. Goldman. Original number 7179. Characters.—Size medium; color rich orange-rufous to ferruginous of Ridgway; tail long and slender, covered with short hairs; ears rather small. Closely related to N. tenuicauda but slightly larger; color very much brighter. Somewhat similar to N. ferruginea, but smaller and brighter colored ; outer sides of forearms and hind legs not dusky as in N. ferruginea. Color.—Type: Ground color of upper parts rich orange-rufous (vary- ing in some specimens to ferruginous) of Ridgway, brightest on cheeks, shoulders, and along sides, darkened on face, top of head, and along back *Specimens from Volcan Santa Maria, Guatemala, which agree well with the original description of Neotoma ferruginea, have been assumed to be nearly typical and used for comparison. 9—Proc. Brot. Soc. Wasu. Vou. XVII, 1904 | (79) 80 Goldman—Descriptions of Five New Mammals from Mexico. by a rather abundant sprinkling of black-tipped hairs ; under parts nearly pure white (in some specimens suffused with salmon), the plumbeous basal color showing through indistinctly; axille orange-rufous; ears covered with short dusky hairs; tail indistinctly bicolor (occasionally concolor), dusky above, paler below; fore feet vellowish white; hind feet to toes irregularly clouded with dusky or pale fulvous, the toes white. Skull.-The skull indicates close relationship to N. tenuicauda, but is slightly larger and the nasals are longer. Compared with N. ferruginea, the skull is smaller, with narrower frontal region. Measurements.—Type: Total length, 368 ; tail vertebree, 180; hind foot, 37. Average of eight adult females from the type locality: Total length, 344 (338-355) ; tail vertebree, 170 (166-182) ; hind foot, 34 (33-35.5). Skull of type: Greatest length, 43.3; basilar length of Hensel, 35; zygomatic breadth, 23; length of nasals, 17.4; interorbital breadth, 5; palatal length, 8.6; diastema, 11.9; upper molar series on alveolus, 8.7. Specimens examined.—Total number, 31, all from the State of Guerrero, as follows: Mountains near Chilpancingo (type locality), 16; Omilteme, 15. Remarks.—Neotoma picta appears to be more closely related to N. tenui- cauda than to any other known form, but its remarkable color is alone sufficient to distinguish it from that species. Neotoma isthmica sp. nov. Type from Huilotepec, 8 miles south of Tehuantepec, Oaxaca, Mexico (altitude, 100 feet). Adult female, No. 73,187, U. S. National Museum, Biological Survey Collection, May 5, 1895, E. W. Nelson and E. A. Gold- man. Original number 7843. Characters.—Size rather large; color orange-rufous to ferruginous; tail long, moderately stout, thinly haired and coarsely scaly ; ears medium. Similar to N. ferruginea, but much brighter colored and without dusky forearms and hind legs; skull narrower and heavier. In color closely resembling N. picta, but larger, with stouter, more coarsely scaly tail, and differing in cranial characters. Color.—Type (in worn pelage) : Upper parts in general between orange- rufous and ferruginous of Ridgway, fading to grayish fulvous on outer sides of forearms and hind legs; face, top of head, and back thinly sprin- kled with blackish hairs; under parts, including upper lip, lower sides of face, and inuer sides of fore and hind legs, soiled white; tail indistinctly bicolor, brownish above, paler below; fore feet pure white; hind feet to toes clouded with dusky (in some specimens pure white), the toes white. Skull.—Similar to that of N. ferruginea but narrower, heavier, and more arched across anterior roots of zygomata. Compared with N. picta the skull is larger, longer, heavier, relatively narrower, and more arched across anterior roots of zygomata; frontal region flatter posteriorly ; braincase less smoothly rounded. Measurements.—Ty pe: Total length, 395; tail vertebrae, 198; hind foot, 38, Average of nine adult males and females from the type locality: Beh) aes CF ee mr ot as EDO any meee Goldman— Descriptions of Five New Mammals from Mexico. 81 Total length, 368 (355-590) ; tail vertebree, 182 (166-198) ; hind foot, 37 (35-39). Skull of type: Greatest length, 48.4; basilar length of Hensel, 38.4; zygomatic breadth, 23.7; length of nasals, 19; interorbital breadth, 6.2; palatal length, 8.3; diastema, 12.9; upper molar series on alveolus, 9. Specimens examined.—Total number, 19, all from the state of Oaxaca, as follows: Huilotepec (type locality), 16; Juchitan, 3. Neotoma parvidens sp. nov. Type from Juquila, Oaxaca, Mexico (altitude, 5000 feet). Adult female, No. 71,586, U. S. National Museum, Biological Survey Collection, Feb- ruary 27, 1895, E. W. Nelson and E. A. Goldman. Original number 7587. Characters.—Size very small; color ferruginous; tail rather short and slender, covered with short hairs; earssmall. Closely resembling JN. picta in color but very much smaller; skull smaller and lighter, with narrower nasals and smaller teeth. Color.—Upper parts ferruginous (varying along sides in some specimens to orange-rufous) of Ridgway, becoming brownish fulvous over outer sides of forearms and hind legs; face, top of head, and back (in some specimens the sides also) rather thickly sprinkled with black-tipped hairs ; underparts, including upper lip and part of cheeks, nearly pure white, the plumbeous basal color showing through indistinctly ; axille orange- rufous ; ears covered with short dusky hairs; tail dusky above, paler below ; fore feet and toes of hind feet yellowish white; hind feet to toes irregularly clouded with dusky (in two out of five specimens, pure white). Skull.—Similar in general form to that of NV. tenuicauda, but smaller, lighter, and usually more arched ; interorbital breadth relatively greater ; rostrum usually more decurved, nasals narrower and more wedge-shaped ; teeth relatively much smaller. Measurements.—Type: Total length, 295; tail vertebrae, 141; hind foot, 31. Average of five adult males and females from the type locality : Total length 300 (282-317); tai! vertebree, 149 (141-157); hind foot, 31 (30-32). Skull of type: Greatest length, 40.5; basilar length of Hensel, 32.5; zygomatic breadth, 20.7; length of nasals, 15.2; interorbital -breadth, 5.3; palatal length, 7.3; diastema, 11.3; upper molar series on alvelous, 7.4. Specimens examined.—Five, all from the type locality. Neotoma tropicalis sp. nov. Type from Totontepec, Oaxaca, Mexico (altitude, 6500 feet). Adult male No. 68,593, U.S. National Museum, Biological Survey Collection, July 17, 1894, E. W. Nelson and E. A. Goldman. Original number 6468. Characters.—Size small; tail rather short, slender, and thinly haired ; ears rather small. In color closely resembling N. tenuicauda but brown- ish of upper parts encroaching on under parts; skull somewhat similar 82. Goldman—Descriptions of Five New Mammals from Mexico. to that of N. tenuicauda, but nasals longer and narrower and premaxillee longer. Color.— Upper parts dark brown, becoming brownish fulvous on cheeks, shoulders, and along sides, this color encroaching on under parts poste- riorly, leaving a narrow, whitish area along the median line of the belly ; rest of under parts, except a salmon colored band across pectoral region in the type, dull whitish (the plumbeous basal color showing through) ; ears faintly edged with whitish; tail nearly unicolor, dusky above, slightly paler below; fore and hind feet clouded with dusky, the toes of hind feet whitish. Skull.—Somewhat like that of NV. tenwicauda, but nasals more wedge- shaped, much longer and narrower, reaching plane of lachrymals; ascend- ing branches of premaxille very long, reaching beyond plane of lach- rymals; frontal region broader and flatter posteriorly ; teeth smaller. Compared with that of N. parvidens, the skull is larger and flatter, braincase larger and more smoothly rounded; nasals and ascending branches of premaxillee longer ; teeth larger. Measurements.—Type: Total length, 325; tail vertebree, 156; hind foot, 34. Skull of type: Greatest length, 41.3; basilar length of Hensel, 33 5; zygomatic breadth, 22.2; length of nasals, 16.5; interorbital breadth, 5.8; palatal length, 7.9; diastema, 11.2; upper molar series on alveolus, 8.3. Specimens examined.—Two, from the type locality. Liomys parviceps sp. nov. Type from La Salada, 40 miles south of Uruapan, Michoacan, Mexico. Adult female, No. 126,477, U. S. National Museum, Biological Survey Collection, March 19, 1908, E. W. Nelson and E. A. Goldman. Original number 16,194. Characters.—Size very small; color reddish; tail of moderate length. Similar to L. plantinarensis but less fulvous; skull smaller; tail slightly longer; hind foot shorter, 6- instead of 5-tuberculate. Color.—Upper parts grizzled brownish fulvous; under parts, fore and hind feet, white; fulvous lateral line rather faint; ears edged with whitish ; tail distinctly bicolor, brownish above, whitish below. Skull.—Smallest of the known species of the genus. Similar to that of L. plantinarensis, but smaller and flatter; braincase less expanded ; inter- parietal smaller; rostrum less decurved; nasals more arched anteriorly, notched posteriorly as in L. plantinarensis. Measurements.—Type: Total length, 202; tail vertebra, 110; hind foot, — 24. Average of five adult males and females from the type locality: Total length, 204 (197-214); tail vertebree, 105 (102-110); hind foot, 24 (24). Skull of type: Greatest length, 28.3; basilar length of Hensel, 20; zygomatic breadth, 13; length of nasals, 11.5; interorbital breadth, 6.7; interparietal, 3.2 x 8.3; upper molar series on alveolus, 4.2. Specimens exammned.—Total number, 16, from the following localities : La Salada, Michoacan (type locality), 11; Rio Balsas, Guerrero, 5. Be at. B 7 < ies ee ARS ee een 2 . PITRE ITE a its Bua hae Tae ay VoL. XVII, pp. 83-90 APRIL 9, 1904 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON THE VEGETATIVE VIGOR OF HYBRIDS AND MUTA- TIONS.* BY Oc: COOK. Under what has been termed a kinetic theory of evolution fF it has been held that the condition most favorable to evolutionary progress is that found in natural species containing numerous individuals, widely distributed and freely interbreeding. The individual diversity of members of large assemblages of organ- isms is greater than when interbreeding is confined to narrow limits, but under persistent close breeding uniformity or “ fixity” of type is followed, eventually, by very pronounced and abrupt variations, and by a decline of reproductive power. On the other side of the evolutionary highway corresponding phenomenaabound. Interbreeding among the normally diverse members of a species in nature strengthens the organism and aids in distributing variations throughout the species, but when individuals from small, close-bred groups are crossed their char- acters may prove antagonistic, and not to be combined or aver- aged in the offspring, as discovered by Mendel. When still more remote types are brought together the resulting hybrids are often abnormally diverse, and may have characters possessed by neither of the parents. Because pronounced variations are thus obtainable both by narrow inbreeding and by wide cross- breeding these extreme stages have been thought to have great * Read before the Biological Society of Washington, November 28, 1903. tScience, N. S., 13: 969, 1901; Popular Science Monthly, 63: 18, 1903. 10—Proc. Brot, Soc. Wasu. Vor. XVIT, 1904 (83) 84 Cook—Hybrids and Mutations. evolutionary significance, but the degenerative character of or- ganisms which have suffered such abnormally abrupt changes is rendered obvious by their inability to propagate their kind. The partial or complete sterility, both of hybrids and of ‘sports ” or “ mutations,” as the variations of inbred plants are now called, has long been a matter of common knowledge among breeders of plants and animals, but current evolutionary theories do not associate the two groups of phenomena as belonging to corresponding sidepaths of the evolutionary thoroughfare. The failure to recognize this relationship is to be explained partly by the general carelessness in applying such terms as “ hybrid” to a great variety of evolutionary conditions,* and partly by the fact that in spite of their declining reproductive power, both mutations and hybrids often show striking vegetative vigor. ECONOMIC VALUE VERSUS REPRODUCTIVE FERTILITY. To recognize and, if possible, to account for this paradox is of practical as well as of theoretical imfiortance, since the propa- gator, like the biologist, commonly reasons that the more rapid and vigorous the growth of the young plant, the earlier and the larger the harvest. Indeed, this calculation is generally correct, since a large proportion of our domesticated species are not valued for their reproductive efficiency, but for one or another of their vegetative parts. Even in our horticultural crops, such as apples, pears, cherries, plums, berries, oranges, pineapples, and bananas, which we think of as being planted for their fruits, it is not the seed itself which is utilized or desired, but the fleshy pulp. The decline of reproductive fertility, or tendency toward seedlessness, is not looked upon as a disadvantage, if the plant can be propagated asexually, but often lends special value to a new variety, particularly if correlated with vegetative vigor. The great economic value of a seedless grape or orange need not obscure, however, the obvious fact that the plant itself is degenerate, and would have no prospect of self-perpetuation under natural conditions.t| Neither should the utility of some * Popular Science Monthly, 63: 295, 1903. t Mr. Walter T. Swingle notes that in some of the asexually propagated cacti of Arizona vegetative vigor might more than compensate for seed- lessness, so that nearly sterile hybrids or mutations would have a distinct advantage over the parental types. Cook— Hybrids and Mutations. 85 degenerate plants prevent our appreciating the worthlessness of others, or keep us any longer from realizing that methods of breeding calculated to increase the commercial importance of one plant may be utterly destructive to another. A seedless cherry might bring a fortune to its discoverer, but-a vigorous and beau- tiful seedless coffee tree found recently in Costa Rica is of use only in adding emphasis to the fact that all the known variations of this plant which have appeared in cultivation are less fertile than the normal type of the species, and hence are described properly as degenerative, in the original, practical sense of this term, and in its evolutionary sense as well. SELECTIVE EXPLANATION OF CULTURAL “IMPROVEMENT.” The evolutionary significance of the degeneracy of a large proportion of the domestic varieties of plants and animals has also been obscured by theories that their “‘ improved ” characters have been given to them by selection. Itis true that the changes have taken place along with a process of selection, but nobody has furnished any tangible reason for believing that the selection causes the changes or can cause them. Neither has it been shown that the new conditions of growth are of much evolutionary significance. The important and practical difference between nature and domestication seems to be that the latter implies narrow inbreeding and the artificial preservation of varieties which in nature would either not appear at all or which would not be able to survive. The continued popularity of the selective theory and the con- sequent disregard of the degenerative character of domestic varieties are due, in large measure, to the fact that so many of them possess a vegetative vigor as great or greater than that of the wild type of the species. A sterile hybrid, the mule,* fur- nishes a popular symbol of strength and hardiness, and scores of similar instances might be enumerated. One of the most striking is Burbank’s hybrid walnut tree, which grows several times as fast as either of its parents, but produces no fertile seeds. *An authentic instance of the fertility of a female mule was encoun- tered last year in the vicinity of Tapachula, in the Soconusco district of the State of Chiapas, Mexico. The colt was alive at birth and appar- ently normal, but did not survive. 86 Cook— Hybrids and Mutations. PHYSIOLOGICAL EXPLANATION OF VIGOR OF HYBRIDS. A physiological explanation of the vigor of sterile hybrids has been sought by supposing that the bodily energy which in other plants or animals goes into reproductive parts and pro- cesses here gives a reinforcement of growth, as often occurs after castration. This idea might find some application with the adult organism, but the unusual vigor is often apparent far in advance of the reproductive stage, and even in very young indi- viduals. A nursery of the coffee mutation called “ Maragogipe ”’ affords a striking contrast by the side of one planted with the parent “Arabian” type, and a similar precocity of vegetative vigor is found in many hybrids. The diminution of repro- ductive efficiency is not, evidently, the only difference, and further facts must be taken into consideration if we are to gain a suggestion of how the body of an organism may gain in vigor after the power of perpetuating the type has declined. THE STIMULATION OF GROWTH BY CROSSING. The general antithesis between growth and reproduction does not suffice to explain the vigor of sterile hybrids, but by con- sidering the cytological phase of these processes a somewhat more promising clue may be found. Growth consists, among the higher plants and animals, of a long series of cell divisions, while reproduction requires, on the contrary, a conjugation or union of cells. It has long been supposed that the chief result of fertilization is to stimulate the cell divisions upon which the growth of the new individual de- pends, and that inbreeding produces defective organisms, because _ this stimulation is inadequate. Darwin says, for example, that “ crossing, by itself, does no good ” unless the individuals crossed differ somewhat in characteristics or conditions of growth. Crosses between organisms of a moderate degree of diversity are more vigorous and more fertile than if either of the parent stocks is inbred, but it appears that the limit of fertility is reached much sooner than that of vegetative vigor. This fact corre- sponds with what has been learned from the microscopical study of cells—that the processes of growth or cell division are much simpler than those involved in reproduction by means of — the conjugation of cells. It might be supposed, therefore, that — ‘Cook Hebrids and Mutations. 87 the vegetative vigor of hybrids is the same phenomenon as the vigor of more normal crosses in spite of their reproductive de- cline. KINETIC INTERPRETATION OF VIGOR. It is not possible, however, to content ourselves with this opinion as complete and final, because it does not take into ac- count the vegetative vigor of mutations, or variations here sup- posed to be induced by inbreeding, which has been thought to weaken the vegetative as well as the reproductive energies of the organism. Viewed from the standpoint of some of the cur- rent theories of evolution, the association of the vegetative vigor of mutations with that of normal crosses and hybrids is certainly not obvious, but the difficulty disappears if we view the ques- tion from another standpoint and perceive that the additional vigor may be interpreted in both cases as a phenomenon attend- ing vital motion. Evolutionary progress is accomplished both by new variations and by the combination of those already exist- ing.* Normal crosses and abnormal hybrids and mutations may both be thought of as more vigorous than uniform inbred stocks because they have moved into new positions in the field of de- velopment. Variation and cross-fertilization serve the same purpose, and under normal conditions of interbreeding both re- sult in increased vigor and prepotency. The important evolu-- tionary function of cross-fertilization is the mutual communica- tion of variations. Continued variation, change, and diversity are the general tendencies, not uniformity and stability of char- acters. Organisms are not subject to simple inertia, but, like bicycles and gyroscopes, maintain their equilibrium only when in motion. Plants often receive an increased impetus of growth by re- moval to new soils, or by changes of the constituents of the soils through what are significantly called “fertilizers.” It is also known that they sometimes respond notably to the presence of small quantities of minerals not used by them, or even to those directly injurious, just as arsenic, prussic acid, and other active poisons serve in medicine as tonics. Asa result of a similar stimulation of growth by mineral salts applied to the eggs of some of the lower animals, Professor Jacques Loeb was able to * ** Stages of Vital Motion,’’ Popular Science Monthly, 63: 14, 1903. 88 Cook—Hybrids and Mutations. induce a parthenogenetic development which was widely re- ported two or three years ago as “artificial fertilization.” Cross-fertilization and self-fertility, like most terms, are rela- tive. Many plants have been accounted self-fertile because they can propagate without crossing for a few generations. Thus Wallace has suggested that widely distributed plants are self- fertile, the stimulation of new conditions serving, as it were, as a substitute for crossing. This is doubtless true within limits, but should not be taken to mean that complete autogamy is maintained in this manner.* The effects of new substances and new external conditions, while perhaps to be best understood from the evolutionary standpoint, have not the evolutionary significance often ascribed to them, since the increased vigor and other modifications obtained are neither permanent nor hereditary. Perhaps for lack of a rational explanation of the known benefits of change of descent or of external conditions, both agriculture and medicine are still practiced largely on the theory that there is some particular food, tonic, fertilizer, or climatic treatment which is best for each plant, animal, or dis- ease. When it is appreciated that even the best is best only while it is recent or new, kinetic systems of farming, feeding, and curing may be elaborated, which shall increase agricultural productiveness and human health by properly determined suc- cessions or alternations of diets, tonics, climates, or soils. The rotation of crops, the interchange of seed between different regions, the application of fertilizers, and the breeding of new varieties, more vigorous and resistant, are different methods of. attaining the same practical results, and the utility of the sey- eral expedients may be found to rest on a single biological law. The vegetative vigor of hybrids and mutations is not a difficulty, then, in a kinetic theory of evolution, but affords a strongly corroborative series of phenomena. The defective reproduction is the abnormal fact, and this appears to be defi- nitely associated with a lack of normal interbreeding. ‘The organism may be prospered in its growth by any change not * Mr. Swingle suggests also that the heteroecism of the parasitic rust- fungi may be a phenomenon of the same kind. The diverse forms which the same rust assumes on its different hosts may be looked upon asa further adaptive substitute for interbreeding. Coo h—Hypbrids and Mutations. 89 too violent, and its vigor may be increased even by the degen- erative variations which follow upon the absence of normal inter- breeding. When thus halted or hindered the vital mechanism but turns aside the further because it has lost the equilibrium of normal motion. It is not necessary to regard variation as abnormal, but the variations which appear under narrow inbreeding and wide cross-breeding are abnormal in their amplitude, like fluctuations of temperature in disease. That even completely sterile muta- tions and hybrids may enjoy exceptional vigor does not change the fact of abnormality, but shows merely that the evolutionary disorder affects the reproductive rather than the vegetative parts. Both in hybrids and in mutations the tendency to sterility some- times appears so early that the plants do not produce flowers, or there may bea progressive sterilization of the essential organs of the flowers, as in the so-called “‘ doubling ” which has appeared independently in so many mutations of cultivated plants. Others may form apparently normal blossoms in profusion, but set no fruits; fruits may develop without seeds; seeds may be produced which will not germinate, or seedlings may grow, . but never mature. There are all possible stages from normal fertility to complete sterility, as there are endless gradations between normal shape and monstrous deformity. The present interpretation of the facts has at least the merit of simplicity, since it permits us to suppose that the same evolu- tionary vigor appears in normal variations and crosses, and in abnormal mutations and hybrids, and that the same evolutionary debility affects the two latter conditions. The vigor is due nei- ther to sterility nor to selection, but to variation ; the sterility is not explained by normal variation, nor by selection, except as selection implies the absence of normal interbreeding, and the consequent weakening of heredity. A Physiology in the narrower sense, the science of nutrition and other bodily functions, does not explain either the vigor or the | debility, but in the broader view evolution itself becomes a physiological process, since it affects not. merely the form and structure, but determines also the quality and efficiency of the organism, in quite as practical and definite a manner as do food- supply and other external conditions. VoL XVII, PP. 91-98 APRIL 9, ISC4 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON NEW PLANTS FROM NEVADA. BY AVEN NELSON. For two or three years past, Mr. F. Beveridge Kennedy, Pro- fessor of Botany, Nevada State University, has been very in- dustriously studying the flora of his state. While his attention has been given to its economic aspects in particular, yet the her- barium he is building up must add much to our knowledge of its species. He has very kindly permitted me, from time to time, to study many of these collections. Among the choice things secured there are several numbers that seem to be novel- ties. Following are the diagnoses as I make out them out. Unless otherwise stated the types are deposited in the Rocky Mountain Herbarium. Arabis pedicellata sp. nov. Perennial from a thick woody or sub-fleshy root; the base of the stem also persisting as a caudex; caudex thick (1-2 cm.), leafless but rough with the dense covering of the dead persistent petioles, in length from a _ mere crown to nearly 1 dm. (according to the age of the plant); stems : one or more from the crown, lightly pubescent or nearly glabrous above, 2 stem proper or leaf-bearing portion but slightly surpassing the crown- . _ leaves; leaves canescent with a dense indument of soft stellately branched hairs; those of the crown large and numerous, narrowly oblong or ob- _ lanceolate, obtuse or subacute, often 1 dm. long, tapering into a much 11—PRoc. BIOL. Soc. WASH. VoL. XVII, 1904. (91) 92 Nelson—New Plants from Nevada. shorter somewhat margined petiole; those of the stems small, oblong- lanceolate, 2-3 cm. long, sessile by an auricled base; inflorescence naked, at length very open, 10-15 cm. long; pedicels spreading, at length at right angles to the rachis, becoming 3 dm. or more in length; pods sim- ilarly spreading, as long as the pedicels, tapering into a beak-like style one fourth as long as the pod, sessile on an enlarged receptacle, flattened parallel to the partition, faintly 1-nerved; sepals oblong, erect, greenish with scarious pink margins, half as long as the petals, the lateral pair noticeably spurred at base, the other pair only slightly gibbous; petals purple, broadly spatulate, with nearly flat blade and cuneately tapered to a short narrow claw; stamens fre®;stigma small, circular; seeds imma- ture. The generic position of the plant seems somewhat doubtful. I call it an Arabis because of its duration, its branched pubescence, its gibbous sepals, its nearly flat broad petals, its flat l-nerved pods. But some of these characters are also ascribed to some of the species of Streptanthus. In fact this plant has somewhat the appearance of a Streptanthus es- pecially in its beaked pods, sessile on an enlarged receptacle. In this respect it reminds one of S. longirostris Wats., but one may well ques- tion if that species were not better left in Arabis where Dr. Watson originally placed it. However, if that species remains a Streptanthus, it is possible that the species here described must become Streptanthus pedicellatus. Founded upon Kennedy & True’s No. 705, Hunter Creek Canyon (near Reno, Nev.), May 16, 19038. Viola senecta sp. nov. Grizzly-white, with rather long, dense, tangled-hirsute pubescence; stems short, slender, from a thickened branched root; leaves ovate, sub- . acute, more or less irregularly toothed, 1-3 cm. long, abruptly or cuneately tapering into the rather long slender nearly glabrous petiole; stipules scarious, mostly entire, linear-lanceolate, somewhat ciliate-pu- bescent; scapes shorter than the leaves; sepals lanceolate, about 5 mm. long, sparsely ciliate; petals yellow, glabrous, obovate-spatulate, 7-8 mm. long; the lower a little longer, with orbicular blade, abruptly in- flexed at base, enclosing two anthers, scarcely at all spurred; connective of anthers produced into a greenish ovate appendage. This is probably V. premorsa in so far as Nevada specimens cited in literature are concerned. It seems to have characters that demand its separation. The type was collected by Prof. F. H. Hillman, ‘near Peterson’s Ranch’’, Nev., April 20, 1895, i Mirabilis glutinosa sp. nov. Stems several from a branched woody caudex, 2-4 dm, high, more or less branched from the base up, somewhat pubescent especially above, 4 iy / ; Nelson—New Plunis from Nevada. 93 the hairs flattened or crinkled and more or less glandular-glutinous; leaves reniform, orbicular or broadly ovate-cordate, obtuse at apex and mostly broadly rounded, 1-3 cm. long, short petioled or the uppermost nearly sessile; involucre campanulate, 5-lobed, 1-flowered, short-pedun- cled (3-12 mm.); its lobes short-ovate, subacute; pubescence of leaves and flowers similar to that of the stems and peduncles; perianth white, campanulate-funnelform, 10-12 mm. long, its very broad segments cleft into two equal oval lobes; fruit fig-shaped, glabrous, somewhat striate. This species has usually been considered only a form of M. culifurnica Gray. Dr. Coville in ‘his Report upon the Death Valley Expedition (Contrib. Nat. Herb., 4:177) points out the fact that there are two forms which may be distinct. It seems quite probable there are three forms, as there seems to be no good reason for asserting that AZ. levis: (Benth) and M. culifornica are the same. ‘The former came from ‘‘Magdalena Bay’’ and was described as glabrous and as having very unequal involu- cral bracts. This may well be different from M. californica in spite of the fact that it apparently has escaped subsequent collection, It may have happened, too, that the locality at which “H. M. Ship Sulphur’’ secured the specimens is incorrectly given, as has often happened when large quantities of material are secured in an important expedition. As to the distinctness of VM. caléfornica and the species now proposed there can be no questien. JZ glutinesa may at once be known by its subspherical obtuse leaves, its short rather obtuse involucral lobes, and its white flowers. Apparently very few ef the flowers ever open but are self-fertilized in the bud. On close examination of the involucre and perianth attention is attracted to the large number of acicular hairs or lines (raphides) in the epidermis both on the outside and inside of these structures. I take as the type L. N. Goodding’s No. 967, from Karshaw, Meadow Valley Wash, Nev., May 27, 1902. Wholly typical are the following: Goodding, No. 778, St. George, Utah; G. H. True, No. 758, Pyramid Lake, Washoe Co., Nev. Sidalcea crenulata sp. nov. Perennial from a thick weody reot; stems few to several from the crown, nearly simple, more or less decumbent, 3-5 dm. high, green and seemingly glabreus but with some small scattered simple or forked hairs; leaves spatsely appressed pubescent, the hairs simple or forked: the radical orbicwlar, 2-5 cm. broad, crenulately toethed, the teeth somewhat paired, on petieles 3-5 times as long as the blade; stem leaves more deeply cleft and the uppermost parted into linear divisions; stip- ules linear, 7-10 mm. long, subglabrous as are also the petioles; raceme slender and at length open; the rachis green, granular-glandular; bracts linear, paired, 5-8 mm. long, pedicels at length equalling the calyx; calyx cleft nearly to the base into lanceolate segments, about 6 mm. long, minutely glandular-pubescent and with occasional longer forked 94 Nelson—New Plants from Nevada. hairs; petals orbicular, emarginate and slightly erose-dentate, 12-15 mm, long, with a short claw; stamineal column rather short; styles not sur- passing the anthers; carpels smooth, easily splitting along the dorsal line, deeply notched but not lacerate on the ventral side. Rather too nearly allied to S. neo-mexicana Gray but easily distin- guished from it. SS. neo-mexicana may always be known by its almost hispid hirsuteness which is especially noticeable on the stems, pétioles, leaf-veins and calyx. The typical form of this species too is mostly much larger, and often with a single stem from a conical root. It also has a longer stamineal column from which the styles are noticeably exserted. Mr. Goodding’s No. 1091, Juab, Utah, June 10, 1902, is taken as the type. Nearly typical are the following by Prof. Kennedy; No. 673, Simon’s Creek, Elko Co., Nev., and No. 811, Stampede, same county. Sidalcea nervata sp. nov. Perennial; stems singly from the small woody root, usually somewhat branched above, glabrous below, sparsely and minutely stellate-pubes- cent above; leaves apparently glabrous but with short forked hairs above and a minute stellate pubescence below, strongly nervosely veined below; the basal long-petioled, orbicular, 6-8cm. broad, 6-8 lobed, the lobes with 2-3 broad teeth; becoming more deeply divided upwards, the uppermost cleft to the base into linear lobes; stipules narrowly linear; inflorescence densely stellate-pubescent, rather few-flowered; calyx cleft below the middle, the lobes triangular-lanceolate; petals broadly obovate, emarginate, about 2 cm. long, half as broad, pubescent on the short united claws; carpels glabrous, distinctly rugose- reticulated on the dorsal angles, slightly depressed. A perfectly distinct species allied to 8. oregana Gray from which its relatively few, much larger flowers will at once distinguish it. It may also be distinguished by its smaller ‘calyx, less acuminate calyx-lobes, short pedicels which are distinctly exceeded by the slender bracts. The inflorescence never presents that crowded spicate appearance of S. ore- gana with its numerous small flowers. I take as the type my No. 4101, Evanston, Wyo., distributed some years since as S. oregana. What seems tobe the same is Prof. Kenne- dy’s No. 564, Little Lakes Canyon, Elko Co., Nevada. Somewhat more pubescent and probably showing its variation and distribution are Mr. M. E. Jones’s Nos. as follows; 5597, Soldier Summit, Utah, distributed as S. glaucescens; 6207, Salubria, Idaho; distributed as 9. campestris. Spheralcea parvifolia sp. nov. Stems several or many from a rather large woody root, erect, rather slender, only 2-4 dm. high, at first densely stellate-canescent but gradu- f Nelson—New Plants from Nevada. 95 ally denuded and becoming bright green with only scattered stellate hairs; leaves small, suborbicular with truncate or subcordate base, 1-2 em. broad, irregularly crenulate, scarcely lobed, rather thick and slight- ly rugose, densely stellate-canescent, ultimately more or less denuded and greenish above; the thyrsoid raceme seemingly nearly naked, but the (3-flowered) clusters axillary to the reduced leaves which above are mere bracts; pedicels slender, variable, often longer than the calyx, densely stellate-pubescent as is also the calyx and fruit; calyx about 6 mm. long, cleft below the middle, its lobes triangular-lanceolate: petals rhomboid-obovate, inequilateral with oblique summit, scarcely emarginate, about 12 mm. long; fruit slightly depressed, white with the dense pubescence, only 5 mm. broad and not so high; carpels wholly muticous, the back and rounded dorsal angles subcartilaginous and the sides altogether smooth and membranous, 2-ovuled and often 2-seeded. This was recently distributed as 8S. ambigua but without any justifi- cation it would seem. It is altogether a much smaller plant in every way and the smooth-sided carpels would take it quite out of that section of Gray’s revision (Proc. Am. Acad., 22:292) and of the revision as ex- tended by Dr. Robinson in Syn. Fl. 11:315. For equally good reasons it cannot well go into the section with S. Hmoryt with which it also has some affinities. ; Collected by L. N. Goodding at Calientis, Nevada, May 22, 1902, No. 916. Sphezrostigma tortuosa sp. nov. Perennial from the enlarged crowns of slender rhizomes; stems usual- ly several from the crown, spreading or erect, glabrous, somewhat stri- ate, 1 dm, (more or less) in length, the longer ones inclined to be naked near the base; leaves entire, glabrous, narrowly oblong or linear-oblan- ceolate, 1-3 cm. long, tapering into a slender petiole about as long as the blade, numerous on the crowns and in the lower portion of the inflores- cence; flowers numerous, crowded at the summit of the gradually elon- gating raceme, usually also some among the crown leaves; calyx tube obconic, about 4 mm. long, equalled by the lanceolate reflexed seg- ments; petals white, broadly obovate, as long as the calyx-lobes; sta- mens subequal, with oblong anthers, about as long as the petals and the slender style; stigma small, capitate; capsule linear, 1 cm. or more in length, angled with rounded cartilaginous ribs, strikingly contorted and entangled in the leafy raceme and among the leaves of the crown; seeds oblong, obtuse at apex and pointed at base. This fine species was collected by Prof. P. B. Kennedy at Truckee Pass, Virginia Mts., Washoe Co., Nevada, June 16, 1902. Phacelia monosperma sp. nov. Biennial; stem simple, erect, rather stout, 3-4 dm. high, appressed- 96 Nelson—New Plants from Nevada. puberulent with some longer scattered hairs; leaves pinnatifid or those above nearly entire, oblong in outline, petioled, with short matted pu- bescence and some longer scattered white hairs; inflorescence of nearly straight, slightly divergent secund spikes, softly hispid, and giving the whole plant the appearance of certain Asperifoli@; sepals similar, linear- oblong, in fruit 5-7 mm. long, hispid-ciliate; corolla campanulate, bare- ly as long as the sepals, its rounded lobes shorter than its tube, color in doubt, appendages narrow, somewhat united at the base of the filament; stamens well exserted, the filaments sparsely long-bearded on the ex- serted portion; the very slender style cleft to the middle; capsule ovate, pointed, somewhat compressed, included; seed solitary (only one matur- ing), conical-oblong, brown, beautifully retriculate-pitted, 2-3 mm. long, slightly carinate ventrally. . In its solitary seed it resembles P. platyloba Gray, which is a some- what viscid heterosepalous annual; in its pubescence and some other characters P. hispida Gray which is a diffusely branched annual. The type was collected by Prof. F. H. Hillman, June 30, 1893, on Alum Creek in the Sierra foothills. Mertensia nevadensis sp. nov. Perfectly glabrous throughout; roots large and ragged, the crown clothed with the brown dead bases of the leafstalks of former years; stems 1-2 dm. high, slender, simple; crown leaves numerous, large for the plant, oblong, obtuse or subacute, 6-8 cm. long, 1-2 cm. broad, on slender petioles nearly as long as the blade; stem leaves smaller, becom- ing sessile and lanceolate above; inflorescence terminal, crowded; the short pedicels slender; calyx about 4 mm. long, its entire lanceolate segments about 3 mm. long; corolla tubular, its limb but slightly di- lated, about 15 mm. long (tube 9 mm.; throat 4 mm.; the obtuse rounded lobes only 2 mm.); stamens equal, inserted on the margin of the throat; the filaments broader than the anthers and about as long; throat-crests conspicuous, tipped with brown, broad and noticeably saccate; corolla tube glabrous within but at the base a ring of 10 very minute paired nectariferous pits, one pair on each of the 10 principal nerves of the tube; style about equalling the stamens. The only species that this seems comparable with is M. oblongifolia Don. but to this it only bears some resemblance in its floral characters. It differs from that species in its large elongated root; its larger (not succulent) leaves; its fewer-flowered more open inflorescence. Type collected by Messrs. Kennedy and True (No. 711) who report it as common in Hunter Creek Canyon, near Reno, Nevada, May 16, 1903. Pentstemon violaceus (Brand) Nelson. Obscurely puberulent throughout; stems several from the scarcely ae se ee ee frites, ee ee hie: Nig Le a i Sl a a ee f Nelson—New Plants from Nevada. 97 woody branched crown, 1-2 dm. high; leaves oblong or oblanceolate, 2-3 cm. long; the upper sessile, the lower tapering into a slender petiole; thyrsus narrow, obscurely glandular or viscid; calyx short, not more than 2-3 mm. long; the sepals broadly oval or obovate, obtuse but some- times with a small apiculation; corolla 12-15 mm. long, moderately and gradually dilated, the limb very short and but slightly 2-lipped, its lobes obtuse; anthers horse-shoe shaped, the lower half of the cells remain- ing closed and saccate, minutely denticulate-ciliate on the margins of the dehiscence; the sterile filament glabrous and not dilated. Most nearly allied to P. Roezdi Regel but with broader leaves, narrower inflorescence (not at all paniculate) and very different sepals and corolla. This is very probably Pentstemon Roezli violaceus T. S. Brand. I there- fore use his varietal name and give the additional description as above. Secured by Prof. Kennedy at Newcomb Lake, June 8, 1901, No. 15. Pentstemon Kennedyi sp. nov. Perennial from a somewhat woody branched root-like caudex, glab- rous and inclining to glaucous, 2-4 dm. high; stems mostly simple and singly from the crowns, erect; leaves narrowly oblong or lanceolate; the basal tapering gradually into a slender petiole; the mid-stem sessile by the narrowed base; the upper becoming linear and bract-like; inflores- _ cence narrow; calyx about 1 cm. long; sepals lanceolate, scarious-mar- gined below, the somewhat acuminate upper half tinged with purple: corolla about 3 cm. long, somewhat ventricose, violet-blue (possibly va- rying to purple); anthers glabrous, dehiscent from base to apex but not confluent, slightly if at all divaricate; sterile filament glabrous and but slightly dilated. This is one more segregate from the P. glaber group, Difficult as it is to say what are valid specific characters, it becomes almost necessary to designate as distinct those forms which the collector and the amateur refuse to unite. On the other hand it seems like folly, in most cases at least, to separate forms upon details which require the compound micro- scope for detection. A difference that is reasonably constant and suffi- ciently characteristic to attract the attention of a trained observer in the field cannot well be ignored. Usually, as in this case, less obvious details will be found to confirm the field impressions. In separating this form from P. glaber Pursh, it may tend to clearness to recall the following characters of the latter: Leaves oblong-lanceolate below to ovate-lanceolate above; sepals short, not more than one-sixth as long as the corolla, orbicular-ovate, mostly abruptly short-acuminate, noticeably erose on the scarious sides; anthers more or less short-hirsute; the cells becoming divaricate or explanate; sterile filament dilated, usually somewhat emarginate, stiffly short hir- sute near the apex. The excellent specimens that are taken as the type (No. 736) were collected by Prof. Kennedy at Truckee Pass, Virginia Mts., Washoe Co.., Nevada, June 6, 1903. 98 Nelson—New Plants from Nevada. Lagophylla Hillmani sp. nov. Annual, about 2 dm. high; stems slender, erect, simple or with a few slender ascending or erect branches, sometimes branched from the base, obscurely granular-glandular pubescent with a few scattered long white hairs; leaves linear, thinly strigose and minutely scabrous; heads termin- ating naked peduncles, rather large for the genus, 6-8 mm. high; in- volucre strigose-hispid, some of the hairs tipped with black glands as are also some of those on the peduncles; rays 5-6, light-yellow (?), the lingule broadly oblong, 5-7 mm. long, cleft nearly to the middle into ob- long obtuse lobes; disk flowers about 25, apparently all sterile; akene narrowly oblong-obovate, closely enwrapped by the scarious, ciliate-pu- bescent inflexed base of the involucral bracts, the upper half of which is plane and narrowly lanceolate; bracts between the ray and disk not numerous. Not very closely allied to any species known to the writer. In aspect intermediate between Lagophylla and Layia but by reason of the rays, the complete absence of pappus and the abortive disk achenes will have to be considered a species of Lagophylla. Collected by F. H. Hillman, between Truckee and Lake Tahoe, Sept., 1894. VoL. XVII, PP. 99-100 APRIL 9, 1904 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON A DECADE OF NEW PLANT NAMES. BY AVEN NELSON. Atriplex Serenana. Atriplex bracteosa S. Watson, Proc. Am. Acad., 9:115, 1874; not A. bracteosa Trautv., Act. Hort. Petrop 11:117, 1870. Atriplex Watsoni. Atriplex decumbens S. Watson, Proc. Am. Acad., 12:275, 1877; not A. decumbens Roem. & Schult., Syst., 6:289. Atriplex pacifica. Atriplex microcarpa Deitr., Syn. P)., §:5386, 1852; not A. microcarpa Waldst. & Kit., Pl. Rar. Hung., 3:278, t. 150, 1812. Atriplex matamorencis. Atriplex oppositifolia S. Watson, Proc. Am. Acad., 9:118, 1874; not A. oppositifolia D. C., Rapp., 1:12, nor A. oppositifolia Will., Prosp., 21. Exact dates not at hand but both publications earlier than Watson’s. Besides these there is A. patula oppositifolia Mog., Enum. Chenopod. 54, 1840. Atriplex joaquinana. Atriplex spicata S. Watson, Proc. Am. Acad., 9:108, 1874; not A. spicata Stokes, Bot. Mat. Med., 2:24, 1812. 12—PRoc. BIOL. SoC. WASH. VOL. XVII, 1904. (99) 100 Nelson— A Decade of New Plant Names. Viola Kelloggii. Viola purpurea Kellogg, Proc. Cal. Acad. (II) 1:55, 1873; not V. pwr- purea Stev., Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc., 29:310, 1856. Castilleja exilis. Castilleja stricta Rydb., Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard., 1:354, 1900; not C. stricta D. C., Prodr., 10:534, 1846. Pentstemon formosus. Pentstemon pulchellus Greene, Pitt, 3:310, 1898; not P. pulchellus Lindl. Bot. Reg. t. 1138. Pentstemon superbus. Pentstemon puniceus A. Gray, Torr. Bot. Mex. Bound., 113, 1859; not P. puniceus Lilja., Linneea, 17:111, 1843. Pedicularis Grayi. P. procera Gray, Am. Jour. Sci. (II) 34:251, 1862; not P. procera Adams, ex. Stev. in Mem. Soc. Nat. Mosc., 6:33, 1823. ; is Py wy 5 oe 3 pe “ Ff ee ae oe he vee Lee An > VOL. XVII, PP. 101-102 Aprit 9, 1904 PROCEEDINGS | OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON GENERAL NOTES. SONORELLA WOLCOTTIANA—A CORRECTION. Owing to an oversight in proof reading of the description of Sonorella walcottiana, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., Vol. XVI, pp. 103-104, June 25, 1903, the name appeared as above. The species was named in honor of Mrs, H. L. T. Wollcott, the collector, and the name should read Sono- rella wolcottiana.—Pdul Bartsch. THE SPECIES OF GEUM OCCURRING NEAR WASHINGTON. - Four species of Geum are said by Ward (Rull. U.S. National Museum, No. 22, p. 77, April 20, 1882) to occur in the neighborhood of Washing- ton: G. album, G. virginianum, G. strictum, and G@. vernum. The third of these proves to have been incorrectly recorded, as the specimen la- beled Geum strictum in the Ward herbarium is unquestionably G. vir- ginianum. Moreover, the locality where it was collected, Hunting Creek, Fairfax Co., Virginia, with which I am thoroughly familiar, is not a place where the northern plant, if found in this region at all, would be likely to occur. The number of species in the local flora will, however, remain unchanged, as Geum flavum, though not hitherto re- corded, is common in Fairfax County. According to my observations, ° during the past two summers, it seldom if ever grows in the damp, heavily shaded locations often frequented by G. canadense, and never in the half-boggy thickets preferred by G@. virginianum, but usually occurs in open dry woods.—Gerrit S. Miller, Jr. 13—PROc. BIOL. SOC. WASH. VOL. XVII, 1904. (101) 102 General Notes. SPELERPES PORPHYRITICUS IN NEW HAMPSHIRE. Mr. Edward S. Wilson caught in a cold mountain brook at Bridge- water, N. H., in June, 1902, a specimen of this species. The brook empties into Lake Pesquaney (New found lake), and where the animal was caught is about seven hundred feet above sea level. I am not aware that this species has been taken as far north. The specimen is now in the collection of Camp Pesquaney, Bridgwater, N. H., and was iden- tified by Dr. Samuel Garman.—Reginald Heber Howe, Jr. NANNORCHILUS, NEW NAME FOR HEMIURA, PREOCCUPIED. In 1888, finding that Uropsila as used for a genus of Troglodytids was preoccupied, I proposed the name Hemtura as a substitute. This proves also to have been used previously, so it becomes necessary to replace it by another. The synonymy of the genus, to date, is follows. Nannorchilus Ridgway. Uropsila (not Uropsilus Edwards, 1872) Sclater and Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 155. (Type, Troglodytes leucogastra Gould.) Hemiura (not Hemiurus Rudolphi, 1809, nor Gervais, 1855) Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., X, Aug. 6, 1888, 511. (Substitute for Uropsila Sclater and Salvin, preoccupied. ) : Nannorchilus* Ridgway, nom. nov. (Type, 7'’roglodytes leucogastra Gould.) —Robert Ridgway. ‘A PREOCCUPIED CRAB NAME. The name Melia used by Latreille in 1825, for a genus of crabs (Encyc. Méth., X, 705), is preoccupied by Melia Billberg, 1820, a genus of am- phipods (Enum. Insect.). Iam obliged to Dr. Walter Faxon for verify- ing this reference. Latreille’s genus, which has for type the curious anemone-grasping species, /. tesselata (Latr.), may be known as Lydia, a name used by Milne Edwards in 1834 (Hist. Nat. Crust., I, 481) before | he was aware of Latreille’s genus.—Mary J. Rathbun. - *Navvos, dwarf; opxiAos, a wren. Se eee oe ie VoL. XVII, Pp. 103-110 May 18, 1904 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON DESCRIPTIONS OF SEVEN NEW RABBITS FROM MEXICO. BY E. W: NELSON. The Biological Survey Collection contains several hundred specimens of rabbits from Mexico, including representatives of all the species known to occur in that country, outside of Lower California. Recent examination of this material shows that in addition to the known species it contains the two strongly marked new species and five new subspecies which are deseribed below. I am indebted to Dr. C. Hart Merriam, Chief of the Biological Survey, for the opportunity to study this material, and to Mr. Vernon Bailey for suggestions regarding the species found along the boundary line, with which recent study has made him familiar. Iam also under obligations to Mr. Gerrit 8. Miller, Jr., Assistant Curator of Mammals, U. 8S. National Museum, tg Dr. J. A. Allen, of the American Museum of Natural History, and to Mr. Outram Bangs, of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, for the use of material from the collections in their charge for comparison. Subgenus Sylvilagus Gray. Lepus insonus sp. nov. OMILTEME RABBIT. Type.—Adult female, No. 126,878, U.S. National Museum, Biological Sur- vey Collection, from Omilteme, Guerrero. Collected May 20, 1903, by E. W. Nelson and E. A. Goldman. Original number 16,466. 14—Proc. BIoL. Soc. WASH. VoL. XVII, 1904. (103) 104 — Nelson—Seven New Rabbits. Distribution Known only from type locality. General characters.—A dark, coarse-haired species with small short tail belonging to same group as Lepus gabbi and L. true’, but considerably larger, with ears twice as large as in either of species named. Description of type in spring pelage-—Top of head and back dark ochra- ceous buffy, approaching tawny ochraceous, heavily shaded and grizzled with black; cheeks and sides of body and rump a little paler and grayer than back; sides of nose and area about eyes dingy buffy grayish ; nape dull dingy rusty rufous; top of tail dull dark reddish brown; under side of tail dingy brownish buffy; neck on sides and below dull dark buffy; rest of under parts white with bluish under fur showing through ; tops of fore feet and under side of fore legs dingy whitish; front and sides of fore legs to shoulders tawny ochraceous; front of hind legs and tops of feet dingy whitish ; rest of hind legs similar to sides but with a tawny ochraceous wash becoming most marked about heels and sides of hind feet; soles of feet dark smoke brown; ears on convex surface dark grizzled blackish brown, a little more blackish along anterior border and at tip. Skull characters.—Skull practically indistinguishable from that of L. truei, but apparently with slightly shorter, heavier jugal. Measurements.— External measurements of type (taken in flesh): Total length, 430; tail vertebree, 40 ; hind foot, 93; ear from notch (from dried skin), 62. Cranial measurements of type: Occipito-nasal length, 75; basal length of Hensel, 57; interorbital breadth, 17.5; parietal breadth, 26; length of nasals, 31.5; breadth of rostrim above front of base of premolar, 17; depth of rostrum at same point, 15; greatest diameter of bulle, 9. Specimens ecamined.—Two. General notes.—Though obviously belonging in the same group as L. truet and L. gabbi, the curiously dark color and.strikingly larger ears at once dis- tinguish the present species. Theskull is decidedly larger than that of L. gabbi, but is practically indistinguishable from that of L. true?. Like truei, the present well-marked species lives in burrows in heavy forest, and is very difficult to secure, owing to its mainly nocturnal hahits and the heavy undergrowth in its haunts. Lepus verecrucis pacificus subsp. nov. ACAPULCO COTTONTAIL. Type.—Adult male, No. 70,622, U.S. National Museum, Biological Survey Collection, from Acapulco, Guerrero. Collected January 9, 1895, by E. W. Nelson arid E. A. Goldman. Original number 7340. Distribution.—Pacific Coast region of Guerrero and adjacent section of Oaxaca. General characters—Externally much like typical verecrucis, but paler and more buffy. Skull larger and more massive; rostrum, especially, 9 deeper and heavier. Description of type in unworn winter pelage—Upper parts, including top and sides of head, back and sides of body, dingy creamy buff washed and : Nelson—Seven New Rabbits. 105 grizzled by overlying black on tips of long hairs, the black wash heaviest on middle of back and palest on sides of body; top of tail dull rusty clay color; nape rusty rufous; front of forelegs and feet dingy buffy shading back into dull rusty buffy on sides of legs ; hind legs like flanks on outside of thighs, but shading back into dingy rusty buffy; line along front of hind leg and top of foot white; neck on sides and below deep buffy ;_ rest of under parts white except for a dingy buffy line on inguinal region; ears grizzled grayish brown on base, gradually darkening to narrow black tips on inner or convex surface. Skull characters.—Skull similar in general character to that of typical vereecrucis but larger and more massive; rostrum much deeper and heavier in proportion; braincase narrower, more depressed and less abruptly de- scending on posterior outline; nasals nearly as broad anteriorly as at base ; depth of rostrum from anterior base of molars nearly equals width above same point; jugals very heavy, with a deep groove ending anteriorly in a deep pit; bullee about same size as in true verecrucis but proportionately smaller. Measurements—External measurements of type (taken in flesh): Total length, 505; tail vertebree, 58; hind foot, 113; ear from notch (from dried skin), 78. Cranial measurements of type: Occipito-nasal length, 86; basal length of Hensel, 65; interorbital width, 19.5; parietal width, 26.5; length of nasals, 39; width of nasals at base, 16.5; width of nasals near tip, 138; depth of rostrum at anterior base of molars, 20; width of rostrum above same point, 19.5; greatest diameter of bullee, 11. General notes.—This is slightly larger than’ true Lepus verecrucis, which ranges across all the intervening country between the eastern border of the tableland and the range of the present form. Specimens from interior Guerrero are referable to the typical form, with its smaller, lighter skull. Considering the climatic and other physiographic differences between the home of typical verecrucis and the present form, there is surprisingly little difference in color. Lepus floridanus connectens subsp. nov. ALTA MIRA COTTONTAIL. Type.—Adult male, No. 63,660, U. 8. National Museum, Biological Sur- vey Collection, from Chichicaxtle, Vera Cruz. Collected February 15, 1894, by E. W. Nelson and E. A. Goldman. Original number 5849. Distribution. —Tropical parts of eastern Mexico from southern Tamaulipas throughout the coast lowlands to the Papaloapam River in central Vera Cruz and along the east slope of the Cordillera of eastern San Luis Potosi, eastern Puebla, and eastern Oaxaca south to Mt. Zempoaltepec. General characters.—Kxternally much like typical L. floridanus, but larger and pelage averaging a little paler. Skull longer, proportionately narrower ; bulle smaller; nasals longer and slenderer. Ears large. Description of type in faded winter pelage——Top of head and back grizzled creamy ochraceous buffy, thinly washed with blackish by black tips to longer hairs; sides of head, body, and rump distinctly grayer and less 106 Nelson—Seven New Rabbits. buffy ; top of tail dull reddish brown ; nape bright rusty or light cinnamon- rufous; circumorbital area white ; neck on sides and below dull ochraceous buffy ; front of fore legs and outside of hind legs cinnamon rufous; back of fore legs and front of hind legs and top of hind feet white with a pale buffy suffusion on feet and toes ; ears narrowly edged with white ; convex surface brownish gray on base gradually darkening to brownish black to- ward tip. Skull characters—Longer and proportionately narrower than in true floridanus ; rostrum long with height equaling width at base; nasals long, proportionately narrow and depressed at tip, giving upper surface of rostrum a gently convex outline; braincase rather narrow and drawn out, giving a more gently curving outline posteriorly than in typical floridanus ; jugal with a strong groove ending anteriorly in a well-marked pit ; bullze smaller than in true floridanus but larger than in aztecus ; general outline of skull above less strongly convex than in floridanus and more as in aztecus and russatus. Measurements—External measurements of type (taken in flesh): Total length, 442; tail vertebree, 63; hind foot, 97; ear from notch (from skin), 63. Cranial measurements of type: Occipito-nasal length, 76; basal length of Hensel, 57; interorbital width, 18; parieta] width, 26; length of nasals, 35; width of nasals at base, 16; greatest diameter of bullee, 10. Specimens examined.—Forty-one. General notes.—Specimens in midsummer pelage from the humid basal mountain slopes near Jalapa, Vera Cruz, and elsewhere differ but little in color from typical floridanus at the same season; the legs are a little browner and less reddish, and the head is more grayish; the ears are nearly the same in size and color. Such specimens can only be distin- guished by size and skull characters. From chapmani their much larger size, darker colors, and the much larger and heavier skull readily distin- guish them. From russatus, the nearest relative on the south, they may be known by their paler colors, much larger ears, and broader and heavier skull. Specimens from the humid mountain slopes at Metlaltoyuca (Puebla), Jico, near Jalapa (Vera Cruz), and Mt. Zempoaltepec (Oaxaca) average rather larger and darker than those from the coast lowlands, but - the difference is too slight and inconstant to warrant more than passing mention. Specimens from Mt. Zempoaltepec are intergrades between con- nectens and russutus, with ears approaching the latter, but their skull char- acters place them with the former. Lepus floridanus chiapensis subsp. nov. CHIAPAS ‘COTTONTAIL. Type.—Adult female, No. 75,953, U. S. National Museum, Biological Sur- vey Collection, from San Cristobal, Chiapas. Collected September 28, 1895, by E. W. Nelson and E. A. Goldman. Original number 8483. Distribution.—Interior of Chiapas and western Guatemala, from not over — 2,500 feet above sea level up to the summits of the highlands at over 10,000 feet. Nelson—Seven New Rabbits. 107 General characters.—Similar to L. floridanus aztecus, but larger and a little darker, with rufous on legs of a duller and darker shade. Skull larger, with rostrum strikingly broader and more depressed at tip. Description of type in fresh winter pelage—Top of head and back dark grizzled ochraceous buffy (with a slight reddish tinge) overlaid with a thin blackish wash due to black tips of long hairs; sides and rump distinctly more grayish, lacking most of the reddish buffy of back ; nape rusty rufous, darker posteriorly ; upper side of tail dark reddish brown, becoming black- ish about tip; front and sides of fore legs cinnamon rufous; back and sides of hind legs reddish chestnut; back of fore legs and front of hind legs and top of hind feet deep reddish buffy ; under side of body mainly deep yellowish buffy (some other specimens have ventral surface white) ; sides of head with small buffy whitish spots back of and just in front of eyes ; rest of sides of head similar but a little paler than reddish buffy crown ; ears with fine pale border on inner side; externally (on convex surface) blackish brown from grizzled grayish brown base to tip. Skull characters—Skull large and heavy; longer than in aztecus and about the same length as in yucatanicus but not so massive as in that form ; ros- trum very broad, especially at outer end, but depth of rostrum proportion- ately small; outer end of nasals broad and much less depressed than in aztecus, thus adding to massive appearance of rostrum viewed from above ; superior outline of skull posteriorly gently curved, about as in aztecus, but much straighter and more flattened anteriorly ; interorbital width narrow ; jugal heavy, with a well-marked groove ending anteriorly in a deep pit; bullze about same size as in aztecus but proportionately smaller. Measurements.—External measurements of type (taken in flesh): Total length, 468 ; tail vertebrze, 55; hind foot, 97; ear from notch (from dried skin), 60. Cranial measurements of type: Occipito-nasal length, 80; basal length of Hensel, 61; interorbital width, 18; parietal width, 26; length of nasals, 37 ; width of nasals, 17; depth of rostrum at front base of molars, 15; width of rostrum above same point, 19; greatest diameter of bullee, 10. Specimens examined.—Eleven. General notes—With the exception of being a little darker colored, espe- cially the rufous on the legs, and its larger size, the Chiapas cottontail bears externally a close resemblance to L. f. aztecus, but its well-marked skull characters are sufficient to distinguish the two. The broad flat rostrum is a strong character which is very distinctive. So far as known, this is the southernmost subspecies of Lepus floridanus. In general size the skull of chiapensis is nearest that of yucatanicus, but the broader, flatter rostrum, narrower braincase, and smaller bullee distinguish it. Lepus arizonz goldmani subsp. nov. SINALOA COTTONTAIL. Type—Adult male, No. 96,812, U.S. National Museum, Biological Survey Collection, from Culiacan, Sinaloa, Mexico. Collected March 20, 1899, by K. A. Goldman. Original number 13,588. 108 Nelson—Seven New Rabbits. Distribution.—Southern part of Sonora (from the Rio Yaqui) south at least to Culiacan, central Sinaloa. General characters.—Darker and more richly colored than typical arizone, with the white and rufous areas on legs sharply contrasting. Bullee much smaller. Description of type in winter pelage—Top of head and back creamy ochraceous-buff grizzled and washed with black; sides of head and body slightly paler, more pinkish buffy, with much less overlying black ; small area on rump distinctly iron gray with scarcely a trace of buffy ; nape rusty rufous ; top of tail dark brown grizzled with dull buffy ; neck, on sides and below, pinkish buff; rest of under parts clear white; front and sides of fore legs rusty ochraceous buff, becoming paler on front of legs and top of feet ; back of fore legs clear white; sides and back of lower part of hind legs and feet a little darker and more rusty rufous than fore legs; line’ along front of hind legs and top of feet white, sharply outlined, as on fore legs, by rufous; inside of ears dingy gray; outside or convex surface finely grizzled grayish, buffy brown shading into a narrow blackish border about tips. Skuil characters —Skull generally similar to that of typical arizonx, but with rostrum broader and more inflated, or less tapering anteriorly and decidedly smaller bullee, which in shape and proportion to skull resemble those of the floridanus group. Meusurements.—External measurements of type (taken in flesh): Total length, 388; tail vertebrae, 56; hind foot, 87; ear from notch (from dried skin), 66. Cranial measurements of type: Occipito-nasal length, 66; basal length of Hensel, 52; interorbital breadth, 17; parietal breadth, 24; length of nasals, 27; greatest diameter of bullee, 11. Specimens examined.—Fifteen. Subgenus Macrotolagus Mearns. Lepus festinus sp. nov. HIDALGO JACK RABBIT. Type No. 58,490, adult male, U. S. National Museum, Biological Survey Collection. From Irolo, Hidalgo, Mexico. Collected March 31, 1893, by EK. W. Nelson and E. A. Goldman. Original number 4522. Geographic distribution.—Southeastern part of Mexican tableland in southern and eastern Queretaro, throughout most of Hidalgo, extreme northern part of State of Mexico (including valley of Mexico), Tlaxcala and adjacent part of northern Puebla. Specific characters—In general appearance much like L. merriami but darker, with much larger ears, the latter with a large, well-marked black spot at. tip on convex side; nape gray, paler than back; skull smaller and lighter than in merriami. Nel son——Seven New Rabbits. 109 Description of type in winter pelage—Top of head dingy grizzled buffy ; back buffy with a slight tinge of dull reddish brown, heavily mottled and grizzled with black ; sides of body palerand grayer; thighs and rump up to median line iron gray; a heavy black band divides the gray of rump along median line and covers top of tail; under side of tail dingy gray ; sides of. head and neck dull buffy, palest on cheeks and darker with a slight tinge of vinaceous on sides of neck ; under side of neck deep dull buffy; chin and under side of body white; top of hind feet dingy white becoming grayish on toes; top of fore legs dingy buffy thinly grizzled with blackish ; ears finely grizzled yellowish gray on front half of convex surface, and fringed with slightly yellowish white hairs on anterior edge; posterior half of convex surface white, with a distinct black spot covering 35 mm. of the tip and extending a dusky edge around border of anterior part of tip; nape grizzled grayish without a trace of black patch characteristic of L. merriami, Skull characters—Skull lighter and rather smaller than that of DL. mer- riami, and practically indistinguishable from that of ZL. texianus from Chihuahua and the Texas boundary. Measurements of type (taken in flesh).—Total length, 575; tail vertebre, 78; hind foot, 126; ear from notch (from dried skin), 138. Measurements of type skull.—Occipito-nasal length, 96.5; basal length, 74 ; length of nasals, 48; greatest interorbital breadth, 26.5; parietal breadth, 31; depth of rostrum at front base of premolars, 25; width of rostrum — above same point, 20; greatest diameter of bulle, 14. Specimens examined.—Nine. General notes.—This species is apparently most closely related to L. mer- riami asellus, from which its even larger ears and entire absence of black patch on nape at once distinguish it. The nape is much like that of L. terianus, and the skullisa little smaller and lighter than that of merriami and scarcely distinguishable from that of texianus. The color of back and general appearance of this animal is that of a dark-colored L. merriami with extraordinarily large ears and no black nape patch. Its habitat is at the southern border of that of L. m. asellus and widely separated from that of L. texianus. Lepus merriami altamirz subsp. nov. ALTA MIRA JACK RABBIT. Type No. 93,691, adult male, U. S. National Museum, Biological Survey Collection. From Alta Mira, Tamaulipas, Mexico. Collected May 16, 1898, by E. W. Nelson and E. A. Goldman. Original number 12,365. Geographic distribution.—Coastal plains in southern part of Tamaulipas, extreme northern Vera Cruz, and eastern San Luis Potosi. Zonal distribution.—Arid tropical. Subspecific characters.—Similar to typical merriami in color, but under side of neck deeper and clearer buffy, and black nape patch distinctly separated into two parallel black stripes by a well-defined median band of yellowish 110 Nelson—Seven New Rabbits. often equalling black bands in width; skull larger and heavier, with longer rostrum than in L. merriami. é Description of type in rather worn spring pelage.—Top of head grizzled grayish buffy ; back dull creamy buffy grizzled and mottled with overlying black tips to hairs; sides of body slightly paler buffy grizzled with grayish ; thighs and sides of rump up nearly to median line of back rather pale iron gray; top of fore feet and legs dingy buffy ;. top of hind feet white; top of tail and narrow line extending forward along middle of rump black ; under side of tail grayish white; sides of head, with sides and under part of neck, bright buff, with some black grizzling on sides of head ; nape with a narrow black band extending back from base of each ear with a median band of buffy of equal width separating the two black bands; ear on front half of convex surface grizzled yellowish buffy and bordered along edge by a fringe of buffy hairs; posterior half of convex surface blackish at base and shading into grayish white on middle and pure white on terminal part, which lacks any sign of a black margin or tip; posterior border of ear buffy on basal half; white along rest of margin (pure on convex side, shaded with buffy on concave side) to near tip, which is buffy. Skull characters.—Skull much as in typical Z. merriami, but longer and rather heavier, with longer and heavier rostrum. Measurements of type (taken in flesh).—Total length, 605 ; tail vertebree, 96; hind foot, 137; ear from notch (from dried skin), 112. Measurements of type skull.—Occipito-nasal length, 99; basal length, 77 ; length of nasals, 44; greatest interorbital breadth, 24; parietal breadth, 32; depth of rostrum at front base of premolar, 26; width above same point, 26; greatest diameter of bullee, 12. Specimens eaamined.—Six. General notes.—This form agrees with typical L. merriami in general ap- pearance, but in five out of six specimens examined the black nape patch is divided by a distinct yellow band. The under side of the neck is much deeper buffy, and the tips of the ears on the convex side entirely lack ‘any trace of black in three specimens and have only a narrow black edging in the three others examined. The larger skull with longer, heavier rostrum is another character. It has a comparatively limited distribution, and occupies the southernmost area occupied by the species along the Gulf coast of Mexico, and probably does not range as far north as Victoria, Tamaulipas. RT Oe Se ee eee ey Pee VoL. XVII, pp. 111-112. May 18, 1904. PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON NOTES ON TETRANEURIS LINEARIFOLIA. BY T. D. A. COCKERELL. Tetraneuris linearifolia (Hooker) Greene. This species is certainly very variable, both as to its mode of growth and the width of the leaves. How far these differences are racial it is hard to say. The specimens seen are as follows: Texas.—Kerrville, Kerr Co. (Heller); “Texas” (Lindheimer, 267); “ On the Pierdenales” (Lindheimer) ; Leona (Wright); ‘“ Pecos, ete.” (Wright) ; Brazos (Lindheimer); Dallas (Elihu Hall); near New Braunfels (Lind- heimer) ; Gillespie Co. (G. Jermy); Dallas (Reverchon); San Antonio (E. H. Wilkinson); Dallas (B. F. Bush). The Lindheimer plants have very narrow leaves, and are no doubt typical. The Heller plant from Kerrville (Heller, 1619; hb. Mo. Botanical Garden) has larger heads (over 25 mm. diam. with rays, and about 12 without), dark olive-green almost entirely glabrous foliage, some of the leaves as much as 5 mm. broad, and strongly striate practically glabrous stems. The involucres and peduncles beneath are covered with ochreous hair. The plant has aspreading bushy growth, and is about 25 cm. high, counting the heads. This plant grows in “rich and often shaded ground ” (Heller, Bot. Expl. So. Tex., p. 109), whereas Lindheimer’s plant grows “ in masses together on sandy prairies, with thin soil” (Lindheimer, 648). Whether the Kerrville plant represents a “ form” or a true race, can not be certainly determined at present, but the latter would seem rather probable, or Heller would have found both states. It may be called var. latior (type, Heller’s 1619). Oklahoma.—Huntsville, Kingfisher Co. (Laura A. Blankinship). Small plants; lowest leaves broad. Kansas.—Sumner Co. (Mark White). Bushy ; leaves narrow. 15—Proc. Brow. Soc. WasH. VoL. XVII, 1904. (111) 112 Cockerell—Notes on Tetraneuris Linearifolia. Tetraneuris linearifolia oblongifolia (Greene) Tetraneuris oblongifolia, Greene, Pittonia, iii, 269. (1898.) I have before me Palmer’s No. 677, from the State of Nuevo Leon. The heads are about 10 mm. broad (excl. rays), the rays large and broad; the leaves are up to about 33 mm. broad,and quite hairy; the achenes, pappus, etc., are as in linearifolia. I do not think this can well rank as a species. Tetraneuris linearifolia dodgei subsp. nov. About 25 em. high, with several stems ; very hairy, the young leaves en- veloped in loose tomentum ; heads (excl. rays) about 13 mm. broad ; radical leaves pinnatijid with broad lateral lobes diverging at right angles from the rather broad blade; cauline leaves short and mostly quite narrow ; aristz of pappus longer than in linearifolia or oblongifolia. Monterey, Mexico, “in fields, very common,” May, 1891. (Chas. K. Dodge, 109; U.S. N. M., 27,471.) The heads on long upright peduncles look like those of oblongifolia, but the foliage is quite different. This ought perhaps to be regarded as a valid species, but I expect that intermediates between it and linearifolia will be found. GES ite LR VoL. XVII, pp. 113-114 May 18, 1904 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON TWO NEW SUBSPECIES OF TROPICAL AMERICAN TYRANT: BIRDS: BY OUTRAM BANGS. Of the two tyrant birds here named as new subspecies, one is a well-marked form of Serphophaga cinerea (Strickl.) from the Santa Marta region of Colombia, formerly referred by me to S. cinerea grisea Lawr. The other isthe extreme northern form of the wide ranging Todirostrum cinereum (Linn. ), from southern Mexico. Fortunately the type locality of 7. cinerewum—Surinam— is well toward the southern end of the range of the species, and extreme northern and southern specimens when compared to- gether are different enough. GS see eS 101 BAVOML oe ae ee as 101 Blrictumi ob eee eee 101 WETTIG ee rs 101 Vvireinianoum 009546 ee 101 Gilbert, G. K. Exhibition of scars on the bark ofthe aspen tree .... Gill, T. N. The segregation of fresh- water fishes . . Goldman, E. A. Descriptions of five new mammals from Mexico... . 79-82 Greene, E. L. A chapter in the evolu- tion of generic nomenclature .. . The earlist book on systematic Op Re ge ae get he BOY igs eee tee aes xi Gyrostachys simplex ......... 165 H Haldta ....865 it Se eee ee 11 Haplomylomys ......... 54, 75 Hay, W. P. The life-history and eco- nomic importance of the blue-crab viii The habits of Cambarus uhleri . 167 Hares, rabbits and pikas, classification ix Hawaiian fishes pte 9 4 | Heh din 55 ae OR eG ear a Be 13 Femara lhe oe aa ee ME ees 162 PUD 0s acy Bt oe tg So ee a 171 Homarus .. Nara, wen ater oe 170 SAMMATOR os ee ee 170 Howe, R. H. Jr. Spelerpes porphyriti- cus in New Hampshire : new bob-white from the United States: 4 05. a Hybrids; fettnity Of. 3k a oe es physiological explanation of WHO NS Pi ee ory We eh I EG GCA as sete ee heavy eee 171 Pneebus: op) ce bk ee 170, 171 Insect-catching grass of Ouba ..... ix International congress, reporton ... x TORR | ae ete se ene gs 12 Tole scitula. 55s Se erg ao 12 Ionopsis utricularioides ........ 116 Pohiate 3s Ro ae eer 6 Ivara BAY GI NCEE So ee ne Be a ae TRAPEGU IR a oe rg 11 [viding so eae Wee ree Ae earn bs | J Fordanielle sae. a ee a ee 13 K Kendall, W. ©. and Evermann, B. W. An interesting fish from the high _ mountains of central Ecuador... . vii Kinetic theory of evolution . viii, 88 ae Lagophylla hillmani. ........ 98 C-AMMDTUS: (ih emer unto ae 171 Lamium amplexicaule ....... ix Lancea elongata: 5... aie 9 Lancelle oi ss oe ek oe ek ae ee 9 DOLPAX NONENO. 0k Ss ee malig iat ie Index. Laysan Island, birdsof ....... Viii Lepus altamirze Bde ee ig lg ae he gene 109 COHTORINICUB 865i 6 ee ea resi ae 135 COMMDOSURIS ot ee ea 131 chinnetiais: oye ees 106 COBNECCONS 565 eas 105 CEBGTULGOIA- os Sn Bs hor a alte 135 festhiie. or re 108 Pelt 011 | Sabre optete Are eh aeby aaah Pe 2 | Samat Tami pene yee eae ae 103 pacificus ee ae ee oban cer: 104 + TIGA YEMONY os 2752 a es a 136 sierrm@....: RE el Rear et 132 PERTAINS Gy hak eS ae wae oe es 135 TOWREENGL 5 Fo ee ee 132 CUA OIE SS ese eee es, 136 WallaWalin 202i SS eae 137 Vins so. ra ae aaa gad ees 172 Liomys parviceps .... .°. 2 2... 82 EASON Sn See ieee 14 Tiparis-enatas soe es Swe Ss AO Lithospermum albicans ........ 174 lnearioltuny ass es ee 174 BODRCDEB RS irs ey eee ee ee 4 Lophopanopeus nicaraguensis ... . 162 Lueas, F. A. Mustela pennanti fossil i in ah hon ee Sale vii ——— Exhibition of flashlight photo- graphs of living animals .... viii LA DIG eee ae 102 Toon M.W.,Jr. The classification of the hares, rabbits and DLR cS oS tS 4 Leysacine. tors. ke ee ry eg | ts UT A ce a a eR i9 TASOVRS i eae ee Ts 19 M WGI shi heer Be Pe erika . 170 MAMA eee o eS a ae es 171 Marlatt, C. L. Individual and specific characters in minute insects as shown under the microscope ... ix Marsh, M.C. Thegasdiseasein fishes ix Maxon, W.R. Some Jamaican termite THOS ae eR a a hae a tae 3 ix McGregor, R. C. Zosterops flavissiina McGregor, preoccupied ...... 165 a ar puicare. eo tears MgO Gace 53 ania companied ariatins Secret COIR Sees Gare nee oye 8 gener Roo aioe, oa, 8 MOU 55. SSF Sette ae 102 Meneatho a0 5 eee Se ies 1,32 Merriam, C. H. Four new grasshop- per mice, genus Onychomys . . 123-126 —— Two new squirrels . of ‘the Aberti group . 129-130 Jack rabbits of the Lepus cam- pestris group... 131-134 Unrecognized jack rabbits of the Lepus terianus group . . . 135-138 New and little known kan- garoo rats of the genus Perodi- pus 139-146 Four new bears from North RIMCTICR Bek 1538-156 A new coyote from southern BICKICS 2 et ee 157-158 A new sea otter from southern Caltfornia =... 3e . . - . 159-160 Mertensia nevadensis ......... 96 Mexico, a winter trip to hy eats rere 6 > Wilida’ 2.222205 Miller, G. S. Jr. The species of Geum occurring near Washington ... . 101 Mim macitia wale sou es ee 78 Mirabilis californica. ......... 93 gitinise a peas Mirabilis evista aie 93 £079 Co BOAO ete Meare Ras apa eRe Ccktn Ge erae, 11 Mollusk fauna of Alaska ..:.... x Monoptygma spirata ......... 10 SEPIA dee. alco Be See ue eh 6 Sty literme A Ue he eee tg 8 BUG Sone as a ee ore a Moore, G. T. The fixation of atmos- pheric nitrogen by bacteria .... ix Mormula TISSOUIG oO 9 Morris, E. L. The history and repro- duction of the bush areas ; Mt. Whitney, a-tripto. ..... ; Mule, fertihty Of 176409 85 Mumiola ccyak oe. les Riyinkn inde 2p cement e Perea tt Murchisonelia oo) ee 4 SPCOWUAE Sec. a aie coe 4 Muscicapa cooper oo... 61% ses: ae querulus *si6'..30 62. aay 7 TOSIGUNUIS. sihscs0'e “accent 2 CRC 30 tfésiigrioe, 604. es 49 VHUCAEARODRIS os. a 41 PNM 5.20974 CA Rees eh coin Sees BARD 7 ‘| iho. 5: Sasa g Spat Uber as be che, Ma em ret |? 13 CORD rie ait as BANE a Sees 13 N Mannorchiltis. oie ens Le 102 INCCLES ODSCHIMUIS?. 17:3. 0S) Oe 3 Nelson, Aven. New plants from Ne- 0b: aia eae Best Pe ected a -98 A decade of new plant HOMES fsck Oa eas 99-1 Plante andrewsee . . 173-180 Nelson, KE. W. A winter trip to Mexico. vii Notes on the habits of two re- markable fish from southern Mex- DOO aire ste es ch he hp ey Ut oes ix A revision of the North Amer- ican mainland species of Myiar- CRUE ec OS, Rt Ry Mee ey ae ant 21-50 Descriptions of seven new rab- bits from Mexico : 103-110 Descriptions of new squirrels from Mestco: woe teens 147-150 Descriptions of four new birds THOME TICG OS eee 151-152 Nemexia melica + - 0.0... te tes 75 Neotoma ferruguinea ........ 79 isthisice 2.66) Sar ee 80 va Sig a ae a aeettegs: CE eee 81 Se ee a er a ee Ae ee 79 5 of ia wi epelces wieder 81 184 O OPC TBO TS i Rocce ante tee Se were 2 MOTOS oi le cree oe ancen etinly Pl sen 4 PAOREIO on eres Se eetigy ried oy se 14 COSTAR 5k ore ee ees eet Ae PPAR es Oe Se EE 14 BE el Oo ON ear eh Oleg et eae Pee 12 OB ES IE SO a SE re Ss Gee Ta AZ ce een), Sapa erase get Baoan 12 CROATIA Fo Gig are aoe eas yo eRe 12 DAGStLOMIG oy ky oe ae a eee 4, 9,13 emericanas 2. 26s ee 12;.16 CHAD VTEE ON os aS a 12 CONSDICNR ws 6s GAR 13 QSLCHORINS as fk eS 12 TON GMUTREB oe cc steele 8 jeffreysiana ... ....... 10 MAVENS Fee es seised te Lhe BOR is 6 ho: Sone ORY OR ee 10, 15 PERO CR oa rset ds Ue AOS te 13 POTPIP GTA os Copeibe hs tiara ae 11 Odostoniieln |) 8s kose Se 10 Oldys, H. W. The use of our musical seale by birds . . ASS: viii Some new bird songs Are tse x Onychomys albescens ........ 124 MNES oe cotece) errs ek ecto 124 Rl] gay, SD RDROTO OE ee Rete Mabe BCR eet 123 WHMAOHISAS «5100s oan, Paes 124 OnVeOnoppervis 3 Sco ee Ae Ss 42 Orina pineuicula 6. 2S iheoug 6 CPN ON Re ee ts 6 Osgood, W. H. The caribou of Alaska viii Haplomylomys, a new subgenus of Peromyscus . . 53-54 ——— Thirty new mice of the genus Peromyscus from Mexico and Gua- temala 55-78 Two new pocket mice of the genus Perognathus ...... 127-128 OLOPICUTO 3 Ae: a Hie ee ee 5 P Palmer, Wm. ribs pastetet simplex in Virginia os AAR Te sete Sette gi RE ate be 65 Parthenia armate, cos a secs eo S 11 GING GTINBE oars, Fins Chine AN Sal 11 POPLNENING S20. Mat ae elo gh eeee oh 10 POTENCHONE: = 2-.27.b ese woos ae eee 170 PAPMS WOUWEDETL. 68 48 oc 26 FeGICUIATIS gragyh 205 5.6266 Se ee 100 POCOER 80h) letra eclian ong ph eee wel 100 POlBX1a SCtACEH Aoi ok Pires 116 Pentstemon formosus ........ 100 RW ay 2 od 8 OES tie 97 eat st ee reat ine eee rte Pes 97 Pulehollus, 34s es - . 100 PUTICOUS 2 ont aire ele Shea 100 POQW ohh ek hia he 97 DOT ONG 56. F 5. S ee er ae 100 MM PLCUER 2g oye pr scmnke Sotelo AB tala 96 POVISViCHie Oke Og Mn ae Good 9 NOPBUG Si Si ees Ee 9 Perodipus cabezonze 144 WOLGMANE 3 ae eC irs 143 BRI oa Sih rae roe ee 141 SOVIDGSi5 ose ere og 145 MUCHOS iol aos Ea oe oe 145 SIOUCANUS 6S ee fe nge wo LEO SUMGIANG 26s a ey 4d SUMAPONSIS. oo ee ee 143 eres bhaineann Pinatas 143 MSUUE Ara sc een Ae 142 Perognathus perniger:. ... 2.0... 127 OCMEUS oe Se tone cat eae 128 Peromyscus allex ........... 76 allophylus ........ Dr ren jt The Biological Society of Washington. Peromyscus altilaneus ........ 74 Hen HS os as ace Bee ee ee eee 62 angelensis . . 2... 44.5.5 69 badius pete eet (eee eS te 70 WaublatisS oe i, Re ea 63 Castancus.. 8 ins Beis 58 consobrings 2 oe ais 66 SVIGES it Bie Ga ee 64 eremicoides....... aye BYEMICUB ° ois ee eee 54 falviis oo eos Se 57 WOMENS. 02 6 uk cel S ig ee eas 61 golden 2 ee ee a 75 lOphUrus 6) ee iataaa' melanocarpus ........ 73 MESOMISTAS |. 6 ee es 57 migresCems (2a eR ee 76 pectoralis . «6S Sh a a 59 phapurus:... 06-6) eee eee 75 HOMES . os boy Oe eae 61 simulatus 25055 30 aoe as ee p- gimulaG: 0s 2 a eae 64 teapetisis sos ss aes 69 VichHOr. C2 eee ee 68 NOHUTHS <. 113 finitimo 6 BSS SS 114 Tonatella turrichla oo wee 7 PPPANECCIUE dees he sr otal ts PS 10 Wet ee s503 ONS tidey te agen ora Wtaiens 8 Priptyehus: oo... a4 Yee Sar makes 5 WAV GUS OS oct sett oto gta ae 5 2 eat hepa ined Spat. Si gas Bares 3,4 Trop eee pen he Partie Fears e Or mathe: ahi EE MACE ry 2 Ts 12° ‘Purbo: interstinetas ooo oe re 10 DAVORAS eo See. Ye AT ae cette 13 DHCAL ees ort rity os ce ete 4,13 WICHITA Ss a Uk tat ne hel es STV ALIS 7 te a ieek or 1] MVAPDGHIN Aer aici srs te ee ia S 3:7 Braeden ee on ee , 15 QUO OTR