SEASONAL ABUNDANCE AND SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF LAKE MICHIGAN MACROBENTHOS , 1964-67 WAYNE P. ALLEY and SAMUEL C. MOZLEY Department of Biology, California State University, Los Angeles, and Great Lakes Research Division, University of Michigan Special Report No. 54 Great Lakes Research Division The University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Michigan 1975 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ACKNOWLEDGMENTS V ABSTRACT 1 INTRODUCTION „ 2 METHODS 3 Spatial and temporal distribution of benthos stations 3 On-station procedures 5 Laboratory procedures 7 Taxonomic composition 8 COMMENTS ON THE DESIGN OF THE BIOLOGY PROGRAM 9 DEPTH DISTRIBUTION OF THE MACROZOOBENTHOS 11 Lake-wide study 11 South-end study 16 SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION 18 Influence of depth 18 Influence of upwelling 23 Influence of distance from shore 24 Influence of bottom temperature 25 DISTRIBUTION WITH RESPECT TO DEPTH AND SEDIMENTS 27 LAKE-WIDE PATTERNS OF SEASONAL VARIATION 35 Organization of data 35 Zoobenthic counts 35 Zoobenthic dry weight and biomass 42 LAKE-WIDE PATTERNS OF YEAR-TO-YEAR VARIATION 44 Organization of data 44 Zoobenthic counts 47 Zoobenthic dry weight and biomass 50 FAUNAL COMPOSITION OF MACROZOOBENTHIC BIOMASS 50 Purpose of sub-project 50 Depth distribution of zoobenthic counts and biomass of frozen samples , 52 Comparison of preserved and frozen samples ..... 55 1X1 Page ECOLOGICAL CONSIDERATIONS 57 Factors affecting zoobenthos 57 Turbulence 58 Substrate and organic content 59 Light 60 Interspecific and intraspecif ic behavior 60 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 61 LITERATURE CITED 63 APPENDIX. Benthic data of the Coherent Area Study, 1964-67 67 IV ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Organization and analysis of the data herein and preparation of an initial report were supported under EPA Contract No., 68-01-2650 from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region 5, Great Lakes Initiative Program. This publication supercedes the official final report for that contract, entitled "Study of seasonal abundance and spatial abundance of Lake Michigan macrobenthos," and submitted in June 1975. Minor correc- tions and alterations in text and figures, made with the agreement of the contract officer Mr. Gary Mllburn and the authors, distinguish the initial unpublished report and this published version. Zoobenthos data used in this report were collect€>d by the Great Lakes Research Division, University of Michigan under Fedtiral Water Pollution Control Administration Gtant WP-00311 and National Science Foundation Grant GA-1337. Publication of this report was financed by the Great Lakes Research Division of the University of Michigan. We are most grateful to the many scientists, technicians, and support personnel who collected, sorted, counted and weighed the thousands of sam- ples, and especially those who established the project and supervised it through the years of fieldwork: Charles F. Powers, Andrew Robertson, John C. Ayers, David C. Chandler, Sharon A. Czalka and Jeanne Rose. We also thank John C. Ayers for encouragement in more recent analysis, and we are especially grateful to Charles F. Powers of the Eutrophicatlon and Lake Restoration. Section, Pacific Northwest Laboratory of the Environmental Protection Agency for reviewing the manuscript. ABSTRACT Lake Michigan macrozoobenthos were sampled lakewide on 16 cruises between August 1964 and July 1967. Additional stations in a south end study were sampled less frequently. Zoobenthic samples were analyzed as counts (Amphipods, Oligochaeta, Sphaeriidae and Chironomidae) , formalin dry weight and biomaSs (ash-free dry weight) . Average total counts, dry weight and biomass were significantly less in the south end. Further, the proportion of amphipods was less while the proportion of oligochaetes increased substantially going from north to south in Lake Michigan. Abundance and biomass in the lake-wide survey were influenced by station depth, upwelling and distance from shore. Patterns of seasonal abundance and year-to-year abundance of counts, dry weight and biomass were examined for four depth intervals (15-30, 31-50, 51-80 and greater than 80 m) for the lake-wide survey. Seasonal patterns were observed for amphipods (15-30 and 31-50 m depth intervals) and chironomids (all four depth intervals) . No year-to-year differences were seen in the 15-30 m depth interval for any of the taxonomic groups, dry weight or bioinass. Within the 31-50 m interval oligochaetes were more numerous in 1967, biomass was greatest in 1965, and other taxonomic groups and dry weight showed no significant yearly difference. Beyond a depth of 50 m, amphipods were most abundant in 1965 and 1966, oligochaetes most abundant in 1965 and 1967, the abundance of sphaeriids was lowest in 1964 but generally in- creased with each succeeding year, and no significant yearly differences were observed for chironomids. Biomass was higher in 1965 and 1966 in the 51-80 m depth interval, and beyond 80 m it was greatest in 1965. Amphipods formed 79.4% of zoobenthic dry weight followed by oligochaetes with 12.0%, sphaeriids with 7.7% and chironomids with 0.9%. Composition of zoobenthic biomass was: amphipods 87.8%, oligochaetes 9.1%, sphaeriids 2.2% and chironomids 0.9%. A comparison of frozen and formalin-preserved samples showed no significant differences in dry weight and biomass. An appendix is provided with all the data to serve as a basis for future comparisons. Analysis was designed to assist in such comparisons and to aid the planning of future benthic surveys. High priority should be attached to standardization of methods and units of measurements, establishment of publicly accessible, computerized repositories for survey data, more thorough taxonomic and geographical characterization of benthic fauna in Lake Michigan, and analysis of the factors controlling both natural and perturbed populations of benthos. Better mechanisms for communication among research€>rs, industrial repre- sentatives, regulatory agencies, and governmental units are needed to interpret observed changes in benthos and use them more effectively as a basis for policies of water use and regional planning. INTRODUCTION From 1964 to 1967, the Great Lakes Research Division of the University of Michigan conducted an extensive study of temporal and spatial distributions of the macrozoobenthos of Lake Michigan as part of its Coherent Area Study of the lake (Ayers and Chandler 1967) . The intent of the Coherent Area Study was to establish lake-wide reference points on the quality and quantities of organic matter in biological systems, as well as nutrient cycles, patterns of water circulation, erosion and deposition of sediments, annual temperature cycles, and cllmatological characteristics of the lake. Zoobenthic data collected as part of this study provided the foundation for numerous diversified studies before funding was terminated in 1967. Prac- tical studies of the efficiencies of sampling devices (Powers and Robertson 1967) preceded detailed studies of the life cycles and biology of two dom- inant zoobenthic species, PontoTpoveia aff-tnis (Alley 1968) and Mysis reliota (McWilliam 1970) , .and taxonomy and distribution of Sphaeriidae (Robertson 1967). Direct observations from a submersible showed the midwater distri- bution of P. affinis and M. veli-ota (Robertson, Powers and Anderson 1968), and small-scale patterns of the spatial distribution of zoobenthos were determined from benthos samples collected by divers (Alley and Anderson 1968) . Further, the abundance of the macrozoobenthos was used in comparative studies of the eutrophication of Lake Michigan (Robertson and Alley 1966) and the upper Great Lakes (Alley and Powers 1970) . A considerable amount of biological data has been stored at the Great Lakes Research Division since 1968, including some which had been subjected to only preliminary analysis (Powers and Alley 1967; Powers, Robertson, Czaika and Alley 1967) and other data which have never been reported in the literature. Analysis was renewed in 1972 (Mozley and Alley 1973; Alley and Mozley 1975). The present report covers all existing data from the lake-wide surveys, including previously unreported information from 1966-67 , supplementary stations in the more polluted south end of the lake, and a special study of the taxonomic composition of macrozoobenthic biomass. As such, this report becomes the core document for the entire zoobenthic project of the Coherent Area Study and extensively supplements, and partly supplants, preliminary re^ ports (Ayers and Chandler 1967). It represents the largjest, most comprehen- sive set of data collected for the offshore zoobenthos of any Great Lake, and constitutes a benchmark for future studies of ecological changes in Lake Michigan . The data are analyzed for each major taxon (Amphipoda, Oligochaeta, Sphaeriidae and Chironomidae) , dry weight and biomass (ash-free dry weight) to the extent that principal distributional trends which follow depth, latitude, longitude and seasons, and year-to-year changes imposed on these trends, are documented. While more exhaustive analyticeil regimes might be conceived and possibly carried out in the future, we feel that this report covers all trends of major importance in interpreting the data. METHODS Spatial and Temporal Di-stvibuti-on of Benthos Stations Thirty-three benthos stations located along five cross-lake transects, plus two stations positioned off Muskegon, Michigan, were routinely monitored in triplicate from August to November 1964, from April to November 1965 and from March to June 1966 as part of the Lake Michigan Coherent Area Study (Ayers and Chandler 1967) (Fig. 1). Benthos data accumulated from this sam- pling program were presented as a subsection of the "Lake Michigan Biological Data, 1964-66" by Powers et al. (1967). Sampling continued at stations on the A, C and E transects from July to November 1966 and from April to July 1967. Data from the later samples had not been publicly available heretofore, and the entire data of the lake-wide survey are presented in the Appendix of this report. In addition to the lake-wide survey, 16 stations positioned along five transects in southern Lake Michigan were sampled in triplicate on an irreg- ular basis between May 1965 and May 1967 (Fig. 2). Although we presented seperate analysis of these data elsewhere (Mozley and Alley 1973) the raw data will be presented for the first time in the Appendix. The latitude, longitude, average depth and most frequently described sediment type of the 35 stations of the lake-wide survey and the 16 stations sampled in the south- Kewaunee Ludington Sheboygan Racine Waukegan Chicogo „<• Frankforf Muskegon Holland South Haven • • •/• Benton Harbor 50 -J Kilometers FIG. 1. Index map of the Lake Michigan benthos stations of the long-term study- area. Stations were sampled from 1964 to 1967. Chicago Benton Harbor New Buffalo . Gory Michigan City Jf Kilometer* FIG. 2. Index map of benthos stations located in the south end of Lake Michigan. Stations were sampled on an irregular basis from 1965 to 1967. ern area are presented in Tables 1 and 2. On-Station Procedures Data collection was carried out from two Great Lakes Research Division ships, the R/V MYSIS and the R/V INLAND SEAS. Each vessel was equipped with radar, Raytheon fathometer, hydrographic and heavy duty winches, and other 'Equipment appropriate for large-^scale investigations. At each sta- tion depth was recorded from the fathometer and converted to meters, stan- dard meteorological observations were taken, water transparency was deter- mined by a Secchi disc, surface temperature was measured with a thermistor, a bathythermograph cast was made, and three grab samples of the bottom were taken. Bottom samples were taken at each station with a Smith-^clntyre grab until June 1965 and a Ponar grab sampler thereafter (Powers and Robertson 1967). The entire sample of a grab was transferred into a large tub where the sediment type was evaluated according to appearance and texture by a trained observer. The grab sample was washed into the hopper of an elutriation-screening device described by Powers and Robertson (1965) , and animals were separated from finer sediments by vigorous washing and decan- ting from the hopper through a spout and onto an attached, cylindrical, 0.5-mm mesh screen. The screened residue of benthic macroinvertebrates and sediment was subsequently transferred into an attached mason jar and pre- served with 5-10% buffered formalin. Powers and Robertson (1968) felt that field observers could visually distinguish four categories of sediments (sand, silty sand-sandy silt, silt-clay and layered sediments) with a high degree of reliability. Mozley and Alley (1973) separated silt-sand mixtures into two categories and added two additional categories. The following scheme was utilized in this re^ port: gravel or pebbles; coarse or medium sand; clean, fine sand; silty sand; sandy silt; and silt or clay. Many kinds of layered sediments rang- ing from "sand over silt" to "light clay over dark clay" occurred in south- end samples. Since these did not represent uniform sediment types, we utilized only the description of the uppermost layer of the sample. TABLE 1. Location, depth and most frequently described sediment of the lake-wide benthos stations. Location Depth (m) Most descr: frequently Station N. Lat. W. Long. Lbed sediment A-1 42°06'30" 86°32'00" 18 Coarse or Medium sand A- 2 42°06'00" 86°37'00" 35 Silt, Clay A- 3 42°05'30" 86°43'00" 70 Silt, Clay A- 4 42°03'30" 87°06'30" 74 Silt, Clay A- 5 41°57'00" 87°18'30" 43 Silty sand A-6 41°52'00" 87°27'00" 18 Gravel, Pebbles B-1 42°24'00" 86°20'30" 19 Coars( a or Medium sand B-2 42°24'00" 86°27'00" 47 Sandy silt B-3 42°24'00" 86°35'30" 68 Silt, Clay B-4 42°23'30" 87°01'00" 129 Silt, Clay B-5 42°22'30" 87°21'00" 108 Silt, Clay B-6 42°22'30" 87°30'00" 83 Silt, Clay B-7 42°22'00" 87°40'00" 45 Sllty sand B-8 42° 22 '00" 87°47'30" 11 Sllty sand C-1 42°49'40" 86''14'50" 20 Coarse or Medium sand C-2 42°49'40" 86°18'25" 50 Silt, Clay C-3 42°49'10" 86°28'25" 77 Silt, Clay C-4 42°48'50" 86°41'30" 108 Silt, Clay C-5 42°49'00" 86°50'00" 157 Silt, Clay C-6 42°47'40" 87°26'50" 99 Sandy silt C-7 42°47'30" 87°34'30" 55 Sllty sand X-1 43°08'00" 86°23'00" 38 Sandy silt X-2 43°12'00" 86°31'00" 93 Sandy silt D-1 43°57'00" 86°33'00" 30 Sllty sand D-2 43°56'00" 86°39'30" 98 Sandy silt D-3 43°54'00" 86°51'30" 170 Silt, Clay D-4 43°48'00" 87°03'00" 131 Silt, Clay D-5 43°38'40" 87°31'00" 119 Sandy silt D-6 43°44'00" 87°38'00" 30 Sllty sand E-1 44°37'30" 86°18'12" 44 Sllty sand E-2 44°37'00" 86°21'42" 197 Silt, Clay E-3 44''34'00" 86°40'00" 271 Silt, Clay E-4 44°30'18" 86°55'18" 216 Silt, Clay E-5 44°25'30" 87°10'18" 173 Silt, Clay E-6 44°27'48" 87°26'25" 33 Silty sand TABLE 2. Location, depth and most frequently described sediment of the south end benthos stations. Locat ion Depth (m) Most frequently Station N. lat. W . long . described sediment G-1 41°38'30" 87°19'00" 14 Fine sand G-2 41°46'30" 87°15'12" 21 Fine sand G-3 41°54'42" 87 11' 12" 38 Silty sand S-1 41°42'12" 87''26'18" 14 Silty sand S-2 41°45'54" 87°23'18" 17 Silty sand S-3 41°51'00" 87°19'12" 25 Gravel , Pebbles S-4 41°56'06" 87°15'06" 40 Silty sand V-1 41°41'48" 87°00'48" 16 Gravel, Pebbles V-2 41°49'00" 87°02'54" 29 Silty sand V-3 41°56'18" 87''05'12" 50 Sandy silt P-1 41°57'30" 86°37'00" 20 Fine sand P-2 41°59'36" 86''44'12" 41 Silt, Clay P-3 42°01'48" 86°51'00" 67 Silt, Clay N-1 41°50'30" 86°47'00" 14 Gravel, Pebbles N-2 41°53'30" 86*'52'00" 40 Silt, Clay N-3 41°58'00" 86°59'00" 61 Silt, Clay Laboratory Procedures Bottom temperatures were determined in the laboratory by superimposing a BT slide upon the appropriate calibration grid which, in turn, had been inserted into a photographic enlarger as described by Noble (1967). An enlarged image of the BT trace and calibration grid was printed on a 3 x 5 inch piece of photographic paper and bottom temperature was read to the nearest 0.1 C from the photograph. In the laboratory, animals from each sample were sorted and counted according to major taxonomic categories. Amphipoda, Oligochaeta, Sphaeriidae and Chironomidae constituted practically all the macrozoobenthos. Ostracods, mysids, roundworms, bryozoan colonies, etc. were minor constit- uents of the samples and probably not sampled efficiently. These taxa were not included in the quantitative considerations. Other occasional invertebrates such as leeches, snails and flatworms were counted, combined as a single category "Others," and included in total counts. After counting, animals, in each, sample Tjyrere recojubined into a crucible, oven-dried 24 hr at 50 C, weighed, and ash,ed in a muffle furnace at 600 C for 45 min. The weight of the ash was subtracted from the dry weight to obtain ash-free dry weight, defined as biomass in this paper and given in the "ash-free weight" of the Appendix. Data analysis was generally based on the one-way analysis of variance. When terms such as "significant" or "not significant" occur in the text, they refer to F-ratio comparisons at the 0.05 level unless stated otherwise. All analysis was conducted on the California State University computer sys- tem. For present purposes, we have defined depths of 0-10 m to be littoral, 11-30 m sublittoral, and greater than 30 m profundal. The range 26-50 m is referred to as epiprofundal. These terms are used in broad analogy to, rather than strict compliance with, their definitions in smaller lakes. Taxonomic Composit-ion of Biomass Triplicate samples for determining contributions of each of the major taxa to zoobenthic biomass were taken with Smith-Mclntyre and Ponar grab samplers at six stations of the C transect (C-1, 2, 3, 5, 6 and 7) 27 May 1968 (Fig. 3). Benthic macro invertebrates were separated from most of the sediments by the elutriation screening device, and organisms and residual sediments were placed in plastic bags and frozen aboard the research vessel. Triplicate samples were taken with the Ponar at stations E-3 and E-4 11 September 1967 to determine the composition of biomass in the deepest parts of the lake. These samples were preserved with buffered formalin. Latitude, longitude, average depth and most frequently observed sediment type for these stations are given in Table 1. Organisms were separated from residual sediments in the laboratory, placed in taxonomic categories and counted. Individual taxa from each sam- ple were usually placed in separate crucibles and dry weights and biomasses were determined as described above. Sometimes, when taxa counts were small triplicate samples were combined into a single crucible and the average standing stock was determined. Fronkfort Milwaukee Racine Chicago FIG. 3. Index map of benthos stations used in determining the zoobenthic compo- sition of biomass. COMMENTS ON THE DESIGN OF THE BIOLOGY PROGRAM Stations on the A, B and C transects were located primarily with respect to major surficial sediments as described by Ayers and Hough (1964) and, to a limited extent, by bath3nnetric features. Stations of the D and E transects were positioned according to major bathymetric features because detailed information on bottom sediments was not available for that part of the lake. The locations of certain stations of the lake-wide survey were influenced by the position of Eggleton's benthos stations (1936, 1937) in order to facilitate comparisons of the early 1930' s benthic composition with that of the mid-1960' s. These comparisons were reported by Robertson and Alley (1966) . The five transects located around the extreme southern margin of the lake were positioned according to sediment types (Ayers and Hough 1964) , bathj^metric features, and proximity to possible sources of pollution and cultural eutrophication. Three stations on each, lake'-tf^ride transect CA-3, 4, 6; C-"3, 5, 7; D-2, 4, 5; and E-2, 3, 5) x^rere designated as "complete" stations. Sampling was carried out at these stations for suspended particulate matter (phytoplankton plus detritus), zooplankton, macrozoobenthos, bottom sediment, dissolved organic matter, and filterable residue on evaporation. At the remaining stations, only benthos and sediments were sampled. Although benthos studies provided a wealth of useful information, sev- eral unavoidable shortcomings existed in this section of the biological program. Only one station (B-8 Appendix) of the five cross-lake transects was located ocoasionally in the littoral, and only 7 of 35 stations covered sublittoral depths (Table 1) . A preponderance of stations lay in the pro- fundal. Very few stations were positioned near shore. Even though the nearshore benthos community occupies comparatively little of the total lake bottom, it has great value in revealing changes caused by pollution and cultural eutrophication near shoreline effluents. Analysis of benthic fauna with respect to only five taxonomic categories limited the usefulness of the data. Analysis of the zoobenthos at species level would have offered greater sensitivity for comparing temporal changes in environmental quality. Only since 1967 have taxonomic advances enabled detailed identification of many groups of benthos, however. Future studies should unquestionably include species-level analysis. The data presented here, however, have been collected over a large portion of the lake with good seasonal and spatial replication over several years, and as such represent an extraordinarily detailed and extensive record of major zoobenthic taxa. Although no species-level data are given here, this admitted shortcoming is tempered by two circumstances. First, three of the major taxa, Amphipoda, Sphaeriidae and Chironomidae can be considered essentially unispecific at depths over 50 m, Fontopore'ia affinis (Henson 1966) , Pisidiim oonventus (Robertson 1967) and Heterotrissooladius cf. subpilosus (Henson 1966), respectively. P. af finis is the only species of amphlpod reported to date from depths over 20 m in Lake Michigan. Data on species composition of oligochaetes in various parts of the lake are reviewed by Howmiller (1974b) and Mozley and Howmiller (in press). Second, a full set of intact samples which were taken at lake- 10 wide survey stations ±n 1964 is. in s^torage at the Great Lakes Research Division, University of Michigan in Ann Arbor, and is available for species'- level analysis. Finally, it should be pointed out that records or unsorted samples of Mysis peliota from grab s:ami>les, vertical zooplankton tows and epibenthic sled samples exist for most of these same stations at the Great Lakes Research Division and are available for comparison with other benthic data. DEPTH DISTRIBUTION OF THE MACROZOOBENTHOS Lake-Wide Study Benthic data collected from 34 stations of the long-term study were combined into discrete depth intervals that demonstrated the overall depth profile of the zoobenthic counts, dry weight and biomass of the sublittoral and profundal areas of the lake. For convenience, we referred to each in- terval by its mid -point, but the reader should keep in mind that a small range of surrounding depths was included. Benthos data of station B-8, the shallowest station (Table 1), were excluded from analysis. Subsequent sampling in the sublittoral environment from other areas in the lake (Mozley and Howmiller, in press) has revealed that counts, dry weight and biomass were atypically high at B-8, and this station could not be considered rep- resentative of its depth interval. Data were averaged over S-in intervals from 15-100 m and 10-m intervals from 110-270 m (Figs. 4 and 5) for counts, dry weight and biomass. For instance, data from depths of 13-17 m were combined to represent the "15-m interval." Amphipods, represented exclusively by the species Pontoporeia affin-is^ had an average standing stock of 2,200/m^ at 15 m and increased fourfold to a maximum of 8,900/m^ at 25 m. Average abundance in the 25-35 m depth inter- val, however, was 8t750/m^, but Pontoporei-a counts declined sharply in the 40-65 m interval, where the average was 6,000/m^. From 70-130 m, numbers dropped by almost half to an average of 3,20Q/m^, and from 140-210 m counts again declined by half to l,6Q0/m^. Beyond 220 m the counts of Pontoporeia averaged about 500/m^. The average count of oligochaetes was about 600/m'- at 15 m, but numbers increased to a maximum of almost 4,000/m^ at 35 m. From 40-65 m numbers 11 xlO* 15 y- Z o '^ 5. 25 f'Jii'iii^ 1 A O S C ir^^ 50 75 100 xlQ 1 1 II Itipl 200 DEPTH, 250 FIG. 4. Depth distriBution of zoobenthic counts In the lake-wide study (A = Amphipoda, = Oligo- chaeta, S = Sphaeriidae and C = Chironomidae) , The vertical line represents one standard deviation of the total count. Scale of measurement changes for the 110-270 m depth interval. 12 110 150 200 DEPTH, M 250 FIG. 5. Depth distribution of zoobenthlc dry weight and biomass in the lake-wide study. Total area of a rectangle represents average dry weight and dark- ened area represents average biomass. The vertical line equals one standard deviation of biomass. Scale of measurement changes in the 110-270 m depth interval. 13 dropped sharply, averaging 2,lQ0/jn^ witlviii this, range of depths. From 70- 170 m they declined even more rapidly to an average of 500/m^, and beyond 170 m the average was only ISO/m^. Sphaeriidae showed an average density of only 100/m^ at 15 m. A max- imum concentration of 4,400/m^ was reached at 35 m, but from 40-55 m sphaeriids dropped to 2,200/m^, and the average numbers declined by almost half to 1,170/m^ in the next 10 m. The sphaeriid counts declined steadily from 500/m2 at 75 m to 125/m^ at 120 m, and beyond 130 m numbers declined slowly to 8/m^ at 270 m. Chironomids averaged 50/m^ from 15-20 m, 110 /m^ from 20-35 m, and reached a maximiam concentration of 210/m^ at 40 m. From 45-70 m counts averaged 145/m2, but dropped from SO/m^ at 75 m to 20/m^ at 170 m. Beyond 180 m the average count was only 7/m^, but chironomids were found in low numbers of 2/m^ even at the greatest depths of the lake. Amphipods were, by a large margin, the most abundant zoobenthic organ- ism in the lake, followed by oligochaetes , sphaeriids and chironomids in that order (Table 3) . Almost three-fourths of the macrozoobenthic organisms were amphipods. They averaged 60% of the total count from 15-70 m; from 75-110 m, 75%; and beyond 120 m, 82%. The overall depth distribution of the macrozoobenthos counts presented here conformed to that reported by Powers and Alley (1967). Although their results were based on the same stations, their data were collected only from August 1964 to June 1966. The lake-wide average total count of macro- TABLE 3. Average counts and the percentage that each taxonomic group contributes to the macro- zoobenthos. Average Percent Group count /m^ of total 73 18 8 1 Amphipoda 2822 Oligochaeta 696 Sphaeriidae 309 Chironomidae 46 14 zoobenthos, reported by Powers and Alley Tj^aa 4,283/m^, T^rhile the same com- puted value presented here Is 3,873/m^. Thts difference of 41Q/m^ Tsras due largely to the fact that the present study excluded the IQ-m interval (Station B-8) , which contained an average total count of slightly more than 13,800/m^. The elimination of the 10-m interval also caused a substantial change in the percentage composition as follows: amphipods 74%, oligochaetes 18%, sphaeriids 8% and chironomids 1%. Powers and Alley reported: amphipods 64%, oligochaetes 20%, sphaeriids 15% and chironomids 1%. Overall depth distributions of dry weight and biomass were quite sim- ilar (Fig. 5). Maximum values of 11.8 g/m^ for dry weight and 7.8 g/m^ for biomass were reached at 35 m, but 25 and 30 m had similar values. Biomass declined from 45 to 70 m, and again from 120 to 220 m. The distribution was remarkably uniform in the 220-270 m depth interval, as demonstrated by an average dry weight value of 0.28 g/m^ and 0.23 g/m^ for biomass. Weights of benthos were also relatively consistent between 70 and 120 m. The grand average dry weight lakewide was 2.6 g/m^, while the same value reported by Powers and Alley (1967) was 3.6 g/m^. This was because station B-8, representing the 10-m interval, was used in the Powers and Alley study and it supported an average of 23.5 g/m^. The grand average biomass of the present study was 2.1 g/m^, while Powers and Alley reported 2.3 g/m^. Biomass was, on an overall basis, equal to about 80% of the dry weight of the macrozoobenthos before ashing, but the proportion of inorganic matter in dry weights decreased with increasing depth. Biomass constituted only 47% of dry weight in the 15-20 m interval, but from 25-55 m it in- creased to 77%, and beyond 60 m its proportion increased to 84%. Variation of counts, dry weight and biomass collected from stations located in the shallow areas of the lake was much greater than those taken from deeper waters. The magnitude of this variation can be expressed as the coefficient of variation, which permits comparisons of large means and standard deviations with smaller means and their correspondingly smaller standard deviations. The coefficient of variation for total counts ex- ceeded 100% in the 15-20 m interval, dropped to 45% from 25-190 m and in- creased slightly to 61% in the 200-270 m interval. Magnitudes of relative variations in dry weight and biomass, for the most part, were identical. 15 Tke only significant deviation occurred in the 15-2Q n interval, vrhere the coefficient of variation was 132% for dry yelght and 100% for biomass. Co- efficients of variation of both measurements dropped to 51% in the ZS'-AS m interval and declined further to 41% at 50-190 m. A slight increase to 64% was found in the 200-270 m interval. South-End Study Zoobenthic counts at stations in the extreme southern part of the lake differed from lakewide data in several respects (Fig. 6). The average total count at 10 m was slightly more than 2,150/m^, with oligochaetes comprising 74% and amphipods only 14% of the total count. A maximum concentration of 9,100/m2 occurred at 30 m, while the average count over the 30-60 m depth interval was 8,200/m^. Maximum concentrations of amphipods, sphaeriids and chironomids were found at 40 m while oligochaetes were most abundant at 30 m. Beyond 60 m, counts declined in a fashion similar to data from the lake-wide survey. A statistical comparison of depth distributions in the extreme southern basin and the lake-wide survey indicated that no significant differences in average total counts occurred in the 15-20 m intervals, but from 25-60 m average counts for the south end were significantly less than for the lake- wide study. Table 4 presents a comparison of the taxonomic compositions of the two study sites. The average total count of the lake-wide study was 10,200/m^, while the south end averaged only 6,900/m^ for the 15-75 m depth interval. Amphipods accounted for 60% of the total count over the 15-75 m inter- val in the lake-wide survey but represented only 47% in the south end. This drop in amphipods was accompanied by a substantial increase in oligochaetes. The proportion of sphaeriids also declined slightly in the south end, but the proportion of chironomids was nearly identical in both study areas. The depth distributions of the dry weight and biomass were similar in appearance in the south end of the lake (Fig. 7). Average dry weight at 10 m was nearly 3.0 g/m^ and biomass 1.0 g/m^. Dry weights increased gradually to a maximum of 8.7 g/m^ and biomasses 5.5 g/m^ at a depth of 16 (U bO o >, u •H ta (u ^ 3 > 4J -U ttt C to 0) CO ,n TJ ^u C x »— a. lU o o N o c o •H 4-1 3 ,fl •H •U CO CO 3 fl. O 0) CO u C (U •H tH M to C to cd CS 4J o •H •a ,n (U ■u c 1-1 p. rt o cu P 4J Cfl ^ Cfl cfl to 4J CD CO CO -H S > O OJ •U -H 13 60 •T3 •H ^ cu cfl H > 4J 13 CO CO jW/SlNnOD 0) CO cfl •u T3 C m C •H O K 3 o o o •H C O 17 TABLE 4. A taxonomic comparison of the. 15-75 m depth, interval of the lake-\|iflde survey and the southr-end study. Lafce.'^Tilride Average counts /m^ survey Percent of total South-end study Groups Average counts/m^ Percent of total Amphipoda Oligochaeta Sphaeriidae Chironomidae 6173 1953 1983 130 60.3 19.1 19.4 1.3 3235 2455 1075 96 47.2 35.8 15.5 1.4 30 m. Beyond 35 m the hiomass remained relatively constant at 3.1 g/m^. A statistical comparison of data from the 15-70 m depth interval of lake-wide and south-end studies showed that the south end contaiiied signif- icantly more hiomass at 15 m. No difference existed at 20 m, but from 25 to 50 m the concentration of biomass was significantly less in the south end. No significant differences existed in the 60-70 m depth interval. SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION Influence of Depth Geographical patterns in total zoobenthic counts throughout the lake generally conformed to depth contours (Figs. 8, 9 and 10). The nearshore maxima along east and west depth gradients usually fell within the 30-55 m depth interval. The average total counts were quite variable at three stations in the 10-m depth interval. These stations (G-1, S-1 and N-1) , which were posi- tioned along the extreme southern margin of the lake, contained average counts that ranged from 3,100/m^ to 5,800/m^. Station B-8, located off Waukegan, sustained an average total count of nearly 14,000/m^. Average counts found in the 15-30 m interval showed distinct regional trends. Stations located along the eastern margin of the lake from Ludington to South Haven (D-l, C-1 and B-1) had average total counts of at least lO.OOO/m^. Station D-6 off Sheboygan, the only station on the west side within this depth interval, had an average total count of 15,500/ m^. The southern margins of the lake from Benton Harbor to Chicago gener- is ally showed a considerable reduction, T«rith counts ranging from 600/m^ to 3,400/m2. Stations. V-2 at 10,400/m2 and P-1 at nearly 7,000/51^ were notable exceptions to this trend. Counts of zoobenthos in the 31-50 m interval followed the same basic patterns as those in the 15-30 m interval. Station A-2 had the greatest average counts at 20,600/m2, followed by E-6 with 17,500/m2 and C-2 with 16,000/m^. Eight stations in this interval on and north of the A transect (A-2, A-5, B-2, B-7, C-2, X-1, E-1 and E-6) had an average total count of 13,300/m^, while stations located south of the A transect (N-2, G-3, S-4, V-3 and P-2) had an average count of only 6,100/m^. The deepest station of the lake (E-3, at 270 m) had an average count of 620/m^. Use of the ratio of the number of amphipods to the number of ollgochaetes as a zoobenthic parameter was introduced by Powers and Robertson (1965) . Although this ratio does not take into account the absolute numbers found within taxonomic groups, it can be used to compare wide geographical areas with differing abundances. Powers and Robertson found that at all stations except A-3, A-4 and A-5 the ratio was greater than one (amphipods exceeded ollgochaetes). Furthermore, a northward increase was found with ratios in the southern basin ranging from less than 1 to 5, but ratios were from 6 to greater than 200 in the northern basin. Since their results were based on samples taken only from August to November 1964 and did not include any observations from the extreme south- ern portion of the lake, it seemed reasonable to reexamine their conclu- sions with the more extensive data available to us. All stations of the present study except B-8 had a ratio of the grand means for the two taxa greater than one. With the exception of C-2 at 1.5, all stations of the C transect and north of it had ratios that ranged from 4 to 43. Shallow, nearshore stations south of the C transect generally maintained ratios close to or less than one. In the extreme southern basin, 10 of the 16 stations had ratios less than one. Several of the mid-depth, offshore stations had ratios less than one, as exemplified by station P-3 at a depth of 67 m and 24.5 km from shore with a ratio of 0.45 and S'-3 at a depth of 25 m and 21.5 km from shore with a ratio of 0.53. Areal patterns of dry weight and biomass generally reflected the patterns of zoobenthos abundance for the lake (Figs. 11, 12 and 13). The 19 4 2 1X10 /m CD KILOMETERS FIG. 8. Average zoobenthic counts of the D and E tran- sects. The midpoint of the rectangle base is positioned at the station stop (A = Amphipoda, = Oligochaeta, S = Sphaeriidae and C = Chironamidae) . \X}0^/N? A O S c S\ 5PP ^mm )!UU!I vv.v. ma. 25 KILOMETERS FIG. 9. Average zoobenthic counts of the C and X tran- sects. The midpoint of the rectangle base is positioned at the station stop (A = Amphipoda, = Oligochaeta, S = Sphaeriidae, C = Chironomidae) . 20 KILOMETERS FIG. 10. Average total count of zoobenthos of the A, B, P, V, G and S transects. The midpoint of the rec- tangle base is positioned at the station stop (A = Amphipoda, = Oligochaeta, S = Sphaeriidae and C = Chironomidae) . lOG/yv? m * KILOMETERS FIG. 11. Average dry weight and biomass of stations of the D and E transects. The midpoint of the rectangle base is positioned at the station stop. Total area of a rectangle represents average dry weight and the dark- ened area represents average biomass. The vertical line represents one standard deviation of biomass. 21 lOG/M^ I m 2S KILOMETERS FIG. 12. Average dry weight and biomass of sta- tions of the C and X transects. The midpoint of the rectangle base is positioned at the station stop. Total area of a rectangle represents aver- age dry weight and the darkened area represents average biomass. The vertical line represents one standard deviation of biomass. FIG. 13. Average dry weiglit and bionasG of sta- tions of A, B, P, N, V, G and S transects. The midpoint of the rectangle base is positioned at the station stop. Total area of a rectangle rep- resents average dry weight and darkened area rep- resents average biomass. The vertical line rep- resents one standard deviation of the biomass. 22 average dry weight and biomasis for stations, located in shallower parts of the sublittoral were quite v^tiable. Inshore stations of the extreme south- ern margin (G-l, S-1, V-1 and N-1, depths about 14 m) had average dry weight values that ranged from 7.0 g/m^ to 1.5 g/m^ and biomasses that ranged from 2.5 to 0.5 g/m^. Station B-8, at a depth of 10 m, had an aver- age dry weight of nearly 24.0 g/m^ but an average blomass of only 7.8 g/m^. The high dry weight was due to shells of large sphaeriids found there. Nearshore maxima of dry weight and biomass usually fell within the BO- SS m interval along both eastern and western depth gradients. The largest average biomass (8.8 g/m^), was found at station A-2, but stations X-1 and E-6 had biomass values that averaged about 8.2 g/m^. The average biomass of stations C-1 and D-6 was about 7.8 g/m^. Dry weight and biomass at the deepest part of the lake (270 m) declined to 0.29 g/m^ for dry weight and 0.25 g/m^ for biomass. Influence of Uipwelling A comparison of bottom temperatures of eastern and western nearshore stations of the B, D and E transects from mid -June through November indi- cated that western stations were significantly cooler, i.e., had a greater incidence of upwelling. Bottom temperatures of station B-8, at a depth of 11 m, were nearly 1.4 C cooler than B-1 at a depth of 19 m. Both D-6 and D-1 were located at a depth 30 m, but temperatures at D-6 were 0.6 C cooler, and E-6 at 33 m was 1.0 C cooler than E-1 at a depth of 44 m. The shallower stations B-8 and B-1 averaged almost 4.0 C warmer than stations D-1, D-6, E-1 and E-6. Stations D-1 and D-6 provided an opportunity to compare the Influence of upwelling on average abundance because they were found at the same depth (30 m) , both were located 7.4 km from shore, and both had sllty sand as the predominant sediment type. Analysis of total counts showed that the mean at D-6, 15,500/m^, was significantly greater (p<0.01) than that at D-1 (9,500/ m^). This difference was composed of 4,500 more amphlpods/m^ and l,200/m2 more sphaeriids at D-6. Although E-1 and E-6 did not match up as well as D-1 and D-6, because E-1 was located at a depth of 44 m and E-6 at a depth of 33 m, both stations were located 5.6 km from shore and both had sllty sand as the predominant sediment type. Station E-6 with an average count of 23 17,500/m2 was significantly greater (p<0.01) than E-1 at 10,600/m^. This net difference consisted of an excess of 3,900 amphipods/m^ , 600 oligochaetes/m^ and 2,400 sphaeriids/m^ at E-6. The average total count of nearly 14,800/m^ at station B-8 was more than 3 times greater than the average total counts for stations N-1, G-1 and S-1 which were located at about the same depth. This station had 3,000 more amphipods/m^ , 3,200 more oligochaetes/m^ and 3,300 more sphaeriids/m^. The presence of relatively large rivers, which carry considerable amounts of dissolved and suspended nutrients, emptying into southeastern Lake Michigan might lead to the expectation that benthos abundances and biomass would be greater in that area. In fact, the station with highest biomass was A-2 near the St. Joseph River mouth. However, the trend toward larger populations of benthos on the western side of the lake is unmistak- able, and the higher frequency of upwelling there seems the most likely cause. It is presumed that upwellings support higher primary production and ultimately lead to a larger food base for benthos in the area. Influence of Distance from Shove A comparison of stations located at similar depths but differing in distance from shore revealed that, in general, those stations farther from shore contained fewer organisms. Stations A-3 and A-4 best exemplified this relationship because their depths were about the same (70 m) . The average total count at A-3 was 6,200/m^ while at A-4 it was 4,600/m2. This significant difference seemed to be related to the fact that A-3 was 18.5 km from shore while A-4 was 46 km from shore. A similar relationship existed between stations C-2 and C-7. Both stations lay between 50 and 55 m, but C-2 was 9 km from shore and C-7 was 18.5 km from shore. Station C-2 with a total count of 15,800/m^ had nearly twice the numbers of zoobenthos of C-7. Stations located in the extreme southern portion of the lake did not necessarily conform to the pattern established in the lake-wide survey. The pattern of spatial abundance was quite variable and seemed to result from factors other than depth, upwelling or distance from shore. For ex- ample, N-2 and P-2, which were 40 m deep and 14.5 km from shore, had about the same total counts as G-3 and S-4 which were also 40 m deep but about 24 30 km from shore. The stations closer to shore had an average total count of 7,700/m^ while the other ones had an average total count of 7,900/m^. Influenoe of Bottom Temperatuve Bottom temperatures of the deepest parts of Lake Michigan were very uni- form during the lake-vrLde surveys, ranging from 3.0 to 4.0 C. Epiprofundal areas usually had bottom temperatures between 4.0 and 7.0 C, but as the thermocline descended in the fall or was disrupted by strong storms, bottom temperatures at depths of 50 m occasionally rose to 12.0 C for brief periods of time. Bottom temperatures near shore at depths of 20 m ranged from 2.0 to 19.0 C during survey months (Alley 1968). The entire lake becomes iso- thermal at temperatures below 2 C in winter (Church 1942) . Alley and Mozley (1975) examined seasonal changes of bottom temperature and the abundance of the amphipod, Pontopoveia af finis ^ at nearshore stations of southern and central Lake Michigan. They found that amphipods living at a depth of 10 m were capable of surviving winter temperatures at least as low as 1.9 C and summer temperatures as high as 24.0 C. Amphipods did not seem to be adversely affected by these high temperatures, and no dead Pontoporeia were found in the grab samples when high bottom temperatures were recorded. Table 5, a modification of a table presented by Alley and Mozley (1975), TABLE 5. Data collected during the September 26-27, 1966 biological cruise of southern and central Lake Michigan. Depth Temperature, C Surface Bottom Macrozoobenthic count s/M^ Station Amphi. Oligo. Sphae . Chiron . Total (m) count A-1 19 19.0 18.3 1860 500 210 10 2260 A- 2 35 19.0 18.4 17330 10010 7980 10 35330 A-5 42 18.9 18.6 4470 1050 330 5850 C-1 25 17.0 15.7 16420 940 460 130 17950 C-2 53 16.0 6.7 8990 3230 4900 10 17140 C-7 54 17.9 6.5 6120 920 420 10 7470 25 shows abundances of the macrozoobenthos in relation to surface and bottom temperatures for selected stations of the A and C transects for the biolog- ical cruise of September 1966. Virtually no relationship existed between zoobenthic abundance and bottom temperatures for depth intervals of 19 to 54 m. Moreover, seasonal patterns of total zoobenthic abundance did not appear to be affected by radical changes of bottom temperature. Table 6 shows a spectrum of diurnal fluctuations of bottom temperatures which occurred from May to November of 1971 to 1972 at the Benton Harbor municipal water intake. These data were summarized from daily records presented by Seibel and Ayers (1974). The water intake, located at a depth of 12 m, was well within the habitable zone of PontoTpoveia and many other benthic animals (Mozley 1974) . Daily bottom temperature fluctuations seldom exceeded 2.0 C from October to May, but from July to September the daily maximum exceeded the minimum by 10 C for an average one day per month over four summers. The greatest daily range observed was 15 C (Seibel and Ayers 1974) . Diurnal changes of 3.0 to 4.0 C took place in this benthic environment on almost one-fifth of the days between June and September, 5.0 to 6.0 C daily fluc- uations occurred on more than one-tenth of the days, and fluctuations greater than 7.0 C occurred on 12 days. The broader daily fluctuations of water temperature were most frequent in July and August. Prolonged high bottom temperatures undoubtedly have a lethal effect on TABLE 6. Frequencies and magnitudes of diurnal bottom temperature fluctu- ations at the Benton Harbor municipal water intake (depth 12 m) for May to November 1971 and 1972. Diurnal : temperature ations, C Number of daily occurrences per month fluctui May June July Aug Sep Oct Nov 19 3 4 5 5 26 15 1 - 2 42 43 25 35 28 35 45 3 - 4 1 12 10 9 15 1 5 - 6 1 6 10 11 7 - 8 7 2 1 9 - 10 1 1 26 certain benthic invertebrates but species inhabiting nearshore environments could survive bottom temperatures as high as 24.0 C for brief periods of time. Recent tests conducted by Industrial BIO-TEST (1975) have confirmed field evidence for thermal tolerances. Many of the nearshore zoobenthic species such as PontopoTe'la completed the breeding process by late spring to early summer when bottom water temperatures were below 7.0 C (Alley 1968). DISTRIBUTION WITH RESPECT TO DEPTH AND SEDIEMENTS The distribution of surficial bottom sediments has been described by several investigators for Lake Michigan (Hough 1935; Ayers and Hough 1964; Powers and Robertson 1967, 1968; Somers and Josephson 1968; and Mozley and Alley 1973) . These authors indicated that sediment deposition could be high- ly irregular in shallow areas of the southern basin. As previously stated in the methods section, visual descriptions of the surficial sediments were noted at each benthos station visit, and occasionally as many as three distinct sediment types were detected in triplicate grab samples. Further- more, month-to-month deviations could be large, as shoimi by Mozley and Alley (1973) for station G-2. The recorded sediment types for this station on various visits were: gravel once, fine sand once, silty sand five times and sandy silt once. Both local patchiness and changes due to severe storms probably affect sediment types on different surveys. Examination of the small-scale features of the southern Lake Michigan bottom by side-scan sonar by Berkson et al. (1975) has revealed several important features of the sediment distribution. They found the central portion of the southern basin to be composed of soft clays showing little topographic relief. Sandy sediments in shallow areas were distributed either as sheets, bars, ripples or patches. Groups of parallel linear features having a vertical relief of 0.3-3 m and wave lengths ranging from 240-840 m occurred in widespread areas of the lake at depths of 8-30 m. Finally, a sandy silt area in the nearshore region of Benton Harbor, Michigan appeared to be littered with boulders ranging from 3-6 m in diameter. Obviously, surficial sediments can affect abundance and distribution of macrozoobenthos. We have attempted to distinguish these effects from predominant depth effect by examining the relationship of benthos to sed- 27 Iment types within discrete depth intervals. Zoobenthic counts, dry weight and biomass data collected from stations of the B transect and south of it were combined into four depth zones (0-20, 21-40, 41-60, and the greater than 60 m) and six sediment types (gravel or pebbles, coarse or medium sand, fine sand, silty sand, sandy silt, and silt or clay). Variability and abun- dance of amphipods, oligochaetes, sphaeriids and chironomids and dry weight and biomass are presented in Figs. 14 and 15. Amphipods were most abundant in the 21-40 and 41-60 m depth intervals, and in general showed no special preference for sediments smaller than fine sand. Although amphipods were particularly sparse in gravel or pebble sed- iments of the 0-20 m interval, their numbers increased nearly five-fold to 2,400/m^ in the 21-40 m and 41-60 m intervals for the same sediment type. Oligochaetes were most numerous in the 21-40 m interval and seemed to prefer sediment types of silty sand, sandy silt, and silt-clay equally. The aver- age number of worms exceeded IjlOO/m^ in gravel or pebble sediments of the 0-20 m interval but declined to only 800/m^ in the following two depth inter- vals. In general, sphaeriids were most abundant in the 21-40 m interval and were most numerous in sandy silt, followed by silt or clay, silty sand, fine sand, coarse or medium sand and gravel or pebbles. Chironomid larvae, which are not numerous enough to appear clearly in Fig. 14, seemed to prefer fine or silty sands over coarser or finer sed- iments in the shallowest interval (0-20 m) . The mean for those types (98/m^) was about 8 times that for finer sediments and 3 times that for coarser. Chironomids were again most abundant in these types, and in sandy silt (190/m^) in the next interval, 21-40 m. Medium sand and silt or clay types yielded only about 60/m^ in this interval. A shift in abundance toward finer sediments was evident at depths over 60 m, where the mean of 98/m^ in sandy silt and silt-clay was nearly twice as high as means for other sed- iment types. Chironomids are composed of different species in shallower intervals than occur in deeper ones (Mozley 1974) . The distributional patterns of dry weight did not follow the pattern of total counts across depth and sediment categories. For instance, the average dry weight for fine sand and silty sand in the 0-20 m interval was 11.3 g/m^ while the corresponding total count averaged about 7,300/m^. In the 21-40 m interval the average dry weight for silty sand, sandy silt and 28 en 0) p. >~, to ■U 4-1 i-l •H 0) ■u a 0) II •So 0) t3 in C nJ M tfl •T3 •H •H U 0) •H CO II nJ to to i> H-l !-i II nj CO M-l O ^3 tu CD iH " 4J -H 0) T3 td tu O }4 60 O •H O (U o a tj tfl a •H 4-1 s tu o o N M-l o c8 O •H 4J U tu >-. 4J o CO •H cd S 4-1 nJ T3 CN o •H r^ rC tu ft > 6D II o CO CU H rCl CU tfl t-H O o o n O rH n) 4-1 4-1 iH O ■H 4-1 CO tu II J3 4-1 <4-l 13 O •H •H CO H Ii4 ft CU T3 M 3 O m 13 tu tfl 13 •H B o o u •H .- XI ctf u o •H 4-1 CO •H > >. tu 13 13 e Cfl T3 CO t-i II t3 fi in to 4J •> CO 13 a tu a) a CO o 29 c •H CO +J > iH O >J W CO bC ,a o ti •P cS CO CO d 0) •H rH II CO ^ lO CO . fl CO -P n) rH rH " Ti CO ■1-1 CO ^ tl 60 C •H 0) 0) CO IS cu u >> p< bO -H to nj o CO -H •u -u c u CO > (U p- j: (U • iH CD 60 CO .a u a c o u-i X> II O 13 O C ro N Cd m CO 13 O 0) c a CO C >^ CO ° -^ ^ CO B •H 4J 3 ctf Q) 13 A B ■ B -H o -a a CU CD B o •H ,o • CO (1> CO 60 CO CU B ^1 o i •H (U ■u -u c rH cO M 0) rH cfl 13 in X 0) •H CO CO u CO O a •H • ,c; CJ 4J II H -H Pm Is CNl 13 U CO 13 •U CO II 13 80 March 2100 600 260 68 1.7 1.3 April 2410 480 210 68 1.6 1.3 May 1910 400 130 57 1.7 1.4 June 1930 300 130 49 1.9 1.6 July 1990 310 230 27 1.5 1.2 August 2050 380 100 32 1.9 1.6 September 2170 420 120 12 2.2 1.9 October 1910 280 110 4 1.8 1.5 November 1940 320 120 2 1.8 1.6 36 1-1 lxlO'*/M^ Amphipoda / a. H n t\ ASi I V \i J I / hi yi r^/ yi i 51-80 ^ i/ ,/ 1/ A' V 31-50 M FIG. 18. Seasonal distribution of the amphipod, Pontopoveia af finis J in 15-30, 31-50, 51-80 and greater than 80 m depth intervals of the lake-wide survey. amphipods living in shallow, nearshore environments at a depth of 16 m or less matured in one year. Those inhabiting a depth interval of 20-35 m required 2 years to mature and those living at depths greater than 35 m required possibly 3 years to mature. Ponto-poreia of the littoral and upper areas of the sublittoral seemed to be geared for late winter-early spring reproduction, while those in the deeper parts of the sublittoral and pro- fundal probably breed year-round. Numerical decreases from March to April represented death of spent females occurring in the 15-30 m interval. Low densities of amphipods in late spring and early summer samples were probably an artifact resulting from the method used in separating the zoobenthos from the sediments. Newly released amphipods may have been lost through the separating screen of the elutriation-screening device, or young stages may have been inaccessible to the grab, either above the bottom or deep within the sediments. As small 37 TABLE 8. Analysis of variance degrees of freedom (d.f.) and significance levels (p) for effects of month of the year on numbers and weights of macrobenthos, 1964-67. "N.S." means p>.05. Depth Variable interval Amphipoda Oligochaeta Sphaeriidae d.f. p d.f. p Chironomidae (m) d.f. p d.f. p 15-30 8, 227 <.05 8, 222 <.01 8, 227 N.S. 8, 227 <.01 31-50 8, 547 «.01 8, 532 <.05 8, 547 <.05 8, 547 «.01 51-80 8, 386 N.S. 8, 381 N.S. 8, 386 N.S. 8, 386 «.01 >80 8, 731 N.S. 8, 705 <.01 8, 731 «.01 8, 731 «.01 Total count Dry weight Ash-free dry wt. d.f. p d.f. p d.f. 2 15-30 8, 222 <.01 8, 216 <.05 8, 215 N.S. 31-50 8, 532 <.01 8, 542 <.01 8, 542 «.01 51-80 8, 388 N.S. 8, 386 <.05 8, 386 <.01 <80 8, 705 N.S. 8, 725 N.S. 8, 724 <.01 amphipods increased in size, they were less likely to be lost in this manner. Gradual numerical increases from May through July reflected entrapment of small juveniles which were actually recruited into the population in April. This seasonal pattern of abundance was not as clearly defined in the 31-50 m interval as the 15-30 m interval because the deeper depth interval supported populations with two distinct patterns of reproduction. Shallower parts of the 31-50 m interval had a reproductive pattern similar to the 15- 30 m interval, and deeper areas had intermittent breeding throughout the sampling season. The apparent August recruitment of new individuals prob- ably reflected those amphipods which were actually born in shallower ^reas during April and May but only reached sufficient size to be effectively retained in the separating device in late summer. Colder water temperatures 38 slow invertebrate growth rates, and may have shifted the summer maximxim of Pontoporeia from July to August. The lack of seasonality in amphipod counts beyond depths of 50 m was due to the fact that a small portion of the population matured and reproduced during each month of the sampling season. Oligochaete counts averaged about 1,000/m^ in the 15-30 m int-erval of the lake-wide survey, but significant seasonal differences were observed (p<0.01). Three peaks of abundance occurred in July, September and November (Fig. 19). The average count of the 31-50 m interval was about 3,000/m^ with month- ly differences significant at the 0.05 level. Peaks of abundance occurred in March, August and November. Although no significant seasonal difference was found in the 51-80 m depth interval, a minor peak of 1,600/m^ was seen in October. The average abundance of worms living at depths greater than 80 m was about 400/m^. Again, monthly differences were significant at the 0.01 level. The greatest abundance of 600/m^ was found in March, but this was followed by a general decline which culminated in a low of 300/m^ in June and July. Counts of oligochaetes oscillated in the following months with no clear pattern. Many species of oligochaetes breed over a wide seasonal range with max- imum reproduction usually occurring in summer. Fertilized eggs are deposited in the sediments as cocoons, and life cycles are usually completed in 12-18 months. However, certain species such as Tubifex tub'ifex and Limnodritus hoffmeister'i may have generation times as short as 2 months. Monthly patterns of abundance for a particular depth interval probably depend on species composition, with different species reproducing in different months. Moreover, reproduction probably can be modified by local conditions so that recruitment into the population may vary from place to place. No significant patterns of seasonal variation were detected in the 15- 30 m interval for Sphaeriidae (Fig. 20). Numbers fluctuated widely from month to month about a mean of 650/m^. Significant month-to-month differ- ences were found in the 31-50 m interval with peaks occurring in March and August. The average count for this interval was 3,200/m^. Considerable month-to-month variation was found in the 51-80 m interval, but no signif- icant pattern of seasonal variation was detected. Monthly counts in this 39 5xlO^/M^ Oligochaeta 1-J [=1 ^ c^ i ci cb___i±i__ck.>80 r^ r^ f^ [^ r^ ji_A__il_il5i-8o Y 1/ V i/ 1/ 1/ 1/ 1/ J./ M ^ ^ ri. n r^ M r^ n ,. .31-50 -30 FIG. 19. Seasonal distribution of the Oligochaeta in 15-30, 31-50, 51-80 and greater than 80-m depth intervals of the lake-wide survey. SxlO^/M^ Sphaeriidae ria cfa -i^ .>80 6. r^ r^ rh _A _jh cb D cLsi- 80 .31-50 6 M A M ff ri rf cj] ci P_i5-30 J J A S O N FIG. 20. Seasonal distribution of Sphaeriidae in 15-30, 31-50, 51-80 and greater than 80-m depth intervals of the lake-wide survey. 40 interval ranged from 950/m^ to 560/m^ with an average of 820/m^. Beyond a depth of 80 m, monthly differences were significant. Peaks occurred in March and August, and the average seasonal count was nearly 160/m^. Reproduction of Sphaeriidae is thought to continue throughout the year, although very few young are released in the winter months (Pennak 1953) . The marsupium of an adult sphaeriid may contain frcm 1-20 young in various stages of development. Immature individuals, when released from the marsu- pium, are fully formed and are often one-fourth to one-third as large as the parent in smaller species such as Fisidi-vm acnventus (Heard 1963). Chironomidae showed pronounced seasonal patterns of abundance for all four depth intervals (Fig. 21). Within the 15-30 m. zone, counts increased from a low of lllva?^ in March to a July-August maximum of 106/m^, and sub- sequently declined to 28/m^ in October. Maximum counts in the 31-50 m interval occurred in April with an average of 423/m^. Chironomid numbers declined sharply to a low of 34/m^ in September, followed by slight in- creases in October and November. Average monthly counts in the 51-80 m interval showed a relatively steady average of 160/m^ from March to July. 5xlO^/M^ Chironomidae rS r^ r^ r^ .^ ^ >80 51-80 III 1 1 ri h ^ i DL31- i-1 i- 15-30 FIG. 21. Seasonal distribution of Chironomldafe in 15-30, 31-50, 51-80 and greater than 80-m depth intervals of the lake-wide suirvey. 41 Numbers dropped by almost 70% in August, and further declines continued in the autumn months. The seasonal variations for the greater than 80 m inter- val were similar to those of the 51-80 m interval except that the maximum of 68/m2 occurred in March and April. The remaining months showed a gradu- al decline, reaching a low of 2/m^ in November. Depending on the species, midge adults emerge from early spring to October. After mating, eggs are laid in gelatinous masses which sink to the bottom. The first larval instar is often planktonic and occasionally later instars are found among the plankton, especially at night. Midges of the profundal environment may have life cycles that extend beyond one year while species inhabiting littoral and sublittoral areas may go through more than one cycle each year. Zoobenthio Dry Weight and Biomass Although a significant seasonal difference was found for dry weight in the 15-30 m interval, the biomass did not vary significantly (Fig. 22). The average dry weight was 5.6 g/m^, and average biomass 3.3 g/m^. The significant F-ratio in the dry weight analysis was due to a high monthly value of 9.6 g/m^ in September. The patterns of seasonal variation for dry weight and biomass were identical and significant in the 31-50 m interval. Dry weight (p<.01) averaged 8.2 g/m^ from March to July, followed by a peak of 11.6 g/m^ in August; September to November values averaged 9.5 g/m^. The biomass (p«.01) was 5.6 g/m^ from March to July, with a maximum value of 8.5 g/m^ occurring in August, an average of 6.9 g/m^ for September to November. Month-to-month values of dry weight and biomass for the 51-80 m inter- val were also similar and both varied significantly. Maximum weights occurred in August and September. Dry weight averaged 3.4 g/m^ from March to July, 4.1 g/m^ from August to September, and 3.6 g/m^ for October and November. Biomass (p<.01) averaged 2.7 g/m^ from March to July, 3.4 g/m^ for August and September, and 3.0 g/m^ for October and November. Even though no significant fluctuations were detected in dry weight at depths over 80 m, a significant difference (p<.01) was detected for biomass. Average monthly biomass ranged from 1.2 g/m^ to 1.6 g/m^ from March to August, reaching a maximum of 1.9 g/m^ in September. Monthly 42 lOG/M' 80 fmm 31-50 1 1 1 uuil MAMJ J ASON 15-30 FIG. 22. Seasonal distribution of zoobenthic dry weight and biomass of 15-30, 31-50, 51-80 and greater than SO-m depth intervals of the lake-wide survey. Total area of a rectangle represents average dry weight and darkened area represents average biomass. The vertical line represents one standard deviation of the biomass. values for October and November averaged about 1.6 g/m^. Although zoobenthic biomass was ultimately related to total count, maximum monthly values were not necessarily associated with the largest monthly counts. For example, the highest total count in the 15-30 m inter- val (9,400/m^) was found in July while the greatest biomass, 4.7 g/m^, occurred in June. Both values peaked in August for the 31-50 m interval. Maximum biomass values were not associated with any particular taxonomic group . The average total counts in the 15-30 m and 51-80 m depth intervals were 6,070/m^ and 6,050/m^ respectively. The percentage composition of major taxa in the two depth intervals was about the same, except that the 51-80 m interval had about 2% fewer amphipods and 3% more sphaeriids. Biomass values for the two intervals differed greatly. Dry weight and biomass values of the 15-30 m interval were 5.6 g/m^ and 3.4 g/m^ , respec- 43 tively, while corresponding values for the 51'-80 m interval were 3.6 g/m^ arid 2.9 g/m^. While one would expect the summer recruitment of juvenile Ponto'poTeia to depress the mean weight per individual more in the 15-30 m interval the presence of relatively large SiphaeTiim species there (Mozley 1974) evidently was a more important difference between marcobenthos in the two intervals. The timing of maximum benthic biomass in the three deepest intervals of the lake possibly reflected a delayed flow of energy which originated as spring and summer algal blooms. The sequence from August in the 31-50 m interval to August-September in the 51-80 m depth interval and finally to September in the greater than 80 m interval could be caused by two factors. First, the delay at greater depths could be due to the extended time needed for sedimenting particulate matter to reach the lake bottom at greater depths, and second, colder water temperatures found at greater depths probably reduced rates of respiration, assimilation, and growth of the zoobenthos. LAKE-WIDE PATTERNS OF YEAR-TO-YEAR VARIATION Organisation of Data The benthos sampling and scheduling was organized in a fashion which complicated the statistical analysis of year-to-year differences of both the counts and biomass. The 1964 sampling season (August to November) covered the latter half of the standard sampling season whereas samples were taken only from March to July in 1967. Further, March samples were lacking in 1965 while July samples were not taken in 1966. Finally, stations of the B, D and X transects were not sampled after June 1966 and occasionally stations were not sampled because of foul weather. Even though these data were not ideal for detailed statistical analy- sis because a high degree of variation occurred between sampling periods, between stations and among replicates, the combination of counts, dry weight and biomass into monthly averages for four depth intervals (15-30, 31-80 and greater than 80 m) did provide insights into month-tormonth fluctuations within sampling periods (Figs. 23-26). 44 15 xlO-' 10. I I 1 1 — I 1 — 1 1 T — r— I 1 — I 1 1 1 — I 1 — I — — 1 1 ( 1 — I I I ASONDJFMAMJ JASONDJFMAMJjASOND 1964 1965 1966 •— • 15-30 •—•31-50 o—oSI-SO o— o>80 —I — I 1 — I 1 1 r- J F M A M J J 1967 FIG. 23. Monthly abundances of the amphlpod, Pontopore-ia af finis, in 15-30, 31-50, 51-80 and greater than 80-m depth intervals of the lake- wide survey. icIO-' 10. < Ul < X o •-- • 15-30 • — • 31 - SO o — 51 _80 o— o >80 vy /v -1 1 V ( 1 r — I 1 1 1 1 — -I 1 r 1 r— I 1 1 — ■ — I 1 r — I — -1 1 1 1 1 1 1 r- ASONOJFMAMJJASONDJFMAMJJASONDJFMAMJJ 1964 1965 1966 1967 FIG. 24. Monthly abundances of Oligochaeta in 15-30, 31-50, 51-80 and greater than 80^n depth intervals of the lake-wide survey. 45 .10"' Q < I 2. • — • 15 - 30 •—.31 - 50 0—-0 51 -80 o — o >80 A I \ ^. ^h\ />v\- o\ \l ■9^^ •* s / T r — I 1 1 r~T 1 — I 1 r~ — r — i 1 — r- ASONDJ FMAMJ JASOND J FMAMJ JASONDJ FMAMJ J 1964 1965 1966 1967 FIG. 25. Monthly abundances of Sphaeriidae in 15-30, 31-50, 51-80 and greater than 80-ni depth intervals of the lake-wide survey. 10 xlO' < a i O z o 5E u •--• 15-30 •—•31-50 o — 05) -80 o— o>80 0-L|^?^»^:fs4-. r-1 , T't^TT^^^fe ^^ r ASONDJ FMAAAJ JASOND J FMAMJ J ASONDJ FMAMJ J '964 1965 1966 1967 FIG. 26. Monthly abundances of Chironomldae in 15-30, 31-50, 51-80 and greater than 80-m depth intervals of the lake-wide survey. 46 Yearly averages were computed for each variable (Table 9) and the data were subjected to analysis of variance separately in each depth interval. Variance between years was compared with variance of individual grab casts within each depth zone, regardless of month or station (Table 10). Chironomidae were not subjected to this analysis because of highly and con- sistently significant effects on their abundance (Table 8) . Because of this exclusion of a portion of the fauna, and because patterns in total counts tended to follow closely patterns in amphipod abundance, total count data were also excluded. Zoohenthio Counts Although yearly averages of amphipods living within the 15-30 m inter- val ranged from a low of 3,900/m^ in 1964 to a high of 5,500/m2 in 1966, no significant yearly differences were detected (Fig. 23). Amphipod counts TABLE 9. Yearly averages of zoobenthic counts, dry weight, and biomass for the 15-30 m, 31-50 m, 51-80 m and greater than 80 m depth intervals of the lake-wide survey. Depth Year Avera ge count s/M^ Average Dry wt. grams /M^ interval Amphi. Oligo. Sphae. Biomass 15-30 1964 3970 1890 850 7.1 3.2 1965 4190 1650 900 6.8 3.8 1966 5480 680 380 5.6 4.0 1967 4220 340 280 3.8 2.8 31-50 1964 8230 2370 2600 8.8 6.5 1965 7140 2880 3280 10.1 7.4 1966 8160 2460 3390 8.5 5.8 1967 6310 4060 2730 8.2 5.5 51-80 1964 3020 750 370 3.2 2.7 1965 4920 1110 900 4.2 3.3 1966 4410 590 890 3.9 3.2 1967 3150 1360 950 2.9 2.1 >80 1964 1720 370 70 1.7 1.5 1965 2400 410 140 2.1 1.8 1966 1960 280 170 1.7 1.4 1967 1480 440 210 1.4 1.1 47 TABLE 10. Analysis of variance degrees of freedom (d.f.) and significance levels (p) for effects of calendar year on numbers and weights of macro- benthos, 1964-67. "N.S." means p > .05. Depth Variable interval (m) Amphlpoda d.f. p OliRochaeta d.f. p Sphaerlidae d.f. p Dry we d.f. ifiht P Ash-free d.f. dry weight P 15-30 3, 232 N.S. 3, 227 N.S. 3, 232 N.S. 3, 218 N.S. 3, 217 N.S. 31-50 3, 549 N.S. 3, 534 <.05 3, 549 N.S. 3, 544 N.S. 3, 544 <.05 51-80 3, 391 <.05 3, 386 <.05 3, 391 <.05 3, 391 <.05 3, 391 <.05 >80 3, 736 <.05 3, 710 <.05 3, 736 <.05 3, 730 N.S. 3, 729 <.05 were quite variable in this area as indicated by a yearly coefficient of variation that exceeded 100%. Similarly, no significant year-to-year vari- ations were found in the 31-50 m interval. A significant difference was found in the 51-80 m interval, with counts for 1964 and 1967 averaging 3,100/ m^ while 1965 and 1966 averaged 4,600/m^. This pattern was also seen in the greater than 80 m depth interval, where 1964 and 1967 values averaged about 1,600/m^, and 1965- and 1966 counts averaged 2,200/m2. Even though average oligochaete counts in the 15-30 m interval ranged from a yearly low of 340 /m^ in 1967 to a high of 1,890/m^ in 1964, no sig- nificant differences among annual means were found (Fig. 24). This was due to the fact that oligochaete counts at those depths were highly variable from month to month. For example, the 1965 coefficient of variation was 186%, and coefficients for all remaining years were greater than 100%. Sig- nificant yearly fluctuations of oligochaete counts were encountered in the 31-50 m interval, where combined averages of 1964, 1965 and 1966 were about 2,600/m2 while the 1967 average was nearly 4,100/m2. Significant differ- ences were also seen in the 51-80 m interval, with higher means of nearly 1,200/m^ occurring in 1965 and 1967 while 1964 and 1966 averages were 750/ m^ and 590/m^ respectively. Counts of the greater than 80 m region under- went a significant yearly fluctuation similar to the 51-80 m interval, with higher means in 1965 and 1967 and lows in 1964 and 1966. No significant year-to-year fluctuations were found for the Sphaeriidae in the 15-30 m interval. Average counts in 1964 and 1965 were about 900/ m^, as compared to averages of 380/m^ for 1966, and 280/m2 for 1967. The 48 Inability to detect significant yearly differences resulted from highly vari- able counts within each year (Fig. 25). Although no significant differences were found in the 31-50 m interval, 1964 and 1967 averages were about 2,600/ m^ while 1965 and 1966 values averaged 3,300/m^. Significant differences were detected in the 51-80 m and greater than 80 m intervals, and the patterns of fluctuation were similar in both areas of the lake. At depths greater than 50 m, average values were lowest in 1964 and generally increased with each succeeding year. Since Chironomidae demonstrated distinct patterns of seasonal variation within depth intervals, the analysis of year-to-year changes was approached by comparing August to November 1964 to 1966 averages and early spring to July 1965 to 1967 averages (Table 11) . Neither method showed significant year-to-year fluctuations for any of the depth intervals (Fig. 26). As with the oligochaetes, this lack of difference was due to a high degree of vari- tion which occurred between sampling periods, between stations and within replicates. TABLE 11. Yearly averages of chironomid counts for the 15-30 m, 31-50 m, 51-80 m and greater than 80 m depth Intervals of the lake-wide survey. Depth Average coimts/M^ interval Year March to July August to November 15-30 1964 ~ 65 1965 67 50 1966 57 60 1967 47 31-50 1964 — 39 1965 345 90 1966 383 61 1967 241 51-80 1964 — 9 1965 222 30 1966 183 16 1967 87 >80 1964 — 10 1965 68 27 1966 71 32 1967 34 49 General lake-wide patterns of yearly fluctuations of counts emerged for the macrobenthos. Potentially important year-to-year deviations were not discernible in the 15-30 m interval because of the high variability encoun- tered there. This variability had seasonal, regional and sampling-error com- ponents. While individual taxa showed similar patterns of abundance in adjacent depth intervals, there was no overall pattern consistent across several taxonomic groups. Zoobenthio Dry Weight and Biomass No significant differences in the annual averages of dry weight and bio- mass were found in the 15-30 m depth interval (Table 9 and Fig. 27). Biomass averages ranged from a low of 2.8 g/m^ in 1967 to a high of 4.0 g/m^ in 1966. Although significant yearly differences in biomass were detected in the 31- 50 m interval, no differences were found for dry weight. A maximum yearly average biomass of 7.4 g/m^ occurred in this interval in 1965 while the lowest average was found in 1967. Significant yearly differences for both dry weight and biomass were found in the 51-80 m depth interval. The com- bined yearly average for 1965 and 1966 was 3.3 g/m^ for biomass while the 1964 and 1967 averages were 2.7 and 2.1 g/m^, respectively. Statistical analysis of the greater than 80-m interval revealed that a significant yearly difference existed for biomass but not for dry weight. A maximum biomass of 1.8 g/m^ occurred in 1965, and a minimum of 1.1 g/m^ in 1967. Dry weight and biomass averaged for all four depth intervals was greatest in 1965. Biomass values for 1964 and 1966 were about the same and they averaged about 3.5 g/m^. This was about 0.5 g/m^ less than the 1965 value and 0.5 g/m^ more than the 1967 value. The low yearly average biomass for 1967 possibly resulted from the fact that the sampling season extended from April to July. Therefore seasonal peaks of biomass found at depths greater than 30 m for the months of August to September were not included in the calculations. FAUNAL COMPOSITION OF MACROZOOBENTHIC BIOMASS Purpose of Sub-projeot Few lake-wide surveys of macrozoobenthlc biomass have been undertaken 50 o a cfl r£3 u 0) u bC CU Q) cd c 4J ^ o td CU CO u cfl ■u M m CU 13 4-1 CD c c CU it CU en u *» CU CU o u ij \^ n 00 ft ^-^s^ lO 1 CU CU "^^ ^•"^^S*^ r^ !-i 13 \^'^'^ -» u-l CU •H ^N^^^^^M ^ •t i-i \. ^^n!^^B o bO iH \\::fli ^ K 1 a to CO O ^\^fl < o rH 4J •H li CO o ■U HM ^ *i (U ^-1 CU Ik o ? CO !U -n m <4-l £ Q o CO H \ ''1^1 ^ •H ** 5 CU CU ^^Qi < 4J > S ^3 -r J3 u cci — 9 S bO 3 •H CO m u> CU 4.) > CU S ^ T3 CU >-. •H CO O 13 ? !-l CO CU ft CO M-l ^ CU CO \>^° O ^ O i/» CO (U CO -H 0) ^ ■\^S * o 13 J3 CO CU v^ — ^^4ri ^ 1^ CO 13 M-l 13 -U ~\'^^^lH ^ £ 3 O CU ^^-3is -S CO CU o ^1 < kS CO > 5-1 C CO O S 43 CU 13 -H •U Ik •U o 13 CO 13 -H \^ ^ S 4J CU 4J 13 ,^ ^\^ a ,a ^^^ r— ^^ • d, CJ0 13 ■■^ ^""^aH 3t — ^J .^ • f S3 >. CO ^f^^H H O U U -^^B « (i< 00 13 to 51 for Lake Michigan, and none of these have included studies of the taxonomic composition of the biomass. The purpose of this sub-project was to examine this composition for selected stations (C-1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7; E-3 and E-4) which reflected the overall depth distribution of the macrozoobenthos from 20 to 270 m depth. Faunal composition was represented by four taxonomic groups — ^Amphipods, Oligochaeta, Sphaeriidae and Chironomidae. Depth D-istribut-ion of Zoobenthio Counts and Biomass of Frozen Samples Measurements were made on samples collected in a comparison of Smlth- Mclntyre dredge and Ponar grab sampler sampling efficiencies (Powers and Robertson 1967). Three samples were taken with each type of grab at each station of the C transect. Since Powers and Robertson found no differences in efficiencies of the two samplers all six casts were combined in the analysis. Further, samples taken at C-2 and C-7 were pooled to represent the 50-m depth interval. A comparison of the depth distribution of total counts collected in this study (Fig. 28) with the depth distribution of total counts of the lake-wide survey (Fig. 4) showed that the average total counts of the 20-ffl interval for frozen samples of the present study contained almost 11,000/ m^ more organisms than the corresponding depth interval of the lake-wide survey. This increase was due almost entirely to the amphipod count. The average total counts/m^ of remaining depth intervals were very similar between these C-transect samples and the entire lake-wide survey. The average dry weight was 13.45 g/m^ at the 20-m interval, or about 6 g/m^ greater than the corresponding interval of the lake-wide survey (Fig. 29). Although amphipods comprised 86.4% of the total count of the 20-ffl interval, they accounted for 93.5% of the dry weight. The average dry weight at the 50-m interval was about 1.5 g/m^ greater than at the cor- responding depth of the lake-wide survey. The contribution that amphipods made to dry weight dropped to about 74%, with sphaeriids increasing to a maximum of 12.5%. Beyond 50 m the average total dry weight conformed close- ly to that of the lake-wide survey. Amphipods contributed approximately 75% to 84% of the dry weight and oligochaetes 8% to 25%. Generally, chironomids represented less than 1% of the dry weight at the depths ex- amined . 52 10000 f m 1000^ CQ s z o z z lU CO O ec U < 100 10- <1 _ TOTAL COUNT .. AMPHIPODA _„ OLIGOCHAETA ., SPHAERIIDAE _ CHIRONOMIDAE 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 DEPTH, METERS FIG. 28. Depth distribution of zoo- benthic counts in the biomass composi- tion study. TOTAL DRY WT. AMPHIPODA ^ X ,v_o OLIGOCHAETA -« v> SPHAERIIDAE O N\ . . CHIRONOMIDAE O X »- z lU (D O u < 1.0 0.1 >- arc a 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 DEPTH, METERS FIG. 29. Depth distribution of faunal composition of the dry weight of zoo- benthos. 53 The depth distribution of the biomass was similar to the depth distri- bution of dry weight (Fig. 30). Biomass at the 20-m interval on the C tran- sect was nearly 6 grams greater than for the lake-wide survey, with amphipods making up slightly more than 97% of the total biomass. Average biomass at the 50-m interval was about 1.3 g/m^ greater than in the lake-wide survey, but amphipods contributed almost 86% with oligochaetes accounting for 10%, sphaeriids 3.5% and chironomids 0.5%. From 80 to 160 m, the lake-wide sur- vey yielded slightly higher biomass estimates than the present study. With- in this interval amphipods made up about 86% of the biomass, oligochaetes 11%, sphaeriids 2% and chironomids 1% of the frozen samples. The two sta- tions located at 220 m and 270 m contained three times more biomass than normally occurred at these depths on the lake-wide survey. This discrepancy was attributable to chance sampling error stemming from the small number of casts collected for the biomass composition study. At these stations amphi- pods comprised 70%, oligochaetes 20%, with sphaeriids and chironomids accounting for 0.5% each of the biomass. 5^10.0 O I/? o X 59 10 O u < < O 0.1. TOTAL BIOMASS AMPHIPODA OLIGOCHAETA SPHAERIIDAE CHIRONOMIDAE 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 DEPTH, METERS FIG. 30. Depth distribution and faunal composition of zoobenthic bio- mass. 54 Comparison of Preserved and Frozen Samples This study offered an opportunity to determine if a significant differ- erence existed between biomasses of formalin-preserved samples and frozen samples taken from the same localities of the lake. The range of total counts/m^ for the six frozen samples was determined for each of the stations positioned along the C transect. Formalin-preserved samples containing total counts lying within this range were selected from data collected in the long-term study for the same stations. The means of preserved and fro- zen samples were computed for total counts, dry weight and ash free weight (Table 12) . No significant differences existed between frozen and preserv- ed samples for average total counts, average dry weights and average bio- masses for any of the stations. The average total count of the 36 frozen samples was very similar to that of the lake-wide survey. The percentage that each taxonomic group contributed to the average total count of the frozen samples was: amphipods 66%, oligochaetes 17.9%, sphaeriids 14.6% and chironomids 1.5%. The amount that each of these groups contributed to average dry weight was quite differ- ent: amphipods 79.4%, oligochaetes 12.0%, sphaeriids 7.7% and chironomids 0.9%. Differences in the makeup of biomass were even more divergent: amphipods contributed 87.8%, oligochaetes 9.1%, sphaeriids 2.2% and chirono- mids 0.9% of the biomass. These results indicated that, particularly in the profundal environment, the importance of amphipods in zoobenthic biomass was imich greater than their TABLE 12. A comparison of average preserved and frozen samples of selec- ted stations of the C transect. Frozen samples were collected 27 May 1968 and preserved samples were collected from August 1964 to July 1967. ' Sample size Total count /M^ Dry welRht/M^ Blomass/M^ Station code Froz en Preserved Mean frozen Mean preserved Mean frozen Mean preserved Mean frozen Mean preserved C-1 6 11 16440 17074 10.51 13.45 9.37 10.99 C-2 6 29 15156 15499 11.34 9.11 8.30 6.43 C-3 6 61 5032 5110 3.02 3.22 2.39 2.54 C-5 6 44 1992 2216 1.55 1.51 1.33 1.27 C-6 6 67 4554 3620 2.53 2.97 2.11 2.49 C-7 6 27 7463 7568 5.14 6.30 4.14 5.27 55 nimbers would indicate. As expected, the amount that sphaeriids actually contributed to the biomass was quite small in the profundal. In sublittoral areas, however, where larger species were more common, their contribution to the biomass would be much greater. In general, when benthic samples remained in preservatives for an extend- ed period of time the preservative solution became discolored and oil drop- lets often appeared on the surface of the solution. Biomass estimates were undoubtedly affected by this obvious leaching process in stored samples. Howmiller (1972) conducted tests with tubificid oligochaetes and chirono- mid larvae to determine the proportional losses in wet and dry weights which occurred with various preservation techniques. In one experiment he showed that wet-weight losses are rapid during the first two weeks and continue at a decreasing rate for at least another month. In another he compared the proportion of fresh weight due to dry weight in worms killed in the drying process and in others either frozen or preserved in formalin for 44 days. Formalin-preserved worms lost 23% of their dry weight, while frozen worms lost 37% of their dry weight. In present comparisons, there was no detect- able difference between ash-free dry weights of frozen and formalin-pre- served benthos. For a number of reasons, we felt it was not feasible to employ Howmiller 's estimates or other correction factors to obtain more accurate data on Lake Michigan benthic biomass. Howmiller 's technique differed in the longer dry- ing time and lack of an ash correction. He measured neither mollusks nor crustaceans, which were major proportions of Lake Michigan macrobenthos. If these taxa proved to have weight losses differing from the tubificid pattern, we would be unable to correct biomass estimates for samples in which the proportional contribution of the different taxa to biomass was not known. Howmiller 's study confirms our expectation that weight losses did occur, however, and biomass estimates here may be assumed to be approx- imately one-fourth too low. The error should be constant across all sam- ples, for picking and weighing was always begun at least several weeks after sample collection, and the initial period of rapid weight loss should have been over. 56 ECOLOGICAL CONSIDERATIONS Factors Affeati-ng Zoobenthos Abundance and distribution of the zoobenthos is assumed to result from numerous independent but interacting factors such as depth, turbulence, temperature, sediment composition, light intensity, chemical composition of lake water, availability of food, pollution, and interspecific and intra- specific behavior. Unfortunately, many physical, chianical and biological parameters are interrelated in such a manner that it is almost impossible to identify the contributions of each to abundance and distribution. Eval- uation of the benthic environment is further complicated by the variation of many parameters with time and space. Field sampling research is based on the premise that collection of physical, chemical and biological data at periodic intervals, rather than continuously, gives an accurate representation of variations in time. Data are usually interpolated over time intervals between station stops. However, cause and effect relationships derived from point-to-point data are often inconclusive because they do not consider the effects of short- term environmental fluctuations, and must be interpreted through a screen interposed by various sources of sampling error. In some instances, brief events or daily changes in the zoobenthic environment may be the proximal factor controlling zoobenthic abundances, yet completely escape the field study. Laboratory studies are usually designed to simulate the natural environ- ment, with manipulation of one or two parameters to observe their effect on the biota. Unfortunately, it is impossible to duplicate the natural environment in the laboratory, and therefore experimental results are often inconclusive because they do not reflect the actual response to a field situation with its many complex interactions among itaportant environmental factors. For example. Smith (1972) conducted a series of temperature survival tests for Pontopoveia in the laboratory. In short-term tests of 24 hr and 96 hr duration, Pontoipov&'la from Lake Superior, which had been acclimated to 6 C, were placed in aquaria maintained at 9, 12, 14, 16, 18 and 20 C. His results showed a 24-hr TLM of 12 C and a 96-hr TLM of 10.8 C. 57 Field observations, on the other hand, showed that Pontoporeia can live at locations in Lake Michigan where temperatures exceed 24 C and survive diurnal temperature fluctuations of 9 to 10 C. Recently, other laboratory studies have substantiated the higher figures (Industrial BIOTEST, Inc. 1975). Most zoobenthic species have limited powers of locomotion and are there- fore confined to either a burrowing existence or life at the mud-water inter- face. Consequently they are unable to avoid short-term or seasonal changes in the environment, and species inhabiting the littoral and sublittoral must be able to physiologically adjust to wide environmental fluctuations. Detailed ecological consideration of zoobenthos is further complicated by sampling error and the natural variability of counts and species compo- sition encountered within the zoobenthic community. In this report, ecolog- ical evaluations are limited to field evidence of the effects of depth, bot- tom temperature, etc. The high degree of variation associated with zoo- benthic counts, particularly of the littoral and sublittoral, and the large variety of factors which appear to influence abundances, suggest that numer- ical comparisons are more meaningful in terms of orders of magnitude. Several environmental and biological factors other than those in our analysis also appear to affect abundances, and should be considered in the design of future field studies. These are turbulence, the value of sedi- ments as food, light, and endogenous factors which affect small-scale dis- tribution of the common taxa. Turbulence Turbulence, created by waves and currents, is sufficiently strong in the littoral environment to mix and sort bottom sediments much of the time. This action will suspend finer sediments and organic detrital matter, trans- porting them to other parts of the lake. Thus the lake bottom in the lit- toral usually consists of rock, gravel, or winnowed, coarse to fine sand. Larger zoobenthic organisms are excluded from parts of this environment, particularly coarse, unstable sands, because of their inability to con- struct burrows or find sufficient quantities of food. Turbulence is less severe at depths greater than 10 m, but it can re- suspend sediments to depths of at least 35 to 45 m in the spring and fall. 58 Storm-generated turbulence coupled with nearshore currents can result in displacement of some benthic fauna. For example, Robert F. Anderson (per- sonal communication), a former diver at the Great Lakes Research Division, University of Michigan, observed large numbers of the littoral amphipod, Gcovmamis sp, on the lake bottom a few days after a large storm at a depth of 20 m. The following month Gcmnarus was not present. This was his only sighting of Gammarus at that locality that season. During a November storm, the second author (unpublished data) collected a wide variety of zoobenthos, including tubificid oligochaetes , in a power plant cooling system which draws water from above bottom at a lake depth of 9 m. Undoubtedly, local- ized faunal displacement is common in the littoral and sublittoral and might extend to the upper reaches of the profundal. Substrate and Organ-io Content Organic detritus is deposited with fine, inorganic sediments in the lower reaches of the sublittoral and profundal. Greatest counts of zoo- benthic invertebrates occur in finer grained sediments at those depths (25-55 m. Figs. 4 and 5). Food of zoobenthos is probably a combination of sedimented organic detritus, and its microflora and microfauna, and colloi- dal organic matter which coats the surface of sediment particles. The organic component is usually selected to some degree from the sediments, digested and absorbed in the gut. Abundance of zoobenthos, however, was not necessarily correlated with organic content of sediments. Powers and Robertson (1968) determined organic carbon content of sediments for stations of the lake-wide survey. They found that the average carbon content for sedilments located between 20 to 50 m was about 0.5% while carbon content of sediments deeper than 150 m averaged about 3.4%. Average benthos abundances for these two areas were ll,600/m2 for the 20-50 m interval and l,400/m2 for the greater than 150-m interval. They suggested that organic matter of deeper sediments was composed of poorly utilizable cellulose and lignins. Brinkhurst (1967) demonstrated that numbers of the segmented worm Ilyodpilus terrrpteton-i were positively correlated with organic matter of sediments in Saginaw Bay while another oligochaete, Petosootex fevox was negatively correlated. Similarly, 59 Schneider et al. (1969) found the midge, ChCronomous plumosuSj to be posi- tively correlated with percent organic matter while Cryptoah-Lronomus and Pseudoahi-ronomus were negatively correlated. Marzolf (1965b) found no relationship between Pontoporeia abundance and total sediment organic matter in Lake Michigan, but observed a preference for high bacterial concentrations by the amphipod. Zoobenthic invertebrates re-sort sediments as they feed, passing a frac- tion richer in organic matter to the sediment^water interface. Some benthic organisms, such as My sis ^ Pontopoveia and some midge larvae, undertake excursions into the water column and during this migration release fecal pellets. Decomposition of these pellets, as well as predation on the migrators by fish, redistributes important nutrients that would otherwise be lost in the sediments. Light Intensity and duration of incident radiation, transparency of lake water, and availability of nutrients collectively determine primary productivity of the lake. Light intensity also affects the vertical migrations of some zoobenthic animals. During the daytime, Pontopoveia are rarely found swinming in well illuminated, shallow areas, but a small fraction of the amphipod population will remain in the water column when light intensity is low (Wells 1968). Further, some amphipods undertake vertical migrations in the water column at night (Marzolf 1965a; Wells 1960). The opossum shrimp, Mysis veZieta, is benthic during the daytime at depths to 90 m but becomes planktonic at greater depths and at night (Beeton 1960; Powers and Robertson 1965; Robertson, Powers and Anderson 1968). Interspecific and Intraspecific Behaoior Alley and Anderson (1968) investigated small-scale patterns of spatial distribution of a sublittoral area, located at a depth of 18 m off Muskegon. The area was far from major waste effluents and had a fine sand bottom. Divers collected many hand-cores within a localized area of bottom. Two immature size groups of Pontopoveia were found. Members of a group 2 mm in length had a normal sample frequency distribution, while those 7 mm 60 long exhibited a Poisson distribution. Oligochaete sample frequencies followed a negative binomial distribution, which implied a strong tendency toward clumping. Chironomids and sphaeriids conformed to a Poisson distri- bution, suggesting random distribution in the sediments. Alley (1968) examined the interspecific associations of four taxonomic groups (Pontoporeiaj Oligochaeta, Sphaeriidae and Chironomidae) from the same Muskegon samples. He found that amphipods 2 mm and 7 mm long were negatively associated with the oligochaetes , amphipods 7 mm in length were negatively associated with sphaeriids, and no association occurred between amphipods and chironomids. Further, a strong positive association existed between oligochaetes and sphaeriids. This study also demonstrated that negative amphipod-oligochaete interactions on a small scale were similar to the relationship observed between more and less polluted regions of the lake. Small-scale, -in sttu examinations of the zoobenthic community, partic- ularly to the species level, are vital to the understanding of coimnunity structure and the role that zoobenthic invertebrates play in the ecology of the lake. The grab area of bottom samplers such as the Ponar, Smith- Mclntyre and Petersen grabs is large enough to mask small-scale associa- tions (Alley 1968) . Divers using hand sampling devices can sample the bottom more effectively and obtain better documentation of the sediment- water interface and behavior of zoobenthos. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS Total oxygen depletion, lethal concentrations of toxic materials or radioisotopes, or exposure to high temperatures have obviously disruptive effects on the benthic community, but long-term exposures to sublethal concentrations of these contaminants and long-term buildup of organic enrichment have much more subtle and less predictable impacts on the zoobenthos. Physical, chemical and biological data collected over the past 10 years indicate that the quality of the nearshore benthic environ- ment is declining rapidly in many areas of the southern basin (Howmiller 1974a). Our results verify Howmiller 's findings and further suggest that some offshore areas of the southern basin may also be changing in quality. 61 notwithstanding the persistence of such relatively sensitive species as Stytodrilus heving-ianus and Vontoyove'la aff-iwis. Generalizations of environmental quality are best determined by the species composition and abundance of the benthlc community. However, normal changes In species composition and seasonal abundance, and Inter- specific and Intraspecif ic patterns of association of the community must be studied in detail so that pollution-caused deviations can be recognized. This is particularly Important for recognition of early phases of deterio- ration, before sensitive species are exterminated from the benthlc community. Past approaches of data collection and analysis of zoobenthos can only go so far in the detection and evaluation of changes in Lake Michigan's water quality. Since zoobenthos represent only one facet of the lake's ecosystem, an integrated method of data collection and analysis of many aspects of the ecosystem as suggested by the Lake Michigan Cooling Water Study Panel and initiated by the Great Lakes Research Division, University . of Michigan in their Coherent Area Study is most appropriate. The Lake Michigan Cooling Waters Study Panel suggested that future studies Include the following: standardized units of measurement and methods of data collection; placement of results into computerized data banks to facilitate documentation and orderly flow of information; and development of a taxonomlc profile and geographical characterization of the lake's biota. With this report, these suggestions are fulfilled for the Coherent Area Study. Further, the Panel has suggested early Initiation of lake-wide monitoring of critical environmental parameters to continue several years so that seasonal and annual fluctuations can be distinguished from trends of ecological change. Finally, the panel has emphasized that possible sources of localized pollution and eutrophicatlon should be identified and monitored to determine the extent of contamination and the effects on the environment and biota. We believe that a "State of the Lake" conference should be held annually in which researchers would report on continuing lake-wide investigations for the benefit of representatives of the public, regulatory agencies and con- cerned industries. Further, a Lake Mlchiean Commission, composed of scientists, members of industry, governmental afecncieti and concerned 62 citizens should be established to consider the consequences of recent find- ings on the quality of the Lake Michigan environment, and project their import for future options of lake preservation and use. LITERATURE CITED Alley, W. P. 1968. Ecology of the burrowing amphipod, 'Pontoyoveia af finis, in Lake Michigan. Univ. Michigan, Great Lakes Res. Div. , Spec. Rep. 36, 131 p. , and R. F. Anderson. 1968. Small-scale patterns of spatial distribution of Lake Michigan macrobenthos. Proc. 11th Conf . Great Lakes Res . , p . 1-10 . , and S. C. Mozley. 1975. Temperature tolerances of the burrow- ing ampliipod, Pontoporeia af finis j in southern Lake Michigan as deter- mined by field observations. J. of Great Lakes Research (submitted for publication) . , and C. F. Powers. 1970. Dry weight of the macrobenthos as an indicator of eutrophication of the Great Lakes. Proc. 13th Conf. Great Lakes Res., p. 595-600. Ayers, J. C. and D. C. Chandler. 1967. Studies on the environment and eutrophication of Lake Michigan. Univ. Michigan, Great Lakes Res. Div., Spec. Rep. 30, 415 p. , and J. L. Hough. 1964. Studies on water movements and sedi- ments in southern Lake Michigan. Part II. The surficial bottom sedi- ments in 1962-1963. Univ. Michigan, Great Lakes Res. Di,v. , Spec. Rep. 19, 47 p. Bfeeton, A. M. 1960. The vertical migration of Mysis veZiota in Lakes Huron and Michigan. J. Fish. Res. Bd. Canada 17: 517-539. Berkson, J. M. , J. A. Lineback, and D. L. Gross. 1975. A side-scan sonar investigation of small-scale features on the floor of southern Lake Michigan. Environ. Geol. Notes, Illinois State Geol. Surv. 74: 1-18. Brinkhurst, R. 0. 1967. The distribution of aquatic oligochaetes in Saginaw Bay, Lake Huron. Limnol. Oceanog. 12: 137-143. Church, P. E. 1942. The annual temperature cycle of Lake Michigan I. Cooling from late autumn to the terminal point, 1941-42. Univ. Chicago Inst. Meteorol. Misc. Rep. 4, 51 p. Eggleton, F. E. 1936. The deep-water fauna of Lake Michigan. Pap. Mich. Acad. Sci. 21: 599-612. . 1937. Productivity of the profundal benthic zone in Lake Michigan. Pap. Mich. Acad. Sci. 22: 593-611. Federal Water Pollution Control Administration. 1968. Water quality investigations. Lake Michigan basin; biology. FOTCA, U.S. Dept. Interior, Chicago, 111. 41 p. 63 Gannon, J. E. , and A. M. Beeton. 1969. Studies on the effects of dredged materials from selected Great Lakes harbors on plankton and benthos. Univ. ¥isconsin-Milv?aukee, Center for Great Lakes Studies Spec. Rep. No. 8, 82 p. and . 1971. Procedures for determining the effects of dredged sediments on biota-benthos viability and sediment selectivity tests. J. Water Poll. Contr. Fed. 43: 392-398. Heard, W. J. 1963. The biology of Pts-idium (Neopisidiim) aonpentus Clessin (Pelecypods; Sphaeriidae) . Pap. Mich. Acad. Sci. 48: 77--86. Henson, E. B. 1966. A review of Great Lakes benthos research. Univ. Michigan, Great Lakes Res. Div. Pub. 14: 37-54. 1970. Pontoporeia aff-Cni-s in the Straits of Mackinac region. Proc. 13th Conf. Great Lakes Res., p. 601-610. Hough, J. L. 1935. The bottom deposits of southern Lake Michigan. J. Sed. Petrol. 5: 57-80. Howmiller, R. P. 1972. Effects of preservatives on weights of some common macrobenthic invertebrates. Trans. American Fish. Soc. 101: 743-746. . 1974a. A review of selected research on the biology and sedi- ments of southern Lake Michigan with particular reference to the Calumet Area. In: Vol. 2, R. H. Snow, Water pollution investigation: Caliamet Area of Lake Michigan, p. A-1 to A-77. . 1974b. Composition of the oligochaete fauna of central Lake Michigan. Proc. 17th Conf. Great Lakes Res., p. 589-592. Industrial BIO-TEST Laboratories Inc. 1975. Compilation of special reports on the effects of Zion Station operation on the biota in southwestern Lake Michigan 1975. Report to Commonwealth Edison Co., Chicago, 111. Johnson, M. G. , and D. H. Matheson. 1968. Macroinvertebrate communities of the sediments of Hamilton Bay and adjacent Lake Ontario. Limnol. Oceanog. 13: 99-111. Johnson, W. D., F. K. Kawahara, L. E. Scarce, F. D. Fuller and C. Risley, Jr. 1968. Identification of residual oil pollutants in surface waters of the southern end of Lake Michigan. Proc. 11th Conf. Great Lakes Res., p. 550-564. Marzolf , G. R. 1965a. Vertical migration of Pontoporeia af finis (Amphipoda) in Lake Michigan. Proc. 8th Conf. Great Lakes Res., p. 133-140. 1965b. Substrate relations of the burrowing amphipod Ponto- poveia af finis in Lake Michigan. Ecology 46: 579-592 McWilllam, P. S. 1970. Seasonal changes in abundance and reproduction in the "opossum shrimp", Mysis reliata Loven, in Lake Michigan. M.S. Thesis, Univ. Sydney, Australia, 94 p. Mozley, S. C. 1974. Preoperational distribution of benthic macro inverte- brates in Lake Michigan near the Cook Nuclear Power Plant, p. 5-137. In E. Seibel and J. C. Ayers, The biological, chemical, and physical charac- ter of Lake Michigan in the vicinity of the Donald C. Cook Plant. Univ. Michigan, Great Lakes Res. Div., Spec. Rep. 51. 64 , and W. P. Alley. 1973. Distribution of benthic invertebrates in the south end of Lake Michigan. Proc. 16th Conf. Great Lakes Res., p. 87-96. , and R. P. Howmiller. (In press). Benthos of Lake Michigan. Vol. 6, Generic Statement on the Lake Michigan Basin. Argonne National Laboratories, Argonne, Illinois. Noble, V. E. 1967. Temperature structure of Lake Michigan. Univ. Michigan, Great Lakes Res. Div. Spec. Rep. 30, p. 340-365. Pennak, R. W. 1953. Fresh-water invertebrates of the United States. Ronald Press Co., New York, 769 p. Powers, C. P., and W. P. Alley. 1967. Some preliminary observations on the depth distribution of macrobenthos in Lake Michigan. Univ. Michigan, Great Lakes Res. Div. Spec. Rep. 30, p. 112-125. , and A. Robertson. 1965. Some quantitative aspects of the macrobenthos of Lake Michigan. Proc. 7th Conf. Great Lakes Res., p. 153-159. , and . 1967. Design and evaluation of an all-purpose benthos sampler. Univ. Michigan, Great Lakes Res. Div. Spec. Rep. 30, p. 126-128. , and . 1968. Subdivisions of the benthic environ- ment of the upper Great Lakes with emphasis on Lake Michigan. J. Fish. Res. Bd. Canada 25: 1181-1197. , , S. A. Czaika, and W. P. Alley. 1967. Lake Michigan biological data, 1964-66. Univ. Michigan, Great Lakes Res. Div. Spec. Rep. 30, p. 179-227. Robertson, A. 1967. A note on the Sphaeriidae of Lake Michigan, p. 132- 135. In: J. C. Ayers and D. C. Chandler, Studies on the environment and eutrophication of Lake Michigan. Univ. Michigan, Great Lakes Res. Div. Spec. Rep. 30. , and W. P. Alley. 1966. A comparative study of Lake Michigan macrobenthos. Limnol. Oceanog. 11: 576-583. . , C. F. Powers, and R. F. Anderson. 1968. Direct observations on Mysi-s retiota from a submarine. Limnol. Oceanog. 13: 700-702. Schneider, J. C, F. F. Hooper and A. M. Beeton. 1969. The distribution and abundance of benthic fauna in Saginaw Bay. Proc. 12th Conf. Great Lakes Res., p. 80-90. Seibel, E. , and J. C. Ayers. 1974. Natural lake-water temperatures in the near shore waters of southeastern Lake Michigan. Univ. Michigan, Great Lakes Res. Div. Spec. Rep. 51, p. 333-367. Shimp, N. F. , H. V. Leland and W. A. White. 1970. Distribution of major, minor, and trace constituents in unconsolidated sediments from southern Lake Michigan. Illinois State Geol. Surv. , Environ. Geol. Notes, No. 32, 19 p. 65 J. A. Schleicher, R. R. Ruch, D. B. Heck and H. V. Leland. 1971. Trace element and organic carbon accumulation in the most recent sediments of southern Lake Michigan. Illinois State Geol. Surv. , Environ. Geol. Notes, No. 41, 25 p. Smith, W. E. 1972. Culture, reproduction and temperature tolerance of Pontoporiea af finis in the laboratory. Trans. Amer. Fish. Soc. 101: 253- 256. Somers, L. H. , and P. D. Josephson. 1968. Bottom sediments of southwestern Lake Michigan. Proc. 11th Conf. Great Lakes Res., p. 245-252. Wells, L. 1960. Seasonal abundance and vertical movement of planktonic Crustacea in Lake Michigan. Fish. Bull. U.S. Fish. Wildl. Serv. 60: 343- 369. 1968. Daytime distribution of Pontoporeia affinis off bottom in Lake Michigan. Limnol. Oceanog. 13: 703-705. 66 APPENDIX BENTHIC DATA OF THE COHERENT AREA STUDY, 1964-67 Physical and biological data presented here are arranged by station for 51 benthos stations sampled by the Great Lakes Research Division, University of Michigan from August 1964 to July 1967. Latitudes, longi- tudes, average depth and most frequently described sediment type for these sediments are presented in Tables 1 and 2 of the Methods section of the main report. Data were arranged serially in a time sequence for each station, be- ginning with the initial sampling date. The notation "minus one" (-1) was used to indicate missing data, whenever either a station was missed or the data were discarded because they were not considered valid. Visual descriptions of sediments were coded as follows: 1 = pebbles or gravel, 2 = coarse or medium sand, 3 = fine sand, 4 = silty sand, 5 = sandy silt and 6 = silt or clay. 67 Di^c DEPTH METERS TEHPERlTUaE SUR. 80 r. "!T«TIOM P-) 5ED' M4C«0BE"TMIC (l»r,jNISMS. MixufS Pf.P 5t;ilA0E ►TTEB CPOE AMPMlPOcA "Lir.cCHtETJ SPMaE»UUlE CHISONOPInur 0T^.ER5 WT, OF MACPOflFWTHOS roTjL &»>■*% PEP soUiPf "eteb COUNT OBY »T, ASM fBFF KT, */ S/66 PC 3.2 -1,0 V 1/66 20 23.5 .1.0 S/lS/67 ?n a^5 .5,5 1075, Jn?!. 3633. 1097. 151. !61. 323. 65, 0. ??, 5311. 0. ^5539, ?Z. 3035 flH. <»46. 12'n, 107. 64. 537. 3B7. *3. *3. 516. ??. 0. ?a. 0, 0. 0. 379. 279. 623. 2044. 2065. 28?i. 2""!. 37fl4. 120«. 6*71, 36721, 5B47. 3.4ft 3.94 "i.O? 1,47 1.25 1,36 5,67 16.62 7.76 2.06 1.31 2. IS 0,97 l.OS 2,90 9.64 2.5* DATE DEPTH METERS TEMPERATURE SUR. BOr. STATION p. 2 SFD. MiCHORENTHtc ORCANtSMS. NUmhfHS PER SQUARE "ETeR CODE AHPMIPOdA OLinOCHAETA SPHAEPilOAE CHIRONOHIOAE OTHERS wt. of m4cro8e>)tm0s TOTaL SRaMS per SOUaRE meter COUNT OXY WT, »SH FREF HT, 4/ 8/66 31 2,5 .1.1, 1/ 1/66 46 23.3 .1.0 Sl/13/66 36 10,6 .l,o 5/16/67 So T 8 -1.0 1=1. 799S 172. P6. 8364, 6343 3633. 6794, 24n8. 2967. SO23! 4365, 9?5. 6988, 860. 1505. f.A44] 3591, ««0. 6429, 538. 1140. 3*83. 5934 344. 537. IT?. 1*14. 967. 3504. 4235. 193. 795. 86. 129. 107. 6*. »3. 0. 0. 0. »3. *3. ??• »3. 8. 22. 6. 0. 0. 0. 0, 8579, 9224, 6751, 22, U932, 0. 8441. A3. 8256. IIOOB. 9374, 9160. 4236. 7912. 10.65 11.57 10,07 *.»? 4.7? 3.89 T.08 9.71 4.22 6.28 2.50 5.15 4.88 4.92 4.T4 3.27 3.46 2.80 3.50 4.91 1.T9 3.69 1.50 3,20 STATION p-3 DEPTH TEMPERATURE SEP. maCorfnTHjc ORGANISMS, nOMreRS "f SQUARE MeTeR TOTaL METERS SUR. ROT, CODE AMPMIPOllA OLIGOCH4ET4 SPHAERlIOAg CHIRONOMIDAE OTHERS COUNT XT, OF HACROPENTHOS crahs per square MeTeR ort ht, ash fref. wt. */ 8/66 65 2,5 -1,0 6 6 6 »/ 1/66 68 23, » -l.o 6 5/16/67 73 4,0 .l,j ., -I .1 4214, 34n3. 4236. 3*40. 3096. 4322. 2365. 32P4. 25)f. 1634. 1183. 989. *♦*. lOTS. 1140, 1032, 1419, 1118. 1096. 494, 666, 1247. 752. 709. 45>. 1183, 280. 22. 64. ?'9, ♦3. 0. »2. 129. 0. 43, 22. ?2. **. 21. 43. 22. 0. 7009, S246, 6192. 5740. 4964. 6214, 387J. 6086, 3914, 4,30 3,45 4,20 ».42 3.64 ♦.31 -1,00 -I. 00 -1,00 3,n") 2.63 3.23 3.TI 3.03 3.65 -l.OII -1.68 -1.00 DEPTH METERS TEMPERATURE SUR. SOT. STATION N.S SFD. MacRObeNTHIc OROaNiSMS. NUMBER5 PER SOUaBe MitTeb XT. OF HACROBENThOS XnoJ .M=i,„„.."= ""WA'.iar.j, nuMBE'"> PER 5BU4RE MpTEB TOTaL ORaMS PER SOUiPF xrTrB CODE AmphipodA UlIOOCHAETA SPNAERIIOAE CHIRONOMIDAE OTHERS COUNT OR* WT. "h FREE Wt! S/lS/65 t« -1,0 .1,0 2 2 2 T/30/65 12 21,0 -1.0 3 3 3 ,f0/13/65 14 12,8 -1,0 ) 1 1 3/28/66 15 3,1 -1,0 1 I 1 6/ 6/66 13 14,5 -1,0 3 3 3 6/29/66 14 22.9 -1,, * 89? -11: 237, 619 602. 989 »16, 452, 1226, 1527, 225, 77*, 0. 0. 36335, 2107, 22. 65, 129. 151, 108. *09. '10. 86. SS9, ??. 473. 280. 667. 473, VR9. 1 ■'33 323. 65. 237. 49). 528. 236. 58o. 559, IT?. 129, 0, 387. 150. lOT, 2?. 107. 117. 64. 18. 127. 322, 580- 645. 301. 43. 0. 0. 43. lOT, 43. 64. 22. 0, 1329, 2.*5 0. 0. 819, 1820, 13.57 -1.00 0, 2149. 1.50 0. 0. 2902. 3183, 7.84 1.T7 0. 1527, 1.23 [T2. 43, 36679, 2150. 4.28 0.73 22. 496. 0,40 0. ♦ 3. 430. BIT. 0.79 3,00 ». 861. 0.18 0. 0, 1117. ♦31. 0.63 1.15 0, 1290. 4,34 0. 0. 1440. 1*63. 4.51 0.39 0.38 1.91 -1.00 o.si 1.87 0,50 2'24 0,40 O.IO 0.22 0,62 0.11 0.28 0,35 0.89 0,25 68 DATE ST«TIO»i W-1 UT. nF m»cBo3Em'''hoS OECTH TEMPeHjTURE "SrO, "ACI'nBFNTMIc OBr,sNIS"S, NUXflfHS PfP COU'aRE "fTER TOTaL 6H4MS PEP SQUAPE «ETE« METERS SUB, bOI. code A»P»IP0D« ULIT-OCHAETa SPHAEPIIOAE CHIOONDMIDAF OTHEKS count u«V Wf, »SH FPEE «T, t/ 1/66 15 23.7 11/13/66 U '.0 S/16/6T -p u.O -1.0 • 1.0 I 1 -1.0 1054. Ml. '»46, 0. 8tO. T3b4 ?365 66 ?37 B6 IS*] 344 344 1'?. i3f, 150. 0. ??. 0. 0. "6. ?1^. 151). JSfl. 0. 0. 107. 17Z. 0„ 4"16. e.')? 0,. 0,, 3160. 371'», 1.14 2.17 0. «6. -1.00 0. o„ loa. 0.16 0.03 o„ 2301. 0.*1 o„ 0.. 1311. 1570, 0.19 0.3S 1.74 0.51 o,7n -1.00 0.06 0,02 0.26 0.1^ 0.20 DATE DEPTH METEPS TehpePaTUSE sua. Bor. 5/15/6S ♦(! -1,0 -i.e T/30/66 3(1 21. S -l.o 10/13/65 ♦« 14,1 3/28/66 43 2.1 -1.0 6/ 6/66 34 13.3 .1.0 6/2">/66 34 22.6 .1.,, 9/ 1/66 37 22,9 -1,5 11/13/66 »? 10. S .1.0 5/16/67 4) e.i .!.(, SEO. COE «;TAri(,N N.2 MaCKOBENTHTc OHflsMSMS. NUl/BE«S PEP SUUjRE MfTeR AMPHIP004 ULI'^OCHAETA SPMAE»IIDAE CHIRONOMlDAg OTHfWS -1.0 .1 -1 237. 455. 200. 1765. 2076. 965. 0. 10". 0. 2322. ?688. 2666. !P9. 1?9. 215. ?537. 3612. 3720. 2365. 3440. 2064. 154S. 1785. 2086. 22. 43. 1?'. 1032. 774. 946. 4343. 5590. 45S8, 16?9. 3333; 197H. 65. I?9. 86. 6644. 3999! 5»Vi, '31. I2?6. 1290. 3763. 3655. 5337. 23'. 65. 194. ^9«.i^ 4666. 2430. 246=;. 4204, 1055, 2150. 2838. 1784, 1870. 1913. 1935. 2365. 2472. 2974. 1161. 1419. 1225, 2042, 408, 3311. 1268, 1569. 1870, 3504. 2408. 3074, 2477. 369a, 254. 1H7. 109. 22. ♦ 3. »3. 0. 27. 0, 279. 408. 215, 43. 64. »73. 623. 86. 0. »6' 27. 0. 27. 43. THfWS ioTal COUNT GW4MS P OPT WT. 36. 0. IS, 4730. 7817. 2347. 3.05 3.17 0,93 0. 0. 0. 4494. 5677. 4493, 3.62 3.32 3.21 64, 22. 22, 4600. 5698. 5872. 3.24 3.59 2.89 64, 64. 22, 6621. 8169. 7311. 4.67 4.94 4.67 «. 2237. 1.99 0. 0. 2281. 2364. 2.00 2.10 0. 0, 0. 8557, 9954, 9933, 10,22 11.95 12.14 22, 43. 22. 8021. 57B3. 7891, 2.92 2.76 2.57 0. 0< 0. 68,6, 8471. 9052. 3,12 3.65 4,56 0. 22. 0. 10256, 7247. 636S. 3.84 5.38 2.32 WT. OF HACROflENTH^S SOUaRE HgTgB ASH FOEE WT. 1.62 1.52 0.40 1.25 1'15 1,05 US'- 1.87 1,37 2,69 2.96 2,66 0.86 0.89 1.0« T,34 9.63 8,51 1,68 1.45 1,33 1.2" 1,78 2,23 1.87 2.97 0.92 DEPTH "ETERS TEMPEHaTDRE SUR. BOI. SED. CODE STATION N-3 "ACHOBEIJTMIc OPSANtSMS. NUMBERS PER SOUjRE MfTER AMPHIPOOA ULIGOCHAETA SPHAERIIOAE CHIRONOMIOAE OTHERS WT. OF HACR09ENTHOS TOTAL ORaMS per SOUaRE HeTeR' COUNT DRY WT. ASH FREE WT, 5/15/65 62 -1.0 -1.0 7/30/55 60 22.2 -1.0 10/13/65 65 13_9 .1.0 3/27/66 59 2.4 .1.0 6/ 6/66 58 13.0 6/29/66 57 22.4 .1.0 9/ 1/66 67 23,0 5/16/67 68 3,8 2457, 3385. 637, 6479. 7633. 7611. 4616. 5576. »537. 7052. 7246. fc7'50" 6901. *117. 5268. 4730, 5944. 49o2- 6149. 2903. 2^95, 3775, 1474 419 l747 1763 7881 17B5 1441 1 "54 1441 1054 1118 860 749» 7537 li J 116] 116] 903 1161 855, 800. 2064. 1849. 3202. 1204. 831, 3225, 1569. 103P, 208S. 197n. 946. 559. 537. 1333. 75?. 1569. 1354. 709, 774. 1*3. 200- 36, 279, 301. 408, 150. 236, 322, 607. 387. 193- 322. 0. 64. 27. 27. 54, »093 54, 0. 5913 1146 «. 10514 0. 0, 11546 14103 0. 797' *3, A3, 8216 6515 0, 10364 0. 0. 10712 9568 ». 8879 0. 10478 9094 21. 7933 0. 0. 8514 8126 *3. 7643 107. 0. 6986 913' 0. 5440 43. 0. 4472 5182 I." 2.99 0.54 6.17 5.83 5.53 3.87 3.59 2,83 3,82 4.56 *.25 4,72 6.10 5.58 6,11 3,98 3,99 5.13 3,36 2.82 3,29 I." 2.33 0.39 2,79 2.6' 2.19 2.25 3.56 4.65 4.02 *.I2 4.67 3,16 3.35 4,00 2.63 2.28 2.** 69 DEPTH TewPe^aTUHe D4TE KETEBS SUR. BOI, STATION G-1 "!rO. Mjc^nRtNTHtc OPnaNtSxS. MIHBt.l'S PfB S'JiijRt "pTeP TOTaL CODE AMPr^IPODA ULIROCHAETA SPHftEPIIOAE CHIPONOMIOAP OTHER'S COUNT HT. Of MACP08E«TM0S O^A"' Pf SOUjRe MeTeR UM» WT. ASM FOef «T. 5/I5/6S IJ -J.o -l.o T/3(I/6S IS 2a,5 .1.0 J0/13/i5 13 12.8 .1.0 3/28/46 1? 1,5 .1.0 6/ 6/66 15 15.1 .1.0 »/2'»/66 I* 20,8 .1,0 8/31/66 14 23,2 .l,o n/13/66 U 8,3 .1,0 5/16/6T J3 .1.0 .1,0 2 2 2 1». 164. ln9. 3«2. 21^. 328, 3 3 3 2043, 1634. 1204. 3S7_ 151. 817, 4 4 4 0. 116. 22. 16276. IS545, 2 2 2 6e«. 674. '•112. 86, 86, 225, 3 3 3 4J?2. 13760. '»245. 387^ 1140. 774, 5 5 S 179. 22. 69?3. ,785. 4386. 366. 3 4 3 22. 323, !0'»7. 7977. 2451. 3 3 3 0. 0. 22. lo'^so. 8514. 3677, 2 2 2 «3. 4<(S. 194. 43, 387, 323. 344, 45). 40(1, 1^2. 774. 122>!, 623. 150. 279, 215. 406. 0. 279. 2). 537. 1376. 430. 2601. 580. 107. 107, HIT. ♦3. 36. 0. 22. 0. 0» 0. 0. 22. 22. 22. 22. 64. ♦3. 43. 86. 0. »«. *♦. 43. ♦3. 0. 43. 0. 18. 0. 0. 0. 22. 0. 322. 3". 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. «. «. 0. ♦3. 107. 0. 0. 0. 0. c. 0. 63/. 41H. 473. 281'. 22'>0. 2429. 12212, 17458' 17157. 1397. 802. 1322. SOIO. 15137. 10491. 1957. 4730. 7396. 210». 9482. 3333. 13415. 9137. 3849, 193. 1032. 560. 6.98 -1.00 1.25 '.♦» 11.73 8.63 11.31 20.29 17,.37 11.23 0.85 4.63 12,50 8.75 11.04 I." 7.85 1.90 0.73 6.11 1.38 12,84 10.32 2,23 2,25 0.47 0.52 1.46 -l.no 0.39 1,42 3.05 2.35 8.88 4.77 1.81 0.29 1.31 2.19 2.60 3.04 1.31 2.86 i.JT 0.42 2.39 0.54 4.90 3.17 0.91 .6.37 0.23 0.16 D4TE DEPTH METEPS TENPER4TURE SUR. 80T. SEO. CODE STATION S-2 MaCOBENTMIc ORGANtSHS. NUMBERS PER SOUaRe MpTgR 4MPMIP0DA OLIGOCHAETA SPHAERIIOAE CHIRONOMIOAIE OTHERS S/15/65 i!J -1,0 -l.o 2 2 2 T/30/65 20 22.2 .1.0 3 3 3 10/13/65 20 12,9 .1,0 2 2 2 3/28/66 21 1,5 -1,0 1 1 2 6/ 6/66 21 14,9 .1.0 3 3 3 6/29/66 22 22.0 .1.0 * 8/31/66 22 22.8 .1,0 1 1 1 11/13/66 21 10,3 -1.0 ♦ 18. 382, 164. Ifl9, 218. 328. 3741. 323. 7568. 6687, 344. 366. 3053, 344. 3483. 3763, 430. 710. 43, 194. 172. 645, 172. 108. 10664, 1011. 645. 3182. 6300. 1892. 373, 4042, 1398. 968. 3311. 5375, 86. 903, 151. 194. 0. 28C, 538. 108, 7)0. 366, 194, 237, 164. 0. 36. 169, 64. 22. 8S 86. 107. 22. 0. 107. 451. 344. 1225. 473. 215' 967. 0. 0- 21. 0. 64. 107. 55. 36. 0. 0« 22. 0- 0. 22. 43. 0. 64, 43- 64, 1»3. 27" 64. 22. 22 • 0. 0. 22. 0, ITHE'S TOTAL COUNT OHamS Pt OHY WT, 18. 637. 4)8. 473. 7,24 6.58 2.54 22. 4195, 7976. 7097, 2.52 1.89 1.60 22! ♦3. 3505, 4621. 4671, «.S4 5.02 3,56 **• 0* *•• 280, 387. 860. 0.27 0.22 3,20 9» J2I90. 13577. 6363. 6,79 JO. 87 7.02 0. S031. 4946. T374. 8.35 6.61 12,40 0. 0* 0. 1011. 173. 495. 0.27 0.09 0,20 0. 0. 646. 990. 710. 0.23 0.42 0.40 VIT. OF M4CH08E»1TH0S SOUaRF METER ASH FREE HT, 1.63 1.31 0.72 1.62 t>50 1.31 2.19 2.50 »,I6 0.16 0.62 S.23 4.36 2.2* 3.28 2.42 4,66 O.lT «.06 0.1* 8.21 0.33 0.19 DATE DEPTH HETERS TEMPERATURE SUR. 801, SEO. CODE STATION G-3 MACOSENTMlc ORBANTSMS« NUMBi-RS PER SQUARE "eTeR TOTaL AMPHIPOOA OuigOCHAETA SPHAERIIOAE CHIRONOMIOAF OTHERS COUNT XT. or hacrosenthos OHAMS PER SQUARE HCTcR DRY WT. ASH FREE >'T, 5/15/65 40 -1.0 -1.0 2 4 2 7/30/65 ^T 21,9 .1,0 4 4 4 1583. 2 = 1. 1110. 17*3, 2150. *"SS8, 1128. 255. 1383. 925, 2709. 1247. 58?. 236. 2147. 688. I)6(1. l»7p. 72. 145. 254. 0- 43. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 3365. 927. 4894. 3376. 57l». T71«, 1.74 0.37 6.04 2.95 4.97 4.41 1.29 0.23 ♦.92 1.89 2.81 3.35 70 DEPTH METEPS TemPEPaTUPE SUP, boi. ■JT'TION 6-3 SFD. MACWOHfc«jTM;(; CHRlNTSMSi NlJcpFHS PEP SfJUaPE "ETEP rOOE AWPHIPCPJ Ulir.UCHlETA SPMaEOIIU/\£ CMIBONOMIOiF OTHEKS WT, OF HiCP^BEM^MOS TOTsl. SKaM5 PEP 5OU4PE >'E^EP COUNT pHY WT, ASM FPfF WT, 10/13/6S 33 13.5 .1.0 3/2T/64 4o -1,0 -1.0 6/ 6/64 38 14.0 -1.0 6/29/66 36 23.) -l.n 5/16/67 4(1 .1.0 .1.0 3ie?. 6bl5. 6«7?, 6704, V740. "OPO. I62M. 1&7P1, 14534, S5nt, 6817. 669(10, ?2296 ?eo ■116 79<, 1?«7 1355 1182 7lO 774 1204 ?«23 55700 I 131, 107, 51f, 903. 473. ITZO, 2644. 169P, 4oS, 107, 516. ess. 16120. 86. 365. 494. 666. 1010. U39. 64. 43. 0. 3°1 408 0. 11701. 0. 63?1. 22. 23393, 4064, 8299, 8235, 0, 104?7. 0. 14749. 0, 12039. 16383. 16705, 16254. 10»14, 10599, 9180. 10,75 7.?7 9.08 1,87 3.96 5,33 7.44 8,71 7,98 6,62 5,34 6.77 ♦.95 I 45 2 78 4 .19 s 71 6 .96 4 97 6 72 6 14 7,07 4.1? 4 06 3 61 DATE DEP^H HETEfiS Te^PEPaTURe SUR. BOt, 3/28/66 22 -1,0 ♦/ 7/66 -1.0 11/13/66 10 9,9 .1.0 SFD. CODE -1.0 1 -1 STATION s-1 «ACPOBENTtirc OROANISHS. NUMgEHS PER SQUARE "Vfl AHPHIPOOA ULIG0CH4ET4 SPHAERHDAE CHIPONOMInAE OTHERS ♦O?0. 2Bf,0. 2705, 0, -1. -1. ?2. 22. 0. 881. 1806, 2129. 710. -1. -1. 1?986. 9847. 22. 903. 151. 258, -1. -1. 516. 0, 43. 22. 0. 22. HI TOTAL RS COUNT 6RAHS P OHY WT, 5847, 6.40 0. 0, 4860. 5204, 3.22 3.76 0, 732, 0.11 1. 1, •1. -1. -I. 00 -1,00 0, 13373, 8,50 0. 0, 10385. 44, 8.34 -0,01 wt. of hacrobenthos SOUaRE heter ASH FREE WT, 3 .IT 2 2 ,08 35 06 .1 00 00 4.53 — 93 01 DATE STATION 5-2 DEPTH TEMPERATURE 5ED. MaCPORENTHTC ORGJNTSWS. NUMBERS PER StJUjRE MrTEB TOTAL METERS SUR, 801. COOE AmpmipooA OlIGOChAETA SPHaehhdAe CHIRONOmidae others COUNT wt. of hacp08enth0s orahs per SOUaPE HETeR dry wt. ash free wt, 4/ T/66 ?P 2.6 6/31/66 26 22,1 11/13/66 9 8.2 5/18/67 12 -1.0 -1.0 1 1 -1.0 -1.0 172. 43 129. 43 0. 2i.O 65. 1398 22. 65. 43. 43. 0. 43. 2»0 65. 473 I?9, 1097 0. 0. 0. 494, 0. ♦3. 193. 86. 215, 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 21S. 172. 280, 1957, 22. 108. 43. 43. 0. 516. 688, 1484, 0.16 0.11 0,13 0,92 -1.00 -1,00 0,06 -1.00 0,00 12,09 1.21 9. OR 0.14 0.08 0,09 0,07 -1.00 • 1,00 0,04 -1.00 0,00 1,95 0.37 I. 57 DEPTH METERS Temperature SUR, HOr. STATION S-3 . „ , WT. OF macrobenthos SfO. MacROBENTHIc OpraNISms. NUMBERS PER SOUjRE HeTeR T0T4I. OHa"S PER SSUaRF METER COOE AMPHIPODA OLIGOCHAETA SPHAERII04E CHIRONOMIDAe' OTHERS COUNT DRY WT. ASH FPFE WT. 4/ 7/66 35 2,3 8/31/66 28 22,3 5/18/67 1? -1,0 -1.0 -1.0 1 1 -I.O 1 86. 215 22. 43. 86 602 430. 258. 3161. 2537 1398 194 ?2. 65. 65. 1054 980 817 0. 0. p. 0. 0- 2558. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0" 22. 0. 0. 301 3. 108 645 0. 2967 ♦ 1. 1699 5935 2;>. 1120 0. 4), 1076 925 0.14 0.07 0,29 1,65 0.96 2.70 0.52 0.69 0,72 0,11 0.05 0.21 1.2* 0.76 1.45 0.46 0,53 71 DATE DEPTH METERS TEMPEHiTURE SUR. 801. SFO. coot STATION S-' MACWIflFNTHIC 0»r,4NTSMS. Mlt-RF"?; PtB SOUaSE HeIEB TOTAL jMpJllPOPA ULinOCHAETA SPMAEOIIOAE CHIPONOMIDAE OTME"S COUNT WT, OF HACPOaENTHOS GHa»S "tP S0U»OE "E^EP our WT. «SH FPfE "T, ♦/ 7/65 »2 2.0 -1.0 S/31/66 43 22.2 -I.O S/18/67 3* -1.0 IHr». 3016. 2817. llb»6. 10««2' 0. 7b47. 1«?8. *0*2. 1720. 197R. 20<>». 1699. 1505. 559. 12*7. »6P. 129. 236. TOP, 1053. 0. 322. 0. 2?. 602. 40P. *'3. 0. 22' 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 3Bn6 22. 0. 537b 550» 22. 9396 S6. 0. 13502- 22. 9396, 43. 22. 2*30 5333 2. SB 3.57 3.80 6.51 5.56 0.00 ♦ .28 1.75 3.5* l."3 2.0* 3.2* 5.*'' 4.S0 O.on 2.AA 1.31 2.5' DATE dfipth HeTEPS TEMPERATURE SUR. BOT. STATION v-1 SEO. MACBCRENTHIC ORRANISMS. NUMBF.RS PER SOU4RE MeTE" '0 CODE AHPMIPODA OLIGOCHAETA SPHAERIIOAE CHIRONOMIOAE OTHERS COUNT ORT WT WT, OF MACROBENTHOS 6R4MS PEP SOU»RE "ETeP ASH FREE WT. ♦/ S/66 16 ♦.2 8/31/65 JS Z3.2 11/13/65 16 9,0 5/16/67 17 -1.0 -1.0 1 1 -1.0 .1.0 -1.0 1 1 0, 0. 0. 151, 194, 0, 234*. 22, 189?. 172. 129, 0, 538. 559 0. »52. 5483 1333 0. 0. 0. 1097 452 215 0. 22. 0, 0. 2?. 258. 387. 408. 0. 0. C'. 22. 0> 0. 258. 107. 107. 451. IT2. 473. 0. 0. 22. 43. 22. 0. 216, 238. 0. 0.03 0.05 0,00 43. 22. 43. 2667. 2150. 3*». 1.85 0.69 0.54 0. 0. 0. 1806. 6042. 2556. *.23 6.07 5.61 0. 0. 0. 1097. 452. 237. 0.39 0.08 0.05 0.03 0.03 0.00 1.0(1 0.62 0.15 1.95 1.58 0.20 0.04 0.02 o«te DEPTH METERS tempeHaTupe SUR, boi. SFO. ccde STATION V-2 HacROBENTHIc organisms. NUupEPS PEP SOUjPE MpTER TOT«L AMPHIPOoA OLIGOCHAETA SPHAERIIOAE CMIPONOMIpAE OTHERS COUNT WT, or MACP08ENTHOS ORa«S PER SOUaRe meTeR OHY WT, »SH FPEE WT. 4/ 7/66 34 3.2 9/ 1/56 29 22,5 11/13/56 27 10,8 5/15/67 27 8,0 3225. 8665. 215. 7396. 710. 1*018. -1,0 -1.0 10772. 11331. »rnB. ♦ 09. 0. 373. S3B. 409. 403. 2881. 40*2. 3182. 2774. 4343. 3452. 5719^ 7934. 4945. 430. 129. 365. 2408. 4149. 1634. 1827. IB49. 1827. 1577, 1290. 2773. 43. 0. 43. 0. 0« 0. 0. 22« 85, 22. 107. 0. 0. 22. 0. 0. «. 0. 0. 0. 0. ?2. 12353, 7740, 15158, 16083. J9522. 11524. 5010, 6214. 5698, 7956. 9740. 8155, 12,43 10,78 14,54 14,55 15.32 11,20 T.l* 5.32 3,58 4,34 7.82 9.53 5,78 4.79 5,96 11,09 10. «0 «.1T 2.05 2.30 1.04 1.57 3.55 3.69 STATION v-3 DEPTH DATE METERS tehpepature SUR, BOI, SEO. CODE MACRPBENTMIc ORGANISMS. NUMBERS AMPHIPOOA OLIGOCHAETA SPHAERIIOAE PER SQUARE METER CHIRONOMIOAE, OTHERS TOTAL COUNT ORAMS PER DRY WT. souape mi ASH FREE 9/ 1/65 52 22,9 -1.0 ♦ 4 4 5332. fl041. 6171, 1892, 2817, 22''9. 656. U6l. 1225. 43. 43. 0* 0. 22. 0. 7976. 12019. 9491, 4.B5 7.22 5,43 4.22 6.09 4,44 5/16/67 48 -1.0 -1.0 5 5 5 54B3, 6675. 5977. 1957, 1699. 3526. 502. 473. 107. l»3. 0. 129. 0. 43. 0. 8235, 797T. 9553, 3,44 4,35 4.25 2.ST 3. 32 3,26 72 DEPTH TEMPEOjTUHE OjTe meters SUft. BO I. 3/27/66 1<> 2.1 2.1 ♦/29/66 18 9.2 6.2 6/ 4/66 IT 16. T T.o 6/28/66 Ifl 22.0 6,5 8/30/66 17 21 _9 ,1 ,o 9/26/66 19 19^0 18.3 10/26/66 19 13.4 13.1 11/ 9/66 17 10,6 10.6 4/19/67 IS 5,5 S.s 5/22/67 19 11,5 10. 4 6/12/67 IR 16.2 8,* T/lI/67 19 . 21.5 8,9 8/17/64 16 19.1 17,2 9/20/64 1« -1,0 -1,0 10/16/64 IB IS.O .1.0 11/10/64 19 12,5 -1,0 4/ 4/6S 17 7,6 7,7 6/ 3/65 18 13.8 7.7 7/ 2/69 18 18.1 8.7 7/16/65 17 21,5 10. o 8/13/65 17 21.0 -1.0 9/18/65 19 18,3 9,5 10/I3/6S 17 12,9 12. g 11/ 5/65 18 II. 2 -1.0 SFO. CODE STATION A-1 '■aCI'nHf NTMIC OHGANISKS. NUMHFHS "f SOIIjRE TTfO AMPhlPOlu ULIfilJCHitTj SfMAfOHUAF CHIBONnMItilF 6thE«S 3?3. Z'lT. IP". 344 65 6^, 194. 43. 11S7. ?37^ 30l! 1333, 90 = 2. 5332. 7*82, 946, 68«i 1247, 2945. 4666. 6030, B6_ 215. 495 2795. 26^6. 33S4. 516, 1613. 3118. 2989. I?63. »!7. 710, 688. 258. 194. 108. 1204. 1613, 372'5. 860, 975. 989. 9?4. 301. 323. 1054. ?2. 903. •>16. 108. 151. 194. 258. 2322. 495. 323. 129. 2Bn. 796. ?2. 473. 65. 172. 0. 946, 280. 860. 387. l?o. 710. 359. 375. 3?6. "1. 147. 65. 1874. 4727. 1891. 522. 1630. 1385, 33. 717. 81. 49. 1*. 49. 1141. 2706. 2Bfk9. 391. 391. 619. 456. 81. 33. ?'T. 98. 261. 2<'3. 98. S?2. 98. o'. 65. )n8. 1312. 23?2. 258. 151. 538. iOl. 4816. 35o5. 1054. 1054. 602. 4365. 4.51. ion. I613. 2''1''. 559. 2408. 2430. 3698. 2752. ?623. 65. 65. 54. 366. 25». 452. ''16. 638. 774, 5^1. 1290. 7'4. 344. 344. 8f , 151. 258. 1011. 151. 108. 177, 387. 65. 172, 559, 955. 151. 43, 215. *3, 0. 0. 151. 43. 43. 129. 0. 27. 86. 43. ». 33. 33. 33. 1760, 1728. 782, 81. 16. (I. 244, 913. 1418, 49. 16, 0. 33. 0. 33. 0. 86. 86, ?^. 22. ?7. 215, 4"'5. C. 1161. 1161. 103?, 43. n. 0. 129. 86. 27. 65. 1. 27, 129. 258, 151, 108. 108, 129. I '7. 108. 0. 65. 0- 0. 108, 108. 27. 43. 43. 172. 0. 22. 86, 86. 0. 129. 43. 22. 22. 98. 130. 0. 196, 0. 347. 0. 33. 0. 91. 16. 33. 16. 16, 65. 0. 33. 22. 43, 43. 27. 86. 66, 43, 86. 27. 65. d. 8. 0. 0. 22. B6. 43. ■ cthe«s TOTAL codnt G»A«5 P UHT WT. 43. 0. 0. 1076, 711. 759. 0.58 0.36 0.20 0. 43. 77. 604. 774. 4581. 4,40 0.40 8,44 0. 0. 0. 10390. 6216. 9009. 8.29 3.42 2.78 0. 0. 3182. 5074. 6762. O.Tl 1.07 3,57 0, 0. 0, 3462. 4 372. 6794. 1,46 2.37 7.59 11. 6. 0. 4129. 2516. 1247, 1.26 0.66 0.30 0. 0. 0, 2473, 4408. 2236, 0,49 1.57 1. 00 0, 0. 0. 1312, 1570, 2193, 0,89 1.84 0,85 8. 0. 22. 130, 1076, Bib, 0.06 0.61 0.45 0. 0. 86. 618, 2494, 1033, 0.05 0.39 0.32 0. 0. 0. 1033. 216, 517. 0.74 0.05 0.03 0. 0. 22, 1527, 474. 1678, 0,45 0.08 0.4T 0, 0. 0, 571, 68b. 424, 0.10 0.14 0.10 0. 16. 0. 4354. 8101. 4400. 16,81 19.61 4, TO 0. 0. 0. 163. 782. 130. 0,09 0.37 0.08 0. 0. 0. 1776, 4091. 492Z. 1.57 3.87 7.15 0, 0. 0. 211. 294, 1,32 0.13 0,10 49, 0. 0. 538. 98, 653, 0.21 0.01 0.10 22. 22. !2. 410, 1614, 3011. 0.07 0.21 2.30 0. 0. 17?2. 5978. 4213. 1,26 1.21 -1,00 0. 0. 8. 6236, 7548. 1592, 4,14 3.73 0,77 22. 43. '7. 73S4, 6658. 6107, 4.53 6.06 12,52 8. 0. 151. 474, 323. 679, 0,35 0.16 0.65 43. 22. 0. 1355. 2237. 1720, 1.97 4,30 1.09 nf MACOOSfvTHoS SOUaPE metfb «SM rofx "IT. 0.37 0-25 O.ll 0.60 0.74 1.43 1.22 0.90 0.49 0.87 1.77 1.37 1.65 0.54 0.23 0.29 0.74 0.83 0.76 1.00 0.73 0.04 0.40 0.34 0.00 o.sn 0.24 0.16 0.03 0.01 0.34 O.06 0.34 0.09 0.12 0.09 5.TT S.OO 1.77 0,05 0.31 0.06 0.96 2.43 3.06 0.37 0.06 0.06 0.14 O.OD 0.09 0.04 0.19 0.69 0.95 0.9] -1,00 2.10 2.37 0,53 2.02 1.84 3.51 0.20 0.09 0.53 0.71 3.03 73 DATE DEPTH meteds TEHPEH«ruKE SUH, BOI SlaTION x-i SFD. Mjc^'OF'fNTBtc 0»GANIS"S' Nlc^F.""; PfP .SOUARE MFTfP TOTAL CODE AKPnlPnriA 01 f.OCHAETA SPMaEOITDAE CNlBONOMIniE OTHEHS CW'^^ "T. of „AC°OPEhTmoS opa-'S pes SQUaBE heter 0**f WT. ASM FPfE "T, 8/1T/64 36 SO. 3 6.0 9/20/64 37 -1,0 -1.0 10/16/64 34 15.3 -1.0 11/10/64 36 12. B -l.o 5/ 4/65 4J 3,3 3.7 6/ 4/65 32 12.6 6.5 7/ 2/65 34 17.3 6,8 7/13/65 35 20,8 5,o 8/13/65 32 20,1 8.0 9/18/65 36 18,9 B,? 10/13/65 32 13,4 13.4 11/ 5/6? 35 10,3 -1,0 3/27/66 35 2,0 2,1 4/29/66 33 5,7 5.\ 6/ 4/66 32 1».2 ».! 6/28/66 3? 21.8 6.2 8/30/66 33 21.7 .1,0 9/26/66 35 19.0 l8,4 J0/2A/66 35 13,7 7,5 11/ 9/66 33 11,1 10,0 4/19/67 3? -1,0 -1.0 S/22/67 35 10.0 5.5 6/12/67 35 15,1 -1.0 7/11/67 3'< 20.5 6.1 *0?6. 4h78, 749H. 464!i, 6716. 7^79, ''193. 3456, 29B3. 5H6B, "«?7. 10497. 104O1. 4059. 8574. 5968. 111*9. 9307. 86«;5, 4401 . 5493. 5575. 4645. 379a. 5656_ 5672; 731'. 56B9, 5706. 67«1. 6341. 4955. 368*. 5160. 6493, 7525. 8213, 7396, 25*^9. J6n3. 2^00, 455H, 5913, 4967, 9976. 10643. 11073. 15760, 8794, R72Q 43?2. 4nP5. 49?4. 12449. 4322. 10213, 8^36. 9?na. 7117. 6665, 7547, 7181. B3flS. 9K69. 73. 14513. 11395. S397, 6472. 70n9. 3010, 4257, 3849, 4?14. 4730. 5139. 4773. 3827. 2989, 6*72, 4-i80> 4666, 494»i, 3032. 28»I, 37?0, 3548. 6601. 7138, 49B8. 8063, 19092. 2*274. 17b?3. 15781, 6794. 6751, 17071. 16"35. 180B2, 11976, 6=1.6. 11073, 1*943. 14405. 12304. 10492, 8622. 10385. 59';6. 3698. 11159. 3333, 4666. 741B. 5HP1, 3763. 4'30. 15220, 10041. 5225. ?9P9, 4Ml6. 5??5. 6989, 4451. 8858. 3719. 4'<45. 36Pn, 6558. 13696. 550*. n IB. 8213, 9869, 6407 7351 . 7?S3. 8134. 23*7. 1921. 3423. 306*. 510?. 2787. 4238. 4205. 3227, 2184. 3731. 2597. 6379, 12241. 9650, 9761 , 4838, 862?, 2537. 346?. 4386, 9525. 7955. 11438, 5526. 5504. 4773, 5547, 7740. 6300. 6601, 698R. 69?3. 10406. 11976. 4171. 3376. 277*. 3376. 10105. 4085. 3311. 6450. 3913. 3118. 69PR. 4300, 7*18, 7869. 8665, 5139, 8579. 8127. 2322. 237. 3419. 6»Bo. 1720. 516. 2673. 369(>. 5375. 4343. 5096. 3913. 602O, 40«5. 16. 81 . 49. 16. 33. 49. 5'0. 228. 147. 98. 228, 130, 237. 108, 129, 151. 215. 43, 237. 344. 215, 0. 237. 86. 43. 65. 0. 104. 43. 22. 323. 2J7. 280. 387, 215. 215, 538. 645. 366. 194, 194. 151. ♦3. 194. ♦3. 22. 22. 0. 22' 0. 0. 43. 86. ♦3. 0. 43. 06. 22. 06. 22. 43. 0. 33. 16. 18S91, I5I76. 17066, 11.00 9.96 15.56 0. 0, 0. 12518. 12*85. 18484. 13.68 13.28 16.55 0. 0. 0. 15566, 24206, 19152, 14,14 16.97 15,70 0. 0. 16. 1978'), 19005, 17572. 15,96 14.35 14.92 16. 0. 0, 13283, 14278. 13e-i6, 11.14 9.64 8.96 0. 0. 33, 1750'. 23210. 20278, 23.27 16.69 26,19 0. 0. 22, 22683, 19652. 22017. 15.70 16.26 18.74 C, 0. 0, 9505. 12192. U976. 8.64 10.77 8,83 0, 0. 0. 35498, 27736. 31455, 27,56 28,69 25,04 0. 0, 0, 22297. 14148. 19996, 12.82 15.00 13.11 22. 0. 25791. 22662. 2054O. 21,33 23.54 17.76 0, 0. 0. 24253. 28725. 28209, 18.78 19.21 19.25 0. 0. 0. 19136. 22942. 15309. 14.11 12.78 13.75 0. 0. 0. 12750. 24296. 11719. 17.04 13.29 12.92 0. 0. 22060. 12342. 11224. 13.72 12.04 11.43 0. 0. *3. 17501. 12642. 17974, 17.95 14.66 -1,00 «. 0> 0. 39130. 38249. Z8617, 22.10 21. 7T 20,03 0. 0. 0. 36486. 31691. 37819, 18,71 14.54 17.52 0» 0. 30573. 31527. 30896, 15.77 17.60 16,15 0, 0. 0. 11610, 8643. 22081, 5,71 6.89 13.17 10». 22. 0, Z8I4Z, 23546. 10514, 16.^4 10.65 9.98 43. 0. 0. 12729. 12986, 19544, 9.98 14.45 17.58 0. 0. 0. 14642, 237B0, 13180. 10,60 13.07 U.42 0. 22. 0. 15415. 17030. 14706, 13.98 11.73 10,04 7.12 4.73 9.15 9.87 10.25 11.30 9.60 10.75 10.09 11.2(1 9.67 .9.92 6.76 5.67 5.28 II 25 94 9.65 9.20 10.38 11.54 5,58 6,82 5,68 18,71 18.86 15.69 8,27 9.40 S.45 13,10 15.12 10,44 11.35 11.69 11,78 6.52 6.(10 7.79 8.31 7.46 T.Ol »,2* T.B7 7.26 10.21 8,25 .1.00 13.92 13.92 12,40 10.05 7.76 9,12 3,29 3,98 7.33 7.J1 S.IO 4.72 4.79 7.54 9,66 6,09 7.60 6,91 8.06 6.82 S.75 74 DATE METEPS SUR, 801. Srr>. coue ■iTATinM »-3 MiC^nHFNTMTr f:^r.nN75-^s. NHvwpMS PfP soll^PE McrcP TOTal, AMPf^IPOca IJL K.OCHAETA SPtiAfP I IDiE CHtBUNOMIDac OTHEPS CO'INT WT, OF MACoOBF'ITWOS GPamS pep SOUaPc «eTeO Of^Y WT, ASH FPFF "^f. 8/18/64 7c H.5 4.0 9/20/6* 68 le.o .1.0 10/16/64 V) 15.3 .1.0 11/10/64 73 12. S .1.0 5/ 4/65 7) 2.1 2.5 6/ 4/65 66 9.6 4.5 7/ 2/65 67 16, « 4.3 7/16/65 67 20.8 4.4 S/13/65 66 1«,2 4.3 9/18/65 76 18,9 5,0 11/ S/6S 66 10.9 .1,0 3/27/66 69 2,3 2.4 4/29/66 65 3.6 3,6 6/28/66 68 21,5 4,6 6/30/66 A' 21,7 .1,0 9/26/66 68 19.0 5,5 10/26/66 67 13,6 5.0 11/ 9/66 78 11,0 6.0 4/19/67 68 3.5 3.6 5/18/67 55 -1.0 -1,0 5/23/67 67 4,8 3.9 6/12/67 68 14,2 -l.o 7/11/67 60 20.5 4.6 3M6. 3 3TA. 733, I'O?, 247P. ITO3. 3^02, 1 n2T, T33, 619, 3341 . 3195. 3945. 342, 766, 7h6, 2S92. 1239, 3048. 3130. 1353, 1663, 6363. 5216. 4026. 1157, 1255. 1565. 5265. 5151. 5509. 473. 1271, 326. 5397. 4451. 3"02. ton, 667. 409, 4666. 4322. 52»9. 2000. 3290. 31«2. 5461. 54P3. 22. 2903. 2516. in54. 4085, 50P6. 4945. 1742. 2193. 1957. 5053. 6622. 4623. 1892. 31 IB. 1656. 44?9. 3«06. 5010. 602, 53", 366. 3655. 4236. 3548. 64S. 10 75. 817, ♦902. 4193. 4257. 839, 624. 4515. 4278. 5031. 989, 1097. 2408. 2T31. 4T52. 4042. 86. 1290* 409, 511T. 4988. 5246. 1527. 1419. 903. 3462, 4408. 4279, mil , J570. 1118. 86. 86. 65. 1591 , l9l4. 3956. 108. 108. 22. 2043. 3182. 5676. 86. 43. 0. 3634. 23?'. 1935. 108. 43. 2193. 2279. 2043. 2086. IP". 106. 129. 1656. 1441. 1T20. 1011. 831 . 310. 179, 391. 359. 505, 1385, 1581. 1043, 1532, 1320. 1418, IT85. 1097. 2043. 925. 1097, 1398, 2086, 0, 817. 602. 796, 1183, 2301, 1376, 1355, 1376. 1054, 817. »39. 1355. 925. 1097. 1226, 1T20, 1259, 1312, U«0, 2043. 1355, 1699, 1871. 1849, 1376. 946. 1032. 1720. 774. 667. 172, 624, 796, 387, 1828, 1591. 0, 1849, 409. 1247. 0. 0. 2*1. 130. 114. 196. 147, 215, 258, 280, 1'2, 1'2. 430. 258, 280. 0, 43. 0, 323, 215. If2. 344, 129, 258, 237. 258, 151, 0. 0. 108, 0, 0. 22, 0' 0. 0. 0- 22, 0» 86, 129, 22. 65. 0. 0, 0. 22. 22. 0. 0, 65. 86. 33, 0. 0. 5493, 54?;, 4499, 4,77 3.57 3,52 0. 0. 0. 3815, 2705. 6991, 2,84 2.05 3.32 0. 0. 0. 4074. 4320. 5216, 3,14 3.04 3,95 0, 0, 0. 3847, 4466. 5217, 3,03 3.67 4,54 0, 0. 0. 8166, 6182, 6748, ♦.51 4,38 3.23 0. 0. 0, 7368. 7938, 7400, 5,04 4,88 5,82 22. 22. 0. 8430. 6495. 6624. 5,10 3.93 3,88 0. 0, 0. T59l, 8709, 9998, 5,92 6.59 6,48 0, 0. 0. 10020, 10366, lOOH, 5,59 5.70 0,99 0, 0. 0. 6644, 7934. 7698. 4,52 6.92 5;59 0, 0, 0. 8171, 12063, 7655, 4.53 5.79 4,80 0, 0, 0. 6709. 593s. 6602, 3.95 4,30 4,73 0, 0. 0, 5461, 6279, 597H, 5,05 5.98 4.65 0. 0. 0, 6902, 612». 6257, 8,23 5.94 6.20 ». 0. 0. 7224. 6644, 8858, S,67 5,26 6,80 0. 0. 0. 3956, 8084, 5805, 2,52 *.32 3.»S 0. 0. 0, 6364, 8278. 7998. S,08 6.05 5,28 0. 0. 0. 5354, 7353. 6364, 3,91 4.76 ♦.♦5 0. 0- 0. 1914, 3032. 6827, 0,71 1.35 1,60 0, 0, 0. 3054. 3979. 5935, 1,56 2.07 2,58 0, 0, 0, 4344, 3161, 2322, 2,11 1,40 0,93 0. 0, 0, 4237, 3699, 427V. 1.52 1.48 1,36 0. 0, 0, 3634, 2023. 3182. 1,82 1.19 1,49 4,05 2.90 2.99 2.:<2 1.77 2.95 2.66 2.89 3.25 2.56 3.13 3.35 3.43 3.3a 2.52 3.95 3.94 4.74 3.86 3.06 2.89 4,86 5^37 6.30 *.*7 4.46 0.41 3.57 5.02 ».37 3.40 4.17 3.17 3,04 3.20 3.71 3.86 4.52 7,04 4.94 S.I9 4,66 4,53 5,*' ».7» 3,33 2,62 ♦ ,62 4.75 4.23 3,1* 3. 60 3,62 0.75 0,78 1,02 1.32 1,62 1,35 0.89 O.ST 0.»^ 0.80 0.59 0.95 0.87 0.88 75 DATE DEPTH METEBS Temperature SUR. BOI, 8/17/6* 7? 20.5 •>/Z!49. 3010. 151, 452, 473, 3139, 3354. 3505, 237, 129 43 4042. 3806. 3569, 237 280 3*4 407. -1. -1. 147, 212. 179. -1. 212. 114. 293. 277. 0. 965. 7*6. -1. 831. 636. 800. 258. 237. 323. 409, 237. 108. 60?. 258. 237. 323. 215. 387. 6*5. 280. 258. 301. 344. 581, 409. 194, 108, 22. 903, 667, 839. 839, ♦3. 215> 172. 323. 495. 645. '31. 77*. 817. '10. *30» 310. *5?. 516. 6*5, 3*'. 624, 60?, 60?. 1161. 495. 473. 538, 387. 538. 79ft, 33. -1. -I. 400. 1*6. -1. 130. 212. 310. 86, 108. 22. 129, 65. 151. 172. 129. 151, 43, 0. Z2. 0. 22. 0. 0. 0. 194, 43. 22. 108, 22. 215. 86. 65. 172. 86* 172, 22. 0. 22, 0. 0' 0. 0. 0« 0. 0. 22. 22. 22. 43. 108, 65. 65, 23. 22. 108, 0, 43. 0, ;R ITHEHS TOTaL ; COUNT GH*MS P[ ORT KT, 0. -I. -1. 1728. -1. -1. 2,30 -1.00 -1.00 0. 0. 0. 3701. 27?2, 3732. 2.23 1.6* 2.15 -1. 0. 0. •1. 2641. 2282. • 1.00 l.*6 1.47 0. 0. 0. 3243. 2852. 1059. 1.28 1.54 0.57 0. 0. -1. 7590. 3967, -1. 3,85 2,55 -1,00 0. 0. 0. 4401. 4011. 5136. 3,43 2.60 3.73 0. 0. 0. 41 50.' 3162. 1464, 3.87 2.30 0,68 0, 0. 0, 48l7, 4517. 4173, 3.37 3.?6 2,67 0. 0. 0, 6279, 5311. 4602. 4,42 3.03 3.36 0. 0. 0, 5247, 4516. 5354, 2,95 2.63 3,29 22. 22. 0. 12170, 5419. 5355. 3,68 3.19 3.16 0. 0. 0. 4365. 4408. 4773. 3.02 2.46 2.80 0. 0. 0. 4645. 3656. 3871. 2.18 1.90 1.67 ». 0. 0. 3334, 2001. • 601, 1,81 3.25 0. 0. 0. 4903, 7591. S290, 3.91 4.75 3. 54 0. 0. 0. 3204, 5805. 5741, 2,35 4.04 3,56 0, 0. 0. 4150, 5526. 7353, 2.07 2.56 4,39 0. 0. 0. 4891, 61?». 6042, 2,04 3.05 2.T' 0. n. 0. 5676, 4537. 3858. 2,49 2.31 2.06 0. 0. 0. 2215. 5355. 47o9. 1.00 2.46 2.09 0. 0. 0. 5054. 483». 5505, 2.40 2.69 2,74 0. 0. 0. 4602. 4968. 4709. 2,38 2.65 2.25 0. 0. 0. 3893, 3978. 4194, 2.17 2.01 2,45 0. 0. 0, *666, ♦ 667. *709. 3.19 3.11 2,64 "T. OF MjcROBENThOS SOUjRe ►'eTeR ASH FREE "T. 1.95 -1.00 •l.on 1.97 1.45 1.86 • 1,00 1.25 1.27 1.01 1.17 0.38 3,18 2,15 -1,00 2. "5 2.02 3.10 3.18 1,89 0,45 2.«3 2.80 2.30 3.69 2.51 2.92 2.46 2*26 2,86 3.22 2.82 2.59 2.61 2.!1 2.45 1.65 1.51 1,34 1,46 2.51 2.52 3,37 4.13 2.95 2.02 3.35 2,99 1,64 2.15 3,69 1.60 2.51 2.23 1.94 1.89 1.73 0.72 1.87 1.52 1,86 2.?3 1.98 1.86 2.16 1.64 1.71 1.58 1,85 2,64 2.62 2,19 76 DEPTH DATE HgTEBS TEMPERATURE SEO. su». boi. code STATION 4-5 XT. OF HaCrOAENTMOs MACKOBENTHjc 08RANISMS NUHBE«S PER SQUARE METgR TOTAL GRAMS PER SOUjRg "ETeR AMPHIPOoA CtlOOcHAETA SPnAERIIUAE CHIRONnMlOAE OTHCRS cOU^T ORY "T. 4SH FREE «T. 9/20/6* 43 10/17/64 47 11/10/64 4? 5/ 4/65 44 6/ 4/65 43 6/3n/6S 41 T/)6/65 44 8/14/6S 43 9/16/65 40 10/14/65 41 11/ 5/65 42 4/26/66 3fl 6/ 6/66 40 6/28/66 40 8/30/66 43 9/27/66 4? 10/26/66 41 11/ 9/66 4? 4/19/67 43 5/18/67 36 S/24/67 42 6/13/67 42 7/11/67 4? 16.8 8.0 I 3 3 14.5 -1.0 12.5 -1.0 3.0 3.0 7,5 4.5 17.2 S.9 20.2 5.2 2 2 2 21,7 5,B 2 2 2 19.0 7,2 2 2 2 12,7 7.4 4 2 2 10.9 .1.0 4 3,9 4.0 4 14.9 5.1 1 I 1 22.0 5.3 3 3 3 22,4 .1.0 4 4 18,9 ia.6 1 1 2 13, S 7.5 1 1 1 8.8 6.3 4 4 3,5 3.6 2 1 3 .1.0 -1,0 I 1 1 5.8 5.3 * 13,5 5,5 1 2 3 19.2 6.4 1 1 1 636. 3912. 6m3. 6*38, 5B04, 6«38, 10O2. 701. 233). *6?3. 4969. -I. 35"6, 26«8. 13n4, 277*. 1312. 5010. 62P3. -1. 9030. 5461. 6235.' 393S, '611. 9246- 8213, 7181. 6493. 4343. 7B49. 5332. 8106. 64o7. 2VA7. 5203. 6Sse. 9611. 4666. 8I06, 9267. 7955. 14104. 83»5. 13674, 53". 839. 12019. 280- 473. 5934. 9697. 77a3. .1. 172. 4472. 3032. 1770. 882. 9568. 5*83. 69n2, 86. 43A6. 49n2. 65. 4<»5. 1978. 717. 1222, 1027. 1304. 1760. 179. 864, 1602. 1583. -1, 505. 685. 196. 1054. 1204. 1849, 1376. -1. 1828, 1*62. 2107. 1226, 2*9*, 3225. 23**, 163*. 2*9*. 11*0. 2279. 2924. 2066. 1032, 1**1. 105*. 645. 1720. 1183, ,376, II61. 120*. 1505. 1785. 9*6. 323. 925^ 191» 667. 839. 1376. 1376. 839, -1. 1269. 1355. 1613. 473. 1097. 4472. 409. 1484. 194. 581. 1376. 387. 688. 882, "I. 750. 1565. 570. 1011. 1076. 179, 65. 65, 728. 1256. •1. 1600. 1157. 962. 2150. 86. 2537. 1011. -1. 3247, 1011, 1570. 581, 1634, 1376. 15*8. 58] . 731. 22. 11*0. 1226. 120*. 1753, 1828, 1312. 62*. 1957. 163*. 3161. I87I. 2666. 1057, 1376. 1785, »95. 172, 43. »3. 473, 366. 839, -1. 86. 323. ♦3. 0. 108, 1140. 1011. 645. 0. 215. 1247. 0. 106. 108. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 65. 273. 309. -1. 163. 11*. 49. 237. 43. 108. 43. -1. l'»4. 0. 22. '5. 0. 0. 43. 0. 43. 22. 258. 237, 215. 151. 473. 366, 151. 151. 22. 172. 172. 215. 22. 0. ». 0. 0, 0. 0. 0. 43. 0. .). c 0. 43. 0. 22, 0. 22. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 798. 6177. 9600. 0.64 2.96 6.70 0. 0. 0. 8035. 8199. 9274. 6.39 6.69 6.93 0. 0., 16. 1352. 945. 334 1. 1.03 0.65 1.82 o.> 0„ -1. 7226. Biir. -1. 4.74 4.98 .1.00 o„ 0„ 11 .. 6754. 456*. 2S11, 3.69 3.45 1.76 0., 0., 0, 6215. 26*5. 950*. 2.97 1.84 6.56 0, 0, 7633. -1. 14299. 4,95 .1.00 *.33 0,, 22. 0, 7934. 9956. 58o7. 4.91 8.71 4,96 0, a. 13739. 13889, 12148. 6.85 7.64 7.85 22. 22. 22, 9418. 9783. 5549, 6.53 6.97 4,29 0. 0. 0. 11546. 9719. 11611. 5.30 5.67 8.21 0. 0. 0, 9353. 6709. 7935. 5.58 4.71 6,57 0, 0, 0. 7978. 13430. 7505. 5,76 8,48 6,96 0. 0, 0. 12814. 12470. 12040. .1,00 -1.00 .1,00 0, 0, 0. 17587. 11546, 16405. 10,84 7.69 11.65 0, 0. 0. 1183, 2258. 14104. 0,56 1.08 6,88 0. 0, 0, 1204. 989, 1355, 0.51 0.54 0.52 0. 0, 0, 7783, 11481, 9460. 4.17 7.06 5.31 -1, 22. 0, IS49; 6150. 4.79 0,60 3.35 0. 22. 0. 4731. 2215. 2087. 2,85 1,21 1.23 0. 0. 0. 15202. 6903. 9053. 6.11 4.09 5.17 0. 0. 0. 280. 5182. 7525. 0.14 3.82 3.81 0. 0. 0. 452. 1289. 2968. 0.26 0.99 2.35 0,47 2.41 5.54 5.33 S.37 5.6* 0.86 0.62 1.50 3,82 3.98 .1.00 3,17 2,72 1.32 ?.32 1,60 5,08 4.16 .1,00 3,40 4,10 6,75 *.)2 5.13 4.45 '■..30 5.59 5.33 3.90 4.47 4.76 6.63 S.0» 2.99 4.60 4,63 6.67 5.68 .1.00 8.54 6.54 8.82 0.39 0.83 6.15 0,37 0.43 0,42 3,56 6.05 4,39 ♦.14 0.48 2.66 2.26 1.06 0.85 5.06 3.32 3.84 O.U 3,14 2,82 0.23 0.89 2,06 77 oate DEPTH METERS TeHPeRjTURE SUR. 801, 9/20/6* 17 IB. 5 12. S 11/ 9/6* IS 12,5 -l.o 5/ 4/65 15 *.9 6.9 6/ 4/6S 18 11.3 9.8 7/ 1/65 18 17.5 11,9 7/16/65 J9 21.5 8,t e/l*/65 18 20.8 1*.7 9/18/65 19 IB. 3 11.? ♦/26/66 IT 6.6 S.5 6/ 6/66 18 15.0 7.0 6/2S/66 17 22.0 -1.0 9/27/66 18 18.0 -1.0 10/26/66 18 12.9 .1,0 11/ 9/66 16 10,3 .1,0 4/19/67 18 »,S 6,5 5/24/67 18 8,5 8,3 6/13/67 18 15,2 7.8 3 3 3 7/10/67 18 20,5 11.5 4 4 4 sed. CODE ST«TION i-b MiCHOBENTHIC ORoaNiSHS. NOMfiE"? Pt» SaUjRE ME^E" amphipooo olisuchaeta sphaeriiuae chihonohioae oThehs 11?5. l&OO. 18?6. 16. -I, .1. 91. 0, 0. 2H, 16A6. 130, 473. 7654, 2537, 68)6. 43. 22. 0. 323. 86. 14)9, 1032, 0. 667, 3139, 1312. 22, 79)2, 2322, 4795, 1570. 9402. 1462. 430. 2430. 4150. 4*94, e. 0, 22, 0. 0, 151. 0. 2129, 277, 16. 407. 16. -1. -I. 109, 728. 0, 81, 81, 81. 129. 151, 0. 2*51. 1505, IT802, 43. 86, 43. «. 280. 0, 280. 129, 108. 0. 43. 129. 86. 409. 43. 452. 3978, 538. 516. 5332, 1097, 1011. J44. 6*8. 258. 22. 301. 108. 753. 495. 619. 49. 228. 0. -1. -1. 36. 0. 0. 16, 570. 0. 22. 387. 65, 20*3. 688. 3913. 0. 22. 0. 22. 0. 409. 129, 43, 0. 0. 0. 0, 0, 0. 0. 72. 22. 151. 0, 22, 0. 0, 0. 22, »• 0. 22. 5096, 1011. 151. 323. 10105. 72n3. 3720, 0. •215. 1". 516, 129. 0» 0. 22. 0« 0. 16. (1. 49. 0. -1. -1. 18. 36. 0. 0. 49. 0. 22. 0, 0, 108, 43, 22. 22. 0. 0. 22. 0. 0. 22. 86. 22. 0. 0. 0. 0, 22, 65. 0. 65. 0. 22. 65. 22. 22. 0, 0. 43. 43. 43. 22. 65. 22. 65. 65, 22* 0, E" OThe»S TOTAL COUNT BHa«S pe ORY »T. 16. 0. 16. 2053. 1565. 2526. 7,56 1,49 4,76 33. -1. -1. 66. .1. -1. 0.17 •1,00 -1,00 0. 0. 0. 254. 764. 0. 0,33 0,39 0.00 0. 0. 16. 358. 2346. 227. 0.05 1.86 0,13 0. 0. 0. 6*6. 8192. 2602. 0,86 5,21 0,44 323. 172. 473. 11741. 2*51. 22232. .1.00 .1.00 -1,00 0. 0. 0. 65. 409, 151, -I. 00 • 1.00 -I. 00 0. 0. 0. 1506. 1334. 0. 0.68 0.36 0.00 0. 0. 0. 1378, 3*83. 1485. .1.00 -1.00 .1.00 0. 0. 0. 22. 7955, 2451, -I. 00 -1.00 .1,00 22. 22, 0. 4902, 2021, 958V, 0.36 0.47 1.14 0. 0. 0. 19)4, 4494. 29B9. 0.36 1,76 0,52 0. 0. 1. 3462. 9654. 5655. 0.B9 2,54 1,34 0. 0. 0. 1140. 387. 710. 1,00 1.29 0.39 «, 0. 280. 22. 366, 0.04 0.01 0.95 0. 0. 0. 302, 796. 2668, 0.11 0.11 2,13 0. 0. 0. 6602, 173. 926, .1.00 0.05 0,09 0. 0« 0. 10367. 77*1. 38*9, 3,07 0.91 0,29 »IT. OF WACROBEMTHOS SQUARE MeTe» ASM fPrr "IT. 0.87 0.36 0.84 0,07 -1.00 -1.00 0.14 0.28 e.oo 0.02 0.29 6,11 0,2'! 1.00 «.!» • 1.00 •J. 00 •1,00 •1.00 •1.00 •1.08 «,S2 O.St 0,00 .1.00 •I .00 -1,00 •1.00 •I. 00 •1,00 0.27 8.38 1.04 0.87 1.08 0.40 6,64 1,33 0.94 0.S9 o.»n «.2S 8,03 e.oo 0,12 0.10 0.09 0.50 •1.0 « 0*02 0.07 1,33 0>75 0.24 78 DEPTH TempeRjTURE DATE METERS SUR. BO ! . 8/17/64 20 19,5 17. S 9/2I/64 IS 18 11.5 lO/lS/64 1* 13,7 -1,0 5/ 3/65 IS 6,6 6,5 */ 3/65 25 12.1 6,1 7/ 2/65 27 16,9 7,3 Vl*/*? 20 20,1 8.3 8/13/65 19 .1,0 .1,0 9/19/65 20 18, B 11,0 10/13/65 18 13,3 -1,0 11/ */65 19 12,0 -1.0 3/29/66 23 1,8 -l,o */29/66 18 6,0 5,2 6/ */66 20 10.6 7,2 STATION B-1 WT. OF MiCROPfKTHOS NISHS. NUUHERS PER SQUjRE MpTER TOTjL GRAMS PER SQUaRF "ETE" AMPHIPOdA ULK'OCHAETA SPhAERIIDAE CHIPONOMIOAf OTHERS COUNT UR" "T. ASH FRpF "T. SFD. COF MaCneENl AWPHIPOUA ■Hic URp "LIGOCI- 4 4 4 13P4. 63?4. 142'35. iTll. 27H7. 3178. 4 4 4 49.19, 64';5. 7579. B199. 7645I 8150. 2 2 2 1?0. 65. 4?4. -1. -1. -1. 2 2 2 978, 21AS. 2119. 65, 094. 668 2 2 2 Boos. 7694. 79?2. 1271. 1011. 326. 2 2 2 6063. 6403. 7697, 387. 473. 495, 2 2 2 100''4. 8514. 12836. 7S9o, 7504, 6988. 2 2 2 8514. 9396. 6516. 108. 151. 280, 3 3 3 8A50, 109117. 10471. 11395. 5955, 10535, 2 2 2 111S9. 60»5. 6493. 688. 172l 237. 2 3 3 3913. 8944. 2623. 710. 7848. 10750, 3 3 3 7525. 8493. 8149. 237, 301. 3 3 3 2!?9. 215. 1376. 86. 346?, 65, 2 2 2 7052. 15738. 11739. Z2. 344. 65, ?29B. 1874. 1059. 2533, 1467. 1320. 0. 0- 0. 1679, 1760. 1337. 1043. 3814, 4678. 602. 2021. 688, 2301. 2193. 2838. 1247, 559. 8l7, 2365, 2365. 3053. 567, 215. 258, 1204, 3655. 1849. 2344. 2408, 174?, 215, 1075, 215. S59. 258, 0. 0. 130. 0' 49, C. 33. 33. 81. 81. 33. 49. 16. 129. 215. 86. I«4. 129. 151. 215. 0. 22. *3. »5. n. 22. 215. *5. *5. 43. 0. 65, 22. 0. 22. 86. 65. If'. 0. 33. 5329. 10985. 18695. 8,16 8.84 14.12 0. 49. 0. 15387. 15616. 17098. 24.62 22.84 16,66 0. 0. 0, -1. -1. 0.04 O.03 0,16 0. 0. 0. 1922. 2338. 4189. 5.U 12.36 8,30 0. 0. 0. 10432. 12568. 12942. 14.04 12.87 15.42 0. 0. 7181, 8986. 9053. 7,86 12,32 9.72 0. 22. 20l9o, 18319. 22899. 15.08 22.01 18,61 22. 43. *5. 10020. X0300. 7892, *,24 8.32 3.49 ♦3. 0. 22. 22253, 19330. 24124, 29,89 21I55 24.79 0. 0. 0. 12579. 6472. 6988. 15.55 A. 13 4,28 ?2. 43. 129. 6871. 20705. 15416, 7,85 30.54 21.87 65. 22. 22. 10171, 11203. 10214. 8,39 11.54 7.56 0. 0. 0. 2495, 4774. 1656, 2.35 13.38 1.36 0, 0< 0. 7483, 16727. 12127. 3.3* 6.13 3.62 3.68 6.60 7.33 7.14 5,24 0.04 0.02 0,13 1,39 2.61 2.34 11.90 10.11 11.71 6.80 8,30 6,45 7.33 8.60 8.61 2.64 3.74 2.23 9.09 8.?4 9.22 9.24 3.62 3.62 3.81 12.97 7.98 5.24 6.43 5,32 I.*9 4.5! 0.97 2.67 4. 92 2.78 DATE DEPTH TEMPERATURE METERS SUR. 801. STATION B-2 5E0. MjcRPbENTmtc OPrjNJSWS. NUiufRS per SOUjRe M|rTER TOTiU CODE AMPHIPODA OUIOOCHAETA SPHAERIIDAE CHIHOMOMInA|; OTHERS COUNT WT. OF M4CR08ENTH0S gRams per SQU4RE meTer DRV WT. ASH FRFE WT. 8/17/64 47 20.0 S.5 9/21/64 47 18.7 3.1 10/16/64 46 14.0 -1.0 S/ 3/65 45 3.1 3.5 6/ 3/65 53 JO, 9 ♦.O 7/ 2/65 So 16.7 4.6 7/14/65 46 l9.1 4.7 7416. 49A8. 4238. 4955. 8460. 6300. 6927. 7368. 4466. 5509. -1. 9144. 5764. 7857. ■69n2. 10277. 6730. 5182, 6300. 2107. -1. 1369. 1728. 2836. 1630. 1288. 2168, 2526, 2412. -1. 685. 662. 11'*. 1204, 387, 1484, 2731, 30S3. 559, 4515. 1410. 1271. 189]. 4825. 2943. 587, 1076. 2738, 3977. 3244. -1. 3211. 3488. 4434. 4300. 7740. 4623. 5289. 4472. 2731. 65. 33. 05. 0. 0> >». 16' 0. 326. 424. -1. 342. 522. 4*0. 108. 280. 409, 409, 366, 301, 0, 0. 0. 0, 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0, 0, 0, -1. 7888. 7269, 8574, 15121. 11003. 8281, 9307. 12274, 0. 11295, 0. 11589. -t. -1. 13382. 11426. 13905. 12514, 18684. 13246. 13611. 14191. 5698. 8.71 7.20 5.61 8.30 11.56 9.07 7.23 7.73 7,06 7.26 .1.00 8.79 6.02 9,24 8.67 13.32 9.18 10.81 11.96 4,03 6,72 5.58 6.02 8.44 6.52 6.?'! 7.26 5. OS 5.58 • 1.00 6.78 5.61 6.63 6,07 9.17 6.37 T.52 9.17 2.92 79 STATION S-? • DEPTH n»TE meteos 8/13/65 44 9/11/65 *T 10/11/65 '8 11/ 4/65 47 3/2'/66 54 4/29/66 46 6/ 4/66 46 WT. OF mSCORFnTHOS ETer E»PE««TURE UR, 801. SrO. CODE iMPnioODi ULIROCHJETA 5°l^A to I ! U4E PfR 'SQUARE Uf CMIROMOMIDAE TCP 0THEH5 TOTAL COUNT SHJ^S PER 0»r WT. SOUiOr M ASH FREE I'.a 4,3 5 5 5 6?P6. 6?35. 3440 3311 41'1 4300. 561?. 5160. 161. 65. 65, 0. If, 0, 12815, 15396. 15631, 12,30 13,93 13,99 8,B2 10.32 10.58 18. e t.o 5 5 S 56S5. 2193 41ZB 146?. 710. 409*=, 0, 0. 0. 0, 0. 0. 9fl?5, 4?5e. 13866. 11,62 3.49 11.44 9.23 2.50 B,44 13.9 T.O 5 5 5 5'JS6. 5547. 5741. 210T 2301 3139 3440. 20B6. 3397, 22. 0. 0. 0, 0. 22, U575, 11267. 12299. 9,94 9.51 9.77 6,68 4,93 '.13 12.0 12.0 6 6 6 5633. Brn«. 95??,. 3311 280 3806 3505, 4064. 49n?, 108, 43. 22. 0. 0. 22. 12557, 10171. 14270. 10,98 10.51 9. SI 7.82 7.09 6.53 1.9 1.7 5 5 5 52f,3. 3591 . 4515, 366 1'2 495 25'io. 2451 . 3225. 258, 237. 25R. 0, 0. 0. 8407. 6451. 8493, 4 59 3.39 4.19 3.03 2.15 2. '4 3.8 «.o 6 6 6 40'>5. 3612. 3548, 1355 1226 1183 5590, 2731. 3333. 753. 559. 473. 0. 0. 22. 117S3, 8l?S. 8559. 7.16 6.53 6.98 4,74 4.58 4,87 12,1 5.0 6 6 6 4601. 3Sr6. 3»n6. 2559 1548 1312 4343. 399g. 3999. 624, 8B2. 753, 0, 0. 0. 12127. 10235. 9870, 7,47 7.88 6.95 5.09 5.44 4,82 oaTe DEPTH METERS TEMPERATURE SUR. BOI. SEl). COt)E STATION B-3 MACXfRENTHIC ORGANISMS. NUMBERS PER SOUaRE "FTER TOTaL ampmipoda oligochaeta spmaepiidae chironomidaf others count WT. OF H4CR08ENTH0S 0R4'?8. 1»84. 15?7. 45? SSI 344 258 258 172 6flB 344 473 366 344 559 237 108 344 43. 215. 215. 10". 172, 65. lOP. 86, 194. 86. 215. *3. 86. 65. 43. 22. (1, 0, 172. 8(^• 151. 172, 215, 172, ME»S TOT«L COUNT GRAMS P pHV WT. 0. 0. 0. 28*0. 3376. 8085, 0,00 3.64 4,86 0. 0* 0. 2473. 3441. 246", 2.4* 3. 49 2.04 0. 0. 0. 2710. 2882. 2360. 2.17 3.05 2,74 0. 0. 0, 5484. 1828. 2409. 1.89 1.58 1.80 0. 0. 0. 2280. 1893. 2108, 2.83 2.54 2.88 OF HSCPORENThOS SCUaRf METER ASH FREE >'T, 2.51 3.06 4.32 2,!'' 3.1»3 1,82 1.91 2.79 2,*1 1.S9 1.31 1.46 7.55 2.25 2.56 DATE DEPTH HET-iRS tehperature SUR. BOT, 8/16/64 86 20,0 4.1 9/19/64 83 19.2 4.9 10/14/64 79 13,5 -1.0 11/ 8/64 84 11,5 .1,0 5/ 2/65 71 2.1 2.2 6/ 3/65 85 3,8 3.8 7/ 1/65 84 14,5 4,o 7/13/65 78 19,2 4,6 8/12/65 81 19,7 4.0 9/17/65 80 18,2 ♦.4 10/15/65 85 -1.0 -1,0 11/ 6/65 84 10. 1 -1.0 3/25/66 84 2.1 .2,4 4/30/66 84 3,9 3,9 6/ 7/66 89 12 9 3.0 SFO. CODE 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 6 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 STATION B-6 MaCHOBENTMTC ORGANISMS. NUMBERS PER SOUaRE HpTER AMPMiRooA Olisochaeta spmaeriioae chironohidae others 1711. ISOl. ll-ST, 2037. 3341. 2200. 1532, 1972. 929. 11=0. 1157. 2412. 2233, 3472. 34S6. 2387. 2838. 2322. 2666. 3182. 35?6. 3333. 4257. 3354. 3462. 3462, 3311, 35n6. 3677. 37?0, 3999. 4150. 2946. 2673, 3612. *6nl. 3741, 4300, 4103. 3548. 391. 147. 16, 212, 619. ?77. 489. 619. 391. 163. 489 733. 98. 65. 258. 602, 559, 367, B60. 925. 258, 516. 1527. 515. I '2. 10 97. 516, 538, 366, 237. 215. 129, 5«I , 151. 645. 516, 301, 258. 108. 196. lit. 98. 66. 293. 98. 0. 0. 147. 163. 33. 310. 81. 310. 277, 359. 342, 129, 108. 194. ZI5, 08. 172. 258, ?37, 129. 258. 258, 215. 323. ^6^. 129. 86. 65. 129. 108. 151. 194, 237. 457. 194. 151. 66. 81. 16. I>. 0. 16. 0. 1842, 179. !47. 293. B6, 12'. 43. 301, 215. 323, »5. 27. 65. 22. 22. 43. 0. 0. 0. 65. lOB. 151, 237, 194. 172, 258. 129. R TheRS TOTAL COUNT GRAMS P DRV WT. 0. 0. 0. 2379, 1858. 1271. 1.83 1.56 1.28 0. 0. 0. 2314, 4269. 2396, 2.26 3.36 2.01 0. 0. 0, 1760, 2249, 1565, 1,74 1.74 1.39 0, 0. 0. 1923, 1972, 1597. 1,51 1.75 1.42 0. 0. 0. S331, 2835. 3179, 4.30 2.36 2,36 0> 0. 3814, 4711. 4189, 2.84 3.25 3.54 0. 0. 0. 2667, 3333. 2667, 2,17 2.82 2.34 0. 0. 4322, 3548. 4064, 3.56 2.«1 2,71 0. 0. 0. 47oV. 4517. 47o9. 4,20 3.58 4.25 0. 0. 0. 4150. 5769. 4236, 3.17 4.89 3.58 0. 0. 0, 3878, 4968. 4344. 2.55 3.35 3.36 0, 0. 0. 4344, 4430. 4516, 3.32 3.93 3.29 0. 0, 3334. 3011. 4538. 1.93 1.41 2.30 0. 0. 0. 5226. 5032. 5182. 3.38 3.00 2,75 0, 0. 0. 5118, 4731. 3936, 3.10 3.06 2.32 «T. OF M4CR0BENTH0S SOUaPE heter ASH FREE WT, 1.63 1.37 1.14 2.02 2.96 1.79 1.63 1.76 1.38 1.24 3.20 7.05 1.96 2.44 2.75 Z.'l l.'O 2.40 2,03 2,36 2.36 2,32 3.82 3.05 3,93 2.84 4,10 3.114 2.73 2.87 3.03 3.08 3.04 3.05 1.55 1.13 1.87 2.92 ?.50 2.36 2,75 7.69 2.08 82 DATE DEPTH METERS TeMP£R(TURe SUR. BOT, seo. CODE STATION 8-7 MjCWOBtNTHrc ORRaNlSMS. NUMhE«S PeR SUUjRE WeTER AMPhlPOOA OLIROChAETA SPHAERIIUA£ CMIRONOMIOAE OTHFKS 8/16/64 45 19, B 5.2 9/19/64 43 18,3 6.4 10/15/64 44 8,9 .l.o 11/ 8/64 45 10, S .1.(1 5/ 2/6S 46 2,3 2,4 6/ 2/65 44 6,0 4,9 6/29/65 45 17,8 5,9 T/13/65 43 19,4 5,6 8/12/65 43 19.4 4,9 9/17/65 40 15,9 4,8 10/15/65 44 -1,0 -1.0 11/ 6/65 44 10,7 -1,0 3/25/66 46 1,8 1.8 4/30/66 37 4,0 4,1 6/ 7/6* 44 11,9 3,8 5249. ABQO. 4010. 44-^4. 6!>04, '613. 5003. 4335, 4776> 4319. 26?4. 4059. 3945- 3341. 4Z57. 28^0. 4773. 6965. 3b9]. 5676, 6966. 4945. 5762. 3483. 4171. 23B7. 9202. 8966. 9632. 65IS. 64P7. 6644. 46111. 6536. 3225. 4838. 6149. 5741. 46(11, 5403. 5590. 1092. 1320. 701. 2347, 1923! 1793, 1532! 2298, 2298. 1?65, 1630, 20M6, 2885 3423, 2967! 1597, 1505, 2lSo. lOll. 1699, 3913. 4408, 3462, 3419, 1806, 1570, 3053. 3225. 2516. 4537. 2129, 3763, 4300. 3333. )699, 1011, 1226, 8l7, isri. 946, 903, i 33. 0- 0. 277. 505> STO. 407. 212- 359, ♦3. 43- M, 43. 86. 65. 22, Z2. 129, 0. 0. 86, 65. 86. 65. 237. 151. 409. 344. 108. 409. 258. 409. 172. 280< 151, EH TOTAL CITMFKS COUNT ORAM'S Pi BRY "T. 0. 0. 0. 8282. 8394. 7139, 5.26 5.45 4,49 0. 0< 1. 10056, 779|. 10579, 6,44 5. "4 6.15 1*. 0, 0. 8101. 9324. 6194. 6.08 6,34 4.84 I*. 0, 1*. 11409. 8851 • 7514. 8,64 7.73 .1.00 0. 0* !6, 6976, 6S68' 8736, 5,08 3.50 4.31 0. 0' 0, 10366, 10889. 9665, 5,55 6.08 5,82 0. 0- 0. 7590. 559,, 8021, 6.10 3.84 5,53 0. 0, 0. 10751, 9310. 132*6. 6,79 5.24 5.34 0, 0, 0. 12536. 92B9. 10127, 10.11 7.81 7.53 0. 0. 0, 8450. 1032O. 70)0. 5.59 5.50 3,87 22, 0, 0. 13505. 16105. 13696, 10.48 9.81 9,63 0, 0. 0, 12450. 13309. 11934. 7.44 8,07 7,46 0, a. 0. 8967, 9138. 4882. '.31 5,08 3,84 9, <9. 0. 8I0T. 1I56B. 9977, 5.73 7.75 6.18 1). !)• 0, 8041. 9505. 9289. 6.07 5.89 6,47 WT. Of KACSOBENTHOS ' ' SQUiPf MeTeP ASH FREE >*T, 4.24 4.2" 3.51 4.75 4.45 4.84 4.72 3.95 6,l« 5.71 -1,00 2.57 2.43 3,07 4,20 4.30 *.1T 5,09 3-26 ♦.I? S.22 4.27 3.66 7,?7 6.04 5.87 3.98 3.38 2.62 7.06 7.69 7.64 5.59 5.97 5.52 4.32 3.88 3.02 ♦.2» 5.21 4.55 4 84 4,76 S,2Z STATION B-8 DEPTH Temperature sfo, mackcbenthjc orbanisms. numrjrs per square metep total METERS SUH, BOr, CODE AMPHIPOOA 0LIG0CH4ETA SPHAERIIBAE CHIRONOHInAE OTHERS COUNT WT, OF MACROSENTHOS OR»MS PER SOUaHE HeTeR OKT MT. ASH FREE "T. 8/16/64 11 -1,0 -1.0 9/19/64 18 17,0 .1.0 10/15/64 11 9,8 ,1.0 11/ 8/64 11 9,0 .1.0 5/ 2/65 11 7,2 6.1 »/ 2/65 11 8 6 8,6 3814, 6813. 5020. 4319. 489g. 39?B. 6422. 7645. 5330. 49, 1402. 375. 2380. 2918. 994. 65. 5933. -1. -1, 7824, 12812. 6357, 1728, 2054. 2494, 147, 1239. 1597. 2360, 896. 505, 13676, 7335. 4010. 1663, 896. 2298, 647| . 2885. 1614, 2347. 2119, 130. 229B. 1043. 831, 1842. 1076. 3635. 3341. 147, 33. 0. 33, 33, 98, 33. 0. 49, 98. »1. 81. 163, 212. 163. -1. •1. 147, 13317. 375; 24548, 326. 13529, 9797. 0, 0. 49, 49, 3', 141B, 911. 407. 12144. 9936. 33, 3S90, 1092. 6080. 147, 3260, 5705, 5754. 2641. 11214. 13756. 23,27 15,13 26,61 21,53 39.03 21.00 17,88 0,95 18.48 13,58 15.53 8.25 5,99 35,41 27.69 23.10 4,91 4.65 5,28 6.25 9.01 S,B4 8.91 7.76 0.37 5.62 4.51 3.00 2.71 2.28 10.32 7.79 ».C7 83 oate oepth METePS Temperature SUR, BOI. sed. CODE STATION B-1 MAC«nsENTHIC OHRjNiSHS. NU«HF«S PfR "SQUaPE HfTEB JMPMIPODA OLinOCHAETA SPMaE"! lU'E CHIPONOHIDAE OTheWS */?''/6S II 17.1 II. 7/)3/6S 13 IS.B 8.1 • 4 8/1Z/6S J3 lT.8 S.3 3 3 3 2 2 10/15/65 11 -l.O -1.0 11/ 6/65 10 JO. 6 -1.0 3/25/66 12 3.1 2.T 4/30/66 » 7.1 7,1 6/ 7/66 II 11. 8.0 3 3 3 3612. 20?1. BlTO. 2'*?4, 87?9. 65n4, 7Tf.2. 9740. 'l»l. 6B37. 75».e, 4i';o. 68^7. 72ni3. 6192. 3655. 551-4. Sb47. 301. ♦ O?. 194. l"!!. 172. -1. 2666. 7052. 2838. 6042. 6106. 6913. pnioi. 4644. 5"0'i. 15437, 6364, 13029. 14233. 6751, nB3. e77p. 11933. 5547. 8127. 13975. IS'S'S, 108. 7203. 968. 2946, 2107. -1. 2279. 6794. 5053, 5139. 4401". 4709. 1017(1. 541S. 5676, 8256. 7375, 4193, 3051. 659. 4279. 604?. 5117. 7805. 4267. 4322, 2?. 2043. 0. 3634, 5225. -1, 1032. 2129. 2365. 86. 0. 65. lOfl. 129. 65. 172. 151. 129. 0. 0. 0. 0. 22, 22. 22. 22. 43. 301. 65. 65. 65. •1. 0. 43. 12'. 103?. 151. 344. lOB. 516. 258. 237. 172. 323. 8K2. 280. 10", 43. 65. 538. 344. 280. 258, 22. 65. 0. 0. -1. 86. 0. IOTjL COUNT 15911, 12681. 19201. 41411, 19436. 17308, 28059, 24683. 30037, 26145, 17652. 6000, 19931, 25243, 17416, 19953, 24038. 24124. 474. 10452. 1292. 6796. 7569. 16104. 10385, »T. or M4CP0BENTH0S G«t"5 PER SOU4PE weTeP OP' XT, ASM F'EE "T. 25,95 15.57 16,44 105,40 20,93 21.27 46.11 55,55 75.33 59.92 29.14 7,34 37.27 33.55 44.62 45.08 32.4* 28.2* 0,45 9,80 1,45 16,5* 16.68 .1.00 10.7* 21.23 23,08 7.78 4.12 5. 37 26,19 5,25 *.84 13,20 17.51 24.56 15.34 8.63 3.17 12.22 11.68 11.68 9.48 9.16 9.83 0.26 3.70 0.82 3.74 3.2' -1.00 3.04 6.91 6.78 DEPTH Temperature DATE METERS SUR. BOI. Sed. CODE STATION C-1 WT. or HACROBENTHOS" MocPOSENTHlc ORc,ANlS"S, NUMBER? PER SUUaRE "fJz" TOT.L G»iXS PER SOUiRE HeTeR- JMPHIPODA OliGOchAETA SPmaEPIIUAE CHIRONOMItlAE OTHERS COUNT Cf WTi ASM FREE XT. 8/20/64 IT -1,0 -1.0 9/17/64 20 17,2 7,5 10/13/64 20 13,5 13,7 11/ 6/6* 2* 16,0 -1.0 5/ 1/65 20 ♦.O ♦.» 6/ 1/65 26 13,1 8.S 6/28/65 25 15.7 8,7 T/l*/65 26 17,5 «.6 8/10/65 26 17,2 7,1 9/ 7/65 21 17,8 -1.0 10/10/65 21 13,8 13,0 11/ 6/65 2* 11,7 10.7 8052. 5575. 9503. 9356, 8166. 2836. 1809. 1777. 11231. 9601. 2543. 6390- 7335. 3993. 6390. A-JIS. 5?68. 1656. 2150. I56n9. 16996. 22833. 59)3. 34fl3. 378*. 1183. IS78. I806. 5289. t*600, BHIS. 4601. 1161. 2473. -I. -1. 228. 4450. 619. 6716. 65. 65. 1*7. 5509. 4336. 750 1157. 717. 6064. 5232, 2»30. 2150. 796, 1634, 1634. 2580, 22, 86. *3, 151, 108, 172, 86. 237, 22. 258, 280, 619, 147, 473. 1467. 717. 2*1?. 179, 19*, 440, ♦ 04?, 247B. 163, 212. 391- *73, 3244. *010. 131?, 215. 258, 2580. 8l7. 15*?, 323. 43. 129. Z\5, 237. 516. 1183. 3634. 1720. 9fiO. 215. *2». 130. 326. 33. 33. 0. 0. 130. 9S. ". 33. 163. 261. 1«6. 17?. 86. 172. 387. 3»*. 430. 151. 86. 215. 0. 65. 129. 22. 65. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 33. •1. -1. 10563, 5,79 5.06 11.38 0, 98. 0. 1528V, 9633. 186*8, 15, 9T 7,60 14.13 0. 0. 0. 3080, 207o. 236*. 1.83 2.17 3,22 16. 16. 0. 20928. 16S?9. 3456, 16,55 12.31 2.60 0. 0. 0. 6862, 7.3* 6.79 8.26 0, 0. B. 5176, 15969. 13953, 6.19 12.72 15.19 »3. 0. 22. 9235, 2172. 3408. 17.83 3.03 10,39 0, 0. 0. 2021O, 18791. 273*1, 8,09 6,06 7.16 7i, 0. 22. 6*31. 3698. *193. 3.64 1.85 2,45 0. 0. 0. 1549, 2238. 2623, 1.25 3.60 3.04 22. 172. 172. 6602, 12708, 10729, 7.27 10.38 14.88 65. 22. 0. 5741. 1656. 2775. 4,41 9.54 1.82 ♦ .65 4.11 7.35 8,30 S.*l R,** l.AO 1.76 2.32 8,6* 7.72 5.3s 6, 48 5,*6 9.*8 7,28 ».12 2.*5 6,?3 ♦.72 5.1* 5. 05 2,97 1.59 2.10 2.15 2.16 3,9? 5.75 6.18 2.66 8.60 1.59 84 st'tion Ci DE^Th 3/21/46 23 4/2S/66 24 »/ 1/&4 21 t/27/66 25 8/29/66 2S »/26/66 25 Jl/ »/66 2S 3/27/67 20 */25/67 25 5/22/67 26 6/12/67 24 7/11/67 25 TEMPER4TOHE SUR. bO]. SFD. COOE dHPMIPOOA ULIGUCHAET* "S, NUMBERS SPmaEPIIUAE PER SQUARE MfT CHIRONOHIDAE |-P OTHERS TOTAL COUNT 6HAMS PER ORT WT. SQUARE HI aSh rUf-.K 1.* 1.4 2 2 2 16(15. 23^4. 37*,3. 22. 22. ■08. 108. loe, 154fl, 0. 0. 22. 0. 0. 0. 1635. 2774. 5441. 1.62 2.00 5.82 1.09 1.78 3.24 *.8 -1.0 2 -1 .1 23693. -1. -1. 15, -1. -1, 1118, -1. -1 . 129. -1. -I. 0. -1. -1. 25155. -1. -I. 9,50 -1.00 .1,00 7.94 -1.00 -1,60 6,8 4.4 2 2 Z 17?0. 6837. 5246. 43. 66. 2?. 17?. 43. 0. 0. 22. 0. 0. 0. 22. 1935. 6988. 6290, 3.77 10.35 5.93 3.30 9.37 5.52 21.0 4.S 4 4 4 10750, 12879. 13631. 194, 882, 3**. 86, 731. 250. 151. 151. 129. 0. 0. 22. 11180, 14642. 14384, 16.57 21.96 26.43 13.69 16.06 21.73 20, « 19.3 2 2 2 2*6:19. 17B45. 17695. 194. 194. 215. 129. 65. 817, 27. 151. 151. 0. 0. 0. 2'i9!<3. 18254. 18877. 17,73 19.82 15,23 14,10 18.66 13.19 17,0 15.7 4 4 4 16792. 15373. 17093, 495, 817, 1505, 796. 258. 323. 65. 194. 129. 0. 0. 0. 18)46. 16641. 19049. 12.37 16.56 18.17 10.62 14.62 16.32 10.6 10.5 2 2 2 3526, 11!>?4, 97P3. 366, 1118. 344. '3. 344. 3849. 0. 22. 22. 0. 0. 0. 3935. 13008. 13997, ♦.'0 12.78 J8.85 4.33 9. 18 10.65 1.2 1.3 4 80?0. 6945. 5526, 430. 323. 194, 1312. 1720. 968, 22. 0' 22. 22. 22. 22. '814. 9010. 6732, 8.26 6.29 3.77 4.55 4.!9 2.77 6.0 *•! 87m. 9976. 3655. 1*19, 323. loa. 2107, 323. 108. '5. 43. 0. 22. 0. 0. 12364, 10665. 3871. 12.42 8.66 4.07 7.13 7.19 2.80 8.1 8.1 9Hn2. 7031. 7504. 323. 194. 215. 344. 430. 323. 0. 0. 43. 0. 0. 0. 9869. 7655. 8085. 8. AS 7.33 8.71 7.84 6.3S 7.80 1*.8 8.1 7375, 2043. 14018. 144), 344, 301. 430. 624. 452. 65. 22. 258. 0. 0. 0. 9311, 303J. 15029. 7,45 M,91 10.42 5.66 9.18 9,51 20.2 7.4 7H48, 16104. 137n2. 366, 172. 387, 151. 65. 409. 65. 237. 172. 0. 0. 0. 8430. 16578. 14750. 7 76 9.05 16,53 7.40 8.31 11.48 STATION C-2 DEPTH TEMPERATURE DATE METERS SUR. BOl. 8/20/64 47 -1,0 -1.0 9/17/64 49 17,5 4.9 10/13/64 52 13.7 12.1 11/ 6/64 52 12.5 -1.0 4/29/65 45 3.4 3.4 6/ 1/65 S6 7,9 5.0 6/28/6"! 53 14.9 5.8 7/14/65 55 17.0 4.6 8/10/65 47 l7,i 4,» seo. CODE macroben' ahphipooa THIC OS 0LI80C 5 5 5 4894, 9014. 7596, -1, -1, 5102, 6 6 6 8867, 6178. 6683. 9552, 1418, 1728, 6 6 6 44X2, 9519. 4368. 2510, 10562. 1581 6 6 6 4662, 409). 3)78. 10122, 12062. 3961, 6 6 6 6308, 6699. 8020. 5526 5069, 4560 5 S 5 277, SHB). 6862. )96 3977. ]M4, 5 5 5 6644, 3354. 7095. 3419 7547, 2795, 6 6 6 15007, 11524. 13674. 129 86, 5375 6 6 6 7332. 8643. 10299, 13309, 5C31. 8557, NUMBERS PER SQUARE «ETE» 310. 2S10. 4026. »5. 33. "1. 4042, 1760. 1581. 18. 0' 0. 228. 1059. 489. 16. 0. 0. 1451. 2119. 685. 0. 0- 16. 3276, 2918. 3211. T99. 978. 1125. '5, 4238» 4776, 0. 375- 326. 4)93. 645. 3483, 3»7, 280. 409. 4386. 9030. 7310, 86. Sl6. 602. S4B3. 3290. 447?. 151. 237. 409. 0. 0. 0. ». 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0- ». 0. c «. «•■ 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. TOTAL COUNT -1. -1. 16805. 22477, 9356, 9992, 21140, 6438. "T. of macRoBEnThoS OR4HS PER SQUARE METER DRY HT. ASH FREE "T. 0, 16Z39. 0> 18272. 0. 7840. 23749, 16664. 16936, 538, 33871. 13578, 14643, 118?6. 13782, 19608. 21156. 26961. 26775. 17201. 23737. 9.18 9.27 11. OS 13,38 7.46 8.03 5.41 11.84 4.68 7.42 7.62 5.33 19,81 15.36 16,10 5.*» 8.66 11.46 9,26 7.09 n.29 5.79 7,20 8,36 17,77 17.59 22.06 7.95 7.45 8.07 9,08 5.07 6.12 4,24 8, 07 3.31 5.37 5.53 4,08 11.8* 10.46 11.86 4,09 6.49 7.86 6.78 5.38 8,68 4.28 3.65 5.24 12.14 13.20 16.30 85 DEPTH DATE METERS «/ 7/65 47 10/10/65 So 11/ 6/65 5? 3/21/66 54 4/25/66 5? 6/ 1/66 53 6/27/66 53 8/E9/66 S3 9/26/66 53 11/ 2/66 53 11/ 9/66 53 3/27/67 51 4/25/67 53 S/22/67 54 6/12/67 S4 7/11/67 54 Temperature sfo. suR. eot. code I', 8 -1,0 6 14,1 11,0 6 6 6 12.0 12.0 6 6 6 0.9 0.9 6 6 6 3.2 3,9 .1 7.8 4.1 6 6 6 18.9 4.5 6 6 20,8 4.7 6 6 6 16.0 6.7 6 6 13.3 6.0 6 6 10.2 10.0 6 6 6 -.1.0 0,9 5 5 5 3,5 3,3 6 6 6 6,7 4,7 6 12.5 4.9 6 ' 6 6 ST'TIOS C-2 MaCwrvHtNTHIc OPr,(l^lIS^^S, NUwkfRS per ^'lU/lRf "eTER SMPMIPOM OLir.UCHAETi SPHjePIIUlE CHIRONOMIOAf OTHERS 72113. 7«4fl, U*l7. 6(18';. ?79S. 4b37. 46fl7. 52i6, P494. 1570. 1763. 78?6. 79,2. 713fl. 8966, ?666, 1J47, 4bS0. 707*. 6977, 3032. 6371. 3032, -1 . 6471. 7ft07, -I , 6665. 1333. 6117, 60PO. 4V?4, 1376. 1446. 1183, 5440, 4343. Bb79. 1054, 1441. 2860. 7''12, il3f-4. 4/«i2. 3999 3849* 1828. «''?3, 9675. 83^5, 2602. 4021. 3075. 700«. 8192. 66X7, 7169. 6128, 7977, 89^1. 82S6. 9«ti5. 2086, 4343. 4558, 89nl , 7719. 7439. ,,997 5999. 13158 5440, 66(11 . 7031. 546l_ 7504 6267 7074, 7160. 7160. 144, 11718 9310 6149, 8665. 8636. B944 3139 3634 6il79, 7ini. 57R4, 2473, 197B 1505 4267. 4795, 4'73, 2'46. 33S4. 4257, 397n, 3935. 374, . -1. 3999, 5if'<9. W?0. 160S. 4709. 2795, 1333. 2860. 3397. 269P, 2451. 4214. 4601. 587(1, 2833, 49RR. 3010. 3669, 4B3B. 475?, 8020, 2731. 37n4, 3311. 4300. 7461 . 4279, 5354. 4537. .260?, 3397. 3333. 1648. 3333. 3'?Sf.. 2?. 0. 2?. 0. 0. 0. 65. 22. 430. 323. 516. -1. 999. 2021. 753. ei7. 538. 624. 151. 387. 22. 43. 22. 22. 22. 0. 27. 0. 0. 172. 86. 91)9. 7'4. 645. 268. 323. 430. 215. 602. 430. 194. 430. 430. 129, 161. R thers IOTal COUNT GRA"5 PE o«r ur. 22. 0. 0. 22921. 187?H. 138?s, 12.68 n.69 10.46 0. 9977. 6.93 0. 0. 9611. 11434. 7.47 9.34 43. 0. 0. 20856, 1457a, 12148, 10.75 8.57 7.42 0. 0. 0. 8451, 12»5>1, 13223, 6,11 9.R9 6,05 -1. 0. 0. -I. 20124. 16340, -1,0 5.70 6,53 0. 0. 0. 8966. 97n3. 11354. 6,64 8.73 7,56 0. 0. 0. 9912, 7267. 14706, 8,03 6.74 9.39 0. 0. 0, 15330. 14943. 9052, 6.68 8.65 6.28 0. 0. 0. 16760. 18318. 17329. '.66 10.66 9.47 0. 0. 0. 17078. 1930'. 17673. 6.73 6.98 T.35 0. 0. 0. 14642. 17609. 19350. 6.87 7.27 8.21 0. 0. 0. 29907. 28775. 26026. 9.60 9.40 8.95 0. 0. 1449?. 18778. 21179. 7.33 7.19 14.22 0. 0. 0. 13009. 24834. 21437. 6.35 8.81 B.B7 0. 0. 0. 178B9. 1S63I. 15933. 9,«S H.87 8.91 0. 0. 0. 10729. 12643. 11310, 5.77 6.46 5.46 Of MAC^OBEnTmoS SOUaRF -ETeR ASM FPpE KT, 9.02 8.37 7.70 4.68 5.71 T.16 7.57 6.74 5.43 6,65 5.50 -1.00 3.13 4.57 4,69 6.44 5.82 6.05 5.57 7.45 4.63 6.30 4.73 5.33 7,77 6.61 5,35 4,41 4.58 5.38 5.31 5.23 5.10 4.11 4.14 6.56 4.12 5.23 S.70 5.78 6.14 6.40 4.23 4.61 3.60 DATE STATION C-3 XT. OF HACROBENTHOS GRAMS PER SODaRE meter nppTH temperature sed. macropfntmic organisms, numbers per square meter total 6HAMS per square MEfER meters SUR. BOI. cnoE AMPMIPOOA OtiGOCHAETA SPMAEPIIUAE CHIRONOMIOAE OTHERS COUNT DRY VT . ASM FREE "T, S/20/64 77 16.9 9/17/64 T7 19.2 10/13/64 79 14.0 11/ 6/64 77 12.5 4/29/65 8? 2.0 6 3408. 799 63». 0. 0. 4876. 3 40 2 78 6 3765. 668 4B9. 49, 0. 497U 4.02 3.39 6 4303. 799 685. 65, 0. 5652. 4.18 3,62 9 5 2885. 1076 326. 0. 0. 4287. 5.30 3 n -1 5 -1 . -1 -1. -J, -1. -1. -1.00 -1.00 2412. 880 0. 0. 0. 3296. 3,43 2.93 .5 5 2772. Q94 654. 0, 0. 4270. 2 70 2.71 5 29nl • 913 538. 0. 0. 4352. 3 OS 2 56 5 2901, 1320 217. 0. 0. 4433. 3 ,72 3 20 5 2396. 310 407. 0. 0. 3113. 2 17 1 84 5 3195, 4B9 630. 0. 0. 4772. 2 98 2 45 5 4B';7, 538 375, 0. 0. 5770, 3 .71 3 • f .0 5 6''(il . 71/ 1011 , 228, 0. 765'. 4 .79 3 .43 5 4955. 407 619. 347, 0. 6323. 4 !52 3 .39 5 ^444. 375 1027. 65. 0. 69,1. 4 ,80 3 .53 86 DEPTH 0»TE METERS tt 1/6! 8) 6/28/6S T> T/)4/&S T9 8/n/»5 T» V T/65 T2 10/10/65 T9 :i/ 6/65 79 3/il/&6 81 */25/6» 80 6/ 1/46 80 6/?7/66 78 8/29/66 80 5/26/66 81 11/ «/66 79 3/28/67 »2 «/25/57 79 5/31 /6T 81 6/17/67 8l 7/16/67 8(1 TEHPERiTUHE SED. SUR. BOI. code 5,2 3.4 6 6 6 1*.7 5.0 .1 -1 16_7 3,9 5 5 16^3 4.4 6 6 6 17, B 4.8 6 6 13,6 4.4 6 11,6 S.B 5 l.S. X.6 6 6 3.0 3.0 6 6 6,5 3,6 6 6 18,8 5.4 5 5 19,9 3,3 5 5 14,0 4.4 5 S 10,1 6.7 6 6 1.2 1.7 » 6 2,4 2,4 * 6 6 4,6 4,1 6 6 6 12,0 4,4 5 5 17.0 4,s 5 5 STATION C-3 MjlCHOBENTMlc OafijNlSMS. HUMafHS PE" SOUaBE meTe" jMPrilPODA ULKjOcHjETA SPhaEPIIOaE CHIPONOmIOAF OTHERS 5b?6, »7?7. 4939, 424. 440. 570. 4»n8. 3741. 4193. 108, 688, ^31. »9t5. 6704. 8170. 43. 1419. 731. 3978^ 3763. 45H0. 495. 1140. 1828. 4236. Sb(i4, 27SJ. 452, 1871. 237. 2686, 3311. 20?1. 344, 237, 22. 4214. 4236. 3677, 172, 344, 237. 3802. 3501. 3247. 301. 473. 516, 6235, 48'i9. 30?3. 1591. 66, 43, 3*62. 3290. 3913, 65, 280. ''37, 35?6. 40^4. 2365. 108, 258. 215, 3956, 4666. 4B15. 538, 452, 516, 3978. 4838. 4343. 53", 45?. 516. 41(17. 4064. 4795. 516, 602. 538, 496T. 4494. 4300. 1376, 1*06, 2193, 2645, 538. 2989. 258, 356, 473 32O0. 495. 4128. 366, 323, 1376 3111. 3a?7. 4279. 602, 710, 667, 32(14. 2881. 3591. 237 237, 215, 787. 12??. 717, 1097, 538, 9?'!. '03, 1806. 1290. 6?4. 602. 731, 430. 731, 344. 517. 473. 710. 387, 538, 817, 366, 624. 516. 903, IIIB. 607, 344, 366, 301, 356. 674. 774, 860, 88], 850, 88?. lOli, '10. 559. 946, •17. 731. 1548, 753. 280. 516. ♦52. 65. 710. 734, 731. 1247, 409, 1505. 1317. 49. 98. 310. 108. 194. 194. ♦3. 0. 258. 129. 43. 65. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 215. 237. 172. 0. 387. ♦3. 108, 323. 258. 0. 387. 65. 65* 65, 65, 65- 65, 22. 0> 0. »2. Z2. 0. 65. 0« 12". 0. 0. 43, 22. 86. 22. »*. 27. 43, :R ITHERS TOTAL COUNT 6Ra"S PE 0R7 WT. <>• 0. I!. 6781. 64R7, 12996, 4.42 3.57 3,68 0. 0. 0. 67?1, 5161. 6043, 3.16 3.22 3.63 0. 0. *3. 5934, 10019. 1049?, 1.T5 2.50 3,09 ». II. 5140, 552 r. 7139. 3.95 4.16 S.76 0. II. 0. 5161. 8171. 3333, 3.18 4.79 2.6? 0. 0. II. 3549. 4021. 2753. 3,09 3.25 1.88 II. 0. 0. 4773, SUB. 4731, 2.68 3.37 3.46 '0. 1). 11. 4774, 49?5. 4451, 2.39 2.93 2.76 43. 86, 8729, 6493. 3827, 3.47 1.55 1,10 <> 7/14/65 98 TEMPERATURE SFO. SUR, BOr. cnoE 2.1 2.1 6 6 3.5 3.5 6 6 6 12. T 3.9 6 6 6 18,8 *,s b STATION C-4 Mac^fPtNTHIC OBRANISMS, M'»'Hf"S PER SQUJRE MfTER aMPHIPOOA ULK.OCHAtTA SPH4£;PII0AE CHIRONOMlDAf OTME«S 3'>t. b05. 8/11/6S 113 18.3 *.6 6 6 6 9/ T/65 93 18.8 *.5 5 5 5 10/10/65 89 1».0 *.5 6 6 6 11/ 6/65 99 tO.2 5.1 6 6 6 3/21/66 102 ».« 3.0 5 B 5 */25/66 100 3.1 3.5 6 6 6 6/ 1/66 102 7.1 3,6 5 5 5 6/27^66 102 17.0 2.* 5 5 5 8/29/66 100 20,2 3.3 5 5 5 9/28/66 98 17,0 3.S 5 5 11/ 9/66 96 9.3 ♦.» 5 5 5 3/28/67 108 1.9 3.0 5 5 S */25/6T 91 2.8 2.7 6 h 6 5/31/67 98 ♦.2 3.9 5 5 5 6/17/67 105 10.» ♦ .2 5 5 5 7/16/67 104 17.1 ♦ .3 5 16<)5. 1909. 7^3. 424. 27^, 4218, 3244. 1*3. 2*1, 212, 22S!>, 2117. U63. 108. l'?0. 4472. 4773. 86. 43! 3010. 243(1, 43110.- 3935, 301. 774. 1 = 1. ?64S. 21?9. 24B1, 53n, 215. 172. 1*13. ion> 1699. 0. 0. ♦3. 2'S38. 3118. 2602, 129. 172. 151. 30S3, 24n8, 2093. 3*6. 215. 65. 3*9-8 . 2795, ♦730, 129. 0. 8*. 1806. 2SS9. 23?2, 6*7. 258* 172. 1978. l»7l. 2774, 194. 151. 151. 1*34, 1B92. 17*3, 86. 301. 129. 2236, UK 495. 194. 2*88. 1915- 2451. 237. 645- 194. 1484. -1. 2344. 495, -1. 796, 2451. 3096. 2838. 581. 495, 495, 3053. 2*02. 2774, 538, 258, 323, 275?. 2344. 2494, 559, 516, 602, 1441. 21?9. 23S7. 8*, 172, 1*', 2^''. 359. 323. 5S1 . 409, '03. 903. 430. 10". 237. 387. 409, 3ft'«, 387. 550. 753. 445. ♦30. 452. 258. 559. 860. 45?. 215. 1376. 409. 237, 51*. 387. ♦95. 260, 6RR. 645, ♦30. 301. ♦ 73. 58,. 645. 79*. -1. 0. 645. 559. 946. 36*. 731. 301. 53». 409. 452. 581. 430. 753. 1*. 130. 10". 86, 22, 258. 43. 86. 215, ISl. 258, ♦3. 0- 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 22. 172. ♦ 3. 65. 129. 86. 1'2. 22. 86. 22. 22. 86. 108. 0. 0' 301. 0. 0. -!• 0. 2?. 2?. ♦ 3. 65. 129. 22. ♦ 3. 108. 129. 129. ♦3. "EWS TOTAL COUNT ohams rei UHY HT. 0. 0. 0. 6*1*. 2575. 283*. 2.23 l.*I 2.13 0. 0. 0. 428*. 4874. 3684. 2.37 2.82 2.82 0. 0. 0. 2797. 2982. 2194. 2.50 2.23 1.95 0. 0. 0. 2967. 54IM. 829'*, 1.08 1.89 0. 0. 0. 3054. 54*2. 7431. 2.31 3.89 2.52 0, 0. 0. 3*3b. 2710. 3010. 3.11 2.20 2,32 0. 0. 0. 2172. 1764. 2237. 1.53 0.62 1.65 0. 0. 0. 3397. 3742. 3033. 2.77 3.16 2.52 0. 0. 0. 7183. 35?*. 2625. 2.32 1.88 1.59 0. 0. 4730, 3096. 63*4. 0.90 0.99 1.66 0. 0. 0. 3033. 3112. 2753. 2.35 3-lS 1.9^ 0. 2709. 2.44 0. 0. 2494. 3526. 2.42 3.04 0. 0. 2000. 2881> 2537. 2.00 1.89 2.53 0. 0. 0. 2731, 3999. 34B3, 2.16 3.8* 3.43 0, 0» n. 35*9, 3161- 3290. 1.98 2.56 2.97 0. »i. 0. 2774, -1. 3140. 1.33 -I. 00 1.85 0. 0. 0. 3*99, 4172. ♦ 3?2. 2.27 2.60 1.81 0. 0. 0. ♦ 022. 3720. 3420. 2.^1 2.60 2.29 0. 0. 0. 3892. 3377. 3677. 3.50 1.86 3.10 0. 0. 0. 2130. 28*0. 3334, 1.38 2.12 2.49 ^T. tlF MACROBENThOS Souare meter ASM FREE >n. 1.70 1.19 1.68 2.02 2.37 2.45 2.06 1.75 1.51 0,62 lil8 ^♦7 1.99 3I7I 2.12 2.4" 1.67 1.89 1.20 0.30 1.32 2,35 2.71 2.19 t.*7 1.34 1.08 0.65 0.70 1.22 1.83 2.67 !.«♦ 2.05 2.06 2.63 1.58 1.20 2.06 1,73 3.09 2.75 1." 2.44 2.75 0.94 -1.00 I. AS 4.55 1.97 1.25 1.92 2.11 1.87 2.93 1.53 2.60 i.n 1.79 2.111 88 DEPTH TEMPgR/iTURE CaTe HgTERS SUR. BOj. 8/20/6* 153 18.7 4.o 10/13/6* !•>«• 13.5 4.0 5/ 1/65 156 2.1 Z,2 tf 1/65 ISS 3.3 3.1 6/2<>/6'i 158 8.8 4.5 7/14/65 157 J6.4 4.6 8/11/65 165 l',2 4.0 •>/ 7/65 14« I'.o 4.3 10/10/65 149 13,1 4.1 1)/ 6/65 155 lO.J 4.5 3/21/66 158 2.4 2.2 4/25/66 158 3.6 3,4 6/ 1/66 159 7.2 3.8 6/27/66 152 18.6 3.7 8/29/66 158 21.2 5.3 9/28/66 152 17,2 4,5 11/ 9/66 158 8,9 4,4 3/28/67 157 2,7 3,4 4/25/67 15? 2,8 2,8 5/31/67 162 3,8 3.7 6/J7/67 158 9,0 4.1 7/16/67 16] 16.2 4.1 STUTION c-5 WT, OF HACROPFWTHOS SEQ. MjcHPBfNTHTc 0»r.aMlSl'S. nUmufhs per 5QU4RE METER TOTaL 6R4HS P£R SQUiBf meTeR COOE AMRHIPOoa "LIGOCHAETa SfMAERIIUAE CHIPONflMloAF OTHERS C<"JNT UHY WT. ASH rPEE "T. 6 6 6 2t?0, 2*12. 1842. 1322, 33. 1043. 0. 701. 33, 33, 196, 16. 0. 0. 0. 4108. 3651, 2592. 2,42 2.37 l.'l 2,14 2.01 1,46 6 6 6 880, 750. 978. - 33. 33. 1. 49. n. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0, -I, -1. -1. 0.65 0.57 0.70 0,57 0.50 • I, tin 6 6 6 1157. 9*2. 636. 244, 49, 424. 49. 668, 0. 0. 33. 65. 0. 0. 0, 1450, 1468, 1369. 0,91 0.86 0.84 0,72 0,65 0,65 >1 • 1 .1 2722. 2119. 3276. 326. 0. 141R. 33. 1027. 33. 81, 0. 16. 0. 0, 0. 3129, 6699. 4352, 1.87 2,01 2.72 1,63 1.70 2,29 6 6 6 2117, 3053, 2064. 3»4. 43, 301. 22, 0. 86, 43, 65. 22. 0, 0. 0. 32*7, 34*1, 2172, 2,31 2.23 1.40 1,98 1,93 1.11 6 6 6 2193. 4ec9. 1376, 129, ia9, 129. et, 129, 172. 0. 43. 0. 0. 0. 0, 2*51, 5117. 1677. 0.90 1,38 0,55 0,68 1.11 0.411 6 6 6 320». 3655, 3354. 258. „, 753. 108. l7«2. 129. 129. 0. 22, 0, 0. 0, 3591. 4516. 5247. 3.03 3,29 3,89 2.59 2.84 3.32 6 6 A 2688, 2344. 2623. '25. 0. 946. 65, 602, 151, 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0, 1613. 3355. 3376. 3.56 2.86 2.92 3,03 2.29 2.43 6 6 6 1577. 21!'9. 1699. 65, 86, 108, 43. ?37, 22. 0. 0. 0, 0. 0. 0. 5054, 2280. 1958. 1.21 1,58 1.35 1,02 1.41 1.19 6 6 6 2193, 1871, 2365. 237, 86, 86. 0. 86, 0, 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 2516. 1957. 2451. 2.02 1.73 1,83 1.77 1.56 1.75 6 6 6 2215. 2193. 2107. 30 81 51f 108. 0. 0. 0. 43, 108, 0. 0. 0., 2624. 3053. 2731, 1.68 1.90 1,64 1.39 1.59 1.40 6 6 6 3870, 3956. 4257. 12^ 8f 381 215. 301, 129, 0. 43. 0. 86,, 0„ 4300. 4386. 4773. 1.30 0,86 1.66 0,97 0,60 1,17 6 6 6 1398. 2616. 2064. 15! 36f 25f 22. 65, 172, 22. 86, 65. 0. 1593. 3033. 2559, 1.22 2,14 2.49 1.05 1.85 2,06 6 6 6 1"06. 344. 2193. 12' 12'i 27. 108. 65. 0,. 0. 2129, 430. 2494, 1.69 0,28 2,11 1,43 C.73 1,82 6 6 6 1161. 968. 1591. 65 6S 581 172. 108. 0, 22. 0, 0. 0. 0. 1247, 1226. 2279, 0.95 0."I 1,20 0,80 0.6(1 0,97 6 6 6 I^IS, 18c6. 2172, 237 ?8n 151 86. 22. 0. 0. 0. 0. 8. 0. 1935, 2107. 2516. ».*2 1.73 1.73 1.22 1.47 ».♦♦ 6 6 6 1548, 1226. I1I8, 237 65 86 108. 86. 22. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 1892. 13376. 1226. 1.12 0.70 1.16 0,95 O'SS 1.00 6 6 6 1785, 1333. 1634, 796 45? 1054 0. 65. 65. 0. 43. 86, 0. 0. 0. 2581. 1893. 2839, 1.33 0.97 1.49 1.09 0.80 1.18 6 6 6 1935. 1333. 1763. 559 7lO 817 86. 215. 323, ♦3. 0. 43. 0. 0" 0. 2623. 2258. 2946. 1,94 1.57 1.51 1,44 1.18 1.21 6 6 6 1140, 1376. 1419, 129 1183 774 86, 65, 43. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 1355, 2624. 2236. 1.06 2.12 1.76 0,91 1,74 1.51 6 6 6 1161. 19)4, 731. 151 301 323 65. 86. 65. 22. 43. 0. 0. 0, 0. 1399. 2323. 1119. 1.26 8.25 0.67 1.12 2,01 0.58 6 6 6 946. 839. 1570. 323. 968. 1011. 1247. 1634. 1656. 0. 43. 43. 0. 0. 0. 2516. 3484, 4280, 1.53 1.31 1.82 1,34 1.17 1,64 89 DATE oeptm meteps TeMP£BiTUHE SUR, eoi. 8/20/'* 'S -1.0 »/Z?/6» '9 -l.O JO/13/6* 9n U,2 S/ 1/6S Sft 2,0 6/ 1/65 S3 *.8 e/Z'/tS 99 IS. 7 7/l*/6S 98 l9,o 8/11/65 »5 iB.a 9/ 7/6S 8? 20,0 10/10/65 98 13,5 11/ 6/6S 93 9,1 3/21/66 92 2,0 */25/66 98 3,0 6/ 1/6* 100 6,8 6/27/66 9» 21,0 8/20/66 100 21,9 9/28/66 100 17,6 10/25/66 ion 12,* 11/ 8/66 106 8,8 3/28/67 95 2,2 4/21/67 10() 2.2 5/2S/67 101 *,l 6/13/67 102 11.8 7/16/6T 10* 17.1 -1.0 -1.0 *.•> SfQ. CCOE STATIO^ C-6 MjcXOntNTHK; 03GAHISMS. NUMficKS PER "^OUiCE "E^EP AMPhlPOOA OLIOUCHAETA SPmAEOIIDAE CHIRONOHIpAE OTHERS *,6 3.9 *.3 .1.0 6.1 2.5 ♦,3 2.6 ♦ .6 5 5 ♦.7 5 5 2070. 2347, 2543, 3113. 2445. J 744. Zlf, 1842. 12S5. 1353. 2673. 24«.l. 3130. 21'*3. 23^5. 3440. 6278, 67fi8, 3612, 37P4, 3'<56. 3200. 5762, 67?0. 5268. 331 1. 23a7. 1548. 35?6. 36°8. 4150. 361?. 20»6. l'»57. 3*40. 4730. 3096. 2*51. 2000. 2301. 29*6. 23«7. 2279. 753. 501. 2817. 2V?4. 2537- 2516. 2*51 • 2537. 2537. 1957. 20B6. 2193. 2000. 206*. 2322. 2344. 2516. 1828, 27S2. 1978, 25O0. 2637. 2322. 619. 326. 522. "1. *73. 1*18. 391. 326. 733. 505, 33. 733. ?28. 619. 10*3. 19*. 86. 688. 258. 10'5. 559. 473. 237, 1097_ 7b3. 473. 43. 65. 65. 323. 559. 796, 34* 151. 301. »3. *3. 129. »3. 108. 194. 516. 409. 409, 1^2. 19*. 280. 237 77«. 602, 215. 796. 215. 2107. 1570. 796. 111". 139B. 1183. 624. 516. 1613. 301. 387. 129. 172. 129. 495. 65. 49. 196. 114. 163. 196. 196. 326. 147, 179. 212, 310. 473, 554. 668. 258. 17?. 215. 344. 387. 129. 215. 129. 129. 237. 17?. 215. 129. 151. 237. 23n. 301. 366. 430. 194. 387. 301. 473, 215. 280. 237. 301. 258. 215. 22, 86. 323. 194. 25". 323- ♦73. 430. 64?. 237. ♦52. 280. 366. 194. 108. 430. ♦3. 194. 237, 387. 301. 344, 53", 516. 323, 33. 16. 65. 33. 0> 0. 0- 16. 179. 98. 179. 147. 375. 375. 22. 0. 65. 129. 129. 129. 43' 12". 2?. 86. 0. ♦3. 0« 0. 0. 0. 0. 19*. 4). 86. 172. 215. 43. 65. 151. 0« 0. 22. 0. 65. 0- ♦ 3. 0. 0- 0. 0. 0- 0. 194. 65. 108. 22. 86. 0. 65. 172. ♦3. 108. 86. ♦ 3. 22. 43. p THERS TOTaL COUNT esjMS PEi OHV WT. 0. 0. 0, 3553. 2461. 3130. 3.65 2.56 2.65 0. 0. 0. 2771. 3749. 4059. 2.55 2.97 3.47 0. 0. 0. 2771, 2396. 3015. 2.61 2.05 2.35 0. 0. 0. 2705. 1598. 257b. 2,67 1.76 2.02 0, 0. 0. 3521. 4009. 5216. 2.96 3.36 5.19 0, 0. 0. 2667. 2623. 4*08. 2.22 2.43 4.4* 0. 0. 0. 7009. 8299. ♦ 429. 3.19 3.80 2.34 0. 0. 0. ♦860. 4687. 3785^ ♦.21 4.99 3,65 0, 0. 0. -TOlO, 7806. 5913. 4,69 6.46 ♦.84 22. 0. 0. 3634. 2581. 1764. 2.B8 1.97 1.43 0. 0. 0. 4086, 4537. 5247. 3.62 4,26 4.7* 0. 0. 0. 4516, 2710. 2538. 2.59 1.25 2.03 0. 0. ♦3, 40*2. 5289. 3784. 1.55 1.68 0. 0. 0. 2774. 2545. 2840. 2.56 2.35 3.13 0. Oi 3«06. 3054, 2903. 3.25 3.39 2.60 0, 0. 0. 969. 861. 3678. 0.84 0.51 3.21 0. 0> 0, 2709. 3398. 3462. 2.70 3-61 3,60 0« 0. 3398, 3634" 3591. 2,44 Z.98 3.29 0. 0« 0. 3**0, 389z. 2989, 2,70 2.85 2.61 0. 0. 0. 5290. 3872. 3356. 2.35 2.02 2.11 0. 0. 0. 3527. 3592. 3677. 2,55 3.01 3.18 0. 0. 0. 3054, 3118. 453". 2.96 2,84 3.57 0. 0, 0. 2559. 35*8. 253'. 2.45 4.15 2.86 0. 0. 0. 3333. 3204. 3183. 2.92 3.90 3.45 WT, OF WACRORFNTHOS SOUaRE METER ASH FREE in. 3.25 2,33 2.35 2,23 2,63 2.95 2.42 1.83 2.12 2.33 l.SO 1.57 2.56 Z.91 3.52 1.79 2.07 3.75 2.*6 2.80 1,80 3.61 4.39 3,22 2,23 5.62 4,0* 2,59 1.72 1.25 3.25 3.79 4.10 2,00 0.96 1.36 1.13 1.32 1,07 2.17 1.93 2.72 2.«* 2.99 2.29 0,72 0.43 2,67 8,29 3"1» 2,92 2,08 2.46 2,75 2,28 2.30 2.34 1.83 1.58 1.55 2.13 2.51 2,62 2.62 2.48 2.85 2.10 3.89 2.47 2. 49 S.»6 2.97 90 STATION C-T OE^'Th TehPeHjTURe DATE METERS SUH, BOI. 8/20/6* 55 20.0 5.0 V 2/6* 65 ir,I 6.0 10/14/6* To 10.6 .1.0 11/ 6/6* 54 ».o .1.0 5/ 2/65 55 1.9 l.o */ 2/65 52 6,9 4,5 «/29/6S 59 16.2 5.0 T/14/6S 53 20, » 4.9 8/11/65 So l',3 5.8 9/ T/65 49 18.0 4.8 10/10/65 S3 11,7 6,2 11/ 6/65 52 9.8 7.5 3/22/66 5? l.» 1.9 4/25/66 55 3,0 2,9 6/ 1/66 56 10,0 4.0 6/27/66 56 20,4 3,5 8/29/66 54 -1,0 -l.o 9/27/66 54 17,9 6.5 10/25/66 54 11.7 -l.o 11/ 8/66 55 8.0 5.9 3/2«/67 4o 1,8 2,0 4/21/67 54 2,2 2.? S/2S/67 56 4.8 -0.1 6/13/67 5<; 11.2 5.2 7/16/67 54 15.1 3.5 "T, OF MACBOBfNTHOS CODE AMPhlPOOA OtIGOCHAETA SPhAERIlOAE CHIROWHIOAE OTHERS COuSt uR? -T. ASH fIeE «t! 30 93. SHflA, 65*^3, 717 1?22 733 3501. 1SI6. 4414. 688 636 945 3>JT7. 45no. 5167. -1, -I. -1, 4417. 3667. 4466. 1467 1125. 1092. 336C. 44B2. 458(1. 1125. 782. 49n6. ■52no. 5249. 733, 929, 929, 3935. 3569. 3763. 559, 1054. 1333. 9245. 79P5. 9589. 1849. 18061 946. 4945. 5590. 6085. 1527. 1484. 409. 4644. 61?8. 5225. 1269. 882. 989. 3182. 5203. 3999. *3. 86, 194. 5999. 3870. 6106. 753. 753. 645. 3290. 2645. 5053. 473. 1226. 538, 10277. I057S. U7J». 172, 129. 12». 4300. 354S. 3935. 58). 215. 1656. 178S. 2322. 43. 65 1 278. 4644, 5160. 5139. 1527. 559. 1419, 6622. 4279. 7461. 1333. 9£V. 430. 4515. 7138. 5375. 710. 968. 1699. 5977, I634. 93)0. 1161. 151. 1828. 2967. 4902. 5182. 3333. 3505. 6493. 8471. 5698. 6343. 13'», 2387. 1183. 6386. 7998. 6837. 1118. 1097. 1441. 3440. 3268. 7762. I806. 1C37. 1247. 3H27. 4jno, 5181. 323. 968. 1011. 456. 864. 815. 53a. 81. 3'I. 130, 228. 21?. 685. 913. 613. 440. 668. 424. 2526, 2396, 1239. 4'3. 903. 624. 159). 145?. 1462, 495, 688. 882. 1613. 1462. 710, 495. 903. 538. 1226. 4.1. 409. 1226. 688. 531. 2150. 860. 3*46. 1290, 946. 1247. 65. 86> 258. 1441. 2236. 1462. 258. 989. 0. 581. 1247. 1548, 2064. 731. 2236. 1054. 2967. 2258. 1634. 1935, 958. 1634. 1806. 860, 1935, 559, 1441. 1247. 163*. 1656. 16. 0. 65, 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 16. 16. 33. 424. 310. 277. 163. 212. 261. 151. 0, 43. 12'. 172. 172. 0. 43. 86. 0. 0, 0. 237. 301. 22. 0. 43. 301. 22. 129. 129. 0. 0. 22. 0. 0' 0. 43' 0. 0. 0' 0. 43. 0» 22. 344. 366. 452. 172. 108, 108, 65. 258. 237, 215. 151, 0, 43. 43. 0, 0, 0. 5182. 7970. 8166. 3.81 5.27 5.12 0, 0. 0. 4747. 2233. 5770. 10.07 2.23 4.72 0, 0. 0, '1. -I. -1. 3.35 3.78 4.22 0, 0, 0, 6585, 5721. 5558. 4,75 3.80 4.84 0. 0. 0. 4841. 6585. 6063. 3,84 5.04 4,64 0. 0. 0. 8328. 8737. 767B, 6,18 6.27 5.44 0. 0. 0. 5118. 5526. 5763, 5.** 5.*7 5.13 ♦3. 43. 0. 12857, 11438, 12169. 7,47 7.26 6.03 0, 0, 0. 6967, 7805. 7462. 7.30 8.06 r.oi 0. 0. 0. 7526. 8472. 6924. .8.28 8.87 9.01 0. 0. 0. 3720. 6192. 4731. ».53 7.08 5.70 0. 0. 0. 7978. 4666. 7160. S.59 6.51 6,75 0. 0. 0, 5226. 4860. 6194, 2.« i.*7 3.73 «. 12599, 11610, 15»0». *.07 3.80 »,39 0, 0. 0. S827, 5704. 5576, B,3» S.S6 ♦ ,60 0. 0. 0. 1850. 1936. 2858, 2,03 1.90 3,01 0. ». 0> 7634. 7955. 8020. 6.39 6,36 5.79 0. 0, 0. 8213. 6300. 7891. 5.92 *.*9 8,63 0. 0. 0. 6806. 9353. 8622, *,89 7.*5 6.15 0. 0. 0. 9245, 2516. 13396, 5.99 1.27 9,36 22, 0. 0. 7720, 11740. 14385. 3.58 6.*> 5.95 0. 0. 22. 11653. 10128. 8674. S.S9 *.8* 4.87 0. 0. 0. 9203. 11159. 9375. 4.00 6.10 6.52 0. 0. 0. 7767. 5074. 10601. 5.46 ♦ .20 6.74 0. 0. 0. 5397, 6945. 7891. 4.68 4.81 6.21 3.37 4,51 4.57 8.44 2.00 4.33 3.01 3.40 3.96 3.00 4.02 3.11 4.32 *.16 4.97 5.04 4.43 4.75 4.41 ♦.»2 S.18 5.67 4.6* 6.*5 6.99 6.02 5.69 7.59 7.63 3.9! 6.27 *.a6 *.31 5.90 5.90 1.59 2.*3 2.63 4.45 3.77 1.90 1.71 2.72 5,42 5.21 4.92 5,24 3.87 4,14 6.18 4.92 4.53 0.92 T.53 2.36 3.90 4.00 4.36 3.64 3.91 3.09 4.98 5.51 4.21 3.54 -1.00 3.91 4.04 5.21 91 DATE DEPTH METERS TemPEBaTURE SUR. bOI. 8/1T/6* 30 I'. 7 5.3 9/17/64 30 1S.« -1.0 10/15/64 28 11,8 .1,0 11/ 8/64 30 10,7 .1,0 5/27/6B 36 6,5 6,3 6/23/65 3? 7,5 7.1 7/16/65 32 14,2 6,6 8/12/65 32 16,0 5.3 9/17/6S 3(1 14,1 7.3 10/14/65 30 Jl.l 7,1 11/ 9/65 30 9,0 8.9 4/ 4/66 30 1.9 1.9 4/29/66 31 3.5 3.S 6/ 4/66 30 6.8 5.0 srD. CODE STATION 0-1 MACWIPENTMIC OHBANISMS. NUXBE''S PER SQUARE "ETER AHPhlPOOA UUK-OCHAETA SPMAEPIIUAE CHIRONOMIQAF OTHERS 10204. 7e?4, 9178. B1B3. 11378. 42117. 6748. 7042. U9«5, 8200. 8411. 5118. SiHf.8, 7107, Bb^S, 46R7. 4193, 4300. 5203> 8672. 7461, 4773. 8966. 6644, 7074. 6644, 64S0, 7504. 6085. 70f!2, 6HflO. 6773. 7S2S, 6816. 7482. 2774. 59S6. 4816. 4580. SZ2S. *»1». 1565. l-iS?. 1826. -1. 782, I043I 570. 1141, 78i; 1418, 570, 1894. 1337, 1591, 839. 774. 1398. 1484. 1849, 7S3. 1634, 796. 1032. 2731. 1226. 1333. 1247. 559, 1720. 2107. 301. l720, 624. 796. 602. 194. 516. 688. 1032. 774, 880. 1826. 2233. 1141 . 831. 603. 925. 2119. 3787, 94S. 1239, 2771, 8867, 7987. 1204. 753. 178-;. 3913, 731. 4773. 150";. 989. 1161. 251^. 212"). 731. 2064. U8I, 139B. 2000. 1204. 667. 1548. 1333. 1720. 1118. 409. 860. 1247. 1075. 1720. 0, 81. 0. 0< ♦9. 0. 83. 81. 0. 86. 22. ♦3. 22. 2?. 0. 0. 22. 0. 0. 43. 65. 27. 65. 0. 43. 108. 43, 22. 0. 65. 0. ER OTHERS TOTAL COUNT GRahS P DRY WT. 16. 0, 0. 9926. 13643. 10546, 6.13 8.76 8.27 0, 0. 0. •1. -1. -'. 7,18 7.65 8,24 1*. 5688, 5,34 0. 8720. 9747, 6.33 5.77 I: 0. 13388, 6846. 11117, 9,00 S.t>7 7.62 0, 0. 0. 8459, 16662. 16512. 7.49 12.12 11.93 22. 0. 0. 11525. 6279. 6795, 6.88 6.70 6.94 0. 151- 0. 9611. 7504« 15266. T.*l 7.o9 9,59 0. 0. 0. 9762. 7418. 10945. 7.70 8.77 8.15 0. 22. 0. 10192. 11956. 8623. 7.84 8.S2 7,84 0. 8. 0. 9847, 9912. 8085. 7,45 9.13 5,68 0» 10837. 10213. 7806. 7,56 6.42 6.12 iz'. 10793. 8816. 10128, 3.50 3.50 9.47 0* ♦ 537. 6581. 6192. 3.10 3.22 3.80 0. 8, 6515. 7397. TOO*. 6.11 5.82 ».2« WT. OF MtCRORENTHOS SQUARE heTeR «SH FREE WT. 5.23 7.77 7.07 5.51 5.83 6.98 3.73 4.81 3.93 5,67 $>8S 6,33 5.?fl 6,71 6.34 5,74 5.39 4.91. S. 5. 6.46 .42 • 82 6.43 5.96 6.85 5.61 6.06 6.22 5.28 6.46 4.?6 4,96 4.93 5.11 2,49 2.28 2.80 2.14 2.56 2.75 4,78 ♦.51 4,04 DATE DEPTH METERS tempeR«tore SUR. eOT. Sfd. CODE STATION 0-2 MaCKOPENTHTc ORsaNiSWS. numbers per SOUaRe HeTeR AMPHipooA olioochaeta sphaeriiuae chironomioae others 8/17/64 87 18,9 3.9 3 9/17/64 87 17,9 3.5 10/15/64 96 11,7 4,2 11/ 8/64 92 10.8 4/27/65 82 1.6 5/27/65 126 3,0 6/23/65 107 5,8 4.4 5 5 S 1.6 4 -1 .1 ♦.0 6 6 6 ♦.0 llns. 1157. .1. 3032, 3814. 3619. 2608, 2657. 2135, 1876. 19F6, 19«6. -1. -1. 5232. 4091. 2870. in8. 4372. 3569. 228. 293. -I. 570. 1027. 945. 326. 228. 456, -1. -1, !'*. 473. 32". 1276. 753. 0. -1. 603. 505. 424. 310. 310. 196. 163. -1. -1. 293. 228. 228. 301 • 101. 0. 16. -1. 0. 0« 0. 0. 16. e. 0. 0. 0. 212. -1. -I. 3T 65. •3. 108. 86. -R JTHERS TOTAL COUNT ORaHS P DRY WT. 0. 0. -1. 1369, 1466. -1. 0.98 0.88 .0.01 0. 0. 0. 4205. 5346, 4988. 3.04 3.00 3.47 0. 0. 0. 3556. 30|6, 2445, 2.ST 2.09 1.35 0. 0. 0. 3047. 2348. 234 7, 1.66 1.44 1.18 16. -1. -1. 0. •1. -1. 2.00 -1.00 -1.00 0, 16. 0. 5704. 4841. 3439. 4,03 3.94 2,69 0. 0' 0. 2086, 59S7. 4516. 1.78 4.15 3.41 WT. OF KACROBENTHOS SOUaRe MeTeR *SH FREE WT. 0.87 0.79 .0.01 2.53 2.53 2,90 2,84 1.75 l.0» 1.35 1.23 1.01 1.67 -1.00 -i.go 3,33 303 2,25 0,95 3.42 2.89 92 DATE OEPTh hetebs TEMPERATURE SUR, sor. SFD. CODE STATION 0-2 "ACOPENTHIC ORGANISMS' NUMBERS PER ":OI)SR£ HFTER AMPwipOdj OlK.OchaETa SPMAERIIUAE CHlRONOMlDAE OTHERS T/1&/6S 105 I*.5 8/12/65 106 17.3 9/JT/65 10? I*. 9 lO/lA/65 100 11.6 11/ 9/65 SA 10. */ 4/66 9R 1,8 ♦/ie9/64 109 Z.9 6/ A/66 10* 4,5 4.0 *.* 1.9 2»60. 4ZIA. a-iTB. 34*0. 4795. 30S3. 48)6. 33S4. 51R?. 4193. 49?!. 3H70. 25P0. 4515. 37|?0. 2881. 37?0. 3b[i5. 40J1, 78(1 ?eo ?15 P39 2? 538 172 ?58 237 387 65 473 430 516 4C9 1484 916 1204, 495 B16 581 366 194! 172 258. 17?. 0. 538. 581. 473, 344. 387. 194. 538. 473. 45?. 667. 731. 323. 452. 45?. 344. 409. 108. 22, 0. 0. 43. 22. 0. 0. 22. (1. 0. 22. 344. 86, 65. JOB. 86. 129, 86. 151. 86. > fMERS TOTAL COUNT GRAMS P DRY WT. 0. 0. 0. 367 7. 3334. 7?3. 1.95 1.53 0.36 0. 0. 0. 5204, 4517. 425'i. 3,23 2.32 2.85 0. 0. 0, 4150, 5677, 37Pb. 2.32 3.88 2.65 0. 0. 0. 5547. 3806. 5871. 4.13 ?.6S 4.39 0. 0. 0. 1592. 5247. 6828. 1.47 4.57 4.81 0. 0. 0. 6150. 4?49, 6515. 3.63 Z.76 4.53 0. 0. 0. 4646, 4107. 40*3. 3.70 3.25 3,31 0. 0. 0. 4516, 4259. 4387. 3.86 4.36 4,25 mT, (IF y4CPo3EnTHoS SOUaPF METER ASM FRfE "T. 1.53 1.31 0,33 ?.77 1.87 ?.19 1.93 3.?9 2.?5 3.57 ?.?5 3.81 l.?2 3.91 4.07. 2,90 ?,I9 3.46 3.08 ?,6S ?,70 3.33 3.79 3.69 DEPTH METERS Temperature SUR. BOI. 8/18/64 17? 18,4 9/18/64 169 17,2 10/15/64 166 11.2 11/ 9/64 166 10,7 4/27/65 174 1,6 5/27/65 168 2,8 6/24/65 IT? 7.0 7/16/65 17? 16.0 8/12/65 16^ 17,9 9/20/65 174 14.7 10/14/65 171 10, 11/ 9/65 17? 7,9 3.7 -l.O -1.0 z.o 2.T SEO. CODE STATION D-J HACH08ENTHIC ORGANISMS. NUMBERS PER SQUARE HETER AMPMIPOOA ULIGOCHAETA SPMAERIIDAE CHIRONOHIOAE OTHERS 1265. 1190. 1206, 1679, llOS. 962, 1418. 2119, 88(1, 6P5. 22nO. 1777. 21"^?. 2j<,fi. 26P9, 151. 1505. 1613, 710, -I, -1. 1763, 1097, 1656. 1785, 1634, 1247, 1914. 1419. 2043. 1355. 14P4. 1H71 . 293. 196, "', -I. -I, -1. 16, 407. 130, 342. 505. 831 440. 240. 0. 473. 258. -1. • 1. 172. 495. 452. 430. ?58, 4058. 280. 366. 774. 194, 366. 0. 16. 0, 16. 16. 16. 0. 16. 65. 33. 0. 16. 33. »5. 0. 33. 0. 43. 43. 0. -1. -1. 108. ??. 2?. 65. 65. ?7. 8^. 77. 43. 43. 129. 0. 81, 0. 16, 33, 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 130. 16. 147. 16- 16. O. 0. 0. 0. -1. -I. 2?. 0. 2?. 0. 0. 2?. 0. 27. 0. 0. 0. 0. ER OTHERS TOTAL COUNT GRAMS P| DR7 KT. 0. 1548, 1,50 0. 0, 1483. 130. 1.48 0,08 0. •1. 1.14 0. 0, -1. -1. 1.86 1.20 ». 1011. 0.82 0. 0. 1450. 2591, 1.14 2.00 0, 1011, 0.80 0. 0, 1010> 1043. 0.66 1,00 0. 30?b, 1.82 0. 0, 2754, 28?0, 1.69 1,49 0. 2543, 1,79 33. 114. 2557. 2978, 1.83 2.16 0, 151, -1,00 0. 0. 2021. 1914, -I. 00 1.72 0. Tin. 0,62 -1. •1. -1. -1. -1.00 -1,00 0. 0. 2065, 161*. 2.4Z 2.03 0. 2152, 2.05 0. 2780, 2.08 0. 0. 1957, 5349, 1.93 2.53 0. 2260. 2.36 0. 0, IS79. 2882, 1.75 2.69 0, 0, 0. 1592. 1B93. 2022, 1,70 1.70 2.U •T. OF HACROBENTHOS SDUiRE METER ASM FREE WT, 1.35 1.31 0.07 1.05 1.69 I. II C.7< 1.01 1.79 0.71 0.60 0.87 1.48 1.41 1,19 1.49 1.57 1,83 -1.00 -1.00 1.46 0.54 -1.00 -1.00 2.16 1,51 1,80 1,84 1,74 2,19 2,07 1.57 2.37 1.46 1.44 1.85 93 d»te DEPTH METERS TEHPERjTURE sun, BO I, SED. COOE STATION 0-3 HAC^npENTHIc OHGiNIS"S, NUMHF«S PER SQUARE METER TOTAL AMPHIPODA OLIGOCHAETA SPHAERIIDAE CHIQONOHIOAF OTHEHS COUfT "f. o'' MACPoSEwThoS CH«MS PER SOUsPf METER OPT WT, ASM FREE KT, 4/ 5/66 174 4/29/66 175 6/ 4/66 174 1,3 *.0 3.S l'»35. 17?0. 17<.3. 17i2. 186 9.' 17B5. 1075. 1699, ?37. 151, 1"J4, 301. 172. 172, 22. 22. *3. 129. 22. 65. 0. 65. 22. 65, 43. ion. 65. 22. 43. 0. 0, 0. 0. 0. 22110, 19li. 206b. 2129, 2?'5H, 2022. 1055. 1206. 17S5. 1.43 1,58 1.48 1.25 1.39 1,22 0,67 1.14 1.62 1.22 1.3? 1.25 1,07 1.16 1.06 0,57 0.99 1.43 DEPTH METERS TEMPERATURE SUR, SOT. 8/18/64 141 18,4 3,6 9/18/64 125 17,9 4,4 JO/15/64 130 11,3 3.3 11/ 9/64 124 9.5 4,o »/27/65 141 1,7 .1.0 5/27/65 125 2.8 2.8 6/24/6S 136 8^5 4,7 7/16/65 132 J5.5 4,5 8/12/65 12n 17,7 3.9 «/20/65 131 IS.O 4.0 So/13/65 128 11.9 4. g U/ 7/65 129 7.9 4. J »/ 5/66 134 1.5 1.6 4/29/66 134 2.9 2.9 6/ 4/66 129 4.9 2.11 SEO. COOE STATION D-4 MaCPOHENTHTc ORGANISMS. NUMef.RS PER SQUARE MfTEP JMPMIPOOA OLIGOCHAETA SPHAERIIDAE CHIRONOMIDAE OTHERS 2233. 310. 2i';2, 36ft2, 35n6, 2494. 2738, 26?4. 2804, 10';9. 1369. 1646. 1826, 14«1. 2624. 1521. 3244. 2331, 1226, 24n8. 2)5. 2365, 6(17. 3118. 3440, 2924. 2838. 26?3. 2705, 24pa, 1312. 1570. 2731. 27'^2. 3053. 3511. 2344, WPS, 24C1, 2150. 5*1 8. 2516. 2516, 1312. 130. -1. -I. -1. -1. -1, 407. 22B, 652, 163, 98, 880. 913 81. J027. 456 0. 258, 624, )94, 925, 538. 5054, 0, 710. 0. 108. 22. 22. 22. 495, 151, 172. 151. 1441. 430, 43, 731 , 215, 215. 409, 0. 16, 49, 16, 16. 98. 81. 98. 196. 0, 0, 108. 0. 108, 22. 2?. 65. 65, ti. 151, 0. 22. 86. ♦3. ion. 15), 108. 387. 22. 33, 0, 33, 16, 0. 0. 0. 0. 0, 0. 0. 0. 98. »». 16, 16. 65. 0. 22. 22. 65, 0. 0, 22. 22. 0, 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 22. 22. 0, 258. 43. TEP OTHERS TOTaU COUNT gra'-s pi DR7 HT, 0, 2445. 1.58 0. 0. -1. • 1. 0.23 2.06 0. 0. 0. -1. -1. -1. 3,03 3.53 2,41 0, 0. 0. 3161. 2950. 3537. 2,96 2.34 2,90 0. 0. 0. 1271, 1467. 1728. 1,21 1.63 '.37 0. 0. 0. 2348, 2459. 3635, 1.52 1.32 1,92 0. 163. 1716, 4646. 2852. 1,88 2.62 1.63 0. 0. 0. 1635, 2538. 495, 1,95 2.29 0.29 0. 0. 0. 3162, 883, 4065. 2.04 0.69 2,99 0. 0. 0. 4065, 4065, 2860, 2.63 2.61 2.04 0. 0. 0. 3484, 2838. 2538, 2.21 2.07 1.82 0. 0. 0. 133*. 1614. 2839. 0.58 1.14 1,82 B. 0. 0, 335S. 3269. 3433. ».'l 2.32 2,84 0. 0. 0. 2538, 3356, 3054, 1,25 1.92 1.88 0, 0. 0, 2301, 6794, 2796, 1.15 1.36 1.90 0. 0. 0, 2796, 1872, 4'52, 2,«3 1.65 0.15 WT. OF MACROSE'ITHOS SQUARE METER ASH FREE «T. 1,47 0.19 1.83 2,73 3.22 i.it, 2.65 2.05 2,56 1,07 1.52 1,26 1,20 1.12 J, 64 1,58 2.22 1,42 1,76 1.99 0,26 1,69 -1,00 -1.00 2,30 2.23 1.80 1.72 1,88 1,65 0.51 0.98 1,61 2.1" 2.09 2,54 1,11 1.15 1,48 0.95 1.15 1.63 2,06 1.39 0.13 94 Beoth Temperature D»TE METERS SUR. 801. 8/18/64 117 19,7 3.6 «/18/6» 120 16,7 3,9 lO/M/6* 116 10,0 3.1) 11/ »/»♦ 111 9,3 ♦,! ♦/Z3/65 117 1,5 1,4 5/26/65 12B 2^5 2,5 6/24/65 131 13,5 5,8 »/15/65 127 17,0 4,3 8/11/65 128 19,4 4,5 9/13/65 125 18,2 3.7 10/ 6/65 125 12,1 4.6 11/ 7/65 121 7,9 4,3 4/ S/66 123 2.9 2,7 ♦/28/66 122 3,0 3.1 »/ 1/66 120 S,0 3,1 ST4TI0N D-5 _ . WT. OF MiCROBENTHOS NISHS. NUMBEMS PER SQUiRE MeTeR TOTaL ORaHS PER SOUaOE meTeR AMPhIpooa OLIGOchJETA SPMSERIIUAE CHIRONOMIOiE OTHERS COUNT DRY WT. ASH FREE "T, sfo. CODE ►■ACROPENTMIC OR AMPhIpOoa OlIGOci 6 6 6 34S6. 25?6. 3300. •) -1 -1. 5 5 5 2i<.e, 2473. 2»61. • 1 -I, -1, 4 4 4 22«2. 1SS5. 2461. 6S2, 49, 652, 5 S s 2347. tlDB* iT?a. 733, 375. 147_ 5 S 5 22*9. -1. -1. 7»2_ -1. -I. 6 6 6 1532. 2311. 2*94. 3»2, 147. 603. 6 6 6 3247. 674. 3»2T. 602. T3I. J333. 6 6 6 4I7I, 3913, 4P42. 452. 1570. TlO. 4 4 4 2bB0. 41S0.. 34S3. U2. 194. 280. 5 S s 404?. 4214. 4795. 108. 237. 43, 6 6 6 41K0. 29i;9. 35fi5. 0. 129. 258, 5 5 5 4644. 4816. 3612, 430, 366. 66. 5 5 5 40B5. 4042, 3612. 366, 473. 323. 5 S 5 Z967. 3096. 3*77. 43. loa. 516, 5 5 5 5031. 4214. 2179. 344, 151. 0. 16. 33. 0. 217. 49. 33. 163. 65. '5. 22», 9. 65, -1. -1, 0. 0' 212, 0. 0> 0. 151. 323. 258. 0. 43. »B, 43. 43. 108, 194, 237. 323. »S. 108. *5. 194. 65. 129. 101. *i. ♦3. 16. 0. 33. 0. 0. 16. 0. 0. 0. 0. 16. 0. -I. -I. 344, 151. ♦3„ 0. 33. ♦9. 0. 22. 108. 0. 0. 0. 22. 65. 86. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 65. 22. 0. 0. 65. 22. 151. 0. »5. ♦3. 22. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. -1. -1. -'. 2.T1 1.87 2,79 0. 0. 0, -1. -1. -I. I, 88 2.47 2.06 0. 0. 3097, 1679. 3178, 1.82 2.12 2,83 0.. 0. 3308, 149». 1940. 1.87 1.03 0,95 0, -1. 0, -I. -». 1,90 -1.00 .1,00 0. 0. 0. 1874, 2511. 3358, 0,80 -1.00 2,77 0. 0. 0. 3849, 1377, 526B, 2.1T 0.75 3.TI 0. 0. 0. 4774, 5806. 5010. 2,95 3.67 3.31 0. 0. ». 2774. 4452. 3913. 2.46 3.78 3.24 0. 0, 0, 4193, 4494, 4946, 3.43 2.91 2.74 0. 0. 0, 4344, 3355. 4151, 2.85 2.80 3.53 0. 0. 0. 5161, 5290. 3763. 3.46 3.57 2.81 0. 0. 0, 4710, 4602. 4215, 2.3t 2.74 2.36 0. 0. ». 3111, 335». ♦ 27.. 2.33 1.78 2.80 0. ST41, 4516. 2172, ♦.3» 3.58 1.89 2.38 1.66 2.37 1.61 2.12 I.T3 1.90 2.44 l.ST 0.»1 a.Bi 1.53 -l.no .1.01) 0.67 -1.(11 1,39 1.8S 0.65 2.98 2.52 3.08 2.87 2.18 3.32 2.»* 3.03 2.56 2.42 2.»8 2.43 3. IT 3.n 3.08 2.38 J. 97 2.78 1.94 1.92 1.49 2.40 3.64 3.10 1.62 DATE OERTh HETERS STATION D-6 TEKPeRaTURE SeD. MaC«OseNTHTc ORpANlSMSi NUMBERS PE" SOUjRe MeTeP SUR, BOr, CODE AMPMIPODA OLIGOCHAETA SPMAERIIOAE CHIRONOMIOAE OTHERS »T. or HACROBtXTHOS TOTAL ORamS Per SOUaRe MeIeR COUNT DRV KT. ASH FREF WT. 8/18/64 29 19,7 6.1 1 1 1 9/18/64 29 12,8 .l,o 4 10/14/64 37 »,« .1,0 5 5 5 11/9/64 30 7,9 .1.0 4 5/26/65 32 S,5 3,7 1 1 1 6/24/65 36 14,7 6.1 4 4857. 10074. 9079. 127*7. 1243T. 13268, 1S3?S. 14067. 10041. 13855. -1. 8769. 13**7. 6816. 5307. -1. -1. -1. 1239. 896. I"\ 1*18, 2733. 1271, 1663, 1630. -1. 1*8', 929. 270(1 1355. 1075. 13562. 1728. 5509. 1597, 7938. ♦531. 766, 2200. 1778, 1353, 1418. -I. 4205. 1793. 2709. 1032. 130. 49. 98, ♦9. 49. 98, 33. 33. ♦9, 212, 0. -1. 98* 130. 22" 108. C. 0. 0, 0. e. 0, 0. 18. 0. 163. 0. -I. -I. •:>• 11964, 21630. 18845, 1548S. 19820. 17115. 0, 13269, 0. 16903. "I. -I. 13935, 14164. 17668, 4365. 10902. T6U, 11.16 7.53 3,56 5,63 7.94 8,25 8,59 10.44 10,23 6,92 8.51 .1.00 3.75 7.91 S.IS 4.10 2.59 ♦ .57 4.64 5.83 6,91 T,8;> 7.7* 5.60 6.74 .1.00 »,9I1 7.81 7.12 2.76 6.27 6.66 95 STATION 0-6 Wt. of HACOBENtHO DATE DEPTH METEBS TEMPERATURE SUR, BOI. TOTAL GRawS per SIUaOE PE'ER «rn. MACHPflFNTMTr ORRANTSHS* NkJMHE^S PER SQUARE "FTER CME AmShipSoA OugOCHAETA SPhaEPIIUAE CHIPONOHIDAE OTHERS COUNT URV WT. ASH EPRE WT. 7/1S/6S 34 16,4 5.1 70P9, llons. .1. 2064, ?602. -1. 8/12/65 32 16.9 '.9 10019. 11696. 10S1A. 139S, 430. 1591, S/13/65 36 18.1 6.1 72X9. 5397. 32?S. 1U8. 237, 430. 10/ 6/45 31 8.9 6.0 2 Z 2 11696, 10965. 12»36. 1570. 1892, 559, 11/ 7/66 32 7.8 S.B 3 3 3 179S3. 7138. 15ZA7. 2881, 688, 1484 4/ 5/66 3* 3.1 3.2 4 4 4 20490. 13674. 129116. 2129 2021 3698 4/28/66 34 ♦.2 ♦ .2 2 2 2 11718. 13266. 1*921. 452 1269 516 */ 2/66 33 8.7 5.4 2 2 2 8837. 10*92. 11825. 108 237 559 1355, 1785. -1. 32*7, 10406. 66*4. 2279. 2150. 323. 1161. 1B7J. 3139. 3139. *9»S, 49BR, 10170. 5977. 2215, 2903. 3483. 1527. 389?, 258. 77*. 151. 0« -1. 86, 0. 151. 108. 43. 22. 0. 22. 22. 0. 108. 23. 323. 280. 194. 258, 238. 151, 22. 65. »3. 0, 0. -1. 10579. 15395. -1. 8.31 JO. 27 7.09 0. 0. 0. 14750. 2253 NUHBE«5 PE" SQU4RE WFTER AMRhlPODA OLIGOCHAETA S'hAERIIUAE CHIRONOHIOAF OTHEHS 55?6. • 1. 5477. -1 . 6616. *»p6, 66|B. 6210. 49?3. 1777. 4271, 5'<49. 57P6. ssos. 5612. 64R0. 2860. 975. 258. B6?2. 4021. 49B8. S612. 4071. 5741. 46ol. 52l>3. *5fl0, 4773. 4730. 2430. S4«3. 4B59, 3247. 5999. 5375. 5569, 1206. -1. 1157. -1. 605. 128a. 896. 860. 1190. U'O. 1125. 1320. 1337, 1141. 1467. 1677, 1333, 1806, 12', 581. 258, l-iOS, 2279. 1355, 1505, 581. 180», 1914. 688. 2043. 344. 903, 667, 12'0. 602. 667. 1011. 172. 391. -I. -1. 375. 196. 326. 65. 53P. 114. 81. 3*2. 570. 196. 310. 53S 194. »25. 237, 43. 22. 516. 301. 323. 323. 516, 430. 344. 237, 430, 409. 129, 172. 215. 129. 86. ISl. 129. 49. -1. 16. -I. 33. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 407. 4H9. 342. 43, 237. 129. *3. 22. 22. 22. 86. 237. 0. 22" 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 237. 452. 430. 516. 473. 344. :p ITHEHS TOTAL COUNT sra^s pi DRY WT. 0. -1. 0. 7172. • 1. 7449. 4.47 -1.00 5.17 -I. 0. 0. -I. 630». 8102. -1.00 5.38 5.26 0. 0. 0, 762«. 7563. 7938. 5.48 5.41 5.36 0. 0. 0. 6227, 2983. 5933. 5.02 3.34 4,76 0. 0. 6666. 7775. 7905. 5.01 6.41 5.58 0. 0. 0. 8o63. 7376. «310. 6,58 6.15 6,37 ». 0. 0. 3269, 1571. 560. 2,25 1.09 0,32 0. 0. ». 10662. 6687. 6903, 7,79 5.21 5.1T 0. 0. 0. 6106, 494'. 8123. 5,82 3.39 5,67 0. 0. 14122. 7461. 5505, ♦.11 5.96 ♦ .22 0. 0. 0. 7246, 5483. 3462, 5.70 3.20 2.94 0. 0. 0. 6559. 6816. 4408. 4,73 4.97 2.98 0. 0. 0. T328. 7016. 6214, 6.74 6.75 6.40 "T, nF ^ACPo5E^JTHoS - - - - SOUaRE heTer ASH FREE «T. 4,06 -1.00 4.56 -1.00 4.71 4.69 4.63 4.74 4.17 2.32 4,07 4.16 5.40 4.66 5.53 5.31 5.30 1,"2 0.82 0,76 «.?♦ 3.»9 ♦ .51 4.86 2.96 4.74 3.61 5.26 3.69 4,49 2.6» 2.28 3.95 4.06 2.52 5.96 5.66 5,76 97 DEPTH TEMPERATUFle DATE METERS SUB, BOl. 8/15/64 4* 10,3 4,c( 9/16/64 4? 14,2 .1,0 10/l?/64 44 16,1 .1.0 JJ/ 4/64 44 10,0 -1,0 4/20/6S «5 1.7 1.7 5/24^65 46 3.3 4.1 6/21/65 41 8.4 6,o 7/18/65 46 17,2 4.4 8/14/65 40 16.9 6.3 9/16/65 43 13.0 4.9 10/ 4/65 4o 12,9 5.3 11/ 9/65 47 8,0 6,9 ♦/ 7/66 48 2.2 2,4 4/30/66 39 3.3 3,6 6/ 3/66 42 6,5 5,7 6/29/66 42 16,8 14. o 8/31/66 40 20.7 9.3 10/ 2/66 41 n.S 10,4 10/24/66 42 12.6 12. 5 11/ 5/66 43 5.2 4,6 ♦ /iS/iT 4f> 2.8 »,;, 5/28/67 48 6,2 4.2 6/15/67 48 12,5 6,5 7/14/67 48 7.5 4,4 STATION E-1 "T, OF MacBOBFNTHOS SEO. HaC«Op£NTMIC OBRA^ISMS. NUhbF.HS per SUlijRE HpTER TOTAL GRAMS PER SQUjRE METER CODE AMPflPOOA ULlfiOCHAETA SPh»E»IlU4E CHIRONOMlDAg OTHERS COUNT ORT WT, ASH FREE "T. 3 3 3 U6f7. 97R0, 6B5, 1361, 207n, 2722. 1565. 49, 81. 65. 0, 0. 0, 14491, 15126, 13379, 13.47 12.70 12,41 11.60 10.74 10,71 4 4 4 U5?4. 94fl7, 131?4. .1, -1. .1 , 2005. 3227, 5U«, 1'. 0. 33, 0, 0. 0. -I. -1. 12.60 7,69 13.65 10,68 5.74 10.51 4 4 4 9112, 10311.7, 10562. 7bo, 1826, 1500, 3?00. 3879, 4466. 16. 33, 0. 0. 0, 13562. 16088. 16561. 9.87 13.40 12.15 7.61 10.57 9.50 4 4 4 7791. 9079. 9B78. 2706. 1 304, 1320, 2217. 2901. 440. 65, 4<). ♦9. 0. 0. 0. 12779. 1333.i. 11687. 11,43 10.47 10.61 8,94 8.30 9,45 4 4 4 3961, 44qo* S2S1, lOU, 864, 1728, 1418, 799. 1483, 147. 130. U4. 0. 0. 0. 6537. 6243. 8606, 2,98 2.67 3,12 1.92 1.89 2,03 3 3 3 4409^ 61fl2* 7465. 1744, 815, 1483, 3602, 4417. 3456. 489. 49^ 163. '3, 0. 0. 10367, 10383. 12567, 8,24 9,70 10,79 6,31 6,55 8.16 4 4 4 3SoS. 2967. 2129. 1699 1527. 1591. 1333. 753. 1849. 22, 0. 0. 0, 0. 0. 6559, 5247, 5569. 8.26 5.77 8.47 6,78 4.71 7,01 4 4 4 13416. 199(19. 1247. 1677. IT2, 1118, 1763, 5418, 0. 26. ♦3. 0. 129. 0. 7525. 17007. 25542. 2,88 9.29 6.02 ♦ .13 9.88 10.17 4 4 4 5074, 3268. 6450. 731. 1183. 1527. 4429, 387. 6063, 22. 43. 108. 0, 0. 0. 10256. 4881, 16148. 9.66 7.01 14.53 6.78 6.33 11.56 2 2 2 "12. 7375. 8256, 860. 2215. P74,, 3501, 4042, 237. 151. 65. 0, 0. 0, 12750. 13358, 12750, 10.55 10,87 9.71 8.59 8.84 7.75 2 2 2 63S6. 5332. 4752. 1054, 1183, 817. 2258, 2258, ♦73. 430. 430. 129, 0, 43. 22. 10129, 9246. 6193, 9,49 7.49 7.67 7.23 5,85 6.72 2 2 2 10019, 7482. 9632. 2107. 1548, 1140. 4042, 1806, 2494. 237. 108. 323. ♦3, 0. 0. 16448. 10944, 13589. 12,97 10.46 10.93 10.07 8.93 ».2* 2 2 2 92«B, 14255. 9718, 1441. 2838. 774. 3655, 2172. 151. 430, 559. 624, 22. 0. 0. 14836, 19824, 11267, 5.45 6.01 3.60 3.48 3,«0 2.91 3 3 3 10922, 9116, 69»,6, 55». 903, 430. 2236, 4644, 1677, 559, 3«7, 559. 0. 0. 14276, 15136, 9632, 2.61 3,07 1.70 1,94 1.68 1.25 3 3 3 6332. 9525. 4429, 516. «39. 129. 237, 2430. 839, 22. 237. »3. 0. 0. 0. 61(17, 13031. 5440. 4.87 7.79 5.78 ♦ .34 6.20 6.97 2 ?. 2 38n6. 4H38. 5403. 452. 538, 409. 430. 1140. 2043. J72, 65, 86, 0. 0, 0. 4B59, 6579. 8020. 4,59 5.56 5.76 4,02 4.82 *.59 3 3 3 7891. 4558. 7031. 1677. 1419, 2064. 3161, 359,, 4451. SOB, 258, 22. 0. 0. 0. 12836, 9826. 13567. 5.21 4.15 9,34 3.53 2.40 4.61 3 3 3 3634, 69A6. 6053. 839. 1376. 1742. ISTo, 5074, 1742, 22, 194, 65. 0. 0. 0. 6063. 13610. 8600. 3.32 8.38 ».*1 2.35 6,02 5,31 3 3 3 5311, 661)1. 6128. 1849. 1591. 2129. 1763. 3010. 3010. 63. 0. 215. 0, 0, 0. 8987. 11202, 11481, 4,80 6,74 5,05 3,40 4.69 3.50 4 4 4 6644. 4500. 6300, 1354, 1677. 2387. 4214, 1828. 2387, 1T2. 129. 86. 0, 0. 0. 12384. 8213. .11159. 5.86 4.41 6.26 ♦ .07 3.24 4.96 4 4 4 2»74, 2516, 3139. IM7. 1374. 1505. lS7o. 2731. 602, »I5, 323. ISl. «. 0. 0. S»5», 6946, 5397, 2. '2 J,T« 3,45 1,7» 2.03 2.23 4 4 4 4214. S891. 3440. 1914. 1570. 1871. 3075. 2279. 3247, 194, 43. 108, 0. 0. 0. 9397. 9783. 8666. i,07 5.11 5.71 3.56 3.68 3.13 4 4 4 3H27, 2946. 3569, 860. 602, 139fl. 1140. B39, 22. 43. ♦3. 0. 0. n. 6774. 49«i(. 5053, 4.63 3.65 3.92 3,64 2.97 3,40 4 4 4 5B4P. 3935. 4365. lOll, 11*1. 1591. 1806. 1441. 1505. 22. 22. 22, 0, 0. 0. 8687. 6559, 7483. 4,00 2,93 3,97 3,19 2,13 3.01 98 oaTe DEPTH HETESS TE*"PEI»aTURE SUR, bOI. 8/15/6* 191' 15,8 3,e »/lO/6» 197 15.8 3,7 10/12/64 196 11,6 4,5 11/ 7/6* 196 9,8 4,0 4/20/65 l7o 1_5 2,2 5/24/65 201 3,1 3,4 6/21/65 200 8.9 4.5 7/18/65 203 15.1 4.4 8/14/65 189 16.3 4.5 9/16/65 2(1? 14.9 4.1 10/ 4/65 201 13,0 3.7 11/ 9/65 201 7.2 3.4 4/30/66 201 2,9 2,9 6/ 3/66 201 4.9 3.2 6/29/66 201 12.8 Z.6 8/31/66 205 20,4 5.o 10/ 2/66 209 11.2 4.5 10/24/66 2o9 10,7 4.3 11/ 6/66 207 7,2 3,9 4/23/67 203 2,2 2,6 5/28/67 207 3,2 3,3 6/15/67 204 6,0 3.6 7/14/67 203 JO. 8 4.0 SFO. CODE ST4TI0N E-2 M/lC"OflfNTMIC 0»SiNISMS» NUUBF-RS PER SQUiRE MFTeR AMPniPOlll ULir-ycHAETA SPMaEPIIDAE CHIPONOMInAE OTHERS »03. 619. '73. -1 -1 -1 2347, 2306. 1516. 701 733, 570, 1597, 1891. 2103. 130, 3*;', 310, 1059, 14(>», 1646, 293, fl3*» 359, 40?2, 43f.8. -1. 764^ 62/b; .1, 1174. 587. /66, 65, *9, 65, 430. 1312. 1570, 301. 409. 817, T31. 2^8. 23*5, 0, 0. 86. 753, 1312. 1*41. 194. 22. 43, 1333. 12rt4. 1634. 172, 151. 2451. 21(\7. 1398. 215. 3*4. 452, 6n2. 2673. 2576. 194. 30). 301. 2795. • 1. 258. 301. -1. 86. 1570. 581. 1118. 86. 22. 119. 3C1. 430. 774. 1*1. 172. 129. 1548. 15?7. 23?2. 796. 323. 1634. 1677. 2086. 1097, .129. 6*5, 409. 1548, 1914. 1849. 387 409. 366. 1333. 1699. 1075. 430. 473. 516. 1312. 1591. 1957. ?15. 839. 2021. 18*9. 2150. 581. 1699, 969. 1828. 2172. 1892, 989. 538. 11*0. 1032. 882. 9*6. 86. 86. 108. 0. 33. 164. 364. -1. ♦9. 33. 1*. «. 22. 301, 215. 0. 129. 22. 65. 65. 65. 22. ♦3. 172. 301. 22. ♦3. 86. 43. 86. -1. 0. 65. 65. 43. 108. 108. 151. 237. 258. 323. 0. 151. 65. 323. 194. 108. 86. 215. 10". 65. 86. 65. 0. 22. 0. 43, 129. 108. 237, 43. 108. 0. 0. 0. 0. 33. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. »1. 109. -1. 33. 16. 0. 22. 2?. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 43. 22. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. Oi 0. 86. -1. 0. 0. 22. 22. «. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0, 0. 0. 0. 22. 22. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 22. 22, 22. 43. 43. 0. 22. 0. 'ER TOTAL OTHERS COUNT 6R*«S P| URY «T. 0. 0. 0. -1. -1. -1. 0.43 0.34 0.26 0. 0. 0. 3048. 316Z. 2119. 2.06 2.38 1,38 0, 0. 0. 1T2'. 2213. 2413. 1.50 1.36 1.82 0. 0. 0. 1*17, 1956. 2021. 0,86 0.86 1.12 0. 0. -1. 5041. 13399. -1. 2.85 4.58 .1.00 0. 0. 0. 1321. 685. 847, 0.63 0.33 0,51 0. 0. 0. 753. 1765. 2688. 0.54 0.97 1.36 0. 0. 0. 946, 258, 2580. 0.57 1.12 1.13 0. 0. 0. 969, 1399. 1549. 0.51 1.06 l.U 0. 0. 0. 1613. 1*05. 1742. l.l* 1.22 1.48 0. 0. 0. 2838, 2752. 1872. 2.05 1.94 1.00 0. 0. 0. 839. 3010. 2860. 0.49 1.93 2.17 0. -1. 0. 3268. -I. 344. 0.93 -1. 00 0.06 0. 0. «. X721. 690. 13(12. 0.98 0.35 0.86 0. «• 0. 559, 710. 1054. 0.31 0.32 0.99 0. 0. 0. 2560. 2107. 4279. 1.43 1.44 1.82 0. 0. 0. 1806. 2881. 1570, 1.2' 2.89 1.04 0. 0. 0. 2258, 26)6, 2279. l.«2 1.57 1.78 0. 0. 0. 1871. 2387. 1699, 0.98 1.25 1.01 0. 0. 1592, 2516. 2796, 0.75 0.97 1.38 0. 0. 0. 2602. 359H. 3161. 0.78 1.05 1.21 0. 0. 0. 2882. 2882. 3183. 0.94 1.00 0.82 0. 0. 0. 13Sb. 1033. 1162. 0.72 0.45 0.64 WT. OF hACPOAEnThoS " " souare meter ash free wt. 0.38 0.30 0.24 1.37 1.25 1.66 0,75 0.76 l.nn 1.67 3.69 >1.00 0.51 0.25 0,43 0,45 0.86 1,05 0.3* 0.70 0.82 0.*5 0.9* I. 00 1.00 1.17 1.31 1.78 1.56 0.90 0,*0 1.67 I." 0,56 -l.OO 0.04 0.83 0.29 0.74 0.24 0.24 0.84 1.18 1.17 1.48 J.ll 2,42 0,87 1.37 1,27 1,55 0.82 1.00 0.84 0.5' 0.77 >.!' 0.68 0.89 l.ni 0.82 0.81 0.65 0.59 0.39 0.59 99 d»te STATION E-3 DEPTH METERS TOTaL KT. OF HlCOSENTHOS o»A"' "e." soujue ie'e" tfmpfRaTure sfd. w.c>'ontNTH!r obgjNismsi numheR'; reR sou, re >'eTe» , „, s5r. BOl. CME AMPhlpSM OusochaeTA SRM4ERII0AE CHIRON0HI04E OTHERS COUNT DRTVT. »SH FREEST. 3.3 .1 -1 9/16/6* 275 16.3 3.7 10/13/64 27* 11,2 *.3 11/ 7/6* 27* 10,0 3.9 4/21/65 260 1.8 2.9 5/25/65 27) 2,5 2.4 6/22/65 265 3.5 T/18/65 261 IS.O 4,1 8/14/65 265 17.4 -1.0 9/16/6S 265 15.3 3,6 10/ 5/65 26S 12.2 3.7 11/ 9/65 26B 9,0 3,6 4/30/66 271 3,2 3.2 6/ 3/66 263 3.8 3.4 6/29/66 26S 16.2 3.9 8/31/66 2T4 20.6 4.9 10/ 2/»« i'"' "•'' *•' 10/24/6* 274 9.2 4.0 11/ 7/66 27] 7.8 3.9 4/23/67 27l 2.5 3.2 5/28/67 264 3,0 3.1 6/15/67 269 J. 2 3.5 7/15/67 252 10.9 3.9 -1. .1. -1. -1. 6n3. 310. 4T2. 430. 774. 624. 129. 65. lOB. 559. 314. 323. ♦3. 151. 108, »"1. 5fll. 1'9. 0. 129. 0, 129. 624. 516. 0, 151. 215, 0. 0. 0. 0. 18. -1. 16. 0> 0. 0. 0> 22. •3. 0. 0. 43. 0. 0. 0' 0. 0. 65. 0. 0. 0> 0. 0. 22 1 0. 0. 43. 0. 0. 43. 22. 0. 43. 22. 22. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. t?. 0. 65. 0. 0- 0. 0. 0« 16. 0- 22. 0. 0- 0. 0. 0. 0> 0. 0. 22. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0> 0. 0. Oi 0. 0. 0> 0. 0. 0- 0. 0. 0> 0. 0. 0. 22. 0> 0- 0. 0. 0. b. 0. 0. 0. 0. o> 0. 0. 22" 0. 0. • 1. .1. 1206. -1. -1. 0.80 -!,0O .1.00 0, 0. 0. 733, 310. 619, 0.32 0.17 0.46 0. 0. 0. Tl'. 587. 310. 0,56 0.30 0.13 0. 0. -t. 659. 709. -1. 0.53 0.55 ■ I. 00 0, 0. 33. 651. 700* 521, 0.41 0.34 0.17 0. 0> 0. 108, 1011. 410. 0,03 0.34 0.19 0. 0> 0. 860, 473. 1763. 0.20 0.10 0.43 0. 0. 0. 38T. 473, 6^. 0.27 0.21 0.04 0. 0. 0. 452. 677. 496. 0,24 0,39 0.33 0. 0. 0. 581. 1?9. 667. 0.37 0.07 0.47 0. 0. 0, 839. 796. 710. 0.73 0.65 0.29 0. 0. ♦3. 946. 860 • 2107. 0,21 0.15 0.36 0. 0. 0. 258. 431. 538. 0.13 0.17 0.27 0. 0. 0. 538. 43. 430. 0.30 0.01 0.34 0. 0. 925. 753. 649. 0.42 0.36 0.18 0. 0. 0, 516. 49S. 602. 0,27 0.12 0.31 0. 0. 0. 0. 64S. 839. 0.31 0.33 0.39 0. 0. 0. 499. 667. 645. 0.34 0.26 0.33 0. 0. 0. 581. 839. 732. 0.21 0.21 0.29 0. 0. «. 602. 499. 453. 0.26 0.25 0,17 0. 0* 0. 603. 710. 194. 0.19 0.31 0.13 0. 0. 0. 129. 79T. 731. 0.06 0.34 0.41 0,68 -1.00 -I. 00 0.25 o.n 0.39 0.42 0.75 0.12 0.37 0.41 .1.00 0,33 0.27 0,15 0.03 0.30 0,16 0.16 0.18 0.36 0.23 0.17 0.04 0.21 0.35 0.30 0.33 0.07 0.43 0.63 0.55 0.26 0.16 o.m 0.24 e.ii 0.13 0.24 0.25 o.on 0.28 0.35 0.32 O.IS 0.24 0.09 0.27 0.26 0.28 0.35 0.28 0.23 0,28 0.17 0.17 0.25 0.22 0.22 O.IS 0.16 0.28 e.ii 0.06 0.31 0.37 100 oepth METERS Temperature SUR. boi. sed- CODE STATION t-A MACKOaeNTHIC OOr.lNISMS. NUMBERS PER SQUARE MfTER AMPhlPOOA 01.I60CH4ETA SPMAERIIDAE CHIflONOMIOAF OTHfHS 6/1S/64 215 I'.T 9/16/64 183 15,9 10/13/6* 216 9,5 11/ 7/6A 196 10,3 4/21/65 223 2,1 5/25/65 203 2.5 6/22/65 213 3,6 7/18/65 213 15,3 8/14/65 214 lT,5 9/16/65 240 15,5 10/ 5/65 227 12.3 4/ 6/66 241 2.9 4/30/66 211 3.0 6/ 3/66 22* 3.8 6/29/66 219 16,4 8/31/66 226 20,* 10/ 2/66 205 15,0 10/24/66 216 7,8 11/ 7/66 216 7,2 4/23/67 2I» 2,1 S/2B/6T 207 3.0 6/15/67 210 3,2 7/15/67 2*0 12,2 3,6 -I -1 -l.O ■ 1.0 -1.0 3.1 3.6 *.l .1.0 3.5 3,1 3.0 3.5 3.7 *.3 ♦.1 *.0 3.1 3.3 244. 456. bf<7. 619, 701. 179, 733. 717. 702. 212, 342. 424, 1183. 728, 929, 1043. 261. 366. 710. 624. 1591. 903. 5BI, 366. 430. 559. 3fl7. 215. Ins, 710. 280. 8R2, 68B. -1. 1247. S16. 1720. 516. 674. 430. 3A7, 774. 1290. 495. 731. 495. 989, »95. 344, 161. 6>,7. 538. 1054. 495. 1032. 602. 301. 710, 991, 86. 581. 688, 1Z47, 344. 516, 774. 602. -1, -1, -1, 0, 16. 0. 0, -1 . 18. 18, 0. 0. 16, 0, 0. 0. 0, 0, 0, 129, 108, -1. 0, 0, 86, 0, 22. 22, 22, 0. 0, 65, 0, ^2. 0, 65, 0. 0. 0, 0. ♦3. «. 0. 0. 0. 108. 0. 65, 43, 43, 0, 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 215. 172. 86. 0. 0. 0. 0. fl. 22. 65, 43. -1. 0. 0. 0. 151. 65, 121. 22. 43. 22, 65, 22. 0. 65. 0. 0. ♦3. 0. 0. 22, C. 22. 2?. 0. 0, ♦3. 22. 22. 16. 0. 16. 16. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 16" 0. 0. 0. 0. 22. 0. 0. 0. 43. •1. 0. 0. 0. 0. 43. Z7. 22. 0. 22. 0. 22. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 22. 0. 0. 0. 0. ♦3. 22. »». 0. 0, 22. 0. 22. 22. 0. 0. R THfHS TOTtL COUNT C«AMS RE pRV HT. 0. 0. 0. 260. 456. 603. 0.10 0.22 0.17 0. 0. 0. • 1. -1. -1. 0,36 0,42 0.13 0, 0. 0. 733, 733, 782, 0,57 0.40 0,4* 0. 0. 0, 212. 342. 42*. 0,13 O.Zl 0,16 -I. 0. 0. .1 , 1201" 746, 0.03 0.29 0,19 0. 0, 0. 929. 1059. 277. 0.33 0,39 0,87 0. 0. 0. 366. 710. 624, 0.17 0,32 0,28 0. 0. 0. 1462, 1763, 989, 0,34 0.36 0,29 0. 0. 0. 603, 366, ♦30, 0,62 0,27 0,33 0. 0. 0. 559, 387, 215. 0,53 0,26 -1,00 0. 0. 0. 108. 710. 302. -1,00 0,60 0,19 0, 0. -1. 1076, 1958. -1. 0,26 0.2* .1,00 0. 0. 0, 1247, 516, 1806, 0.35 0,07 0,31 0. 0. 0. 667, 75*. S95. 0.32 0.3S 0,16 0, 0. 0. »!3. BIT. 133*. 0.26 0.*6 0.71 0. 0. 0, 560, 640. 495, 0,17 0.33 0.23 0, 0, 0. 1119, 49b. 344. 0.6* 0.33 0.16 0. 0. 0. 1226. 689. 538. 0.*1 0.29 0.29 0. 0. 0. 1141. 495. 1054, o.*s 0.2* o.»o 0. 667, 0.17 0. 0. 323. 753. 0.12 0.20 0, 0. 22. 66K, 86. 603. 0.2! 0.01 0.26 0. 0. 0. 753. 1377. 388, 0.21 0.29 0.12 0. 0. 0. 603, 817. 645, 0.15 0.32 0.27 WT. or MACROPENThOS C«AMS PER 5QU»Rf heTeR ASH FPFE "T. 0.08 0.20 0.15 0.32 0.37 0.11 0.51 0.36 0,40 0,10 n,i8 0,13 0,01 0.23 0,16 0,24 0.79 0,11 0,15 0.79 0,24 0,2* 0.75 0.19 0.56 0.33 0,29 0,*8 0,24 -1. 00 -1.00 0.54 0,1* 0,21 o.?; .1,00 0.21 0.03 0.19 0.25 0.77 0.13 0.22 0.38 0,60 0,13 0.28 0.20 0.55 0.28 0.14 0.33 0.26 0.23 0,40 0.20 0.34 0,15 0.10 0,16 D.f 0.01 0.23 0.19 0.74 0.09 0,13 0.30 0.25 101 DATE DEf'TH METERS TemPeRjTUBe SUR. BOI, SED. CODE STATION E-6 MAC""RfNTMIC I'BRjNiSMS. NUM„fHS PfD <;OUt()e "FTfR AHPMIPODA OLIGOCHAETA .SPM«EaiioiE CHIRONOHlDAr OTHfBS 6/16/64 17* 18,0 9/:6/»» 176 13,7 l0/t3/6« 165 9,7 U/ 7/6* 165 10,0 ♦/21/6S 15o 1,6 S/2S/6S 180 2,3 6/22/65 175 10,2 7/17/65 183 15,2 8/13/65 175 17,8 9/16/65 17* 15.0 10/ 5/65 17* 11,6 11/ 8/6S 175 8.9 */ 6/66 173 2.2 ♦/30/66 17* 2,9 6/ 2/66 186 3,6 6/28/66 171 15,8 8/30/66 175 20,5 10/ i/>•(^ 1T7 16,0 10/25/66 *?(i 6,8 11/ 7/66 182 6,8 4/23/67 l8i 2.0 5/2P/67 183 3,0 6/14/67 177 3,2 7/15/67 180 13.9 3.8 *.0 -1 -1 .1 6 6 6 6 Z.8 ♦.2 ♦.0 3.0 3,9 -l.O 2.9 5.1 ♦ .3 *.3 3.1 3.2 ♦.2 11?5. hi?. '13, 12';5. 1614. 13p4. '>?'). 1337. 766. 587. 3130. 3003. 1401. »?*• 1500, 1871. 1247. 105*. 41?fl. 2666. 3311. 1720. 1666. 1441. 96B. 18P8. 1484. lifi. 1376. 1699, 19';7. 1897. 1548. 2838. 2279. 2043. 3956, 3S?6. 2881. 1290. 12O0. 538. 2000. 1935. 1376. 1570. 1484. 17?0. 1247, 1570. 1355. 1634. 1376, 1376. 1720. 163». 1140. 2043. 146?. 989. 1118. 108, 1269. U90. 1140, 1247, 1075. 1161, 796. 147. 33. 98. 33, 196! 244. 81, 0, 163. 212. 65. 601. 1128. 218. 0, I*. 129. 129, 0. 86. 215. S94. *3. 301. 22. •3. 0. *3. 65. 86. 108. 22, 22. 237. 129, 581. 0. 86. 0. »1, 151. '5. 108, 108. 86. 129, 215. 108, 151. 129. 65. 172, 86. 215. 310, 172. 1*1. 215, 516. 237. 86. 409. 1T2. 108. 280. 215. 22. 33. 0. 33, 16, 36, 36. 244. 40. 1*. 22« 22. 43, ♦ 3. 65. 0. 108. 86. 215. 0. 86. 129. 0. 559. 258. 387. 215. ♦ 30. *3, 1". 0. 22. ♦3. 86, C 22. ♦ 3. 22, 86. 65, 66, 22, »3. 0. *5. ??• 65, 108. 65, 0. 22. 22. 0, 16. 0, 16. 0. »!. 200, 55. 0. 0. 22. 0. 0. 0. 22, 0. »3. «. 0. 0. 0. ♦3. 0. 0. »3. 22. 22. 22. 22. 0. 0, 0. 0, 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. ». c« 0. 0. 0. 0. »3. 0, 0, 22. 0. fR DTHfBS Tnr«L COM"(T 0B4"5 P| OHT WT. 0. 0. 0. 1272. 668. lou. -1.00 0,70 0.90 0. 0. 0. 1288. 1845, 15*8. 1,82 1,73 0, 0. 0. 1026, 1434, 1435. 1,03 1,34 1.38 0. 0. 0. 603. 101'. 668. 0.39 0.93 0,55 0. 0, 0. 3877, 4367. UIO. 1.91 2.10 1.18 0. 0> 0. 537. 473. 1532. 0.34 0.30 1.04 0. 0. 0, 2366. 1398, 1227. 1,79 0.78 1.10 0. 0. 0. *I28. 2795. 3569. 2.08 0,7* 1.21 0. 0. 0. 2022. 1742. 1850. 1,7* 1,23 1.1* 0. 0. 0. I05b. 2991. 1549. 0.77 1.75 1.28 0. 0. 0. 1333. 1656. 1785. 1,20 1.37 1.86 0. 0, 0. 2151. 2043. 1570. 1,63 1,71 1,0* 0, 0. 0. 3666. 2686, 3054. 1,65 1.48 1.23 0. 0. 0. »171. *0t2. 292*. 0.99 0.89 0.76 0. 0. 0, 15*3. 1*8*. 625. 1.02 0.86 0.38 0. 0, 0, 2151. 2172. 148*. 1.68 1.39 1.08 0. 0. 22. 17*3. 1764. 1"72. 1.08 0.83 1.22 0. a. 0. 1398. 1699. 1*42. 1.0* 1.22 1.06 0. 0. 0. 1763. 1613. 1548. 1.0' 1.08 0.92 0. 0. 0. 1957. 1987. 1312. 1.** 1,3* 1.03 0. 0. 0. 2259. 1699. 1570. 1.03 1.11 0.76 0. 0, 0. 1*63. 269. 1678, 0.62 0.17 0.56 0. 0. 0. 1505. 1291. 1570. 0,63 1,02 0.69 0. 0> 0. 1162, 1*20, 818. 0,83 0,89 0.47 OF MACRORENTHOS SOUaRf "eTer ASH E»FE «T. 1.12 0.67 0.84 1.64 1.67 1.60 0.91 1,20 1.24 0.31 0.8* 0.49 1.61 1.75 1.0* 0.29 0.19 0.88 1.55 0.68 0.99 1.T2 0.63 1.02 1.59 1.17 1,00 0,66 1.62 l.l* 1.07 1.26 1.70 l.*7 1.55 0.98 1.28 1.25 0.98 0.77 0.71) 0.53 0.8T 0.75 0.33 l.*8 1.21 0,96 0.97 0.72 1. 10 0.92 1.07 0,9* O.'T 0.9* 0.82 1.2' 1.19 0.93 0.88 0.97 0.62 0.63 0.1* 0.49 0,72 0.90 0.59 0.76 0.80 0.*2 102 OrPTH TEHPERjtURE oaTe meters SUR, bOI. ^F0» CODE St»TtON £-4 HACROR(.;NtMIc OHn^NlSHS. NUMreRS Pe» SOUjRf MplER AXRHIPOOA UUIGOCHAET* SPHaEPITOAE CHIRONOmioae OTheHS "T. OF HaCROREWThOS T0T4U gRams Per souare ke^ep COUNT ORT WT. aSH free "T. 8/J6/6A 33 I*. 3 ♦.S «/l7/6* 33 13,5 .1.9 10/13/64 3R 9,3 .1,0 11/ T/6A 33 6,8 .1,0 ♦ /21/6S 3! 2,6 Z.") 5/2S/65 33 7,3 3,9 6/22/65 37 H,2 5.2 7/17/65 37 12.2 5.2 8/13/65 37 19,0 5,9 9/15/65 35 13,9 7.0 10/ 5/65 32 7.7 7.4 11/ 8/65 33 7,6 T.o */ 6/66 35 I. 5 1,8 A/30/66 34 3,3 3,3 B5S7. 4SP0. 1261''. 11672. 1S941. 141PI. I97n7. 10970. 69ISS, 1*214. 102ft9. S6ri6, 6?';2. 6170, 92SB, 62.11. 1656. 3612. »l!8. 14749. 9bS9, 15811,7. 112A6. 10019. 10191. 7719. B4?0. 1143a. 97P3. 4945. 10041. 10772. 7396. 10363. 42=7. 7310. 5441. 1*964, 10277. 1*383. -1. -1, -1. 945. 1500. 1304. 636, I907l 2217, 1793, 1320, 2722. 3767_ 3794! 2584, 1*51^ 342, 1*83, 710. lS9l. 2666. 2279, 3741, 2279. 4666. 495, 1935. 515. 3032. 882. 774. 387. 731. 1656. 1849. 2193. 1355. 3397. 516. 85 903: 344. 89(.. 1206. 247R, 4841, e7A9, 7775. 1076. 7inp. 4613. 2445. 7237. 7123. 3513. 604?. 2165. S6B9, 3945. 6096, 1161. 2172. 2344. 3612, 3655. 5576, 7783. ♦ 757, 7569. 1957. 2129. 3075. 10428. 4150. 3892. 4279, 3978. 6535. 5375. 6450. 19737. 6622, 8256. 15050, 16. 0, 1'. 0. 0. 0. 0. 11*. 244. 325. 710. 619. 510. »1. 81, 375, 43, 0" 0. 86, 0. 301. 129. *3. 22. 129, 129. Ul. 0. ♦3. 0, 22. 129, 1»1. 129. 194, 882. 3*4. 86. 430. 16. 0. 0. 16. 33. 3*. 18. 0. 33. 0, 0. 0. 65. 0. 0, 43, 43. »3. 0. 0. 0, 0. 0. 0. 0, 0. 0. 22. 22. 0. 0. 2«. 0. 43. -I. .1. -I. 17394. 26210. 23309. 1126*. 28818, 17800. I35I7. 23031. 20473. 13631. 16707. 11430. 16512, 12599. 17945, 3570, 7440, 11138. 20726. 17028. 24156, 23887, 15309, 20017. 10321. 13740, 15545. 20985. 9525. 14664. 16729. 13374. 192*5. 11116. 17157. 25618. 22015, 19565. 3220'. 5.07 6.57 9.28 7.70 11.95 10.24 9.55 14,38 10.43 8.92 12.92 11.35 9.64 -1.00 7,05 11,29 10.57 13.75 2.67 6.83 7.51 10.96 9.34 10.55 18,77 15.50 16.27 10.65 16.19 16.24 13,53 6,41 10.59 11.72 11.22 16.02 7.08 7,64 13.01 6.44 4,95 10.54 *.»1 5.62 7.55 6.01 8.94 6.99 7.34 9,71 6.73 9.45 6,01 6.46 -1.00 4.86 8.20 7.43 10.13 1.73 4.32 S.55 9.15 7,05 7.56 14.18 11.54 12.36 9.16 13.58 13.69 9.25 3.94 8.23 9.00 8.05 11.81 3,97 4.62 4.4! 3.7* 2.93 4.22 6/ 7/66 35 7,8 5.7 6/28/65 36 10.9 4.3 8/30/66 36 20. *,7 10/ 1/66 36 16.0 6.5 10/24/66 35 »,a 6.6 11/ 7/66 35 8,0 7.0 4/22/67 34 4,1 4.1 5/28/57 40 6.4 6.0 6/14/57 35 8,5 4.3 7/15/67 35 15.2 7.3 69(12. 4558. -1. 12599 11718. 4042. 12320. 16749. 1*81*. 18211. 15574. 19135, 1*555. 13094, 95(v3. 6S15. 1238*. 109*4. 106P6. 15330. 11739. 15179. 15308. 12900. 180»2. 137»0. 12879, 17135. 11911, 10299. 19*. 65. -J. 925. 753. 774. 2430, 2817. 4385. 4R8I. 33-3. 20on. 234*. 2602. 2279. 1097. 3333. 2989, 2193, 5095. 4902. 4494. 2451. 4709. 2»81. 7365, 2602. 1032. 1505. 1376. 409. 301. -1. 1247. 4064. 925. 3569, 8084. ♦ 090. loo*t. 4983. ♦ 429. 3806. 4214, 5289. S59o. ♦ 171. ♦ 795, 1828, 419?. 1032, ♦ 322. ♦ 752. 1312. 2752. 3397. 95a. 7568. S84R. 1011. 0. e. •I. 151. 86. ♦3. ISl, 280, ♦ 09. ♦3. 27. 194, 172, 108, 172. 151, 65. 65, 151. 151. 151, 22, 0. 0, 0. 86. 65. 86, 43. 0. 22. 0, •1. 0. 0, 0. ♦3. 22. :!2. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. »6. 22. 22. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 22. 22. 0, 0. ♦ 3. 0. 0, 7577. ♦ 924. -I. 1492Z, 16521 , 5784. 18513. 27952. 21953. 33176. 24017. 25758, 20878. 20018. 17243, 13439, 1997b. 18815, 14858. 24770. 24017. 22511. 18943. 23737, 19508. J6514. 25865, 19307, 12586, 8.87 8. 25 .1.00 8.13 8.73 5.42 9,97 12.03 12.43 15.49 12,01 13.54 11.83 12,19 10.56 6,25 12.68 9,78 10.86 14.10 11.25 15,02 14.67 12,78 20,03 17.64 16.39 17. 9S 12.53 10.25 7.51 6.70 .1.00 6.50 6.71 4.50 8.01 10.28 9.87 11.79 9.07 10.88 8.55 9,79 7,45 3.44 9,58 6.84 8.21 10.79 9.18 10.16 10.40 9,39 16.57 14.13 13.37 14.12 10.09 8.93 103