BENTON HARBOR POWER PLANT LIMNOLOGICAL STUDIES
PART IX. THE BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF 10 JULY 1970

John C. Ayers

William L, Yocum

H. K. Soo

Thomas W. Bottrell

Samuel C. Mozley

Luis C, Garcia

Under Contract with:

American Electric Power Service Corporation
Indiana and Michigan Electric Company

Special Report No. 44

of the

Great Lakes Research Division

The University of Michigan

Ann Arbor, Michigan

March 1972

INTRODUCTION

In Part VII (March 1971) of our report series relative to the Donald C.
Cook Nuclear Station, we established the following report format:

A. COOK PLANT PREOPERATIONAL STUDIES

A.l Recording of Local Water Temperatures

A. 2 Study of Floating Algae and Bacteria

A. 3 Development of a Monitor for Phytoplankton

A. 4 Study of Attached Algae

A. 5 Study of Zooplankton

A. 6 Study of Aquatic Macrophytes

A. 7 Study of Benthic Organisms

A. 8 Study of the Local Fishes

A, 9 Support of Aerial Scanning

B. SURVEYS OF EXISTING WARM WATER PLUMES

C. THE ICE BARRIER AT THE COOK PLANT SITE

D. EFFECTS OF EXISTING THERMAL DISCHARGES ON LOCAL

ICE BARRIERS

E. EFFECTS OF RADIOACTIVE WASTES IN THE AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT

E.l Gamma Scan of Bottom Sediments

E.2 The Most Sensitive Organism for Concentration of Radwastes
E.3 Study of Lake Michigan's Present Radioactivity Content
(FINISHED)

This report covers only items A, 2, A. 5, and A. 7 of the above format. These
studies constitute our initial survey of the large-scale set of biology stations
related to the Donald C. Cook Plant and were carried out on 10 July 1970.

The layout of sampling stations, with indication of how the stations are
numbered is given in Figure 1. The sampling stations, their positions relative
to the Cook Plant, tl;eir distances offshore, and the water depths encountered
are given in Table 1.

CO
Q)

•H

s

O OO —i

I

I
u

o

I

I

u

X..

\

CO

a
o

u
cd
u
en

a

•H

o
o
o

I

■^ o oo#~^

I
u

\

o o«— .

I

IT)

Q

O qOO#— '^.

o o o ^ <=> o w

->o

o oo»— ^

O 0«— rH

00«— CN

o

a
o

c

ro

o
li

o

•H
4J
fD

CO

Q)
4J
Q)

B

O

u

oo«— ^

in

I

I
o

Q
CO

\

CO
Q)
•H
■H

O O OO — [-

I "I 'M" ' I

00 CN iH O

CO 0)

^ ^

O 4J

•H

+J CO

Cd -H

CU

4J

^

CO fl

H

o

U -H

O ■!-»

•

iz; cd

a

C

o

•V txO

•H

4J 'H

4J

a CO

cd

CO 0)

4-J

tH ^

CO

P-.

(U

CU

ri^ ^

rC

O 4-J

4J

o

cj a

M-l

•H

o

T3

rH M

u

cd 0)

(U

a ^

rQ

o e

e

Q :3

^J

a

a

<U

^ 4J

iH

4-i CO

cd

J-l

•H

M^ •H

M

O U-l

CU

CO

^ (1)

+-» rC

(U

^ H

rC

O

4J

CO

•

CO

TJ CJ

•H

0) J-l

■M O

J-l

cd ^

(U

U CO

ri:^

o <+-<

e

iH 14-1

:3

o

a

0)

V^ >^X)

Cd tH

fl

■M

o •

CO U

a o

C CU

CU

O M

CO CO

•H -H

•H

4J 'x:)

<u

cd

rC CO

4J Q)

H a

CO M

o

Cd

•H

CJ

• +J

Q CO

4J cd

c/3 a

a u

o

Cd CO

•H

tH

• . 4J

Pu >«»

CO cd

iH

^ ^

CU a

o CO

rC O

tH

■p 1

tH o

a

O Q

M-l O

M-l

O -P

CU

AS

CO rC

^ a

cd 4-J

+j cd

:3 rH

Xl XI

o p.

Q) a

CO O

4-) cd

+J

Cd

J-l >.

a •^

O rC

W) 4J

a

•H a

rC

CO cd

U Q)

Q) tH

u ^

x> a.

O 4J

a

CU Q)

M-l

u x^

CO o

cd 4J

CU

rH J-l

CO U-l

•H (U

a o

6 ^

o

•H ^

M-l :3

4J 4J

o c

cd u

4-» O

J-l rH

CO a

CU cd

^ -H

CU CU

6 u

rC J-l

:3 CU

H cd

C CO

TABLE 1. The Sampling Stations, Their Positions Relative to the Cook Plant,
Their Distances Offshore, and the Water Depths Encountered on 10 July 1970.

station

Position Relative

to

the Cook Plant

Water Depth
(ft)

DC-1

Directly

off the plant,

1/4 ml offshore

19

DC- 2

It It It

3/4 ••

It

40.5

DC-3

It It tt

1

1/4 "

It

56.5

DC-4

It It It

2

1/4 "

tt

65.5

DC-5

It It It

4

It

79.5

DC- 6

It It It

7

It

130.5

NDC-.25-1

1/4

ml

north of the

plant, 3/4

mi offshore

38

NDC-.5-1

1/2

"

II It II

It

1/4

It

It

20.5

NDC-.5-2

II

II

It It It

II

1/2

II

It

26.5

NDC-.5-3

II

II

It It It

"

1 1/4

II

It

56.5

NDC-1-1

1

II

It It It

It

1/4

It

It

18.5

NDC-1-2

It

II

It It It

It

3/4

It

It

33.5

NDC-1-3

II

"

It It It

It

2 1/4

It

It

57.5

NDC-2-1

2

II

It It It

It

1/4

"

It

18.5

NDC-2-2

11

II

It It It

II

1/2

It

II

21.5

NDC-2-3

II

II

It It It

It

1 1/4

It

It

51

NDC-2-4

II

It

It It It

It

4

It

It

74.5

NDC-4-1

4

It

It It It

It

1/4

It

It

17.5

NDC-4-2

II

II

It It II

It

1/2

It

It

29

NDC-4-3

II

It

It It It

It

2 1/4

It

It

55.5

NDC-4-4

It

II

It It It

It

7

It

It

134.5

NDC-7-1

7

It

It It It

"

1/4

II

It

22

NDC-7-2

II

It

tt It It

II

1/2

It

It

27.5

TABLE 1 continued

Station

Position Relative to the Cook Plant

Water Depth
(ft)

NDC-7~3

NDC-7-4

NDC-7-5

SDC-.25-1

SDC~.5-1

SDC-.5-2

SDC-.5-3

SDC-1-1

SDC-1-2

SDC-1-3

SDC-2-1

SDC-2-2

SDC-2-3

SDC-2-4

SDC-4-1

SDC-4-2

SDC-4-3

SDC-4-4

SDC-7-1

SDC-7-2

SDC-7-3

SDC-7-4

SDC-7-5

7 mi north of plant, 1 1/4 mi offshore

If 11 If n I! 2 1/4 " "

II It II It

1/4 " south " "

-j /o It 11 It It

It It It It It

It It II It It

It II It It

It It It It

II It It It

It It It II

It It It II

It It It II

It It II It

It It It It

It It It It

It It It It

It It It It

It It It II

M It It It

It It

3/4 "

1/4 "

1/2 "

1 1/4 "
1/4 "
3/4 "

2 1/4 "
1/4 "
1/2 "

1 1/4 "
4

1/4 "

1/2 "

2 1/4 "
7

1/4 "

1/2 "

1 1/4 "

2 1/4 "
4

It II

It It

48

52,5
71.5
49.5
19.5
28.5
54.5
13.5
40

61.5
18

27.5
51.5
72.5
14

37.5
59.5
102.5
14

26.5
51.5
53.5
70.5

TABLE 1 continued. Additional Stations for Phytoplankton Only. (All in
4 Ft of Water)

station

Position Relative to the Cook Plant

NDC-.5-0

1/2

mi north of the plant, just off the beach

NDC-1-0

1

II II II II II II II II II

NDC-2-0

2

II II II II II II 11 II II

NDC-4-0

4

II II 11 11 11 11 II 11 11

SDC-.5-0

1/2

" south " " " " " " "

SDC-1-0

1

II 11 11 11 II 11 11 11 II

SDC-2-0

2

II 11 11 11 II 11 11 11 11

SDC-4-0

4

II II 11 II II II 11 II 11

Phytoplankton samples were taken at all the stations of Table 1. At all
stations with serial numbers greater than zero, zooplankton, benthos, and
physical measurements were collected as well. Total collections were: 53
phytoplankton samples and 46 each of zooplankton, benthos, and the physical
measurements. The physical measurements consisted of surface water tempera-
ture, water depth, bottom types, Secchi disc water transparency, and water
color as seen above the white 30-cm Secchi disc. Weather conditions and wind
and wave characteristics were taken and meteorological data taken on 10 July
1970 apply to all the sections of this report; these data are presented in
Appendix A.

A. COOK PLMT PREOPERA.TIONAL STUDIES
A. 2 Study of Floating Algae and Bacteria

Techniques for bacteria had not been mastered at the time of this survey.

Phytoplankton Techniques

Phytoplankton samples were collected by Hansen bottle at a depth of 1 m,
with the exception of the nearshore stations. Nearshore collection (serial
number zero stations) were made by submerging an open 1-liter bottle 4 in. below
the water surface. All samples were 1-liter whole samples. Each sample was
fixed with Utermohl's iodine fixative immediately after collection and stored
in an opaque container.

In the laboratory, each sample was concentrated to 100 ml by settling in a
1000-ml graduate cylinder and siphoning off 900 ml of fluid. The concentrated
sample was stored in a 100-ml opaque bottle.

Samples were prepared for counting by placing an aliquot of the concen-
trated sample in a tubular combination settling and counting chamber and allow-
ing the aliquot to settle overnight. The counting chamber containing the
settled cells was then separated from the settling chamber, covered, and placed
on the microscope. The samples were counted on an inverted binocular microscope
at lOOOx magnification.

Solitary species, green and blue-green algae colonies, and the filaments
of filamentous forms were each counted as one cell. Each colonial diatom cell
was counted except when the size of the filaments or colonies prohibited counting
the individual cells; in this case, the number of individual cells was estimated.

Phytoplankton Summary

The phytoplankton summary which follows (Table 2) is based on the one used
by the Michigan Water Resources Commission in reporting their phytoplankton
collections. Our summaries differ only in that we have counted or estimated
the cells in filamentous and colonial diatoms, while the Commission counts a
filament or colony as a single organism. The station-by-station phytoplankton
records constitute Appendix B.

Dominant and Codominant Phytoplankters

In each phytoplankton sample, one species or group typically was present
in substantially greater numbers. We have called these species or groups
"dominant." In six of the stations, however, a second species or group chal-
lenged the numerical superiority of the dominant species. When the challenging
species or group closely approached the cell numbers of the dominant species,
the second most abundant species or group was recorded as a "codominant," and
both are listed in the dominant species column of Table 2. In Table 3, those
species or groups which were numerically dominant in the samples of the 10 July
1970 Cook Plant survey are presented.

In the 53 phytoplankton samples of the survey, there were 59 dominant or
codominant species or groups, of which 49 were diatoms. On the basis of the
dominants and codominants of this survey. Lake Michigan in the region of the
Donald C. Cook Plant was definitely a "diatom lake" in early July 1970*

Qi

U

Q

+J
O

Q

U
4-1

cd
J-l

H
0)

o

C/2

0)

•H

o

:3

PQ
H

td

a

•H

e

o

Q

CO CO

O iH

H <

U Q)

(1) cd

4-> H

o <:

en

Tl

•H

e

CO

(U

Q

Q)

CO

■P

CO

o

C

+J

C

CO

Q)

•H

Pm

Q

a

CO

•H

u

u

■P

c

CO

0)

•H

u

Q

0)

CO

W)

<U

CO

tXH

CO

:3

1

o

c

CO

u

(U

r-l

C

(U

•H

(U

M

Px<

e

o

I

Q)

I :3

Q) PQ

cO CO 0)
rH :3 (U
•H O J-l

P=M +J O

•H

O I C

a Q) (U

a 3 oj

O tH }-(

cl; PQ o

I

I CO 0)

e >-i }-i

Q) Q) ^

w

CO

•H

4J

TO

CO

C

M

(U

■U

C

CO

o

(1)

■u

c

o

(IJ

}-l

MH

o

CO

to

•H

•H

J-l

}-i

CO

CO

r-{

iH

tH

•H

(1)

M

^

CO

CO

VI

H

tM

C30
00

cx)

vO

00
0)

CO

TO

cn

4J

•H

•H

CO

TO

CO

U

<U

4->

^

U

a

CO

d)

TO

(U

^J

a

(U

c

4J

o

a

o

TO

4J

Q)

4J

Q)

O

U-l

O

C

u

M

Q)

o

CO

^

M-l

M CO
CO ' ■

VD
CM

O 00
<N CX)
r-i CN

O
CV4

CX) VD <r
o «H in

r>- <f vo

CJ^

CO
CM

CX)
CO

o o o o

CO

CO

CO

+J

+J

u

CO

CO

CO

J-l

J-l

M

4J

■P

■U

TO

TO

TO

(U

Q)

a>

a

a

0)

Q)

Q)

M-l

M-l

m

TO

c

43

0)

f W

0)

CO

CO

CO

CO

CO

a

CO

CO

J-l

4J

^

4J

4J

U

0)

4J

<P

60

CO

CO

CO

CO

CO

a

CO

TO

CO

u

CO

J-l

J^

U

U

o

CO

CO

J-l

c

U

C

a)

U

4-i

4J

+J

U

4J

u

u

4-»

J-J

0)

■P

(U

3

TO

CO

TO

TO

TO

TO

o

CO

CO

TO

b£

TO

0)

iH

CU

iH

(U

Q)

(U

<U

J-l

iH

iH

2

(U

J-l

(U

J-l

,£1

C

3

c

c

C

C

o

3

3

e

C

9^

c

to

•

(U

c

0)

(U

0)

(U

C

a

•H

(U

>

o

a

'O

M-l

CO

m

M-l

M-l

«+-!

CO

•

CO

CO

TO

m

*H

M-l

XJ

TO

0)

M

r-^

ei

J-l

M

TO

13

(U

•H

CO

bC

CO

CO

CO

CO

u

TO

W

CiQ

•H

CO

CO

•H

CO

m

•H

•H

•H

•H

^

CO

, ♦J

•H

C!

•H

M-(

tH

•H

J-l

CO

J-l

J-l

J-l

J-i

tH

CO

CO

CO

2

J-i

O

^

•H

tH

4-»

CO

J^

CO

CO

CO

CO

•H

J-l

U

J-l

3

CO

>

CO

•P

(U

c

tH

•H

.H

tH

iH

rH

Wl -H

•H

•H

tJC

iH

}-i

tH

C

4J

0)

iH

TO

iH

iH

iH

iH

cot

TO

TO

TO

B

iH

^

rH

(U

O

TJ

(U

O

CU

0)

CU

(U

M

o

o

o

CO

(U

O

(U

Xl

tH

•H

,n

rH

^

^

^

^

fi.

.H

rH

rH

^

c

,n

•H

o

c

CO

CU

CO

CO

CO

CO

<U

<U

(\)

•

CO

•H

CO

C

>

P

H

S

H

H

H

H

o3

is:

s

S

>

H

P

H

Pi

U

o

CO

o

^l-

r>.

CM

o

m

CM

o>

00

in

vO

in

r^

C3>

r^ o

vD O

CM

in

CM CO 00 in

<f VO
O CM

CX) in in r^

vO

CM

<3^

r^

<r

in

<f

O

in

CO

o

CM

r^

CO

CM

CO

CM

CO

CM

m

CO

CO CM C3^ 00

r-* r^ iH rH

tH rH CM ^

00

00

cy>

o

<r

CO

<r

CO

C7^

CM

a>

<r

O

00

CO

r-i

C^

in

o

CM

CM

VO

rH

CM

CM

CO

VO

cn

rH

rH

CM

CO

CO

CM

CM

T-i

CO

m

r^.

rH

in

CM

VO

CM

rH

00

o

tH

00

<f

00

iH

-^

rH

CM

<r

CO

CM

o

CO
00

00

o

<f

VO

rH

CM

CO

CJ^

00

o

-^

VO

o

vO

VO

rH

O

00

r^

CO

r^

00

CM

r-\

CM

CM

rH

H

H

rH

H

OOod-r^CMO^fCM

CO

CO
vD

CO

CO

00

rH

VO

in

<f

00

CM

in

•<r

r^

r^

r^

vO

CM

CM

rH

VO

in

rH

CO rH O

00

VO

CM

«vi-

VO

in

o

VO

CO

in

CM

in

in

VO

CM

CO CM CM CM
CO CO <N CO

VO
CM

m in

CM

00

vo

<3^

a\

CT»

r^

CM

vO

CO

p

r*.

in

00

P

CJN

in

CM

P

00

-d-

<t

CO

P

CTk

<J^

<7^

VO

00

VO

CM

O

d

d

d

O

C7^

rH

iz;

C7V

o

d

:z;

as

d

d

!z;

<3^

d

d

C^

S

ON

C3^

CJ^

(J\

d

d

d

CM

CM

CM

CM

CM

r-\

CM

rH

1

o

rH

CM
CM

CM
CO

rH

CM

CM

rH

CM

CM

r-{

H

rH

rH

T-{

CM

CM

CM

in

1

1

1

1

o

rH

CM

CO

O

rH

CM

CO

<t

o

rH

CM

CO

-^

rH

CN

CO

CM

in

in

in

in

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

tH

rH

i-\

r-i

CM

CM

CM

CM

CM

>d-

<J-

*^

-cr

-cr

r-»

r^

r-^

T-^

CM

CO

>^

m

VO

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

u

CJ

Q_)

u

C_)

CJ

o

u

U

CJ

U

O

o

U

U

u

u

U

CJ

u

O

CJ

u

QJ

u

U

p

Q

p

p

P

p

p

Q

P

p

P

Q

P

p

P

P

p

P

p

Q

Q

p

p

p

P

^

53

'iZi

»

525

!z;

;zi

z

^

IS

IS

^

^

»

z

125

iz;

;z;

53

13

53

53

Q)

<

H

CO
(U

•H

o

C/D

c

•H

e

o

Q

CTJ Cd
•U GO
O rH

Q) cd

O <1

(U

Q

(U

W

■M

6

Cd

o

a

4J

c

Cd

0)

•H

eiH

P

a

cn

•H

B

j-i

o

4-J

■u

c

cd

dJ

•H

u

Q

0) CO

60 (U

Cd 4J

iH cd

P^ ,H

CO

:3

1 o

c

cd 4J

Q)

rH a

Q)

•H CU

)-i

f^ e

o

o a

O }-i

0)

I 3

QJ PQ

cd CO

•H O

13

•H

O I C

U 0) 0)

O 13 0)

O «H }-(

CJ pq O

I

cd CU

u u

a. 4J

C30
rH •
CN

CO

cd

cdt

4J

A.

cti

ct

»-l

U

4-t

+J

CO

cr

Q)

•

a

C

a

c

^

CO

o r^

-vT rH

CO

^ vO O
<J^ O vO

Cd

Cd

u

u

cd

cd

^^

u

•M

u

CO

CO

Q)

(U

c

c

(U

0)

M-<

• 4-1

CO
•H

•S

o
c
p.

Cd
U
u

CO
0)

C
<u

CO bO| M-l

3

cd

CO

.* o

• a

p. -H

a

CM VO
VO O

o> O

CM CSJ CT\

O CJ>
CO CM

00

<u

T3
•H

CN

cd

Cd

Cd

4J

iJ

4-»

Cd

Cd

cd

u

u

u

u

u

■u

CO

CO

CO

(U

Q)

(1)

c

a

a

<u

0)

<u

M-l

U-l

M-l

Cd

Cd

•H

•H

M

M

Cd

Cd

rH

iH

rH

tH

0)

0)

^

,£1

Cd

Cd

H

H

CM

Cd

c

u

OJ

u

<u

CO

u

CU

to

c

Q)

XI

U-l

0)

•H

cd

m

•H

•H

>-<

4-J

Cd

c

iH

(U

iH

^d

CD

•H

JD

C

Cd

P

H

C3^

<»

•<f

CM

CO

VC

(U

Cd

H

CO

-J-

CM

O

CO

CO

o

r>.

o

o

VO

o

CX5

VO

<7^

VO

VO

VO

CO

a\

o

C30

CO

CO

CM

CO

CO

tH

rH

CM

-sf

r^ vt C3^ CJ>
CO O rH rH
CO CO CM Cvj

O

bO

o

VO

<y\

CN

in

cr*

>d-

CO

O

r^

m

iH

rH

VO tH iH
VO
CN

O
C30

vO CvJ CM

o

00

C>4

00

00 iH

CO vd-

o

CO

CM

VO CO LO

Cvl
CO

CO rH

o

CO

VO
CM

vO vO

00

o :zi

CM

I O

in I
CM in

00

in

C3^
<3^

in

m <!■ CO o o

CO

r^

tH

CN

VO

o

H

VO

CN

00

CM

00

CM

CO
iH

CO

CO
CM

CM

-H

m

VO

in

iH

VO

CO rH rH

in

in

CN

CM

VO

00

CO

in

CO

in

VO

cr> CO CO

O O CM o o o

CM

I

CO

I
in

I

Q
53

I I I

CJ C-3 CJ

Q Q Q

CO c/3 en

I

Q
CO

00
ON

o 00 o

• Q

rH o "z; o

CM CM CM

CM Cy\ O CN

rH o (7N jz; o

CM CNj rH CN

00 vo in

CJN rH
rH CN

o a\

CM ,H

I I

CO CO

CO

I

I

I

CD

Q

CO

CO -^

I I

CM CM

I I

CD CD

O
I

-^

I
CD
Q

CO

I

St

I

CD
Q

I

I

CD
Q
CO

CO

I
I

CD

Q

CO

11

TABLE 3. Dominants and Codominants in the Samples of the Survey

Species or Group

Dominant or Codominant
Occurrences

Tabellaria fenestrata (diatom)
Cyclotella sp. (diatom)
Melosira spp. (diatoms)
Fragilaria crotonensis (diatom)
Unidentified green algae
Unidentified blue- green algae
Dinobrvon diver^ens (flagellate)
Aphanothece sp. (blue-green)
Hypnodinium (?) sp. (dinof lagellate)
Microcystis aerup;inosa (blue-green)
Chlamydomonas sp. (flagellate)

32
7
6
4
4
1
1
1
1
1
1

TOTAL

59

Spatial Distribution of Dominants and Codominants

Little can safely be said about spatial distribution of phytoplankters,
for they can be exchanged from water mass to water mass by turbulent mixing.
The problem is compounded by the annual, seasonal, preoperational, and post-
operational differences which may be encountered in a continuing series of
surveys, such as required for the Cook Plant.

Although we are, at present, only beginning to be accustomed to having
massive phytoplankton data with which to work, we have noted some character-
istics of the spatial distribution of dominant and codominant phytoplankton
species which appear to be worthy of record.

12

In this survey, the dominant organisms in the surf -zone stations (serial
number zero) were the diatom groups Melosira sp. and Cyclotella sp. In the
rest of the area, the diatom Tabellaria fenestrata was the most frequent domi-
nant. In stations farthest offshore, the diatom Fragilaria crotonensis was
more apt to be dominant than in the inshore stations.

The Master List of Phytoplankters Collected During the Survey

Another of the requirements in a long-term series of surveys aimed at de-
tecting changes in phytoplankton populations over a period of time is the rou-
tine presentation of lists of all the phytoplankters collected during each sur-
vey. Over a period of years, such "master lists" become the means of detecting
the arrival of new species or the vanishing of species originally present. We
do not expect the latter to happen; our present knowledge of the Lake Michigan
phytoplankton indicates that species are not eliminated from the phytoplankton
population, but rather that new species appear and are added to the population.

The master list of phytoplankters collected during the survey of 10 July
1970 is presented in Table 4. In this table there are incomplete identifica-
tions and unidentified organisms , generally occurring in the green or blue-
green groups. We make no apologies for this. Our primary attention is di-
rected to the diatom groups where population composition change is apt to show
soonest. Our collections are preserved, and may be re-studied if other organ-
isms or groups exhibit changes which indicate the desirability of re-study.
For convenience in inspection of names, the contents of Table 4 are arranged
alphabetically .

TABLE 4. Master List of Phytoplankton Collected on 10 July 1970.

13

Achananthes hauckiana

Achnanthes sp .

Amphipleura pellucida

Amphiprora ornata

Amphora ovalis

Amphora ovalis v. pediculus

Amphora sp.

Anabaena circinalis

Anabaena sp.

Ankistrodesmus braunii

Ankistrodesmus falcatus

Aphanothece sp.

Asterionella formosa

Blue-Green unknown colonies

Ca lone is sp.

Caloneis ventricosa

Caloneis ventricosa v. truncata

Ceratium hirundinella

Chlamydomonas sp.

Chlorella sp.

Chroococcus limneticus

Chroococcus turgidus

Chroococcus sp .

Closterium sp.

Closteriopsis longissima

(continues on right column)

Coelastrum sp .
Coelastrum sphaericum
Coelosphaerium sp.
Cosmarium sp.
Crucigenia quadrata
Crucigenia sp.
Cryptomonas sp.
Cyclotella meneghiniana
Cyclotella sp.
Cymatopleura solea
Cymatopleura solea v. apiculata
Cymbella sp.
Dactylococcopsis sp.
Diatoma tenuis v. elongatum
Diatoma vulgare
Dictyosphaerium pulchellum
Dinobryon divergens
Dinof lagellate cysts
Diploneis sp.
Flagellates

Fragilaria brevistrata
Fragilaria capucina
Fragilaria construens
Fragilaria crotonensis
Fragilaria intermidia
Fragilaria leptostauron

TABLE 4 continued

14

Fragilaria pinnata

Franceia droescheri

Franceia ovalis

Franceia sp.

Glenodinium sp.

Gloeocvstis sp.

Golenkinia radiata

Gomphonema sp.

Green cells

Green cells, little

Green cells, round, unknown

Green cells, tiny

Grenn colony, unknown

Greens , unknown , chains

Greens, unknown, grape like

Hvpnodinium sp.

Kirchneriella sp.

Lagerheimia citriformis

Lagerheimia longiseta

Lagerheimia longiseta v. major

Lagerheimia sp.

Mallomonas sp .

Melosira binderana

Melosira granulata

Melosira granulata v. angustissima

Melosira islandica

Melosira italica

Melosira sp.
Melosira varians
Meridion circulare
Microcystis aeruginosa
Microspora sp.
Mougeotia sp.
Navicula capitata
Navicula costulata
Navicula decussis
Navicula gastrum
Navicula sp.
Navicula tripunctata
Neidium dubium
Nephrocytium sp.
Nitzschia acicularis
Nitzschia sp.
Oocystis borgei
Oocystis solitaria
Oocystis sp.
Oocystis submarina
Oscillatoria sp.
Fed last rum duplex
Pediastrum simplex
Pediastrum sp.
Peridinium sp.
Phormidium sp.
Quadrigula chodatii

(continues in right column)

TABLE 4 continued

15

Quadrigula lacustris

Quadrigula sp.

Round cells, broken colonies

Scenedesmus abundans

Scenedesmus acuminatus

Scenedesmus armatus

Scenedesmus bijuga

Scenedesmus bijuga v. alternans

Scenedesmus dimorphus

Scenedesmus incrassatulus

Scenedesmus opoliensis

Scenedesmus quadricauda

Scenedesmus quadricauda v. maximus

Scenedesmus sp.

Schroederia judayi

Sorastrum spinulosa

Spores

Spores, resting

Stephanodiscus sp.

Staurastrum sp,

Stauroneis sp.

Surirella angustata

Surirella sp.

Synedra acus

Synedra delicatissima

Synedra delicatissima v. angustissima

Synedra filiformis

(continues in right column)

Synedra ostenfeldii

Synedra sp.

Synedra ulna

Synedra ulna v. chaseana

S ynedra ulna v. danica

Synedra vaucheriae v. fragilarioides

Tabellaria fenestrata

Tetraedron lunula

Tetraedron minimum

Tetraedron obesum

Tetraedron pentaedricum

Tetraedron regulare

Tetradesmus smith ii

Tetradesmus wisconsinensis

Tetrastrum sp.

Treubaria setigerum

Tribonema sp.

Unknown cells

Unknown colonies

Westella sp.

Zoospores

16

Diversity Indices of the July 1970, and Earlier, Phytoplankton Collections

In this section we follow Wilhm and Dorris (1968), who developed from
information theory a technique for evaluating the structure of bottom fauna
communities. We have applied their technique to our phytoplankton collections
because (1) the technique is considered to be very largely independent of
sample size (allowing the use of our smaller, earlier collections); (2) the
technique mathematically considers each component of the population collected;
and, most important, (3) the technique is an accepted index of community struc-
ture by which to watch for changes in the phytoplankton community structure
around the Cook Plant in the ensuing years.

Basically, the Wilhm and Dorris diversity index considers that, in a popu-
lation composed of a few species or groups and with large numbers of individuals
of each species or group, the uncertainty that any one organism collected will
belong to a species or group already taken will be low (and the technique com-
putes a low diversity index). Conversely, in a community composed of many
species or groups, but with fewer numbers of individuals of any species or group,
the uncertainty that any particular organism collected will belong to a pre-
viously recognized species or group is hi^h (and the technique computes a high
diversity index) .

The computation of Wilhm and Dorris is

d = -^(N^/N) log^ (N^/N)

in which (N./N) is the percentage of the population, N, that is represented by
any one species or group, N., of the collection. Logarithms to the base 2 are
natural logarithms multiplied by 1.44269; the logarithms are negative, and a

*Wilhm, J.L.. , and Dorris, T.C. 1968. "Biological Parameters for Water Quality
Criteria." BioScience 18(6) :477-81.

17

negative summation is used to provide an answer in positive numbers. The over-
bar on d denotes a mean, for their method (extended) also yields maximum and
minimum diversity indices.

NOTE: The average diversity index shown at the end of Table 6 is

merely the arithmetical average of d values of the individual
station collections.

In accordance with our policy of continued analysis of our earlier surveys
of the Cook Plant area, we have computed the Wilhm and Dorris diversity indices
of our phytoplankton collections earlier than July 1970 (the collection on
25 April 1969 was not made by a comparable method and is not included). The
station lists of phytoplankton collected from which these diversity indices have
been computed are Tables 3, 4, 5, and 6 of Part VII of our report series rela-
tive to the Cook Plant. The results are given in Table 5.

TABLE 5. Diversity Indices of Phytoplankton Samples 1-1.3 Miles Off Cook Plant

Station and Date

Distance
from Shore

Depth of
Collection

Diversity
Index, d

CP-2

11 August 1969

COOK

4 October 1969

COOK

26 April 1970

COOK

6 June 1970

1.3 miles

1#0 mile

1,0 mile

1.0 mile

6 inches
15 meters
15 meters
15 meters

(and, for comparison, from the present report)

DC- 3

10 July 1970 1-" "'^^^^ ^ '"^'^^^

3.64
2.38
3.11
3.27

3.60

18

TABLE 6. Numbers of Phytoplankton Species, Number of Individuals
Per Milliliter and Diversity of the 10 July 1970 Survey

station

Number of

Number of

Diversity

Species

Individuals

Index

DC-1

23

390

3.18

DC- 2

24

407

3.63

DC- 3

30

647

3.60

DC-4

15

448

1.85

DC- 5

12

286

2.88

DC- 6

11

333

2.39

NDC-.25-1

26

458

3.39

NDC- . 5-0

42

1,794

3.92

NDC-.5-1

43

504

3.88

NDC-.5-2

26

647

3.53

NDC-.5-3

17

528

2.89

NDC- 1-0

36

3,052

3.90

NDC- 1-1

31

1,244

3.88

NDC- 1-2

20

974

1.65

NDC- 1-3

25

543

3.28

NDC- 2-0

36

1,180

4.27

NDC- 2-1

43

940

4.05

NDC- 2- 2

21

504

3.85

NDC- 2- 3

21

601

3.46

NDC- 2- 4

20

515

2.91

NDC- 4-0

30

1,856

4.01

NDC-4-1

46

3,024

3.89

NDC-4-2

42

1,521

4.01

NDC-4-3

19

277

2.85

NDC- 4- 4

19

331

3.40

NDC- 7-1

46

1,594

3.78

NDC- 7- 2

50

11,523

1.09

NDC-7-3

41

1,081

3.92

NDC-7-4

17

1,344

2.77

NDC-7-5

21

220

3.29

TABLE 6 continued

19

Station

Number of
Species

Number of
Individuals

Diversity
Index

SDC-.25-1

9

143

1.94

SDG-.5-0

40

1,038

3.90

SDC-.5-1

33

718

3.62

SDC-.5-2

17

278

2.84

SDC-1-0

33

1,396

3.81

SDC-1-1

27

830

3.33

SDC-1-2

19

757

2.03

SDC-1-3

16

386

2.75

SDC-2-0

34

962

3.55

SDC-2-1

29

1,012

3.58

SDC-2-2

13

265

2.55

SDC-2-3

18

337

3.23

SDC-2-4

12

316

2.29

SDC-4-0

40

1,104

4.22

SDC-4-1

31

567

3.56

SDC-4-2

26

798

3.08

SDC-4-3

18

438

2.84

SDC-4-4

17

331

3.15

SDC-7-1

32

632

3.68

SDC-7-2

42

13,274

0.49

SDC-7-3

37

630

3.54

SDC-7-4

26

712

3.20

SDC-7-5

23

413

2.88

Overall Average

: Diversity Index

3.20

20

In Table 6, the number of species or groups present, the number of indi-
vidual cells per milliliter, and the diversity index for each phytoplankton
sample of the 10 July 1970 survey are listed by stations. The field of diver-
sity indices has been contoured and is shown in Figure 2.

Comments on the Phytoplankton Collections

Consideration of the numbers of species collected, the nimibers of individ-
ual phy toplankters , and of the diversity indices of the station collections
(horizontally across Table 6) show only that the individual station collections
were greatly different from each other. The adjacent stations, SDC-7-1, SDC-7-2,
and SDC-7-3, for example, show variations in numbers of species or groups rang-
ing from 32 to 42, variations of numbers of individuals per milliliter from 630
to 13,274, and variations of the diversity index from 0.49 (at SDC-7-2) to 3.68
(at SDC-7-1).

The conclusion being forced upon us is that small water masses, each with
different biotic characteristics, move through the Cook Plant area. The data
from our grab-sampling technique is the manifestation of uneven phytoplankton
population distribution in these water masses. We have seen, but perhaps not
fully appreciated, similar conditions before (see our conclusion in Part VII of
our report series wherein floating-bag experiments at NIPSCO's Bailly Station
produced only evidence of plankton patchiness). There are many other evidences
of plankton patchiness shown in Table 6.

The demonstrable phytoplankton patchiness shown in Table 6 leads us to

the conclusion that the overall average diversity index for this survey should
be presented only as an objective mathematical summary of data from several

21

w
u

;3
o
u

c
o
u

CO

o

•H
0}

>

a
o

PL.

o
u

O
M

22

biologically different water masses. This figure will be retained for pos-
sible future usefulness.

Possible Influence of the St. Joseph River

Dr. E. F. Stoermer has provided a list of river-associated phytoplankters
which he believes would, if heavily dominant in our Cook Plant surveys, in-
dicate an undesirable amount of influence by the St. Joseph River on the en-
virons of the Cook Plant. Our phytoplankton collections at Cook Plant on
10 July 1970 have been inspected for the presence and degree of numerical
dominance of these species. In no station did all 13 of the species occur.
In 16 of the 54 stations none of the proscribed species occurred. When numbers
of these species are plotted on the map of Cook Plant sampling stations (Figure
3), the only pattern that emerges is of their more frequent occurrence in
shallow water, not a surprising result since these species also are known as
shallow-water lake plankters. Thus, the evidence from the 10 July 1970 sur-
vey shows no demonstrable effect of the St. Joseph River on the Cook Plant
plankton. Similar analysis will be made for each of the subsequent surveys.

23

^

4J

bO 0)

C rC

•H 4J

^

O TJ

rC C

en cd

CO a

a o

O 4J

•H ^

•u C

•

CO cd

c

4J rH

CO CX-H

O

4-»

W) 4J

cd

a >> 4J

•H 4::

en

rH fL,

a

^

e ^

cd QJ

Cd

Oi u

w

cd

4J -H

+J

c

Cd

Cd

tH CO

u

CL, CO

C

<

0)

^ 1

CO

J-l

CU

Q)

u

u >

(^

•H

M-< pc:;

CO

QJ

^

•H

a.

a

cd

OJ

is^ a

p.

en

•H

• 4J

M-l

CO :3

rO

s-d

^ u

rn

a CO

H -H

3

LU

o S8 — b-

t m W

^ S

c

4J

OJ

Cd

C/3

• u

(U

4-» 'H

>^

c -d

p

a' c

CO •H

4-J

QJ

ro CM ro

J-i CO

000— ^

c

a -H

a

c ^

QJ

4-J

•u >

- ^10

Jt^

^ ^

00

CT3

P QJ

cd CO

— ^* .^

rH

tH ^

P-

p. •
u

4-J

4J CO QJ

>
^

>-. QJ ^

a.

a u 13

OCX)- "^

TH

QJ a
x) p.

o"?)S- -

CU

Cd

0) CO 4J
4-» P
Cd M-< QJ

•H

•H

a

u Cd

M -ri

m (p

CO

CO QJ 'Td

•00- CM

CO

cd

CO X» Cd
Cd g

Id QJ

j-i

V4 P ^

QJ

QJ 4-i

>

> QJ

•H

•H ^ >,

P^

(^. ^ r^

E o s • • 000— ^

CVJ ^ CNJ »0

o o • 00 —

CO
UJ

1 I I "I "I'^'l

r<. ^ fo CM — o

24

A. 5 Study of Zooplankton

Zooplankton Techniques

Zooplankton collections were made by a vertical haul, from bottom to sur-
face, with a #5-mesh (0.282-mm average openings) net of .5-m diameter. A pro-
peller-type flowmeter was affixed in the center of the net mouth to obtain
quantitative measurement of the volume of water sampled by the net. The volume
of water that passed through the net was indicated by the number of revolutions
made by the flowmeter propeller; this figure was recorded and later converted
to an equivalent expressed in liters of water.

The net was then raised above the surface and rinsed to free organisms
impacted on the net and to concentrate the sample in the collecting jar tied
on the narrow cod-end of the net. Then, excess water in the brim-full jar was
decanted through a small area of the net just above the cod-end. This small
area of the net was then rinsed carefully to wash all zooplankters into the
collecting jar with a minimum amount of water. The jar was removed from the
net, and Koechies fixative, a solution of formalin and sugar, was added as a
preservative. An identification label containing pertinent collection data
was placed in the jar. The jar was capped and labeled exteriorly for delivery
to the laboratory.

In the laboratory, the sample volume was measured by transferring the
entire sample to a graduated cylinder. The entire sample then was returned to
the collecting jar and mixed thoroughly and continuously with a magnetic stirrer
while 1-ml subsamples were extracted with a Henson-Stempel pipette. Each sub-
sample was placed in a depression in a clear glass spot plate. Each depression

25

received a few drops of soap solution to break the surface tension film and
allow the zooplankton to settle to the bottom for easier counting. A variable-
magnification binocular microscope was used, with transmitted light, for
counting and identification. As many 1-ml subsamples as were necessary to ob-
tain good statistical parameters were counted. The number of zooplankton per
liter of water was obtained by conversion with standard factors. The station
collections of zooplankton on 10 July 1970 are given in Table 7.

Zooplankton Abundances

The Cyclopoid copepod zooplankton group exhibited the highest abundances
during this survey, reaching 21.99 individuals per liter at station SDC-4-4 ,
13.52 individuals per liter at station DC-6, and 13.44 individuals per liter
at station NDC-4-4; these copepods , however, were not present in the collection
from station SDC-4-3. Other maximum abundances during this survey were:
Diaptomus copepods, with 12.66 individuals per liter at station SDC-4-4 (this
was the highest abundance for this group, greatly exceeding its abundances at
other stations); Bosmina cladocerans, with 12.62 individuals per liter at sta-
tion SDC-2-1 (a single-station maximum approached only by 9.60 individuals per
liter at station SDC-7-3) ; Polyphemus cladocerans, with 2.35 individuals per
liter at station DC-1 (at all other stations this group had abundances of less
than 1 individual per liter); and Asplanchna rotifers, with 1.42 organisms per
liter at station SDC-2-1 (abundances from other stations closely approached
this figure). Actual numerical abundances of zooplankton in the collections
of this survey indicate primarily the patchiness in spatial distribution of
the zooplankton.

26

In seeking to establish a biological baseline against which future com-
parisons may be made, we list below the dominance frequencies of the zooplank-
ton groups of the 10 July 1970 survey. Although the Cyclopoid copepods were
occasionally present in higher numbers, Bosmina cladocerans dominated the
samples most frequently.

Zooplankton Group

Cyclopoid copepods
Diaptomus copepods
Bosmina cladocerans
Polyphemus cladocerans
Asplanchna rotifers

Dominant or Codominant Occurrences

8

37
2

Just as the phytoplankton samples in the preceding section of this report
required that the Cook Plant area of Lake Michigan be put on record as being
a '*diatom" lake on 10 July 1970, the zooplankton collections of the same day
require that the Cook Plant region of the lake be recorded as a "Bosmina" lake.

Diversity Indices of the July 1970, and Earlier ^ Zooplankton Collections

In the preceding section on phytoplankton, we have introduced and discussed
the Wilhm and Dorris computation of the diversity index. In this section, their
index is applied to the zooplankton collections because it appears to be, at
present, the best means by which the zooplankton community can be represented
objectively in a way that can be used in watching for changes in community
composition over time.

We, at this time at least, attach no pollution-related interpretations to
the numbers for diversity indices that are computed. They are used merely as
objective parameters against which comparisons over time are to be made.

27

TABLE 7. Zooplankton, 10 July 1970. Samples by Vertical Haul of
Metered #5 Net. Organisms Per Liter.

^ Stations DC-1 DC-2 DC-3 DC-4 DC-5 DC-6
Organisms ^

Copepods :

Diaptomus 0.26 0.17 0.26 0.49 1.54 5.02
Epischura - - 0.01 0.01 0.01
Eurytemora .-----
Limnocalanus - - - - - 0.02
Senecella .-----

Cyclopoids 0.05 0.38 0.11 0.79 3.96 13.52
Harpactacoids - 0.01 - - -

Cladocerans :

Alona - 0.02 -

Bosmina 0.56 1.69 2.49

Ceriodaphnia - 0.04

Daphnia - 0.02 0.02

Diaphanosoma ------

Eurycercus ------

Holopedium - 0.01 0.02 0.03

Leptodera - 0.04 0.01

Polyphemus 2.35 0.47 0.11 0.14 0.25 0.39

Rotifers :

Asplanchna 0.42 0.34 0.21 0.14 0.04 0.05

3.27

1.86

4.61

0.03

0.02

0.02

0.21

0.17

0.13

28

TABLE 7 continued

"- ^Stations NDC.25-1 NDC-.5-1 NDC-.5-2 NDC-.5-3 NDC-1-1

Organisms \

\ ^

Copepods :

Diaptomus 0,30 0.16 0.22 0.41 0.13

Epischura - - - - »

Eurytemora - - - - «

Limnocalanus - - - - _

Senecella - - - « .

Cyclopoids 0.34 0.06 0.24 0.24 0.18

Harpactacoids - - - 0.01

Cladocerans :

Alona

-

0.06

0.02

-

0.03

Bosmina

3.36

1.07

2.20

3.22

1.50

Ceriodaphnia

0.04

-

0.04

0.02

0.03

Daphnia

0.02

-

-

0.04

0.03

Diaphanosoma

-

-

-

-

-

Eurycercus

-

-

-

-

-

Holopedium

-

-

-

0.01

-

Leptodera

-

-

-

0.01

-

Polyphemus

0.98

0.14

0.82

0.25

0.41

Rotifers :

Asplanchna

0.68

0.53

0.98

0.23

0.52

29

TABLE 7 continued

\ Stations NDC-1-2 NDC-1-3 NDC-2-1 NDC-2-2 NDC-2-3

Organisms^

Copepods :

Diaptomus 0.27 0.41 2.02 - 0.26

Epischura - - 0.02

Eurytemora - - - . .

Limnocalanus - - - - -

Senecella - - - _ -

Cyclopoids 0.24 0.32 4.43 - 0.24

Harpactacoids - - - _ «

Cladocerans :

2.31
0.01
0.04

Alona

0.01

0.36

-

Bosmina

1.58

1.17

4.72

Ceriodaphnia

-

-

0.03

Daphnia

0.02

0.01

0.35

Diaphanosoma

-

-

-

Eurycercus

-

-

-

Holopedium

0.01

-

0.01

Leptodera

-

-

0.01

Polyphemus

0.58

0.36

0.06

Asplanchna

0.42

0.04

0.13

0.02
0.01
0.31

0.32

30

TABLE 7 continued

^^ Stations

NDC-2-4

NDC-4-1

NDC-4-2

NDC-4-3

NDC-4-4

Organisms -^

Copepods :

Diaptomus

2.02

0.27

0.21

0.51

6.60

Epischura

0.02

0.02

0.02

0.01

0.01

Eurytemora

-

-

-

-

-

Limnocalanus

-

-

-

-

0.03

Senecella

-

-

-

-

-

Cyclopoids

4.43

0.07

0.17

0.70

13.44

Harpactacoids

-

-

-

0.01

-

Cladocerans :

Alona

-

-

0.01

-

-

Bosmina

4.72

1.96

1.58

1.59

3.77

Ceriodaphnia

0.03

0.02

0.02

0.07

0.02

Daphnia

0.35

0.02

0.01

0.08

0.23

Diaphanosoma

-

-

1.58

-

-

Eurycercus

-

-

0.02

-

-

Holopedium

0.01

0.02

0.02

0.02

0.01

Leptodera

0.01

-

0.01

0.01

-

Po lyphemus

0.06

0.50

0.11

0.25

0.13

Rotifers :

Asplanchna

0.13

0.38

0.25

0.24

0.05

31

TABLE 7 continued

^ stations

NDC-7-1

NDC-7-2

NDC-7-3

NDC-7-4

NDC-7-5

Organisms" v^

Copepods :

Diaptomus

0.66

1.13

0.81

0.44

0.99

Epischura

-

-

-

0.04

0.03

Eurytemora

-

-

-

-

-

Limnocalanus

-

-

-

-

-

Senecella

-

-

-

-

-

Cyclopoids

1.33

2.02

0.93

0.55

3.19

Harpactacoids

-

-

-

0.01

-

Cladocerans :

Alona

0.08

0.42

0.14

0.01

-

Bosmina

5.72

4.22

1.62

1.11

1.60

Ceriodaphnia

-

0.07

-

0.04

0.03

Daphnia

0.05

0.13

0.05

0.04

0.14

Diaphanosoma

-

-

-

-

-

Eurycercus

0.05

-

-

0.01

0.01

Holopedium

-

0.05

0.01

0.01

0.01

Leptodera

-

-

0.03

0.01

0.01

Polyphemus

0.23

0.15

0.47

0.16

0.10

Rotifers :

Asplanchna

0.20

0.37

0.29

0.10

0.03

32

TABLE 7 continued

^ ^tations SDC-.25-1 SDC-.5-1 SDC-.5-2 SDC-.5-3 SDC-1-1
Organisms^

Alona

0.04

Bosmina

4.31

Ceriodaphnia

0.02

Daphnia

0.08

Diaphanosoma

-

Eurycercus

-

Holopedium

0.03

Leptodera

-

Polyphemus

0.69

Rotifers :

Asplanchna

1.08

0.02

Copepods:

Diap tonus 0.37 0.25 0.08 0.60 0.08

Epischura - - - - «

Eurytemora - - » . _

Limnocalanus - - - - .

Senecella - - - « _

Cyclopoids 0.48 0.23 0.23 0.38 0.25

Harpactacoids - - - - -

Cladocerans :

4.88

0.02

-

0.06

2.25

3.53

3.23

-

0.07

-

-

0.15

«

0.03

-

0.01

0.03

0.21

0.45

0.02

0.18 0.66

0.44 1.26 0.36 0.48

33

TABLE 7 continued

"^ ^tations

SDC-1-2

SDC-1-3

SDC-2-1

SDC-2-2

SDC-2-3

Organisms ^

Copepods :

Diaptomus

0.34

0.68

1.78

0.08

0.35

Epischura

0.05

0.02

0.24

0.04

-

Eurytemora

-

-

-

-

-

Limnocalanus

-

-

-

-

-

Senecella

-

-

-

-

-

Cyclopoids

0.44

0.66

3.44

0.10

0.26

Harpactacoids

-

0.01

-

0.04

0.01

Cladocerans :

Alona

0.08

0.42

0.18

0.02

0.01

Bosmina

3.93

3.50

12.62

2.24

1.65

Ceriodaphnia

0.03

0.06

0.06

-

0.05

Daphnia

0.03

0.12

0.06

-

0.03

Diaphanosoma

-

-

-

-

-

Eurycercus

-

-

-

-

-

Holopedium

0.09

0.04

-

0.02

0.04

Leptodera

-

0.04

0.12

-

0.05

Polyphemus

0.44

0.12

0.47

0.38

0.25

Rotifers:

Asplanchna

1.20

0.32

1.42

0.50

0.22

34

TABLE 7 continued

^ Stations

SDC-2-4

SDC-4-1

SDC-4-2

SDC-4-3

SDC-4-4

Organisms \

Copepods :

Diaptomus

1.68

0.33

0.08

0.40

12.66

Epischura

0.01

-

0.05

0.04

-

Eurytemora

-

-

-

-

-

Limnocalanus

-

-

-

-

0.09

Senecella

-

-

-

-

-

Cyclopoids

2.59

0.08

0.16

-

21.99

Harpactacoids

-

-

-

0.04

-

Cladocerans :

Alona

-

-

0.06

-

-

Bosmina

4.75

1.69

1.08

2.74

9.83

Ceriodaphnia

-

-

-

-

-

Daphnia

0.19

0.03

-

0.12

0.35

Diaphanosoma

-

-

-

-

-

Eurycercus

-

-

-

-

-

Holopedium

-

0.02

-

-

-

Leptodera

0.01

-

0.02

0.03

-

Polyphemus

0.23

0.14

0.35

0.08

0.18

Rotifers :

Asplanchna

0.08

0.56

0.32

0.25

0.08

35

TABLE 7 continued

^^

^ \S tat ions

SDC-7-1

SDC-7-2

SDC-7-3

SDC-7-5

**v^

Organisms "^ '>>^

- ^

Copepods :

Diaptomus

0.31

1.05

6.20

1.34

Epischura

0.04

-

0.19

0.03

Eurytemora

-

-

-

-

Limnocalanus

-

-

-

-

Senecella

-

-

-

-

Cyclopoids

0.61

2.73

6.86

2.78

Harpactacoids

-

-

-

0.02

Cladocerans ;

Alona

0.19

0.46

0.20

0.03

Bosmina

3.51

3.97

9.60

1.05

Ceriodaphnia

0.04

-

0.05

-

Daphnia

-

-

0.79

0.14

Diaphanosoma

-

-

-

-

Eurycercus

-

0.03

0.23

-

Holopedium

-

-

0.05

0.02

Leptodera

-

0.06

0.06

0.01

Polyphemus

3.66

0.99

0.64

0.12

Rotifers :

Asplanchna

0.15

0.78

0.88

0.07

36

The diversity indices have been computed from the station collections of
10 July 1970 given in Table 7. Table 8 gives indices computed from earlier
collections •

TABLE 8. Diversity Indices of Zooplankton Samples from 1-1.3 Miles Off
Cook Plant.

Station and Date Distance from Shore Diversity Index

COOK 1 A .1 on

/ r> *. 1. m^n 1-0 mile 2.0

4 October 1969

COOK T A -1 10

o^ A -1 TA-7A -^'O mile l.z

26 April 1970

COOK 1 A •-! 1 /

r T TO-7A 1-0 mile 1.4

6 June 1970

(and, for comparison, from the present report)

DC-3

10 July 1970 ^-25 "'^^^^ ^-^

Table 9 presents station by station: (1) the dominant organism in terms
of numbers in each station collection, (2) the total number of zpoplankton
organisms per liter captured by the #5 plankton net, and (3) the diversity in-
dices as computed from the data of Table 7, At the end of Table 9 there is
presented the overall average diversity index for this day's collections, which
is given as a possible summary parameter for the station collections,

Conaments on the Zooplankton Collections

The numbers of zooplankton per liter found in the water in the Cook Plant
area varied considerably. The offshore samples tended to exhibit higher abun^
dances; however, some stations closer to shore produced samples with high abun-
dances of zooplankton. Table 9 lists, by station, the total number of organisms

37

TABLE 9. The Numerically Dominant Zooplankters, Total Numbers of Zooplankters
Per Liter (Metered #5 Net), and Diversity Indices of the 10 July 1970 Collections,

Station

Dominant Organisms

Total Organisms/Liter

Diversity Index

DC-1

DC-2

DC-3

DC-4

DC-5

DC-6

NDC-.25-1

NDC-.5-1

NDC-.5-2

NDC-.5-3

NDC-1-1

NDC-1-2

NDC-1-3

NDC-2-1

NDC-2-2

NDC-2-3

NDC-2-4

NDC-4-1

NDC-4-2

NDC-4-3

NDC-4-4

NDC-7-1

NDC-7-2

NDC-7-3

NDC-7-4

Polyphemus

3.64

Bosmina

3.19

Bosmina

3.24

Bosmina

5.11

Cyclopoids

7.85

Cyclopoids

23.76

Bosmina

5.72

Bosmina

2.02

Bosmina

4.52

Bosmina

4.44

Bosmina

2.83

Bosmina

3.13

Bosmina

2.67

Bosmina & Cyclopoids

11.78

missing

Bosmina

3.52

Bosmina & Cyclopoids

11.78

Bosmina

3.26

Bosmina

2.41

Bosmina

3.13

Cyclopoids

24.29

Bosmina

8.32

Bosmina

8.19

Bosmina

4.35

Bosmina

2.53

1.5
2.1
1.3
1.7
1.8
1.6
1.8
1.8
2.0
1.3
2.0
2.0
2.2
1.8

1.7
1.8
1.8
1.8
2.4
1.6
1.5
2.6
2.4
2.3

38

TABLE 9 continued

Station

Dominant Org;

anisms

Total Organisms /Liter

Diversity Index

NDC-7-5

Cyclopoids

6.14

1.8

SDC-.25-1

Bosmina

7.10

1.8

SDC-.5-1

Bosmina

6.04

1.1

SDC-.5-2

Bosmina

4.50

1.8

SDC-.5-3

Bosmina

5.34

1.7

SDC-1-1

Bosmina

4.52

1.4

SDC-1-2

Bosmina

6.58

1.9

SDC-1-3

Bosmina

5.57

1.8

SDC-2-1

Bosmina

20.39

1.8

SDC-2-2

Bosmina

3.42

1.0

SDC-2-3

Bosmina

2.92

2.1

SDC-2-4

Bosmina

9.54

1.8

SDC-4-1

Bosmina

2.85

1.7

SDC-4-2

Bosmina

2.12

2.1

SDC-4-3

Bosmina

3.43

1.4

SDC-4-4

Cyclopoids

45.18

1.6

SDC-7-1

Polyphemus &

Bosmina

8.51

1.8

SDC-7-2

Bosmina

10.04

2.2

SDC-7-3

Bosmina

25.75

2.0

SDC-7-4

broken

SDC-7-5

Cyclopoids

5.61

1.9

Overall Average

Diversity Inc

1^^

1 a

IcA — — — — — —

"""*" J..O

39

per liter for each sample. Zooplankton patchiness is evident, although not as
pronounced as the phytoplankton patchiness. Ue cite stations NDC-2-1, NDC-2-4,
DC-6, NDC-.5-1, SDC-2-1, SDC-2-2, SDC-2-3, and SDC-2-4 as examples.

40

A, 7 Study of Benthic Organisms

Benthos Techniques

Benthic organisms were collected by use of the ponar grab-sampler. Two
grabs were combined and passed together through a washing device in which the
benthic organisms were retained on a 0.5-mm mesh screen. In subsequent count-
ing, the counts were divided by two to give the average of the duplicate samples.
Organisms from the washing device then were collected into pint mason jars,
labeled internally and externally, preserved with buffered formalin, and re-
turned to the laboratory for processing. In the laboratory, the samples were
concentrated on a small mesh net, and transferred with minimum fluid to the
counting tray.

For general survey purposes , the benthos are counted into the groups :
amphipods, oligochaetes , sphaeriids, chironomids , and others (mostly leeches
and snails). The averaged counts were converted by standard factors to give
numbers of organisms per square meter. The counted samples are preserved by
appropriate standard museum techniques and retained as a reference collection.

We are well aware of some weaknesses in our treatment of benthos collec-
tions. We know that sorting and counting into family groups as outlined above
is a compromise between the desirable identification to species and the time-
wise impracticality of such identifications to species. For the same reason,
another compromise has been necessary to expedite enumeration of the oligochaetes.
These worms tend to fragment during processing, and it is not possible to
rapidly distinguish fragments from whole individuals. Therefore, to estimate
oligochaete abundance, all worms and parts of worms were counted, and the total

41

divided by three. More detailed examination of some samples has shown that
this factor actually varies from sample to sample, but we feel that our proce-
dure is adequate to distinguish any major features of oligochaete distribution.
We have tried the computation of diversity indices from our higher-taxon separa-
tion of benthos, and have found that they are unrealistic; diversity indices
will not be applied to our benthos collections for this reason. In view of the
necessity to maintain continuity of method, we will retain the benthos-handling
routine outlined in the preceding paragraphs .

Benthos Abundances

The abundances of benthic organisms collected on 10 July 1970 are presented
in Table 10. In this table the collections are arranged into six parts, each of
which contains stations at different distances from shore and in roughly the
same water depths. Location of stations by distance from shore is navigationally
convenient and desirable. It bears upon biological collections through its ef-
fect upon water depth, which in turn bears upon biota through its effects on
wave action, bottom stability, food materials remaining in the area, and other
factors. The bottom in the area of Cook Plant is gently, but not uniformly,
sloping and its sand is known to move with storms and currents. Because of this,
the variations of depth at given distances from shore contain transient factors
due to bottom movement. The two deepest stations were characterized by fine
sediments with a high proportion of clay, indicating the occurrence of a sedi-
mentation boundary at approximately 130 ft.

As a whole, benthic macrofauna increased strongly with depth between 15 and
80 ft. This was also true of the major taxa amphipods (represented by the single

42

2
TABLE 10. The Benthos Collections of 10 July 1970. Numbers Per Meter .

station

Depth
(ft)

Amphipods

Oligochaetes

Sphaeriids

Chronomids

Others

Part 1.

Stations

1/4 Mile Offshore

NDC-7-1

22

8

17

86

8L

NDC-4-1

17.5

295

NDC-2-1

18.5

no data

NDC-1-1

18.5

17

504

NDC-.5-1

20.5

26

113

DC-1

19

86

399

8

452

17L

SDC-.5-1

19.5

226

SDC-1-1

13.5

278

SDC-2-1

18

17

660

SDC-4-1

14

8

95

SDC-7-1

14

26

8

86

Avei

rages

Stations

11.6

1/2 and 3/4

44

0.7

254

2.3

Fart 2.

Mile Offshore

NDC-7-2

27.5

86

982

69

86

l7L

NDC-4-2

29

339

521

165

147

NDC-2-2

21.5

missing

NDC-1-2

33.5*

747

1,817

321

113

8L

NDC-.5-2

26.5

missing

DC-2

40.5*

1,582

547

243

147

SDC-.5-2

28.5

156

686

113

60

8S

SDC-1-2

40*

1,417

2,556

730

243

34L

SDC-2-2

27.5

121

843

139

165

SDC-4-2

37.5

95

765

78

269

SDC-7-2

26.5

139

1,104

121

147

8S

Averages

520

1,091

220

153

8.3

3/4 mile offshore.

43

TABLE 10 continued

Station

Depth
(ft)

Amphipods

Oil

gochaetes

Sphaerlids

Chronomids

Others

Part 3.

Stations

1 1/4 Miles Offs

hore

NDC-7-3

48

556

573

26

43

8L

NDC-2-3

51

139

1,104

34

34

8L

NDC-.5-3

56.5

78

3,738

1,886

104

17S
52L

DC-3

56.5

5,382

860

956

121

SDC-.5-3

54.5

2,278

2,608

217

34

17L

SDC-2-3

51.5

721

8,781

921

69

17L

SDC-7-3

51.5

1,704

660

104

130

Averages

1,550

2,618

592

76

17

Pcxrt 4.

Stations

2 1/4 Miles Offshore

NDC-7-4

52.5

495

78

34

NDC-4-3

55.5

1,973

78

34

43

NDC-1-3

57.5

4,243

3,199

1,982

513

104L
43S

DC- 4

65.5

695

3,869

2,634

486

208L

SDC-1-3

61.5

3,756

1,165

652

130

52L

SDC-4-3

59.5

547

2,825

921

78

52L

43S

SDC-7-4

53.5

4,573

1,747

226

8L

Averages

2,326

1,852

926

179

73

Part 5.

Stations

4 Miles Offs

hore

NDC-7-5

71.5

1,843

5,695

1,121

252

78L

NDC-2-4

74.5

10,451

6,008

278

52

DC- 5

79.5

7,668

4,590

704

43

26L

SDC-2-4

72.5

2,825

4,617

1,356

286

34L

SDC-7-5

70.5

2,425

2,825

947

295

95L

Averages

5,042

4,747

881

186

47

TABLE 10 continued

44

Station Depth Amphipods Oligochaetes Sphaeriids Chronomids Others
(ft)

Part 6. Stations 7 Miles Offshore

NDC-4-4 134.5 5,208 5,686

DC-6 130.5 939 1,365

SDC-4-4 102.5 1,199 5,625

617

104

34M

147

34

17L

573

52

34L
17S

Averages

2,449

4,225

446

63

34

45

species Pontoporeia af finis ), oligochaetes , and sphaeriids, Chironomids were
present in low abundance over much of the area, and dominated the benthos in
depths less than about 20 ft.

On 10 July 1970, the water depths at 1/4 mi from shore were slightly
deeper directly in front of the plant site. This condition was reflected in
higher (but still low) benthos collections directly in front of the plant site
(see station DC-1 collections in comparison to collections at adjacent NDC sta-
tions north and SDC stations south of the plant site). To a lesser extent,
this condition is shown also in Part 2 of Table 10, though it should be noted
that stations NDC-1-2, DC-2 , and SDC-1-2 were at 3/4 mi from shore, while the
rest were at 1/2 mi. The tendency for deeper water and higher collections con-
tinues to be evident through Part 5 of the table, which presents station col-
lections at 4 mi from shore. It is not present in Part 6, which gives collec-
tions at 7 mi from shore. At present we do not know whether the increased
depth in front of the plant site is a temporary feature due to transient condi-
tions of bottom movement or a permanent feature.

In spite of the deeper water in front of the plant site, the benthos col-
lections at 1/4 mi from shore clearly demonstrate a relatively sterile zone
or relative biological desert there, populated mainly by chironomids. If the
Cook Plant outfalls go in at the planned 1160 ft from shore, they will be in
this relatively deserted zone, where there is little benthos to be damaged.
If the outfalls were to be placed at 1/2 mi from shore, they still would be in
an area of reduced benthos.

46

The Benthos Species List

Detailed study of the benthos reference collection from this survey has
been carried out and the list of resident benthos of that day has been prepared.
It is presented in Table 11, Altogether, 38 kinds of benthic macrofauna were
distinguished, and many of these were identified to the species level, or larval
type in the case of chironomids. The only animal listed as a single taxon, but
which included several species, is Pisidium .

Comparisons of the types of chironomids and oligochaetes with other areas
of the Great Lakes revealed a mixture of "oligotrophic" and "eutrophic" con-
ditions (as defined by indicator species) in the Cook Plant area during this
survey. Future publications will deal with these relationships.

Application of the diversity index to the samples provided no additional
insight into the ecology of the area, for the values varied so much that their
significance was ambiguous. The cause of many of the low diversity values was
the high proportion of Pontoporeia in the samples.

47

TABLE 11. Species List, Cook Plant Benthos Survey

July 1970

Arthropoda

Crustacea

Amphipoda

Pontoporeia af finis
Mysidacea

Mysis relicta
Insecta

Diptera

Chironomidae (larval types, not species)

Chironomus f luviatilis-group

^. anthracinus-group

C^. halophilus-group

Kiefferulus sp.

Crypt o chi r o nomu s sp. 1

<C. sp. 2

P ar a ch i r onomu s cfr. demeijerei

Paracladopelma cfr. galaptera

P^. cfr. obscura

Polypedilum cfr. scalaenum

P^. fallax-group

Tanytarsini sp .

Procladius sp. (?spp.)

Monodiamesa cfr. bathyphila

Heterotrissocladius cfr. subpilosus
Annelida

Oligochaeta

Lumbriculiidae

Stylodrilus hering;ianus
Tubif icidae

Limnodrilus hof fmeisteri

_L. an^ustipenis

L. cervix

TABLE 11 continued

48

Hirudinea

Mollusca

Pelecypoda

L. profundicola
Aulodrilus americanus
Potamothrix moldaviensis
P^. veidovskyi
Peloscolex freyi
P^. variegatus
Tubif ex tubifex

Helobdella stagnalis
Glossiphonia complanata

Gastropoda

Sphaeriidae

Sphaerium striatinum

S_. corneum

S^. nitidum

S^. transversum

Sphaerium sp.

Pisidiuin spp.

Lymnaea sp.
Valvata sp.

49

1
in

•

1

CJ

O
13

1

1

CM

•

1

o
o

523

in

CX)
CO

iH W) (D

iH CO

•H rH O 0)
CO ,D bO

CJ

C^

CJ

CM

M-l

!>.

CO

CJ

in

4-J

V^

^

'd

•

rH

cd

o

a

o

•H

o

u

cd

CM

CO

o

rO

CO

CX)
CO

iH c O d
•H -H J-4 Cd
CO M-l ,Q CO

iJ

>^ >^

O

rH 'O

u

a

vD

CO

a

•p

u :i >.

cd Q)

QJ

1

CM

^

M-l

}-i O N

o

(U ;3

CU

CJ

VO

^

cd iH cd

•

iH rH

u

P

rH

S

c^

CV4

a o ^

00

O rO

bO

CJ
o

MH

in

o

CO

+^ iH a

O i->

CO ^ >>

60 'd

cd cd iH cd
rd p CO CO

o

a

•H
«4H

Cd
u

Q) MH
> O

Cd

>mH
U

rC >^

c
Cd

O CO CO CO

o

ON

in

r^

1

in

u

in

Q

iH

o

P^ >>

H 13

h

a

4-» :3 >.

M CU

0)

>-< O N

CX)

tH :3

CU

Cd iH Cd

•

•H rH

M

P. CJ ^

-d-

6 rQ

W)

CJ

o

(U
e rH

4J 'H a

CO g CO rP CO

CU

p.

<

C/)

<r

r^

H

1

CO

u

in

S

P

rH

13

C/)

<tj

§

CO

1

CO

CM

^

a
p

in

u

M

CO

>^

ffi

P-.

Csl

1

in

CJ

<!•

p

rH

o

J^ MH

CM

M o tsi

Cd rH Cd

00
CO

o

CO

r^ CO

+J -H

•H rH O

,12
CO
•H

CO g ,0 00

rH CO

U -H

W)ri^ 3 CU

•H rH O CU

rH -H }-i M

CO g ^ 50

C
CU
CU

4-J

txOri^ ?

•H rH O

rH 'H J-l

CO g ,P ,P

CU

;3

CJ

o

u

o

o

CsJ

u

o

CM

l+H

in

in

in

in

in

o

a

<u

CU nj >^«H

j>% a cd i+H

Cd Cd

H CO

rH g
Cd cd

00 >>
CU

<u cd c

> rH cd
O O CO

+J CU § ^3

rH C O P

•H -H J-i Cd

CO UH ^ CO

5^ P

+J CU 3 'd

rH a o a

•H 'H }-i cd

CO ^H ^ CO

tH

00

I

o

a

in

p

rH

CN

CO

rH CO

U -H

•H rH O

•H U

CO e r^ 00

CD

o

CT^

CD
CM

O
C7^

■P CU 5 TJ

nH a o a

•H 'H J^ Cd

CO i+H rQ CO

o

•H

Cd

4J

en

C

+j

O

MH

•H

4-»

#

a

'd

4J

H

CU

CU

x:

CO

j-i

CU

oc

W

•H

a

•H

u

P

C/D

CU

CU

#

ffi

^

(U

'd

•d

+J

a

a

Cd

cd

•3

•H

•H

CU

(U

H

1^

:2

en

rs

o

v<

CO

o

•H

rH

P

o

u

•H

rP

u

a

CU

a

+J

CU

cd

en

1^

o

+j

o

l+H

u

(U *

»

U CU

,i2

CU

cd u

4J

p

rs :3

P

>-

^

CU

H

(U cd

P

a u

B

cd CU

u

o

IH p

CU

p

M €

p

4J

r> S

cd

o

en H

:2

PQ

50

o
o

<1

CO
1

1

CM

1

CX)

u

-sT

p

CM

^

rH

1
CM

1

<■

U

CO

P

CN

;z:

rH

1
CM

4J

o

1

rH

M

P

:3

o

^

a\

CO
1

1

o

o

o

p

<f

:z

iH

Csl
1

1
1

O

o

<t

p

CO

:z:

tH

iH

4J

CO

4-»

u

m

0)

<D

rC >.

C

o

t>.

CO

rH

W)^

Q)

0)

-sT

o

4-»

M

nd

Xi

in

•H iH

:3

0)

•

•

iH

CO

a

XI ^

•

rH -H

rH

M

O

rH

•H

O

CO

a cu

-d-

w e ,j=>

60

CM

uo

CO

O

CO

CO P.

C

O

iJ 4J

^

c >.

>> >>

U

tw

0)

Q) CO 42

r-\ nd

>^ J-J

a

o

iH

rH TJ P.

*J :3

>>

^ 42

Q)

<r

m

T3

-2

& S T*

u o

N

CX)

tH W)

Q)

•

•

V^

CO

g :3 v-i
^-2 5

cd tH

cd

•H 'H

}-i

O

rH

CO

g

o

P4 a

^

CNJ

ky m
wnish 1

CM
o

CM

:3

u

CO CO p.

3

CX)

LO

4J

•H

^

o

iH O

Q)

•

•

iH

TJ

c

•

•H M

U

ON

00

•H

9J

CO

CM

e ^

bO

rH

rH

CO

e

CO

1

CM

u

<r

CJ^

^

o

1
in

•

1

rH

u

CO

p

<t

^3

r-\

CM
1

1

in

•

1

CJN

o

rH

P

<1-

jz;

iH

a

■p

o

4H

•H

U

*

O

XI

4J

H

0)

Q)

43

C/3

Vh

CU

W

c

Pxq

•H

P

•H

o

P

CO

Q)

•H

#<

PC

4-»

<u

XJ

XJ

CO

4J

.9

.s

•H

CO
0)

C/D

H

:^

1:2

C/3

P>^

4-i

CJ

MH

p^

42 >.

§

o
CM

in

MH 42

^^

U

>.

^

in

•H rH ^

Q)

•

•

rH a

(2

CO a

rH C

Q>

u

CO rH C

c

iH 'H iH

u

O

r**

CO a

CO

rH 'H

•H CO

>

Q)

M •H •H

CO

^

CO e 43

W)

CM

in

42 -H

u

O MH

CO CO

O

>

60 CO M-i

CO

4-»

u

MH

42 >^

a

o

>.

tobX

O

Q)

in

in

U Q)

'2

CX)

•H 7-i

^3

0)

•

•

'i 3

S

r-\ 'H

rH

M

o

CO

•H 'H

CO

CM

CO e 43

W)

CM

CO

CO MH

CO

rC

CO

■p

•H

CJ

14H

<U

>^ a

a

o

>. d

CO

in

rff S

S

<J\

in

•u ?

U TJ

CM

rH O

0)

•

•

rH O

CO (2

•

•H J-i

}^

C^

00

•H U

O CO

r-\

^

W)

rH

rH

CO 43

a CO

CO

a
o

•H

O

rH
CO

4_t

u

MH

>^

CO

CO a

•H

42 >.

W) r^

0)

0)

o

00

in

0) >.

0) 3

TJ

42

5

M cO

V-i
Q)

O

•H rH

:3

0)

•

CO rH

c o

a

4J

o

J-i

4-)

rH 'H

rH

v^

o

so

^ -H

•H Vj

CO

•H

a

MH O

cO

<r

CO B
M 0)

43

a

0)

W)

CM
o

in

in

MH

in

O CO
U 0)

MH 4^
i '2

CO

1^

•H

o r

CX)

Ih r3

Q)

•

•

rH a

^ S

•

•H rH

u

o

vO

•H -H

M CO

CO

e ^

W)

C^4

CM

CO MH

^ CO

O

U

CO

O

•H

rH

P

o

U

•H

42

U

O

Q)

O

U

<D

CO

C/i

:2

4J

CJ

MH

M o

Q) •

•

+J (U

42

(U

CO J-i

4J

p

:S

P

>

U

(U

H

CD CO

p

a u

6

CO cu

J-I

o

MH P

0)

4-J

:3 (U

CO

o

c^ H

:s

PQ

51

CO
1

1

1

1

P

^3

1

1

1

Csl
CO
Csj

1

1

1

Q

13

CO

I

I
p

U

o

iW

>^

CO

CM

o

u

J-i

Q)

'd

•

•

tH

cd

-d

a

C

O

CX)

•H

o

C

•H

CO

CNI

-d-

CO

a

Cd

m

CO

<r

1

r^

u

CO

p

rH

^

tH

CO

1

1

o

u

o

p

iH

;z:

iH

1

1

1

o

O

in

P

o

!z:

tH

o

tw

o

>.

rj

v£>

uo

u

0)

§

X)

•

•

rH

C

O

C

o

r^

•H

•H

J-i

cd

CNJ

CN
4-J

CO

MH

rQ

CO

U

M-l

Q)

>^

CO

CX)

O

4-J

J^

nj

•

•

iH

cd

C

o

<r

•H

O

Cd

CN

rH

u

CO

CO
O

a

O

CO

CO
CO

>^ J>.

U

•H

cu

tH tj

V4

a

o

in

4J

iH

+J 13 >^r^

cd Q)

(U

vO

•

Cd

4->

>^ -u >.

J-i O N O

m

cu ;3

0)

•

-d-

rH

M-l

cd

•H Cd

Cd rH CO O

rH rH

J-l

cr»

CO

(U

O

U

V-i iH

pL. O ^ O

^

O ^

W)

rH

tH

60

CO

W)

W) O

LO

4-»

u

U-l

rC P^

o

>>

cj

tiOM cu

CU

G\

in

•P Q)

^

'O

CM

•H tH :3

cu

m

•

^H C

o

a

•

rH -H iH

u

a^

LO

*H 'H

u

cd

-d-

htly s
y m
nish b

rH

u

o

in

M-4

CO M-l

Xi

CO

CO
0)

rH

:3

W)^ ^

cu

CJN

o

4J CU

TJ

X^

a

CO

•H rH O

(U

•

•

iH C

c

u

^

cd

•

tH -H M

M

C7^

a\

•H -H

cd

•H

CU

}-<

CN

Ui B r^

txO

rH

CM

CO m

CO

:^

M-l

W)

CO

4-»

rC

4J

CO

CO

4-»

O

Cd

•H

U

14-J

s

C

o

>^ c c

o

1^ 3

§

,i*i

4-J

}-l

>.tH

M ^ Q)

C7^

in

U -H

-a

M-l

(U

N O

in

iH O 0)

•

•

iH Ti

O

a

iH

>

Cd o

•

•H J-4 J-»

ON

r^

•H CU

J-4

Cd

rH

iH

o

^ o

rH

e ,o w)

rH

rH

CO B

^

CO

CU
•H

d
o
o

x>
a
cu
a.
cu
<

I

Cvj

I

p

o

4J
M-l

C

4J

O

IW

•H

J-J

•

O

'd

U

H

CU

cu

X

CO

U

cu

w

a

w

•H

a

•H

o

P

cyD

CU

•H

tn

4J

cu

Xl

TJ

Cd

a

c

C

cd

JJ

•H

•H

•H

<u

C/D

H

!^

1^

en

+j

CJ

MH

42 >»

C

o

>. a

W)ri^ CU

CU

CO

in

U Q) ^

T3

in

•H rH :3

CU

•

•

rH a O

C

•

rH -H rH

M

ON

<f

•H 'H J^

Cd

in

CO e ^

W)

iH

r^

CO MH ^

CO

o

M

CO

o

•H

iH

p

O

CJ

•H

,12

U

a

CU

o

4J

cu

cd

C/D

:2

CJ

4-» CU

cd u

1^ :3

CU Cd

o J-i

Cd cu

a
W
cu

en H

u

MH

«

^

cu

i-»

CI

a

>

0)

H

p

M

5

cu

4J

u

4J

cd

o

IS

pq

52

1

1

1

r^

CJ

<r

P

r^

CT)

iH

CO
O tH o

a
cu

o

o

CM

O

4-» (u 1^ 'd
rH a o c

CO IW rQ CO

T3

a
o
o

^13

P.
<1

1

IT)

in

o

00

CO

o

CO

1

1

in

•

1

LO

CJ

00

P

r^

en

iH

1

1

ir>

•

1

00

U

iH

P

r^

C/3

iH

1

00

U

o

P

a^

W

o

1

1

in

v>l

1

o

u

tH

p

r^

en

«H

in

I

I

CJ

P

13

I
P

00

o
o
o

o
m

CO

■p

iH

u

IH

H

>. J-»

a

o

^ >.

g

M rfi

0)

00

in

60 4J

<U

3

'2

r^

rH W)

(U

•

•

•H fH

C

O

c

•

•H -H

M

0^

CO

rH -H

•H

J-i

cd

iH

CO
•H

WD

iH

tH

H
M-l

CO CO

M-l

r£i

CO

CO

a
o

•H
CO

^g

0)

o

O

in

H Q)

1

-d ^

>^XI

;3

H

CvJ

tH o

cu

•

•

.H a

O

a

u

Cd a

O

•H }-•

}-l

iH

<r

•H mH

}^

CO

•H

j-i Cd

a

CO

e rO

60

CM

in

CO M-l

ri^l

CO

1^

60 CO

•H

^

CO

■u

•H

CJ

IH

>^ d

a

o

>^

cj

ri^ 5

cu

00

in

+J (U

^

t^TJ

in

rH O

(U

•

•

H a

O

cd

C

•

•H M

}^

o

00

•H -H

U

V-i

cd

CO

e ^

60

CvJ

CM

4-»

CO M-l

iH
4J

(U

60

CO

>^ -P

a

o

rC >^

CO

Cj

i?^

cu

<Tl

in

60 +J

u

3

'd

r^

rH W)

(U

•

•

•H «H

cd

o

C

•

•H -H

}>l

a^

a\

rH -H

o

M

cd

iH

e H
CO

60

iH
o

H

M-l

CO CO

a

,n

CO

-5^ S

<u

00

m

4J 0)

^

'd

00

tH O

(U

•

•

iH C

o

a

•

•H J-i

}-l

o

a\

•H -H

u

cd

CO

e rn

60

CNJ

o

4-»
M-l

inch s
clayey f

CO

CO

>. CO

cu

vO

in

M-l

cu

>-i

>^

>. (U

•

rH C

a

(U

cd

Cd a

a\

tH

cd t\3

•H

>

u

rH -H

tH

4J

^ 4J

M-l

o

60

CJ MH

u

M-l

g

>. 13

vO

in

U *r{

'd

•

iH -d

a

O

CM

•H (U

CO

eg

in

CO e

CO

CJ

4->

O

MH

•H

4-»

«

O

-Td

H

H

Q)

<u

rd

cn

V-i

<u

6(

a

w

•H

a

•H

o

P

en

CU

•H

#

Ei:

4->

<u

•d

T^

Cd

€

c

a

Cd

4J

H

•H

•H

(U

cn

H

:^

rs

en

a

>-i

CO

o

•H

r-\

P

o

o

•H

^

>-l

a

(U

o

4J

cu

cd

en

rs

CJ

H

o

MH

U

Q) *

#<

+J <u

^

CU

cd u

4-i

a

:^ :3

CI

;>i

u

<u

H

<u cd

p

O M

^

cd cu

M

o

MH a

(U

4J

u B

u

4-»

d cu

^

O

en H

C2

PQ

53

CO

1

1

ON

u

-sT

Q

ON

cn

iH

^

^

U

CO

U

cd

•H

u

M-<

>>

>^

TJ

^ g

c

o

0)

0)

.^ §

(U

00

in

M-l

^

>^ 0) T?

u

>^ P^ CU TJ

o

iH O

0)

•

•

iH

o

C

CO c c

0)

cd Cd a C

o

*d J^

u

o

ON

cd

c

CO

iH vH CC

>

J-i iH 'H cd

u

e r^

W)

CM

LO

43

•H

4-»

a m CO

o

W) O M-l CO

CM

1

1

u
p

CO

o
en

o

CO

cd
u
u >.

> cd
o ^

u
cd

o
o

•H J^

e to

o

O

ID

CO

iH C O S
•H -H J^ cd
CO <4-i rO CD

1

1

in

u

tH

Q

00

C/^

o

-si-
1

1

CM

1

0^

O

in

Q

00

en

iH

o

CO

cd
o

(U

> cd Cd

o ,i2 :5

o

CM

O

O
CM

o

CO

u

Q) cd
o

a 'a
p. cd

G a ^ (0 CO

o

iw

M

c

o

>^

cd (U

0)

o

in

m ^

4J (U

TJ

o

a; :3

0)

•

•

rH U

C

iH a

c

•

iH iH

>-l

Oi

CM

Cd C

cd

•H "H

Cd

vO

o ^

W)

rH

r^

rC .H

+->

CO M-l

CO

J-l >^ CU 4J 'O

cu Cd a iH a

> >-^ 'H 'H cd

O CxO ^-4 CO CO

CO

1

CM

1
CJ
Q

C/3

CO

00

o

u

CO

Cd
u
u >,

> Cd

O rC

in

CO

rH O
•H V^

6 rO

0)

u

u

o

CT»

CD
CM

4J

in

in

CO

o

•H
CO

CU ^T^ rC >^ CU -d rH

rH o a C

•H ^ -H Cd "H
CO rQ ^ CO 15

Cd C C o
^ 'H Cd C

W) 'W CO

CM
1

1
CM

1

CM

U

CM

Q

00

CO

r^

^ e

a

ri«i 5

0)

00

rH O

0)

•

•H V^

M

CO

e rn

W)

o
CM

CM

m

CM

rH C O S
•H 'H M Cd
CO M-i ^ CO

1

CM

1

m

O

CO

Q

00

C/D

o

vO

rH t>0 (D
•H 'H }^
e rH W)

O

CNj

o

00

rH J3
•H -H

0)

rH

CI4 Cd

CO ^H ^ CO CO

(I)

:3

•H
+J

a
o

o

T3

CO

1

rH

1

CO

u

p

00

C/D

rH

H

d

CO

W

•H

•

4J

(1)

Cd

4J

^

to

H

o

CO

c

4J

M-l

•H

4J

#

'd

+J

0)

0)

^

M

<y

W

•H

p

•H

P

CO

iS

T3

^3

C

a

cd

•H

•H

0)

1^

:2

CO

u

Cd
cu

CO
•H

>> d a

rH O cu
•H J-i M

o

u

CO

•H

r-\

P

u

•H

rC

u

cu

p

CD

cd

CO

1^

o
00

o

CM

m

rH

cu

Cd ^
cr«H

u

4J

IW

M

cu •

^ cu

rC

<u

^ ^

+J

a

:^ 3

P

t>

*J

(U

H

(U cd

p

u

g

cd cu

u

iw p.

CU

■u

^§

4-»

4J

cd

CO H

:si

pq

>.

<U

U

>> >^ <U

T3

0)

cd Cd a

a

>

J-i tH 'H

cd

W) a m

CO

54

I

Q
CO

CN

m
o

CN

r^

^

u

M

Cd

Cd

TJ

T3

o

O

o

O

o

00

M-l

in

o

■M (U 3 na

iH c o a

•H 'H V^ cd

CO m ,£3 CO

I

I

Q
CO

CM

U

Cd

o
o
u

u
Cd

o
o

4J

00

o

CM

in

en

in

rH a b CJ
•H 'H J^ cd •H
CO IW ,iD CO 15

13 ^ >. <D T^

-^ Cd a a

V^ -H cd

60 M-l CO

CO

c
o

•H
CO

H

o

CO
I

r^

I

CJ

o

CO

CN

CN

CJ

in

iH

in

rH a o a

•H -H M cd
CO IW r^ CO

CN

I

I

p

CO

CJ^

CO

CN

?>>

p

in

4-> Q)

^

13

•

rH d

O

a

vD

•H -H

u

cd

CN

CO M-l

^

CO

(1)
d

•H

d
o
a

X
•H
13

d

0)

I

I

o
P

CO

I

I

u
p

CO

CO
Csl

o

CN

Cd
13

o
o

d

4-»

o

1+-I

•H

4->

#^

O

13

+J

H

Q)

03

rC

CO

U

0)

W

W

•H

P

•H

P

CO

0)

»

ffi

(U

13

13

6

d

d

Cd

•H

•H

•H

0)

H

:2

:2

CO

u
cd

13

o
o

o

>-l

CO

o

•H

.H

P

O

CJ

•H

^

u

O

(U

CJ

4-J

<U

cd

CO

:2

o

m

o

o>

>.

rt

o

+J

0) 5

13

•

fH

d o

d

<f

•H

•H U

cd

iH

CO

iW ,Q

CD

42

CU 13

>^ 13

4J

a

>. d

cd d

M-l

d

cd cd

M cd

•H

tH CO

bO >. CO

in

a

0)

•

m

(U

>-i t>. <u

CsI

rH

d d

0) cd d

o

Cd

cd "H

> nH -H

iH

rd

+J M-l

O O M-J

iJ

o

MH

M o

(U *

•

JJ CD

rC

0)

cd j-^

u

P

:^ :3

Q.

>

4-J

0)

H

0) cd

P

O J-i

g

cd QJ

u

o

M-l Q.

0)

4J

13 S

4J

4J

Cd

O

CO H

12

pq

55

Appendix B
PHYTOPLANKTON COLLECTIONS, 10 JULY 1970

Identification of Plate Components

Top line (left to right)

Station number, number of species or
groups, total number of individuals
per milliliter, and the diversity
index of the collection.

Columns (left to right) :

First Names of species or groups collected.

Second Numbers of individuals of each species

or group, per milliliter.

Third Percentages of the total individuals

that are represented by the individuals
of each species or group. These are the
N /N factors used in the diversity in-
dex equation.

56

ir\oooooooo^oo^o oo

(rk>om<MO''Ofn«Mmc(h^«««ro^a<^
OoroaKO^«^^(Oh->COCe«-«Ctf>«-4

• ••••••••••••••••••

•^0©OOOOOc«MQCCOCOCC c

•-4

• 1^ IM p^ ^ ^ OMTN 0» *NI flO *^ -^ •-• in *N» f^ ^ •-♦OJCM »-• h- «M ' «m

<
I/)

3

<

K X a. a

UJ z

, . Z I/) D

^^tU UJ 3 M

Ciu. z o • ec
«/» n u» o. UJ

9 ^< < N4 i/x
U^-* ^O X

u 0^ oc «i o </> a.
o ^< ui z *^ (/>

8H J o I «/> >

QC ^ 09 UUJ O U

X ad< >•►- o «
o u. ^ o t/) o o

z:

Ul

of

UJ •
>Q.
•-» i/)
O

Z

as

^3

33«

Z Z .

< < «

< < <

Of oc (

</) </> <

oo (

zo

UJ -I

z<

: ou.
» »-
' o </)■
I Of 3

: uz

• < u>
«o

: « o
: < cc.

• -i ►-
) •-• »/>

< ^

Z Of ^ ^ -I

•14 UJ UJ UJ UJ GC <

QO. Z Z Z U. '

(/> ^

t/> »-
Z I/)

Ui 00

*-• <

^ Of

ou

• Q. Z <

a o •-♦<
</» t/)

Z 3 D
dc «/» t/>

»- UJ UJ

to u o

< UJ UJ

^ z z

O UJ UJ

UJ o u

O. «/) I/)

3

o

00 00

z z

oo CO
UJ UJ
CJ Q«/)
UJ UJLU

zz Of

UJ UJ O

u ua>
«/> to t/)

• < to
a. z 3

VO ^O
3<

<
-J <l<

3 OC Of

u o o

M UJ UJ

> z z
< > >

— to V/)

z z

< to »-*
K V -J

< u <
^ z •

OUJ *^ Q.

< H- • O 00

^ < a Of

^ i/) 1-4 (/)

< -I u ^

mUJ < h-

z o •-• < to

•-< »- z >

^ -I O UJ u

ZU. UJ < o

ujO O ou LU

««Z 3 < O

O-t O ^ ~i

OQ Z « O

o

Ul .

I
• <

> «

o

00 <
^ 3

3a

to
; o
z <
Of z

o <

U. Of
UJ

< o
-J z

3S

UJ u.
3*^
OC Of

zu

(/) o •

-JU < a.

a. oo :

00 I

00 _

oo<<uj<ujaDUj<z
< z ~

z o
o z

O H

< Of
Zu

< UJ

z o

o *-

»- u

< 3

o <

Of i-i

UJ </)
K O
oo J

< UJ

Of ai ^

Z ^ X -J
^ ^ OC UJ
O M UJ Of

zox —
>^ < o Of
ac Of < 3
3U. ^ 00

< o

< •

z >

' OC

o <
z

< .J a.
Of 3«/)

o

Of < <

a Of Qc

^o o

luj X

a z Q^

X > z

< 00 <

• Of

O. • UJ
</>Q. X
00 U
Z «/>
3oO W
-!< O
Of, Z Of

xo <
a. o M

V»> UJ
OiZ O
^< Z
UJ_J <

o H^'<>*©«**»^«*'*'''***^<*^«-«'^C •^oo»^*«^^'c?Cf>Soooco

z

3

O

3

• <

• oo a 3

a 3 00 o

»/) CO CO

< *^ 3 3

^ o z z

«i O CO 00

Uj Z LU UJ

H- ^ O O

O X UJ UJ

^ o. z z

O UJ UJ UJ

> »- o o

O oo CO uO

<

: < -J

(/) u.

Z <

3 «

^ 3
-J • Z
O CL en
CO i/) UJ
O
oo i/> o
•-I ^ ac

•— -I QC ►- »- H-
O ^ CO (/) CO lO
« UJ O >- > •M
Qt 15 Z o O ^

UJ < -. O o Z
Q. H- Q O 3 <

(/) UJ
— I
00 O

Z < -I

UJ »- p

z < a:

O Of

♦- c z

O < 3
OC 3 —
O O QC •
UJ Q.

< < < 00
^ — X

QC Z Q. <

< UJ OO ^
^ o u ->
-. *^ >- o
o o ►- ^

< 3 O >
QC ct "-^ <
U. U Q ^

CO

• 00 00 oo u

Z CO 00 fc- c

O N^ < o <

•-• O CO O <

X i3 > 5: z

O >• O CJ CO UJ

CO X O H- UJ <

•NJ < UJ Q. QC CD

►- «J o > o <

•^ I -J QL Q. Z

Z O O O OO <

CO X

UJ *-<

oo < • Z

> Ui M a. M

• *- • CJ oo • Z

: a z a < o. -*

i 4/> O (/> Of < 00 Z

I OO O Z < Of z z

. < U 3 « O 3 O

Z QC Z »- flt Of

I O Z t- •-• < h- C

Z Z </> ^ -J CO UJ

O O < Z -» < <

_i Z -I a» •-• ^ cx

-J ^ UJ _J O CD H-

< Z O O (/o UJ UJ

Z 13 o O O Ql ►-

57

m • r* * vfi u> o v^ 00 %o ^ <N »o fM r^ 00 r<i r^ ^ «N

• ••••• ••••••••••••••

n ooin^o*- o#n»-oooooo^oooo

• •••••••••••••••••••

«n a» ro ^ f*> »/> vo •- 'n o o *>* r* o o r* «^ o o o

«n^OinOr-s0^rMfM00fl0f^«-U^O^»-«

«<

CO d 5

t4

2 ** ►J w o «

<

M

tnai M •ao.j ^

« <<

n

MMW MBDB »4

HM

H

•-9B M • BBflua V)

iSS

O

i^P (9 O, MO B P

B|4 B (0 omsM i;

MOo BOB .a.

a .

BH

M M

^Otum ^ .en • s i4 H M • o« M

li«^

• Mco«u<< o*i«o*«,^« « o.cn^

«Si

cu o

M Bi<V)B(nM»4Bd in

in nu«<i-»M o « M i< IB < 1^

M

ma

MDB*|B< BSO^i^M

« M V) O H

<B M B O M B O 0« « M 1-4 B
B«<MHOX3MMQI-lUi«

^ M

H ►•*

k4(nviCQO<<HQaiOBU)HH>«i4MOH

M ^

>-OM«e9MM«<t4<MHKt3MW

«*) A U U K «
1 < O O M M

BBXi4«SmB.«MHOMB

1

« »« O O Q 0*<<»M tn »4 H U » O Q H K U flM

1
U

o

< tn

en

Ci U MM*

(n i« m o Ot
MB •< « en

B M • H M

M U O4 M > V)

BW B Cn »4 M •< •

M Q Q B 0«

•4 u s cn o tn

M a B B

« •< H en o o en

*< M M ^ >* Q ¥^
,j M M H » X H

.-I i< Q cn A B en

H B H >« O < M

a i< « cj B h1 u

< B H O M X O

i-i •« eu o o u o

en p i<
B U u

M H M

B « B

OHO

H •< «^ •

a a o«

« Q« oen

en

en en

-< BO <

M B B

M Ben

< H H B

•-) en a

H <H H

U nJ B Q«

< PQM X

08 U B

ft4 u en u

B o« en flu

• M < D • en

flu E u E Oi

en en en en en

B i< M M o

E O M H O •< E

a B B i4 O M en

H O < t.4 B B M
BHH>i-4enHUO

<<MMBcnenH

BBUOBMMB

enM<^OBHu
UH(^ft4en<Ben

o **<^^<*>«**«»^«««oatr<»^r«>«n«««-»in«^oo«*>mr>«(nr^*->oD«-c4«»rM«-«-akm«->v»riv>ciS
• ^ Jl^ J^ ^ * • • ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••

^ oo«noo«r«<M«n«o^«-ino^Oooooooooooo«»^«-o^ooooo<:»oooo

O|«(M00B««*>e0<

^v 01

r «r ^ 00 ,^
> o Oi r^ W

- m

o9rM9^oi(*)vD^^r^^«-oioor^OHrMa>r^rMio«CMrM«oi«i

«n

en

^3
0)

:3
c

•H

O
U

pq

p.
a.

»4 u

M m B

B M M

B cn o

MOM
-9 1-9 «
O M M
;3 B Oi

M

B

U

I »4

I H I

flu
in •

'm vi ^

►J M
»4 < B
B Bi<
H M -4

q < ^

•J B M

u •< e

; tn .

I en i

I B i<

» B B I

< O I

', B B

) 0« O '

> en o I

I o >« I

en

D
O

l»4

I O

M > M en B ■

: B

en

H

en

B
B
B

s

o

B •

u o«
en

o
o

I >« B ^ M M X M
U -^ H

M I

o u )

B

M tn

tn M

O OS

^ o

M 0«

E 'A

-1 U
M r/)

O »>»
"^ H
K M
»« B

en

i< H

B i<
MB m

B in u B
; en M

o M • u

B H > O

B 1^ eu

B u <« tm

• o M B en o

flu • i-i >j o •

Vi M Ot iJi9 B u m €U

M en o < M en

< B < B

^B<<a3<<i«

OC9BBQB^B
U I O Q B Q M O

>aQ4aB*M<S«C9B

4iJB>«{n>*ca>4

as 03 < 7) tA 9^ Vi

in

«< a
» a »4

I D D
I <4 H

t u en
I M en «<

B i4 M

I a m m

I • «< U B

> Oi O B M
I en QIM M

I cn cn en o

> a o o en

I B B E

en cn en en

B B B M
O Q Q H

u B B en

B '4 B
U U U

tn cn en

U

O4 •

tn eu
en

E in

M M
B H

o tn

CO X
M O

B O

H o

tn

< H

cn •<

m

BO U
0«B S

B

H

<

B B M B

B

B

»4 MIM

H a

fk« ,J •

B

B

• u Oi en Oi

M

Oi H «< a cn

E den B h9 E

»j tn tn

B

<

B B M B M M

OMOOBOOH

B

B

M B B tn

OBBQMHBa^

M

;d B M B tn H u

<

M

H < M K tn

OS

u

cn B H M M B

IS

o

fr^ tn Q B

•J B •< B B »J

B

t^ U U H a< < *j

58

O

moocoi/^vo^^QOo<^o»~oooC'oO'noooooOr^coo^rgr-if»r>'*^rnv^oooooOr>ocoo

^ ooooovooor>j«-oooooooooooooooooooooocr»oOo(N»-ooooooortOooo

00

in

■sOf>J^«-'r-^"^-r-s^

W > 3

H 04 V)

OQ < « M

O Z U 1-4

z s < >

O MO

« •< aa

Q as •< <

M Q 1-1 as

< cq M O

od z u X

CM E-t >« < C4

I oa u) cd K

r- H fc <

E

H

CO

3

<n

3

C3

M

< (/) •<

•J

z
<

<n

z a Q CA

M

ro

M

< < H «: o H tn

xaa

< H

•

z

MH < =J^lOE3W

w •-» u

M '/)

>

M

aB< WU UUaBSBaBM

H tn ^ ^

O Z

M en

«MOS Z.^ MMH&I.4M

W M W =3

U P4

< <

M

E M Z

MSf^ teka.^ eecBMUOM

»-• ij • z a<

E Z

^ u

>4

•3 » O

M

OS U (A 0« ID U4 H O h4 O Z •<

• u < a* M

OS O

•< M

< E

E Et U

M

• <Mb3V)Q3 <<OCaO

• cna« z tnoKMWt^

•J o

a s

•

M M en

•^

o«

• OiKiZZ M(A XO04HCQO*

O^MCA MH* ZDMHO

• s z

3 OS

Ou

0«

tn e5

o< (nHUM(n>s •Q<otoo<xo«

U).J •HUCU<SMC9zaS

a< z <

•^ H en M en z

• a

,

z

en i^eaL4<Mi:atn uio

<< •a«<as(Ai-3a503«MUW'*.j

en

E

cu Q

Oi

E M

cowo zQtnv) (/)t/;v)f/5

«2>MOitA»JM .JMMO

as en

«* •<

rj^

en en

en

en

a H

(AiJ<tA<<0 H E33D3<s:

ssooscn •^UBW3:<(a

< <

< U M

M O

M

z a a

E

1^ 1/1

<i^z •JMS^Q•<^l:«:a:z:^4^

M o E b3 an s

M M

M

OS

HOKE

•< a

^ bJ bi

ZWOtniJKOOOMCBVlWWWSM

»<H<3O<<MQSKa«(AaS0S

z •< <

u <

(A

OS en en

E 06 M

X OS

OUs:MH<Q»-iuJSHC4M&)oaC9Z

MH<^M<ze6MSDWM

•< i«

aq OB OS

Q iJ ^

Q U3 ba

ua c-t H ^

r 1

«: O H H J >« OS H U V> Q Q Q Q M M

t^wai-iaasi-iGauzMaHiJi-JidMHcn

u a

g

»4 O Q

z en o o en

OSBH(AO<-1C:a3;A(0<Ub3a)GdaSQ

OU-»U^fc-<H = HXUlMM

M en en tk)

o u

•< < < o ^

Pi] OS ika

iJft3p4>«,Jtq<<OMtg.^ZZZZQM

S8«MMEOflDtnU«<^>«OWUOOCB0BM

ha

OS « as

to M

t9

S 4

H4&)>«lJUfiQ«-4Z^HtUb;MUU<Q:J

w<(i^cnz<OMasL)cj

.jaacA^OMZiJMMHO

«<«<OhJiJOas^

o

H M H
Od U U

M Q

a

S2

^at0SO>«<<SMZMOOUOO3M

as as ad u cd ou

u «< ^

a: bi O

■:ouoUHuO'<»uwtnv)tnoia«

C9CuOZL»0<Uk£UQOk«t«UES:v)

en z

^3 H H H H eu E

z tn

u

eoo(Motfooioineoor>4<oomrM9toino(nomooomooomotAo(niAminoommm9^
v->(Me^9«mr»aDr«4«-\A^M9to^o^e'>tnoif^tfr^o^^(MOr-o(M9«r<>tffMr^«-ooci^«»mooor<^

OOONOOt/>rMCDOOOOevO«009^^0I^OOOOO«-OOOOOOOOOOOOoOOOoO«

9>

^ fn 9^ w~ \f^ \c «- •-'^oo ^o^oiinr*^

r- ro «- ^ »- m

•-^<*)^OCS«-^Ot>*0*^lO«N<r-«-inro<

a

•H

a
o
o

pq

X
•H

cu

a
<

< l< .^

c B n4 cn

B <<

e; c «s s; . ^ s»s

a Q tn «<
U a M <« u

m a HH tn d tn h u vt *m

tn OB UKM < tn H O SB M
K qk h •< k hm tn S ^ OS

H u << M u H a »4 s u

U<M OS Z 19 << M .(nH«< a M »4

ZOZ. MM.Z»aS >«EL> 0«Zi« M

M «c M a OS Q M • < .J H K O »4

oa«aao« (nzoiOBM o«m<< oi^. m

Ui-i«<B azi^ o.oa<4 ositf tn

t-aio^en Ma(n»4'-3«<« hqobh •-«

o> a H M •< a o • tn Q z zz .a •

MS vazu MSBCu MHzMaoen*o<

Mzzz ana Ck, <h oa>ua<

cnoQAitn o«o,i4«<tn(noai(n Hz«<i-4Masao«a

► aWM toi«4o •tn««au ^^J «4tn

M cn<*(n(nb* <m tn •<H^<<o:UEcnQ>

M ^a 04 E Q4 flu -aoieso. >« «< .j

'/)'/) Zflu enzv)en eneu^ cnf-iK en A4

• Q cntntnentntn»J Mtn^czz Etn

0«aEOcn<<E<ao&aE<en-4<MM<<.<aqEEen

Oi zzz aaa aM^u MO*4aca»4

ocac N^aMEBOBaz um SMoaa

V)ZOOO<<EEEBOMM *< TC ^ TS t^ tt ^

M«n«otn^M09tnOMenosoenoas«<-<6.fl80M«^

ozQsasMencnenauzz«<MMO ai-iM

a6HHQMB4z«MQ0au)HBM«<<<«CSV)<asZH«^i<>«QQQXkatkaMMOft3PaZHMU««(d(nU

ta]Qcn»HHM»4Q>4MQ(noH<-)^MMOi-ai-iwena

oeMHcdQauoooosuaBedMos «m<<
oa^<<cnfi4tqMi<OXMi<'4KzQosoez

HM<JCinoQ^JM«:i-M<He.oifc.M'nen>*HienH<o
enzji<>i»JMMa5<enzjai>«i0''.3O0F-«i5MfnMM

sOaszQdMxzzBouuQOUika'kaaaM

«- owfUi-4tjL>a:soUi-aouc>a>«DK<i-4i-4r.j«<)«:OQ>

C4Zf->HE-*^^UMenososa<a'jbazi<<M

EMWMMMUUUOXMCtiZO«C«>«ai-Q8

1 •-4ooxo>*ba<us^uoa5OMa:ubaM0Bz.^Mi<

r* uenuuoua<l-4enuuviuuOQft-EErsfcii<L>c-«
u

i<ciHH(-'2en(nenuuktfU<Ei-iC3cnoiencs

59

r*. .- v^ »i^ 1/^ 00 •- o» * o fM ^ <N fM <N *^ »r> at
• •••••••••••••••••

fM *- n r^ »^ »f> « o *• <M o ^ o o o •- o P*

m o >o o tni^ <N vo »n lo m r* »r> **> «• sp *« <N m^ m »-
<^l a* '^ 9* * f>a r* <*» at «r vfi <N ^ *© m '^ 'n r-. ^ *n St «

v6>Ar4aococrvooao«vA.
#n f^ *

jt sA 00 o

r-00w0(Nc0O9O^«*f*^«
r" •" «• ^» 00

o
rM

en

U »4

• m M

flu M • «

M U CU M

• 03 to tki

a* CO M

VI itf U B <

a 9 M

CO O <« H H
H C « « <
»4 O m M ^

<o H < o •a

>«i Of flO M Ba
tt U ^ < 08 eo
I Q ai » H •<
r^ O U •^ flu f-i

I
<J

o

O4 CO
CO -«

< M
^ U

09 a

H M

CO H

04 «

a 19

CO
H
CO

CO a •

a K i

> 04 M I

I C9 iJ (

I 09 o :

IM cu <

I ^ O '

\ M (
; O CO

O CO
H H
08 O

n M

O a
a 03
M o
O CO

fid o
Q a

•< D
S CQ

o»<

CO CO

o o

m E

CO CO
H M

Q O
M 03

a a

H 03
U U
CO CO

CO

H

CO a

Ma o

08 01 K a

03 a o a

a O a kd

U 1^ H a

CO O a D
03 a H

O U re >*

m a

o i« a o

H o 5J

1^ a OS O

M << o U

03 1-9 03

U M i< a

a c9 « 03

^ •< H 00

03 a M a

04 (M H C9

03

• • t w

Oi (^ Of • >

(n to CO Q4 M

CO o

a CO «<
s < ^ < a
M a .^ M o
a O 03 H H

03 a H o a

H o o a a

en »-3 ^ o O

in o »-3 (J B a

I iJ < X O M

f^ U a U a Q

I
u

o

to

M

to to
a H

03 to

a >t
o u

S.I

a H
u <

< ij

M a

a (9

•< i<

1-4 ^

M 04

w o
•< a

H cu

Q CO

a

D <

a ij

M J

a a

M I

a a ;

S 03 I

M a
H a

< u

m on

flu •

(O O4

to

04 Q u a

Q M

o o
a M
03 a
•-] w
(9 su

Ot a
CO «<

to H
i< *-3
a O
O CO

to a

03 o <o
a a M
o ►• H

04 a CO

CO i< »

o J u
o a o

^4 U O

CO

M

a

•at a

H O

CO i< O4

Ma M
n4 H a

i4l to H

a a • M
M a flu u

U M CO

a h4 <

M CO M

u •< << a
M a M
^ a o H
a •< a a
ba iJ o a
< u H a
a u flu s
«4 a >4 u
a < a <
^ H Ui-4

CO
<< CO

u o
a iJ a

9 «c a
a lu o

M tM

a CO

M a <
aa J
to »J
a M a
O o a
a o o
o a M
ana
•< to 03
a M H

Ba CO
a <

(M 9o^^(^^ln'n«flo«^9»acotf9«a99«9«o«^^«r^o^»^>a(n(nflO9oor«fn0^c^al/>r•o

Ok ^o<^^^ao<*)f*>^*>r^^»o*"^^»o**r*'OoocM^oltffO(M^l/)«OlO«*^f*)flooo«*oo^

• •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••■•••••••

«*i ooo«r*"oi^tf«*>ooooooooooooooo<Nooooor«moOoooOf«>(na

a> V- fn ro « «

a
o

CO
CO

a

•H
4J

a
8

a
p.

a

B
9

CO
9
(3

•4

•4

B

CO << i«

0^ Jh • CO

BB

CO CO

i4 *^ • •«l M M

f4 >m (OMacoio

9 U

(^ CO M ^ f4 CO CO

coH 00 mS m i^aco

«< UM UaMMB

U •!

a i^a M<<<D«i«

M 9

MCOBBM«««e MCO C4M BMB

• m ^MM ar9oaHO

a a<

*4MDaE(jM CM Mm Maa

0* to »• B M vOS l-i CO a

a

2 u B a M < «< H << ^ u Cd

COM • U*-I0«<'9*C0S9

•

«< B

aMfc,WO»4UMB .^O 9MOS

M^3a Ma9M&oo<90t cuoa

co**a o«* cocoo*eo9M>auao4a9

MO«O«C0M C0O«*DM9 OlA Ot^^^COAiM*

UHMi«B.«aUto^cA(>n i^a^

• N9coco«4ik« • coe«ao<de «ui-4

coao.a<a.jMiJitf<c a& cnutji-i

flui« a cucn cocoa atotna to

a

a to

M»3 ,^ COaHtOi<tOMC09 Q

CO » a a i< CO < i« a a m 9 9 m < « s

9

a <

^r!5M*»-'C9M9MMCj9CJ<<

^^2***^ a E H a -^ M M a
< tj a a < < < CO M to a tn aao
a4HM^aeaeac:kSS>ik<r^:u^«tf^k4

099aM a^<Q 9H8a9M^a

a

9 a a

^ M M a CO i-i M < a H to CO a 9 co h a q« 9

•4««aaBQi<MaMaaMHUUM<<<<uacoHcoH

9aHM>«»4HOHUHM.(OOOQa.4MO

«

cooaM^aa;.^Mi-iMi3ao»^r^a^^n

uoHoa»jinHO(OtoUi<aaaQMaa

MxtoMi<a»Na.i->i^MXMaasac90a

a

<<>«•<

^04«<euMt/^tincA^ain<aik]Ci»^»-iflQ

3

•i4f4aaoaa^r9r)°riO<Mb3&3i^w&ar«t>«tn

a»04Oai^acj>«(>HK<90«03az<<a
i«aijaa««0axMa«aauu>^a90

<

M tJ to

ljaHco<Jj^H'jO«t^'»«<<a

H M

a^uo*uHOucja<OiQ#atototoo40itoiooQy<QHtKiBaH*j5acotooiCQ

60

, ••••••••••••••••• •••••••••

J 0^?i04rS««SS ^ IT « 00 ^ w^ m *^ iMici o ^ ^ fg ^ -4 tf> ^ ^ <M f« ^ h- «*> ^ m -4 «^.^ ^ ^ o o "^ m — -* -4 •rf.M

J! iCcCo^Nf^OOMO •*' O ^ -# «^ *^i•-l/^ <Ni -«0 tf> -^ O -« O C O C O ^ C O ^ O O OO O «Ni ^ »e i- -2 o oo o o oo

00 rsi ^ «4

3 D 1

D K i/^tT! ^ >*«/) U.C5* ar — ? or»-

*-^ Tar xir o^^rJ^ <<.-uj r-i<x"<3ar:a'«A^-*i/^.

j^ az» res a»r«»-a. o. DS3a.a» irtDviirzc z^-za za>zz

O >uja a^etf- </'&uau> i/^i/) zz'Obrcei* •»-a^:D ^<'*czo< »-u.: ^a

» ocori'«'2H-^o.

'N^ CKac*r>-u.o

5* ^

61

^ ^ ^ ^ ^ -<

^4

! .5

[ UJZ

U.< g

5S

I
I

.°«

M oc u
O tt ^

ac z>

Ui M oc

z o.
o <

?£

< O

^ ^ — • O

o »/» ac • a **

« uj < a «/) ^

o o o • «/) ui

gi/) .^ a. (/></)

UI 3 i/l </> ^

M k. ^

> —
o
« uj X

»- Z 3

< oc z

12*

OZ^OO,'^"-"-"' o z z «/> ►-

f3Z«/> «<< <Z»/)*-
'^'*'^'OZOt-«-IZ-

a < «
• (/) oc
a o <
«/) < M

< »- QC «f

K a M ^

O UJ (/) M

3 -J <

z o Ui ot

< Z Z U.

Z

z o. •

(/) :

z

o < :

< »-

«/»

^ •< UI

</) a. u. (d

Ui i/> QC

Z (/) • Ui

uj «/) 3 o. > e

U, < Z • 4/) M i
Z (/) Q. o

< O UJ «/) < 3

- z o -* z :

tf Q O t/> -J O •

< o oc •-• uj >. :
«i >- >- ^- ►- « •
^ z «/> i/i a A
ut « M > ^ O
(O^^OO z

< T Z o >- *-

^ u < o o o

UJ (/)

z >

oo

oipc

•MfD

ac<

UI JC

& UJ
</> Z

O

ou c

« Z 9
OC*-C

u. e V

UJ ec

Ui t/i

4E Q

C ^» <«> N «M

a

•H

a

O

a

eS»»

f

8

• >- >UI <

O. UJMik «

— ac X
« 9 a. ^
« a*e ^
Z 30UI
V> UJ ZOD
O flC-«<

HI

Oi/»

ii

a. «

< 111 :
o^ I

Z.J

.2S

.< o<

) I
«/»«/) I

zz:

UJ UJ •

1

I'^m

X I

.Si

'a

IG

«/>^UJiU>Mi/)«>«

<^Ow«/)«^Ou^U.

Z

o a.

a. •- •

«/> o a. </>

< « UI

->S oc u
a« o oc
» oo z 3

a.
• «/»

a.

"-»

< z

-i!

U4>><zz^ — oc
a(/>z««(/»zo

9%

O (J
2J<Z

> — o
oc oc

< < o

^'i Z ^ UJ

»u O — <
«i- O oc

o < < ^

^ M oc UJ

^ o u. »>

« oc

?s

a. uj

< z

t/) Z

OJ 3

u z

UJ o

M <

</)

9
I

s

z «/» o a.

u • UJ oc «/)

I/) a. z • UJ

UJ «/) UJ a. > </)

o u. wi •^•- <

oc z _ a. o z

O 3 < Z «/> Q

< Z Of •- < o o

kuo 2 ^S « >

U O ^ O < CD Z
Z Z UJ •-• oi o <

< a. o oc < z y
oc >• < u; z *" Z
(^ z ^ a. < o o

. Z «/>

izo

z ^

2$

z o

u oc

in

Ui «/l

O UJ
Ui ^»

►- z

«/) UJ Z

oc Z

oo

z z •

«/) «/l Z Z (/)
UJ )< )C <

z^ z zu<

so 3-J*-

oc ^ (A </>^ O
< UJ Z ^ O UJ
ZOUJ UJ ^ O

UK UJ UJ o 3
o-ioc a F o

O U. O O O z

z
o
►-
o
oc

O oc

O UL

62

IT ffi^'Of^ ir\ « • O" «A ^K ^ IT 9 «M fM « flC (mC f^ «D i»s ^ m « ^ ,^ir 1-4

• •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••

•^ e cc ^• iii** o» «>< 1^ ^ c c c -^ "^ c — ^^ #M c ©c c c ^ c c c

«• jS J «; c* .C ~- ♦• *• e* ^ -• ri N* o* / -• e* e*

i^ <# •

<03^ i

*-<< O K <

O «« 19 K ^

Ou. 3 4/> < u?

• << oc • u« z K

>3MUjaz • ^ tffi

93 < «/>uj a u a >

?</»«/}</>«/> M o

3SO»- T — -I Dz

< uiflc > S < ui z z >

oai«/»OK^o<oa)
uiz^ocaui^AMO

I P u2m oc « > z S*^

8

Z

o

s

• a. D :

X

fSafx.:? =

'**g5t2

(/)

OC'O

u. o

3 •- « ^ « <

« ►- < «i ot (

00(

U QC C
Z U. I

) o o
i ^ ^
t at ui
: r r

> «

o I

u
ec «/)

1 Kl

a. ^

2 z »- < <

o « <
lU QC UL

< o o
» 1 1
H & 0.

«/)

•
(/> u> Ol
^ 3 «/>

Z X

(/» «/J «/»

Ui UJ •-*
Q O »-

01 UJ (/)

z z >

UJ UI O
(->U O
*/> i/) o

a <

< >
— < o

w ac <
o < ^

UJ ^ Ui

o QC a

«/) u. U.

3 . (/>

UJ • Z CK

z o. »« UJ •

Ui (/) O > Q.

u. •et «u>
(/> a "- o

< < V) u <
- 2 Z J

QC C?«/» < O J

< X *- Z > Ui

^u>- UI a^

^ ^ «/> < ttO

Ui a. > CO o ^

OD >- U < ZU

»- o o < ou

a u z

-_ ..2

t/t a K MO «

Ou <
CZ«i;

uu.
u.

r ^z <

Ui O

so •

CO 1

o

Ui

z
at

Ui

a.z
«/» •-

z<

%

C9 •
O tA

a
u <

3

U

s

3

►->^^ui«»-juij-i^

3f£

UO.

OU,<Ui</)«M^MM^
rU0C^MO</>OOM

U. ^

M Ui

ss

a. o

•" •--2S--'*-«*»--o"S«'-oe*'iee'e*o*o*o'c*e*o*eo*e*-*

«
»

«4 *« » MMM <# ^ ^ ^P4

T3
(U

c
o
a

pq

u < «A M

^ •£ - «

Ik a^i/i < 3

• MUi z «

»^ C S • ■* • UI

?«A«Attia u^ > •
«/> (A z M o «/i a

^ *rfF ^^iw — « u5

«/»»» s ^o^os v»u

!<>> ^c u<« z^>

2 « z« > zuiMM<
<uo^- u< a. o zz

o

u <

z
<<

MO UI

«/> u

» > &
t ux

► ■••Z <^^M«_

z a. M •« «M««/)

Z Ik «^ «/l o

00 UI
UiUI F

ZZ «/)

8 UI

U ^r-> f

885!

•#< UI

Uf Z
0< A.

^u>

Z>u

a va

i/>s!ui!Sf
<«zw

a. </>uQ

< ^"- ^

« «JUi ^

5UJ UUJ
0ZO
A. z «<

5> » -<
u u. u.

I

2 ^ S S

^ < UI z B

Z •M^Ui«o z*

<«/»zuiW_<<i«'^'^zz
^.3PZZ^M z<o5

^r*Zfcz^uj<z«-^5of
«i^^**Ku«^^«jMiaiD«*iui

•I«^0(/I^«DOm<«UK»»

63

m* m^ m*

M^ <^ ^ •

««rM4'^aoiM^fvj(>4 ^nra ^ oi iO

c

o
I

3

o
u

ZO< Q
UiUI Z r

3

U) OC I/)

i<

O

OOO u Z

> «
o z

>>

z z

o ae u o </>«/»•
K lij p ti, ui :

o^ & • •«/) z<
acz<<aa.3iiit

•i-»-*-Z3-IO«-
CL et ec o*"^ mt o ec *

<<< — ziuz<;

MMM UJO O Z ^«

Ik (c a. a o (/> H> «

< <

«

u^

«z

$

<Ui

« M

U.O

< or

«

oc

•

•-<

</»UJ

a.

*-z

Ui

i2

</)

^OD O

•

OO

s

</> o a i/) •

i/» «/>

UJ

iO^ Q.

oz

Z«/)

«/>«/>< o o <o

k«

ec> acM,^

►• ?^

UI

HK

MU»«

</)</> U «/> A

«/»►- Q

>• >►

i

«o

ou

i^;

-i>-a

OOflC

UiOC z

oou.<ozo<

a z o
uizps

•-OZZ
lU O UiUi

z Ui oa

X < UiUi

u 0^ zz

at H* ujui
•■< Ui OO

z
u

z •

3 • a t/>
•- Q. «/>•*
tt «/) «j

Ui (/I <
<«/) 3>
Z < UO

a z <J
i/> o o <

UK ^J CL

> o og
^- -J o z
u -i « a-

M < z z
o z u<

z

!i/ i

< u «
M a >< <

< « DU D
*- ►- Z
Z V < < «/>
•^ U a^ -J Ui
xe u cj J o
^ or Ui u Ui
u« z z M z

^ tt. >> > Ui
" " Ui «/>

19

Z*/»

»^««^

» • • • • • ••••••

m •*^M^©cc©*^ire©e©eSepSmeem^c©©o©*2oo©

»4 « « «

IT

z

< *-<

(U

K? ::2 Si $

3

•H
4J

O (/)< o o u

s ^5 .&-• <:2

a

> UIUCLC^ •«/)<

o

•r •u. « «/»o^a. o

S

:;2^i2^::i-

PQ

>•-.< Z Z< iiSu<5

b<

u>^.jUiM^acoeo^

'2

5P</»^<o*«uxuiM

4-

C>>Ui«>«p^SZO

a

1

^0<Zuiaf<3ciac

0)

*>!

00^<^vk 04^U.

CU

B*

1

<

i/>

Z

u

«/) •

UiCL
O */»

s.

uo

3«

z!
© !

Ui u>

X •*

Z P « S z«-«
«*i •5i/>o «•-

> O^ mm Hi cc •^ yj •
• Mt/ietOOZcKO.
a. © Ui K M ,/)

«/> <<5<zu

z^z M o <

«/«0.j& <acoc<M

•-•>-u*</»»^<©Z^

i^a^OUJ^u^iSu

UI

ru

UI

<x

9

!;

u

u.

9«/»

©ZH>acH>ac«iiu.'ui

i2

^ _ u ^

©•il«/>AO>W*«<<UI«/XUJOOU^*«

-•ui>u^^>ZOaettOOzz»Zzo

^ K A O ZUU< < N* < p ^Z > >M Ui '

I

^ < 3

C»^^**ocatMuzo

OOUOu.tk»»9z

UiO

z <

Z I

S^^l^Z

5 • •

z o. a

Ui

O z < •

03«.

uot
t/t a.

>- o

§2

Z O < Z< O 3
Zu«i)CMai»a

I .i )c
Ui z

. O UI

z«^ o

UIO z
UlUi z

o u. o z <

»-> « o

M «. ^

>£ «/» ^
zo-*
<u X

«J ^ at
oi ^ O

or Ui ^
at z p

3>"S

64

^ Nfit • «ffstc « • K « m ^ c a m m^

• • • • • • « ••••••••• aj*

v««4 ■« Ml

• ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••

l»i4*i4,»4«V^C(Mf^flDfN4«^^<M^t-4C •«>

o o o *-**A< a

O Ul <Z^ •

o 3 ^ z
«/»^u z o

< M

2r z

•- ^ «

s:<>.^<zzc

Z ^'

s ^

: w

Si

«/> z ^

z o

olz :
o o (
< — i

. o.v»

M M C« .*> ^ < O Z

^ < < z v*< « w

I « oc •-« 0< z uu X

•c u. UL o OH- < a o

^u»»a.ai^0LUi

o
a ^

« < U. lU Ui Ui k.

Ui QC I " --^

o »

• o

So

z

?;

) <
I Z

z

UJ

o

3 <

i

o

• a
> a (/>

'§2

• Ui a.

^ «t GD <

*« X c>

I

I -

: o o

■ •- x.

a: u.

UJ ^

Ui

• z

• < O. UJ
O (/} Ol Z «/>H>

< < U) u (/>

-J 3 Z «/» 3< C

-» O C U- < —

uj>za^-j<z<
^-awu-JocoQc
oeD»-aoo(/>a
«JOQi.</>»-)UjKjai
oz>-o>z»-z

O O O ^i z </> z

: 00 —
: > QC

I W UJ

' o»-

> UJ lO

-_ too
> « -J -J

3

o •

i/> tt ^ o.
«/» t'j o «/» »^

a • ;
uo a. .

O i/)
-I 3

< K
u. <

z

03

— z
o^

X z

I

rv t/» «
s/i — I
O *- «
>> (/) i

^ > i
o o
*^o
o o

UJ O

o u

UJ 3

o z

O «/)

¥^ O
(/> UJ

^ UJ .

z O (
< «/> :

^ Z (/)(/> -J

o
< a

Of o

MUJ

«/> <

Do:

X

o
• «/» t/»

c

<>s

QC O

a < *-
«/> OC UJ
O Q O
u. Z z
o a <
-« z a-
z < u.

z <

< Oi Z

o — •-
3 -i< O

"> o o o
M a. M a.
fi o ^ <
^ o
»/)«/»►-

D 3 — ^

z z «

i/i IJ> < QC

UJ UJ a: 4r
u o — ^

UJ UJ i/) M

z z a -v^

U< UJ ^ <
O O UJ tt
c/» «/» X U.

^ c^•^«M«w^^^^ooooccc^-ccctf^ecoce

N |«\ ^4 #i« ^4 (^ ^

O

z

Q)

c

•H
U
C

o

O

PQ

13

a.

I

iA <

i/>

3 O

<

■M

K

3

<

H-

«/)

<

<

l/> «/» z

«/)

<

<

s

Z
Ui

xas

s

ss

Si

^ M OJ •

«/) or OO.

z
u

!*

S

ss^

o z

UJ

<

«

t/>

►-

«

u.

z •

«/>

*•

• z

K

UJ

•

OZbO 3

Ul 3a

UJ o a UJ

></> &

et

•- 3 O

•

•

^

H> «/>

C ac

»/!lt

^

<

«/) OX Z

CL

a.

-J

« V

or

"•

'^ o z

(/)

(/»

o o ^ «

*/»

i

<

<

Z Ul

^

UJ

-1 c «

3 —

z

«J

00ZZ<ZUJ^Z

«^

<

-*ac i/»

n

r^

^

a

ac c

i/»

o

/-»

SS?

■»

if.^<

MM

>

±-

u.

••

Ott

UJ

K

^

Ud

UJ

^-j

H-

III

>• ►•

UJ ^

3

ae

o

cx

^ o

•i

< o_i

«/>flDZ O

M«

< (/)

Ul'

<

Ul

Ul

1^ z»-
S UJ a.

4.rf

*m %U

> u< ^ o oc »-

Z'

r

19

l»

4r

z

OCflD O Z

uj< o -

f

O < K ^

> or oi Z

Ul t/» 3 1/) Z UJ >
o o u « -« ac <^

(^

<

a ►-

-

r o o

u.

hm «

v>

o

X

s O o

z

O </> ""

OH 2 • •
z< A. a a.

< o < • «/) «o •
•j-« o a. & •
*/» -J «/} z «/)(/> a

•-ai < 3 »- (o
O — «/i nc K <

< /v — f- »/^ — t
af<.^U:t/)>.X-J
•-•(X ^^<WW«|

tOC •-•oocc«/>o

0UJ0^3UJIM.-.

^z<a<oi. >

iAJ^C — >-_|^<
Xt/»U.'3t/)C5Z2

oc **

oj o CL «/} a.
u. ac </* <«/)

— z

< O Z w<
^ 3Z -J

ar < — O-j

< z z 5 u.

-14m •• >> 1^

.«« o X c

U. AT M < ^

f^ £ < or ^ o
I < Z a; X >•
^ ^ < a oo

ZO
UJ Ui i

OOC*
KUi I

o>-

« z
o**

3

<

3

o

o. oc

> < • < a o
_: 3 a «/» H UJ •« i
< ar«/» 3— ^
-I X ^

>•
ro

CO (

< ^ .
ac oc I
(^ u. ^

• ^ <

' *'» Q

V^ X

> O w

I Ul H

'' z a

I UJ >

) o a
»/» o

«/) o

Ui I/)

O

c «/»

** >

is

< c

>
»- a. <

3 «/) I

z^

O — '

a> Ul
og

•- O

r z

<o :

cr < •

** «i (
</> u. «

OO

z
o
I «/>

. • Ul

: a. o
I (/> oc

I o

r X

a oc
o u.

65

a 00 y^ fM ^ ^
C ir <M (M i^
c rsi

^4 CO rsj .lO *-< »

I -< »0 rsi ^

at

Ui

t/> a. o

UJ «^ • • «
z a • A. •ui
ui i/> «o a. «o a >

Ik < I/) l/)M

— X Z3 — — Z

OC 3 O — Z U*0

^o z z»« z>
«J > w*^o u «

^Z ^ OO at CD

m ^ a -*z 3o
I < Xat ifi *»-M

-I a.

< i/>

>.

at
oat
X o
a ^

z z

o

S|

ii

< u.

3 Ui

Z Z
«0 O

Ui <

zu

o —

oz
« <

fit < (
^ at '

(/)

> */> •

. 3 Ol
O «/)

o<

o z

Z CJ

z

QOt .iM^^^^

Z »-

at uj
u. z

(/> o

> -J

O O

X u

UJ ^
«/tZ

a I/)

< {

< M (

-< X I

u. at

z ^ a
t/> O «/>

UJ U)

O ^
o «/» ^
ot •- »-

»- ^ u

(/)«/> UJ

^ > o

^ U 3

ZOO

<o z

mm U

9 Ot

(/>

Z

UJ z
a. • a.

5.5

•oi 3 0^
-J ^ »-
OL at VI

*^ < <
Z z ^

Q. «/> UJ

z u o
< u o

«/1 ^

< -I

(/> ac

> <

o ^

UJ< O

o <

o o o
a. «/) z

O D

< at <
i/» at *- z
33 I -I
Z Urf 3
to •! Z

oi a. 3 «
C3 o Ma

UI »» ^ o

Z < < Ui

ujz at Z

O > UJV

(/>o u </)

o »-

«/> UI (/>

*- z ►
z at u
ot U.'

Ok O UJ

u. z ZK
^ »> -J

*-<€«/)«!
U. M UJ U,'

« ac C
< < <
a. ^ «^« -I
Om UJ u.
oiO a s
z< o z
>> at Q, M
«/> u. (/> o

c e* e o' J e* c* -' c* c'o* e c* e* c* e* o c* c c* e* c c* e* e* e* e c* c e c c* c o* c c* c e e* o* c c* e

CO ^
lA

3
Z

CCr^rn 0-4 9^ ir\ m^ 9-^ its t>t ^-4

^<-4f-4y>Oi»>«OJCMCM

o
a

PQ

a

(U

ex
ex

o

3

U> ot

I o

o <
«/>3
UJ o

o
at (/>

O 3

< (O 4

UJ < at *• ;
^•- .►- -J
K at lo <
»- < •* UJ Z

• ** K Ui X **
u ^ M* o UJ o
*> .jnt iL. a

»/»C O —
r «^ (/> tt < o

* UJ sA t/t a. <

^ o *- *- < 2

aj O Orf H- ^ ^ i

I
O

o

or o

u. »

' Z i/» i/» J <

) UJ >. > UJ ^

J UJ o O <

iqt O O < Z

UI

at •

U^ • Q.
> CL iO
•- I/)
O Z
Z 3
Z 3^

a mo

a. o c
u - r

Z QC UJ

-'PkSO^Z — UJ^
vj'-5oo>-<c:a43

(/> •

< a

Z(/)

i<

O -I
o ^

> UJ
a. OL

< 3

X X

a

• «/»
a 3
(/> o

< —

O

z
at
o

OL ^ «/*
t/) ^

UI

z
o

OO.
a </>
u

<!9

) O o

Z •-• (

< -J«
-I < .

— < 3K

z o. z <

3 X

O Ui

— 3 2 ac

^ "^ C *4

C a z ^

UI U O M

O K «i O
3 t/> J <
CJ < <
Z X

< a

> 00
O

O u.

< >
a, ac

U. U. o Z T

CK 3

o. >

z <

< z

U. 3

•- z
-J«o

M UJ

u. o

o

< QC
X ►-
CJ (O

UI »«

z ^

>- z
t/) <

I z 3 «o

— < to

..• z -«

z at «o •

-* < CL a
z oto

(O o

Z 3 <^ Z

O Z O 3
at tO o "«

O Ui o c
u< O .J*-*

< oi > Z

at z »- a

►- it^ o o
UJ u < Z

»* i/> u a

to

UI «o <

2 is

u ^a UI

Ot z
• O OL

> Z UJ

• • < • o z

a. OL 7 a. .^

(O to V *o t/>

3 ^ <

to to < a: (^
— — < X to sx
UJ UJ at UJ u. <
Z ^ U A c ^
3 C UJ Q UI »-•

^ -i z 2 z ^
a u. > •« UJ <
-^ «- to 2 o a

3 3 K «0 u.

U

to ^
•- z a •

-13 3 0.
> «

O 3 Z to

3 3uj

«i at X

-* X ►- ►-
Ui ^(O Z

U M < <

z o -z

< — O X
X. UJ UJ u

u. 2 a «T

66

•-*J^»^C »i4C<-4<

s -

«M O *« fM iri fNJ fv

e^rM^i-4i-4m»-««i4^^

I « •^ »^ <4' fO

«/) < a

Ul Z (/) •

2 •*• • a

uj A.U autv) • •
u. lAoe «/)< o. a

•- Z(^ «/} «/)

^a ^Sz<x
■«zzui5z^-'
^o< o z >- uj< <

QD ac < o^> 3«/>

T «**Z > X OC OO .

i X £

' ?^

. X Q

» z o

> Moe
: X u

I z < t

> o —

) QC a I

: a < •

• U4 ^ »

>- o
O uj

— o

< >

• X

a. D

«/) •-•

> at

. (/>UJ

'?5

r (/» a
I CJ «/>

>QO

• C

a <

3 —

^a<oooxo<^u.wXi

r o s ''^

i Z ^ Ki

«/> O

isi X

< <—

»-

«T

»- «/»

«l

*0 UI

i/> < tr z

*- o

,z a

Z »-• or < Z LLi

a -1 < <

< X

<3-i>~ "-UJZ •

UJ < w z

U QU

1 u. — »-

z u

r — zuj ^ a. ^ •«/)

u o tX.

3 U» •

X Z '^ X •»-aiOCL

\r. • u^. z • <

oi a

3*-ouja,^>QCt/>»/>

uia.3<ax • •

< • < u)

^ZkU.(O^^U <

o*^x ^t/:0Q.a

a ^

— O Q i/>Z

to

a to to 3 */) to
a « '^ *^ (/) to

uO iO -i to

ZZO<Z(/) <<o

^

3 UJ •«

OC -3 Z-ZX

^

^o < x<«ox<z^

ara:<cc — woT«-3Q

UJ

<r-iC <Z»03«

Wb to X O lO

CCJZ<Z^><XCO

— U>QtOt3^ — »-

OC Oi UJ M V

ojujiD^MH-oc ^w>

aj»->-^X*-QCCja<->ZaLC)

<<<^Ct«/)oDM»>ar

ZO0(/)</>O</><Ui

a. UJ a UJ Q

»-»-'<aDaoZ«v^

Ui

Z-i**Oj>-a.o»ozeDi-uj

aJ

«»C>>< -J-JUU>30uj*-«00

uituz<ujo — acQC I a

ac>-zuj<3000oa<-i

»->-<>-acou.ooOu.o< «^xoux

»>^ to H- o

N <♦ <00^ «4^0 9 <# «M«>«« IT .M* «D «M« K ^ ^^ fM^ -i^rw

• ••••••••••••••••••••••••••

• ••••••••••• •••••••••••

ssi

0)

a

•H

o
a

•H

a

►- < to

(O < < VJ »->

-flc • <z xii ^ ^

to 3tO

• -IK ao- 3<->.

H- a at

«fc <«0 tO*«o XILtfVJ

to UI o

3 < tA.

ft. *-zot • •</> •za • a z «o hujui «

O X

<O(0 •uuitoa. a 3 a< < 0. </>- 3 • — oh •<

<a.<

< a.Qcu. 40»oo»o-ioto X X a .^a -if Q. o
2^»/»*- x_ to to to to to 3 3 J to J
Q< ^ '-XDX < ^X -< to ^UJ Jo«j 3
TZ<^--3-»03 i-W»3QX iu<>

^ to ^

to ^

^ < X Ui

-1 -J 3 ?

ui 3 fit ^

O O H —

«• lO ac

lt:«<-iOOtJIH.tO— 00<tO<tO«Ou. toax«<uj

^?'*-. •i:^*^ — '^a»*'»'3<^-iiija. — x>>'j«M>-

uJ O ^ >>

j>-;<5ujQctjujO^< ^OH^tootijZH><
xofc iz<«juj>'^juiaf ««iuiZucC*-— •-•
oot^<>>c9a o«/»tjxu.xo»-<tjcoc zc

^ < UJ to

ft. 3 CJ <

O ^ tJ

< i
• •- .

• • (o • < :
• a a> • a.H> «
a to (o a to lo — (
to to < ^ 4

X to z «o3 •
X 3 < < C — <^ <
3— Z ^ ^ ».

— y C -i C to to

r — X UJ o > —

— C w ,»- >> «J ^

o c ♦- o « c «/»

M ^ <X ^ « UJ >

ae uj > w ^C u

UJ ^ QL > X ^ o

-* to
o

o
no to

>3

• — — O UJ

-I C to to < o — ^
* - Z >> ft. < a

UJ K UJ ft O

«» as »- O ►-

00 u to X <

< z o a. X

z ^ ^ z >>

< Q O <T ■ J

«o <o
3ui
X c
to T

U UL
t« »-

^ to

u.i

to a. ^<

< (O Ui •» '
Z '^ 3C ,

o < < « ,
a: OC .^ -J I

[ — 3
I or
J < <
' -i &
I o

§3

to to

- 3
z

:*x^ujcoouj«irf

to <

-I z <

< > •

X »o :

' a. X
a. o

<c z .
< > I
*- to !

to Ui

o z

67

^ CCC.^CA<CC<^CQ
• •••••••••••

•••••••••••• • •••••••••••••

5S*S!R~SS'

i^^mfoc *Mcv.«^f-4^<^

I

u

o

or ^ JC

«AliU o
Ul oc

Z«/» mUi m

liia a. >a
a «/» o a.

UKUI Z < 1/)

< OC O M-O ^ «/>

< ^</> o c o </)

< « ^ « j?o o

5<Z Ui^>' O

c

!

» A. O

a 3
u. w

z
oo

OC Z tf 7 UJ </)

►- lii ►- 3 Z «

«/> O «/> X u o

^ or UJ M ^ z •

U •OivZ zooo.
< a.>a.uj *-««^i/>

-i •</)Mt/)U. aXO

a. o o. < (/)

<l/>Z Z'<«/>Z<m3
^ 3Z3— 0*-X«

5QC>-z<"^o<aiui

ZQC0O^'<OU^

3

< «

u

8

> ^ UJ

i 3f «

- Z 3

f < S —

' z > r

J UJ a M

J < Oj o
i (O u -«
5 < z a

[ ^ •^ Ui
• < Q Q.

Z ^

ee tt •

< <■ ca

XT a </)

GD CD V)

3D «/>

</> 4/) t/) <
*/» < Z

t/) «/> UJ 3^ O

« —OC U X

»- r- o at w

i/> «/> O^ I.J H>

> > ^ ^ Ol

O <j O -J >-

O C O < a

O O "Ni X^ o

a. •

»/5 O.

-J 3

O <

^ X

z »- —
UJ (/> or
z > Ui
oo z

t ^
O Ui (/)

QC H> UJ

• o * c

a <

o ^

wJ ^

< O

>- >

o t^ >-

> U UJ
O O »- 2

QC O *ff
< < —

< z^

ac •-• on
u. r> UL

3 —
^ z

• < OC M

a a. « o

Z </)«/! </)i/i
«J Ui Ui < 11^

X c a*- <^

So o ac ** <
a ac « X -i
> »- H- ^ o -J
X «/)</> M (/> UJ

u < < u. z u.

*f o

X X

a. o

U^ Z

zz •

< «- D O.
Z t/^

-J < z
O M a# <

It *^ •-

< < a »-
& -J w u

M I u.

01 O LU (S

Z < 3 5
> at «i 1.

t/) U. (C X

js Jt sT ji^ji ^ jf *^ ^ jt • • * ••••••••••••••••

^• c o* «# »r • «

« ***•**•*•••••*•
-• 3'^cc-e-t^^ric'^cccc

9 (^ -4 ^

♦
«

4-

a

o
o

5IS

z z

O ac

UJ **

3S

ujor

Ui >

u. ^

o

mZ

«/) ©z *f •

• ^ •- K a.
a. «/)i/>o -• I/)
i/» < a. .^ •

^ ? «2— o a vn

Z C < 0«/t (/)M

^ ^ O «* «/> t/> t/»

Z C T S' •- M V

•* ^ W UJ K •» O

e y ^ < i/> t/» c

•- < -x C- > > u<

OK ^ > < U W C

UJ X ft z o c -J

a o o < o c o

r.?i?*^-<>«i' >

o

mi

'^ ►- T" UJ or mm

u.

i or c ► K (/> o

** O U Z UJ 3 <

Z < *^ K O 2
**«3<^ • Z <*«9

TvOc/»

xao^ & • — <^a&

v»

^*/v_j4<j«/)»/)a -» «/-'«/) ir.

UU «JJ<

Z -* UJ -J ^ wo < j< 3
OX — Z-J-i^ — 3^<<X

O < ^ </)

^ Z -J U;

-<r^Z'"n;ujy<o' 3 — ^t**

a. c UJ ff

t-i""U •"Lj<^U.'^<<f^k»Vil.

»-xj-CJuiao« z-j-jQci = Oo

•/J t:; o a.

<<*-ii';rZC3aJ»-Q«ijj»yiLj

Z ^ >■ w

aiO«<ft aa ►& >3o— o

^xo^^'^o oo»-uu.«/»cfrzvn

o< v^

•!« Z

< H* Ul
U. (/) o
Ul • /y
t/> Z o> Qi •

sui (/) > a

X U. •- «/>

«i Ul < « <
-»Q- r Z ^
uu c ac 3 r J
U « < X > u.<
»- ^ w a K
Z «/) ^ ^. er r)
u. — a, a c ^
U4 V x< > z o
a z < ac ••>•
O < ♦- o — VJ

I
o

z
o

• •-

•

oo. z

a

o

•

a

</) ••

(/>

•

a

a o

X

•

a

«^

tn

a

s

«/)

u

o z

(/)

3

<

S O

*-

«/i

<

•w

a

»/» a

<

z

z

X

<

Ul O

^

^

UJ

o

•J

o^

^

o

«/>

<

lo

HI <

o

>

b

*^ o z «

X

c:

<

H>

«

UJ»-

>

Ui

O

5

•M

a

<_l Ul

«

X

—

r u.

«/) ►-

Z

Ni O Z « — ;^

H> « UJ »- > <€

68

m ^<#ao^cMc^-K^•f<^»4•-l^cc ccccccc«*^cccccoc^cccccccccec»^

o

Of

<

<

< o

^

-J ->

3 <

o

u z z

<

- 3

-x

o. • ^

<

CO u.

<

<i > -*

z to

<l J

CJ

UJ

< < «

U I- •

3

• *l X to

«* </)

^ H- t/) i/>

*^ < >

<

> < KO 3

uo Z

Z < i/^ Z 00 •-

2 < < U
« K ►- -J UJ

O

H- U. -J X *^

O < UJ

•-• QC-«< < UJZ Of < •<

•-< 2.

< < CO 3 o. a

Z — CO 3

X KJ^ H Z^ < K i>0 Q. K

O < < «f <

•

Si

UJ K M Q. Q^ UJ

a >- O Gc

o */><a < oo -» <•-* </><

>- Qt U. ^

a

«i o o ox

o < o »-

m Ui Z < ^ ¥" oc D ^ CO ^
z z*-^- 3«ouj o«0(/^ </>a
UJ uju« za.oc>»^a»-D 3<

• </) O Qt

to

'UJ

< ^

• O 2 Z Z Z O

u. o •^ </>

> 3 < CO UJ

a

3ZOlo0303«»0

30^ Z

O 3 :3 X

to •

<

• a ►^

00 O. «|.- O UJ

•

< -> K O

z iLQC-J <too^a.o«/)too •O'

< z o z o

•

< Q.

O 0. z

< — QC O O.

-i z w

^OuoQC ov/>< oiiJaoo

Z < 00 3

a

Z CO -J 00 to

t/) QC a: < UJ to Of

to

^ < UJ •

< < o «/> ai o z < 00 u o o^ i-i <

_J < UJ <

UO

o

o

3 Z < 3 K *-.< 3 O

UJ •-< > a <

-JOO*- »- 3^Z<<< O^

3 < •-• O >

r <

>

rzozuu zxz

<

Z ac to M

-iujQC<co<<«QCO<-*»^2<<<roz

-1 Z Q

l/^)

o —

3 to a

C -J < •-• Q. to <

«J O UJ to cc

ujot<z*--Jatz<>- xxo-j-j-jz —

< -J UJ a <

O K

<

— UJ c

Z O. J Ui »/> UJ *-•

Lj a ^ X u o UJ

-J

— o — ^ <

»-0-iuj^«i«^jQcovja.-j->-j<»^^

a UJ o >- oc

>-

>> U Z 0^ O UJ

UJ

QC UJ UJ UL ^

oa-j<*/>ujt/»oi-icocot/>ouooxz

OOCD<U<-IQf^Z»-»-«i>>>uj-J

D QC •-*</) O

CO X UJ o < u> <

K-h-OQCVUJOt^

UJ O Z O **

9-4

UJ »- O •-• OJ

>-<0»-ZZaQ.<-«UJK ZZ

kM

1- a. o X O

1

Z flC 3 iT Z

O

-1 3

<

oouj>->-X>Ouui<

5

to T J O. <

in

>- J a: 2 >

a

X o

^^

aouja><<*-*UQC

< 0< Z c^

•
1

!!^

Z

OM>-<ou-xau.ozzzzzzooo

CO t/> O < i>o

O O X

OC)co>-002-jQt/»U.cO

to u < U-

aDao(MrM(Mfsiaof^tf>eo>omfMro«>(^rM<MfNJtf>fM^fsjrorMo<NJ<MOrvifM^

<Njr\JO*vifsj^<MfMO'OfOCrOfn^'0

oooco^oc oo

c

•H
O

a

pq

0)

p.'

z

3
oo -J

5 ^ -*

t/)

C -J u) UJ oo

3

<

3 3- T - *f

^ «/)

•^

<>-00 O tOoO KOOZ

< 3

O »/) z •-

UoOZ «j »-200<-^O

<

UJ •-. 3 oc

< <«-^»/)uj 3 touiZoro^xz

K <

Z ^ a UJ

^ 2QC<^ Cl VZUjk>-^3
Of •-Oac-J oCOoooo^Z

< • K

< a •

OC < UJ X

a a. <

u. o a

UJ 2 O • u

< aC<u>0« Z» KOCUJOZ"-

O 00 »^

Z oo

t ** — Q. 00 •

»- <3Za.Q. •3auJ0UJ2O3Z •

z < u

oO ^ • •

Z o • H- oo UI a.

^ ZO*-0»/^a.«— tO»-QC>UJ< *- Q.

3 3 < • «

• 3 o o. a. (^
a z t/> oo <

•-< a a. UJ o »/^

-J»eCi oOQc <o»-«u-— i>z»oo«

i-i a ^ Q. <x

— C/> «/) < Qt

oa3ooi/ioo»/> ujo^-i s z a a«

ac «i on •

00 (/) i/> z

< u « o <

U)W1003333Z<<-J< <<OZw^oO»/)a

3 < Ui a <

UJ 3 Z <^ P
< O Z 3 < Z

*- 2 ^ *^ "'*^

rzzZ3Xzuj*^z*«-J-io UJ 00

o •- *- < oo ^

oOi/)oOv/>cOoov/i — OlOOQC ^'a^3oa< x^

Z or «J Z

•- O «/> *- 2 O

<Z»-a?Ui.-ujQC

•-— »^uiUJUJUJz*/)T'<< ><OoCaf»-^<

Z 1^ vu «» < »-•
3 o z Ui a )c

X OC U; a O o

•lUJO^dLwU^O

^»-»-CJCJOUJ— OUJ-*-|Ot-J^ UJ^Z30C

«/>

^^ ^-> O UJ X >•

rr:5*t;!So^*->o<*-

tOi/)(/>UJUJU<UJOV»~u.—A-l0^2<«/^<00
>'>>ZZZZ'^»-u.Oo^'^OUJXCZ— I
OoOUjaiUJUJo:vj>2<ZJ5<u»i--JX>(X

UJ

•r* •- X Qc O Z

(/>(/) UI »- CJ ^

o

OCDO3UJZ^c0

at

O O O •» Uj OJ

«si M Z (/) ^ <

i.

<<3ujo<on

c

•- 3 at o. Z -J

►-^ UJ C J jj
•* Z O .J ^ ^

Pt2O0C<tf ^O

3330000uj-«acM3c M<3acuuu.o<l^

o.

lu ex. *4 3 V VJ

•

1

8

U.<ZH-«|U.O'^

3co^*'^^toaooou.OH-oo»-z«z<

oo z o ^ to oo e

e < u^ o *- o

69

CM

IT

QDeO^ODC^fV'^C ^c^^

^ m ^4

4"

r

o
I

I

8

!6

«/>

o

^

z

«/»

<

3

X

<

O

s

2 •

2

^

^ >

<

-i

«/»

< l/>

Ol

Ul ^

V. •-« <

.•

X

< X

<«/) ^

>

o

z.«

oc z o

-i

o«/>

h- Ui UJ

<

3

«/>

</) 2 2.

H-

a. •

. tart

«0 ot

<

a.

> K

> »> UJ

^

•

X (/)

<

• lu O ►-

3

a

D

<u

Q. tt QC Z

«/) a o M

z

«/»

•

•^ Ul

2^«/>

.

<

• •

o. •

o: <

-l-»^

.

.

a

5

uo

Ol &

(/) a UJ 2

3 111 o a.

< < < <>

a.

</)

«/> y»

i/)

5?

o< «/> z^^ »«

i/»

K

<

<

uj « « a

< <

</>

< <

M »/)

ag

a < <

^

z< < <

<

a

QL

>

*- -1

X •«

bJQCK

CK

u ^ ^ -<

OL

•^

^i«

O Ui ^ U ^ O >

UiOOOX*-**"-

a(/«(/>ooo«/)(/)> z

2 ui ui

i

7L^< <

oi o

3

UJ

z«

^4 >•

»- <

Z -1

^

o <> ►-o

o ^

X

^ oc ac ac

>

MJ

«P

ii

t)^ <

4-1 o

- X

«/>«/»

<

OUL u. u.

CO X

X

u. z

z o o o

<

</)

• tJJ

o. z •

</) UJ CL
U. (/)

lA a "^

OJ < z
Q ^ *^
UJ ^ O
Z Ui ^
UJ CD CC
U < UJ
«/) ►- Qt

Z CO «/>

^^ Z
X .i Ui

o < o

UJ z a I

Z •* Ui ,

UJ u > •

X oc •- :

< o
-I z

-i<o

UJ Z >
»-> UJ K
O < fib
•J Obt O
o< z
> z —

c
o

o
oc
u

UJ i/^
< UJ
oc OL

»- o

UJ (^

>- 00

.(>1

(/> X

Z UJ
3 O
Of O

</) >-
< </>

UJ ^

o z

o
• z

a ^
uo </>z

-J 3

UO ^

< UJ Z
z u uu

3 UJ

X z oc

<^ ^ o

»- O I

a z UU
>^ 3

a*, -J

< z

z <

. ^ o

a (// o z

«/> Z D D
< Q. 2

< ^ < «<
-J o^ w •
-» < ^ a *<o
UJ > < «/) 3

^ •- X
Q^ < oc ^ (/)
Oi OC < ^ JU
Z ^ «J «iO
X (/) -« UJ UJ
U O O £ Z
OC U < X ^

— UJ oc >. u
y X u. o (/>

• _2^JfJ^I«^J!»*%«^*?r-*r?*#5^*»-?^»**»* •••••••••••••

-#
«

a K m ii> ^*^ IT ir

CD f-4

<0

cu

:3
a

•H
4J

a
o
a

pq

X
•H

«/>

5^5 -sS 53;^

3

idac«/»axuuuj^«u.or

^

^

o

•

Z

a. > — ui«^uj< flc 3i-z OK ^S^ S>

o.

o

& 3

• */>

a • </»
«/>a z 3

WOD X
< *- »/»
-J < a U;
^ or ui C2

%r

flt

u

^

^

r:°

MM

O «^-lZUM»i«<««.««/)u.<Kt/)i/)SUI

-u>uj^ZQO-5^'^-Saa>o2a^
aCQ^-ou.u.u.a^a.<tLi»-ocy5«/)

*M

2&

<

O O K u.
■M ^i ^ z

J.

i^S

<

> Z O UJ
< > -J o

•
1

O i^*

•?T

z */>o *r

ZK •

UJ M (/) o.

U. «J • ^ (/)

o a z

^ i/> «/> o

«/>

Z«/)
UJ M

§^

ft u

•« — ^ o z
-J »- ^ ^ —
-J */>«/> .X a

^ UJ > > ** •-

I <fl o o ^ a

•'^ < O 3 X JiJ
• K o c O ft

52

<u

ft <

< z ;

— ft (

< <
at Z

ft C <

•nj ,j :

Z J.

^ o c

3

< i/>

u z
-I < :

< o

u. z

to er
» 3<

. X

► «/» V)

' O X

> "J «/»
' ft ^

»- o

(/I UJ

• u
ft <

</» or

ft o
toz

■ C Qt

• X

, •- z -x ^ jj ft ft

IT UJ »
Z Ol

ft ft

70

rsi vi^ «rf iM ^

^ «D c C fO O CM I

wm ^. t^ m* ^ m*

iiMir ^t\k^r4\tsm*m^kts^t*4

•••-•< ui

^ ^z <£

< 3 a. z

H- ^UJ • O z

I- 0.3-

</» < oa c

< TO

ui z a </) • • ^

5 l;S

z» -^ui a.«>o

Uia u>^</)a. QC

< • « — <

u.»/> •«•-<. «/5<0

« a &i: «->

a. « oz«/i ^

t/^ UJ

<5«,u^j-2^«

< '^Z<

— X X c *-

ae*-*/)<OOi/)Z oc

Z 3 O. a: ac
— « »/» C <

t/) ^ OC C UJ ^

^0(/><AXCOOM

UJ z < >• < •-

ujM>aDu<uj^ajOa^uJZ»-(xO

«^

flcao<?«i0^z<

<UiOZ — X«K>-cx

O «J t/» O H- <

1

a u o •^uj a

^4
1

►-a.o<eoOXtou.t/)Ooo>-*t

^

- z-o

OC 3 K ^

Ui ». <

X a (/> u.

a. o (

3 0(

» 3 U (/) (
I O < 3 4

O O UJ
U.' Ui O
Z (3 Z
UJ 3 <
o u a
i/» X u.

.1 ^C" :

r -» D o (

• UJ O « 3
O •-»- I
Z QC (J^ t
UJ O •-• <

UJ < ^ :

OC 3 Z (

X UJ

• • •••••••••••••••••• •••••

fx <#c«-4^^o«-«^ooo<^cc.ooccc<

CD ^C <# <# « M« «

*4

•/> »/»

«/l

U, 3

UJ

— o

*•

Z ^ 1/)

z

C « 3

<

o

'd

•i «/) ^ (/>

o

^ «o (/)

<

^

O • — 3 —
O > 1/9 H> 4/)

i/> Z </) ^

^8 uS I^

s

^ Zi/> Z

z < X UJ «/> a» <

»- y ^ Tsj

(/) • X z < •*

^ . a */» z < z

xzz •- < UJ < z UJ r

</)UO <X«030^ i

4-i

N> «i

UJ

UJ^.3m« Z ^ m

> X X ^ ^ O X

O «/> Uj )C VJ Z O

«/) <

O

v<x^Qr o <x

*• yi *

a

3 -i •« O O • H> • ^ (/>

uj«/>x3 • •xsa

H-33 XX<<5

a

a z • ••*

UJ

«3zaza Ox 3

o
o

«/: «/)ui a. a o

> •

*5r°-*^x-5*^ .5J^

UI Z > X U «/> •- X «/) a <o < O ^ X «-« X

•

mm a

< W C >■ i^ t^ V->

»*.3«-vox^Jw O • «T • < «/> X U)

«/) _i -«

a o w^

*/)Tt l/>«/'«/>V^ tT'XfxZ

aJ03-j3X*>*TX

__c "-ZC tj^«/;«/) t/)x>xz
<ZXU3v#<<3*-<3i/>OwO«i«/tZ<
^U-Z3 ir -^ZZk- — X 3<C-I

< UJ < r < o «o

«Joz333 *t»-»/^. eo

-J -^ « X T < ^¥- 9

PQ

z O— 3 ^

z z

5^a^-K«/>03u.' <.a «/>v/>uo — «••>«; <-

«Z»-oarz<^»*i

trUJ3*^<5w^QC;O*/>«/»O</»v0^»/) T Tt -^

<a;>z*tfCi-< X aj>.<uj— -^— <3Cuj

X

X Z < Z Uj Z

> —

oor Cu-u-UjX<>-'rr5

C «• -i "" ^ u.

^

a. cL

- OJU ou W ^O 3 1- »

(O

^u/KMU<^».^uoo^O»>uiujaxui»-

•H

^O.^Ou<«/>a><ai/>«ru,^ui«/)Mco(/'X

Ui

i^X<^^Z"«UiMU

j^i flro^V(/).^»-;^C"-^t/»uzcjui<:2

«3zx<^Vij<>ujr^<ujo< ^z^»-o
^-f — »*'^"Ox*o^xoCx<><ui>

T3

a zuj-^x

>

U X

ZCcxZZZfMtDuj — c<
3«i>-ujuju*»-<a >_i_j

a

^X — a»«/»XO^Z

S

•^

> J£ « ff w -a

r

Z «/»

Zu^Q^OX<ajui

eg

1

Ot 2 «* UJ > ;p

--UUuiuiOoO-.a^<iI

a

•''-uJO.^UXOO

1

(U

•^

o 2 K a. o <

o o

a^x^k/»«/?y>zu.cr Zi u>

•/»

C'^X JOOu.</»*/>

•^

Pu

1

o

1

Z

71

t^^i«'4«M*^«-<^4«-4fV4*4(Ni»4

«/ cc?oc e^'#i«^«^iNj«M»^fMa^«MCOCc «^c*«^«*»»iccr*c*c*c cc*c*cc?c*cc*cc*«^

CM

< c

rg

<

<

ST.

3

D;:i i

< .1

Z <(/)«/>

zo < M u

< «J X UJ

5 • «* .* ^ ^

Ui UJ Z < « M <

a u) </) o < tf o.

Z X M H* UJ tf u

Z< D Z

o«i-><x o<^

•- U. X M

• lO Ui « Z< (/>

• KUJ^ZO •<wo

OL ^ • O

> • «/> •«/) Z UJ • •-• ^

ao»-o.z(/)a3MZ

< (/) X z • o. z

<aMa.3uj>Q.u^(/>

t/) « Z < M ui </) 3 «i < •

• XD3^a«/>3 •

o*-'oo.o <^*a.

o.ecZMT(/> oca.

z «^*^ - X X <

1/1 3 (/I QC (/)»«(/)

JUJ<X*-< X o »/> O -J

,5— xo-io^z3 1?3

(/)

i/>wu2Zoo^x
X o o o « ^ <

x<<<<^jju;acoc^-JX

OJ

3v/>0 tt:7»/»T«j

Q^

-«— OLTor^i-zs—i

w^-i-i^ui00.i«i^^oOa.^^^ujxc;^uj

OXZQaX^eDo<«/)XZ

►"****•—•— oajujt/)</»o«/)a.<«i^«/»»-<00^ tt

Q.OOOOZZZOU^KjgOX>^OQCja-<S

1

ZtfXA.ouj£2«<U^UJ

>-«-*c»X>^-<»-ujZoXac

1

*/>5^o<u*/>»-oa*fooo

Uil>U.U.U.UL</)(/)T SZZ

ISI

oo<z»-x<3o*/»

t/i

i/) (/> (/)
»- Z Z

< I/) < o. •-
UJ >• O •"• >
-lU z ^<
O 3 • OO

(/> lib • « O. O. 3
• >- Ou < u> O "^
a. < < (/)

3 ^ X ^M 3m
<UJUJ3XXXa
X^OQC«/)MtOUU

oH>a.<Uia^uio
cc<u^Zujza
•^XZcktOiOUiX

CD

g

•H

a
o
o

3

<U

c
I

I

Z

9^ , . .

22 a. «/tiu a.

O X «/^ < U. • (/)

v> z a.

<ai < Q < «/> X

**c ^ X •• 3

zo -J C or vo •-
U"X Ui C « — ^
^i* ►- ^ > «j ^ •^
*• »/> O ». ^ i» o
W— ^ < ui >. M
3 v o ^ (C u or

QC ^ >• X < C "'

*-; «i \^ K^ ^ r::

72

<# ^4 ^ m ^ ^ ^i4

K < «/)

• t/» QC ^ <

a. > ►- -J —

(/^ o (/> < «

UJ z <

X Ui z *- •>-

3 »- ui u a ^

•-• < IL OC */> «J

a -I «-• o

UJ «i < u X (/>

< UJ •- 3

Z c9 a < -« (/)

a < ^ z z ^

(/) ^ ^ UJ »« h-
O U. ^ < O c^
^ O UJ cu •-« >

4* UJ z cc < a: o
I u ^ < i ixi o

csi o r^ ►- < o. c

cr u

— r>

«/) -e

UJ z o

Z UJ t^

ui • z a

o a o o

«(/)»- <

• • •

OJ o • 3

• 0. A. •

> to oc Q. a

to • CL (/) (/) •a

7- < O • «A

Ol UO Q. CO

02 a 00

to </> (/)(/)«/)

^^s-^s?

»-• X 3 < 00

H- X 3 X 2< <

3 (X 00 -J </)

vo rD e' to •- Z

> C < ^ UJ LL'

> ^ ►- UJ X^

a>- -j^-i-o«/)oai/)o.3 0aL

rn ^ 1- (/) u u> 1

LliC<<ajH-UJLJ

u<c>-»Zi»:uj*.*-<ZQ.O-i

z «* < u U U. 1

DOtOQUi>:3«j

^XQtc>oa.-juujuctu<

OoU-wOCOcOOoCLtoOT»:

• 'raKfno«KirKaf«>irKtf\tf\«-4^tf>irK^>m

X

a

•H

a
o
a

pq

a.

uii/» or :

Z • kM I

u; «o a > I

1^ < CIO Ml

z a> c

- f DZ

a gu»«0

< ^Z>

«l > ^ M tt

^ Z «/) O (fi

UJ < > M o

^ ^ u « z

< X O UJ —

^ o :r a o

z ^

OlM

< >

z<
< z

«oz

»« UJ

O <
3 Z

5Si

22

«/< o

3i
I

I/) «
U. «

a

> X

O i/»

OK

o z

o

z .
< a
- •/>

.1 «/> u <

• D

aJ«J <

«» -I

•O T)

Z •

Sis:

2

u

!••</»< O M

a O

w ar

JL U.

< O •

- or J <_

-i •- -J <

UJ a> < jc
"t •- X u.

1^ </)

: o o

. z

p to ••» —

• «/)
a.
</> z

ac

o >•
z w

00

10

s

s

•i»-a. z

oc

?

Zu; Z

U

6

a.

•

-Z3

a.

^

U Ul M

OK

•

<

«/)

•M

ao. ac

ua

^

z

». ui

«/) ^ wo

VJ < < <

u:

<

z

— r

»«

< Z TO

< tt a

ac.

c

C

cr

Z < w^ <

»-

•M

I

u

»** -JC

^

«

*^

< -1 >

*M

u.

UJ ^ <

O) UJ ^

C

g

»"

a

ar

< ^ u

<•

wo >

K

z < *-

a.

^

<

flt

Ui

< ►- Q u.

X

u»-

-10 K

H- I/)

I- • •S

— > • ao

^ a. </^ <

< «/« -I • •
«/t z «/) a a>

-J s .1

— •««/>:?<<

i^ < Urf OJ c ^ *
VI QC ^ CJ •-• 3 ••

U.ZUOtu«U«o
arujaf^ZC»«0
Ou.zouj<>^

«/>o*/>o»/>ox X

J o