BENTON HARBOR POWER PLANT LIMNOLOGICAL STUDIES

PART XIX: THE SEASONAL BIOLOGICAL SURVEYS OF 1971

John C. Ayers
Samuel C. Mozley
John A. Stewart

Under Contract with:

American Electric Power Service Corporation
Indiana and Michigan Electric Company

Special Report No. 44

of the

Great Lakes Research Division

The University of Michigan

Ann Arbor, Michigan

December 1974

PREVIOUS PARTS OF THE REPORT SERIES RELATIVE TO THE
DONALD C. COOK NUCLEAR STATION

Benton Harbor Power Plant Limnological Studies

Part

I. General studies. J. C. Ayers and J. C. K. Huang. April 1967. 31 p.

II. Studies of local winds and alongshore currents. J. C. Ayers, A. E.
Strong, C. F. Powers, and R. Rossmann. December 1967. 45 p.

III. Some effects of power plant waste heat on the ecology of Lake Michi-
gan. J. R. Krezoski. June 1969. 78 p.

IV. Cook Plant preoperational studies 1969. J. C. Ayers, R. F. Anderson,
N. W. O'Hara, G. Kidd. March 1970. 92 p.

V. Winter operations, March 1970. N. W. O'Hara, R. F. Anderson, W. L.
Yocum, J. C. Ayers. April 1970. 17 p.

VI. Pontoporeia af finis (Crustacea, Amphipoda) as a monitor of radionu-
clides released to Lake Michigan. C. C. Kidd. 1970. 71 p.

VII. Cook Plant preoperational studies 1970. J. C. Ayers, D. E. Arnold,
R. F. Anderson, H. K. Soo. March 1971. 72 and 13 p.

VIII. Winter operations 1970-1971. J. C. Ayers, N. W. O'Hara, W. L. Yocum.
June 1971. 41 p.

IX. The biological survey of 10 July 1970. J. C. Ayers, W. L. Yocum, H.
K. Soo, T. W. Bottrell, S. C. Mozley, L. C. Garcia. 1971. 72 p.

X. Cook Plant preoperational studies 1971. J. C. Ayers, H. K. Soo, W. L.
Yocum. August 1972. 140 and 12 p.

XI. Winter operations 1971-1972. J. C. Ayers, W. L. Yocum. September
1972. 26 p.

XII. Studies of the fish population near the Donald C. Cook Nuclear Power
Plant, 1972. D. J. Jude, T. W. Bottrell, J. A. Dorr III, T. J.
Miller. March 1973. 115 p.

XIII. Cook Plant preoperational studies 1972. J. C. Ayers and E. Seibel
(eds.). March 1973. 281 p.

XIV. Winter operations 1972-1973. J. C. Ayers, W. L. Yocum, E. Seibel.
May 1973. 22 p.

XV. The biological survey of 12 November 1970. J. C. Ayers, S. C. Mozley,
J. C. Roth. July 1973. 69 p.

XVI. Psammolittoral investigation 1972. E. Seibel, J. C. Roth, J. A.
Stewart, S. L. Williams. July 1973. 63 p.

XVII. Program of aquatic studies related to the Donald C. Cook Nuclear Plant.
J. C. Ayers and E. Seibel (eds.). December 1973. 57 p.

PREVIOUS REPORTS continued.

XVIII. Effect of a thermal discharge on benthos populations: Statistical
methods for assessing the impact of the Cook Nuclear Plant. E. M.
Johnston. December 1973. 20 p.

Seibel, E. and J. C. Ayers (eds.). 1974. The biological, chemical, and

physical character of Lake Michigan in the vicinity of the Donald C. Cook
Nuclear Plant. Special Report No. 51 of the Great Lakes Research Divi-
sion, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan. 475 p.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

FIGURES vi

TABLES vii

INTRODUCTION 1

COOK PLANT PREOPERATIONAL STUDIES 5

A- 2 STUDY OF FLOATING ALGAE AND BACTERIA 5

THE THERMAL BAR IN THE COOK SURVEY AREA 5

BACTERIA 13

Techniques 13

Results 13

PHYTOPLANKTON 15

Techniques 15

Results 15

Summary Table 15

Dominant and Codominant Phytoplankters 15

Master Lists of Phytoplankters Collected

During the Svo^veys 29

Search for Riverine Species 38

A. 5 STUDY OF ZOOPLANKTON 38

METHODS 38

RESULTS 39

The Survey of 15 April 1971 40

The Survey of 9 July 1971 46

The Survey of 2 September 1971 - 47

The Survey of 8 November 1971 48

A. 7 STUDY OF BENTHIC ORGANISMS 49

METHODS 51

RESULTS 51

New Species 51

Variations in Zoobenthos with Depth and Season 52

Size and Sex Frequencies in Rontoporeia affinis 61

Tubificidae Maturation 63

DISCUSSION 64

REFERENCES 66

APPENDIX A. PHYSICAL MEASUREMENTS 68

APPENDIX B. PHYTOPLANKTON COLLECTIONS 80

APPENDIX C. ZOOPLANKTON 153

APPENDIX D. BENTHOS SURVEY 163

FIGURES

Page

1. The Cook Plant sampling stations 2

2. The position of the thermal bar (U'^C) in the

Cook survey grid on 15 April 1971 , . . • 6

3. Phytoplankton, cells per 0.01 ml, at the

stations of the 15 April 1971 Cook Plant survey ....... 8

4. Zooplankton, organisms per liter, at the stations

of the 15 April 1971 Cook Plant survey 9

5. Averaged abundances of phytoplankters (upper) and
zooplankters (below) by half-degree temperature

intervals, 15 April 1971 11

6. Averaged numbers of zooplankters per liter at
different depth intervals in the Aprils of
1971, 1972, and 1973 under thermal bar, pre

thermal bar, and post thermal bar conditions 12

2

7. Mean numbers per m of total animals (benthic

macroinvertebrates excluding Mysis reliota) hy

benthic depth zones and seasons 53

2

8. Mean numbers per m of minor Chironomidae by

depth and season . 54

2

9. Mean numbers per m of Pontoporeia af finis

(PA) and Stylodritus heringianus (SH) by

depth and season 55

2

10. Mean numbers per m of Pisidium (PI) and

Tubificidae (TU) by depth and season ..... 56

2

11. Mean numbers per m of Sphaerivm nitidivm (SN)

and Sphaerivm striatinum (SS), which are sphaeriid

clams, total Gastropoda (GA) (at least 3 species)

and total Hirudinea (HI, at lerst 4 species) by

depth and season , . 57

2

12. Mean numbers per m of large Chironomidae by

depth and season 58

13. Percentages of Pontoporeia af finis populations

in size and season 62

vi

TABLES

Page

1. The sampling stations, their positions

relative to the Cook Plant 3

lA. Additional stations for phytoplankton only 5

2. Total counts and coliform bacteria during 1971,

bacteria /lOO ml 14

3. Phytoplankton Summary 16

4. Dominant and codominant phytoplankters

in the surveys of 1971 28

5. Master list of phytoplankton collected 29

6. Number of phytoplankton species or groups,
number of individuals per milliliter, and

diversity indices of the 1971 station collections ...... 34

7. The common zooplankton Crustacea 41

3

8. Zooplankton species counts (ind/m ), coefficients

of variation between duplicate subsamples, per-
cent composition by species 42

9. Numbers of observations on which the averages
and standard errors in Figures 1-6 are based,

by depth zone and month 52

10. Average numbers of the more common Naididae
by benthic zones in July and November 1971

with standard errors 59

11. Percentages of Tubificidae which were mature

in surveys of 1970 and 1971 64

vii

INTRODUCTION

In Part VII (March 1971) of our report series relative to the Donald C.
Cook Nuclear Station, we established the following report format:

A. COOK PLANT PREOPERATIONAL STUDIES

A.l Recording of Local Water Temperatures

A. 2 Study of Floating Algae and Bacteria

A. 3 Development of a Monitor for Phytoplankton (ABANDONED)

A. 4 Study of Attached Algae

A, 5 Study of Zooplankton

A. 6 Study of Aquatic Macrophytes

A. 7 Study of Benthic Organisms

A. 8 Study of the Local Fishes

A. 9 Support of Aerial Scanning

A. 10 Study of Entrainment and Impingement

B. SURVEYS OF EXISTING WARM WATER PLUMES

C. THE ICE BARRIER AT THE COOK PLANT SITE

D. EFFECTS OF EXISTING THERMAL DISCHARGES ON LOCAL ICE BARRIERS

E. EFFECTS OF RADIOACTIVE WASTES IN THE AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT

E.l Gamma Scan of Bottom Sediments (FINISHED)

E.2 The Most Sensitive Organism for Concentration of

Radwastes (FINISHED)
E.3 Study of Lake Michigan's Present Radioactivity Content

(FINISHED)

This report covers only items A. 2, A. 5, and A. 7 of the above format.
These studies constitute four surveys of the large-scale set of biology sta-
tions related to the Donald C, Cook Plant carried out during 1971.

The layout of sampling stations, with indication of how the stations are
numbered, is given in Figure 1. The sampling stations, their positions rela-
tive to the Cook Plant, their distances offshore, and the water depths en-
countered are given in Tables 1 and lA.

The four biological surveys of 1971 were carried out on 15 April, 9 July,
2 September, and 8 November. Station DC-1 could not be occupied in July or
September because of dredges working at the station position; in November the
NDC-7 and SDC-7 stations were not visited because of high seas and severe
cold.

Except for omissions pointed out above, phytoplankton samples were taken

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at all the stations of Table 1. At all stations with serial numbers greater
than zero, zooplankton, benthos, and physical measurements were collected as
well. The physical measurements consisted of surface water temperature, water
depth, bottom types, Secchi disc water transparency, and water color as seen
above the white 20-cm Secchi disc, as well as weather conditions and wind and
wave characteristics. The four sets of physical data are given in Appendix A.

TABLE 1. The sampling stations, their positions relative to the Cook Plant,
their distances offshore, and the water depths encountered on 15 April 1971.

Station

Position relative to the Cook Plant

Water depth
(ft)

DC-l

Directly

off

the

plant.

1/4 mi offshore

20

DC-2

3/4

42

DC-3

1

1/4

57

DC-4

2

1/4

66

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4

1

80

DC-6

7

t

132

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3/4 mi

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41

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1/2

It

1/4

It

12

NDC-.5-2

1/2

ft

1/2

11

27

NDC-.5-3

1/2

tf

1 1/4

II

57

NDC-1-1

1

ft

1/4

II

16

NDC-1-2

1

tl

3/4

II

41

NDC-1-3

1

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2 1/4

II

57

NDC-2-1

2

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1/4

II

16

NDC-2-2

2

tt

1/2

II

25

NDC-2-3

2

tl

1 1/4

II

53

NDC-2-4

2

11

4

II

84

NDC-4-1

4

It

1/4

II

10

NDC-4-2

4

It

1/2

II

19

NDC-4-3

4

11

2 1/4

II

61

NDC-4-4

4

tt

7

II

154

NDC-7-1

7

It

1/4

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21

NDC-7-2

7

It

1/2

II

26

TABLE 1 continued .

Station

Position relative to the Cook Plant

NDC-7-3

NDC-7-4

NDC-7-5

SDC-.25-1

SDC-.5-1

SDC-.5-2

SDC-.5-3

SDC-1-1

SDC-1-2

SDC-1-3

SDC-2-1

SDC-2-2

SDC-2-3

SDC-2-4

SDC-4-1

SDC-4-2

SDC-4-3

SDC-4-4

SDC-7-1

SDC-7-2

SDC-7-3

SDC-7-4

SDC-7-5

7 ml north of the plant, 1 1/4 mi offshore

7 " 2 1/4

7 " 4 "

1/4 mi south of the plant, 3/4 mi offshore

1/2

1/2

1/2

1

1

1

2

2

2

2

4

4

4

4

7

7

7

7

7

1/4
1/2

1 1/4
1/4
3/4

2 1/4
1/4
1/2

1 1/4
4

1/4
1/2

2 1/4
7

1/4
1/2

1 1/4

2 1/4
4

Water depth
(ft)

45
56
77
41
17
28
55
15
23
66
14
28

53

76

19

28

61
105

15

28

52

55

71

TABLE lA. Additional stations for phytoplankton only (all
in A ft of water).

Station Position relative to the Cook Plant

NDC-.5-0 1/2 mi north of the plant, just off the beach

NDC-1-0 1

NDC-2-0 2

NDC-4-0 4

SDC-.5-0 1/2 mi south of the plant, just off the beach

SDC-1-0 1 "

SDC-2-0 2 " "

SDC-4-0 4

COOK PLANT PREOPERATIONAL STUDIES

A. 2 STUDY OF FLOATING ALGAE AND BACTERIA

THE THERMAL BAR IN THE COOK SURVEY AREA

During the survey of 15 April 1971 the thermal bar of southeastern Lake
Michigan was present in the Cook Plant survey area and ran in a sinuous line
from south to north at distances between two and four miles from the beach.
The position of the bar as derived by linear interpolation between the statioi
surface water temperatures is shown in Figure 2; it quite closely approximate*
the 18-m depth contour.

The data have been inspected for any evidences that convergence along th(
4*^0 isothermal might be concentrating materials there. The evidence, if any,
is slight and inconclusive. In comparisons of water color across the isotheri
there were no significant color changes. Secchi disc transparencies lakeward
of the bar were greater by 1.0 to 2.3 m, but this could possibly be a reflec-
tion of the smaller numbers of phytoplankton there.

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In cases where comparison of phytoplankton numbers per milliliter could
be made across the bar, the numbers were in all but two cases significantly
smaller lakeward of the bar:

233 (? DC-4 (3.6°)

174 (3 NDC-2-4 (2.9°)

191 (a NDC-4-4 (2.2°)

171 @ NDC-7-5 (3.4°)

268 (a SDC-1-3 (3.7°)

219 (§ SDC-2-4 (3.2°)

23 (3 SDC-4-4 (2.5°)

177 @ SDC-7-5 (3.8°)

bar 456 (? DC-3 (6.9°)

91 @ NDC-2-3 (4-7°)

314 (a NDC-4-3 (4.9°)

429 (a NDC-7-4 (5.1°)

600 @ SDC-1-2 (7.3°)

326 (a SDC-2-3 (5.9°)

196 (a SDC-4-3 (5.1°)

180 @ SDC-7-4 (5.6°)

Where comparisons of total numbers of zooplankton (without nauplii) per
cubic meter across the bar could be made, there were in six cases of nine
significantly more zooplankters lakeward of the bar:

6,347 (a DC-4 bar
6,549 (? NDC-1-3
6,850 (3 NDC-2-4
3,666 (a NDC-4-4
8,765 (a NDC-7-5
16,710 (a SDC-1-3
8,971 (a SDC-2-4
5,718 (3 SDC-4-4
1,915 @ SDC-7-5

1,568 @ DC-3
1,282 (3 NDC-1-2
1,830 @ NDC-2-3
7,259 @ NDC-4-3
2,618 @ NDC-7-4
885 @ SDC-1-2
4,949 @ SDC-2-3
13,148 (3 SDC-4-3
4,850 (3 SDC-7-4

In waters landward of the thermal bar there were very substantially
larger numbers of copepod nauplii than lakeward of the bar:
DC-2 (landward of the bar) 3,516 nauplii per m^

DC-5 (lakeward of the bar)
DC-6 ( " " " " )

401
583

The higher numbers of nauplii are attributed only to the warmer waters
inshore which were permitting the beginning of copepod reproduction which had
not yet begun in the colder waters outside the bar.

Figure 3 presents the numbers of phytoplankters found at the stations of
the survey; in order that the numbers at each station may be gotten onto the
available space of the figure, the population numbers are given as numbers
per 0.01 ml.

In Figure 3, the picture presented by the data is merely one of a domi-
nant tendency for a decrease in numbers as one goes lakeward from the shore.

On the other hand, the zooplankters (Fig. 4) in their horizontal distri-
bution show some accumulation of numbers near the 4°C isotherm. Both phyto-
plankton and zooplankton show their natural patchiness to some extent in the
horizontal distributions. To try to separate the effects of patchiness of

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distribution from the possible effects of temperature, we have made histograms
(Fig. 5) of averaged numbers of phytoplankters and zooplankters by half -degree
increments of station temperatures across the survey area.

In Figure 5, with one or more stations in each half -degree temperature
increment, the numbers of phytoplankters per milliliter at the stations in the
several temperature ranges indicate only that there were more phytoplankters
in the warmer waters near shore. There is no evidence in the histograms that
the thermal bar was causing any convergent concentration of phytoplankters at
the 4^C isotherm. There is, instead, evidence that the low offshore numbers
were the normal overwintering population, while the progressive increase in
numbers toward shore (with the largest numbers in the warmest water) repre-
sents phytoplankters responding to the spring warming by reproduction.

The zooplankton, however, showed highest averaged numbers in the temper-
ature increment from 3.5 to 4^C and much less concentration in the increments
from 4.5 to 7.5^C (average 7.9 organisms per liter in the interval between
3.5 and 4.0** as opposed to 3.5 and 4.7 per liter in the two intervals between
4.5 and 5.5**C). The shape of the histogram suggests that the abundant off-
shore zooplankters were probably the normal winter pre-spawning population,
while the reduced numbers found inshore of the bar probably were the un-
spawned adults remaining after the warmer water there had stimulated many to
spawn and die. This view is consistent with the presence in this water of
greatly larger numbers of copepod young (nauplii) .

Figure 6 is an intercomparison of averaged zooplankton abundances at 5-m
depth intervals during the surveys of April 1971 (with a thermal bar) , April
1972 (before the thermal bar had developed), and April 1973 (after the thermal
bar had passed). During thermal bar and post thermal bar conditions, the
greatest averaged numbers of zooplankton were found lakeward of the 18-m depth
contour. In the case of the April 1971 thermal bar, the numbers of zooplank-
ters at the 18-m depth contour position of the bar were not significantly
greater than during pre and post bar conditions. If convergence and sinking
were taking place at the bar, one would expect the upward-swimming zooplank-
ters to be concentrated alpng the bar by the convergence of water movements.
Neither Figure 5 nor Figure 6 exhibit any clear evidence of zooplankton con-
centration at the thermal bar; if convergence concentration of zooplankters
was indeed going on it was being masked by some other factor, possibly the

10

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400

2 o^ 3 4 5 ' 6 7 ' 8 ' 9 10

Sr

No. /I

13 3403495183 [-jp 1

2 .^ 3

10

FIG. 5. Averaged abundances of phytoplankters (upper) and zooplankters
(below) by half-degree temperature intervals, 15 April 1971. Numbers
within the bars indicate the numbers of samples averaged.

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12

effects of temperature as mentioned above.

If convergence concentration were going on one would expect it to be
shown by higher numbers of phytoplankton along the bar. Figure 5 does not
exhibit such concentration; again, if it was going on it was being masked,
probably by the effects of temperature as mentioned above.

BACTERIA

Techniques

Total bacteria and coliform bacteria were determined by the nutrient pad
method using the Millipore Portable Water Analysis Kit and Field Monitors.
The Analysis Kit provides a pump and an incubator; the Field Monitors are
ready-to-use sterile nutrient pads and filters in incubating dishes and come
with ampouled nutrient media. M-TGE Broth was used for total counts, and M-
Endo Broth for coliforms. Water samples ranging from 16 to 30 ml were pumped
through the Field Monitors. Water from 1-m depth was collected by Nansen
bottle and immediately drawn off into sterile plastic bottles for refrigera-
tion until the Field Monitors could be prepared. Because of limited space in
the incubator, bacteria were not run at all stations.

Station DC-1 was not sampled for bacteria in April, July, or September.
It was accident ly omitted in April, and in July and September the station
position was occupied by dredges.

Counts of total bacteria were not made after April because of the extreme
degree of subjectivity inherent in making the counts from the incubated plates.

Results

The bacteria results are given in Table 2. The counts of total bacteria
for April are presented but are considered to be unreliable.

The numbers of coliforms exhibited great variation both spatially and
temporally. Numbers of coliforms rose from April through July and became
extremely high in September before falling to very low levels in November.
In 1971 Labor Day fell on 6 September, and the high numbers of coliforms
found on 2 September are tentatively associated by us with the peak of summer
usage of the lake and lakeshore property. We tentatively attribute the low

13

numbers present on 8 November to reduction of human input to far below summer
levels, and to the cold water of fall.

TABLE 2.

Total counts and

coliform bac

;teria during

ly/i, Dacceri.

i/ ±yjKJ

iUX.

Station

Total

Conforms

Station

Total

Conforms

count

count

15 APRIL 1971

DC-6

_«.

248

NDC-.5-1

—

8,

060

DC- 2

328

NDC-.5-2

—

4,

090

NDC-.5-1

348

74

NDC-1-2

—

1,

990

SDC-.5-2

355

NDC-2-3

—

4,

,315

NDC-1-2

350

NDC-4-1

—

3,

,965

NDC-2-3

200

NDC-4-3

—

2,

,550

NDC-4-1

612

132

NDC-7-1
NDC-7-3

—

133
200

9 JULY 1971

NDC-7-5

—

1

,740

DC- 2

^^

41

SDC-.5-1

—

3

.135

DC- 3

84

SDC-.5-2

—

3

,770

DC-4

31

SDC-1-2

—

3

,475

DC- 5

...

76

SDC-2-3

—

3

,304

DC-6

5

SDC-4-1

—

2

,553

NDC-.5-1

472

SDC-4-3

—

3

,485

NDC-.5-2

.~

205

SDC-7-1

—

1

,683

NDC-1-2

10

SDC-7-3

—

1

,539

NDC-2-3

12

SDC-7-5

—

200

NDC-4-1

331

NDC-4-3

200

8

NOVEMBER 1971

NDC-7-1

250

DC-1

9

NDC-7-3

1,005

DC-2

NDC-7-5

142

DC- 3

1

SDC-.5-1

2,965

DC-4

1

SDC-.5-2

322

DC-5

SDC-1-2

61

DC-6

SDC-2-3

NDC-.5-1

12

SDC-4-1

670

NDC-.5-2

22

SDC-4-3

60

NDC-1-2

SDC-7-1

68

NDC-2-3

1

SDC-7-3

.

122

NDC-4-1

6

SDC-7-5

131

NDC-4-3
SDC-.5-1

1

2 SEPTEMBER 1971

SDC-.5-2

2

DC-2

„_

3,130

SDC-1-2

3

DC- 3

590

SDC-2-3

broken

DC-4

—

3,240

SDC-4-1

—

10

DC- 5

—

643

SDC-4-3

7

14

PHYTOPLANKTON

Techniques

Phytoplankton samples were collected by Hansen bottle at a depth of 1 m,
with the exception of the nearshore stations. Nearshore collections (serial
number zero stations) were made by submerging an open 1-liter bottle 4 inches
below the water surface. All samples were 1-liter whole samples. Each sampl(
was fixed with Uterraohl's iodine fixative immediately after collection and
stored in an opaque container.

In the laboratory, each sample was concentrated to 100 ml by settling in
a 1000-ml graduate cylinder and siphoning off 900 ml of fluid. The concentra-
ted sample was stored in a 100-ml opaque bottle.

Samples were prepared for counting by placing an aliquot of the concen-
trated sample in a tubular combination settling and counting chamber and
allowing the aliquot to settle overnight. The counting chamber containing thi
settled cells was then separated from the settling chamber, covered, and
placed on the microscope. The samples were counted on a binocular inverted
microscope at lOOOx magnification.

Solitary species, green and blue-green algae colonies, and the filaments
of filamentous forms were each counted as one cell. Each colonial diatom eel
was counted except when the size of the filaments or colonies prohibited
counting the individual cells; in this case, the number of individual cells
was estimated.

Results

Summary Table. The phytoplankton summary which follows (Table 3) is
based on the one used by the Michigan Water Resources Commission in reporting
their phytoplankton collections. Our summaries differ only in that we have
counted or estimated the cells in filamentous and colonial diatoms, while
the Commission counts a filament or colony as a single organism. The station
by-station phytoplankton records constitute Appendix B.

Dominant and Codominant Phytoplankters . In each phytoplankton sample,
one species or group typically was present in substantially greater numbers.
We have called these species or groups "dominant." In many stations one, two
or three additional species or groups challenged the numerical superiority of

15

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27

the dominant species. When the challenging species or group closely ap-
proached the cell numbers of the dominant species, the less abundant species
or group was recorded as "codominant" and listed in the dominant species
column of Table 3. In Table 4, those species or groups which were numeri-
cally dominant in the samples of the 1971 Cook Plant surveys are presented.

TABLE 4. Dominant and codominant phytoplankters in the surveys of 1971.

Survey

Species or group

Dominant or codominant
occurrences

15 April

9 July

2 September

8 November

Ochromonas sp. (flagellate)
Metosira sp. (diatom)
Chlamydomonas sp. (flagellate)
Tabellaria fenestrata (diatom)
Stephanodisous sp. (diatom)
Fragilaria crotonensis (diatom)
Cyalotella sp. (diatom)
Fragilaria sp. (diatom)

Gloeoaystis sp. (green alga)
Oooystis sp. (green alga)
Glenodinium sp. (flagellate)
Dinobryon divergens (flagellate)
Tdbeltaria fenestrata (diatom)
Cyolotella sp. (diatom)
Fragilaria crotonensis (diatom)
Soenedesmus sp. ("other" alga)
Cruoigenia sp. ("other" alga)
Fragilaria sp. (diatom)
Westella linearis (green alga)

Gloeoaystis sp. (green alga)
Tahellaria fenestrata (diatom)
Melosira sp. (diatom)

Ochromonas sp. (flagellate)
Tahellaria fenestrata (diatom)
Fragilaria crotonensis (diatom)
Gloeocystis sp. (green alga)
Chlamydomonas sp. (flagellate)
Cryptomonas sp. (flagellate)
Aphanothece sp. (coccoid blue-green)
Oocystis sp. (green alga)
Fragilaria sp. (diatom)

24

15

15

14

13

9

6

1

47

18

12

10

8

4

3

1

1

1

1

51
3
1

20
17
7
6
4
3
2
1
1

28

The seasonal surveys of 1971 apparently caught, In April the end of the
spring diatom bloom as evidenced (Table 4) by 58 dominant or codominant occur-
rences of diatoms out of a total of 97 such occurrences.

Green algae came into dominance in the July survey and continued dominant
in the warm water of the early September survey. By November they had fallen
from prominence with only 7 occurrences as dominants or codominants out of a
total of 106.

Flagellates were most heavily dominant in the April survey, declined in
July, did not attain to dominant or codominant status in September, and were
resurgent in November.

Blue-green algae attained dominant or codominant status only in the
November survey when the coccoid blue-green, Aphanotheae sp., reached such
rank on two occasions.

Master Lists of Phytoplankters Collected During the Surveys. Table 5.
presents in alphabetical order the complete lists of phytoplankters taken
during the four surveys of 1971. Over time, such species lists serve as
means by which to watch for changes in population composition.

TABLE 5. Master list of phytoplankton collected.

15 APRIL 1971

Anabaena oiroinalis

Anabaena sp.

Anaoystis sp.

Ankistrodesmus falcatus

Ankistrodesmus falcatus v. mirabilis

Ankistrodesmus gelifactus

Ankistrodesmus sp.

Aphanothece sp.

Asterionella formosa

Blue-green unknoT^n colony

Blue- green unkno\m filament

Chlajnydomonas sp.

Chroococcus sp.

Cladophora sp.

Closteriopsis longissima

Closterium acirculare

Closterium sp.

Coelastrum sp.

Coelosphaerium sp.
Cosmarium sp .
Crucigenia sp.
Cryptomonas sp.
Cyclotella sp.
Cymatopleura solea
Diatoma tenue

Diatoma tenue v. elongatum
Dictyosphaerium sp.
Dinobryon divergens
Flagellates

Fragilaria crotonensis
Fragilaria sp.
Glenodinium sp.
Gloeocapsa sp.
Gloeocystis sp.
Golenkinia sp.
Gomphonema sp.

29

TABLE 5 continued.

15 APRIL 1971 cont.

Gomphosphaeria sp.
Green filament » unknown

Melosira granulata
Melosira islandioa
Melosira sp.
MiaraQtinium pusillian
Mioroaystis sp.
Mougeotia sp.
Navioula sp.
Nitzsahia aciQularia
Nitzschia sp.
Oohromonas sp.
Oedogonium sp.
Oocystis sp.

Oaoillatoria sp.
Pediastrum bory anion
Pevidinium sp.
PleuTosigma deliQatulum
Rhizosolenia eviensis
Saenedesmus bijuga
Soenedesmus sp.
Sphaerocystis sp.
Stephanodiscus sp.
Synedra ulna
Synedra

Tabellaria fenestrata
Tetraedron minimum
Westella botryoides

9 JULY 1971

Aotinastrum hantzschii

Aotinastrum hantzschii v. fluviatile

Amphora sp.

Anabaena oircinalis

Anabaena sp.

Anaoystis sp.

Ankistrodesmus falcatus

Ankistrodesmus falcatus y. mirabilis

Ankistrodesmus gelif actus

Ankistrodesmus sp.

Aphanothece sp.

Asterionella formosa

Blue-green unknown filament

Botryococcus braunii

Caloneis ventricosa

Ceratium hirundinella

Ceratium sp.

Characium sp.

Chlamydomonas sp.

Cladophora sp.

Closteriopsis longissima

Closterium acirculare

Closterium sp.

Coelastrum sp.

Coelosphaerium sp.

Cosmarium sp.

Crucigenia apiculata

Crucigenia sp.

Crucigenia tetrapedia

Cryptomonas sp.

Cyclotella antiqua

Cyclotella sp.

Cymatopleura solea

Cymatopleura sp.

Cymbella subventricosa

Diatoma sp.

Diatoma tenue

Diatoma tenue v. elongatum

Diatoma vulgar e

Dictyosphaerium sp.

Dinobryon divergens

Dinobryon pediforme

Dinobryon sp.

Elakatothrix gelatinosa

Flagellates

Fragilaria capucina

Fragilaria crotonensis

Fragilaria intermedia v. fallax

Fragilaria sp.

Franaeia droescheri

Franceia ovalis

Franceia sp.

Glenodinium sp.

Gloeocystis sp.

Golenkinia radiata

Golenkinia sp.

Green colony, unknown

Kirchneriella sp.

Lagerheimia sp.

Melosira islandica

30

TABLE 5 continued.

9 JULY 1971 cont.

Melosira sp.

Merismopedia sp.

MioraQtinium sp.

Microcystis sp.

Mougeotia sp.

Navicula aurora

Navicula capitata

Navicula sp.

Neidium sp.

Nephrocytium sp.

Nitzschia acicularis

Nitzschia recta

Nitzschia sp.

Ochromonas sp.

Oedogonium sp.

Oocystis sp.

Oocystis submarina

Oscillatoria sp.

Pandorina sp.

Pediastrum boryanum

Pediastrum duplex

Pediastrum glanduliferum

Pediastrum obtusum

Pediastrum simplex

Pediastrum tetras

Pediastrum tetras v. tetradon

Penium sp.

Peridinium sp.

Rhizosolenia sp.

Scenedesmua arcuatus

Scenedesmus bijuga

Scenede&mua brasilienais

Scenedesmus dimorphus

Scenedesmus opoliensie v. contacta

Scenedesmus quadricauda

Scenedesmus sp.

Schroederia sp.

Selenastrum sp.

Sphaerocystis sp.

Spirogyra sp.

Spores

Sbaurastrum gracile

Staurastrum sp.

Stephanodiscus sp.

Synedra delicatissima

Synedra filiformis

Synedra sp.

Synedra ulna

Tabellaria fenestrata

Tetraedron asymmetricum

Tetraedron caudatum

Tetraedron minimum

Tetraedron regular e

Tetraedron sp.

Tetraedron tumidulum

Treubaria setigervm

Westella botryoides

Westella linearis

2 SEPTEMBER 1971

Actinastrum hantzschii v. fluviatile
Anabaena sp.
Ankistrodesmus falcatus
Ankistrodesmus falcatus v. mirabilis
Ankistrodesmus gelif actus
Ankistrodesmus sp.
Aphanothece sp.
Aphanocapsa sp.
Asterionella formosa

Blue-green unknown filament

Ceratium hirundinella
Chlamydomonas sp.
Chroococcus sp.
Closterium sp.
Coelastrum sp.

Coelosphaerium sp.
Cosmarium sp.
Crucigenia apiculata
Crucigenia irregularis
Crucigenia quadrata
Crucigenia rectangularis
Crucigenia sp.
Crucigenia tetrapedia
Cryptomonas sp.
Cyclotella sp.
Diatoma tenue
Dictyosphaerium sp.
Dinobryon divergens
Dinobryon pediforme
Dinobryon sp.

31

TABLE 5 continued.

2 SEPTEMBER 1971 cont.

Flagellates
Fragilaria oapuoina
Fragilaria crotonensis
Fragitaria sp.
Franoeia droeaoheri
Franoeia sp.
Gtenodinium sp.
Gloeocystia sp.
Golenkinia sp.
Gomphonema sp.
Gomphosphaeria aponina
Gomphosphaeria lacustria
Gomphoaphaeria sp.
Green colony, unknown
Kirohneriella sp.
Lagerheimia sp.
Meloaira ialandioa
Meloaira sp.
Miorooyatia sp.
Naviaula sp.
Nephrooy titan sp.
Nitzachia aoioularia
Nitzaahia sp.
Oohromonaa sp.
Oedogonivm sp.
Oocyatia sp.

Ophiooytium sp.
Oacillatoria sp.
Pandorina sp.
Pediaatrum boryanum
Pediaatrum duplex
Pediaatrum aimplex
Pediaatrum sp.
Penium oylindrum
Penium sp.
Peridinium sp.
Saenedeamua bijuga
Soenedeamua dimorphua
Scenedeamua quadrioauda
Soenedeamua sp.
Sohroederia sp.
Selenaatrum sp.
Sphaerooyatia sp.
Stephanodiaoua sp.
&jnedra sp.
Tabeltaria feneatrata
Tetraedron caudatum
Tetraedron minimum
Tetraedron trigonum
Treubaria sp.
Weatella botryoidea
Weatella linearia

8 NOVEMBER 1971

Amphipleura pelluoida

Arnphip leura sp .

Amphiprora omata

Amphora ovalia

Amphora sp.

Anabaena sp.

Ankiatrodeamua faloatua

Ankiatrodeamua faloatua v. mivdbilia

Ankiatrodeamua gelifaotua

Ankiatrodeamua sp.

Aphanotheoe sp.

Aphanooapaa sp.

Aaterionella formoaa

Blue-green unknown filament

Caloneia sp.

Ceratium hirundinella

Charaoium sp.

Chlamydomonaa sp.

Chrooooooua sp.
Cloateriopaia longiaaima
Cloaterium aoiroulare
Cloaterium sp.
Coelaatrum sp.
Coeloaphaerium sp.
Coamarium sp.
Cruoigenia irregularia
Cruoigenia quadrata
Cruoigenia sp.
Cryptomonaa sp.
Cyolotella sp.
Cymatopleura aolea
Deamid sp.
Diatom, unknown
Diatoma sp.
Diatoma tenue
Diatoma vulgare

32

TABLE 5 continued.

8 NOVEMBER 1971 cont.

Diotyosphaerium sp.

Dinobryon divergens

Diploneis parma

Diploneis sp.

Elakatothpix sp.

Flagellates

Fragilaria oapuoina

Fragilaria orotonensie

Fragilaria intermedia v. fallax

Fragilaria pinnata

Fragilaria sp.

Glenodinium sp.

Gloeooystis sp.

Gomphosphaeria sp.

Green colony, unknown

Green solitary, unknown

Gyrosigma sp.

Kirchneriella sp.

Lagerheimia sp.

Melosira islandica

Melosira islandica auxospores

Melosira sp.

Merismopedia sp.

Mioractinium sp .

Mougeotia sp.

Navicula platy stoma v. pantoosekii

Navioula radiosa

Navicula sp.

Nephroaytium sp.

Nitzsohia aoicularis

Nitzsohia palea

NitzBohia recta
Nitzschia sp.
Ochromonas sp.
Oedogonium sp.
Oocystis sp.
Oscillatoria sp.
Pediastrum boryanum
Peniian sp.
Peridiniion sp.
Quadrigula sp.
Rhizosolenia eriensis
Rhizosolenia sp.
Scenedesmus bijuga
Scenedesmus dimorphus
Scenedesmus quadricauda
Scenedesmus sp.
Schroederia sp.
Sphaerocystis sp.
Staurastrum cuspidatum
Staurastrum gracile
Staurastrum sp.
Staurodesmus connatus
Stephanodiscus sp.
Surirella sp.
Synedra filiformis
Synedra sp.
Synedra ulna
Tdbellaria fenestrata
Tetraedron caudatum
Tetraedron minimum

Table 6 is a summary table presenting station by station the numbers of
phytoplankton species or groups collected, the numbers of individual phyto-
plankters per milliliter, and the Wilhm and Dorris diversity index of each
station's collection. The diversity index of Wilhm and Dorris (1968) is

5 = - I (N^/N) log^ (N^/N)

in which (N^/N) is the percentage of the population, N, that is represented b;
any one species or group, N^, of the collection. Computed for each species oi
group and summed, the calculation yields a diversity index for the station
collection.

33

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37

Search for Riverine Species. E. F. Stoermer (Great Lakes Research Divi-
sion, Univ. of Michigan) has provided the following list of phytoplankton
species and groups which. If heavily dominant In a station collection, could
be taken as evidence of the presence of river water at that station.

Amphora ovalis Navicula oostulata

Amphora sp. Navicula gastrum

Cyclotella meneghiniana Navicula sp.

Melosira granulata Nitzschia acicularis

Melosira granulata v. angustissima Nitzschia sp.

Navicula capitata Synedra ulna
Navicula decussis

Each station collection species list In Appendix B was searched for the
presence and degree of dominance of each of these organisms. Of the total
990 species or groups collected at all stations during the April survey, only
21 were of these riverine forms; of 1,799 total species or groups taken at
all the stations of the July survey, only 51 were riverine forms; of 1,589
total forms taken during the September survey, only 35 were riverine forms;
in November 985 species and groups were captured at all the stations of the
survey, of these only 51 were riverine forms.

In no case did the riverine forms achieve dominant or codominant abun-
dance; in practically all the appearances of these forms they comprised less
than 1% of the station population. During the seasonal surveys of 1971 the
phytoplankton showed no evidence of substantial presence of river water.

A. 5 STUDY OF ZOOPLANKTON

METHODS

On 15 April, 9 July, 2 September, and 8 November 1971 zooplankton were
collected in major coverages of the Cook survey grid. Zooplankton were col-
lected with a 0.5 m diameter #10-mesh net (158y aperature) towed vertically
from near the bottom to the surface. A flowmeter mounted in the net mouth
measured the volume of water passing through the net. Each sample was pre-
served with Koechies fluid, labeled, and then transported to the laboratory
for examination.

Two methods were used to count the samples, the two methods giving

38

equivalent results: 1) Those samples examined prior to 1972 were diluted to
a known volume, mixed with a magnetic stirrer, and then subsampled with a
Henson-Stempel pipette. The 1-ml subsamples were placed in depressions on a
glass spot plate, and as many were enumerated as necessary to give counts of
several hundred for the major taxa. 2) Those samples examined in 1972 and
thereafter were subsampled with a Folsom plankton splitter, each sample being
split as many times as necessary to yield a subsample containing several
hundred of the most common taxa. Two subsamples were then counted using a
circular counting chamber, and two larger subsamples were examined for rarer
forms.

Comparability of the two subsampling methods was discussed in Part XIII,
p. 162, of our report series. In enumerating by the newer method, we have
made a number of taxonomic distinctions that had not been made previously.
The taxon "cyclopoid copepods" was broken down into adult and immature cope-
podids, with adults being further separated according to genus; immature
calanoid copepodids were likewise recorded separately rather than being
lumped with adults in the taxon "diaptomids"; and in the family Bosminidae,
distinction was made between the genera Bosmina and Eubosmina. In addition,
nauplii were counted in those samples examined by the more recent method. In
order that results obtained by the two counting schemes be directly compara-
ble, we have retained the categories "total cyclopoids," "total diaptomids,"
and "total Bosminidae" throughout Table 8. In addition, column totals are
given both with and without nauplii.

At three stations (DC-6, DC-5, and DC-2) identification of adults was
carried to species.

RESULTS

Work on the zooplankton collected in 1971 was completed after we had
finished and reported the 1972 collections. Since a #10 net was used for
both collections and since monthly sampling was carried out for the first
time in 1972, this year furnishes the most useful data for comparison with
the 1971 surveys. The four 1971 dates were a happy choice, for we found four
clearly distinguishable assemblage types. A winter fauna consisting almost
exclusively of adult copepods was still present at the offshore stations in

39

April, an early-summer fauna heavily dominated by Bosmina was present on the
July date, a late-summer fauna consisting of a diverse cladoceran assemblage
dominated by Daphnia was found in September, and a fall collection containing
ephippial cladocera and large numbers of immature copepods was obtained in
November. Data from 1972 indicate that, in the intervening months, transi-
tions between these assemblage types occur. It should be noted, however,
that for several species, population maxima probably occurred in the months
of August (Bosminay Ceriodaphnia) or October (Euhosmina^ Diaptomus Oregon-
ensis); and thus these peaks were missed by the seasonal surveys.

The same 16 general and 21 species noted as common in 1972 (Part XIII,
Table 18) were common during 1971 (Table 7). These are the taxa for which
abundances are listed in Table 8 (samples counted to species) and in Appendix
C (samples counted to genus). We found seven other species only rarely.
Their numbers have been included, however, in the totals given at the bottom
of each column in Table 8 and Appendix C. These species are rare in the Cook
survey area either because they are deep-water forms ( SeneQella^ Daphnia
longiremus) or because they are littoral-benthic species (ParaoyolopSj AloruXj
Alonella^ Eurycercus). Alona and Euryaeraus were found at a large number of
stations during the July survey, all but one of which were less than 20 m in
depth.

The Survey of 15 April 1971

On this date the zooplankton fauna consisted almost entirely of five
copepod species — Cyclops biauspidatus thomasi and the four Diaptomus species

D. ashlandiy D. minutuSj D. oregonensis^ and D. sicilis. Total numbers

3 3

ranged from less than lOOO/m at several inshore stations to over 16,000/m

at one middle-depth station. These numbers were probably close to a yearly
low. Small numbers of immature Diaptomus suggest a winter curtailment of re-
production by at least some of these species, but the abundance of nauplii
indicate accelerated reproduction shortly before the survey date. Diaptomus
minutus females were observed with eggs, and females of D, ashlandi often
carried spermatophores. Limnooalanus maorurus^ which reproduces during the
winter, was present mainly in the naupliar and early copepodid stages (C1-C3) .
Larger numbers of immature cyclopoids were found in the spring of 1971 than in
the spring of 1972; otherwise the assemblages differed little.

40

TABLE 7. The common zooplankton Crustacea (16 genera, 21 species).

Max. % of fauna
In collections

1971 1972

36

A2

<1

<1

5

3

22

43

8

12

7

9

<1

2

<1

1

<1

<1

<1

1

Cyclopoid copepods (2 genera, 3 species)

Cyclops bicuspidatus thomasi S. A. Forbes

Cyclops vemalis Fischer

Tropocy clops prasinus mexicanus Kiefer

Calanoid copepods (4 genera, 7 species)

Diaptomus ashlandi Marsh
Diaptomus minutus Lilljeborg
Diaptomus oregonensis Lilljeborg
Diaptomus sicilis S. A. Forbes
Epischura lacustris S. A. Forbes
Eurytemora affinis (Poppe)
Limnocalanus macncrus Sars

Harpacticoid copepods (1 genus, 1 species)

Canthooamptus sp. <1

Cladocerans (9 genera, 10 species)

Bosmina longirostris (0. F. Muller)
Eubosmina coregoni (Baird)
Ceriodaphnia quadrangula (0. F. Muller)
Chydorus sphaericus (0. F. Muller)
Daphnia galeata mendotae Birge
Daphnia retrocurva S. A. Forbes
Diaphanosoma leuchtenhergianum Fischer
Holopedium gibbevum Zaddach
Leptodora kindtii (Focke)
Polyphemus pediculus (Linn6)

85

85

19

12

1

<1

<1

<1

11

6

28

16

<1

1

10

7

<1

<1

<1

1

Particular interest is given this survey by the presence of a thermal bar
condition in the Cook area. A plot of surface temperatures places the 4*C
isotherm along the 18-m depth contour (Fig. 2). On another survey date, 2 May
1972, we also encountered a thermal bar condition in the area; at this time
the A"" isotherm was located along the 25-m contour. On 12 April 1972, sta-
tions throughout the survey area had surface temperatures less than 4**, while

41

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45

on 11 June 1972 surface temperatures at all stations were greater than 4®C.
On the survey date 25 April 1973 (yet to be reported) a thermal bar was
present, but it had already moved offshore beyond the 7-mile limits of our
sample grid. It thus appears that, within the area we are investigating,
thermal bars are regular but short-lived phenomena.

Stoermer (1968) has reported distinct phytoplankton assemblages on
either side of the thermal bar. These differences he attributed to the pool-
ing of nutrient -rich runoff water inside the bar. It is less likely that the
effects of temporary enrichment could be detected in the populations of zoo-
plankton crustaceans since these animals occupy a higher position in the food
chain and increase their numbers more slowly. However, responses to water
temperature changes would be more immediate, hence the consequences of earlier
warming inshore may be noticeable. Data from the surveys of April 1971 and

May 1972 indicate the following: 1) Copepods are reduced in numbers inside

3 3

the thermal bar (ca. 1000/m versus ca. 5000/m offshore). 2) Nauplii are

3 3

more plentiful in the inshore water (ca. 3000/m versus ca. 500/m outside

the bar) . 3) Highest concentrations of zooplankton are found at stations
located closest to the thermal bar (Fig. 4). We speculate that these results
are attributable to selective predation of the larger copepods by fish moving
into the inshore regions, to increased hatching of eggs in the warmer water,
and to a possible tendency for upward-swimming zooplankters to become concen-
trated in regions where there is convergence and downwelling of the water.

The Survey of 9 July 1971

Of the four surveys, highest numbers of zooplankton were found in July —
several stations having over 100,000 individuals per cubic meter. These
numbers are equivalent to those found in July 1972 but are higher than those
reported for July 1970. The difference can be attributed to a change from
the #5-mesh net used in 1970 to the #10-mesh net used thereafter. Since
Bosmina longirostris accounts for upwards of 50% of the assemblage during
this part of the year, and since the 282 y aperatures of a #5 net are larger
than the length of a first-instar Bosmina ^ more complete catches of this
species probably account for most of the difference. Examination of Figure 4
reveals a random and fairly even spacial distribution of total zooplankton
abundances. However, if the totals are broken down into their three principal

46

components — cyclopoids, diaptomids, and Bosminidae patterns can be seen.
Bosrnina was most abundant at the inshore stations, at some of which it
exceeded 100,000/m and comprised over 80% of the crustaceans collected.
Both Diaptomus and Cyotopa were taken in greatest numbers at the offshore
stations.

Of the Diaptomus species, D. minutus was most abundant, while among the
cyclopoids, only Cyclops bicuspidatus thomasi was common. We found the other
principal cyclopoid, Tropocyolops prasinus mexioanus^ in small numbers. Signc
of reproductive activity were noted in Cyclops^ Tropocyolops^ Diaptomus
ashlandiy D. minutus ^ and D. oregonensis . Limnocalanus was present at the
deeper stations and a few Eurytemora af finis were found in most samples, but
Epischura lacustris was absent from all stations visited in this survey.

Aside from Bosmina^ the only other abundant cladoceran was the large

3
preditor, Polyphemus pediculuSy whose numbers averaged 240/m . We found

roughly equal numbers of the large predaceous rotifer, Asplanohna^ at the in-

3
shore and the offshore stations — ca. 1800/m .

The Survey of 2 September 1971

3

Zooplankton counts averaged 70,000/m in September, 40% higher than Sep-
tember of 1972. Inshore-offshore differences were pronounced on this date,
with all copepod species more abundant at the deeper stations and most of the
cladoceran species more abundant inshore.

As in 1972, immature cyclopoid and calanoid copepods were a substantial

part of the September fauna. They outnumbered adults by more than 5 to 1.

Among the cyclopoids, Tropocyolops was nearly as abundant as Cyclops on this

3
date (ca. 2000/m ); and of the diaptomid adults, D. ashlandi was again (as in

April) the most common species. Both D. ashlandi and D. oregonensis were re-
duced in abundance inshore, but this does not appear to have been true for D.
minutus. The hypolimnetic species D. sicilis and Limnocalanus were absent

from the survey area during September — possibly the result of a deepened

3
thermocline. Highest numbers of Eurytemora (ca. 25/m ) and Epischura (ca.

3
70/m ) were recorded on this date.

The September collections were most notable for their richness in cla-

3

docera. Bosmina abundances averaged 15,000/m , a reduction from averages of

3
57,000/m in July but not the striking crash seen in 1972. Around 700

47

3
Euboamina per m were collected at most stations. Both because of its large

3

size (ca. 1 mm) and its large numbers (ca. 13,000/m ), Daphnia retroaurva can

be said to have been the dominant September organism. The other major Daphnia

species, D. galeata mendotae^ occurred in much smaller numbers. Daphnia were

the only cladocerans with higher abundances at offshore stations (combined

3 3

average of 18,000/m at stations greater than two miles from shore, 11,000/m

inshore) . Ceriodaphnia^ Diaphanpsoma^ Holopediurrij Leptodora^ and Polyphemus

had higher abundances on September 2 than on the other three survey dates. A

particularly strong Holopedivm bloom appears to have been in progress, for we

3 3

found more of this species (ca. 5000/m inshore, 2100/m offshore) than on

ny date in 1972.

3
Asplanohna was also at maximum numbers on this date — ca. 3000/m , con-

3
trasting with an abundance of 500/m on 8 September 1972.

The Survey of 8 November 1971

Smaller zooplankton populations were present in the cooler November

waters. Total abundances were around 31,000 individuals per cubic meter on

this date, a figure closely approximating what we found in November 1972

3
(28,000/m ). All copepod species with the exception of Diaptomus oregonensis

appeared to have declined in number, and all cladoceran species except Eu-
bosmina ooregoni and Daphnia galeata mendotae were markedly reduced from
their September abundances.

As in 1972, over 50% of the fauna consisted of immature cyclopoid and
calanoid copepodids. Immatures generally outnumbered their adult conspecifics
by 8 to 1. As in September, Tropoey clops was nearly as abundant as Cyclops;
but unlike the other three survey dates, cyclopoids were equally abundant in-
shore and away from shore. Both adults and immatures of Diaptomus continued
to show a preference for the deeper offshore water. Diaptomus oregonensis
was the most numerous diaptomid, its fall maximum repeating the October and

November peaks noted for this species in 1972. Eurytemora was virtually ab-

3
sent at this time, while Epischura had an abundance of ca. 35/m . These ob-
servations are, again, repetitions of what we found in 1972. Limnocalanus
was present at the offshore stations but missing from most samples taken in-
shore.

We caught more cladocera in 1971 than in 1972, but in both cases the

48

numbers represent a severe reduction from catches in late summer. Exceptions

3

were Eubosmiruiy whose populations had increased to ca. 5000 /m by November,

3
and Daphnia galeata m. , whose populations stood at 1800/m . These species

seemingly take advantage of the respective declines of Bosmina longirostris
and Daphnia retrocurva. In the falls of 1970 and 1972, the Bosminidae were
concentrated near shore, but no evidence of this can be seen in their hori-
zontal distribution in November 1971. The only other cladoceran species

found in substantial numbers was Holopedium gibberum^ survivors of the Sep-

3

tember bloom numbering 1200/m . Ephippial females of BosmiruXj Eubosmina^

and the two species of Daphnia were frequently encountered in the November

samples.

3
Very few Asplanohna were found (ca. 80/m ), and those we saw carried

resting eggs.

A. 7 STUDY OF BENTHIC ORGANISMS

The following interim report concerns species-level data on macrozoo-
benthos near the Cook Plant for 1971. The April and July data herein have
been presented in Part XIII of this series (Tables 47, 48, 49 and 52 and
Figs. 42-44; Mozley 1973a) in several summarized forms. Also, data at the
major taxa level were presented in Tables 40-43 for all 1971 benthos surveys.
This report includes the basic data tables for April, July and November
surveys at the lowest achievable taxonomic level. September 1971 samples
c-re in storage if species-level analysis should be necessary.

METHODS

In 1971, one cast of the ponar grab-sampler was made at each of the 46

stations to obtain samples. Each cast collected sediments from a surface

2 2
area of about 1/18 m (552 cm ) to a depth of 1 to 10 cm depending on the

penetrability of the substratum. In predominantly silty or finer sediments

the grab was filled to overflowing, but in compacted fine sands the samples

were usually 0.5-2.0 liter in volume. No standard bottom sampler does better.

The Great Lakes Research Division model of the unmodified ponar (not the

Triplex described by Mozley and Chapelsky 1973, use of which began in July

49

1972) was used consistently.

When samples contained major proportions of sand grains more than 0.5 mm
In diameter, the samples were stirred vigorously In a funnel-shaped tub and
animals and fine sediments were decanted onto a 0.5-mm mesh screen. Coarser
material remained In the tub and was discarded after It had been rinsed to
remove all animals. When little or no medium or coarser sand grains were
present, the entire sample washed through the sieve. Sieve residues were
preserved In buffered formalin.

In the laboratory, animals were picked from the residue, counted by
major taxa and transferred to fresh, buffered formalin. For species Identi-
fication, all animals were recounted. Greater skill and more painstaking
procedure resulted in modifications of the original counts, usually by minor
fractions of the total. In particular, a revised procedure involving the use
of compound microscopes led to changes in estimates of numbers of oligochaetes
in the samples. Oligochaetes and chironomid larvae were mounted on microscope
slides for species identification. Only representative specimens of each type
have been retained for future reference, but unmounted amphipods, fingernail
clams (Sphaeriidae) and other animals have been kept in storage.

In the April and July surveys the transects 6.4 km (4 miles) north and
south of the plant site were not analyzed because they were of only minor
interest in view of the time and effort required for species-level analysis.
They are beyond the likely extent of plume effects. The November 1971 samples
from these transects were analyzed, however, since bad weather forced abandon-
ment of the more distant (11 km, or 7 miles along shore from the plant) ref-
erence transects in that month. No samples were available for stations DC-1
or DC-6 in July. Samples from NDC-4-4 and SDC-4-4 were always analyzed be-
cause they added significant information about the deepest part of the survey
area, which was otherwise sparsely sampled.

Taxonomy of Oligochaeta follows J. K. Hiltunen's unpublished keys (per-
sonal communication; Great Lakes Fishery Laboratory, U.S. Department of the
Interior, Ann Arbor, Mich.) and Brinkhurst and Jamieson (1971). Taxonomy of
Sphaerium follows Herrlngton (1962). Taxonomy of Chlronomidae derives from
scattered literature, primarily Roback (1957), Cernovskii (1949) and Mason
(1973), with nomenclature adjusted in conformity with Hamilton et al. (1969).
Pennak (1953) was the basis of other identifications.

50

RESULTS

Appendix D contains all the species-level data from April, July and
November 1971 samples in their present state of analysis. More detailed
identification of Mollusca and exact species names for Chironomidae will be
possible after special studies. While My sis veliota is not strictly a benthic
organism, it is collected in grab samples because of its daytime benthic oc-
currence. We report data on its abundance separately from other benthos at
the end of each table. All further analysis presented in this report derives
from these tables or from Part XV in this series (Mozley 1973b) and Mozley
and Garcia (1972).

Hew Species

The addition of new species to the register of zoobenthos near the Cook
Plant will doubtless continue for the full term of the project as taxonomic
criteria are revised or greater detail is achieved, or simply because any
ecosystem contains a large number of very rare, possibly accidental species
which gradually come to light as sampling continues. This is evident in the
additions which have been made between analysis of the July and November
surveys in 1971. A new unpublished key to aquatic oligochaetes of the Great
Lakes by K. Hiltunen (Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife, U. S. Dept. of
the Interior, Ann Arbor, Mich.) enabled us to distinguish Lirmodvilus spiralis
from L. hoffmeisteri. Ophidonais serpentina and Limnodrilus udekemianus were
rare species, observed for the first time in November 1971. Piguetella
nichiganensis was probably confused with immature Tubificidae without hair
chaetae in earlier surveys. A new type of Chironomidae larvae, Cyptoehirono-
mus sp. 4, appeared in November 1971 for the first time but was represented
by only a single individual. As mentioned in a footnote to Part XV in this
series (Mozley 1973b), the chironomid reported as Monodiamesa cfr. bathyphila
can be identified positively as Monodiamesa tuberaulata since publication of
Saether's (1973) key to the genus in North America. Review of specimens from
all surveys through 1971 showed that only this species was represented in our
collections.

51

Variations in Zoobenthoa with Depth and Season

Figures 7-12 Illustrate the depth distribution patterns, averaged over
all stations, for five of the benthic surveys in 1970 and 1971. September
surveys in both years have not been recounted or identified to species, but
the samples are being held in storage. The diagrams are based on data from
recounts, all of which are published as stated at the beginning of this
section. Each station was represented by a single observation. The stations
which were reanalyzed from each survey are divided by benthic depth zones,
and averages of zoobenthos taken. Table 9 lists the number of observations
in each depth zone and month. Since these were preoperational surveys, ref-
erence area stations and those near the plant site have been combined in the
averages. The only exceptions to arrangement of stations by depth were in
cases in which a particular station was deeper in some months and in others
shallower than a depth boundary; then the station was consistently placed in
the zone corresponding to its depth on a majority of all surveys from July
1970 to April 1972. Appendix tables show the division of stations into
benthic depth zones by extra spaces between zones.

TABLE 9. Numbers of observations on which the averages and standard errors in
Figures 1-6 are based, by depth zone and month.

Depth zone

July 1970 Nov 1970 Apr 1971 July 1971

Nov 1971

(0-7.9 m

5

6

9

8

9

1 (8-15.9 m)

10

12

14

14

12

2 (16-23.9 m)

7

12

12

12

10

3 (24 m or more)

3

5

4

4

5

Figure 7, total animals, illustrates once more (see also Mozley and
Garcia 1972, and previous reports in this series) the strong relationship
between depth and numbers of macroinvertebrates. Benthic zone contained
relatively small numbers of benthic animals. In July 1971 there was about a
five-fold increase in average numbers in zone 0, due mainly to small
Chironomidae (Fig. 7) and Naididae (Table 10) , but there were still only

52

TOTAL ANIMALS

O
I
2

3

JULY 1970

I

2
3

NOVEMBER 1970

I

2
3

APRIL 1971

JULY 1971

I

i

3

ZONE MEANS

STANDARD ERROR
I

^C

NOVEMBER 1971

5000/M^

2
FIG, 7. Mean numbers per m of total animals (benthic macroinverte-

brates excluding My sis reliata) by benthic depth zones and seasons.
Width of kite diagrams at midpoint of each vertical interval is pro-
portional to mean numbers. Scale is given in inset. See Table 1
for zone depth intervals and numbers of observations for each mean.
Dotted lines on November 1970 diagram indicate mean and standard
error for benthic zone 2 excluding anomalous sample from station
SDC-7-3.

53

PL MT

PO

I

2
3

PS

I

2
3

NOVEMBER
1970

I
Z

3

APRIL
1971

I

2
3

y^JULY

1971

r

2
3

NOVEMBER
1971

ZONE MEANS

STANDARD ERROR

^

200 /M^

2
FIG. 8. Mean numbers per m of minor Chironomidae by depth

and season* PI4 ^ Potth<X3tia cfr. longimanus^ MT = Monodiamesa

tubevculataf PO ^ Paraolgdopelma cfr. obsoura^ FN = Paraola-

dopelma nereis^ PP ^ Parachironomus cfr. demeijerei^ FS = P^^j/-

peditum cfi:. aaalaenum. Format as in Figure 1. Scale is given

in inset.

54

ZONE
0.

2

JULY 1970

r

2
3

NOVEMBER 1970

l"
2

3

APRIL 1971

I
2

JULY 1971

A

I

2

3

NOVEMBER 1971

A

I 1

ZONE MEANS

I STANDARD ERROR

±

5000 /M'

FIG. 9. Mean numbers per m of Pontopoveia af finis (PA) and
Stylodvilus heringianua (SH) by depth and season. Format as
in Figure 1.

55

ZONE

0.

I

2
3"

PI

JULY 1970

1"
2"
3

NOVEMBER 1970

1'
2

3

APRIL 1971

I

2
3

JULY 1971

1'
2
3

NOVEMBER 1971

ZONE MEANS
I S TANDARD ERR ORj

5000/ M'

FIG. 10. Mean numbers per m of Pisidium (PI) and Tublficidae
(TU) by depth and season. Both taxa include several species.
Format as in Figure 1. Scale given in inset.

56

ss

6A

JULY
1970

I

2
3

Inovember

jiJl 1970

I

2

3

APRIL
1971

I

Z
3

JULY
1971

j
2
3

NOVEMBER
1971 M

ZONE MEANS

t STANDARD ERROR
I I

j

2

3

500 /M^

2
FIG.^ 11. Mean numbers per m of Sphaerium nitidium (SN) and Sphaerium
striatinum (SS) , which are sphaeriid clams, total Gastropoda (GA) (at
least 3 species) and total Hirudinea (HI, at least 4 species) by depth
and season. Format as in Figure 1. Scale given in inset.

57

I

2
3

JULY
1970

NOVEMBER A
1970 /h\

V

2
3

APRIL
1971

I
2

3

I

2
3

NOVEMBER,
1971

ZONE MEANS

STANDARD ERROR
I— 1

600/ M^

FIG. 12. Mean numbers per m of large Chironomldae by depth
and season. (PR = Proaladius sp., CA = Chironorms anthracinus-
group, CF = Chironomus fluvlatilis-group, CR = Cryptoahironomus
sp. 2. Format as in Figure 1. Scale given in inset.

58

TABLE 10. Average numbers of the more common Naidldae by benthic zones in
July and November 1971 with standard errors.

Species

Month

Benthos depth zones

Nais spp.

Uncinais uncinata

Chaetogaster sp.

Viguetj^ZIa miah-
iganensis

July
Nov.

July
Nov.

July
Nov.

July
Nov.

63.4 ± 37.5 20.6 ± 10.2 3.0 ± 3.0
absent

36.4 ± 27.5 49.1 ± 33.2 4.5 ± 4.5

4.0 ± 4.0 24.1 ±7.0 .

147 ± 122 50.5 t 13.9 99.7 ± 35.0 4.5 + 4.5
absent

not identified

12.1 ± 10.1 109 ± 27.6 1.5 ± 1.5

about 1000 animals/m . The July 1971 survey also indicated higher numbers in
deeper zones in summer than in spring or fall. The lack of similar increases
in July 1970 calls into question its year-to-year regularity, but counts in
July 1970 may be underestimates of the total (see Mozley and Garcia 1972). If
so, summer would appear to be the season of greatest abundance. The one in-
stance in which zone 1 had a higher average than zone 2, November 1970, was
produced by a single sample (SDC-7-3) with an extraordinarily large number of
Tubificidae. If this sample is excluded, the diagram for November 1970 looks
much more like the others (dotted lines). Standard errors of the means for
total animals tended to be smaller in proportion to the means than for most
individual taxa.

Figure 8 shows the extreme seasonal dependence on the abundance of small
Chironomidae in benthic zones and 1. Note that the scale of the diagrams
has been expanded considerably in relation to Figure 7. Paraoladopelma nereis
and Paraohironomus cfr. demeijevei vjere abundant only in July in benthic zone

while Polypedilum cfr. eoalaenum occurred almost exclusively in benthic zone

1 in July. Paracladopelma cfr. obsaura had a broad depth distribution but was
not found in either November survey. Potthastia cfr . longimanus was absent
from both July surveys, and Monodiamesa tuberoulata was more abundant in No-
vember samples than in those taken in other months. Since the terrestrial

59

life phase of Chironomldae lasts only a few days, these larvae must be in the
lake at all seasons. Probably they are too small to be retained in the
sieves or are in diapause in egg or early larval stages except for seasons
in which they appeared in the samples.

Figure 9 shows the patterns of two of the most numerous kinds of zoo-
benthos in the survey area, Pontoporeia affinis^ the araphipod, and the aquatic
worm Stylodrilus heringianus. Both increased greatly in number with increas-
ing depth, and largely determined the pattern shown by total macrobenthos . P.
af finis was more numerous in July than in April or November of the same year,
and means in July and November 1971 were greater than those in the same months
of 1970 in zone 3. These differences were not statistically significant how-
ever. S. heringianus was also more abundant in 1971 than in 1970 and again
primarily in benthic zone 3. S. heringianus was essentially absent from
depths less than 16 m (benthic zones and 1) while P. affinis was numerous
in benthic zone 1 only in July of both years.

Figure 10 shows the bathymetric and seasonal patterns for the other two
numerically dominating taxa, the fingernail clams of the genus Pisidium
(several species) and the diverse aquatic worms of the family Tubificidae.
The only obvious generalization is that neither taxon is very numerous in
samples from benthic zone 0. Pisidium spp. were most abundant in benthic
zone 3 except in July 1970, when sample-picking procedures for the benthos
surveys had not been completely standardized. It is possible that very small
Pisidium (probably P. Qonventus) which are very abundant in deeper samples
were overlooked in that first month. The most numerous identifiable Tubific-
idae were Limnodridus hoffmeisteriy Pelosoolex freyi and Potamothrix mold-
aviensis in most samples (see Appendix D) , but Tubifex tubifex, other LirnnO'-
drilus species and occasionally Potomothrix moldaviensis or Aulodrilus
ameriaanus contributed substantially to the total numbers for this family.
Large proportions of the Tubificidae were unidentified immatures, so that it
was not possible to represent depth distribution or seasonal fluctuations of
individual species. Both means and standard errors for Tubificidae were
largest in one of the two intermediate benthic zones (zone 1 or 2) with the
exception of April. This was due to a tendency for very dense populations of
Tubificidae to occur at a few stations between 8 and 24 m on every survey
(e.g.^ SDC-7-3 in November 1970).

60

Figure 11 shows Mollusca other than Pisidium and total Hirudinea,
Sphaerium nitidum was well represented in benthic zone 2 and usually In zone
3 as well, but samples sizes were extremely variable as shown by broad
standard errors. There was no detectable seasonal variation in distribution
or abundance of this viviparous fingernail clam in 1970-71. Apparent changes
in zone 3 were probably due to the irregularity of population densities (Note
large standard errors), rather than real changes in population size. The
larger but much rarer Sphaerium striatinum was present in the three deeper
zones in all seasons with little if any seasonal changes in abundance. Gas-
tropoda, which were mostly Valvata but included some Lyrrmaea Bultmus (=
Bithynia) appeared to have increased in 1971 over 1970 and to have been most
numerous in benthic zone 2 in November, but their numbers were still very
low. Hirudinea were composed mostly of Belohdella stagnalis. They were
generally very consistent in occurrence and rare, but apparently increased
in benthic zone 2 in July 1970 and November 1971.

Patterns for the larger kinds of Chironomidae larvae are shown in Figure
12. Although Proaladius and Chironomus larvae were occasionally present in
moderate numbers, there was no repeated seasonal pattern in their depth dis-
tribution and occurrence from year to year. The same months in the two suc-
cessive years had different depth distributions and densities of each kind
of larva. Perhaps multiple species with two-year overlapping life cycles in
each of the types of larvae produced this irregularity. Cryptochironomus
sp. 2, however, was more consistent. It was always most abundant in benthic
zoae 1 and its numbers changed little from season to season.

Size and Sex Frequencies in Pontoporeia affinis

Figure 13 provides size and sex frequency histograms for P. affinis in
the major surveys of July and November 1970 and April, July and November
1971. Unfortunately a previous presentation of these data (Mozley 1973a,
Fig. 44) has the benthic zones mislabelled, and benthic zone 3 was divided
into samples from greater and less than 40 m depths. The present Figure 13
is based on the same data but arranged strictly according to benthic zones.
Benthic zone is omitted from the figure because too few amphipods were
present (<30) to indicate population size/sex frequencies. The November 1971
data are shown in Figure 13 for the first time.

61

90i

50

90i

50-

90n

50-
% \

0-

Q

a

• ••

th^

1234 567 1234

lU

D. J

JULY
1970

NOVEMBER
1970

1234 56

APRIL
1971

TL rtB. Jll-m [

dzL

1^ ^ Inh ^^

12 3 4 5 6

JULY
1971

h I h

BENTHIC
ZONE

I 234

NOVEMBER
1971

FIG. 13. Percentages of Pontoporeia af finis populations in size and
season. Star = trace. Classes: 1 = 3 mm long, 2 = 3-4.9 mm long,
3 = 5-7 mm long, 4 = >7 mm long but immature, 5 = gravid females,
6 = spent or postreproductive females, 7 = mature males. Benthic
zone was omitted due to insufficient specimens of P. affinis from
that zone.

In benthic zone 1, P. affinis appears to mature in one year. Maturation
and mating must have occurred in winter, for by April 1971 most of the popu-
lation wer^e females in the process of releasing their young from the brood
chamber. The very smallest size class of Pontoporeia apparently escaped
through the sieve, since young in numbers corresponding to the large propor-
tion of "spent" females did not appear in the samples. By July 1971 most of
the young had grown to lengths over 3 mm, but in the previous July most were
still shorter than 3 mm. In November 1971 most had grown to lengths over
5 mm and were approaching readiness for maturation; the two November surveys
showed no particular differences in size distribution. In benthic zone 3,
the P. affinis populations apparently required two years to mature and re-
produce. Over half the population was still in the smaller size classes

62

(<5 mm) in April 1971, although a few females were releasing young. The
young released in the deeper zones in April were apparent in July in the
smallest size class, while those in zone 1 had reached lengths of 3-5 mm, A
second mode in the size frequency distribution was present at 5-7 mm at the
same time, presumably representing young of 1970. As in zone 1, the P.
af finis young of the year seemed to grow faster in 1971 than in 1970, but the
differences showed up in November rather than July. Benthic zone 2 is inter-
mediate between zones 1 and 3 in the changing patterns of P. affinis size/sex
frequencies. Some individuals may manage to mature in one year, while others
require two years. Mature males were present at a very low percentage in
only one month, July 1970. The males die soon after midwinter reproduction,
while females live several months more to brood their young. Males were ob-
served in the intake forebay of the Cook Plant during early pump trials in
January 1973 (Mozley 1973a). The average abundance of Pontoporeia in zone 1
(Fig. 9) shows large proportional reductions of the population between July
and November in both 1970 and 1971. This may be due to mortality of very
young individuals, or possibly migration to deeper zones as the depth of the
thermocline increases in autumn.

Tubifioidae Maturation

As pointed out above, a large proportion of the Tubificidae was uniden-
tifiable immatures. The immatures which had hair chaeri^a seemed to be attrib-
utable entirely to the species Tubifex tubifex since no other species with
hair chaetae has been found among mature specimens. A report of Ilyodrilus
templetoni (Mozley 1973a, Table 48), after more detailed study, proved
erroneous. Immatures without hair chaetae corresponded to at least 8 speices
(see Appendix D) . The proportion of identifiable matures in the combined
total of matures and immatures of these 8 species was higher in July in both
1970 and 1971 (Table 11) but mature individuals '>^=ire nre5?ent ^ i all seasons.
November 1971 is notable for the extremely low proportions of xuature... The
term "mature," as used here, refers to Tubificidae with well-developed penis
sheaths or spermathecal chaetae. Many specimens in November 1971 had enlarged
clitellar regions, and were obviously mature, but had no identifiable chitin-
ous sexual appendages. Abundance and maturity data are presently insufficient
to determine their growth or reproduction rates or seasonality of their life

63

TABLE 11. Percentages of Tubificidae which were mature in
surveys of 1970 and 1971. Only species which lacked hair
chaetae and could not be identified in the immature stages
are included. * « insufficient specimens (<50) .

Benthlc

depth zone

1

2

3

July 1970

*

55

65

86

November 1970

11

42

22

22

April 1971

40

23

29

27

July 1971

55

72

74

67

November 1971

*

3

2

5

cycles. There is only some indication of intensified reproductive activity
in summer and autumn.

DISCUSSION

These first five surveys have revealed several important facts about

benthic communities in Lake Michigan adjacent to the Cook Plant, facts which

are relevent to interpretation of apparent operational effects in years to

come. Many of them were unknown or inadequately understood prior to these

surveys. Other results merely confirm information derived from previous

studies in Lake Michigan or in other Great Lakes. This latter information

includes a tendency o^fr increases in abundance with increasing depth near

shore and the overall taxonomic composition in the deeper zones. The first

area of new information is the difference between benthic zone 0, or depths

less than 8 m, and deeper zones. The zoobenthos is dominated by Chironomidae

of several species, and more typical Great Lakes species are rare, such as

Pontoporeia af finis, various Tubificidae and Pisidiwn spp. Total macro-

2
benthos numbers per m are very low in relation to numbers in deeper zones.

Seasonal changes in the character of the fauna are large, especially in mid-
summer. Small Chironomidae larvae and possibly certain Naididae become
common in summer, but are absent or very rare in other seasons. While some
of the Chironomidae in zone are also common in deeper zones, a few kinds of
larvae occur primarily in this zone (Paraaladopelma nereis and Parachironorms
ctr. demeijerei. This is the zone into which the Cook Plant will discharge

64

its heated effluent. Differences in species between this and deeper zones
indicate that the shallow water zoobenthos may be adapted to broader thermal
fluctuations and less stable substrates than the typical Great Lakes benthic
fauna, i.e. Pontoporeia^ StylodriluSy and various Sphaeriidae.

A second consideration is the year-to-year differences in numbers of
several species. Figures 7-12 show especially large fluctuations in large
Chironomidae (Fig. 12) and Tubificidae (Fig. 10). Pontoporeia seems to have
been more numerous and to have grown faster in zones 1 and 3, in 1971 than in
1970 (Figs. 9 and 13). Means of Stylodrilus were higher in 1971 as well.
Preoperational studies have continued and even intensified in 1972 and 1973,
so that the more common types of year-to-year fluctuations should be distin-
guishable from changes due to plant operation. Statistical approaches to this
problem are also underway as exemplified by Part XVIII in this report series
(Johnston 1973).

Large statistical fluctuations in the data from shallower benthic depth
zones particularly will also make detection of change more difficult. The
1973 annual report in this series (Seibel and Ayers 1974) deals with this
issue in more detail, including presentation of an intensive sampling experi-
ment conducted in April 1973 to ascertain the effects of replication at
stations and within regions of the survey area on the precision of numerical
estimates. Subsequent to April 1972, replication has been performed at each
station on all surveys. Subdivision of the survey area into benthic depth
zones has been discussed at some length in earlier reports (Mozley and Garcia
1972; Mozley 1973a and b) and the bases for establishment of this approach
have not changed with the addition of further data. The unique features of
zone were discussed above. Zone 1 is characterized by a large variety of
species, and increased total abundance over zone 0. Zone 2 is characterized
by the appearance of large populations of Pontoporeia^ Stylodrilus and
Sphaerium nitidum. Its upper boundary is particularly well marked by in-
creases in the numbers of Pontoporeia relative to zone 1 in April and the two
Novembers; Pontoporeia is more common in zone 1 in the two Julys. Subdivision
in this way helps reduce some of the numerical variation in zoobenthos over
the survey area by focusing on more homogeneous subareas, and provides a
system for combining the single observations per station in earlier surveys
to obtain estimates of the sample size variance (see also Johnston 1973).

65

Treatment of the data in this report has been descriptive and intuitive,
i.e.^ no attempt is made here to apply statistical tests to the conclusions
about pattern or differences. This is because the sampling design by which
the data were obtained was based on the expectation that detailed statistical
analysis would not be necessary. We now recognize that a more careful, sta-
tistical approach to analysis is needed, and have been engaged in alterations
of design and procedure since 1972. The plan for statistical treatment of
1970-71 data has been presented in Part XVIII of this series (Johnston 1973).
A preliminary discussion of alterations in sampling design and analysis which
were begun in 1972 has already been presented (Mozley 1973a).

REFERENCES

Brinkhurst, R. 0. and B. G. M. Jamieson. 1971. Aquatic Oligochaeta of the
world. Univ. Toronto Press, Toronto. 860 p.

Cernovskii, A. A. 1949. Identification of larvae of the midge family Tendi-
pedidae. In: E. N. Pavlovskii (ed.). Identification of USSR Fauna No.
31. USSR Acad. Sci. Press, Moscow, 185 p. English edition: E. Lees
(Trans.) and K. E. Marshall (ed.). National Lending Lib. Sci. Tech.,
Boston Spa, Yorkshire, England, 229 p.

Hamilton, A. L. , 0. A. Saether and D. R. Oliver. 1969. A classification of
the nearctic Chironomidae . Fish. Res. Bd. Canada, Tech. Rep. No. 124,
42 p.

Herrington, H. B. 1962. A revision of the Sphaeriidae of North America

(Mollusca: Pelecypoda) . Univ. Michigan Mus, Zool. Misc. Pub. No. 118,
74 p.

Johnston, E. M. 1973. Effect of a thermal discharge on benthos populations:
statistical methods for assessing the impact of the Cook Nuclear Plant.
Benton Harbor Power Plant Limnological Studies. Univ. Michigan, Great
Lakes Res. Div. Spec. Rep. 44 (Pt. XVIII), 20 p.

Mason, W. T., Jr. 1973. Introduction to the identification of chironomid

larvae. Anal. Qual. Contr. Lab., Nat. Envir. Res. Center, U.S. Environ-
mental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio. 90 p.

Mozley, S. C. 1973a. Study of benthic organisms. In: J. C. Ayers and E.
Seibel, Benton Harbor Power Plant Limnological Studies. Part XIII.
Cook Plant Preoperational Studies 1972. Univ. Michigan, Great Lakes
Res. Div. Spec. Rep. 44 (Pt. XIII), p. 178-250.

. 1973b. Study of benthic organisms. In: J. C. Ayers, S. C.

66

Mozley and J. C. Roth, Renton Harbor Power Plant Limnologlcal Studies.
Part XV: The biological survey of 12 November 1970. Univ. Michigan,
Great Lakes Res. Div. Spec. Rep. 44 (Pt. XV), p. 26-63.

and 0. Chapelsky. 1973. A ponar grab modified to take three

samples in one cast, with notes on ponar construction. Proc. 16th Conf,
Great Lakes Res. 1973: 97-99.

and L. C. Garcia. 1972. Benthic macrofauna in the coastal zone

of southeastern Lake Michigan. Proc. 15th Conf. Great Lakes Res. 1972:
102-116.

Pennak, R. W. 1953. Freshwater invertebrates of the United States. Ronald
Press, New York. 769 p.

Roback, S. S. 1957. The immature tendipedids of the Philadelphia area.
Monogr. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia No. 9, 152 p.

Saether, 0. A. 1973. Taxonomy and ecology of three new species of Mono-
diamesa Kieffer, with keys to Nearctic and Palearctic species of the
genus (Diptera: Chironomidae) . J. Fish. Res. Bd. Canada 30: 665-699.

Seibel, E. and J. C. Ayers (eds.). 1974. The biological, chemical, and
physical character of Lake Michigan in the vicinity of the Donald C.
Cook Nuclear Plant. Univ. Michigan, Great Lakes Res. Div. Spec. Rep.
No. 51, 475 p.

Stoermer, E. F. 1968. Nearshore phytoplankton populations in the Grand
Haven, Michigan vicinity during thermal bar conditions. Proc. 11th
Conf. Great Lakes Res., p. 137-150.

Wilhm, J. L., and T. C. Dorris. 1968. Biological parameters for water
quality criteria. Bioscience 18(6): 477-481.

67

APPENDIX A. PHYSICAL MEASUREMElTrS

15 April

1971

Station

DC-;

DC-2

DC-3

DC-4

DC-5

DC.6

NDC-.25-1

NDC-.5-1

Tl«e. EST

1644
N

1023
Calm

1658
N

1712
N

1729
N

1756
H

1005
Calm

0934

Wind Direction

Calm

Wind Speed, knts

2

2

2

5

8

Sea HeiKht. ft

Cloudlesa

0.5
Cloudless

Cloudless

Partly

Partly

Clear

0.5

Cloudless

0.25

Weather

Cloudless

Hasy

Haxy
Warm

Hazy

cloudy
Hazy

cloudy
Hazy

Hazy

Hazy
Warm

Secchi Disc, m

1.3

1.9

2.0

3.0

3.9

4.8

1.9

1.0

Hater Color

Milky

Milky

Slightly

Slightly

Clear

Clear

Milky

Yellowish

yellowish

green

milky

milky

pale

pale

light

green-

green

grey-
green

grey-
green

green

grey-
green

green

brown

Surface Water

Temperature. *C

9.5

5.3

6.9

3.6

3.3

2.6

5.5

6.3

Water Depth, ft

20

42

57

66

80

132

41

12

Bottom Type

Brown

Fine

Slightly

Silty

Fine

1/2"

Fine

Fine- to

coarse

brown

sllty

fine

brown

brown

brown

-medium

sand and

sand.

medium &

brown

sand

silty

sand

sand

pebbles

few

coarse

sand

over

very

with clay

pebbles

brown

3/4"

fine

inclusion

sand

grey

sand

2" long

silt
over
black
silt

over
black
sandy
silt

Station
Time. E!
Wind Pi
Wind Sp
Sea Hei
Weather

Time

, EST

Wind

Direction

Wind

Speed,

knts

Sea 1

Heisht.

ft

NDC-.5-2 NDC-.5-3 NDC-1-1
0950 1942 0907
Calm NE Calm

0.5

0.25

Cloudless Partly Clear
Hazy cloudy Warm

NDC-1-2

NDC-1-3

NDC-2-1

NDC-2-2

0851

1926

0815

0805

Calm

HE

S

S

3

1

2

0.5

0.5

Sunny
Hazy

Partly
cloudy

Clear
Cool

Clear
Cool

Secchi Disc, m
Water Color

Surface Water
Temperature. *C

Water Depth, ft

Bottom Type

1.5

1.6

0.9

1.6

2.7

1.0

1.2

Milky

Slightly

Greenish

Greenish

Clear

Yellowish

Greenish

light

milky

yellowish

yellowish

green-

greenish

yellowish

green

grey

grey

grey

bro%m

brown

5.5

6.1

5.8

4.9

3.8

5.6

5.1

27

57

16

41

57

16

25

Fine

Silty

Coarse

Fine

Slightly

Medium-

Fine

bro%m

brown

brown

brown

silty

coarse

brown

sand w/

sand

sand w/

sand

fine

sand,

sand.

trace of

over

a few

brown

small

trace of

black

black

pebbles

sand w/

pebbles

black

silt

silt

grey silt
lumps

silt

68

Appendix A. 15 April 1971 continued.

Station

llDC-2-3

NDC-2-A

NDC-4-1

NDC-A-2

NDC-4-3

NDC-4-4

NDC.7.1

NDC-7-?

Time, EST

0833

1901

0740

0720

2013

1828

2141

2130

Wind Direction

SE

NE

S

S

NE

NE

E

E

Wind Speed, knts

2

8

5

9

4

10

4

8

Sea Height, ft

0.5

0.5

0.5

Weather

Clear

Partly
cloudy

Sunny
Hazy

Sunny
Hazy

Clear

Partly
cloudy

Clear

Clear

Secchi Disc, m

1.8

3.5

0.9

0.9

4.2

Water Color

Yellowish

Clear

Yellowish

Yellowish

Clear

green

green-
grey

greenish
brown

greenish
brown

green-
grey

Surface Water

Temperature, 'C

4.7

2.9

7.0

7.0

4.9

2.2

7.5

7.3

Water Depth, ft

53

84

10

19

61

154

21

26

Bottom Type

Fine

Silty

Fine- to

Fine

Clean

1 3/4"

Coarse

Clean

brown

fine

-medium

brown

brown

brown

brown

fine

brown

brown

sand

medium-

fine-

sand w/

brown

clams &

sand

sand

fine

sandy

shell

sand

■hells

sand

silt
over

gelatinous
grey clay

pieces

Station
Time. EST
Wind Direction
Wind Speed, knts
Sea Height, ft
Weather

NDC-7-3 NDC-7-4 NDC-7-5

2115 2100 2040

NE NE NE

8 8 8

Clear

Clear

Clear

SDC-.

25-1

SDC-.

5-1

$DC-,5-?

?pc-,5-3

1038

1109

1055

1625

Calm

SW

Calm

NNE

1

2

0.5

0.5

Cloudless
Hazy

Sunny

Hazy

Warm

Cloudless

Hazy

Warm

Cloudless
Hazy

S rcchi Disc, m
Water Color

Surface Water
Temperature, *C

Water Depth, ft

Bottom Type

1.8

1.0

1.9

2.0

Milky

Milky

Milky

Milky

light

greenish

light

yellowish

green

yellow

green

green-
grey

5.7

5.1

3.4

5.8

7.3

5.7

6.1

45

56

77

41

17

28

55

Fine- to

Fine

3/4"

Coarse

Medium

Silty

Slightly

-medium

brown

silty

brown

and

fine

silty

brown

sand w/

fine

sand

coarse

brown

fine

sand

some

brown

brown

sand

brown

black

sand

■and

sand

silt

over

lumps

gelatinous
grey clay

69

Appendix A, 15 April 1971 continued.

Station

SDC-l-l

SDC-1-2

SDC-1-3

SDC-2-1

SDC-2-2

SDC-2-3

SDC-2-4

SDC-4-1

Time. EST

1125

llAO

1610

1229

1220

1201

1551

1326

Wind Direction

Calm

Calm

NE

sw

NE

SW

NNE

Calm

Wind Speed, knts

4

1

0-5

2

5

Sea Height, ft

0.25

Weather

Cloudless

Haiy

Warm

Sunny

Hazy

Warm

Partly
cloudy
Hazy

Sunny

Hazy

Warm

Cloudless

Cloudless

Hazy

Warm

Cloudless
Hazy

Cloudless
Hazy

Secchi Disc, m

1.1

1.5

2.9

0.7

1.4

2.5

4.0

0.9

Water Color

Milky
green

Milky
green

Slightly
milky
green-
grey

Yellowish

milky

green

Milky
light
yellowish
green

Milky
green

Pale
green-
grey

Brownish

milky

green

Surface Water
Temperature. *C

6.3

7.3

3.7

8.1

7.1

5.9

3.2

7.8

Water Depth, ft

15

23

66

14

28

53

76

19

Bottom Type

Coarse

brown

sand

Fine

brown

sand

Slightly

silty

fine

brown

sand

Clean
fine- to
-medium
brown
sand

Fine- to
-medium
sand, white
shell bits,
some black
silt

Clean
fine
brown
sand

Silty

fine

brown

sand w/

lumps of

grey-black

silt

Coarse

brown

sand

Station

SDC-4-2

SDC-4-3

SDC-4-4

SDC-7-1

SDC-7-2

SDC-7-3

SDC-7-4

SDC-7-5

Tine, EST

1314

1254

1518

1401

1352

1416

1433

1452

Wind Direction

Calm

NE

NNE

Calm

Calm

N

N

NE

Wind Speed, knts

1

6

1

2

3

Sea Height, ft

Weather

Cloudless
Hazy

Cloudless
Hazy

Cloudless
Hazy

Cloudless
Hazy

Cloudless
Hazy

Cloudless
Hazy

Water Color

Surface Water
Temperature. *C

Water Depth, ft

Bottom Type

1.8

3.0

5.3

1.1

2.0

2.4

2.7

3.9

Milky

Clear

Clear

Milky

Milky

Slightly

Slightly

Greenish

yellowish

green-

grey-

yellow-

pale

milky

milky

grey

green

grey

green

green

green

green-
grey

green-
grey

7.1

5.1

2.5

7.5

7.1

6.3

5.6

3.8

28

61

105

15

28

52

55

71

Fine

Fine

1" fine

Clean

Fine

Slightly

Clean

Silty

brown

silty

brown

medium

slightly

silty

fine

fine

sand

brown

sand over

sand

silty

fine

brown

browi

sand w/

gelatinous

medium

brown

sand

•and w/

grey silt

grey clay

i«nd v/

sand

largn

lunpi

«i«bbltg

blucK

iilt

lumps

70

Appendix A continued, 9 July 1971.

Station

DC-2

DC-3

'OC-4

ix:-5

DC-6

Time. EST

1103

1648

1701

1721

1745

Wind Direction

Variable

Variable

Variable

N

Wind Speed, knts

5-10

1

Clearing
Bright

5-10

1

Clearing

5-10

1

Clearing

6

Sea Height, ft

1

Weather

Squall
Clouds

HDC-.25-1 NDC-,5-1

Overcast

Hasy

Wars

Secchi Disc, m

4.9

8.0

4.5

6.0

10.5

10.3

3.3

Water Color

Milky

Clear

Milky

Slightly

Clear

Clear

Milky

light

green

brownish

milky

dark

light

brownish

green

light
green

green

green

green

green

Surface Water

Temperature, 'C

22.9

22.8

21.1

21.2

21.0

22.9

23.0

Water Depth, ft

43

58

67

81

129

43

23

Bottom Type

Silty

Medium &

1.5" silty

Fine

1.5" tan

Silty

Slightly

fine

coarse

fine brown

brown

silty

fine

silty

brown

sand with

sand with

silty

slightly

sand

coarse

sand

silt
inclusions

silt

inclusions
over sandy
silt

sand

sandy clay
over grey
very
slightly
sandy clay

sand

Station
Time. EST
Wind Direction
Wind Speed, knts
Sea Height, ft
Weather

Water Color

Surface Water
Temperature. *C

Water Depth, ft

Bottom Type

1041
N

9

1

Overcase

Hazy

Warm

2.5

NDC-.5-3

23.0

28

Silty
fine
brown
sand

10.0

Very milky Clear
slightly- blue-
brownish green
green

22.4

58

Silty

fine

sand

NDC-l-l
1026

3.6

Milky
light
green

23.0
21

NDC-1-2

1010

N

6

1

Partly
cloudy
Hazy
Warm

7.0

Slightly
milky
light
green

22.9
39

NDC-1^3 NDC-2-1 NDC-2-2 NDC^2-3
0839

10.5

21.4
68

Silty Silty Silty
coarse fine fine
sand & sand with sand
granules organic

inclusions

3.4

Clear Milky
blue- light
green green

22.8

16

Slightly

silty

brown

medium

sand

3.0

22.8

31

Silty
fine
brown
sand

10.2

Milky Clear
light blue-
green green

22.8

53

Silty

fine

sand

71

Appendix A, 9 July 1971 continued.

Station

fflM?-?-A

HDC-4-1

NDC-4-2

NDC-4-3

NDC-4-A

NDC-7-1

NDC-7-2

NDC-7-3

Tl»e. EST

1851

1920

1823

2057

20A6

2030

Wind Direction

N

M

N

N

N

N

N

Wind Speed, knts

6

9

8

6

0-5

0-5

6

Sea Height, ft

1

1

1

1

0.5

0.5

0.5

Veathcr

Cloudy

Partly
cloudy
Warm

Overcast

Cloudy

Clouding

Clouds
Dusk

Clouds
Dusk

Cloudy
Dusk

Secchi Disc, m
Water Color

Surface Water
Temperature. *C

Water Depth, ft

Bo t tow Type

5.8

3.0

3.2

8.0

9.0

Clear

Milky

Milky

Clear

Clear

dark

light

light

green

dark

green

green

green

green

20.5

22.8

22.8

22.8

20.5

23.0

22.8

23.0

84

18

24

63

164

15

26

48

Fine

Fine

Coarse

Fine

0.5" brown

Fine

Slightly

Slightly

brown

silty

clean

sand

brown

sandy silt

brown

silty fine

silty

•and with

sand

grey

silty

over grey

silty sand

brown sand

fine

grey a

Jilty

with

sand with

slightly

with some

with some

brown

inclusions

silt

grey s

ilt

sandy

coarse

coarse

sand

inclusions silt

sand

sand

Station

NDC-7-4

NDC-7-5

SDC-.25-1

SDC-.5-1

SDC-,

,±

-2_

SDC-.5-3

SDC-1-1

SDC-1-2

Time. EST

2013

1950

1136

1125

1633

1154

1212

Wind Direction

N

N

Variable

Wind Speed, knts

6

6

'

5-10

Sea Height, ft

1

1

1

Weather

Clouds

Cloudy

Clearing
Bright

Secchi Disc, m

Water Color

Surface Water
Temperature. *C

Water Depth, ft

Bottom Type

5.5

6.0

4.9

1.75

2.5

9.0

2.2

4.1

Clear
green

Clear

dark

green

Milky
light
green

Milky
light
green

Milky
light
green

Clear

dark

green

Milky
light
green

Milky
light
green

23.0

22.1

23.0

23.0

22.9

23.0

22.9

23.0

58

80

43

16

30

62

21

41

Medium
silty

brown sand
with large
grey silt
inclusions

Fine &

medium

silty

brown

sand

Fine

silty
sand

Clean

fine

sand

Fine

silty

sand

Fine
brown
silty sand
with silty
inclusions

Silty
medium
sand &
granules

Silty

fine

sand

72

Appendix A, 9 July 1971 continued.

Station

SPC-1-3

m-i-i

SPg-^2

5PC-2-3

5PC-2-4

5pq-4-j

§D^-4-?

SDC-4^?

Time. EST

1615

1242

1232

1226

1553

1331

1322

1304

Wind Direction

Variable

W

Variable

W

W

Wind Speed, knts

5-10

16

5-10

8

8

Sea Height, ft

1

1

1

1

Weather

Clearing
Bright

Squall
clouds
Cooling

Overcast

Partly
cloudy
Warmer

Overcast
Cooler

Secchl Disc, m

9.0

3.7

3.25

5.8

9.5

2.75

5.0

5.5

Water Color

Clear

dark

green

Milky
light
green

Milky
light
green

Slightly
milky
light
green

Clear

dark

green

Milky
light
green

Slightly
milky
light
green

Slightly
milky
light
green

Surface Water
Temperature, 'C

22.4

22.6

22.8

22.0

22.7

22.8

22.9

Water Depth, ft

66

15

29

53

78

21

29

62

Bottom Type

Medium
brown sand
with silt
inclusions
& small
pebbles

Clean

fine

sand

Slightly
sllty
fine
sand

Grey soft
sandy clay
with soft
grey
organic
inclusions

0.5" fine
brown sllty
sand over
black
sandy silt

Clean
coarse
sand &
granules

Fine

sllty

sand

Fine

sllty

sand

Station

SDC-4-4

SDC-7-1

Time. EST

1521

1405

Wind Direction

Variable

S

Wind Speed, knts

5-10

0-3

Sea Height, ft

1

1

Wc ther

Overcast

Overcast

SDC-7-2 SDC-7-3
1352 1419

SDC-7-^4 SDC-7-5

1435 1451

Variable Variable

5-l6 5-10

1 1

Overcast Overcast

Secchl Disc, m

9.0

4.0

5.0

5.5

5.5

7.0

Water Color

Clear

dark

green

Milky
light
green

Clear
light
green

Clear
green

Clear
green

Clear

dark

green

Surface Water

Temperature, 'C

22.1

22.8

22.8

22.8

23.0

23.1

Water Depth, ft

104

15

31

51

56

72

Bottom Type

0.5" fine
brown
sllty sand
over sandy
grey silt

Slightly

sllty

fine

brown

sand

Sllty
fine
brown
sand &
small

Sllty
medium
sand over
tough
grey clay

Sllty
fine
brown
sand

0.5" fine
brown sllty
sand over
grey sandy
silt

pebbles

73

Appendix A continued, 2 Sept. 1971.

Station

W-2

DC-3

Q£=l

SC=2.

DC-6

WQzj.

25-1

WDC-.5-1

HBC-.5-2

Time. EST

1023
SE

1558
SW

1612
SW

1631
SW

1657
SE

1012

0951
SSE

1001

Wind Direction

Wind Speed, knts

5

5

8

6

8

5

Sea HelRht. ft

0.25

Partly
cloudy
Hazy
Warm

Ripples

2 inches

0.25

Partly
cloudy

0.25

Cloudless
Hazy

0.25

Hazy
Warm

Weather

Secchl Disc, m

4.0

6.0

5.3

4.9

5.4

4.9

3.3

4.0

Water Color

Milky
light
green

Clear
light
green

Milky
light
green

Very
milky
light
green

Milky
light
green

Slightly
milky
light
green

Milky
light
green

Milky
light
green

Surface Water
Temperature, 'C

20.8

22,4

21.8

22.1

23.1

20.8

20.4

20.7

Water Depth, ft

40

54

65

78

133

40

16

27

Bottom Type

Fine
sllty
brown
sand

Sllty
fine

brown sand
with black
silt-clay

Sllty fine
brown sand
with black
silt-clay
Inclusions

0.5" tan
fine sand
over grey
grltless
soft clay

0.25" tan
sand over
girey

grltless
soft clay

Fine sand
with a few
grey clay
inclusions

Sllty
fine
brown
sand

Sllty

fine

sand

Station
Time. EST
Wind Direction
Wind Speed, knts
Sea Height, ft
Weather

Secchl Disc, m
Water Color

Surface Water
Temperature. *C

Water Depth, ft

Bottom Type

NDC-.5-3

0907

SSE

5

0.25

Heavy

hazy

Warm

5.8

Clear
light
green

20.4
53

HDC-1-1
0939

Hazy
Warm

4.0

Milky
light
green

20.5
14.5

Fine sand Sllty

with grey brown

clay medium

inclusions sand

NDC-1-2

0927

5.2

Slightly
milky
light
green

NDC-1-3

0853

NDC-2-1 NDC-2-2
0824 0805

WDC-2-3
0836

Fog

5.5

Clear
light
green

20.5

38

Sllty fine
sand with
a few
grey clay
Inclusions

20.8
65

3.8

Milky
light
green

20.3
14

Fog

3.8

Milky
light
green

20.3
31

5.2

Slightly

milky

green

20.4
49

NDC-2-4

1756

SW

3

0.25

Clear

Slightly

hazy

5.0

Milky
light
green

21.8
81

Sllty fine Slightly Sllty fine Fine sllty 0.5" fine
sand with sllty sand with sand with brown

black organic sllty sand
organic soil over
inclusions Inclusions slightly

sandy soft
grey clay

organic medium
Inclusions brown
sand

74

Appendix A, 2 Sept. 1971 continued.

Station

NDC-4-1
0729

NDC-4-2
0751

NDC-4-3
1821

NDC-4-4
1726

NDC-7-1

Tine. EST

1946

Wind Direction

SSW

8W

Wind Speed, knts

8

5

Sea Height, ft

0.5

0.25

Weather

Fog

Clear

Slightly

hazy

Secchi Disc, m

3.9

4.0

6.0

4.5

Water Color

Brownish
green

Slightly-
brownish
green

Clear
green

Milky
light
green

Surface Water

Temperature, 'C

20.3
15

20.3
27

21.8
59

22.2
145

23.1

Water Depth, ft

15

Bottom Type

KDC-7-2 NDC-7-3
1937 1910

27

Slightly Slightly

■ilty silty

fine fine

■and ■and

21,9
44

sw

7

0.33

Few clouds
Du^k

Clear
light
green

21.1
54

Silty sand Slightly Slightly Brown
granules sandy silty medium
& gravel soft fine sand with organic
grey brown some silt soil and
clay sand plant

resMiins
inclusions

Fine brown Silty fine
sand with brown sand
with a few
dark
organic
inclusions

Station

NDC-7-5

SDC-.25-1

SDC-.5-1

SDC-.5-2

SDC-.5.3

SDC-1-1

SDC-1-2

spc-i-3

Time. EST

1846

1033

1051

1042

1544

1104

1116

1529

Wind Direction

SE

Calm

SW

Calm

SW

Wind Speed, knts

5

,6

4

Sea Height, ft

0.25

0.25

Ripples

Ripples

Weather

Partly
cloudy
Sunset

Partly
cloudy
Hasy
W^rm

Partly
cloudy
Hazy
Warm

Partly
cloudy
Hazy
Warm

Partly
cloudy
Hazy
Warm

S'.cchi Disc, m

5.5

4.75

2.5

3.75

6.0

3.25

4.5

5.1

Watr- Color

Clear
green

Milky
light
green

Milky
light
green

Milky

yellowish

green

Milky
light
green

Milky
light
green

Milky
light
green

Clear
light
green

Surface Water

Temperature, 'C

21.8

20.7

20.7

21.0

21.7

21.1

21.8

21.8

Water Depth ^ ft

75

41

16

27

52

19

Slightly

silty

fine

brown

■and

39

Silty
fine
brown
sand

62

Silty
fine
brown
sand

Bottom Type

0.5" fine
brown sand
over sandy
■oft grey
clay

Fine
silty
brown
sand

Silty
fine
brown
sand

Silty
fine
brown
sand

Silty
fine
brown
sand

75

Appendix A, 2 Sept. 1971 continued.

StAtion

SDC-a-l

SDC-2-2

SDC-2-3

SDC-2-4

§PC.4-1
1248

$DC-4.
1239

zL

§DC-4.3
1220

5DC-4-4
1439

TlM^ EST

115A

1144

1130

1509

Wind Direction

Calm

Calm

SW

Calm

Calm

Calm

Calm

Wind Speed, knta

6

Sea Height, ft

Ripples

Weather

Clear
Hazy

Warm

Clear
Warm

Ha«y

Warm
Humid

Partly
cloudy
Humid
Hasy

Secchi Disc, n

3.5

Milky

yellowish

green

4.5

Milky
light
^reen

5.25

Milky
light
green

4.7

Very

white

milky

3.75

Milky
light
green

4.25

Clear
light
green

5.2

Slightly

milky

light

6.0

Water Color

Clear
green

green

green

Surface Water

Temperature, *Q

21.1

21,1

21.1

21.0

21.6

21.1

Water Depth, ft

10

25

50

75

13

27

59

106

Bocton Type

Slightly

•ilty

fine

brown

•and

Silty

fine

sand

Silty
fine
brown
sand

Grey
gritless
soft
clay

Slightly

silty

fine

brown

sand

Silty fine
brown sand
with soft
grey clay
inclusions

Silty
fine
brown
sand

0.5" sandy
silt over
soft grey
gelatinous
clay

Station

SDC-7-1

SDC-7-2

SDC-7-

-J_

SDC-7-4

SDC-7-5

Time. EST

1313

1325

1336

1351

1408

Wind Direction

Calm

Calm

Wind Speed, knts

'

Sea Height, ft

Weather

Partly

cloudy

Local

rain

Warm

Partly
cloudy
Warm

Partly
cloudy
Haty

Secchi Disc^ m

4.0

6.2

6.0

6.0

6.0

Water Color

Slightly
milky
light
green

Slightly
milky
light
green

Slightly

milky

green

Very
slightly
milky
green

Clear
green

Surface Water
Temperature. 'C

21.8

21.3

23.2

22.8

20.4

Water Depth, ft

13

27

48.5

53

68

Bottom Type

Slightly

silty

fine

brovn

sand

Slightly

silty

fine

brown

sand

Silty fine
brown sand
with

silty-clay
inclusions

Silty fine
brown sand
with small
pebbles

Fine

brown

silty sand

with

silty-clay

inclusions

76

Appendix A continued, 8 Nov. 1971.

Station DC-1 PC-»2

Time. EST 1017 1007

Wind Direction

Wind Speed, knts

Sea Height, ft

Weather

DC-3

DC-A

DC^5

DC-6

llDC-,2?-l

NDC..5-1

1140

1421

1340

1746

0955

0906

8E

S

SEE

10

12

18

2

3

2-3

Partly Partly Overcast
cloudy cloudy Cold

Secchi Disc, m

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

2.0

1.5

Water Color

Milky
light
green

Milky
light
green

Milky
green

Milky
green

Milky
green

Milky
light
green

Milky
light
green

Surface Water
Temperature. *C

9.8

10.5

11.0

11.3

11.9

9.0

10.3

9.2

Water Depth, ft

23

40

56

65

80

133

40

16

Bottom Type

Fine

silty

sand

Clean

coarse

sand

Fine
sand
with
clay

Silty

fine

sand

Very
silty
fine
sand

Brown

sandy clay
over grey
gelatinous
clay

Slightly
silty
coarse
sand

Clean

fine

sand

Station

NDC-.5-2

NDC-.5-3

NDC-l-l

NDC-1-2

NDC-1-3

NDC-2-1

NDC-2-2

NDC-2-3

Time, EST

0916

1153

0854

1207

1403

0840

0826

1227

Wind Direction

SSE

S

SSW

Wind Speed, knts

8

15

10

Sea Height, ft

0.5

2

1

Weather

Partly
cloudy
Cold
(36T)

Partly
cloudy
Cold
(42*F)

Si*cchi Disc, m

2.0

2.0

1.5

1.5

1.0

2.0

1.5

Water Color

Milky
light
green

Milky
green

Milky
light
green

Milky
green

Green

Milky
green

Milky
light
green

Milky
green

Surface Water
Temperature, "C

10.1

11.0

9.3

10.5

11.5

9.3

10.2

11.2

Water Depth, ft

28

55

14

37

66

14

27

50

Bottom Type

Silty
sand

Silt

and

clay

Silty
sand

Clean

fine

sand

Fine sand
with black
gelatinous
silt
inclusions

Clean

fine

sand

Silty
sand

Slightly
silty fine
brown
sand

77

Appendix A, 8 Nov. 1971 continued.

Station

NDC-2-A

NDC-4-1

NDC-A-2

NDC-.A-3

NDC.4-4

spc-,25-1

SDC-.5-1

SDC-.5-2

Time. EST

1317

0740

0810

1244

1825

1030

1049

1041

Wind Direction

SSE

SSE

S

8

Wind Speed, knts

15
1

8

1

12
1

20
3

Sea Heiftht. ft

Weather

Partly
cloudy
Cold
(31*F)

Partly
cloudy
Cold
(A5*F)

Overcast
Cold

Secchi Disc, m

3.0

1.3

2.5

2.5

2.5

1.5

2.0

Water Color

Milky
green

Milky
light
green

Milky
light
green

Milky
green

Milky
light
green

Milky
light
green

Milky
light
green

Surface Water

Temperature, 'C

11.7

9.8

10.2

11.3

9.7

10.8

9.9

10.5

Water Depth, ft

82

15

30

55

141

41

18

29

Bottom Type

Fine

silty

•and

Clean

fine

sand

Slightly
silty
fine
sand

Slightly
silty
medium
sand

Black
gelatinous
grltless
clay

Silty
sand

Clean

fine

sand

Silty
sand
over
clay

Section
Time. EST
Wind Direction
Wind Speed, knts
Sea Height, ft
Weather

SDC~.5-3 SDC>1»1 SDC~l-2 SDC-1-3 SDC-2>1 SDC~2-2 SDC-2-3 SDC-2-4

1127 1102 1113 1440 1524 1512 1458 1637

SSE SE SSE SSE SSE

15 12 ' 15 15 15

1 1 1.5 1.5 2

Cloudy Cloudy

Secchi Disc, m

2.0

1.5

2.0

3.5

1.5

2.5

3.5

Water Color

Milky
green

Milky
green

Milky
green

Clear

dark

green

Milky
light
green

Slightly
milky
dark
green

Milky
green

Surface Water
Temperature. ^C

11.0

10.0

10.8

11.3

10.0

10.1

11.0

10.7

Water Depth, ft

55

23

41

65

19

27

50

75

Bottom Type

Silty fine
sand with
small black
silty-clay
inclusions

Silty

fine

sand

Silty

fine

sand

Silty

fine

sand

Silty

fine

sand

Silty
very
fine
sand

Silty
very
fine
sand

Very fine
sand over
black
gelatinous
clay

78

Appendix A, 8 Nov. 1971 continued.

Station

SDC-A-;

SDC.4-?

5PC-4-3

SPC-4-4

Time, EST

1545

1555

161A

1712

Wind Direction

SSE

SSE

SE

S

Wind Speed, knts

12

10

15

16

Sea Height, ft

2

0.5

1

2-3

Weather

Partly
cloudy

Secchi Disc, m

1.5

2.5

3.5

4.0

Water Color

Milky
light
green

Milky
green

Milky
green

Clear

dark

green

Surface Water
Temperature, 'C

10.5

11.2

10.0

Water Depth, ft

14

27

59

103

Bottom Type

Clean

medium

and

coarse

•and

Very fine
slightly
sllty
sand

Sllty

fine

sand

Gelatinous
grey sandy
clay

79

APPENDIX B. PHYTOPLANKTON COLLECTIONS

Identification of Plant Components

Top line (left to right) :

Station number, number of species or
groups, total number of individuals
per milliliter, and the diversity
index of the collection.

Columns (left to right):

First. • . Names of species or groups collected.

Second Numbers of individuals of each species

or group, per milliliter.

Third Percentages of the total individuals

that are represented by the individuals
of each species or group. These are the
N./N factors used in the diversity index
equation.

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162

APPENDIX D. BENTHOS SURVEY

Key to Abbreviations Used for Benthos Species Names

15 April 1971

chironomidAe

Chironomus fluv
C. anth
Cryptoahir sp. 2

C. sp. 3

Para obsa
Hetrotriss subp
H. grim
Proo sp.
Mono tubr
Pott long

C. fluviatilis-group
C. anthracinus-group
Cryptochironomus species #2

(unidentified)
C. species #3 (unidentified)
Paracladopelma cfr. obsaura
Heterotrissocladius cfr. subpilosus
H. cfr. grimshawi
Prooladius species (unidentified)
Monodiamesa tuberculata
Potthastia cfr. longimana

TUBIFICIDAE WITH UNIDENTIFIABLE IMMATURE STAGES

Liirmodrilus hoff

L. aerv

L. clap

L. prof

L. angs

Pota mold

Pelo frey

imm.

Tubf tubf

imm.

HIRUDINEA

Nephel obsaur
Glossi oompla
Helobd stagna

L . hoffmeisteri

L. cervix

L. olaparedeianus

L. profundioola

L. angustipenis

Potamothrix moldaviensis

PelosQolex freyi

immatures without hair chaetae

Tubifex tubifex

immatures with hair chaetae

Nephelopsis obsaura
Glossiphonia aomplanata
Helobdella stagnalis

163

Appendix D, 15 April 1971 continued,

Station

NDC-.5-1

SDC-2-1

SDC-7-1

SDC-1-1

NDC-2-1

NDC-1-1

SDC-.5-1

DC-1

NDC-7-1

SDC-1-2

NDC-2-2

NDC-7-2

NDC-.5-2

SDC-7-2

SDC-2-2

SDC-.5-2

NDC-1-2

NDC-.25-1

SDC-.25-1

DC- 2

NDC-7-3

SDC-7-3

NDC-2-3

SDC-2-3

SDC-.5-3

SDC-7-4

NDC-7-A

NDC-.5-3

NDC-1-3

DC-3

DC-A

SDC-1-3

SDC-7-5

SDC-2-4

NDC-7-5

DC-5

NDC-2-4

SDC-4-4

DC-6

NDC-4-4

CHIRONOMIDAE (.#/m )

Chironomus Cryptochir Para Hetrotviss
fluv anth sp. 2 sp. 3 obsa subp grvm

36
36

91
54
18

18

18
91

73
73

91

54
18

18

54
218

18

181

36

36
163
109

36

363

145
18

18

18
18

18
18

36

18

18

18

36

54

36

127

36

18
54

163
344

Froc
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18
18

18
127

18
18

91
181

73

Mono
tubr

36

36

36

18
36

36

Pott
long

18

18
36

54
18

36

18

73

18

73

36

18
36

73

73

36

109
18

18

73

91
272

18

36

18

164

Appendix D, 15 April 1971 continued.

TUBIFICIDAE WITH UNIDENTIFIABLE IMMATURE STAGES (#/in^)

With hair chaetae W/0 hair chaetae

Lirmodrilus Pota Pelo Tubf

S^^^^°^ hoff oerv clap yvof anas mold frey imm. tubf imm.

18

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SDC-2-1

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SDC-1-1

NDC-2-1

NDC-1-1 54

SDC-.5-1

DC-1

NDC-7-1

SDC-1-2

NDC-2-2

NDC-7-2

NDC-.5-2

SDC-7-2 54

SDC-2-2 36

SDC-.5-2 18 •

NDC-1-2 254

NDC-.25-1 218 18

SDC-.25-1 18

IIC-2 199 18

NDC-7-3 54

SDC-7-3 490 36

NDC-2-3 127 36

SDC-2-3 163

SDC-.5-3 54

SDC-7-4 36

NDC-7-4 254 91

NDC-.5-3 2067 is

NDC-1-3 145 18

91
36

127
73
54
36

18

DC-3

DC-4 36 .,. ,/,i 18

SDC-1-3 36

SDC-7-5 308

SDC-2-4

NDC-7-5 254

127

DC-5 91 IS

NDC-2-4 326 .n^ ,itt ^^ 1^9

SDC-4-4 254

DC-6 508 18 mo wf^ ^^ ^^^

NDC-4-4 453 7. ^o^ It^t ^^^ 272

344

165

163

36

163

36

18

308
18

73

18

417

163

18

1704

73

73

18

127

36

979

18

1215

127

54

870

36

54

73

1577

36

36
36

1015

435

36

36

91

1414

36

73

36

2230

254

36

798
73

54

1142
91

91

36

707
254

54

1414

54

798

36

109

1577
816

54

109

1469

145

73

127

1215

199

36
73

91
598

Appendix D, 15 April 1971 continued.

OLIGOCHAETA IDENTIFIABLE IN ALL STAGES (#/m )

Lumbriculidae

Stylodrilus
heringianus

Tubificidae

Potamothrix

Aulodrilus

Pelosoolex

Station

veMovskyi

pluriseta

multisetosus

NDC-.5-1

SDC-2-1

SDC-7-1

SDC-1-1

NDC-2-1

NDC-1-1

SDC-.5-1

DC-1

18

NDC-7-1

SDC-1-2

18

NDC-2-2

NDC-7-2

18

NDC-.5-2

18

SDC-7-2

SDC-2-2

SDC--5-2

18

NDC-1-2

NDC-.25-1

SDC-.25-1

18

DC-2

18

NDC-7-3

18

SDC-7-3

471

NDC-2-3

91

SDC-2-3

SDC-.5-3

91

SDC-7-A

NDC-7-4

798

NDC-.5-3

308

109

91

NDC-1-3

381

DC-3

DC-4

1033

18

SDC-1-3

163

SDC-7-5

4351

SDC-2-A

2556

NDC-7-5

2230

54

DC-5

4877

18

NDC-2-4

3282

18

SDC-A-4

4605

DC-6

4605

NDC-4-A

2194

54

54

166

Appendix D, 15 April 1971 continued.

MOLLUSCA (///m^)

Pelecypoda - Sphaeriidae Gastropoda

Sphaerium Pisidium Lymnaea Valvata

Station striatinum nitidum spp. spp. sp.

NDC~.5-1 18

SDC-2-1 36

SDC-7-1

SDC-1-1

NDC-2-1

NDC-1-1 36

SDC-.5-1

DC-l 36

NDC-7-1

DC-5

NDC-2-4

SDC-4-4

DC-6

NDC-4-4

18

SDC-1-2

NDC-2~2

NDC-7-2

NDC-.5-2

SDC-7-2

SDC-2-2

SDC-.5-2 18 127 18

NDC-1-2

NDC~.25-1 54 580 36

SDC~.25-1

DC- 2

NDC-7-3

Sr)C-7-3

NT)C-2~3 ^ /J 381 18

18

54

326

18

127
508

54

580
36

91

18

761

18

308

18

254

73
.09

18

381

326
925

73

18

308

18

91

18

199

127
616

54

1088

743

217

163

18

344

73

889

2012

1197

1831

36

454

471

54

870

73

2194

2448

870

36

SDC-2-5

SDC-.5-3 109 925 36

SDC-7-4

NDC-7-4 73 18 308 18

NDC-.5-3

NDC-1-3

DC-3

DC-4 :)^ 1088 743 163

SDC-1-3 217 163 36

SDC-7~5

SDC-2-4

NDC-7-5 1197 1831 54 73

36

18
18

167

Appendix D, 15 April 1971 continued.

Station

NDC-.5-1

SDC-2-1

SDC-7-1

SDC-1-1

NDC-2-1

NDC-1-1

SDC- . 5-1

DC-1

NDC-7-1

SDC-1-2

NDC-2-2

NDC-7-2

NDC-.5-2

SDC-7-2

SDC-2-2

SDC- . 5-2

NDC-1-2

NDC-.25-1

SDC-.25-1

DC- 2

NDC-7-3

SDC-7-3

NDC-2-3

SDC-2-3

SDC-.5-3

SDC-7-4

NDC-7-4

NDC-.5-3

NDC-1-3

DC-3

DC-4

SDC-1-3

SDC-7-5

SDC-2-4

NDC-7-5

DC-5

NDC-2-4

SDC-4-4

DC-6

NDC-4-4

CRUSTACEA, HIRUDINEA AND TOTALS, WITH MYSIS (///m )

Pontoporeia Nephel Glossi Helobd Total* Mysis

54

18
18

18
181

18
199
199

36
381

417
399
435

1360

381

163

18

2810

91

399

4986

2901

6581
8811
2429
6001
9935

470

72

54

18

18

54

217

18

163

144

36

36
36
235
543
941
126
870
3082

36

2284
144

2989
760

2501

18

3137

2156
2321

18

18
18

54

579
4842
6782
1957

725
7359

851

6i417

10878

18

18

127

54
18

10606

13959
15101
10605
15792
15808

36
54
54

*Excluding the seml-planktonic organism Mysis relicta.

168

Appendix D continued.

Key to Abbreviations Used for Benthos Species Names

9 July 1971

AMPHIPODA
HIRUDINEA

MISC. TAXA

Total Macro
CHIRONOMIDAE

OLIGOCHAETA
Lumb

Naldldae

Tublflcldae

W/ hr chaet

Pontopor affinia
Helobd atagna
Nephel obsaur
Hlrud. sp.
Hydra sp.
Hydracar sp.

Tanytars sp.
Proclad sp.
Monodia tubero
Hetrotriss subp
" grim

Pseatro simul
Chironomus fluv

'' anth

Cryptoohir sp. 2
sp. 3
Paraoladop ners

" ohsQ

Pohr demj
Ham sp.
Plyp seal

Sty I heri

Nais pard
" sp.

Uncn unci

Chtg sp.

Pris Ings

Aulodrilus plur
" amer

Pota vejd
" mold

Limnodpilus hoff
" angs

" oerv

" prof

" clap

Pelo frey

Imm.

limn.
Tubf tubf

Pontoporeia af finis
Helobdella stagnalis
Nephelopsis obsoura
Hlrudlnea species unidentified
Species and genus uncertain
Hydracar Ina species unidentified
Macrozoobenthos

Tanytarslnl genus and species uncertain
Prooladius species
Monodiamesa tuberoulata
Heterotrissooladius cfr. subpilosue
H. cfr. grimshatH
Pseotrooladius cfr. simulans
C. fluvlat Ills-group
C. an thr acinus-group

Cryptochironomus species #2 unidentified
" species #3 unidentified

Paracladopelma nereis
P. cfr. obsoura
Paraahironomus cfr. demeijerei
Hamisohia species unidentified
Polypedilum cfr. scalaenum

Lumbrlculldae

Stylodrilus heringianus

N. pardalis

N. species unidentified

Unoinais unoinata

Chaetogaster species unidentified

Pristina longiseta

A. pluriseta

A. amerioanus

Potamothrix vejdovskyi

P. moldaviensis

L. hoffmeisteri

L. angustipenis

L. oervix

L. profundioola

L • o taparedeianus

Peloseolex freyi

Immature stages, unidentifiable

With hair chaet ae

Immature stages with hair chaetae, but

otherwise unidentifiable
Tubifex tubifex

169

Appendix D, 9 July 1971 continued.

CHIRONOMIDAE: CHIRONOMINI (#/m )

Chironomus

Cryptoohir

Paraaladop

Pahr

mvn Plyp

Station

fluv

anth

sp. 2

sp. 3

ners

obso

demj

sp. saal

SDC-

■7-1

18

490

73

91

SDC-

•2-1

73

236

73

NDC-

■7-1

36

18

SDC-

■.5-1

54

181

36

73

NDC-

■2-1

163

417

SDC-

■1-1

73

127

73

73

54

NDC-

■1-1

36

852

18

36

NDC-

-.5-1

36

308

18

36

18

111

NDC-

-7-2

54

109

54

NDC-

-.5-2

36

91

18

36

SDC-

■2-2

18

36

127

73

91

SDC-

-.5-2

18

54

36

36

127

SDC-

-7-2

18

36

36

54

73

NDC-

•2-2

73

54

36

NDC-

-1-2

417

399

36

36

73

SDC-

-1-2

399

181

109

18

36

344

DC-:

)

272

36

36

145

SDC-

-.25-1

2230

54

18

18

344

NDC-

-.25-1

471

544

54

18

36

109

NDC-
SDC-
NDC-

-7-3
-7-3
-2-3

18
54

18

36

54

18

18

18
18

SDC-

-2-3

18

36

36

SDC-

-7-4

DC-3

NDC-.5-3

NDC-7-4

18

18
18

18 127
18

SDC-

-.5-3

18

SDC-

-1-3

DC-4

NDC-

-1-3

18

36

SDC-

-7-5

SDC-

-2-4

18

NDC-

-7-5

73

DC-!

5

NDC-

-2-4

36

SDC-

-4-4

18

NDC-

-4-4

170

Appendix D, 9 July 1971 continued.

CHIRONOMIDAE: TANYTARSINI, TANYPODINAE, ORTHOCLADIINAE (#/m^)
Station

Tanytars Proolad Monodia Hetrotriss Pseatro

— ?P_! sp. tuberc subp grim simul

36

73

SDC-7-1

SDC-2-1

NDC-7-1 36

SDC-.5-1

NDC-2-1

SDC-1-1 36 18 36

NDC-1-1 127

NDC-.5-1

NDC-7-2

NDC-.5-2 18

SDC-2-2

SDC-.5-2

SDC-7-2

NDC-2-2 36

NDC-1-2 36

SDC-1-2 18

DC-2 18

SDC-.25-1 36 18

NDC-.25-1

NDC-7-3

SDC-7-3

NDC-2"3

SDC-2-3 18

SDC-7-4 73

DC-3

NDC~.5-3 18

NDC~7-4

SDC-.5-3

SDC-1-3

DC-4

NDC-1-3 18

SDC-7-5 73

SDC-2-4

NDC-7-5

DC-5

NDC-2-4 36

SDC-4-4

NDC~4-4 91

171

Appendix D, 9 July 1971 continued.

OLIGOCHAETA:

TUBIFICIDAE UNIDENTIFIABLE IN IMMATURE STAGE (///m )

Without hair

chaetae

W/ hr
Tubf

chaet

Limnodrilus

Pota

Pelo

Station

hoff

angs

aerv

prof alap

mold

f^ey

inun.

tubr

SDC-

-7-1

91

SDC-

■2-1

18

NDC-

•7-1

109

91

SDC-

-.5-1

NDC-

-2-1

145

SDC-

-1-1

127

NDC-

-1-1

272

254

290

NDC-

-.5-1

54

91

36

NDC-

■7-2

471

326

199

326

562

NDC-

-.5-2

109

453

399

199

181

SDC-

-2-2

743

326

580

326

671

SDC-

-.5-2

435

163

36

145

54

508

SDC-

-7-2

272

109

54

145

54

471

NDC-

-2-2

580

145

36

163

236

417

NDC-

-1-2

490

109

91

36

272

36

SDC-

-1-2

2520

508

91

1233

798

1922

DC-2

308

181

163

254

218

SDC-

-.25-1

689

453

199

888

943

NDC-

-.25-1

163

199

NDC-

■7-3

36

36

SDC-

-7-3

18

54

NDC-

-2-3

2121

218

145

36

290

616

471

SDC-

-2-3

1541

54

18

109

145

SDC-

-7-4

8811

399

163

236

471

653

4514

508

761

DC-3

127

36

36

199

36

NDC-

-.5-3

5874

109

91

290

236

1342

290

344

NDC-

-7-4

1052

145

109

91

562

36

SDC-

-.5-3

236

181

290

SDC-

-1-3

91

DC-4

7198

145

145

54

54

3807

145

490

NDC-

-1-3

36

36

73

SDC-

-7-5

1088

36

145

127

635

SDC-

-2-4

1033

163

417

272

36

NDC-

-7-5

272

18

54

36

218

DC-5

852

163

761

NDC-

-2-4

199

54

163

SDC-

-4-4

1215

73

381

181

834

127

127

NDC-

-4-4

1215

1070

109

1396

417

671

172

Appendix D, 9 July 1871 continued-

OLIGOCHAETA: LUMBRICULIDAE, NAIDIDAE & TUBIFICIDAE
IDENTIFIABLE IN ALL STAGES (///m )

Lumb

Naidldae

Tubiflcidae

Sty I

Naia

Unon

Chtg

Pvis

Aulodri-lus

Pota

Station

heri

pard

sp.

unai

sp.

Inge

plur

amer

veod

SDC-7-1

SDC-2-1

36

73

91

NDC-7-1

54

73

SDC-.5-1

NDC-2-1

109

SDC-1-1

308

218

997

36

NDC-1-1

NDC-.5-1

36

18

NDC-7-2

NDC-.5-2

54

SDC-2-2

127

453

109

18

SDC-.5-2

18

SDC-7-2

163

181

NDC-2-2

36

36

NDC-1-2

36

SDC-1-2

163

36

54

73

DC-2

36

18

73

36

SDC-.25-1

54

36

NDC-.25-1

NDC-7-3

73

SDC-7-3

NDC-2-3

91

236

SDC-2-3

18

54

73

SDC-7-4

635

417

326

DC-:

36

NDC-.5-3

562

NDC-7-4

127

36

SDC-.5-3

163

18

SDC-1-3

163

36

54

127

DC-4

2973

91

73

145

NDC-1-3

109

36

18

SDC-7-5

3934

91

SDC-2-4

2901

218

NDC-7-5

1124

54

73

DC-5

1686

127

NDC-2-4

6364

J.*- /

SDC-4-4

5475

18

399

NDC-4-4

3989

9Qn

173

Appendix D, 9 July 1971 continued.

MOLLUSCA (#/i

.^)

Pelecypoda -

Sphaeriidae

Gastropoda

Svhaerium

Pisidium

Bulimus Lymnaea

Valvata

Stat

:ion

7-1

striatinum

nitidum

seaicpis

spp.

sp. spp.

sp.

SDC-

SDC-

2-1

18

NDC-

•7-1

18

SDC-

.5-1

NDC-

•2-1

SDC-

■1-1

NDC-

•1-1

NDC-

-.5-1

NDC-

■7-2

36

18

NDC-

■.5-2

127

199

SDC-

■2-2

36

18

145

36

SDC-

-.5-2

218

18

SDC-

-7-2

36

NDC-

-2-2

18

127

NDC-

-1-2

290

SDC-

-1-2

109

1305

36

DC-:

54

18

18

417

18

36

SDC-

-.25-1

199

18

816

18

NDC-

-.25-1

36

870

18

NDC-

-7-3

181

SDC-

-7-3

199

36

NDC-

-2-3

18

272

18

SDC-

-2-3

18

SDC-

-7-4

36

925

DC-3

18

NDC-

-.5-3

36

181

743

54

NDC-

-7-4

127

36

SDC-

-.5-3

91

SDC-

-1-3

54

236

18

DC-^

i

18

181

435

254

NDC-

-1-3

199

181

SDC-

-7-5

635

761

18

73

SDC-

-2-4

580

1541

18

NDC-

-7-5

2121

1777

18

73

DC-:

5

544

3753

145

NDC-

-2-4

236

2266

18

SDC

-4-4

199

2103

73

NDC

-4-4

36

3318

174

Appendix D, 9 July 1971 continued.

AMPHIPODA, HIRUDINEA, MISCELLANEOUS TAXA, TOTALS AND MYSIS UUm)

Amphlpoda

Hirudlnea

Pontopor

Helobd

Nephel Hlrud.

Hydra

Hydracar

Total*

Myais

Station

affinie

stagna

obsour sp.

sp.

sp.

Macro

reliata

SDC-

-7-1

18

781

SDC-

-2-1

18

636

NDC-

-7-1

435

SDC-

-.5-1

18

362

NDC-

-2-1

36

871

SDC-

-1-1

2176

NBC-

-1-1

1885

NDC-

-.5-1

923

NDC-

-7-2

73

18

2246

KDC-

-.5-2

199

2119

SDZ-

-2-2

145

109

18

4205

SDC-

-.5-2

199

18

2119

SDC-

-7-2

18

18

1811

NDC-

-2-2

91

2084

NDC-

-1-2

91

2448

SDC-

-1-2

1722

18

11675

DC-:

1523

18

3896

SDC-

-.25-1

1886

54

8971

NDC-

-.25-1

1378

3896

y:dC'

-7-3

852

1232

SDC-

■7-3

508

959

:oc-

2-3

2466

7052

SDC-

o __ ':

2138

SDC-

7-A

3227

18

22173

DC-3

707

1213

M)C-

.5-3

145

18

18

10532

NDC-

7-4

2466

54

4859

SDC-

.5-3

1849

2846

SDC-

1-3 ■

1360

2139

DC-A

5203

36

21447

NDC-

1-3

2266

3026

SDC-

7-5

2339

18

9973

SDC-

2-4

10570

17767

NDC-

7-5

8303

14214

DC-5

11132

19163

KT)C-

2-4

20686

30058

SDC-

4-4

4351

15574

18

M)C-

4-4

10787

23389

54

♦Excluding the semi-planktonic organism Mysis reliata.

175

Appendix D continued.

Key to Abbreviations Used for Benthos Species Names

8 November 1971

CHIRONOMIDAE

Chironomus fluv

C. anth

Cryptochironomue sp. 2, sp.

sp. 4
Para ners
Proa sp.
Hetr grim
Mono tubr
Pott long

OLIGOCHAETA

Lumbr

Stylo herin

Naididae

Pigue miohi
Uncin uncin
Ophid serpe

Tubificidae

Aulodrilus plur

A. amer

Limno udeke

Pelos multi

Potam vejdo

Lirmodrilus hoff

L. oerv

L. prof

L. spir

Pota mold

Pelo frey

imm. (without hair chaetae)

Tubf tubf

imm. (with hair chaetae)

3,

C. fluviatilis-group
C. anthracinus-group
C. unidentified species #2, #3
and #4

Paracladopelma nereis
Procladius unidentified species
Heterotrissooladius cfr. grimshawi
Monodiamesa tuberaulata
Potthastia cfr. longimana

Lumbriculidae

Stylodrilus heringianus

Piguet^ella miohiganensis
Unoinais unoinata
Ophidonais serpentina

A. pluriseta

A . amerioanus

Limnodrilus udekemianus

PelosQolex multisetosus

Potamothrix vejdovskyi

L. hoffmeisteri

L. cervix

L. profundioola

L. spiralis

Potamothrix moldaviensis

PelosQolex freyi

immatures (unidentifiable)

Tubifex tuhifex

immatures (unidentifiable)

MOLLUSCA

Pelecypoda - Sphaeriidae

Sphaerium striat
S. nitidu

S. striatinum
S. nitidvm

176

Appendix D, 8 Nov. 1971 continued.

CHIRONOMIDAE (#/m )

Station

Chironomus Cryptoahironomus Para Proa Hetr Mono Pott

fluv anth sp. 2 sp. 3 sp. 4 ners sp. grim tubr long

NDC-l-l

NDC-2-1

18

18

SDC-4-1

91

18

NDC-4-1

NDC-.5-1

SDC-.5-1

36

SDC-2-1

435

18

DC-1

54

SDC-1-1

36

NDC-2-2

73

163

SDC-2-2

91

163

SDC-4-2

54

NDC-.5-2

18

SDC-.5-2

145

181

NDC-4-2

145

91

NDC-1-2

308

73

NDC-.25-1

254

36

DC- 2

236

SDC-.25-1

199

91

SDC-1-2

54

18

NDC-2-3

36

18

SDC-2-3

54

54

54

NDC-.5-3

254

1451

36

NDC-4-3

18

36

SDC-.5-3

435

18

DC- 3

471

18

18

SDC-4-3

73

DC-4

91

689

SDC-1-3

1599

NDC-1-3

127

SDC-2-4

NDC-2-4

DC-5

SDC-4-4

DC-6

NDC-4-4

18

18

36

18 18

18

181

36
562
109
145
236

18

199

36

18

18

36

18

18

36

18

18

73

36

18

18

36

18

18

18

36

36

36

73

36 18

36

177

Appendix D, 8 Nov. 1971 continued.

2
TUBIFICIDAE HAVING UNIDENTIFIABLE IMMATURE STAGE (#/in )

Linmod

Without

hair

chaetae

With

hair

chaetae

Irilus

Pota

Pelo

Tubf

Station

■ hoff

oerv

prof

epir

mold

fvey

innn.

tubf

inun.

NDC-1-1

NDC-2-1

18

SDC-4-1

NDC-A-1

NDC-.5-1

36

SDC-.5-1

73

SDC-2-1

36

DC-1

73

SDC-1-1

54

NDC-2~2

127

18

SDC-2-2

18

344

SDC-4-2

218

NDC-.5-2

18

145

SDC-.5-2

36

18

1668

NDC-A-2

54

NDC-1-2

127

36

NDC-.25-1

18

18

363

18

DC~2

36

18

1215

18

SDC-.25-1

36

2502

54

SDC-1~2

653

18

NDC-2-3

127

18

5DC~2~3

18

36

1831

36

NDC-.5-3

236

18

54

, 54

54

15827

3898

NDC-A-3

18

SDC-.5-3

562

36

DC- 3

91

18

1033

18

363

SDC-A-3

2303

DC-4

7506

290

SDC-1-3

127

6164

399

NDC-1-3

73

3499

36

SDC-2-4

3644

54

NDC-2-4

580

18

DC-5

18

417

SDC~4-4

36

36

54

979

36

DC-6 '
NDC-4-4

18
18

18
54

18

1958
2012

598
852

178

Appendix D, 8 Nov. 1971 continued.

OTHER OLIGOCHAETA (If/m^)
Naldldae

Tublflcldae

Station

herir

NDC-1-1

NDC-2-1

SDC-A-1

NDC-A-1

NDC-.5-1

SDC-.5-1

SDC-2-1

DC-1

SDC-1-1

NDC-2-2

SDC-2-2

SDC-A-2

NDC-.5-2

SDC-.5-2

NDC-4-2

NDC-1-2

NDC-.25-1

DC-2

SDC-.25-1

SDC-1-2

NDC-2-3

18

SDC-2-3

236

NT):;-. 5-3

36

KDC-4-3

36

SDC-.5-3

18

DC- 3

18

SDC-A-3

2357

DC-A

1886

SDC-1-3

1577

NDC-1-3

199

SDC-2-4

5240

NDC-2-4

3318

DC-5

57A7

SDC-4-4

5711

DC-6

3699

NDC-A-A

3463

Lumbr

Stylo Pigue Unoin Ophid Aulodrilua Limio Pelos Potam
miohi uncin serpe plur gmer udeke multi veddo

18

91

36

163

5A

109

36

91

5A

73

91

3AA

218

5A

18

91

18

73

18

91

18

18

18

18
18

18
36

5A
5AA

73

5A

73

290

6037

18 1A7

5A

36

381
1A5
36 1A5
54 127

18
18

18

435
18

17^

Appendix D, 8 Nov. 1971 continued.

2
MOLLUSCA (#/m )

Pelecypoda - Sphaerlldae

Gastropoda

Sphaeriim

PiBidium

Lymnaea

Valvata

Qt-flt'l on

striat

nitidu

spp.

spp.

sp.

NDC-1-1

NDC-2-1

SDC-A-1

NDC-A-1

NDC-.5-1

18

SDC-.5-1

SDC-2-1

DC-1

SDC-1-1

NDC-2-2

18

163

SDC-2-2

73

91

91

54

SDC-A-2

54

73

NDC-.5-2

36

163

18

SDC-.5-2

36

18

54

18

36

NDC-4-2

NDC-1-2

1976

73

KDC-.25-1

18

73

254

18

109

DC-2

18

54

127

SDC-.25-1

54

236

36

SDC-1-2

127

NDC-2-3

127

SDC-2-3

18

580

18

NDC-.5-3

36

508

2303 .

73

NDC-4-3

36

SDC-.5-3

18

18

91

DC-3
SDC-4-3

18

254

54
834

54

236

O 1 o

DC-4

73

979

1142

218

SDC-1-3

18

1904

1650

18

381

KDC-1-3

689

743

36

36

SDC-2-4

490

1124

18

NT)C-2-4

127

725

54

DC-5
SDC-4-4

254
54

1015
907

36

54

DC-6

1251

NDC-4-4

18

1831

180

Appendix D, 8 Nov. 1971 continued.

AMPHIPODA, HIRUDINEA, TOTALS AND MYSIS

Total
Macrozoobenthos

54

145

90

127

561

145

217

851
1197

417

615
2573

652
2974
1287
1975
3715

870

761

3679

26396

489

1522

2247

9101
14597
20795

7287
14975

11820
18510
11401
16280
20213

Pontoporeia

Helobdella

Station

affinie

Btagnalis

NDC-1-1

NDC-2-1

SDC-4-1

18

NDC-4-1

NDC-.5-1

18

SDC-.5-1

18

SDC-2-1

18

DC-1

18

SDC-1-1

18

NDC-2-2

54

SDC-2-2

91

18

SDC-4-2

18

NDC-.5-2

36

18

SDC-.5-2

109

54

NDC-4-2

18

NDC-1-2

127

NDC-.25-1

18

18

DC- 2

18

SDC-.25-1

308

54

SDC-1-2

NDC-2-3

290

18

SDC-2-3

508

73

NDC-.5-3

435

181

NDC-4-3

363

SDC-.5-3

236

DC-3

SDC-4-3

2846

18

DC-4

218

272

SDC-1-3

109

580

NT)C-l-3

816

236

SDC-2-4

3916

36

NDC-2-4

6962

18

DC-5

10733

18

SDC-4-4

2973

18

DC-6

8684

NDC-4-4

11893

Aft/sis *
reliota

18

36
18

*Not included in Total Macrozoobenthos,

181

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