r -,•.' ' ' ,-v K "■ { "^•^HlWSUBRARy c -^ . Jm 24 1919 Y -■. V THE UNIVERSITY/ OF ILLINOIS LIBRARY lU / ^M'5-u, uonA?:y --\~ ;\'4 . V ' , ^ i .' < m- "i. <■ ■ , ■, . .• '--^'^,.^■■ \- y / / i ! r? TWELFTH ANNUAL REPORT / JAN 24 T91S — OF THE- ILLINOIS State Bee-Keepers' Association jt *r Organized February 26, 1891, at Springfield, Illinois COMPUTED BY JAMES A. STONE, Secretary, R. R. 4, Springfield, 111. 0' »r Springfield: III.: Illinois Stale Regfister Print. 1913 ^ I ^ Letter of Transmittal. Office ok the Secretary, /. ) ... R. R. 4, Springfiei^d,. Tli,., Feb. 1, 1913. f 'Jo his Excellency Edward F. Dunne, Governor of the State of Illinois: ■ ' Sir: I have the honor to transmit herewith the Twelfth An- nual Report of the Illinois State Bee-Keepers' Association. r Respectfully submitted, James A. Stone, Secretary, -^i-44:3p FATHER LANGSTROTH, Inventor of the Movable Frame Hive. ? OFFICERS -OF XHE- Illinois State Bee-Keepers' Association FOR 1913 E. J. BAXTER, A. L. KILDOW, r 1st— W. B. MOORE, r' 2d— H. S. DUBY, t 3d— AARON COPPIN, 4th— G. M. WITH ROW, 5th— I/E. PYLES, JAMES A. STONE, CHAS. BECKER, Nauvoo, III. State Foul Brood inspector. Vice-Presidents. President Putnam Altona St. Anne Wenona Buffalo Putnam Secretary Treasurer Pleasant Plains. List of members will appear in back oC Report. Also Statistical Report. I1.LIN0IS STATE BEE-KEEPERS' ASSOCIATION Formation of the Illinois State Bee-Keepers' Association. Springfield, 111., Feb, 26, 1891. The Capitol Bee-Keepers' Associa- tion was called to order by President P. J. England. Previous notice 'having been given that an effort would be made to form a State Association, and there being present bee-keepers from different parts of the State, by motion, a recess was taken in order to form such an Association. P. J. England was chosen temporary chairman and C. E. Yocum tenworary secretary. On motion, the Chair ap- pointed Thos. G. Newman, C. P. Da- dant and Hon. J. M. Hambaugh'a com- mittee on constitution. Col. Chas. F, Mills addressed » the m.eeting on the needs of a State As- sociation, and stated that it was his opinion that the bee-keepers should have a liberal appropriation for a State Apiarian Exhibit at the World's Col- umbian Exposition. r, A motion to adjourn till 1:?0 p. m. prevailed. AFTERIN'OON SESSION. The Committee on Constitution re- ported a foi'm for same, which, on motion, was read by the Secretary, by sections serially. Geo. F. Robbins moved to substitute the word "shall" for "may" in the last clause of Section 1, Article III. This led to a very animated discussion, and the motion was lost. J. A. Stone moved to amend the above-named section by striking out the word "ladies" and all that followed of the same section, which motion led to further discussion, and motion finally prevailed. Section 2, Article 11., relating to a quorum, was, on motion, entirely stricken out. Mr. Robbins moved to amend Article V. by adding the words "Thirty days' notice having been given to each mem- ber." Prevailed. Thos. G. Newman moved to adopt the Constitution, so amended, as a whole. Which motion prev.ailed. See Constitution. ♦ J. A. Stone moved that the Chair appoint a nominating committee of three on permanent organization. Pre- vailed, Chair appointed as such committee. Col. Chas. F. Mills, Hon. J. M. Ham- baugh, and C, P, Dadant. Committee retired and in a tew min- utes returned, submitting the follow- ing named persons as candidates for their respective offices: For President — P. J. England, Fancy Prairie. For Vice Presidents — Mrs. Li. Harri- son, Peoria; C. P. Dadant, Hamilton; W. T. F. Petty, Pittsfleld; Hon. J. M. Hambaugh, Spring; Dr. C. C. Miller, Marengo. Secretary — ^Jas. A. Stone, Bradford- j ton. Treasurer — ^A. N. Draper, Upper Al- Black moved the adoption of the report^ of the committee on nomina- tions. The motion prevailed, and the officers as named by the committee were declared elected for the ensuing year. Hon. J. M. Hambaugh moved that Mr. Thos. G, Newman, editor Ameri- can Bee Journal, of Chicago, be made the first honorary member of the As- sociation. Prevailed. At this point Col. Chas, F. Mills said: "Mr. Chairman, I want to be the first one to pay my dollar for member- ship," at the same time suiting his "faction to his words, and others fol- ( lowed his example, as follows: CHARTER MEMBERS. Col. Chas. F. Mills, Springfield. Hon. J, M. Hambaugh, Spring. Hon. J. S. Lyman, Farmingdale. C. P. Dadant, Hamilton. C?has. Dadant, Hamilton, A. N. Draper, Upper Alton. S. N. Black, Clayton. Aaron Coppln, Wenona. Geo. F. Robbins, Mechanicsburg. J, W, Tocum. Williamsville. Thos. S, Wallace, Clayton. A. J. England, Fancy Prairie, P. J. England, Fancy Prairie. C. E. Tocom, Sherman. Jas. A, Stone, Bradfordton. - FIRST HONORARY MEMBER. Thos. G. Newman, editor . American Bee Journal, Chicago. TWELFTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE State of Illinois— Department of State ISSAC N. PEARSON, Secretary of State. To all to whom thete Pre se7its shall come — Greeting Whereas, A certificate duly signed and acknowledged having been filed in the oflBce of the Secretary of State on the 27th day of February, A. D. 1891, for the organization of the Illinois State Bee-keepers' Association, under and in accordance with the provisions of "An Act Concerning Corporations," ap- proved April 18, 1872, and in force July 1, 1872, and all acts amendatory thereof, a copy of which certificate is hereunto attached. Now, Therefore, I, Isaac N. Pearson, Secretary of State, of the State of Illi- nois, by virtue of the powers and du- ties vested in me by law, do hereby certify that the said. The Illinois State Bee-Keepers* Association, is a legally organized corporation under the laws of the State. In Testimony Wihereof, I hereunto set my hand and cause to be affixed the great seal of State. Done at the City of Springfield, this 27th day of February, in the [Seal] year of our Lord one thou- sand eight hundred and nine- ty one, and the Independence of the United States the one hundred and fifteenth. % I. N. PEARSON, Secretary of State. STATE OF ILLINOIS, \ County of Sangamon. \ To Isaac N. Pearson, Secretary of State: We, the undersigned. Perry J. Eng- land, Jas. A. Stone and Albert N. Dra- per, citizens of the United States, propose to form a corporation under an act of the General Assembly^ of the State of Illinois, entitled "An Act Con- cerning Corporations," approved April 18, 1872, and all acts amendatory thereof; and for the purposes of such organizations, we hereby state as fol- lows, to-wit: 1. The name of such corporation is, The Illinois State Bee-Keepers' Asso- ciation. 2. The object for which it is formed is, to promote the general interests of the pursuit of bee-culture. 3. The management of the afore- said y.ssociation shall be vested in a board ol three Directors, who are to be elef.te I annually. ~ .. 4. 7 he following persons are hereby select'' J as the Directors, to control and manage, said corporation for the first year of its corporate existence, viz.: Perry J. England, ^s. A. Stone, and Albert N. Draper. 5. The location is in Springfield, in the County of Sangamon, State of Illi- nois. (Signed.) ' Perry J. England, Jias. A Stone, Albert N. Draper. STATE OF ILLINOIS, ) Sangamon County. \ ■ I, S. Mendenhall, a notary public in and for the County and State afore- said, do 'hereby certify that on this 2Bth day of February, A. D. 1891, per- sonally appeared before me. Perry J. Englajid, James A. Stone and Albert N. Draper, to me personally known to , be the same persons who executed the foregoing certificate, and severally ac- knowledged that they had executed the same for the purposes therein set forth. In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand and seal the day and year above written. \ S. Mendenhall, [Seal] Notary Public. ILLINOIS STATE BEE-KEEPERS' ASSOCIATION CONSTITUTION AND BY-LAWS —OF XHE— Illinois State Bee-Keepers' Association ■?>- CONSTITUTION Adopted Feb. 26, 1891. ARTICLE I.— Name. This organization shall be known as The Illinois State Bee-Keepers' Asso- ciation, and its principal place of busi- ness shall be at Springfield, 111. AR'iflGLE II.— Object. ' Its object shall be to promote the general interests of the pursuit of bee- culture. ARTICLE III. — Membership. Section 1. Any person interested in Apiculture may become a member up- on the pasonent to the Secretary of an annual fee of one dollar ($1.00). (Amendment adopted at annual meet- ing, November, 1905): And any affili- ating Association, as a body, may be- come members on the payment of an aggregate fee of fifty cents (50c) per member, as amended Nov., 1910. Sec. 2. Any persons may become hon- orary members by receiving a ma- jority vote at any regular meeting. ARTICLE IV.— Officers. Section 1. The officers of this Asso- ciation shall be, President, Vice-Presi- dent, Secretary and Treasurer. Their terms of office shall be for one year, or until their successors are elected and qualified. • Sec. 2. The President, Secretary and Treasurer shall constitute the Execu- tive Committee. Sec. 3. Vacancies in office — by death, resignation and otherwise — shall be filled by the Executive Com- mittee until the next annual meeting. ARTICLE V. — Amendments. This Constitution shall be amended at any annual meeting by a two-thirds vote of all the members present — thirty days' notice having been given to each member of the Association. BY LA^VS ARTICLE L The officers of the Association shall be elected by ballot and by a majority vote. ■ ARTICLE n. It shall be the duty of the President to call and preserve order at all meet- ings of this Association; to call for all reports of officers and committees; to put to vote all motions regularly sec- onded; to count the vote at all elec- tions, and declare the results; to de- cide upon all questions of order, and to deliver an address at each annual meeting. ARTICLE HL The Vice-Presidents shall be num- bered, respectively. First, Second, Third, Fourth and Fifth, and it shall be 10 TWELFTH ANNUAL REPORT OP THE the duty of one of them, in his re- spective order, to preside in the ab- sence of the President. ARTICLE rV. Section 1. It shall be the duty of the Secretary to report all proceedings of the Association, and to record the same, when approved, in the Secre- tary's book; to conduct all correspond- ence of the Association, and to file and preserve all papers belonging to the same; to receive the annual dues and pay them over to the Treasurer, taking his receipt for the same; to take and record the name and address of every member of the Association; tQ cause the Constitution and By-Laws to be printed in appropriate form, and irt'^uch quantities as may be directed by' the Executive Committee from time to time, and see that each member is provided with a copy thereof; to make out and publish annually, as far as practicable, statistical table showing the number of colonies owned in the spring ajid fall, and the amount of honey and wax produced by each mem- ber, .together with such other informa- tion as may be deemed important, or be directed by the Executive Commit- tee; and to give notice of all meetings of tlie Association in the leading pa- pers of the State, and in the bee jour- nals at least four weeks prior to the time of such meeting. Sec. 2. The Secretary shall be al- lowed a reasonable compensation for his services, and to appoint an as- sistant Secretary If deemed necessary. ARTICLE V. It shall be the duty of the Treasurer to take charge of all funds of the As- sociation, and to pay them out upou the order of the Executive Committee, taking a receipt for the same; and to render a report of all receipts and expenditures at each annual meeting. ARTICLE Vl. It shall be tlie duty of the Executive Committee to select subjects for dis- cussion and appoint members to de- liver addresses or read essays, and to transact all interim business. ARTICLE VIL The meeting of the Association shall be, as far as practicable, gov- erned by the following order of busi- ness: Call to order. Reading minutes of last meeting. President's address. Secretary's report. Treasurer's report. Reports of committees. Unfinished business. > Reception of members and collection. Miscellaneous business. Election and installation of officers. Discussion. Adjournment. . ARTICLE VIIL '. These By-Laws may be amended by a two-thirds vote of all the mem- bers present at any annual meeting. C. E. Tocom, Aaron Coppin, Geo. F. Robbina ILLINOIS STATE BEE-KEEPERS' ASSOCIATION 11 Following is a copy of the law passed by the Illinois Legislature May 19th, and signed by the Governor June 7th, 1911, to take effect July 1st, 1911: State Inspector of Apiaries* Preamble. § 1. Stfi.te Inspector of Apiaries — appoint- ment— term — assistants — per diem. § 2. Foul Brood, Etc. — what declared nuis- § 4. Penalties. ances — inspection — ^notice to owner or occupant — treatment — abatement of nuisance — appeal. ' § 3. Annual Report. HOUSE BILL NO. 670. (Approved June 7, 1911.) An Act to prevent the introduction and spread in Illinois of foul brood among bees, providing for the appointment of a State Inspector of Apiaries and prescribing his powers and duties. Whereas, the disease known as foul brood exists to a very considerable ex- tent in various portions of this State, which, if left to itself, will soon ex- terminate the honey-bees; and Whereas, the work done by an in- dividual bee-keepeer or by a State in- spector is useless so long as the official is not given authority to inspect and, if need be, to destroy the disease when found; and Whereas, there is a great loss to the bee-keepers and fruit growers of the State each year by the devastating ravages of foul brood; Section 1. Be it enacted by the Peo- ple of the State of Illinois, represented in the General Assembly: That the Governor shall appoint a State inspec- tor of Apiaries, who shall hold his office for the term of two years, and until his successor is appointed and qualified, and who may appoint one or more assistants, as needed, to carry on the inspection under his supervision. The Inspector of Apiaries shall receive for each day actually and necessarily spent in the performance of his duties the sum of Four Dollars to be paid up- on bills of particulars certified to as correct by the said State Inspector of Apiaries, and approved by the Gov- ernor. Sec. 2. It shall be the duty of every person maintaining or keeping any colony or colonies of bees to keep the same free from the disease known as foul brood and from every contagious and infectious disease among bees. All bee-hives, bee-fixtures or appurten- ances where foul brood or other con- tagious or infectious diseases among bees exists, are hereby declared to be nuisances to be abated " as hereinafter prescribed. If the inspector of apiaries shall have reason to believe that any apiary is infected by foul brood or other contagious disease, he shall have power to inspect, or cause to be in- spected, from time to time, such apiary, and for the purpose of such inspection he, or his assistants, are authorized during reasonable business hours to enter into or upon any farm or prem- ises, or other building or place used for the purpose of propagating or nurtur- ing bees. If said inspector of apiaries, or his assistants, shall find by inspec- tion that any person, firm or corpora- tion is maintaining a nuisance as de- scribed in this section, he shall^ notify in w^riting the owner or occupant of the premises containing the nuisance so disclosed of the fact that such nuisance exists. He shall include in such notice a statement of the conditions consti- tuting such nuisance, and order that / 12 TWELFTH ANNUAL, REPORT OF THE X the same be abated within a specified time and a direction, written or printed, painting out the methods which shall be taken to abate the same. Such notice and order may be served per- sonally or by depositing' th.e same in the post office properly stamped, ad- dressed to the owner or occupant of the land or premises upon which such nuisance exists, and the direction for treatment may consist of a printed circular, bulletin or report of the In- spector of Apiaries, or an extract from same. If the person so notified shall refuse or fail to abate said nuisance in the manner and in the time prescribed in said notice, the Inspector of Apiaries m.ay cause such nuisance to be abated, and he shall certify to the owner or person in charge of the premises the cost of the abatement and if not paid to him within sixty days thereafter the same may be recovered, together with the costs of action, before any court in the State having competent jurisdic- tion. In case notice and order served as aforesaid shall direct that any bees, hives, bee-fixtures or appurtenances shall be destroyed and the owner of such bees, hives, bee-fixtures or appur- tenances shall consider himself ag- grieved by said order, he shall have the privilege of appealing within three days of the receipt of the notice to the county court of the county in wmQh such property is situated. The a.ppeal shall be made in like manner as appeals are taken to the county court from judgments of justices of the peace. Written notice of said appeal served by mail upon the Inspector of Apiaries shall operate to stay all pro- ceedings until the decision of the cQunty court, which may, after investi- gating the matter, reverse, modify or affirm the order of the Inspector of Apiaries. Such decision shall then be- come the order of the Inspector of Apiaries, who shall serve the same as hereinbefore set forth and shall fix a time within which such decision must be carried out. Sec. 3. The Inspector of Apiaries shall, on or before the second Monday in December of each calendar year, make a report to the Governor and also to the Illinois State Bee Keepers' As- sociation, stating the number of apiaries visited, the number of those diseased and treated, the number of colonies of bees destroyed and the ex- pense incurred in the performance of his duties. Sec. 4. Any owner of a diseased apiary or appliances taken therefrom, who shall sell, barter or give away any such apiary, appliance, queens or bees from such apiary, expose other bees to the danger of contracting such disease, or refuse to allow the Inspector of Apiaries to inspect such apiary, or appliances, shall be fined not less than $50.00 nor more than $100.00. Approved June 7, 1911. ILLINOIS STATE BEE-KEEPERS' ASSOCIATION 13 (Bill passed in the 4'7th General Assembly.) Beekeepers^ Association § 1. A^ipropriates $1,000 per annum — pro- § 2. How drawn. '•'iso. § 3. Annual Report. HOUSE BILL NO. 99. (Approved June oth, 1911.) . . An Act maKing- an appropriation for the Illinois State Bee-Keepers' Association. Whereas, The members of the Illi- nois State Bee-Keepers' Association have for years given much time and labor without compensation in the en- deavor to promote the interests of the bee-keepers of the State; and, Whereas, The importance of the in- dustry to the farmers and fruit-grow- ers of the State warrants the expendi- ture of a reasonable sum for the holding of annual meetings, the publi- cation of reports and papers containing practical information concerning bee- keeping, therefore, to sustain the same and enable this organization to defray the expenses of annual meetings, pub- lishing reports, suppressing foul brood among bees in the State, and promote the industry in Illinois; Section 1. Be it enacted by the Peo- ple of the State of Illinois represented in the General Assembly: That there be and is hereby appropriated for the use of the Illinois State Bee-Keepers' Association the sum of one thousand dollars ($1,000) per annum for the years 1911 and 1912. For the purpose of advancing the growth and develop- ing the interests of the bee-keepers of Illinois, said sum to be expended un- der the direction of the Illinois State Bee-Keepers' Association for the pur- pose of paying the expenses of holding annual meetings, publishing the pro- ceedings of said metings, suppressing foul brood among bees in Illinois, etc. Provided, however, That no officer or officers of the Illinois State Bee- Keepers' Association shall be entitled to receive any money compensation whatever for any services rendered for the same, out of this fund. Sec. 2. That on the order of the President, countersigned by the Secre- tary of the Illinois State Bee-Keepers' Association, and approved by the Gov- ernor, the Auditor of Public Accounts shall draw his warrant on the Treas- urer of the State of Illinois in favor of the treasurer of the Illinois State Bee-Keepers' Association for the sum herein appropriated. , Sec. 3. It shall be the duty of the treasurer of the Illinois State Bee- Keepers' Association to pay out of said appropriation, on itemized and re- ceipted vouchers, such sums as may be authorized by vote of said organiza- tion on the order of the president, countersigned by the secretary, and make annual report to the Governor of all such expenditures, as provided by law. ■■1 14 TWELFTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE Code of Rules and Standards for Grading Apiarian Exhibits at Fair as Adopted by Illinois State Bee-Keepers .Association. COMB HONEY. Rule 1. Comb honey shall be marked on a scale of 100, as follows: Quantity 40 Quality 40 Style of display 20 Rule 2. Points of quality should be: Variety 5 Clearness of capping 10 Completeness of capping 5 Completeness of. filling 5 Straightness of comb 5 Uniformity 5 Style of section 5 Remarks: 1. By variety is meant different kinds, with regard to the sources from which the honey is gath- ered, which adds much interest to an exhibit. 2. By clearness of capping is meant freedom from travel stain and a wat^r soaked appearance. This point is marked' a little high, because it is a most important one. There is no bet- ter test of the quality of comb (honey than the appearance of the cappings. If honey Is taken ofE at the proper time, and cared for as it should be. so as to preserve its original clear color, body ard flavor will take care of them- selves, for excellence in the last two points always accompanies excellence in the first. Clover and basswood honey shoud be white; heartsease, a dull white tinged with yellow; and Spanish needle, a brigiht yellow. 3. By uniformity is meant closeness of resemblance in the sections compos- ing the exhibit. 4. By style is meant neatness of the sections, freedomi from propolis, etc. 5. Honey so arranged a.2 to show every section sihould score the highest In style of display, and everything that may add to the tastiness and attract- ivness of an exhibit should be con- sidered. EXTRACTED HONEY. Rule 1. Extracted honey should be marked on a scale of 100, as follows: Quantity 40 Quality 45 Style of display 15 Rule 2. The points of quality should be: Variety 10 Clearness of color 5 Body 5 Flavor R Style of package 10 Variety of package 5 Finish 5 Remarks: 1. Light clover honey pouring out of a vessel is a very light straw color; Spanish needle, a golden hue, and dark clover honey, a dull am- ber. 2. Style of package is rated a little high, not only because in that consists the principal beauty of an exhibit of extracted honey, but also because it involves the best package for market- ing. We want to show honey in the best sliipe for the retail trade, and that, in this case, means the most at- tractive style for exhibition. Glass packages should b'^ given the prefer- ence -over tin; flint glass over green, and smaller vessels over larger, pro- vided the latter run over one or two pounds. ■ 3. By variety of package is meant chiefly different sizes; but small pails for retailing, and, in addition, cans or kegs (not too large) for wholesaling, may be consideredv-^In the former case, pails painted inCasSoj^tM colors, and lettered "Pure Honey," should be given the preference. 4. By finish Is meant capping, label- ing, etc. 5. Less depends upon the manner of arranging an exhibit of extracted than of comb honey, and for that reason, as well as to give a higher number of points to style of package, a smaller scale is allowed for style of display. ILLINOIS STATE BEE-KEEPERS' ASSOCIATION 15 SAMPLES OF COMB AND EX- TRACTED HONEY. Rule 1. Single cases of comb honey, entered as such for separate pre- miums, should be judged by substan- tially the same rules as those given for a display of comb iboney, and sam- ples of extracted, by those governing displays of extracted honey. Rule 2. . Samples of comb or ex- tracted honey, as above, may be con- sidered as part of the general display in their respective departments. GRANULATED HONEY. Rule 1. Candied or granulated Ihoney should be judged by the rules for ex- tracted honey, except -as below. Rule 2. The points of quality should be: Variety 10 Fineness of grain 5 Color 5 Flavor 5 Style of package 10 Variety of package 5 Finish 5 Rule 3. An exhibit of granulated honey may be entered or considered as part of a display of extracted honey. NUCLEI OF BEES. Rule. Bees in observation hives should be maked on a scale of 100, as follows: Color and markings 30 Size of bees 30 Brood 10 Queen 10 Quietness 5 Style of comb 5 Style of hive 10 Remarks: 1. Bees should be exhib- ited only in the form of single frame nuclei, in hives or cages with glass sides. 2. Italian bees should show three or more bands, ranging from leather color to golden or light yellow. 3. The markings of other races should be those claimed for those races in their purity. 4. A nucleus from which, the queen is omitted should score zero on that point. 5. The largest quantity of brood in all stages or nearest to that should score the highest in that respect. 6. The straightest, smoothest and most complete comb, with the most honey consisteat with the most brood, should score the highest in that re- spect. 7. That hive which, is neatest and. best made and rhows the bees, etc., to' the best advantage should score the highest. QUEEN BEES, Rule. Queen bees in cages should be marked on a scale of 100, as fol- lows: Quantity 40 Quality and variety 40 Style of caging and display.... 20 Remarks: 1. The best in quality consistent with variety should score the highest. A preponderence of Ital- ian queens should overweigh a pre- ponderance of black ones, or, perhaps, of any other race or strain; but sam- ple queens of any or all varieties should be duly considered. Under the head of quality should also be considered the attendant bees. There should be about a dozen with each queen. 2. Neatness and finish of cages should receive due consideration, but the principal points in style are to make and arrange the cages so as to show the inmates to the best advan- tage. BEESWAX. Rule. Beeswax should be marked on a scale of 100, as follows: Quantity 40 Quality 40 Style of display 20 Remarks: 1. Pale, clear, yellow specimens should score the highest, and the darker gra/des should come next in order. 2. By style is meant chiefly the forms in which the wax is molded and put lip for exhibition. Thin cakes or small pieces are more desirable in the retail trade than larger ones. Some attention may be given to novelty and variety. 16 TWELFTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE Foul Brood and Other Diseases of Bees Foul brood — ibacillus alvei — is a fatal and contagious disease among bees, dreaded most of all by bee-keepers. The germs of disease are either given to the young larval bee in its food when it hatches from the egg of the queen-bee, or it may be contagion from a diseased colony, or if the queen deposits eggs, or the workier-bees store honey or pollen in such combs. If ih any one of the above cases, the dis- ease will soon appear, and the germs increase with great rapidity, going from one little cell to another, colony to colony of bees, and then to all the neighboring apiaries, thus soon leav- ing whole apiaries with only diseased combs to inoculate others. The Island of "Syria in three years lost all of its great apiaries from foul brood. Dzier- zon, in 1868, lost his entire apiary of 500 colonies. iCow^an, the editor of the British Bee Journal, recently wrote: "The only visible hindrance to the rap- id expansion of the bee industry is the prevalence of foul brood, which is so rapidly spreading over the country as to make bee-keeping a hazardous occu- pation." Canada's foul brood inspector, in 1890 to 1892, reported 2,395 cases, and in a later report for 1893 to 1898, that 40 per cent of the colonies inspected were diseased. Cuba is one of the ■greatest honey-producing countries, and was lately reported to me by a- Wisconsin bee-keeper who has been there, and w^ill soon return \o Wiscon- sin: "So plentiful is foul brood in Cuba that I have known whole apiaries to dwindle out of existence from its ravages, and hundreds more are on the same road to sure and certain death. I, myself, took, in 90 days in Cuba, 24,000 pounds of fine honey from 100 colonies, but where is that apiary and my other 150 -colony apiary? Dead from foul brood." Cuba, in 1901, ex- ported 4,795,600 pounds of honey, and 1,022,897 pounds of beeswax. Cuba at present has laws to sup- press foul brood, and her inspector is doing all possible to stamp the same from the island. \ • Even in Wisconsin 1 know of several quite large piles of empty hives, where also many other apiaries where said disease had gotten a strong foothold. By the kindness of the Wisconsin bee-keepers, and, in most cases, by their willing assistance, I have, during the last five years, gotten several counties free of the disease, and at the present writing, March 12, 1902, have what there is ' in Wisconsin under control and quarantined. This dreadful dis- ease is often impo^ted into our State from other States and countries, so we may expect some new cases to develop until all the States shall enact such laws as will prevent further spread of the same. Arizona, New York (1899), California (1891), Nebraska (1895), Utah (1892), Colorado (1897), have county inspectors, and Wisconsin (1897), and Michigan (1901), have State inspectors. The present Wis- consin law, after five years of testing and rapid decrease of the disease, is considered the best, and many other States are now making efforts to se- cure a like law. There are several experimental api- aries in Canada, under control of the Ontario Agricultural College; also a few in the United States, especially in Colorado, that have done great work for the bee-keeping industry, and their various published bulletins on the satne are very valuable.' The Wiscon- sin State Bee-Keepers' Association has asked that an experimental apiary might be had on the Wisconsin Ex- perimental Farm, but at present there are so many departments asking for aid that I fear it may be some time be- fore bee-culture will be taken up. Causes of Foul Brood. 1. Many writers claim foul brood originates from chilled or dead brood. Dr. Howard, of Texas, one of the best ILLINOIS STATE BEE-KEEPERS' ASSOCIATION 17 practical modern scientific experi- menters, a man of authority, has proven beyond a doubt that chilled or common . dead brood does not produce foul brood. I have, in the last five years, also proven his statement to be true in Wisconsin, but I do believe such conditions of dead brood are the most favorable places for lodgment and rapid growth of disease. Also, I do not believe foul brood germs are float- ing in the air, for, if they were, why would not every brood-comb cell of an infective hive become diseased? I believe that this disease spreads only as the adult bees come in contact with it, which is often through robber-bees. Brood-combs should not be removed from any colony on cold or windy days, nor should they be left for a moment in the direct rays of sun- shine on hot days. 2. The foul brood may be caused by the need of proper food and tempera- ture. Generally this disease does not fippear to be serious during a honey- flow, but at the close of the honey sea- son, or at time of scarcity, it is quite serious, and as the bees at such times will rob anywhere they can find stores, whether from healthy or diseased combs, it is the duty of every bee- keeper to keep everything carefully protected. Hive -entrances contracted, no old combs or any article with a drop -- of honey in where the bees can get to it. While honey is coming in from ; the various flowers, quite a portion is used direct ^.s food for the larval bee, and with such no disease would be fed to the bees. Such fed bees, even in a diseased hive, will hatch, as is often the case. I never knew a case where a bee hatched from a brood cell that had ever had foul brood in. If the germs of disease are there in the ■ dried scale attached to the lower side walls, bees will store honey therein ; the T(ueen will deposit eggs, or the cell may be filled with pollen, or beebread, a.s some call it. Said honey, or pollen, f" when it comes in contact with those germs of disease, or the food given to the yoftpg bee, if in the proper temper- , ature, said germs of disease will grow '. and develop rapidly. . Causes of Contagion. I fully believe that if the history of foul brood in Wisconsin were known, nearly every case could be traced to contagion from diseased combs, honey, I or from home diseased queen-breed- —2 ers' cages. There are some instances where I have traced the history of con- ' tagion in Wisconsin: 1. Diseased apiaries, also single col- onies, sold either at auction or private sale. Several law suits have resulted in the settlement of some of the cases. 2. Brood-combs and various imple- ments from diseased hives, used by other bee-keepers, and borrowed ar- ticles. , 3. All the bees in an apiary dead from foul brood, and the hives having an abundance of honey in the brood- combs, said combs placed out by the side of hives, so that neighbor's bees might get the honey. From those combs I lined robber bees to seven other apiaries, and each time became diseased and were treated. 4. Robber bees working on empty honey packages in the back yards of grocery stores and baking factories. Said honey came from diseased api- aries, some located in far distant States, even Cuba. 5. Loaning of hives, combs, extrac- tors, and even empty honey-packages. 6. Buying honey from strangers, or not knowing where it was produced, and feeding it to bees without boiling the honey. 7. Too common a practice of using old brood-combs from some apiary where the owner's bees have died from "bad luck," as he calls it. 8. Queen-bee — by buying queen bees f]qom strangers and introducing her in the cages they came in. I have traced several new outbreaks of the disease to the hives where such queens were introduced, and the queens came from distant States. To be safe, on ar- rival of queen, put her carefully alone in a new and clean cage with good food in it. Keep her in there, warm and comfortable, for a few hours be- fore introducing. The shipping cage and every bee that came with the queen should be put in the stove and burned. I do not think there is .any danger from the queen so treated, even from diseased hives, but I do know of many cases where disease soo'n appear in the hives, where the shipping cage and bees were put in , with the colony. The great danger is ^ in the food in said cage being made from diseased honey. I was called to attend a State bee-keepers' meeting in another State, and I asked if any there had had experience with foul IS TWELFTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE brood. There was a goodly number • of raised hands. Then I asked: "Do any of you think you got the disease by buying queen-bees?" Again sev- eral hands were raised. Even bee- keepers there had traced the disease in their apiaries to the buying of queens, and all from the same breeder. If you get queens from abroad, I hope you will do with them as I have described above. Better be on the safe side. ' Experiments. 1. A prominent Wisconsin bee- keeper some years ago had foul brood among his bees so bad that he lost 200 Qfllonies before the disease was checked. Having a honey- extractor and comb-foundation machine, he first boiled the hives in a large sorghum ■ pan, then in a kettle all combs were melted after the honey was extracted; the honye was boiled and also the extractor and implements used. The bees were returned to their hives on comb-foundation he made from the wax made from the melted eombs, then fed the boiled honey. Several years have passed, and there has been no sign of disease in his apiary since. 2. Foul-brood germs are not always killed when exposed to a temperature of 212 deg. F. (boiling point) for 45 minutes. uBt in every case where the combs are boiled in boiling water, and same were well stirred while boiling, no germs were ali^e. 3. Foul brood in brood-combs is not destroyed when exposed to the temper- ature of Wisconsin winters of 20 deg".. below zero, and in one case I developed foul brood from combg that had been exposed to 28 deg. below zero. 4. Hon.ey, if stored in diseased combs, acts as a preserving medium, and in such cases the germs of disease will remain so long as the comb is undisturbed. Four years at least. 5. Honey or beeswax, or the refuse from a solar or sunheat extractor, is not heated enough to kill foul-brood germs. Several cases of contagion where robber bees worked on solar ex- tractor refuse or honey. 6. Comb -foundation made by sup- ply manufacturers is free from live Iferms of disease and perfectly safe to use. To prove this experiment be- yond a doubt, I took a quantity of badly diseased brood-combs from sev- eral apiaries and render each batch of combs into wax myself on the farm where found. Then on my own foun- dation mill I made some brood-foun- dation. I also took quite a quantity more of said wax, went to two whole- sale comb -foundation manufacturers, and both parties willingly made my ex- perimental wax into comb-foundation, just the same as they do every batch of wax, I then divided the various makes of foundation, and selected 20 of the best bee-yards in Wisconsin, where no disease has ever been known; had the same placed in 62 of their best colonies, and in every case no signs of disease have appeared. Those same colonies tontinue to be the best in the various apiaries. Symptoms of Foul Brood. 1. The infected colony is not liable to be as industrious. Hive entrance with few guard bees to protect their home. Sometimes fine dirt or little bits of old comb and dead bees in and around the hive-'entrance, and often robber bees seeking entrance. 2. Upon opening the hive, the brood in the combs is irregular, l^adly scat- tered, with many empty cells which need inspection. 3. The cappings over healthy brood are oval, smooth, and of a healthy color peculiar to honey-bee brood, but if diseased, the cappings are sunken, a little darker in color, and have ragged pin holes. The dead larval bee is 0 fa light color, and, as it is termed, ropy, so that if a toothpick is inserted and slowly withdrawn, this dead larva will draw out much like spittle or glue. 4. In this ropy stage there is more or less odor peculiar to the disease; it smells something like an old, stale gluepot. A colony may be quite badly affected and not omit much odor, only upon opening of the hive or close ex- amination of the brood. I have treated a few cases where the foul brood odor was plainly noticed several rods from the apiary. ST" Dried Scales. — If the disease has reached the advanced stages, all the above described conditions will be easily seen and the dried scales as well. This foul matter Is so tenacious that the bees cannot remove it, so it dries down on the lower side-wall of the cell, midway from the bottom to front end of the cell, seldom on the bottom of the cell. According to its stage of , development, there will be either the shapeless mass of dark brown matter, ILLINOIS STATE BEE-KEEPERS' ASSOCIATION I 19 on the lower side of the cell, often with a wrinkled skin covering, as if a fine thread had been inserted in the skin legthwise and drawn enough to form rib-like streaks on either side. Later on it becomes hardened, nearly- black in color, and in time dries down to be as thin as the side walls of the cell. Often there will be a small dried bunch at the front end of the cell, not larger than a part of a common pin head. To see it plainly, take the comb by the top bar and hold it so that a good light falls into the cell at an angle of 75 degrees from the tip of the comb, while your sight falls upon the cell at an angle of about 45 degrees. The scales, if present, will easily be seen as above described. This stage of. disease in combs is easily seen, and is always a sure guide or proof of foul brood. Such combs can never be used safely by the bees, and must be either burned or carefully melted. Be sure not to mistake such marked combs in the spring for those soiled with bee dysentery. The latter have a somewhat similar appearance, but are more or less surface soiled, and will also be spotted or , have streaked appearance by the dark brown sticky excrements from the adult bees. Treatment. "A bee-keeper who does not discover foul brood, before his nostrils remind him that there is something wrong with his bees, is not the proper person to treat the case." Dr. Howard, in his valuable book on foul brood, states: "I regard the use of all drugs in the treatment of foul brood as a useless waste of time and material, wholly ineffectiial, inviting ruin and total loss of bees. Any method which has not for its . object the entire re- moval of all infectious material beyond the reach of both bees and brood, will prove detrimental and destructive, and surely encourage the recurrence of the disease." In "Wisconsin, I have tried m.any methods of treatment, and cured some cases with each method; but the one that never fails, if carefully fol- lowed, and that commends itself, is the McEvory treatment. Canada's foul brood inspector has cured foul brood by the wholesale — thousands of cases'. McEvoy Treatment. "In the honey season, when the bees are gathering honey freely, remove the combs in the evening and shake the bees into their own hives; give them frames with comb-foundation starters, and let them build comb for four days. The bees will make the stflrters into comb during the four days, and store the diseased honey in them, which they took with them from the old comb. Then, in the evening of the fourth daj% take out the new combs and give them comb-foundation (full sJieets) to work out, and then the cure will be complete. By this method of treatment all the diseased honey is removed from the bees before the full sheets of foundation are wbrked out. All the old foul-brood combs must be burned or carefully made into wax, after they are removed from the hives, and all the new combs made out of the starters during the four days must be burned or made into wax, on account of the diseased honey that would be stored in them. All the curing or treating of diseased colonies should be done in the evening, so as not to have any robbing done, or cause any of the bees from the diseased colonies to mix and go with the bees of healthy colonies. By doing all the work in the evening, it gives the bees a chance to settle down nicely before morning, and then there is no confusion or trouble. This sa,me method of curing colonies of foul brood can be carried on at any time from May to October, when the bees are not getting any honey, by feeding plenty of sugar syrup in the evenings to ' take the place of the honey flow. It will start the bees rob- bing and spread the disease, to work with foul brood colonies in warm days when the bees are not gathering honey, and for that reason all work must be done in the evenings when no bees are flying. "When the diseased colonies are v/eak in bees, put the bees, two, three, or four colonies together, so as to get a good sized colony to start the cure with, as it does not pay to spend time fussing with little, weak colonies. When the bees are not gathering honey, any apiary can be cured of foul brood by removing the diseased combs in the evening and giving the bees frames with comb-foundation starters on. Then,^ also, in the vening feed the bees plenty of sugar syrup, and they will draw out the foundation and sore the diseased honey which they took with them from the old combs; on the fourth evening remove the new 20 TWELFTH ANNUAL. REPORT OF THE combs made out of the starters, and give the bees full sheets of comb-foun- dation, and feed plenty of sugar syrup each evening, until every colony is in first class order. Make the syrup out of granulated sugar, putting one pound of water to every pound of sugar, and bring it to a boil. As previously stated, all the old comb must be burned, or made into wax, and so must all new combs made during the four days. No colony is cured of foul brood by the use of any drug. A. L Root, of Medina, Ohio, says: "The starvation plan, in connection with burning the combs and frames and buildings the hives, has worked the best in treating foul brood. It never appeared after each treatment, though it did in some cases where the hives were honey-stained and not boiled, thus comflrming the theory or fact of spores.'" All the difference from the McEvory treatment that I practice is this: I dig a deep ,pit on level ground near the diseased apiary, and after getting a fire in the pit, such diseased combs, frames, etc., as are to be burned are burned in this pit in the evening, and then the fresh earth from the pit re- turned to cover all from sight. Often I use some kerosene oil, a little at a time being poured on old broodcombs, or those having much honey in, as they are harringfield, Illinois, October 30 and 31, 1912. The meeting was called to order by the President, C. P. Dadant, at 10 a. m., October , 30. Pres. Dadant — We will hear from the Secretary, the minutes of the last meet- ing, or any report he has to make. Mr. Stone — I have the minutes as I kept them. Pres. Dadant — If you see fit we can adopt the printed report as the minutes of the previous meeting. Mr. Stone — In order to bring every- thing before this meeting, it would be well to read the minutes, so that we may know what we want to do, and what we can do. MINUTES OF THE LAST MEETING, NOVEMBER 23, 1911. The 21st Annual Session was called to order at 10 a. m. by President Dadant. Prayer was offered by Mr. George W. York. The minutes of the last meeting were read and approved. Mr. Pyles moved that the Chair appoint a committee of three on the Legislative Committee; a committee of three on the Auditing Committee, and a committee of three on the Resolutions Committee. The Chair appointed on the Legislative Committee: Baxter, Stone and Becker. The Chair appointed on the Auditing Committee: Moore, York and Kildow. The Chair appointed on the Resolutions Committee: P^les, Bohrer and Roberts. The next inorder was the President's address, after which the Secretary's re- port was read and approved, and the Treasurer's report read and filed, and both referred to the Auditing Committee. Motion of Dr. Bohrer prevailed to pass resolution of thanks to the legislature for their passage of our Foul Brood Bill. Question Box was then in order until the noon hour. Upon motion made it was announced that 9 to 4 were in favor of the single tier case. Adjourned to 1:30 p. m. • Mr. W. B. Moore's address on Foul Brood. Address by Mr. George W. York on "The Proposed Constitution of the Na- tional." Motion by Mr. Baxter that the Secre- tary be instructed to give notice that if the Nntionai adopt the new Constitution, the Secretary send out notices to the effect that all who wish to affiliate with the National, for the $1.00, must send in that amount before the first of January, and that after that -time it will be $1.50. Motion carried. Motion by Mr. York that a second and third premium be asked on bees exhibited in a cage at the Fair Grounds — that the premium 1>e for $15.00, $10.00 and $5.00. . Motion carried. Motion was made that on Display of Samples of Honey, a change be made in the word Display — that it shall read Variety instead of Display. Carried. On motion a recess was taken to 7:30 tonight. Convention called to order at- 7:30 p. m. Report was heard on resolutions — pre- senting a vote of thanks to the Governor and members of the General Assembly. Report adopted. Auditing committee made report, which was adopted. State Foul Brood Inspecto-. Kildow, made his report, at some length. Report approved. ILLINOIS STATE BEE-KEEPERS' ASSOCIATION 25 A motion prevailed to have a picture taken of tlie members present at 10 a. m. tomorrow. Motion to meet at 8:30 a. m. tomorrow. Morning Session — 8:30 a. m. Meeting called to order by President Dadant in the Chair. It was decided to elect officers at 9:30 a. m. The decision of the morning meeting was to hold our Annual meeting the last of October. Motion was made that the Secretary's salary be made $100.00; and the Treas- urer's salary, $25.00. Motion carried. I»roceeded to the election of officers with the following result: President, C. P. Dadant. l.st Vice-President, EL J. Baxter. 2d Vice-President, I. B. Pyles. 3d Vice-President. W. B. Moore. 4th Vice-President, Louis Werner. 5th Vice-President, Aaron Coppin. .Tames A. Stone was re-elected Secre- tary and Chairman Becker, Treasurer. Pres. Dadant — Y'ou have heard the minutes, what shall we do with them? Mr. Baxter — I move that the minutes stand as read. Motion seconded and carried. Pres. I>adant — It has been the cus- tom to appoint a Resolution Committee, an Auditing Committee and a Legis- lative Committee; the Legislative Com- mittee has been the Executive Com- mittee, consisting of the President, Secretary and Treasurer. Now what is your wish in regard to the matter? Mr. Baxter — I move that the Presi- dent appoint all the Committees neces- sary. Motion seconded and carried. Pres. Dadant — ^I will announce the Committees later. Under the regular order of business, the next thing in order is the Presi- dent's address. I have never been in favor of addresses unless you have something of importance to report, which I have not this year. You all know of the difficulties of last winter and last spring for the bee-keep- ers of the country. I believe apiculture last April and May was at its lowest ebb — the low^est it has been for years, but now the general condition is very favorable and very encouraging, and we feel elated. We have a number of essays which will be discussed, we are to hear from our Inspector, and to have reports from the Secretary and Treasurer. I think this will keep us busy so I will not tire you with a long address. We will now have the Secretary's report. Secretary's Report for 1912. Although our membership has fallen ninety (90) below that of last year, we still have a good number on our roll, viz. : 229. Members of the State Association, direct — 162. Those coming through the Chicago - Northwestern, 53. and through the Northern Illinois and Southern Wis- consin, 14. We could not reasonably expect an increase after such a bad year as 19H was, and such a destructive winter fol- lowing it. Another cause for a decrease in our membership, we are quite sure, was on account of the National changing its constitution, making an additional fee of fifty cents. We were disposed to disfavor it for the reason that we could not see ahead as did those who promoted it. Now we are able to look forward to the great results to be obtained by membership in the National through which we can be as members of one great family. We are now of the opinion that the future for the National is brighter than ever before, and that means a prosper- ous condition for all the associations that may choose to be branches of the National. We expect the worthy Secretary of the National to be with us in our meet- ing and when we have heard from him, we will see the future in a different light from what we looked at it last year. We had three hundred copies of our 1911 report bound in cloth, and one hundred in paper covers. By the time our members were all supplied with the cloth bound copies, and the calls ans- wered from libraries in this and other states, they were about exhausted. In our membership this year we observe there are twenty-three new- members. We think these came as the result of sending out over a thousand inj- vitations for membership. About seven hundred of these went to the subscrib- 26 TWELFTH ANNUAL, REPORT OF THE ers of the American Bee Journal and five hundred to our own list. November 27th, 1911, at our Presi- dent's suggestion, we sent our resolu- tions of thanks to all the Senators (in numlber fifty-one). November 28th, 1911, we sent resolu- tions of thanks to all the Representa- tives (in number one hundred fifty- two.) ' A number of them sent answers of appreciation for our kindly feeling for their having done what they felt was their duty to do. When we made our plea for memibers last year, the time was so short until the National Constitution would take effect or be rejected, that it put the people in doul>t, and where doubt dwells, inaction results. The chang'es that were recommended at our last meeting in the Premium List were made, except we asked for a second premium for handling bees in a cage, which was not granted. How- ever, this year we only Had one exhibitor for that premium, but if there had been a second premium I think there would have been a competition. We are of the opinion, that in the case of competition, when the State Board fails to give a second, our As- sociation should do it, and in case of more than two competitors, then divide the sum of the premiums between the several parties competing. A Legislative Committee will be needed again this winter. We have a foul brood law, but we need the appropriation to carry it on, and also the appropriation to the State Association. Our President was our judge in the Apiarian Department at our State Fair this year, and he suggested a slight change in our code of rules for judging honey. Since last we met, our esteemed friend and one of our charter memfbers, S. N. Black, of Clayton, has passed to the great beyond We hope the proper committee will take action in this matter. Our foul brood law has now passed through its first full year's action, and when it shall get into its best work, and our National Association holding all other associations (-both State and District) together, we, as beekeepers, ought to fall into the ranks, to help to advance the causes that are so vital to us. The reason we have so many en- rolled and such a small attendance at this meeting, is because our members say: "We can have a full copfy of the proceedings in the report, therefore it is useless to come to the annual, meet- ing; we can read the report of the meeting at our leisure, when we have time." Our membership is three or four times as large as that of the Cfhi- cago-Northwestern, and yet their meet- ings are three or four times as large as ours. Pres. Dadant — You have heard the Secretary's report, gentlemen, what shall we do with it? Mr. Moore — ^I move that the report be accepted and placed on file. Mr. Baxter — In regard to what the Secretary has said in his report with reference to th§ National, I do not agree with him. I believe they have taken a step backward instead of for- ward. Mr. Stone is simply giving his sentiments. Pres. Dadant — The question is — not a discussion of his views, but whether or not we accept the report. Mr. Baxter — The question is, whether it is the views of the Society he is ex- pressing, or his own views. I want to know, if, by adopting the report, the society is endorsing Mr. Stone's views with reference to the National Bee-Keepers' Association. Pres. Dadant — We can accept the re- port without approving of everything in it. Mr.' Stone — Discussions on this can be brought out hereafter. Pres. Dadant — Your suggestion will be recorded and a discussion can be brought up any time. Mr. Kildow— .That is the idea I had in mind. I don't exactly agree with Mr. Stone on the question of the Na- tional Association, but I wish to accept his report, but not to accept his opin- ions regarding the National Associa- tion. I do not agree with him. Pres. Dadant — Any further remarks on the report? It not, all those in favor of accepting the report, say aye. IliLINOIS STATE BEE-KEEPERS' ASSOCIATION 27 Motion carried. Pres. Dadant — Have you the Finan- cial Report ready, Mr. Secretary? Mr. Stone — I have none; the Audit- ing Committee, ruling as they did last year — I did not make out a report. I ■will place my book before the Auditing Committee. Pres. Dadant — You might give us the items in total. Mr. Stone — I just m^ake out the orders ; the Auditing Committee voted that the Secretary make out orders cm the the Treasurer and stamp with rubber stamp, Association Fund or State Fund as the case might be, and keep no ac- count. Pres. Dadant — All ^we want is your figures and the Treasurer's report, and they will be handed to the Auditing Committee. My account with the Association shows on Nov. 20, 1911, a balance on hand $12.00 Oct. 25, 193 2, to amount of fees during year 107.50 Oct. 25. 1912, by amount turned over to treasurer during year. . .$119.50 The next thing in order will be the Treasurer's report. Mr. Becker — Are you ready with your report? TREASURER'S REPORT. (Report of Charles Becker, Treasurer of the Illinois State Bee-Keepers' Association.) From November 23, 1911, to October 29, 1912. ASSOCIATION FUND. 1911. Dr. Cr. Nov. 23. Balance on hand $ 234 . 94 1912. Dec. 18. From Dadant 17.00 Oct. 25. By cheque of J. A. Stone 102.50 $ 354.44 1911. Nov. 24. Paid J. A. Stone $ 75.00 1912. Oct. 29. Paid J. A. Stone , 100.00 $ 175.00 Balance on hand > .' 179.44 ~ $ 354.44 BALANCE ^pN HAND IN STATE FUND. Nov. 23, 1911 ^. $ 925.28 July 16, 1911— Cash by State Treasurer 1,000.00 Total $1,925.28 Paid out 22 orders $ 890.01 Balance on hand this day 1,035.27 Total I $1,925.28 Balance in both Funds: In State $ 1,035.27 In Association 179.44 $ 1,214.71 ., , By error on check .08 $ 1,214.63 PAID ON ORDERS IN STATE FUND. 1911. Nov. 23. Order No. 1— C. Becker $ 1.22 Nov. 23, Order No. 2 — Aaron Coppin 10 . 00 Nov. 24, Order No. 3— W. B. Moore 13.42 Nov. 24, Order No. 4— G. W. York 10.90 Nov. 24. Order No. 5— L. C. Dadant 7.04 Nov. 24, Order No. 6— C. Becker : 25.00 Nov. 24, Order No. 8— D. M. Stewart 10.00 Dec. 19— G. W. York 44.24 1912. Jan. 13, Order No. 10— L. M. Stewart 87.50 Feb. 5, Order No. II— L. M. Stewart 97.50 May 13, Order No. 4— State Register 278.50 June 19, Order No. 5 — ^I. E. Pyie 62.96 July 19, Order No. 6— W. B. Moore 28.83 July 11, Order No. 7—1. E. Pyle 44.67 28 TWELFTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE July 19, Order No. 8— Frank Hinderer 10.95 Sept. 13, Order No. 9—1. B. Pyle 23.56 Sept. 11, Order No. 10 — Arthur Lee Sept. 25, Order No. 11— C. Becker 15.46 Sept. 25, Order No. 12— Arthur Lee 4.39 Oct. 14, Order No. 13— W. B. Moore 20.93 Oct. 21, Order No. 14— Arthur Lee 4.05 Oct. 29, Order No. 15— J. A. Stone 84.25 $ 890.01 Cash on hand 1,035.21 $ 1,925.28 Mr. Becker — There, is a deficiency in this; it does not agree with mine exact- ly; I sent a cheque to Arthur Lee for $4.05 on the 21st, and, of course, I got it charged on mine; the cheque has not yet been returned. Then there is a difference of eight cents between Mr. Stone's account and mine; Mr. Stone sent in some money yesterday and I had to make out an order, and I dis- covered that we didn't balance, but we did not have time to hunt for it; it is only eight cents. Pres. Dadant — Are there any ques-, tions you wish to ask the Treasurer in regard to this report? Mr. Baxter — Do I understand from the reading of these various sums that the Association is paying some of its state funds out for foul brood inspec- tion ? MPj, Stone — Yes, not for time, but for expense. The State inspection fund does not allow the deputies any ex- pense;— it does allow the Inspector, but not the Deputy. Our Association voted it that way. Pres. Dadant — Any other question on that report? Mr. Baxter — How are our State in- spection funds? Have they been used up? Pres. Dadant — We will hear that from the Inspector. Any further ques- tions in regard to this report? If not, we will hand it over to the Auditing Committee. Mr. Stone — ^Would it not be well, Mr. President, to have the Auditing Com- mittee pass on the Secretary's report and on the Treasurer's report? Appointment of Committees. Pres. Dadant — Yes, I will appoint on the Auditing Committee Messrs. Moore, Kildow and Stum. I will appoint on the Resolution Com- mittee Messrs. Baxter, Roberts, L. C. Dadant. Do you wish to appoint an extra committee on legislation, same as we did last year? Last year they were added to the Executive Committee. Do you wish to enlarge the committee, or will the committee be the Executive Committee? Mr. Moore — I would suggest that the Executive Committee be the Legislative Committee, with power to call on any member of the Association to assist the executive committee, or do any work that they are called upon to do. Pres. Dadant — ^Do you make that as a motion? Mr. Moore — I do. Mr. Kildow — I will second that mo- tion; I want that committee to have a good deal of power. Pres. Dadant — You have heard the motion, igentlemen, that the Executive Committee be the Legislative Commit- tee, with ipower to call upon any mem- ber of the Association to act as a mem- ber of that committee. Are there any remarks upon the matter? Are you ready for the mo- tion? Motion carried. Pres. Dadant — Mr. Secretary, is there anything else before we discuss the matters that have been brought for- ward ? Mr. Stone — I do want to speak of one thing, Mr. President. It is the under- standing with our stenographer that we pay her so much, and an attendance fee, so much per page toeing paid for the report. I would suggest, as we have been in the habit of not taking down the papers, but putting them in separately— that it would make the re- port very much better if the stenog- rapher is allowed to take all of it. When we go to the printer with our report, we receive a bid a great deal cheaper if the report is all typewritten; otherwise it takes the printer much- longer to get the report in shape; and consequently the bid from the printer is much greater than the difference we ILLINOIS STATE BEE-KEEPERS' ASSOCIATION 29 would pay to the stenographer to have the report all typewritten. I would sug- gest, if it meets the approval of the meeting, that we allow the stenog- rapher to embody everything in the re- port, putting it all in typewritten shape. Pres. Dadant — I think it is a mistake to have the essays taken in shorthand, when they are already written; a copy of them can be made so that they will appear in the report, typewritten. Mr. Stone — Let her be allowed to em- body everything in the report. Mr. Moore — I would suggest that we have a few minutes recess to shake hands with those who have come in, and with each other. (Recess of ten minutes.) (Convention convened.) Pres. Dadant — Mr. Stone asks: "What shall I do when a man sends me $1.00 for membership fee, instead of $1.50? Mr. Stone — I got a letter yesterday from W. "W. Bishop, of Virginia, Illi- nois, saying that he could not Ise here; his dollar was enclosed for membership in the Association. I would like to know what to do with that one dollar. I credit the member with one dollar, and write to him and say: "Do yTpu want to be a member of the National also? If you do, the National will give you a subscription to the Bee-Keepers* Review in addition to your member- ship.'" I explain to them that, if this is what they want, they will have to , send in an additional fifty cents, and I do not get an answer. I leave that $1.00 credited to the Illinois State Bee- Keepers' Association; if there is any better way to do it I would like to know what it is. Mr. Moore — Mr. President, my under- standing was that this Illinois State As- sociation is a branch of the National; the only way a man can become a member of this was by paying $1.50 for membership in the two Associations. We are not authorized to accept membership in the Illinois State As- sociation alone; this is my understand- ing of it. Mr. Stone — Who made that that way? Mr, Moore — ^We did when we votQd to become members of the National Association. We are ,not a distinctive Association; we are a Isranch of the National as I understand it under the action taken one year ago. Pres. Dadant — Allow me to correct that. Mr. Moore — Then, Mr. Stone pen- tioned that he was writing to menibers, that by sending fifty cents extra they could get the Bee-Keepers' Review. They don't get that unless they send their $1.50 subscription. Mr. Stone — Tijey have already sent one dollar, and fifty cents more makes the $1.50 and gives them a membership and the Review. Mr. Moore — Get the Review also? L. C. Dadant — Yes, they do. Mr. Stone-^They pay $1.00 for the Review and get a membership in the National Mr. Moore — I don't understand it that way. I know that I have been a member of the National for years, and my subscription ran out this last year. My membership was in the National at the time and they sent me a notice of having to have $1.00, and a letter of explanation, that, under the rules -of the post office department, they could not send the Review otherwise. L. C. Dadant — Not unless you pay your subscription. Mr. Moore — My subscription was paid ahead. Pres. Dadant — I happened to be on the Committee that worded the 'Con- stitution of the National. At that time I called the attention of the other members of the Commit- tee, framing the new Constitution, to the fact that the Illinois State Bee- Keepers' Association was and is su- preme in Illinois; that it must be su- preme— that is — it has nothing above it if it is to be a State Association, chartered by the State and supported by the State; it can not be a branch of anything, but it can join the National Association and still remain supreme, and under no jurisdiction whatsoever except that of the State Government — so that I believe that we can accept menibers, as members of this Association and not of the National; they can join the Illinois State Associa- tion and not join the National. The Missouri State Bee-Keepers' Association, this summer, at which con- vention I was present, did make a rul- ing that a bee-keeper could be a mem- , ber of the Missouri State Association 30 TWELFTH ANNUAL, REPORT OF THE by paying- fifty cents, but that if he wanted to be a member of the National at the same time, he would have to pay $1.50; and we have heard nothing in the way of protest from the National. Mr. Moore — I think that is the way it should be. Pres. Dadant — That matter ought to be settled here. If Mr. Tyrrell comes, as has been mentioned by our secre- tary, I think that would be the time to take this matter up and settle it in a definite way;* If the National will not take those of our members who pay the one dol- lar and refuse to pay $1.50, and^ still want to be members of the State As- sociation, I think there would be a clash. I believe we ought to be able to make such of our members as we see fit, members of the National — those who pay enough — and still retain those of our association, without charging them the full sum, who do not care to be- come members of the National. Mr. Kildow — I want to ask a ques- tion! I would like to know if we get the Review after we become a member of this Association, or do they send out duns to pay for the Review? Mr. Moore — I got one. Mr. KildowT-I got one a short time ago, stating that, if I wanted the Re- view, I must send my dollar. I have been a member of the National many years — Why do they send me a notice to pay $1.00 for the Review? Pres. Dadant — ^I believe it would be a good plan to delay this question and the one asked by Mr. Baxter until the Secretary of the National is pres- ent; that is if he comes by tomorrow morning, or take it up this after- noon. Mr. Stone — He will surely be here to- day; he wrote me that he was com- ing; that he had been wanting to meet with the Illinois State Associa- tion, for a long time, because he rec- ognized the Influence of the Illinois State Association — and now I want to say, that Mr. Kildow's case was exactly like mine. I went into the National for fifty cents, because we joined before the first of January. Well, after they adopted this Review, the Secretary sent me a letter asking me if I wanted to get the several benefits of the Na- tional, and, if so, I would have to ad- vance one dollar for the Review; and that would make me a member of the National. The rule had been that if the money was sent in before the first day of September it only gave membership for the balance of the year, but after the first day of September, member- ship continued for the balance of that year and the whole of the next. Well, this came along in August, I know it was before the first, of Sep- tember, and he said if I would send one dollar, or recommend anj- mem- ber to send a dollar, we would be given membership for the balance of the j-ear and for 1913 as well, and I sent my dollar. Mr. Kildow — How much did you pay altogether? You paid one dollar last year ? "Mr. Stone — No, I paid but fifty cents. Everybody that paid here at our As- sociation last year, and all those who answered our notice, according to my report, paid but fifty cents. — (Mr. Baxter knows that was in the Minutes of the last meetimg — Mr. Baxter made the motion that a notice be sent out, that every one joining the State As- sociation and the National before the first day of January would get into the National for fifty cents.) This no- tice was sent out, and every one who came in before the first of January got in to the National for fifty cents. Mr. Baxter — But they didn't receive the Review. Mr. Stone — I did. I ana getting it right along. Mr. "Vaughn — ^I happened to get in for fifty cents but I received notice that I should pay one dollar and a half — that that would put me in the Association and give me the Review. My neighbor took the paper (the Review) and we were swapping litera- ture, so I didn't send the money. It seems to me I was told it was one dollar for the paper, which included membership in the National. Mr. Stone — If they had known you were a member of the State, they would have said, one dollar; that is the way they put it to me. Mr. Moore — I cannot understand why some of us put in one dollar for membership in two associations — fifty cents to go to the National, if a mem- bership in the National includes the ILLINOIS STATE BEE-KEEPERS' ASSOCIATION 31 Review — why we should be notified that we should send in fifty cents more. I paid $2.00 last year for membership here and in the National and for the Review, whereas the rest of you were getting it for one dollar and a half. Mr. Stone — Because you sent your fee before they had adopted the plan for the Review that they now have. If you send one dollar for member- ship for 1913, even though it be before ■ he first of September, they will give you a year's credit; I am marked down, $1.00 for 1913. Now I have to put^ down my fifty cents for this (Illi- nois) Association; and I will have paid one dollar and a half next year, for both. "^ Mr. Baxter — If the Review is the organ of the National Bee-Keepers' Association — why should not every member be entitled to a copy of it? Many members have paid for several years in advance. Why are they not entitled to credit on the books and why should they be asiced for additional funds? I seems to me there is something wrong in t>:at National Association. Pres. Dadant — I believe we are mak- ing a mistake in discussing this mat- ter until Mr. Tyrrell has come; the question Mr. Baxter has asked, we are not able to answer. Mr. Vaughn — I make a motion that this matter of the National be laid over until the Secretary of the National is here. Motion seconded and carried. Mr. Becker — I have been on the Executive Committee for years. We went to the Governor — before the dif- ferent LfCgislatures; we thought, at one time, that we had the matter pretty well settled and that we would get a foul brood law passed, but we never did succeed in getting it until Gov- ernor Deneen took a hand in the mat- ter, himself. You know what he did a couple of years ago. I was there when he called the attorney general in to the office and had him write out a new Bill; and it was only a short time before the legislature would adjourn; he in- structed his clerk to get the Chairman of both Committees from the House and Senate to a conference and secured our Bills. I would move you, that the Chair- man appoint a committee of five, with himself as chairman of the delegation, to call on the Governor, or his repre- sentative if he is not there himself, thanking him for the efforts he has made in behalf of the Bee-Keepers of the State of Illinois. Motion seconded; Mr. Vaughn — I would like to make an amendment to that motion. Why cannot a letter of thanks be sent him? That would be inexpensive and would probably be appreciated just as well as to have a committee of four wait on him. Mr. Kildow — Is there any need of that now? Did we not send the Gov- ernor a letter of thanks last year? Pres. Dadant — The Governor is a very busy man. He can run over a letter easier than he can admit a dele- gation. It would look to me as though a letter from this Association, signed by the Secretary, would be sufficient. L. C. Dadant — ^We wrote him a letter last year. There is no use in repeating it as far as I can see; unless some- thing can be gained by calling on him I think we had better let the matter drop. Pres. Dadant — The motion is to ap- point a committee of five to go and present our thanks to the Governor of the State for what he did for us last year. Mi*. Baxter — I am very much in favor of Mr. Becker's motion. I am not in favor of sending a letter. I would like to have that committee go and see him today or tomorrow. I think we feel that we are under obligations to him. I would like to assure him of my support, and to .do all I can for his re-election, in my district. I would like to tell the bee-keepers right here, if it had not been for a representative, Mr. B. N. Chiperfleld, we would never have gotten that foul brood law, and I think that, while we are thanking the Governor, we owe a great deal to Mr. Chiperfield; he is a man of great ability and can do things. Mr. Stone — I don't believe Mr. Becker or Mr. Baxter have said all that they should have said. Mr. Ohiperfleld was one of the great causes of getting Mr. Shanahan fav- orable to it. - • But the governor was wholly respons- ible for that Bill — for our getting it through. He said to Mr. Shanahan and 32 TWELFTH ANNUAL REPORT OP THE Mr. Hurburg-h: "Can't you get this Bill through today?" They said: "In - ten minutes' time that iDill will 'be on a second reading in the House." And it was.' Pres. Dadant — Are you ready for the question? AIJ those in favor of send- ing a deleg-ation, signify it by saying aye. Motion carried. President Dadant — I will appoint as delegates Messrs. Stone, Kildow, Baxter, Moore, Becker. Pres. Dadant — Do you wish to let that question of the Secretary as to whether he shall accept membership of $1.00 until we hear from the National Secretary — or do you wish to pass on that now? Mr. Baxter — I move that the $1.00 be accepted and that those paying the $1.00 be considered members of the So- ciety. Pres. Dadant — It is moved and seconded that we accept $1.00 for mem- bership to the State Association. That leaves the member out of the National as we understand it. Are there any remarks? Mr. Roberts — In the Notice of Bee Keepers' Meeting, sent out by Mr. Stone, it said: "On account of the change of the Constitution of the National Bee- Keepers' Association, our Associa- tion is a branch of the same, as are all the associations in the United States, unless otherwise voted in the Association." Pres. Dadant— That word "unless" is there — "unless otherwise voted in the Association." Motion carried. Pres. Dadant — Is there any new busi- ness to be brought before the meeting? Mr. Kildow — Ought we not to have a . Question Box, so that the members can begin to put in questions? Pres. Dadant — That is a good sug- gestion. Mr. Kildow, will you take , care of the Question Box? "We can discuss some questions this morning. We have a visitor with us from whom we have not yet heard, Mr. France, of Wisconsin. We w^ould like to hear from Mr. France. Mr. France — On my way down here — I have been so busy ever since I had the invitation to come — I made a few notes. I thought I would take a little time whenever it would be your most convenient hour, and that what I ha,ve to say might be followed' (by a discus- sion; as the noon hour will come soon, would it not be well to take this matter up later ? Pres. Dadant — Perhaps you could give us some information as to the crop in Wisconsin, and matters of interest outside of the line of your paper. Mr. France — Something just to fill in: Wisconsin was in the same sad con- dition as to winter losses as Illinois, and our oldest bee-keepers have had ex- periences during the winter and spring such as they have never witnessed be- fore. It has made me a great deal of additional work as Inspector over the state this year. But we w^ere fortunate early in the fall — we had sufficient rain, so that the clover came up over a large portion of the state. I never saw fields whiter with clover bloom than they were this year; unfortunately there were not bees enough and many of the days, while the clover was in bloom, were rainy- and cool^still the total of the state showed a pretty fair clover crop. Basswood is almost a thing of the pas't even in Wisconsin. The fall crop of honey has been un- usually heavy, so that as near as I can leai-n there are as many bees today in the state of Wisconsin as at this time a year ago, if not more. They have made up their losses and the hives are well supplied with honey for winter, with also a clover promise as good as we could ask for for the coming year. As for bee diseases — ^we have held them in check so that to a large ex- tent throughout the state very little disease is annoying the bee-keepers in Wisconsin. Black Brood or European Foul Brood — dropped, as it were without any cause, into three places in the state, and, in one of those, 133 colonies w^ere seri- ously affected; one of those yards has gone from over a hundred to six weak colonies; I don't attribute all that heavy loss to the disease. The original owner of the bees died at the time that the disease appeared, and it has lacked good, practical care in the yard, and you see the result and how the disease had an opportunity to spread among the colonies. But this subject of Bee Diseases is one that your Inspector will bring up, ILLINOIS STATE BEE-KEEPERS' ASSOCIATION 33 and perhaps it will be of a great deal mors interest at that time. Pres. Dadant — ^It is now ten minutes of twelve; it might be a good plan to adjourn until such time as you desire. Motion to adjourn. to 1:30 P. M., made and carried. FIRST DAY— AFTERNOON SESSION. The convention was called to order by Pres. Dadant at 1:45 P. M. Pres. Dadant — The first thing on the program this afternoon is the paper of Mr. Moore. Mr. Moore — When I got word from the secretary that he wanted me to speak, I was very busy and had very little time to prepare anything. I thought I would talk , a little in regard to our experience during the year, and ascertain if we could get some lessons that would be helpful during the coming year. When I woke up this spring with a loss of 60 per cent of my bees, I was nearly discouraged — until I began to get in reports from over the State, and got out on inspection work, and found that bee-keepers who had had years and years of experience had similar conditions — I began to feel that I was lucky. ' All writers of bee-keepers' magazines and books have always told us that the first essential to successful win- tering of bees was a good quality of stores. I knew last fall — and I guess all other bee-keepers realized this — that the bees -were getting a very poor quality of stores — the juice from grapes, peaches and apples — and the Ijees be- ing confined so long during the ex- tremely cold weather, it gave them dysentery, and this caused the heavy winter losses. The thing that was impressed on my mind-^and I would like to impress it on the mind of every toee-keeper — for experience is a good teacher — is to have a good quality of stores, and If we do this we can save a great share of these heavy losses in the winter. In the territory I inspected this sea- son— In Henderson, Warren, Knox, Mercer and Rocfc Island Counties — ■ amongst the larger apiaries, I found the loss would aggregate close to a thousand colonies, and I presume if we could get reports from all the small ~8 bee-keepers, it would run up to two or three times that many in those five counties. When we think, not only of the great loss of the bees themselves, but of the honey they would have produced this season, it counts up into a good sum. If we can save this loss "by taking this lesson to heart, we will be con- siderably ahead. Now that is a matter of education. I am a crank on education; I have talked the education of 'bee-keepers at every opportunity given me; I did last year; I brought up the question of putting in a course of bee-keeping in our State University, or working to that end. Bee-keepers, as a general thing, are not posted. If they were, much harm could be done away with — as in a locality I have ' in mind, where foul bTood was prev- alent, for years; one place especially, in the Southern part of Knox County, around Abingdon; I was informed there were at least 500 colonies of 1 ees in the vicinity of Abingdon — and I put in nearly three days there; I worked the territory for four or five miles in all directions; I found not to exceed one hundred colonies of bees that were all diseased; I found only one apiary of three colonies that had American Foul broodi. If those men a few years ago, having from 100 to 250 colonies of bees, had been posted, or paid any attention to their bees except to have swarms, and get honey, theyl could have saved a big loss. They have a splendid locality, and there is no excuse for the losses, except neglect and ignorance; and I find this condition exists all over. I want to urge again, this season, that we go before our legislature, and before any one . who has any voice or control in the management of the State Universities, and try to get a course of study on bee-keeping in our State Universities. Teach these farmer boys the im- portance of bee-keeping, and how to handle bees; teach them to diagnose diseases, so that we may wipe out this foul brood. I would like to also have something done to educate the public. This claim of manufactured comb honey has been run for years, and is still creeping out every now and then. 34 TWELFTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE A Standard Oil salesman called on me, and told me of a place in this State where he had tried to buy some honey. He picked out a cake of honey, and the grocer said: "I don't believe you will like that; that is manufactured stuff. Here is some raised rig^ht here at home." That salesman believed what the gro- cer said. I told him there was no such thing as manufactured comb honey. T^ie other day a man who lives in Galesburg said that his wife had bought a section of honey and they did not like it; that it was some of this manu- factured stuff. I told him there was no such thing as manufactured comb honey, and ex- plained to him what it was; that it was probably dark honey — probably last season's honey, and possibly of a poor Quality. I think the bee-keepers can do lots towards educating the public along the line of what foul brood is, etc., by go- ing to the local editors and getting them to publish articles; • they generally do it, without any charge. You can get, from the different editors of Bee Journals, articles on Bee dis- eases and Honey production, that most country newspapers would run as a matter of news. There is great ignorance on the part ,of the public in regard to the Inspector's work. A number of peo- ple this season, when I told them my business, said that it w^as a big expense for the State to carry, and that it did no' particular good; that it was a "graft." ■ They did not realize the amount of money invested and the amount of money made in bee-keeping in the State of Illinois. They thought I was getting big pay out of the State for . doing no work; they did not know any- thing about bee diseases and' how im- portant it is to get rid of them. If the bee-keepers all over the State, and members of this Association par- ticularly, would get some articles of" the right sort, and get the local papers to publish them, it would be a big help. Last spring. Dr. Phillips, of the De- partment at Washington, sent out ar- ticles to the newspapers to publish on foul brood — and I found a number of places in my district where the news- papers had printed these articles; and .when I told them my buisness, the people mentioned this article that the Government had sent out; and they understood my mission better. If the bee-keepers will work along those lines, and educate themselves and the public — I think it will be a big advent in the line- of bee-keeping. Pres. Dadant — The subject is open for discussion; we would like to hear the opinions of experts. Mr. Coppin, what have you for us? Mr. Coppin — I think Mr. Moore's idea, of having the local papers publish ar- ticles, is a very good one, but I think the better way would be, when we are inspecting bees, to get the people to join our Association and read a regu- lar Bee Journal of some description; that would be my idea of educating them. They would get more than by reading a little article in a local paper. Mr. Moore^l'hat part is all right, as far as the bee-keeper himself is concerned; if he is at all progressive, he wants to take the Bee Journals. I •advise them to take one Bee Journal, or more if they can. The general public are the people we want to educate. By having these ar- ticles published in the local papers, they will be better posted. Mr. Baxter — I believe that Mr. Moore's suggestions are" very good and very well taken. This matter of edu- cating the general public is very im- portant, and I began up our way to have our papers publish articles on the value of bees to the fruit growers, also the amount of wealth that they bring into the state. The bees are not -only good for the honey they produce, but of immense value to the agriculturist and horti- culturist generally, in the fertilization of flowers; probably, they bring in more revenue in the seed they produce, than from the honey and wax, and people are beginning to realize it. You cannot educate the public through the bee-keepers'- journals, be- cause only the bee-keepers take those pape)-s. - Also as to this question of educating our young men and women in the cul- ture of bees at the State University; that is a very important matter. : What you want to bring out promi- nently is that young men and wOmen Who undertake farming — to start a capital — use as a nucleus — the keeping ILLINOIS STATE BEE-KEEPERS' ASSOCIATION 35 of bees. They can begin with bees in a small way, in connection with their farming, and in the course of a few years they may make enough off of their bees to pay for their land. This should be brought to the atten- tion of our young men and women who are engaged in agricultural pur- suitR. If they are not adapted to the work they follow, they cannot expect to succeed; but these things want to be brought before them, and the more you educate them along the lines of bee-keeping, the better off you will be. Mr. Duby — Myself and son have been riding since midnight, and we have scarcely caught our breath, but before this Question is passed on, I would like to make a few remarks. Those of you who read the journals have seen, no doubt, that last spring, in eastern Illinois', we had two field days. I believe the results attained from such meetings are exceptionally good. It may be true that it does not reach very far; but we get people for a few miles around interested. You have, no doubt, seen the pictures of the meetings that we had; this ought to impress a few more along that line. If we would make an effort to have field days, and interest those in our respect- ive neighborhoods, I think this would be one of the best things to educate the people. I agree with what the gentleman has saic"; there are very few who under- staiid the subject of bee-keeping; many have bees because they have land, and thoy take no interesit in bee-keeping except for the amount of honey thev produce; they are interested only in the honey. If they were interested along that line, the chances are they would remain in the business a little longer. I am very much interested in having field days. I understand that in some of the eastern states they are doing this and meeting with remarkable suc- cess. I don't see why Illinois can't take such steps — and, more especially, the State Association. M;-. Withrow — I think what Mr. Moore said is all right. "We are catering to a class of men who are already interested; if we get articles published in farm papers, the ordinary farmer will read these articles — and I think we could educate many in that way much better than in maAy *v«5: others. • •»• ~ i^-" I take probably eighteen or twenty different farm papers, and there are very few articles on bees in them; they go to the farmers who probably keep from one to ten colonies of bees — and many of them are all the time fuSsing about the bee inspector. I had a little experience, too. I went up to a man and wanted to look at his bees. He wanted to know what kind of "graft" that was; he '■ swore at me, and was not going to let me look at his bees. ' I talked to him for a while, — ^I ex- plained to him what I wanted to do, and, after he understood it, he was all right. I think if the officers of the As- • sociation would write an article on this foul brood question and that of "manu- factured" honey, and send it to the farm papers, they would gladly pub- lish it. Mr. Baxter — I find that one of the most successful ways of getting the pupblic interested is to go into the schbols and talk to the children; they report what they have heard to the parents, and the parents get interested. I believe that has done probably niore to get the matter before the pub- lic in our section of the country than anything else. Pres. Dadant — The question of bee- keeping in the schools is being agitated more than ever. Has any one of you appeared before the School Boards? Mr. Coppin — The high school class of our town — the professor •u'as in my yarr" yesterdaj^ taking lessons on bees; it was a pretty nice day yesterday. ■ Pres. Dadant — He was with a class, ,^ was he? Mr. Coppin — Yes. Pres. Dadant — How many people did he have? Mr. Coppin — About a dozen. Ml. Moore — Mr. President, I have apr peared before the high school at home, in the principapl's room, with probably thirty or forty students — the senior' class was taking a course in nature studj-, and the lecture w^as more par- ticularly for that class. I told the pro- fessor to have the entire school come and get the benefit of the lecture, both the senior and junior classes, so that the entire school heard the lecture. I had models and explained the structure of the bee — their digestive 36 TWELFTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE system — their nerve sy^t^fn, and so on; I gave them a lecture j^roCit g;n hour and' a quarter long, and Ijad them ask questions. It is surprising the points they bring up in their questioning; they ask things that you would hardly expect them to ask. This was in the , school room, in the winter time. It was too late in the season to do anv practical work, but before school is through next spring, I am going to have a class come to my yard, and show them the practical workings of the hive, and the manipulations and everything in regard to it. I will endeavor to teach them that they need not be afraid of the honey bee. I have had old bee-keepers scared stiff with the way I handle bees. I have gone in their apiaries, and they have asked me if I did not want a veil; they would bring one out; and they have told me that I would have to "smoke" that particular colony. I would handle them right, and have no trouble whatever, and I would not have to smoke them or to use a veil, and didn't get any stings either. One old fellow said to me — "You pay no more attention to them than if they were a lot of flies." That is another thing that can be acomplished in the line of educating! Mr. Baxter — T went before the High School, and they were very much in- terested. Mr. Duby— In talking about the high school: Only a few days ago I sup- plied one of the school marms with a queen and a drone. The assistant said —"Oh, my, what Ij^^utif ul flies." They have a big microsciope, and I suppose it must be interesting to study the bee in this way. They did not ask me to send them these bees, ^but I knew they had a class in that line and that they are always looking for subjects for their microscope. I think many of us can do a great deal along these lines. Mr. Moore— My little girl, nine years of age, in going to school; is aslced to write essays; She was told to write an essay on the honey bee, and she came to me to get some thoughts and she wrote an essay on thei subject. The people — educators — 'and the children are becoming interested in this subject, and I think the more we can bring it to the attention of the public, the more will it help bee cul- ture. Mr. Coppin — At my place — the pro- fessor had his class there, and we opened a hive — took the 'bees out, and showed the class a queen and the worker bees, and the drones, and the drone comb, and the worker comb; the scholars had blank books and pencils and took notes; and the> professor asked questions of the class, and if could not answer them, I answered for them. Pres. Dadant — Miss Coppin has a lit- tle piece on the Usefulness of the Bee; we would like to hear it Miss Coppin — The subject of my piece is — Mr. Middleton's Experience as a Sure Cure for Rheumatism. (Miss Coppin gives reading.) Mr. Duby — (of St. Anne) Mr. Chair- man, I was telling you that I was out of breath — and I have scarcely found it yet, but that story reminded me of a little incident; one day a traveling man met two men and after they talked a little while the traveling man asked what nationality they were; one said — "I am an Englishman." "Oh", said the traveling man, "If you were not an Englishman, what would you be?" "I would be an Irishman." And to the other, he said — "Well, sir, to what nationality do you belong?" "Be dad, and I am an Irishman." "And if you were not an Iris'hman, what nationality would you be?" He replied "Be jabbers and I would be asihamed of myself." In our town there was a man subject to rheumatism. I told him I had heard that the bee sting was a sure cure for rheumatism; and he could come out to my place if he cared to and we would try it. He came: I said to him — "Come right along, and we will go out to the bees." We worked towards the bees, and the closer he came to the bees, the -more spry he began to walk ; and when we came within fifty feet of them, one bee ran across his nose; and he said — "I have enough; I have no more rheumatism. I am going home," Mr. MOore — ^While we are talking on the subject of bee stings for a cure for rheumatism. We have had reports along that line, both ways. Some say that it is a benefit, and some say that it is not. ILLINOIS STATE BEE-KEEPERS' ASSOCIATION 37 1 think it is largely due to the different forms rheumatism takes; just as differ- ent foods and medicines have different effects on people, according to the dif- ferent systems. The Homeopathic School of Medicine uses bee sting poison. Ahout a week ago I got an order from a Doctor in Oklahoma for bee sting poison. He is one of the censors of the Oklahoma School of Homeopathy. They use it is their practice of Medi- cine. Prea Dadant — -Mr. Baxter, have you an essay? Paper by Mr.' Baxter: Because of and Not in Spite of. The heading of this article was sug- gested to me on reading an article from the pen of Mr. Arthur C. Miller in A. B. J. for August, 1912, entitled: "Because Of or In Spite Of," in which he seems to doubt the efficacy of the means employed by bee-keepers in se- curing good results, suggesting that the results obtained might not be due to the means employed, but would have "been obtained without them, I am one who believes in cause and effect. I do not believe that anything liappens by chance. If I have (as I have had), an apiary that goes into winter quarters with plenty of young iDees, plenty of good stores to last them until the following May, well packed ■with moisture absorbents and upward ventilation, and that apiary shows up in the spring, after an unusually long and severe winter, with nearly every colony alive and in good condition, ■while another apiarj- in the same lo- cality, in exactly the same condition as to bees, stores and make of hive, but not packed v/ith moisture absorb - •ents and upward ventilation, but with sealec^ covers, comes out in the spring "with nearly every colony dead and the "hives full of honey, and when this Tiappens not only during one winter, l)ut in several winters to a greater or less extent, during an experience of thirty-five years, it is reasonable" for "me to conclude, and rightly so, too, that the difference in results w'as due to the mode of packing and not in •spite of it. And so it is with many other operations in the apiary, such as spring feeding to stimulate, requeen- ing, etc., etc., all of which have given surprisingly good results over the let alone theory, when carried out judici- ously and within reason. One must understand his business, have some purpose or object in view, - and direct his operations to accomplish that object. Experience is the best teacher, and when guided by reason and good, comrnbn sense, we w^ill not work long in vain. EMEL Ji. BAXTER. Pres. Dadant — The matter is open for discussion; I would like to hear some remarks. Mr. Duby — I would like to ask the gentleman a question or two. I am not very much impressed with this absorbing business, but it is a problem that T would like to have solved. T tried that some years ago; I have tried every known method, from wintering in the cellar to wintering in the garret, and the trouble I find is this: By the middle of the winter, as I had occasion to open the cover of the super of the hive, whether there was chaff in there or straw, or leaves — it was simply w'ringing wet. I have an idea if it were left on the hive& like this it would be injurious to the bees. When I opened this cover it happened to be a nice sunshiny day — and what I did not take out then, when I did take it out in the spring, it was almost rotten — and I have had no better results in wintering with ab- sorbing things like this than in any other way. Mr. Baxter — It is just because you neglected to have an outlet for the moisture to escape. If you had put a hole in the end of the cap — or if the cap was not perfectly tight, you would have had no trouble with wet leaves or wet absorbents. I have tested both ways. Mr. Stone — I have a hole in the end. Mr. Duby — That is worth coming here for. . Pres. Dadant — It is hardly proper for the President to say anything. But I want to say that what moisture you get into the absorbents is away from the bees. Mr. Coppini — Is it necessary to have absorbents on the bees whilst they are wintering in the cellar? I have prac- tised wintering in the cellar, and I don't use anything of the kind. I take the bottom board off, or give them ventilation underneath. Mr. Moore — I will tell a little in-? 38 TWELFTH ANNUAL. REPORT OF THE cident; one bee-keeper spoke to me about the trouble he had with his combs moulding in the cellar; I told him it was from lack of ventilation; and that it would be well to take the covers oft of his hives and put :> sheet of burlap over the top of the frames; provide plenty of upper ventilation, so that there would be a draft in there, and he would experience no trouble with his combs moulding. It does not matter whether the cellar is wet or dry, — if you can keep the temperature equal and give them plenty of ventilation — you will come out all right. A member — I am sure that half of my losses of last winter were due to sitarvation — to lack of feed. Mr. Kildow — Here is a question along that line. Heavy Winter Losses. To what do you attribute the heavy winter losses of last year? Mr. Dtuby — A long, cold spell. Mr. Moore — Speaking for the five counties that I inspected, I would say that the poor stores, and the long, con- tinued cold weather gave the bees dysentery. I examined the combs of several hundred colonies of bees that had died, and in almost every instance it was due to dysentery, with plenty of stores in the hives this spring. Pres. Dadant — I think we ought to have a pretty general discussion from all those who have an opinion on the subject. Mr. Roberts, what have you to say ? "\ Mr. Roberts — I believe that most of . the bees died from starvation, with plenty of honey in the hives; the reason was that the top was tight and they could not get through; there was no communication — so they died. Some one wanted to buy some bees, and a party had twenty-six swarms for sale. He said to me, — "Mr. Roberttv* is it safe for me to buy those bees?" I told him to turn up the hive and look in, and he did so, and there was a solid inch of ice; this was in Febru- ary. I said to him — "If you can take them to a warm room and thaw them out gradually, you can save them. I believe that most of the bees died, last winter, by being confined that way — having ice all around them, and they could not get honey. Mr. Moore — I can hardly agree with that idea. Down at Roseville — Mrs. Axtell, who has been a bee-keeper for years — she is an old member of this Association, , and has had articles printed in the Association Reports — • last winter had sixty colonies of bees; they use the large double walled chaff hives; and had the bees packed thor- oughly and carefully last fall, with plenty of stores; and in those chaff hives s'he had very little trouble from ice forming around the bees, or 'becom- ing too cold. I examined several hundreds of the combs of those sixty colonies and found traces of dysentery on all of them, so I was firmly convinced that it was simply dysentery; it was caused from poor quality of stores. The bees worked on decayed peaches last year, and being conflend so long on account of the cold weather, it gave them dys- entery. L. C. Dadant — I believe it is more from the bad stores than from the long winter. In one of our apiaries we had ninety colonies; twenty- three of which we bought of another man and transferred along in August. They made their stores after August and had good honey, while the others had hon- eydew. Out of these twenty-three — we lost one or twQ, and from the rest, we lost 35 per cent — located on the same slope: they also came out in much better condition than the rest — so it proves that the long winter had less to do than the quality of stores, -with the losses of last winter. Pres. Dadant — Mr. France, we would like to hear from you. Mr. P'rance— I would like to keep still on these subjects, but I will say that in my trips over the State, in the fore part of the season, inspecting bees, v.-here the winter losses were heavy, I found, almost without exception, that the losses came where the honej- flow was unusually heavy. Several in our State save out full combs of clover and basswood, to ex- change in the fall for fall honey, and they hardly ever have winter losses. I call to mind a Oonvention at -New York one winter; they had a little banquet at the close of the conven- tion, and upon the table was some New York Gilt Edge Honey; it hap^. .ILLINOIS STATE BE'E-KEEPERS" ASSOCIATION 39 pened to be buckwheat; and in a little toast I referred to their New York Gilt Edge Cbmb Honey; — splendid article of buckwheat — 'but if I were back home I would be alarmed' at trying to winter my bees on such food. The most extensive bee-keeper in the State called our atention to the fact that they had wintered their bees for years on buckwheat and consid- ered it ideal. I asked him if he would please report to me next meeting what his loss was; he said — "Why do j'ou suspect any loss?" — Because my fingers are tender on the ends, and if you roll your fingers through that honey, you could detect grains of pollen in it. He reported to me 82 per cent of loss, and since then he has been paying a little attention to that point. Pres. Dadant — In the olden time — in the time of Mr. James Hed- don (now dead) — he often reported great losses which in his opinion were due to too much pollen in the honey — especially in the fall honey. I believe there is a point there that should be emphasized. Mr. Baxter — T believe that the lasses are not due to any one single cause. Last year the bees had poor honey. The honey, as a rule, was not so poor as the year before, but the winter was very long; in the year of 1910 we ex- pected a loss of from 50 per cent to 60 per cent of our bees, tout it did not materialize; the winter was mild; they had a chance to fly out and it minim- ized the bad effect of the food; those conditions did not prevail last winter. Mr. Dadant said that out of those 23, — 22 wintered all right, and one of thein died. They were well packed; suppose they had not been Avell packed — what would have been the result? Can you conjecture? They would have died; that has been my experience. I think it is very important, in pack- ing bees, to have the absorbent above; I have tested that for years and years; and not only is it necessary to have the absorbent above, but to have plenty of ventilation. I lay two little sticks above the frames, and lay my mat on them, so after the -bees reach the top, they can go sideways and can reach the honey wherever it is,- no matter how cold the weather is; but if the frames are sheets of ice on both sides, they can't penetrate the ice, and are bound to starve to death, with hives full of honey. Therefore, the principal cause of the losses last winter was the long con- tinued cold, so that the bees could not have the flight necessary under the prevailing conditions. Mr. Moore — I do not want to convey the idea that the poor stores was the entire cause of this winter loss, because I realize that it was not; it was a combination of- circumstances — both of poor stores and a long, cold winter. I know that I took a gambler's chance — and I guess the majority of bee- keepers did; we rea'.ized we had poor stores but we thought we might have a winter like the winter before, and that we would get through all right. Pres. Dadant — We have now with us the Secretary of the National As- sociation, Mr. Tyrrell, and although we want to discuss with him some sub- jects that seem more vitally important to us than the present, yet I know he will be willing to give us his opinion on this. Mr. Tyrrell — So far as my opinion gees, if that is of vaaie — I heartily concur in the statement just made — that it Avas a combination of the poor stones and the long, cold winter. The two combined worked out to the disadvantage of the bee in the end. Had they had excellent stores to begin with, they might have stood the long, cold weather better than they did with ]-)oor stores; that is merely my opinion. Mr. Kildow — I find, in regard to packing — in a winter like last winter — you must get packing over your bees so that ice will not form over them; and j'ou must have enough on to do that. The cause of the losses of last winter was, I believe, a combination of the cold winter, bad stores and insufficient packing; and still I run across lots of bees this summer that were wintered out of doors in an old box hive, with no packing whatever, and one side was split up so that you could see the bees — maybe that is the exception — but they Vvintered all right. Throughout the country you will often find this, and why it is so, I don't know. Mr. Baxter — Simply because they had ventilation. Mr. Stone — Do you put burlap or 40 TWELFTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE anything over the brood frames be- fore you put on the mat? Mr. Baxter — Yes, a straw mat. Mr. Stone — I want to relate an ex- perience I had last winter. I did not have ;; hive th^t went through the winter safely except the hives I had left brood frames on in the top story. I had put them on to get honey for exitra'Uinig purposes, and there were eight only out of sixty swarms that had honey enough in there to amount to anything; I took the others off, empty as I put them on. I left these cases on because I thought they would eat the honey, and when the extreme cold weather came, I thoii'jht the warmth of the hive would escape to the top s'tory and they would freeze to death. Only eight hives went through all right and safely; the others all died. Mr. Vaughn — It seemed to be the conclusion of those present that it was the extreme cold weather and poor stores that caused the loss, until Bro- ther Stone spoke. I lost 50 per cent: out of twewty-four stands I brought through twelve; I am a beginner; I observed that the bees that died had eaten all the honey they had above; two out of 12 died with honey on both sides and none above; the other ten had some little honey on one side but they were clustered on the other. Mr. Riggs, my neighbor, and I, — instead of having a center en- trance, we are going to have an en- trance at one corner of the hive, so that the bees clustering here on one side of the hive can eat towards the stores, and won't eat away from the stores. I don't know how that is going to work, but we are going to try the side entrance. Mr. Tyrrell — Some time ago a writer, in one of the Bee Journals, brought out that point, but he held the theory that if the entrance to the hive was in the center at the front of the hive, the bees naturally formed there close near the entrance, and would eat both ways; if they went to the right, they struck the right hand wall, and if to the left, the other side, but by making two little entrances, one on each cor- ner, the bees would form on one corner or the other and work clear across the hives before they run out of stores; that statement was made by a promi- nent bee-keeper. A member — When they had two en- trances, did it not result in not put- ting honey in the corners and putting it in the center ? You will notice that if you make an opening near the top of the hive, the bees will take honey away from that' opening and store it somewhere else. The bees don't want their honey where the robbers can get it. If you make two openings, one on each cor- ner, instead of putting their honey on the sides away from the entrance, they will put it to the center, away fTom the entrance. You may think the bees are working towards the honey; they simply have their honey differently located. Mr. Vaughn — I only spoke of one en- trance; I have read of this double en- trance, too; I am not in favor of a double entrance; bees will not cluster at the entrance; I am in favor of only one entrance, and that at the corner. Mr. Baxter — I want to ask Mr. Stone whether t'he top box was sealed tight in these hives, so that moisture could remain in the upper story and keep the lower story dry? Mr. Stone — It was a double story; on top of the upper frame there was oil cloth; the bees had sealed it tight. Mr. Baxter — The moisture was a'b- sorbed in the upper box and kept the others dry, so that it was virtually the same as being packed. Warm air naturally rises up; steam rose up into the upper chamber; the air itself is a good absorlDent. Mr. Stone — 'I had as high as twenty pounds of honey in the lower part of the hives. Mr. Baxter — If you had had matting or some ventilation over the upper story, the bees below might have been unable to survive, but that gave a check to the escape of warm air and helped to retain heat in the lower body of the hive. In regard to the question of a side entrance: In taking off the boxes in the fall, getting ready for the winter — with an entrance in front you find' the bees clustered in any part of the hive; I found them in the sides or in the center; ther6 is no regularity about that, no matter where the entrance is; I have had bees ^vhere they did come in on the side, but I could not see that . ILLINOIS STATE BEE-KEEPERS' ASSOCIATION 41 it made any difference; they are just as apt to cluster near that. If it is a poor year, and there is honey only in a certain part of the hive — there you will expect them to cluster; I don't think the entrance makes any differ- ence. Mr. Stone — No, I don't think the en- trance makes any difference. Pres. Dadant — Is it your desire to now take up the matter that has been left until the arrival of brother Tyr- rell? Mr. Stone — Mr. Tyrrell wants to rest today, Mr. T>adant. Pres. Dadant — The photographer will be here in a few moments to take a picture of the mem'bers; Ave might now adjourn for ten minutes. Meeting adjourned to have picture taken — and then called to order bj- the President. Pres. Dadant — The next paper we haev is that of L. C. Dadant — su'bjecf. Use of The Bee- Escape for Extracting Honey. To the enthusiastic bee-keeper work about the apiary has its fascinations as well as its drawbacks. In my judg- ment the most fascinating is putting on supers when the flow is on and when the bees are fairly rolling in honey. The most disheartening is feed- ing in June when all colonies are on the point of starvation and seems likely to starve for the rest of the summer. But the hardest and most trying work is taking off honey by brushing off bees after the crop is over and every bee is Intent on doing all the mis- chief it can. Through the columns of the Bee Journals and at various Convention Meetings, noted and practical bee- kieepers have made the assertion that they would rather take off honey by brushing than by using bee-escapes. I believe the conditions under which these men work must differ markedly from the conditions with us. Very probably they take off their honey at a time when there is still a light flow on, and it may be that their super com>bs are well sealed throughout. Then the bees are more easily removed or smoked down than where there are empty or oarfy empty combs in the supers. Even with combs well sealed there Is bound to be trouble. When 'bees are crowded for room they nearly always burr or brace conabs and fill them with honey. Taking out the frames from every super to brush the bees, or even taking the supers apart is bound to tear up some comb,, make the honey run, daub up some bees and very quickly start robbing. No sooner is robbing started than some of the quietest colonies will become veritable demons and the pleasure of taking off honey will become the most strenuous job one can undertake. Taking off honey when there is still a substantial flow is relatively, pleasant work as there are few cross bees and little roibbing going on. But in a honey dearth, when one has to brush and brush, when a hive has to be kept open for fifteen, twenty, or even thirty min- utes at a time, that is when one really earns the honey he is getting. To my mind the bee-escape is one of the most useful of all modern bee implements. With an apiary of thirty to one hun- dred hives, yielding from one to five tons of honey, we feel that we can make more rapid headway, save time, ti-ouble, loss and temper by using the bee- escape throughout. There is little doubt that more honey is taken from the hives today without the use of ^bee-escapes than with them. Probably the most serious objection of- fered to them by the practical apiarist is that they are not handy for use in out-apiaries. The fact that~they have to be put on the hives the daj- before extracting necessitates an extra trip. When- the apiary is at a great distance this is certainly objectionable. Many extensive bee-keepers, however, are now using automobiles or motorcy- cles, and with the help of these ma- chines the time lost in going back and forth is reduced to a minimum and can easily be made up in time saved by using the escapes. In putting on escapes we usually be- gin about two or three o'clock in the afternoon, depending on just how warm the weather is. Should the weather 1 e exceedingly hot and the hives ex- posed to the sun, there is danger of the surplus combs melting down and being destroyed. One must remember, of course, that as soon as the escape board is put on. the circulation In the upper part of the hive practically ceases. As soon as the bees in the A2 TWELFTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE upper story find themselves shut off from the entrance they seek a place of exit. By next morning- they are down into the brood chamber and the supers are free of bees and ready to be taken off. "We have found that on cool nights bees go down better than on warm nights as they seek the cluster for warmth. However, if it is very cool and the temperature hovers around the freez- ing point, the bees will not go down very well and very often a small bunch will cluster in the upper super for warmth. , That the supers should be bee tight is a very important item. Just as soon as the escape board is in place and the bees start down, the supers are left practically without any defense and the robbers are not slow to discover this and make merry with the stores they find so easily. The time it * requires to put on escapes is froni one to two minutes per hive, depending on how tight the super sticks to the hive and just how good a joint the super makes with the escape. With u there is an over abundance of propolis, and the lower edge of the super is well gummed up. If the weather is warm the propolis mashes out of the way, but if the weather is cool it sometimes forms lumps and holds the super up from the board high enough to allow a bee to pass under. Before we used the Ijee-escapes in our apiaries we were always sure to have several bad cases of robbing at extracting time. Since we have adopted their use, it is a very uncom- mon thing to have a single colony in danger at any time and the honey house is not so heavily besieged by robbers. Nearly every bee-keeper realizes what a bad case of robbing means and dozens of anti-robbing de- vices have been invented with more or less success. The best safeguard is to nip it in the bud and prevent any bee from securing stolen sweets. When the escape is put under several supers in one tier the bees are a little slower to vacate them than when put under but one super. Very often, however, we have put them under four and five supers (shallow supers) and have had the bees go down in twelve to eighteen hours. Usually the bee- escapes are put on all the hives at one time and the single supers removed first, leaving the higher tiers for the last, so as to give ample time for the bees to descend. Otcasionally a colony refuses to leave the supers — several things may be responsible for this. Brood in the supers is certain to keep the bees above as they always protect their brood and keep it warm. The presence of a queen in the super will always prevent their descending. A hole in the bee-escape board, allowing the bees to pass back and forth, de- stroys the value of the escape. This objection may seem unnecessary but it is not uncommon for the escape board to either have a small knot hole or a crack caused by the shrinkage of the wood. A particle of comb, a dead bee, a cobweb, or a straw in the escape spring renders the escape ineffective. Another objection to the escapes raised by many bee-keepers is that in cold weather the honey becomes stiff as soon as the bees have left the supers, making extracting a much harder job. To my notion it is pref- erable to handle heavy honey than to have to brush bees that are numb and fly just far enough to light and crawl over the bee-keeper. These drawbacks are usually very easily overcome. When queen exclud- ers are used there is never any fear with either the queen or brood above. With a little care, the escape board can be made bee tight and the springs kept free of obstruction. When the escape is used there is no need of handling the frames in the apiary as this is all done in the honey house. When the escapes are first put on, the lower super is pried loose and if there is any dripping honey it drips on ■the escape board and is all licked up clean by morning, or by the time the supers are ready to be taken off. I am unable to give any information in regard to using bee-escapes for the production of comb honey as our ex- perience has been with extracted honey exclusively. However, it seems to me that they would be even more indis- pensable to the comb honey producer than to the bee-keeper who runs for extracted honey alone. Pres. Dadant — This subject is now open for discussion. L. r. Dadant — I would like to hear from Mr. France on that subject; last ILLINOIS STATE BEE-KEEPERS' ASSOCIATION 4i year at the Chicago-Northwestern Convention he said he did not use bee- escapes; he said he smoked them down. I would like to know how he prevents robbing. Mr. France — Different localities make these differences. The bulk of our honey is removed from the hives before Mr. Dadant's honey season begins; the conditions of our locations are differ- ent— although I have tried the bee- escapes and am now using them some in the home yard; in this apiary of one hundred or one hundred and twenty colonies, we calculate to extract all those combs in the whole apiary in one day. The same is true of each out apiary. ^ Boys go in pairs to a hive; one opens the hive, and at once the other puffs a little smoke over the honey combs to start the bees below. With hive tool the combs are quickly lifted out, and as they come high enough the bees are brushed off onto combs below, using a soft German brush the width of the comb, making clean sweep of entire comb on both sides at the same time. The combs are placed in common hive body on wheelbarrow and wheeled to bee-house in exchange for fresh ex- tracted combs, so that when entire apiary is extracted no set of combs are in same hive as they were before being extracted. I certainly favor removing the bees with bee-escapes where the operator can place escapes on the evening before extracting, but for my several out apiaries, each several miles from home. It is not practical. If I had an auto, or quick means of travel, likely all my out apiaries would have bee-escapes in use. ! ""^ From 3 to 5 minutes is plenty of time for anj'- pair of boys to take off a full set of ten extracting combs and return as many extracted combs. L. C. Dadant — Do you return the combs at the same time if there is no honey flow? Mr. France — There is a honey flow on w^hen we extract. L. C. Dadant — That makes all the difference in the world. Pres. Dadant — Have you ever had any one complain of the taste of smoke in the honey? Mr. France — Never but once. I got a .shipment of honey at one time; I bought enough to finish making a car- load of comb honey; and sent it East for fancy trade. After a while I got word that the honey was the finest they had received for years and they wanted another carload. Before I got that second carload ready, I got notice not to ship — to wait. There was one lot in. that first carload that had a flavor of smoke; and it had been re- turned by the consumers; they stated they could not handle it, and that if the next carload had some of that smoke flavored honey — they did not want it. This man had smoked his bees down with tobacco smoke; I in- vestigated and found that it had flavored the honey. In smoking our bees, t never noticed that it affected the taste of the honey; I don't believe in using much smoke; it is not necessary. Mr. Stone — What kind of a box do you have on your wheel barrow? Mr. France — A common hive body. L. C. Dadant — Tour reason and method are different from ours; our honey is all of it taken off when the honey flow is over; I can remember but one or two years when we were able to extract during the honey flow. Father probably remembers more than that. I had one experience— the first year I was in business with father; we shipped a barrel of honey to a man in the east and he shipped it back, stating that it tasted of smoke. We had ex- tracted with the use of smoke that year, but I think it came from the un- capping can; honej'' will taste more of smoke there than anywhere else. Mr. Baxter — I extracted here last August and put the supers back as fast as I extracted. L. C. Dadant — But you had the honey flow! Mr. Baxter — In my home apiary 1 am twenty-five feet from the public road, where people are traveling' con- stantly, and I extract at the end of the season, and brush the bees off; I never had any complaint from any- body toeing stung yet. I extracted two apiaries this fall, not over three or four weeks ago, and not a bit of robbing; I don't give them a chance; I can take supers off in five minutes. While I cah take them oft' pretty fast myseif; most of my helpers are rather slow. I never tried the bee-escape, but I am going to try it, ■ • 44 TWELFTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE Mr. Vaughn — I tried putting combs ttack on one hive myself and they all got in bad humor and the robbers had a start and they had a battle on hand every morning. When the honey is taken off this way in the fall, by the bee-escape, how do you manage to get the comlbs cleaned up and in shape to keep over winter ? L. C. Dadant — Just put them on the hive, in the evening, and they will clean them up so that you won't know them from new comibs. Mr. Vaughn — I put this on in the evening, but probably a little bit too early. ^-^ Mr. Baxter — I put them ok Jtt four o'clock; I cannot afford to wait until •dark. If you see a tendency to robtoing, pick up a little grass and put it in front of the entrance, it prevents robbers from coming in, and the others will push their way out. It all depends on the man; you have to use judgment; that is all there is to it. Mr. Coppin — I consider that any bee- T\eeper who is putting honey out with- out the use of the bee-escape is a little iDehind the times. I can do it without using the bee-escape, but I don't want to. With regard to the queen excluder — T don't think we need to use that in producing comb honey. Any man who 1-5 using a queen excluder while he is producing comb honey is behind the times. I find there is no difficulty with the ■queen coYning up in the supers provided we use a full sheet of foundation In our sections. The only thing that makes a queen come up in a comb honey super is where they use a starter in the section and a full Pheet probably in the brood chamiber; the bees, being kept without drones, will build drone comb up in the supers, and the queen will go up there; outside of that we don't get any brood up in the comb honey supers, not in one case out •of a hundred; that is my experience. Mr. Baxter — I think the other way; the man who raises comb honey wants a queen excluder; the one who raises extracted, does not care. I should "hate to have a batch of comb honey spoiled by having brood in. I don't care for it in extracted honey. Pres. Dadant — Although Mf. Cloppin qualifies his statement a little strongly by saying thstt any bee-keeper who is putting honey in the market, without the use of a bee-escape, is a little behind the times — I must acknowledge Mr. Coppin knows how to raise comb honey. I passed upon his exhibits of comb honey at the State Fair. Mr. Coppin can raise nice honey. M]r. Stone — I have had more ac- quaintance with pollen in the section cases (put on for comb honey) than ever I had in the brood frames put on for extracted honey with the queen excluder. Mr. Vaughn — If you have starters, the queen likely goes up there to find the drone comb, but where you have full sheets and plenty of room to lay below, they don't seek the super's so much as where you use starters and have drone comb. Mir. Coppin — ^^They will put pollen sometimes in the sections, without a queen excluder. I use full sheets of foundation. There is no need of a queen excluder as I see unless to keep the pollen out; sometimes there seems to be a surplus of pollen. Mr. Moore — I have had some experi- ence in that line; there is a difference in hives; I have used many of the Danzenbaker hives; I found that to produce comb honey with the Danzen- baker hive, I had to use a queen ex- cluder. I had a number of cases be- fore I found out that the queen was going up and spoiling nearly the whole center super of comb honey — using full sheets of foundation, she went up there and laid and they raised brood in there and I had a job too, to get the bees out in the fall. Pres. Dadant — How many frames to the lower story? Mr. Moore — Ten frames, but shallow Danzenbaker. While the Danzenbaker is a igoodhive, if you have plenty of time to work it — to take a good quality of honey out, it takes too much time. The Danzen- baker hive I used for the extracting super. The only way to take off sec- tion honey I think is to use the bee- escape. It is a great help in taking off extracted honey. It depends alto- gether on the season and the honey flow. If you take off extracted' honey when there is a light flow on, it is all right, but if the honey flow is over, it certainly is more comfortable to use the bee-escape. Mr. Duby — I think there is somethingr ILLINOIS STATE BEE-KEEPERS' ASSOCIATION 45. wrong either with the man or the bees, for down our way the queen never goes up in the super and during the honey flow we never use a bee- escape. We have a market for comb honey and don't run lor extracted. During the honey flow we never use a bee-escape. We take off the super, put the cover in place and put the super on top of the cover, and the bees are not cross and we work with- out a veil or smoke; as a rule nearly every bee is down in the hive below. I would not do that during a dearth. We have taken thirty or forty supers at a time, put every super on top and in the morning every super was nearly cleared of bees. Mr. Stone — Mr. Duby has stolen my process. I put my supers in a box, as many as you want to, and then put a cover on that, with holes with escapes in them, and the bees are all out the next morning, unless there is a queen in there; then the bees won't leave. Mr. Duby— We did that this fall. Mr. Baxter — I acknowledge I am be- hind the times so far as that part of the business is concerned. I believe in bee-escapes, and I am going to use them. Of course it depends upon cir- cumstances when they should be used. I believe it is a saving of time and requires less help, even if you have to go the day before to the out apiary to put on the bee-escapes; in the end you save time and money by put- ting them on if you are sure you are going to extract the following day or the day after, provided the weather remains in condition to handle the honey. Late in the fall I would not advocate it. Question — Is it the presence of the pollen above that causes the queen to go there, or the queen above that in- duces the pollen there? Pres. Dadant — I will p.sk Mr. Stone to .answer .that. question. Mr. Stone — Mr. Coppin brought that idea up; he said that sometimes the bees put the pollen up in the upper part, and I never thought they did unless there was a queen there. Pres. Dadant — If Illinois people can- not answer that, maybe a Michigan man can. Which one causes the other? The queen would cause the pollen to be brought up if she was up there, would she net.? Mr. Tyrrell — Gertainly if .tiie queen was up there; but— wh^her ' there would ever be pollen without the queen, is another question. I think any one will agree that if the queen goes in to the sections, the bees will bring pollen in there to take care of the brood. Pres. Dadant — You don't believe that the queen cares whether there is pollen there or not? Mr. Tj-rrell — I would not say so. Mr. Duby — I have seen pollen in the supers and no larvae. Pres. Dadant — ^How much, though? Mr, Duby — Not much. Mr. Moore — That is the thing I was- going to remark. Mr. Coppin — ^I find the queen in the supers once in a while and no brood there either. She seems to go to take a survey around. Pres. Dadant — Don't you think that she is looking for drone cells? Mr. Coppin — I think so. Mr. Vaughn — When I was producing comb honey last year, there was a little pollen put into the sections. At that time the queen was crowding the brood chamber with her egg laying and the bees gathering much pollen wanted some place to store it; it was put in the sections. I don't think the queen going up there would draw it there. Question — How do you manage to extract when the weather gets cold before you have done extracting? Mr. Gray — Warm it up after taking it off. Mr. Baxter — I started out five tirties to extract last fall; each time I got part way to the apiary and it got cold, and I went back home; so finally I went out there and took my supers off, brought them home, made a fire in the honey house and let them warm up, and then extracted. Mr. Stone — ^What if it did not warm up? Mr. Baxter — I put a fire in the stove and got the room up to 70 degrees heat. Mr. Stone — Mighty uncomfortable to work in there about that time. Br: Baxter — Oh, no. Mr. Vaughn — ^Wh«n the room is heated to that temperature, it takes some time for honey to cool off; you can raise the windows and ventilate. It only takes four or five hours to heat the room up with a coal stove. I got 46 TWELFTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE the temperature up to 80, and the honey had warmed up; at least it was warm enough; in cutting off the cappings the wax was too soft; the cells would bend, and I had to let it cool off. L. O. Dadant — We had an experience three years ago at an out-apiary. Dur- ing the night it turned cold. We took a little oil stove along in the morning; we fixed a box for the oil stove to set in, and put a super over the oil stove and let it stay on long enough to warm the honey, and then took it off f.nd extracted it. Question — Will putting extracting frames back on the hive after they have [ been extracted cause robbing? Mr. Moore — It depends altogether on circumstances they way they are put on, and the time, and whether there is a honey flow on. Mr. Vaughn — I think brother Dadant can answer that. Presi. Dadant — It will cause robbing if done at the wrong hour, when the crop is over. Mr. France — My son in California tried to follow some Wisconsin meth- ods; but he found that climatic con- ditions had all to do with it; in Cali- fornia they don't want their combs cleaned up: they say that combs that are already tainted with a little honey, the wax moths won't go in them. Mr. Kildow — They don't work that way in Illinois. I have had quite a number of combs destroyed that were sticky with honey; the moth destroj'ed a good many of those combs. Mr. Stone — The millers icould riot get on them; it would stick their wings. Mr. Kildow — This fall I set my ex- tracted supers outside the honey house, and let the bees have their own time — and they cleaned them up in a short ' time, but that it is not safe for every- body to do. I have a neighbor that used to do that way and he got in so much trouble he had to quit; now he has his colonies clean them up. By keeping the supers closed tight after they have been extracted, by spring they smell pretty strong of honey; you put them on the colonies and you have trouble right away. Pres. Dadant — Is it not a fact also that when the combs are sticky, the honey having very strong hygrometric properties, gathers moisture? This is true here in Illinois. Mr. Kildow — It will get candied and get strong and sour. Mr. t"rance — W'e always have them cleaned up. In California, where every- thing is entirely different — to keep the wax moth out they put them away not cleaned up. Mr. Baxter — I am very careful. Things have to be just so, and I thought I could not get along any way but to have my com/bs cleaned up, but as I grow older I do less work, and the last three or four years I have put combs away without cleaning up, and I can't see a particle of difference. They don't igive me a bit more trouble in the spring. I see no moisture ac- cumulated there. As far as honey that has been left there becoming- candied, I don't think it makes any difference, althoug'h candied honey put in with other honey will cause it to granulate rapidly. Mr. Kildow — I had reference to hiv- ing swarms on those combs. It is different if you want to put an ex- tracted super on. Mr. Stone — I had some- experience with putting away extracting frames that had not been cleaned up. I had a few left and it got cool. When I take my honey off this fall I shall take it to the cellar. We 'have a hot water furnace there, ancl I can extract any day; it is just exactly right temper- ature. Then all the frames I have ex- tracted, I tier up and when the bees can fly out I put them out and let them clean up; it don't induce robbing because they are not at work. I won't let them go without cleaning up until spring, or I would have the honey candied. L. C. Dadant — To put those supers away green and put them on in the .spring, with us that would cause a lot of robbing. If you can wait until your honey flow is on, it does not make any difference. Mr. Stone — I take advantage of a warm day. Mr. Baxter — I put supers on when there are apple blossoms. Mr. Vaughn — Where are the combs kept that are put away green before the bees clean them up — in the honey house? Mr. Baxter!— Yes. Mr. Vaughn — There is no fire there through the winter? ILLINOIS STATE BEE-KEEPERS' ASSOCIATION 47 Mr. Baxter — No, sometimes it is 25 or 30 below zero. Pres. Dadant — I heard that question discussed in Switzerland, and we could no more agree there than here. Some prefer to leave them sticky all winter; while others must have them cleaned up by the bees in the fall. Mr. Duby — You have been talking a great deal about extracting honey; I want to talk about comb; I ''have had a little experience in putting up un- finished sections; in the fall we have unfinished sections and do not know w-hat to do with them. W^hat I have generally done is to cut the honey to pieces and put it in glass Jars. If there was some way, or some means by which we could use those unfinished sections next spring, that would interest me. Has any one had any experience in this line? Pres. Dadant — Mr. Coppin can answer that question. Mr. Oopin — ^We alv/ays extract quite a number of them. Pres. Dadant — Tou mean run them through an extractor? Mr. Coppin — Yes, we extract quite a number; and we put some of them in the center of the super, ajid the next season the bees start more readily to work in the super; but at the same time we don't want to use very many of them because the honey does not look as good in old sections as in new ones, from new foundations, but I think it encourages the bees to start to work in the supers. Tf there is one row of sections with comb in, they will start there the first thing, and! we always use a number of them that way, but we see that it does not go on the market for sale, because it does not make so good an appearance. Question — Do not the bees strengthen the old combs by adding more wax and are they not thicker? Mr. Coppin — I never noticed that; the capings do not seem to be so white; the cappings always seem to be darker on the old than on the new. Of course I produce comb honey for the market and we want it as white as we can get it. Pres. Dadant — To what do you as- cribe the dark capping? Mr. Coppin — To the comib being a little darker frorrt'tiie year before. Pres. Dadant — They draw that comb out and use some of that wax in the capping ? Mr. Coppin — It must be that. They do not look as nice as the new comb. Mr. Moore — I have used lots of un- finished sections — the following sea- son, and the cappings are just as white as any comb, but the comb that has been saved over, exposed to the air and light, turns darker in color, and that color shows through the honey and cappings, so it does not make a good marketable comb, but I think they are worth the trouble of saving; they simply make bait combs. Among the unfinished sections, we find lots of sections with six or eight ounces of honey and sealed over. I have made it a practice to cut out that honey and put it in a can or glass jar, and run it full of extracted honey, and it sells at a good price. Sections that are half to two-thirds full and mostly capped over will use all right in that way. The sections that are only partly built out and not sealed, I put out in the fall and let the bees clean the honey out, and save those for bait combs next spring. Question — What is the trouble when the bees swarm and the queen cells do not hatch — is it foul brood? Pres. Dadant — Has any one had any experience in this? Has any one had queen coHs that do not hatch when the bees swarm?' Mr. Moore — I bave examined foul brood colonies this season that had swtirnned and had queen cells and I opened the queen cell and the larva was dead. Pres. Dadant — I believe this is the first case of that kind I have ever heard. Mr. Coppin — I have seen a number of cases where the larva has been dead in the queen cell, that came of foul brood. Mr. France — That would cause it; but unless it is the feed, I cannot account for it. At the flush of honey flow dis- eased colonies start some queen cells on drawn comb and 99' per cent of them will prove to be dead. Mr. Kildow — I found this summer, in fact the last two or three years, if the colony was diseased, a good many of thi'So aueen cells would not hatch. Then again I found, where there didn't seem to be any disease in the hive at all, 48 TWELFTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE and the cells would not hatch; whether it w&s because they started on too old larvae, or drone larvae, I do not know; it don't always mean disease when the queen cell don't hatch. Pres. Dadant — Mr. Tyrrell — Have you had any experience. Mr. Tyrrell — No more than just as Mr. France has mentioned — and Foul Brood. I have seen them where larvae were dead in queen cells from foul brood. Mr. Gray — We have had a good deal of bother this summer about the queen being dead, and I laid that to dis- ease. Question — What is the best method of packing for out-of-door wintering? Mr. Riggs and I lost heavily, in single Mr. Riggs and I lost heavily, in single wall hives, although they were packed with outside casing and four inches of straw; Mr. Riggs put on some kind of sacking, and I myself had some kind of absorbent stuff that came out of a meat car; I used that in the supers, and although I had the top raised a little, we lost heavily; and one man who had double wall hives, out of thirteen colonies lost but one — so that recommends that hive. I don't know the name of the firm who makes these hives, but it speaks well for the double wall hive. That is the kind of hive I think I would like myself for out of door wintering. Pres. Dadant — In those hives where you suffered the heavy losses, although well packed, did they have any chance to fly on warm days? Mr. Vaughn — They didn't have a very good chance. Pres. Dadant — Not so well as the others ? Mr. Vaughn — Well, there is only about ten miles difference in location. Pres. Dadant — Was the packing so thick that the warnnth of the atmos- phere didn't reach them in warm days? Mr. Vaughn^ — I judge the packing was too thick. Pres. Dadant — And in the other case, where they wintered well, did they not have an oportunity to take flight on a warm day? Mr. Vaughn — I am not able to say, but the hive I judge is not so thick of packing as the ones we had. Mr. Mioore — That Woodman hive has no packing, as I understand it^ust an air space, double wall. Mr. Baxter — I have had chaff hives with three inches of chaff between outer and inner walls. I have had double wall hives with dead air space of one inch between inner and outer wall. I have had hiv«s with double wall, one- half inch dead air space between walls, and hives of one inch single wall, the last thirty years; the chaff hive winter the best of all and come out the brightest and strongest, and use less honey. I can see very little difference between the other two hives with one inch and one-half inch dead air space. I have been successful in wintering in all four of these hives by packing leaves on the outside of single wall hives, put lattice work around and fill it up with leaves, besides the in- side packing. It is very easy in the spring, to see the difference between the chaff hives and single walled hives — in the way they winter, and in the amount of honey they consume. Mr. Gray — I use the Langstroth hive. Mr. Baxter — The Langstroth hive is too shallow for wintering. I use a cushion made out of sawdust. Mr. Tyrrell — I used to think I knew how to get bees through the winter; I am beginning to think I don't know anything about it. I see just as many different ways of wintering as there are bee-keepers; some of them are a suc- cess and some a failure — there is a reason, of course; different things have a bearing on these different methods, but I have been very much impressed with the methods used in Canada of packing bees in winter. It was my good fortune last winter to visit two Conventions in Canada — bee-keepers' conventions, and at one Convention I stayed' over night, a short distance from London; they have as cool weather as we do here, and at the place where I stayed, his method of preparing his bees for winter struck me as being exceptionally good. I find that bee-keepers in Canada are going quite a little from cellar to out ■door packing for winter. The bees during the summer are all kept in single wall hives; they have four colony packing cases; then the four colonies, at the beginning of winter, are moved close together; two of them coming together and the other two right close to them, facing op- ILLINOIS STATE BEE-KEEPERS' ASSOCIATION 49 posite; two hives, for instance, facing East, and two facing West; it does not make any difference whether it is Easit, W€st, North or South; they put these four hives tight together, a.nd make the packing case big enough to go round the four. Take the cover off the hives; lay sticks across the frames and then cover with a piece of burlap; the packing case is high enough so they have a chance for quite good heavy packing over the four, and then the cover Is placed on top of the whole business: the cover is not allowed to touch tha packing. The cluster in each hive forms in the warmest corner; so that the four clusters are formed inside the four comers nearest to each other and make one big cluster of bees. This may have something to do with what we were talking about — the honey being in one side. Bees are naturally where honey is. ^ Those bee-keepers were bringing their bees through the winter with that method, successfully. I understand that R. Holtermann, who had a one thousand dollar bee cellar, has abandoned the cellar for thi-s outdoor method of packing. Mr. Baxter — There is one thing about wintering bees to be observed, the frames ought to be deep. Bees will winter a great deal better in deep framesi than in a shallow frame. I think that is one great point, in wintering bees successfully. I don't believe, the conditions being right, that there has been any time that the weather has been cold enough in this latitude to kill the bees. I believ" that bees, here, under proper condi- tions, can stand 4'0 degrees below zero and come through all right. It is the question of cold weather in combina- tion with other considerations. This four colony wintering case is not a new thing; it has been tried in the East, and has been abandoned; it Is a great deal of work. It will prob- ably be better, and easier, to take them to the cellar. I want to know how to winter bees right on the summer stand so I won't have to imove them. I want to bring the most returns for the least work. Mr. Tyrrell — Probably the plan of the New York bee-keeper will suit this brother — this New York bee-keeper said he left his bees stand out in a single wall hive with no bottom to IL —4 I believed he used the Langstroth frame; then he crowded the leaves he used for packing in the super as full as he could crowd them, so that he had to press the cover to get it on — and then weighted it down, and left them — and he succeeded in getting through the winter. He had no bottom board. It seems to ime that that would be the best way to fix them, so that he would have no bees next spring, but he met with suc- cess. Pres. Dadant — I have seen half a dozen colonies in box hives winter all right W'ithout bottom^ board by men who did not take care of them; they win- tered them successfully. It was the extra ventilation they got that saved them., I believe, but I would hate to try it, if they were weak. Mr. Stone — When I was first begin- ning with bees, I was told by an uncle who had a good many swarms of bees, taht if I managed in some way to have something sharp to rest the hives on, it would be a good plan. I drove posts in the ground and nailed two pieces one by six fencing, and sharpened the upper edges, and wintered several hives that way without any bottom, and they Wintered as well as they do now. After I got more hives, I wanted to go into a better way of keeping them, and began to keep them in the cellar. Some man would write "You must not have any moisture in the cel- lar." And the cellar bottom would get moist enough so that there • would be a little water standing there — and I never had any better success than .1 did the winters when there was water in the cellar. Then again I have had them winter very well when it was drj- in there; and in later years I began to find out that they wintered as well outside. I would most always lose two or three in the cellar, from dysentery — ■ and that never occurred when I win- tered outside; then I began to winter outside altogether. Hereafter I alway^s had good luck, but last year my loss was about eighty per cent. Question — How much air does it re- quire to winter bees in the cellar? Mr. Tyrrell — Mr. C. F. Smith, of She- boygan, Michigan, has one of those cel- lars that Mr. Stone mentioned, having water in the bottom. Mr. Smith claims he had some trouble with mouldy combs, until one winter, accidentally, one cover was left 50 TWELFTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE pretty nearly is a space be- have wintered off, and that swarm with all the rest came out in fine condition. Since that time he winters all of his bees in the cellar with simply a piece of burlap for cover. Mr. Baxter — Upward ventilation — that is the secret of success — some- thing- to absorb the moisture and carry it away. Mr. Stone — Top off out doors would not do. Mr. Baxter — I would modify that. Mr. Kildow — I have no trouble with mouldy combs in my cellar, but I use a piece of burlap or carpet, so that the ventilation is good, and there is not too much of it, either. Mr. France — Do you set your next hive on top of that as you tier them up in the cellar? Mr. Kildow — Yes. Mr. France — That makes a cover. Mr. Kildow — There tween each one. Pres. Dadant — We bees in the cellar without any bottom or top, just oil cloth or burlap over the frames and two blocks on the end between that and the next hive, and wa have had queenlessi colonies move up in the winter to the -hive above. Question — Did you ever see bees working on Spanish needle? Mr. Kildow — No, I never did. Mr. King — A few years ago I noticed a low place where there were a few Spanish needles, and the bees were working- on that pretty rapidly. Out- side of that I never saw them work- ing anywhere else. Pres. Dadant — We have harvested thousands of pounds of S^panish needle honej-, and have seen them working- on it often. Mr. E. I. Root wrote to me lately to ask a question, and investigation brought me to the conclusion that what we call the Spanisih needle is not the true Spanish needle. There are two or three different kinds of plants that have needles — some two — some three — and some four. Late in the season I went around to see them in bloom; I knew W'here tliere were some that had yielded honey. They grew up to eigh- teen inches high. They are not the true Spanish needle, but they are a variety cf the bidens. The true bidens cipinnata is the kind that blooms M^ith- out any yellow corolla, that kind does not give honey. If that is what is meant by the person asking the ques- tion— the Spanish needle does not yield honey. But the yellow blooming kind that we call Spanish needle does yield honey, We can smell its odor in the honey, and have seen the bees on the plant. They work on it in the forenoon. Mr. Kildow — ^I have wondered for a good many years about this Spanish needle honey. I have heard it talked about. Ours has two prongs. Some of it only grows one foot high, and some of it six feet high. I never yet saw the bees work- ing on that. In the South it looks like a different variety; the leaves are more ragged and of a lig-hter color. I do not know what the 'blossom looks like — ^but up in my section of the country I have yet to see a bee working on it. We don't get any of that kind of honey. It has a bright yellow blossom, and the needles stick to you. Mr. Stone — We exhibitors at the fair know where that question originated. We had it up at the State Fair. There was a middle-aged man came up and put that question to us. We were talk- ing about Spanish needle honey being the only honey we had in this neigh- borhood this year. He said to us — • "Is there such a thing?" We said — "Of course there is." After all our controversy he said that for twelve years he had been working for one of the colleges, with his baskets and nets, trying to catch ibees and insects of all kinds that worked on flowers^ — that he had tried from early dawn to late at night, and never yet had succeeded in catching a bee on a Spanish needle. Then I asked Mr. Dadant if he had ever seen the bees working on Spanish needles, and Mr. Kildow and others that were there, and there were only one or two who said they had se^en that — I never had. I have watched to see whether the ibees ever worked on the Spanish needles; have seen all kinds of insect.^? on the Spanish needle, but I have never found a honey bee on it. Mr. Becker — That college man must have been like one they sent down in our neighborhood to inspect nurseries. I had an apple tree that was badly af- fected with scale and he could not tell me the kind of scale it was. Mr. Coppln — T have seen one bee on ILLINOIS STATE BEE-KEEPERS' ASSOCIATION 51 Spanish needle in probably the ladt thirty years. Mr. Stone — May be it made a mis- take. Mr. Coppin — I have looked several times and have, also, only seen one on alfalfa. Mr. Vaughn — I think that the differ- ence of opinion is, as Mr. Dadant has said, there are three or four different kinds of Spanish needles. Mr. Seastream, of Pawnee, a man very well educated in bee culture, be- cause he has kept bees ever since his boyhood days — I think last fall a year ago harvested something over fifteen hundred pounds of the Spanish needle, and I saw the bees working on this Spanish needle; it was a bright yellow flower; when the sun was shining, it almost hurt the eyes to look upon it. There were floods of it there, in swampy land, along in the creek bottoms, and the fcees worked good upon that. There is a good deal of Spanish needle around my home that does not produce yellow flowers at all. I never saw any bees on that; that has the needles on. I am not certain whether this yellow flower has needles, but it was called Spanish needle there. Mr. Baxter — I harvested ten thou- sand pounds of Spanish needle hOney and I have seen the bees working on it. The Spanish needle grows two or three feet high. Pres. Dadant — ^Have you examined those that grow two or three feet high? They have only two prongs on them. Mr. Baxter — We also have the other kind at hom.e; it is a plant that hardly ever grows more than eighteen inches and from that on down. I would not say how many prongs the needle has, though. In our locality they are rare — • not many of them. Mr. Sherrell — I believe a person might be mistaken in the prongs. I have noticed Spanish needles, and ther^ are two prongs on one kind very close together, and on the other side there is one prong. A person, just to look at them off that way (indicating), would think there were two prongs. As far as seeing bees on Spanish needles — I never did. I was working last fall, as Mr. Roberts knows, out west of town and there was a field that was covered with Spanish needles. I spoke to him at the time about bees working on Spanish needles; there were plenty of them there, but no bees working on them. It was in a field that had been worked at one time, but had grown up in weeds; it was damp and on a low riece of ground. Mr. Vaughn — Mr. Riggs, a bee- keeper near me, said that there has only been one year in his location in twelve, that the bees have worked on this Spanish needle, and that was only two days, I think he said that was Sep- tember 25 th and 26 th. Pres. Dadant — I would like to hear from L. C. Dadant. L. C. Dadant— I can say that this year they made very little if any honey from Spanish needle. Our honey does not have Spanish needle flavor, but there is no doubt that they work on Spanish needle; take it where thero are only a few flowers, here and there — the bees don't go there, but where there is a big field of them, that is where you see the bees on them. When they come in the hives they are yellow and if you open the supers you can tell that is Spanish needle honey; you can smell it in there. Pres. Dadant — We might as weil deny that there is basswood honey. Mr. Baxter — Within the last five or six years the Spanish needle has yielded very little or nothing, and this fall, only a few days; that dry, warm wave we had cut it short. Last fall in my apiary I was sur- prised in finding two or three hives that had Spanish needle — everything smelled of the Spanish needle; the comb yellow. Only a few hives had it; in others there was no trace of it. Up to five years ago I used to con- sider the Spanish needle crop the surest crop we had. Member — I move we adjourn until half past seven o'clock this evening. Motion seconded and carried. Meeting convened at seven-thirty o'clock and was called to order by the President. L. C. Dadant — ^Wby can't we take up the question of the National this evening? Mr. France wants to go away at eleven o'clock tomorrow and I want to go at five in the morning. Mr. Tyrrell — I have been riding all Isat night and practically all today, to get here; I am tired. I do not feel in just the frame of mind or condition 52 TWELFTH ANNUAL. REPORT OF THE to take up a question of so much im- portance. I feel that the question of the Na- tional Organization, what it is doing, what it is trying to do — the work in this State — what your Association Is accomplishing — the part you play \ri the National — is of such importance, that it ought to have my attention at a time when I am not felling tired, so that I can take it up in every detail, and go into it thoroughly. If this was just a sort of informal discussion — it would be different, but the reporter is taking down every word that is said, and this goes to all the members of this Association, and I feel that what is said here, going to those people, must be put in such a way that there is no possible chance of misunderstand- ing; and you will agree with me that there is at the present time a mis- understanding of the plans of the Na ■ tional Associaton as conforming Avith the works of the State Association, a,nd these things will be as simple as A, B, C to you when we have had time to go into them thoroughly, and can discuss this matter carefully. The problem is a big one, and it affects every bee-keeper. I have not written a speech; I must talk to you off-hand as the matter occurs to me here, and I have not the thing in shape, so that I feel that I can do justice to it; at the same time, it is up to you, and if you feel that ii is the thing to be discussed at this time, I will do the best I can. L. C. Dadant — I am perfectly willing to let it go over. I mentioned that be- cause I thought I would like to hear the discussion. Pres. Dadant — What is the wish of the Convention? Mr. Stone — I don't believe that thi.? Association wants to enter into a thing as lengthy as that and digest it tonight. Mr. Tyrrell — I do not wish to convey the impression that I expect to hold the floor for two or three hours to- morrow. My talk will not be long, but covering all the points and making them perfectly clear to you will take some time. Mr. Moore — Why can't we have the election tonight? Pres. Dadant — What is your wish, gentlemen? Mr. Kildow — I think that we prob- ably have as many here tonight as we will have tomorrow. Pres. Dadant — If my ideas are fol- lowed, we will adjourn some time after noon, tomorrow. What do you wish? I am ready to do your bidding. Make a motion of some kind. Mr. Tyrrell — If you feel it is for the best interest of your Convention that this question of the National be taken up tonight — if you are ready for it, I will forget my tiredness; I am not holding back here. Pres. Dadant — Personally, I am anxious to give satisfaction to Mf. Tyrrell. But I am a little afraid that we will get crowded tomorrow. Mr. Stone — Mr. President, whenever any letter comes or anything that is exciting, in our house, if I get it in the evening I don't open it until morn- ing; I like to have pleasant thoughts, and not go to bed with any disturbing thought; if we arouse any sentiment or feeling tonight, it is apt to keep us awake. L. C. Dadant — Have we not a few parties we have not heard from? I think probably Mr. France has some remarks to make. Mr. France — Well, if you are going to take up the subject of the National this evening, don't take up something els?, but I don't- believe there is anybody here, except brother Dadant, but who will be here tomorrow forenoon, and I am heartily in sympathy with getting together in the morning at a good seasonable hour, after we have had a rest, and take up the question of the National Association candidly together Pres. Dadant — What is your sug- gestion for this evening? Mr. France, will you let us' hear from you? Mr. France — , Cement Hive Stands. I believe I was first to make and use cement hive stands, and am still using the same. The material costs twelve cents per stand. These stands are two inches thick — the same width as the hive bottom boards and four inches longer. I use a level across the stand W'hen placing it, but prefer to have the stand a little higher at the back. Well made, such stands will remain as placed and last for years One part cement to five of fine gravel or coarse sand, well 'mixed dry. Then ILLINOIS STATE BEE-KEEPERS' ASSOCIATION 53 when water is added it is placed in board molds to set. Cement Hive Covers. At one of our National Conventions a memiber asked me to make cement hive covers. Making them three-quar- ters of an inch thick at*the eaves and one and one-quarter in the center, thus making the top side sloping. I have made some. It is true, they won't blow off, nor leak. No ants will live under them. The objections, however, are to be considered, namely: — Mo^t of the year they are cold and heavy. They must be handled carefully to avoid breaking, and in hot summer weather, they are very hot, so as to en- danger melting the combs and driving the bes out for air. Possibly if the cement covers were painted white, it might avoid the excess heat. I do not like them. Hives in Pairs. I have tried different ways of plac- ing hives in the apiary for convenience. I like rows of hives set in pairs, the next row alternating. The hive beside the one I have open furnishes a nice stand for tools. Use Salt Around the Hive Stands. If a handful of salt iS' placed in front of each hive entrance, it will kill the grass, leaving nice bare ground for the bees to get in and out much easier; also good chance to catch clipped queens when swarming. In the brood rearing season, salt should be put in some water where the bees can get it. If you put a handful to a gallon of water in a shallow wooden dish set in the sunshine in the apiary, you will be surprised to see how the bees will take it. I have been so impressed with the value of salt, especially during the brood rearing season, that I have placed salt in one tank with water; the other tank by the side of it has fresh water, and I confess that there are a.^ many bees after the salt water as there are after the other. I put just enough salt in the water to make it taste a little salty. Hive Lifters. A Wisconsin bee-keeper invented a practical hive lifter, where one per- son working alone in the apiary can save much heavy lifting. It is simply a small hoisting derrick, wjth pulley blocks of three wheels in each. The standard is common gas pipe, with cross arm having a track on under side for the upper pulley to run back and forth as desired. A camp chair form hooked to pulley, is lowered down over the upper hive body, allow- ing the form to close up around the hive and by pulling lightly on the pulley rope, using the hive pry and smoker with the other hand at the same time, the hive body with ten full combs of honey is easily raised and swung to one side or lowered on a wheelbarrow. Use a Wheelbarrow. We think it almost a necessity, sav- ing heavy handling of extracted combs of honey, to use a wheelbarrow. Some have the apiary along side of a track and use a car. We use two wheelbarrows in the same apiary, thus saving time and work, by exchanging the heavy loaded wheelbarrow for one supplied with empty combs. We also want the dash at right angles with bottom of wheelbarrow so that the upper hive bodies will not be slipping forward while wheeling. At one of our out apiaries this ex- changing is done by placing the full supers from wheelbarrow on to track slanting down to uncapping box inside bee-house, and when same super is refilled with empty combs, it is re- turned on adjoining track slanting outward. This saves time and outside help is not in the way in extracting room. Have a Comb Rack. If possible, have the joists of your beehouse just far enough apart so that with narrow' strips nailed to lower side of each joist, your combs will hang between the joists the same as in the hives. The combs are up out of the way and safe from mice. If placed two inches apart, it is very seldom ai^y wax moths will bother such combs, unless they are old, with pollen in them, and are hung in the dark. Where your joists are not proper distance apart, then make racks against the inside wall of your comb room. In such a rack we keep over winter full super combs for spring feeders. 54 TWELFTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE Moth Balls Protect Surplus Combs. "Where surplus combs are stored in hive bodies stacked one above another, we use paper between each super and on each set of combs place two common moth balls. If no wax moth eggs or young moths are among the combs when so stacked up, it is doubt- ful if wax millers will enter. Moth balls at any drug store are cheap and are worth trying. Save Wormy Combs. Place all combs with any age of wax moths in them into hive supers, plac- ing about eight in a ten frame super. Stack up the supers of such wormy combs', and in empty super on top place a tea saucer with a little carbon bisulphide. Place carpet over top and let the carbon evaporate, forming a heavy poison gas, which goes down between the combs and kills all wax moths or other living thing. We kill woodchucks in their bur- rows by placing some of the carbon^ soaked into cloth down in the burro\ CAUTION: This carbon is plosive, so keep all kinds of fire a/(vay and it is perfectly safe. Alarm on the Weighing Scaled Any scales using balance bearn will do. Place a short iron pin so thstt the end rests against the lower side oi the balance beam when the beam is dra The instant the weight is such a^^o start the beam up, it lets this iron pi^ fail, striking any form of alarm yc wish to use. This sample (illustrating) isi a bent wire, with a bicycle bell as an alarm. It will tell to a fraction of an ounce any weight tlte scales are set to — a one-half ounce' tumbler or a sixty pound can — it makes no difference. Strain Honey with Gravity Strainers. We now avoid handling the honey ■between the time it is extracted and placed in shipping packages. Attached to the faucet of the ex- tractor is a short tin spout conducting the honey to the gravity strainer under the extractor, and under this strainer is the storage tank of a few tons capacity, so that as fast as the honey is extracted it runs into the gravity strainer, and on down into the storage tank, without anj- person handling or lifting it. As the storage tank holds several ton, we can at leisure go below and till five gallon cans for market of well ripened and much clearer honey than by anj^ other way I know of. To Keep Honey Liquid a Long Time. First of all — nev'er extract honey ■ from combs until it is capped over by the bees. Unripe honey, or that extracted be- for it was sealed, has done more to keep prices down and prevent a de- mand for honey, than any overstock. The majority of kinds of honey will granulate when cold weather comes, so as soon as extracted, and before granulation has started, if the cans of honey are heated to one hundred and thirty degrees for a few moments, and sealed while hot, it is doubtful if it will granulate all that winter, even if set out in a, woodshed after being sealed. Avoid over-heating or too long heat- ing, as that will spoil the flavor. Queen Excluders. We have tried several hundred ex- cluders, of many kinds, and much pre- fer the ten frame wood and wire ex- cluder. It lets the bees' through better, yet keeps the queen below. It can be used to find queens when in a hurry, by shaking the bees from the combs with queen, 'on top of empty super with excluder below, as the bees will all run into the super below, leaving her alone above. Bee Hives Where the Sun Shines on Them. Bees in hives where the sun shines on them will winter better, will build up faster in the spring, will get out much earlier mornings, and will not be as cross in handling. Possibly shade boards may be needed in extremely hot days, ff hives are well painted with white lead, the sunshine will not hurt any hive of bees. Selling our Honey. Keep a list of your patrons and have a follow-up system; you can supply your customers year after j'ear in this way, and j'Ou will not be able to pro- duce enough honey to supply the market. Notify your customers that you have a crop of honey ready for market — ILLINOIS STATE BEE-KEEPERS' ASSOCIATION 55 be careful in grading; and label every package as to kind and weight. Inside of three years, using this plan, you will have to buy honey be- cause you will not be able to produce what your market will demand. Cash customers and their neighbors will take more honey than j^ou can produce. Uncapping Machines. I have used four of the best made machines for uncapping sealed honey combs, and although Mr. Ferguson's machine does good work, all machines must have an uncapping knife handy by to finish the low spots and corners. I therefore much prefer to have one steam heated uncapping knife, which is faster, does better work, and is prac- tical for a small bee-keeper as well as for an extensive one. Four years ago, one man at the honey extracting kept three of us busy uncapping; now any one of the three can have time to spare and keep the machine hustling, so why, for this little difference in cost, not have an uncap- ping knife steam heated? Two of your men can have time to do some- thing else. With a small, single wick oil stove, a gallon honey can, with a tin spout to connect the rubber from the knife to the can, and all is ready for work. About five cents per day for oil will keep such a knife ready to do as much uncapping as three knives without the steam heat. In our home apiary, where we ex- tract four thousand five hundred pounds in a day, one person now does all uncapping and has spare time be- sides. As to the cost of the steam knife, at five dollars it is cheaper than any of the uncapping machines. I think any person with twenty-five swarms run for extracted honey will find it a good investment. I am no dealer, nor am I interested in the sale of any supplies, and if my talk has reminded you of conveniences you should use, all is well. Pres. Dadant — I don't believe there is any one here to whom this lecture is not worth more than twice what it ■costs to come here. Some five or six years ago an Italian •doctor sent me two knives by parcel post, from Europe. His knives were both electric and steam; the trouble with the steam knife was, that the knife was so hot at times it was difficult to handle. The steam fed at the handle — so did the electricity. The electricity was in- sulated, and it was all right. He had a short tube and kept his stove right by him. These two difficulties were entirely remedied by the American method. A European invented the knife and the Americans made it practical. This last year, in an Italian Bee Journal there was a complaint made by that doctor concerning the Ameri- cans stealing the Italian inventions. I said, it was true, they had invented something and the Americans made it practical. They are still selling knives with the steam running through the handle. It is difficult for the farmers to get electricity, so that the electric knives are not so practical as the steam, and the batteries get out of order. Mr. France — The cost of oil was eight cents a day and it took the place of two men, so when you pay five dollars for an uncapping machine, it pays. My son found that the electric worked just as well, and you have not quite so much weight on the handle. He also used an electric wheel by which all the wires imbedded in full sheets of comb foundation at once; it was practical, but, as your president says, the batteries are easily gotten out of order, and for running out yards, I question its practicability. Mr. Baxter — Edison has invented a storage battery that is going to revo- lutionize everything. Pres. Dadant — Is there anybody here who can give us as good a lecture as did Mr. France? I sometimes wonder if Mr. France came from France or if his ancestors did; I would feel very proud of him. Mr. France — By the way, I found in Inspecting bees in Wisconsin (and I may be partial to the Germans because my grandparents were German) that Wisconsin has many eminent men, bee-keepers, who are. Germans. I had my annual report printed in English, the children of the German bee-keep- ers could read English, but many of the parents could not. I went to the Governor .and said — "I want to do one thing with -the re- maining few dollars of our appropria- tion. Can I have printed some German 56 TWELFTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE copies of the treatise of bee dis- eases and distribute them among the German bee-keepers?" and by his per- mission I got some of them printed. If there is any one tiling that has given satisfaction to me this year, it was the distribution of nearly two thousand copies in German (and as near as I can learn, it was the only one that has been issued on bee dis- eases in German). Mr. Tyrrell — If there is nothing of more importance — I would like to ask some questions of Mr. France in ref- erence to the honey selling proposition. His recommendation to farmers to keep a list of his customers and "fol- low-up" system is excellent. I would like to ask some questions as to just how he advises honey to be put up — the prices to be put on it, and what method of advertising he find.'S the best. Mr. France — Let me use an illustra- tion: One man in our state had four hun- dred colonies of bees; he could pro- duce as fancy an article as one could ask for, Alsike, White Clover, and Basswood, and the crop was certainly No. 1, but to sell it puzzled him. I was called in the neighborhood to inspect bees, and hearing of this ex- tensive bee-keeper, I made it a point to stay there over night. Being a German, his children and his wife all spoke German, and for- getting that they had a German - Yankee with them, much, of their talk was in German, and among other things I learned, as they brought in the mail, there was an order for quite a quantity of comb honey. His frau immediately went to the secretary and took down a book, and in alphabetical order she turned to the letter and she found that name. She had a record of that same pKarty having written them for honey, and they had made them a small shipment and never received any pay for it — so they were not going to ship there again. There was a bee-keeper in the same city and on the same street to whom they had sold honey repeatedly and had received cash by return mail, and he inquired through that party about this other one, and he got further evi- dence that he wanted no more dealings with this party. Now he hag a list running back as long as he has been selling honej-, and he has credits against different par- ties; by the way, some here in this- room are on his list. When he hears of parties who are responsible he gets their name on his list of "responsibles." He has what he calls a black list and a good list. You take our department stores — how quickly they will issue new cata- logues when new things are out. He follows the same system wheix the season is about through, and he knows about how much honey he has. He is a reader of our Bee-Keepers' Journals; he knows the market and! what the goods ought to bring, and he puts a price on the goods and sends, out a little notice to his old customers,, and through them, their neighbors buy until now his four hundred colonies of bees do not furnish him one-fourth of what he sells. The most difficult feature is to get good honey that he can send to his customers. When I have sold out, it is hard to buy so that I can duplicate or follow- up my orders. Where is the trouble? Do not the bees work as well for one man as for another? I can't believe it is all in the pasture- that makes the difference. A man who worked for me some years, keeps bees between two of my out-yards, so that I know the pasture is not different from my own, and it bothers that man the worst way to get rid of honey from forty colonies. I buy his honey — but I have to inspect it first. And it is produced right in between my apiaries. Last year the crop I got from him,, all but two cans went to a baker. We must have ripe honey, and I am glad that Mr. Burnett, of Chicago, has come out strong on that poinj.. Much of the poor honey is unripe; it is taken before it is ready. I have been emphasizing that one thing. It may be considered boasting, but I am safe in saying that honey from Wisconsin today is away ahead of what it was; for sixteen years I have been pounding on that one thing; —ripe honey. Mr. Tyrrell — ^Was that honey for the retail trade? Mr. France — Direct to the consum- ers, cutting out the middleman. ILLINOIS STATE BEE-KEEPERS' ASSOCIATION 57 Mr. Tyrrel: — Does he handle ex- tracted, also? -Mr. France — He is working now more in the extracted. A boy in Mil- waukee, whose health was failing, had finished school and was in a place of business, but kept inside. The doctors told him there was one of two things to do, that he could take his choice, go to a lighter altitude, to some place out West, or not get well. Well, it did not appeal to him that that was the thing to do; he was his father's only son and was thought everything of; they did not like his going away among strangers, and they asked my advice; I said to him — "Walter, you have to have fresh air. Your father is more than busy, caring for his bees. Why can't you take a horse and ride around the neighbor- hood and sell honey? "Don't be in a hurry to go to Col- orado." He took my advice and re- mained at home, and did not have to go out W^est, and today that boy is running five delivery wagons and he is buying honey to supply his trade. I have furnished him the fourth car- load this year, and he is a hearty, ro- bust boy. Mr. Tj-rrell — What size packages? Mr. France — His goes into the gro- cery stores. One night when I was there, he came home at a late hour for his supper, and he said, "Papa, I wish you would, while I am eating my lunch, get the engine a-going", and be- fore we went to bed he had consider- ably over a wagon load of horseradish, grated and bottled, ready for delivery next morning. He is robust now — and it shows the ingenuity of the boy. The horsei'adish is washed well, goes into a grater and into the bottles, and he has not touched it at all. This little engine does the whole business. Mr. Vaughn — I would like to ask Mr. France what per cent of combs should be capped to be considered ripe honey. Mr. France — That depends. I have seen combs filled without any caps and it was ripe, and I have twice seen combs entirely capped over the honey and not ripe. I want them in my lo- cality nearly all sealed. I don't care for the lower set of cells around the borders — but nearly full. If you have not anything else to judge by and there are some uncapped cells, if you will hold the comb flatwise and give it a quick jerk upwards and the honey stays in there, it is all right, but if it goes out I would rather put it back in the hive. Mr. Vaughn— Mr. A. J. Cook says, if two-thirds of the comb is capped it is considered ripe by him. Pres. Dadant — The trouble with Pro- fessor Cook is he is not a practickl api- culturist; he is a scientist. I believe Mr. France has it right — When they are harvesting honey very fast they will cap it over fast and sometimes, unripe. I have seen more basswood unripe than any other kind. In the fall, when the weather is dry, on the other hand, you cannot possibly shake any of it out; that is ripe; but if the least quantity of it shakes out, that is enough to spoil it. Mr. Baxter — Mr. France's method is a very good one. I have kept a record of every man to whom I sell honey, since 1880 — the quantity of honey sold, the mode of payment, and I am selling, today, honey to customers I sold to twenty-five years ago. I have sold as high as 40,000 pounds in one sea- son, and never left home, and there was only one man that ever beat me out of a cent. Mr. France — On this question of ripening honey: I found two men in New York who did not let any combs cap over and they have good honey; but their honey crop is mostly buck- wheat— nearly ripe when it comes from the field. They don't let any combs cap over; I don't approve of their method for this part of the country-. Mr. Duby — I listened very attentively to what Mr. France said, and I am somewhat confused in regard to get- ting bad honey. He seems to lay the cause to the man. Now I don't know. I produce good honey, and bad honey, and I am the same man all the time, and have the same bees, and in the same locality. Of course the climate differs and the temperature varies sometimes. If a man is the cause — what is he going to do? Is it lack of education? Now of course I have several colonies of bees, side by side, but out of one colony I got first class honey, and out of the other colony I did not; it seems to have a different fiavor, a different 58 TWELP"TH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE color, a different shade, in fact, entirely different from the other, and they are side by side and have the same treat- ment. Now I would like to know if this is caused by the man or by the bees, or what is it anyway? I have an idea that the bees will go in different localities from the same hive; sometimes bees from one hive will go all in the same direction, and sometimes bees from other hives will go in an opposite direction; but I do know that there are lots of crops of honey of poor quality produced by men who very likely claim that they know how to produce good honey and know all about bees. I hate to blame the bees, and I hate to blame the man; who is to be blamed? What is the ■cause of this poor honey? It may be we don't know; inay be we let it sour, or some of it will get watery — or may be the buyer will put his honey in a cool cellar. We talked with a man at Davenport this morning who had bought a con- signment of honey from the South, and T asked him "Where is your honey?" He said — "In the cooler." I said — "Don't you know, Mr. , that honey will soon have a watery surface if put in the cooler?" He didn't know it. I told him a little further along that subject. He said — "I am glad you told ane." Very likely that honey was fine when he got it; he said it was nice, but if he had kept that honey there for a couple of weeks in that cool, damp- place, we know the flavor of that honey would have "been spoiled. Is this caused by ignorance on the part of the bee-keeper or the fault of the man who handles the honey? I don't know, but I think that here is room for education, and I would like 1;g ask this association's advice about some ways or means by which we can start local conventions in different •counties to educate the people. Mr. France — Now with these two parties that I referred to who cannot get honey enough to flil their orders: All their goods are labeled, and on that label is printed Where and How to Keep Honey. Right within two doors, on the same street where this young man is sell- ing several hundred tons of honey, I found a shipment of honey thnt had not been paid for; it was held some eighteen months. The party to whom it had been shipped said he could not sell it. The bee-keeper who shipped the honey wanted me to investigate. I found that the honey had been shipped during fruit season; It was put on the elevator and run down the cellar, and put back in the cold, damp part of the cellar, and it was at the time of the year to lay in the coal, the coal was shoveled in right along next to the honey. By the time the coal went in there, the honey had become thin and sour, and the soft coal dust stuck to the barrel. Was it saleable? Was the producer at fault? Had he had proper instruc- tions upon those packages not to put honey in a damp cellar, he probably would have avoided all this. I got the honey out' of there and after examining some of it, I sold the whole thing at seven cents a pound. It was the outside of the package that made it distasteful to the parties, but I found a baking firm who were glad to take the entire lot. Now we should have the different grades of honey and sell each for what it is worth. My first honey surplus is from dandelion bloom. Before the bees gather clover, I want every bit of dandelion honey in the hives cleaned out. I don't want a drop of that in the clover. It takes only a little dark honey to color fancy white. I am using some combs over and over, and when the basswood season 1= nearly over, I save enough and to spare for wintering my bees. I seldom have any losses. My white honey is going rapidly at ten cents a pound, and the darker at seven and one-half cents, to bakers. The so-called Honey Producers' As- ■ sociation, with headquarters at Sioux City, have built up a trade and are selling car-loads of honey, /and they are very careful to keep each kind separate, and label it separately. When they have a customer who wants clover — he is put on their list of clover buyers. They have a list for this, the same as a business man has his follow-up system. Mr. Duby — This meeting I feel ought to be divided into two classes — Comb and Extracted honey. I believe it is harder to produce a good quality of extracted honey than ILLINOIS STATE BEE-KEEPERS' ASSOCIATION 59 comb honey; I have an idea that it is, but I don't know. Mr. Tyrrell — ^How large a storage tank do you use? Mr. France — One holds nine thou- sand pounds; another five thousand pounds. Bright tin or seasoned wood tanks preferred. Mr. Tyrrell— You fill that full before you begin to draw off into cans? Mr. France — Yes; two days and a half work; bring home from a ton and a, half to two tons a day. It is in there about two or three days, but this year we let it all stand in storage. Mr. Tyrrell — I believe Mr. France has hit upon two of the most import- ant points in the production of a first class article of honey. You will notice that Mr. France is one of the men who does not leave his honey on the hives clear through to the end of the honey flow; and we have been taught, through books and journals, and at conventions, that it is . absolutely necessary for honey to re- main on the hive all season and ex- tract at the close of the season if we want a choice article. It is a fact that in some localities honey can remain on the hives too long, and that it will deteriorate and draw moisture and even sour; this is true in some parts of New York state. Mr. France extracts his honey at two or three different times, at the close of each honey flow. I hardly dare say it, but I have ex- tracted honej- even more often than that, but that honey has gone invari- ably into the storage tank. If there is any thin or unripe honey that by any means has been extracted, that thin honey will raise to the top of your storage tank. The tanks I use hold one ton of honey each. Over the top of my tank I put three or four thicknesses of cheesecloth; then a telescope cover goes over the whole tank, that Just slips on loosely; at the top of that honey a thick scum forms, and that scum, whether you know it or not, is almost air proof. Then the change in the air from around the cover, through that cheesecloth, and down through the scum is a very slow change, and I Tiave found by using the tank and putting that honey in as soon as it has ripened in the hive, and not leav- ing it any length of time on the hive, the thin honey goes to the top, and the clear, thick honey is drawn from the bottom. If there is thin honey, don't put it in your first grade. You will have in your sixty pound cans the nicest, clearest lot of honey, and it will ail be of one particular flavor. As against that, I have bought honey from bee-keepers who run out right from the extractor into sixty pound cans, and I have found that different cans would have different flavors. When I am putting it up for the retail trade in small packages of ten pounds. I would like to buy my honey in ton lots, and have every bit of honey of the entire ton taste just the same all the way through. I would not think of producing ex- tracted honey without having a stor- age tank. That is contrary to a good deal of the teaching that has been given us, and undoubtedly it would raise more or less of a protest, but the two points Mr. France made we are apt to over- look— first: that honey, if it is ex- tracted or taken from the hives as soon as it is ripe, and stored in a suit- able place, is apt to be better than the honey that is left on the hives until there is a possibility of it absorbing moisture;, second: by the use of the storage tank, you get a clearer article, more utiiform in body and flavor and more satisfactory to send out to your customers. Mr. Baxter — I can't agree with the gentleman. Mr. Stone — I do. Mr. Baxter — I have extracted sixty- five barrels one season, run from thg extractor to barrels, and sold it to my customers, and there was no complaint. Honey from one hive should be just like that of another, if it is extracted at the same time and in the same yard. I have extracted honey, and seven days afterward gone right over and ex- tracted again, and from those hives get one barrel of honey from sixteen hives. Mr. Tvrrell — Please don't think I con- demn all honey that is left on the hives: that is not what I intended to do; I say that there are conditions, where, if the honey is left on the hives, it will absorb moisture and spoil. There is certainly no objection to extracting honey just as soon as it is ripe. 60 TWELFTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE Pres. Dadant — I believe you are speaking of different locations; Mr. Baxter was speaking of Illinois, and you of New York. Mr. Tyrrell — Mr. Baxter, the plan that I would advocate is a plan that a be- ginner or an inexperienced man could use. As soon as it is ripe on the hives, if it is extracted properly and cared for, you will, I believe, agree with me, that honey would be just as good as if it was left on the hives. There are conditions when honey left on the hives might not be good — if you had cold, nasty, rainy weather — those are the conditions that we might run up against in Illinois. Mr. Stone — It does happen. You let your honey stay on until it gets real cold; the bees are keeping it warm in the hive and it is cold on the outside, and your honey gathers moisture. I left two section cases that I didn't know were there and the next spring those sections were warped out of shape and mouldy and they had been as wet as though thej- had been in water, and the honey was spoiled. Mr. Duby — When you are going to extract honey, how do you keep from getting unripe honey? Mr. Tyrrell — Sometimes you can't; but if you use your storage tank, that unripe honey will come to the top. If it does remain thin, and does not ■ ripen, draw it off and don'L let it go as first class honey. Mr. France — Another thing: If you - will follow the advice given in brother Badant's paper, and put your bee-es- capes on the night before, and take those off in the morning, and don't take off today's gathered honey, you will get rid of that thin honey. I don't take off much honey in the afternoon. Mr. Stone — I don't run it into the storage tank. AVhen I am running on a small scale, I never have any help to extract; and run it off into thirty pound pails that basket into one another — and occupy but little space when empty. I have a great many of them. In running it out, I find I have thin honey on top. I run out as long as it is thick, and then run out some that isi as thin as water. I set that on to the stove, in water, and let it get warm enough so tliat every particle of wax rises to the top; have never strained honey in my life; I skim it; and it is as clear as w-ater; it beats straining to my mind. Five or six hundred pounds is as much as I run out in one day. Mr. Duby — The gist of these argu- ments and discussions here is for the enlightenment of every one of us. I will ask this association — could it not work means to interest people more largely in different methods, and have local conventions in different counties or districts — as we are doing in our part of the state ? We have four counties — Kankakee and Iroquois and two others, and we have had four meetings — two in Kankakee County and two in Iroquois. We have two members -here. And I am pleased to state we have larger audiences than we have here tonight. Of course the people who attend those meetings are not like Mr. France and Mr. Stone and other of the men here; they are like myself and Mr. Roberts. I think the result obtained has been very satisfactory. It creates an interest. I know there are more than a half dozen interested in bee-keeping around this city — Now whre are they? Why don't we have more bee-keepers pres- ent here? That shows a lack of inter- est; we should have more bee-keepers from all over the State. I have an idea that the State ought to interest themselves in having these local conventions; of course it has to be done oh a small scale, as we have been doing in our part of the country. It is work, I will admit. But our meet- ings are getting more interesting all the time, and we have a larger at- tendance than e>'er before. At the first meeting we had fonr present — and the next time there were fifteen — ^and it has ben growing all the time, until now we have quite a few. I wonder if this meeting cannot argue this matter, and try to have local or- ganizations in different pai;ts of the State — that would educate the bee- keepers and the people at large. Our local papers have some nice ar- ticles on the meetings that we have had. By keeping this before the public all the time, it might built up a line of education, and finally, more people would be interested. We have had a strong fight in our country with foul brood; a great many times I have treated my bees, but the trouble is with our neighbor's bees; ILLINOIS STATE BEE-KEEPERS' ASSOCIATION 61 I have a neighbor who has foul brood among his bees; and he doesn't care. I don't know how I am going to get rid of foul brood under those condi- tions— but if my neighbor were to take into consideration the real value of the bees, and what they meant — and what foul brood meant, he would take an interest; but he doesn't know. And I believe if we could do as we are doing today, we could educate the peo- ple. Our coming here today was no pleas- ure. We have been up since midnight, but we come here with a purpose in view. Mr. Kildow was with us at our field days; he said it was a good thing. 1 wonder if you would be in favor of that, and work it up in some way. I can't express myself as I ought to, but I suppose you understand my meaning. Pres. Dadant — I am very much im- pressed with the idea of improving bee culture throughout the country, and the two meetings in Eastern Illinois have given me an idea that it would be well to increase such meetings. I believe Mr. Duby has good ideas in his head. I want to show you how slowly things are accomplished. This organ- ii;ation was chartered by the State of Illinois in 1891; it is just twenty-one years. It was at the suggestion of Col. Chas. F. Mills, who was Secretary' of the State Board of Agriculture; he told us we could not get a permanent organization unless we took out a charter. We had been meeting right along for years; there were fifteen named in the charter, but some of them were not present. Charles Mills was not a bee- keeper. Mr. Stone — Your father was here at that meeting. Pres. Dadant — That can give you an idea how slow is progress. Mr. Moore — We had a little associa- tion in the Western part of the state, called the Western Illinois Bee-Keep- ers' Association; we met at Galesburg; in a good year we would have a fair attendance. In 1898 we had a good crowd, and m.ade sort of a picnic affair of it; we had dinner on the Court House lawn and had a good time. The following year was a failure; I called a meeting late in the summer, and there were three of us there. The next year I called a meeting and I went to Gales- burg, and no one came. I finallj^ went out to the house of the secretary and roused him out — and that was all there was. In a good season we can get enough people interested in ordinary localities. I expect in Eastern Illinois, in Mr. Duby's county there are more bee- keepers than there are with us; it de- pends a good deal on locality. Mr. Stone — This organization grew out of the district organization we held here; we called it the Capital Bee- Keepers' Association, and we run for about six or eight j^ears until this par- ticular meeting spoken of, in which there were fifteen members present — • (nearly half of those present have passed on now) — and formed the pres- ent Illinois State Bee-Keepers' Associ- ation. I was elected secretar3% and it ran for years, and I never got a dollar, but for things that I had to have, like stationery, etc. The year of the World's I'*air, after we had been running for three or four years, I sent out to the crop reporters of the state a return postal card, ruled, for them to put in the names of nine or ten bee-keepers in their county, and I got between three and four thousand names. That vv'as all done after our appropriation was made by the legislature to give us an exhibit at the World's Fair; they appropriated $3,500 to make the honey exhibit. Mr. Hambaugh and I had charge of the honey exhibit and got the medal over all the other states. That was the beginning of the growth of our association, it became self sup- porting, Ave got an appropriation and published this report. The next one will be the twelfth. These little associations that Mr. Duby talks about can be formed throughout the state; the secretary- can get those members to affiliate with the State Association and with the National, and we can give them the report. If you can find a secretary who will do this work for nothing, he Is the man to elect. You get the re- port, a membership in the National and the Review, and you have some- thing for your money. You can get the report of your as- sociation embodied with the State re- port; it will not cost you a cent — but keep up the State Association in order \ TWELFTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE to get an appropriation to publish this report. Mr. Duby — How many members has this association? Mr. Stone — Last year we reported over three hundred; this year there were ninety short. Mr. Duby — Those ninety moved to Missouri! Mr. Tyrrell — I have not read Mr. ■ Stone's report, as to why those ninety m_embers are shy this year, but it is not at all surprising, considering the past season and the conditions. Talk with any bee supply man; he is glad he has gotten through without running behind this year; this applies to the manufacturers, too. This con- dition prevails throughout the coun- try. So this one reason in itself, if there were none other, would be sufficient for a decrease in membership. Mr. Duby — I think if every member w^ould work a little we would have five hundred members by next fall. Mr. Roberts — In extracting honey in big tanks, the fine wax that goes through will float at the top. I believe when honey is extracted, not ripe, that the poison that escapes from the bees in shaking them goes to that honey and helps it to ferment. There was a saloon keeper in Wis- consin who bought two gallons of honey from me; and he was batching it; he said "I will put one gallon up- stairs and the other I will keep here and eat it." He had bread and butter and ate his honey right out of the jar. and in two or three weeks that jar of honey was as sour as could be; as sour as anything you ever saw. The other jar which he kept upstairs was all right. I found the reason for it — in the jar he had been using, I found a lot of bread crumbs which had fermented it. In regard to the Eastern Association — I believe that the State Association ought to be the leading association — and that all others should be subordi- nate to this' one. A great many bee-keepers want to be members of this, but not of the Na- tional. They have said to me, "I will give you one dollar to be a member of the State Association"; and I got notice that they could not do this. I believe that there should be a way to bring them in as members of this association; what would be the rate to have them members of this association only and not of the National? Mr. Stone — When this convention is over, and at the proper time, we will send out another notice, and it will be entirely different from what it has ever been before. It will embody the union with the National, and the benefits they will get by joining both, and on that basis membership w-ill- be asked for. The benefits that are offered to a man coming into both associations will be named. Mr. Duby — This State Association and the National will be but one. Mr. Stone — Every association in the United States is a branch of the Na- tional. If the association does not want to join the National, it does not have to, but I believe when we hear from Mr. Tyrrell tomorrow, w'e will all want to join. I was opposed to the whole thing, you know, a year ago, but I have corresponded with Mr. Tyrrell, and I have an inkling into what they are going to do; I am now on the other side, and I believe you will all be to- morrow. Mr. Tyrrell — Without going into that discussion tonight: I will say that in making any change, such as has been made, there are always some wheels that grind and don't run smoothly; it takes a little time to get them running smoothly and nicely, and I appreciate all these obstacles that present them- selves to you, but I believe when you get through with it and you under- stand what is trying to be done, and what you can do, you will not present opposition any more, and that you will see and believe, the same as I do, that it is the best move that can be made for the bee-keepers of this country. I am going to outline a plan to you tomorrow that will not conflict with j-cur work. Always remember this: ^ That the officers of the National Association are your servants, and that each local as- sociation or State Association has as much to say as to what is being done as any other b,ody of bee-keepers in the United States. We should all act in unison and har- mony in our plans. It is like the old man and woman that stood one on each side of the fence with a rope between them; a traveling man came along and he said t'o them, "What are you trying to do?" ILLINOIS STATE BEE-KEEPERS' ASSOCIATIOiN 6S "We are trying to get that rope through the fence." "You can never pull it through that way; get together and see if you can't pull it through." — And the rope came. Many of us have been trying to do this thing all our lives, pulling against each other to try to accomplish some- thing, when the way would be to pull together, and see what could then be accomplished. Mr. Stone — I move that -we have a reading flrom Mrs. Kildow and then adjourn. Motion seconded and carried. Mrs. Kildow gave a very interesting reading. Convention adjourned at ten o'clock, until nine next morning. Convention convened Thursday morning, October 31, 1912. Opened by the president. Pres. Dadant — To begin with, we had better have the report from our State Inspector. Mr. Kildow — Before submitting my report to this association, I will try to tell y'ou something of the work that has been done. First, an inspector must learn to handle men as well as bees. We at- tempted to take up the work where it was left ofE last year — to answer all calls, and give such assistance as was needed. The calls usually came from bee-keepers who knew there ■ was something wrong with their bees, and wanted assistance and instruction. But as the main object of our work is to get these diseases cleaned up, we did not stop here, but inspected many apiaries where the owners did not know whether they had the disease among their bees or not. After we examined the apiaries, wherever the disease was found and the owner was willing to clean up, printed cards were left for him to sign and send to me, stating when his apiary was cleaned up. In cases where deputies have re- ported disease to exist, I have written personal letters asking how they were getting along, and if their apiaries were cleaned up, getting written state- ments with their signature. These statements, as well as the records of the deputy work, are kept on file after a copy has been made in my record book. I have nine or ten deputies at work and each deputy is required to make semi-monthly reports on blanks suit- able for filing, and these contain suffi- cient data, that I might have a good history of the work done. This record gives me the number of apiaries visited, number of colonies, number of diseased apiaries, kind of disease, how treated, and conditions of apiary. In regard to the disease — where foul brood was found in a dangerous and incurable condition, we either burned or the owner destroyed it, but where it could be treated, treatment was done or recommended. I think the results obtained by in- spection will be in proportion to the education and instructions the bee- keepers receive. And with this in view, we have had several field days of instruction where the bee-diseases are shown, discussed, and the manner of treatment is shown. In these meetings some see the dis- ease and become able to detect it for the first time. The first of these meetings was held at Casey. One at "Watseka, and Presi- dent Dadant was with us. One at St. Anne, and on August first the Bee- Keepers of Northern Illinois met at the Apiary of C. W. Lampman of Rockford, Illinois. Present at this meeting was N. E. France, State Inspector of Wisconsin, the State Inspector of Illinois, and Deputy Arthur Lee. This meeting was well attended and many bee topics dis- cussed, especially those concerning brood diseases. Special mention should be made of the talks by N. E. France on the sub- ject of American Foul Brood and its treatment. And judging from the interest shown, this was a very beneficial meeting and will advance the bee industry. Other meetings were held at Carter- ville, and Smithboro, but on account of rain, the meeting at Smithboro was not a success. But we still feel that much good is derived from these meetings. I will now submit a summary of the work done from April, 1912, to October, 1912: 64 TWELFTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE Date. p n o o 3 5' 01 p £^ w "! O O 'Z 2; 12:1 •^ 1 2S t=3 -aP Is 0 "1 ■B leld Day 0. Colon Destroy* 0 >< d 3 < 0 ji &*! ft ft(f /I tdg^ • 0! T c O -! o o ft ' 0 1912. April , May June July August September. October. . . . Total... 422 IS.Jl 2715 1619 854 301 26 139 264 87 111 40 .1. 7761 66 IS 68 88 35 CO 19 19 22 7 17 18 49 66 28 43 12 2S8 216 120 I lOi 2 11 17 65 V2 113 45 54% 20 3 308 14 $ 13, 71. 31. 17. 25, 28. 14. 63 00 59 70 30 13 $ 68.00 222.00 452.00 180.00 219.00 80.00 12.00 $ 202.17 $1233.00 Of this work 2OS14 days was inspection by Deputies, and 100 days was inspection by Inspector. ^ L. KILDOW, _ State Inspector of Apiaries. Pres. Dadant— That report includes the deputies as well as yourself? Mr. Kildow — Per diem, deputy. Pres. Dadant — The deputy's expenses are paid out of the bee-keepers' treas- ury ? Mr. Kildow— Per diem, $1,233. Pres. Dadant — Paid out of the ap- propriation by the State for that pur- pose? Mr. Kildow— There was $1,500 ap- propriation. Of course this last six months' expense, from the first of July to now, comes on our second year. Mr. Moore — How much will there be for next spring's work, up to the first of July? Mr. Kildow — For the months of July, August, September and October, there is $576.72. Pres. Dadant — That goes on next year's appropriation? Mr. Kildow — Yes. Mr. Kildow — $923.28 yet to use of this year's appropriation; we can use that before the first of next July. Mr. Stone — You have the second fifteen hundred? You are already drawing on that this year? Mr. Kildow — Five hundred and some odd dollars. Mr. Stone — Can you keep that money in the treasury of last year, or will it revert? Mr. Kildow — I don't' know. Mr. Stone — Your term expires in July? Mr. Kildow — They have placed me under Civil Service commission, I un- derstand now, — it takes me from under the Governor and places me under the civil service — non-political, and I have to do something wrong in order to be removed — to be removed for cause. Pres. Dadant — You don't have to pass an examination? Mr. Kildow — No. Pres. Dadant — There is one question that the members will be glad to hear — How many deputies are there, and who are they? ■ Mr. Kildow — I can give you them but not from memory There is Mr. Arthur Lee, Altona; Mr. Moore, Highland; Mr: Weidner, Watseka; — 'Mr. Roberts — Mr. Pyles; — Mr. Witherow of Buffalo; there is a man at Casey, he only had a few days work; his name is Oscar Shawder; at Hudsonville, Mr. Frank L. Shaw. Mr. Stone — Did he visit Edwards- ville, Mr. Werner? Mr. Kildow — Yes, once. Mr. Stone — iMr. Werner said a man came to him that didn't know much about bees. Mr. Kildow — We have to make al- ^, s ' ""x V •^'^JK^f ^ 1 HHHHHHH^Hi A. L. KILDOW. State Inspector of Apiaries. ILLINOIS STATE BEE-KEEPERS' ASSOCIATION 65 lowances for Mr. Werner. I went to see him, to ask him to look after the country there and he could hardly get in the house or out; I made up my mind that he was not good for this country; I would not give him fifteen cents for himself. Pres. Dadant — You have heard the report — what will you do with it? Motion made that it be accepted — ■ seconded. Carried. Mr. France — Did the owner ask for any compensation for thos'e that were destroyed? Mr. Kildow — Not a bit. Mr. France — Did he consider they were of any value? Mr. Kildow — Down at Frederick there is a man to whom I wrote this spring and told him it was a pretty good spring to clean up, and I didn't get any answer. I went down there just the commencing of basswood; he had six old 'boxes, puttied up from top to bottom with mud, three or four, six, seven or eight-frame hives. That place hasi had foul brood for a good many years; and it seems like every colony in the neighborhood is affected. I turned up a few box hives and every one was diseased. I said to him — "I have been here long enough with you and writing to you and talking to you, and your neighbors have been cleaning up, and you have been feeding the disease back to them. You might as well get at it now." He thought it over, and ten minutes later he came and said to me — "Have you time to stay a little while?" I said — "I will take it." "You come back and we will get at it," he said. And I went back. That was along about noon. He said, "If you can stay here tomorrow, I will get the old kettle ready by daylight in the morning and we will transfer these bees, every one of them," and when daylight came, he had the old kettle boiling, and we shook everything out of the box hives and burned the combs that were too bad; the others we put in a gunny sack and put in the kettle; so we cleaned them up and rendered his wax right there that day. "We cleaned the box hives whether there was disease in them or not. How he will do, I don't know. He ig not a very good man to keep things clean; but he was clean then, all right. I will have to go there in the spring to see whether he kept them clean. —5 I found two or three other places where they were badly gone; and I instructed the man that the best thing he could do was to burn them; he asked me, when, and I, said, right away. He said — "We might as well do it now, then." I told him to get the kerosene, and I had a lighted match to it before he had time to change his mind, and in that way I burned eleven of them with the owner's consent. Mr. Moore — I have had a little ex- perience this season with box hives and so-called movable frame hives. I would sooner inspect a box hive than a movable frame hive. I have found movable hives with combs built cross- ways and it is impossible to get in them, but you can get clear to the top of the combs of the box hives. So far as advocating frame hives for the ma- jority of bee-keepers, I am opposed to it. Mr. Vaughn — In our neighborhood there is a good deal of disease; there are some four or five country bee- keepers that have had the disease more or less in their hives, and what was inspected this year was my yard and Mr. Riggs. Mr. Becker examined my colonies and found no disease. Last year we had that disease to fight, and this year again. I had ten colonies at one time diseased, very slightly though. But one of my neigh- bors last year had three hives and they were supposed to be movable frame hives. I knew they had the disease — I could smell it, and I told him they were diseased; they were not working like they should. He wanted me to open the hives and show him the disease; he wanted to know the method of the cure. I told him the shaking plan. Pres. Dadant — ^When you find disease among your neighbor's bees — inform the inspector. Mr. Vaughn— The inspector had been there in the spring. I was at a con- vention and didn't get to see the in- spector. Mr. Riggs was at home and I sup- posed he would show the inspector around. He inspected a few out in the country, but this year their bees were not inspected, and I know that disease is among them. Mr. Stone — Did you read the law to any of them? Mr. Vaughn — Yes. They said the' inspector would have to clean it up. 66 TWELFTH ANNUAL, REPORT OF THE and they would not clean it up until the law was read to them. Pres. Dadant — There are 35,000 bee- keepers in Illinois at least. We can- not expect the inspector to see those ".5,000 apiaries in one, or two, or three years, and we should notify him when we know of the existence of the dis- ease. We should then see that some one goes to that apiary, and if he does not, he is at fault. He can have a deputy, and as long as we have money to spare, that should be attended to by the inspector through the deputy; since the inspector cannot visit every apiary in the state. Mr. Kildow — We sonic^times go to a place in the spring and there is noth- ing there; a month from tt^jat timp something will show up, and then they condemn the inspector. As for my giving a certificate that an apiary is clean for one year, I will not give it, because it might show up during that time even though it had Ijeen thoroughly cleaned up when the certificate Avas given. The trouble is among the Ijee-keep- ers. Wherever they think there is any disease they should write the inspec- . tor and he will go himse'f or send a deputy. The bee-keepers' must learn to do th(is themselves because rhe in- spector cannot go to a yard every two or three months. The bee-keepers must help the inspectors clean this thing up. Pres. Dadant — All in favor of adopt- ing the report of the inspector, say aye. Report adopted unanimously. Mr. Moore — The Auditing Committee is ready to report. Auditor's Report. We, the undersigned, Auditing Com- mittee of the Illinois State Bee-Keep- ers' Association, have this date audited the Secretary's and Treasurer's books and reports and find same to be correct. W. B. Moore, A. L. Kildow, W. H. Stumm. Pres. Dadant — You have heard the report of the committee — what will you do with it? Motion made to adopt same, seconded and carried. Mr. Baxter — Before you pass to an- other topic I have a resolution here I would like to read before any of the members leave: Resolution. Whereas, Bee-keeping scientifically anxi properly conducted offers one of the eas- iest and best means of making a good amount of money with a small amount of capital; and Whereas, Many of the young women and young men attending the agricul- tural college in the State University at Urbana with a view of engaging in gen- eral agriculture or fruit growing have little or no capital with which to start in their chosen avocations; and Whereas, A knowledge of practical bee- keeping would greatly assist them in ac- quiring that needed capital, and the keep- ing of bees aid them in the profitable development of their crops without hindering them in the pursuit of their labors ; and Whereas, Quite a number of States have already established a department of Api- culture in their State Universities, greatly to the benefit of said States, wherein practical bee-keeping is taught, bee diseases studied, preventions and rem.edies lOr the same devised, and the inspection of the apiaries of the said states undertaken for the purpose of de- tecting the existence of the diseases, the prevention of the spread of the same and the cure a^id eradication of the diseases from tlie State; therefore, be it Resolved, By tlie Bee-Keepers of the State of Illinois in convention as.senibled. in Springfield, this 31st day of October, li>12, that we most earnestly request and urge the Board of Trustees of the State University and the management of said University to establish an Apiarian De- partment in the Agricultural Collego at the University, with a good, practical, successful bee-keeper at its head, for the purpose of teachin.g practical bee-keeping to such of the .students as desire to learn the same, to study the various bee dis- eases, make experiments in the preven- tion and cure of the same, and to do everj'thing possilile that will encourage and advance practical and profitable bee- keeping witliin the State. By the Committee on Resolutions. Mr. Baxter — I move that a copy of this Resolution be mailed to the Presi- dent of the Board of Directors, and al- so one to the President of the State University. Pres. Dadant — You have heard the Resolution offered by the Resolution Committee — what will you do about it? Motion made that it -i>e adopted — seconded and carried. Pres. Dadant — We have with us, as you know, Mr. Tyrrell of the National. He is very sanguine and very anxious to see it a success, and I think we are all anxious to see union between the State Associations and the National. There will probably be a number of ciuestions to be answered. I wish to state to him now, that the principal question before our bee- keepers is this; that some prefer to ILLINOIS STATE BEE-KEEPERS' ASSOCIATION 67 pay one dollar and be members of the State only, and some are willing to pay the $1.50 and belong to both, and that is a question we will have to have settled for us — whether we can do it and remain truthful and loyal to the National. It has been done in Mis- souri. Missouri imakes it fifty cents for the State membership instead of one dollar. I think every one wants to be loyal to the National. Under the circumstances, however, we believe (I think a majority of us believe) it would be a mistake not to accept the one dollar. We want to know whether it can be done and be agreeable all round. We are ready to hear you, Mr. Tyrrell. Mr. Tyrrell — Mr. President, Mem- bers of the Association: It offers me a great deal of pleasure to have the privilege of meeting and addressing the members of the Illinois Eee-Keepers' Association. I have read about the work that has been done in your Association, and I have ap- preciated for a long time that you have one of the most progressive Associa- tions of Bee-keepers in the United States so far as I am acquainted. I certainly feel that you have a loyal set of officers who are working out these problems for you. My position, understand, in coming as a representative of the National Association niust not be confused. I do not want you to feel that I have come here to tell you Avhat you can an«l cannot do. We are one great family. According to the action taken at our last convention, you are as much a part of the National Association as I am, or as any other Association is, and these problems that are presenting themselves are problems for your con- sideration just as well as they are for ours. Don't lose sight of that fact — that the National is not one Association and this State Society another Associa- tion. I will try and answer all the ques- tions as best I can. The old Constitution, under which we were working, had been in force for many years. The old Association had efficient officers at its head — men who devoted conscientious work and tried hard to acomplish as much good as possible for the bee-keepers, and I want to say in this respect the As- sociation never had a more conscien- tious, hard working and thorough man than the man we have with us today, Mr. France. But in spite of the fact that you tried, and that we tried through the Association to accomplish something — to climb ahead, the officers were handi- capped under the old Constitution. We were at that time a competi- tive organization: Then we could say the National was one society, and the Michigan still another, because you had different constitutions and did. not have representation in the National convention. You went there as individuals. One man in your convention stated that according to the new Constitution there is a delegate to be sent for every fifty members; (that was a mistake); he said that we would have to send six delegates and it would cost three hun- dred dollars to have this association represented. Under the old constitution, if you were represented in the National and represented properlj^ you had to send three hundred members of the Illi- nois Association to the National Con- A-ention; now multiply that by the cost for each delegate and you will find out what it cost you under the old constitution. Tender the old constitution the Con- ventions necessarily were local in chnracter. Few men went from dis- tant parts of the country, and those few were the only representatiA^es we had from those distant parts. The rest of the attendance were all local bee- keepers and the laws that were brought up and passed would be influenced by that local attendance. It was not a representative meetins' of bee-keepers of this country. And yet the association tried to represent the bee-keepers of the whole United States. A short time ago we understood from the Bee Journals that the membership of the National Association was creep- ing up and that we had nearly five thousand members — over four thou- sand five hundred members — and I was under the impression that we had that many members on our list. When I got out the first circular, which, by the way, I have with me this morning, I got out an edition uf five thousand, and then I set girls to work addressing envelopes, and I found when I addressed the envelopes to 68 TWELFTH ANNUAL. REPORT OF THE every single name we had on our Na- tional list, it took just a little over three thousand and not all of those three thousand were paid up members; a lot had not been paid up. No one had deliberately stated a falsehood, but the impression was given that we had Ave thousand. I give you this information so that you will understand the conditions that ex- isted when the new constitution took place. Our membership was actually de- creasing, toward the last, under the old constitution. "What was the trouble? It was not because the officers were not doing their part, nor because every- body was not trying to do their part, but because your plan of organization was wrong, and it never would become a success until the plan was right, so, at the last convention, under the pro- posed constitution, we had a represent- ative form of government. This representative form of government made your little association in Illinois a part of the National, and not a sepa- rate society. It made it so that every single mem- ber of your society, whether fifty or five hundred, would be represented when your delegate went to the Na- tional Convention; and should that one delegate go to the convention, backed by three hundred members, he has six votes against a delegate coming from an association with less than fifty members with but one vote. This is the only way you could be honestly represented in the National Association. It is necessary, in covering the big territory that we are trying to cover, the United States and Canada, to have a central organization with its various branches scattered throughout the territory. It is a mistake, in my opinion, to have three different and separate so- cieties in the state of Illinois. T feel that those three societies should be a part of the State Society. I wish 1 could explain how I believe that could be worked out. Now some will say that the raising of the dues was a bad move, making the fee one dollar and a half instead of one dollar as in thel past. . If you will take your records and look over them carefully, you will find that the fifty cents that went to the National in the past was a very small amount of money to accomplish any material benefits and do the things we were trying to do. It is a fact that when we took over the association work the first of Feb- ruary, we started with a little over twenty-eight dollars in the treasury to do business with. You will remember that last year, after your convention, a circular was sent out to your bee-keepers of Illinois, telling them that if they would join prior to the change in the Constitution (which took effect January 1st this year), they could have their member- ship in the National for fifty cents for the year. A majority of the members took advantage of that fifty cent clause, and the result was, the money v,-as sent in before the new constitution went into effect, and it was necessary, as Mr. France will tell you, to use it to pay up bills that had been incurred under the old Constitution. So it is certain, my friends, that, if the National was going to accomplish something for you, there must be some way whereby a larger income could be assured. We sometimes, in discussing things, lose sight of the future, and if Mr. Stone will lend me a dollar for about five minutes, I will agree to return it with interest. (Mr. Stone hands Mr. Tyrrell a silver dollar.) Now I can furnish the cent. I have made the statement, through the Jour- nals, that it is not a question so much of what we pay as it is a question of what we get for what we pay. I contend that the fifty cent mem- bership fee can, under certain condi- tions, be more expensive to the mem- bers than a one dollar fee, and I want to illustrate that fact. Taking this dollar and holding it up this way (illustrating), with that penny against it, we can see the dollar. But if we hold the dollar at arm's length and place the penny close to the ej'e, we cannot see the dollar. The point I want to illustrate Is this: You and I oftentimes consider the present expenditure of a cent and lose sight of the possible dollar that stands in the future as the result of the ex- penditure of that cent. (Applause.) We are conservative people. We want to wait and not take a chance because we might make a mistake. We want II^LINOIS STATE BBE-KEEPERS' ASSOCIATION 69 to wait until we see that a thing is a success before we make the venture. I confess to you that the new changes mixed things up. It had its offlcers and its members in a tangle; we did not know where we stood. But the thing is working out, and is clearer than it v/as at the beginning. Xow some of the obstacles that I, as Secretary, have run up against are these: We started out to do business with $1.50 membership fee, fifty cents com- ing to the local society and one dollar going to the home office; and the first thing we run up against was, what about the States where we did not have branches established? What were we going to do with members in that locality? The Directors considered this, and felt that for the best interests of the Association, its members must be obliged to paj- the full one dollar and a half, and for that one dollar and a half would be made a member of the nearest National Branch. That required some members to join in branches that were entirely out of their state. That was not a good plan, but it was the best we could do under the circumstances. Then we went a little further and found some associations that wanted to join, but did not want to force all members to join. You can't have a successful organiza- tion if you have a split in your ranks. Unless you are all working for the same point and all together, you are going to have division, and a house divided against itself is sure to fall. This proposition came up, and had to be considered, and in some instances we have overlooked that particular clause in the Constitution, and have al- lowed Associations to come in and take membership even though all of tho members did not take membership. The old Constitution provided that all members should join — but they didn't always do it. As publisher of the Bee-Keepers' Re- view, I found that my work as Secre- tary of the National and as publisher of the Review conflicted. I w-as handi- capped. I would try to take up things in behalf of the National, and at the same time was obliged to sacrifice the interests of the paper, and vice versa — and it came to be a question — although I did not so put it up to the Directors — it was almost a question with me whether I resign as Secretary of the National, or whether the two unite. I contend that this Association needs a mouthpiece. I want to say in behalf of other Journals that are published, the Re- view included^ — 'that they have always done the fair thing by the Association; they have been liberal in the space given them, and you have always had a chance to talk through those ' Jour- nals; but that is not the same as talk- ing through your own publication and having your own ipaper coming to you' own members. It was necessary, in order to build up the Association, in my opinion, that some means of communication should come out from the head office at stated intervals to its members. This matter was put to the Directors — and here is an instance where the question of five Directors came up. It has been held that twelve Directors are too many. The Directors do not have all of the business to do with the Association. Your Association, if you please, is the supreme authority. You as an associa- tion elect your delegates; your dele- gate goes to the National Convention and he is your representative. He is in supreme authority at that conven- tion. He changes or makes your Con- stitutions or laws as they are presented there, according to his instructions from you. There he elects your five directors and your officers, so that the officers and directors are responsibla to the delegates. Now the delegates cannot be in ses- sion all the time, and it is only between sessions that your Board of Directors can carry on your business. The also follow out the delegates' instructions which are given them at Conventions. When you have twelve (12) director.-., you have a machine that is unweildy. You cannot get quick action; and with five directors, it took months before we could get this question of the Re- view transferred or sold to the Na- tional officially. These are some of the things that no one is to blame for. One Director was in Florida; the contract was sent to him in Florida, and he was back North before it got to him. And here is another obstacle we met: Some of the State Associations had had their annual meeting, and wanted to act as a Branch of the 70 TWELFTH ANNUAL. REPORT OF THE National', but they did not have any authority that could be given them un- til the next Convention, and so, to cover this, the Directors passed a resolution making it possible, where the Officers of the State Society would agree to act as Branch Officer of that Association, that the Association would be consid- ered as a Branch of the National, and all the members would be considered National members of that Association. Then it was desired to give to the members of the Association the Bee- keepers' Review — and here we ran up against Uncle Sam. A member sent in his dollar for membership in the National Associa- tion before the Review was published. That member would naturally feel he was entitled to the paper for a year, and yet, according to the postal laws, we could not send it to him. The postal laws demanded that a publisher main- tain a subscription list, and that money must be received as a subscription re- mittance— and when the post office in- spector comes in to my office and sajs — "Where is your subscription list?" — and picks out of the list a card — We will say it was that of Mr. James Stone. That card may show that Mr. Stone paid, to the end of December, 1913, the subscription price for th? paper; he can ask — "Where is Mr. Stone's original order for that sub- scription ?" It is necessary for me to find Mr. Stone's letter to prove that Mr. Stone did send in a dollar, or the subscription price for the Bee-Keepers' Review. Whereas, if we had sent out the Re- view to all the members of the National who had paid up, we would have laid ourselves open to the loss of the postal privileges for second class mail for the Bee-Keepers' Review. That we could not afford to do. So the Directors passed this resolution: If a subscriber sends in one dollar as a subscription to the Bee-Keepers' Review and pays fifty cents to a local Branch that act will entitle him to the National Benefits. While we were not able to send the old members their Review, on their old membership — we can send it to every man from now on; his renewal will come in as a subscription. Mr. Moore — A number of us here are subscribers to the Review. I sent in my subscription this summer. I have paid one dollar and a half for member- ship in this association and the Na- tional. Mr. Stone — That dollar goes for sub- scription to the Review. ' Mr. Moore — I have paid ahead. Mr. Tyrrell — Tour subscription will be extended. While we are on that, perhaps I had better thoroughly explain that one point: If we could have this paper entered as an association paper, then we could send the paper free to every member, but to do that, we had to come in as a strictly scientific or profesisional as- sociation. I made my plea to the Postal De- partment on that ground and I was turned down, because they said we were not strictly a professional or scientific society. I wrote them back another letter and said that I was not satisfied with their decision, that I did not believe they had given the matter careful consider- ation, and asked them if they would not reconsider the matter. I quoted the Century Dictionary, showing them that this society was a profesional or scientific societj^ if you please, according to those defini- tions. They came back at me saying that we were not a "strictly" scientific so- ciety because we were trying to help our members sell their honey, and be- cause our Constitution read: "The object of this society shall be to assist members in the business of bee-keeping." So that while I believe I could have fought that thing through the United States Postal authorities, and could have gotten the paper entered possibly as an association paper on those grounds, it might have handicapped us in business matter in the future, and I thought we had not better do it. We must have a Igjv in such a way that every single member of your so- ciety is a member of the National. We cannot make a subscription to the Review compulsory and a member- ship in the association compulsory to the subscribers. We cannot, to conform with the postal laws, say, you must subscribe for the Bee-Keepers' Review if you are a part of the National. We cannot say, if you are a sub- scriber to the Review, you must join ILLINOIS STATE BEE-KEEPERS' ASSOCIATION 71 the association or we will debar you from the privileges of the association. So to get arund that, we have this proposed amendment to the Constitu- tion. The question will come up. If this association is a hranch of the National and I can come in and pay my dollar to Mr. Stone, and get all the benefits of the National, you are not going to get any subscriptions for the Review. Pres. Dadant — Pardon me, Mr. Tyrrell, the membership here is one dollar. Mr. Tyrrell — That gives you a mem- bership in the National — how are we going to get subscriptions for the Re- view ? I believe the loyalty of the bee-keep- ers of this country is greater than what we appreciate at the present time. I believe that when the bee-keepers know we are fighting for them they will not hesitate to pay one dollar for the Review, knowing that it is the only income the National is going to have to conduct the business they are try- ing to do. Practically all of the important re- ports and' notices will go to the mem- bers through that Review, and it will become gradually m.ore and more an association paper. We believe the majority, if not all the members, will be glad to pay the amount necessary. What can we do for you in building your association up on that plan? We have in the state of Illinois our subscription list — many subscribers are not members. A member writes me: "I am a sub- scriber to the Bee-Keepers' Review. I want such and such help. Am I en- titled to the National benefits?" And I reply to such a query: "Only when you pay . Mr. Stone the local membership fee and become a member of your association." So you can readily see that that will help you build up your society — and so strictly through co-operation — one helping the other — it will work out to the best interests of us all. Mr. Stone — Our State dues are one dollar; have been right along. When we decided to join the National in the first place under the old Constitution, the State Association decided to send fifty cents out of the dollar for each membership. Let me read; , (From the Constitution and By-Laws of the Illinois State Bee-Keepers' As- sociation.) "Article 111. — Membership. Section 1. Any person interested in Apiculture may become a mem- ber upon the payment to the Sec- retary of an annual fee of one dollar ($1.00). (Amendment adopted at annual meeting No- vember, 1905): And any affiliat- ing Association, as a body, may become members on the payment of an aggregate fee of fifty cents (50c) per member, as amended November, 1910." Now we will have to have another amendment. Pres. Dadant — We passed a resolution last winter making the fee one dollar and a half, giving to the National one dollar, and fifty cents to this associa- tion— exactly the same as before, but giving the National one dollar instead of fifty cents. Some of the members said, we want to remain in the State but not in the National; the beginning of the meet- ing here, Mr. Stone asked the question —■'What shall we do with that dollar." Now the association has voted to ac- cept it for membership in the State Association. Mr. Tyrrell — Under the present plan we are working according to rules passed by the National Board of Di- rectors: Every member of your association is a member of the National regardless of whether you are paying a subscrip- tion to the Bee-Keepers' Review or not, but we earnestly hope that you will not say, "We are not going to help the National," when the Bee-Keepers' Re- view is the only source of income which we have. So the dollar will be sent as a sub- scription remittance, and if this new amendment passes, the member will get the Review, and membership in the local or State and membership in the National, the three for one dollar and a half. The question naturally comes up — If we could not do business upon that fifty cent membership fee before, how are you going to do business on a dollar if you give the Review? The advertising that we can get from a paper of this kind (and we can get more as an association paper than 1 72 TWELFTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE can get as an individual publisher) that income will go a long ways, if it will not entirely, in covering the cost of actually printing the paper. Mr. Stone — I want to say, for the benefit of our Association, I have re- ceived more fifty cent fees from brother ■Tyrrell than I have sent him one dol- lar fees. He has sent us more members to our association than I have sent names tci him. I have a letter in my pocker, which he gave me, for two member- ships, and he has sent me a dozen, and I guess I sent him four or five dollar;?. Mr. Tyrrell — I am glad to hear thai. Pres. Dadant — There is a question that has not been solved: You say that every member of the State Association virtually becomes a member of the National — What about those members who are paying us only one dollar, and for whom we are paying nothing? Mr. Tyrrell — Those members are still considered members of the Na- tional, and we will try to do what we can for them. They cannot expect as much benefit as though they were also Review sub- scribers. A large number oT prices and other information published in the Review — they would miss. We will publish re- ports and prices, et cetera, and we would not want to send these to a man who is not willing to subscribe for the paper. Mr. Kildow — For one dollar and c. half a man gets a reserve seat. Pres. Dadant — The man who sends one dollar is a member of the National only, and does not get the Review? Mr. Tyrrell — Yes. One more Question — that is, the matter of legal help Lo members. Why does the National turn down legal help to its members? I contend they do not. They can do as much toward helping a member leg- ally at the present time as they could before. As an illustration of that I will say, that one member in ^wrote me a letter stating that his village or city was contemplating the passage of an ordinance prohibiting the keeping oi bees within a certain distance of the road or street; if the streets were anj'- thing like lOur Eastern streets, you would practically be debarred from keeping bees in this village if this ordi- nance was passed. I wrote the council, through the City Clerk, telling him in my option that ordinance was not legal and was un- constitutional, and I quoted authority that I had available to substantiate my claim. In time I received a reply from the city attorney saying I had been mis- informed; it was not an ordinance to keep bees out of the city but to prevent the keeping of bees within such and such distances of the street. I wrote to him, that even should this be true, I would consider the ordinance unconstitutional. While it might not prohibit the keeping of bees within the city, such an ordinance as they pro- posed to pass would bring the same re- sult. They had a meeting, and the thing was all thrown out. nance, and I have written the party Now they are considering a new ordi- interested and told him I would talo it up for him if he wished me to do so. Another man in the Eastern part dC the United States wrote me and said he had bees located near the canal and that canal boats went along, and the people on the boats complained. I wrote to that man and advised him, from all I could understand of the situ- ation, to raise some sort of a barrier between the bees and the canal, by high brush, a high fence or something that would make the bees rise above the canal before passing over it; and I have not heard from him since then. I don't know what he did. Another bee-keeper in Missouri wrote me he had bought two city lots, and he had placed on those city lots one hundred swarms of bees, and now the neighbors were bringing suit. I wrote to him and his attornej', two or three letters, and gave him the legal facts as best I could, and then I advised him if he was trying to keep the bees in the city, if it was at all possible to get them out. I question whether he had good legal grounds to stand on. I say that the National, so far as I can see, can do as much for its mem- bers legally as they ever could. Oftentimes a lot of fellows ask for help w^hen they have no ground for asking help; fellows get into trouble and then join the National to help them out. Just here, let me tell you the situa- ILi,INOIS STATE BEE-KEEPERS' ASSOCIATION 73 tion with regar.l to our tin honey packages for this year. Previous to this time the National has handled cans but not direct. Arrangements had been made with Chicago factories to furnish the members cans at carload rates on local shipments. Each individual mem- ber who wanted cans would send an order to the Chicago factory. When we started to do business from Detroit, under the new Constitution, ii seemed it would be better if we could keep track of those orders, and know what kind of goods the Company were sending out, and how much business the National was doing. I wrote to the American Can Com- pany, and I also wrote to some other Companies, one of them being' the National Can Company of Detroit. Don't conflct that with the Nationa! Can Company of Maryland. The one at Detroit has no connection with any other Company. The Sales Manager from the Chi- cago office came to my office to see me. I thought he acted rather important. May be he did not intend to convey that impression; but when you consider the thing, what excuse was there for them to pay a certain commission lo the Association when they had all ths business and all the names of the bee- keepers that were buying cans? So I really expected opposition. He said, "Mr. Tyrrell — What security have j-ou?" I answered him — "Not u bit; the Association is not even incor- porated, but as a business proposition, you have to take chances. Here is an organization of bee-keepers of the United States. We expect to get orders direct to this office and turn them over to you. We believe our work for do- ing that is worth something to you, and you can afford to pay this Associa- tion a small commission. We are going to ask every member to send cash with order. That money will be deposited in Bank as soon as it gets here, and at the end of each month I want you to send me your bill for the business of the preceding month, and we will honor it." The gentleman did not think that he could take such chances on the bee- keepers of this association. However, when he left he said he w^as going to send me prices, and he agreed to have samples at my office for the Directors' meeting. The National Can Company did, the American did not;. so we did not have their goods to compare. The National Can Company were willing to take our orders and send the bills once a month. After the directors' meeting was over, and authority left in my hands to make the best arrangement I could, finally I got a letter from the Chicago^ Company that they had been delayed in getting the samples, and I wrote them back and told them I was sur- prised to get the letter; that whether the sales manager intended to do it or not he left with me the impression that they did not care for our busi- ness, and I had already made arrange- ments elsewhere. So I contracted with the National Can Company, of Detroit. That contract pays into the treasury of the National Association a very small commission, and although this is our first year, and we had no figures to base our prospective business on, and I thought we would do exceedingly well if we sold one thousand dollars worth — but our orders amounted to $2,717.04 to the time I left my office. We started to get something of the glass factory for our members. In a little while the factory wrote us that their company could not arrange to take care of small orders. So I made other arrangements, and I am sorrj- to say I have just received a letter from them that they don't want to handle our business. But I am going to try to get them to do it. I told them we did not know whether this business would pay them; but we could tell at the end of one j'ear what the amount of the business would be. Up to the time I left, -we handled $284.49 worth of glass packages, sold to our members. Samples are here for inspection. This makes a grand total of business we have done for you this year of $3,094.98. And when you consider that this is the first year we have done it, it is a mighty good showing. Now I would not dare to attempt to picture for you the future of this as- sociation as it appears to me because you would say — "Tyrrell, you are draw- ing the pictures too large." If you are thoroughly interested in the cause of the bee-keeper, you will agree with me that organized effort is the only way to accomplish the best 74 TWELFTH ANNUAL REPORT OP THE results, and proper organization means that you must have your central as- sociation made up of State Association, and your State Association must be composed in time of different societies throughout that state, all working to- gether for one grand accomplishment. I am going to read to 5'ou the pro- posed amendments: Proposed Amendments of the National Constitution. , That Article 1 be changed so the name shall designate the association as international in character. That Article 3 be amended so a Na- tional Branch may be' established with a lessi number of members than 25. That Article 4 be amended as fol- lows : Section 1. "Membership shall be ex- tended to any person interested in bee- keeping, and who is in accord with the purpose and aims' of this Association. This membership shall be obtainea through one of the National Branches." Section 2. The total membership fee and subscription to the official organ, "The Bee-Keepers' Review," shall be $1.50; fifty cents of which shall go into the fund of the local Branch treasury, and one dollar shall be sent the Na- tional Secretary for subscription. Membership in a National Branch con- stitutes membership in the National, and a subscription to the official organ, "Review", is not compulsory, although it is advisable in order that each member may receive all important notices published therein. Section 3. Membership shall begin at the time the membership fee is paid, and shall expire at the end of the time paid for, counting from date member- ship began. That Article 6 be amended as fol- lows: Section 1. The officers of this As- sociation shall be a President, Vice- President, Secretary and Treasurer. These officers shall be elected at each annual meeting of delegates and serve for one year, or until their successors are elected and qualified. 'Section 2. The President shall pre- side at each annual meeting of dele- gaJtes and at any special meeting which may be called. Sections 4 and 5 shall be changed to conform to the change in Section 1. That Article 7 be amended as fol- lows: Section 1. At each annual meeting of delegates in addition to the officers named in Article 6, there shall be elected a board of five directors. That Article 8 be amended as fol- lows: Section 2 shall be stricken from the constitution, and Section 3' inserted in its place. That Article 9 shall be as follows: Section 1. The Bee-Keepers' Re- view, a monthly publication, shall be published by this Association as its official organ. Section, 2. Notices and reports pub- lished in the official organ. The Bee- Keepers' Review, shall be considered ample and sufficient notice to the members, and it shall not be con- sidered necessary to end a written or printed notice in addition to the one published in the "Review." Articles 9 and 10 shall be changed to Articles 10 and 11 respectively. The delegates shall have power to change such other parts of the consti- tution as shall be deemed necessary after due and careful deliberation. Mr. Tyrrell — I think that is as far as I should take up your time. Pres. Dadant — In justice to you and the Bee-Keepers' Association here, I must say that Mr. Stone showed me a letter from Dr. B'ohrer, from Kansas. It will give you an idea of the objec- tions that are raised. Mr. Tyrrell — I do not blame the bee- keepers for bringing up objections; I don't criticize them at all, but if they will be patient it will all work out. Mr. Stone — When will the Conven- tion be held, Mr. Tyrrell? Mr. Tyrrell — It is in February; Feb- ruary 12th, 1913. (Mr. Stone reads letter from Dr. Bohrer.) "Lyons, Kans.. October 25, 1912. James A. Stone, Springfield, 111. Dear Sir: — I had hoped to be with you at the Illinois State Bee-Keepers' Annual meeting this year, but fliad that I can- not leave home. I, however, can send greetings to one and all who may be in attendance, and will also call attention tto the fact that I have been informed that the National Bee-Keepers' Association has adopted the Bee-Keepers' Review, a Journal once published by Mr. Hutchinson, as their official Journal. I may be entirely wrong, but I cannot see any benefit to be derived therefrom by the masses of the Bee-Keeping Fra- ternity, and it is not very likely to re- sult in any very great pecuniary benefit to the owner and publisher of the Re- view, for many bee-keepers are contented ILJLrlNOIS STATE BEE-KEEPERS' ASSOCIATION 75 to read other Journals and will not give Lhem up for any other. Yet if I have the correct object sought to be accomplished by having an official Jouma!, it is intended that official matter be published in that particular Journal without furnishing such matter to any other Journal. Now if there is any benefit to be de- rived from such official reports, all who are not readers of the Review are left out in the cold. My impression is that the Secretary of the Nactional Bee-Keepers' Associa- tion should furnish all our standard Bee Journals with a copy of all matter that the official Journal is reouired or expected to print. Please let it be understood that while I do not wish to agitate a question that will stir up discord among bee-keepers, I at the same time do not wish to see a measure adopted by the National Bee- Keepers' Association in the interest of the few to the exclusion of the many, nor in the interest of one particular periodical to the detriment of other bee periodicals. Now. friend Stone, if this letter is worth bringing to the notice of your State Association I hope you will call atten- tion to it, otherwise cast it aside. Most sincerely yours, G. BOHRER." Mr. Stone — If Dr. Bohrer could have heard friend Tyrrell's explanation, I believe he would have cancelled his letter. Mr. Tyrrell — I would say, in reply to that letter, that, from the understand- ing that the gentleman has, his objec- tions are well taken, and you will notice that he is under the impression that somebody else still owns the Re- view, and it does not belong to the Na- tional. It is not understood that the Review isi to supplant any other journal, but a great many things can be furnished the members of the National, through its paper, that cannot be given other journals. I would personally like to see the Review leave the field of other journals and be the offlcial organ of the National. We have in the August Review one page devoted to prices for members on tin and glass packages. I don't think any other journal would give us space for that information. There is a full page for the crop report. I doubt whether they would want to do that, and you can't blam-e them, but we ought to get that information to our members'. If we attempted to do this ■work, through circulars, it would cost lots of money; we can get it through the paper more cheaply, and better. Mr. Kildow — It is not free, is it? We have to pay one dollar for It. Mr. Tyrrell — You are getting the Re- view in return for the one dollar you pay for membership; the postal laws make it come in as a subscription, but strictly speaking it is not more than you paid before. Mr. Stone — You are really only pay- ing fifty cents — you pay one dollar to us but we only keep fifty cents. Mr. Baxter — ^Why do the postal authorities require this to come in as a subscription? Mr. Tyrrell — I don't know. Mr. Baxter — There are hundreds of thousands of Woodmen in the United States and each one gets the paper free. Mr. Tyrrell — They are entered under fraternal publications. We have no lodge system. If we could come in as a scientific or professional society we could do it, but as it is now we have to maintain that subscription list. Mr. Stone — The postal laws do not allow any paper to be given free. Mr. Tyrrell — Excepting fraternal, religious, strictly scientific, etc. But until last May, I think it was, the fra- ternal paper did not have the right to carry advertising. Now they have pass'ed a resolution where a fraternal paper can carry ad- vertising. WTien the delegates of the National get together, they may feel that the publishing of an official paper is a mis- take. If this is the opinion of the delegates, Vou will not find any one more willing to abide by the decision than I. I have the interest of this as- sociation at heart, to the extent that I would sacrifice a good deal, and I do, for that matter, right now — but that is another story. If your delegates think that this is not the thing to do, to have the Review as an official organ of the National, I shall do all I can to straighten out things, so that they will not have to continue its publication; that'" is saying quite a little. Pres. I>adant — We would like to have you inquire of Mr. Tyrrell any ques- tions that may suggest "themselves', to clear your minds. I think we are all in good faith, and I don't think there will be any trouble. Mr. "Vaughn — Does it cost one dollar and a half to belong to both associa- tions and get the paper? Mr. Tyrrell — One dollar and a half to belong to both, including the Re- view. 76 TWELFTH ANNUAL, REPORT OF THE Pres. Dadant — I want to emphasize one thing': The President of the State Associa- tion of Missouri, Mr. Rouse, wrote to the Bee Journal (we insert all com- munications we think of importance to Bee-Keepers), complaining that bee- keepers were not being accepted in the National as thy should; that the money was being returned. Mr. Rouse haa the wrong understanding. The mem- bers that joined the National from the district around Missouri had paid their one dollar and a half to the National and fifty cents of that had been re- turned to the Missouri Association as membership to secondary association, by the National. The National was recognizing the Missouri Association as the nucleus formed by states in thai direction and sending to them its share of those subscriptions. Mr. Stone has said to you that Mr. Tyrrell has returned to him more half dollars than the amount of dollars he has subscribed for. More people have sent one dollar and a half direct to the National, and fifty cents has been returned to this associa- tion, than have dollars been sent by Mr. Stone to the National. One thing that wasi muddled in my mind was how we could keep a man at one dollar and one at one dollar and a half, and have them both members of the National. If this thing goes through, the man who pays one dollar is still a member of the State Association, and becomes a member of the National, but he gets none of the information the National will impart. Undoubtedly we have the right to re- tain our members at one dollar; and the action you took yesterday in ac- cepting members at one dollar, of which nothing goes out of the state, is all right, and you can continue so to do; according to our decision yester- day, and the acknowledgment of Mr. Tyrrell. I believe we can compare our State Association and the National, to the State Legislature and the National Congress. The only difference, the State Legislature of Illinois recognizes no authority above itself to make laws, but, however, the Supreme Court may break their laws. "We must recognize the State Legis- lature above us because the State Legislature supplies us with certain sums every year, and, therefore, we must keep independent of every thing else — and as far as being a State As- sociation and retain our support by the State Legislature, we must be supreme as a State Association, but we can send, to the National, delegates as delegates are sent to the National Con- gress. Mr. Tyrrell — You have thirty-five thousand bee-keepers in Illinois, and only less than three hundred are mem- bers of this association. You take the Review, and go before your prospective .members, and say to them — "For one dollar and a half you get a membership in the local or State Association and in the National As- sociation and get the Bee-Keepers' Review — or you pay one dollar and you get membership in the State Associa- tion without the Review." You will get a great many more members with that proposition than you ever did be- fore when 5'ou had to hunt for a reason to give them for joining the association. The Review is bound to be working for subscribers, and it has to, irre- spective of the efforts of your State Association, and every subscriber it gets will be solicited for not only a sub- scription for the Review, but for mem- bership; it is bound to mean a greatly increased membership for the State Associations. Mr. Baxter — Your point is well taken. But there is something in addition. While this society must be supreme in itself, the state will not appropriate money for outside expenses. The State Horticultural Society re- ceives five thousand dollars and they have been using some money to pay delegates as we propose, and two years ago when I appeared before the Com- mittee on Appropriation, they threat- ened to cut out the appropriation; and told us if it occurred again they would cut it out. I don't see how you are going to get money to send delegates to the National. "" Mr. Tyrrell — Can it be paid out of your local fund? Mr. Baxter — Not large enough. Mr. Tyrrell — In every State there will certainly be one bee-keeper who will want to attend the Convention, wihether he is a delegate or not. If that man went, heretofore, he paid his own expenses. Why not elect that man as delegate and let him do the same as he did before? I hope the National Association will ILLINOIS STATE BEE-KEEPERS' ASSOCIATION 77 be able, in time, 'to take care of its delegates. It cannot do it now; but we don't know what this thing will lead to hereafter; we don't know into how large an organization this National will develop. Mr. Duby-f— How about a fifty cent subscription to the Review — would that make it so that the Review is self- supporting? • Mr. Tyrrell — I believe I can see the point Mr. Duby has in mind. I have thrashed the thing out for myself. The idea is to make a certain part for mem- bership and a paid for subscription; then you have a division of fees at the National Office, and they are bad things to explain to prospective members. We can change the laws, if we find we have to — and have a division of fees. If I could take each one of you and set you down at my desk for two weeks' time, and let you read the cor- respondence that comes" in, you would be very enthusiastic for the future of this organization. Mr. Baxter — I believe the principle is good, I have no doubt if it were con- scientiously carried out it would result in great benefit to the Bee-Keepers of the United States. I am an American citizen and I be- lieve in democracy and liberty, and I believe in representative Government, but only so far as it is controlled by the Initiative, Referendum and Recall. I know these ofiicial organs have been a menace to fraternal orders publishing them, and in some instances they have been of immense good to the men in charge. Take the Modern Woodmen, for in- stance: They have built up a kingdom, an aristocracy which divides the whole membership. Now ought this not to be hedged in In some way so that the members will have it working out to their individual advantage, and there be a means of caling a stop and bringing it back into the true course that was intended for it to pursue, if necessary? Mr. Tyrrell — These points are well taken. I can see no reason why at any time this publication shoul become a menace to the Society. The delegates, who are your representatives, could take steps to sell the publication to a disinterested party or do away with it. There is nothing there to 'perpetuate it only until such time as it is doing good for you. Pres, I>adant — Mr. France, who has done such faithful work as General Manager of the National, is with us, and we would like to hear from Mr. France. Mr. France — I don't believe I better take your time. Pres. Badant — We want to hear from you. I am sorry Mr. France will not speak. I feel that this thing which we are doing is a new thing. We imay make a failure. I believe if we are in earnest we should give it a fair trial. We are in an era of change, an era of Associa- tions. I, for one, am willing to give it a fair trial; but I hope that every one who has anything to ask will spring the question now. A member — Do you know of an as- sociation that has done more real good for its membership than the Modern Woodmen of America. It has given protection to its members at a low cost, it has been one of the means of creating an interest in the Wood- men; informing its members of what is being done, and one of the means of building up the Society; and do you know of a Society of any magnitude that is not the mouthpiece of the offi- cers through its publication? Mr. Stone — Mr. President and every- body who was here knew just the stan.l I took last year. I was opposed to every feature of it, and I was brought over just by the correspondence I have had with Mr. Tyrrell. I saw what was being done, and when fee after fee would come from Mr. Tyrrell to me for fifty cents per member, and that fee went into our association, and from men whom we never reached but who could not get into that Association without joining ours, too, and when I saw the working of things and under- stood it just as he has given it to us to understand, I didn't see how we could get along without it. If I pay him one dollar and a half, I am not bound to anything, I won't be hurt if it goes down, and I may be greatly benefited if it is a success. Just look at the benefits I receive: They give me a membership in the National, the Bee-Keepers' Review — and my membership in this Association, which gives me the reports of this meeting, and the Chicago Northwest- ern, and if any of these Branch Socie- 78 TWELFTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE ties wish to send in their reports, we will publish them. Mr. Roberts — I would like to ask a question: There are several of the members of the Eastern Illinois who would like to join this State Society but they don't want to he compelled to become members of the National. How shall we proceed to do it? Pres. Dadant — I believe that question has been answered. Mr. Roberts — I went to Mr. Pierce, — I said to him, "You might as well send your dollar." He said — "They have voted for a dollar and a half." I told him, "Yes, but I would risk it if I were you." "'No, I won't," he said, "you find out when you get there if we can get in for one dollar." Pres. Dadant — We voted yesterday to accept them for one dollar. Mr. Stone — Our amendemnt to the constitution was that v»e would accept affiliated members for fifty cents. Pres. Dadant — That is an indirect remittance; affiliated members coming through a branch association. Mr. Tyrrell — We are already acting on that same basis, you understand, according to a resolution passed by the directors. We are possibly stretching the constitution, but we believe the constitution is meant for the benefit of the association, and starting out, If we find that some things don't work out, ii: will be well to make some resolution covering that point until the next con- vention convenes, when the matter can be finally settled there. Mr. Stone — But the National has been better to us than we have been to them. If they send the National one dollar and a half, we get fifty cents. Mr. Vaughn — Do I understand that one dollar now enters you in both the State and the National? ' Pres. Dadant — Let me state it again: According to the resolution passed yesterday, the price to join our associa- tion is one dollar, same as formerly. When the National organized we de- cided that we would make it one dollar and a half and send one dollar to the National; that would give us fifty- cents. Yesterday the resolution was passed in answer to a question asked by our secretary, which was — "If a member sends me one dollar for membership, what shall I do with it?" Mr. Tyrrell now says: "We must have you all as members of the Na- tional, and you will be accepted whether you pay one dollar or not, but those who do not pay the dollar will not get the Review, which is the oflfi- cial organ of the National." They may be members of the Na- tional, but nothing will come to them. This is hardly legal, as it has not been acted upon by the constitution; but this will answer until it has been further acted upon. I was one of the committee who helped to form this constitution. Two proposed new constitutions were presented to us, and a committee was appointed, and we took the old con- stitution and those two new proposed constitutions, and selected what we thought best according to instructions of the National at Minneapolis. "We only had from four o'clock in the afternoon until nine the next morn- ing. We worked six hours, and we ought to have worked six days, on such an important thing. Therefore it is undoubtedly faulty. We are only mak- ing a trial, and we may fail, but if we make a trial, let us make it in good faith. We have a right to accept either one dollar or one dollar and a half, and make our members satisfied as mem- berg of this organization, and where they pay the larger sum, they will get all the benefits that the National can give. Mr. Vaughn — I don't understand — some pay one dollar and a half and do not get the paper. Mr. Tyrrell — The trouble is, with the postal authorities. We were obliged to protect the second class rate. Now to those who had paid in the. past, we cannot send that paper, but just as fast as your membership expires, we can. There are a whole, lot of Illinois people whose membership expires in December; if those people will pay their dues for the year, to Mr. Stone, we will send them tire Review 'from this day clear through 1913. That will cover all the new mem- bers. If you have paid your subscrip- tion to the Bee -Keepers' Review for the next year and are a member of this Association, that is all you have to do. If you have paid your subscription to the Bee-Keepers' Review and have paid your membership fee here, which would be fifty cents, under those condi- tions 3'ou are entitled to full National ILLINOIS STATE BEE-KEEPERS' ASSOCIATION 79 and Branch benefits as well as getting the Review. Mr. Baxter — I take exception to that ruling that you will become a member of the National and State Society. It is contrary to law. You cannot have two sets of members — one at one dol- lar and one at one dollar and a half. Mr. Tyrrell — You will not, Mr. Bax- ter. One is a membership fee and the other is subscription. Mr. Baxter — Do you mean a mem- bership fee of fifty cents is all that you require? Mr. Tyrrell — That is true. Mr. Baxter — Last fall when we met here Vi-e were notified that according to the Constitution of the National we had to pay one dollar and a half, a year, and at that time the publishing ond taking over of the Bee-Keepers' Review was not contemplated. Mr. Tyrrell — That is the idea. Mr. Baxter — ^By whom has it been changed ? Mr. Tyrrell — By the Directors in a resolution. The Constitution did not back them up in that, but the Constitu- tion is made for the benefit of the Association and not as an obstacle, and we wanted to give the member the Review, for one dollar and a half; we wanted to give him something that he could see for his dollar, — something which he did not have in the past. A member — And if he pays but one dollar he gets all the benefits of the National except the subscription to the Review? Mr. Tyrrell — We don't recognize him at the office, so far as keeping his name on the list, to recefve the benefits offered by the Association; we cannot do the same by him as though he were in, heart and soul. Mr. Baxter — You cannot make an ex- ception in that regard; if I pay you one dollar and am in trouble, you have got to help me as much as you do the member who pays you one dollar and a half. Mr. Tyrrell — Sure. Pres. Dadant — If you pay your dol- lar, with the understanding that you are not to be a member of the Na- tional, as it was stated here yesterday, I would like to know where your rights come in; you join the State Associa- tion and pay one dollar, but you are not to get the privileges of the Na- tional. Mr. Baxter— Mr. Tyrrell states you have all the privileges of the National. Pres. Dadant — Yes, he is giving them, but you have not right to them if you are not willing to pay the dollar and a half. Mr. Vaughn — They cannot be ex- pected to help us if we don't help them (the National). What was not quite clear in my mind: I was a member of both the State and the National, and I did not get the Review. But now I want to pay my dues for both the State and the National and get this paper, from now on. Mr. Witherow — I think the argument centers entirely around the fifty cents — and that Journal is worth fifty cents, and you run the risk of getting in- creased advantages that can be given from time to time by the National. Mr. Vaughn — I think it is the best thing that ever came across the pike. Pres. Dadant — I want to say some- thing about the postal laws. All of you probably know we took over the American Bee Journal in April, and I have some evidences of the government of the Post Office De- partment in regard to second class matter. The American Bee Journal was in existence long before second class matter existed. At that time we had to pay out heavy postage on our news- papers; now it is only a cent a pound. When I took over the paper, I had to put in an application, and they had rules to follow, and questions to answer, to many of which I could not reply. I did not want to swear to a lie; and was told to answer ,to the best of my knowledge. I showed our subscription list and subscription letters i^eceived and we were accepted: but if you could see the numbers of questions asked, you would understand that a new magazine, or a magazine changing hands, and changing the method of receiving subscriptions, would be very much handicapped by the requirements made under the pos- tal laws. Mr. Baxter — If there is nothing more on this qliestion, we have a resoultion to offer. Pres. Dadant — ^Is there any one else who wishes to ask questions upon the National? We want to satisfy every- body. Pres. Dadant — Do you wish to do «) TWELFTH ANNUAL. REPORT OF THE anything- in regard to this statement of Mr. Tyrrell — to take any action upon it? Mr. Stone — I move that we take ac- tion upon it by electing a delegate to the convention. Motion seconded. Mr. Baxter — "VYe are entitled to six or seven. Mr. Tyrrell — Xo, the constitution provides for one delegate from each branch, but each delegate has the right to vote according to the membership. If you give one full power in your as- sociation, it covers the point and saves expense. Mr. Baxter — I don't like that; -that is too much one man rule; practically Ave have but one vote there and one mind. Mr. Tyrrell — Suppose you elect Mr. Baxter and send him down and let him fight that. Mr. Vaughn — The delegate who is sent will undoubtedly be instructed by the association, and could we not In- struct one as well as six? And this would save expense. Mr. Baxter — How can you instruct him, when you don't know what is coming before the convention? Some modifications may came up in addition to j'our instructions. Mr. Stone — We want to recoinmend a man who we think will represent us and our interests. Mr. Tyrrell — Any proposed change can be made, if you care to, with refer- ence to delegates representing the different associations, at the conven- tion. Pres. Dadant — The question is whether we will elect a delegate to the National Convention for February— ^all in favor say aye; contrary no. Motion-i, carried. Pres. Dadant — We are open for nomi- nations. Mr. Tyrrell — Is this the first you have considered the election of delegates? Pres. Dadant — I think it is. Mr. Tyrrell — Is it not well to put it off until afternoon session? Mr. Kildow — I think we ought to think this over. Pres. Dadant — Then we will hear the resolution from Mr. Baxter. Whereas, The great State of Illinois, with its matchless resources, is appro- priating less money for Apiarian Ex- hibits at its State Fair than surrounding States -with much less wealth; and Whereas, An extensive and well selected and well arranged exhibit of Honey, Bees and Apiarian tools and supplies is one of the most interesting and the best patron- ized departments at the State Fair by the general public; and Whereas, Such an exhibit is of great educational advantage and a means of encouraging the pursuit of bee-keeping within the State which could add thou- sands of dollars to its wealth; therefore, be it Resolved, By the bee-keepers of the State cf Illinois, in convention assembled at Springfield this thirty-first day of October, 1912, that we ask the State Board of Agriculture to appropriate a sum, for premium on apiarian exhibits, commen- surate witn the greatness of the State, and somewhere equalling the sums ap- priated by the States of Minnesota and Wisconsin; be it further Resolved, That we ask the State Fair Management to offer a first, second, third and fourth premium on every article for which a premium is offered, excepting handling bees in cages, and that we ask that at least two premiums be offered for it, viz.: a first and second. Motion that the resolution be adopted as read, seconded and carried. Pres. Dadant — The state of Minne- sota appropriated $1,162 for the Bee- Keepers' exhibit; Wisconsin increased to $500 last year by the suggestion of the State Association. I believe Illi- nois ought to give as much as Minne- sota or at least as much as Wisconsin, or more; I think Illinois gave $400. Pres. Dadant — Now, gentlemen, we are ready for the election of officers. I decline to be re-elected. Since the la,st election I have become the editor of the American Bee Journal; I am a dealer in bee supplies, and I have heard some criticism. There are plenty of good men in Illi- nois, and there is no reason for me to remain in office. I have been Vice-President and Presi- dent of the National and Vice-President and President of this association, and although I love to preside at the meet- ings, I would prefer to have somebody else in the place. It will give me an ' opportunity to discuss questions. I will attend the meeting, and • if you happen to lack a presiding officer, I will be glad to serve you. Mr. Stone — Mr. President, I move that we distribute the ballots and let everybody vote for whomever they please for president. Mr. Kildow — I believe that by nomi- nation will be better. I want to put in nomination my old friend, Mr. Baxter. He has stood by us all the way through. I move you his nomination for the presidency. ILLINOIS STATE BEE-KEEPERS' ASSOCIATION 81 Mr. Duby — I move that the nomina- tions be closed. Mr. Baxter — I would rather not close the nomination. I may not be here. Mr. Vaughn — I nominate brother Dadant. Pres. Dadant — I will not accept, thank you. Mr. Stone — I second Mr. Dadant's nomination. Pres. Dadant — I reallj^ mean what I said. Mr. Kildow — Mr. President, I move you that the secretary cast the ballot of this Association for Mr. Baxter for President the coming- year. Motion seconded and unanimously carried. Mr. E. J. Baxter, President. Pres. Dadant — The next is the nomi- nation of Ave Vice-Presidents. Mr. Stone — I think the rule for the election of Vice-Presidents is that each member write down five names; the highest numbers to get the offices in the order — according to the number of votes received. Pres. Dadant — I appoint Messrs. Cop- pin and Roberts as tellers. Mr. Duby — I would suggest that we take some steps to nominate men from different parts of the State. Pres. Dadant — I think that by calling attention of the members to this, they will vote for men in different parts of the State; it is not likely that two men in the same neighborhood will be elected. Mr. Moore — I would suggest Mr. I. E. Pyles as one. Pres. Dadant — I nominate Mr. Duby. Ballots were cast and the following were elected as Vice-Presidents for the coming year (1913): Messrs. Moore, Duby, Coppin, With- erow, Pyles. Pres. Dadant — The next in order is the election of Secretary, what is your w'ish in the matter? Mr. Coppin — I nominate Mr. Stone. Mr. Witherow — I move you that the President cast the ballot of this Associa- tion for Mr. James A. Stone for Secre- tary. Seconded and carried — Mr. James A. Stone elected Secretary. A member — For Treasurer I nomin- ate Mr. Charles Becker. Nomination seconded — Mr. Charles Becker declared elected. Pres. Dadant — Gentlemen, you still —6 have a delegate to elect, to the Na- tional. A member — I move the nomination of Mr. C. P. Dadant as delegate. Pres. Dadant — I feel very much hon- ored but I would like to see other nominations for that office. I believe it is all right for me to nominate Mr. Baxter. Mr. Baxter — I would rather see Mr. Dadant made delegate; I don't believe I could go. I believe Mr. Dadant would be the choice of every member of this Association; I think he is the man to go. A member — Mr. President, I move that the Secretary be authorized to cast the ballot for Mr. C. P. Dadant. The new President put the motion, the ballot was cast and Mr. C. P. Dadant elected delegate to the Na- tional. Mr. Baxter — Gentlemen, I wish to move a vote of thanks to Mr. Tyrrell for the able explanation of the aims and purposes of the National which he has given us. Motion seconded and carried. Mr. Baxter — Mr. France has given us more information worth more to us than the cost of our trip. I move that a vote of thanks be tendered him for the valuable talk he gave us last night; I got lots of good from it and I think the rest did. Motion seconded and carried. Mr. Duby — I was elected Second Vice- President of this Association, which I did net expect: I feel honored to have the nomination and I hope I shall be worthy of your confidence. "We expect to hold a Convention this winter and we invite you; I hope some of you can and will come. We will try and add to the membership of the State Association, and I hope that others will do the same. I am heartily in favor of co- operation; by all working together and trying to induce new members to join this Association, we can benefit the whole State very much. Therefore I am willing to do all I can, and even if it is not much it may be worth something anyway. I thank you for your kindness. i Pres. Dadant — You have heard Mr. Duby's invitation to come over and visit the bee-keepers in his part of the State. I want to tell you that they know how to treat their visitors, and 82 TWELFTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE you gain something- both in pleasure and in information, because Mr, Duby is quite a bee-keeper, and there are a number of bee-keepers around there, although some of them are not in- formed as is Mr. Duby. I believe that an interchange of ideas with these men in the East will be beneficial to every one of us, and I hope there will be more visiting among bee -keepers: Mr. Duby — St. Anne is not easily reached; it takes about twelve hours to get there from here. Mr. Baxter — Why could we not get the co-operation of the State Farmers' Institute? Why could we not have a man there to talk on Bee-Keepers' sup- plies in the various Counties, and as- certain the number of bee-keepers in the County and the extent of the api- aries and the success of the apiarists, the possibility of diseases, etc.? It seems to me that through them we could get a lot of information and could get them interested in the State As- sociation. Pres. Dadant— Do you wish to take any steps toward this end at this meet- ing? Mr. Baxter — I believe it would be a good thing for the Executive Commit- tee to work along those lines this winter, or whenever they have the op- portunity. It is too late now, for this year, but they may be able to report some prac- tical plan for next year, or have it inaugurated if they see a way of doing it. I think it would be a good idea to have the Executive Committee look into this matter, and if they can ar- range plans without cost in the society for organizing this work, that they be empowered to organize it. Pres. Dadant — I believe it is a good suggestion. It would, be a very good thing to use some of our state funds for that purpose. We can pay the traveling expenses of a man who works in the interest of bee culture. ' Maybe the Farmers' Institute would do something toward a lecture on that subject. If a good bee-keeper was to go to the Farmers' Institute and talk about the diseases of bees and what the State Association has been doing, in- stead of getting opposition when our inspector goes into a place to inspect, if the man knew it was recommended by the Farmers' Institute it would have an entirely different result. Mr. Duby — We have done a little work in our part of the state, in Kankakee and Vermilion Counties, and I think it can be done all over the state, if only one or two bee-keepers in different localities' would go to the secretary of these Farmers' Institutes and see what can be done. Mr. Vaughn — We have not decided on our next meeting. I have heard some complaint about the day; that if it had been later, they could have spared the time better. Pres. Dadant — We have the best at- tended meeting we ever had. What is your wish, gentlemen, in regard to this matter? We are open to suggestions. Mr. Kildow — I suggest we do not have it later in the season than now. I thought it would be a little earlier than this. I think this season of the year is better; from the fifteenth to the twentieth of this month (October) than any -Other time of the year. I would prefer to have it, if anything, a week earlier than this, the same month. Pres. Dadant — Will you make a mo- tion? Mr. Baxter — I believe, as President, I become one of the Executive Com- mittee; therefore I don't like to leave it to the Executive Committee; I think it would be well to convene about this timic, or the first of November. There are many people who cannot attend earlier. It would be a mistake to have it earlier. November is the month when people are at libertj' to travel around and take a little recreation, but not in October. Pres. Dadant — It is well enough in this connection to state that last year there was complaint made of having the meeting at the same time as large meetings, such as the Odd Fellows. We took a vote of our members, and found there was jiot a single one who was desirous of having the meeting at the sdme time as the Odd Fellows; a member could not attend both, and it" made it inconvenient at the hotels to secure accommodation. This time there are no other con- ventions; the hotels and restaurants are open, and we can get accommoda- tions cheaper and better than we other- wise could. I believe it is better to hold this con- vention when there are not other large /^ ILLINOIS STATE BEE-KEEPERS' ASSOCIATION 83 conventions held in the city; it is, however, for you to decide whether you wish it that way. Mr, Stone — The greatest inconveni- ence with the secretary is postponing until after the fair the giving of notices of our meeting; the notice of this meet- ing should go in the month's paper be- fore the convention came off; this year, it being earlier than com'mon, Mr. Dadant had to remind me of the notice we were going to put in the Bee /Journal, Mr. Tyrrell didn't happen to be informed. He thought I would notify them, so he did not have any notice, and it was just because it had been put off till after our busy time of the fair. Pres. Dadant — What is your sugges- tion? Mr. Moore — I made a strong flght a 5"ear ago to have it at an earlier date; any time between the fifteenth of Oc- tober and the last of the month, rather than in November, and I ' think that along the latter part of October would be the best for the majority of bee- keepers. It is a more pleasant season of the year to travel and visit. Mr. Stone — M:;. Bowen is on the pro- gram. Mr. Bowen, of Jacksonville, is not here because he has a big apple crop, and if we had as big an apple crop as we have some years, I could not be here if you paid me twenty -five dollars a day. Mr. Baxter — I would suggest the first or second week in November as the latest or earliest dates. Mr. Tyrrell — Pardon me, but I can't help notice the difference of argument here and in Michigan. Last year we had the convention, in November, I believe; and we had a lot of opposition because our conven- tion was too early. This year it is held in December. A good many bee-keepers we found had not finished getting their bees packed for winter; and as I saw these great corn fields — the thought; came to me — How many bee-keepers had corn fields they would have to leave to go to conventions. Conditions are different here from Michigan. Mr. Moore moves to leave the matter with the Executive Committee. Motion seconded and carried. Pres. Dadant — ^Tou have been a very well behaved meeting. "We had one motion on which you voted both ways; every other vote was unanimous. Mr. Stone — I make a motion that we offer a permium or a reward of five, four, three and two dollars to the writers of papers to be read at this convention, without any arguments or criticisms on the papers; each to be read by the writers of the papers, and after they are all read, then decide which is first, and so on, by vote of the members; according to the merit of the paper. I believe we can get a pro- gram in no better way. Pres. Dadant — That is Wisconsin's way; the only difference being that judges are appointed. Mr. Stone — I would not like to be a judge. It is very embarrassing for a man who judges; it might create hard feeling, and if it is left with the as- sociation to vote upon it, the members cannot complain about anybody, Mr. Baxter — I move, in addition, that the vote be by ballot. Pres. Dadant — It would have to be. Mr. Duby— There ought to be a con- dition as to the length of the article, nor more than two hundred words. Pres. Dadant — Two hundred words would be very short. Mr. Stone — Limit them to five hun- dred words. Mr. Kildow — Will the finances stand that? Pres. Dadant— That premium can be given from, the State fund. Mr. Stone — That is very plainly for the good of the convention. Mr. Dubj^ — None of us older men would care to write an essay. This should be left to our children. I have a boy and I would be willing to bring him; it would interest my boy on the question, and I would naturally help him, and he would take an interest; that might be the stepping stone for him later on. I have in view to interest the younger folks. I am surprised that we did not have more younger men and women here. Pres. Dadant — Tou don't mean to suggest that we want essays from chil- dren? A member — Yes, young men, fifteen or twenty. Mr. Baxter — We want essays from practical bee-keepers. I move an amendment to the motion; that it be limited to not over five hun- dred words. Mr. Witherow — ^It is not always the longest story that is best. 84 TWELFTH ANNUAL, REPORT OP THE Pres. Dadant — The only point is to make a limit. Motion as amended carried. Mr. Baxter — Now the question arise?, is this in lieu of the present method of paying- the traveling expenses of the essayist or in addition? Mr. Stone — Not added to it. I be- lieve it would be a misitake to make too many resolutions and embarrass the Executive Committee. Let that be left with the Executive Committee. Pres. Dadant — We are ready to hear from Mr. Tyrrell. Mr. Tyrrell — Some of the members took an interest in the glass packages and asked me prices on them. These are the articles — the glass packages that are handled by the Na- tional Association at the present time. This is jar No. 50 (holding same) ; it is supposed to hold only one pound of honey. I think it is a little more than that if 3'Ou fill it up full. That jar will cost you, packed in corrugated papers — three dollars and sixty cents per gross; packed in crates, three dollars and ten cents per gross. These jars have paper lining in the caps to prevent leaking. Jar No. 51 holds two-thirds of a pound of honey; eight ounce capacity water measure. Packed in paper, cases of two dozen each, three dollars anct fifty cents per gross. In crates of one gross, each three dollars per gross. This jelly glass, holding one-half pound of honey, tin top, known as No. 52 Jelly, packed in two dozen paper, cost two dollars and forty cents per gross, and in barrels, holding twenty-'five dozen each, includ- ing the barrel, $3.75, just fifteen cents a dozen. This package (showing the Queen Jelly) is exactly the same price. These prices are all f. o. b.. Columbus. Ohio, freight added to them. I don't know how long I will be able to furnish those in small quantities. I will try and give them to you the rest of the year. Then if it is really neces- sary we can meet the conditions by ordering a certain number and having them sent to Detroit and re-ship them, but I do not know about the price. There is one thing in my explanation of the National work I forgot to men- tion. That is, what we are doing in the way of finding honey markets. Some bee-keepers will tell us that there is nothing needed in the way of finding markets for the bee-keepers' honey; that you can sell all the honey you produce. That is true to a certain extent, but if you follow that back you will find that the men who can sell all the honey they produce are the men who have in a measure learned the secret of sell- ing— have worked up a retail trade; taut even those fellows are unconscious- ly affected by the prices that their neighbor producer gets for honey, and you and I are vitally interested in what everybody gets for his honey. I want to give you two illustrations that have come to me: One man in Minnesota wrote me that he had some comb honey for sale; and he wanted to sell it at the highest price. I referred him to a man in Indian- apolis who wanted to buy comb honey. Later I got a letter from the Min- nesota man, that the man in Indian- apolis had offered him only fourteen cents a pound for comb honej-, deliv- ered in Indianapolis; and that he was also offered fourteen cents for that honey, f. o. b. Chicago. Another instance: In the city of Detroit I found a ship- ment of honey that had been bought from some one in Wisconsin and sent to Cincinnati and re-shipped to Detroit, and sold f. o. ta. Detroit at sixteen cents a pound for a first class article of comb honey, and yet I am advising that bee-keepers ask sixteen cents a pound for comb honey f. o. b. their station and they are getting it, in the State of Michigan, at least. Now these two illustrations will tend to show you that if we can get the pro- ducer and the buyer closer together so that some of this extra expense be cut out, it cannot help but raise the price to the producer, and that will sooii affect the price tp you and me. j Buyers are coming more to me now than on the start and wanting to know where they can get such and such an article of honey; some want a first class article of clover honey, extracted; others want comb honey, and I have put those fellows in touch with men who have exactly what they want. One man in the Northern part of the State of Michigan wrote me that he had such and such honey for sale, and bj^ almost the same mail a letter ILLINOIS STATE BEE-KEEPERS' ASSOCIATION tb was sent me, from away up in the upper peninsula from a man who wanted to buy honey, and he was will- ing to pay nine cents f. o. b. the pro- ducing- station for the honey he wanted. I wrote to both of these men, and they got together; samples were sent, and the man in the Northern peninsula, not knowing the producer, sent the cheque for the honey to me to be held until the honey was sent to him by the producer; and this made a safe method, providing I was honest in the transaction. A man in Kansas City writes me that he wants sweet clover honey from the West; I could not furnish it. Another man in Massachussetts wants honey from even as far West as Cali- fornia. One shipment of honey was sent from the State of Illinois, to a re- sponsible buyer in the City of Detroit. That man wrote me that he had such and such honey; I gave him the name of a buyer and told him this man was entirely responsible. He said he had No. 1 fancy grade. That honey was shipped to the buyer in Detroit, and he refused it. I am sorry to say the man was off on his grading. He had used sections that had probably been used before. It is clear they were not properly cleaned; and the honey was all bulged out on the sides; he had used old shipping cases, so ,fhat the buyer, for the trade he wanted to supply, could not use the honey. I say there is need in the National Association of trying to help the pro- ducer, in advising him how to grade his honey, and what the markets de- mand. So far I have been well pleased with the result of the little effort Ave have made in this direction and what we have been able to do. T wish I could tell you what can be done along that line. Pres. Dadant — At a meeting at Los Angeles, California, a number of years ago, an attempt was made to organize the bee-keepers for the sale of honey. California people have shown what can be done, and have given a good ex- ample in the Citrus Fruit Assciation. Oranges' in California were a drug on the market until they advertised to sell them all over the World and the Fruit Association took a hand in the situation. Bee-keepers who produce large crops thought t:ie National could do th» same thing that the citrus fruit peo- ple were doing with their fruits; but the trouble is our Eastern states were not ready for it. I believe that is the future of the National — to sell honey. We could not do any good because the Eastern States were not organized. We were only a committee of three, and one man of the three got angry when we could do nothing. He had all around him people with tons and tons of honey ready to put on the market, and we had in the East bee- keepers j producing irregular crops, and selling- i it more readily, and unwilling to put any money into a co-operative association. I believe the future of the National is more especially in the disposing of the bee-keepers' honey. Mr. Tyrrell — The little effort I have made thisf year shows the possibilities for the future of the National greater than I have ever seen it before, and I hope that next year we will have an advertisement in the trade publications, which will go before the wholesale drug houses and commission houses and grocery stores, and men who are the real wholesale buyers of honey; then in having a list of the producers, and what they have, I cannot see why we cannot get the producer and the buyer together and sell to a very great extent. Pres. Dadant — Any other remarks, resolutions or suggestions? Mr. Stone — I want to announce that we have with us our junior member — - this boy seven years old is a imember of our Association — Wilbur Witherow. At 12:30 p. m., the Convention ad- journed to meet at the call of the Executive Committee. Decided to be November 5, 6, 1913. 86 TWELFTH ANNUAL. REPORT OF THE a o W cd O o J3 C oi ■a a Q 0.1 C o m cd 1-5 c o h4 ^- = W o n > 6 o t" h: cs M "O ffi ' '"^ ^ o * Dh-I o I "O t- o > £ ||«^;§§ -wCQ S'-i'C'^J m ° '^ Hi aj Q •X. fi U ILLINOIS STATE BEE-KEEPERS' ASSOCIATION 87 THE 33d annual CONVENTION OF THE Chicago-Northwestern Bee-Keepers* Association HEI-D AT THE Great Northern Hotel, Chicago, December 19 and 20, 1912, was called to order at 10:30 a. m., December 19th; the President, Mr. George W. York, being- alDsent, Mr. Ja- cob Huffman, Vice-President, took the chair. Pres. Huffman — I will say in the be- ginning— this is unexpected to me, as being Vice-President of your associa- tion. Last year, while at the Convention, nothing would do but to elect me Vice- President. I objected; if I had known this, I would have resigned, but I am with you today, and I will do the best I can. The first thing in order, I presume, will be the reading of last year's min- utes; we will now listen to the reading of the minutes. The Secretarj% Mr. L. C. Dadant, then read the minutes. Pres. Huffman — You have listened to the reading of the minutes — are there any corrections? If not, they will stand approved as read. Pres. Huffman — The next thing in order will be the Secretary's Report; inasmuch as he is the Treasurer, also, we might as well combine the two; he can give both reports at the same time. The Treasurer, Mr. Dadant, then read the Treasurer's Report: Balance due Treasurer . . .$ 4.26 Postage and sitationery . . 20.70 Paid to National and State associations 51.50 Received from members .$74.50 Balance due Treasurer . . 1.96 $76.46 $76.46 We are just one dollar and ninety- six cents in the hole. Last year, if you will remember, there came up the question of whether the State Associa- tion should pay our expenses, and at that time Mr. Stone said they would. No action was taken at that time, and I did not feel at liberty to call on the State Treasurer for the amount of our postage and printing, without the en- dorsement of this Association. There would be, then, about twenty dollars for postage and printing and post cards, which we ean get from the State Association if our Association sees fit to ask for it, and we would ■be therefore ahead about nineteen dollars instead of behind one dollar. Pres. Huffman — Do I understand you to say we could get this year's postage and all, if we would ask for it? Mr. Dadant — Mr. Stone said last year that as long as we had affiliated w-ith the State Association, he saw no rea- son why we could not get our pay for postage and stationery from the State Association; they had abundant appro- priation in their Treasury. There was no action taken as to whether we should ask for it, and I did not feel at liberty to call on the State Treasurer for the amount; personally, I know that the State Treasury of the State Asso- ciation has ample funds, and there is no reason why we should not have it as long as we pay in fifty cents per mem- ber to that Association, and we are a part of the State Association. Pres. Huffman — Right along that line, as our secretary has said, you peo- ple think that over and if you want to ask for this you can do so — and now we will get to the report; we have 88 TWELFTH ANNUAL, REPORT OP THE JACOB HUFFMAN. Vice-President of Chicago-Northwestern Bee-Keepers' Association. LOUIS C. DADANT, Secretary Chicago-Northwestern Bee-Keopers' Association. ILLINOIS STATE BEE-KEEPERS' ASSOCIATION 89 heard the Secretary's report. What is your pleasure? Are there any correc- tions to the report as read? If not it will stand approved. Pres. Huffman — Now what is the next thing in order? Mr. Dadant — The President's ad- dress. Pres. Huffman — President York is not present, so that the next thing in order is the program. It appears there has not been any of the papers handed to the Secretary. Is there any report from any of the committees, or are any committees out from last year? The Secretary might run over his minutes and find out. Mr. Dadant — I don't remember of any committees being out. Pres. Huffman — The next thing in order will be the appointment of some one as tellers for the Question Box. We will start that rolling and see if we can get something in here for discus- sion. I -will appoint Mr. Pyles and the gentleman sitting beside him, Mr. Stockdale. Mr. John C. Bull is here, we would like to ask if he is ready to read his paper or give us a talk. Mr. Dadant — In asking for papers, I asked Mr. Bull to send in a paper or give us a tik. Mr. Bull is a good talker, and we would like to have him talk to us. Pres. Huffman — The subject of his paper is — WHICH IS PREFERABLE AND IWHY? BEE-KEEPING AS A BUSI- NESS OR HONEY SELLING AS A BUSINEJSe ? Mr. Bull — That is a pretty hard question to answer; now the two work together to the best advantage, for the simple reason you cannot keep bees in winter and you can't sell honey in the summer time. You might divide the year in half; take six months for bee-keeping and six months for selling; it works much better; October to April for selling hon- ey, and from April to October for keep- ing bees; that would work to the best advantage. Mr. Dadant — What I wanted to bring out there is this, whether there is more money in raising your honey or more money in selling it. Mr, Bull — That depends on the lo- cality and the year; one year works best one way and one another; when you have a big crop of honey and fruit, it is best to produce honey; when you have a small crop of honey and a small crop of fruit it is best to sell honey. One year might be as good for sell- ing honey as the next one, and the same way as to keeping bees. Mr. Dadant — How much difference in selling honey? Mr. Bull — I have not had enough j'ears' experience to tell; I guess it is a toss-up. Pres. Huffman — I suppose, too, in regard to the selling of honey, that depends on the buying; if you can buy it cheap enough you can do fairly well in selling it; but as a rule all bee- keepers have not hdney to sell and they don't like to sell it cheap, and that does not give the man who buys honey to retail it a good chance for specula- tion. Mr. Dadant — Mr. Bull has had con- siderable experience' and is a pretty good seller. I brought this question up so that he might gise us light, es- pecially to the new- members, knowing that he gets as good prices and sells as much honey as almost any member we have. Pres. Huffman — It would be well, if he would care to give it, to give us his plan of selling; and that will give us a start in knowing how to do it; w'e might learn something through hearing of his way of selling; possibly it may be the same as he gave us last year, and we have read the last year's re- port; but there are some here who have not heard it, and it would be new to them, and it would be new to me be- cause I did not retain the information that I heard him give last year. Mr. Bull — I work under the same plan followed last year; I sell five and ten pound friction top cans direct to the consumer; I take orders at the houses and deliver them two weeks later; I carry a sample of honey with me when I take the order, and give a sample to the buyer or the prospect- ive buyer, Pres. Huffman — Do you as a rule sell it melted or granulated? Mr. Bull— Melted; all of it. Pres. Huffman — I would like to ask — JIsow many could sell more honey than they produce? You who could sell more honey than you produce — hold up your right hand and let us see. Pres. Huffman — There are five. Pres. Huffman — How many do not 90 TWELFTH ANNUAL. REPORT OF THE find a market for all of your honey? I guess there are not any; they all dis- pose of it. Mr. Pyles^ — I have something' like five hundred pounds of extracted hon- ey, produced last year; I did not vote on the question asked. A man can find a market for all that he can sell and some more, but it depends on the price you want. You can sell it for some kind of a price. This matter is something that you have got to take the locality into consideration. In the Southern part of Illinois, they sell all their honey at one price, twenty cents a pound, extracted and comb honey, and they cannot produce as much as they can consume Now it would be profitable, perhaps, for those people to go into the selling of honey, some of them at least, not for everybody, because they would be all sellers and no consumers. Each one would be buying from the wholesaler. At that price, twenty cents, there is something in the selling of honey, buy- ing it at wholesale and retailing it. It does not make any difference what kind of honey it is. I have seen pure honey-dew sold in sections in the southern part of the state of Ilinois at twenty cents. You must take into con- sideration at all times the locality. What might be beneficial for peo- ple in the selling of honey in Chicago or Peoria, might not be practical forty or fifty miles from Peoria. We produce a good deal of honey at our place; we wholesale all of our hon- ey. We cannot afford to go to Pe- oria to retail it. There are men work- ing on the streets of Peoria all the time, selling honey. We sell our honey to a commission man and he finds a market himself; that is the practical way for us to dispose of our honey; I work with Mr. Kildow. Pres. Huffman — Has any one else anything to say on this subject? I think Mr. Pyles' statement is correct; it all depends on the locality, as to what 50U can get for it and what you have to pay for it in regard to the re- tailing of honey. We have a question in the Question Box: Melting Honey. Would it be best to melt honey be- fore selling honey at wholesale? Pres. Huffman — Do you think it is best for the retailer to melt his honey? I sell all of mine, granulated. A Member — I do not wish to handle honey that has 'been melted by any one else. I would rather melt it and sell it; nothing but the melted for me. Mr. Pyles — 'Another question that comes right along there: If you buy hone J', granulated, that would be evi- dence it is pure — is that the fact of the case ? That is a statement that has been made. Pres. Huffman — It is so considered. Pres. Huffman — Any one else any- thing to say along this line? We have Mr. Baldridge, of St. Charles, Illinois, name before us for a paper on "Our Most Consistent Honey Producing Plants." Mr. Baldridge — I was requested to prepare something on the subject but I have not done so. Pres. Huffman — Perhaps you can give us a talk along the line of the subject — "Our Most Consistent Honey Producing Plants." Mr. Baldridge — There are two or three plants. I should place at the head of them alsika clover because everybody — that is nearly every farmer — is willing to grow alsike clover. Sweet clover will produce more honey to the acre, but the trouble is to get the farmer to grow it; especially in the north. In some parts of Mississippi^ and Alabama sweet clover is grown as a farm crop. Some grow it with oats for hay. The second crop the second year is harvested for seed. C>ats and sweet clover cured as hay brings as high a price in the south as alfalfa hay. I heard a man say a few days ago — Mr. Joseph W^ing, of Mechanicsburg, Ohio, who is well known as an expert in growing alfalfa, that he considered sweet clover hay equal to alfalfa hay. No one called upon him to speak further on that subject, but I heard him make that statement as a Farmers' Institute. If it is cut at the right stage and cured as it should be, it is worth as much. Alfalfa is w^orth nothing if you let it get dead ripe; that is, not worth much for hay. I was once on a farm in Mis- sissippi, near Prairie Station, where I saw nearly one hundred acres of sweet clover and it was being cut for hay while I was there. They simply let it wilt, and did not try to cure it. The next day or so after being cut they drew it to the barn and put it in the same as people would put clover on ILLINOIS STATE BEE-KEEPERS' ASSOCIATION 9i corn stalks into a silo, and they let it cure in that way. They said that it would come out in fine condition during the winter; 'but it must not be disturbed after it is put into the barn during the curing process. They could grow alfalfa, red clover and alsike, but they preferred the sweet clover. The second year when it produces seed they oould readily sell the crop of seed, and then plow the land and put it in cotton, which kept enriching the land all the time. I presume they are keeping that system of farming up even now. That was about 1890 when I saw sweet clover growing on that farm. It was made a regular barn crop in that coun- try; the farmers use it for both pastur- age and hay. I introduced alsike clover in northern Illinois about the time of the Civil War; a little after the war. I harvested seven acres the first year after seeding and I got fourteen hundred pounds of seed from the seven acres. I paid one dollar a pound for the seed at whole- sale; and I sold it at from one dollar to a dollar and a half per .pound. It was selling in many places as high as two dollars per pound at that time. It was several years before the farmers found out that it was good for pastur- age and hay. Now all the dairy farm- ers in Kane County where I live are sowing alsike clover on their farms. There are thousands of acres of alsike clover all over that country being grown for pasturage and for hay. Pres. Huffman — I would like to ask Mr. iBialdridge if he considers alfalfa a good honey growing plant in this sec- tion of the country. Mr. Baldridge — •! never saw bees on alfalfa in our section of the coyntry, Pres. Huffman — Do you think it is a fact that farmers cut it too early, before it is in bloom, and; that the bees do not have a chance to work on it, or that there is no honey in it? Mr. Baldridge — I have seen it in full bloom and no bees on it, and in differ- ent soil, ten or fifteen miles from there, the hees were gathering honey freely on buckwheat; I think it is the soil. Mr. Pyles — I do not feel that I ought to talk on every question that comes up, but I have had some experience and have made some observation. We have been taught for years that no honey 'was secured from alfalfa east of the Mississippi river. In the souvhern part of the state — take it around the neighborhood of Jasper County, they have a peculiar soil; down at the bottom it is sand and there is more or less water. They have a great deal of alfalfa growing in that section of the country. In that country they tell me there were good crops of honey from alfalfa; but T;\-hen; it is sown on the . high land and heavy soil, there is no honey produced at all; the bees don't pay any attention to it; it is down in those bottoms where they have sand and moisture or water a proper depth below, where you will find that the bees work on it. Mr. Kneser — In the j'ear 1908 the bees worked considerable on alfalfa, about thirty miles from here, but since then I have not noticed any. Mr. Cavanagh — I would like to ask the nature of the soil above the low- lands; was there any lime? Alkali soil, was it? Mr. Kneser — I think so. Mr. Cavanagh — ^A neighbor of mine sowed alfalfa purposely for the hees, but no bees will ever go on the alfalfa blossom-s; I never saw any bees on them yet. Pres. Huffman — ^Do you think that lime would help them out? Mr. Cavanagh — I don't know; I never tried it. Mr. Pyles — That brings out an idea that should be emphasized. In the west, where they grow alfalfa, it is a semi-arid country; where the alfalfa is grown down in these bottoms, they have every condition favorable to pro- ducing honey; the alfalfa is a deep- rooted plant and it goes down until it gets the water, if it happens to be a dry season for a year or two, they have the same condition as in the far west, and you can get a crop of honey where you get enough warmth. Pres. Huffman — I believe that is so. Are there any other honey plants worth speaking of? Are there any other plants that are worth the growing or cultivating? . These things are in- teresting to bee-fceepers, and it is get- ting to a time where we have got to do something to get honey plants. I would endorse what Mr. Baldridge says in regard to alsike clover; I know that to be A No. 1. Mr. Cavanagh — Tellow^ sweet clover is, too. Pres. Huffman — Some advocate that. 92 TWELFTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE but most of the. articles written for the Bee Journals advocate white sweet clover- Pres. Huffman — ^Anything further on this subject? Has any one had any experience with buckwhekt? Mr. Stuebing — I have about fifteen acres of buckwheat in front of my hives, and all the time I used it there was not a single bee on the buckwheat; it had nice blossoms; it was eight or nine inches high, and I never saw a single bee on those blossoms; it was located right in front of the hives. I would like to know how that is; there was not a single bee on the buckAvheat this year. Pres. Huffman — Along this line, I would like to ask a question, for the consideration of you bee-keepers. Would you consider it advisaJble to cultivate or try to raise heartsease? I have seen it growing abundantly in the lowlands, and a big crop of honey was produced from it. We might take up something like that when our honey producing plants become scarce — take up the growing of heartsease. Mr. Pyles — Through the greater part of Illinois it does not require any effort to raise heartsease. In the southern part of the state the land is very poor. In the fore-part of the season they have great quantities of heartsease, and then just off the land that is not covered with heartsease they have acres and thousands of acres growing the Spanish needle; the land is so poor it will not grow anything else, but it grows a crop of honey. If I were going anj-where to go into the bee business other than where I am now, I would go into the southern part of Illinois; thej? have the population and they have the honey plant. They have an aster that grows wild there all over the hillside and everywhere else. That 'produces a great crop of honey; they produce a great crop of honey on some of those hills: they have white clover in the early part of the season, and then fol- lows heartsease and the Spanish needle and the aster — 'and the land is cheap. The market for honey is very good; you can get twenty cents a pound for any kind of chunk honey. Mr. Steubing — We have white clover on our place, but our bees pretty nearly starve to death until the time of sweet clover; they do not get a drop of honey from the white clover; we have to feed the bees until July. Mr. Cavanagh — Where are you lo- cated? Mr. Steubing — West Pullman. Mr. Cavanagh — My friend here (Mr. Steubing) speaks of the failure of the white clover to produce enough feed for his bees; I think that is controlled by atmospheric conditions a great deal. Probably in his case the clover was a year old plant; the age of white clover has something to do with it; you can usually get honey from a two- year old plant; or perhaps the rain- fall was too scant and the atmospheric conditions had something to do with it; the conditions were evidently wrong for nectar secretion. Regarding buckwheat — I do not think from what little I have seen of it, that it is so particular about the soil as the atmospheric conditions. Buck- wheat produces a yield some years and some years, none. It will yield right along until a sudden change in the weather, and then it will be cut short. In our section of the country the Span- ish needle is a sure yielder. Asters are sure yielders if the weather is right. Most all flowers are nectar yielders, de- pending on the land and atmospheric conditions and rainfall. Spanish needles grow where they have a water supply. Mr. Huffman spoke about growing heartesase. I think that would be a failure if out of its natural ele- ment; in the uplands heartsease and the Spanish needle yield honey only once in several years, when we haVe a wet season. You had better go to the flowers, rather than bring the flowers to you, although sweet clover is an exception and will yield nectar almost everywhere. Mr Dadant — What do you call two ■ year old clover? Mr. Cavanagh — As I understand it, two year old clover is from the seed that is cast some time in July or Au- gust, the clbver from that seed the next year would be one year old clover; (it will come up in the fall;) and next year it is called one year old clover, and the year after that, two year old clover; the year following, three year old clover. The two year old p-lant, as a rule, furnishes our nectar. In 1908 we had a dry fall and it killed our two year old plants; the following year there was no plant to yield nectar; the next year we had two year old plants. ILLINOIS STATE BEE-KEEPERS' ASSOCIATION 93 Pres. HufCman— I think I can bear Mr. Cavanagh out in that, for we have had in our section of the country the same experience; a dry year, and the winter kiled the white clover, and then the next year new clover came on and Ave got no honey, and even the next year from that new plant we got no honey. While the field was perfectly white with white clover, we did not get honey beQause it was a new plant. We find that it works that -way with us as a rule; if you want a good my from white clover, take an older plant; I do not see much difference in our sec- tion of the country between a two year old and a three year old; one produces about as much as the other. Mr. Pyles — This question has been pretty well thrashed over before. I remember seeing an article in the American Bee Journal, when Mr. York asked the question — "How long will it teike, when you place one plant in the center of a forty acre field, before that white clover would reach out and cover the forty acres?" — Dr. Miller in an Illinois State Bee -Keepers' Conven- tion said it grew like strawberries; it kept reaching out its shoots and taking root, but when he got really a .dry year he found he had no white clover; and then he said he always supposed the plant lived right along year after year. White clover will die the second year unless it is pas- tured closely and no seed formed, in which case it will live indefinitely on until it does seed; it has to form the seed when it will die the second year; if you do not let it form seed, it will keep growing for ten years; sweet clover is the same; when it forms seed, it dies. With us, I will say, and I believe it is generally so; whenever you have moisture in the spring, the clover comes up; it don't make any difference when the seed was formed; it nearly always comes up in the spring when you have enough an'Oisture. It takes a rainy spell to bring the clover seed. Pres. Huffman — It is a good deal like the thistle — the seed is there. "What action would have to be taken in order to secure the expenses of this Association from the State As- sociation?" Mr. Dadant^I believe I can answer that; simply a motion that the Secre- tary be instructed to put his bill into the State Association for the expenses; I think that would bring the money ail right. Pres. Huffman — Is there any member present who w^ishes to do that? That means, now, for 1912. Mr. Dadant — That means for 1912; I would have to do that before the first of January. Mr. Pyles — I wrote that question. I have had some experience with State Bee-Keepers' Association; my impres- sion is that in order to get this it would have to be appropriated by the State Bee-Keepers' Association; it is possible the Executive Committee would feel they had authority. I would hardly feel that I had if I were a member of the Executive Committee. The appropriation does not say, for affiliating Societies; although I think we would have a right to it; anywhere in the State of Illinois where there are only five or six bee-keepers a Foul Brood Inspector could call and inspect the bees and the State Bee-Keepers' Association would pay the expenses of it; I believe that would be possible. Mr. Dadant — I might say, we thrashed that over last year, and it was thought that the State w^ould not be allowed to pay our expenses, excepting those for disseminating information to our members; this is for postage, printing and post cards. If we tried to charge up the expenses of the hall rent, traveling expenses, etc., it w^ould not be allowed; but in sending out informa- tion to bee-keepers or to members who are members of the State Association, I am simply acting ^s part of the State Association, under the direction of the State Association, and that part of the expenses can be paid by our State Association; that is w'hat Mr. Stone, the Secretary of the Illinois State As- sociation, decided last year, when he was here. Pres. Huffman — Then right along that same line, we as an Association are a part of the State; we belong to the State and for that reason, as Mr. Stone has said and as I understand it, we are entitled to it; but only for what has been stated; not for any other expenses. Mr. Pyles — You know the State Bee- Keepers' Association is allowed to fur- nish the traveling expenses of a mem- ber going to their Convention who has papers to read or anything of that nature; they allow expenses right along; and if this would be a meet- 94 TWEKFTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE ing within their jurisdiction, why not allow traveling expenses? Liast year they debated the matter as to coming to Chicago and holding their meeting here, and they found that the annual meeting would have to be held in Springfield; but that they could ad- journ that meeting and hold the meet- ing in Chicago, and I understand they contemplated holding the meeting in Chicago, last year, after the adjourn- ment of the business meeting at Springfleld. Pres. Huffman — That is what Mr. Stone and Mr. C. P. Dadant decided last year; that we could not have the hall rent or anything like that; we are hardly a part of the State As- sociation until we vote to belong; we really come here and meet under our own free will; our own traveling ex- penses are to be paid by' ourselves, and the hall rent; after we have joined, whatever the Secretary does in the in- terest of bee-keepers is really done for the State Association and we ought to be paid for that; just a motion that the Secretary be instructed to send his bill to the State Secretary I think would make it all right, and I have no doubt Ave would get the money. What is your pleasure as to this ques- tion? A member — The way to find out would be to try. I move that the Secretary be instructed to see what he can do in regard to this question; that he ask the State Association to pay the bill as suggested. Motion seconded and carried. Mr. Kannenberg — We generally join the State and National Association in a body. I suppose we will have to do that, the same as we always have. I make a motion that we join the State and the National Bee-Keepers' As- sociations in a body. Pres. Huffman — Does that meet with the support of the members? Mr. Dadant — ^Our present dues are one dollar and a half; it gives us one dollar to join the National and fifty cents to join the State, and we get what is left; but, if we are able to get this money for our stationery and expenses from the State, all right, wo will not be out anything. The Great Northern Hotel have been kind enough to donate the hall, and I think it will be very easy to get our expenses for stationery, etc., from the State, so that we will come out all right. Pres. Huffman — I would like to make one other statement in regard to this motion that has been made. Do I understand by this motion that as members of this Association the Northwestern have to join both the State and the National, all the mem- bers of this Association, in a body? The question comes up, whether it is compulsory to those who are mem- berg of this Association who do not want to join the others, that they are compelled to join. Mr. Pyies — I have been informed by parties who were at Springfield at the State Association, that it was there decided that members could do ?S3 they pleased about joining the National; you do not have to join in a body, and can pay one dollar or one dolar and a half, and that makes you a member of the State and National. Pros. Huffman — To affiliate you must have twenty-five members. Mr. Pyles — I do not think the State Association took any action on that. For myself, if the National Association can show nie that they can do me a dollar's worth of good, I am wiling to give them a dollar; if they cannot, I might accidentally try it once or twice with them, and then they will have to show me; I would be "from Missouri'' about that time. Pres. Huffman — I think Mr. Pyles is right in that respect. I wanted to bring before you people this matter, that we may be on the right line. I think this: That you don't have to join in a body, but if you get twenty- five members the Constitution of the National says you are made members of the National, and you can affiliate with them; I think I am correct in that. Mr. Dadant — I believe you can join with a less number than twenty-five but you will not be entitled to repre- sentation unless you have twenty-five. You can perhaps join with as few members as you want to, but in order to have one representative at the Na- tional meeting, you have to have twen- ty-five members of your Association. • Pres. Huffman — Each and every member can join by himself if he wants to, but if you want to work with the National, you must have twenty- five in order to send a delegate. iMr. Kannenberg — We joined in a body last year for one dollar and a half; that took ug in aS' members of the three Associations, this Association, the Na- ILiilNOIS STATE BEE-KEEPERS' ASSOCIATION 95 tional, and the State, and I think it is not any different this year. Pres. Huffman — ^^'^e have a motion before us — are you ready for the ques- tion? It has been moved that we join the Illinois Bee-Keepers' Association and the National Bee-Keepers' As- sociation in a body, is there a second to that motion? Motion seconded and carried. 'Pres. Huffman — ^You all understand, I presume, that you are to pay one one dolar and a half to join the three associations; that was voted on here last year. Mr. Kannenberg — That means we get the report from the State Association? We now stand adjourned until 1:30. AFTERNOON SESSION. Convention called to order by the president, at one-thirty p. m. Pres. Huffman — The first thing this afternoon is to appoint a Committee on Resolutions. I will appoint Messrs. Cavanagh, Kannenberg and Bloom. The next number that we have before us is the .talk by Mr. Stanley, subject: "What Strains for Breeding are Best — Does Crossing Full Blooded Strains INIake Gentler or More Vicious Bees?" Mr. Stanley — I am not prepared to speak; I have a bad cold. Pres. Huffman^ — Is there any one else in the audience Avho will give us a talk on that subject? Mr. Stanley is excused because he is hoarse and does not feel well; is there any one else here who has been raising queens and who knows anything about the cross- ing of the different strains of bees? Mr. Dadant — I have not had any ex- perience, but there are bee-keepers who have had experience and we would like to hear from them. In our apiaries, about the best queen we have had was the first cross between Caucasian and Italian; gave us the imost honey and seem to do 'better than anything else, but after the first cross, did not seem to do as well; I know there are some bee-keepers here who have had experi- ence and we would like to hear from them. I have asked Mr. r>ittmer to give us a talk on shipping bees -wax — "Helpful Hints for Bee-Keepers in PaoMng and Shi'ping Beeswax." Mr. Dittmer has had trouble in receiving wax in various shapes, no doubit, and we would like to hear what he has to say. Mr, Ddttmer — '^Helpful Hints for Bee-Keepers in Pacl so and I got word from Mr. Dittmer: "Why do you send me such stuff? It is no wax; it is not much of anything." I told him:' "It is up to you to make —7 your price." The man was very much surprised because he thought he had good wax; that showed he didn't know what good wax was. Mr. Dittmer — ^I remember the cir- cumstances. Pres. Huffman — That shows that the wax can toe of very inferior quality when the person sending it thinks he has a good quality. Mr. Pyles — I want to ask the Presi- dent, if a man being from Wisconsin, when he goes to the pearly gates, is that all they will ask him? Pres. Huffman — It may be. Are there any other questions ready to hand in? Does any one wish to ask Mr. Dittmer any more questions in re- gard to the preparing and shipping of wax? Mr. Pyles — I will say about this wax question: If a man puts his wax in the shape he would like to receive it himself; if they will turn the question around, they will have it just right. The ordinary talk about manufactured foundation is not within the reach of ordinary people; they cannot under- stand it. Mr. Curtis, of the Austin Economic League of Chicago, is with us ; he oper- ates on the co-operative plan; we would like to have a 'short talk from him; — Mr. Curtis — Mr. Curtis — I will take a very few moments of your time. I represent the Austin Economic League. I am President of that organization. We are organized for the benefit of the people of Chicago who are consumers and house-holders; people who are trj-ing to conduct a practical movement to reduce the high prices, the high cost of living. We want to deal direct with the producers and eliminate the middle man and the conditions that are between the producer and the con- sumer. We want to pay the producer what it cost him to produce the ar- ticle, plus a reasonable and legitimate margin and when the transportation arid! handling charges are paid we want that to be our price, but no more. We are making a comprehensive study of this whole proposition. Within the next twelve months we expect a mem- bership in Chicago of four thousand families who will buy direct. We con- centrate our purchases and will buy ■direct from' the producers. Now I found that you were going to have a meeting here, through a copy of thi? TWELFTH ANNUAL, REPORT OF THE paper, and while you are here together, in Chicago, I thought it would 'he a good time to tell you Avhere the con- sumers are to be found. I want to get a list of your names, the members of this Association. This is what our proposition is: I will not go into the economic con- ditions that bring us to this study. Ours is a league that is co-operative, non- profit inaking, and is absolutely, purely and simply a Consumers' League. We want to buy. We will want to buy honey before very long in various Counties, depending on how far we go, and at that time we will want to know whether it will be with you as individuals if we can get your names, if you do business individually, we want to get your prices and terms, delivered, and then we will show you we are able to pay for the goods, and we want to get them of you, or if you have an Association that you prefer to deal through, we will be glad to deal direct with the Association, and do business in a wholesale way. I will leave with your Secretary my ad- dress, and will 'be glad to have you folks communicate with us as an as- sociation, or to have you furnish us with a list of your members, and we Avill treat them fairly and properly. I presume these bee-keepers are nearest to Chicago of any group we run into, although I don't know. This is the thought I came here to bring to your secretary and he gave me kindly permission to say these few words to you of what I had in mind. Pres. Huffman — We are glad to have the gentleman with us and glad to have heard him talk on this subject; that is what a good many bee-keepers have been looking for, to sell direct to the consumer; and I think his suggestions are all right; it is right that we confer with him, and I believe that to give him our names, the names of the mem- bers of this association, would be a good thing, and he can write to each and every one of us and we can help him as well as ourselves. If you want to ask the gentleman any questions, he may give you further light as to how to ship the honey, but, of course, we have his address, as he has said. Mr. Curti.s — We buy honey ordinarily at the local grocer's and pay a high price for it, and I find that the grocers are under some trade conditions in the city; he is not getting so much money although we are paying high prices. We find that the yearly purchases of consumers in Chicago will run perhaps five million dollars annually; that is the price at the producinig point. It will cost one million dollars more to bring the material from the producer to the consumer than the material it- self .is worth at the producing point. Certainly that is a wide difference and justifies almost any kind of action on the part of the producer and the con- sumer. We find that the raisin grower in California gets two and two and a quarter cents a pound out there; we pay from fifteen to twenty cents here. I presume you are acquainted with these conditions. Mr. Yocolm, a trans- portation man, in his article in the World's Work for the month of De- cember, analyzed this situation very thoroug"hly, and this movement of ours is in line with the things they recom- mend. The chairman of this meeting has called attention to shipping; we have no fixed mode of shipping as yet — whether we will establish an independent depot or Avarehouse of our own, in one or more localities, depends on whether we are permitted to use the present means on an economic basis. Pre?. Huffman — The question that the gentleman just raised in regard to the distribution — of course he has reference to the city of Chicago. I do not see why we cannot ship to them direct, when they ore thoroughly organized, — and at a reduced price; so soon as they have some way of receiving the honey we can work through them; but in- dividually we can do as he says, — ship direct to the consumer; we know that we do not get what the agents get; XA'e get our price and then they get theirs, and sometimes it is plentj' high. Could we not do that, Mr. Curtis? Mr. Curtis — Yes; such articles as we can buy we can distribute; such articles as we cstn receive at our stations, svioh as honey, which usually comes by itself, that is a very simple matter, our get- ting together with the producers. I will also say, this movement is calculated to be a State-wide and Na- tional-wide movement. This will be the nucleus of a very large organization. What we are after now is to get the names and get in touch with the pro- ducers on food products, either indi- ILLINOIS STATE BEE-KEEPERS' ASSOCIATION 9? vidually or through the association, and then we ■will take care of the details afterwards, but we want to deal only with the producer and we want thenn to know we are dealing- directly with the consumer. Mr. Dadant — If Mr. Bull will pardon me. I noticed. When the gentleman (Mr. Ourtis) passed Mr. Bull, Mr. Bull handed him a card. Mr. Bull did not let an oportunity pass by to sell some honey; he is in on the ground floor with that man. That is what more of us need to do; get on the ground floor with every man you run up against whom you have the least suspicion of wanting to buy siome honey. Pres. Huffman — That is a thought well taken; we don't get it before the people enough to let theni know we have honey for sale. Mr. Pyles — I do not believe that what we call the wholesale man had a very big profit on the honey question. The j-etailer is the man who is making a big profit. Honey ■ sells in Peoria, wholesale, they pay me $3.00 and pay freight and they sell it to the retailer at three dollars and sixty cents, for twenty-four sections; the retailer sell- ing it at twenty and twenty-five cents a section in the city of Peoria, accord- ing to whether it is fancy or No. 1; the price is doubled from the time it leaves my hands. I believe this is a condition that exists largely through the country, where you deal through the grocers. There was a time when we had three grocery stores and three men doing the work; now they have six men selling no more — but the profit has doubled; six families making a living on what three did before; no more goods handled, but the profit is greater. Pres. Huffman — That is the condi- tion I believe you will find, generally; as the gentleman has said in regard to shipping to the commission man; he does not charge so much but the man that buys from the commission man makes the profit. A Member — The grocer man pays eighteen and one-half cents and makes about three cents. Mr. Steubing— I sell comb honey for twenty cents a pound; in a big store here you 'have .got to pay twenty-five cents for seme honey. The grocer don't make very much. Mr. Dadant — There is no doubt that the retail grocer does not make very much; but somewhere between the pro- ducer and the consumer it doubles in price; the great trouble is, in my opin- ion, that we have too many handling the same thing; -where five people are handling the same stuff, let one or two do the work, and the other three go into something else; may be they could go into the honey producing business, or into some other product and make it better in this way for the consumer. Mr. Kannenberg — If the grocer even sells the honey for twenty cents a sec- tion, he makes more of a profit than three or four cents; he buys it by the pound and sells it by the cake, and there is at least two cakes over in a case, and he gets those two cakes and in this way makes a greater profit than were he to sell it by the pound. _^_^^ Mr. Cavanagh — I would like to ask whether we are talking about gross or net profit? Do you know what the overhead expenses are? What the net profit is to this grocer after he pays five or ten thousand dollars for rent in the high rent district? I wonder if we are considering the fact of the over- head expense. Very few of them make a net profit of ten per cent. Mr. Kannenberg — They figure twenty- five or thirty-three per cent. Mr. Cavaragh — I pity them if they sell everything the way they do honey; if they figure on that small margin on everything else they sell there would not be verj- much of a profit in their business. A Member — I had a grocer tell me. that almost always he has one broken section in a case, and he told me if he had to sell everything with the same profit there is to him in selling honey, he would starve to death. Mr. Pyles — Honey has doubled in price : it used to be twelve and a half cents: there is at least one-fourth of that in freight between me and the commission man: perhaps some cartage in the delivery in Peoria from the com- mission man to the grocer, but that does not amount to more than one cent; now we have thirteen and a fourth cents for it; the retailers "get twenty; there is six and a fourth cents; and take one section broken, we have only thirteen and a quarter — the rest of that profit. Now there is a good stiff profit in that; if this man has to pay five or ten thousand dollars for the rent of the building, he must add it to the price 100 TWELFTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE the consumer has to pay, and the quicker he gets out of business and he- gins to produce something for the con- sumer and himself to live upon, that much more quickly will the world be better off. Mr. Stockdale — I think it would be advisable for the grocer to eat that sec- tion and not starve. We make a mistake in not selling to people who live close to us. There is no question that it is a good deal better to sell at a reasonable price to people w^ho live close to you than to ship it away and stand loss by shrink- age and breakage, and you can increase your market wonderfully at home if you will but try to do it. Mr. Oavanagh — If the people "want to support the man who is paying this large rent and he can do enough busi- ness in the loop district — is it not legitimate for him to pay the extra rent? Is it not a better proposition for him to go into business here and pay this rent than to go out in some low rent district where the people do not exist? If you can meet that many people and transact that much more business; is it not to his interest to do this? It is a fact that much more honey is sold in the loop district in the city of Chi- cago than in the outlying districts; take these big stores that have a grocery department: The Randolph Street Market is doing an immense business; they are doing perhaps one hundred times the volume of business that some of the places are doing out in the low rent district. Why is it not legitimate for them to pay this high rent? They do not have to tack anything more on to the price; you have to pay some one for transferring the product from the producer to the consumer. The gentleman's scheme may be all right, if people take kindly to it, but it has got to have some adver- tising or the people will not know that you have honey for sale; you have got to charge up the advertising expense back to the profit. Some others have done the same thing in the past, and I am not knocking his proposition in the least; but I would say the scheme has been tried before, as I can remem- ber myself, on the co-operative basis, and for some reason or other it always falls through, and you get back to the hardpan of overhead expense and the cost of getting the honey from the con- sumer to the producer; the consumer is looking for somebody to beat hlm^ half the time. At any rate it costs money to sell honey, because we must adver- tise the fact that we have it for sale, and this cannot be done for nothing. Mr. Pyles — I think we are getting a little away from- the question. You take any line of business whatsoever, and those people who are co-operative make a success of it, because nearly every one of them is talking in favor of it; but the minute you get the con- sumers to buying a little here and a little there, it does not work. John D., and the people with him,, talk against an independent concern, and they put up the price; they sell a barrel of oil, as it was proven in Kansas or Missouri; they were selling oil at eighteen and ten cents in the same state, at different points; men in business will do that kind of business right along; if one man loses in an or- ganization, they win help him out; they are going to drive the other fellow out of business. I think the quicker the consumer and the producer get together the better off they will be. It is not fair for a man to work for a dollar or a dollar and a half a day and pay the prices he is paying. Prices have nearly doubled. In 1908 I sold honey for 10 cents per pound; this year I sold it at 12% cents, and it retailed in Peoria for from 20 to 25 cents per pound. Men in business are not losing out. I am not getting much more for my honey than I got four years ago, but the man who is consuming honey is paying nearly twice what he paid four years ago; the man who is consuming 'honey has got the worst of it. Mr. Cavanagh — How would you cross lots and get this profit? I don't want to offend, but I do want to get down to business; that is what we are here for. We are supposed to get a fair price for our product, and we are dis- cussing now the profitable method of marketing our product. What are we going to do about it? Is there some method which we can adopt better than those now in use? Is it for our benefit or for the consumer's benefit, or shall we shut the jobber and grocer out? Mr. Pyles — We are not talking about the most profitable way for marketing our honey, but, what is best for the consumer? We oan't hold up our ILLINOIS STATE BEE-KEEPERS' ASSOCIATION 101 heads and say, "I am inot my brother's keeper." The world is better as we make it better. If we can beep some- body else from starving and keep hold- ing their head up by marketing our honey to them, we are making the world better. "When I take something out of the soil; or if my 'bees can pro- duce a pound of honey, I have added wealth to the country; the other man has not added a cent in wealth to this country; I will admit that he is a means between the two parties but he is not there for the benefit of the other fel- low's health. Mr. Cavanagh-— The time was when we could produce honey but we oould not sell it Mr. Pyles — A few years ago we did not produce the crops we do now. Mr. Cavanagh — And we could not have disposed of the honey if we were able to have produced it. Mr. Pyles — Twenty years ago honey was sold in an old pine box or any kind of wood; now we have got to go to the expense of putting it up in a very much better way; we can't sell honey like we did twenty years ago. If I shipped it to Chicago or to Peoria like it was done twenty years ago I would not get enough to pay the transportation charges. Mr. Cavanagh — Are you going to let the consumer pay for getting this honey from you to him, or are you to pay for it? You admit there is an ex- liense in marketing your product to the consumer; one plan is to tell everybody what you have; another is to use the newspapers in advertising; another, to have boys go around and distribute circulars that you have issued; your time is worth something; every one's time is worth something. Who is going to pay for this expense, after the 121/2 cents you have got to have, net? AVho is going to stand that expense? If s^ou stand that, you get less for j^our honey. Mr. Pyles — This is the question: The expense of transportation will have to be paid for, after I get 12% cents for my honey; that must be added to the price of the honey; that is a legitimate expense; the railroad company must have their expense. Perhaps the best thing I con do is to tell you about a community located on the Eastern line of Marshall and Putnam Counties, a community of Quakers; they buy everything in lots, and sell it; each one weighs their clover seed', and they put it all together, and then it is sold to the people of the community. When they buy their California fruit, they buy it together and it is hauled in and each one takes a certain amount; it is the wealthiest farming community that I know of in the State of Illinois, and they have made it wealthy by the co-operative plan; they stand as the consumer and the producer; some things they produce and some things they consume. Mr. Cavanagh — ^What are their retail prices? Are they below anybody else? Mr. Pyles — Montgomery Ward prices; the same as those of Mont- gomery Ward. Mr. Cavanagh — There is a good prof- it in Montgomery Ward prices. Mr. Pyles^ — Our own grocer told me the people are buying groceries of Montgomery Ward as cheap as he could buy them. Mr. Cavanagh — I really want to know if there is any short cut from tlie producer to the consumer, whereby you can eliminate all this expense of distribution? By the mail order prop- osition s^ou have to tack on as much again as the stuff originally cost; there is no mail order house that does not do that unless they have a sj'stem like the department stores. As a rule if it costs $1.00 to produce an article it costs $2.00 in the mail order process and advertising. That community spends thousands and thousands of dollars every year in advertising. Mr. Pyles — No, they do not; it is a community of Quakers. Mr. Cavanagh — Do they market any large quantity, and how do they reach the consumer? How do they reach their people with their honey without having to adver- tise it or send out circulars, or have some one tell them about it? How do the people know that they have honey for sale? The proposition is here: In every business that I know of there is an expense of getting the proiduct from the producer to the con- sumer; I don't know how we can get around that. You might offer them honey for sale in your own town for 12% cents — How many people from Chicago would go down and buy it? You would' have to spend lots of money in telling the people of Chicago that j-ou have this honey for sale. Mr. Pyles — ^What is the reason that 102 TWELFTH ANNUAL. REPORT OF THE the commission nian won't allow my name to be placed upon the package if I ship it to Chicago? He does not want the consumer to know that I produce honey; they would buy their honey of me if the girocer allowed me to put my name upon the package, would they not? If I put my name upon the shipping case of conub honey, when it gets here (to Chicago) the first thiing they do is to see that everything is thoroughly erased before it goes on the market, but in this comimunlty (I am not sure there is a honey producer in the community) if there is a honey producer in that comimunity I am sure the place would ibe fully enough to make use of the honey that was pro- duced there. I think it 'is the highest ideal of American life to live as they live; the farmers get together in the country life and have their Clwb and the same kind of amusements" that you can have in the city, and you must know they are wide-awake to do this; how many communities will you find of that kind in the State of Illinois? They market what they produce right in their own community, and every- thing that they buy is done on the co-operative plans and this can be done in the honej' ^business in the same way if people will go at it, but if you discourage the consumer from dealing direct with the producer, then you make it possible for the middle man, or two or three of them to make a profit, and not a small one I am sure. Mr. Cavanagh — You have asked one question — why a commission man wants to handle honey with his name on it; it is for this reason: The com- mission man knows he has the ac- quaintance of his customers; he says to the customer — "Here is something that is right," not because that man's name is on it, but because the com- mission man thinks it is right, and be- cause he knows it is the kind of honey that this particular customer desires^ — therefore it ibelongs to the commission man. If you leave your name on it, the other man will steal the customer. If it was not for the commission man, this country would not be what it is today; it is an organization now that is worth while. Pres. Huffman — I think we will have to bring this to a close; we got off the question, but we permitted it; it was probably a little interesting to some. The point is this: Simply the question of dealing direct with the producer or the consumer, or the con- sumer dealing direct with the pro- ducer, and cutting out the high prices. You will all admit that a profit is made somewhere between the two. The con- sumer is the one who is paying the bill, and the producer is not getting what he ought to get out of it, accord- ing to the prices the product is bring- ing; the thing is to iflnd a better way to sell; I believe if we knew who we were dealing with, the kind of people, as this man said, we can trust them with our shipments; ship direct and you can make more out of your prod- uct, and they, too, will get the benefit of a lower price. I think this might be a good time, now, for the election of officers, while there is a good crowd here; all in favor of having the election now, manifest it by saying aye; contrary no. Unanimously carried. Pres. Huffman — We will proceed to the election of officers. I will appoint Mr. Pyles and Mr. Cavanagh as tellers. iMr. York has been your President; we will have to elect a president to take Mr. York's place, or elect him as you see fit. ELECTION OF OFFICERS. Mr. Pyles — I move that the election be 'by ballot formal; the next informal; you can declare the informal formal if you see fit. Mr. Jacob Huffman was elected President. Pres. Huffman — As I understand it, I heartily agree with the gentleman as this is an informal ballot. I would say this in I'egard to the ejection: I would rather somebody else would take the Presidency rather than myself. I did not expect last year, when I agreed to let my name run as Vice-President, that 1 Avould have to act as President today; I am out of the State, and I do not like to preside out of miy State; I may take it for another year, but after that I will not. Mr. 'i'acob Huffman was duly de- clared elected President. A Member — I nominate Mr. Kannen- berg for Vice-PTesi<3ent. Mr. Dadant — Mr. Kannenberg is right here in Chicago, and if our Presi- dent happened not to (be able to come, Mr. Kannenberg is right here. Mr. Kannenberg — There are other.s here in Chicago. Mr. Pyles — A man ought to be pa- triotic and serve at least one term. ILLINOIS STATE BEE-KEEPERS' ASSOCIATION 103 The nominations for Vice-President were: Mr. Kannenberg; Mr. Arnd and Mr. Cavanagh. Mr. Pyles — I move that the informal ballot be made formal, and that Mr. Kannenberg, having received thei ma- jority of votes cast, be declared elected as Vice-President of this Association. Motion seconded and carried, and the vote of the Association cast for 1913 for Mr. Kannenberg. Pres. Huffman — The next under the election of officers is that of Secre- tary and Treasurer. Mr. Kannenberg — I nominate Mr. L. C. Dadant. Nomination seconded. Mr. Dadant — I nominate Mr. Cavan- agh. Mr. Pyles^ — Before Mr. Cavanagh gets a chance to second his own nomination: I move that the rules be susipended and that Mr. Dadant be de- clared elected. Mr. Dadant — I would rather you would elect some one else as Secretary and Treasurer; I have had the office for two or three years. Pres. Huffman — I think that is the reason they want to re-elect you, they are so well satisfied they do not want anybody else to have the office. Mr. Kannenberg — I move you that the nomination be closed and that Mr. Dadant be elected by acclamation. Motion seconded. Pres. Huffman — All in favor of the last motion, that Mr. D. C. Dadant be elected by acclamation as Secretary and Treasurer of this Association, say aye. It is unanimous. Pres. Huffman — ^We have a name be- fore VIS — the name of Mr. Cavanagh in regard! to "The Use of the Automobile in. Out-Apiary work." "The Use of *he Automobile in Out- Apiary Work." Mr. Cavanagh — Mr. President: I wish to explain to the Convention that I hove not prepared a paper, for the reason that I am so full of the sub- ject of automobiles, I think it is span- taneous comibustion with me when I stand on my feet. Wihich do you want me to talk aJbout the more — 'Automo- (biles or Out- Apiary work? Now I suppose the reason I am requested to give a talk on automobiles today is be- cause I featured the automobile trailer in Gleanings for out-apiary work. When I started in the automobile business it was with a definite sys- tem in mind of curtailing expenses. The automobile trailer plan was a success in theory but a failure in prac- tice because the car would not stand up under it. I did not have a car that was ibuilt for that kind of work; the ordinary car in use will not stand truck work; neither will the tires stand it; yet as far as the trailer was con- cerned, and £s far as the system was concerned, it was a success. Some of you may not know just what this trailer car was; so let me explain that it was an ordinary pleasure car at- tached to which was a two wheeled trailer, with platform QV2 x 11; this trailer was hung on the tonneau. On this platform, 6 x 11, was built a wire cloth and canvas honey house containing mounted power extractor and gasoline engine to run it and steam decapping knife outfit with gen- erator. When we went to the yard to do the extracting, instead of the usual routine of running around and getting our working tools together, and finding we had forgotten something and that we did not have- everything in hand which we needed — we had the outfit right there, and when we ran into the yard we had on the trailer empty cans and everything was there all ready to start. We would run into the yard in a convenient place to reach all the hives right in among the bees, and we could go anywhere, where it was smooth enough. We would take our cans and start our gasoline stove, put on our generator to generate steam for the decapping knife, and touch off the en- gine, while one man starts at the j^ard and begins to take off honey, and the other man gets inside with his equip- ment all set for honey, going in and fixing his gasoline stove ready; the engine is oiled up, and the third man is on the outside setting his strainer tank under the spout of the extractor. So far we had to build a hole to stet the strainer tank down under the tank. That system worked out fine. We would start out lots of d'ays and drive from eight to fifteen miles, extract two to three thousand pounds of honey, case it all up, weigh it; come back at night, leave the honey in the honey house. When the man get home at night if they have time they go to the shop and empty out the cappings 104 TWELFTH ANNUAL. REPORT OF THE (usually a barrel or more we would liave). We would have the trailer all washed out before leaving- the yard the next morning; and all we had to do was to put in a supply of cans and what gasoline we need for the machinery and oil and a few little things like that; and then we have all our tools and everything ready for another day's run. In that way we avoid loss of time and we also gained time on the road, which enables us to do a big day's work at the apiary instead of putting in a big day's work on the road; of course when we used horses and went thirteen to sixteen miles, we would have to spend from two to four hours on the road each way;' and if you make it up by getting up early and coming home late, it is at the ex- pense of the helpers and expense of the time taken. An automobile makes the trip each way, in perhaps an hour, and it leaves more time to sleep in the morning, and more time to work in the apiarj-. So much for the prac- ticability of the unit extracting sys- tem. So far as the pleasure automobile i.s concerned — it is an entire failure; the car I had would not stand up under it; because not built for such heavy work. This year we have an automobile truck and we are following- up the same system in our apiaries, of going to the yard with our unit extracting system, and coming home at ni,2:ht with the extracting all done, and with this addition: We put the honey, now, on the truck and haul it home. In regard to the automobile for out- apiary work: Before deciding to buy an automobile, consider this: If you are living in a place where there is heavy sand — don't attempt an automobile; an automobile is not built for a sandy country; you will find they are too expensive and too much trouble; If you have good gravel or dirt roads, it is a good proposition. Another thing about the size of the automobile and the tires: Do not buy an automobile with 3 inch tires and expect to put a thousand pound load on; you had better have a 4% or 5 inch tire and pay more; they will last you much longer proportional to the cost. The man who sells you the car should be told the amount of weight on each wheel; and also remember that a car is rated throiighout as for a given load, and when you take a small pleas- ure car or a light runabout, and put on a heavy load, you are apt to injure the car. 1£ you are going to use a car for trucking, buy a truck, and if you are going to use a car for pleasure, buy a pleasure car, and don't buy either one unless you have the roads to run it on, for it will not be satisfactory. Another proposition, on the handling of bees: We run our bees on the migratory plan a good deal. We have a good fall flow and we use an automobile truck in moving bees back to clover and re- turning again for fall blossoms. We have not tried the plan out very thoroughly. We have not been in busi- ness long enough and have not had the truck long enough to know whether or not the plan is a success. It costs a good deal to operate those cars and it takes a inan who understands ma- chinery; if you use a truck, you want to be sure you can g-et out to the yards and be sure that you can get back again; and if anything goes wrong, you want to understand how to make it right. We move our bees by starting at night; in the evening, or very early in the morning; going from one j'ard to another, twelve to thirty miles. We move them without shutting the bees in the hives at all. The question of whether it is best to use a team or an automobile, de- pends largely on whether you have to make distances or not, the condition of the roads, et cetera. One way to get around the expense of traveling is to camp out at the out- yards which plan is followed by several prominent specialists. You can go to the yard the night be- fore, do your work during the day and move on to the next yard the next evening, and save the expense of re- turning each night. The question of which system is best to follow lies somewhat in how badly a man w"ants to get home, and how he looks at those things. If he is willing to rough it, he can save money in that way; as it costs so much per mile to run a car a rtiile. If you buj^ a new car, they are being made very reliable, if you get a standard make. If you buy an old car, you need a mechanic to run it, or run the risk of having it tied up on the ILLINOIS STATE BEE-KEEPERS' ASSOCIATION 305 road, an'd it is an expensive proposition in that way, on account of the lost time of one's extra help. I think, perhaps, I have talked enoug^h on this subject. I thank you. Pres. Huffman — Now does any one wish to ask questions of Mr. Cteivanagh in regard to the autombbile business and 'bee business combined? If so, you are now at liberty. Mr. I>adant — What kind of a truck do you get, Mr. Cavanag-h? Mr. Cavanagh — The truck I am using is the Logan truck. The company is out of business that manufactured that truck. The truck is in very good me- chanical condition, but I bought it for less money because the people are out of business. As a matter of fact, how- ever, the repairs for any good car can be bought of another dealer if one knows where to buy; you can go to Foote Brothers for gears, or some other company, and get your gears one-third less than what the automobile place charges. If you want castings, go to the man who makes castings; don't go to an automobile repair man; do not send direct to the people who handle the cars. That is another short cut and saves you from being held up by the automobile repair man; go direct to the people who make these things. Mr. Dadant — That is co-operation? Mr. Cavanagh — I believe in co-opera- tion. Pres. Huffman — I would like to ask Mr. Cavanagh, what horse power you recommend for your truck? Mr. Cavanagh — In regard to the horse power — it Is a matter of the speed you expect to travel on the road and the capacity of the truck; if 3'ou have a two ton truck, the way the leading trucks are made, a two ton truck will require about a 30 to 40 horse power engine, with a speed of about 15 or 18 miles an hour; then they have extra gears to secure speed cars, of 20 or 25 miles an hour on good roads. A lower horse power will do the work if the truck is back-geared enough and speed is not essential. The manufacturers know why they should use that horse power. In a sandy, bad country it might be possible to have a higher horse power, or to gear the truck back by using a different ratio of gears on the sprockets. Pres. Huffman — What is the cost, as a rule, of those trucks? Mr, Cavanagh — A two ton truck costs about $1,800 to $2,700. That is, a new one. Mr. Dadant — Now that you have giot your big truck to do extractii^, do you use that truck to go to your out-apiary to put on supers, for instance? Mr. Cfavanagh — ^No, never; one has to have an extra car; we have a run- about; it is too expensive to run a truck. Mr. Dadant — ^I might give you a little experience we had; we have not gradu- ated to a truck; we still have a run- about; that is a little Ford. It has a box on the back which holds extractor cap- ping can and our tools and one barrel. We put honey in barrels; and I take a man with me and run out to the ex- tracting house, and by the time our team gets there with the other barrels, why, we are ready for them. By the time we get done in the evening we send a lot back with him ahead of us: we put on the supers after that. We don't use the power extractor yet. We have only two apiaries, the last five years, where we could use the power extractor to any advantage, the white clover crop has been so poor. Pres. Huffman — In regard to the power extractor, would you use the automatic or not? Mr. Cavanagh — We consider the automatic far from perfect but the best thing on the market now. I had an elaborate scheme for another kind of automatic extractor, and I was foolish enough to approach Ernest Root with it. I was cautioned not to give the idea away fuUj- but I found he had tried the same ideas years ago and it would not work; I use the automatic myself. Pres. Huffman— Here is a question — "I had eight young queens last fall and seven of the eight were superseded this spring. What was the cause?" Mr. Pyles — The queens were no ac- count. Pres. Huffman — Can any one answer that question? We have had one answer, that the queens were of no ac- count; it is ibarely possible but not probable. Mr. Dadant — ^I might say that we thought we lost all of our poor queens when the colonies died during the win- ter. Pres. Huffman — I might dirop a thought along that line; I don't know 106 TWELFTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE that it is any advantage to tnis Associa- tion or whether it would be to my- self; but in all my experience in the bee business I never had anything equal with this Spring — the loss of queens; whether it was ibecause they were poor queens, or what it was I don't know. I considered that I had, in the fall, good queens, but for some reason or other (and they were young queens) I found a great many col- anies, queenless this spring, more so than ever in my life in the spring of the year. I laid it to some other con- dition besides poor queens; some of my best queensi (what I considered my best) were superseded). Mr. Pyles — ■! have raised some queens myself. I have, I think, a fairly good strain of bees; I believe they will compare favorably with most bees in apiaries that I have been in. I have reared queens that within one month from that time were superseded; you would say that queen was no good; and I would not give anything for it. When I rear queens for myself, and I go along and find a queen has been laying for one Aveek and has not got two or more frames of eggs laid — off goes her head that quick! Another thing: If you have gone through severe winters, like the last one was, it is generally expected? Last year a great quantity of queens were not so good as they are the aver- age year. It does not make any differ- ence about the age of the queen. I had a queen give good satisfaction this year, four years old, and she will be given a good chance to try the same thing next year. I found in inspecting bees, that a great number of queens this year — when they should have had a hive full of bees — had a very small number. I think that perhaps the severe winter' had something to do with making those queens worthless, and whenever you find, that young queens of last fall are superseded this spring, normally or ab- normally, or any other way, something is wrong with the queens. Mr. Kubick — I attribute it to the severeness of the winter because the bees came through very weak. Pres. Huffman — Well, last spring was most unusual, and also last winter; I guess that is enough on that question. We are pretty nearly all of the same opinion, that the queen is no good in a way. Bees and Bee Products Shown by Mov- ing Pictures. "Why are not bees and bee products put on the screen of moving picture shows like many other industries are? Whajt better way of advertising is there?" Mr. Arnd — ■! think there is a manu- facturer of moving pictures who is ex- perimenting now and they expect to put them on the screen before long; they take the bee from its development and show it in its different growth, I was toM. I have been promised, as soon as they produce the pictures, that they will let me know; it is going to show up everything, all the stages, right through. I think Mr. Boyden knows something about that. Mr. Boyden — I have had some talk with the moving picture people and they expect to put one on next year. Mr. Arnd — I was told they were doing something about it now, and that they got their material from the A. I. Root Company. Pres. Huffman — Something like that would be interesting, to the bee-keep- ers, anyway. Mr. Cavanagh — I would like to ask, and perhaps Mr. Boyden will tell us — who defrays the expense of those pic- tures? The people who make the 'pic- tures; do they pay for the expense? Mr. Boyden — There are several differ- ent ways in which they can go at that subject; if you want to control the film, you pay for it; if you want to sell it to the moving picture people, then go at it the other way and they will pay for it ; it ■ is expensive. Mr. Cavanag'h — Could you give us an idea of the expense? Mr. Boyden — Six or seven hundred dollars. Mr. Schrall — A moving picture man wanted to give me $50 if I would let him take pictures of my bees, but he has never been around. ]\4:r. Pyles — If anybody wants to give me $50 to see mine, show him around; I will be very willing to take him around and give him all the exercise he wants. Mr. Boyden — I might give you a little more light on the moving picture prop- osition; the way these films are usually handled: If the film is controlled by the people producing it: Colleges and such like prefer to have the use of them first, for educational purposes; and ILLINOIS STATE BEE-KEEPERS' ASSOCIATION 107 then later on, if you care to put them on the market for the nickel theaters and such like, you can do so; but if yx3u put them in the nickel theaters and such iplaces first, the value is not much to the colleges and such institutions as that. We have had the matter up with one or two concerns this year, but it was a little bit late in the season to get the best results. May or June would be better; then you can carry on some- thing' that is natural; something that is educational and that would be a benefit to the public in every way. You attempt to take that subject at a poor time of the year and you will not have the success that you do when you take it up in the natural season. I 'believe in this country there are one or two films that have been here in Chi- cago, but they are from England and are not quite what we would like to see. I thoroughly believe there is a chance of educating the people along that line, and there is a great oppor- tunity. Get hold of something and put it on the market in a right way and it will be of great benefit to the bee-keep- ing industry. Mr. Arnd — This fall I saw some pic- tures shown of the frog, beginning at the beginning to the end of frog life; and it was one of the most interesting things I ever saw; you w-ould not think that frogs would be interesting 'but they were; it showed the egg development, and you could almost see. the little fel- lows grow; first poUywogs and then frogs; then I have seen moving pictures showing the development of fiowers, from the seed, and you can fairly see the flowers grow; it is one of the most beautiful things I ever saw, and is very interesting. I think this idea of show- ing the bees from the very start, on the screen, would be of great benefit not only in an educational way, but I think it would make people feel as though they ought to have honey. Mr. Cavanagh — That is one phase of the question — the nature study; there is another side: the commercial prop- osition. We want to get people to eat honey, and to teach people how extract- ing honey is produced, and for that rea- son we ought to have a set of pictures showing the actual work, the removing of honey from the hives, taking it to the extracting 'house, extracting it, put- ting it in cans, et cetera. That is what the people want to know — not how the bee is produced from the egg, but how we get the honey in the combs. They want to know if it is pure honey; they want to know that the honey that comes to them in liquid form is pure. I think we are coming to extracted honey. Pres. Huffman — That is correct; many people do not know that ex- tracted honey is 'honey; the majority of people call it strained' honey. Mr. Dadant — I think Mr. Cavanagh is right about that, but I believe, too, it would 'be very interesting to see the development of the bee from the egg until maturity; you take a man in Chi- cago who knows absolutely nothing about bees or honey, the way it is pro- duced— if you show him how the bees ^ develop firom the egg to matured bees, by the time you get him to the end, you will have him believing it; while if you do not do this, they will think S^ou are putting up a job on them. You know those honey stories are mighty hard to overcome. I have had fellows say that honey was manufactured, until I get them out in the yard and let them see the bees, and they then think differently. Pres. Huffman — There is one thought that Mr. Boyden gave with reference to the educational value of the films — that the colleges would 'have the fihns first. If there is anything educational in it — give it to the colleges first, and then hand it down to the nickel thea- ter; I think he is right there. Running for Comb Honey Good Years — Extracted Poor. "Would you recammend the follow- ing? Running for com'b honey in good years and extracting during poor sea- sons?" Mr. Bull — Who is going to tell, before the season, whether it will be a good season or a poor one? Mr. Kannenberg — They are telling now in Bee Journals that 1913 will be an excellent year. Mr. I>adant — They say the "pros- pects" are for a good year. Of course you can say anything about the "pros- pects." Just as an expression of the Convention, I would like to know how many think the prospects are good for next year? Hold up your hands. We have a good many reports from all over the State and the United States, so far as that goes, and every one to whom I have talked says that the 108 TWELJFrrH ANNUAL. REPORT OF THE prospects are very good; especially are the clover prospects good; the pros- pects are extra good for next sea.son in our locality. Last year at this time there was hardly a sign of white clover anywhere; you could hardly find it in the grass; this year the ground js just covered and it looks like it is go- ing to be a good season, Mr, Kannenberg — That would be two year old clover, then? Mr, Dadant — That is what thej' would call it. Pres. Huffman — ^It has been statea that 1&13 was going to be a good crop and that 1914 was going to be a bunker crop. Mr, Dadant — That was G. E, Bacon of the Lewis Company. He does not know anything about honey but he knows that if 1913 is good, in 1914 ev- erybody will want to go into the beo business and they will sell more bee supplies; that is the way it always works; the bee supply manufacturers are hopeful for 1913 and IS 14. Mr. Lyman — There is one point on this comb honey and extracted honey business that I think is a good plan to practice, and that is, to run for comb honey only during the best part of the honey flow and cut both ends with ex- eracted. Mr, Bull — ^When you give the people what they want — and convince them that extracted honey is pure, you will not have very much call for comb honey. Mr. Pyles — I am a comb honey pro- ducer; I can't sell extracted honey like some people can; we have not an ex- tracted honey market; we must furnish comb honey. A Member — When I undertake to produce a crop of honey — give me con- ditions as I would like to have them — ■• I will take the super with extracted comb outside of each super, and then we will give them something to start in and not cause this swarming that • comes in when you take off your super if ^ou put on extracting super, and be- sides if you have average extracting super, when they get that full if it is only a moderate year perhaps they won't do anything in tbe sections. I want my honey in the sections; make my outside combs so they must neces- sarily be thin when capped over, I notice the bees commence working on the sections next to the comb first and finish, up in the center next to the super. If you are In a seotion of the country where your market calls for comb honey, it will pay you to produce what the demand is for; and if extracted honey is called for, then it is well to run for extracted. Mr. Cavanagh — My exiperience is that you can sell people what you try to sell them; if you want to sell comb honey, talk comb honey; leave a sample of comb honey. If we go to a town where they are in the habit of buying comb honey, and we want to sell themi ex- tracted; we give a sample of the ex- tracted; tell them they are getting better weight, and let the people know we are on the square, they will buy the extracted; in about threes minutes talk we can tell them how we take the pure honey out of the comb after it has been ripened on the hive, and all the difference is they are paying for the honey now instead of wood and wax and a short weight package. Mr. Pyles, what price do you get direct to the con- summer for comb honey? Mr. Pyles-.-! do not sell direct to the consumer; I sell to commission men. Mr. Cavanagh — Then you don't be- lieve in cutting out the commission man? Mr. Pyles — I do. I said that it was not practical for a man forty miles away from Peoria, where there are men traveling every day selling honey by wagon; it is not practical for me to sell to the consumer, although, if we were organized, it would be prac- tical. Not being organized, we could not haul the honey to Peoria, and then peddle it out; especially extracted honey. There are many men traveling in Peoria every day, with extracted honey, and those commission men are selling honey to the grocers in Peoria, and some of those commission houses have traveling men all the time, and they have not been able to handle over a hozen pint jars of extracted honey for me; they buy direct from me. 'Mr. Cavanagh — Now it might be amusing to the Convention to know that Mr. Pyles has advocated one thing and is doing exactly the opposite, while I have advocated the other and am doing just the opposite; we sell direct to the consumer; he is advocating sell- ing direct, and still he isi selling his honey to commission men and the com- ILLINOIS STATE BEE-KEEPERS' ASSOCIATION 109 mission man sells it to tho grocer. He says that distance is a great obstacle. We are selling honey lOO and' 120 miles from our home, and meeting people on their own ground and taking the honey to them. We are seling 15 times the honey in different territories that ever was sold.' iby commission men and tha grocer. If everybody was doing like we are, there would not be bee-keepers enough to supply the honey market. Teach the people to eat honey; give them a sample; that is the way to get away from the middleman. After you have the demand created, then you can do it if you want to; boost your honey every day; that is our motto. Mr. Dadant — As they both have said, Mr. Pyles and Mr. Bull — they work from different standpoints; and from what Mr. Bull says — it opens my eyes. We get 121/^ cents a pound in 10 pound cans. Mr. Bull told me he was getting $1.60, and I suppose he is getting more now. Mr. Bull — $1.75 for 10' pound can of honey. Mr. Dadant' — After he told me how they did it, I was not surprised at all. I think they have the key to the situa- tion; get next to the consumer and let him know what you have; let him know that you produce the honey yourself, and what an article you have, make a man believe you, and he will not fail to buy. Mr. Cavanagh — ^I have gone in a house where there were three women and a iman who jumped on -me for coming there with syrup to sell; I waited until they got through, and then waded in, and with the result that before I left I had an order for three pails of honey; I sold a pail to each of the three women, while the man stood and licked his chops and wishing he could have the honey "tomorrow' instead of having to wait ten 'days. About the price of honey: There is no sense in a man starting out to sell honey to the consumer at the same price he would ask of the jobber or the commission man or the grocer; it is an imposition on a legitimate dealer to do that, and en himself and his fam- ily; it is worth some money to start out and deliver the honey, to make the sale o£ it in the first instance; it takes your time to talk to this customer and give him a itaste of your honey, and to deliver it later. They are willing to pay something to know they are getting good honey; no one should start out to sell honey and try to give it away. I know the line of talk; it is a mistake to talk honey at low prices; we have demonstrated it; I am not talking from a theory; we have had actual practice. If bee-keepers will go out for the ar- ticle right, and ask a reasonable price, and give the people something fine; something rich, an article of good color and fiavor — go to the customer's house with such an article, and ask a reason- able price — in time the people will look for your coming and they will be willing to pay what the thing is worth and it is worth more than the net price to the bee-keeper from the wholesale market. It costs us to get the order; it costs to deliver the honey; and then there are overhead' expenses; when we get through we have a cent or two profit on it; and it is right we shiuld 'have a legitimate profit. These middlemen are in a legitimate husiness. They are doing for us, as Mr, Pyles admits, what he cannot do for himeslf. He does not stop to consider what good work those people are doing for him, by turning his crop into ready cash; and they should not do the work for nothing; they are entitled to a prof- it. We want to ask a good price for our honey — what it is worth; we are giving the people a superior article; "Is not the laborer worthy of his hire?' Mr. Pyles — We are getting back to the same old question; now this has been talked perhaps too much. But Mr. Cavanagh thinks he is the con- sistent fellow and that I am not; I am doing, under the circumstances, what I am practically compelled to. Mr. Cavan- agh is advocating holding up the price so that he can slip around and out- talk the other fellow; he is in the honey business himself; I am not trying to take advantage of the "other" man. I deal honorably with Peoria or Chicago as I would ask them to do with me; I don't try to leave a single case with the grocer; yet I condemn the princi- ple that a pound of honey will double in price from the time it leaves my hands until it gets to the consumer; it is wrong; there is no reason why a section of honey that will not weig'h over 13 or 14 ounces should retail for twenty or twenty-five cents; that is too much of a profit. The comimission m^en have rushed me all fall to get 110 TWELFTH ANNUAL. REPORT OF THE honey; I was eight weeks ill, in the house, and five weeks on my back and not able to get honey to the market, and they were hurrying me for another shipment of honey; the grocers were calling on them for honey; I know they are advertising honey, through their circular, at $3.60; they have to pay the freight on the honey; they are adver- tising it for $3.60, two cases, and single one for $3.70, and yet when it gets to the consumer he has to pay 25 cents; I am condemning that. Mr. Cavanagh will admit that he is talking for his own interests; we will all honor him for his honesty. Pres. Huffman — We had a man in our State who tried the plan of getting comb honey in a large frame, using thin foundation; he had produced 100 frames and sold nearly all of them; he says he believes he likes it better than section honey; he gets enough for if, Mr. Cavanagh — These plans are all good. Everybody ought to sell honey wherever they get a chance, extracted or comb, but the point I am trying to get at is that a man is not a highway robber when he asks something for his time that he spends out selling hone^^ Crating Honey. "Would you crate one single case of comb honey, if it went a short, distance (about 20 miles) by express?" Mr. Pyles — No. Mr. Cavanagh — It would not pay. Pres. Huffman — I would say no. Mr. Dadant — Is that regardless of the package used? Mr. Kannenberg — L^se a package so that the honey can be seen. Mr. Pyles — Mr. of our city runs for comb honey; this fall he had a little bit of trouble in shipping that way; he would ship 3 or 4 cases to- gether, crated but not packed in ship- ping crates; he told me recently that he had got everything settled satisfac- torily with the Express Companies; one batch shipped was badly broken; the parties he shipped to took the honey, and but held the express co'mpany and got their pay; that is the only time he has had any trouble in four or five years in shipping in single cases. I don't believe in patronizing the express com- panies; I would send by parcel post. Mr. Cavanagh — There is a wrong con- ception in the minds of the people about breakage; it is usually due to handling and .damage done by the transfer wagon and hot in the car itself. Mr. Doyden — It is true af express shipments that nearly all the damage is on the wagon and not the car. Mr. Dadant — Have any of you seen this tin package, invented by Paul Hun- ton, advertising in the Bee Journals? 1 might explain that Mr. Hunton of Colorado has invented this tin sec- tion for the purpose of getting some- thing cheap — ^which is the only thing he has failed in; it is high priced. The bees fill the tin section with comb honey. On one side there is a little isinglass so that you can see the honey. It amounts to a single pound paste- board package; it is the neatest and cleanest looking package you can ima- gine, and it takes the fancy of the eye, but the trouble is — the price; it is much more expensive than the wooden sec- tion. Feeding Sugar Syrup. "Would you advise feeding about 10 or 15 pounds sugar -syrup every fall to each colony, whether they needed it or not? Object: Honey from fall flowers being- not very good; also if foul brood is present." Pres. Huffman — I would say if they had planty of honey to winter on, not to feed any sjTup. Mr. Cavanagh — I have had a lot of experience in Michigan and here as well. I have never found that a person could get around "fall honey by feeding sugar honey on top of it. In spite of covering it up, the bees would get through that layer of syrup that is in the center of the brood nest. As far as feeding, on account of foul brood, I do not know what the person asking the question is talking about. If you have American foul brood: boil honey fully and feed it back in the spring and render his combs up; with European foul brood, the same thing. There is no particular object as a rule in feed- ing bees because they have foul brood; 'the thing is — to get rid of it in the fall of the year and not wait until another season rolls round and then -have a time with it. Tin Separators. "Will bees work on tin or in tin separators as well as wood?" Pres. Huffman — I would say, no. Mr. Whitney — Perhaps I have had a little experience in using tin separa- tors that may be of some use in ans- ILLINOIS STATE BEE-KEEPERS' ASSOCIATION 111 wering this question. I have never seen any difference between the wood and the tin. We have had tin separators with % in. perforated holes throug-h so that the hees could pass through and they ■worked very well. I do not think there was as much bur comb attached to the tin as there would have been to the wood. Mr. Boyden — I believe that was the reason the bee supply people discarded the tin separator; that the bees would not work quite as well as with the wood ; with the plain tin separator the bees are not able to go up and down in it as they are on the wood. We used them several years ago, but are not making any at the present time. Mr. Whitney — Do you use perfora- tions? Mr. Boyden — Xo, I think not. Mr. Whitney — Perforations I think are a benefit. Pres. Huffman — I never used a per- forator, but, as Mr. B'oyden says, one reason the manufacturer or dealer dis- carded them was because they consid- ered them useless. I used 3,000 tin sep- arators for two years, and then quit. I could not get my bees to work up in the upper story or super with them on; but put in a frame without them, and they would use the sections immedi- ately; if kept on the tin they would keep shy of it, so I cut out tbe tin separator. Mr. Whitney — I never had anv trou- ble. Mr. Dadant — Mr. York, who has been President of this Association ever since its organization, is, for the first time, absent from this mieeting, and Dr. Miller wiho has always been with us, is to- day absent. We have a Committee on Resolutions; I move you that the Com- mittee on Resolutions draw up a set of resolutions setting forth that we miss both of these men greatly, and are very sorry they cannot be with us at this meeting. Mr. Pyles — I would spggest, Mr. President, that a copy of such resolu- tions be sent to the two parties, Mr. York and Dr. Miller. Pres. Huffman — ^We will so order it, without putting any motion. You can go ahead and do the same; I think Mr. Pyles' suggestion is a good one. Melting Old Combs. "What system do you use in melting old combs?' Mr. Dadant — It would be a different system for every one 'here, unless they all used the same kind of presses. We use nothing but the Hershiser press; Outside of that, I could not tell you about melting- old comibs, because we nev*er melted them excepting- with the solar extractor. Maybe some other would be satisfactory to bee-keepers and less expensive than the Hershiser; but we consider that a very success- ful machine. Mr. Dittmer — As a rule we refuse to take old comb, sometimes we have to. We have in use no presses except the Kretchener. We use large tanks that hold 500 pounds, in ^vhich the old combs are placed packed in gunny sacks, weigh it down, and fill it with water; let it boil; after cooling we have a cake of wax at the top; that is the only way we have of melting old combs; we have seen no need of a regular wax press. Mr. Huffman — Do j'ou think that in boiling Avax you hurt it any? Mr. Dittmer — Not if you pack it all in a gunny .sack and weight it down; the dirt remains at the bottom. You have a clean cake of wax in that way; it may need a little separating. Pres. Huffman — You did not notice much wax in the waste? Ml-. Dittmer — Bj- the Hershiser press you might have a little more. We don't have very much; I do not keep many bees; we don't care to have old combs shipped to us. Mr. Kannenberg — Do you not find that the wax cakes considerably on the inside of the cloth? Mr. Dittmer — It may stick on the inside, but if the combs are broken up and soaked in warm water before it is put into the sacks . you get nearly all of it; if you put it in whole, the wax will stay in the cocoons. Mr. Kannenberg — Won't the wax stay in the inside of the cloth? Mr. Dittmier — No, not if you have it hot enough; I have noticed it staying ' in cocoons if not broken up. Mr. Cavanagh — Is it not injurious to the wax to boil it too long? Mr. Dittmer — Yes, if you boil it too long; I boil it long enough until I think I have it all, and then I turn off the fire and let it cool. :\rr. Cavanagh — I have rendered a good many combs, occasionaly with the Hatch press. I bought a Hershiser and we figured 75 cents a day to a man 112 TWELFTH ANNUAL REPORT OP THE using the Hershiser press. Give me the Hatch press every time. Mr. Bull — We have one of the Root, Hatch presses; bought it six years ago and have had nothing else since. Mr. Dittmer — They have the same thing in Wisconsin — one of our best bee-keepers in Wisconsin runs a Hatch press. Mr. Dadant — I have never used the Hatch press; but we melt up with our Hershiser the slum gum and stuff we get from beeswax, settlings, dirt and all that, and our experience has been different from Mr. Dittmer, in the fact that Tve render up I don't know how many thousands of pounds of old combs 'for bee-keepers during the year. We did not want to do it, but we got started, and we now work on shares. We take a s'hare of the wax and pay the man sending it for his share. We have rendered one or two thousand pounds of beeswax out of old combs during the last season. We do not like to do it, but when some one sends old comTas, we don't want to send them back. I might say in this connection that we have the Hershiser press attached to our steam plant, by running a pipe into the press, we can bring it to a boiling point very quickly, and stop it as quickly, and it is an easy matter for us to get wax out of the old combs; and there is nothing left in the combs after the Hershiser has done its work, but there is some objection to the qual- ity of the wax; it is sometimes a little i3ark. Mr. Bull — I can melt the oldest, blackest brood combs and get clean wax; two meltings of the wax. Mr. Cavanagh — In regard to melting wax: I want to ask Mr. Dadant whether or not it is practical to have a larger vat for a great many combs:- you take the ordinary stock tank, 2x2 x 4 — ^^having a steam pipe running in there to heat the water, and put those comibs in with the frames. Then fill the steam heated vat with combs, and give them a little time to soak up, to get the wax thoroughly loosened — Could not a practical arrangement "be 'made in that way to handle five times the capacity of the Hershiser press? Mr. Dadant — It deipends on the in- genuity of the fellow who got it up and worked it, how practical it would be. We loaned the Hershiser press several times to people who had fout 'brood and they operated it and got lots of wax, but I said to them' — "Let ■me have that slum gum and I will take it home and see what I can do with it." We got enoug^h out of the slum gum to make the wages of the man working it, three or four times over, with the Hershiser press; it depends on the operation, largely. "A quart of honey costs a butcher 45 cents. How much should he sell it for?" Mr. Cavanagh — 46 cents. Feeding Bees Candied Sugar? "Has any one had any experience in feeding the bees candied sugar?" Mr. Dadant — We have British Bee Journals, and several other Journals from England, and in those Journals it is advertised heavily by Bee Supply dealers that they feed soft sugar can- died; it is advertised by probably a dozen people; evidently they must use it in England in large quantities or there would not be so many advertising it. ' Pres. Huffman — I believe the last Gleanings, but one, advocated the feed- ing of candied sugar; Mr. Boyden may- be could tell us something about this. Mr. Boyden — I have not had time to read the last Gleanings; I have it hree. Mr. Dadant — That was for spring feeding, was it not? An article 'by A. C. Miller. Pres. Huffman — You will find it on page 7 of Gleanings. Mr. Pyles — I believe it would be well to adjourn until tomorrow. I move that we adjourn. Motion seconded and carried, that Convention adjourn until 9:30 o'clock Thursday morning, October 31st, 1912. THURSDAY MORNING, OCTOBER 31. Meeting called to order by the Presi- dent, Mr. Huffman, at 10 o'clock. Pres. Huffman — It has been urged that w6 ask more questions. This conven- tion is a convention of ques'tions. The papers have not materialized very well, so that we would like to have you ask questions; probably you can bring out as much, for discussion, in that way as thougth we had written papers. This is your meeting; what is your pleasure? I have a paper here from Mr. E. D. Townsend. The secretary will read it Mr. Dadant — I asked Mr. Townsend jiLLiINOIS STATE BEE-KEEPERS' ASSOCIATION 113 for a paper on "What limitations, if any, there should be on the work of the National Bee -Keepers' Association for its members," and I have a letter here in reply, which I will read: To the Members of the Chicago-North- western Bee-Keepers' Association, Assembled: Esteemed Members: It is with no little regret when I say that it will be impossible for me to be with you at your meeting the l&th and 20th of the month (December, 1912), inasmuch as I would dike to share in the good things that are sure to develop in such an august body as the Chicago-Northwestern Association is composed of. As it will be impos- sible to meet with you at this time I hope you will all meet me at the National meeting in Cincinnati, February 12-13, 1913, and I extend to you an invitation. Your efficient Secretary, Mr. Dadant, would like me to tell you of the future plans of the National Association, inas- niiuch as he asks — "What limitations, if any, should there be on the work of the National Bee-Keepers' Association for its members. It is usually the better way, in carry- ing on a discussion, to leave the main or most important points of our argu- ment until the last, but I am going to tell you at the very start that the limi- tations of the national to itsi members will be determined almost wholly by the number we have from year to year; or, in other words, the support we get in number of members will determine the amount of good that can be done the members. It is a self-evident fact that the larger the membership, the more each individual may expect from the association. To illustrate: A branch of the Na- tional asked us for a price on a car of supplies for their individual members, and we are "turned down" because we are not strong enough to be considered a "factor." Had we been ten thousand strong, manufacturers of bee supplies would have "tumbled over themselves" in their haste to serve us. As it is we will have to do the best we can until such a time as our request will be honored. We will offer the members a few more articles during next than this year, at a less price than outsiders have to pay. Enough so that every member ought to get his money's worth, and some more, during next year, if he ■needs anything in the line we can get — -S ^ for him. It is not our policy to make promises, but I think none will be sorry they are members during 1913, for we are going to make a special effort to "make good" during next year. Let us retrospect a little lest we forget what the National has already done for us. My memory goes back over several j^ears when the National helped its members fight their^ rightful legal battles in a financial way. Liikely the greatest victory won was what is known as the Arkadelphia case (52 Ark., 23), where a case was carried to the Supreme Court by the National, and won, declaring bees not a nuisance and placing them on an equal with domestic animals, or other personal property. At the present time this feature of the National (although there may not be (anything to hinder) has not been pushed as in previous years, although a considerable moral weight has been brought to bear upon a few cases, and we are pleased to say that this has had the desirable effect in several cases. By the inquiries we are receiving, it is evident that this protection feature of the National was well taken by a considerable number of our members, while a considerable number would not care fdr this feature. Knowing the sentiment of many of our members, I would encourage and recommend that an auxiliary to the National be formed for the purpose of protecting its members in their right- ful, legal bee suits in their respective individual locations. To the best of my judgment, not more than half of the members of the National Associa- tion would care for this protection feature, so why ask these members to help support something they care nothing about and do not want? The National has all the machinery necessary to carry oh this work and I assure you that the officers are very willing to do anything to benefit the members within their power. As the amount of money necessary to prose- cute this work would be indefinite, and an annual due might amount to too much, or might not be sufficient in amount, as the demands will deter- mine, I would suggest that the better way for raising funds for this pur- pose would be by the assessment plan. To illustrate my idea: We will sup- pose that eight hundred would respond to the first call for members; they each paying in a dollar for defense 114 TWELFTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE funds, would make eight hundred dol- lars to begin with. When this fund shall be depleted to one hundred dol- lars, or less, an assessment would be necessary to replenish the fund. Some by-laws would be necessary. For in- stance, after the charter members, no member would receive benefits for the first six months of his membership. This feature would protect the old members against some one already in trouble dropping in. Neither should a new member be liable for an assess- ment during the first six months of his membership. This whole matter can easily be worked out if it is thought best to undertake it, and the National manage- ment are willing to go ahead and work out the scheme as soon as the mem- bers request it. I have been drifting from the sub- ject, but to return. The members are now buying their tin and glass for containers of extracted honey at about 25 per cent less money than before the National undertook the supplying of the members with these goods. The members present ai'e asked to kindly give the National credit for this sav- ing to them. On June 1, 1912, the Directors of the National bought the Bee-Keepers' Re- view for the members. Since that time the Review has paid all expenses of the National, besides paying for its own publication, with very bright pros- pects ahead for the future. The directors do not claim any very great credit for their part in the trans- action, for we know very well that this could not have been achieved had it not been for the very loyal support of the members, for which the nianage- ment is very grateful indeed: In closing, I cordially invite ever'*' member present to meet with us in Cincinnati, February 12-13, 1913. As ever yours, E. W. TOWNSEND. Pres. Huffman — You have heard he reading of the paper; it is open for discussion. You may ask any ques- tions you may see fit to. There are some questions he has suggested that might be well for us to take up and discuss. I think perhaps some of the members may look at it a little dif- ferently than he does; I do for one. I want to say in regard to this paper — don't be afraid to ask questions and tell what j-ou think, because of the fact that this letter is from one of the directors of the National Associa- tion. They are our servants, and if they do not suit us, let them know it. If you have anything to say for or against, make your appeal now. Mr. Dadant — In one place in the paper you will notice that Mr. Towns- end said he asked for a price on a carlot of bee supplies for his members. As you all know, I am connected with a bee supply manufacturer, and ought not to have anything to say, but I know how those things are handled. Bee supply manufacturers, such as the A. I. Root Company, and Lewis, have their jobbers throughout the country, and they have gone to no little trouble to work up a trade so that they could handle the stuff in carload lots and distribute it. If the factory had gone to work and sold these supplies, the Association would simply put their jobber out of that much trade; the jobber would have had to live on what little trade he could get up, when the people wanted a few sections or a few 'ives, as the case may be. Mr. Huffman — If jou will permit me to say a few words, I want to say this in\ regard to this . same question that the secretary has been talking about: Circulars were sent to cur section of the country, claiming that certain goods could be bought cheaper, and a better article. We in our section of the country investigated, to a certain extent, and found out that the can they recommended, as to the number and quality, was light in weight. Heavier weight could be bought for less money. If there 'is anything to what they claim, I would like to have them explain where it is, and how it is. To change over to another thought in this paper, as I remember it, some twenty years ago, in the state of Wis- consin, at Richland Center, the Na- tional was organized for the benefit of its members and to protect and in- sure them against any trouble. It was started for that purpose and it was kept up along that line all these years, until the new constitution came up, and now they want to make a new association, and we pay one dollar. Are we going to do this simply because they want more money? I say no. If our National Association cannot be run for what it was organized, and for -what it was intended, I for one don't want anything of that kind. ILLINOIS STATE BEE-KEEPERS' ASSOCIATION 115 Mr, Pyles — I don't think that the president has any right to claim any privilege that he would not accord the members. When he talks, it is for puWication. Pres. Huffman — This paper is for our benefit, and he is our servant. I want you people, if you have anything to say, to say it. Mr. Pyles^ — The question is, whether it is best to say anything. Of course, we might get back on this co-opera- tion line, and we tabooed that question yesterday, and after the meeting was , over and Mr. Cavanagh was so anxious for a discussion, and I walked off and left him, he said I was afraid, so we had better be careful about that part of it. I can buy bee supplies — the kind I want — as cheap as the National can buy them for me. I am buying 4x5 sections for $2.75 and $3.25, and I am reasonably sure that the National will not be. able to buy them any cheaper for ine. I am reasonably sure that that is as cheap as the jobber is get- ting those sections for from the fac- tory. They are, of course, an odd size, but I can transact that business more satisfactorily than any one can for me, I believe. A year ago I stated, and I so state, that if the National Bee-Keepers' As- sociation can give nie value received, I do not care if the dues -are $5.00; but If I do not get value received, I am opposed to paying $1.0-0. There is no charity connected with this; neither am I interested in the National Bee-Keepers' Association owning and publishing a paper. As long as the editor that has gone owned the -paper, or controlled it, and aided it with his wonderful ability, we received value for our money. I am not saying any- thing against the present editor, but the bee-keeping world at large lost a great deal in the death of Mr. Hutchinson. It is a question in my mind whether there is any one to take hisi place. If it had been left to me, I would have been opposed to the National Bee-Keepers' Association tak- ing charge of the Bee -Keepers', Review, or any other paper. The way the Na- tional was run before the present con- stitution went into effect suited me fairly well. I got a letter from one of the officers of one of the National Bee-Keepers' Associations before tfie vote was taken on that. He did not suggest how I would vote, but he was opposed to it. He was one of the of- ficers of the National Bee-flKeepers' As- sciclation, whom I have as much respect for and confidence in as any man in the association. You can draw your own conclusions. I do not know much about what cans can be bought for. I am paying for mine 30 cents, and I pay the freight,. 60 -pound can (two in one). I will say this about co-operation, in answer to what Mr. Dadant said, that a man has a right to that which he makes. He has a perfect right to that, and he does not have any right anywhere else. If he can get anything else besides that he seemingly is ahead, but his right ceases when it begins to infringe on the other man's right. Pres. Huffman — I might add an- other thought right there in addition to what the gentleman has just said, and to my remarks on the question of cans. We have had prices from the Na- tional and also from Chicago, they claiming a better quality of tin than we could get here. The parties we were getting of here claimed in num- ber 7 per cent better. We got them for less money, and saved freight from Detroit to Chicago, and in buying from the National we would have had to buy direct from them f . o. b. Michigan, so we considered the freight proposi- tion an item. There was about 1 cent difference in the price as to the can, single square can, boxed, and if they can show me (I am like the fellow from Missouri), I am willing to patron- ize the National, and if they cannot, I am not. I would like to hear from Mr. Cav^anagh. He has the paper in hand. (Mr. Townsend's letter.) Mr. Cavanagh — I have got the paper, and all that is in it, but not much be- sides. In this organization, on the new basis, including the Review, I have been watching them, and there are two things I see they are talking of incorporating. One is to supply its n>embers with supplies; another is the legal protection, a form of insurance, same as liability insurance against getting into trouble. As a rule, when a man gets into any financial difficulties he is to blame; he was either a blockhead when he started out or a blockhead for not getting out of it. I am not very much im- pressed with that part of it for that reason. I had experience with the 116 TWELFTH ANNUAL. REPORT OF THE National a few years ago. They printed a god deal about how many people they helped out. I went up into Michigan and was going to buy an apiary up there and I paid the man $15 as a retainer. He was clever enough to put it in that way, and then I found out that he had foul brood, so I, of course, was a member in good standing of the National, and so was our other friend, and I called up Mr. Taylor, who then was the inspector of apiaries. I think he held an oflice in the National. He said tO' me: "You have a criminal case against him." That sounded good to me, tout the way the thing wound up, I let him get $7.50 in order to obtain a settlement, and the National did not do anything; they did not put the man out that I know of. I was glad to get away with the other $7.50 and go home. I do not believe we ought to protect every man who puts his bees where they bother people. I do not Ibelieve we ought to pay for those things. If a man wants legal protec- tion let him hire an attorney to help him out. Every one of us gets into a little difficulty occasionally. What is the use of running with our trouble to the National unless it is as a last resort? If they can do anything, all right, by writing letters and in that way. That is about what liability in- surance amounts to — protection against . accidents. If they are big enough and can put up a fight they can accomplish results. It is a good deal on the same principle as accident insurance. We expect they are going to be big enough and look big enough to see the other party back down. Supposing some party puts bees where they are a nuisance, and they find the man is in the wrong, and pay $25 in defending him. So far as the proposition of buying is concerned: If a man will use a little business common sense in buy- ing, he can buy direct as cheaply. The way to buy is first to find out who the people are that have these commodities to sell, and then take their bid. If we have any commodity we want to buy, we go directly to the place it is sold. As in Chicago, for instance, we see who deals in these things and get their prices. The co-operative proposition is all right, tout I claim that if the National is going to be co-operative, let them cut out the big profit they are putting on cans. If they are going to assess the members, why put a profit on it? If they are not going to assess the members, a legitimate profit is all right to carry overhead expenses, but not both of them. That is the way it looks to me. Pres. Huffman — I guess we all look at it in the same way; they Avant a little profit out of it. They are talk- ing of having it re-organized as an association for buying, the way I un- derstand the paper. Mr. Pyles — Along this line of protec- tion, Mr. President, I might tell of one case I know of — the man, Mr. Nj'deg- ger, of Danville, 111. The city of Dan- ville -passed an ordinance prohibiting the keeping of bees within the city limits. Mr. Nydegger was within the city limits, although he owned four acres of land, with his house on it. At that time the National was back- ing people, and I might say also that the general manager never backed any man when he was in the wrong. He advised him to settle, and that is the way the management should be con- ducted at all times. When a man is in the right, stand behind him. and when he is in the wrong tell him so. Mr. Nydegger called to see the mayor of Danville after they passed this ordinance. The mayor said: "The ordinance has been passed; I have got to enforce it." Mr. Nydegger said to him-: "I am not violating any law where it inter- feres with anybody's right; my bees are being cared for and they do not injure anything or anybody. I am a mem- ber of the National Bee-Keepers' As- sociation; they are ready to help me fight my battle. I am- going to take care of my bees in the right way, on my property, and they will not in- jure anybody, and you people put up your fight when you get ready.- I mig-ht say that the law is stUl on their books in Danville; the law has never been repealed or enforced. His being a member of the National had some Weight, and their knowing that Mr. France always put up a fight when the men was in the right had its influence. Pres. Huffman — A party being a member of the National may be in the right or in the wrong, but that has its influence. Mr. Cavanagh — If you can get a man to understand thiat, the way the Liability Companies handle their affairs, it is all right. ILLINOIS STATE BEE -KEEPERS' ASSOCIATION 1«7 Pres. Huffman — I think we under- stand Mr. Pyles in regard to the re- marks he made; that was the way the manager of the National handled things at that time. If the party was in the wrong, he did his best to have it settled outside of the National. Mr. Cavanagh — The weight that a letter has from the National often will decide those things. One time I had an account for honey I sold and the man refused to pay up; he kept claim- ing the honey was not sold, and gave one reason and another for nearly a year. He was advertising 1u Gleanings. I wrote to the Root Com- pany and they told him his advertising account would be at an end if he did not square up, and he squared up promptly. There is a way out of these things. I want to tell the members of the Association, who are not familiar with the workings of the Colorado Associa- tion, that they are doing business, I believe, on business principles. They have an Association consisting of bee- keepers who buy stock in the Colorado Bee-Keepers' Association, at Denver, with Mr. Rauchfuss as manager. They have a stock company composed of its members, who take so many shares at $10 a share each, and the Company buys their honey at a stipulated price for the quality bought, or handles it on commission. It is all graded by the manager. Mr. Rauchfuss, or his assistants. They have an up-to-date company; they own their own bottling plant. They use Denver as a dis- tributing point; they sell honey in small sized glass packages to the job- bing or retail trade, and sell honey also in a wholesale way. I believe they also sell bee supplies to their members, and sell outside; in fact they conduct a general honey and supply bu.siness on a business basis all the ^■ay through. At the end of the year, having counted all expense for operating and overhead expense, and on the other side the profits of the business, they declare a dividend to the bee-keepers or to the members of that stock com- pany, and Mr. Poster told me last year that since they have been in that com- pany they declared a dividend of, I think, something like 10 per cent, so that they had got interest on their money and at the same time had re- ceived the Ijenefits of the Association in the selling of their honey at good prices and a ready market without any trouble. The members turn their honey over to the Stock Company As- sociation and receive dividends at the end of the year and also good prices for their honey. That strikes me as a business propo- sition through and through. I would like to see (not for my own particular benefit but for the beheflt of bee-keepers at learge) such a busi- ness proposition promoted here as has been done by the men in Colorado; men who are not only bee-keepers, but men of good common sense; it cer- tainly is a success there. We want something of that kind here; some- thing that will run right along suc- cessfully as does this Colorado Asso- ciation. Mr. Dadant — I might call attention to the fact that that Association is radically different from the National, from the fact that they have all got to put in enough so it makes it worth their while to concentrate their efforts. If a man has a crop of honey he sells it through his Association, he does not look around for other buyers; he lets his Association sell it for him, and in that way they keep the prices on a uniform basis. You do not often And a man, though, like Mr. R., He works his head off;, he is an indefatigable worker. I do not know of any one who works like he does; he works very hard for the little he gets out of it; I will make an exception to that statement— Mr. France of Wisconsin. Pre=. Huffman — As I understand you, they are incorporated. Mr. Dadant — They are. Mr. Cavanagh — I had a letter from Mr. France, in reply to one which I wrote him. He has always helped the bee-keepers, gratis, and I wrote to him about buying and selling honey, and he wrote back a card and said he had been left out of everything, and he feels a little bit hurt. Mr. Franpe has been a faithful, hard worker, and a rrrand mc-.n. I think it would be a pretty nice thing for this convention to draft a resolution and send to Mr. France. I was in Wisconsin one year when he was acting as Inspector and I know what everybody in Wisconsin thinks of Mr. France, and I believe we all think the same of him throughout the bee-keeping fraternity. 118 TWELFTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE Mr. Pyles — I don't know that it would, be necessary to make a motion to instruct the committee to draft a resolution. Pres. Huffman — If the committee see fit to do that I think it would be in order. Pres. Huffman — We all recognize the fact, and know, w^hat Mr. France has been to the toee-keepers of the United States. Mr. Dadant — I do not believe that very many people even in the National Association know Mr. France intimately and know how miuch he has done for the Bee-Keepers' Association, free, that is, without a cent of remuneration or recompense, when he was General Manager of the National Association — if there was not money enough for his salary, he has gone without a salary, and has dug down in his own pocket to pay for a report and for other things when he did not know where the money would come from; and I tell you you do not find many people that are built that way, and he deserves more credit than any man I know of. Pres. Huffman^ — I know Mr. France personally; have known him for years, and he is a near friend of mine. I ask the committee to w^rite up the resolu- tion, as they expressed it, in regard to that proposition, and hand it in to Mr. Dadant. Shipping Bees in Carload Lots. "How to ship bees in carload lots?" Pres. Huffman — Has any one had any experience? We ought to have Mr. AUers here to tell that. We have a man here who has been doing the same thing, they tell me, so let us hear from them. Mr. Pyles — I never ship any bees in carload lots, but this question is easily answered, without having had any ex- perience whatever; just answer the question as it is asked — 'How to ship them? Ship them by freight of course; that is the only way to ship in car- load lots. The question does ask any- thing about the preparation. Mr. Dadant — The person who handed in that question might suggest what is desired to be known about shipping bees in carload lots. Mr. Simmons — The idea was — the preparation, of course; the shipping part is of course understood; the only •way to ship is by freight; the question has reference to the preparation of the honey for shipment, and how to pro- ceed along the route. Mr. 'Cavanagh — I see several looking at me. I sprung a proposition to the Root Company three years ago: It was to migrate between the North and the South at the end of the fall flow here; drive the bees from their combs into a cage which was so constructed that the bees could cluster throughout the cage and be supplied during the journey with food and w^ater; and my proposition was to make the cage com- pletely surrounded by wire cloth, so that there would be free ventilation; put from about 4 to 6 hundred cages in a refrigerator car, well supplied with water and feed; shoot them through on fast freight The cage was to be constructed the same as a hive so that when we put the bees in the cage we smoked the bees down into it, and on reaching its destination re- move the cover from the cage, and place an empty set of combs above. This would necessitate having oile set of combs in the North and another set of combs in the South, andi in the South where thenioths are bad would necessitate keeping some bees' the year round as a protection to the combs. This great scheme was to secure the Tupelo flow in the South from Florida, or other fllowering plants in Texas, or wherever the bees were temporarily located, and returned the bees to the North again in time to catch the clover. It would be one continual round of pleasure for the bees. The idea was to work in summer and winter and keep the bees busy all the time, so that in the fall of the year when we shipped the bees South, we would have a full strong hive of young bees in the very best possible condi- tion to put to work, and' we could divide the swarms in the South and work to increase, or any other way you took a notion. That is a theoreti- cal stunt. The Root people have been snipping bees around the past summer and taking this up in a practical way, and trying it out and meeting with considerable success. They have shipped 5 colonies of bees in cages and have had them come through in good condition ; demonstrating the fact that shipping bees, any time, same as we shipped horses. The great objection is the hard work attached to it and having to run two IKLINOIS STATE BDE-KEEPERS' ASSOCIATION 119 systems, one in the North and one in the South, and the excessive freight charges on a carload of bees. From my point, or in the vicinity of Chicago, it would be about IISO'.OO to the South- ern part of the United States; add to that the operating expenses, and the expenses of teams or motor trucks to take the bees to and from the car, it would amount to $250.00 for the trip each way; that is quite a considerabple amount of money it would require. On the other hand, we would gain here in the North where we give our bees forty pounds of honey for win- ter; w^e would gain in a large measure that honey we used for winter, and we would have to balance our expense in operating in the South — We would be carrying our bees in the South 'practically the same ' as. otherwise in the North. I think the ^cheme can be worked out practically in time, when w^^e know more about fehipplng bees. The Root people are trying it out for us, and I think in another year they will be shipping carloads of bees in cages with success. So far as shipping bees in hives — that is a different propo- sition. The main thing to do then is to give the bees a large enough hive, and screen enough to ventilate; give them space to cluster in outside of their brood nest, and go with them and sea that they are watered. Mr. Ahlers shipped one carlot of bees in a re- frigerator car, but this car has not been tried out sufficiently to demonstrate whether it is as good as a stock car or not; some one said he used a re- frigerator car and went up against it. That ice all melts and there is no way to replace it -while the cars are en- route. My proposition with reference to the refrigerator car was that the bees should go through and have the jour- ney well routed beforehand, as I al- ways do when shipping bees, and have it understood at every junction as to w^hat service they should get. My proposition was to have an electric fan, so that when the refrigerator car was not running or if that car was sidetracked, the electric motor could be started and the circulation kept up. Of course the cages should be ofE the floor enough to give circulation under- neath, and have the ventilation dis- tributed through the whole set of cages. Pres. Huffman — ^I iwould like to ask Mr. Cavanagh one question in regard to this new plan. What would you do with your brood you had in the North? Mr. Cavanagh — ^I would have none until after the first of October; I would not take them' up until the brood is entirely hatched; just save the comb; there would be no brood in either your location or ours after the first of Octo- ber. Receiving Bees by the Pound. "How many have had success in re- ceiving or shipping bees by the pound?" Mr. Kneser — We got some bees shipped as late as July first; of course this was a very good year, but it did not need feed; one comb of frameS' to help them along in splendid condition. We got a few shipped from Alabama in May, and also in June; one half of those made enough honey to pay all expenses; I think it is the only way. I gave each colony about one or two frames of brood to help them along. Q'hey came in excellent condition; we gave them brood or honey, whatever I had. A member — How were they shipped? Mr. Kneser — %lb. packages by ex- press, and express is not very high either. Pres. Huffman — What is the weight of your package? Mr. Kneser — % pound. If I buy again I would rather get a pound. Mr. Pyles — There is one thing Mr. Kneser I believe neglected to say: That he had quite a death loss. This is a great benefit where we had such •winter losses as last winter. I have been out to their place and looked through some of the stuff that he has got; it is a very nice lot of stuff. I believe Mr. Kneser is working out his own problems all right; but what Mr. Kneser would do and find it a success, the next man, living within a mile of him, would make a failure of because he would not work it out along the same line. You had a queen with each pound of bees? Mr. Kneser — Yes, sir. A member — I would like to ask Mr. Kneser a question; in a state like Michigan, they would not allow you to go along with the car; would you go as a passenger? Mr. Cavanagh — They will allow you to go along with the car but you must pay full passenger fare; you have to buy a ticket from the railroad trans- 120 TWELFTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE portation company at the starting point. You are obliged to go with a car of bees in shipping in carload lots or less than carloads. Pres. Huffman — Has any one else had any experience in shipping bees by the pound? Mr. Kannenberg will give us a talk on— ""^^Tiich I like Best— The Deep or the Shallow Fi-ames for Extracting." "Which I Like Best— The Deep or The Shallcw Frames Extracting." Mr. Kannenberg — I have not much on this subject because I don't think it is of much use anyway. "Deep and Shallow Frames for ex- tracting— Which do I like best? If I would run more than the one apiary I would prefer the deep frame with a queen excluder, so that the queen could not get in the upper story, and keep her confined in the brood chamber. I have tried it without an excluder but I have found more or less that the queen goes up above when she gets crowded down below unless you Avait until tl'e honey flow sets in; then the \vo!ker bees will not be likely to let lur up above, on account of honey ciimiiig- in so fast, to fill in the cells, not to giA^e her a chance to lay eggs, and vhen on the other hand I like deep frames because you can give them more room. They are not able to swarm so quick and you have to pay not so much attention to them, as you would liave to do by shallow frame, iout in handling the deep frame I be- lie\e it i5= hard work, because if they are full of honey, one man cannot hardly handle them, and in uncapping the honey the deep frame is so broad for the uncapping knife, that it takes a good steady hand to run your knife straiglit over the capping; if you cut in too deep you are liable to spoil the comb, and if your knife is too cold it can happen very easily. In all, what I have said about the deep extracting frame, I would come to the conclusion that I would rather prefer the shallow frame for extracting where a man only has one apiary; he will have time enough to look after them so that when they are filled up with honey he can give them some more frames and I know when the honey flow is on, the queen will not go up in the frame; and one man can handle the shallow supers very easily; he does not have to have one of those hiye lifters; and as to extracting the shallow frame it is much easier to run the uncapping knife over it; if your knife is warm you can take it off all at once; that is the reason that I like the shallow frame the best. But if there is any one here who thinks differently than I do, then now is the time to discuss it. I was only asked to give my opinion as to which I liked the better, the deep or the shallow frame. I like the shallow frame. C. F. KANNENBERG." Pres. Huffman— Does any one wish to ask Mr. Kannenberg any questions m regard to the paper? Mr. Bull— I would like to ask the members of the Convention tiow many prefer the shallow and how many pre- fer the deep frames for extracting. Pres. Huffman— The shallows have It; but it is a little shallow. I am for the deep frame. Mr. Bruner— As to the way Mr Kannenberg gets his bees off the frames: I put boards under the frame one evening and the next morning the bees are all out. I take the frame off, and m the summer when it is warm. I set it down in some corner; in a half hour the bees are all out without putting the board on. Mr. Cavanagh— I v.-oud like to ask Mr. Kannenberg, while he is fussing about putting that board under, why he does not take the honey off and ex- tract it; while it is hot instead of bothering the bees twice. Mr. Kannenberg— Brush the bees off? Mr. Cavanagli — Yes. Mr. Kannenberg— I don't want to fuss with that brushing them off. Pres. Huffman— I would like to ask Mr. Kannenberg a question along that line: If you want to extract three or four thousand pounds in one day, could you get your bees off the supers; in order to do that you would have to do it the day before, would you not? l^r. Kannenberg— Yes, the day be- fore. Mr. Dadant — Mr. Cavanagh said he would take the honey right off. I would like to ask him — do you extract while the crop is over? Mr. Cavanagh — While it is over or not; we don't have any trouble with robbing; we have to attend to busi- ness. With our system of extracting, we are here today and gone tomorrow; ILiLINOIS STATE BEE-KEEPERS' ASSOCIATION 121 by the lime the bees learn who we are, and' where the honey is, we are at the next yard; the proposition of robbing is due largely to the way you handle the bees; by our system we can remove honey in a dearth (I would almost as soon extract then) ; es- pecially after the honey flow is, over and the brood rearing over also; we are not afraid of distributing foul brood if there should be any. The way we manage when we are taking our last honey off — is to break . the supers up, pry the combs over, and brush the bees off. The bees are sluggish, so instead of working but one hive, we smokp and stir up eight or ten hives to get the bees awake. "We let them know that we are around and work them ahead all the time as fast as we can get ready to use a super of honey; after those bees warm up Ave brush and smoke them down into the brood- nest, take the super off and push it into the extracting house on the motor truck. As fast as those combs are ex- tracted we take them outside from the road a few yards and pile them up criss-cross. Soon the robbers learn that it is easier going in that pile of .supers than to bother around us; so we don't have any difficulty with rob- bers; we fill our cans out of doors, alawys. Sometimes we have to use smoke if through our own carelessness robber.- hv.ve started. Mr. Kanncnberg — I don't use any smolie at all; I never irritate my bees that much that they have to be smoked. I take off the super — mj- bees are as calm as if I never touched them; if I would stir them up — a man in the city or a little village, would have the ordinance right on him, and he would not be able to keep bees. Mr. Cavanagh — If Mr. Kannenberg will pardon me; I think he has a mis- taken idea. We had 50 hives in our back yard in town this summer, and never had any one stung; Ave extracted in that yard in the same way. I can take honey off practically all day and not ha\'e my bees cross in the .yard. The idea of ha\-ing cross bees is be- ca,use you irritate the bees and do not conquer them. If you brush the bees outside of the hive and they haA^e not been conquered, you irritate them; we brush the bees down through the hive so that every bee that goes down into the hive gets over being angry before he sees the light. In the out apiary we don't take any pains to prevent making the bees a little angry now and then. The bees can be handled in town by smoking an<^ brushing if you keep the cross bees under cover; not throw them outside the hive where they can fly up and be angry. Mr. Pyles — ^''hen there is honey coming in, and Mr. Cavanagh is taking off his honey, there is practically no danger at any time; most bees are pretty well filled up with honey. I am a comb honey producer; extracting is a side line with me. I have some deep frames, Avhere we must look for the queen cells, which is a tedious job;, at that time I like the shallow frame the better. I can in this case pry the hive apart and if any queen cells are started thej' will always be along the dividing line, but in the • deep frames it is almost impossible to find the cells without handling each frame separate- ly, which takes entirely too much time. Sometimes the combs are so covered Avith bees that you must get rid of them; then I shake them off. I calcu- late to be master of the situation under all conditions. You must put up a fight as Avell as the bees; you must alAvays have them under control; you must be the boss; handle them as though you knew that yoivcould; keep them under coA'er and they AA'ill be good. Mr. Bull — When I am looking for queen cells, T do not eA-en take the coA^er off. I slide the hiA-e forward on the bottom board V2 inch, then tip the liiA-e back and smoke the bees up and if any queen cells are present they AAill readily be seen. You can take care of 100 hiA'es in tw"o hours. Mr. CaA^anagh— Some people seem to think there is no Avay to look at queen cells but to pull off the co\'er and pry up the honey; you don't have to tear the roof off of the bees' house to do it; just pry up the second story and avoid taking off that cover. When the coA-er is first remoA^ed and bees smoked from above the bees are in the AA-ay if Ave again look beloAV^ for queen cells, whereas, if they break the hive and pry it up and look under they will avoid chasing those bees doAvn to a point of the hive where you do not want them at all. I prefer a deep frame for extracting because we do not Avant to run to the extractor Avith 4 pounds of honey in 122 TWELFTH ANNUAL, REPORT OF THE each comb when we can just as well get 6 or 7. I like to have a shallow super above the brood nest. We try to get just as many sets of comb filled with brood as is possible before the honey flow opens; we run for bees in breeding sea- son. For extracting, the shallow frames are of too sm.all capacity. Mr. Pyles — If Mr. Cavanagh will have an extractor built so he can use two frames, you get just as much honey in your extractor, if you have it built right. I had a little experi- ence along- this line, watching other people's mistakes, and I had my ex- tractor ordered Avith a basket large enough to hold two frames; there is an advantage in having the shallow fra,me all the way through. I do not know whether it is right for me to condemn the deep frame, but I w^ould not want it either in the brood- nest or extracting either. Mr. Cavanagh — We are extracted honey producers; what he says about the shallow comb being the proper size of the extractor basket is only a part of our grievance against the shallow comb. We have to handle two shallow combs where we "vvoud have to handle one deep one; that means a lot when you are in a rush. When a man has deep combs he can take one deep comb in each hand and balance them opposite on each side of the extractor. If he has two shallow combs then he has to be careful or he will not get it even on the other side and get the two combs to balance. The shallow combs are good if they are handled according to the shallow comb method, but for extracting I don't see the advantage. We are not narrow in regard to hives and the way we work — We work our bees on a system that gives full colony of bees in any kind of a hive and any kind of supers, so long as we get the resits. A success in dollars and cents is what we want as we are keeping bees for the money there is in them; I say we are not narrow about it; I have shallow and deep combs, and we try to work with the system that gives the most profit. Pres. Huffman — About getting the bees off the combs and keeping them in the hive — what kind of a brush do you use, Mr. Cavanagh? Mr. Cavanagh — ^We use the Cogsall Bee brush which we buy of Eastern manufacturers, who sell a much more pliable brush; an essential quality. Pres. Huffman— Is it not a fact the strain of bees have something to do with it? Mr. Cavanagh — The easiest bees to get out of the supers are black bees, of course; they will run yet we don't have any trouble with Italians. If you can imagine the position of the honey bee on the comb — ^with the roof of their dwelling being torn off and smoke go- ing along with it, you will understand , why they will run for the bottom of the hive every time. We like the fine strand Cogsall brush; a heavy brusii I think is cruel to the bees and is hard to handle as well. This is the only thing we do not buy from Dadant in the way of bee-supplies. Pres. Huffman — I use a single feather, run along the side of the comb and drive down; I like it better than 3. queen excluder. Mr. Cavanagh — The reason we like the Cogsall brush; is because on ac- coTint of the width we can brush both sides of the adjoining combs at once by turning the brush at the proper angle to bridge the space. How Many Colonies Represented. "How- .many colonies are represented in this meeting?" Pres. Huffman — I think it would be well to get some kind of an idea as to how many colonies are represented here — the reporter asked this question, (2459 colonies) reported by 16; average of isa; Mr. Bull and Mr. Cavanagh report the largest number: SOO. Honey Clear of Settlings. "What is the best and quickest way to get honey clear of settlings?" Mr. Bull — ^What does that mean — when you are melting it? Pres. Huffman — ^When you first ex- tract it. Mr. Bull — Strain it through a coarse screen; take out the coarse material and let the rest settle in the settling tank? it is practically impossible to strain honey and get it clean; it can't be done. Mr. Dadant — ^We see a lot of thesa honey strainers where you draw it off in 60 lb. cans as fast as you can ex- tract it; when it goes upsinddown and finally comes out clear; has any one used these and had any experience along this line? I have always dona like Mr. Bull says; strain it through a ILLINOIS STATE BEE-KEEPERS' ASSOCIATION 123 coarse screen and take out the coarse material and let the rest settle in the tank. Mr. Cavanagh — We have not been able to get a strainer to take care uf bur honey in the yards; it is too thick unless it is excessively hot weather; I use an oil stove under my strainer tank and get better results ; we run our honey pretty fast, to permiit settling so we use a strainer and settling sys- tem' combined. We have a deep tank and a strainer that serves as the equivalent of a basket — with a strainer about 20 inches wide and 30 inches high; when the honey gets down to the cheese-cloth most of the rough material is out of it — the coarse par- ticles, and very little fine material catches in the strainer. Pres. Huffman — You use just the cheese-cloth under that strainer? Mr. Cavanagh — A cylindrical strainer, made out of coarse wire cloth, 20 x 30 inches, with a projection or space un- dierneath it, holds the cheese-cloth strainer. We have been using that this summer and has a larger capacity than that which we have before used. Pres. Huffman — I used the same thing, only I use perforated tin; I used to use the wire; this is smoother and easier to clean. Mr. Cavanagh — Thi® is galvanized or tin wire cloth, very coarse mesh, half inch. Pres. Huffman^ — I would like to ask if there is any one in this Association who has ever used the Townsend method of straining or clarifying honey. He recommended that 3 or 4 years ago; I have not heard much from him since; I tried it and it was not a success for me. Mr. Cavanagh — I tried it and could not see any advantage in the board; could not get it to settle enough. Pres. Huffman — I can see little ad- vantage, for this reason: The honey falling down don't get any further than the board; it won't mix up so much because it don't go direct. Mr. Dadant — I had asked Mr. Wood- man to give us a talk on "Honey Blending — Does it Pay?" We might ask to have somebody here talk on this subject. Pres. Huffman — I, think you have had experience, Mr. Bull, along that line. Mr. Bull — Only a limited experience; well blended honey for selling to the trade has one advantage; jou can hold a uniform grade; if you have two or three different kinds of honey, blend them together, and give your customers a straight grade throughout; that is the advantage. Mr. Dadant — Can j'ou buy cheap grades of honey and mix them with good .grades and make a good average grade to use? Mr. Bull — There are two different kinds of what you might call "cheap grades" of honey; the amber honey is considered a cheap grade; you might find white honey, cheap and of an in- ferior quality; you can get an excellent grade of amber to work all right; the best is the cheapest, always. Mr. Cavanagh — The question has been asked of us — What we use. In regard to honey: There are two dis- tinct qualities, not three; first, body; next, flavor; the body and flavor are the two things that don't get away from us; both we must have. The plan we use — We don't propose to tell every- body hoy we blend our honey; we think we have struck something a little better than the ordinary honey, and we feel that this belongs to us; be- cause I have had 8 or 10 years' ex- perience in blending honey I should not care to give it to the bee-keepers at large; the blended honey is superior to a good many grades of straight honey; in fact it is of a more uniform quality; the customer is familiar with one blend and you can follow it up with the same thing and it will always be satisfactory. Mr. Stockdale — I would like to say that, with Mr. Cavanagh, I think it is a grave error to consider honey ac- cording to color and not flavor; flavor is what the consumer is after; it is body and flavor together; there are many amber honeys, according to my taste, that are not very much superior to lighter colored honey. Mr. Dadant — I would like to ask Mr. Burnett if the lighter colored honeyed, as a rule, commands a better price than the amber; how much the flavor in the white honey has to do with the price it commands. Mr. Stockdale — There is . no question about that. Mr. Burnett — It goes without ques- tion, that clear white honey as a rule brings a higher proce than the ambers, although we have had some ambers that would bring equally as much as 124 TWELFTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE the best white honey; it depends upon the party who wants it quite largely. If we have amber honey that has the flavor and body, a great many people prefer that to the white honey; they have been accustomed to honey with some color to it; of ocurse the white honeys, blended — white clovers, the whiter we get them the better prices they will bring as a rule. Pres. Huffman — You consider the body one main essential thing, I pre- sume? Mr. Burnett — Body and flavor; body first, flavor next. Smoking Bees. "Does it make the bees angry to smoke them too much?" Mr. Kannenberg — Yes. Mr. Pyles — I might ask, Mr. Presi- dent, how much is too much? ~ Pres. Huffman — That is the thought, exactly. Mr. Pyles— They don't get angry %Yith me with my smoking. I have been out over a good part of the State of Illi- nois and in out yards; I have gone into places to inspect the bees where they led me accross the apiaries to the other side, and when I opened the hives I have seen a smile on their faces, and I know that they have been driven out of the yard, and I handled the bees with- out a veil all right. I believe a man is not fit to be a bee-keeper when lie does not know when he has got enough of a good thing. In Galena, at the State Bee-keepers' Association; I went to the place of a man who had 158 colonies; 100 colonies were in first-class condition; the other 50 were kept in soap boxes and such things. The keepers of the apiary were bachelors; two brothers; things were in a very crude condition around their place; they were Germans. When I- got out to their place, they were anxious to have me look at their bees; when they got ready, they brought out a bee veil. I said to them — "I don't need it." They had a jacket and gloves; thej- had a pair of things like you fasten upon your legs when 3'ou ride a bicycle; but I told them I did not need any of these things; he fol- lowed along with those things' in his hands. I got a fire in my smoker. I had a thin soft white shirt on (it was a pretty warm day and I was in my shirt sleeves). When I got near the yard; he said to rrte, "You don't mean to tell me you are going in that bee yard that way; my bees will sting you to death; they get on me and in my clothes; I have to protect myself." I said to him — "Just remember one thing — I have always been master of the situation, and I think I will be in this deal." I went up and opened the hive and brought down the comb to him; I put the comb back on the super and closed the hive up; and when we got through he said to me — "It makes some difference who is handling bees." — That is all there is to it. There is no use in smoking bees for ordinary work; when it is necessary, give them smoke; control them at all times. Mr. Kannenberg — That is just the reason why I am against smoking; I can go in my bee yard and take out any frame in my hive and handle them the way I want to and the bees will just laugh at me. I don't need to smoke my bees. If I get a stinger once in a while I pull it out and that is the end of it; I get no swelling from it; I can handle my bees without smoking. Pres. Huffman — I can handle his bees — with smoke. Mr. Dadant — Mr. President, I would not handle them without smoke, and I want a veil, except in a good honey flow; when there is no honey flow on and the bees are cross, I would rather have a veil; I can go along for a while without one, but I want one where I can reach for it pretty quick! Pres. Huffman — I don't want a veil unless I have to have one, but they have got to be pretty cross before I wear a veil. Mr. Bull — I don't believe there is a colony of bees in the state of Illinois, at any time, from the first day of May until the first day of October, that I cannot handle them without a veil; I don't care how cross they are. Mr. Cavanagh — As to croSs bees — a good deal depends on the location of the apiary; if the bees from infancy have^ been used to seeing people, they will sting much less than they do out in the wilderness, or out where they are not accustomed to seeing people. Another thing about wearing a bee- veil — a veil is liable to injure the eye- sight; my eyesight, they tell me, is somewhat injured through wearing a bee- veil; the man said he could not lay it to anything else; I use a silk veil — never a cotton. ILLINOIS STATE BEE-KEEPERS' ASSOCIATION 125 To Prevent Swarming? ""WTiich is the best to prevent swarming — room above or room be- low?" Mr. Bull — The surest way to prevent swarming is to take one frame of brood with queen and balance of hive full of full sheets of foundation and shake the bees below. Then put on an excluder with supers on top and brood on top of all. Mr. Cadant — That is a room below, then? Mr. Bull — Yes, a room below. Mr. Pyles — Will that prohibit swarming at all times? When the bees have got the swarming fever? Mr. Bull — I have taken colonies with cells sealed ready to swarm and given them that treatment and they have never made any effort to swarm. Pres. Huffman — Do you place the queen excluder between the two colo- nies? Mr. Bull — Certainly. Mr. Dadant — And one frame of brood in the lower story? Mr. Bull— Yes. Mr. Pyles — I presume Mr. Bull is an extracted honey producer; he would not guarantee that in comb honey production. Mr. Cavanagh — You can work that in comb honey production if you put the brood above the comb honey supers and form an auxiliary passage. It has been written up in Gleanings; that plan will work in coonb honey production; I have tried it to a limited extent; it means taking the brood away from us. Mr. Pyles — I believe the bulletin of the Government about it says you will have to go through and cut out the queen cells or the young queen will be reared and then you have trouble; whenever you have a young queen and even an excluder above, you have trouble. If they have made up their minds to swarm, the bees are not going to make any preparation for her to lay below. There is no infallible rule except to remove all brood and set it away on different foundation. If the queen for any cause has a ten- dency toward failing that rule is not infallible, if honey is coming in right. Mr. Bull — I want to make an in- crease instead of setting the brood on top I set them on new stand. I had plenty of swarming, believe me, not once, but three or four times. Pres. HufEman — I think it depends upon what kind of honey you are run- nig for, coimb or extracted. Mr. Pyles is a comb hoey man and Mr. Bull runs for extracted; we have' a man^I pre- sume he is one of the largest pro- ducers in the northwest or in the central part of the states — Mr. Huff- man, of Janesville, Minnesota. In the spring of the year, the first thing he does, before the honey season com- mences, he wraps his swarms with heavy express paper and as soon as the swarm gets strong he lifts hive with brood on top of a hive full of empty combs and the swarm can work below in empty combs; as soon as they are full of brood he puts a queen excluding honey board over the lower story with queen in same hive. Then he puts super on top and he says he invariably has no swarming. He told me last fall, in Minneapolis, (a poor season) he had over 50,000 lbs. of honey. Mr. Cavanagh — The gentleman may think the brood all hatches, but I differ with him; the brood does not all hatch. If he puts that brood nest separated by queen excluder and empty set of combs, it has been demonstrated that that brood is large- ly cleaned out. Mr. Huffman — He lets the lower hive fill up with brood before he puts on the queen excluder; when he gets the lower one full of brood, then he places the queen excluder; and works them down instead of up, and this has a tendency to protect the brood, for the reason that heat goes up and you have the heat where you want it. Mr. Cavanagh — That is diflferent. Mr. Stockdale — Why not leave two hives there the year round? Pres. Huffman — They don't want to handle two instead of one in that Northern country. A member — That extra 50 pounds of honey is not in the lower hive at the end of the season; there is 50 or 75 or 100 above the excluder. I had twenty colonies run that way. They averaged over 100 pounds of extracted above in this poor country here, and did not have over 50 pounds below the excluder at' the end of the season. There was the equivalent of pretty close to 15 or 18 frames of brood there all through the season, up to the first of September. Mr. Bull — That is not what we want 126 TWELFTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE in the clover season; we want all the brood we can get until the honey flow starts and then slow down. Mr. Pyles^ — Locality has everything to do with it. In the vicinity of Chicago, and practically all down the State of Illinois to the center, there is a great deal of sweet clover, and you must have a force of bees at work to take care of the clover. If you stop brood rear- ing at the beginning of white clover you must necessarily have diminished your force of bees to take care of that honey. I want brood rearing to con- tinue from the time they start in the spring; I make a special effort to keep the bees rearing brood right along. I am. in the comb honey business and it take 40 to 80 thousand to gather a crop of section soney, and I must have that number of bees to get the crop ot' honey from the white clover; after that, the more bees I have the merrier. Mr. Dadant — Locality has a great deal to do with it. Mr. Bull speaks of white clover; he wants to urge the 1 rood rearing in the early part of the season liecause he wants producers and he is after bees and he gets them. As soon as the tin-te comes when there are going to be consumers instead of pro- ducers he wants to cut down the brood rearing. We don't want to have a lot of loafers there to eat a lot of our honey; Mr. Bull is right in his locality as to what he does, and Mr. Pyles, in his. When they cut down their lirood rearing, as soon as the white clover is on — how long is that white clover flow going to last? We are like Mr. Pyles — • we keep our brood rearing going along in full blast; sometimes white clover lasts two weeks; if it were only two weeks it would be all right to cut down, but if it is like it was' one year, eleven weeks, we had better have brood rear- ing going right along, especially as we have fall flow coming along the last of August. Pres. Huffman — As a rule people who live in a locality where there is mostly white clover, they know about the life of that plant for honey and for that reason thej^ work accordingly. Wintering Bees. "Would" you under any conditions winter an unusually strong, powerful colony in two story, 16 or 18 hive frames, single or double wall?" Pres. Huffman — I know of a colony wintering out of doors without any protection without any loss; they were in two story hives; they were in a fairly protected location, but in single walled hives. Mr. Cavanagh — That is the secret of sucess, to winter in a sheltered loca- tion; if I had paid attention to that I would have been dollars ahead. Mr. Bruner — I am wintering 12 frame hives, 2 story, lower frame with frame crossways; hive practically square; it is almost impossible for a very strong breeze to get up in the brood nest in the second story with those frames crosis-ways the hive; I am hoping for results. Mr. Dadant — In the matter of loca- tion: Our home j'ard and one of our other yards is located favorably; one on the slope facing south, a hill in front of it; it is practically in a little valley hy itself; that yard had the same pack- ing, exactly, and had worse stores than some of the others that were on the prairie; it came through with less than 10 per cent loss, while we lost 50 and 60 per cent of our colonies where they were in the open prairies and where the wind could get at them. Mr. Pyles — Along this same line — other things being taken into considera- tion (there are some things we don't know about and we are guessing at); I am using a sectional hive; I have largely my own system of handling bees. When the honey flow comes, I raise up the front of the hive and put in 2 in. block; ordinarily at the end of the honey flow I let the hive down: This spring when going through my bees, for the first time I found colo- nies frozen to death; the bees in a cluster, or two clusters. There was a colony with a 2 in. block in front all winter, with oil cloth on top and cover. I said I will let this down so that the bees can't rob it; and I heard a noise, and there was as strong a colony of bees as I want, so it is true we can't always tell. Pres. Huffman — I have read similar evidence as to that in regard to the top of the hive being open and they came through all right. Mr. Kneser — Have you any experi- ence with a tight board fence as a shel- ter ? Pres. Huffman — I think it would be all right if you had it so it would keep out the storm and wind. I have heard some say a tight board fence is detrimental; that the wind will go over ILLINOIS STATE BEE-KEEPERS' ASSOCIATION 127 the top of it and strike down and make it worse than if there was no fence there; I don't think so, but there are always people of different minds. Mr. Pyles — It must necessarilj- go all the way around the yard, and not have it open on two sides, because then the wind will wipe around the fence. It does not do that way with a hill when it comes over. Sometimes the ther- mometer is colder at the foot of the hill than at the top or even when it strikes again. Pres. Huffman — What is your pleas- ure, will you have a session this after- noon? Mr. Dadant — I think we might just as well have a' short session. Mr. Pyles — That suits me all right. I move that we meet at one-thirty this afternoon. Motion seconded and carried. Convention adjourned to meet at 1:30 p. m. Convention convened at 1:30 p. m.. President Huffman called the meeting to order. Pres. Huffman — The first thing in order, I believe, is the report from the Committee on Resolutions; the chair- man of the committee is not here — Mr. Dadant will read the resolutions. Chicago, Illinois, December 19, 1912. Be it hereby resolved that we. the members of the Chicago -Northwestern Bee-Keepers' Convention assembled, do tender a vote of thanks for the use of the hall so kindly donated by the man- agement of the Great Northern Hotel. P. B. Cavanagh, C. P. Kannenberg, 'W. B. Blume. Chicago-Northwestern Convention Assembled. Chicago, Illinois, December 19, 1912. Be it hereby resolved in behalf of our former President, George W. York, that we hereby express our apprecia- tion for the years of faithful service. "We missi you at our convention, but our best wishes and brotherly love follow you to your present home. F. B. Cavanagh, C. F. Kannenberg, W. B. Blume. Committee on Resolution. Chicago, Illinois, December 20, 1912. Be it resolved that we, members of the Chicago -Northwestern Bee-Keep- ers' Association, do hereby express our appreciation of our brother bee-keeper, Mr. N. E. France. As the late manager of our National Association, his servces- have been effi- cient, faithful and untiring. Further- more, we appreciate the work which has been done gratis and without finan- cial consideration. We tender our sin- cere gratitude for the many personal favors to which our Mr. France has so freely given his services'. F. B. Cavanagh, C. F. Kannenberg, . W. B. Blume. Committee on Resolution. Chicago -Northwestern Convention in Assembly, December 19, 1912. Be it hereby resolved. That we, as a Convention, individually miss and real- ize a loss from the absence of our Dr. C. C. Miller. We send you greetings, Doctor, and trust your presence may grace our many future meetings. F. B. Cavanagh, C. F. Kannenberg, W. B. Blume. Committee on Resolution. Pres. Huffman — You .have heard the report of the Resolution Committee, what is your pleasure? All in favor of the reports, manifest it by saying, aye. It is so ordered. It has been suggested that it will be in order to elect a delegate to the Na- tional Convention. As we have 25 members, we are entitled to one dele- gate, and for an extra delegate for every fraction thereof; and I think while we are electing a delegate it would be well to elect an alternate; then in case the delegate cannot at- tend the Convention, the alternate may be able to go. Whom will you have for this dele- gate? We might put it in thig way; do we want a delegate? Mr. Kannenberg — I think we ought to have one; we are entitled to one. Pres. Huffman — What is your opinion in regard to the delegate? Mr. Kannenberg — How should this delegate be elected, by vote or by nomination? Pres. Huffman — That is up to you; if you elect a delegate you can vote by ballot or by acclamation. Mr Cavanagh — Mr. President: Of course we want a delegate; what are we here for? We want a delegate; we 128 TWELFTH ANNUAL, REPORT OF THE want to have something' to say. I move we have a delegate. Motion seconded and carried. Mr. Kannenberg — I nominate brother Cavanagh. Motion seconded. Mr. Pyles — We all sit around here until Mr. Cavanagh comes in, and he is the one mian who seemed to care whether or not we had a delegate; I move that the rules be suspended and that Mr. Cavanagh be elected as a dele- gate to the National Convention, by ac- clamation. Pres. Huffman — You have heard the motion, what is your pleasure? Motion unanimously carried. Mr. Pj'les — Mr. Chairman, I move that there be an alternate elected and in case we are entitled to two dele- gates, that the alternate be the second delegate. Motion seconded and carried. A member — Suppose the first one don't go — then who is your alternate? Pres. Huffman — I understand we have a right to a delegate for each 25 members, and any fraction thereof we have a right to another delegate; I be- lieve I am right; I am not sure. Mr. Dittmer — A delegate casts votes for 25 members, does he not? I believe the delegate is entitled) to vote for 25 members, or fraction thereof. Mr. Pyles — Mr. President, I nominate Mr. Dittmer as alternate. Mr. Kannenberg — I nominate Mr. Pyles. Mr. Pyles — I cannot go; I nominate Mr. Kneser. Mr. Kneser — I want my name with- drawn; I would like to have some one else serve. Pres. Huffman — You have heard the nominations, what is your pleasure? Mr. Pyles — I make a motion that Mr. Kneser be elected to act as alternate, and that the rules be suspended, and he be declared elected. Motion seconded and carried. Pres. Huffman — We will take t/p the Question Box. Pickled Brood. 'What is pickled brood?" Pres. Huffman — We have various opinions on that in a way; can any one answer that question? Mr. Dadant — Just to open it for dis- cussion, I might say that we have had considerable pickled brood this year. I do not know what it is, from personal observation; some claim that it is starved brood; others claim that it Is diseased brood; I do not know the cause. Pres. Huffman — What we are after is to know what it is and the cause. Mr. Pyles or Mr. Cavanagh, can you give us any light on this subject? Mr. Cavanagh — I am afraid I cannot give much light. McEvoy says it is starved brood; it is my opinion that pickled brood is brood that has died from natural causes; it is not a set of decomposition brood that has been healthy but has died from being chilled, over- heated or starved, but no real dis- ease existing. Mr. Dadant — We have an Inspector with us here; we would like to hear from him; Mr. Pyles has looked the question over pretty thoroughlv, I think. Mr. Pyles — Perhaps I was the first man who had the nerve to say that pickled brood and starved brood were two different things; when I wrote about this matter to Mr. Dadant, he said, "If you are right, Mr. McEvoy must be wrong." To start with — early last winter I got a letter from him wanting me to describe European Foul Brood and the difference between European Foul Brood and Pickled BroodL Now in our work this year while we have been out inspecting (Mr. Kildow and I), and where we have had little Conventions of bee-keeperg to discuss this matter — it has been my part to describe the four different brood troubles. It is not necessary to describe foul brood, because I believe most authori- ties now agree, although less than one year ago they didn't. In pickled brood it has been my custom to say, that pickled brood dies, asi a rule, from the 5th to the 7th day; just at the point of capping over; that when it dies, it first turns lightly gray and then gets darker and d'arker until it is almost black. If you take a tooth pi(^ and lift out the dead bee, the juices would run down from one end, and if you were to puncture that skin, it would have an acid smell like vine- gar. It goes to show that fermentation has taken place; in starved brood it does not take place until after the larvae is jerked out and thrown out from the hive. The juices are always soaked out of starved larvae and the- skin of the dead larvae is thrown out.. ILLINOIS STATE BEE-KEEPERS' ASSOCIATION 129 In pickled brood' the juices are never soaked out- because they are acid sour and the bees don't have anything to do with them. The cause of pickled brood — is a dif- ferent proposition. I have a theory I advance: My theory is that some bees sometimes feed an excess of pollen; in feeding the young bee; the bee never dies the first three days before the pollen has been fed, but always afterward; and if an excess is fed, too much nitrogen, and that would cause what we would call indigestion. In this case that fer- mentation causes that; this fermenta- tion takes place and kills the larvae; that is all theory on my part. I had pickled brood that extended from the spring all through the summer, into the late fall, when it seemed to clean up; yet some of those colonies had SO lbs of comb honey on top of them. Pres. Huffman — I always considered in a way that pickled brood was starved brood; I never had much of it. Where I have had it, I have given them unsealed honey or feed and it seemed to be cleaned up in a little while; that is the reason why I thought perhaps it must be starved brood, but of course this theory you put forth is altogether different from what I have heard. Mr. Pyles — I should have stated that Keverend Howard, at Gardner, treated more than 100 colonies of bees; he had thought it was foul brood, and it was pickled brood. He had seen an article I wrote for the American Bee Journal, and when I went there he had begun to think about it, and he wanted me to see his bees; he thought then he had pickled brood, and that is all I could find. The bees will be strong ^'ith pickled brood, although there are cases where they get weak. Through the honey flow, getting plenty of honey, they will carry it along and produce a fairly good crop of honey. Mr. Cavanagh — Did you ever try paregoric for indigestion of baby bees? Mr. Pyles — No, when I am out I don't carry a chest of medicine along, like Mrs. Winslow's Soothing Syrup and those things. It is a problem, but I am not scared of it. I do not think it i.^ anything that amounts to anything, or that it is contagious. I found it, two years ago, in Henry •Stewart's place, in two colonies that were very weak, and you could find it in nearly every cell, and yet within —9 a month after that he wrote me that his bees had cleaned up and were pick- ing up nicely. That was at the end of as fine a honey-flow as he ever had, so there was plenty of nectar coming in and' plenty of feed. I surely think it is because some colonies are fed an excess of pollen. I will ask Dr. Phillips to take this matter up. We can't mix them a dose, and say "Feed your babies so much of this and so much of that." Mr. Canavagh — It seems to me there is some reason for substantiating this theory; and at the same time Mr. Mc- Evoy's theory might be confused; and might be grounds through Mr. McBvoy's treatment of sub^ntiating Mr. Pyles' theory. Pres. Huffman — I would like to ask Mr. Pyles this question in regard to a bad case of pickled brood — do you think it advisable to re-queen? Mr. Pyles — I don't think it would make any material difference; you would have the same nurse bees and the siame conditions surrounding you; you would have to get rid of them first; that is only a matter of opinion. If you were to go over the State of Illi- nois, a spring like last spring, and see large quantities of pickled brood everywhere, and see the conditions right in the same apiary — I know you would begin to question the statement that it is caused from starvation. We have found pickled brood where there was an excess of honey and plenty of unsealed honey; and sometimes we would find conditions where they were living from hand to mouth and no pickled brood there. Now about European Foul Brood. With European Foul Brood the first stages are not very noticeable — until the European Foul Brood is scattered nearly throughout the apiary; in cells without any brood; and cells with eggs in; cells without any larvae, and with larvae in, up to the age where they are capped over; then I would go through the hives and look for dead yellow larvae. I am sure when I find that ragged, uneven appearance there is something wrong, if it moves all over the apiary, and sooner or later I will find it in a very strong colony where they have a large brood nest and a good deal to take ciare of; I find the dead yellow larvae there. That is, the first stages. A great many men say, and in fact the 130 TWELFTH ANNUAL. REPORT OF THE State Inspector always has claimed, that when he found that condition it was failing queens, but when one api- ary will be that way and the next one won't, it is not failing queens; they don't all fail at once. To Get Propolis From Hands. "What is the best way to get pro- polis from your hands? Mr. Cavanagh — Take a dull knife and scrape off what you can get and take lava soap and finish. Mr. Pyles — Kerosene is one of the finest things I have tried. Mr. Lyman — There is another soap called scat, put up in tin cans; it is made here in Chicago, I think; it is a good deal ahead of the lava soap. Pres. Huffman — I guess I have seen it; there is a kind of grit in the soap. Mr. Bull — Most any of the automo- bile soaps will do. Mr. Kannenberg — Even Dutch Cleanser takes it off. Pres. Huffman — A good soap will re- move it, but some are better than others. Too Many Bees in a Hive. "Can a hive have too many bees in it for best results in honey obtained?" Mr. Bull — They can't if it is in the right time of the 5'ear. Mr. Pyles — And if conditions are right — but if you had 100,000 bees in a hive and conditions were not right, I would rather have 30,000 and have con- ditions right, even though the honey is coming in. Some colonies will get sluggish, or something, and will lay around in great quantities, and an expert would have his hands full to get them started. Thei only thing you can do is to shake them. Pres. Huffman— Tou consider a "shook" swarm will kill the sluggish ones, as you call them? Mr. Bull — Sometimes they are slug- gish for a day or two and they will then go to work. Sometimes for comb honey — we shake the bees nearly all out in front of the hive and alarm them pretty well before we do, and when we run them back in they will move honey in and get a notion to go to work; disturbing them and filling the honey sacks full of honey will very often give good results; as a last re- sort we shake them. Mr. Lyman — ^I have done a good deal of experimenting in the line of keeping the bees together throughout the sea- son, and not allow swarming, and there are a number of ways to do it; and we run up against that proposition. I believe there is a limit to which you can increase the bees in a hive and have them work — ventilation for one thing. Pres. Huffman — You might give us your method if you want to hand it in here. Mr. Lyman— Oh, I don't know — there are different methods — most any of them will work, by which you remove the brood to some part separate, either above or at one side or behind; do it in different ways, but there comes a time when there are too many bees in there to work to a good profit; the bees can be kept together through the season. "When stimulating how often should one feed and how much?" Pres. Huffman — You who practice "stimulating" it seems to me can ans- wer that question, or give an opinion in regard to it. Mr. Dadant— Our President has had some experience in stimulating? Pres. Huffman— Quite a little. A member — Mr, Huffman, we would like to hear from you. Mr. Huffman — I used to think when I practiced stimulating feeding that outdoor feeding was the best; that is, when I did not have any neighbors who had bees, but since then, I don't want them to carry off what little feed I have; but I find stimulating feed in- side the hive is just as good and will answer the purpose just as well. I use three or four different kinds of feeders, l once used Division Board Feeder — ^Doolittle plan; and I later had a feeder with slots in it; and filled that with honey; then I used the Bordman feeder; that didn't seem to be satis- factory, and I made up my mind I would try stimulating (by feeding filled combs; old combs that didn't have any honey in, filled with sjTi'up, and I found we got better results than with any- thing else I could get. I believe the befter way would be to warm the syrup; do not make it too warm to melt the combs. I like the combs filled with syrup as well, if not better than any feeder I ever used. The Miller or McEntyre feeder for feeding up in the fall I consider the two best in use, be- cause you can feed enough in one feeder at one time to run a colony through the winter; they will take it down in ILLINOIS STATE BEE-KEEPERS' ASSOCIATION 131 two or three days, an it, unless we want to go in on the Mutual plan and assess. I think it would be well to charge a profit, and declare a dividend, and run» it like a Stock Company; I think the bee-keepers would be more interested in such a proposition, where thej' get a financial return. There is not one of us who come to this Convention but that receives $10.00 in value; they may not think of it at the time, but the little ideas I have re- ceived here today I think will be worth $100.00 to me the next season; and be- sides I have had a good time. I think the thing to do is to get to- gether on a mutual basis, in buying and selling honey and selling supplies which they buy at wholesale prices, or whether they will charge a profit — which is it, profit or assesment of members? An assessment never looks good; make it a busines organization I would say; tell the members you ex- pect them to pay for what they get, but that they can buy decidedly cheaper. Put it on a business basis, and then if there is a reserve fund at the end of the year, give it back to the people where it belongs. Mr. Pyles — Along this line — it doesn't look fair to me that we should be under an assessment basis because a man who buys $10.00 worth of supplies is pay- ing the same under the assessment plan as the man who bought $1,000 worth. The business should be S'elf supporting; if there is a profit made, it should be divided up; the per cent should be in proportion to the amount the man bought; if a member only bought $10 worth of stuff, he should not receive as much as one who buys $1,000 worth. Talking about putting in $10, there would be very few members who would not put in $10. If the Association is going to give something to its mem- bers, there must be somebody who is absolutely honorable to manage this, and then a reasonable profit could be added and a dividend declared at the end of the year, and what looks to me would be best would be to sell at the cost of the goods and the operating ex- pense only and let the members take advantage of buying of the Association or wherever they please. Mr. Cavanagh — There is a thought in connection there of handling honey or anything: Tou always have the credit S3'stem. If we start out to sell honey (from the producer's standpoint) — ■ handle the members' honey — the ques- ILLINOIS STATE BEE-KEEPERS' ASSOCIATION 137 tion arises — "Shall we do any credit ■business or strictly cash?" In 1912 and 1913 there is a credit system through- out the country. If we do it on a credit sj^stem and have bad times, something happens — a hundred and one things might happen — the question arises' — who is stuck — the man who pro- duces that honey for the National to sell, or the National itself? The question might arise — Are they just selling that honey as an Agent and not charging any commissiion above the actual cost, or how are they selling it? These questions must be decided in order to protect the Association. Paying such small dues as $1.50 it would have to be at the owner's risk; the Associa- tion would not be in shape to talve care of a loss of that kind. Mr. Pyles — Would it not be a good idea to leave this to the member when he sends his honey in? If he wishes' to have the honey insured, let so much more be charged for insurance, and then let the Association stand behind it; that will make them careful to look after the member's interest. Grain Elevator Companies are formed all over the United States. They charge you so much for insurance; it is a very small thing and yet they collect a little something for it; I think that is the way this could be done. Mr. Cavanagh — ^We are assuming that honey is all shipped; a good deal will be handled direct; there will be a fairly constant supply; insurance could be taken out and be charged for pro rata for the number of pounds and for the time it was there. Preg. Huffman — Those are minor points; we will have to cut this dis- cussion out; and decide on some one thing in regard to this discussion. Mr. Pyles — I think Mr. Cavanagh has the idea as it appeals to me; I am will- ing to leave it to his judgment. I make a motion that we leave it to his judg- ment. Motion seconded and carried. Mr. Pyles — There is one thing, in this motion, that I overlooked; that is. if we have an alternate, the other fel- low will have to take his orders from Mr. Cavanagh. . Pres. Huffman — The delegate has a right to one or more votes, according to the number of members represented. Mr. Pyles — ^We are entitled to two delegates if we have enough members — the motion wag that the alternate should be the second delegate; the other fellow can ask Mr. Cavanagh how he shall vote. Mr. Cavanagh — I do not see what the object is in having two delegates. I understand I am to vote my little vote as I think is right as in the best in- terest of the convention, and the other man will do the same. Mr. Baldridge — I want to ask a ques- tion— Who bears the expense of send- ing a delegate to the National Associa- tion? Pres. Huffman — I can tell j'ou what we do in Wisconsin; that is all I can tell you; that question was asked this fall in regard to sending a delegate to the National Convention — as to whether or not the National paid the expense; we made the inquiry but did not obtain an answer. The way we do up in Wisconsin — we pay half of the delegate's expenses — that is, the railroad fare, aside from that, that is all we pay, or that is what we have been doing. The expense of . board and et cetera, he has to bear himself. As this Constitution of the • National asks for a delegate to be pres- ent at the National Convention, we thought it but right and proper, the delegates being a part of the National and going to the convention to assist in transacting business, that the Na- tional should pay their expenses — ^we wrote making the inquiry, and got no reply — so you will have to decide that, Mr. Cavanagh, when you get down there. Mr. Dadant — Of course you all know that this Association has not very large funds, since our dues are $1.50 and we pay $1.00 to the National and $.50 to the State; there is not much left for railroad fare — and it seems to me it would be a good thing to get an ex- pression of the sdciety, as long as our delegate is going to be there — as to who shall stand the expense. It seems unreasonable to me to ask a man to represent this Branch of the National and pay his own expenses; I would not care to go myself; he is giving us his services and giving us his time, and time is worth money to him, and it looks as though we should not ask him to bear the expense of the trip. Mr. Kannenberg — ^I believe there is no Grand Lodge or Supreme Lodge where there is a delegate sent, where the Grand Lodge does not pay their representative's inileage or per diem, 138 TWELFTH ANNUAL, REPORT OF THE and I think the National should do the same thing. What are we paying in there for? Do the National do any more for us than we do for them? I think that either the National or this Association should pay the expense of a delegate. Mr. Dittmer — How much surplus has the National? Mr. Kannenberg — The National has more in their treasury than the Chi- cago-Northwestern ! Pres. Huffman — Mr. Dittmer has asked a question which I believe it is a little hard to answer. I have kept in close touch in regard to the financial condition of the treasury of the Na- tional, and I will say this, that, as a rule, whenever there was a deposit made there was issued a check that would balance it up, and maybe a little more; so that you can judge in what shape the National treasury is. I don't believe there is a dollar in the treasury today. Now, if it is not out of order, I might say this: Twice to my knowledge the treasury was drawn upon and it was bankrupt, and orders on it had to be sent back; I think I can prove this statement, and I know I can. You know who the treasurer is, Mr. France; he is a very careful man and won't say much; that is the only reason why he is not here today. He said to me — "I don't want to have any questions asked me and I don't want to say anything." I don't believe the National Associa- tion today has a dollar in its treasury. Along this same line — as to the way the business was conducted prior to the new Constitution — we would have our annual report, and other expenses, and usually have money enough in the treasury to pay fbr it, and if we did not have, Mr. France would go down in his pocket and pay the bill and trust to the people to send it in later on. And all that Mr. France had for his services was 20 per cent of the proceeds that came into the National Association. That is why we, as members of the National, appreciate his services and the work he has done and everything else along that line, and has charged nothing for it; and I don't believe that you can, in the whole National as- sembly, find a man that would do any better, or any more than Mr. France. Mr. Cavanagh — I thought of some- thing yesterday, and while we are on the subject of Mr. France, I would like to spring it. In accordance with the Christmas spirit, why can not we young fellows, and the boys that are here, chip in and buy Mr. France a little Christmas present and send it to him? Why, that man has 'helped me out dollars and dollars' worth — little favors I have asked of him that I had no right to ask, and he charged nothing for it; he don't ask any consideration. Pres. Huffman — I want to say this: What seems to hurt Mr. France the worst of all (being intimately ac- quainted, he has told me quite a. little) — after he had worked these years, and worked up what he called a "Bureau", getting the consumer and the producer together — he was then turned down and never thanked for it or for anything else; and not only that. But use his name, if you might so term it, in dis- guise, making it — "Treasurer- Genera] Manager." And right along that same line— "Manager" has nothing more to do with it than you and I have. Pick up the Constitution and see what the treasurer has to do — but we helped to formulate the Constitution — it was new to us — they were cute enough to get in that clause that cut him out and left him nothing more nor less than the pocket book— ^that means — treasurer. There are two or three of us who were on that committee, that had we known a half an hour after we were in that Committee room what we knew then, we never would have voted, and I don't think we would have had the new Con- stitution. There were things that came up there that we did not know any- thing about. The formulated resolu- tions we hoped when it went before the Convention, section by section, they would vote down, but everything went through. Mr. Cavanagh — That is a line of talk I have been wishing would come out. What has Mr. France done for us? He has actually formed the Bureau o^ Buying and Selling products; he has helped more bee-keepers out of scrapes than any other man I ever knew of. He has been the Buying and Selling Bureau, without any capital, and has given his time. They had a selling campaign — some one in Michigan got out a booklet of the honey producer and the buyer to- gether; it was not a success. Are we going to turn Mr. France ILLINOIS STATE BEE-KEEPERS' ASSOCIATION 139 down, flat? Are we going to tell him — "We don't need you; you can sit down and let the other fellows go ahead and run this thing on a modern political scheme"? Can we not give him a little token of our gratitude in some tangible form? What are we going to do about it? I feel that we show Mr. France that we appreciate what he has done — what he has been doing for everybody. Mr. France had a Bureau of Informa- tion for bee-keepers; when there was a buyer who wanted honey — Mr. France had a list of bee-keepers that had honey to sell, and all sales were ef- fected direct that way through the Influence of Mr. France. In order to get this before the House — I move you that we take up a contribu- tion for a Christmas present for Mr. France. Motion seconded and carried, unani- mously. Pres. Huffman — I will appoint Mr. Cavanagh as a Committee on that question. Mr. Pyles — There is something else that comes along that same line. I be- lieve the question was sprung, and no action taken — as to whether or not we would affiliate with the National Con- vention. There has been no action taken, I believe, any more than to elect a delegate. Pres. Huffman — There was a motion made that we join the National in a body — and carried. Mr. Pyles — We were a little hasty; I think if this discussion had been carried on j^esterday, there would have been a loud — No! If I really knew just what was what — unless things go along better between now and this time next year, I will be for a fight next year, and it will be right along this line, too. Mr. Cavanagh — May I be allowed to take the time now before this Conven- tion breaks up to take this collection? I will give you my idea of this: We are not millionaires, any of us; a half dollar apiece would give us $10; if there isi any one who wants to give a dollar or two, just do that, and show Mr. France we appreciate what he has done for us and what he has done in behalf of bee-keepers; it will be a little token oif appreciation that will please Mr. France — no man on earth will ap- preciate it more, and no man on earth is more worthy of it. . ($11.30 collected.) Pres. Huffman — Now we have the money — the next thing is to have a committee to purchase the present. •A Member — I suggest Mr. Cavanagh; he collected it. Mr. Pylesi — He originated the idea; a man who can originate an idea and go around and get the money, has a right to spend it. The man who did the work should have the glory. Mr. Cavanagh — We will give Mr. France the glory; he deserves it. Pres. Huffman — I appoint Mr. Cav- anagh. Mr. Pyles — I believe it would be well to have two on that committee; Mr. Boyden is well acquainted in the city of Chicago and knows where to go; I make a motion that we have Mr. Cav- anagh and Mr. Boyden on that commit- tee. Mr. Dadant — Now I suppose it would be well to have the Committee on Resolutions draw up some kind of a resolution or presentation to send along with the present; Mr. Cavanagh has written up the resolutions; I am quite sure he can write the proper reso- lution to go with the present. (Mr. Cavanagh and Mr. Boyden ap- pointed the Committee to purchase present — Mr. Cavanagh to draw up resolution.) :Mr. Boyden — Before we close — I am here as the representative of A. I. Root & Company; I am in practically the same position as Mr. Dadant — and I wish and hope that this Chicago- Northwestern Convention, instead of dropping off in membership and in in- terest, will build up. I wish, at the same time we send Mr. France this token of kind regard, we could assure him that we want him with us an- other year; assure him that we will not ask him any questions and that we will not put him in any difficult position. Mr. Cavanagh — In order to obtain success in any enterprise it is neces- sary as a rule to put in a little bit to- wards agitating and working for it, by advertising it. I know personally how I would feel when I am engaged in some other line of business and am very busy, if I were urged to attend a Convention and made to feel how important the Convention was, and that it was my duty to go, and that if I would go, others would ■ also go, and that the Convention would in that way be made worth while, both for myself and for us all, I think 1 140 TWELFTH ANNUAL REPORT OP THE would' be more apt to attend the Con- vention. I wonder if it would not be possible for us, even with our limited means, to send notices to a great many proTQinent men wh"b would be liable to come — send thena a notice of the meet- ing, urging them to attend. Our Sec- retary and President cannot take this in their own hands and stand the ex- pense of writing letters — ^but would it not be a good plan for the Chicago- Northwestern to take this up some few days before the meeting — tell what benefits are to be received by attend- ing the convention — have something to make them come for, and we would have a very much larger attendance and a convention full of interest. Mr. Dadant — It is not easy to get a crowd to come to conventions. I be- lieve a good strong letter to different noted men might bring them. I sent , out 500 post cards. I am sure I would be glad to have any suggestions and help we can get to make this a stronger meeting; it ought to be a stronger meeting. Chicago is a central point — with all railroads run- ning into it. If we could be sure of three or four or five strong men, like Mr. France and others, it would be a drawing card; one thing I neglected to do — I might have written to Mr. Boy- den, and told him to notify all bee- keepers coming into his store. When Mr. York was here with the American Bee Journal, when bee-keepers came into hi9 office, he would tell them that the Northwestern was going to have a meeting at such and such a time, and in such a place; and we had a better attendance. We have now had three or four poor seasons, and the bee-keeper has felt poor and has not wanted to spend the • money to come. Mr. Boyden — How did it come you selected these days? Mr. Dadant — We always have had our meeting during the Fat Stock Show; I had intended to have it then; Mr. Dittmer said — "We are going to have a Wisconsin meeting the 17th and 18th — why not have the Chicago-North- western right after ours? If you do this several will go right from the Wis- consin meeting." I said — "All right." Mr. Pyles — Along this line of making this convention something to be re- memlbered^why not ask all the Bee Journals to give it a write-up? Why not have them tell in their Journals what the Chicago -Northwestern in- tends to accomplish? I believe that any of them would be willing to do this; I think it would be well to put in the Journals, not only a notice of the meet- ing, but a write-up; I believe we could have a great many more people here if this were done. People don't read an ordinary notice, as a rule, but if you have a write-up I think you wUl ac- complish greater resuKs. Mr. Dadant — If I can get three or four of the noted bee-keepers, like Mr. France, to say they will come, and then put that in the Bee Journals, it will make a lot of difference and will be a good drawing card; but they are al- ways busy. Pres. Huffman — I am satisfied if you give Mr. France a personal invitation, and ask him to come, he will be with us. Mr. Cavanagh — If we simply send out a post card, saying there will be a meeting of the Chicago-Northwestern on such and such a day — it will prob- ably be thrown away; but if we "fea- ture" this meeting and give them the impression that we are "live" ones — that there is going to be something doing — that we will have something of interest for every bee-keeper who is present — we will be sure to get a much larger attendance. If we could tell them that Mr. E. E. Townsend is going to give us his system for operating his out-apiaries; and different men will be present to inform us on subjects of vital interest to the bee-keeper — it is bound to count. Tell them all about what we are going to do — and these fellows will be bound to come; let them know that we are going to give them a good lively time. People don't like to come to a, convention to keep it from dying out, but they want to come where there will be a good lively meeting. Perhaps by that time the A. I. Root Company will have their moving pic- tures started! Pres. Huffman — ^The suggestion was made by Mr. Baldridge — as to who pays the delegate's expenses — How are you going to leave it? What is your pleas- ure? Or will we leave it as it is and let the delegate take his chances? Mr. Cavanagh — ^I will go just the same. Mr. Pyles' — I move that we adjourn, to meet at the call of the Executive Committee. Pres. Huffman — It was left that way ILLINOIS STATE BEE-KEEPERS' ASSOCIATION 141 this year; perhaps their selection might not suit; if you do not want it to be held on this date, it is your privilege now to say so; if you wish to decide the day you want it, you can do that now. Mr. Arnd — I make a motion that this Bee-Keepers' Convention be held two days during the Live Stock Show; then the date of the Wisconsin Bee-Keep- ers' Association, and these other ones, can be fixed a year ahead — they can make their days accordingly; In other ■words, I make a motion that the Chi- cago-Northwestern Bee-Keepers' Con- vention be held in Chicago two days during the Live Stock Show. Mr. Baldridge — I second that motion. Mr. Pyles — In this connection — I be- lieve it would be well for the gentlemen to include in their motion, certain days of the week — Thursday and Friday, or Wednesday and Thursday; it might be well to know,- a year ahead, what days ^he convention will be held, during a certain week. Mr. Arnd— ^^^ednesday and' Thursday — but you may not be able to get the hall; to have the motion read some time during the Fat Stock Show I think would be well. Mr. Dadant — I might say in that con- nection, we discussed that here, or at .Springfield— whether it made any dif- ference whether we had it at the time of the Fat Stock Show, and they came to the conclusion that it did not make any difference — that bee-keepers came to the convention and not to the Fat Stock Show, although it was my private opinion it did make a difference. Mr. Arnd — A great many people come to the Live Stock Show who are bee- keepers— the rates are low then. Pres. Huffman — Do you have refer- ence to the hotel rates? We get no other rate. The one objection to hav- ing it at the time of the Fat Stock Show was the hotel rates; usually they tuck it on, and mot only that, it was difficult to find a place to stay; you are over-crowded here in Chicago when you have a Land Show and the Live Stock Exhibition here; we from the country realize it, while you who live here don't realize it; you have a home to go to, (but we have to find one. The only way to do that is to write ahead a week and send in a dollar or two and tell them you want a room; let them locate you ajid then you are all right. The motion was that we have our 'next meeting two days while, the Fat Stock Shovi'' is in session. Mr. Cavanagh — There are two things to be considered, one is the outside drawing power of the Stock Show as an advantage to get a crowd to attend the Bee-Keepers' convention; there are dis- advantages— and one is the hotel rates. If we can arrange the rates in the hotels (the railroad rate makes no dif- ference) for the bee-keepers, as I think we can very easily do, why not hold to our original date? There is an ad- vantage in having an occasion of this kind on a uniform date every year. Pres. Huffman — If we can get the hall. Mr. Cavanagh — I think the thing for us to do is to leave it with our Com- mittee and let them decide; give them our expression in the matter of what we believe now will be best; I think the motion ought to be lost. Mr. Pyles — The State Bee-Keepers' Association for a number of years held their meeting at the same time that the Odd Fellows were in convention; we Avho go down to Springfield found it ^vas a hard mater to get accommoda- tion; sometimes there were 7 or 8 in a room, in order to find a place to sleep ; the cheapest kind of hotels were crowded to the liinit. This year the Odd Fellows met in Peoria, and the bee- keepers met a month earlier, and I have been informed they had as good a meet- ing as they ever had and they had no trouble in finding accommodation. I believe the same thing holds good in Chicago as in Springfield. We could stay here in this hotel, but I don't want to stay in the main part of town; I want to get away from the noise; I can get accustomed to the roar of the bees but not to the noises of a city. Mr. Arnd — Chicago is not nearly so congested as to hotel service as they used to be. In the last three or four years, in Chicago there have been put up two or three enormous hotels ev- ery year, and you will find the hotels are not crowded in Chicago like they were three or four years ago. There is a new hotel that is going up here this year with 1,000 rooms in it; the rates are going to be from $1.00 to $2.50 and that is the way it has been for the last 4 or 5 years. There have been erected the La Salle, the Blackstone, The Sherman House — ^why, dozens of 142 TWELFTH ANNUAL. REPORT OF THE hotels have been put up recently, and tills has helped the congestion of these other hotels. Bee-keepers as a rule don't want to go to the Blackstone and the Auditorium, but they take a lot of people away from these other hotels and they are not congested. I don't believe the hotels have been congested this year in Chicago. iMr. Doyden^ — I think Mr. Arnd is right in that regard. I have been here going on nine years; the past three or four years there have been a great many hotels put up. I think if j'ou want to look that up, you can find some one here that would look into the hotel rates and let the Bee-Keekers know where they could get pleasant rooms. Mr. Cavanagh — The management of this hotel is giving us thig room to hold our convention in, gratis. It would not be consistent and in accordance with their views, to have the bee- keepers make arrangements go to some other hotel, when they give us this room. Mr. Dadant — They made no require- ments as to where the Bee-Keepers should go. They expected they would draw something from our convention. It would not be right for the Secretary to make arrangements for this room, and get rates from some other hotel, or hotels, where the Bee-Keepers might stay while attending the Convention. At the Briggs House we paid $20.00 for a roomi like this. Mr. Arnd — It seems to me that the rates at the Great Northern Hotel are as reasonable as can be found at other Chicago hotels. Pres. Huffman — ^It is the opinion of this Conven-tion that the date should be fixed for two days during the Fat Stock Show — a motion has been made to this effect — all in favor, say aye? Motion carried, Pres. Huffman — If there is nothing further to come before the Convention, we will stand adjourned until the time of the Fat Stock Show and then we will meet with you again. The Convention adjourned at 4 p. m., to meet again in 1913, at the call of the Executive Committee. January 10, 19r3, 109 Marine Bldg., Chicago. Mr. N. E. France, Platteville, Wis. Dear Friend — ^I have the pleasure of mailing you the little token of regard, with which I am writing this letter, and which the members of the Chicago Northwestern Bee-Keepers' Association are presenting to you at their last meeting. We trust it may long be guided by the faithful hand which has so effec- tively wielded its predecessor in past years. Gratefully, C. N. B. K. A. L. BOTDEN, Per C, B. CAVANAGH, Committee. R. F. State Inspector of Apiaries. Platteville, Wis., January 15, 1913. Messrs. B. F. Boyden, F. B. Cavanagh, Committee. Dear Friends — I have just returned from our State Capitol, where I had last evening introduced in Legislature a new bee bill. I met many members of both Senate and Assembly, and so far every man promises his best sup- port to the bill. Even our Governor. On my return to my office I was greatly surprised to see copy of resolu- tions with regards to me from mem- bers of C. N. B. K. A. convention December 19-20, 1912, and with it the beautifully engraved fountain pen, which I am now using. Certainly I prize this gift for its beauty and daily usefulness, but far more is the brother- hood fellowship behind it. I only re- gret I could not be permitted to serve brother bee-keepers more. May my heart and hand ever remain true and ready to help bee-keepers, especially members of C. N. B. K. A. '' Yours truly, N. E. FRANCE. fl^LINOIS STATE BE3E-KEEPERS' ASSOCIATION 343 SECRETARY TYRRELi.. REPORT OF THE CONVENTION National Bee-Keepers' Association HELD AT CINCINNATI, OHIO. FEBRUARY 12-13, 1913. President Georg-e W. York and Vice- President Morley Pettit not being pres- ent, the meeting was called to order by the Chairman of the Directors, E. D. Townsend. Nominations were in order for tem- porary chairman, and the Rev. E. R. Wagner, of Cincinnati, was appointed temporary chairman by ti\e delegates. Mr. Wagner gave a short and interest- ing introductory talk. Moved by Hamlin V. Poore, delegate, of Minnesota, that a committee of three be appointed on credentials by the Chair. Motion seconded. Moved by Dr. E, F. Phillips that the motion be amended to include the Sec- retary as an ex-offlcio member of that committee. Amendment seconded and carried. The original motion as amend- ed then voted upon and carried. The Chair then appointed Messrs. C. P. Dadant, Fred W. Muth and F. B. Cavanagh as Committee on Cre- dentials. Moved by Hamlin V. Poore, delegate, of Minnesota, that the meeting adjourn until 1 P. M. in order that the Cre- dential Committee could pass on the delegates' credentials. Motion second- ed and carried. Second session was called to order 144 TWELFTH ANNUAL. REPORT OF THE by Chairman Rev. E. R. Wagner at 1 P. M. A report of the Committee on Cre- dentials was asked for, and the report showed the following branches repre- sented by the following delegates, and the number of votes each delegate was entitled to. Adirondack-— Ralph B. Daly, delegate, one vote. Colorado — Wesley Foster, delegate, two votes. Chicago -Northwestern — F. B. Cav- anagh, delegate, one vote. Hampshire-Hampden-Franklin — Earl M. Nichols, delegate, one vote. Idaho Honey Producers' Association — J. J. Anderson, delegate, two votes. Illinois — C. P. Dadant, delegate, five votes. Iowa — S. "W. Snyder, delegate, one vote. Indiana — E. A. Dittrich, delegate, two votes. Michigan — E. D. Townsend, delegate, two votes. Minnesota — Hamlin V. Poore, dele- gate, one vote. Ohio — C. H. "W. Weber, delegate, two votes. Pennsylvania — Dr. -H. A. Surface, delegare, five votes. Tennessee — Dr. J. S. Ward, delegate, one vote. Vermont — P. E. Crane, delegate, one vote. Washington — Wesley Foster, dele- gate, one vote. Wisconsin — A. G. Allen, delegate, two votes. Worcester County — Dr. B. N. Gates, delegate, one vote. The following branches were not represented: Arizona, Idaho, Missouri, New Jersey, Northern Michigan, Oregor:, Pecos Valley, Twin Falls and Texas. Moved that the report of the Cre- dential Committee be accepted and that. the committee be continued dur- ing the convention. Seconded and carried. This was done because the report given above was not all com- plete at the time the report was made, some delegates getting in late and not having their credentials accepted until later. A complete report, however, is given above. The selection of a permanent chair- man of the convention was then taken up with the result that Dr. B. N. Bates, of Amherst, Mass., was selected as chairman. Dr. Gates was not pres- ent at the time of his selection, so Rev. E. R. Wagner continued to pre- side until Dr. Gates arrived, which he did a short time afterwards. The President's report was next on the program, and, the President not being present, the Secretary read his written report, which is as follows: PRESIDENT NATIONAL BEE KEEP- ERS' ASSOCIATION. To the Cincinnati Convention — Greet- ing. Perhaps it is needless for me to say that I regret very much that I cannot be present at the first delegated con- vention of the National Bee-Keepers' Association. I have not missed an an- nual meeting of the National for nearly twenty years, until now. But my presence doubtless would not add very much to the value of the deliberations, which I trust will mark a new era in the existence of the association, as well as in the history of American Apiculture. For years it has been the dream of some of the National's most ardent members that it should some day undertake in some way to help dispose of the honey produced by its member- ship. This has seemed quite a task, on account of the extensive area over which the association is scattered. We live in a large country, and honey pro- ducers are not so very much bunched together. It is somewhat easier for the orange and lemon growers to or- ganize, for they are confined to prac- tically two states, California and I'lorida. But the bee-keepers are everywhere, almost. So it has seemed so much more difficult to form any measurably successful co-operative or- .ganization to handle the annual output of honey. But I believe the National association, if given a little more time to perfect some of its plans, will soon be in a position to aid very materially in finding a market for the honey of its affiliated branches. The apple producers, and growers of other fruits, are experiencing some difficulty in getting adequate returns for their crops, and are finding that they will be compelled to "get to- gether" in some strong, united central selling agency, in order to market their products in a way that will let them live. The great trouble is that ILLINOIS STATE BEE-KEEPERS' ASSOCIATION 145 there are too many leeches between the producer and the consumer. Under- stand me, I do not mean to say that all middle-men are leeches or para- sites, but some of them are. A more direct marketing scheme or plan will have to be originated. The producer is not getting his rightful share of the consumer's dollar. Far too much of it is going for transportation charges, and for handling the products between producer and consumer. This applies also to honey and its producers. One trouble in the past has been that large producers of honey have seemed to think that Chicago and New York were the only cities or markets to which to ship their honey. The re- sult was that so much honey came into those cities that the price was lowered, and the honey prices of those two markets seemed almost to govern everywhere else. ^ There are many smaller markets that have been passed by, which, no doubt, would have taken a fair supply of honey, and at a fairly profitable price. Now, what the National asso- ciation proposes to do is to put its affiliated branches in touch with those neglected markets, and thus keep all more evenly supplied with honey. This must be a wise thing to do, and when once in operation should go far toward equalizing the honey crop among the places that will take it at fairly re- munerative prices. Another thing that should be done is to advertise honey. The amount of general ignorance regarding the health- ful qualities of honey Is indeed most surprising. I dare say not one person in ten knows anything at all about the value of honey as an article of food. Other things have been successfully advertised, hence their sale is greatly increased. One would naturally suppose that butter would need no general publicity in order to sell it, but I have seen cer- tain brands of butter advertised ex- tensively during the past few years. If butter needs advertising, then how much more does honey require it? But of course it takes money to ad- vertise. Still, if every commercial honey producer would contribute only a little to a general advertising fund, you would be surprised how soon it would amount to a respectable fund. Say one-eighth cent per pound for ex- tracted and one-fourth cent for comb, —10 that would be $2.50 for every ton of ex- tracted, and $5.00 for every ton of comb honey. The producer of 10 tons of extracted honey would pay only $25.00 as his share of the annual ad- vertising fund. The important question of "brand" always appears when it comes to ad- vertising any product. But the Na- tional association will likely be able to take care of that matter whenever it comes to it. I wish I could induce every bee- keepers' organization to become a branch of the National, and send its delegates to the annual meetings, for then I believe that in a few years the JSTational would be in a position to prove to its membership its real value. "In union there is strength." The more local branches the National has, the stronger it will be, and the more it can do for all. It will then be only a question of time until it can be a power in the marketing of honey, in finding new markets, in advertising honey as a health food, and in doing numberless things for the benefit of honey producers which it cannot do now because of its small resources and limited membership. The present Board of Directors are doing all they can to place the National on a firm basis, but they need all the help they can possibly get. They are working on big problems, and must have the combined wisdom and ex- perience of as many live, progressive honey producers as they can enlist in behalf of the success of the associa- tion. I hope the Cincinnati convention will mark an epoch in the history of the National association, and that in the very near future will be seen just how great things it can do for the upbuild- ing and extension of bee-keeping and honey production in America. "With high hopes for a larger success and development in the business of honey production, on account of the efforts of the National Bee -Keepers' Association, and with a deep apprecia- tion of the honor it has conferred upon me as its president for five years in all, I bid you Godspeed in your worthy efforts, and have only hearty good wLshes for a most harmonious and successful meeting in Cincinnati. Fraternally yours, GEORGE W. YORK, President. Sandpoint, Idaho, January 31, 1913. 146 TWELFTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE Moved by Mr. Dittrich, delegate, of Indiana, that we accept the President's report, and that the Secretary be in- structed to send him a letter of thanks. Seconded and carried. Vice-President's report was next in order, and the following letter was read by the Secretary, w^hich was re- ceived from the Vice-President that day stating his inability to be present. The letter is as follows: Mr. E. B. Tyrrell, Grand Hotel, Cincinnati, Ohio, February 10, 1913. Dear Mr. Tyrrell: I regret exceedingly that unforeseen circumstances make it impossible for me to be with you at the convention. Had everything ready to start this morning but was unavoidably detained. I hope you have a very successful convention and that you will remember me to the friends I expected to meet. Yours truly, MORLEY PETTIT. The next in order was the Secre- tary's report, which was presented, in writing, and is as follows: Secretary's Report for Period of Time Beginning January 1, 1912, and End- ing February 1, 1913. In submitting this, my first annual report to you since the adoption by the National of the new Constitution, I wish to thank each and every mem- ber for the encouraging words and liberal help that has been given me. I also wish to especially thank the Sec- retaries of the various Branches for the kind letters sent me and for their willingness to co-operate in making the new plans of the National a suc- cess. It is also a pleasure to thank the Officers and the Oirectors of the Association who have devoted untiring and unselfish efforts in your behalf, and it is only by the co-operation of these members and officers that I have been able to bring to you the encour- aging report which I am here submit- ting for your attention. On January 23, 1912, the new Direc- tors to the Association met in Detroit, and there considered plans for the year's work. Owing to the limited finances they were prevented from authorizing very extensive efforts being made this year. I outlined to your Directors a plan for selling honey in a co-operative way; the selling agencies to be established in several important cities in the United States and Canada. This plan was approved by the Directors, and I fully intended to put it into operation this year, but circumstances, which I will mention later, prevented. The Directors at that meeting took up the question of fur- nishing the members honey packages, and I was authorized to secure the best prices possible consistent with the goods furnished for the members. Representatives of two leading can factories visited my office and sub- mitted propositions. For several rea- sons I finally gave the contract to the National Can Company, of Dfetroit, Michigan. I wish to say that the National Can Company is an independent concern, and is not the National Can Company, of Baltimore, Maryland, with which a great many members have it con- flicted. I asked for certain specifica- tions and made a contract with this company to furnish us cans according to the specifications named. In the past bee-keepers had no way of know- ing what the proper size for a full sixty pound can was, and what weight of tin it should be made of, and the re- sult was that we found many pack- ages in use that were light weight in tin and short in capacity, so that they did not hold the full sixty pounds of honey. I also found that many ship- ping cases for sixty pound cans were made of thin material, and the cases were badly smashed in shipping. The quality of the cans furnished this year has been excellent, and I have had many words of praise from our custo- mers. According to the Directors' instruc- tions, I also took up the question of glass packages for our members, but I found that this was a subject that was much harder to handle than the tin packages. Glass factories do so much carload business that they seem to look with disfavor on the small shipments. My first agreement was with a glass factory, through their Detroit representative, and, in a short time after beginning to send the orders, they refused to accept them on the grounds that they were not large enough. Later I made another agree- ment with another factory, and in a short time had a similar difficulty with them, but succeeded in still getting the glass packages by sending in a stock ILLINOIS STATE BEE-KEEPERS' ASSOCIATION 147 order, having a certain num'ber of packag-es made up to be held subject to our future orders. , I am frank to say that the sale of :glass packages has not been what I had hoped it would Tie, and I am not very optimistic over this particular line of goods for the members. At the same time I believe it would be advis- able to furnish, our members glass packages until we know positively the amount of business that can be ex- pected from that source. Wef havle sold during the year $3,535.11 worth of tin and glass packages. Of this amount $3,15'9.67 represents our sales of tin packages. We have furnished our members the five gallon square can, packed two in a case; the same kind packed) singly; the same kind packed in crates of fifty; the ten pound friction top pail; the five pound fric- tion top pail, and in a few cases a three pound friction top can. No orders have been received for slip cover pails, and I would not recommend the list- ing of slip cover pails another year. These slip cover pails are similar to the pails you purchase lard in from your local grocery, and are not suitable, in my estimation, for shipping honey. During the early part of the year, I saw that my work as publisher ...f the Bee-Keepers' Review, running it as a private business, would conflict very much with my work as Secretary of the National Association. I also found that there was considerable con- fusion among the National members regarding the change in membership from 50 cents to $1, and also with reference to the establishment of Na- tional Branches. I saw very plainly that the Association needed an official organ of its own, and naturally it occurred to me that if the National would purchgise the Review, much better results coxild be obtained. Whether I was right in my deductions, or not, I am willing to leave to you for your decision after hearing the financial report which I will give you shortly, and also after discussing the matter fully at this convention. What- ever decision is finally made toy the ■delegates I assure you that I shall try to help you carry it out. The proposition of purchasing the Review was made to the Directors, by mail, and it required considerable correspondence before an agreement was finally reached'. Before proceeding further it will be well perhaps to give you a general financial statement of the work for the past year. On January 1st, there was in the National treasury, according to a report sent me by Treasurer France, $28.0'9'. I wish to say in connection with this that several of the State As- sociations, after the Minneapolis meet- ing, sent notices to their members that, if they renewed membership prior to January 1st, they could do so at the rate of fifty cents per memiber, and this brought in a large numlber of re- newals at the fifty cent rate, which it was necessary to use in clearing up the business for the yedr previous, so that while we only had $28.09 to begin the year on, we also had a large num- ber of members who had paid theii' membership fee. Prom January 1st until May, we collected in membership fees, $273.59; our expenses during that time were $222.75, so that at the time of purchasing the Review, which really took place May 1st, although the con- tract was dated June 1st, we had $50.84 on hand. Tou must remember that the Review was purchased at a time of the year when it is supposed that a publication will hardly pay expenses, because the renewals are at that time practically all in and the only source of income is the advertising and the new subscriptions, and what few re- newals there may be at that time of the year. You will remember, in this respect, that one of the other Bee Journals mentioned editorially that possibly the Directors might have to go down in their pockets and tide the Review over a hard time, but I am pleased to state to you that we have conducted the business during the year; paid all our bills as they came due, and the Directors have not had to advance one cent towards the main- tenance of the Review. I regret very much that the Direc- tors, who so kindly and loyally came to Detroit for a Directors' meeting in January, have not had their expenses of that trip paid, but I hope we will be in a position in a very short time to take care of those outstanding ac- counts. At the Directors' meeting there were also two law suits preisented to them for consideration, and they voted that the National should pay these suits on the same basis as previous suits had been paid, which was one- half of the actual expenses involved. 148. TWELFTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE One of these claims Avas presented by other was by George Laing, of Toronto, H. G. Sibbald, of Claude, Ontario, and Ontario, and the amount paid him was the amount paid him was $18.64; the $29.63. INCOME. Balance on hand January 1st, 1912 $ 28.09 Membership fees 245.50 Subscriptions 2,036 .(17 Advertising .883.15 Miscellaneous 243 . 40 Total $ 3,436.31 $ 3,436.31 DISBURSEMENTS. Printing $ 1,132.67 Office fixtures and supplies 101.46 Postage and mailing Review 372 . 86 Law suits 48.27 Secretary's commissions 696 . 82 Engravings for Review 149 . 47 Stenographer .• 157 . 98 Expenses, Secretary attending conventions 32. 90 Envelopes for mailing Review 58.01 Principal and interest paid in cash on Review 158.63 Miscellaneous 84 .12 Total .$ 2,993.19 $ 2,993.19 Balance on hand $ 443 . 12 This statement covers the t'ime from January 1st, 1912, to February 1st, 1913. The above financial report will be .Fund being turned over to the General more encouraging when you realize Fund of the National Association? I that, in addition to paying the current am writing you as one of the contrib- expenses throughout the year there utors, according to directions given me has been $300jCO paid on the pur- by the Board of Birectors." With but chase price of the Bee-Keepers' Re- one exception every contributor written view, which was $1,000.00, leaving a to, and I have copies of their letters on balance yet to be paid of $700.00. In file for your inspection, agreed to the addition to the $300 paid on the Review turning over of this fund without any there has also been paid over .$100.00 qualifications whatever. The objection in office furniture, which includes a was really a suggestion that the filing case and an Underwood typp- amount be borrowed from the League writer. The typewriter has not yet Fund instead of being turned over been paid for in full as it was pur- without any restrictions. This si:g-- chased on the contract plan. This gestion was put up to the Chairman makes a total of over $400.00 paid by of the Directors by me and I am not the Association during the year for sure bu: what he referred it to the articles which it has on hand at pres- other Directors, with the result that ent. the arrangement was perfectly satis - At the January m-^eting the Direc- factory, and Treasurer France was tors passed a resolution that the Sec- notified by the Chairman to turn over retary be instructed to correspond the fund. with the contriljutors of the League At that time I drew orders on the Fund where more than $25.0i0 had been treasury for the Directors' expanse in contributed, asking their consent to ' attending the meeting in Detroit last transfer the League Fund to the Gen- January, but Treasurer France refused eral Fund. My letter to the different to turn over the fund, stating that he contributors read as follows: "Would had no right to do so. In further com- you have objections to the part your munication with Treasurer France I company contributed to the League asked him if the League Fund was ILLINOIS STATE BEE-KEEPERS' ASSOCIATION 149 ever in the control of the National As- sociation or simply in the hands of a special committee, stating that I felt if the Association controlled that fund that he was assuming no obligations . or risk in following the instructions given him hy the Directors, and that, if any one was censured for the trans- fer, it would he the Directors and not him. His reply to that letter read, in part, as follows: (Here read letter from Mr, France of August 12.) Believing that Mr. France was acting conscientiously in the matter and not wishing to stir up dissension among the officers the matter was dropped, and the League Fund has Taeen in the Treasury while the Directors have been out their expenses. From the above letter it would appear that according to Mr. France's interpretation the League Fund was in the hands of the National Association, I must confess that I cannot agree with him in the position he takes, but I cannot help but feel that he is honest in his belief in the matter as it does not seem pos- sible that a man who has worked so hard for the National in the past would attempt to block its progress at this time. I am equally frank to say that the attitude taken iby Mr. France has prevented some things ibeing done this year, for had the fund been available it was my intention to visit some of the leading cities and make arrange- ments for selling agencies for om product' to be established. With reference to the change in Constitution, will say that there has, of course, been a great deal of mis- understanding on the part of the mem- bership; some objection has been raised, but there has been a good deal more approval than there has criti- cism. There are some things, however, which should be changed at this meet- ing, and these will have the attention of the delegates later. There has been some opposition on the part of some State Associations with reference to their becoming members, to the Na- tional, but I feel confident that this has been mainly through a misunder- standing of just what we are trying • to do and how we are doing it. I feel that the National laws should be made so they will not conflict in any way with the laws of the various local and State Branches; at the same time these different Branches should conform to the rules necessary to successfully con- duct a National organization. Some of the Associations that held out at first , have since become Branches, and I am pleased to say that I have an Associa- tion waiting now, the Northern Cali- fornia Association, that will be re- corded as a Branch in the March num- 'ber of the Review, but is waiting the action of the delegates at this meeting to know whether all of their members can be considered Branch members, as per proposed amendment. Section 2, of Article IV., or whether they will be required to do as has one other As- sociation done, organized a separate Association to act as a National Branch, During the past y^ar, according to resolutions adopted by the Directors, Lhave listed as National Branches those societies where their officers have agreed to act as National oflicers until their next regular meeting, when the matter could be definitely settled. This was done as members were coming in from these places where Branches had not been established, sending their Na- tional and Branch fees, which made it necessary for me to turn this money over .to some other National Branch instead of to the Branch in their State or Province. This is particularly true of the Ontario Branch, and I wish to mention in this respect that I under- stand I was criticised at the New York State meeting by an Ontario Bee- keeper, and possibly by others for pub- lishing the name of the Ontario Asso- ciation as a National Branch when they had not taken legal action. I offer the above explanation as my rea- sons for doing this, and will, say that during the year I have sent to their Secretary, Mr. P. W. Hodgetts, quite a number of fifty cent memberships that otherwise would not have gone into the treasury of the Ontario Asso- ciation, but would have been turned over to some other Branch. My first letter to the Secretary of the Northern California Association when they wrote me that thej' had voted to become a Branch contained a check for $5.00 for memberships received from that and nearby states not having a Branch, received just a few days prior to get- ting their letter, which I had not yet sent to other Branches. By the above you can see that there has been no in- tention to deceive the public by print- 150 TWELFTH ANNUAL, REPORT OF THE ing these names as National Branches, but rather a desire to assist them and maintain the National members through their Branches to their own financial benefit of these local Asso- ciations. These rules were all pub- lished in the July Review on page 267. For the future I wish to say that, to me at least, the outlook is bright. Members everywhere are beginning to understand better the work of the As- sociation under the new laws, and many new ones are sending in their support in the way of subscriptions. The subscription income to the Review was almost doubled during January of 1913 to what it was in January, 1912. Our subscription list also is in a great deal better condition, for since pur- chasing the Review I have been gradually weeking out all subscriptions past due, until now my list is strictly a paid-in-advance subscription list, with the exception of those who have written in asking that the Review be continued and that they would send their subscription remittance later. Considering the amount of packages we have sold to our members in a local way last year and remembering that not a single shipment, excepting a local shipment, was made, and realiz- ing that all of these customers were pleased with the goods sent them, many having written me words of ap- proval, and stating what they had made by purchasing from the National, it is reasonable to expect a much larger business along this one line during 1913; besides I have received a niimber of letters asking for prices on carlots, which shows an awakening in- terest along this line. In the sale of honey I did not succeed in establishing the plan I desired, but inj order to do something I did the best I could and tried to bring buyer and consumer closer together through correspondence. I have letters stating where this effort has been instrumental in selling sev- eral carloads of honey, and when we can get selling agencies established there is no reason why we cannot direct the shipment of a good many cars annually. This should be done not with an idea of getting into the honey business from a business stand- point, but with the idea of establishing agencies which will be under the direct control of the Association. To do this we must Incorporate, and I have advice from a prominent Detroit attorney. stating that we can incorporate as a Co-Operative Association without cap- ital if we wish, and still be enabled to do business along the lines we are attempting. With reference to the sale of bee supplies, I am frank to say that I do not feel this should be undertaken to any extent, excepting by the estab- lishment of co-operative agencies through the different National Branches, wherever a Branch is in- corporated or is in a position to finance its purchases. Then if it will turn over its purchasing to the National Associa- tion, and this is done by a number of Branches, the added power placed in the hands of the ^National in this way should enable it to get the very best prices and the very best service. This should be done without thought ot profit, but with the desire to serve, and I feel that the only true co-oper- ative plan to handle this business is for these local Branches to charge the regular retail price, go out after the business the same as a profit concern, and then distribute the profits back to the stockholders or members after paying a reasonable interest on the capital stock, these profits to be dis- tributed according to the amount of business done by the member with the Association. One of the dangers which faces the National, at this time is the possible attempt it may make to do too many things, and to accomplish too much with the means it has. The members should be patient as long as we are making growth and advance- ment, for the more members we have the greater good can we accomplish for each member, and it seems to me that the best method of obtaining this growth is by assisting every National Branch and striving all together to build up the membership through the circulation of the Bee-Keepers' Re- view, the National's official organ. Please remember when I say this that I am not talking from a personal motive, because the Review belongs to you, and you, as delegates representing your members who have sent you here, have absolute power to say who rules the Review, who shall be your officers, and what your policy shall be. In no other way with our membership so scattered can each individual member be so truly represented as by the plan of having you come here with full power to vote on these questions for ILLINOIS STATE BEE-KEEPERS' ASSOCIATION 151 them. Let me assure you that the en- retary's report be accepted and placed tire responsibility of this Association on file. Seconded and carried, rests 'today on your shoulders, and Following the Secretary's report what you decide at this meeting will came a vigorous discussion by the determine the policies of the Assoeia- delegates with reference to the powers tion the coming year. If I, as your of the Directors to enter into the pur- Secretary, have not been following the chase of the Review for the Associa- work along the lines you feel is ad- tion. visable, then I shall expect you to tell Mr. Cavanagh, delegate, of Chicago- me so and to point out the things you Northwestern Branch, presented some would like to have done. Whether I strong arguments as to why in his am your Secretary next year, or not, opinion the Review should not have' which will depend on your vote at this been purchased, and asked for further meeting, I assure you that the Asso- information. ciation has my support and I shall Mr. J. J. Anderson, delegate, of Idaho gladly turn over to my successor Honey Producers' Association, entered a everything possible to help him in his vigorous defense of the Directors re- work and to offer such advice as it garding the purchase of, the Review, may be possible for me to give him. Dr. E, F. Phillips, Dr. H. A. Surface, Personally I feel that thq Association and others, entered into the discussion, is greater than any individual and that some favoring and others questioning it must be considered at all times the action of the Directors in purchas- ahead of an officer. ing the Bee-Keepers' Review. The The above report I present to you discussion was not entered into at for your careful and earnest considera- length at this time, as it would come ^jQ^" up again when the proposed changes -p, -g TYRRELL ^" ^^^ Constitution were taken up, so the Treasurer's report was called for. Secretary. rj^-^^^ ^^^ ^.g^^ ^,y Director E. D. Town- Moved by Mr. Dittrich that the Sec- send, and is as follows: Treasurer's Report, Naiiional Bee- Keepers' Association. 1912. ' INCOME. Jan. 1 From former N. B.-K. A 5 28.09 Feb. 2 '■ E.B.Tyrrell 57.00 Feb. 15 " " "' 15.00 Feb. 17 " " " 14.50 Mar. 7 " ' •' 93.00 Mar. 17 • " " " 15-00 Mar. 28 " " " 14-00 Apr. 1 " " " 5.00 Apr. 16 " " " 31.00 May 17 " " " • 64.15 May 24 " " ' 65.27 Maj' 27 ■' " " 50.30 June 4 •' " " 58 . 50 June 12 " " " ..-. 57.54 July 8 " " " 206.62 July 27 •' " " 170.27 Aug. 5 " " " 127.79 Aug 20 " " " 188.39 Sept. 9 " " " 120.69 Sept. 16 " " " 88.42 Oct. 4 " " " 198.35 Oct. 21 " " " 130.77 Nov. 7 " " " 156.11 Nov. 22 " - " " 179 . 40 D^Cr-^ " " " 117.40 -^ec. 21\ " " " 159.13 Dgc>^fli \ " " " 229.66 1913. ^~X\ Jan. 7 ^' " " 173.08 152 TWELFTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE Jan. 13 From E, B. Tyrrell Jan. 25 196.95 220.61 $ 3,231.99 ^l^^^ DISBURSEMENTS. No. 1 Feb. 6 Geo. Drake & Co : . . 2 Feb. 6 E. B. Tyrrell 3 Mar. 11 E. B. Tyrrell 4 Mar. 11 Geo. Drake & Co 5 Mar. 11 C. F. May 6 Mar. 20 E. B. Tyrrell 7 Mar. 20 J. M. Buchanan 8 Mar. 27 N. E. France (postage) 9 Apr. 3 Remus State Bank (Bond of Treas.) 10 Apr. 23 C. F. May 11 Apr. 23 E. B. Tyrrell 12 May 9 C. F. May 13 May 9 T. Printery ; 14 May 9 Gregory, Mayer & Thorn 15 May 9 E. B. Tyrrell 16 May 24 E. B. Tyrrell 17 May 24 M. T. Elton 18 May 24 Detroit MailiHg- Co 19 May 24 M. J. Elton 20 June 17 M. J. Elton 21 22 23 Delegates' expenses to Detroit Meeting, Jan., 1912. (not paid) 24 25 1913. 26 Feb. 3 E. B. Tyrrell 27 Dec. 30 H. G, Sibbald 2S Dec. 30 George Laing 29 June 5 E. B. Tyrrell SO June 5 E. B, Tyrrell 31 June 5 M. J. Elton 32 June 5 Detroit Engraving Co 33 June 5 George Drake 34 June 5 C. F. May 35 June 17 E. B. Tyrrell 36 June 19 M. J. Elton 37 June 19 E. B. Tyrrell 38 July 1 Detroit Mailing Co 39 July 15 E. B. Tyrrell ' 40 July 15 C. F. May 41 July 15 Detroit Engraving Co 42 July 27 Detroit Mailing Co 43 July 27 E. B. Tyrrell 44 July 28 E. B. Tyrrell ." 45 Aug. 12 C. F. May .' 46 Aug. 12 Detroit Engraving Co 47 Aug. 12 Detroit Mailing Co 48 Aug. 12 George Drake Co , 49 Aug. 12 N. E. France (potage) 50 Aug. 28 E. B. Tyrrell 51 Aug. 28 E. B. Tyrrell 52 Aug. 28 E. B. Tyrrell 53 Stept. 9 C. F. May 54 Sept. 9 Detroit Engraving Co 53 6 21 19 5 50 ' 2 2 5 25 32 13 5 1 7 10 10 9 6 6 .51 .95 .62 .17 .00 .00 .50 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .85 .75 .00 .00 .14 .00 ,00 IS. 29. 25. 10. 6. 16. 1. 126. 59. 6. 10. 14. 20. 127. 32. 12. 66. 50. 139. 15. 11. 1. 2 43 20 74 133 12 88 64 63 25 00 00 75 95 50 55 00 00 39 00 75 29 37 04 00 50 31 48 65 00 00 00 51 75 25 ILLINOIS STATE BEE-KEEPERS' ASSOCIATION 153 55 Sept. 9 Pay to Cash 10.00 56 Sept. 18 Detroit Mailing Co. 8.78 57 Sept. 18 E.B.Tyrrell 77.27 58 Oct. 17 C. F. May '• 149.25 59 Oct. 17 Underwood Typewriter Co 10 . 00 60 Oct. 17 George Drake 1-75 61 Oct 17 Mrs. E. J. McLean .- 5.00 62 Oct. 17 E. F. Atwater • 9.00 63 Oct. 17 E. B. TjTrell 30.00 64 Oct. 21 E. B. Tyrrell 71.69 65 Oct. 21 Detroit Engraving Co 21.00 66 Oct. 2:1 Detroit Mailing Co 7.92 67 Nov. 15 Detroit Mailing Co 7. 49 68 Nov. 15 Union Paper Co ■ 4 . 90 69 Nov. 15 Detroit Engraving Co, 21.75 70 Nov. 15 Mrs. E. J. McLean 12 . 00 71 Nov. 15 C. F. May 114.50 72 Nov. 15 Gregory, Mayer & Thorn Co 1.30 73 Nov. 15 Business Institute -96 74 Nov. 15 Beecher, Peck & Lewis 2.25 75 Nov. 15 E. B. Tyrrell 20.00 76 Nov. 29 B. B. Tyrrell 71 . 72 77 Nov. 29 Underwood Typewriter Co 10 . 00 78 Nov. 29 E. B. Tyrrell 6.55 79 Nov. 29 Envelope Co.— E. B. Tyrrell 32 . 76 50 Dec. 10 C. F. May : 138.00 51 Dec. 10 Detroit Engraving Co 20. 62 82 Dec. 10 Mrs. E. J. McLean 15.00 83 Dec. 10 Business Institute 3.26 84 Dec. 21 E. B. Tyrrell 74.20 85 Dec. 21 Detroit Mailing Co 7 . 29 1913. 86 Jan. 8 C.F.May 133.75 87 Jan. 8 Detroit Engraving Co 9.50 88 Jan. 8 Mrs. E. J. McLean 28.98 89 Jan. 8 Underwood Typewriter Co 20 . 75 90 Jan. 8 E. B. Tyrrell 140 . 47 91 Jan. 8 E. B. Tyrrell , 75.00 92 Jan. 16 E. B. TjTrell 14.74 93 Jan. 16 E. B. Tyrrell (Principal on Note) 125 . 62 94 Jan". 16 E. B. Tyrrell (Interest on Note) 4.13 95 Jan. 16 E. B. Tyrrell (Interest on Note) 28. 88 96 Feb. 3 Wesley Foster 20.00 97 Feb. 3 E. D. Townsend 20 . 75 98 Feb. 3 E.B.Tyrrell 16.20 99 Feb. 3 E. B. Tyrrell ; 10 . 15 To checks to Feb. 4 ~. $ 3,027.06 Cash on hand Feb. 4th ...$ 204.93 NOTE — The Treasurer's balance was made at a different date from the Sec- retary's balance, there being one deposit check in the mails, which had not reached the Treasurer, and also some orders included above, sent after February first, which accounts for. differences in balance in the Treasurer's and Secre- tary's figures. Moved that the Treasurer's report be ing Committee. Motion seconded, accepted as read and placed on file. Secretary Tyrrell at this point stared Seconded and carried. that if the Treasurer's report was to Moved by Dr. J. S. Ward, delegate, be referred to an Auditing Committee, of Tennessee Branch, that the Treas- it was no more than fair that the Ssc- urer's report be referred to an Audit- retary^s report be also referred to an 154 TWELFTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE Auditing Committee, so both of them had to deal with the financial affairs of the Association. After some discas- sion by the delegates, Dr. Ward, \.'ith the consent of the second, withdrew his motion. The Directors' report was made by Chairman E. D. Townsend, stating verbally some of the things accom- plished by the Directors and giving a written report consisting of +he rules adopted during the year, which are as follows: Rule No. 1. Passed that the Hoard recommend that Article 1 of the Con- stitution be amended at the lext an- nual meeting, changing the name of the Association so that it will indicace the Association as National in char- acter. Rule No. 2. Passed that where membership remittances are sent di- rect to the Secretary that he place such members in the nearest National Branch to the member. Rule No. 3. Passed that a meeting be held in the fall of 1912 in Cin- cinnati, Ohio, at a date satisfactory to Cincinnati bee-keepers and that the February, 1913, meeting be held in Washington, D. C. Rule No. 4. Passed that :he First National Bank of Plattville, Wiscon.sin, be made the depository for the funds of the National Bee-Keepers' Assoc:a- tion. Rule No. 5. Passed that the Secre- tary be authorized to draw orders an the Treasurer, the same to be coauter- signed by the Chairman of the Board of Directors and then to be paid by the Treasurer. Rule No. 6. Passed that che remit- tances for dues should be first sent to the Secretary and by him turned over to the Treasurer. Rule No. 7. Passed that the bonis of the Treasurer- General Manager be placed at $1,000 for this year, carried in a bonding company and to be paid for by the Association. Rule No, 8. Passed that the (late>^in February of the Washington meeting be left to the Legis-lative Committee, and that the Board hereby approve such date as will be selected. Rule No. 9. Passed that the Secre- tary be instructed to ask for a crop report from all members of the Asso- ciation. Rule No. 10. Passed that the Divi- sion of Apiary Culture, Bureau of En- tomology, Department af Agriculture, at Washington, D. C, be requested to render such assistance as they may to able to give to secure a honey crop report. Rule No, 11. Passed that th.- Sec- retary be instructed to make .he best arrangement possible for funrlshing honey shipping packages to members of the Association. Rule No. 12. Passed that the Asso- ciation adopt the co-operative method of directing the sales of its members' honey. Rule 13. Passed that a sum of money not to exceed $100 for office fixtures be allowed. Rule No. 14. Passed that as soon as funds are available cases of H. G. Sib- bald, of Toronto, Ontario, and George Laing, of Milton West, Ontario, he settled for, by the Association paying the custoinary amount. Rule No. 15. Passed that the ex- pense of officers and Directors attend- ing- the January meeting be allowed and paid as soon as there is suflflcient funds in the treasury for so doing. Rule No. 16. Passed that the Chair- man of the Board of Directors take up with Mr. N. B. France the question of his salary. Rule No. 17. Passed that stationery and postage of officers and Directors be furnished for their business con- nected with the Association. Rule No. 18. Passed that the Sec- retary be instructed to correspond with the contributors of the League Fund Avhere more than $25 has been con- trubted, asking their consent to trans- fer the League Fund to the Creneral Fund. Rule No. 19. That no 1912 meeting of the National Bee-Keepers' Yssoeia- tion be held this year. Rule No. 20. Resolved, That two additional Editors of the Review be appointed by the Board of Directors, to serve until the delegate meeting in February, 1913, or until their suc- cessors shall be elected; be it farther Resolved, That it shall be the duty of the two last mentioned Edi^-ors to take full charge of and pass upoiij all manuscript published in the Review, and do any other work naturally fall- ing upon an Editor, except as manag- ing editor; be it further Resolved, That all three Editors shall have use of the Editorial Depart- ILLINOIS STATE BEE-KEEPERS' ASSOCIATION 155 ment of the Review, each signing' his name or initials to their individual editorial. Moved that the report of the Di- rectors be accepted and filed. Sec- onded and carried. At this point Mr. Fred "W. Muth pre- sented to the convention an invitation in behalf of the Cincinnati Board of Commerce to take a trolley ride over the city, visiting- several points of in- terest. Moved by Hamlin V. Poore, delegate, of Minnesota Branch, that the invita- tion be accepted and that the ride be taken the afternoon of Feb. 13. Sec- onded and carried. The report of the Legislative Com- mittee was next in order, but the Sec- retary, having no report sent him by that committee, was unable to render a report. Later on at the convention, Editor E, R. Root, of Gleanings in Bee Culture, gave a brief verbal report of what had been done by the Legis.a Ive Committee according to his under- standing. One of the importa^it things was the securing by the com.mittee consent of the authorities at Washing- ton to send out boiler plate matter to newspapers all over the counrry teliyr.g of the dangerous bee diseases and giv- ing Avarning to the public. This was later done, and the result wus that a great many papers published Vncse articles, which certainly were valuable to the bee-keepers of the coujtry. The Chairman announced at this time that it would be in order t'> take up the proposed amendments. The Secretary asked that we take up pro- posed amendment No. 7, cove^i-i..:? Sec- tion 1, of Article IX. The amendment is as follows: "Article IX, Section 1. The Bee- Keepers' Review, a monthly publi- cation, shall be published by this Association as its official organ." Motion made by Dr. J. S. "Ward, delegate, of Tennessee Branch, that we take up the discussion of this amend- ment at this time. Seconded and car- ried. Dr. H. A. Surface, delegate, r.f Penn- sylvania Branch, spoke in favor of postponing- the action on this section at this time owing to its importance. He further stated that there was con- siderable dissatisfaction amunsr the members at large, owing to the action formerly taken by the Directors; that he felt this matter should have care- ful consideration before any a3tijn was taken. Director Foster, delegate for Colomdo and Washington Branches, spoke at this time, giving his reasons as t-i why he favored the purchase of the Bee- Keepers' Review by the Associitlon. He stated that the Review had helped greatly in getting members in the -^vest. Chairman Townsend, of the Directors, stated that the Directors had assumed considerable responsibility in "he pur- chase of the Review, but that the Di- rectors had felt it was advisable after giving the matter careful and flelib- erate consideration. ; Ralph B. Daly, delegate, of Adiron- dack Branch, stated that he considered the Directors bought the Review with full authority according to the Con:5ti- tution, and that the Association needed the Review. Dr. E. F. Phillips, of Washington, spoke with reference to the action of the board of Directors, giving several criticisms with reference to the pur- chase of the Review, among them be- ing as follows: First, that we are now without any funds; second, criticises the editorial policy with reference to some of the articles published during the past year, and third, that it was not necessary to buy a paper in order to start one for the Association. These suggestions were later put in the form of questions to be referred to a com- mittee. Mr. Morris, of Ohio, spoke in favor of the Review as the official organ the National, stating that it had b€en the means of getting many new mem- bers to the Ohio Branch. He stated that the average apiary in Ohio con- tained only but five colonies of bees, and that the official organ is an in- ducement to get and hold members in their association. He stated that the official proceedings can be printed in the Review. Mr. P. B. Cavanagh, delegate, of Chicago-Northwestern Branch, stated that it was the opinion of the members of the Chicago -Northwestern Branch that it was a mistake to purchase the Bee-Keepers' Review, and that it is first necessary to settle the question whether the Directors had authority to purchase the Review. He stated that the members of his Branch thought that by not publishing in one volume the report of the National Conventions 156 TWELFTH ANNUAL REPORT OP THE a great deal would be lost. He favors the old pla'n of price bulletins issued by Mr. France, and that this was sufficient without the publication of an official journal. Mr. J. J. Anderson, delegate, of Idaho Honey Producers' Association, spoke vigorously in favor of the Revie-,v as an official organ, and the value of it to the association, stating that if an annual report once a year is good, a report once a month is certainly better. He states that "we are questioning the authority of the Board of Directors in purchasing the Review," and asks pointer! ly what we have them for. He emphatically approves the action of the Directors in purchasing the Re- view. Dr. E. F. Phillips suggested that the Directors explain how the As- sociation expenses will be financed. Secretary Tyrrell stated at this time that one of the values of the Review to the Association was in it furnishing the means of communications by and between the members; that it helped build the local Branches, and that by increasing the circulation enough profit should be made from the publication of the ReAiew to do the other business that should be done by the Association. He explained that the receipts from advertising contributed largely towards the expense of publishing the Review and that part of the subscription money was profit which with an in- creased circulation would finance th§ National Association. P. E. Crane, delegate, of Vermont Branch, spoke, stating that he would like to know whether the Directors had a right to buy the Review, or not. Mr. Hamilton V. Poore, delegate, of Minnesota Branch, stated that he was sorry there was a discussion regarding the question. , ]^r. Poore was not in favor of establishing an official organ at this time; he recommends that some provision should be made for life membership. The question came up as to why some members of the Na- tional did not receive the Review; dur- ing the past year. Secretary Tyrrell explained that owing to the regulations of the Postal Authorities, the Review had to maintain a subscription list, and that where membership had been paid in to the National prior to ihe purchase of the Review, we would be conflicting with the Postal Daws in sending the Review to those members, but as fast as these members renewed membership, sending in their $1.00 to this office, as subscription, and paying the local membership Branch fee of 50 cents, that they were placed on the subscription list, and the Review sent them. Dr. H. A. Surface asked what the Review will give the memers that the other bee journals would not give. The Secretary explained that it would be hardly fair to expect the other journals to carry the National's advertising or to publish many reports and notices that should go to the members. Prof. Surface thought that the former bulle- tin issue by the Association would supply this need. Mr. Bailey stated that he considered it a good business proposition in that the Review had during the past year put over $400.00 in the depleted treas- ury. Mr. J. J. Anderson, delegate, of Idaho Honey Producers' Association, again called attention to the value of a publication going twelve times a year to the members in preference to once a year, and called attention to other organizations having their official organs, together with the advantages of such. He asked, if the Directors had no authority to take the action they did, what use there was in electing Directors. He approved the purchase of the journal, not "nly as a means of communication between the members ■ but as the means of providing revenue for the Association. Motion made by Mr. J. J. Anderson, delegate, of Idaho Honey Producers' Association, that the proposed amend- ment of Article IX, Section 1, be accepted. This motion was later with- drawn, and the following motion pre- sented instead: Moed bj"- Dr. H. A. Surface, delegate, of Pennsylvania, that Article IX, Sec- tion 1, be referred to a committee of five to be appointed by the chair, and to report at the morning session. Seconded and carried. The Chair then appointed the fol- lowing members on that Committee: Delegates — Dr. H. A. Surface, F. B. Cavanagh, A. C. Allen, E. D. Townsend, and Earl M- Nichols. Dr. Gates, Chairman, then called on Mr. Dadant to take the Chair while he retired and arranged the Committees. Dr. H. A. Surface was then called upon to give a talk of the value of clover to bee-keepers. He responded ILLINOIS STATE BEE-KEEPERS' ASSOCIATION 157 by giving' an excellent and interesting address on. this subject. Among other things he stated that crimson clover was his main honey plant, and main clover crop. Dr. Gates then took the chair and appointed the following committees: Committee on Resolutions: C. H. W. "Weber, Ohio branch; S. W. Snyder, Iowa branch; E. D, Townsend, Michi- gan branch. Auditing Committee: E. D. Town- send, Michigan branch; P. E. Crane, Vermont branch; E. A. Dittrich, Indiana branch. Policy and Extension Committee.: A. C. Allen, Wisconsin branch; J. J. An- derson, Idaho Honey Producers' As- sociation; Ralph B. Daly, Adirondack branch; Dr. J. S. Ward, Tennessee branch; HamTin V. Poore, Minnesota branch. Committee on Constitution: • C. P. Dadant, Illinois branch; Wesley Foster, Colorado and Washington branches; Dr. H. A. Surface, Pennsylvania branch; F. B. Cavanagh, Chicago- Northwestern branch; E. D. Townsend, Michigan branch. Meeting adjourned at 4:45 p. m., to again meet at 7^00 p. m., for the even- ing session. Evening session called to order by Chairman Dr. B. N. Gates, at 7:15 p. m. The question as to whether the Na- tional should be be incorporated came up for a discussion. Secretary Tyrrell was asked to explain concerning it. He stated that the incorporation of the National would be merely a means of protection to the membership; that as it now stood, according to Michi- gan laws and he believed this applied to the general law, that the Association was simply a large body of partners, and that any one member financially responsible could be sued for the debts of the Association; that where a body was incorporated it then was recog- nized by law the same as an individual could do business, sue and be sued, and the individual members would not be personally responsible. Outside of this protection to the members there is no real Advantage in incorporating, but as a /protection it seemed to the Secretary ( the incorporation was ad- visable. \ He explained further that under the laws of Michigan the Association could be incorporated without capital stock, and still be permitted to do business and own property. After some discus- sion it was moved by J. J. Anderson, delegate, of Idaho Honey Producers' Association Branch, that the matter of incorporation of the National be re- ferred to a Committee of three ap- pointed by the Chair. Mr. Foster was on the program for the first address of the evening, but, being busy on Committee work at the time, the address on "Why the Pro- duction of Comb Honey Should Be In- creased," by Ernest Root, of Medina, Ohio, was given. " Mr. Root prefaced his address bj' comments on the shipping cage for sending live bees. He exhibited a new case his company has just gotten out, which had some advantages over the old form, and the shape of the case was different. The cage caused much interest among the members present. In discussing the production of comb honey he stated that three things which were preventing better prices on comb honey were first, poor grad- ing; second, careless shipping, which disgusted the dealers, and third, granu- lation. The granulation of tbe honey in the comb was a big draw-back to its sale. At the same time he felt that the production of comb honey should be increased, and that more care should be taken along the lines above mentioned. His address, which was not written, hence we are unable to give a copy of it, was well received by the members. Mr. Root was given a hearty applause at the close. Mr. Hamlin V. Poore described a super he uses for the production of both comb and extracted honey at the same time. Mr. Harry Lathrop stated that he has produced many tons of fancy comb honey in the past, but cannot do it now profitably, because there are many people around him who produce comb honey that sells for the same money he gets for the extracted honey. Mr. R. F. Holterman, of Canada, stated that the reason he stopped the production of comb honey was be- cause of the danger of poor seasons which left him with many poorly filled sections, for which he could not get the best price. Mr. E. D. Townsend was called upon to tell about his method of producing both comb and extracted honey in the same super, and responded by saying 158 TWELFTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE that he is producing' only extracted honey now, but that, if he went baclc to comb honey production, he certainly would use that super; a shallow ex- tracting frame super. He has had bees that worked fifteen minutes on a foundation after the super was given them. Mr. Root asked Mr. Townsend why he dropped the production of comb honey. Mr. Townsend replied by say- ing that in going- into the handling of out yards more extensively the swarm- ing bothered too much in the produc- tion of comb honey. Still when he run his bees for comb honey on the method described he only had 15 per cent of swarms. Mr. Allen stated that he sold a lot of comb honey in frames direct to the consumer. Mr. Root stated that in the produc- tion of comb honey they used a starter two-thirds of the way down, also bot- tom starter and used thin foundation. He placed emphasis on the importance of putting the foundation in the frames in a warm room, where the tempera- ture is near 90 degree, or else use starters only. After the honey is pro- duced then cut the honey out of the frames, and place it on a wire cloth, and then cut it into squares the pro- per size for the individual service pack- age. It is allowed to remain there for 24 hours to drain, and then is wrapped in paraffine paper. In thisi condition it is ready for the market. Mr. Foster now followed with an ad- dress on "The Needs of the Wester.i Bee-Keepers." He stated that in the west the honey localities are far apart. This brings the bee-keepers in groups, the different groups being widely sep- arated. The first thing the western bee-keeper did was to club orders in purchasing their bee"" supplies in small lots; later they increased their orders and secured carlots of supplies; still later the Colorado Honey Producers' Association was formed for the hand- ling of their honey. They began with a store room and a warehouse. At first it was only open on Saturdays and bee- keepers came in on those days, brought in their honey and secured their sup- plies. The voting was done at monthly meetings, according to shares of stock held. Mr. Foster stated that a co-oper- ative association is not purely co-oper- ative when the voting is done accord- ing to the stock held and advocates the voting to be done according to the membership on account of the liability of the stock of a corporation getting into a few hands who, where the stock controls the votes, would be in control of the Association. In some Western Fruit Associations Mr. Foster stated over 50 per cent of the stock was held by outside parties. Mr. Foster stated that the west needed more co-operation by members of the local Associations. Second, by the distribution of their product in the eastern markets. He stated there is from 35 to 60 cars sent out of Colorado every year. Idaho is running Colorado a close second, if it is not surpassing it in the production of alfalfa honey. Colorado comb honey granulates earlier now than it did formerly, and Mr. Foster thinks this is hecause there are more honey bearing plants and that this mixture of honey from different sources has a tendency for causing early granulation. He stated that the honey during the past year was dark and would not grade the best, that about 75 per cent this year was No. 2, and 25 per cent was No. 1. The prob- lem, however, is in marketing extracted honey. They cannot afford to produce comb honey if they can get 8 cents for extracted, but at the present time if they have a car of extracted honey they are lucky if they can get over 6 to 6% cents, and under these condi- tions comb honey production is more profitable. During the past year it brought from $2.50 to $3.00 for a 24 sec- tion case. The logical market for Idaho and Oregon is the Pacific Coast, but owing to the unjust freight rate they can deliver extracted honey in Denver cheaper than they can in Portland, Oregon. The rate on bees to a certain point mentioned by Mr. Foster was $4'00 per car while on live stock to the same point the rate was only $75. This mat- ter was taken up with the Railroad authorities and they succeeded in get- ting a reduction of about $100 per car. They did this by giving a special tar- iff. Thej' wrote to the Classification Committee asking that bee hives and bees be classfied as implements of toil. In this way a lower rate was secured. Mr. Foster closed by stating he believed the production of comb honey is in- creasing in the west over the produc- tion of extracted honey in most of the large honey producing localities. During the discussion on Mr. Foster's ilj:.inois state bee-kbepers' association 159 address Mr. Weber, o^ Cincinnati, stated that the western honey granu- lates in the com'b and believes that the western bee-keeper who is in the alfalfa honey district should produce extracted honey instead of comb, but that the northern bee-keeper in the clover dis- trict should produce comb honey, as it can be held over without ^anulation. Mr. Foster stated he had seen hun- dreds of cases of alfalfa comb honey that did not g^ranulate in two years, and that the granulation occurs where the honey is mixed with other kinds. Mr. Muth says we always feel we are swindled when we buy western honey. He knew of one firm who had 4,000 cases of comb honey left over from- a year ag-o which had granulated, and which they sold at from. 50'C to $1.00 per case. He states that western comb honey is a dangerous thing to handle. Dr. Phillips asked if there are locali- ties in which the honey granulates quickly and others where it does not. Mr. Foster stated there was and that it also depended on the season. The discussion on western honey was quite vigorously and generally carried on and Mr. Foster says that he had heard of compraints against western comb honey, but he did not realize it be- fore quite- so much as he did at the convention. Dr. H. A. Surface stated that many eastern bee-keepers think if the Na- tional helped get cheaper freight rates on western honej^ that it would hurt the eastern crop, Tsut he doesn't feel that way, bacause the home grown product in his opinion is the best. He emphasized the importance of develop- ing your local market, stating that he can get better prices in his own little town than he can from a distant city. - I>r. Surface said he could get 25c per pound for all the comb honey he can produce; that he stamps his name on every section he sells, and has educated his customers to call for his honey. Dr. Phillips stated that the local market will not always consume all of the local product. Mr. Anderson, 'delegate of the Idaho Honey Producers' Association, says that the State of Idaho produces as fine honey as is produced in the world; that the matter of lower freight rates and closer co-operation is the greatest need of the western bee-keeper. They find that the buyers try to heat them down - — on prices. He regards sweet clover as their greatest honey plant; their as- sociation will use this year about six carloads of supplies, all bought through the Association. He states that all their honey is sold through their As- sociation, and that they furnish their members supplies at jobbers' prices, with 5 per cent added for the expense of handling. Mr. Francis Danzenbaker, of Vir- ginia, heartily endorsed what. Dr. Sur- face says with reference to developing the local market, and believes that prejudice against candied honey is caused largely by what has been pub- lished regarding sugar honey. People eating the honey and noting the granules jump to the conclusion that it is sugar, A call was taken for a show of those who were not delegates to the conven- tion. Am sorry to say that I was un- able to get these names in the short time available, so that I can not give them' to you with any degree of ac- curacy. Meeting adjourned at 9:30 p. m. to meet Thursday morning at 8 a. m. THURSDAY MORNING, FEB. 13TH. Meeting called to order by Chairman | B. N. Gates. The first thing taken up was the reading and hearing of invita- tions from different cities for our next annual meeting. The Secretary read invitations from the cities of Buffalo, both from the Mayor and from the Chamiber of Comimerce; an invitation was als'o received from Chicago through the Chicago Association of Commerce; San Francisco sent in an invitation from the San Francisco Con- vention Bureau. This invitation, how- ever, is for the year 1915, at which time the Panama Pacific International Ex- position will be held. An invitation from the Mayor of New Orleans was also received, and one from the New Orleans Conventions and Tourists Bureau; Secretary Tyrrell presented a personal invitation from Detroit; Director Wesley Foster one from Den- ver; Delegate J. J. Anderson one from Idaho Falls, and delegate Ralph B. Daly for either Rochester or Buffalo, but favored Rochester; Dr. B. N. Gates spoke in favor of holding the next con- vention in the northeast; Washington was considered, and both Secretary Tyrrell and Editor E. R. Root spoke ir, favor of Washington on account of that city being disappointed in not having the convention this year, after it had 160 TWELFTH ANNUAL. REPORT OF THE been decided by the Directors to hold the convention there. Mr. Root thinks "We must have some regulations in re- gard to shipping bees from one part of the country to another, and felt we might gain something along that lii/e if we could hold out next convention in Washington and visit the authorities in person. At this point Mr. Root gave a report of the Legislative Committee as mentioned previously in this re- port. Moved by P. E. Crane, delegate, of Vermont, that Mr. Root's report for the Legislative Committee be accepted and filed. The Auditing Committee were called on for their report but they were not ready at this time to make it. A report of the Committee on Policy and Extension was called for but they were not yet ready to report. The Chair asked for an expression from the members as to what report they would like first. The Committee on Constitution was asked to report. Chairman Dadant made the following report in waiting: "With reference to the proposed amendments we recommend that Article 1 be not adopteJ. Recommend that Article 3 be adopted with the change in the num.bers of 25 to 15. W'e recommend that Article IV, Sec- tion Ij be adopted. v W^e reccommend that Article IV, Sec- tion 2, be adopted as follows: 'The to- tal membership fee shall be $1.00; 50c , of which shall go into the funds of the local branch treasury, and 50c into the National treasury; a subscription to the official organ, the Bee-Keepers' Re- view, is not compulsory, although it is advisable in order that each member may receive all important notices pub- lished therein.' We recommend that "Article IV, Sec- tion 3, be adopted. We recommend that Article VI, Sec- tion 1, be adopted. We recommend that Article VI, Sec- tion 2, be rejected. W^e recommend that Article VI, Sec- tions 4 and 5, be adopted. We recommend that Article VII, ' Section 1, be adopted as follows: A Board of five Directors shall be elected by the delegates at their annual meetings as follows: In even years — 2; in odd years — 3; each of whom is to sei^e two successive years, or until his successor is elected and qualified. We recommend that Article VIIl, Section 2, be adopted." The Committee did not make a re- port on Article IX., Sections 1 and 2, as this matter had been placed in the hands of a Special Committee to report. Moved by J. J. Anderson, delegate, of the Iowa Honey Producers' Associa- tion, that the report of the Committe-i be accepted and placed on file. The question was brought up as to whether the acceptance of this report constituted the adoption of the amiend- ments, and it was explained that it did not, that the amendments would then have to be taken up and acted on sepa- rately. Dr. E. F. Phillips suggested that we omit the word "Branch" and that we use the words "Affiliated Associations" instead. He stated that it would then show that each separate organization affiliated with the National would still have all the powers they formerly had and in addition have the benefits and strength of the National. Mr. Dadant explained that in Illi- nois they received from the State a certain appropriation each year, but that the appropriation would be with- drawn in case they did not maintain their separate organization. Moved by Mr. Dadant that the word "Branch" be not used, but the words "Affiliated Associations" be used in- stead. Seconded and the vote for this change stood as follows: Favorable — Idaho, 2; Wisconsin, 2; Illinois, 5; • Ohio, not voting; Minnesota, not vot- ing; Adirondack, 1; Iowa, 1; Tennessee, 1; Michigan, 2; Indiana, 2; Chicago- Northwestern, 1; Washington, 1; Hampshire-Hampden-Franklin, 1; Col- orado, 2; Pennsylvania, j; Vermont, 1; Worcester, 1. Against — None. Carried unanimously. Moved by J. J. Anderson, delegate, of Idaho Honey Producers' Association, that the report of the Committee rec- om'mending that Article I be not changed, so that it still reads "This organization shall be known as the National Bee- Iceepers' Association," be adopted. Mo- tion seconded. The vote was as fol- lows: Favorable — Idaho, Wisconsin, Illinois, Ohio, Minnesota, Adirondack, Iowa, Tennessee, Michigan, Indiana, Chicago-Northwestern. Washington, Hampshire-Hampden-Franklin, Color- ado, Pennsylvania, Vermont, and Wor- cester. Unfavorable — None. Motion carried unanimously. ILLINOIS STATE BEE-KEEPERS' ASSOCIATION 161 Moved by A. C. Allen, delegate, of Wisconsin Branch, that Article III be amended to read as follows: "This or- ganization shall consist of one central organization with its various aflSliated associations; these affiliated associa- ,tions may be in any locality where fif- teen or more members of the National decide to form a Branch." At this point it was considered ad- visable inasmuch as it took so much time to have a roll call of votes that those branches against a motion be asked to vote first, and if there was no opposition that the motion would be considered carried unanimously. A vote taken this way showed the motion carried unanimously. Moved by P. E. Crane, delegate, of Vermont Branch, that Article IV, Sec- tion 1, be laid on the table temporarily. Motion seconded and carried unani- mously. Moved by P. E. Crane, delegate, of Vermont Branch, that Article IV, Sec- tion 2, be laid on the table temporarily. Motion seconded and carried unani- mously. Moved by Dr. H. A. Surface, delegate, of Pennsylvania Branch, that Article IV, Section 3, be adopted as follows: "Memberships shall begin at the time the membership fee is paid and shall expire at the end of the time paid for, counting from date membership began." Motion seconded and carried unani- mously. Moved by E. D. Townsend, delegate, of Michigan Branch, that Article VI, Section 1, be adopted as follows: The officers of this Association shall be a President, Vice-President, Secretary and Treasurer; these officers shall be elected at each annual meeting of dele- gates, and shall serve for one year or until their successors are elected and qualified. Motion seconded and carried unanimously. Moved by Dr. H. A. Surface, delegate, of Pennsylvania, that Article VI, Sec- tion 2, be not adopted so that the Con- stitution would still read: "The Presi- dent shall preside at each annual meet- ing of delegates and at any special meeting which may be called. He shall also preside at all meetings of Direc- tors, and perform any other duties which may devolve upon the presiding officer." Motion seconded and carried unanimously. Moved by J. J. Anderson, delegate, of Idaho Honey Producers' Association, —11 that Article VI, Sections 4 and 5, shall be changed to correspond with the adoption of the change suggested in Section 1; this simply leaves off the words "General Manager" to the title of Treasurer. Motion seconded and carried unanimously. At this point it became necessary to decide positively whether the Con- vention would be able to take the trolley ride arranged for by the Board of Com- merce for the afternoon. Moved by C. P. Dadant, delegate, of Illinois Branch, that we accept with thanks the invitation from the Chamber of Commerce, and to arrange to take the ride at 3:30 p. m. Motion seconded and carried. Moved by J. J. Anderson, delegate, of Idaho Honey Producers' Association, that Article VII, Section 1, be adopted as follows: A Board of five Directors shall be elected by the delegates at their annual meetings as follows: in even years — 2; in odd years — 3; each of whom is to serve two successive years, or until his successor is elected and qualified. Seconded and carried unanimously. Moved by J. J. Anderson, delegate, of Idaho Honey Producers' Association, that Article VIII, Section 2, be stricken from the Constitution and Section 3 inserted in its place. Section 2 reads as follows: A local branch shall consist of 25 members. Motion seconded and carried unanimously. A discussion occurred at this time with reference to Article V, Section 2, which reads: "Each affiliated Associa- tion shall be entitled to elect one dele- gate to attend the National meeting, who shall present proper credentials and if correct such delegate shall be entitled to one vote for every 50 mem- bers or a fraction thereof, in his local Association." The Committee recom- mended that Article V, Section 2, be amended to read as follows: "Each affiliated association shall be entitled to elect a delegation to attend the Na- tion meeting which dlegation shall pre- sent proper credentials, and if correct such delegation shall be entitled to one vote for every 25 miembers or a fraction thereof in their local association. Any delegation may represent one or more affiliated associations in his state but cannot represent an affiliated associa- tion from any other state. In represent- ing more than one affiliated associa- tion the vote of the delegation shall be 162 TWELFTH ANNUAL, REPORT OF THE based upon the total aggregation of yond the wood; entirely capped except their membership." This called forth a sipirited discus- sion participated in by a number of members including Messrs. Dadant, Phillips, Foster, Surface and J. G. Creighton. Moved by J. J. Anderson, delegate, of Idaho Honey Producers' Association, to amend the above motion by having the proposed amendment to Article V, Section 2, published and action to be taken at the next annual meeting. The roll call of votes on this motion was taken, and showed the vote unani- mously in favor of the amendment. The motion as amended was then put and carried unanimously. The report of the special committee on Article 9, Sections 1 and 2, was called for at this time. The report was made by Dr. H. A. Surface, Chair- man, and recommended the adoption of Sections 1 and 2. This committee was also asked to give answers to the following ques- tions: Was it necessary to purchase an existing publication, the Bee-Keep- ers' Review, in order to establish an of- ficial organ for the National? Their answer was, "We do not consider it was necessary to make such a pur- chase, but we approve the action of the directors." Q. Was the Board of Di- rectors authorized to purchase the Bee- Keepers' Review? Ans. — Under the Constitution .there Is nothing prohibit- ing the purchase of the Review toy the Board. The report was signed by Dr, H. A. Surface, Chairman. Moved by C. P. Dadant, delegate, of Illinois Branch, that the report be ac- cepted and placed on file. Seconfled and carried. . V In considering the '■adoption of 4:he amendments, Article IX, Sec. 1, it was moved by J. J. Anderson, delegate, of Idaho Honey Producers' Association, that the amendment be adopted so that Article 1, of Sec. IX, would read: "The Bee -Keepers' Review, a monthly pub- lication, shall ibe published by this as- sociation as its official organ." Sec- onded and carried unanimously. Moved by J. J. Anderson, delegate, of Idaho Honey Producers' Association, that Article IX, Section 2, be adopted, which would read: "Notices and re- ports published In the offloial organ, the Bee-Keepers' Review, shall be consid- ered ample and sufficient notice to the members, and it shall not be consid- ered necessary to send a written or printed notice in addition to the one published in the Review." Seconded and carried unanimously. The report of the Committee on Arti- cle IX, Section 2, was now called for, w'hich was as follows: This Committee recommend that the fee of the National Association be made $1.00, 50c to go to the Branch Association, and 50c to the National, and that the subscription to the Review be $1.00 in addition. Moved by Dr. H. A. Surface, delegate, of Pennsylvania Branch, that the re- port be adopted. Seconded. This called forth a lively discussion and the question came up at this time as to whether the delegates had authority to change this proposed amendment with- out the members being previously noti- fied according to Article IX, of the Con- stitution, The Chair called upon the delegates for a ruling as to whether a change could be made at this time, and the vote showed 7 for and 6 against. The vote being so close, a roll call vote was called for, which stood as follows: Yes — Idaho, 2; Wisconsin, 2; Illinois, 5; Minnesota, 1; Iowa, 1; Chicago North- western, 1; Hampshire - Hampden - Franklin, 1; Pennsylvania, 5; Worces- ter County, 1; total votes, 18. No — Ohio, 2; Adirondack, 1; Tennessee, 3; Michigan, 2; Indiana, 2; Washington, 1; Colorado, 2; Vermont, 1; No — 14. The vote upheld the ruling that the amend- ment could be made at this time. After a discussion as to the advis- ability of making this change in fees at this time, the matter was again re- ferred to the Committee for their at- tention. While the Committee was in session, the Secretary being absent with the Committee, as he was asked to >meet with them at this time. Delegate C. P. Dad'ant acted as Secretary pro tern. The Committee on Grading Rules was called for, but they were not yet ^ ready to make the report at this time. The report of the Committee on in'- corporation was called for at this time and made the following report: We recommend that the Secretary be in- structed to inquire whether the Asso- ciation's incorporation made some 20 years ago in Illinois is yet valid. In case there is any doubt about it we recommend that the Secretary take ILLINOIS STATE BEE-KEEPERS' ASSOCIATION 163 steps to incorporate, providing the ex- pense does not exceed $50.00. Moved' by J. J. Anderson, delegate, of Idiaho Honey Producers' Association, that the report be adopted. Seconded and carried. The question of life membership came up at this time, and recommen- dation was made that the Directors prepare for life membership in the Na- tional Bee-Keepers' Association. Report of the Auditing Coimmittee was called for and made the following report: First, the books so far as we can discover are correct; second, the Treasurer has not presented vouchers as his authority for disbursements made, and third, no report has been made of accounts due for advertising, etc. Moved by J. J. Anderson, delegate, of Idaho Honej- Producers' Associa- tion, that the report be adopted. Sec- onded and carried. Motion made by P. C. Crane, dele- gate, of "Vermont Branch, that the Sec- retary be instructed to have the books audited by a public accountant and re- port published in the Review each year previous to the Convention. Seconded and carried. Report of the Committee on Grading Rules was called for. Dr. E. F. Phillips was called upon to act as Chairman of the meeting during the discussion. Chairman of the Committee, Mr. De- muth, made the report of the Commit- tee, giving the rules exactly as printed at the head of the honey columns in the Review. Mr. Fred Muth made a separate re- port for the dealers, ridiculing the rules proposed by the Committee of Pro- 1 ducers, stating that they w^ere not in- terpretable and presented his idea of two grades to be known as Fancy and No. 1. Mr. Muth's report follows: "The time is now when the National Bee-Keepers' Association should adopt standard grading rules for €omb honey. In order to accomplish this, besides having a standard section and a stand- ard shipping case, we must also have standard grades of honey, and recom- mend two grades as follows: FANCY — Sections to be well filled; combs firmly attached to the four sides of the sections and not projecting be- yond the wood. Entirely capped in- cluding the outside row next to the Wood. Honey water white, and the combs and cappings white. Wood to be well cleaned, using the No. 1 sections, and no sections in this grade to weigh less than 14 ounces or more than 16 ounces. No. 1— Sections to be well filled; combs firmly attached to the four sid^ of the sections and not projecting be- yond the wood; entirely capped except the outside row next to the wood. Honey, combs and cappings white and maj-be slightly am,ber, but not dark. Wood to be well cleaned and no section in this grade to weigh lesis than 13 ounces. The above grades will give the bee- keeper the opportunity to elevate the sale of comb honey, and the buying public a square deal." In the discussion which followed, Mr. Demuth stated that the dealers' two grades would run out 90' per cent of eastern comb honey. Mr. Muth re- sponded by saying that these grades would secure big prices. Mr. Foster stated that Colorado pro- ducers were tending toward grades suggested by the Producers' Committee, suggests the word "Standard" instead of "No. 2," as the latter conveys the impression of inferiority; suggests the following three words, "Fancy, No. 1, and Standard." Considerable discus- sion at this point, followed by a mo- tion from J. J. Anderson, delegate, of Idaho Honey Producers' Association, that the rules presented by the pro- ducers be adopted. Motion seconded. Discussion followed by Muth, Ander- son, and Dahzenbaker. Mr. Foster of- fers an amendment to the motion sub- stituting the word "Standard" for the words "No. 2." The amendment was not seconded. The original motion called for a roll call and carried. The report of the Committee on Membership and Subscription. called at this time. Dr. Surface, Chairman, made the following report for the Committee. "There shall 'be no membership fee in the National Association, excepting ' that required! by the local AfRliated As- sociation, which fee shall remain in the treasury of the latter. The subscription to the official organ, the Bee-Keepers' Review, shall be $1.00 per annum, which shall be sent to the Secretary of the National Association." Moved by Dr. J. S. Ward, delegate, of Tennessee Branch, that the report of 164 TWELFTH ANNUAL. REPORT OF THE the Conraiittee be accepted. Seconded and carried. Moved by E. D. Townsend, delegate, of Michigan Branch, that the Commit- tee's report recommending the above change in the Constitution be adopted. Seconded and carried unanimously. The Committee made a further rec- ommendation, as follows: "Resolved, That we recommend to the Association the appointment by the Managing Editor of assistant editors to pass on contribu- tions in the following Departments: Bee Breeding, Beginners' Department, Comb Honey Production, Extracted Honey Production, Association busi- ness, Crop Reports and Prices, Inspec- tion Service, Affiliated Assiociations, Scientific Contributions, Announce- ments and Reports of meetings." A discussion on this was indulged in by Dr. Phillips, C. P. Dadant, and Wes- ley Foster. Moved by C. P. Dadant, delegate, of Illinois Branch, that the Association give a vote of thanks for Mr. Muth for his efforts in making this meeting a success. Seconded and carried. Report of the Committee on Resolu- tions was called for and was made by Chairman Weber, as follows: That the thanks of this Association be extended to the Cincinnati Chamber of Commerce for the interest they have shown us, also a vote of thanks for the trolley ride, which they gave us. To extend our thanks to the hotel people, who so kindly arranged to the best of their ability. Resolved, That this Association deep- ly sympathizes with the family of R. L. Taylor, in their bereavement of sorrow, and be it further resolved that a copy of this resolution be spread upon the minutes, and that a^copy be sent to the bereaved family. Whereas, Eternal vigilance seems necessary to prevent exorbitant freight rates on honey, therefore be it Resolved, That we urge Congress and the Inter-state Commerce CommissioQ to protect the bee-keepers, by prevent- ing any unnecessary advance in freight rates on honey, and be it further Resolved, That the President and Secretary be appointed to look after these interests of the bee-keepers, in all matters pertaining to freight rates. C. H. W. WEBHR, S. W. SNYDER, E. D. TOWNSEND. Moved by C. P. Dadant, delegate, of Illinois Branch, that the report of the Committee be accepted, and acted upon. Seconded and carried unani- mously. Moved by C. P. Dadant, delegate, of Illinois Branch, that the Executive Board select a place and time of meet- ing for the discussion of bee topics once a year under the auspices of the National Association. Seconded and carried. Report of the Committee on Policy and Extension was called for and was made by Chairman J. J. Anderson, as follows : "We believe that it should be the policy and purpose of this organization to seek to accomplish the utmost good possible for all its members, to broad- en its scope and extend its usefulness in every legitimate way; that there should be no north, south, east or west, but a harmonious working together for the good of the whole; that with a pro- per and effective system of manage- ment, this organization may and should thoroughly post itself both as to market conditions and crop product, and, by proper utilization of this knowledge at once, avoid the glutting of any market and secure for its members a fair and remunerative price for their product. We feel that a legitimate field for the operation of the National Bee -Keepers' Association, and one giving promise of most fruitful results, is the matter of advertising honey, and educating the public to its more general use; the means of accomplishing this are many. Among them we suggest the issuing of leaflets for distribution by producers and distributed among consumers; pub- lishing whenever possible in newspa- pers of local as well as general circula- tion articles, setting forth the great value and virtues of honey as a food, large dispilay signs or placards, adver- tisements in local papers, inviting members and others to write brief, pithy articles of a few sentences, the best to be selected and used, etc., etc. That some person or body representing the Association should be constantly giving attention to the matter of ad- vertising and educating the public. Another field in which the Associa- tion may be of vast service to its mem- bers is the purchase of supplies. We believe that since in union there is strength, and in numbers entihu- ILLINOIS STATE BEE-KEEPERS' ASSOCIATION 165 siasm, it should be the policy of this organization to increase its membership to the fullest possible extent, never slackening its efforts nor feeling that its work is done in this direction so long as there are bee-keepers in our land who are not members. That to this end and also as a means of education the publishing of an offi- cial paper is a most potent force, and that every member of the Association should do his utmost to increase the circulation of the official organ of the Association. "We believe to the end that the con- sumption of honey to be what it de- serves from its high value as a pure food product, as well as its medicinal qualities, the aim of the Association should be to place the same in the hands of the consumer at as low a price as possible, and at the same time give the producer a fair and remunera- tive return for his labor and invest- ment. We recommend that the incoming Board of Directors be instructed to formulate if possible some plan pro- viding for life memibership in the N. B, K. A., to be submitted to the next an- nual meeting. We further recommend that the Board of Directors consider the advis- ability and feasibility of having at fu- ture conventions a stenographer to record the discussions and the papers that may be read, the same to be pub- lished in the columns o€ the official organ." Moved by Wesley Foster, delegate, of Colorado, that the report be accepted. Seconded and carried. Moved that the matter of standardiz- ing of color for grading be referred to the Bureau of Entomology for action. Seconded and carried. Mr. J. J. Anderson, at this point, spoke in favor of having honey sold in cans at gross weight, weighing in the can in order that the bee-keeper should be able to receive pay for the package. The Nationa,! laws would not permit this being done without stating spe- cificially the exact amount of honey the package contained. The election of officers was now taken up. Nominations for President were made, when the following were nominated: Dr. B. N. Gates, N. E. France, Dr. H. A. Surface and C. P. Dadant. No one having received the majority of all the votes cast, the ballot was again spread, when Dr. Gates received 15; Dr. Surface, 11. Moved by J. J. Anderson, delegate, of the Idaho Honey Producers' Associa- tion, that the election of Dr. Gates be 'made unanimous. Seconded and car- ried. Nominations for Vice-President w^ere made, when Dr. H. A. Surface was nominated. Moved by Wesley Foster, delegate, of Colorado Branch, that the rules be sus- pended, and the Secretary be instruct- ed to cast the unanimous vote for Dr. Surface, for Vice-President. Seconded and carried. The Secretary cast the vote and the election of Dr. Surface was declared. Nominations for Secretary called for, when E. B. Tyrrell was nominated. Moved by C. P. Dadant, delegate, of Illinois Branch, that the President cast the unanimous ballot of the convention for Mr. Tyrrell as Secretary. Seconded and carried. The President cast the ballot, and Mr. Tyrrell was declared elected. Nominations for Treasurer were made, when C. P. Dadant, of Illinois, was nominated. Moved by P. C. Crane, delegate, of Vermont Branch, that the Secretary ibe instructed to cast a unanimous ballot at the convention for Mr. Dadant, as Treasurer. Seconded and carried. The Secretary cast the ballot, and Mr. Da- dant was declared elected. Nominations for Directors for two years were made with the following nominations: Prof. Wilmon Newell, of Texas; Wesley Foster, of Colorado; E. D. Townsend, of Michigan; J. M. Buchanan, of Tennessee; -E. J. Baxter, of Illinois ; Morley Petit, of Ontario^ The result of the ballot showed those elected were Wesley Foster, E. D. Townsend and Prof. Wilmon Newell, as delegates for two years. Nominations for Directors for one year; F. B. Cavanagh, of Indiana; Morley Pettit, of Ontario; A. C. Allen, of Wisconsin; J, M. Buchanan, of Ten- nessee. The ballot showed the election of F. B. Ca,vanagh and J. M. Buchanan as ■directors for one year. The following resolution was made at this time: "Resolved, That the Na- 166 TWELFTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE tional Bee-Keepers' Association extend to Mr. N. E. France, of Wisconsin, their appreciation of his valued services in •behalf of this organization and the ifoee- keepers at large, and at this time wish to extend to him their heartfelt sym- pathy in his present affliction. It be- ing further resolved that a copy of this resolution be spread upon the records of this Association, and the Secretary be instructed to forward a copy to Mr. FVance. Motion seconded and car- ried." It Was reported at the convention Mr. France's mother was dangerously ill at that time, and that is what is referred to in the above motion. N. IE. FRANCE, TREASURER AND GENERAL MANAGER. Platteville, Wis., Aug. 12, 1912. Mr. E. B. Tyrrell, Detroit, Mich. Sir: — Your favor just received, and I will say in brief the League Fund never was a part of the Treasury of the Na- tional Bee-Keepers' Association. December 20, 1905, Chicago, the League Fund was transferred to a com- mittee of three with strict instructions what it was raised for and by whom and "With certain condtions said com- ■mittee was to accept it and use it. Pages 148-149 of 1905 report, also page 151, Dr. Miller in charge of the League Fund said: "That the money was handed to us for the express purpose which I mentioned to you. To be used for advertising. If you won't take this gift on our terms, we won't give it." President York then put it to vote of the members attending the meeting. Rising vote declared carried unani- mously. In short time the League Fund was placed in the Special Com- mittee hands and as Chairman of said committee was placed under $1,000 bonds to safely handle the same. I never was allowed to keep it as a part of Treasury of the N. B. K. A., and never so reported it in annual reports. Several times when the N. B. K. A. Treasury was without funds, I have loaned the needed amount without in- terest until same could be spared, but never have I allowed the League Fund to be drawn on only for purposes as instructed. Said committee have no right to loan the funds, and as soon as Mr. Taylor is able to attend to business, we will look after using the balance still in the committee's hands. Said committee was appointed by President York, General Manager France, Sec- retary Hutchinson and Chairman of Directors Taylor. Now, Mr. Tyrrell, I am doing my duty with the League Fund, and T hope you and Directors of the new N. B. K. A. do not think I do not want to help the new Treasury or to see it doing much more for its members than the old association did in its handi- capped condition. N. E. FRANCE. ILLINOIS STATE BEE-KEEPERS' ASSOCIATION 167 LIST OF MEMBERS I OF THE Illinois State Bee-Keepers' Association FOR 1913, and Statistical Report for 1912. (Where no State is given "Illinois" is understood.) NAME AND ADDRESS. •American Can Co. — Monroe Bldg., Chicago, 111... Anderson, Jas. L. — Harvard, 111 Anthony, A. B.— Sterling, 111 Arnold, F. X. — Deer Plain, 111 Augenstein, A. A. — R. 1, Dakota, III Bamberger, John — Freeport, 111 Barr, C. W.— Gardner, 111 Baxter, E. J. — Nauvoo, 111 200 Becker, Chas. — Pleasant Plains, 111 Beeler, David S. — R. 5, Springfield, 111 Beeler, J. M.— R. 1, Springfield, 111 Beneck, Rev. W. F. — Dieterick, 111 20 Benson, August — R. 2, Prophetstowrf, 111 18 Bercaw, Geo. W. — Glendale, Cal 500 Bishop, Frank — Virden, 111 44 Bolt, R.— R. 3, Fulton, 111 35 Boomer, E. H. — Rockf ord. 111 Boyd, C. J. — Anna, 111 35 Bowen, J. "W. — Jacksonville, 111 Brelsfoard, W. H. — Kenney, 111 12 Brown, A. F. — Box 197, Augusta, Ga Brown, Mrs'. E. "W. — Box 17, Willow Springs, 111.. 100 BTunner, E. H. — 3836 N. 44th Ave., Chicago, 111 Bryant, E. J.— 676 Walnut Ave., Elgin, 111 3 Burtis, Eugene — Grover, Pa Canterbury, Albert — Seneca, 111 Carrico, John G. — Barnett, 111 18 Cavanagh, F. B. — Hebron, Ind Coppin, Aaron — ^Wenona, 111 Clark, Frank— Ridott, 111 Craven, Thos. — Seneca, 111 26 Crotzer, A. S. — Lena, 111 34 Dadant, C. P. — Hamilton, 111 Dadant, H. C. — Hamilton, 111 .... Dadant, L. C — Hamilton, 111 Dailey, Wm. E. — R. 3, Woodstock, 111 32 Davenport. Wm. C. — 6129 Pauline St., Chicago, III X p a i-i ?l ». o 3 3 •-1 ^ 3 i^ 3* P3 ^ ~^ KJtO S"?" ^ o ^3 too ■ 3 . fB : a ■ O ^5 '■ " . 3 ■-. . . — — 90 3350 1100 .... 254 7000 •7000 Yes 300 30 2400 1400 800 100 700 300 50 1025 2500 r500 130 600 3000 75 1200 No Yes No Yes No No Yes Yes No No 168 TWELFTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE NAME AND ADDRESS. s o 9% — 2 33 »? 3^ §§ c o 2 s§ '"'» r= "^ r*o r-a '-. V .y< ■ 3 ■ o 9i . 3 SK ; ■< ■4 • Deem, B. L. — Colona, 111 10 Diebold, A. J. — Seneca, III .... Donges, G. F. — Durand, 111 Duby, H. S.— R. 4, St. Anne, III Duff, Peter N.— 1749 W. 58th St., Chicago, 111 Einhaus, John — Seneca, 111 . . . •. Emmons, A. I. — Greenfield, 111 24 .... Fairbanks, C. A. — Anamosa, Iowa 117 7500 Ferguson, L. R. — 14720 Columbia Ave., Harvey, 111 Finch, C. "W. — 1451 Ogden Ave., Chicago, 111 Finger, C. A. — Marissa, 111 23 200 Finkenbinder, D. A. — Stockton, 111 .... Fischer, Henry F. — Bensenville, 111 16 Fosse, E. P. — Marion, III 60 .350 Frank, J. C. — Davis, 111 Frank, John C. — Dodge City, Kans .... Freundt, Louisi J. — Monroe Bldg., Chicago, 111 .... Funk, H. W.— Normal, 111 SO 4000 Glessner, Mrs. J. J. — ISOO Prairie Ave., Chicago, 111 .... Grabbe, F. — LibertyviUe, 111 Gray, W. H.— Chillicothe, 111 100 350O Greer, J. R. — Shumway, 111 20 Gulliford, G. L.— Bloomington, 111 16 300 Hall, E. L. — St. Joseph, Mich Handel, Chas. D. — Savana, 111 .... Hansel, Chas;— Minooka, 111 20 400 Hansel, Will— Box 14, Minooka, 111 24 480 Hastings, Chas. — 1625 N. Union St., Decatur, 111 Haupt, Mrs. — 12345 Walles St., W. Pullman, 111 Hawkins, Kennith, 18 N. Lake St., Aurora, 111 .... Heinzel, Albert O. — Lincoln, 111 .... Beise, Paul — Lock Box 444, Warsaw, 111 11 300 Hartel, Mrs. J. — Marine, 111 75 900 Heslop, Edward — R. 8, Springfield, 111 .... Hill, H. D— Lima, 111 50 Hill, Samuel H.— Elizabeth 111 Hinderer, Frank — Frederick, 111 52 3200 Hitt, Samuel H.— Elizabeth, 111 68 1120. Hobson, Fred'k — 6840 Lincoln St., Chicago, 111... 49 400 Hohner, Peter — ^R. 1, Henry, 111 .... Homan, W. A.— 703 N. 12th St., Quincy, 111 45 2500 Huffman, Jacob — Monroe, Wis .... Hutt, Joseph G.— 1710 S. Wash. St., Peoria, 111... 40 2500 Hyde, Geo. S.— New Canton, III 300 17500 . Hyde, W. H.— New Canton, 111 190 12000 Jansen, Wm. F. — R. 8, Quincy, 111 Johnson, M. D. — ^Webster, Iowa .... Josephson, Mrs. Aug. — Box 121, Granville, 111 Kannenberg, C. F. — 416 Marion St., Oak Park, 111 ' Kendall, J. S.— Chemung, 111 28 1500 Kennedy, B. — Cherry Valley, 111 | ." Kennedy, Miss L. C— R. 11, Curran, 111 39' 1690' 300 1100 500 600 425 1000 4000 2500 100 107 Yes Yes 2000 Yes Yes 300 Yes 3910 .... 3240 • • . • 150 2000 1000 300 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes ILiJNOIS STATE BEE-KEEPERS' ASSOCIATION 169 NAME AND ADDRESS. 2.^ 1^ (t) Q H fe* — 2 H-.X S3 3C- 3H H'^ »w «o3- O "^ f hM '-'(I S CD NO r 3 J^p. J5w :^ i^- §£ : s §!? : *^ 1100 800 195 1500 200' 200 2200 1500 4000 Kerley, Josiah — Anna Hospital, Southern, 111. . . Kildow, A. L. — Putnam, III King, Harry L. — R. 10, Springfield, 111 Kluck, N. A.— Lena, 111 Kjieser, John — Barrington, III Kuczynski, John F. — Box 114, Oglesby, 111 6 300 Lampman, C. W. — Rockton, 111 Lange, J. W.— Thawville, 111 51 600 300 Laxton, J. G. — Lyndon, 111 125 8000 Lebkuchner, H. R. — 1728 Summerdale Ave., Ravenswood Sta., Chicago, 111 4 .... 280 Lee, Arthur — ^Rockton, 111 Lee, H. W. — Pecatonica, 111 Legat, Sylvester — R. 1, Spring Valley, 111 Lind, M. H.— Baders, 111 100 Lovell, W. C. — Sycamore, 111 IT Ludwig, H. M. — Collinsville, 111 Lyman, W. C. — Downers Grove, 111 54 Magee, Geo. F. — Cairo, 111 25 Marshall, Wm. — Carpentersville, 111 16 Martin, M. M. — Caledonia, 111 May, Fred H. — P. O. Box 34, Meredosia, 111 65i McBarnes, W. H. — Rockf ord. 111 McCartney, Geo. R. — Rockford, 111 Miller, Dr. C. C. — Marengo, 111 Moore, W. B.— Altona, 111 Mottaz, A.— Utica, 111 Mundorff, C. H.— Kirkwood, 111 Nelson, Niles A. — Dike, Iowa Ness, L. L. — R, 2, Morris, 111 Norberg, Peter J. — Spring Valley, 111 , Null, Wm. D. — Dermopolis, Ala Oakes, Lannes P. — Joppa, 111 50 Offner, Fred — Monee, 111 Offner, Fred — R. 4, Peotone, HI Olson, John — Davis, 111 ' 64 800 3000 Opfer, A, H. — 6259 Patterson Ave., Chicago, 111 Pippenger, M. A. — Lincoln, III .... .... Poindexter, Jas. — R. 5, Bloomington, 111 Pyles, I. E. — Putnam, 111 Raftery, J. F. — Hadley Sta., Chicago, 111 40 100 1000 Rauschenberg, Wm. — 5812 Laurence Ave., Jeffer- son Sta., Chicago, 111 18 1000 Reynolds, Alva — Altona, HI Reynolds, W. G. — 1956 Ogden Ave., Chicago, 111. Robbins, Dan'l E. — Payson, 111 43 200 1800 Roberts, Jesse H. — ^Watseka, 111 25 200 Roberts, Thos. D. — Herscher, 111 14 500 Rogers, H. D. — ^Lewistown, 111 Ross, R. B., Jr. — 317 Metcalf Ave., Westmount, Quebec, Can .... Russo, Gottleib — 3029 N. Leavitt, Chicago, 111 93 5000 150 Yes 76 1000 6000 Yes 40 • • • ■ ■ • • • No 76 530 530 Yes 150 7000 500 Yes 165 20O 1200 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 170 TWELFTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE NAME AND ADDRESS. r-( y "rl M H-i M ?l 3 2" ^'tr 5^H 5;^ 5s ai5 .-S- ^a -i'< ! M : a og : o . 3 • (t> ; o . B O H- : '< : "< Sanford, E. J. — R. 1, Loogootee, 111 Sauer, Geo. L.— Polo, 111 Schackman Bros. — Newton, 111 Schmertman, Louis — R. 1, Freeport, 111 23 Schroll, Julius — 4922 Medill Ave., Chicago, 111 Seastream.Geo. — Box 142, Pawnee, 111