Amphibian and Reptile Inventory on the
Headwaters and Dillon Resource Areas

in conjunction withi
Red Rock Lakes National Wildlife Refuge

Final Report to:

Bureau of Land Management

and
US Fish and Wildlife Service

1422E930A960015 No. 8

Submitted by:

Michael D. Roedel And Paul Hendricks

December 1998

Montana Natural Heritage Program
151 5 East Sixth Avenue
Helena, MT 59620-1800

© 1998 Montana Natural Heritage Program

This document sliould be cited as follows:

Roedel, M. D. and D. P. Hendricks. 1998. Amphibian and Reptile Inventory on the Headwaters and
Dillon Resource Areas in conjunction with Red Rock Lakes National Wildlife Refuge: 1996 - 1998.
Montana Natural Heritage Program. Helena. 68 pp.

ABSTRACT

A total of 81 site surveys were made from 1996 through 1998 on lands administered by
the Bureau of Land Management and by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service in south-
western Montana. Localized areas across the entire region were covered in the
surveys. Included during the inventories were the BLM Headwaters and Dillon
Resource Areas and the Red Rocks National Wildlife Refuge. The majority of the
surveys of ponds, lakes, seeps, streams or other wetlands were conducted by one
individual. Each survey took from 20 to 1 20 person-minutes and consisted of a
thorough search of the wetland perimeter and netting of near shore aquatic habitats for
adults, eggs, larvae, and tadpoles. Stream sampling was done by hand and dipnet. At
seeps, rocks and logs were overturned in and near wet areas to expose hidden
specimens. An additional 49 surveys were completed by Natural Heritage biologists
and others within the Resource Areas during 1994 and 1995. The data collected during
those surveys has also been included in this report. In addition to surveys, observations
of road kills were recorded, as were identified calls and fortuitous sightings by those
conducting the surveys or other reliable individuals.

Historical records and earlier surveys indicate the presence of nine species of
amphibians and eleven species of reptiles within the survey area. During the period of
1994 through 1998, eight species of amphibians and seven species of reptiles were
detected within the boundaries of the Headwaters and Dillon resource areas. Four
species of amphibians and three species of reptiles were detected during site surveys in
1996 and 1998. A single Bullfrog {Rana catesbeiana), an introduced species, was
detected during the same period.

Species detected during the site surveys in 1996 and 1998 included: Spotted Frog
{Rana luteiventris), Tiger Salamander {Ambystoma tigrinum), Western Chorus Frog
{Pseudacris triseriata), Western Toad {Bufo boreas), Painted Turtle {Chrysemys picta),
Western Rattlesnake {Crotalus viridis), and Western Terrestrial Garter Snake
{Thamnophis elegans). Columbia spotted frog was the most widespread amphibian
throughout the area. Western Terrestrial Garter Snake was the most widespread reptile
in the area.

Ill

TABLE OF CONTENTS

ABSTRACT iii

TABLE OF CONTENTS iv

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS v

INTRODUCTION 1

METHODS AND MATERIALS 2

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 3

Table 1. Amphibian site records 5

Table 2. Reptile site records 5

Species present on the Headwater and Dillon resource areas: 6

Long-toed Salamander 6

Tiger Salamander 7

Tailed Frog 8

Western Toad 9

Woodhouse's Toad 10

Western Chorus Frog 11

Plains Spadefoot 12

Bullfrog 13

Northern Leopard Frog 14

Columbia Spotted Frog 15

Short-horned Lizard 16

Sagebrush Lizard 17

Painted Turtle 18

Spiny Softshell 19

Rubber Boa 20

Racer 21

Milk Snake 22

Gopher Snake Or Bullsnake 23

Western Rattlesnake 24

Common Garter Snake 25

Western Terrestrial Garter Snake 26

RECOMMENDATIONS 27

BIBLIOGRAPHY 28

APPENDIX 1. Amphibians and reptile survey sites 1994 - 1995 36

APPENDIX 2. Amphibians and reptile survey sites 1996 - 1998 42

APPENDIX 3. Mapped locations of amphibian and reptile observations 46

IV

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

We thank K. Werner and B. Maxell for conducting site surveys, M. Miller for data entry,
J. Hinshaw for data retrieval, and C. Jones for mapping occurrences.

Financial support for the project came from the Bureau of Land Management, U.S. Fish
and Wildlife Service, and the Montana Natural Heritage Program (Montana State
Library, Natural Resources Information System, and The Nature Conservancy). Thanks
to Sally Sovey and Jim Roscoe (BLM) and to Danny Gomez (USFWS) for their interest,
encouragement, and support with this project.

Museum records were received from: American Museum of Natural History, Academy of
Natural Science, Brigham Young University, California Academy of Science, Carnegie
Museum, University of Puget Sound Museum, Field Museum of Natural History, Glacier
National Park Museum, Illinois Natural History Survey, University of Kansas, Los
Angeles County Museum, Louisiana State University Museum of Zoology, Museum of
Comparative Zoology - Harvard, Milwaukee Public Museum, Montana State University
Museum, Michigan State University Museum, North Carolina State Museum of Natural
History, Northern Louisiana University Museum, University of Colorado Museum,
University of Georgia Museum of Natural History, University of Idaho Museum,
University of Michigan Museum, University of South Dakota, United States National
Museum of Natural History, University of Texas - Arlington, University of Texas - El
Paso, and Peabody Museum - Yale. Most museum data were received with the help of
Dr. Charles Peterson, Idaho State University, Pocatello.

Jim Reichel, MTNHP Zoologist, died prior to the completion of this project. Jim was
instrumental in organizing this project and conducting a series of amphibian and reptile
surveys across Montana, the first comprehensive inventory in three decades. This
report represents one of a series of projects that contribute to a baseline inventory of
the entire state.

INTRODUCTION

Many amphibians are apparently declining in the western U.S. and worldwide. Acid
rain, ozone depletion, pollution by toxic chemicals and heavy metals, predation and/or
competition by exotic species, habitat alteration, climatic changes, disease, immune
system problems, and combinations of several of these factors have all been suggested
as possible causes (Corn and Fogelman 1984, Phillips 1990, Yoffe 1992).

Preliminary data indicate that the Northern Leopard Frog {Rana pipiens) has
disappeared over much of its former range in western Montana and is declining in at
least some areas of eastern Montana. Status and population trends of several toad
species {Bufo spp.) are unknown, although declines of the Western {Bufo boreas) have
recently been reported in northern Idaho (C. Peterson pers. comm.), northwestern
Montana (Werner and Reichel 1994), Yellowstone National Park (Koch and Peterson
1995) and Colorado (Carey 1993). The Western or Boreal Toad is likely to be
reclassified in the near future as Sensitive by Region I of the U.S. Forest Service (B.
Maxell, pers. comm.). Land-use practices, such as large-scale logging, continue to be
detrimental to resident herpetofauna in some regions of the western U.S. (Bury et al.
1 991 ), while the impacts of grazing on amphibians and reptiles and their habitats remain
poorly studied and understood. Heavy grazing in and around breeding waters may also
negatively impact amphibians and reptiles living in riparian and wetland sites by 1)
eliminating emergent vegetation necessary for egg and larval survival, 2) lowering water
quality, especially causing high siltation levels, 3) soil compaction and trampling of turtle
eggs, and 4) trampling of other eggs, larvae and adults. Additionally, "improving" seeps
and springs for livestock watering may make them unavailable to breeding amphibians.

The Montana Natural Heritage Program currently (1998) lists five amphibian and five
reptile species as Animal Species of Special Concern. Of these, one amphibian:
Northern Leopard Frog {Rana pipiens), and two reptiles: Spiny Softshell (Trionyx
spiniferus), and Milk Snake (Lampropeltis triangulum) are reported to occur in the area.

METHODS AND MATERIALS

The Headwaters and Dillon Resource Areas and the Red Rock Lakes National Wildlife
Refuge in southwestern Montana were surveyed during the 1996 - 1998 inventory.

Historical locations of amphibians and reptiles were recorded from literature (see
Bibliography) and museum specimen records. Records were received from over 20
major museums which have computerized their collections in North America (see
Acknowledgments). Records were also included from 1995 herp surveys conducted by
students of San Francisco State College, in the Birch Creek drainage of the Beaverhead
National Forest (Miller et al. 1995). Locations derived from these sources have been
entered into a database and digitized. Distribution maps were created using survey and
sighting data and historical records, including museum specimens.

Survey sites were chosen based on 3 criteria: 1 ) high priority sites as determined by the
BLM and USFWS; 2) location of streams, seeps and wetlands on topographic maps;
and 3) accessibility of the wetlands by roads. Based on the above, between three and
eight sites per observer were chosen daily for surveys. From 20 to 1 20 minutes was
spent at each site, depending upon the size of the area and what was found. Initially,
the entire shoreline, or a major part thereof, was searched by walking slowly along the
edge and up into the surrounding vegetation, including rolling over rocks and logs. At
regular intervals, the aquatic habitat was sampled for tadpoles or larvae using dipnets.
If the initial sampling showed amphibian/reptile species present, further effort was
expended in order to get a more comprehensive view of abundance and distribution.

An attempt was made to capture at least the first few individuals of a species seen at a
survey site. The species name was recorded along with developmental stage and sex
(if possible); the animals were then released. On occasion, representative samples of
the more common species in an area were preserved for permanent museum records
and will be deposited at the Idaho State University Museum. Water temperature, air
temperature, and a general description of the area were recorded. Standard data
sheets were used during this project; the amphibian survey data sheet was developed
by U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and is used extensively by a variety of researchers in
the western U.S. Much site-specific data was gathered during these surveys; not all
data has been analyzed or is presented in this report, but is available from the Montana
Natural Heritage Program.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

We surveyed 81 sites from April to September in 1 996 and in 1 998. Of tliose sites, 50
(62%) liad one or more ampliibian or reptile species present (Appendix 1). An
additional 49 sites were surveyed during May of 1994 and May, July, August, and
September in 1995. Twenty-nine of those sites (59%) had one or more amphibian or
reptile species present (Appendix 2). Localized areas across the entire region were
covered in the inventory (See Map 1 , Appendix 3). Although no species were detected
at 39% of all sites surveyed, their absence may have been due to the time of day,
weather conditions, or other factors at the time of sampling.

During the 1996 and 1998 site surveys on BLM and USFWS administered lands, four
amphibian species and three reptile species were detected (Table 1 , Table 2). Those
species included: Tiger Salamander {Ambystoma tigrinum) at 2 sites. Western Toad
{Bufo boreas) at 7 sites. Western Chorus Frog {Pseudacris triseriata) at 5 sites,
Columbia Spotted Frog {Rana luteiventris) at 32 sites. Painted Turtle {Chrysemys picta)
at 1 site. Western Rattlesnake {Crotalus viridis) at 2 sites, and Western Terrestrial
Garter Snake {Thamnophis elegans) at 17 sites.

Of the ten species of amphibians presently listed for the area, eight were observed
between 1994 and 1998. Those species include: Long-toed Salamander {Ambystoma
macrodactylum) (20 records). Tiger Salamander (3 records). Tailed Frog {Ascaphus
truei) (28 records). Western Toad (37 records). Western Chorus Frog (37 records).
Bullfrog (1 record). Northern Leopard Frog (7 records), and Columbia Spotted Frog (152
records).

Columbia Spotted frog was the most widespread and numerous amphibian throughout
the combined districts. Bullfrog {Rana catesbeiana) was reported from only one
location in Lewis and Clark County in July 1996. The Bullfrog is not a native species in
Montana and is not known to have successfully reproduced in this area.

Two species of amphibians with historical records from the area were not detected in
the area during the 1 994 - 1 998 period. Those species include Woodhouse's Toad
{Bufo woodhousii) and Plains Spadefoot {Spea bombifrons), each with only three
historical records. The records for Woodhouse's Toad were in 1948 and 1966.
However, the two 1966 Gallatin County specimens have been properly identified as

Western Toad, while the 1948 specimen is still in question. The Plains Spadefoot was
collected in 1917 in Park County, 1950 in Gallatin County, and in 1988 in Lewis and
Clark County. The identity of those specimens has been confirmed.

There are currently eleven species of reptiles known from the area. Of those, seven
were observed in the area between 1994 and 1998. Those species include: Painted
Turtle {Chrysemys picta) at 10 sites. Rubber Boa {Charina bottae) at 5 sites. Racer
{Coluber constrictor) at 3 sites. Gopher Snake Or Bullsnake {Pituophis catenifer) at 1 1
sites. Western Rattlesnake {Crotalus viridis) at 17 sites. Common Garter Snake
{Thamnophis sirtalis) at 8 sites, and Western Terrestrial Garter Snake {Thamnophis
elegans) at 75 sites.

Four of the eleven species of reptiles have historical records for the area, but were not
detected during the surveys. Those species include Short-horned Lizard {Phrynosoma
hernandesi) and Sagebrush Lizard {Sceloporus graciosus), each with three historical
records, and Spiny Softshell {Trionyx spiniferus) and Milk Snake {Lampropeltis
triangulum), each with only a single historical record. Short-horned Lizard has two
records from Gallatin County dating from 1903 and 1953 and one undated record from
Beaverhead County. Sagebrush Lizard has been reported three times for the area, in
1 897, 1 951 , and 1 968. All records are from along the Yellowstone River near Gardiner.
There is one record for Spiny Softshell at Canyon Ferry in Broadwater County.
However, there is no date assigned to that record and a search of museums has not
located the specimen. Milk Snake has one occurrence listed from 1949, near Three
Forks in Gallatin County.

Table 1 . Amphibian site records from the Headwaters and Dillon resource areas in Montana NHP databases.

pecres Name

Long-toed Salamander

(Ambystoma macrodactylum)

20

31

Tiger Salamander

(Ambystoma tigrinum)

21

Tailed Frog

(Ascaphus truei)

28

46

Western Toad

(Bufo boreas)

37

65

Woodhouse's Toad

(Bufo woodhousii)

Western Chorus Frog

(Pseudacris triseriata)

37

40

Plains Spadefoot

(Spea bombifrons)

Bullfrog

(Rana catesbeiana)

Northern Leopard Frog

(Rana pipiens)

21

Columbia Spotted Frog

(Rana luteiventris)

152

32

222

Total records

10 Species

285

46

453

Table 2. Reptile site records from the Headwaters and Dillon resource areas in Montana NHP databases

Short-horned Lizard

(Phrynosoma hernandesi)

Sagebrush Lizard

(Sceloporus graciosus)

Painted Turtle

(Chrysemys picta)

10

14

Spiny Softshell

(Trionyx spiniferus)

Rubber Boa

(Charina bottae)

32

Racer

(Coluber constrictor)

13

Milk Snake

(Lampropeltis triangulum)

Gopher Snake Or Bullsnake

(Pituophis eaten iter)

11

22

Western Rattlesnake

(Cro talus viridis)

17

39

Common Garter Snake

(Thamnophis sirtalis)

8

21

Western Terrestrial Garter Snake

(Thamnophis elegans)

75

17

121

Total records

11 Species

129

20

270

Species present on the Headwater and Dillon resource areas:

Long-toed Salamander {Ambystoma macrodactylum) AAAAA01080

Description: Adults are darl< gray to blacl< witli an irregular (and sometimes broken)
green to yellow stripe down the middle of the back. Adult snout-vent length
varies from 2 to 3.25". All salamanders have smooth moist skin without scales.

Eggs and Larvae: Egg masses are typically laid in small clusters of 5-1 00 eggs but may
be laid singly (Nussbaum et al. 1983); egg masses are typically attached to
underwater vegetation or submerged branches. Within the clear gelatinous
eggs, the embryos are somewhat light-colored, while frog and toad embryos are
dark (except in Tailed Frogs). Larval Long-toed Salamanders are typically
brown- or gray-colored, are found in ponds, have three external gills, and are
relatively small (<1.75" snout-vent) and slender. They are distinguished from
Tiger Salamander larvae by the 9-13 gill rakers on the inside of the 3rd gill arch
(17-22 rakers on the Tiger Salamander); they are also smaller and lack the large
head and mouth.

Similar species: Adult Long-toed Salamanders can be distinguished from Coeur d'Alene
Salamanders by the longest toe on the hind foot which is longer than the sole
and a yellow throat patch. Long-toed Salamanders lack a groove running
vertically from nostril to mouth.

Habitat and Habits: Long-toed Salamanders are found in a variety of habitats from
sagebrush to nearly alpine. They breed in ponds or lakes (very rarely in slow
moving streams), usually those without fish present. Adults go to the breeding
ponds immediately after snow-melt and are usually the earliest breeding
amphibians in western Montana. In the Pacific Northwest, eggs hatch in 3-6
weeks and metamorphosis occurs after 2-14 months (Nussbaum et al. 1983,
Leonard etal. 1993). Individuals were found in the Rocky Mountains and the
Elkhorn Mountains from 4350 - 7050 ft. elevation in a survey of the Helena
National Forest (Reichel 1996).

Surveying: Larvae can readily be seen in ponds during the day and sampled with a
dipnet; egg masses are somewhat harder to see. During the breeding season,
adults may also be seen in the water, particularly during night surveys. During
the rest of the spring, summer and fall, adults may occasionally be found in and
under logs on the forest floor. Metamorphosed individuals are active at night,
particularly when it is warm and rainy; they may be captured at this time by either
night searches or pitfall traps.

Status: The Long-toed Salamander is the most common salamander in western

Montana. The Long-toed Salamander is also found in the northwestern part of
the Elkhorns, the farthest east reported location in its range. The Elkhorns are
the only isolated mountain range east of the Continental Divide where this
species is found (Reichel 1995a).

Montana Natural Heritage Program rank: G5 S5.

Tiger Salamander {Ambystoma tigrinum) AAAAA01 1 40

Description: Adults liave smootli moist sl<in witli a liiglily variable color pattern; usually
the background color is dark, with lighter blotches of yellow, tan or green. The
adult is large and heavy-bodied with a snout to vent length of 3-6". Adult Tiger
Salamanders can be separated from other Montana species by: 1) their large
size and heavy body; and 2) two prominent tubercles on the bottom of each hind
foot.

Eggs and Larvae: Egg masses are typically laid in small clusters of 5-1 20, but may be
laid singly (Nussbaum et al. 1983, Leonard et al. 1993). They are usually
attached to vegetation and placed 2-10" below the surface of the water
(Hammerson 1982a). Larval Tiger Salamanders are typically pale green or
brown-colored, though those living in bentonite clay ponds may be nearly white.
They are found in lakes and ponds, have external gills, and are relatively large
(0.75-4" snout to vent) and heavy-bodied.

Similar species: Idaho Giant Salamanders in western Montana. None in eastern
Montana.

Habitat and Habits: Tiger Salamanders in eastern Montana are primarily associated with
prairie or agricultural habitats. They are also found in wooded draws and
ponderosa pine forests (Reichel 1995b, Hendricks and Reichel 1996). They
breed in ponds or lakes, usually those without fish present. In arid areas, they
may also be found in springs, intermittent streams, and stock ponds. Adults
spend much of the day in rodent burrows, becoming active on the surface at
night. Adults may be active relatively late in the year.

Surveying: Larvae and eggs may be seen in ponds during the day and may be
sampled with a dipnet. Migrations of hundreds or thousands of newly
transformed adults are occasionally seen in mid-late summer or early fall. During
the breeding season, adults are often seen moving to or away from the water or
breeding in it. Pitfall and minnow traps may be used to capture adults at this
time. Throughout the rest of the summer adults are difficult to find; using pitfall
traps or driving roads on warm rainy nights may be the best techniques then.

Status: The only salamander in eastern Montana. The species is widespread and
probably more abundant than survey records indicate.

Montana Natural Heritage Program rank: G5 S5.

Tailed Frog {Ascaphus truei) AAAAA01010

Description: Adults are gray or brown witli gray, brown, or occasionally yellow blotches;
the skin has a distinctly bumpy texture. The adult has a snout-vent length of 1 .5-
2" and lacks a tympanum. The outer toe of the hind foot is broader than the
other toes. The male has a bulbous "tail" which acts as a penis.

Eggs and Larvae: Approximately 50 eggs are laid in bead-like strings attached to the
underside of rocks. The tadpole (up to 2" long) is unique in that it has a large
mouth modified into a sucker; the color is quite variable.

Similar species: No other frog or toad has the outer toe of the hind foot broader than the
other toes; all other frogs and toads have a tympanum behind each eye.

Habitat and Habits: Tailed Frogs are found in and along small, swift, cold mountain

streams. In the Cascade Mountains of Washington and Oregon, the Tailed Frog
appears to be very sensitive to siltation and frequently disappears in and
downstream from clearcuts and water diversions (Bury, pers. comm.).
Preliminary findings do not indicate that this is the case in Montana. Eggs are
laid during the late summer and take approximately four weeks to hatch.
Tadpoles take 1-4 years to metamorphose, depending on water temperature
(Nussbaum et al. 1983; Metter 1967). Sexual maturity in Montana is attained at
ages 6-7, (Daugherty and Sheldon 1982) which is the latest age for sexual
maturity of any North American amphibian.

Surveying: Tadpoles are frequently found while electro-shocking fish. They may also
be found by turning over rocks in rapid water, with a net held just downstream.
Adults are best found by walking up streams starting 30-60 minutes after dark.

Status: Tailed Frogs should be considered a species with a very localized distribution in
Montana. However, the species may be more common and widespread in
suitable habitat than is currently known. It should be looked for throughout its
potential range. It is common and widespread in northwestern Montana (Reichel
and Flath 1995, Werner and Reichel 1994, 1996). Previously it was a USFWS
Candidate species (C-2). We would recommend that all sightings of this species
be reported.

Montana Natural Heritage Program rank: G5 S3S4.

Western Toad [= Boreal Toad] {Bufo boreas) AAAAA01140

Description: Adults are colored with a gray, brown, or olive-green mottling and a
prominent white or yellowish line down the center of the back; very young
transformed toads typically lack the dorsal line, and the warts are often red-
brown in color. The pupils are horizontal. The adult has a body length of 2.5-5".
There are no cranial crests and the skin is relatively dry with many warts and
glands present.

Eggs and Larvae: Eggs are laid in long, clear, double strings, and each has a black
embryo. Tadpoles are typically jet black, while all mid- to large-sized frog
tadpoles in Montana are green or bronze (except for some Tailed Frogs); very
small frog tadpoles are also black.

Similar species: Other Montana toads have cranial crests between their eyes. The
Plains Spadefoot has one tubercle on the sole of the hind feet, a vertical pupil,
and smoother skin. NOTE: It is very difficult to distinguish among the four
Montana toad species eggs, larvae, and recently-transformed toadlets.

Habitat and Habits: Adults are largely terrestrial and found in a variety of habitats from
valley bottoms to high elevations; they breed in lakes, ponds, and slow streams
with a preference for shallow areas with mud bottoms. Breeding and egg laying
in Montana usually takes place 1-3 months after snow-melt, from April at lower
elevations to July at higher sites. Tadpoles are typically 2-3 months old at
metamorphosis in Montana, depending on water temperature (Black 1970).
Following metamorphosis, hundreds of small toads, many with the tails still
present, can be found on the shores of breeding ponds.

Surveying: Tadpoles are easily seen in ponds during the day and can be sampled with
a dipnet. During the breeding season, adults may be seen in the water but at
other times are found in more terrestrial habitats.

Status: The rarity of this species and lack of recent sightings in the eastern ranges is of
concern. Brunson (1952) regarded the Western Toad as one of the most
common batrachians (frogs and toads) in western Montana. Black (1970)
supported its common occurrence not only in the west, but also in many counties
east of the continental divide. The Western Toad has declined from the most
common anuran in western Montana, to a relatively rare one in the state in the
past 25 years (Reichel and Flath 1995, Werner and Plumber 1995, Werner and
Reichel 1994, 1996).

The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service now lists this species as a Candidate (C-1) species
in Colorado, Wyoming, and New Mexico. Apparent declines have recently been
reported in northern Idaho (C. Peterson pers. comm.), Yellowstone National Park
(Koch and Peterson 1995, Peterson et al. 1992), Wyoming, and Colorado (Carey
1993). We would recommend that all sightings of this species be reported and
that a monitoring program be set up for this species.

Montana Natural Heritage Program rank: G4 S3S4.

Woodhouse's Toad {Bufo woodhousii) AAABB01180

Description: Adults liave dry sl<in witli small warts, and are gray, brown, or olive-green
with paler mottling or spots. A prominent white or yellowish line runs down the
center of the back; very young transformed toads typically lack the dorsal line,
and the warts are often red-brown in color. Woodhouse's Toad has parallel
cranial crests between the eyes and post-orbital crests connecting to them at a
right angle behind the eyes; the post-orbital crests typically touch the parotoid
glands. If a lump-like boss is present on the snout, it does not extend back
between the eyes. The pupils are horizontal. The adult has two black tubercles
on the hind feet and a body length of 2.5-4".

Eggs and Tadpoles: Similar to those of the Western Toad.

Similar species: The Western Toad lacks cranial crests. The Great Plains Toad has
large, white-bordered, dark, dorsal blotches. The Canadian Toad has a lump
between the eyes; frequently the parotoid gland is separated from the post-orbital
crest which may be broken or absent. NOTE: It is very difficult to distinguish
among the four Montana toad species eggs, larvae, and recently-transformed
toadlets.

Habitat and Habits: Adults are partially terrestrial but often found near water. They are
usually found in irrigated agricultural areas and flood plains, rather than the more
upland areas used by Great Plains Toads (Bragg 1940, Timkin and Dunlap 1965,
Black 1970). They are most active at night, although they may at times be found
feeding during the day (Hammerson 1982a). They typically breed in permanent
lakes, ponds, reservoirs, and slow streams, with a preference for shallow areas
with mud bottoms (Black 1970, Hammerson 1982a, Baxter and Stone 1985).
Breeding and egg laying is spread out over the spring and early summer, with
known dates from Montana ranging from 4 May to 1 July (Black 1970).

Surveying: Adults may easily be found by using their loud calls for identification on
warm (>54° F) nights; calling peaks during the first few hours after sunset
(Hammerson 1982a). "Road hunting" on warm nights may also be effective.
Eggs and tadpoles are seen in ponds during the day and can be sampled with a
dipnet; however, identification of toad eggs and tadpoles ranges from difficult to
impossible in the field.

Status: Woodhouse's Toad is relatively common in southeastern Montana, however, its
status elsewhere in the state is unclear. Geographic and habitat relationships
with other toads in Montana are not well known. It should be watched for at low
elevations in prairie or shrub-steppe habitat; it could occur along the Missouri
River. Any located should be well documented with a description indicating how
the species was differentiated.

Montana Natural Heritage Program rank: G5 S4.

10

Western Chorus Frog {Pseudacris triseriata) AAABC05070

Description: Adults are very small (0.75-1 .5") and have tiny, almost unnoticeable toe
pads. They have a dark line extending from the snout through the eye to the
groin. Basic coloration is quite variable with the background color being green,
brown, gray, or reddish. Typically 3-5 dark longitudinal stripes are present on the
head and back which may be broken up into spots on some individuals.

Eggs and Tadpoles: Eggs are laid in small clusters of 10-100, usually less than 1"
across and attached to submerged vegetation (Wheeler and Wheeler 1966,
Baxter and Stone 1985). Individual eggs are about 1 mm in diameter. Tadpoles
are brown/bronze and the eyes are located on the sides of the head.

Similar species: Pacific Chorus Frogs {Pseudacris regilla) have obvious toe pads and
an eye stripe ending at the shoulder. Recently metamorphosed Ranid frogs
could be confused with this species but the coloration differs and the tiny toe
pads are lacking (often visible only with a magnifying glass on small chorus
frogs).

Habitat and Habits: Western Chorus Frogs are regularly found in the water only during
the breeding period in spring. Their presence is obvious during this time due to
their call which is given frequently at night and sporadically throughout the day.
Following breeding, these frogs move into adjacent uplands and are rarely seen.
In eastern Montana they breed in temporary ponds and small lakes surrounded
by prairie; in some locations in Montana they are also found in open forested
habitats. Eggs hatch in about 2 weeks and tadpoles are about 2 months old at
metamorphosis (Wheeler and Wheeler 1966, Nussbaum et al. 1983).

Surveying: Adults are easily surveyed for, using their calls for identification during the
breeding season in the spring and early summer. During the breeding season,
adults may also be seen in the water, but their small size and habit of freezing or
diving when disturbed makes observation difficult; night surveys may be more
productive. Egg masses are difficult to find. Tadpoles may be seen in ponds
during the day and can be sampled with a dipnet.

Status: Common throughout the prairies of eastern Montana.

Montana Natural Heritage Program rank: G5 S5.

11

Plains Spadefoot {Scaphiopus [=Spea] bombifrons) AAABF02010

Description: Adults are colored gray or brown with darker mottling on the back and a

white belly. Some individuals have indistinct longitudinal streaking. The pupils of
the Plains Spadefoot are vertically elliptical and there is a high, hard lump
between the eyes. Its skin is less warty than true toads. The adult has a single
tubercle on the hind feet and has a body length of less than 2.5".

Eggs and Tadpoles: Oval egg masses of 10-250 eggs are attached to underwater
plants or debris. Tadpoles are mottled sooty and olive-yellow above and paler
below with gold metallic flecking over all; iris is gold.

Similar species: Other Montana frogs and toads have round or horizontally elliptical
pupils.

Habitat and Habits: Adults are found in grassland and sagebrush areas, particularly in
areas with sandy or loose soil (Wheeler and Wheeler 1966, Hammerson 1982a,
Baxter and Stone 1985). Except during breeding, they are seldom found in the
water. They are primarily nocturnal and emerge from their burrows only following
heavy rains. They breed in shallow temporary pools usually following heavy
spring or summer rains (Hammerson 1982a). Males call loudly, with groups
being heard for up to a mile. Eggs hatch after 2-3 days and tadpoles transform in
6-10 weeks (Wheeler and Wheeler 1966, Hammerson 1982a).

Surveying: Adults may be easily found by using their calls for identification when

breeding at night or by "road hunting" on warm, rainy nights. Calling normally
takes place only when the temperature is >50° F (Hammerson 1982). Tadpoles
are seen in ponds during the day and can be sampled with a dipnet. Surveying
is complicated by the long time periods which this species spends underground,
especially during droughts.

Status: Locally common in eastern Montana; there are large gaps in the known range.
It should be watched for at low elevations in prairie or shrub-steppe habitat. Any
located should be well-documented.

Montana Natural Heritage Program rank: G5 S4?

12

Bullfrog {Rana catesbeiana) AAABH01070

Description: Tine largest of Nortli American frogs, adult Bullfrogs may reach 8 inches in
body length. The skin is smooth. Adults are usually pale to dark green or
brownish green with darker spots or blotches. There are a series of black bands
across the legs. The underside is cream to yellowish with gray mottling. No
dorso-lateral folds are present, however there is a prominent ridge running from
the eye over the tympanum to the shoulder. Males have extensive yellow
pigment on the underside, especially in the throat region, and swollen thumbs.
The diameter of the tympanum is larger than the diameter of the eye in males but
about the same size in females.

Eggs and Tadpoles: Egg masses are a 1 -2 egg thick film of thousands of eggs and may
reach several feet across. Tadpoles may reach 4.5" in total length and are olive
green with numerous black spots dorsally; the belly is white to creamy with
varying amounts of dark mottling.

Similar species: Other Montana Ranid frogs have dorso-lateral folds.

Habitat and Habits: Bullfrogs are rarely seen far from the water's edge and are usually
in the water. They are associated with larger bodies of quiet water such as
ponds, lakes or backwaters of streams, usually with extensive emergent
vegetation such as cattails or reeds. They emerge in the spring only after air and
water temperatures have warmed considerably and insect populations are
beginning to proliferate. Breeding takes place in June when males attract
females to their territory by a series of very deep, loud "brr-umps." The large egg
mass tends to float on the surface when first laid, but sink into the water prior to
hatching (Hammerson 1982a, Nussbaum et al. 1983). Tadpoles over-winter in
the Pacific Northwest, transforming during their second summer (Nussbaum et
al. 1983, Leonard etal. 1993). The bullfrog is a voracious feeder, eating
anything smaller than itself, including ducklings, fish, mice, frogs, and small
turtles. Bullfrogs have been implicated in extirpations of native frogs and turtles,
and declines in waterfowl production (Hammerson 1982b, Leonard et al 1993,
Kiesecker and Blaustein 1998).

Surveying: Tadpoles and adults can easily be detected visually or sampled by using a
dipnet; both may be found from spring through fall. Capture success of adults is
enhanced by night sampling using a headlamp, as they are very wary and do not
allow close approach during the day. Eggs are also easy to detect when laid in
the early summer.

Status: Bullfrogs are native to the eastern and central U.S. and have been introduced
to the western states. It is possible that several unauthorized releases have
occurred on private lands, based on conversations with ranchers. They were
introduced into western Montana prior to the mid-1 960's (Black and Bragg 1968).
Bullfrogs should be watched for in ponds, lakes, sloughs, or slow streams. Any
located should be well documented.

Montana Natural Heritage Program rank: G5 SE4.

13

Northern Leopard Frog {Rana pipiens) AAABH01170

Description: Adults are brown or green witli large, dark spots surrounded by light-
colored halos on the sides and back. The dorso-lateral folds (ridges along the
sides of the back) are usually lighter in color that the surrounding background.
The under-side is typically white, but may be cream-colored or yellowish. The
adult has a body length of 2-5". Newly transformed froglets may lack spots and
are about 1" in length (Leonard et al. 1993).

Eggs and Tadpoles: Eggs are laid in 2-5" globular masses composed of hundreds to
thousands of eggs (Hammerson 1982a, Nussbaum et al. 1983). The tadpoles
are brown to dark brown on top with some metallic flecking, whereas the
underside is often nearly transparent (Nussbaum et al. 1983). Total length of
tadpoles may reach more than 3"; the eyes are located on top of the head.

Similar species: None, although some newly-transformed froglets may lack spots,
which makes them extremely difficult to distinguish from Spotted and Wood
Frogs.

Habitat and Habits: Northern Leopard Frogs are found in or near water in non-forested
habitats. Vegetation is typically dense, as in a cattail marsh or dense sedge-
meadow. Breeding takes place in lakes, ponds (temporary and permanent),
springs, and occasionally backwaters or beaver ponds in streams. In Colorado,
eggs hatch in 4-15 days and tadpoles take 8-15 weeks to metamorphose,
depending on water temperature (Hammerson 1982a).

Surveying: Both adults, tadpoles, and eggs are easily seen in and along the water

during the day and can be sampled with a dipnet; adults may also be captured by
hand. At very low densities adults may be difficult to find and may be detected
using a call recorder. Tadpoles are difficult to tell from those of the Spotted Frog
in areas where the two species may overlap.

Status: Historically, the Northern Leopard Frog was widespread in Montana but it now
appears to be extinct throughout much of the western part of the state. It is still
common and widespread in the southeastern corner of the state, but it may be
declining in central and northeastern Montana. It appears that only localized
populations are present on the western edge of the plains. Given the recent
declines in this species and the unusual habitat, this record should be treated as
hypothetical until verified. Due to its significant decline and lack of current
reports from the HNF, all sightings of this species should be documented.

Northern Leopard Frogs are now absent from many other areas in North America where
they were common a few decades ago. Widespread extinctions are known from
Alberta (Koonz 1993), Wyoming (Koch and Peterson 1995), Colorado
(Hammerson 1982b, Corn and Fogelman 1984), Idaho (Groves and Peterson
1992), Washington, and Oregon (Leonard etal. 1993). Bullfrog and fish
introductions, acid rain, ozone depletion, immune system suppression, and
"Postmetamorphic Death Syndrome" have all been suggested as causes for frog
extirpations in other areas (Corn and Fogelman 1984, Hammerson 1982b, Carey
1993, Leonard etal. 1993).

Montana Natural Heritage Program rank: G4 S3S4.

14

Columbia Spotted Frog {Rana luteventris [= pretiosaj) AAABH01 290

Description: Tine adult lias a snout-vent lengtli of 2-4". Adults are dark to light brown,
gray, or olive green with dark spots (frequently with lighter centers) found on the
back, sides and legs. The number and pattern of spotting is quite variable. The
back and sides are often covered with small bumps. The underside of the legs is
bright red, salmon, or orange; this bright color may extend up to the chin or be
replaced by a light, mottled gray on the chin, chest, and/or belly. In younger
subadults, bright leg color is often lacking and instead a light, lemon-colored
wash is present. In these subadults, there is often a dark mask present, with a
light jaw stripe extending to the shoulder; both the mask and jaw stripe may be
less obvious in larger, older animals.

Eggs and Tadpoles: Eggs are laid in large, globular masses of 150-500 at the surface
of the water. The tadpoles are dark green to brown on top with some gold
flecking whereas the underside has an iridescent bronze or silver color. Total
length of tadpoles may reach 3"; the eyes are located on top of the head.

Similar species: The bright-colored pigment on the undersides of the adult's legs
distinguish this species from all other frogs in Montana. Younger individuals,
without colored legs, may usually be distinguished from other frogs by a
combination of: 1 ) dorsal spots usually present but not surrounded by light-
colored halos; 2) dorso-lateral folds present; 3) toes without pads at the tips; and
4) a pale gray, (rather than white) belly.

Habitat and Habits: Spotted Frogs are regularly found at the water's edge in openings
within forest habitats. Wetlands in or near treeline are also used, but populations
are uncommon in the large, open intermountain valleys. Eggs hatch in 2-3
weeks and tadpoles take 2-14 months to metamorphose, depending on water
temperature (Nussbaum et al. 1983, Turner 1958). Breeding takes place in
lakes, ponds (temporary and permanent), springs, and occasionally backwaters
or beaver ponds in streams. All the egg masses in a particular pond are often
found in the same location at the margin of the pond; therefore, the eggs are
susceptible to drying up if pond levels recede substantially before hatching.
Young and adult frogs often disperse into marsh and forest habitats but are not
usually found far from open water.

Surveying: Adults, tadpoles, and eggs are easily seen in and along the water during the
day and can be sampled with a dipnet; adults may also be captured by hand.
Many adults may leave the breeding ponds following egg laying and move to
nearby feeding areas for the summer. Tadpoles are difficult to distinguish from
those of the Northern Leopard Frog in areas where the two species may overlap.

Status: The most common frog in western Montana. The species was previously a
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Category 2 Candidate species in Montana;
elsewhere in its range it is listed as a C-1 , with Threatened/Endangered status
warranted, but precluded by work on higher-priority species (U.S. Fish and
Wildlife Service 1993). While significant declines are known from the southern
end of the range (Nevada, southern Idaho, Utah) and are also apparent in
coastal Washington (McAllister et al. 1993), Oregon, and California, recent (as
yet unpublished) research indicates that those populations are different species.

Montana Natural Heritage Program rank: G4 S4.

15

Short-horned Lizard {Phrynosoma douglasi) ARACF12030

Description: Tine Sliort-liorned lizard lias a broad, somewliat flattened body and

relatively short limbs and tail. It is generally tan to gray with dark and light spots
and blotches; the belly is white. There is a distinctive line of pointed scales along
each side, and the head has short, blunt "horns" pointing backward. Adult lizards
range from 1 .7 - 5.5" in length.

Young: Young are live-born and resemble small adults.

Similar species: None.

Habitat and Habits: The Short-horned lizard is found in a variety of habitats, including
dry open forests, grasslands, and sagebrush; the soil is usually loose or sandy.
In firmer soil situations, it may use the burrows of other animals. It is active
during the day, typically with the peak of activity in mid-late morning. A Short-
horned Lizard may squirt blood from its eyes when disturbed. Little is known
about reproduction in this part of the range; young are born in late summer. Ants
are the primary food of the species.

Surveying: They may be surveyed for by slowly walking through appropriate habitat
and watching carefully for them; look carefully near ant mounds; this technique
has low success with Short-horned Lizards however. As with many lizards and
snakes, they are easily missed. Carefully documented incidental observations
may provide the best clues to their distribution. They may be also taken in pitfall
or funnel traps in combination with drift fences.

Status: The Short-horned Lizard subspecies found in Montana (P. d. brevirostra) is
currently a U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Category 2 Candidate species (U.S.
Fish and Wildlife Service 1994). It is widely distributed (but apparently localized)
in eastern Montana. This species may be vulnerable to collecting for the pet
trade and agricultural conversion of native habitats. It should be watched for in
open pine, prairie, or shrub-steppe habitat with loose or sandy soils; all sightings
should be documented.

Montana Natural Heritage Program Rank: G5 S4. A Species of Special Concern.

16

Sagebrush Lizard {Sceloporus graciosus) ARACF14030

Description: Tine Sagebrusli Lizard is small (1 .5 - 2.5" body length) and narrow-bodied.
The color pattern in adults consists of alternating dark and light stripes running
down the back. The colors are typically brown, gray, and cream. Males have
mottled blue throat patches and bright blue belly patches, while females are
white or yellow below (Censky 1986). The body and tail scales appear
somewhat spiny.

Eggs and young: There are 2 - 7 tough, leathery, white eggs in a clutch, averaging
about 7.5 X 12 mm (Nussbaum et al. 1983). Body length of hatchlings is about
25 mm, and coloration is similar to adults.

Similar species: None in Montana. The Short-horned Lizard has a wide body.

Habitat and Habits: Sagebrush Lizards are found primarily in sagebrush areas, but also
occur in open forests and brush lands; they are found in both areas of fine soils
and rocky outcrops (Hammerson 1982a, Baxter and Stone 1985, Nussbaum et
al. 1983). In the Yellowstone area, they are found near thermal features (Mueller
1969). They are active during the day, with mid-morning and late-afternoon
peaks of activity (Hammerson 1982a). Females lay eggs in loose or sandy soil in
early summer and the young hatch in late summer. They feed primarily on
insects and other arthropods.

Surveying: They may be surveyed for by slowly walking through appropriate habitat on
warm, sunny days and carefully watching for them; this technique is very
effective for the Sagebrush Lizard. However, as with many lizards and snakes,
they may be overlooked if conditions are not correct. Carefully documented
incidental observations provide excellent clues to their distribution. They may be
captured with a pole and noose or may be also taken in funnel traps with drift
fences. Adults and juveniles have been captured inadvertently in pitfall can traps
set for shrews (P. Hendricks, pers. observ.). Mark-recapture methods offer the
best opportunity for determining population status.

Status: The Sagebrush Lizard was a former U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Category 2
Candidate species (USFWS 1994). It is apparently locally common in southern
Montana, from Yellowstone Park eastward to at least Chalk Butte in Carter
County. They are known from the western border of South Dakota south of
Harding County (C. R. Peterson pers. comm., Stukel and Backlund 1997), and
two disjunct populations are known from the western edge of North Dakota
(Censky 1986). This species should be watched for, and any animals located
should be documented.

Montana Natural Heritage Program rank: G5 S4.

17

Painted Turtle {Chrysemys picta) ARAAD01 01

Description: Adult Painted Turtles have a relatively flat dorsal shell, or carapace, the
length of which may reach 9" in females and 7" in males. The background color
of the shell may be dark brown, olive, or black. A series of short, irregular yellow
lines are often scattered across the shell, and a red and black border forms the
outer edge. The ventral shell, or plastron, is red with a centrally-located yellow
and black blotch with edges flaring out along the border of the scutes. The edge
of the plastron also has a series of black and yellow blotches. The head, neck,
and legs are marked with yellow lines and a red spot appears behind the eye.
Very dark colored individuals are occasionally found. Males are distinguished by
longer front claws and longer tails with the anus posterior to the margin of the
carapace (Ernst et al. 1994).

Eggs and Young: The elliptical, white, soft-shelled eggs are about 28-35 mm in length
and 16-23 mm in width (Ernst etal. 1994). They typically number 6-23 per
clutch. Coloration of young Painted Turtles is more vibrant and the shell is not
quite as flattened as adults.

Similar Species: None.

Habitat and Habits: Painted Turtles are active during the day and are rarely seen far
from ponds, lakes, or the slow-moving water of streams. Adults are primarily
herbivorous, feeding on a variety of aquatic plants, but will also scavenge on
animal remains. Eggs are usually laid within 1 0-20 feet of the water's edge,
although some individuals will travel up to 600 m seeking a suitable site. During
egg-laying, the female excavates a hole with her hind feet and deposits the eggs,
which are then covered by several inches of dirt. Predation on turtle eggs by
raccoons, skunks, etc. is common, and shell fragments are evidence of such
activity. Female Painted Turtles may lay more than one clutch of eggs each
summer. Young borne of late egg depositions overwinter in the nest and do not
emerge until the following spring (Ernst et al. 1 994). Once females lay their
eggs, they return to the pond, where they can often be seen basking on logs or
rocks along with juveniles and males. Painted Turtles are sexually mature at 3-5
years of age and may live to be 30 years or older (Ernst et al. 1994).

Surveying: Although various turtle traps can be used for surveys, visual identification is
suitable for presence/absence studies since the three turtle species in Montana
are easily distinguished. Basking peaks at different times during the day,
depending on season and location; in the northern states and Canada it
generally peaks in the morning. Surveys should be done on sunny days with a
pair of binoculars. During cold or cloudy weather, turtles tend to remain
underwater for long periods and can be missed on a walk-through survey.

Status: Painted Turtles are locally quite common in Montana at lower elevations. They
are known from lower elevation areas on the plains; any sightings should be
documented. There has been some concern about Painted Turtle populations
nationally; whether declines have occurred in Montana is unknown

Montana Natural Heritage Program Rank: G5 S5.

18

Spiny Softshell {Trionyx spiniferus) {=Apalone spinifera) ARAAG01030

Description: Spiny Soft-sliells liave flexible, leathery shells. The carapace is olive-
gray, marked with dark spots. The plastron is white or light cream-colored.
Female carapace length is up to 18 inches or more, whereas males are typically
6-8 inches. The nostrils are terminal, allowing this turtle to remain entirely
beneath the surface and take air through its "snorkel".

Eggs and Young: The nest is a flask-shaped excavation containing 4-39 (typically 12-
18) hard-shelled, spherical, white eggs. The individual eggs range in size from
24-32 mm in diameter and average about 28 mm. Hatchlings resemble adults
and are 30-40 mm in shell length (Ernst etal. 1994).

Similar Species: None.

Habits and Habitat: Spiny Softshells are active during the day. This highly aquatic
turtle is found in rivers or their connecting backwaters with muddy or sandy
bottoms. Unlike other Montana turtles, they do not move overland from one
water body to another. Mud and sand banks and bars are used for both basking
and nesting. Hibernation takes place beneath the water, usually beneath 5-10
cm of bottom substrate (Ernst et al. 1994). The retracted head and neck
combines with the profile of the shell to produce a wedge shape, which allows
this turtle to escape by literally diving into the bottom mud. If necessary,
additional strokes of the legs will completely bury it in the substrate, hidden from
view. Food items include fish, crayfish, frogs, toads, aquatic insects, and carrion.
Spiny Soft-shells have a surprisingly long, agile neck and can inflict a painful bite.
They can be safely handled by grasping the shell on each side between the front
and rear legs with the head pointing ai/i/ayfrom the captor.

Surveying: Although various turtle traps can be used for surveys, visual identification is
suitable since the three turtle species in Montana are easily distinguished . A
pair of binoculars is helpful and surveys should be done on warm sunny days;
basking seldom takes place before 10:00 a.m. (Ernst et al. 1994). During cold or
cloudy weather, turtles tend to remain underwater for long periods and can be
missed on a walk-through survey. Care should be taken to watch for the snorkel-
like nostrils projecting just above the surface of the water.

Status and Distribution: Found mainly in the Yellowstone and Missouri Rivers and their
major tributaries. These populations may be separated from each other and are
believed to be disjunct form the population in South Dakota (Ernst et al. 1994);
they have not been reported from North Dakota (Wheeler and Wheeler 1966).
The Missouri River population is known from the tail of Fort Peck Reservoir
upstream to the first dam above, and from most of the Mussellshell River; their
presence on other tributaries is presently unknown. Considered a Species of
Special Concern in Montana.

Montana Natural Heritage Program Rank: G5 S3. Species of Special Concern.

19

Rubber Boa {Charina bottae) ARADA01010

Description: Tine Rubber Boa lool<s and feels lil<e rubber, lience its name. It is a small
snake (14-33" length), stout, and uniformly-colored either brown or green on the
dorsal side. The ventral surface is cream to tan in color. The scales are small
and smooth, except for those on the head which are enlarged. The tail is short
and blunt and the eyes are very small. It is a very slow moving snake which can
easily be caught if detected.

Young: Rubber Boas are born alive and young are more tan (or even pinkish) than the
adults on both the dorsal and ventral surfaces.

Similar species: The Racer is much quicker and more active, has larger eyes, and a
thin, tapered (not blunt) tail.

Habitat and Habits: The Rubber Boa is a secretive, slow-moving, docile snake, usually
found under logs and rocks in either moist or dry forest habitats, but rarely in
marsh or bog situations. Denning locations are typically in areas with fractured
rock on south facing slopes; recent data indicates it rarely moves more than a
short distances from its den (C. Peterson pers. comm). Occasionally this snake
is seen sunning itself on a road, trail, or open area, but it is primarily nocturnal.
Feeding is primarily on small mice, but also on shrews, salamanders, snakes and
lizards. Two to eight young are born alive in late summer or early fall.

Surveying: There are no practical methods for surveying other than systematic

searches of a given area rolling over rocks, logs, etc. Driving roads at night,
particularly after a rain when the temperature is > 50° F, may be more effective,
especially on roads which follow a stream. Previous sightings are of value in
locating general areas of activity and denning sites. Funnel traps may be
effective.

Status: Sightings of Rubber Boas are infrequent, but they are widely distributed and
probably common throughout western Montana at low to mid-elevations. Of
particular interest would be any documentation of denning sites.

Montana Natural Heritage Program Rank: G5 S4.

20

Racer {Coluber constrictor) ARADB07010

Description: A slender, but moderately long snake, the Racer ranges from 20-65 inches
in length. Adult coloration is uniform across the dorsal side but it can vary from a
greenish-gray to brown or blue. The ventral side is whitish to pale yellow, the
latter color extending onto the upper lip scales and nasal region. The eyes are
relatively large. The scales are smooth and the nostril is bordered by two scales.

Young: Snakes (up to about 20") have a much different coloration than the adults
consisting of a series of dorsal brown blotches edged with black which run the
length of the animal; a row of blotches is also found on each side of the animal
extending onto the ventral side.

Similar species: Young Gopher Snakes may be distinguished by the keeled rather than
smooth scales of the young Racer. Young Western Hognose Snakes have an
upturned nose. Smooth Green Snakes are smaller and colored bright grass-
green and whitish below; their nostrils are centered in single scales. Also see
Rubber Boa.

Habitat and Habits: The Racer is associated with open habitats, in shortgrass, shrub-
steppe, or forested areas (Hammerson 1982a, Baxter and Stone 1985). It is
often found near water and rocks. The Racer is an extremely fast and agile
snake. A clutch of perhaps 3-7 eggs is laid in the summer (Stebbins 1985). It
preys on insects and small vertebrates such as mice and frogs.

Surveying: They may be surveyed for by slowly walking through appropriate habitat on
warm, sunny days and carefully watching for them; this technique is moderately
effective for the Racer. However, as with many lizards and snakes, they may
easily be missed. Carefully documented incidental observations may provide the
best clues to their distribution. They may be also taken in funnel traps with drift
fences. Mark-recapture methods offer the best opportunity for determining
population status.

Status: The Racer can be expected at low to mid-elevations across Montana. Any

sightings should be documented. Of particular interest would be documentation
of any den sites.

Montana Natural Heritage Program Rank: G5 S5.

21

Milk Snake {Lamp rope Itis triangulum) ARADB19050

Description: Tine IVIill< Snal<e is a slender and medium-sized snake (to 42 inclies in

lengtli or more), witli smootli scales. It has a Highly recognizable series of red to
orange saddles or rings that are bordered by black bands and separated by white
or yellow bands. Width of dark and light bands can vary markedly. The
subspecies in Montana (L t. gentilis) tends to be paler, with orange bands
replacing red, and a light belly with few or no black spots.

Similar species: None in Montana.

Habitat and Habits: Little is known of Milk Snakes in Montana because only a few have
been reported. In Wyoming and elsewhere they are usually found near cliffs,
talus, outcrops, and rocky hillsides in forested and open country (Baxter and
Stone 1985). They can be found in or under rotten logs. Milk Snakes are
secretive and most active at night. They eat a variety of vertebrates, including
other snakes, lizards, eggs, small mammals, and sometimes invertebrates such
as earthworms and insects. Eggs are laid in mid-summer. Milk Snakes
sometimes vibrate their tails when disturbed. Their name stems from an old tale
alleging that these snakes milk cows.

Surveying: Timed site surveys can be conducted around cliff bases and outcrops.

Nocturnal surveys may be the most productive. Most distribution information will
likely come from recording incidental sightings. More intensive research may be
done using funnel traps in combination with drift fences. The most intensive
research and survey projects may use mark-recapture or radio-telemetry
techniques.

Status: Milk Snakes are very rare and local in Montana. The majority of records are

clustered at only a few sites in Montana, such as near Bridger in Carbon County,
and Billings in Yellowstone County. The subspecies found in Montana is highly
sought for the pet trade. All records of Milk Snakes should be fully documented.
Of special interest would be documented denning sites.

Montana Natural Heritage Program rank: G5 S2. Species of Special Concern.

22

Gopher Snake {Pituophis catenifer [=melanoleucusJ) ARADB26010

Description: IVIontana's largest snal<e, tine adult Gopher Snake (also called Bullsnake or
Pine Snake) can reach a total length of 7 feet, but most specimens seen in
western Montana range between 3-5 feet. It is readily recognized by a series of
large black to brown blotches which run down the back, and another series along
the sides. The blotches, which are set on a yellow background, become more
widely spaced and darker towards the tail. The dorsal scales are keeled. There
is usually a black band on the head located in front of and extending below the
eyes. The ventral coloration is yellow to white, often spotted with black, and the
anal plate is undivided.

Eggs and Young: Gopher Snakes lay between 2-24 eggs during the summer months
(Hammerson 1982a). The young resemble adults in coloration.

Similar species: Young Racers have a black border on dark blotches and the scales
are not keeled. Young Western Hognose Snakes have an upturned nose.
Western Rattlesnakes have a rattle on their tail and triangular shaped heads.

Habitat and Habits: Gopher Snakes are associated with dry, arid habitats including
grassland, shrub-steppe, and open pine forest. They feed on rodents, rabbits
and ground dwelling birds, and to a lesser extent on frogs, toads, etc., found
around stock ponds and other wetlands. They have a habit of hissing and
vibrating the tail when alarmed, often sounding like rattlesnakes. They
occasionally climb trees, hence the common name "Pine Snake."

Surveying: Walk-through surveys, done on a regular basis in warm, sunny weather

probably give the best results without resorting to trapping techniques. They are
most easily found near dens in the spring and fall. Funnel trapping is effective
and they may occasionally be found by night driving during the mid-summer.
Data can be enhanced by mark-recapture techniques.

Status: Documentation of any denning sites would be of particular interest.

Montana Natural Heritage Program Rank: G5 S5.

23

Western Rattlesnake {Crotalus viridis) ARADE02120

Description: Rattlesnakes liave a lieat-sensing pit located between the nostril and the
eye. The fangs are hollow and hinged, allowing them to be folded back against
the roof of the mouth. The head is triangular in shape and blunt-nosed. The
eyes are slightly elevated. There are several white lines which run along the side
of the head. Adult Western Rattlesnakes have a narrow neck but a stout body
with total length ranging from 15-60 inches. The dorsal background color varies
from pale green to brown with a series of brown or black blotches edged with a
dark and then light line extending the length of the body. The blotches often
merge into rings on the tail. There are also blotches on the sides of the body.
The ventral side is pale yellow to white and without blotches. The scales are
keeled. The tail ends in a rattle which helps to warn potential predators of the
snake's presence. The young have the same color pattern, but are brighter in
color than adults.

Similar species: No other snake in Montana has rattles, but see Racer, Gopher Snake
and Western Hognose Snake which may have similar color patterns.

Habitat and Habits: The Western Rattlesnake is an inhabitant of more open and arid
country but it is also found in Ponderosa pine stands or mixed grass-coniferous
forests. It is more likely to be encountered on south-facing slopes and areas of
rock outcrops. It is feared and often needlessly killed due to its poisonous bite.
Rattlesnakes may den in large numbers, moving up to 7 miles out from the dens
during the summer (C. Peterson, pers. comm.); den sites are most common in
south-facing talus slopes. In Wyoming, it is found up to elevations of over 8,500
feet (Baxter and Stone 1985). Rattlesnakes prey on a variety of animals
including mice, ground squirrels, rabbits, amphibians, and other snakes. In
Colorado, females give birth to 4-21 young during the summer (Hammerson
1982a).

Surveying: A walk-through survey on a warm sunny day is probably the best method for
determining presence/absence; it is easiest to find near den sites in spring and
fall. Funnel traps and night driving are both effective techniques. Mark-recapture
methods can be used to determine more precise numbers.

Status: The Western Rattlesnake is most likely be encountered at lower elevations in
open habitats. The habit of denning at traditional sites in large numbers makes
rattlesnakes vulnerable to commercial collecting or simply killing by fearful
people. Observations of Western Rattlesnakes should be reported to document
the presence of this species; of particular interest would be documentation of any
denning sites.

Montana Natural Heritage Program Rank: G5 S4.

24

Common Garter Snake {Thamnophis sirtalis) ARADB36130

Description: Tine Common Garter Snal<e consists of two color pliases in western
IVIontana, botli ranging from 18-52" in lengtli. Botli pliases have three yellow
longitudinal stripes: one located dorsally and one on each side on the 2nd and
3rd scale rows above the belly scales. Between the yellow stripes is a black (or
dark green) background, broken with red spots in one color phase but lacking red
in the other. Ventral coloration varies from yellow to bluish, and some individuals
of the red-sided color phase have small black spots on the edge of the ventral
scales. The dorsal scales are keeled, and normally there are 7 upper labial
scales.

Young: The coloration of young snakes is similar to that of the adults; young are live-
born.

Similar species: The Western Terrestrial Garter Snake has black spots overlapping the
dorsal yellow stripe; the background color between stripes tends to be paler
dusky green, gray or brown. The Plains Garter Snake has the side yellow stripe
on the 3rd and 4th scale rows above the belly scales and the dorsal stripe is
often orange or red.

Habitat and Habits: Garter snakes are found in all forest habitats but are more common
at lower elevations around marsh-bog-pond situations, where they prey on young
fish, frogs, toads, mice and invertebrates. They are sometimes confused with
water snakes because of their frequent aquatic exploits, but there are no true
water snakes in Montana. Typical of most garter snakes, they emit a noxious
secretion when handled and can be aggressive when disturbed. Historically they
have been found at low elevations in the intermountain valleys as well as
elevations up to 5,600 feet. Garter snakes eat a variety of vertebrates and
invertebrates, with the Common Garter Snake concentrating more on amphibians
than the Western Terrestrial Garter Snake. Young: The Common Garter Snake
is a livebearer, giving birth to 12-18 young during the summer in Colorado
(Hammerson 1982a).

Surveying: Timed-sight surveys may be conducted around wetlands and riparian

feeding areas or at denning areas where higher concentrations of garter snakes
occur; clear mornings are the best survey times. Much distributional information
may come from recording incidental sightings. More intensive research and
survey projects may use funnel traps in combination with drift fences, or mark-
recapture or radiotelemetry techniques.

Status: Given the small number of records from throughout the area, all records should
be documented until the distribution is better understood; of particular interest
would be documentation of denning sites.

Montana Natural Heritage Program Rank: G5 S4.

25

Western Terrestrial Garter Snake {Thamnophis elegans) ARADB36050

Description: Adult Western Terrestrial (or Wandering) Garter Snakes are smaller than
the Common Garter Snake, their length varying from 18-43". Three yellow
longitudinal stripes are present (one dorsal, two lateral on the 2nd and 3rd scale
rows), but the dorsal stripe is much narrower than that of the Common Garter
Snake. A distinctive feature of the Western Terrestrial Garter Snake is a series
of alternating black spots which run the length of the body between, and
somewhat on, the yellow stripes. The background color between the stripes is a
dusky gray, green or brown, compared to the black or occasionally dark green
found in the Common Garter Snake. The ventral surface has a series of dark
black/brown blotches that may cover most of the surface. All black, presumably
melanistic, individuals are occasionally found near Townsend, Montana. The
dorsal scales are keeled and there are normally 8 upper labial scales.

Young: The coloration of young snakes is similar to that of the adults; young are live-
born. Females give birth to 4-19 young during the summer (Stebbins 1985).

Similar species: See Common Garter Snake.

Habitat and Habits: The habitat and habits of the Western Terrestrial Garter Snake are
similar to the Common Garter Snake, i.e., they are found in most habitats but are
particularly common around wetlands.

Surveying: Timed sight surveys may be conducted around wetlands and riparian

feeding areas or at denning areas where higher concentrations of garter snakes
occur; clear mornings are the best survey times. Much distributional information
may come from recording incidental sightings. More intensive research and
survey projects may use funnel traps in combination with drift fences, or mark-
recapture or radiotelemetry techniques.

Status: Given the small number of recent records from throughout the area, all records
should be documented until the distribution is better understood; of particular
interest would be documentation of denning sites.

Montana Natural Heritage Program Rank: G5 S5.

26

RECOMMENDATIONS

1) Incidental sightings of amphibians and reptiles in southwestern Montana should be
recorded and forwarded to the Natural Heritage Program. Of particular interest are all
observations and locations of breeding amphibians (tadpoles and/or eggs) and all
reptiles. Use Reichel and Flath (1995) as an identification aid. Vouchers of amphibian
tadpoles can be sent to the Natural Heritage program for identification. The Natural
Heritage website has an online form for submitting herp observation data at
http://nris.mt.gov/mtnhp/index.html .

2) Due to the time constraints and the large area covered in this survey, it should not be
regarded as a definitive index of all the amphibians and reptiles or their presence on the
surveyed area. The secretive habits of many amphibians and reptiles, and our lack of
knowledge regarding their reproductive behavior make it difficult to assess their overall
status. We recommend that additional surveys be conducted.

3) When a more complete picture of breeding locations for amphibians are identified in
the area, long-term monitoring of typical marsh-pond habitats should be set up at
several sites in order to evaluate relative numbers and breeding success of the more
common species: Tiger Salamander, Western Chorus Frog, Woodhouse's Toad,
Northern Leopard Frog, Plains Garter Snake, and Common Garter Snake. Particular
attention needs to be given to any toad and Northern Leopard Frog breeding sites
found. Life history and ecology of the amphibians in Montana is poorly known for most
species. Long-term monitoring will give us information on timing of breeding and habitat
requirements needed for successful reproduction.

4) Recent studies have examined amphibian use of the terrestrial area surrounding
wetland areas. The aim of those studies is to establish baseline data for determining
appropriate buffer distances from wetland edges for protection of amphibians. Using
data from six salamander species, Semlitsch (1998) found the mean distance that adult
salamanders were found away from aquatic habitats was 125 meters. Although studies
have not been conducted for species occurring in Montana, it is becoming increasingly
apparent that protecting terrestrial buffers are around wetlands are important in
conserving biological diversity (Semlitsch 1998).

27

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35

APPENDIX 1.

Amphibians and reptile

survey sites in the

in the Dillon and Headwaters Districts

and the Red Rock Lakes.

1996-1998

36

Appendix 1. S urvey sites within the Dillon and Headwaters districts with location and species information 1996 - 1998.

SURVEY COUNTY

MT960059 Beaverhead 001N012W 10

Q SPEC MO DA YR START M N ELEV SO m Y/N S TE

COMMENTS

MT960048
MT960054
MT960049
MT960057
MT960053

MT960056
MT961345

Beaverhead
Beaverhead
Beaverhead
Beaverhead
Beaverhead

Beaverhead
Beaverhead

004S016W 17

005S016W 15

005S017W 10

006S010W 30

006S016W 1

009S010W 31

009S010W 2

MT960051 Beaverhead 010S015W 16

MT960052
MT961349
MT961339

MT961336

MT961338

MT961340

Beaverhead
Beaverhead
Beaverhead

Beaverhead

Beaverhead

Beaverhead

010S015W 22

Oil SOI OW 35

013S001E 32

014S001E 18

014S002W 16

014S002W 21

MT961341 Beaverhead 014S002W 5

MT961347 Beaverhead 014S005W 14

MT961348 Beaverhead 014S005W 30

MT960045 Beaverhead 014S012W 23

SE
SE

RALU,
THEL
RALU
W2 RALU
S2 BUBO
W2 THEL
W2 RALU

CRVI
PSTR

NE RALU,
THEL

SW RALU
PSTR
PSTR

PSTR,
RALU
RALU,
PSTR
PSTR

7 25 1996 1445 65 5760 50000 Y

7 9

7 19

7 9

7 25

7 19

7 21

5 26

7 10

5 26

5 25

5 24

5 25

5 25

1996
1996
1996
1996
1996

1996
1996

7 10 1996

1996
1996
1996

1996

1996

1996

PSTR 5 25 1996

PSTR 5 26 1996

PSTR 5 26 1996

RALU, 7 7 1996
THEL

MT960047 Beaverhead 003S017W 23 SW RALU, 7 9 1996

THEL

MT980119 Beaverhead 009S015W 23 NW RALU, 7 13 1998

THEL

1515 45

1250 40

1710 50

920 40

1730 80

6600
6710
7190
6200
6960

1510 140 5740

1430 60 6990

45000 Y

90000 Y

3000 Y

32000 Y

14400 Y

960000 Y
Y

2000 Y

Big Hole R - Dickey Br Access

Area

Rocl< Cl< - Twin Lal<e Rd

Big Swamp off Big Swamp Cl<

Twin Lakes

Rattlesnake Ck past Argenta

Miner Lakes Rd - temp ponds in

W2 of Sec 1

BLM lands N of Clark Canyon Section 31/32

Beaverhead River floodplain,

flooded hayfield

Trail Ck below Lemhi Pass

1620 40 6960 300 Y Frying Pan Ck - springs/seep

Y Red Rock River floodplain

Y S. end of Elk Lake, ca. 1 mi N of
Red Rocks Lake NWR

Y Red Rock Lakes NWR, Red
Rock Cr. at Elk Lake Rd.

Y Red Rocks Lake NWR, marshy
area along Red Rocks Pass Rd.

Y Red Rock Lakes NWR, ponds
along rd to airstrip, by Shambow
Cr.

Y Red Rocks Lake NWR, Lower
Red Rock Lake

Y Mud Lake outlet along Red Rock
Pass Rd.

Y Lima Reservoir drainage area N
of Red Rock Pass Rd.

1545 135 7610 180000 Y Morrison Lake & outlet ponds R. Pretiosa found in both

Morrison Lake and an outlet
pond. T. Elegans found only in
outlet pond.

1130 45 6190 25000 Y Swamp Ck

1605 85 7085 27000 Y Bloody Dick Creek on Cty Rd F1038;S1038

181, 12mi Wof Cty Rd. 324

*Species abbreviations: Ambystoma macrodactylum AMMA; Ambystoma tigrinum AMTI; Ascaphus truei ASTR; Bufo boreas BUBO; Bufo woodhousii BUWO; Charina bottae CHBO;
Chrysemys picta CHPI; Coluber constrictor COCO; Crotalus viridis CRVI; Lampropeltis triangulum LATR; Phrynosoma hernandesi PHHE; Pituophis catenifer PICA; Pseudacris
triseriata PSTR; Rana catesbeiana RACA; Rana iuteiventris RALU (=Rana pretiosa RAPR); Rana pipiens RAPI; Sceloporus graciosus SCGR; Spea bombifrons SPBO; Thamnophis
elegans THEL; Thamnophis sirtalis THSI; Trionyx spiniferus TRSP.

37

Appendix 1. Survey sites within the Dillon and Headwaters districts with location and species information 1996 - 1998.

SURVEY COUNTY

Q SPEC MO DA YR START MIN ELEV SO m Y/N SITE

COMMENTS

MT980121 Beaverhead 010S013W 33 SE RALU

MT980128 Beaverhead 011S008W 15 NW RALU

MT980120 Beaverhead 011S014W 35 SW RALU

MT980090 Beaverhead 012S006W 15 NE THEL

MT980124 Beaverhead 012S012W 13 NW RALU

MT980140 Beaverhead 013S003W 33 SW PSTR

MT980125 Beaverhead 013S012W 2 NW RALU,

THEL

MT980138 Beaverhead 014S001E 17 NW RALU

MT980133 Beaverhead 014S002W 21 NW PSTR,

RALU

MT980134 Beaverhead 014S002W 21 SE AMTI,

BUBO,
PSTR,
RALU

MT980135 Beaverhead 014S002W 27 SE RALU

MT980142 Beaverhead 014S002W 33 NE RALU

MT980136 Beaverhead 014S003W 36 SW BUBO,

RALU

MT980137 Beaverhead 014S003W 34 NE AMTI,

RALU,
THEL

MT980144 Beaverhead 014S005W 30 SW PSTR,

RALU

7

14

1998

1345

45

6921

7700

7

16

1998

1320

55

6731

12025

7

14

1998

1110

65

7446

21600

6

13

1998

1515

75

6980

43000

7

15

1998

1330

30

6626

525

7

21

1998

1510

50

6783

42000

7

15

1998

1430

45

7052

7500

7

21

1998

1000

70

6714

26400

7

19

1998

1205

55

6986

10500

7

19

1998

1330

90

7118

750

7

19

1998

1700

45

7478

600

7

22

1998

1145

75

8216

10800

7

20

1998

1500

90

8134

57600

7

20

1998

1300

45

7249

1500

7

22

1998

1710

50

6855

3200

Y Shenon Creek headwaters, 4 mi F1040;S1040
E of Cty Rd 324

Y Long Creek on Sage Creek Rd, F1 047;S1 047
18 mi NE of Dell

Y N Fk of Divide Creek, 1 mi below F1 039;S1 039
Bannock Pass

Y W Fork of Blacktail Deer Creek, F1 000;S1 000
11 mi N of Lima Reservoir

Y Medicine Lodge Creek tributary F1 043;S1 043
along Cty Rd 257 near Medicine

Lodge Peak

Y Red Rock River by Brundage F1 059;S1 059
Bridge, off N side Rd (Cty Rd

268)

Y Medicine Lodge Creek near F1 044;S1 044
Hildreth on Cty Rd 257, 18 mi S

of Cty Rd 324

Y Red Rock Creek & backwater F1 057;S1 057
ponds by Red Rock Pass Rd

(Cty Rd 201 )

Y Duff Creek beaver pond, 1 mi S F1 052;S1 052
of Red Rock Pass Rd (Cty Rd

201)

Y Pond on unnamed creek E of F1 053;S1 053
Duff Creek, 1 .5 mi S of Cty Rd

201

Y Pond off W Fk. of Shambow Crk, F1 054;S1 054
2.5 mi SW of Lakeview

Y Upper Shambow pond off E Fk F1061;S1061
of Shambow Ck, 3 mi SW of

Lakeview

Y Brenerman Lake (Reservoir), 3.5 F1055;S1055;Breeding ponds
mi S of Red Rock Pass Rd (Cty 0.5 mi below?

Rd201)

Y Paul Allen Ranches, 1 .5 mi S of F1 056;S1 056
Red Rock Pass Rd (County Rd

201)

Y Sand Creek blown out reservoir, F1 063;S1 063
1 mi Son BLM Rd 1805

*Species abbreviations: Ambystoma macrodactylum AMMA;
Chrysemys picta CHPI; Coluber constrictor COCO; Crotalus
triseriata PSTR; Rana catesbeiana RACA; Rana luteiventris
elegans THEL; Thamnophis sirtalis THSI; Trionyx spiniferus

Ambystoma tigrinum AMTI; Ascaphus true! ASTR; Bufo boreas BUBO; Bufo woodhousii BUWO; Charina bottae CHBO;
viridis CRVI; Lampropeltis triangulum LATR; Phrynosoma hernandesi PHHE; Pituophis catenifer PICA; Pseudacris
RALU (=Rana pretiosa RAPR); Rana pipiens RAPI; Sceloporus graciosus SCGR; Spea bombifrons SPBO; Thamnophis
TRSP.

38

Appendix 1. S urvey sites within the Dillon and Headwaters districts with location and species information 1996 - 1998.

wTi^-^nri— ^ ;_ — ^.—r -: — r^:r~-

.- _— ___

^ma^mm-—

—.— -=7S«

i^Ka^

iaa^a^

SKmxmm^^

i^rm^^^^^m

BHHia

m^mr-^ —■ -

'— ,~

SURVEY COUNTY

TR

^ s

Q

SPEC

Br

MO IDA^

_Y_R

START MIN ELEV

so m

Y/h

IVIT980126 Beaverhead

0148011 W

25

SE

THEL

7

15

1998

1700

60

7036

6000

Y

MT980143 Beaverhead

015S004W

6

NW

RALU,
THEL

7

22

1998

1530

70

7134

4600

Y

MT960063 DeerLodge

001N013W

18

BUBO,
RALU

7

19

1996

1030

60

5580

60000

Y

MT960018 DeerLodge

001N014W

24

N2SE

BUBO,
RALU

7

10

1996

1115

60

5970

25000

Y

MT960019 DeerLodge

001N014W

26

NENW

RALU

7

10

1996

1307

20

5890

2100

Y

MT960004 Jefferson

005N004W

8

NE

BUBO,
RALU

8

1996

4950

Y

MT970111 Lewis&Clark

014N006W

7

RALU

4

22

1997

1230

70

5085

1500

Y

MT960062 Madison

003S009W

26

W2

CRVI,
THEL

7

23

1996

1030

90

1440000

Y

MT960003 Madison

005S008W

3

NW

CHPI

7

23

1996

1515 105

4760

65000

Y

MT960060 Madison

007S002W

8

NW4

RALU,

7

12

1996

1100 150

7250

1

Y

THEL

MT960061 Madison

007S004W

7

SE4

THEL

7

12

1996

1510 140

5708

100000

Y

MT970116 Madison 005S002E 24 SWSE BUBO, 7 21 1997

RALU

MT960017 SilverBow 001N012W 10 NESE RALU, 7 10 1996

THEL

MT960006 SilverBow 001N012W 3 SESW RALU, 7 10 1996

THEL

MT960058 Beaverhead 001 SOI OW 13 NE4 7 25 1996

MT960478 Beaverhead 002N015W 7 SE 9 1 1996

MT961344 Beaverhead 007S009W 35 5 26 1996

Cabin Creek on Cty Rd 257, 19

mi SW of Dell

W Fk of Price Creek beaver

pond, 3 mi S on BLM Rd 1805

Big Hole R. ca. 16 mi N of

Wisdom

Pond off middle Big Hole River

Pond on middle Big Hole River

"Chinese Diggins" S of Boulder

on Little Boulder R

Willow Creek beaver ponds

Big Hole R & backwater areas

near Browne's Br

Bighole River, Notch Bottom

AxolotI Lake (northern most) &

assoc. ponds

Warm Spring ponds ca. 400 m

above Ruby R Reservoir

1030 60 7920 38000 Y Spanish Peaks section 24 lake.

COMMENTS

F1045;S1045
F1062;S1062

Blasted potholes (-1993) in
natural wetlands.

The fish & dragonflies at these
ponds are very different - have
rust/red coloration to them. Fish
look like guppies (Pocoelidae
family?)

1435 20 5700
1405 20 5740

3500 Y Dicky Bridge Pond

MT960050 Beaverhead 008S011W 5

MT960046 Beaverhead 013S010W 36 NW

7 10 1996

350 Y East Bank Campgrounds,
Bighole R
1235 75 5500 240000 N Divide Bridge Campground area Sawmill Gulch

1300 60 8410 15000 N Sawed Cabin Lake

N Poindexter Slough on
Beaverhead River
1110 80 5775 400000 N Bannack St Park & vicinity

No herps observed.

Seasonal worker, S. Larsen, said
they occ. have rattlesnakes.
Cindy Staszak - Pk manager
834-3413 can confirm.

7 7 1996 1130 60 6345 12000 N Big Sheep Creek

*Species abbreviations: Ambystoma macrodactylum AMMA; Ambystoma tigrinum AMTI; Ascaphus truei ASTR; Bufo boreas BUBO; Bufo woodhousii BUWO; Charina bottae CHBO;
Chrysemys picta CHPI; Coluber constrictor COCO; Crotalus viridis CRVI; Lampropeltis triangulum LATR; Phrynosoma hernandesi PHHE; Pituophis catenifer PICA; Pseudacris
triseriata PSTR; Rana catesbeiana RACA; Rana luteiventris RALU (=Rana pretiosa RAPR); Rana pipiens RAPI; Sceloporus graciosus SCGR; Spea bombifrons SPBO; Thamnophis
elegans THEL; Thamnophis sirtalis THSI; Trionyx spiniferus TRSP.

39

Appendix 1 . Survey sites within the Dillon and Headwaters districts with location and species information 1996 - 1998.

SURVEY COUNTY

Q SPEC MO DA YR START M N ELEV SO m Y/N S TE

IV1T960055 Beaverhead 013S010W 36 NW4

MT961337 Beaverhead 014S001W 21

MT961343 Beaverhead 014S004W 19

MT970011 Madison 002S003W 22

MT980145 Beaverhead 007S006W 12 NE

MT980146 Beaverhead 009S005W 4 NE

MT980130 Beaverhead 009S014W 28 NW

MT980118 Beaverhead 010S013W 4 NE

MT980122 Beaverhead Oil SOI 2W 33 SE

MT980123 Beaverhead Oil SOI 2W 33 SW

MT980091 Beaverhead 012S006W 35 NE

MT980127 Beaverhead 012S008W 2 NW

MT980129 Beaverhead 012S008W 12 SE

MT980139 Beaverhead 013S001W 35 N2

7 21 1996 1030 90 6560 1280000 N Rattlesnake Ck past Argenta

5 24 1996

5 26 1996
5 29 1997

7 15 1998

6 13 1998

7 16 1998
7 16 1998
7 21 1998

1145 60 6800 1500 N

1210 50

1645 45

1130 60

1600 85

1145 45

Red Rocks Lake NWR, beaver

ponds on S shore of Upper Red

Rock Lake

Breached irrigation dam area

along Red Rock Pass Rd.

Cataract Creek above Cataract

Reservoir

7 24 1998 1100 90 7806 6300 N

7 24 1998 1415 75 5838 4920 N

7 13 1998 1340 70 6986 4750 N

7 13 1998 1115 75 6101 58800 N

7 15 1998 1045 45 6757 1500 N

6724 7200

7200 7150

6527 17500

6576 5400

6658 1440000

Cottonwood Creek headwaters

1 mi N (above) Cottonwood

Creek Rd

Sweetwater Creek, 9 mi S of F1 065;S1 065

Ruby Reservoir on Cottonwood

Creek Rd

Station Creek by Horse Prairie F1 049;S1 049

Guard Station, 2 mi NW of Cty

Rd 181

Rape Creek Reservoir off Cty Rd F1 037;S1 037

324, 1 7 mi W of Clark Canyon

Reservoir

Lake Canyon Creek & Spring, 3 F1 041 ;S1 041

mi W of Cty Rd 257, 11 mi S of

Cty Rd 324

Swartz Creek, 4 mi W of Cty Rd F1 042;S1 042

257, 11 mi S of Cty Rd 324

W Fork of Blacktail Deer Creek, F1 001 ;S1 001

8 mi N of Lima Reservoir

Sage Creek off Sage Creek Rd, F1 046;S1 046

14 mi NE of Dell

Little Sage Creek, 2 mi E of F1 048;S1 048

Sage Creek Rd, 14 mi NE of Dell

Sand dunes on NW side of F1058;S1058

Refuge along N side Rd (Cty Rd

268)

COMMENTS

Searched along bank (some
water in lower stretches) and on
hillsides. Rattlesnake country
but none found.
No herps found.

No species found.

also checked 50 m of Res.
shoreline, no emergent or
aquatic veg. present - very
sterile, no herps seen.
F1064;S1064

*Species abbreviations: Ambystoma macrodactylum AMMA; Ambystoma tigrinum AMTI; Ascaphus truei ASTR; Bufo boreas BUBO; Bufo woodhousii BUWO; Charina bottae CHBO;
Chrysemys picta CHPI; Coluber constrictor COCO; Crotalus viridis CRVI; Lampropeltis triangulum LATR; Phrynosoma hernandesi PHHE; Pituophis catenifer PICA; Pseudacris
triseriata PSTR; Rana catesbeiana RACA; Rana luteiventris RALU (=Rana pretiosa RAPR); Rana pipiens RAPI; Sceloporus graciosus SCGR; Spea bombifrons SPBO; Thamnophis
elegans THEL; Thamnophis sirtalis THSI; Trionyx spiniferus TRSP.

40

Appendix 1. S urvey sites within the Dillon and Headwaters districts with location and species information 1996 - 1998.

SURVEY COUNTY

Q SPEC MO DA YR START MIN ELEV SO m Y/N SITE

COMMENTS

MT980141 Beaverhead 013S002W 23 NW

MT980132 Beaverhead 014S005W 23 NW

MT980131 Beaverhead 014S006W 15 NE

MT960023 Broadwater 004N003E 6 NESE

MT960024 Broadwater 004N003E 6 SE

MT960025 Broadwater 004N003E 6 SE

MT960022 Broadwater 010N002E 35 NWSW

MT9701 13 Gallatin 002S004E 35NWNW

MT970112 Gallatin

004S004E 5 NENE

MT960021 Lewis&Clark 010N002E 19 SE

MT960020 Lewis&Clark 011N002W 13 SW
MT970009 Madison

MT9801 17 Madison 003S007W 16 S2

7 21 1998

8 1998

8 1998

8 1996

8 1996

8 1996

2 1996

7 21 1997

7 21 1997

7 12 1996

7 12 1996

5 30 1997

7 3 1998

1700 90 6691

1450 70 6616

1115 105 6593

1215 60 3850

1100 45 3950

1020 25 3930

1330 25 4580

1630 60 4810

1800 45 5180

1245 20 4260

1106 30 3650

1100 100

1230 90 5182

800

20000

4000

160000

225000

17100

4800

10500
3600

3500

12500

4875

3600 N

Sand dunes on Sec 23, 1 mi N of F1060;S1060

North side Rd (Cty Rd 268)

Mud Lake, 300 m N of Red Rock F1 051 ;S1 051

Pass Rd (Cty Rd201)

Lima Reservoir N of Lima Cove, F1050;S1050

4 mi N of Red Rock Pass Rd

(Cty Rd 201 )

Big Springs S of Toston

Overflow pond off irrigation canal Little aquatic invertebrate life;

N of Toston Dam

apparently recently flooded via
overflow from canal.

Ponds in gravel pit N of Toston

Dam

Beaver ponds - Lower

Confederate Gulch

Axtell Bridge on Gallatin River

ca. 2 mi S of Bozeman Hot

Springs

Gallatin River 5 mi S of Gallatin

Gateway

Lower White Gulch

Mouth of Trout Creek

Ruby Res., East Side

Rochester Creek, 5 mi W of Twin F1 036;S01 36

Bridges

*Species abbreviations: Ambystoma macrodactylum AMMA; Ambystoma tigrinum AMTI; Ascaphus truei ASTR; Bufo boreas BUBO; Bufo woodhousii BUWO; Charina bottae CHBO;
Chrysemys picta CHPI; Coluber constrictor COCO; Crotalus viridis CRVI; Lampropeltis triangulum LATR; Phrynosoma hernandesi PHHE; Pituophis catenifer PICA; Pseudacris
triseriata PSTR; Rana catesbeiana RACA; Rana luteiventris RALU (=Rana pretiosa RAPR); Rana pipiens RAPI; Sceloporus graciosus SCGR; Spea bombifrons SPBO; Thamnophis
elegans THEL; Thamnophis sirtalis THSI; Trionyx spiniferus TRSP.

41

APPENDIX 2.

Amphibians and reptile

survey sites in the

in the Dillon and Headwaters Districts

and the Red Rock Lakes.

1994-1995

37

Appendix 2. Survey sites within the Dillon and Headwaters di stric ts with |ocatiorT^ an^ species informaj|on 1994^jl995.

'SURVEY QQUNTY

1T950515 Beaverhead 004S009W 30

1T950520 Beaverhead 005S010W 9

1T950528 Beaverhead 005S010W 7

1T950526 Beaverhead 005S011W 1

SPEC MO DA YEAB START MIN ELEV SQ m Y/fsLSiTE,

COMMENTS

RALU 7 20 1995

RALU 7 21 1995

RALU 7 21 1995

RALU 7 21 1995

MT950534

Beaverhead

005S011W

1

RALU

7

21

1995

MT950556

Beaverhead

005S011W

3

AMMA,
BUBO,
RALU

7

29

1995

MT950559

Beaverhead

005S011W

3

BUBO,
RALU

7

29

1995

MT950121

Broadwater

005N005E

6

N2

RALU

5

17

1995

1425

10

5760

MT950141

Broadwater

006N001W

17

N

RALU

5

29

1995

1645

75

5430

MT950108

Broadwater

006N002E

21

NW

CHPI

5

9

1995

1532

13

3850

MT950117

Broadwater

006N004E

34

NE

RAPI

5

17

1995

1500

80

5380

MT950366

Broadwater

010N002E

9

NWNE

RALU,
THEL

7

12

1995

1538

42

5720

MT950367

Broadwater

011N001E

20

NESE

RALU

7

12

1995

1025

21

4600

MT950369

Broadwater

011N002E

9

SWNE

RALU

7

12

1995

1230

25

5440

MT950684

Jefferson

007N006W

20

SW

AMMA,
RALU

9

6

1995

1100

30

7100

MT950113

Jefferson

008N002W

8

NW

AMMA,
RALU

5

15

1995

1050

60

5080

MT950114

Jefferson

008N002W

20

NE

AMMA,
RALU

5

15

1995

1310

30

5760

MT950127

Jefferson

008N004W

5

SW

AMMA,
RALU

5

20

1995

1105

10

5640

MT950130

Jefferson

008N005W

13

NWSE

RALU

5

20

1995

1220

10

6540

MT950132

Jefferson

008N005W

13

NWSE

AMMA,

5

20

1995

1250

50

6540

Y Confluence of Birch Creek and Big
Hole River

Y Pond by cabin; 0.3 mi N of
confluence of Thief and Birch
Creeks

Y 30 m N of Thief Creek, 0.9 mi SW
of Middle Mtn

Y Dinner Station Campground, marsh
on Birch Cr. (SE 0.75 mile from
Deerhead L.)

Y Dinner Station Stream/marsh

Y Small Creek between Lily Lake and
Birch Cr.

Y Lily Lake

Y Big Belt Mtns; upper pond on Dry
Creek

Y South Fork Crow Creek

Y Deepdale fishing access

Y Big Belt Mtns, upper Dry Creek
beaver complex.

Y Lake off of Springs Gulch, Big Belt
Mtns

Y Middle Magpie Creek Beaver Pond,
Big Belt Mtns

Y Avalanche Creek at Narytime
Gulch, Big Belt Mtns

Y Cliff Lake, Red Rock Drainage

Y Mill Creek headwaters

Y Upper Willard Creek

UTM 5118800N 488600E

UTf
UTf
UTf

5124900N 442000E
5123500N 462300E
5120000N 484000E

UTf
UTf
UTf

Y Old beaver pond in upper Corral
Gulch.

Y Smaller pond just below Park Lake UT

Y Large pond just below Park Lake UT

5146500N 432400E

5142800N 432600E

5146400N 412800E

5143700N 410100E
5143700N 410000E.

*Species abbreviations: Ambystoma macrodactylum AMMA; Ambystoma tigrinum AMTI; Ascaphus truei ASTR; Bufo boreas BUBO; Bufo woodhousii BUWO; Charirna bottae
CHBO; Chrysemys picta CHPI; Coluber coristrictor COCO; Crotalus viridis CRVI; Lampropeltis triarngulum LATR; Phrynosoma herrnaridesi PHHE; Pituophis catenifer PICA;
Pseudacris triseriata PSTR; Rarna catesbeiarna RACA; Rarna luteiventris RALU (=Rana pretiosa RAPR); Rarna pipieris RAPI; Sceloporus graciosus SCGR; Spea bombifrons SPBO;
Thamrnophis elegans THEL; Thamrnophis sirtalis THSI; Trionyx spiriiferus TRSP.

43

Appendix 2. Survey sites within the Dillon and Headwaters di stric ts with |ocatiorT^an^ species informajion 1994^jl995.

ISURVEY COUNTY

SPEC MO DA YEAR START MIN ELEV SO m Y/N SITE

COMMENTS

RALU

MT940428

Lewis&Clark

015N007W

32

SE

RALU

5

22

1994

1500

60

4757

MT950126

Lewis&Clark

008N005W

2

RALU

5

20

1995

1500

25

6080

MT950128

Lewis&Clark

009N005W

34

SWSE AMMA,

5

20

1995

1550

30

5880

RALU

MT950359

Lewis&Clark

010N006W

1

SW

AMMA,
RALU

7

11

1995

1525

15

5180

MT950356

Lewis&Clark

011N006W

28

SE

AMMA,
RALU

7

11

1995

420

15

5840

MT950357

Lewis&Clark

011N006W

16

NE

AMMA,
RALU,
BUBO

7

11

1995

1700

45

6040

MT950653

Lewis&Clark

013N007W

8

NESE

RALU

8

31

1995

1840

10

5840

MT950819

Lincoln

014N008W

6

SE

RALU

8

31

1995

1500

15

4747

MT950663

SilverBow

001N012W

13

SW

RALU,
THEL

9

2

1995

1330

60

5690

MT950516

Beaverhead

005S010W

23

7

20

1995

MT950517

Beaverhead

005S010W

16

7

20

1995

MT950529

Beaverhead

005S010W

7

7

21

1995

MT950549

Beaverhead

005S011W

6

7

27

1995

MT950550

Beaverhead

005S011W

6

7

27

1995

MT950552

Beaverhead

005S011W

8

7

27

1995

MT950560

Beaverhead

005S011W

4

7

29

1995

MT950142

Broadwater

006N001W

26

5

29

1995

1500

65

4960

MT950143

Broadwater

006N001W

27

sw

5

29

1995

1430

15

5440

MT950122

Broadwater

007N002E

30

NW

5

17

1995

1020

35

3810

MT950145

Broadwater

007N002E

30

5

29

1995

1030

10

3800

MT950119

Broadwater

007N004W

27

SENW

5

17

1995

1130

10

4780

Hwy 200 ca. 10 mi E of Lincoln

Y Pond 0.5 mi. W of Chessman UTM 51471 OON 407600E
Reservoir.

Y Old beaver pond on tributary of UTM 5148500N 406700E
Beaver Creek

Y Ponds on Austin Creek

Y Beaver ponds, Meadow Creek

Y Dog Creek beaver ponds

Y Poorman Creek, before road leaves
creek

800 Y Pond off road - Sucker Creek

Y 5 mile WNW of Wise River

N Confluence of Canyon Gulch and No herps found.

Birch Creek
N Confluence of Armstrong Gulch and No herps observed.

Meyers Gulch
N 3 km E of head of Thief Creek No herps observed.

N Anchor Lake No herps observed.

N Chan Lake No herps observed.

N Tub Lake No herps observed.

N Boot Lake No herps observed.

N Slim Sam Creek beaver complex No herps seen; UTM 51 21 GOON

445800E
N Norris Gulch No herps seen; UTM 51 20800N

444700E
N Indian Road Recreation area. No herps seen; UTM 5131000N

459200W
N Pond S of Indian Road Recreation No herps seen; UTM 51 31 OON

area. 459500E

N Small pond opposite Deep Creek, No herps seen; UTM 51 30800N

*Species abbreviations: Ambystoma macrodactylum AMMA; Ambystoma tigrinum AMTI; Ascaphus truei ASTR; Bufo boreas BUBO; Bufo woodhousii BUWO; Charina bottae
CHBO; Chrysemys picta CHPI; Coluber constrictor COCO; Crotalus viridis CRVI; Lampropeltis triangulum LATR; Phrynosoma hernandesi PHHE; Pituophis catenifer PICA;
Pseudacris triseriata PSTR; Rana catesbeiana RACA; Rana luteiventris RALU (=Rana pretiosa RAPR); Rana pipiens RAPI; Sceloporus graciosus SCGR; Spea bombifrons SPBO;
Thamnophis elegans THEL; Thamnophis sirtalis THSI; Trionyx spiniferus TRSP.

44

Appendix 2. Survey sites witliin tine Dillon and Headwaters districts with location and species information 1994 - 1995.

SURVEY COUNTY

Q SPEC MO DA YEAR START MIN ELEV SO m Y/N glTE^

COMMENTS

MT950120

MT950118

MT950364

MT950144

MT940427

MT950368
MT950651
MT950656

Broadwater

Broadwater

Broadwater

Jefferson

Lewis&Clark

Lewis&Clark
Lewis&Clark
Lewis&Clark

007N004W 26 SWSE

007N005E 21 NENW

011N001E 4 NE

006N002W 26 NWNE

014N007W 7 NW

011N001E 30 NWSE

013N007W 8 SE

014N006W 3 SW

Big Belt Mtns 483700E

N NE of Deep Creek Picnic area, Big No herps seen; UTM 5130200N

Belt Mtns 485400E

N Castle Fork Deep Creek, Big Belt No herps seen; UTM 51 33700N

Mtns. 491600E

N Upper Magpie Gulch pond, Big Belt No herps found.

Mtns

N Two Sam Spring No herps seen; UTM 51 221 SON

437300E

5 22 1994 1630 60 4740 1800 N 7-Up Pete proposed gold mine on Temporary pond.

Hwy 200 ca. 10 mi E of Lincoln

7 12 1995 955 5 4360 N Lower Magpie Pond, Big Belt Mtns No herps seen.

8 31 1995 1825 10 5720 N Poorman Creek No herps observed
8 31 1995 1020 20 5548 N Willow Creek No herps found.

5 17 1995 1210 20 4880

5 17 1995 1300 20 5500

7 12 1995 1115 10 5200

5 29 1995 1315 10 7000

*Species abbreviations: Ambystoma macrodactylum AMMA; Ambystoma tigrinum AMTI; Ascaphus truei ASTR; Bufo boreas BUBO; Bufo woodhousii BUWO; Charina bottae
CHBO; Chrysemys picta CHPI; Coluber constrictor COCO; Crotalus viridis CRVI; Lampropeltis triangulum LATR; Phrynosoma hernandesi PHHE; Pituophis catenifer PICA;
Pseudacris triseriata PSTR; Rana catesbeiana RACA; Rana luteiventris RALU (=Rana pretiosa RAPR); Rana pipiens RAPI; Sceloporus graciosus SCGR; Spea bombifrons SPBO;
Thamnophis elegans THEL; Thamnophis sirtalis THSI; Trionyx spiniferus TRSP.

45

APPENDIX 3.

Mapped records of

amphibians and reptiles

in the Dillon and Headwaters Districts

and the Red Rock Lakes

38

Amphibian and Reptile Survey Locations, 1 996-1 998

Dillon & Headwaters Resource Areas, and Red Rock Lakes NWR

10 20 30

^^

Y/// ///A

Scale in Miles

BLM Lands
USFWS Areas

Montana Natural Heritage Program, December 21 , 1 998

Observations of Ambystoma macrodactylum

Dillon & Headwaters Resource Areas, and Red Rock Lakes NWR

▼ 1996-1998 records
^ Pre-1 996 records
'iJ^ Museum collections

10 20 30

r-^-'^47Z7J

Tm^

Scale in Miles

BLM Lands
USFWS Areas

Montana Natural Heritage Program, December 21 , 1 998

Observations of Ambystoma tigrinum

Dillon & Headwaters Resource Areas, and Red Rock Lakes NWR

▼ 1996-1998 records
^ Pre-1 996 records
>X Museum collections

w^'^^

10 20 30

V//////A

Scale in Miles

BLM Lands
USFWS Areas

Montana Natural Heritage Program, December 21 , 1 998

Observations of Ascaphus truei

Dillon & Headwaters Resource Areas, and Red Rock Lakes NWR

▼ 1996-1998 records
^ Pre- 1996 records

10 20 30

W\zzA

~y7^^^

Scale in Miles

BLM Lands
USFWS Areas

*

'^ ^ Museum collections

Montana Natural Heritage Program, December 21 , 1 998

Observations of Bufo boreas

Dillon & Headwaters Resource Areas, and Red Rock Lakes NWR

1996-1998 records
Pre- 1996 records
Museum collections

10 20 30
Scale in Miles

n BLM Lands
IS3 USFWS Areas

Montana Natural Heritage Program, December 21 , 1 998

Observations of Pseudacris triseriata

Dillon & Headwaters Resource Areas, and Red Rock Lakes NWR

▼ 1996-1 998 records
<S> Pre- 1996 records
Museum collections

10 20 30

^a:

V//////A

Scale in Miles

_ , ; BLM Lands
fcSl USFWS Areas

Montana Natural Heritage Program, December 21 , 1 998

Observations of Spea bombifrons

Dillon & Headwaters Resource Areas, and Red Rock Lakes NWR

1996-1998 records
Pre-1 996 records
Museum collections

^^

10 20 30

y//////A

Scale in Miles

BLM Lands
USFWS Areas

Montana Natural Heritage Program, December 21 , 1 998

Observations of Rana catesbeiana

Dillon & Headwaters Resource Areas, and Red Rock Lakes NWR

▼ 1996-1998 records
<S> Pre-1 996 records
"0~ Museum collections

W^ ^

10 20 30

Y/ //// /A

Scale in Miles

BLM Lands

^M USFWS Areas

Montana Natural Heritage Program, December 21 , 1 998

Observations of Rana pipiens

Dillon & Headwaters Resource Areas, and Red Rock Lakes NWR

*

1996-1998 records
Pre- 19 96 records
Museum collections

10 20 30

V//////A

Scale in Miles

BLM Lands
USFWS Areas

Montana Natural Heritage Program, December 21 , 1 998

Observations of Rana luteiventris

Dillon & Headwaters Resource Areas, and Red Rock Lakes NWR

▼ 1996-1998 records
<S> Pre-1 996 records
-iSt Museum collections

10 20 30

Scale in Miles

BLM Lands
USFWS Areas

Montana Natural Heritage Program, December 21 , 1 998

Observations of Phrynosoma hernandesi

Dillon & Headwaters Resource Areas, and Red Rock Lakes NWR

1996-1998 records
Pre- 1996 records
Museum collections

10 20

30

Scale in Miles

BLM Lands
J USFWS Areas

Montana Natural Heritage Program, December 21 , 1 998

Observations of Sceloporus graciosus

Dillon & Headwaters Resource Areas, and Red Rock Lakes NWR

1996-1998 records
Pre- 1996 records
Museum collections

10

20 30

Scale in Miles

BLM Lands
USFWS Areas

Montana Natural Heritage Program, December 21 , 1 998

Observations of Chrysemys picta

Dillon & Headwaters Resource Areas, and Red Rock Lakes NWR

1996-1998 records
Pre-1 996 records
Museum collections

10 20 30

^^S-

IW^

Scale in Miles

BLM Lands
USFWS Areas

Montana Natural Heritage Program, December 21 , 1 998

Observations of Trionyx splniferus

Dillon & Headwaters Resource Areas, and Red Rock Lakes NWR

1996-1998 records
Pre-1 996 records
Museum collections

10 20 30
Scale in Miles

BLM Lands
USFWS Areas

Montana Natural Heritage Program, December 21 , 1 998

Observations of Charina bottae

Dillon & Headwaters Resource Areas, and Red Rock Lakes NWR

1996-1998 records
Pre- 1996 records
Museum collections

10 20 30

W^yrA

V//////A

Scale in Miles

BLM Lands
USFWS Areas

Montana Natural Heritage Program, December 21 , 1 998

Observations of Coluber constrictor

Dillon & Headwaters Resource Areas, and Red Rock Lakes NWR

▼ 1996-1998 records
<S> Pre- 19 96 records
-\^ Museum collections

10

20 30

Scale in Miles

BLM Lands
USFWS Areas

Montana Natural Heritage Program, December 21 , 1 998

Observations of Lampropeltis triangulum

Dillon & Headwaters Resource Areas, and Red Rock Lakes NWR

▼ 1996-1998 records
^ Pre- 1996 records
TX Museum collections

10 20 30

Scale in Miles

BLM Lands
USFWS Areas

Montana Natural Heritage Program, December 21 , 1 998

Observations of Pituophis catenifer

Dillon & Headwaters Resource Areas, and Red Rock Lakes NWR

*

1996-1998 records
Pre-1 996 records
Museum collections

10 20 30
Scale in Miles

BLM Lands
USFWS Areas

Montana Natural Heritage Program, December 21 , 1 998

Observations of Crotalus viridis

Dillon & Headwaters Resource Areas, and Red Rock Lakes NWR

1996-1998 records
Pre-1 996 records
Museum collections

10 20 30

V^^^yy^

V//////A

Scale in Miles

BLM Lands
USFWS Areas

Montana Natural Heritage Program, December 21 , 1 998

Observations of Thamnophis sirtalis

Dillon & Headwaters Resource Areas, and Red Rock Lakes NWR

▼ 1996-1998 records
<^ Pre- 1996 records
-yJ: Museum collections

10 20 30

^^

IM^

Scale in Miles

BLM Lands
USFWS Areas

Montana Natural Heritage Program, December 21 , 1 998

Observations of Thamnophis elegans

Dillon & Headwaters Resource Areas, and Red Rock Lakes NWR

▼ 1996-1998 records
'^ Pre-1 996 records
Tr< Museum collections

10 20 30
Scale in iVIiles

BLM Lands
USFWS Areas

Montana Natural Heritage Program, December 21 , 1 998