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ROYAL BOTANIC GARDENS, KEW.

= CATALOGUE

OF

PORTRAITS OF BOTANISTS

EXHIBITED IN THE MUSEUMS
THE ROYAL BOTANIC cn.

JAMES D. MILNER,

Clerk and Acting Assistunt Keeper and Secretary,
National Portrait Gallery.

hE 5 LONDON: ; Be
SOLD AT THE ROYAL BOTANIC GARDENS, KEW. Sag
PRINTED FOR HIS MAJESTY’S STATIONERY OFFICE,
By DARLING & SON, LTp., 34-40, Bacon STREETS, E.

UNITED STATES
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
LIBRARY

Book NUMBER 452.6
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ROYAL BOTANIC GARDENS, KEW.

CATALOGUE

OF

PORTRATIS OF BOTANISTS
EXHIBITED IN THE MUSEUMS

- ‘HE ROYAL BOTANIC GARDENS,

JAMES D. MILNER,

Clerk and Acting Assistant Keeper and Secretary,
National Portrait Gallery.

8 LONDON:
SOLD AT THE ROYAL BOTANIC GARDENS, KEW.
PRINTED FOR HIS MAJESTY’S STATIONERY OFFICE,
By DARLING & SON, Lrp., 34-40, BACON STREET, E.

1906.
Price Fivepence.

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ROYAL BOTANIC GARDENS, KEW.

CATALOGUE

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PORTRAITS OF BOTANISTS

EXHIBITED IN THE MUSEUMS
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JAMES D. MILNER,

Clerk and Acting Assistant Keeper and Secretary,
National Portrait Gallery.

LONDON:
SOLD AT THE ROYAL BOTANIC GARDENS, KEW.
PRINTED FOR HIS MAJESTY’S STATIONERY OFFICE,
By DARLING & SON, LTp., 34-40, BACON STREET, BE.

1906.
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PREFACE.

THE collection of portraits of botanists at Kew is probably
unique. It has always been regarded with much interest by
visitors to the establishment, especially by those from the Colonies,
and the interest to which it appeals is varied: it may be historical
asin the case of the men who were pioneers in the scientific
exploration of our Indian and Colonial possessions ; or literary in
respect to the great founders of different branches of botanical
science; or scientific in regard to the men who have in more
recent times conspicuously advanced its progress.

The history of the collection is brief. It was commenced in
the early part of the last century by Sir William Hooker, when
Regius Professor of Botany in the University of Glasgow. In
1841 he was appointed the first Director of the Royal Botanic
Gardens on their becoming a national establishment. He brought
the collection with him. The following account is given of it
in a memorandum which he drew up shortly before his deat
in 1865 :—

“Of Portraits of Botanists mine is the only extensive collec-
tion and it is very valuable. It consists of 17 Chalk Drawings,
chiefly by MacNee, of Glasgow, a few Oil Paintings and Minia-
tures, numerous engravings, lithographs, silhouettes, &c., of
distinguished Botanists, also some Bronze and other medals,
medallions, &c., amounting to about 100.

““A considerable number of Chalk Drawings having been lent
by me to the Museums of Economic Botany in the Royal

1000 Wt26971 5/16C6 D&S 29 23665 a.

iv PREFACE.

Gardens, are now suspended on the walls of the Staircase of the
new Museum. ‘They are all of public interest in a scientific
point of view, and their value can be easily ascertained. PF
desire that they should be offered for purchase to Her Majesty’s
Government.”

The Government eventually decided to purchase it for Kew
with the rest of Sir William Hooker’s collections. Provision was
made in a supplementary estimate for 1866-7. The sum given
was £1000, but the actual collection purchased appears to
have been larger than that indicated in Sir William Hooker’s
memorandum.

It has since been added to by occasional purchases. But the
main increase has been by gifts and bequests. This alone is
sufficient evidence of the appreciation of the collection by the
intelligent public, or at any rate by the botanical world. It
may be noted that as far as available the portraits are cited in
Britten and Boulger’s Biographical Index of British and Irish
Botanists.

When the collection was small it was easily displayed on the
walls of the old staircase of the principal Museum (No.I.). But
as it grew somewhat indiscriminately it overflowed to adjoining
walls and ultimately to other buildings. It became obvious that
this could not be continued indefinitely. It was therefore decided
to divide it into an exhibited series and one which could be
readily consulted in the library. In each case the portraits are
as far as possible mounted on a uniform plan and arranged
alphabetically; in the latter they are kept in portfolios.

In 1904, with a view to the preparation of the present catalogue,
the exhibited collection was carefully revised. Regard was had,
in this, to the relative eminence of the persons represented and
in some degree to the artistic merit of the portraits themselves.
Those, however, of men who had had historic or close personui
relations with the establishment were, as far as possible, included.

PREFACE. V

The crayon portraits executed for Sir William Hooker by
Sir Daniel Macnee in his youth are of exceptional interest.
They represent the very remarkable group of men who, largely
under the influence of Sir William Hooker, laid the foundation
of the botanical traditions of modern Kew.

By the kind permission of Lionel Cust, Esq., M.V.O., F.S.A.,
Director of the National Portrait Gallery, the present catalogue
has been drawn up by Mr. James D. Milner, the Clerk and Acting
Assistant Keeper and Secretary, in his leisure time. Not merely has
it had the advantage of being prepared by a practised hand, but
the form and method adopted enable it to take its place beside
those of other collections.

Mr. Milner, in executing his task, has bestowed upon it an
amount of pains and research which goes far beyond anything
which could have been demanded of him. He has made it in fact
a labour of love, and I am persuaded that the result will be found,
not merely useful as a guide, but a trustworthy manual of
botanical biographies.

It has had the further advantage of being read in proof by
Mr. Daydon Jackson, the General Secretary of the Linnean
Society, who has kindly undertaken the labour, and whose know-
ledge of the history of botanists is altogether unequalled.

The collection is shown in Museum No. I. Ii is as far as
possible arranged alphabetically, beginning on the top floor. For
the sake of completeness a few other memorials preserved else-
where are included. In these cases the building is indicated in
brackets. Those hung in the Herbarium have a special and
intimate relation with the work of that department.

W. T. THISELTON-DYER.
Krew, Marcu, 1906.

EXPLANATORY NOTE.

THE abbreviations of titles are those commonly used. The
letters F.M.R.S. and F.M.L.S. mean respectively Foreign Member
of the Royal Society and Foreign Member of the Linnean Society

The RIGHT and the LEFT always mean those of the sPECTATOR
facing the picture. The distinction his right or left (applied to
the person represented) is used with special care.

Measurements are given in the case of oil paintings and draw-
ings, but not of engravings. The measurements are those within
the frame and known as SIGHT-MEASURE. Except, when otherwise
stated, the busts in marble and plaster are life-size.

In some instances an autograph of the person represented is
exhibited with the portrait ; such cases are noted in the catalogue,
and where the autograph is only a reproduction the word facsimile,
in brackets, is added.

SS ea . PUKE SENRY. | | “AER AIST TET ER

CATALOGUE.

MicHEL ADANSON. 1727-1806.

French naturalist. Born at Aix in Provence, educated at
Plessis, and studied under Reaumur and Bernard de Jussieu.
Celebrated as the author of Histoire Naturelle du Sénégal,
1757, the rcsult of his five years’ study and observation in that
country, and in which he proposed his Universal Method, a system
of classification distinct from those of Buffon and Linnezeus,
and of Familles des Plantes, 1763. He was a member of the
Academy of Sciences and contributed to its Memoirs many
important papers on natural history. His Histoire de la
Botanique et Plan des Familles naturelles des Plantes was edited
by his son, A. Adanson, and Payer in 1864. Died at Paris. A
genus Adansonia was named after him.

Stipple engraving by Westermayr, after a bust by Cless.

Bust (in an oval) face three quarters to the left.

CarL ADOLF AGARDH. 1785-1859.

Swedish botanist. Born at Bastad, the son of a merchant, and
educated at the University of Lund, where he afterwards, in
1807, was professor of mathematics, and from 1812 to 1835 held
the professorship of botany and rural economy. Subsequently he
entered holy orders and became Bishop of Carlstadt. He
devoted his attention to cryptogamic botany, and in the following
works on alge laid the foundation of our present knowledge
of these plants—Metamorphosis — Species — Icones — Systema —
Algarum ; Dispositio algarum Suecice ; Synopsis Algarum
Scandinavia: Icones algarum Europearum. Author also of a

2

manual of botany, essays on vegetable physiology, and a life of
Linneus. Died at Carlstad. The genus Agardhia is named in his
honour,

Lithograph by O. Cardon from a drawing, 1853, by Maria Rohl.

Seated figure (in an oval) to the waist, arms folded, face three-
quarters to the right.

AUTOGRAPH (facsimile).

WILLIAM AITON. 1731-1793.

Born near Hamilton, in Scotland. Came to England in 1754,
and was employed as assistant to Philip Miller at the Physic
Garden, at Chelsea. Appointed in 1759 superintendent of the
Botanic Garden at Kew, and, after the death of George IL., of
that portion of the present Royal Botanic Gardens, then known as
Kew Gardens, which, under his care, skill and arrangement, were
greatly improved. In 1789 he published his Hortus Kewensis in
3 vols., in which 5,500 species are described and classified according
to the Linnean system. Buried at Kew. His name is commemo-
rated by the genus Aitonia.

Painting in oils, attributed to John Zoffany, R.A.

To the waist, seated at a table holding a flower in his right.
hand, in a wig and grey coat, face three-quarters to the left.

Presented, 1851, by William Attwell Smith, Esq.
Dimensions—353 ins. by 274 ins.

This portrait is stated to have been painted for Sir Joseph
Banks.

ANOTHER PORTRAIT.

Copy in oils by E. Bristow from the painting by J. Zoffany, R.A.
in the Museum.

Presented, 1898, by J. Herbert Secker, Esq. (HERBARIUM. ).

Dimensions —15} ics. by 13} ins.

3
Mes. AITITON.

’ Wife of William Aiton, superintendent of the Botanic Gardens,
at Kew.
Painting in oils by E. Bristow.
Half length, seated with her hands folded in her lap, in a blue

dress and white lace cap with blue ribbons, elderly face seen
three-quarters to the right.

Presented, 1898, by J. HerbertSecker, Esq. (HERBARIUM...)

Dimensions—154 ins. by 13} ins.

WILLIAM TOWNSEND AITON, F.L.S. 1766-1849.

Born at Kew, the son of William Aiton, at whose death, in
1793, he succeeded as superintendent of the Royal Botanic
Gardens. Assisted by Dr. Dryander, librarian to Sir Joseph
Banks, and afterwards by Dr. R. Brown, he published, in 1813,
a second edition of his father’s Hortus Kewensis, in 5 vols.
Resigned his position in 1841, when he was succeeded by Sir
W. J. Hooker. He was one of the founders of the Royal
Horticultural Society. Died at Kensington.

Lithograph by L. Poyot. |
Scated figure to the waist, face three-quarters to the left.
AUTOGRAPH. Dated, Royal Gardens, Kew, 7 Octr., 1829.

ULyssrs ALDROVANDI, M.D. 1522-1605.

Celebrated Italian naturalist. Born at Bologna and educated at.
Padua and at Bologna. Studied botany under Lucas Ghino.
Professor of natural history, of logic, and of botany at the
university of his native town, 1560. He was appointed director
of the botanic garden founded by order of the Senate,
and inspector of pharmacy. During his lifetime only four
volumes of the great work on natural history which bears his
name were published (1599-1603), the remaining ten volumes.
were printed posthumously, the last one containing his botanical |

4

works Dendrologie naturalis scilicet arborum historia libri dus
and Pomariwm Curiosum. He died at Bologna, where his MSS.
and the original paintings and drawings executed for his work,
are still to be seen in the public library. The genus Aldrovanda
commemorates his name.

Line engraving.

Bust (in an oval) in a fur-lined cloak, bearded face slightly
turned to the right.

JOSEPH ARNOLD, M.D., F.L.8. 1783 ?-1818.

Naturalist. Born at Beccles. Took his medical degree at
Edinburgh, 1807, and entered as a surgeon in the Navy, 1808. He
went out to Botany Bay in 1815, in medical charge of a convict
ship, visiting New Holland and Sumatra, in quest of specimens, on
his way home in 1816. He obtained employment with Sir
Stamford Raffles, when he was appointed Governor of Sumatra,
and discovered at Passumah the remarkable plant without stem or
leaves, named after the Governor and himself, Rafflesia Arnoldi.
He made a rich collection of shells and fossils, which he bequeathed
to the Linnean Society. Died of fever at Padang, Sumatra.

Miniature drawn in water colours in 1817 by himself.

Bust, in a black buttoned-up coat, body facing front, head
turned three-quarters to the left.

Dimensions (oval) —2} ins. by 23 ins.

Hooker Collection. Given by Mr. Arnold to Mr. Dawson
‘Turner.

G. A. WALKER-ARNOTT.
See WALKER-ARNOTT.

Joun GILBERT BAKER, F.R.S., F.L.S. 1834. Living 1906.

Born at Guisborough, Yorkshire. Appointed first assistant, 1886,
and Keeper, in 1890, of the Herbarium and Library, Royal Botanic

)

Gardens, Kew. Retired in 1899. His principal writings are on
the flora of Yorkshire and the Lake Districts, and of Madagascar,
Mauritius, and tropical Africa; ard on the ferns and petaloid
monocotyledons of the world. A genus Bakeria is named after
him.

Photograph from life.

To the waist, seated at a table examining, through a glass, the
leaves of a potted plant, face profile to the left.

Presented by the members of the Herbarium Staff of the Royal
Botanic Gardens. (HERBARIUM...)

Rt. Hon. Sir JoserpH BANKS, Bart., K.B., D.C.L., P.B.S.
1743-1820.

President of the Royal Society, 1778-1820. Born in London.
Being possessed of a considerable fortune, he proved himself a
munificent patron of science, rather than an actual worker. He
travelled far in quest of rare specimens, accompanied Lieut.
Phipps to Newfoundland in 1766, and Captain Cook in his
first voyage in 1768 to Tahiti and Australasia, and visited
Iceland in 1772. He took an active interest in the botanic garden
at Kew, of which he was virtually Director for the greater part of
his life, and assisted materially in its development. His her-
barium, library, and collections, which he left to the nation,
formed the foundation of the present Botanical Department of
the Natural History Museum. Died at Isleworth. His name is
commemorated by the genus Banksia.

Plaster cast from a bust modelled, in 1818, by Sir Francis
Chantrey, R.A.

Clean shaven face turned three-quarters to the right, neck bare.

Presented by Miss Boott, 1871.

ANOTHER PORTRAIT.
Caricature drawn and etched, in 1795, by James Gillray.
Represented as ‘“‘ The Great South Sea Caterpillar, transformed

into a Bath Butterfly.”

Purchased, 1897.

ANOTHER PORTRAIT.

Mezzotint engraving by W. Dickinson after a painting by Sir
Joshua Reynolds, P.R.A.

To the knees, seated at a table on which are a sphere and
writing materials, face three-quarters to the right.

Presented, 1890, by Frederick Wood, Esq.

ANOTHER PORTRAIT.

Line engraving, 1812, by N. Schiavonetti after the portrait by
Thomas Phillips, R.A., in the Royal Society.

To the waist, facing spectator, in the President’s chair of the
Royal Society, wearing the ribbon and star of the Bath.

ANOTHER PORTRAIT.

Mezzotint engraving by J. R. Smith after a painting by Benjamin
West, P.R.A.

Whole length, in Otaheitan dress, standing facing spectator.

Hooker Collection.

ANOTHER PORTRAIT.
Silver Medal, head profile to right.

Awarded, 12th April, 1887, by the Royal Horticultural Society
to the Royal Gardens, Kew, for a group of New Holland plants.

ROBERT BARCLAY, F.L.S. 1757-1830.
Patron of the Botanical Magazine. The genus Barclaya was
named after him by Wallich.
Lithograph by J. D. Harding after a painting by Sir Henry
Raeburn, R.A.

To the waist, face three-quarters to the left, wearin z a butioned-
up double-breasted coat.

7

JACQUES BARRELIER. 1606-1673.

French Dominican and botanist. Born at Paris. Studied
medicine and obtained his diploma, 1634. Subsequently joined
the Dominican order and devoted his leisure hours to botany.
Travelled much through France, Spain, and Italy, making large
collections of plants, an account of which, Plante per Galliam,
Hispaniam et Italiam observate, was published by Ant. de Jussieu, at
Paris, in 1714. Lived for 23 years at Rome, where he founded a
botanic garden at the convent of S. Xyste. He returned to Paris,
in 1672, and devoted himself to the preparation of his Hortus
Mundi, seu Orbis Botanicus, which remained unfinished at his
death. He is commemorated by the genus Barleria.

Line engraving, probably after Poilly.

To the waist (in an oval) in the habit of the Dominican order,
face three-quarters to the left.

HEINRICH ANTON DE BARY, M.D. 1831-1888.

German botanist. Born at Frankfort on Main, and studied
medicine at Marburg, Heidelberg, and Berlin, graduating M.D.
in 1853. Professor of botany at Freiburg 1855, Halle 1867, and
Strassburg 1872, in succession. Distinguished for his researches in
the department of mycology, and discoveries in bacteriology.
Author of Vergleichende Anatomie der Vegetationsorgane bei den
Phanerogamen und Farnen, 1877 ; Morphologie und Physiologie
der Pilze, Flechten und Myxomyceten, 1866 ; and Vorlesungen iber
Bakiterien, 1885. His name is commemorated by Barya,a genus
of Fungi.

A. Photograph from life.

Head almost profile to left.

B. Photographie reproduction.

Bust, in a frock coat, face three-quarters to the left.
AUTOGRAPH,

8

FRANCIS BAUER, F.RBS., F.L.S. 1758-1840.

Botanic painter. Born at Feldsberg, in Austria, the elder
brother of Ferdinand Bauer, also a botanic painter. Came to
England in 1788, and was, by the liberality of Sir Joseph Banks
and with the King’s sanction, attached as draughtsman to the
Botanic Gardens at Kew, where he remained till his death. He
was exceedingly skilful and accurate in the delineation of plants.
Among his published illustrations are Delineations of Exotic
Plants cultivated in the Royal Gardens at Kew, 1796 ; Strelitzia
depicta, 1818. A monument is erected to his memory in Kew
Church. The genus Bauera was named after the brothers.

Painting in oils, artist uncertain.

Half length, seated, in a green coat, leaning on the back of his
chair and holding a three-cornered hat, face three-quarters to the
right.

Dimensions—36 ins. by 273 ins.

Hooker Collection.

JEAN GASPARD BAUHIN, M.D. 1606-1685.

Swiss physician. Born at Basle, the son of Gaspard Bauhin
and nephew of Jean Bauhin, both celebrated physicians and
botanists. Graduated M.D. at the University of his native town,
where he held for thirty years the chair of anatomy and botany,
and afterwards succeeded to that of practical medicine, a post he
retained till his death. Appointed, in 1659, physician in ordinary
to Louis XIV., with the title of Counsellor. In addition to
publishing a number of medical works, among them Dissertutio
de morborum differentiis et causis, 1670, and Dissertatio de Epilepsia,
1672, he edited in 1658 the only volume published of the Theatrum
Botanicum left unfinished by his father at his death in 1624, and
also the 2nd edition of the works of Mattioli revised by his
father. Died at Basle.

Line engraving.

Bust (in an oval) wearing a skull cap and ruff, face three-
quarters to the right.

9

WILLIAM BAXTER, A.L.S., F.R.H.S. 1788-1871.

Born at Rugby. Curator of the Oxford Botanic Garden, 1813-
1854. Writer on botany and author of British Phenogamous
Botany and Descriptions of the Genera of British Flowering
Plants, 6 vols., 1834-43 ; and Stirpes Cryptogamice Oxonienses, 1825.
Died at Oxford. The genus Baxteria was named after him.

Line and stipple engraving by J. Whessell after a drawing by A.
Burt.

To the waist, seated, leaning on the back of his chair holding a
book, face three-quarters to the left.

Presented by W. H. Baxter, Esq.

JOHN JOSEPH BENNETT, M.2.C58., F.RS., F.LS.
1801-1876.

Born at Tottenham. Fellow, and Secretary, from 1840 to
1860, of the Linnean Society. Appointed, in 1827, to the
Botanical Department of the British Museum, where he was
keeper from 1857 to 1870. Author of Plante Javanice
rariores, 1838-52. Died at Maresfield, Sussex. The genus
Bennettia and the fossil Bennettites are named in his honour.

Plaster cast from a bust modelled, 7n 1871, by H. Weekes, R.A.
Clean shaven face turned slighily to the left, neck bare.
Presented by Dr. J. E. Gray.

GEORGE BENTHAM, C.M.G, LL.D., F.BS., P.LS.
1800-1884.

Born at Stoke, near Plymouth, the nephew of Jeremy Bentham.
Produced in 1826 his first work on botany, Catalogue des Plantes
indigénes des Pyrénées et du Bas Languedoc. For a time he
devoted himself to law and logic, and, in 1827, published Outlines
of a New System of Logic. These studies he abandoned, 1832,
and eventually became one of the greatest of English systematic
botanists. A well-known work is his Handbovk to the British
Flora, 1858. His greatest achievement is his share, conjointly

(K.C.) B

10

with Sir J. D. Hooker, of the (Genera Plantarum, 3 vols.,
1862-3. Author also of Labiatarum Genera et Species, 1833-6,
Flora Australiensis, 7 vols., 1863-78, Plante Hartwegiane, 1857,
and Flora Hongkongensis, 1861. President of the Linnean
Society, 1861-74, and member of the Institute of France, 1878.
Died in London. His herbarium he gave to the Royal Botanic
Gardens, Kew. The genus Benthamia commemorates his name.

Crayon drawing by Sir Daniel Macnee, P.R.S.A.
Seated figure to the waist, turned slightly to the left. -
Dimensions—17% ins. by 132 ins,

Hooker Collection.

ANOTHER PORTRAIT.

Photogravure from the painting, 1871, by Lowes Dickinson, belong-
ing to the Linnean Society.

Half length, standing, face three-quarters to the right.
AUTOGRAPH (facsimile).

Copy in oils by E. M. Merrick from the half length portrait
painted, in 1871, by Lowes Dickinson for the Linnean Society.

Bust only, in a black coat, white hair and whiskers, face three-
quarters to the right.

Presented by a number of his friends. (HERBARIUM.)

Dimensions—264 ins. by 213 ins.

Rey. Mites Josero BERKELEY, M.A., FBS. F.LS.
1803-1889.

Born at Biggin, near Oundle, and graduated M.A. at Cambridge.
Rector of Sibbertoft, in Leicestershire, from 1868 to his death. He

11

published many papers on the fungoid diseases of plants, and de-
scribed the fungi in Sir W. Hooker’s British Flora, 1836. Author
of Decades of Fungi, 1844-56 ; Introduction to Cryptogamic Botany,
1857; Outlines of British Fungology, 1860. Editor of the
Journal of the Royal Horticultural Society 1866-1877. Died at
Sibbertoft. A genus of Fungi is named Berkeleya after him.

Reproduction from a photograph.

Seated figure to below the knees, with a microscope on the table
beside him, face three-quarters to the left.

AUTOGRAPH (facsimile).

DANIEL BERNOULGEEI, M.D., F.M.R.S. 1700-1782.

Swiss mathematician, physician, and botanist. Born at Gro-
ningen, the second son of John Bernoulli, and the most distinguished
of many eminent members of the family of that name. Educated
at Basle, and devoted himself to the study of medicine and
mathematics. M.D., 1721. Professor of mathematics at St.
Petersburg, 1725-33. Returned to Basle, where he occupied, in
succession, the chairs of anatomy and botany, and of experimental
and speculative philosophy. Fellow of the academies of St.
Petersburg and Berlin, and member of the French Academy of
Sciences and of the Royal Society. The only botanical work of
any importance he published was Positiones anatomico-botanice, 1721.
His other works, published betweeu 1730 and 1756, are concerned
with pneumatical and hydrodynamical subjects. Died at Basle.

Mezzotint engraving by J. Jacob Haid after a painting by J.
Rudolph Huter.

Half length, standing figure, in a wig and braided coat, cloak
over his right arm, face three-quarters to the right.

BASILIUS BESESER. 1561-1629.

German pharmaceutist and botanist. Born at Nuremberg, where
he practised as an apothecary and established a private botanic
garden, in which he cultivated many interesting medicinal plants,
Author of Hortus Eystettensis (published in 4 parts, folio) 1613,

(K.C.) B2

12

containing many illustrations of plants from various parts of the
world, Fasctculus rariorum et adspectu digniorum varii generis,
1616, with Continuatio, &c. 1622. Hisname is commemorated by
the genus Besleria.

Line engraving, prefixed to the Hortus Eystettensis, dated 1612.

Half length (in an oval), seated figure, in a wide ruff, holding a
plant in his left hand, bearded face three-quarters to the right.

J. J. H. pp La BILEARDIERE.
See LABILLARDIERE.

Cart Lupwic BLUME, M.D., Ph.D. 1796-1862.

German botanist. Born at Brunswick. Professor of botany
and director of the national herbarium of the Netherlands at
Leyden. He illustrated the flora of the island of Java, his
Flora Jave being an incomplete but valuable work. Author of
Rumphia, a work containing descriptions and drawings of Indian
plants and dissertations on tropical plants, 1835-48, 4 vols. Died
at Leyden. His name is commemorated by the genus Blumea.

Lithograph by P. Simonau after a drawing by J. B. Madou.

Seated figure to the waist, facing spectator, wearing star of the
order of the Lion of the Netherlands.

AUTOGRAPH (facsimile).

JACOB BOBAR®T. 1599-1680.

Born at Brunswick. Appointed in 1632 superintendent of the
Oxford Physic Garden on its foundation, by the Earl of Danby, in
that year. Published in 1648 Catalogus plantarum horti medicé
oxoniensis. Died, and was buried,at Oxford. The genus Bobartia
was named after him by Linnzus.

Line engraving by David Loggan.

Bust (in an oval) with long flowing hair and beard, face three-
quariers to the left.

13

Paoto [Syivi0o] BOCCONE. 1633-170}.

Sicilian naturalist. Born at Savona, near Genoa. Took his medical
degree at Padua, and devoied his attention to natural science, parti-
cularly to botany, and travelled through France, Holland, Germany,
and England. Botanical preceptor to Ferdinand II, Grand-Duke
of Tuscany, and professor at Padua. Entered the Cistercian order
of monks at Florence, 1682. His works are numerous and in-
clude Manifestum botanicum de plantis Siculis, dc., 1688; cones
et Descriptiones rariorum plantarum Sicilie, Melite, Gallie et Italie,
&c., 1694; Museo di piante rare della Sicilia, Malia, Corsica,
Piemonte e Germania, 1697. Died near Palermo. The genus
Bocconia is named after him.

Line engraving.

Bust (in an oval) in the habit of the Cistercian order, face three-
quarters to the right.

HERMAN BOEREAAVE,Ph.D.,M.D.,F.M.R.S. 1663-1738.

Celebrated Dutch physician and naturalist. Born at Voorhout,
near Leyden. Educated at the University of Leyden, where he
was afterwards professor of medicine and botany, 1709, rector,
1714-36, and also, from 1718, professor of chemistry. His zeal for
botany was very marked, and he did much to extend the botanic
garden at Leyden. He wasa pioneer in clinical medical instruction
and attained a high reputation throughout Europe. Author of
Institutiones Medice, 1708 ; Index plantarum que in horto academico
Lugduno-Batavo reperiun'ur, 1710-8 ; Index alter plantarum que in
horto academico Lugduno-Batavo aluntur, 1720 ; Historia plantarum
quee in horto academico Lugdunt Batavorum crescunt, 1717 ; Index
plantarum que in horto Leidens: crescunt, 1727 ; Materia Medica ;
and numerous other works on medicine and natural history. He
also edited Vaillant’s Botanicon Parisiense, 1727. Buried at
Leyden. The genus Boerhaavia commemorates his name.

Mezzotint engraving by George White.

To the waist (in an oval) in a loose cloak and white cravat, clean
shaven face three-quarters to the left.

Purchased, 1904.

14

GIUSEPPE ANTONIO BONATO. 1753-1836.

Italian botanist. Born at Padua, where he afterwards became
Professor of botany at the University and prefect of the botanic
garden. Author of a Catalogus plantarum horti patuvini, 1812 and
1820, and of treatises on fungi. Died at Padua. The genus Bonatea
was named after him.

Engraving, 1822, by M. M. Gandolji, after a drawing by Ferra-
civa,

Bust, facing spectator, hair powdered and curled like a wig.

CHARLES DE BONNET, F.M.R.S. 1720-1793.

Swiss naturalist and philosopher. Born at Geneva. Took his
degree of Doctor of Laws, and published his first work Traité
d’ Insectologie in 1745. He devoted his attention to vegetable
physiology, and in 1754 published his Recherches sur l’ Usage des
Feuilles dans les Plantes. Author also of Essai de Psychologie,
1755, and Contemplution de la Nature, 1764, and other philo-
sophical works. Member of the Academies of Sciences of Paris
and Berlin, 1783. A genus of plants is called Bonnetia in his
honour. Died at Geneva.

Stipple engraving by Ambroise Tardieu after J. Juel.

Bust (in an oval) in a wig and loose gown, facing spectator.

AIME BONPZLAND. 1773-1858.

French traveller and naturalist. Born at Rochelle, the son of a
doctor, and educated for the medical profession. Travelled with
Alexander von Humboldt, in equinoctial America, in charge of the
botanical part of the expedition, 1799-1804, when he collected
and dried some 6000 hitherto unknown plants, which he after-
wards presented to the Museum of Natural History at Paris.
Director of the gardens at Malmaison, 1805-14. In 1816 he
sailed for Buenos Ayres, and travelled for some years in
South America, settling in San Borgia, Brazil, where he died.
In conjunction with Humboldt, published Plantes Hquinowiales,
1805-18, Monographie des Mélastomacées, 1806-23, and was asso-
ciated with Baron von Humboldt in the publication of his Voyage,

|
.
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:
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io

1815. and Vue des Cordilléres, 1816. Author also of Nova
Genera et Species plantarum, 1815-25 (written by C. S. Kunth from
Bonpland’s notes). The genus Bonplandia is named in his honour.

Lithograph from a drawing, 1857, by Rudolph Hoffmann.

Bust, in an open coat, white shirt and collar, and black tie
facing spectator.

AUTOGRAPH (facsimile).

Purchased, 1893.

Francis BOOTT, M.D., F.R.S., V.P.L.8. 1792-1863.

Born at Boston, U.S.A., of British parents, and educated at
Harvard University. ‘Took his medical degree at Edinburgh,
1824, and was, for a short time, botanical lecturer at the Webb
Street School of Medicine. Author of Jllustrations of the Genus
Carex, 1858-67, and Two Lectures on Materia Medica, 1837. He
was successively Secretary, Treasurer, and Vice-President of the
Linnean Society. Died in London.

Silhouette in black and bronze, drawn on unglazed porcelain.

Bust, in a double-breasted coat with high collar and frilled
cravat, profile to right.

ANOTHER PORTRAIT,
Photograph taken late in life.

To below the knees, seated at a desk writing, face three-quarters
to the left.

WILLIAM BORRER, F.R.S., F.L.S. 1781-1862.

Born at Henfield, Sussex. Devoted himself to the study of the
botany of his own country, his knowledge of the genera Salix, Rubus
and Rosa being very great. He was not a prolific writer but con--
tributed descriptions of the Myosotis, Rosa, and nearly all of the
Rubus species for Sir W. Hooker’s British Flora, 1830, and
subsequent editions. His rich and critical herbarium. of British

16

plants is now deposited in the Royal Botanic Gardens at Kew.
A number of species are named after him. Died at Henfield.

Silhouetie drawn in 1806 on unglazed porcelain.
Bust, profile to right.
Hooker Collection. Belonged to Mr. Dawson Turner.

ANOTHER PORTRAIT.
Silhouette cut out of paper.
Bust, profile to right.
Hooker Collection.

ANOTHER PORTRAIT.
Photograph taken late in life.

To the knees, seated at a table, long white hair, clean shaven
face three-quarters to the left.

Presented, 1864, by his son, William Borrer, Esq., of Henfield.

J. F. BOUDON DE SAINT-AMANS.
See SAINT AMANS.

LOUIS ANTOINE DE BOUGAINVILLE. 1729-1811.

French military commander, and circumnavigator. Born at
Paris. Served under Montcalm in the American War, 1759.
Endeavoured in 1763 to colonise the Falkland Islands, and on his
return commanded a government expedition to circumnavigate the
globe, described in his Voyage autour du Monde, 1771-2. After-
wards he commanded a naval division in the American war of
independence. Field Marshal, and Associate of the Academy of
Sciences. Several places in the Southern hemisphere and a
neotropical genus of Nyctaginaceez are named after him.

Lithograph by Delpech after a drawing by Z. Belliard.

Bust, in a short wig, and large frilled cravat, face three-quarters
to the right.

17

EUGENE BOURGEAWU. 1813-1877.

French botanical collector. Born at Brizon, Haute Savoie.
He made extensive collections in France, Spain, the Canaries, Asia
Minor, Mexico and other countries, and was attached to Captain
Palliser’s Exploring Expedition on the Canadian Boundary,
1857-59.

Photograph from life.

To below the knees, seated at a table, in a frock coat and fancy
waistcoat, face three-quarters to the left.

JEAN BAPTISTE JOSEPH DIEUDONNE BOUSSINGAULT.
1802-1887.

French chemist and agriculturist. Born at Paris and studied in
the School of Mines of St. Etienne. Travelled with Bolivar the
Liberator through Colombia, Peru and Venezuela. On his return
he became professor of chemistry at Lyons, and in 1839, after
his election to the Academy of Sciences, held the chair of
agriculture at the Conservatory of Arts and Trades at Paris.
Principally noted for his investigations in agricultural chemistry.
Author of Economie Rurale, 1844, re-edited as Agronomie, chimie
agricole et physiologie, 1854, and translated into English, 8 vols.
1860-91.

Wood engraving by Worthington George Smith from the
Agricultural Gazette, Jan. 6th, 1879.

Bust, in a frock coat, face three-quarters to the left.

Sir Districo BRANDIS, K.C.1E., Pa.D., LL.D., F.B.S.,
F.LS., F.R.G.S. 1824. Living 1906.

Born at Bonn, the son of Dr. Brandis, professor of philosophy
at the university there. Educated at the universities of Copen-
hagen, Gétiingen and Bonn, where he was for a time lecturer on
botany. Superintendent of Forests, Pegu, 1856-64, and Inspector

18

General of Forests for India, 1864-1883 ; when he retired and
settled at Bonn. Director of the practical course of forestry on
the continent in connection with Cooper’s Hill College, 1888-96.
Author of forest Flora of N.'WV.and Central India, 1874. The
genous Brandisia is named after him.

Photograph from life.
Bust, in a frock coat, profile to left.

AUTOGRAPH.

EMIL BRETSCHNEIBER, M.D., F.8.G.S. 1833-1901.

German sinologist and physician to the Russian Legation at
Pekin. He took advantage of his official position and the special
opportunities available to devote himself to the study of Chinese
archeology, literature and natural history. Author of History
of European Botanicai Discoveries in China; On the Study and
Value of Chinese Botanical Works. Died at St. Petersburgh. The
genus Bretschneidera is named after him.

Half-tone reproduction from a photograph.

To the waist, seated, face three-quarters to the right.

WILLIAM ARNOLD BROOMFIELD, M._D., F.L.S. 1800-1851.

Naturalist, traveller, and botanist. Born at Boldre, Hampshire.
Graduated M.D. at Glasgow, 1823. Settled in 1836 at Ryde, Isle
of Wight, and spent the remainder of his life in amassing materials
for his Flora of the Isle of Wight, which was printed by Sir W. J.
Hooker and Dr. Salter under the title Flora Vectensis, 1856. His
Isle of Wight herbarium is now at Ryde and his MSS. are in the
library of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Died of cholera at
Damascus. Botanical library and general herbarium at Kew.

Lithograph by R. J. Lane, A.R.A., after a drawing by Miss
Knowles.

Bust, facing spectator.

AUTOGRAPH (facsimile).

19)

VELIX DE AVELLAR BROTERO, M.D., F.M.LS. 1744-1828.

Portuguese naturalist and botanist. Born at Santo-Antdo, near
Lisbon. Left an orphan, he was educated by the Church, but
preferring the study of natural science, betook himself to Paris
where he studied natural history and botany. He returned home
in 1790 and was appointed to the chair of botany and agriculture
at Coimbra, Director of the Royal Museum and Botanic Garden
at Lisbon, 1800, and from 1811, Professor at the University of
Lisbon. Author of Compendio Elemeniar de Botanica, 1788 ;
Flora Lusitanica. 1804; and the important work Phytographia
Lusitanica Selectior, 1816-1827, begun in 1801. He also contri-
buted papers to the Linnean Society, London, of which he was a
foreign member. Diedat Acolenade Belem. The genus Broteroa
commemorates his name.

Stipple engraving, 1843, by G. F. de Queiroz.

Bust, wearing the order of St. Benedict d’Avis hanging from
bis button hole, face three-quarters to the left.

AUTOGRAPH (facsimile).

PIERRE AvagusSTE Marir BROUSSONET, M.D.
1761-1807.

French naturalist. Born at Montpellier, and graduated M.D.
in 1778. He visited London in 1782, and on his return became
an assistant at the College of France, and was elected to the
Academy of Science. He was expatriated during the revolution
and lived at Madrid, Lisbon,and at Morocco, where he was French
Consul under the Empire. He returned to Montpellier, as Pro-
fessor of Botany, and died there. Author of Elenchus plantarum
horti botanict Monspeliensis, 1805 ; also wrote numerous works and
papers on ichthyology, contributed to the memoirs of the Academy
and founded the Société Linnéenne of Paris. His name is com-
memorated by the genus Broussonetia. |

Line and stipple engraving by Ambroise Tardieu.

Bust, in a double-breasted coat with embroidered collar, face
three-quarters to the right.

20

Rogert BROWN, D.C.L., LLD., F.BS., P.LS.
1773-1858.

Eminent botanist. Born at Montrose the son of an episco-
palian minister, and educated at Montrose, Aberdeen, and
‘Edinburgh University. Came to England in 1798, his botanical
reputation securing him the friendship of Sir Joseph Banks.
Accompanied, as naturalist, the Flinders expedition to New
Holland, 1801-5, and in 1810 published the first volume of his
-Prodromus Flore Nove Hollandie, a work supplemented in 1830.
Librarian to Sir Joseph Banks, who bequeathed him a life-interest
in his library and collections : these he handed over in 1827 to the
British Museum and was appointed first Keeper of the Botanical
Department, a post he retained till his death. His numerous and
valuable works have earned for him great renown and a foremost
position in the ranks of botanists. Associate of the French
Academy of Sciences, and Knight of the Prussian Order ‘Pour
le Mérite.’ Died in London. The genus Brunia is named after
Aim.

Painted in oils about 1856 by Stephen Pearce.

To the waist, seated fronting spectator, in a black coat, clean
‘shaven face turned three-quarters to the right.

Dimensions—15 ins. by 123 ins.

Presented by the Bentham Trustees.

ANOTHER PORTRAIT.

Medallion, modelled in wax, in 1852, by R. C. Lucas.
Bust, in frock coat, profile to right.

Dimensions (oval)—7 ins. by 5 ins.

Presented by Miss Boott.

ANOTHER PORTRAIT.
Small plaster bust.

Facing spectator, neck bare, no drapery.
Presented, 1873, by Dr. Bowerbank, F.R.S.

21

ANOTHER PORTRAIT.

Line engraving by C. Fox, after a painting by H. W. Pickersgill,

R.A., belonging to the Linnean Society.

Half length, seated at a table, holding his eyeglass in his left
hand, facing spectator.

AUTOGRAPH (facsimile).
Another copy of this engraving isin the HERBARIUM.

SEBALD JUSTIN BRUGMANS, M.D., Ph.D. 1762-1819.

Dutch botanist. Born at Franeker (Friesland) and educated
at Groningen, where his father was a professor, and at Leyden.
Professor of botany, 1786, at Leyden. Superintended the publica-
tion of the Dutch Pharmacopceia, and wrote papers on miscel-
laneous botany. Died at Leyden.

Line and stipple engraving by Ambroise Tardieu after a drawing
by Fournier.

Bust (in an oval) hair tied behind in a queue, face profile
to right.

e

ALEXANDER VON BUNGE, M.D. 1803-1890.

Russian botanist and traveller. Born at Kiew. Graduated
M.D. at Dorpat, 1825. Travelled with Ledebour in Siberia and
was sent in 1830 by his government as naturalist with the mission
to Pekin. He made several expeditions to the Altai mountains,
and travelled through Central Asia, Persia, Caucasia and
Afghanistan. Professor of botany at Kazan, 1833, and succeeded
Ledebour, in 1836, as director of the botanic garden and
professor of botany at Dorpat. Author of Eumeratio plantarum
quas in China-boreali collegit, 1831; Verzeichniss der im Jahr
1832 im Gstlichen Theile des Aitaigebirges gesammelten Pflanzen ;
Plantarum Mongholico-chinensium decas I, 1835; a Flora of the
Steppes of Central Asia, 1851; and Generis Astragali Species
gerontogaee, 1868-9. A genus Bungea is named after him.

Lithograph from a drauing executed in 1834 by Maria Rohl.
Bust, in a Mandarin’s dress, face three-quarters to the right.

22

WILLIAM JOHN BURCHELL, M.D., D.C.L., F.LS.
1781-1863.

Naturatist and explorer. Born at Fulbam. Appointed in 1805
‘Schoolmaster and Acting Botanist’ at St. Helena. Travelled from
1811 to 1816 in South Africa, publishing an account in two 4to.
volumes 1822, and from 1825 to 1829 in Central and South America.
He made large collections of natural history specimens in both
continents, some of which are now in the Natural History Museum,
London. His herbarium and botanical MSS. are in the library of
the royal gardens at Kew. His name is perpetuated in the names
of many animals and plant species discovered by him. Died at
Fulham. His name is commemorated by the genus Burchellia.

Photograph from an etching by Mrs. Dawson Turner after a.
drawing, 1816, by John Sell Cotman.

Bust, in a frock coat, face three-quarters to the left.

JOHANN BURMAN, M.D. 1706-1779.

Dutch botanist. Born at Amsterdam, the son of Francis
Burman, the younger, professor of theology. He was professor
of botany at Amsterdam, and devoted his attention principally
to the study of Eastern plants. Author of Thesaurus Zeylanicus,
exhibens plantas in insula Zeylana nascentes, 1737; Rariorum
Africanorum Plantarum ad vivum delineatarum, 1738-9; Flora
Malabarica, 1769; Plantarum Africanarum decades X., 1738-39 ;
and editor of Rumpf’s Herbarium Amboinense, 1741-50. He was
a friend of Linnzus, who dedicated to him the genus Burmannia.
Died at Amsterdam.

Line engraving.

Bust (in an oval), in a wig, face three-quarters to the left.

AvuGeR GISLAIN DE BUSBECG®@. 1522-1592.
[AUGERIUS GISLENIUS BUSBEQUIUS. |

Ambassador and historian. Born at Commines in Flanders and
studied at Paris, Venice, Bologna, and Padua. Ambassador from
the Emperor Ferdinand I. to the Sultan Soliman of Turkey,

23

1555-1562. During his stay at Constantinople he formed collec-
tions of coins, manuscripts and rare plants and other specimens of
natural history, and employed an artist to make drawings of the
curious botanical and zoological specimens he collected and were
little known in Western Hurope. An account of his journey was
published in his Jtinerarta, 1582, and LEpistole, 1589. On his
return to Vienna he was appointed governor and tutor to the sons
of Maximilian II, and later, Ambassador from the Emperor
Rudolf to the French. Died near Rouen, on his way to Flanders.
The genus Busbeckia is dedicated to him.

Lithograph.
Bust, in a ruff and fur-lined coat, face three-quarters to the left.
Purchased, June 1882.

JOHN STUART, THIRD Hart OF BUTE, K.G. 1713-1792.

Prime Minister and Secretary of State. Throughout his life he
took a keen interest in botany, which, apart from his brief
political career, was his principal occupation. He resided for a
time at Kew and took a very active part in developing its botanical
side. Author of one of the rarest of books, entitled Botanical
Tables, containing the different Familys of British Plants, of which
only twelve copies in 9 vols., 4to., without place or date, were
printed. He died from the effects of a fall incurred while attempt-
ing to gather a plant on the cliffs at Christchurch, Hants. The
genus Stewartia is dedicated to him.

Engraving by W. Read after a painting by Allan Ramsay.

Bust (vignetted) in peer’s robes and collar of the Thistle, facing
spectator.

JOACHIM CARMERARIUS, M.D. 1534-1598.

German physician and botanist. Born at Nuremberg, the son of
the celebrated scholar of the same name. He graduated asa doctor
of medicine at Bologna, 1562, and returning to his native town,

24.

where he devoted himself to the study of medicine and botany
and had a botanic garden of his own, was the chief agent in
founding a medical school, 1592. Author of Hortus Medicus,
1588 ; Plantarum tam indigenarum quam exoticarum icones, 1591 ;
Symbolorum et emblematum centurie tres, quibus rariores stirpium,
animalium, et insectorum proprietates complexus est, dc., 1590-7.
The genus Cameraria was dedicated to him by Plumier. Died at
Nuremberg.
Line engraving.

Seated, to the waist, bearded face three-quarters to the left.

ALPHONSE Louis PIERRE PYRAME DE CANDOLLE,
D.C.L., F.M.R.S. 1806-1893.

Born at Paris. Son of the celebrated Swiss botanist Augustin
Pyrame de Candolle, whom he succeeded as professor of botany
at Geneva in 1841. He continued his father’s Prodromus, com-
pleting the last ten volumes in 1873. Author of Géographie
Botanique Raisonnée, 1855; Lois de la Nomenclature Botanique,
1867 ; Origine des Plantes Cultivées, 1883 ; and other works.

Photograph taken in 1881 from life.
Bust (oval), clean shaven face three-quarters to the right.

Presented by Prof. A. de Candolle, 1881.

ANOTHER PORTRAIT.

Photograph taken late in life.

Bust in a black coat, facing spectator.

AUTOGRAPH (facsimile).

Presented by Prof. A.de Candollee (HERBARIUM.)

20

AUGUSTIN PYRAME DE CANDOLLE, M.D., 1778-1841.

Celebrated Swiss botanist. Bornat Geneva. Graduated M.D. at
Paris with the thesis Essai sur les propriétés médicinales des
plantes, 1804, and was entrusted with the issue of the Flore
Franeaise, 1805-1815. He was commissioned by the government to
make a tour in France, Italy, Belgium and the Rhine provinces
to observe the state of agriculture in those countries—a work
which occupied him from 1806 to 1812 and is reported on in his
Voyages agronomique et botaniques. Professor of botany, pro-
fessor to the Faculty of Sciences and director of the botanic garden
at Montpellier from 1810 to 1816, when he accepted the chair of
Natural History at Geneva. Author of Organographie Végétale,
1827 ; Physiologie Végétale, 1832; the great work Predromus
Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis, etc. [17 vols. 1824-73],
the last ten volumes of which were completed by his son
Alphonse ; and other works. Died at Geneva. His name is
commemorated by the genus Candollea.

Plaster cast from a bust, larger than life, modelled perhaps by
Pierre Jean David @ Angers.

Facing spectator, neck bare, no drapery.
- Presented, 1881, by Professor Alphonse de Candolle.

ANOTHER PORTRAIT.
Painting in oils about 1830, artist unknown.

Bust, in a black coat, short side whiskers, otherwise clean
shaven, brown eyes fixed on spectator, face three-quarters to the
right.

Pimensions—8} ins. by 63 ins.

ANOTHER PORTRAIT.
Mezzotint engraving by A. Bouvier after a drawing by A. Munier.

To the knees, seated at a table, wearing spectacles, face threo-
quarters to the right.

Another copy of this engraving is in the HERBARIUM.
(K.C.) U

ANOTHER PORTRAIT.
Photograph from a drawing.

Bust, wearing spectacles, face three-quarters to the right.

Rev. WILLIAM CAREY, D.D., F.L.S. 1761-1834.

Missionary and orientalist, born at Paulerspury, Northampton-
shire. Sent by the Baptists as their first missionary to India
and arrived at Calcutta in 1794. Professor of Sanskrit, Bengali,
and Mahratta at the Fort William College, 1799-1830. Pub-
lished grammars, dictionaries, and portions of the Bible in these
and many other oriental languages. Founded a botanical garden
at Serampur, and edited his friend Dr. Roxburgh’s Flora Indica,
besides editing the Ramdyana, 1806-1810. Died at Serampur.
The genus Careya is dedicated to him.

Line engraving by W. Worthing after a painting by Robert
Home.

Seated figure to below the knees ata table, writing, attended
by his Pundit, face three-quarters to the right.

ALEXANDRE HENRI GABRIEL, VISCOMTE DE CASSINTI.
1781-1832.

French jurist and botanist, and member of a distinguished
family of astronomers, was born at Paris. Noted for his extensive
researches in the department of synantherous plants, and as the
author of Opuscules Phytologiques, 1826. Member of the Academy
af Sciences, 1827. He afterwards studied law, became a member
of the Court of Cassation, and was created a peer of France
in 1830. Died in Paris. The genus Cassinia commemorates
his name.

Line and stipple engraving, ad vivum 1827, by Ambroise Tardicu.

Bust (in an oval) face three-quarters to the right.

2
DoMINIQUE CHABREY. [CHABRAZUS]. 1610-1666.

Swiss physician and botanist. Born at Geneva and practised as
a physician at Yverdun. He published descriptions and drawings
of plants, particularly native species and those used in domestic
economy and medicine, superintended the publication of his son-
in-law, Jean Bauhin’s Historia Plantarum Universalis, 1650-1, and
afterwards published an abridgement of it under the title Sterpiwm
Icones et Sciagraphia, etc. 1666. The genus Chabrzea was dedicated
to him.

Line engraving.

Bust, wearing long hair, moustache and imperial, and large flat
collar, face three-quarters to the right.

ADELBERT VON CHAMISSO. 1781-1838.

German naturalist, poet, and author. Born at Boncourt,
Champagne, bis real name being Louis Charles Adelaide de
Chamisso, of a French family which migrated to Berlin at the
Revolution. Resided for a time at Coppet, where he studied
botany. Engaged in 1815-8 as naturalist to Count Romanzoff’s
expedition round the world, of which he published an account in
1827. Custodian of the botanic gardens, Berlin, 1819, and member
of the Academy of Sciences, Berlin, 1835, Renowned as the author
of Peter Schlemehl, 1814. Wrote also a grammar of botany and
Ucbersicht der nutzbarsten und schddlichsten Gewiichse welche wild
oder angehaut in Norddeutschland vorkommen, 1827. Died at
Berlin. His name is commemorated by the genus Chamissoa.

Woodcut by C. Laufer.

Bust, wearing long hair, clean shaven face three-quarters to
the rizht.

AUTOGRAPH (facsimile).

CaRoLUS CLUSIUS, M.D. [Cuaries De lL ESCLUSE}.
1525-1609,
Flemish physician and botanist. Born at Arras and studied
at Ghent, Marburg, Wittenberg, and at Montpellier where he
(K.C.) C2

See

28

graduated M.D. Travelled on botanical expeditions through
most of Europe. Director from 1573 to 1587 of the botanic
garden of the Emperor Maximilian II., at Vienna. Professor
of botany at Leyden, 1593, the garden of which he helped to make
famous. Author of Aliquot note in Garcie Aromatum Historiam,
1582, containing some account of the plants and fruits brought
to England by Sir Francis Drake ; Rariorum Plantarum Historia,
1601 ; and numerous other works on medical and other plants.
ied at Leyden. Several genera were dedicated to him.

Line engravizg, 1600, by Jacob de Gheijn.

Bust (in an oval) wearing a beard and ruff, face three-quarters
to the right.

ANOTHER PORTRAIT.
Line engraving, 1575, by Martin Rota.

To the waist, standing three-quarters to the left, wearing beard
and 1uff, land and sea in background.

FERDINAND JULIUS COHN, M.D., F.M.R.S., F.M.LS.,
1828-1898.

German botanist and bacteriologist. Born at Breslau, where
he was afterwards, in 1859, appointed professor of botany. In
1866 he was mainly instrumental in founding the Institute of
Vegetable Physiology at his university, where he devoted special
attention to the study of microscopic vegetation. Author of
Empusa Musee, 1854; Neue Untersuchungen iiber Bakterien,
1872-5 ; Beitraége zur Biologie der Pflanzen, and a popular work
on botany, Die Pflanze. His name is commemorated by tie
genus Cohnia.

Heliogravure fiom a photograph.

Bust, wearing beard and spectacles, face three-quarters to the
left.

29

Prrer COLLINSON, F.R.S., F.S.A. 1694-1768.

Naturalist and antiquary. Born near Windermere, the son of
a wooller. draper, a member of the Society of Friends. At an
early age he secured the notice and encouragement of Sir Hans
Sloane and the Earl of Bute. He settled at Mill Hill, where, about
1749, he formed a botanic garden, and by its means considerably
improved the English system of horticulture. The business rela-
tions of his firm with America led to a lasting friendship with
Franklin and other scientific men of the colonies, and he established
with them a good system of exchanges, which resulted in much
benefit to their respective countries. In 1843 L. W. Dillwyn
privately printed Hortus Collinsonianus. Died in London. His
name is commemorated by the genus Collinsonia.

Line and stipple engraving by T. Trotter.

Bast (within an oval) ina full-bottomed wig, face three-quarters
to the right.

Caprain JAMES COOK, R.N., F.R.S. 1728-1779.

Celebrated circumnavigator. Bornof humble parents at Merton,
in Cleveland. Volunteered in 1755 as an ordinary seaman for
service in the navy and rose to the rank of captain. Surveyed
the coasts of Newfoundland, 1762-7. He commanded the expedi-
tion despatched in 1768 to the South Pacific, when he was accom-
panied, as naturalists, by Mr. (afterwards Sir Joseph) Banks and
Dr. Solander, who gave to one inlet in New South Wales, where
they found plants in plenty, the name Botany Bay, afterwards the
site of the first Australian colony. Cook made a second voyage to
the Pacific in 1772, when he was accompanied, as naturalists,
by Dr. J. R. Forster and his son, Georg Forster, and a third
voyage in 1776, which proved his last, as he was killed by the
natives of the Sandwich Islands. The genus Cookia was dedicated
to him.

Line engraving by James Basire, ufter a painting by William
Hodges, R.A.

Bust (in an oval) in uniform, clean shaven face, three-quarters
to the left.

Engraved for Cook’s Voyages, 1777.

30

ANOTHER PORTRAIT.

Small engraving, part only, after the painting by Nathaniel Dance,
h.A., at Greenwich.

Bust, in uniform, face three-quarters to the right.

VALERIUS CORDUS. 1515-1544.

German naturalist. Born at Simmtshausen, the son of Heinrich
Cordus, the eminent poet and physician. Studied at Marburg,
where he graduated M.B. In 1540 he lectured at Wittenberg, and
in 1549 published annotations, on the materia medica of Dioscorides.
He travelled over Prussia and Saxony, explored the flora of
Switzerland, and at Venice studied the ichthyology of the Adriatic.
Author of Dispensatorium pharmacorum ; Guidon des Apothicaires,
1575; &c. His collected works, published in 1562 by Gesner,
contain a Histeria Stirpium and other botanical subjects. Died
of fever at Rome. His name is commemorated by the genus
Cordia.

Line engraving.

Bust (within an oval) wearing a beard and narrow ruff, face
three-quarters to the right.

Maxime CORNW. 1843-1901.

French botanist. Born at Orleans, the brother of Marie Alfred
Cornu, the physicist, and graduated in natural sciences at the
Sorbonne, 1872. Became professor at the Natural History
Museum, Paris, in 1884, and was commissioned by the Government
to investigate the ravages of the phylloxera among vines. His
works, which mostly appeared in special journals, deal with the
anatomy, physiology and pathology of piaats.

Heliogravure from a photograph.

Bust (within an oval) in a frock coat and low collar, facing
spectator.

AUTOGRAPH (facsimile).

31

ALEXANDER GCRUCHSHAWES. d. 1848.

Botanical collector in Chili. Author of Account of Hxcursion
from Lima to Pasco. The genus Cruckshanksia was dedicated to
him.

Crayon drawing by Sir Daniel Macnee, P.R.S.A.

To the waist, seated, clean shaven face turned slightly to right.

Dimensions —174 ins. by 133 ins.

Hooker Collection.

NicuHotas CULPEPER. 1616-1654.

Apothecary, herbalist and astrologer. Born in London, the son
of a clergyman, and studied fora time at Cambridge. Appren-
ticed to an apothecary of St. Helen’s, Bishopsgate, and afterwards
set up as an astrologer and physician in Spitalfields. He roused
the wrath of the College of Physicians by printing English versions
of their Pharmacopeia, in 1649, 1650 and 1651, under the title of
A Physical Directory. Author of The English Physician and
Herbal, 1653, and a number of medical tracts. <A collective edition
of his works was published in 1802.

Line engraving.

To the waist, standing holding a book in his left hand, face
three-quarters to the left.

ALLAN CUNNINGHAM, F.LS. 1791-1839.

Born at Wimbledon, the brother of Richard Cunningham.
Engaged by W.T. Aiton on his Hortus Kewensis. From 1814 to
1831 he was botanical collector to the royal gardens, Kew, and
explored from 1814 to 1816 at Rio de Janeiro and from 1816 to 1831
in South Australia and New Zealand. Returned to England and
published in various scientific journals accounts of his collections
and travels. Succeeded his brother Richard as Superintendent of
the Botanic Garden, Sydney, N.S.W., 1836-38, and died out there.

Crayon drawning by Sir Daniel Macnee, P.R.S.A.

To the waist, seated, with arms folded, clean-shaven face three-
quarters to the right looking slightly upwards.

Dimensions—17% ins. by 133 ins.

Hooker Collection.

4
t

32

RICHARD GUMNNINGHAW. 1793-1835.

Born at Wimbledon, the brother of Allan Cunningham. Em-
ployed, like his brother, by W. T. Aiton on the Hortus Kewensis,
and acted as Aiton’s amanuensis for eighteen years. Succeeded
Charles Fraser, 1833, as Superintendent of the Botanic Garden at
Sydney, N.S.W. Murdered by the natives while exploring the
course of the Darling River. The genus Cunninghamia was
dedicated to the brothers.

Pencil drawing, about 1830, artist unknown.
Bust, clean shaven face three-quarters to the left.
Dimensions—6% ins, by 5} ins,

Hooker Collection.

SAMUEL GURTIS, F.LS. 1779-1860.

Florist. Born at Walworth. Married in 1801 the only
daughter of William Curtis, founder of the Botanical Magazine,
to the proprietorship of which he succeeded. Died at Jersey.

Photograph taken late in life.

To the knees, seated holding an open volume, clean-shaven face
three-quarters to the left.

WILLIAM CURTZES, F.LS._ 1746-1799.

Born at Alton, in Hampshire. Apprenticed as an apothecary
to his grandfather, and removed in 1766 to London, where he
soon became known as a demonstrator of practical botany at the
medical schools. Commenced in 1777 his Flora Londinensis, on
the completion of which, in 1787, he undertook the publication of
the Botanical Magazine. Formed botanical gardens at Ber-
mondsey, Lambeth Marsh, and at Brompton. Author also of
Lectures on Botany and British Grasses. Buried in Battersea
Church. His name is commemorated by the genus Curtisia.

Stipple engraving by F. Sunsom.

Bust (within au oval), wearing a wig, face three-quarters to
the right.

f«

_ ‘

33

HeENrY DaNveRS, EARL OF DANBY, K.G.
1573-1644.

Statesman. Son of Sir John Danvers, of Dauntsey, where he
was born. Served in the wars of the Low Countries. President
of Munster, 1607-15. Created by James I. Baron Danvers, and
by Charles I. Earl of Danby. In 1622 he established the
Botanic Garden at Oxford. Buried at Dauntsey.

Mezzotint engraving by V. Green, after the painting by Sir Anthony
Van Dyck.

Whole-length, standing at a table, wearing ruff and Garter robes,
face three-quarters to the left.

WILLIAM DARLINGTON, M.D., LL.D. 1782-1863.

American botanist and agriculturist. Born at Birmingham,
Pa., and educated at the university of Pennsylvania, where he
graduated in 1804. Made a voyage to India, 1806-7, and after-
wards settled at West Chester where he practised, and founded an
athenzeum and society of natural history. Author of Flora
Cestrica, a work first published in 1826 as Florula Cestrica, con-
taining a description and classification of every plant known in the
county, and of Agricultural Botary, 1847. He was a member of
the American Philosophical Society and numerous other scientific
societies of America and Europe. Died in West Chester, Pa. The
genus Darlingtonia is dedicated to him.

Small line engraving execuied in his 70th year.

Head, three-quarters to the left.

ANOTHER PORTRAIT.
Lithograph, 1847, by A. Newsam.
- Bust, in a frock coat, face three-quarters to the right.

AUTOGRAPH (facsimile).

3d4

CuARLES ROBERT DARWEN, LL.D., F.RBS., F.LS.
1809-1882.

The famous naturalist. Born at The Mount, Shrewsbury, the
son of Dr. R. Waring Darwin and grandson of Dr. Erasmus
Darwin. Educated at Shrewsbury, and at Edinburgh and Cam-
bridge Universities. A voyage, as naturalist, in The Beagle,
1831-36, laid the foundation of his famous theories of evolution
and natural selection published in his Origin of Species, 1859, and
Descent of Man, 1871. Author also of Fertilisation of Orchids,
1862, Climbing Plants, 1875, Variation, 1868, Insectivorous Plants,
- 1875, and numerous other works which have rendered his name
world-renowned. Buried in Westminster Abbey.

Line engraving by C. H. Jeens.
Bust, elderly face profile to right.
Presented by Messrs. Macmillan & Co.

ANOTHER PORTRAIT.
Photograph taken late in life.

Half length, seated resting his hands in his lap, face three-
quarters to the right.

Presented by Messrs. Macmillan & Co.

ANOTHER PORTRAIT.
Photograph taken late in life.

Bust, head rather bald and with a thick beard, seen in profile to
left.

AUTOGRAPH.

Erasmus DARWIN, M.D., F.RS., F.L.8. 1731-1802.

Physician and poet. Born at Elston Hall, Notts, and educated
at Chesterfield and Cambridge Univerity. Graduated M.D. at
Edinburgh. In 1781 he removed to Derby and acquired celebrity

30

by the publication of his poem in two books called The Botanic
Garden, and Loves of the Plants. Author of Zoonomia, 1794-6,fand
Phytologia, 1801 ; and translator of Linnzeus’s Systema Vegetabilium
and Genera. Died at Breadsall Priory. The genus Darwinia is named
after him.

Mezzotint engraving by J. BK. Smith, after a painting by J.
Wright, A.R.A.

To the waist, seated at a vindow, holding a quill pen in his
right hand, face three-quarters to the left.

Ropert WARING DARWIN, M.D., F.RS. 1724-1816.

Born at Newark, the brother of Erasmus Darwin. Graduated
M.D. at Leyden. Noted as the author of Principia Botanica or a
concise and easy introduction to the sexual system of Linnzus,
1787. Died at Elston.

Mezzotint engraving by Thomas Lupton, after a painting by James
Pardou.

To below the knees, seated at a table, with a curtain background,
slightly inclined to the right.

JOSEPH DECAISNE. 1807-1882.

French botanist and horticulturist. Born at Brussels. Pro-
ceeded to Paris where he studied piinting fora time under his
brother Henry, the well-known painter. Abandoned painting for
medicine and studied botany under Du Bosc. Appointed assistant
to Adrien de Jussieu, 1832, and professor of agriculture in the
College of France, 1848. He published many memoirs in various
departments of botany, more especially in that of vegetable
physiology, and contributed to the floras of Senegambia, Arabia
Felix, and India. Member of the Academy of Sciences. Author
of Herbarii Timorensis Descriptio, 1835; Flore Elementaire des
Jardins et des Champs, 1855; Manuel de amateur des jardins,
1862 ; and published Le Jardin fruitier du Muséum, 1858-1875.

Woodcuts by S. Tilly.
A. Bust (in an oval), face three-quarters to the left.
B. Bust (in an oval), face three-quarters to the right.

36

Baron BENJAMIN DELESSERT. = 1773-1847.

Collector, and patron of science. Born at Lyons. Travelled
in Europe collecting plants with his brother, and after the
Revolution became a wealthy banker and manufacturer. He
made a large collection of plants ani botanical literature, and
by his will provided for their maintenance and accessibility.
Published in 1820 Jcones Selecte Plantarum, chiefly illustrative
of De Candolle’s Prodromus, and in 1830-33 Flore Senegambie
Tentamen, at his own expense. He also formed a large con-
chological collection and published Jilustrations Conchyliologiques.
He was a member of the Academy of Sciences and of the Linnean
Society. Died in Paris. The genus Lessertia was named in his
honour.

Lithograph.
Bust, elderly clean-shaven face slightly turned to the right.

René LovicuE DESFONTAINES, M.D. 1750-1833.

French botanist. Born at Tremblay in Brittany. Studied at
Rennes, and at Paris, where he graduated M.D. in 1782. In 1783
he proceeded to Barbary and remained two years in Tunis and
Algiers collecting botanical and other natural history specimens.
In 1786 he was appointed professor of botany in the Jardin
des Plantes, and was several times Director of the Natural
History Museum, at Paris. Elected in 1783 to the Academy of
Sciences, he contributed many valuable papers to its Transactions,
among them his celebrated memoir on the structure of mono-
cotyledons, 1796. Published in 1798 the first number of his
principal work Flora Atlantica. Author also of Catalogue du
Jardin des Plantes de Paris ; Histoire des arbres et des arbrisseaux
qui peuvent étre cultivés en pleine terre sur le sol de ia France, 1899.
He added several marked genera to botanical science. Died in
Paris The genera Fontanesia and Louichea were dedicated
to him.

Line and stipple engraving, ad vivum 1824, by Ambroise Tardieu.

Bust (in an oval), face three-quarters to the right.

|
|

aT

J. L. A. LoiseLevor-DESLONGCHAMPS.
See LOISELEVUR-DESLONGCHAMPS.

Sir KENELM DIGBY, F.R.S. 1603-1665.

Philosopher, soldier and writer. Born at Gothurst, the son of
Sir Everard Digby, one of the gunpowder plot conspirators, and
educated at Oxford. During the Civil War he was exiled to
France, where he published some philosophical works and
prosecuted his studies in science. He returned during the
Commonwealth, and after the Restoration took an active part in
the foundation of the Royal Society. Lectured at Gresham
College on vegetation, 1661. Buried at Christ Church, Newgate.

Line engraving by R. Van Voerst, after a painting by Sir Anthony
Van Dyck.

Half length, standing beside a table, on which rests an armillary
sphere, a cloak over his@right shoulder, face three-quarters to
the right.

JoHN JAMES DILLENIUVUS, M.D. 1687-1747.

German naturalist. Born at Darmstadt, and educated at
Giessen, where he graduated M.D., and of which place he
published a Flora, 1727, in which he treated specially of the
cryptogamic plants. In 1721 he came to Oxford where he
established himself at the invitation of Dr. W. Sherard, and in
1724 edited Ray’s Synopsis Methodica Stirpium Britannicarum.
In 1728 he was appointed to the chair of botany at Oxford,
endowed by his friend Dr. Sherard, and in 1732 published his
Hortus Elthamensis, a work which was followed in 1741 by his
Historia Museorum. lLinneus dedicated to him the genus
Dillenia. Died at Oxford.

Stipple engraving by James Heath after the painting at Ozford.

To the waist (in an oval), in a wig and clerical dress, pointing
to a drawing of a plant, face three-quarters to the right,

AvuToaRAPH. Dated, Tower Hill, Feb. 19, 1732.
Presented, 1893, by J. D Knys, Esq.

35

LEwis WESTON DILEWYN, M_P., F.R.S, F.LS.
1778-1855.

Naturalist and porcelain manufacturer. Born at Ipswich.
Resided at Burrough’s Lodge and Sketty Hall in Glamorganshire,
of which county he was a magistrate, deputy lieutenant, and
member for parliament. Wrote in conjunction with Dawson
Turner a Botanist’s Guide, 1805. Author of Natural History of
British Conferve, 1802-7; Horius Collinsonianus, 1743; Fauna
and Flora of Swansea and the neighbourhood, 1848. Died at
Sketty Hall. The genus Dillwynia was dedicated to him.

Lithograph from a drawing by Eden Upton Eddis.
Bust, seated, face three-quarters to the right.

ANOTHER PORTRAIT. -

Silhouetie drawn about 1802,

Bust, profile to right.

Hooker Collection. Given to Mr. Dawson Turner, by Mr. Dillwyn
in 1802.

DENIs DODART, M.D. 1634-1707.

French physician and botanist. Born at Paris. Obtained his
medical degree in 1660 and was appointed physician to Louis XIV.
Professor of pharmacy, 1666, and a botanical member of the
Academy of Sciences, 1673. Author of numerous medical and
scientific papers, and among them Sur la description des plantes
et leur structure observé2 au microscope ; Sur les vertus médicales des
plantes; Sur la jécondité des planies. A genus Dodartia was
named after him by Tournefort. Died at Paris.

Line and stipple engraving by Ambroise Turdieu, after a drawing
by Cochin.

Bust (in an oval) in a wig, profile to right.

39

ReMEERT DODOENS, [DODONMUS], M.D.
1517-1585.

Belgian physician and botanist. Born at Malines, near Ant-
werp. Studied at Louvain, where he graduated in medicine, and
afterwards travelled in various parts of Europe. Appointed in
1572 physician to the Emperor Maximilian II, and in 1576, to his
son and successor Rudolf II. He returned in 1580 to his native
country, and became professor of medicine at Leyden. He wasa
considerable writer on botany, and his collected works were
published under the title Stirpiwm Historiv, in folio in 1583,
illustrated with 1,303 wood engravings. Died at Leyden. A genus
Dodonza was dedicated to him.

Line engraving.

Bust (in an oval) in a ruff and fur-lined cloak, bearded face
three-quarters to the right.

Davip DOUGLAS, F.LS. 1799-1834.

Scottish botanical collector. Born at Scone, where he served his
apprenticeship as a nursery gardener at the Palace. He after-
wards went to the botanic garden at Glasgow, and attended the
lectures of Sir W. Hooker. He was sent as collector by the
Horticultural Society to America, and during the years 1824-7
explored Columbia and North California, returning again in
1830-2. He accidentally met his death at Hawaii, in the Sandwich
Islands. He introduced many new plants, ornamental and herba-
ceous, into England, including specimens of Pentstemon, Lupinus,
(Enothera, Gilia, and Collomia. His name is commemorated
by the genus Douglasia.

Crayon drawing executed in 1828 by Sir Daniel Macnee, P.R.S.A.
Bust, head turned three quarters to the right.
Dimensions—1 44 ins. by 12} ins,

Hooker Collection.

‘
a

40

THomas DRUMMOND, A.LS. d. 1835.

Collector. Born in Scotland, the younger brother of James
Drummond. First became known by his Musci Scotici. Curator
of the Belfast Botanic Garden, 1828-9. He was attached as
an assistant-naturalist to Sir J. Franklin’s second land expedition to
the Arctic regions, 1825, but quitted the main party to explore the
Rocky Mountains. He continued his explorations in the Alle-
ghanies and Texas, but died at Havana on his way home. The
plants he sent home were described by Sir W. J. Hooker in his
Flora Boreali- Americana and elsewhere. The genus Drummondia
was dedicated to him by Sir W. J. Hooker.

Coloured crayon drawing by Sir Daniel Macnee, P.R.S.A.

To the waist, seated, blue eyes and curly hair, clean-shaven
face three quarters to the left.

Dimensions—17 ins. by 134 ins,

Hooker Collection.

Jonas DRYANDER, M.D., V.P.L.S. 1748-1810.

Born in Sweden. Educated at the universities of Gottenburg
and Lund, and studied for a time at Upsala under Linneus.
Came to England in 1782 and succeeded his friend Dr. Solander
as librarian to Sir Joseph Banks, and was afterwards librarian of
the Royal Society and the Linnean Society. He edited Roxburgh’s
Plants of the Coromandel Coast, but his magnum opus was his
Catalogus Bibliothece Historico-Naturalis Josephi Banks, Baronetti,
1796-1800. Died in London. Commemorated by the genus
Dryandra.

Etching by William Daniell after a drawing, 1796, by George
Danee, R.A.

To the waist, seated with arms folded, profile to right.

Amos BATON. 1776-1842.

American naturalist. Born at Chatham, N.Y. Graduated at
Williams College in 1799, and was admitted to the bar in 1802.

41

Studied chemistry, mineralogy, and botany, and lectured on the
natural sciences, at Williams College in 1817. Professor of
Natural History at the Medical College, at Castleton, 1820, and
Principal of the Polytechnic Institute at Troy, 1824. Author of
Manual of the Botany of North America, 1817; Geological and
Agricultural Survey of the District adjoining the Erie Canal, 1824,
and other works. Died at Troy, N.Y. Botanically commemorated
by Hatonia and Eatonella.

Line and stipple engraving by A. H. Ritchie.

To the waist, seated holding a roll of paper in his right hand,
facing spectator.

AvuToGRAPA (facsimile).

DANIEL CaADY BATON. 1834-1895.

American botanist. Born at Fort Gratiot, Michigan, the
grandson of Amos Eaton. Graduated at Yale, 1857, and studied
botany at Harvard in 1860. Professor of botany at Yale, 1864.
Described the ferns for Chapman’s Flora of the Southern States,

1860, and Gray’s Manual, 5th ed., 1867. Author of the Ferns of

North America, 1879-80. Died June 30, 1895.
Photograph from life.
Bust, in a frock coat, face three-quarters to the right.

CHARLES DE L/ESCLUSE.
See CLUSIUS.

BRING EDWARD VII.
A. Commemorative bronze medal by L. C. Wyon.
Head, profile to left. 3
Colonial and Indian Exhibition, 1886.

B. Commemorative medal by G. Morgan.

Bust profile to left, in Garter robes.

International Exhibition, London, 1873.
(K.C.)

iI

42

CHRISTIAN GOTTFRIED EHRENBERG, M.D.
1795-1876.

German naturalist and microscopist. Born at Delitzsch, Saxony.
Graduated M.D. at Berlin, where he afterwards, in 1827, became
professor of medicine. Travelled from 1820 to 1826 in Egypt,
Palestine and Arabia, and in 1829, accompanied by Humboldt,
travelled through the Ural and Altai mountains, directing his
special attention to observations with the microscope, to the use
of which instrument he may be said to have devoted the remainder
of his life. His great work on living organisms Jnfusionsthierchen
was published in 1838; his work on Mikrogeologie contains
the results of his researches in fossil infusoria. He was a
most prolific contributor to scientific literature. Commemorated
by the genus Ehrenbergia.

Lithograph from a drawing made in 1857 by R. Hoffmann
Jrom @ photograph.

Bust, wearing his orders, elderly clean shaven face seen three-
quarters to the left.

AUTOGRAPH (facsimile).

Gror@ Dionysius EHRET, F.R.S. 1708-1770.

German botanic painter. Born at Erfurt, the son of a gardener.
A collection, numbering 500 paintings of plants which he drew
himself as a young man, were purchased by Dr. Trew, of Nurem-
berg, who utilised them for his Plante Selecta, 1750. He resided
at Montpellier, Lyons, Paris, and London. In 1736 he was
employed by the Dutch banker Cliffort, and displayed his skill in
illustrating the Hortus Cliffortianus. He returned to England in
1740, and, was employed by Sir Hans Sloane and Dr. Fothergill.
Engravings were made from his paintings for Browne’s History of
Jamaica, 1756. ‘Died near Hambledon. The genus Ehretia
was dedicated to him.

Mezzotint engraving by J. Jacob Haid after a drawing by
A, Heckell.

To the waist, wearing a wig, seated within an architectural
border, drawing a flower, face three-quarters to the left.

=

43
STEPHAN LADISLAUS ENDLICHER. 1804-1849.

Hungarian botanist, and philologist, was born at Pressburg and
educated at Pesth and Vienna. Librarian to the Imperial Library,
1828, Professor of Botany in the University, 1840, and Director
of the Botanic Gardens and Botanic Museums, Vienna. Author
of Flora Posoniensis, 1830; Prodromus Flora Norfolkice, 1833 ;
Iconographia Generum Plantarum, 1838 ; Flora Brasiliensis, 1840 ;
Enchiridion Botanicum, 1841; and other works on history and
philosophy. Died at Vienna. Commemorated by the genus
Endlichera.

Lithograph by Strixner from a diawing by B. J. Rauh,

Standing figure to the knees, in spectacles, wearing a long sash
and resting his right hand on his sword, facing spectator.

AUTOGRAPH.

JOHANN CONRAD ESCHER von ver LintuH. 1767-
1823.

Swiss botanist, geologist, and mineralogist. Born at Zurich
and studied at Gottingen. After travelling in France, England,
and Italy he returned and was elected a member of the legislative
assembly of the Canton of Zurich and became eventually member
of the Grand Council. As Director, he planned the works for
the amelioration and canalization of the river Linth, 1804, and of
the Glatz, 1812. In commemoration of his achievement his
descendants were authorised at his death to append to their
surname ‘ Von der Linth.’

Line and stipple engraving by Ambroise Tardieu.

Bust (in an oval), elderly clean shaven face three-quarters to
the left.

T. F. L. Nees von EBSENBECK.
See NEES von ESENBECK.
(K.C.) Dz

ti

JOHN EVELYN, D.C.L., F.R.S. 1620-1706.

Natural philosopher and diarist. Born at Wotton in Surrey,
and educated at Oxford. At the outbreak of the Civil War he
travelled in France and Italy, paying special attention to the
progress of natural philosophy. Returned in 1651 and settled at
Sayes Court, near Deptford, where his favourite recreation was
gardening, and he wrote his famous Sylva, or a Discourse of
Forest Trees, 1664, and Terra, a Discourse of the Earth, 1675.
Commissioner of the Privy Seal, 1685-7, and ‘l'reasurer of the
Greenwich Hospital, 1695-1703. He is more commonly remembered
as the author of a Diary he kept from 1641 to his death, first
published in 1818. Died at Wotton.

Photograph from the painting in the Royal Society.

Half length, standing holding a copy of his Sylwa, elderly clean
shaven face three-quarters to the left.

Presented, 1889, by Sir Edward Frankland.

EDUARD FENZL, M.D. 1808-1879.

German botanist. Born at Krummnussbaum, Donau. Professor-
Custos of the botanic museum at Vienna and writer on botany.
Contributed to the scientific journals and assisted Dr. Endlicher
in various productions. Commemorated by the genus Fenzlia.

Lithograph, 1853, by Dauthage.

Bust, seated facing spectator, wearing spectacles, head turned
three-quarters to the left.

AUTOGRAPH (facsimile).

FRIEDRICH “ZRNST LUDWIG VON FISCHER, M.D., F.M.LS.
1782-1854.

German botanist. Born at Halberstadt in the Hartz district,
and educated at Halle, where he graduated M.D. in 1804. Soon
afterwards he was appointed Superintendent of Count Razumoff-
sky’s botanic garden at Gorenki, Moscow, a post he vacated in
1823 on bis appointment as director of the Imperial botanic

45

garden at St. Petersburg. Here he effected great improvements,
thoroughly reorganised the garden and at his suggestion expedi-
tions were made to various parts of the Empire. He contributed
numerous papers to the memoirs of the Imperial Society of
Naturalists at Moscow, and was the author of Catalogue du jardin
des planies du Comte Alexis de Razoumofisky, 1812 ; Sertum Petro-
politanum, 1846 ; and monographs on various genera and species.
Died at St. Petersburg.

Lithograph.

Bust, seated, in a frock coat, face three-quarters to the left.

JOHANN GEORG ADAM FORSTER, M.D., F.R.S., F.L.S.
1754-1794.

German traveller and naturalist. Born at Nassenhuben, the son
of Dr. J. R. Forster. Accompanied his father on his voyage with
Captain Cook, and afterwards assisted him with his publications,
translating his Voyage round the World into German. Professor
of natural history at Cassel, 1778-84, and at Wilna ; and librarian
at Mainz to the Elector, 1788. He lost all his property when the
Prussians took Mainz, and resolved to go to India, but died at
Paris. He was the author of Geschichte und Beschreibung des -
Brodbaums, 1784; De plantis esculentis insularum Oceani Australis
commeniutio botanica, 1786; Florule insularum australium Pro-
dromus, 1786, and other works.

<

Photograph from a drawing taken ut Otaheite.

Bust, head bent in profile to the left, sailing boat and island in
the background.

JOHANN REINHOLD FORSTER, D.C.L., M.D. 1729-1798.

German naturalist and traveller. Born at Dirschau, and
descended of a Yorkshire family which migrated to Prussia.
Visited Russia, and came to Warrington in 1766 as a professor.
of natural history and teacher of languages. Accompanied Captain
Cook on his second voyage, as naturalist, 1772-5, and published on
his return Observations made during a Voyage round the World ;

46

Characteres generum plantarum quas in itinere ad insulas maris
Australis, etc., 1776. From 1780 to his death he filled the chair
of natural history and was director of the botanic garden at Halle.
Author also of Flora Americe Septentrionalis; Zoologie Indice
Enchiridion Historie naturali, etc., 1788. The genus Forstera was
dedicated to him by Linnzus the younger.

Line engraving by J. F. Bause after a painting by Ant. Graf.
Bast (within an oval surrounded by plants) in a short wig, face
three-quarters to the right.

Purchased, 1893.

JOHN FOTHERGILE, M.D., F.BS., L.R.C.P. 1712-1780.

Physician. Born at Carr End, Wensley Dale, Yorkshire, the
son of a Quaker. Graduated M.D. at Edinburgh. His chief
scientific interest was in botany, especially in the collection and
cultivation of rare plants. His botanic garden at Upton was con-
sidered by Sir J. Banks to be equalled in the richness and rarity
of its plants only by the Royal Garden at Kew. A list of some
of these rarities was published by Dr. Lettsom, under the title
Hortus Uptonensis. He was the author of several medical works,
the most important of which Account of the Sore Throat attended
with Ulcers, 1748, was translated into most European languages.
Died in London. Commemorated by the genus Fothergilla.

Mezzotint engraving by Valentine Green, after a painting by
Gilbert Stuart.

Half length, seated with a book at a table, in a wig, face three-
quarters to the right.

Evias Macnus FRIES, Ph.D., F.M.L.S. 1794-1878.

Swedish botanist. Born at Femsj6 and educated at Lund,
where in 1828 he became professor of botany, a post he vacated
in 1834 for the chair of practical economy at Upsala. Succeeded
in 1851 to the chair of botany and as director of the museum and
garden at Upsala. Devoted his attention particularly to the study
of mycology, and introduced a natural system of botany and
morphology. Author of Flora Hollandica, 1817; Novitie flore

AT

Suecice, 1828 ; Systema mycologicum, 1821-1830 ; Nove symbole
mycologice, 1851; Systema orbis vegetabilis, 1825, containing
a description of the natural system; Flora Scanica, 1835 ;
Summa vegetabilium Scandinavie, 1846-9, and other works.
Died at Upsala. The genus Friesia was dedicated to him by
De Candolle.

Reproduction from a photograph, 1878.

Bust, as an old man in a skull-cap, face slightly turned to the
right.

LEONARD FUCHS, M.D. 1501 ?-1566.

Celebrated German physician and botanist. Born at Wemb-
dingen, Bavaria. Educated at Heilbronn, Erfurt, and Ingolstadt,
where he graduated in medicine. Professor of medicine success-
ively at Ingolstadt, Anspach, and at Tibingen, 1535, which post
he held till his death. His botanical researches were summed up
in his De Historia Stirpium, 1542, a work illustrated with more
than 500 excellent outline illustrations. One of the fathers of
scientific botany who “has secured a verdant immortality in the
well-known Fuchsia,’ which was cailed after him by Plumier.
Author, also, of a number of medical works.

Line engraving by Theodor de Bry.

To the waist, seated at a table within an arch, as an old man in
a fur cloak and cap, holding a flower in his right hand.

FRANGOIS BENJAMIN GAIEGON. 1782-1839.

French botanist and zoologist. Born at Rouen. He became
principal receiver of customs at Boulogne, and devoted his leisure
to the study of natural history and botany in particular. Author
of Tableaux synoptiques des genres-Nemazonira ; Apercu d'histoire
naturelle ; and contributed a number of papers on Thalassophytes,
Conferve, &ce. to scientific journals. Died at Boulogne. The genus
Gaillonia was dedicated to him by A. Richard.

Line and stipple engraving, ad vivum 1827, by Antoine Tardieu.

Bust (in an oval) in a buttoned-up coat, face three-quarters to
the left.

48

King GHORGE ffi. 1738-1820.

Eldest son of Frederick, Prince of Wales, and the Princess
Augusta, daughter of Frederick, Duke of Saxe-Gotha, was born
at Norfolk House, St. James’s Square, succeeded his grandfather,
1760, as George III., married Princess Charlotte of Mecklenburg-
Strelitz, 1761, and died at Windsor Castle. On the death of
his mother in 1772, he bought the freehold of Kew House, where
the Princess had lived, and founded in 1759 a botanic garden. He
maintained, with the assistance of such distinguished savants as
the Karl of Bute and Sir Joseph Banks, the botanical character of
the establishment, with even greater energy than his mother. At
the King’s death Kew Palace ceased to be a royal residence.

Plaster cast from a copy, 1837, by Sir F, Chantrey, R.A., after a
marble bust, 1771, by J. Bacon, R.A.

Bust, wearing the collar of the Garter, head turned slightly to
the left.

Presented by Her Majesty Queen Victoria. (WOOD
MUSEUN..)

ConrAD GESNER, M.D. 1516-1565.

Famous Swiss scholar, natural philosopher and _ botanist.
Born at Zurich and studied at Strasburg, Paris, Basle, and Mont-
pellier. He practised as a physician at Basle, and in 1541 returned,
as professor of physics and natural history, to his native place,
where he founded a small botanic garden. Gesner was probably
the most comprehensive scholar of his age, bis knowledge of
ancient and modern languages and natural history in its various
branches being most profound. Bibliotheca Universalis, 1545-55,
Historie Animalium, 1551-8, the basis of modern zoology, Cala-
logus plantarum, in Latin, Greek, French, and German, and Opera
Botanica, which existed in MS. till 1753-59, may be cited among
his principal works. A genus Gesnera is named after him. Died
of the plague at Zurich.

Wood engravings.

A. To the waist, seated in a cap and gown at a table, elderly
bearded face, three-quarters to the right.

B. Bust (in an oval) similar to above but on a larger scale.

yun |

49

JOHANN GEORG GIMELIN, M.D. 1709-1755.

German traveller and naturalist. Born at Tiibingen, where his
father, a celebrated pharmaceutist, instructed him in natural
sciences. M.D. 1727, and professor of chemistry and natural
history at St. Petersburg, 1731. In 1733 he went as naturalist,
on a scientific expedition to Siberia, where he remained for ten
years, and traversed almost the whole country. Published on
his return Flora Sibirica, sive historia plantarum Sibirice, 1747-
1769, Reisen durch Siberien von dem Jahre, 1733-40, 1751-2. He
returned to Tiibingen, in 1749, as professor of botany and
chemistry, a chair he occupied till his death. A genus Gmelina
was named after him by Linneus.

Line engraving.

To the waist (within an arched frame), in a fur-lined cap and
jacket, face three-quarters to the righi.

JOHANN WOLFGANG VON GOETHE. 1749-1832.

Famous German dramatic author, poet, and naturalist. Author
of Faust, Wilhelm Meister, and other celebrated works. Born at
Frankfort-on-Main. He gave much time to scientific studies, in
the course of ~which he made discoveries of some importance in
comparative anatomy and vegetable physiology, and was the
author of several treatises on the metamorphosis of plants. Died
at Weimar.

Line engraving by IF’. Weber.

Bust, in a cloak, clean shaven face three-quarters to the right.

ANOTHER PORTRAIT.
Bronze medal designed by G. Loos and executed by F. Konig.
Head, profile to left.

a0

SAMUEL GOODENOUGH, D.C.L., F.BS., F.S.A., F.LS.
1743-1827.

Bishop of Carlisle. Born at Kimpton, in Hampshire, and
educated at Westminster and Oxford. Having inherited from
his father the advowson of Broughton Poggs, Oxon., he entered
the church and became Canon of Windsor, 1798, Dean of Rochester,
1802, and Bishop of Carlisle, 1808. He was a fellow of the Royal
and Linnean Societies and of the Society of Antiquaries. He was
much interested in botany and contributed papers on the genus.
Carex, British Fuci, and natural history to the transactions of the
Linnean Society. The genus Goodenia was dedicated to him by
Sir J. E. Smith. His herbarium is at Kew. Died at Worthing.

Mezzotint engraving (proof) by H. H. Meyer after a painting
by James Northcote, R.A

To below the knees, seated, in a wig and episcopal robes, face
three-quarters to the left.

Presented, 1904, by Sir William T. Thiselton-Dyer, K.C.M.G..,.
F.B.S., D.C.L., LL.D.

ANTOINE GOUAN, M.D. 1733-1821.

French botanist. Born at Montpellier, where he was afterwards.
professor of botany and materia medica. His first work was.
Hortus regius Monspeliensis, 1762, in which he “followed the
Linnzan system. He made many excursions to the Pyrenees and
published the results of his observations in Jllustrationes et Obser-.
vationes Botanica. Author also of Flora Monspeliaca, 1765 ;
Excplication du systéme botanique du Chevalier von Linné, 1787, and
other works. The genus Gouania has been called after him. Died.
at Montpellier.

Line and stipple engraving probably by Ambroise Tardieu.
Bust, in a wig, profile to the right.

ROBERT GRAHAM, M.D., F.LS. 1786-1845.

Born at Stirling, and educated at Glasgow and Edinburgh
Universities. Graduated M.D. at Edinburgh, 1808. Practised at.

ol

Glasgow where, from 1813 to 1818, he was the tirst occupant of the
chair of botany at the University. In 1819 he was Regius Professor
of Botany at Edinburgh, and in 1838, President of the Botanical
Society of Edinburgh. He wrote a number of papers for
botanical journals and spent much time on a Flora of Great
Britain, which remained unfinished at his death. Died at Coldech,
Perthshire.

Crayon drawing by Sir Daniel Macnee, P.RS.A.
To the waist, seated, slightly to the left.
Dimensions—17% ins. by 133 ins.

Hooker Collection.

ANOTHER PORTRAIT.
Line and stipple engraving by Edward Mitchell.

Bust, in a coat with a high collar, facing spectator.

AsA GRAY, M.D., LL.D. 1810-1888.

Distinguished American botanist. Born at Sauquoit, near Paris,
in the state of New York. Educated at Fairfield Academy and gradu-
ated in medicine at New York in 1831. With Dr. Torrey, he was
among the first to attempt the classification of species on the
natural system, and conjointly they published in 1838 the first part
of the Flora of North America. Many valuable botanical acqui-
sitions of the U.S. Government expeditions were described by
Gray and Torrey and published in official reports or as separate
monographs, the most important being Plante Lindheimeriane
1845-50 ; Plante Fendleriane Novi Mexicana, 1849; Plante
Wrightiane, 1852-3 ; and Genera Flore Americe Boreali-Orientalis
Illustrata, 1848-50. Professor of natural history and botany at
Harvard University, from 1842 to 1873, when he retired, but
retained charge of the large herbarium, principally his own collec-
tions, which had been presented to the university in 1864. Author
also of Synoptical Flora, 1878, his magnum opus ; numerous
botanical text-books, and many biographies of American scientists.

a2

President, 1863-73, of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences,
and was a member of many Eurcpean scientific societies and
academies. Died at Cambridge, Mass. Commemorated by the
genus Graya.

Crayon drawing by Sir Daniel Macnee, P.R.S.A.

To the waist, seated, clean shaven face three-quarters to the
right.

Dimensions—17% ins. by 133 ins.

Hooker Collection.

ANOTHER PORTRAIT.

Engraving, 1890, by G. Krueil.

Bust, elderly bearded face three-quarters to the right.
Presented, Nov. 1890, by Mrs. Asa Gray.

ANOTHER PORTRAIT.
Photograph taken late in life.

Half-length, seated, holding spectacles in his left hand, bearded
face three-quarters left.

Presented by Dr. AsaGray. (HERBARIUM.)

AUTOGRAPH.

JOHN EDWARD GRAY, Ph.D., F.R.S., F.0.S. 1800-1875.

Naturalist. Born at Walsall, the son of Samuel Frederick
Gray. Studied medicine in London, assisted his father in the
production of Natural arrangement of British Plants, and lectured
on botany. Assistant, 1824, and keeper, from 1840 to 1875, of
the Zoological Department of the British Museum. Between 1824
and 1863 he contributed nearly 1,200 papers to scientific literature,
principally on zoological subjects. Published in 1864 British
Water Weeds. He was a member of most of the scientific
societies of London. The great work of his life was the

Pr 7

53

increasing the collection in his charge and the organisation and
the editing of the splendid series of descriptive catalogues of
its treasures. Died in London.

Oil-painting on panel by Henry Phillips.

To the knees, seated at a table and holding a book, clean
shaven face three-quarters to the right.

Dimensions—194 ins, by 16 ins.

SAMUEL FREDERICK GRAYW. 1766-1828.

Lecturer on botany, the materia medica, and pharmaceutic
chemistry. Author of A Natural Arrangement of British Plants,
1821; A Supplement to the Pharmacopwia, and The Operative
Chemist, 1828; and translated Linneus’s Philosophia Botanica.
Father of Dr. John Edward Gray and George Edward Gray, who
were respectively keeper and assistant keeper of the Zoological
Department, British Museum.

Oil-painting on panel, artist unknown.

Bust, in a black coat ard frilled cravat, elderly, clean shaven
face three-quarters to the right.

Dimensions—8} ins. by 6 ins.

Presented by his grandson, S. O. Gray, Esq., 1893.

GEORGE BELLAS GREENOUGH, M.P., F.RBS., F.LS.,
P.R.G.S. 1778-1854.

Geographer, geologist and naturalist. Born the son of a
proctor of Doctor’s Commons named Bellas, he added the name
Greenough to his own on inheriting his grandfather’s fortune.
Studied at Cambridge, and natural history under Blumenbach at
Gcttingen. M.P. for Gatton, Surrey. President in 1811, 1818
and 1833 of the Geological Society, which he was mainly
instrumental in founding. Formed a collection of fossils, was
the author of A Critical Examination of the First Principles of

o4

Geology, and drew up geological maps of the British Isles and
India. Died at Naples.
Etching in outline, 1845, by R. A. W.

Whole length, seated in armchair reading a newspaper, profile
to right.

RospeRT KAYE GREVIELE, M.D., LL.D., F.LS.
1794-1866.

Born at Bishop Auckland, Durham. Studied medicine in
London and Edinburgh. In 1823 he began the publication of
his Scottish Cryptogamic Flora (completed in 1828), and in 1824
issued the Flora Edinensis. Fellow of the Royal Society, Edin-
burgh, 1821, and at this time a lecturer on botany. He formed
extensive collections of plants, insects, marine crustacea and
fresh-water molluscs. Began, in 1829, in conjunction with
Hooker the publication of Jcones Filicum, and in 1830 produced
his important work Alge Britannice. Most of his collections
have been acquired for the British and other public museums.
Buried in Edinburgh. The genus Kayea was named after him.

Crayon drawing by Sir Daniel Macnee, P.R.S.A.
ca the waist, seated, clean shaven face three-quarters to the
eit.

Dimensions—17% ins. by 133 ins,

Hooker Collection.

NEHEMIAH GREW, M.D., F.R.S., F.R.C.P. 1641-1712.

Vegetable anatomist. Born at Atherstone or Mancetter, near
Warwick. Educated at Cambridge, and graduated M.D. at
Leyden. He was invited to London by the Royal Society, of
which he became Secretary in 1677, and produced his first essay
The Anatomy of Vegetables begun, 1671-2. Published in 1680
The Anatomy of Plants. lLinnzus dedicated to him the genus
Grewia in Tiliacez. Died in London.

Stipple engraving by Newton after the painting belonging to the
Royal Society.

Bust (in an oval) in a wig, cloak, and cravat, face three-quarters
to the right.

Engraved for Dr. Thornton’s L’lora.

a

re.

D0
WILLIAM GRIFFITH, F.L.S. 1810-1845.

Distinguished Indian botanist. Born at Ham Common, Surrey,
and was educated for the medical profession at University
College, London. Appointed Assistant Surgeon in the East India
Company’s service at Madras, 1832. Explored with Dr. Wallich
and Dr. MacClelland the forests of Assam ; served with Major
Pemberton in the embassy to Bhotan, 1837-8; and explored the
Hindoo Koosh and Afghanistan, 1839, making collections of great
value. Superintendent of the Botanic Garden and Professor in
the Medical College, Calcutta, 1842. He began a Flora of India,
but died at Malacca from the effects of overwork. Some of
his work, e.g. cones Plantarum Asiaticarum, was _ published
posthumously. His herbarium is at Kew. Commemorated by
the genus Griffithia.

A. Daguerreotype.

To the knees, seated, holding a flower in his left hand, face
three-quarters to the left.

B. Lithograph, 1843, after the daguerreotype.
To the waist, seated, face three-quarters to the right.

AUTOGRAPH (facsimile).

Heinrich RupotF Aucust GRISEBACH, M.D., F.M.LS.
1814-1879.

German botanist. Born in Hanover. Professor, 1841, and
director of the botanic gardens at Gottingen, 1875. Especially
distinguished for his work on the geographical distribution of
plants. Author of Genera et Species Gentianarum, 1839; Erléu-
terungen ausgewdhlter Pflanzen des tropischen Amerikas, 1860 ;
Flora of the British West India Islands, 1859-64; Catalogus
Plantarum Cubensium, 1866; Plante Lorentziane, 1874 ; and Die
Vegetation der Erde, 1872.

Etching.

To the waist (within an oval), examining a flower through a
magnifier, profile to right.

56

JOHANN FRIEDRICH GRONOVIUS. 1611-1671.

Celebrated German antiquarian and classical scholar. Born at
Hamburg and studied at Leipsic, Jena, Altdorf and Groningen.
Professor at Deventer, 1643, and at Leyden, 1653, where he
remained till his death. Distinguished for his knowledge of the
classics and his numerous learned publications. Author, among
other works, of Plinii Historia naturalis, 1669. His grandson
Jan Fredrik Gronovius was the celebrated naturalist and friend
of Linnzus. The genus Gronovia was dedicated to him.

Line engraving by J. Munnickhuysen.

Bust (in an oval) wearing a gown, skull-cap and large flat
collar, face slightly turned to the right.

RONALD CAMPBELL GUNN, F.R.S., F.L.S. 1808-1881.

Naturalist. Born at Cape Town, the son of an army officer.
Emigrated from the Barbadoes to Tasmania in 1829, where he was
superintendent of convict-prisons and a magistrate. He corre-
sponded with Sir William Hooker, sending plants to Kew, and
with Dr. J. E. Gray, to whom he forwarded a series of mammals,
birds, reptiles and mollusca for the Natural History Museum. He
helped to form the Royal Society of Tasmania. Died at Hobart
Town. His name is commemorated by the genus Gunnia.

Coloured crayon drawing, artist uncertain.
Bust, face three-quarters to the right.
Dimensions—14i ins. by 103 ins.

Hooker Collection.

Rev. STEPHEN HALES, D.D., F.R.S. 1677-1761.

Botanical and animal physiologist. Born at Bekesbourne, Kent,
and educated at Cambridge. Rector of Farringdon in Hampzshire,
and Clerk of the Closet to the Princess of Wales, 1751. He wasa
Fellow of the Royal Society and a foreign member of the French
Academy of Science, 1753, and an active founder of the Society
of Arts. His book Vegetable Staticks, 1727, part of Statical Essays,

57

was translated into French, German, Dutch and Italian. He was
also an inventor, and writer on miscellaneous subjects. Died at
Teddington. Commemorated by the genus Halesia.

Mezzotint engraving by J. McArdell after a painting by Thomas
Hudson.

To the waist (in an oval), in a wig and clerical gown, face three-
quarters right.

Presented, 1877, by Dr. Masters, F.R.S.

ALBRECHT VON HALLER, M.D. 1708-1777.

Celebrated Swiss physiologist, botanist and poet. Born at
Berne, and developed at an early age remarkable mental power.
Graduated M.D. at Leyden at the early age of nineteen, and
shortly afterwards wrote his poem Die Alpen. Professor of
botany and anatomy at Gottingen from 1736 to 1753, when he
returned to Berne. During this period, in addition to his professorial
duties, he published eighty-six scientific works. His principal
botanical works Enumeratio methodica Stirpium Helvetic, 1742, and
Historia stirpium indigenarum Helvetie, 1768, have become
classics. Author also of Elementa Physiologiw, 1757-66, and
Bibliothece, critical catalogues of botany, surgery, anatomy and
practical medicine. He is sometimes described as the father of
modern physiology. Died at Berne. His name is commemorated
by the genus Halleria.

Lithograph.

Bust, wearing a wig, head turned three-quarters to the left.

DANIEL HANBURY, F.BS., F.L.S. 1825-1875.

Pharmacologist. Born in London, and at the age of sixteen
entered the firm of Allen & Hanbury in which his father was a
partner. In 1844 he entered as a student in the laboratory of the
Pharmaceutical Society, of which he became a member in 1857, and
from 1860 to 1872 served on their board of examiners. Author of

(K.C.) E

38

Inquiries relating to Pharmacology and Economic Botany ; and Phar-
macographia, 1874. Dr. Seemann named the cucurbitaceous genus
Hanburya after him. Died at Clapham.

Original plaster cast from the medallion modelled in 1875 by Thomas
Woolmer, R.A.

Head (life size, within a circle), in low relief, profile to right,
Ipomoea simulans on the right and Liquidambar orientale on the

left of the plaque.
Presented, 1893, by Mrs. Woolner.

WILLIAM HENRY HARVEY, M.D., F.B.S., F.LS.
1811-1865.

Born at Summerville, near Limerick. Went to school at
Ballitore, Co. Kildare, the master of which was an accomplished
botanist. Sailed in 1835 for Cape Town and studied the botany
of South Africa. Returned to England in 1842, and became the
leading authority on alge. Hon. M.D. of Dublin and curator of
the herbarium of Trinity College, 1844; and succeeded, in 1856,
to the chair of botany at the University. In 1849 he visited the
United States, and between 1853-6 India, Australia and the South
Sea Islands. Author of Genera of S. African Plants, 1838 ;
Manual of British Algw, 1841; Phycologia Britannica, 1846-51 ;
and numerous otber works. Died at Torquay. The genus
Harveya was dedicated to him.

Coloured crayon drawing by Sir Daniel Macnee, P.R.S.A.
Bust, seated, clean shaven, face three-quarters to the left.
Dimensions—17% ins. by 133 ins.

Hooker Collection.

ANOTHER PORTRAIT.
Lithograph, 1850, by T. H. Maguire.

Half length, seated, holding a book, face three-quarters to the
right.
AUTOGRAPH (facsimile).

og

JOHN HAVERFIELD. 1694-1784.

Appointed by the Princess Dowager of Wales, on the recom-
mendation of Lord Bute, superintendent of that portion of the
present Royal Botanic Gardens originally known as Kew Gardens.
On the death of George IT., in 1760, he was put in charge of the
Richmond Garden.

Photograph from a painting by John Zoffany, R.A.

Bust (in an oval) in full wig, face three-quarters to the left.

Presented, 1901, by C. T. Stevens, Esq.

JOHN HAVERFIELD, Junior, J.P. 1741 ?-1820.

Succeeded his father as superintendent of that portion of the
present Royal Botanic Gardens then called Richmond Gardens
and of the Royal vegetable garden adjoining the Richmond Road.
Retired about 1795.

Photograph from a crayon drawing.

To the waist, seated, with his hands folded in front, elderly
face three-quarters to the left.

Presented, 1901, by C. T. Stevens, Esq.

JOHANN HEDWIG, M.D. 1730-1799.

German botanist. Born at Cronstadt, in Transylvania, and
graduated at Leipsic. Studied grasses and cryptogamic plants in
Saxony, having returned to Leipsic, in 1781, as professor of medicine,
and later, in 1789, became professor of botany and director of the
botanic garden. He did much to advance the cause of botany, and
was the author of Fundamentum Historie Naturalis Muscorum
frondosorum, 1782-3 ; Stirpes Cryptogamice, 1785-95 ; and Species
Muscorum frondosorum, published posthumously. A genus of
mosses was named Hedwigia after him. Died at Leipsic.

Line engraving, 1798, by S. K.

To the waist, seated at a table with a microscope and specimen,
turned three-quarters to the left.

Hooker Collection. Given to;Mr. Dawson Turner by Dr. R. A.
Hedwig, his son.

(K.C.) E2

60

ARTHUR HENFREY, M.R.CS., F.R.S., F.L.S. 1819-1859.

Born at Aberdeen. Studied medicine and surgery at St. Bartho-
lomew’s, London, and was admitted M.R.C.S. in 1843. Lectured
on plants at St. George’s Hospital, and succeeded Edward Forbes in
the botanical chair at King’s College, 1853. Author of Outlines of
Structural and Physiological Botany, 1847 ; Rudiments of Botany,
1849 ; The Vegetation of Europe, 1852; and edited a number
of scientific works. Died at Turnham Green. Commemorated
by the genus Henfreya.

Stipple engraving by R. Hicks.

To the waist (in an oval) seated, wearing spectacles, clean shaven
face profile to the right.

REv. JOHN STEVENS HENSLOW, M.A., F.LS., F.G:S.
1796-1861.

Born at Rochester, the son of a solicitor, and educated there and
at Cambridge. In 1819 he assisted in founding the Cambridge
Philosophical Society, from 1822 to 1828 he held the chair of
mineralogy, and from 1825 to 1861 the chair of botany at Cambridge.
He was ordained priest 1824, and became Vicar of Cholsey, 1832,
and Rector of Hitcham, 1837. At Cambridge he was a popular
lecturer, and numbered Darwin, Berkeley, and Babington among
his pupils. Asagreat promoter of economic botany he rendered
Sir W. J. Hooker valuable assistance in the arrangement of the
Kew Museums. Author of Catalogue of British Plants, 1829 ;
and Principles of Descriptive and Physiological Botany, 1836.
Died at Hitcham. His name is commemorated by the genus
Henslowia.

Marble bust sculptured in 1861 by Thomas Woolner, R.A.

Facing spectator, his hair is thick and he wears side whiskers,
but bis upper lip and chin are clean shaven.

Presented by Miss Henslow.

ANOTHER PORTRAIT.

Lithograph, 1851, by T. H. Maguire.

Half-length, seated, resting his right arm ona table, head turned
three-quarters to the left.

AvuToGraPH (facsimile).

61

JOHAN HEINRICH VON HEUCHER. 1677-1747.

German physician. Born at Vienna. Professor of anatomy
and botany at Wittenberg, and member of the Aulic Council.
Author of Index Plantarum Horti Medici Academie Vitembergensis,
1711; and Novi Proventus Horti Medici Academie Vitembergensis,
1711-15. Died at Dresden. Commemorated by the genus
Heuchera.

Line engraving.

Bust (in an oval), in a wig, cloak over his left shoulder,
facing spectator.

JOHN HELL, M.D. 1716-1775.

Born at Peterborough. Apprenticed to, and afterwards set up
as, an apothecary in St. Martin’s Lane, London. Obtained a
diploma of medicine from St. Andrews. He enlisted the patronage
of Lord Bute, at whose instance he published The Vegetable System.
1759-75, and who obtained for him the appointment of first
Superintendent of the Botanic Gardens, Kew, although there is
some doubt about his having ever occupied this position. He took
much interest in Kew, and published Hortus Kewensis, 1758. He
was author of A History of the Materia Medica, 1751 ; Family
Herbal, 1755; Britesh Herbal, 1756; and of numerous works on
botanical and other subjects. Knight of the Swedish Order of
Vasa. Died at Bayswater. The genus Hillia is named after him.

Mezzotint engraving by R. Houston, after a drawing by F.
Cotes, R.A.

To the waist (in an oval), in a wig, face almost profile to right.

BriAN HoucHTON HODGSON, F.R.S., D.C.L. 1800-1894.

Eminent orientalist, and discoverer of the original Sanscrit
Buddhist scriptures. Born at Lower Beech, Macclesfield, and
educated at Haileybury College. Entering the service of the East
India Company in 1818, he was appointed to Nepal as Secretary
to the Embassy, 1820-29, and Resident, 133-43. He devoted
himself to the study of the religion, languages, literature, and

(hse)

6:

zoology of that country and Tibet, and contributed, between
1824 and 1857, a long series of articles to the scientific journals
of Bengal upon these subjects. He also made large zoological
collections, of which he gave freely to the British and other
museums. He retired in 1843, but continued his researches in
India from 1846 to 1858, when he returned home. Auitbor of
Illustrations of Literature and Religion of the Buddhists, 1841 ;
Essays on Language, Literature, and Religion of Nepal and
Thibet, 1874 ; and a number of works on zoology. Commemorated
by the genus Hodgsonia.

Etching, 1886, by T. Blake Wirgman.

To the waist, seated at his writing desk, in morning dress, face
three-quarters to the left.

Sir EvERsrD HOME, P.B.CS., F.B.S. 1756-1832.

Eminent surgeon. He was the son of a Scottish surgeon and
studied under the celebrated John Hunter, who was his brother-in-
law. Sergeant-Surgeon to George III., George IY., and William
IV.; Surgeon to Chelsea Hospital and Honorary Professor of
Anatomy and Surgery to the Royal College of Surgeons. Follow-
ing the example of Lord Bute and Sir Joseph Banks, he, on the
death of the latter in 1820, gave external scientific encouragement
to Kew. Author of numerous surgical and medical works. Died
at Chelsea.

Silhouette drawn on paper.
Bust, profile to right.
Hooker Collection.

Sir JOSEPH DALTON HOOKER, G.CS.1, C.B., D.C.L., LL.D.,
P.RS., F.L.S. B. 1817. Living 1906.

Celebrated botanist and traveller. Son of Sir William Jackson
Hooker, in whose distinguished footsteps he has followed. Born
at Halesworth and educated at Glasgow, where he graduated M.D.
in 1839. In the same year he accompanied Sir James Clark Ross
in the Erebus to the Antarctic regions, visiting also the Auckland

63

Islands, Tasmania, and New Zealand. He explored the Sikkim
Himalayas, travelled and collected in India, 1847-51, in Syria,
1860, in Morocco and the Great Atlas Mountains, 1871, and the
Uniied States, 1877. Appointed in 1855 Assistant Director at Kew,
he succeeded, on the death of his father, in 1865, to the Director-
ship, which he resigned in 1885. Member of various scientific
societies throughout the world. Author of Botany of the Antarctic
Voyage, 1847-60, Rhododendrons of the Sikkim-Himalaya, 1849-51,
Himalayan Journals, 1854, Genera Plantarum, 1862, The Flora of
British India, 1874, and other works. The genera Josephia and
Sirhookera were named in his honour.

Bronze cast of a medallion executed in 1898 by Frank Bowcher for
the Linnean Society.

Head profile to left.

Dimensions—9} ins. in diameter.

This portrait, executed to record the completion of his Flora of
British India and sixty years’ service to science, was presented in
1899 by the President and Council of the Linnean Society.

Another bronze cast of this medallion was presented in 1906,
by the sculptor, to the HERBARIUM.

ANOTHER PORTRAIT.
Photogravure from the painting by Hubert von Herkomer, R.A.,
belonging to the Linnean Society.

Half-length, seated in a fur-lined coat, elderly face, wearing
spectacles, seen three-quarters to the right.

Presented by Sir Joseph Dalton Hooker,.G.C.S.1., &e.

ANOTHER PORTRAIT.

Original pen and ink drawing, executed in 1886, by T. Blake
Wirgman, for ‘ The Graphic.’

Half length, seated at a writing table in his study, wearing
spectacles, face almost profile to left.

Dimensions—1034 ins. by 13 ins.

Presented by Sir William T. Thiselton-Dyer, K.C.M.G., D.C.L.,
LL.D. F.RS. (HERBARIUM.)

64

Sir WILLIAM JACKSON HOOKER, K.H., LL.D., D.C.L.,
F.R.S., F.L.S. 1785-1865.

Celebrated botanist. Born at Norwich, and from an early
age devoted himself to the study of botany. Visited Iceland in
1809, and devoted much attention to cryptogamic botany.
Engaged from 1812 to 1816 on British Jungermannie and
assisted Dr. Taylor in Muscologia Britannica, 1818. Regius
Professor of Botany at Glasgow, 1820, and in the following year
~ published his Flora Scotica. Editor from 1827 of the Botanical
Magazine. In 1830 he produced his British Flora, a work which
has gone through many editions, and in 1833-40 his Flora
Boreali-Americana. In 1841 he was appointed Director of Kew
Gardens, where he effected radical changes and improvements,
kept his valuable herbarium, founded museums and built
conservatories, and continued his great contributions to betanical
literature—Genera Filicwm, Species Filicum, and other works.
Few have done more to advance the study of botany in Britain.
He was a member of the scientific academies of Paris, Berlin,
Vienna and New York. Died at Kew. The genus of mosses
Hookeria is named after him.

Marble bust sculptured in 1859 by Thomas Woolner, R.A.

Head turned slightly to the left, coat and waistcoat open
showing shirt with loose turned-over collar and large bow-tie.

Presented by Henry Christy, Esq., F.R.S.

ANOTHER PORTRAIT.

Crayon drawing by Sir Daniel Macnee, P.R.S.A. |

To the waist, seated, clean shaven face three-quarters to the
left.

Dimensions—153 ins. by 13 ins.

Presented by Dr. Bushnhan. (HERBARIUM...)

ANOTHER PORTRAIT.

Mezzotint engraving by William Walker after a painting by
Spiridione Gambardella belonging to the Linnean Society.

To the waist in a double-breasted coat, head turned three-
quarters to the left.

Purchased, 1898.

65

ANOTHER PORTRAIT.

Small medallion, executed in Wedgwood ware.
Head profile to right.
Hooker Collection.

FRIEDRICH HEINRICH ALEXANDER BARON VON HUMBOLDT.
1769-1859.

The most renowned naturalist, scientist and traveller of modern
times. Born in Berlin. Accompanied by Bonpland he made a
celebrated expedition to South America, 1799-1804, described in
his famous works Voyage aux Regions Equinoxiales du Nouveau
Continent, 1814-1821 ; Vue de Cordilléres, etc., 1810-6 ; and their
scientific supplements, the materials for which were re-edited by
©. 8. Kunth, Essai sur la Géographie des Plantes ; Monographie des
Meélastomacées, 1809 and 1823 ; Nova Genera et Species plantarum,
1815-25 ; Mimoses ect autres plantes légumineuses, 1819-24 ;
Synopsis Plantarum, 1822-6; Revision des Graminées, 1829-34.
Author also of Kosmos, 1847-51, a summary of the laws and
conditions of the physical universe. Died at Potsdam and
accorded a public funeral of great magnificence.

Etching by Mrs. Dawson Turner from a sketch, 1815, by Thomas
Phillips, R.A.
Bust, clean shaven face, profile to left.

AUTOGRAPH. Framed with his pen and ink drawing of
a Cuenca, signed and dated Humbolt del. July 1802.

ANOTHER PORTRAIT.

Bronze medal designed by G'. Loos and executed by G. Pfeuffer.
Head, profile to left.

NicHoL4’s JosEPH BARON VON JACQUIN. 1727-1817.

Dutch botanist and chemist. Born at Leyden and studied at
Aniwerp, Leyden, Paris and Vienna. Dispatched is 1755 by the

66

Emperor of Austria on an expedition to Central America, and re-
turned in 1758 with a large collection of plants and other cbjects of
natural history, described in his Exumeratio systematica plantarum
quas in insulis Caribeis, ete., 1760, and Selectarum stirpium
Americanarum historia, 1763. Professor of chemistry and miner-
alogy at Chemnitz, 1763, and afterwards of botany and chemistry
at Vienna. He was ennobled by the Emperor Francis II.
Author also of Flore Austriace, etc. Icones, 1773-8; Icones
Plantarum rariorum, 1781-94, and other works. Died at Vienna.
The genus Jacquinia was dedicated to him by Linnzus.
Lithograph.

, ao in agown, aged clean shaven face three-quarters to the
eft.

— ee

WILLIAM JAMESON, M.D. 1796-1873.

Born at Edinburgh, the son of a Writer to the Signet, and
obtained his degree there. Went to Baffin’s Bay in 1818 and 1820,
and settled in South America in 1822, remaining at Guayaquil until
1827, when he removed to Quito and became professor of chemistry |
and botany at the university there. Prepared, in 1865, at the
instance of the Ecuadorean Government Synopsis Plantarum
Quitensium, a work which was never completed. He sent home
many new species of plants. A genus of ferns is called Jamesonia
after him. Died at Quito.

Painted in oils at Quito in 1842 by Antonio Salas.

Bust, in a dark blue coat and white waistcoat, clean shaven face
three-quarters to the left.

Dimensions—17 ins. by 14 ins.

Hooker Collection.

ve

GEorRGE JOHNSTON, M.D., LL.D. 1797-1855.

Naturalist. Born at Simprim, Berwickshire. Graduated M.D.
at Edinburgh, and settled at Berwick, of which town he was three
times mayor. One of the founders of the Ray Society and the
Berwickshire Naturalists’ Club. Author of Flora of Berwick-
upon-Tweed, 1829-31, with illustrations by his wife; Botany of

67

the Eastern Borders, 1853; History of British Zoophites, 1838 ;
and a number of other works on natural history. Died at
Berwick.

Mezzotint engraving.

To below the knees, seated beside a table, holding spectacles in
his right hand, clean shaven, facing spectator.

Presented by Archibald Hepburn, Esq.

Lupwic JUNGERMANN. 1572-1653.

German botanist. Born at Leipsic, the brother of Gottfried
the philologist. Studied medicine and the natural sciences at
Giessen, and in 1625 was professor of botany at the University at
Altdorf, where he remained till his death. Author of Cutalogus
Plantarum que circa Altdorfium, &c., 1616 ; Cornucopie Flore
Giessensis, &c., 1623 ; Catalogus plantarum que in horto medico et
agro Altdorfino reperiuntur, 1646. The genus Jungermannia was
named after him by Rupp.

Line engraving.

To the waist (in an floral oval) elderly bearded face, three-
quarters to the left.

ADRIEN LAURENT HENRI DE JUSSIEUWV. 1797-1853.
ANTOINE LAURENT DE JUSSIEWU. 1748-1836.
BERNARD DE JUSSIEWV. 1699-1777.

Members of the distinguished French family ‘de Jussieu,’
which came into prominence towards the close of the 16th century
and for more than 150 years was illustrious for the botanists it
produced. The genus Jussiza was named by Linneus after Bernard
and Antoine Laurent de Jussieu.

Commemorative bronze medal executed in 1853 by E. A. Oudine.

Three heads, superposed, in profile to the left.

Inscribed on the reverse :—Aux BOTANISTES DE LA FAMILLE
JUSSIEU. ANTOINE, 1686-1758 — BerNnarpD, 1699-1777 — JosEraH,
1704-1779—ANTOINE LAURENT, 1748-1836—ADRIEN, 1797-1853.
HOMMAGE DES ENFANTS D’ADRIEN DE JUSSIEU.

68

ADRIEN LAvRENT HENRI DE SJUSSIBU, M.D. 1797-1853.
ANTOINE LAURENT DE JUSSIEU, M.D. 1748-1836.

Adrien Laurent Henri, the son of Antoine Laurent, was born
at Paris, where he was educated and took his medical degree. In
1826 he succeeded his father as professor of rural botany and
demonstrator in the museum of natural history, and in 1845
became professor of vegetable organography to the faculty of
the Academy of Sciences, to which he was admitted in 1831. He
was also three times Director of the museum. Author of mono-

graphs on Malpighiacee, Meliaceez, Monocotyledons, &c. and of

various genera, an introductory work styled Botanique, and
numerous papers. He died at Paris, the last of the brilliant
family.

Engraving (anaglyptograph) by Achille Collas.

Two heads (within a circle), superposed in profile to the
right.

For ANOTHER PORTRAIT see page 67.

ANTOINE LAURENT DE JUSSIEUVU, M.D. 1748-1836.

Nephew of Antoine, Bernard and Joseph de Jussieu, born at
Lyons, and trained by his uncle Bernard in medicine and botany.
Graduated M.D. in 1770, when he was appointed assistant to
Lemonnier at the Jardin des Plantes, Paris. In 1789 he published
his Genera Plantarum, which was based on his uncle’s system and
formed the foundation on which modern classification was after-
wards built. In 1793 the Jardin du Roi was re-organised under
the name of Jardin des Plantes and Muséum d’Histoire Naturelle
and Jussieu became professor of rural botany and director of the
museum, which he organised on its present footing. In 1826 he
resigned his professorship in favour of his son Adrien. He was
the author of numerous important works in the Annales and
Memoirs du Muséum. Member of the Academy of Sciences, 1773.
Died at Paris.

Plaster cast from a bust, larger than life, modelled in 1838 by
Pierre Jean David @ Angers.

Presented by Dr. J. E. Gray.
For OTHER PORTRAITS see page 67 and above.

69

BERNARD DE JUSSIEV, M.D. 1699-1777.

A younger brother of Antoine, 1686-1758, and son of an
apothecary of repute, was born at Lyons. He was educated at
Lyons and after travelling with his brother in Spain and Portugal
graduated M.D. at Montpellier in 1720, and at Paris in 1726. In
1722 he succeeded Vaillant as sub-demonstrator of botany in the
Jardin du Roi, a post he held till his death. Became a member of
the Academy of Sciences in 1725, and in the same year edited anew
Tournefort’s Histoire des plants qui naissent aux environs de Paris.
He arranged the plants in the royal gardens of the Trianon at
Versailles according to a system which is explained in his nephew’s
(Antoine Laurent) Genera Plantarum, 1789, and formed the basis
of that work. Died at Paris.

Lithograph from a drawing by Vigneure.

Bust, in a wig and robes, face three-quarters to the right.

CARL FRIEDRICH VON KEBLMEYWER. 1765-1844.

German naturalist. Born at Bebenhausen, Wurtemberg, and
studied at Stuttgart. In 1786, he went to Gottingen, and there
studied with Lichtenberg, Gmelin, and Blumenbach. On return-
ing to Stuttgart he was attached to the Natural History Museum.
Later on he travelled through Germany, became professor at
Tiibingen, and in 1816, was recalled to Stuttgart as director of the
King’s Library and of the botanic garden. Author of Ueber die
Verhdltnisse der organischen Krdfte unter einander in der Reine der
verschiedenen Organisationen, 1793. The genus Kielmeyera is
named after him.

Line and stipple engraving.

Bust (in an oval), in a cloak, wearing long curling hair, profile
to left.

Rev. WILLIAM KIRBY, M.A., F.R.S., F.LS.
1759-1850.

EKatomologist. Born at Witnesham Hall, Suffolk, and educated
at Ipswich and Cambridge. Ordained in 1782, and became Vicar

70

of Coddenham, 1796. An original fellow of the Linnean Society,
he contributed from 1793 a long series of papers to its Trans-
actions, and took an active part in the Zoological Club of the
Society, founded in 1822, which afterwards became the Zoological
Society. He was the author of a considerable number of works
on Entomology, and contributed descriptions to the fourth part
of Fauna Boreali-A mericana, 1837.

Lithograph from a drawing made in his 90th year by W. B.
Spence.

To below the knees, seated beside a table in his study reading,
profile to the left.

—

JOHN LEONARD KNAPP, F.S.A., F.L.S. 1767-1845.

Born at Shenley, Buckinghamshire, the son of the rector.
Entered the navy and afterwards was captain of militia. Devoted
himself to the study of grasses and issued, in 1804, his Gramina
Britannica. Wis most successful work the Journal of a Naturalist,
a botanical companion to White’s Seldorne, was published in 1829.
Died at Alveston, near Bristol. A genus of grasses, previously
known by other names, has been cailed Knappia after him.

Wax bust modelled, August 1836, by Parker of Bath.

To the waist, in a buttoned-up coat, bald-headed and clean
shaven.

Bequeathed, 1873, by Mrs. William S. Pratten.

THoMAS ANDREW BNIGHT, F.RS., F.LS., P.R.HS.
1758-1838.

Vegetable physiologist and horticulturist. Born at Wormesley
Grange, Ludlow, the younger brother of Richard Payne Knight,
the numismatist. Educated at Chiswick and Oxford. In i795 his
work asa horticulturist first became generally knowa through papers
he read before the Royal Society. He was an original member of
the Horticultural Society, 1804, and President from 1811 until his
death. In 1841 was published A Selection from the Physiological
and Horticultural Papers published in the Transctions of the Royal

71

and Horticultural Societies by the late Thomas Andrew Knight.
Died in London. Commemorated by the genus Knightia.
Painted in oils, in 1835, by Solomon Cole.

To the waist, seated in a black coat at a table, clean shaven face
slightly turned to the right.

Dimensions—29% ins. by 244 ins,
Presented, 1881, by Sir Charles Rouse Boughton, Bart.

ANOTHER PORTRAIT.

Silver medal, 1836, by W. Wyon, R.A.
Bust, profile to left.
Issued by the Royal Horticultural Society.

CHARLES DIETRICH EBERHARD RONEG, K.H., F.R.S, F.LS.
1774-1851.

Born in Brunswick and educated at Gottingen. Came to
England in 1800 to arrange the collections of Queen Charlotte. He
was for a time assistant to Dr. Dryander, librarian to Sir J. Banks.
Assistant keeper, 1807, and keeper, 1813, of the department of
Natural History, and afterwards of the Mineralogical department,
in the British Museum. Associated with Dr. Sims in the issue of
Annals of Botany, 1805-7. Died in London.

A. Small waz medallion.
Head profile to left.

B. Small wax medallion unfinished.
Head three-quarters to the left.

Dr. Frizpricu Travcorr RUTZING. 1807-1887.

German naturalist. Born at Ritteburg, Thuringia, and educated
at Halle. In 1835 he was despatched, on the recommendation
of Humboldt, by the Berlin Academy of Sciences on a scientific

(2

expedition to investigate the aquatic plants of the south of
Europe, the result of which he published in two important treatises
on the Transformation of Algz, 1839-1844. On his return he
was appointed professor of natural science at the Polytechnic
School at Nordhausen. Author also of Synopsis Diatomacearum,
1833 ; Phycologia Generalis, 1843 ; Phycologia Germanica, 1845 ;
Tabule Phycologice, 1845-57 ; Species Algarum, 1849. A genus of
Algee was named Kuetzingia after him.

Bronze medal by A. Scharff.
Bust, profile to right.

Jacques Jutien Hovron pp LABILLARDIERE, MD.
1755-1834.

French botanist. Born at Alencon, studied medicineand botany
at Montpellier, and graduated at Paris, 1780. Visited England,
Switzerland, and Italy. in 1786 he visited the Levant, and on his
return published Jcones Plantarum Syriw. In 1791 he accom-
panied, as naturalist, the expedition sent out to Australia in search
of La Pérouse, an account of which he issued in Relation du
voyage a la recherche de La Pérouse, 1795. Author also of Nove
Hollandie Plantarum Specimen, 1804; Sertum Austro-Caledonicum,
1825, the results of his researches and observations in Australasia
and the East Indies. Member of the Academy of Sciences, 1800.

Died at Paris.

Lithograph, 1821, by Julien L. Boilly.

Bust, in a double-breasted coat, clean shaven face, three-quarters
to the left.

JEAN BAPTISTE PIERRE ANTOINE DE MONET, CHEVALIER DE
LAMARCK. 1744-1829. ‘

French naturalist. Born at Barenton in Picardy. Entered the
army in 1760 and served with distinction under Marshal Broglie.
He left the army, the result of an accident, and studied medicine
and natural sciences. Published in 1778 his first work Za Flore
francaise, and wrote the Dictionnaire botanique for the first four

———————————

(>)

volumes of the Encyclopédie méthodique. In 1778 he was
appointed assistant at the Jardin du Roi, on the re-organisa-
tion of which in 1793 he was placed in charge of the inverte-
brata at the Museum d’Historie Naturelle, and later produced
his highly important zoological work Histoire des animaua sane
vertebres. Died in Paris, sadly reduced in circumstances.
Member of the Academy of Sciences. A genus was named after
him Lamarckea, by Persoon, and Marckia, by Richard.

Line and stipple engraving, ad vivum, by Ambroise Tardieu.
Bust, clean shaven face three-quarters to the left.

AYLMER BouRKE LAMBERT, F.RB.S., F.S.A., V.P.L.S,
1761-1842.

Born at Bath and educated at Hackney and Oxford. A founda-
tion member 1788, and Vice-President from 1796 to his death, of
the Linnean Society, and a constant contributor on zoological as
well as botanical subjects to its Transactions. On his father’s
death he moved to Boyton where he formed a large herbarium,
described by D. Don in Lambert’s Pinus, 1803-29, one of the most
sumptuous works ever issued. Discovered Carduus tuberosus and
Centaurea nigrescens. Author of A Description of the genus Cin-
chona, 1797. The Chilian and Peruvian part of his herbarium
was purchased for the British Museum. Died at Kew Green.
The genera Aylmeria and Lambertia were named after him.

Line and stipple engraving by Holl after a drawing by
J. Russell, R.A.

Bust (within an oval), in a wig, leaning on a volume, looking
upwards three-quarters to the right.

Engraved for Dr. Thornton’s Flora.

JEAN VINCENT FELIX BAMOUROUKX. 1779-1825.

French naturalist. Born at Agen where he studied natural
sciences, and at the early age of seventeen was assistant to Boudon
de St. Amans, professor of botany at the Central School. Studied
medicine in Paris, 1807, and in 1811 became professor of natural
history at the Academy of Caen. He devoted particular attention
to zoophytes and marine plants. Author of Essai sur les genres de

(K.C.) F

74

la famille des Thalassophytes non articulées, 1813; Histoire géné-
rale....and Exposition méthodique des Polypiers, 1816 ; papers on
P Histoire naturelle des Zoophytes ; and co-operated in the pro-
duction of a Dictionnaire classique d’ Histoire naturelle. He was
aiso a contributor to most of the scientific journals. Died at
Caen. The genus Lamourouxia was named after him.

Etching by Mrs. Dawson Turner after a drawing by John Sell
Cotman.

Bust, clean shaven face, profile to left.

JOHAN MarTIN CHRIsTIAN LANGE, M.D., F.M.LS.
1818-1898.

Professor of botany at Copenhagen. Distinguished for his
snare as editor of the Flora Danica. Died at Copenhagen.

Lithograph by P. Gemzoe from a photograph.
Bust, bearded face, three-quarters to the right.
AUTOGRAPH (facsimile).

Sir JoHN BENNET DAWES, Bart., D.C.L., LUD., F.R.S.
1814-1900.

Agriculturist. Born at Rothamsted, and educated at Eton and
Oxford. On succeeding to his estate, in 1834, he began regular
experiments in agricultural chemistry, and, in 1843, established on
his own property the Rothamsted experiment station. In
the same year he started at Deptford the manufacture of super-
phosphate of lime, a manure which produced quite a revolution in
the science of agriculture. He was the recipient of gold medals
from the Royal Society, the Imperial Agricultural Society of
Russia, and the Emperor of Germany, and created a Baronet in
1882. The results of his investigations are to be found in the
Journals of the Royal Agricultural Society, and other scientific
journals. Died at Harpenden.

Photogravure from a painting by Hubert von Herkomer, R.A.

Bust, elderly bearded face, fronting spectator.

aerate by the subscribers to the Rothamsted Jubilee Fund,
1893.

AUTOGRAPH.

75
Rey. WILLIAM ALLPORT LEIGHTON, F.L.S. 1805-1889.

Born at Shrewsbury, the son of a hotel-keeper. Educated at
Wolverhampton, and at Cambridge, where Henslow found in him
a most zealous pupil. After postponing his ordination till 1843 to
draw up his Flora of Shropshire, which he published in 1841, he
resigned his cure in 1848 and devoted himself entirely to botany.
His chief work was Lichen-Flora of Great Britain, 1871, which
reached a third edition in 1879. He gave his collection to the
Herbarium at Kew. Died at Lucifelde, Shrewsbury. Commemo-
rated by Leightonia, a genus of lichens.

Photographs taken from life.

A. Aged about 70, bust in clerical dress, clean shaven, face three-
quarters right.

B. Aged 79. Bust (in an oval) wearing an overcoat, profile to
right.

AUTOGRAPH LETIER presenting photographs, Oct. 1883.

DOMINIQUE SEBASTIAN LEMAN. 1781-1829.

Botanical writer. Born at Naples. Contributed papers to the
scientific journals, and noted chiefly for his descriptions of crypto-
gams in the Dictionnaire des Sciences naturelles. Died at Paris.
The genus Lemanea was named after him.

Line and stipple engraving, ad vivum 1827, by Ambroise Tardieu.

Bust (in an oval), clean shaven, wearing spectacles, face three-
quarters to the right.

LEOPOLD fII., Emperor oF GERMANY. 1747-1792.

Son of the Empress Maria Theresa and the Emperor Francis I.
Became Archduke of 'Tuscany io 1765, and took up his residence
in Florence. He effected improvements of the utmost benefit
throughout his ducal dominions and founded, among other institu-
tions, a botanic garden at Florence. On the death of his brother
Joseph, he succeeded to the Imperial throne.

Silver medal by G. Niderost.

Head, profile to left.

Hooker Collection.

(K.C.) F 2

76

ANTON VAN LEUWENHOECKH, F.M.RB.S. 1632-1723.

Dutch naturalist. Born at Delft. Obtained celebrity as a
maker of optical instruments, and as a microscopic investigator,
the superiority of his lenses giving him great advantage over his
contemporaries. At first an opponent, he afterwards, aided by his
microscopical researches, became a strong supporter of Harvey’s
theory of the circulation of the blood. He devoted his attention
to spermatozoa, and here his researches practically laid the founda-
tion of the modern science of embryology. Admitted in 1679 a
member of the Royal Society, he contributed many valuable
papers to its transactions. His collected works were published in
Dutch, 1686-8, and in Latin, Opera Omnia, &c., 1792. The genus
Levenhookia was dedicated to him.

Line engraving by A. de Blois, after a painting by J. Verkolje.

Bust (within an oval scroll), wearing a wig and gown, facing
spectator.

JOHN LINDLEY, Ph.D., F.RS., F.L.S. 1799-1865.

Botanist and horticulturist. Born at Catton, near Norwich,
where his father was a nurseryman, and educated at Norwich
Grammar School. Assistant Librarian to Sir J. Banks, when he
published Rosarum Monographia, 1820, Collectanea Botanica, and
Digitalium Monographia, in 1821, assistant secretary of the
Royal Horticultural Society, 1822, first professor of botany at the
University of London, 1829, and lecturer on botany to the
Apothecaries Company, 1836. It was on his recommendation that
Kew Gardens were acquired for the nation. Among the best
known of his numerous works are Synopsis of the British Flora,
1829; The Theory of Horticulture, 1840; The Fossil Flora of
Great Britain, 1831-37; and The Vegetable Kingdom, 1846.
Member of the Institute of France. Died at Turnham Green.
Commemorated by the genus Lindleya.

Lithograph, 1849, by T. H. Maguire.
Half length, standing with arms folded, face three-quarters left.

AUTOGRAPH (facsimile).

17

ANOTHER PORTRAIT.

Silver medal by Hakowski.

Bust (within a wreath), wearing spectacles, profile to left.
Struck by the Royal Horticultural Society.

HEINRICH FRIEDRICd LINK, M.D., F.M.R.S., F.M.LS.
1767-1851.

German botanist. Born at Hildesheim, and educated there and
at GOttingen, where he graduated M.D. in 1790. Professor of
natural history and chemistry at Rostock, 1792-1811, of botany at
Breslau, 1811-15,and of botany at Berlin, 1815, where he was also
Director of the botanic garden and of the royal herbarium. He
was a distinguished systematic as well as physiological botanist,
and a member of the Academy of Sciences of Berlin. Author,
conjointly with Count Hoffmannsegg, of Flore Portugaise, and
independently of a great number of works—Elementa Philosophie
Botanice ; Grundlehren der Anatomie und Physiologie der Pflanzen,
i807 ; a series of catalogues of plants n the Berlin garden, and
Jahresberichie tber die Arbeiten fiir physiologische Botanik,
1842-6. Died at Berlin. The genus Linkia was dedicated to him.

Stipple engraving.
Bust (in an oval), clean shaven face three-quarters to the left

CarL von BINNE [CAROLUS LINN ZUS], M.D.
1707-1778.

The famous Swedish botanist and founder of the system of
classification which bears his name. Born at Rashult, in the
province of Smaland, and educated at Wexid, Lund, and Upsala,
1728-32. At the latter University he assisted Rudbeck, professox
of botany. In 1732 he undertook to explore Lapland, and pub-
lished the result in his Flora Lapponica, 1737. In 1735 he
proceeded to Holland, where he graduated M.D. and published
his Systema Nature, Fundamenta Botanica, 1736; Genera Plan-
tarum, 1737, the starting point of modern systematic botany, and
Classes Plantarum, 1738. He returned to Sweden in 1738, and was

78.

appointed professor of botany at Upsala, 1740, where his lectures
became famous and attracted students from all parts of the
world. From this period date his Hortus Unpsaliensis, 1748 ;
Philosophia Botanica, 1750, and Species Plantarum, 1753. He was
- ennobled in 1761, and created a knight of the Polar Star, 1762.
Buried in the Cathedral at Upsala. The genus Linnea was
dedicated to him by Gronovius. |

Copy in oils, 1858, by Mrs. Andersson from a portrait painted
in 1774 by Per Krafft, for the Academy of Sciences, Stockholm.

Bust facing spectator, in a wig and blue coat, wearing the
order of the Polar Star, and holding a volume and Linnea in his left
hand.

' Presented, 1858, by Prof. N. J. Andersson, of Stockholm.

ANOTHER PORTRAIT.

Coloured stipple engraving by F. Bartolozzi, R.A., after «@
copy by Magnus Hallman from the oil-painting by Roslin in the
Academy of Sciences, Stockholm.

Bust (within an oval surmounted by allegorical figures), in a wig
and brown coat, wearing the order of the Polar Star, face three-
quarters to the right.

Presented, 1885, by Sir G. Macleay, K.C.M.G.
Engraved for Dr. Thornton’s Flora.

ANOTHER PORTRAIT.

Photograph from a line engraving after the painting, 1737, by
Martin Hoffman.

Half length, standing in his Lapland dress, holding a flower in
his right hand,-face three-quarters to the right.

Presented by Dr. N. J. Andersson, of Stockholm.

ma

—

|
{
|
ii}
|

79

ANOTHER PORTRAIT.

Lithograph by J. S. Templeton from a drawing, 1747, by Ja.
Rehn.

Whole length, in a wig, standing, smoking a pipe, three-quarters
to the right.

ANOTHER PORTRAIT.

Medallion in plaster, modelled by Sergell from that on his tomb
at Upsala. ;

Life size head in high relief, profile to the right.

Presented, 1869, by Dr. N. J. Andersson, of Stockholm.

ANOTHER PORTRAIT.
Medallion by Josiah Wedgwood.
To the waist, in a wig, with flower in the button-hole of his
coat, profile to the right.
Dimension; (cval)—3} ins. by 23 ins,

Hooker Collection. Belonged formerly to Mr. Dawson Turner.

ANOTHER PORTRAIT.

Bronze medal by Ljunberger.
Bust, in a wig, wearing flower in his button-hole and order of ©
the Polar Star, profile to the righi.

ANOTHER PORTRAIT.

Bronze medal by Dubois.

Bust, in a wig, and wearing order of the Polar Star, profile to
the right.

80

MaTTHIAS DE LOBEL, M.D. 1538-1616.

Botanist to King James I. Born at Lille, in Flanders, and
educated at Montpellier. After travelling in France, Switzerland,
the Tyrol, Germany, and Italy, he lived for a time at Antwerp,
and afterwards at Delft. Physician to William, Prince of Orange.
He settled in London, where he kept an apothecary’s shop,
and published in 1570 his Adversaria Stirpium. Later he attended
Lord Zouch on his embassy to Denmark, where he collected many
plants which he introduced into England, and superintended his
physic garden at Hackney. Published in 1576 his great work
Observationes : sive Stirpium Historie, .... The genus Lobelia
was named after him. Died at Highgate.

Line engraving, drawn and engraved in 1615, by F. Delaram.

Bust (in an oval set within an architectual border), in large
turned-over linen collar, holding a flower in his right hand, face
three-quarters to the right.

JEAN Louis AvuGuerze LOLISELEUR - DESLONG-
CHAMPS, M.D. 1774-1849.

French botanist. Born at Dreux, and from an early age
devoted himself to the study of botany. Graduated M.D. at
Paris in 1805, and became a member of the Academy of Sciences
in 1821. He wrote a number of works on the indigenous medical
plants of France and the greater part of the Herbier génzral de
V Amateur, and was the author of Flora Gallica, 1806-7 ; Flore
générale de la France, 1828-32 ; Histoire du Cédre du Liban, 1837,
and other works. Died at Paris. The genera Loiseleuria and
Longchampia were named after him.

Line and stipple engraving, ad vicum 1827, by Ambroise Tardieu.
Bust (in an oval), facing spectator.

JOHN CLauDIUs LOUDON, F.LS., F.R.H.S. 1783-1843.

Landscape gardener and horticultural writer. Born at Cam-
buslang, Scotland, the son of a farmer, and apprenticed to a
nurseryman and landscape-gardener. Came to England in 1803,
and in 1809 rented a farm at Tew Park, Oxon., where he taught

$1

agriculture. Travelled in Germany and Russia, 1812-14, and in
France and Italy, 1819-20. Published Encyclopedias of Garden-
ing, 1822; Agriculture, 1825; and Plants, 1829, and also edited
in 1826, The Gardener's Magazine, and in 1828 the Magazine
of Natural History. Author also of Arboretum et Pructicetum
Britannicum ; Hortus Britannicus, 1830 ; and Hortus Lignosus
Londinensis, 1838. Commemorated by the genus Loudonia. Died
at Bayswater.

Line and stipple engraving.
''o the waist, seated, his left arm over the back of his chair,

clean shaven face three-quarters to the left.

CHARLES LYELL, F.L.S. 1767-1849.

Born at Kinnordy, Scotland, and educated at St. Andrews and
‘Cambridge. He lived from 1797 to 1825 in the New Forest and
devoted himself mainly to the study of mosses, several of which
species, besides the genus Lyellia, are named after him. Con-
tributed Lichens to Smith’s English Botany. He settled at

Kinnordy, where the study of Dante occupied the remainder of

his life.

Silhouette drawn on unglazed porcelain.
Bust, profile to the right.
Hooker Collection.

ALEXANDER MACLEAY, F.R.S., F.L.S. 1767-1848.

Colonial statesman, entomologist and botanist. Born in Ross-

‘shire, the son of the Deputy-Lieutenant of Caithness. Fellow,

1794, and Secretary, 1798-1825, of the Linnean Society, Colonial
Secretary for New South Wales, 1825-37, and first Speaker of
the Legislative Council, 1843-46, and First President of the
Australian Museum at Sydney, founded in 1836. His name was
given by Robert Brown to the genus Macleaya (Bocconia),
belonging to the poppy family. Died at Sydney, N.S.W.

Silhouette drawn on paper.

Bust, profile to the right.

Hooker Collection.

ANOTHER PORTRAIT.

Line engraving, by Charles Fox, after a painting by Sir Thomas
Lawrence, P.R.A., belonging to the Linnean Society.

To the waist, seated, clean shaven face, three-quarters to the
right.

CARL FRIEDRICH PHILIPP VON MARTIUS, M.D., F.M.R:S.
1794-1868.

Celebrated German traveller and naturalist. Born at Erlangen,
Bavaria, the son of the court pharmaceutist, and studied and
graduated M.D. at the university there. Joined, as botanist, the
expedition sent by the Austrian and Bavarian Governments to
Brazil in 1817-20, and on his return was appointed professor of
botany and director of the garden at Munich, and became-
President of the Botanical Society of Ratisbon, 1842. The results.
of the expedition are described in his Reisen nach Brasilien,
1824-31. Author of Plantarum horti Erlangensis Enumeratio,.
1814; Flora Cryptogamica Erlangensis, 1817; Nova Genera et
Species Plantarum, 1824-32; Flora Brasiliensis, 1829-33, of
which work an expansion, begun in folio in 1840, is still in
progress ; and a series of works on the botany of Brazil. His
most important work was his Genera et Species Palmarum,
1822-45. Died at Munich. Commemorated by the genus Martia.

Lithograph, 1850, by E. Torrens.

To the waist, seated, hands crossed on his lap, clean-shaven
face, three-quarters to the ieft.

. AUTOGRAPH (facsimile).

ANOTHER PORTRAIT.
_ Bronze medal by C. Radnitzky.
Head profile to the left.
Presented by G. Bentham, Esq., F.R.S.

83

ANOTHER PORTRAIT.

Bronze medal.

Head profile to left.

Presented by G. Bentham, Esq., F.R.S.

Rev. THoMASs MARTYN, B.D., F.R.S., F.L.S. 1736-1825.

Son of John Martyn, the botanist. Born at Chelsea and
educated at Cambridge. Although brought up by his father as a
follower of Ray, he became converted to the system of Linneus
and one of its earliest English exponents. Ordained 1759, and
succeeded, on his father’s resignation in 1762, as professor of
botany at Cambridge, a post he held for sixty-three years. Pub-
lished in 1763 his Plante Cantabrigienses ; in 1771, Catalogus Horti
Botanici Cantabrigiensis ; in 1784, his translation of Rousseau’s
Letters of the Elements of Botany ; in 1792, Flora Rustica ; and in
1807 edited Miller’s Gardener’s Dictionary. Died at Pettenhall,
Cambridge.

Stipple engraving by Vendramini after a drawing by J. Russell,
WAG

Bust (in an oval), in a wig and clerical dress, face three-quarters
to the right.

Engraved for Dr. Thornton’s Flora.

PretRO ANDREA MATTIOLI, M.D., [PETRUS ANDREAS
MatrTHiouus]. 1500-1577.

Tialian physician and botanist. Born at Siena, the son of a
doctor. He studied law at Padua, but afterwards abandoned
jurisprudence for medicine, and practised at Rome, Siena, and
other places. He became physician to the Archduke Ferdinand
and later to his brother, the Emperor Maximilian II. Retired to
Trent, where he died. Author of Commentaries on the Materia
Medica of Dioscorides, 1554, a work which, by its great research,
exhausted all the medical-botanical knowledge of that period ;

84

De simplicium medicamentorum facultatibus secundum locus et genera
opusculum, 1569, and Compendium de Plantis omnibus, &c., 1571.

Modern copy in oils from a portrait, painted in his sixty-seventh
year, now in the museum of the botanic garden at Pisa.

Bust, seated writing, in a black gown and cap, wearing a very
narrow ruff and four rows of gold chain, bearded, facing spectator.

Presented, 1893, by Sir Thomas Hanbury, K.C.V.O., F.L.S.

Dimensions—25 ins. by 203 ins.

ARCHIBALD MENZIES, F.L.S. 1754-1842.

Botanical collector. Born at Weem, Perthshire. Entered as
a gardener at the botanic gardens, Edinburgh, and studied surgery
at the university there. Became a surgeon in the navy, and was
stationed in America, where he joined Captain Vancouver’s expedi-
tion, 1790-95, visiting the Cape, King George’s Sound, New Zealand,
the Sandwich and Galapagos Islands, and Valparaiso, from which
places he brought back a variety of plants and other specimens of
natural history. His account of the voyage appeared in Loudon’s
Magazine of Natural History. He practised for a time in London,
where he died. Bequeathed his herbarium to the Botanic Garden,
Edinburgh. The genus Menziesia was dedicated to him by Sir J. E.
Smith.

Coloured crayon drawing by Eden Upton Eddis.
Bust, aged face seen in profile to the left.
Dimensions—173 ins. by 133 ins.

Hooker Collection.

FRANCOIS ANDRE MICHAUX. 1770-1855.

French traveller and botanist. Born at Versailles, son of André
Michaux, also a traveller and botanist. He was employed by
the French Government to explore the forests of North America
with a view to the introduction into Europe of the valuable timber
trees of that country, and made three voyages to the United

85

States. His chief work is the Histoire des Arbres forestiers de
l'Amerique septentrionale, 1810-13. He also published a treatise
on the naturalisation of forest trees in France, 1805. Died at
Vauréal.

Painted in oils in Paris in 1819, artist unknown.

Bust, in a black coat and white collar, clean shaven face, three-
quarters to the right.

Dimensions—S8 ins. by 6 ins.

Presented by Mrs. Boott.

PHILIP MILLER, F.R.S. 1691-1771.

Gardener. Born at Deptford or Greenwich. Began life in bis.
father’s business as a market gardener. In 1722 he was appointed
foreman of the Garden at Chelsea, then handed over to the
Apothecaries Company by Sir Hans Sloane, a post he retained for
nearly fifty years. Published, in 1731, the first edition, of his
great work The Gardener's Dictionary, which went through eight
editions during his lifetime. In addition he published a Catalogue
of Trees near London, 1730; Catalogue of Plants in Chelsea
Garden, 1730; The Gardener's Kalendar, 1732-69; and other
important works, including two volumes of three hundred illustra-
tions of plants in Chelsea Gardens, issued between 1755-60.
He raised the garden under his charge to a high standard of
excellence, and was styled by foreigners ‘Hortulanorum Princeps.’
Buried in Chelsea. Commemorated by the genus Milleria.

Line and stipple engraving, 1787, by C. F. Maillet.

Bust (on an oval canvas suspended from a tree and surrounded
by plants), in a wig, profile, to the right.

BarRON FERDINAND VON MUEELER, K.C.M.G., M.D.,
Ph.D., F.R.S., F.L.S8. 1825-1896.

Australian explorer and botanist. _Born at Rostock in Germany
and educated at Schleswig and Kiel. Emigrated in 1847 on
account of his health to Australia. From 1852 to 1896 he was
government botanist for Victoria and explored the colony. He

86

examined the alpine vegetation of the Australian continent, and
joined A. Gregory as phytographic naturalist in the expedition to
explore the river Victoria and other parts of the continent.
Director of the Botanic Garden, Melbourne, from 1857 to 1873.
Author of Fragmenta Phytographie Australie; Plants of Victoria ;
besides works on Eucalyptus, Myoporinee, Acacia, &c.; and
co-operated with Bentham in his Flora Australiensis. He was the
recipient of many orders of knighthood, and created a baron by
the King of Wurtemberg in 1871.

Lithograph.

Half length, seated, inclined to the left, wearing insignia of his
various orders.

GILES MUNBY. 1813-1876.

Born at York. -On leaving school he was apprenticed to a
surgeon in York, and afterwards studied medicine and botany at
Edinburgh and in Paris under Adrien de Jussieu. He graduated M.D.
at Montpellier, but never took up the diploma. Contributed notes
on the botany and entomology of Dijon, to the Natural History
Magazine, 1836-7. From 1839 to 1844 he resided in Algiers, and
from 1844 to 1859 at Oran. He returned to England in 1860 and
died at Farnham. He was a skilful vegetable anatomist, an
industrious collector, and the author of Flore de U Algérie, 1847, and
Catalogus Plantarum in Algeria, 1859. His herbarium is at Kew.
Commemorated by the genus Munbya.

Photograph taken late in life.
Bust, wearing spectacles, face three-quarters to the left.

Presented, 1894, by Mrs. Cundell.

THEODOR FRIEDRICH LUDWIG NEES von ESENBECKH.
1787-1837.

German botanist and pharmaceutist. Born near Erbach, the
brother of Christian Gottfried, also a botanist. After spending
some years as a pharmaceutist, he was appointed in 1817 inspector
of the botanic garden at Leyden, and in 1833 professor of

87

pharmacy at Bonn. From 1821 to 1833 he carried on the pub-
lication of Plante officinales, oder Sammlung offizineller Pflanzen.
Author of De Muscorum propagatione, 1820 ; and Genera Plantarum
flore germanice, 1833-60 ; and, in collaboration with Ebermaier,
of Handbuch der medicinisch-pharmaceutischen Botanik, 1830-32 ;
and, with A. Henry, of System der Pilze, 1837. Commemorated
by the genera Neesia and Esenbeckia.
Lithograph by Fedor Beer from a photograph.

To knees (oval), as an old man in a skull cap and dressing gown,
seated writing at a table, facing spectator.

MARIANNE NORTH. 1830-1890.

Eminent botanical painter, and donor of the collection of
paintings and museum at the Botanic Gardens, Kew, which bear
her name. Born at Hastings, of which town her father, Mr.
Frederick North, of Rougham, Norfolk, was sometime M.P. Miss
North early developed great skill in painting flowers, and frequent
travel gave her great opportunity for exercising this talent. She
devoted herself to botanical painting, and in pursuit of her life-
study travelled, between 1864 and 1884, in all parts of the world,
visiting Syria, the Nile, North America, the West Indies, Brazil,
Japan, Hast Indies, India, Ceylon, Australasia, South Africa,
Madagascar, and Chili. In July, 1882, was opened to the public
the gallery which she built at her own expense to contain the
magnificent collection of her botanical paintings (increased in
1885 to 848 works) which she presented to the nation. The genus
Northea was named in her honour by Sir Joseph Hooker, and her
name is also commemorated in Crinum northianum, Baker, Kniphofia
northiana, Baker, and Nepenthes northiana, Hook f. Died at
Alderley, in Gloucestershire.

Marble bust sculptured by Conrad Dressler.

Middle aged, in loosely-fashioned low-cut gown, hair parted in
the centre and brushed down over the ears, facing spectator.

Presented by her sister, Mrs. John Addington Symonds.

85

THomaAs NUTTALL, F.L.S. 1786-1859.

Naturalist. Born at Long Preston, in Yorkshire, the son of 2
printer to whose trade he was brought up. He early took to the
study of botany and, in 1807, went to the United States where he
spent the next thirty-five years, devoting his life to exploration
and visiting almost every state in the union. He is
credited with having made more discoveries than any other
explorer of the botany of North America. Professor of natural
history and curator of the botanic gardens, Harvard University,
from 1822 to 1834. Author of Genera of North American Plants,
1817 ; Introduction to Systematic and Physiological Botany, 1827 ;
and other works on natural history. He returned to England in
1842 and died at St. Helens, Lancashire. His herbarium was
bought by the British Museum. Commemorated by the genus
Nuittallia.

Three photographs within oval mounts.

A. Bust, clean shaven, face slightly tinted, three-quarters left.

B. Silverprint, face three-quarters left.

Presented, 1880, by Mr. J. M. Wade, Rockville, U.S.A.

C. From an outline etching, bust, profile to right.

AUTOGRAPH (facsimile).

DANIEL OLIVER, LL.D., F.B.S, F.LS. B. 1830.
Living 1906.

Born at Newcastle-on-Tyne. Succeeded Dr. J. Lindley as pro-
fessor of botany at University College, London, 1861. Entered
the Herbarium, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, in 1858, and was
Keeper of the Herbarium and Library from 1864 to 1890, when
he retired. A systematist of the first rank, he possesses an un-
rivalled knowledge of the Phanerogamia. Author, among other
works, of many successive editions of the guides to the gardens
and museums at Kew.

Painted in oils in 1898 by J. Wilson Forster.

To the waist, seated, in a grey suit, at a table reading, grey
hair and beard, face almost protile to left.

Dimensions—33 ins. by 37 ins.

Presented by the members of the Herbarium staff and others.
(HERBARIUM. |

89

AMBROISE MARIE FRANCOIS JOSEPH, BARON PALISOT
DE BEAUVOTS. 1752-1820.

French naturalist. Bornat Arras, and educated for the law which
he afterwards abandoned for science. Accompanied, as naturalist,
an expedition to Benin on the west coast of Africa. He went in
1788 to San Domingo for the benefit of his health, but on the
rising of the blacks in 1793 lost all his collections and was thrown
into prison, whence he escaped to the United States, where he
remained some years and formed other zoological and botanical
collections. After the revolution he returned to France with his
collections and published Flore d’Oware et de Benin en Afrique,
1804-7 ; Essai d’une nouvelle Agrostographie, 1812 ; and treatises on
muscology. Member of the Institute, 1806. Died at Paris.
Commemorated by the genus Palisotia.

Lithograph, 1821, by Julien L. Boilly.

Bust, in a double-breasted coat, clean shaven face, seen three-
quarters to the left.

CHARLES CHRISTOPHER PARRY, M.D. 1823-1890.

American botanist. Born at Admington, Gloucestershire, of a
clerical family which migrated to Washington County in 1832.
Graduated at Schenectady, and received his M.D. of Columbia
College. Settled in 1846 at Davenport, where he died. Nearly
his whole life was spent in botanical exploration, collecting und
observation, of alpine flora in particular, in West America, Mexico,
and Texas, in which countries he discovered hundreds of new
plants since described by Dr. Gray and Dr. Engelmann. Botanist
to the Mexican Boundary Survey, 1849, to the Agriculture Depart-
ment, 1869-71, and to the San Domingo Commission, 1871.
Author of numerous official reports and botanical contributions
to academical literature. He also published papers on the species
of Chorizanthe on the Pacific Slope, and on the genera Arctosta-
phylos and Ceanothus. His name is perpetuated in Lilium Parryi.

Engraving from a photograph.
Bust, in a frock-coat, bearded face three-quarters to the left.

AUTOGRAPH (facsimile).
(K.C.) G

90

LEONARD PLUKENET, M.D. 1642-1706.

Practised as a physician at St. Margaret’s Lane, Old Palace
Yard, Westminster, where he had a small botanic garden,
and was appointed by Mary II. superintendent of the gardens of
Hampton Court with the title of Queen’s Botanist. Author of
Phytographia, published in 1691-2. His subsequent works were
mainly catalogues of the contents of his herbarium, which now
forms part of the Sloane Collection in the Natural History
Museum. Buried in St. Margaret’s, Westminster. The genus
Plukenetia was dedicated to him.

Line engraving, 1690, by John Collins.

- Bust (in an oval), holding a flower in his right hand, wearing
long flowing hair, face three-quarters to the right.

Engraved for his Phytographia.

Karez Boxiwog PRES, M.D. 1794-1852.
JAN SVATOPLUK PRES, M.D. 1791-1849.

Bohemian botanists. They were both born at Prague, in
Bohemia, where they graduated M.D. and became Professors,
Karel of philosophy, and Jan of natural history. Jan wrote,
in conjunction with his brother, Flora Cechica, 1819; and inde-
pendently, Flora Sicula, 1826; Symbole botanice, 1832-3;
Repertoriam botanice systematice, 1834. They both died at
Prague.

Commemorative bronze medal.

Busts facing one another. Karel on the left and Jan on
the right.

RICHARD PULT&NEY, M.D., L.B.CP., F.BS.,, F.LS.
1730-1801.

Born at Loughborough, the son of an anabaptist tailor, and
apprenticed to an apothecary in his native town. Practised at
Leicester, and from 1764, when he graduated M.D. (Edinburgh),
at Blandford, and passed his leisure chiefly with botany and

ee

91

conchology. His principal works are 4 General View of the
Writings of Linneus, 1781; Historical and Biographical Sketches
of the Progress of Botany in England, 1790; intended as a
prefatory to a Flora Anglica, the MS. of which is in the
Botanical Department of the British Museum. He also con-
tributed a Catalogue of rare Plants to Nichols’s Leicestershire, and
Catalogues of Birds, Shells, and rare Plants to Hutchins’s Dorset.
Died at Blandford. Commemorated by the genus Pultenza.

Stipple engraving by P. Roberts, from a painting by Thomas
Beach.

To the waist, seated at a table reading, in a full bottomed wig,
face three-quarters to the left.

ANDERS OLOF RETZIVS, M.D. 1796-1860.

Swedish anatomist, ethnographist, pharmaceutist, and naturalist.
Born at Lund, a brother of Magnus Christian. Studied medicine
in London and Marienberg, and graduated M.D, in 1819. Professor
at the Veterinary Institute, Stockholm, 1823, professor of Anatomy
at the Academy of Fine Arts, 1839; and president of the
Academy of Science, 1844-5. Contributed papers on! medical,
veterinary, ethnographbical, and pharmaceutical subjects and
natural history to various Swedish medical and scientific journals.
Knight of the Polar Star and the Dannebrog. Member of
numerous Huropean and American Academies of Science. Died
at Stockholm,

Commemorative bronze medal, 1867, by L. A.

Head, profile to right.

Louis CLaupD Maris RICHARD. 1754-1821.

French botanist. Born at Versailles, the son of the king’s
gardener at Auteuil. On the recommendation of the Academy
of Sciences he was sent in 1781 by Louis XVI. on a scientific
expedition to French Guiana and the Antil'es, and returned in
1789 with large botanical, zoological, and mineralogical collections,
of which he published accounts. After the Revolution he was

(K.C.) Gaz

92

elected professor of botany in the School of Medicine in Paris
and a member of the Institute. Author of Demonstrations
Botaniques, ou Analyse du fruit considéré en général, aad memoirs
on Balanophoracez, Coniferz, and Cycadez. Died at Paris. The
genus Richardia was dedicated to him by C. S. Kunth.

Miniature, painted in water-colours.

Bust, ‘in a black embroidered coat, frilled shirt and white cravat,
face seen to the left.

Dimensions—3< ins, by 34 ins.

Sir Jouxn RICHARDSON, B.N., C.B., M.D., LL.D.,
F.RS., F.L.S. 1787-1865.

Arctic explorer and naturalist. Born at Dumfries, the son of
a justice of the peace for the county, and apprenticed as a
surgeon to his uncle. Having qualified as a M.R.CS., he
was appointed to the Navy, and graduated M.D. at Edinburgh
in 1816. Joined Franklin’s first, 1819-22, and second, 1825-8,
Expeditions to the Arctic Regions, and made considerable
botanical and natural history collections. On his return ke
devoted his attention to the Fauna Boreali-Americana, published
by the Government. His third voyage to the Arctic Regions
in 1847 was in search of Sir John Franklin, and is described
in his Journal, 1851. He wrote many works and papers on
zoclogy and ichthyology. Died at Grasmere, Westmoreland.

Crayon drawing by Sir Daniel Macnee, P.R.S.A.

To the waist, seated, clean shaven face, three-quarters to the
left.

Dimensions—174 ins, by 133 ins.

Hooker Collection.

WILLIAM ROSCOE, M.P., F.L.S. 1753-1831.

Historian. Born at Mount Pleasant, Liverpool, where his
father was a market gardener and kept a tavern. Author of
Lorenwo de Medici, 1795 ;.Leo X, 1805, and other historical works.

Be

93

In spite of his numerous literary and business occupations he
found time to study botany and contributed to the Transactions
of the Linnean Society to which he was elected in 1804. He
founded a botanic garden at Liverpool, where he proposed a
new arrangement of the plants of the monandrian class usually
called Scitaminee. He was also interested iu agriculture. The
genus Roscoea was named after him by Sir J. E. Smith. Died
at Toxteth Park, Liverpool.

Sinall plaster bust. 5;
Facing spectator, his neck is bare, and his face clean shaven.
Hooker Collection.

ALBRECHT WILHELM ROTH, M.D.

German physician and botanist. Born at Dotlingen. Dis-
tinguished as the author of Tentamen Flore Germanice, 1788-
1800; and Enumeratio plantarum phenogamarum in Germania,
1827. He also described the plants in Dr. B. Heyne’s collection.
Died at Bremen. His name is commemorated by the genus Rothia.

Silhouette cut out of brown paper in 1805.

Bust, in a wig, profile to right.

GeoRG EBERHARD RUMPF [Rumpuius], M.D. 1627-1720.

German physician and naturalist. Born at Hanau, was educated
in medicine, and became a member of the Academia Naturia
Curiosorum. He resided for along time at Amboyna, where he
was Counsellor to the Dutch East India Company. He lost his
eyesight in 1680, and in 1687 lost, by fire, all his papers and
herbarium. His botanical work Herbarium Amboinense, though
prepared for the press in 1690, was not published until 1741-55,
under the direction of J. Burman. Author also of Thesaurus
Imaginum Piscium, Testaceorum, Cochlearum, Concharum, Conchy-
liorum et Mineralizm, 1711. The genus Rumphia was dedicated
to him by Linnzus.

Line engraving by T. de Later, after a portrait ky his son,
P. A. Rumphius.

To the knees, seated at a table, specimens before him and ina
rack behind, taken when sightless.

94

ANOTHER PORTRAIT.

Bronze medal copied from the portrart by his son, P. A. Rumphrus.

Struck by the Colonial Museum, Haarlem, 1902.

Ferpinanpd Gustav JuLius von SACHS, M.D., F.M.RS.,
F.M.L.8. 1832-1897.
Austrian botanist. Born at Breslau, in Silesia, and educated at

Prague, where he was assistant to the physiologist, Purkinje.
Lecturer at the Agricultural Academy at Tharandt, and professor

of botany at Poppelsdorf, near Bonn, 1861-7, at Freiburg, Baden,

1867-8, and at Wiirzburg, Bavaria, 1868-90. He wasa member of a
number of academies of science abroad, and of scientific societies
in this country. Lecturer and author of a number of works on
the physiology of plants—Handbuch der Experimental-Physiologie
der Pflanzen, 1865; Grundziige der Pflanzenphysiologie, 1873 ;
published also Lehrbuch der Botanik, 1868-73 ; and Geschichte der
Botanik, 1875.

Reproduction of a photograph from life.
Bust, middle-aged bearded face, seen three-quarters to the left.
Presented, 1906, by W. Gardiner, Esq., F.B.S.

JEAN FLORIMOND BOUDON DE SAINT AWIANS. 1748-1831.

French naturalist and agriculturist. Born at Agen. Hnutered
the army in 1766, and served in the West Indies, where he
developed a taste for natural history. Returned in 1773, when
he retired, and became in 1790 Commissary, and from 1800 to 1831
President of the Council for the Department of Lot-et-Garonne.
Professor of natural history at Agen, 1795, and found:r of the
Society of Agriculture at that town. Author of Flora Agenoise,
1820, Eloge de Linné, 1791, and Philosophie Entomologique, 1799.
Died at Agen.

Terra-cotta medallion coloured bronze.

Bust, in a coat with a high collar, waistcoat, and frilled shirt
and cravat, profile to left.

Dimensions—Circular ; diameter 63 ins,

95

RicHaRD ANTHONY SALISBURY, F.RB.S., F.LS.
1761-1829.

Born at Leeds, the son of a cloth merchant named Markham
he changed his name to Salisbury conditionally on receiving a
fortune to pursue his studies in botany and gardening. He lived
at Chapel Allerton, near Leeds, Mill Hill (Middlesex), and at
Queen Street, Edgware Road, London, where he possessed gardens
and cultivated his special planis. He was of rather a disputatious
disposition, and early involved himseif in unpleasantnesses with
other botanists. Besides papers in the Linnean Transactions and
other journals, he was the author of [cones Stirpium rariorum, 1781 ;
Prodromus Stirpium in horto ad Chapel Allerton, 1786 ; Genera of
Plants, edited in 1866 by Dr. J. HE. Gray. His herbarium is now
at Kew. The genus Salisburia was named after him.

Pencil drawing, July, 1817, by W. J. Burchell.

Bust (in an oval), clean-shaven face, three-quarters left.

Dimensions—5} ins, by 3% ins.

CHARLES SPRAGUE SARGENT, F.M.LS. B. 1841.
Living 1906.

American botanist. Born at Brookline, Mass. Professor of
arboriculture and author of various publications on the Flora of
North America, notably the Silva of North America, a large
quarto of fourteen volumes.

Half-tone reproduction from a photograph.

Bust, elderly bearded face, profile to right.

FREDERICK SCHEER. 1792-1868.

Born at Rugen in North Prussia. An independent botanist
who resided at Kew, where he devoted himself to the study of
Cactacez, and described the plants of that family collected by
Seemann for the Botany of the Voyage of the Herald, 1852-57.
Author of Kew and its Gardens, 1840. Died at Northfleet, Kent.
His name is commemorated by the genus Scheeria.

Photograph.

To below the knees, seated, holding a stick across his knees,
wearing spectacles, face three-quarters to the right.

Presented, 1896, by Laurence Matthey, Esq.

96

Sir Rospert HERMANN SCHOMBURGH, Ph.D., M.D.
1804-1865. :

Naturalist and traveller. Born at Freiburg, in Silesia, elder
brother of Richard, the botanist, and educated in Germany. His
taste for natural history led him in 1830 to the West Indies.
During 1831-5 he explored in British Guiana, and discovered the
sources of the Essequibo and also the magnificent lily Victoria
Regia, a specimen of which he sent to England. He received the
gold medal of the Royal Geographical Society in 1840, and in the
same year was appointed Commissioner for surveying and marking
out the boundaries of British Guiana. His delimitation proposals,
known as the ‘Schomburgk Line,’ afterwards became famous in
the prolonged boundary dispute with Venezuela. British Consul
at San Domingo, 1848, and at Bangkok, Siam, 1857. Retired in
1864 and died at Berlin. Author of A Description of British
Guiana, 1840; The Natural History of the Fishes of Guiana,
1843 ; The History of Barbadoes ... and Natural Productions,
1848. Commemorated by the genus Schomburgkia.

Lithograph, 1840, after a drawing by Eden Upton Eddis.

Bust, in a high-collared coat, face three-quarters to the left, with
reproduction of the Royal Geographical Society’s medal at the
foot of the print.

Robert SCOTT, M.D. D. 1808.

Bryologist. Professor of botany at the University of Dublin,
1800-8. Contributed articles on mosses to Sir J. E. Smith’s
Linglish Botany, 1790-1814. His name is commemorated by the
genus Scottia.

Minature, painted in water colour about 1804, artist unknown.

Bust (in an oval), in a black coat, long powdered hair, face
three-quarters to the right.

Dimensions—3} ins, by 28 ins.

Hooker Collection. Given to Mr. Dawson Turner by Mr. Scott.

37

Joun SIMS, M.D., L.B.CP., F.BS., F.LS.
1792-1838.

Born at Canterbury, the son of Dr. R. C. Sims, a member of the
Society of Friends and medical writer. Graduated M.D. at Edin-
burgh, 1774, settled in London, and became physician to the
Princess Charlotte. Edited Curtis's Botanical Magazine from
1801 to 1826, and, in conjunction with Kénig, Annals of Botany
in 1805-6. To the latter journal he ccntributed a few papers.
His herbarium is now at Kew. Died at Dorking. Commemo-
rated by the genus Simsia.

Mezzotint engraving by David Lucas after a painting, 1824, by
C. R. Leslie, R.A.

Bust, body facing front, clean shaven face three-quarters to the
righi.

AUTOGRAPH (facsimile).

Sir JAMES EDwarD SMITH, M.D., F.R.S., P.LS.
1759-1828.

Founder, and President from 1788 to 1828, of the Linnean
Society. Born at Norwich, and studied botany at Edinburgh
under Dr. John Hope. He acquired in 1783, on the death of the
younger Linnzus, the whole of the library, MSS., herbarium and
natural history collections made by him and his father. In
1786 he made a grand tour of Europe, taking his M.D. at Leyden
on his way. On his return he founded the Linnean Society,
and became a fashionable lecturer on botany. His great work
English Botany, begun in 1790, was completed in 1814. In the
meantime he completed his Flora Britannica, 1800-4 ; and
Introduction to Physiological and Systematic Botany, 1807. His
last and best work, The English Flora, was completed in 1828.
His library and collections were bought from his executors by
the society he founded. Died at Norwich and buried at
Lowestoft. The genus Smithia was dedicated to him by Aiton.

Plaster cast from a bust modelled in 1828 by Sir Francts
Chantrey, R.A., belonging to the Linnean Society.

Head, profile to left.

Presented by Mrs. Boott.

98

ANOTHER PORTRAIT.

Silhouette cut out of brown paper, in September, 1807, by Miss:
Everitt.

Head, profile to left.

ANOTHER PORTRAIT.
Stipple engraving by W. Ridley, after a drawing by John
Russell, R.A.

Bust (in an oval), his left hand supporting his chin, face
three-quarters to the left.

Engraved for Dr. Thornton’s Flora.

JAMES SOWERBY, F.L.S. 1757-1822.

Naturalist and artist. Born in London, he became a student of
the Royal Academy and pupil of Wright, the marine painter.
The practice of flower-painting led him to the study of botany,
and his skill soon attracted attention. In 1787 he executed some
plates for The Botanical Magazine, and in 1791 published a

Botanical Drawing Book. His great work, English Botany, was.

published between 1790-1814, in 36 vols., and comprised 2,592
coloured plates, for which Sir J. E. Smith wrote the descriptive
text. The companion work Coloured Figures of English Fungi,.
1797-1815, was written and illustrated by Sowerby himself. He
also devoted his attention to zoology, conchology, and mineralogy,.
and his illustrations of these branches of science are greatly
renowned. Died at Lambeth. The genus Sowerbza was dedi-
cated to him by Sir J. E. Smith.

Etching by Mrs. Dawson Turner.

Bust, seated, face three-quarters to the right.

Caspar Count STERNBERG. 1761-1838.

Bohemian botanist. Born at Prague Journeyed through the
Bohmer Wald, Rhetian Alps, and Tyrol, and described the botany

99
of these districts. Author of Revisio Sawifragarum iconibus
illustra, 1831; Versuch einer geognostisch-botanischen Darstellung
der Flora der Vorwelt, 1820-38 ; and a number of handbooks on
the flora of Bohemia. Died at Brezina. The genus Sternbergia
was named after him.

Bronze medal executed by Konig after a design by G. Loos.
Hooker Collection.

BENJAMIN STILLINGFLEET. 1702-1771.

Naturalist. Son of Edward Stillingfleet, Gresham professor
of physic, and grandson of Bishop Stillingfleet, born in
Norfolk and educated at Norwich and Cambridge. From
1726 onwards till his death he passed the life of a diligent
dilettante, and was the author of numerous literary works.
About 1750 he began the study of botany, and in 1759 published

“Miscellaneous Tracts relating to Natural History, Husbandry, and

Physic, a translation of six essays from Linneus’s Amanitates
Academice, with a preface Observations on Grasses, of which a
second edition was published in 1762, and included his Calendar
of Flora. Died in London. The genus Stillingia was dedicated
to him.

Mezzotint engraving by Valentine Green, after a painting by
J. Zoftany, R

Half length (in an oval), seated at a table with a volume and
specimens, in a wig, face three-quarters to the right.

WHITLEY STORES, M.D. 1763-1845.
Son of Dr. Stekes, D.D., Chancellor of Waterford Cathedral.

_ Educated at Trinity College, Dublin, where he was elected a

fellow in 1788, and graduated M.D. in 1793. He was suspended
for three years for his association with the United Irishmen, but
was elected a senior fellow in 1805, lecturer in natural history,
1816, and regius professor of medicine, 1830, a post he resigned
in 1843. Died in Dublin.

Miniature in water colours, artist unknown.

Bust, in a blue coat, long powdered hair, clean shaven face,
three- -quarters to the right.

Dimensions (oval)—4 ins, by 3} ins.

100

THomas THOMSON, M.D., F.LS., F.R.S.,, F.R.G.S.
| 1817-1878.

Naturalist. Born at Glasgow, the son of Thomas Thomson,
professor of chemistry in the university. Educated at Glasgow,
where he graduated M.D. in 1839. Entered the service of the
East India Company as assistant surgeon and served through the
Afghan (1841-2) and Sutlej (1845) campaigns. From the date of
his arrival in India, 1840, he explored and collected in those
districts in which he was stationed, and also in the Himalayas,
Kashmir, and Tibet. Joined Sir Joseph Hooker, in 1849, in his
Hima'ayan expedition. Returned to England in 1851, and in
vonjunction with Sir Joseph, brought out his Flora Indica, 1855.
Returned to India, from 1854 to 1861, as superintendent of the
botanical garden and professor of botany at the Medical College,
Calcutta. Author also of Western Himalaya and Thibet, 1852,
and numerous papers between 1835-67. Died in London.

Crayon drawing by George Richmond, R.A.
Busi, clean shaven face, fronting spectator.
Dimensions—23%3 ins. by 172 ins.

Presented by Sir Joseph Dalton Hooker, G.C.S.1., &c.

JAMES THORNTON.

“The King’s gardener at Kew.” Nothing has been ascertained
as to his history.

Mezzotint engraving by R. Houston, after a painting by J.
Zoffany, R.A.

To the waist (in an oval), in a wig and flowered waistcoat,
elderly face three-quarters to the right.

JoHN TORREY, M.D., LL.D., F.M.L.S. 1796-1873.

American botanist. Born in New York, where he was educated
in botany under Amos Eaton, and in medicine under Dr. Post,
graduating M.D. at the College of Physicians and Surgeons, of

101

which institution he was chosen, in 1827, professor of chemistry
and botany. He was also professor of chemistry at Princeton
1830-54, and of chemistry, mineralogy and botany at the
University of New York 1832-33. Chief Assayer from 1853-73.
Author of Catalogue of Plants ...of New York, 1819; Flora
of the State of New York, 1843; with Asa Gray, The Flora or
North America, 1843 (part only), reports on the plants collected
by Frémont and other explorers, and on various botanical surveys
An original member of the National Academy of Science
Presented in 1860 his herbarium numbering 50,000 specimens to
Columbia College. Died in New York. The genus Torryea was

dedicated to him by Arnott.

Crayon drawing, by Sir Daniel Macnee, P.RS.A.

To the waist, body turned towards the left, head facing spectator
clean shaven, and wearing spectacles.

Dimensions—17% ins. by 133 ins.

Hooker Collection.

CHRISTOPH J4AcoB TREW, M.D., F.M.R.S. 1695-1769.

German physician and botanist. Born at Lauffen, near Nurem-
berg, the son of an apothecary, and studied medicine at Altdorf
where he graduated M.D.in 1716. Travelled in Europe, became
a member of the College of Physicians at Nuremberg, and
President in 1746 of the Academia Nature Curiosorum. Began
with the assistance of the painter Ehret the magnificent work,
which was continued after his death by Vogel, Plante Selecta, &c.
Author also of Horius nitidissimis omnem per annum superbiens
jloribus, 1750-68 ; Cedrorum Libani Historia earumque Character
Botanicus ; an improved edition of Blackwell’s Herbal in Haglish
and German; and editor of Jcones Posthume Gesneriane 1748.
Died at Nuremberg. Linneus dedicated to him the genus Trewia.

Mezzotint engraving, by J. Jacob Haid.

To the waist (within a frame bordered by flowers), standing,
pointing to an illustration in a book, in a wig, and cloak over
bis right arm, face three-quarters to the right.

102

Dawson TURNER, F.R.S. 1775-1858.

Botanist and antiquarian. Born at Yarmouth, the son of a
banker, and educated at North Walsham and Cambridge. His
first scientific study was that of cryptogamic plants. The fortune
which he inherited on the death of his father enabled him to
publish sumptuous works himself, and by liberal patronage, the
works of others. Author of Synopsis of British Fuci, 1802;
Muscologie Hibernice Spicilegium, 1804; and the Natural History
of Fuei, 1808-19: aad in conjunction with Dillwyn of The
Botanist’s Guide, 1805. He formed large collections, chiefly of
algee, now preserved in the herbarium of his son-in-law, Sir W. J.

Hooker, at Kew. Died in London. The genus Dawsonia was

dedicated to him by D. R. Brown.

Photograph from an etching, 1816, by his wife.

Half length, standing, resting his left hand on a case, facing
spectator.

GEORGE ARNOTT WALEER-ARNOTT, LL.D., F.BS.,
F.L.S. 1799-1868.

Born at Edinburgh, and educated there. Abandoned the study
of the law for that of botany. Engaged, 1830-40, with Sir W.
Hooker, upon an account of the plants collected in Captain
Beechey’s voyage to the Pacific and Behring’s Straits, published in
1841. Co-operated with Wight in his Jllustrations of Indian
Botany, and in the Prodromus Flore Peninsule Indie Orientalis.
Frofessor of Botany at the University of Glasgow, 1845. Asso-
ciated, 1850, with Sir W. Hooker in the 6th edition of his
British Flora. He formed a valuable collection of Diatoms.
Died at Glasgow.

Crayon drawing by Sir Daniel Macnee, P.R.S.A.

To the waist, wearing spectacles, seated three-quarters to the
left.

Dimensions—17}3 ins. by 13} ins.

Hooker Collection.

ANOTHER PORTRAIT.

Photograph from life.

Seated figure to the knees, in a frock coat, elderly clean shaven
face, three-quarters to the left.

we

103

NATHANIEL [NATHAN WoLrcANG] WALLICH, M.D.,
F.R.S., F.L.8. 1787-1854.

Born at Copenhagen, Denmark, and graduated M.D. in his
native city. He was surgeon to the Danish Settlement at
Serampur, and, when the place fell to the East India Company in
1813, joined the English service. Superintendent of the Botanic
Garden, Calcutta, 1815-46. He was an indefatigable collector, and,
in 1820, was officially directed to explore Nepal and the forests of
Western Hindoostan, Ava, and Lower Burma. He issued two
fascicles of Tentamen Flore Napalensis Illustrate, 1826. Invalided.
home in 1828, and published his most important work Plantw
Asiatice Rariores, 1830-2. He went out again and explored
Assam, and returned finally in 1847. Died in London. His name
is commemorated by the genus Wallichia.

Crayon drawing by Sir Daniel Macnee, P.RS.A.
Bust, face profile to the right.
Dimensions —144 ins. by 124 ins.

Hooker Collection.

Hewetr CoTrrreLL WATSON, F.LS. 1804-1881.

Born at Park Hill, Firbeck, Yorkshire, and educated at Congie-
ton and Edinburgh. At the University he studied medicine and
science, and obtained a gold medal for his botanical essay on the
Geographical distribution of plants, a subject that became his main
study in life. His principal works are Outlines of the Geographical
Distribution of British Plants, 1832 ; The New Botanists Guide to
the Localities of the Rarer Plants of Britain, 1835-7 ; Cybele Britai-
nica, 1847-60 ; Compendium of the ‘Cybele Britannica’ 1868-70 ;
Topographical Botany, 1873-4. Buried at Thames Ditton. His
herbarium is at Kew.

Painting in oils by Margaret Carpenter.

Bust, seated, in black coat and large black cravat, face three-
quarters to the right.

Presented, 1883, by Thomas Twining, Esq.

Dimensions—39 ins, by 25 ins,

104

LILLY WIGG, A.L.S. 1749-1828.

Born, the son of ashcemaker, at Smallburgb, Norfolk, where he
was brought up till the age of twenty, when he removed to
Yarmouth, and became successively schoolmaster and bank-clerk.
He directed his attention to the study of Algz, and for nearly
twenty years collected materials for a history of esculent plants.
He contributed to Smith’s English Botany. Died at Yarmouth.

Silhouette cut out of brown paper, Sept. 1807, by Miss Everitt.
Head, profile to right.

Hooker Collection.

Rosert WIGHT, M.D., F.BS., F.LS. 1796-1872.

Born at Duncra Hill, East Lothian, the son of a Writer to the
Signet, and educated at Edinburgh, where he graduated M.D.in 1816.
Went to India in 1819 as assistant surgeon, and was appointed
naturalist at Madras, 1826, and had charge of the botanical
establishment there. He made extensive tours in the south of India
and at Negapatam. In 1831 he returned home, and, in conjunc-
tion with Walker-Arnott, prepared his Prodromus Flore Peninsule
Indie Orientalis. Returned to India, 1834, and in 1838 began the
issue of Jilustrations of Indian Botany, and Icones Plantarum Insie
Orientalis. Retired in 1853, and settled at Grazeley, near Reading,
where he died. Commemorated by the genus Wightia.

Coloured crayon drawing by Sir Daniel Macnee, P.R.S.A.
To the waist, clean shaven face, slightly inclined to the left.
Dimensions—-174 ins, by 133 ins.

Hooker Collection.

NATHANIEL JOHN WENCH, F.L.S. 1768-1838.

Botanist of the most northern counties of England. Studied
the cryptogams, particularly mosses, as well as flowering plaats of
these counties, and accumulated a large herbarium, which is now in
the Natural History Museum of Northumberland and Durham.

105

He was secretary to the Newcastle Infirmary. Author of a
Botanist’s Guide through Northumberland and Durham, 1805-7 ;
Essay on the Geographical Distribution of Plants through
Northumberland, Cumberland, and Durham, 1819; and Floras of
Cumberland, 1833, and Northumberland and Durham, 1831. Died
at Newcastle. Commemorated by the genus Winchia.

Miniature in water-colours, artist unknown.

To the waist, seated at a table, in a dark grey coat, elderly clean
shaven face slightly turned to the right.

Dimensions—5} ins. by 434 ms.

Hooker Collection.

(K.C.) H

: LONDON :
PRINTED FOR HIS MAJESTY’S STATIONERY OFFICE.
By DARLING & SON, LTp., 34-40, BAcon STREET, E,

1906.

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