Historic, Archive Document Do not assume content reflects current scientific knowledge, policies, or practices. 7 $4 d am 47 2; > a aes we OF ies ¥ (4 Reyes et Le ANOS \S Say % SS RN SOs SS ae ARS ay PATS we a NS . SEAS es ts. SN ares My DEAR SiR: I beg to assure you that each particular one of the varieties herein has been selected according to the best judgment and knowl- edge I possess, and in the light of the accumu- lated experience of three generations of fruit growers and nurserymen. | earnestly believe the sorts recommended in this book are of the best known to modern Horticulture. Faithfully yours, Our Salesmen are sent out to Sell Stark Fruits by samples, thereby often saving our customers expensive and weary trips to the Nurseries, or their time, trouble and expense of making out and sending off their own orders and getting same in small lots. By filling a large number of orders, shipping in carload lots, etc., we can deliver, freight and all charges paid, even a small order for less than the freight alone would often be, if ordered by itself. ISS" HANDLE CAREFULLY.—Please use this Sample Book with care — it is expensive. Do not mark prices on the plates. Carry it in a special inner pocket. Avoid getting it wet or soiled. By erasing finger marks each week with rubber, the plates can be kept neat and clean. ’ i DG aT A I EY ~ CP Al : : C ) Z NTED rom NATTY COPYRIGHT 1896 wr be pier SFA BROS t pies bY STARK BROS 7 p, fev! OBS FOCHESTERL.NY | The horticultural Triumph of the Ages. The marvelous product of crossing two. widely differing races of plums, the Japan and Native American. Not only vastly bet- ter than the parent races, but far superior to any plum of any race hitherto known. In short, to~quote the great Burbank, “Among plums there is NOTHING ON EARTH AS BEAUTIFUL OR GOOD.” | OTARK BROS Nkciards C The OLD x LOUISIANA, MO. BLUE-BACK x RO ae A SPELLER z 2 was erstwhile thumbed by % Ow many whoread these words! , r 7 And the old familiar picture !— M eS each heart recalls a different x Salesmen scene, but all remember well ve ind Clute Maske how, cribbed cabined and con- fined while sunshiny afternoons y dragged their slow length along, ye the feeling akinto pity grew y* into teal admiration for the % “young sauce-box’’ who would not come down, either for a or sees: It TAKES crane and % ull=-dogs to make Ooys come VWs down out of STARK Trees! a AAA AA ALAS AS K TREES —not leaves only. “Tested 70 Years. when you plant a Stark tree, you can depend upon it—you have the best there is. This Trade- Mark, on all Stark trees, adds nothing to their tice; but it does add to your safety against bogus stuff. —STARK trees are never sold by tree dealers. “Buy direct or RK a: afA of authorized Salesmen—with our certificate, attested by Notary. You can’t afford to take chances. No man wants to lay the ax to the root of a tree, or dig it up, just when old enough to bear.—A Tree is Known by its fruit. Stark trees bear fruit— the finest sci- ence has ever a For instance: —The chiefest among, not 10,000, but 20 Million! (B3, ($3,000) A child of science, sprung from crossing our hardy fruit- O Pp Uu ful American plums and the beautiful and exquisite plums of Japan. “It isfour times larger thanits parents, and tree wreathed and smothered with gloriously hand- some golden globes—nothing on earth as beautiful or good.” No marvel, then, that such a jewel of purest ray serene is worth asmall fortune; nor that we were glad to pay full $38, 000.00 FOR A SINGLE TREE. GOLD is controlled by us under Patented Trade-Mark—NOT GROWN OR SOLD BY OTHERS. ARARRAKRARARARAARARRARARAAARRARRRRARARARARARAAARARARARRARAA everywhere to take orders—STARK trees almost sell themselves! Cash pay weekly No experience necessary We’ll teach—he’ll succeed. uo} OE tial cect bth at attabetatt takai aise its KARR hy Se Earliest of All and Red June are the hardiest in bud and bloom; bore full when Abundance, éte., were killed. Follows strawberries and 10 days earlier than Red June; half as large, solid dark red, good quality, free stone. Drops easily but don’t rot and is very profitable—shake the fruit on sheets and market in quart berry boxes. Tree dwartish, a BT ots, ‘ Ps Dolo Yolo: ROCHESTER.N.Y. NE, Emperor of Japan Damson, | two weeks earlier than Abundance, hardy in bud and | bloom; loaded down with magnificent plums in ’95 when Abundance, etc., were all killed. Ripe June 28, here in N. E. | Mo. ; ready to ship some days earlier; colors a solid red, | even if picked when just turning, hence outsells Abundance, and all partly'‘colored sorts. Doesn’t drop; juicy, good, a delicious canning plum, with finest Damson flavor. Red June Trees planted Spring 94, yielded June 95, the second year, over a gallon per tree of large, fine, well ripened plums. t= QUESTION.—Is it better to plant Gold and Japan plums, that BEAR IN ONE OR TWO YEARS, or European sorts, such as Prunes, Gages, and others, that don’t bear for 6 or 8 years? If you plant for profit, figure a little. RED JUNE JAPAN PLUM.—Tree and Fruit. OCESS aaa Ret PATD TRADE MARK )AORFRUM RED JUNE PLUMS Make Boys Mouths Water. | | ian Ghote L Bale ROCHESTER,N.Y. ere tare Se BURBANK, bears 100 Plums to the qiare ot. Superior every way, to Abundance, Berckmans (Botan), and all the oldém@gjaps— except Red June. Strong, hardy, oe lived tree; great bearer, even at 2-yrs. Next in value after GOLD ( which we believe the most valuable plum in cultivation), comes the Japs; many tested are worthless, some are good, 5 are grand—named in order of VALUE, numbered in order of ripening : RED JUNE (1), WICKSON (5), NORMAND (3), BURBANK (4), ORIENT (6), ABUNDANCE (2). Other Japs 2d Choice, or discarded. Red June, hardiest in bud, surest bearer, freest from rot, most profitable, beautiful and Grandest Jap yet fully tested. The only Jap that has given us FIVE SUCCESSIVE CROPS. Last two years have raised Red June 100 per cent. in our estimation. Wickson (Perfection), solid red color like Red June; largest plum we have ever seen. NEW, and we have only fruited it one year; may yet prove, as Mr. Burbank says, “ best of all Japs.” Normand, JAPAN YELLOW GAGE, very fine and large— size of Red June apple. Golden yellow, high quality, freestone. Bears early and well. Orient, a late bloomer and the next surest bearer after Red June.—Large; yellow and deep red. Excellent quality and a long keeper. Abundance is good, but not quite hardy enough in tree, bud nor blossom ; is sub- ject to to fruit-rot, and lacks color to Sell well in market. il! ci dy yovW HH A Ce $siJ A JULY DAY, GATHERING BURBANK PLUMS. MAKES TIRED BOYS. ORIENT, JAPAN PLUMS, and section of tree. = YU VAN DEMAN, Die of the $9,000.00 New STARK Fruits Controlled by us under PATENTED Trade-Marks—these fruits CANNOT BE GROWN OR SOLD BY OTHERS. This photo shows a “medium or a little LESS than medium sized VAN DEMAN quince and an AVERAGE Meech Prolific, BOTH GROWN UN- DER EXACTLY SAME CONDITIONS.’ —L. Burbank. VAN DEMAN, the GIANT Quince Strong Grower, Earliest and Hardiest of all. ‘Will, without doubt, PRODUCE MORE BIG, FINE-FLAVORED GOLDEN FRUIT than any other. Bears THREE CROPS ; the first ripens TWO WEEKS OR MORE before Orange or Meech, often weighing, even when grown on small trees, 25 to 26 ounces—over FIVE INCHES IN DIAMETER. All are of MOST SUPERIOR FLAVOR, TEXTURE AND QUAL- ITY, are tender and good BAKED, and bake quickly too. When DRIED OR CANNED, retain all the quince flavor so much admired. Opens a new field. “Growing, side by side, Orange, Rea Mammoth, Meech, Champion and others, but not one of them has ever borne any fruit at all com- varable with Van Deman in SIZE, QUALITY, FLAVOR OR BEAUTY.” Meech Prolific Meech is an early and abundant bearer and the fruit of very large size, beautiful ap- pearance and delicious flavor. After some years’ test alongside of Rea Mammoth,Orange,Cham- pion, etc., we find it SUPERIOR to them all. Second only to VAN DEMAN—but VAN DEMAN is simply UNEQUALLED UNAPPROACHED \ f 7 Wecher Lie fi an — * O- ROCHESTER NT SPLENDOR—Patented Trade Mark tees, This magnificent new $3000.00 prune is a scientific cross between Petite (French) and Hungarian (Pond’s). ‘Trees are perfection in growth and productiveness, and though having somewhat the general appear- ance of Petite, yet the branches are more sturdy and with very little pruning, naturally assume a uniform appearance, much superior to cither parent. As a com- bined drying, shipping, market and table plum it has no rival. A darker, richer violet purple than French, but has the same firm, rich, sugary flesh, ripens two weeks earlier, and being three or four times larger and a perfect freestone, will perhaps supplant that grand, long-known and extensively grown variety, and change the whole prune industry of the world.”—So writes the great Burbank; and later adds: “‘T am much more convinced than ever of Splendor’s superlative value, owing to incomparable firmness, beauty, productiveness, size, EXQUISITE QUALITY, early ripening, hardiness and vigor of tree, and because of wonderful keeping qualities and being perfectly freestone. More than TWO WEEKS EARLIER than French prune —a very important matter. A stupendous bearer and has NO FAULTS.” Gold is a plum to plant everywhere, Splendor only where German and other prunes, Lombard, Damsons, etc., succeed. - » fron Proto. By [UTHER BURBANK. a LEND : x ; AN ‘bs = ‘ Y « = a Z, = SA, THE BEST PRUNE" L.COATES. Ss HAS NO RIVAL" sursank. | Above is from Photo of a | cluster —greatly reduced in size. See below for life size Splendor, also French, | showing the DIFFERENCE. SPLENDOR, one of the $9,000.00 New STARK Fruits, | Controlled by us under PATENTED Trade-Marks — these fruits CANNOT BE GROWN OR SOLD BY OTHERS. 3 Exquisite quality — BETTER than any other purple or blue plém ‘t PETITE = = LUTHER BURBANK, ~~ SPLENDOR ($3,000.00 ) Prune and French Prune— from.Photo. ‘“ Both grown under exactlv the same conditions.” | GOLD is a plum to plant EVERYWHERE, SPLENDOR ONLY where /German Prune and other prunes, Lombard, Damsons, etc., succeed. | “Splendor is a scientific cross. As a combined DRYING, SHIPPING, MARKET AND TABLE PLUM it has no rival. Color darker and richer than French, but has the SAME FIRM, RICH, SUGARY FLESH, ripens TWO WEEKS EARLIER, and being THREE OR FOUR TIMES LARGER and a per- fect natural FREESTONE, will perhaps supplant that grand, long-known and extensively grown variety, and CHANGE THE WHOLE PRUNE IN- DUSTRY OF THE WORLD.’ —So writes the great Burbank; and later adds: ‘“‘T am much more convinced than ever of Splendor’s superlative value, owing to incomparable firm- ness, beauty, productiveness, size, EXQUISITE QUALITY, early ripening, hardiness and vigor of tree, and because of wouderful keeping qualities and being perfectly freestone. More than TWO WEEKS EARLIER than French prune—a very important matter. A stupendous bearer and has NO FAULTS.’ BR SOHG HYVLS ha 7a ‘968! ‘LHODIYAdGOD q yy? ea SY aS se Ly \ N= — . a i: a “2 YL SQEQQSs << onet ae i ; 7 ; ; ~ \ 1 y +4 “Ff XS \ 2 SA ij ' Sy E i 7 Pre kt) asea WY — . yE\ h : S 3 SS \\ rt i) "y Y { Y 5 it, Rit i ) WH LY 6 ZZ AW WW] B / '\ vous! Mi] yy ile i Af : | (} (ly, YY STARN TRADE MARK II) SS/ y) Y= \\\\\\ ij —~ Hin SA”, \ ne \\ \ / i eZ Wy | /y Yy FROM PHOTO. 2-V Pe. TREE OTARK GRO. ~eaeS \\ Za | y) / WS SSS eres x ay\PN Y IMS The MOST DELICIOUS THING in the WORLD 35 PZ is Van Deman Quince Syrup. Far surpasses the purest Maple Syrup ever made. Jake 1 part Van Deman quinces, 3 parts apples. If JELLY is desired, simply cook down a little more. For hot cakes, &c., EITHER the Syrup or Jelly will be a revelation to you—we KNOW for we've tested it. It's a Great Food Product for high-class trade, and will be advertised and put on the market, as soon as enough VAN DEMAN fruit can be had—no other sort has so exquisite a flavor. Come in on the GROUND FLOOR—we have already planted over 3000 Van Deman trees, intend to plant many more. A Long-Keeper and the fruit can be shipped like apples to the SYRUP FACTORIES The Earliest Quince by Two WEEKS; Hardiest and a remarkably Strong Grower. J Large, Delicious fruit of Incomparable Flavor and Great Reauty . . — aw ROCHESTER,N.Y FLORENCE, Finest Crab Ever Fruited “WORTH ALL OTHERS PUT TOGETHER. Early, large, beautiful, best quality; the youngest bearer, most prolific, most profitable of all. The best crab to plant in small space—6 ft. square is ample. STARK TRADE MARK FARERUMT . a Ae ee es ABUNDANCE, JAR F RUIT SUNRISE,, a hardy seedling in the orchard of our neigh- bor, R. K. Smith, proves our earliest and: largest hardy apricot. Has borne SIX SUCCESSIVE CROPS, two of them while a large peach orchard adjoining did not bear 2 peach. Sunrise is not equal in quality to Superb—neither is any other apricot —but islarger. Alex., Budd and many other Russian apricots now discarded. SUPERB, a hardy seedling, from Lawrence, Ks., where we saw it 2 yrs in full fruit. ‘‘Has produced more fruit, of larger size, and better —most superb — quality, than any other, native or foreign. Better and more constant bearer than any hundred others. Exhibited at the Nurserymen’s Con- vention, where its exquisite quality, in comparison with others, was conceded by all. Superb, raising the average in size and quality of this excellent fruit, is worthy of extensive cultivation. Some Eastern firms would make fortunes out of it.’’ SUDA, from Stark Denver Orchards. i EARF eit ‘« A Wonder to Bear.” ORIENT Japan Plum. AGG DYEHOUSE, Best Early Cherry Karlier, larger, firmer, better quality, and pit smaller than Early Richmond—equally hardy and productive. These five cherries—Dyehouse, Abbesse, Montmoren- cy O. (best of all), German Ostheimer, and Suda Hardy —cover the entire season, the best out of over 200 sorts we have tested. With this “Big 5” we don’t need any others. SSR RAS = aa‘ ]>]2 > ee ul oS oS z tu c ia) ~ < D U? [Reo i) =o TT i | co= Lee ~ 4 Ce. eit iy , 4, ; : s ee Lf > 4 +" _¥ * ; s ay 7 ROCHESTER,N.Y. _ ‘MONT. 0., KING CHERRY A mortgage ‘lifter. The only fruit crop that has abso- lutely never failed. Plant a 1,000—best canner and all-purpose cherry and outcrops them all. Grand every way. Tree HALF DWARF. Cannot be too highly recom- mended for its never-failing heavy crops of fine fruit, and bea and hardiness of tree. @™@@ We pick cherries with scissors—far better and 3 times faster. ———<$<£ ————eerereroeorrrererororrre® OL ——————w A a . “s ~ fe _& * ~ GERMAN OSTHEIMER ( NOT Ostheim ) Cherry, in STARK Denver Orchards. A 3-YR. tree—its SECOND Crop. FAERERUIT OTe STARK TRADE MARK PATD TRADE MARK ICTARK TREES OVARFRUIT £ & | P ds 3 Si | mi i a C Gpchosefethole all ROCHESTER,.NY. @ KOONCE FROST-PROOF, Largest Early Pear ‘ he * | a Very early, heavy bearer, large, handsome, ie Does not BE: ~ “rot at core. Has never blighted. Frost-Proof—bore in 1894, when all others in same orchard were killed. * CHERRY. ee of one branch of a four-year Suda tree. Mr. Heikes, a leading southern murseryman was visiting us when the photo was taken, andafter his return home wrote us: ** To see that little cherry tree bending almost to the ground with the heaviest load of fruit | ever saw on a tree was alone worth my/Jtrip of a thousand miles.”’ The original Suda Hardy tree did not fail to bear for 20 years; was in perfect health when cut down to make way for buildings. Suda and Ger- man Ostheimer are liable to be hastily condemned, because the fruit colors red before two- thirds grown and long before ripe, when it is almost black. These two are the best of all the late black sour cherries. ns ¢ _ Mewning, Sweer BU eMaAA a Gano EUWANGEH bs BAR RY, dir iins dna To Sin ‘HOW H EAVAN DEMAN OMe Or Tue Geet,|t Nor THE Best Or (ts Season! PREST.T.1 iyo inh AOHIN' THOMAS. 0 chiclous WORTHY OF TRIAL RURAL NEW YORKER! nit 0 Wain OF EARLY) FEARS) EARLIEST, AOC ba PE AAU es VN APR a i} YOUNG TREES dive a ah SEVEN ach Lisi iN FIVE MONTHS: Hu HEHE CORY Uri Snail With STARK BRO9 NURaiaeds C LOUISIANA and the “ BIG 3”’ Cities. (<) > y “BI nee } ac ‘ \\ Mm "Cy \M = 4 @ \ 5 a! ENE o.ts = r & - fi . BURLINGTON Sy , - : Mendota - KS - ase 5 . * CrestoD Ry » S% wy ~~ stzcatcngh a v/a e) si @ G Peoria = ; ; K we : SS, ; R. = = = BF: = 5 \ NSAS CITY : __Mexicg | ¢ Clinton Sedaliag¥- e | Nevada ? { ye ae i © Bolivar IM Ft. Scott ca — ee : eg rare — a Se i! oe | ly STANK TES gai i FRUIT" ey, . | wo .*. A ’ ty [pap pLuw CGHERRY 2 YR. [APPLE 2 YRpeacn IRLUMTESYEPran RK K TREES K PR PROCESS JAR RERUIT Dan TREE a: BE, Mal noo D0 TRADE MARK ROCHESTER.N.Y y / C y =, : KIEFFER Very profitable. [Excellent for canning, but should not be used until weeks after gathered. Its wonderful fruit- fulness is surprising ; 4-yr. trees have yielded 3 bushels each of pec fruit. Keeps easily unti mid-winter. = = = oe, GO Ne i CBT 40 QULVOIMMINA YIANIG WY fe oH) i} K TREES ‘" J EARFRU ll | ee “~ KRULL WINTER, King of Keepers | A native Missouri seedling. Keeps till April in barrels | just like apples. Lemon yellow, with a delicate bloom, giv- | | ing it a rich appearance; skin thick and strong. Flesh firm | until fully ripe, when it: becomes juicy, melting, rich and | sweet. Old trees, of immense size—nearly two feet in | diameter—are still healthy, free from blight, and produc- | tive ; some seasons bear 25 bushels each. “The best winter pear I have seen; surpasses Lawrence in quality and col- oring, and is a very late keeper.’’—U. 8S. Pomologist Van Deman. kes If picked when it rains, Apples, Pears, etc., will not keep. The best time is during dry weather and sunshine. A north wind makes it so much the better, as it closes the pores of the fruit. Fall sorts should be picked shortly before ripe—when seeds are brown, or when the stem parts easily—but } winter fruit should hang on the trees as long as possible. y nals aaa NO 0 “aYOITTIIVHS LOGY FT10H Persie we Teese me sons SQUVHDUO GA.LYDRRIINN HIANTO HUVEC. : 4PSNST_GUWMOL SIM dNimoar 7" "+ dalyNuan ‘siAvd Nad 3 ‘nya snoop 2x01 J0j—SUIUMED 10y aan anl jnogy suf pus M019 soqoead 489 1 —anf J0 JS9Z99MS pus ‘soyovod yo JSOID if, £ Burio ony SOKOUS jnyiwneeq VY “gaqoved jo LSa1aaMs pup Sepa 4So[piey 94} Se U0lyBicues & UBY4 s10uL qoved ONINNV) GNY PNTANGSENE 4vOId OI duivxeun 94}. peyovoidde daAa Youve fe) sn sniiog jo i "WI png J9A0U Q@M—peoes Wo] ANUL SALA ae ouM BVOd—aAvad TILS S201} pue ‘pealp-jsesuo] ‘ uns jO pl0da4 pe] aulod ! HOyad ONINN “ga1ont dved Apivy auo ino “1k-9¢ §$1ay}0 ULU} Pjo? % ‘sa ah Sete ae i em | Soy ae Ag 9681 }U377 » MONS YaWWAg) Roe “YR. PIECE ROOT, OR CHARD- ae STARK DENVER ORCHARDS, AT 4 YEARS, Looking North towards Denver, Distant 7 Miles. Ne, ROspy seeD\ ee’ SELECT > CROSBY SEEDLINGS, Hardiest of All, and often bear the 2ND YEAR. Next hardiest, Summer Snow, always TRUE from seed. Next, Elberta Seedlings. These 3 grand SEEDLING peaches will bear further north than any budded peach known. Seed from same 600-acre orchard as Elberta Seedlings; and we offer a similar $300 Reward, etc. SELECT SEEDLINGS—Grown from seed of such selected fine peaches as repro- duce with slight variations. In hardiness, they average next to Elberta Seedlings, and should bring many good kinds. $100 Reward for each worthy new sort. Pres’t T.T. Lyon: “In my neighborhood in Mich., a grower has for years planted seed- ling peach orchards from SELECTED SEED and he now: has some thousands of trees and the peaches pass readily among experts as that of budded trees.”’ — : oo: Rea Ped ay AO) eee a cratias ROcHEs Tee y SNEED, Earliest of All Ten to 15 days earlier than Alexander; is not of same type, but of the valuable Chinese Cling family, to which belongs so many of the finest peaches—Hlberta, Belle of Ga., etc.,—hence FREER FROM ROT. Being the first peach, it has always sold at high prices, $4 to $8 a bushel. “Earliest Peach Known.’”’ Exceptionally desirable. Recently brought to notice, but has been grown for some years in localities, and its merits as a money maker fully established. Will be a most extensively planted new sort. Jind saaul EE WOW 2OWHL WAL! $$390u ‘sdoua asus@ul spl21k ‘BanoA sipeq ‘SHUdWNISL s * . 5 é . ie t ‘ wy a d . . i: $ * Mi wee exe § . ie ~~ + * 3 A 5 ‘ . ue ikea Se Sale ‘es " k 4 : LadaIRER Saath acowe lasueivathy syd pipiens ith, RIS IIE SRE RS TIES AP rad a BN ARN ORE wet SR NER se Nee CR Ae WHVW JOVYL O.1Vd é [° : St ooh d ETT I ETT Oe rrr rrr ee G Lif | SS Sfochotfelholn ; oe 7p) <0) — m e ay a = 2 Oo rey 0 » Es _— oz © a oD age ple, oD) sue AS TE COE a ee a Oods : Beef mh ane = hare s 3 2 = = 1. — eH ER 59} se < [nel (py Ce > . Susy ere ase 5 ; poles: & & i 50% rm = Q. o) WY) = 2.) GC ROCHESTER,N.Y. Puch Hardy, and easily grown A very showy shrub. Ns SARHQNW Whole Root. fig A). OPS y ieffer lemi Three F Three —Y 6 —Three 2- b 1.—Garber feed By ’ > a ~~ pe | O Ww <=) vu 17 9) 1d 9) w id 9 a, O © n % fe) © ss oO 6.-@ Oo Yu MA vD WY = +» og 6 > UO ath) «taal oe oe ‘en Os ~ © AA m K Z J s Wide. , Whole Root P Garber, I-yr, O. O. —one and one- S 4.— ixteenth inche hole Root P S tick Kieffer, 2-yr., ird Cc 5 W a ] O O ies. Nurser were grown in our The above except the trees on Le Conte cuttings, OCHESTER.N.Y. | : ; : = REAR RUIT Sj hole LV 2 HYDRANGEA (H. PANICULATA GRANDIFLORA ).— One of the finest flowering shrubs, blooming from July to September, when very few shrubs are in bloom. It blooms the first year and can be grown anywhere. Hardy and vigor- ous. The flowers are white, borne in immense pyramidal panicles nearly a foot in length. The plants should be CUT BACK EVERY SPRING one-half of the last season’s growth. Digging O, O. P. Whole Root 2-Yr. St'd Pear Trees by STEAM Power—Used no where else but in ‘* THE GREAT MO. & ILL. NURSERIES.” Mississippi River Bridge and I\linois Shore in Distance. | i ( Df \ GRpchostel ZZ, ho Ci? “ 'ROCHESTER.NY. QUEEN OF PRAIRIES Best of all HARDY climbing roses. Bright rosy red, frequently with white stripgs on petals ; blooms in . clusters; a vigorous and rapid grower. eee MD By ~— 2 fone : “ : ~ renga eenPanegeete tener’ pat mews oman teak OA ewe romper cree Cuha aba, E fem a eypnensgee eit t cannes ner View in a Twenty-Five Acre Field of Roses. ‘June Time is Rose Time.’ Mme. Plantier, White Hardy or Cemetery Rose, the best of all hardy white roses. A usual name is Cemetery Rose, chiefly because of its popularity for cemeteries. Is beautiful also as single plants and fpr rose hedges. Se hardy it gets through our severest winters without injury. Flowers pure white and borne in yery large clusters, making a great display. ‘sasoy Jo plaij 42q4}00p i altel ee iter Parveen etary b+ TR —atamenn be saben ap pape - * iL OM RN DION > RORIOS AD AL NE aOR, AIOE RCE RENIN TNE) AONE PTRINO Te. oT PRES Oe OE NE ST hin icices neennititin a eacinael ees is fa i cA we a ‘ 7 ae Niecher fo, ha s . ty ay ROCHESTER NI — | 7“? ts") | RED MOSS, Henry Martyn | One of the sweetest and most beautiful roses, and the _ strongest grower, healthiest and hardiest moss rose _ Wwe have ever grown. Deliciously fragrant. Buds almost } hidden with lovely green moss. SPRINGDALE EARLY COLTON, very best early apple. Good to eat ten days before Early Harvest, and a better apple. YELLOW TRANSPARENT, finest apple of its season. mer apple in Minnesota, fine in Texas, good everywhere. and bears at 2 years. Best sum- An enormous bearer, Dwarfish grower; use as a filler, or plant close—12 to 16 ft. Excels E’y Harvest; earlier, larger, bardier, and better everyway than Tetofsky. 3 3. FRUIT R STARK TRADE MA) ol SR, ee Se OLDENBURG. RED ASTRACHAN succeeds from Maine to California. Tender, juicy. BENONI, the best apple of its season, far finer than Red ' June. Because of its beauty, fine quality and firmness—almost like a late sort— ‘ | we especially recommend Benoni as an excellent apple to ship long distances. DUCHESS (Oldenburg), is hardy and profitable, especially north, for its early bearing and endurance of severe winters; fine in Texas —and everywhere the Great Cooking Apple. The demand for Duchess in the | Chicago market has never yet been met. Ty) (gous! Td iT UM saad vi STRAWBE Chenango, Sherwood Fav.)—A straw- berry-flavored apple, much esteemed wherever grown. Highly valued on account of hand- some appearance and fair quality. JEFFERIS (Everbearing), finest for table and market during nearly three months. “Flavor equal to a good pear.’ The best orchardists are planting it largely. PROF. VAN DEMAN: ‘‘ Choicest early fall apple known. Most constant and abundant bearer. No orchard should be without it.”’ PRES. RIEHL: ‘*‘Best late summer apple. Finest flavor. Always bears full. Splendid for ., Poth market and family. No apple brings more money.’’ F. I. MANN, Ill.: ‘‘ Best for both table and market, and brings more money in Chicago than any apple of its season. Has PROVEN HARDY and an EXCELLENT BEARER.” PROCESS Va TREES I) FRU OAR le i CHESTER,N_Y & ee MAIDEN BLUSH, well known all-round apple. Tender, Sprightly, brisk sub-acid. Valued for market, also for drying. WEALTHY, A most valuable apple of fine size, appear- ance and quality. Young, sure and too profuse bearer. Very hardy. RAMBO, an old and widely esteemed sort. Not hardy while young; thrives particularly well on light or sandy soil. WOLF RIVER, GIANT HIS giant fruit is the most magnifi- cent apple, whether on the tree or off, that has ever fruited in a Missourj orchard. Attracts more attention than any other. Unlike other large apples, it does not drop, hangs even better than Ben Davis, is a good eating apple, a most excellent cooker, and outshines and outsells all other large apples on the market. Best sort to follow Wealthy and Rambo. Succeeds Northand South and on both upland and bottom. Photo of a six-year tree that bore a The apples were gath- ered, and sent to the St. Louis Exposition—one basket of them to E. Simmons hardware firm in the world, us: “They are the best cooking* and barrel of fruit. measured C. Simmons, President of the Hardware Co., who wrote ” finest apples I ever saw. the largest, ae, eae He , gar iles Sere x " hte Fgh rc a aS i. ae a) ay i %. i , ae v4, —») Tar Le PROS LAE Nt aa K TREES ARRFRUIT ESS OA TRE “HOLE quu TRADE MARK 4 - ee Seay s 9S) Spc COPYRIGHT, !I896, vy STARK BROS tests, proves to be a variety of Exceptional Value. Photo ot a pair of WOLF RIVER Giant Apples off the tree ji ist shown. he) Fy ‘ Y = oc - - : SE Pach Lele a és ' m » . o ROCHESTER, Y. BALDWIN, celebrated winter apple east; FALL, west and south. BELLFLOWER IMPROVED ( Mason Orange ), is of best quality, even better than Grimes Golden. Seedling of Yel. Bellflower, closely resembles it—but is of still better quality, YOUNG AND REGULAR BEARER. YELLOW BELLFLOWER is of good quality, but a TARDY AND SHY BEARER. GRIMES GOLDEN, one of the very best and most prof- itable late fall and e’y winter apples. Particularly valuable for its late blooming. U. S. Pomologist Heiges: ‘‘In N. C. orchards Grimes Golden, Ralls Geneton and Rome Beauty are found very valuable owingto LATE BLOOMIN€. York Imperial is also extensively planted.’’ a Am. Pomological Society. Prof. J. L. BUDD, before the late session of Am. Pomological Society, at Washington, Sept. 1891: “SECTION VS. WHOLE ROOTS IN PROPAGATING THE APPLE. “This subject has been discussed pro and con during the past 30 or more years. In sections where injury of apple trees in nursery and orchard by root killing at isunknown the BUDDED OR CROWN GRAFT- Pi ECE(2yr ED trees are PREFERRED. But even in these fay- Root GRAFTS orable sections the use of healthy and vigorous seedlings Ty has been urged. “In Iowa the use of long cions and short roots has been advocated. * * * But some of our careful ex- thi i perimenters have found that LONG CIONS and ‘ LONG ROOTS have MADE the STRONGEST and MOST UNIFORM TREES in the nursery and the MOST ENDURING TREES in the orchard. ° (Continued on next page.) & (Photo-engraving showing: Fig. 7, Piece-root Ben Davis, 2-yr., X. Fig. 8, Whole Root budded Ben Davis, 2-yr.,X. Scale nearly one-half less than preceding cut— 1, 2 and 3; both preceding and above were engraved from photographs of trees grown in our nurseries, } Fig. 1. Piece-root tree, 3 yrs. old. Fig. 2, Forma tion of Piece-root grafts. Both show how piece-root trees ‘nearly always root on one side.”” The aboveis en : {Photo-engraying showing: 1. Piece-root apple, raved from two _of_a series of ge used by ; : ROF. L. H. BAILEY, of Cornell University, in illus yr.,4to5ft. 3. Whole root grafted apple, 2-yr., X.] the Am, Nurserymen’s Association, ’ uf é STARA . GS py hove tee JONATHAN, “ Queen’s Favorite” A most delicious seedling of Spitzenburg. Tree far longer lived than Ben Davis. For last few years has sold higher than any other apple—see Chicago and other market reports. A great export apple; even Queen Victoria lately had a carload sent over for the royal table. Jonathan must be planted with other sorts for Shes a ree fact it is always safer to plant several sorts rather than large solid blocks of ANY one variety. Apples keep far better if picked soon as the seeds are brown; this is applicable to Jonathan and ail apples which do not hang well until Oct ist, as well as to summer and fall apples intended for shipment. WORTH 50 YEARS OF LIFE, says Prof. Bailey, to discover this cure for chronic constipation: Eat ripe fruit, all you can, half hour before each meal time—and at no other time if case be severe. Will restore health and strength, ‘trenew youth,” give sound sleep, bring happiness. Try it—worth more than money. “To illustrate: Afew years ago the writer put up 3,000 grafts with cions 7 inches in length INSERTED AT COLLAR of the UPPER SIX INCHES of STRONG SEEDLING ROOTS. These long grafts were set down to the top bud of the cion in trenches. By their side were set 3,000 grafts made with 8inch cions seton TWO INCH SECTIONS OF ROOTS. The results in nursery were wery striking. The long crown grafts made a uniform growth of four feet the first season, while the lower section grafts ranged from one to three feet in height with many gaps where root and cion died together. When three years old the difference in height of the best specimens of the section grafts were less, but a large per cent of them that lived were Short and slender, and not five per cent of them equaled the poorest of the CROWN GRAFTS in height, stockiness or THRIFT. “When finally dug the ROOTS ON the CROWN GRAFTS were by FAR THE STRONGEST and MOST FAR REACHING. But asa rule the sec- tion grafts had the most fibrous roots within 18 inches of the crown. “In orchards the CROWN GRAFTS are yet AWEAD in SIZE, uniform GROWTH, HEALTH and BEARING. As they were not of the varieties which have stood the test of recent winters their num- ber has been sadly decimated, but the per cent. of GOOD TREES is MUCH IN FAVOR OF.THE CROWN GRAFTED LOT. “Joining personal experience with that of hand- reds of careful observers OF IOWA, we MUST conclude: ‘‘Thatit is not profitable to use lower section roots as they give too many culls, and that EXPE- RIENCE HsS SHOWN tilat they are LESS GRuWTHY AND ENDURING trees in orchard than those made from crown roots. The most profitable tree is from the LONG CION set ON A CROWN ROOT not less than six inches in length and planted down to the top bud of the cion. “The argument of some nurserymen that these long grafts are expensive to make and set HAS LITTLE WEIGHT. ‘The trees stand deeper in oursery, and are harder to dig, but the increased labor is far more than compensated by the STRONGER and BETTER distributed ROOT SYSTEM.” LIFE is too short and time too precious to be wasted in making experiments to prove facts already demon- strated. The greatest scientists have only had time to prove for themselves a fact here and there. If we do not accept the facts established by others, the entire fabric of knowledge must go tothe winds. Rather let us profit by the knowledge already accunmulated by the best minds the world has ever seen. Therefore be not deceived by the selfish arguments of men who hope to profit by selling you piece-root trees—you have ob- served, no doubt, that in all matters of argument, the predisposition is largely controlling—men always accept more readily that which they prefer to believe. Hence, ordinary business precaution will indicate the prudence of hearing, also, disinterested testimony. [frue, we have Whole Root trees to sell; we also grow piec2-roots—for those who want them. Directly the latter pay us as much or more than Whole Root trees. Yes, we grow both kinds, but we differin our views from that nurseryman who preferred short-lived orchards that he might sell the more trees. But admit that our judgment may be biased; or, if you please, that we are wholly selfish in recommend- ing Whole Root trees. How will you dispose of the matured judgment, formed and expressed, after long years of patient research, observation and experience | 2 with trees of every kind, by men pre-eminent in the science of Horticulture, such as Chas. Downing, P. Barry, and so many others—than whom no higher authorities haveever lived in America—or in the world, Prest. P. J. BERCKMANS, in his valuable work on “THE APPLE,” written in 1867, said: “Standard trees should be propagated only upos healthy and vigorous stocks, EITHER by graft- ing or budding. The system of grafting upon pieces af roots IS WRONG, to say the least of it. As thisis the cheapest and quickest method to manufae- ture trees, itis much resorted to by some nurserymen, NO LASTING RESULTS can possibly be expected from trees propagated upon this plan. They never form any but small fibrous, HAIR- LIKE roots, and when planted in the orchard they require staking, and SEL- DOM ever MAKE A GOOD TREE. Several years ago we denounced this system as WORTHLESS and ONLY CALCULATED TO DISAPPOINT THE PLANTER. Our opinion is SUBSTANTIA. TED by that of RELIABLE CULTIVATORS.” “Twenty or more years ago,”’ writes Dr. W. W. Stell, ‘when I was preparing to propagate trees, I wrote to P. J. Berckmans for information—and many times since, the last time within a few months. He has ever advo cated the same system. .. . “Mr. Berekmans,’’continues Dr. Stell,‘‘is a horticult- urist with no superiors, and with but fewif any equals, im this country. By true merit he has reached and now stands upon the top round of the horticultural ladder, for he is to-day the honorable president of the Pomolog- ical Society of America.” F In the last correspondence with Dr. Stell, Prest. Berckmans wrote: ‘““My experience in propagating trees dates back to 1840. I then grafted some cherry trees, which, when I saw them last in Belgium, in 1884, were in a vig- orous condition. Since 180 a few millions of trees have been propagated under my supervision, and mainly by my own hands, therefore I refer back to 50 years practical experience, 40 of which I have lived in Georgia, and I hold from close study of fruit tree growth that the most desirable method is touse @ whole seedling as a basis for a tree if a standard is expected.” The following is condensed from a letter recently written by Prest. Berckmans, in answer to an ing from Dr. Ragland, editor of the Southern Horticul and Farmer : “DEAR StR—Your favor is received. I have read several articles lately in Texas and California horticuk tural journals on the question of whole roots and piece roots in propagating apple trees, and you ask my opi ion in the matter. “I hold that fora standard treea WHOLE seedling stock should be used. A tree grafted upon a piece of root will, under proper cultivation, make a very satisfactory growth for a year or two whilé in the nursery row, but, with few exceptions, it will begin to deeline after attaining the bearing age im the orchard. While piece-root grafted trees form an abundance of SMALL FIBROUS roots, they are de= ficient in strong, penetrating roots, and draw their sustenance wholly from the surface and when not kept well fertilized FAIL to continue in vig- orous growth. But as I said, the critical period of the life of such tree is in reaching the bearing period; few survive over two or three years AFTER PRODUCING FRUIT. The history of all pieee root worked trees planted in orchards since 1860 has been the same—eight or ten years of life, a few small crops of fruit, and then DEATH. : a STARK TRADE mst | KINNAIRD CHOICE (Kenyon Red), a magnificent early winter | apple; best quality, very hardy, very prolific—and bears very young. | SHANNON IMPROVED—sold only under Patented Trade Mark. The grandest yellow apple. Color, size, shape, flavor, quality, same as the old Shannon, but keeps better, bears better, bears younger, bears on thin soils, and is full every year—in 20 years has never failed. LEE SE SE eee ea OT EE NE Ke are many old apple trees in this State which ‘The are still hy and productive, though planted long be- fore the piece-root grafted trees; they were either see = Ss agated by the OLD HONEST OD of using a WHOLE healthy seedling as a stoek. In comparison with piece-root grafted trees, I consider apple trees budded or grafted on WHOLE seedling stocks as FAR SUPERIOR. Fully 90 per cent. of apple trees budded on whole stocks should grade at the end of the first year 4 feet. In piece- root grafts fifty per apr can seldom be expected to reach 3 to 4feet, the balance ranging from 12 to 36 inches, and the second year not above 40 per cent. are salable trees that can be graded to the two-year-old standard. The third year finds still more trees failing to come up to grade—as the small fibrous roots have by that time exhausted the plant food in average soils. ** All intelligent fruit growers know that atree which has grown off VIGOROUSLY in the nursery row the first year and is atthat age as large as another will be at two years, is the most desirable, is apt to succeed best, and is equal or superior toa two-year-old tree of lesser growth; hence, to obtain the object inview, LONGEV- ATY and FRUITEFULNESS, atree should have for basis a healthy stock, capable of PENETRAT- ENG the soil with STRONG roots, and an abund- ance of LATERAL rvotsto draw its nutrition. “Yours truly, P. J. BERCKMANS.” Ist Vice-Prest. T. T. LYON: “It is plainly against nature to take acion which has grown high up in the sunshine and air, place if almost wholly un- derground, quite out of its proper element, and then expect that it can so completely change its nature as to make a perfect root system, a crown, and a top— all irom a short cion formed by nature for aerial con- ditions alone.” Later, Prest. Lyon writes us: “I have read the ar- ticle in Rural World on Whole-Roots and Piece-Roots. I regard its doctrines and the proposed practice AS SOUND... .” [Italics, where used, are so indicated in the originals; but the heavy type are ours. ] Treasurer BENJ. G. SMITH, (Prest. Mass. Ag’l Society, Vice-Prest. Mass. Hort. Society, member Am. Forestry Congress, member Am. Society for the Advancement of Science, etc.,) wrote us Mar. 28, ’91: “If I were engaged in fruit culture commercially, long ’ere this you would have received an order from me, as I thoroughly believe in whole stocks for grafting. Your excellent circular, from my dear friend, President Berckmans, I think must convince all unprejudiced minds. . . . My intense love for horticulture has stimulated me to make the most of my grounds, which are largely devoted to testing best varieties of fruits. - - . Please send me 12 pear trees, selected trees on whole stocks, your choice.” Later, Apr. 3, 91: “Your esteemed favor at hand, for which please accept my gratefulthanks. . . . It will bea pleasure to speak a kind word for the Nurseries where whole stocks are used.” FRANKLIN DAVIS, Ex-Vice President Am. Pomological Society, writes of piece-root trees: ‘“‘The roots from these small pieces eannot be so well developed as to properly feed the tree or hold it up; hence, they are often uprooted by storms. We must plant the whole stock, leaving the crown as mature formed it; then we have the whole root, strong and unimpaired by divisionto feed and de- velop the tree. As the tree is not only held inits place by its roots, but also receives most of its nourishment through them, it is plain to see why it will GROW taf a LARGER, LIVE LONGER and BEAR MOE Of whole root trees he says: “The superiority this de of propagation has long been acknowledg) by intelligent nurserymen and orchardists, yet mix ten of the apple trees sold are grafted pieces of roots. Nurserymen have not grown tre on whole roots for the reason that it costs more propagate them that way, and it has been difficult to of many planters to pay that additional cost, but we 2 glad to see the people awakening to their interests. KNOW such trees ARE THE BEST; and making an improvement soimportant as an orchag there is no economy in using an inferior article.’ The late P. BARRY, for many years the ab} Secretary of the American Pomological Society, deseri ipg the operation of budding in his well-known boo} ‘““Barry’s Fruit Garden,” speaks of high and low bu} ding and the necessity for the latter; after giving reasons why stocks should be budded as close to the suj face of the ground as possible, even removing some the earth, sums up the whole matter in a few words “low budding makes the best trees.” Of the kind operation of grafting he wrote, as late as 1890: “Very good trees are produced on pieces of roe three or four inches in length; but there is doubt that the cut next to and inelud THE COLLAR IS TO BE PREFERRED. [But instead of three inch pieces, the piece root m say ~3e one to two inch pieces—‘‘the shorter t) better.’’] =i CHAS. DOWNING, in the great work of his lif “FRUITS AND FRUIT TREES OF AMERICA,” S32 “Large quantities of trees are propagated by usil pieces of roots, thus forming from the root of one stoc two, three or more grafts. This practice, althoug} quite common, is of VERY DOUBTFUL vyaluez by prominent horticulturists considered as tending } debilitate and reduce vitality—the seat of vit) life in fact resting in the natural crown of the see} ling, and that, once destroyed, cannot be renewed. | is therefore, apparent that but ONE HEALTE PERMANENT TREE can ever be grown FRO) A SINGLE SEEDLING STOCK.” Judge S. MILLER: “Growing apple trees on whole stock, instead of cutting the roots into pieces, : is the usual practice with nurserymen, is amode I hay long advocated; but at present prices of apple trees | don’t pay unless a better price be paid ior the tree} P. Barry wrote some years ago that what he consi ered a good graft was to use but one whole root fo tree. Atthe time I endorsed the idea and have 2 since changed my mind.” Later, Judge Miller writes us: ‘“You may be please to learn that many letters reach me expressing approvi) of the stand I have taken on whole Roots. One 0) orchardist writes that he knows weare right. Myip pression is that it will not be long ere no pieces of roa will be used in grafting trees. The whole root ist natural system and we cannot stray far from this liz without deterioration sooner or later. Later: ‘I see that there are stillsome who profet to prove that Piece Root trees are as good and as Id lived as if worked on whole roots. I wish I could tak such men back sixty years and show them trees twof in diameter and 40 feet high, bearing wagon 4 fine fruit, grown on whole roots. These trees s i all their glory long after other trees planted many yeal were dead—but which had been worked on the ne! system of cutting the roots into pieces. “Tt requires but one sober thought to convince a that ‘a tree is a tree,’ and that nature never inten seedling to be mutilated. This thing of their beco established on own roots in the end will not hold out, fe I have dug thousands of trees in noreery that had but | few small roots emerging from the graft. Of courseij after years they may strike out roots in self defense. “On some of our Western prairies I have seen or ards just about ready to bear, acres of them, all leant to the N. E. at an angle of 45 deg., just the posifioms) et sunsealded on the 8S. W. side, so as to give the 1eaded borer a chance. The end of such orchards # not far off. Were these trees grafted on whole roots | proper planted? They were not! 3) | ater, Oct. 14, 1890: ‘Whole Root grafts gotof ye} last Spring are nearly double the size cf the piece-roo! q } Ee | | ? It is only now and again that there | comes a new apple of such superlative merits PATENTED has to delight at once the trained pomologists and TRADE MARK. the ‘plain people” also. But this rare combination is ; ‘given to the world in the Senaton—the MOST ADMIRED and best liked apple shown at the World’s Fair. For ‘rare beauty and singularly fine quality, the choice of every beholder. Generations to come cannot choose but ybless the unknown friend of man who first raised it—what pleasure he conferred on his fellows! ‘s Bears every year, began at 4 years and OUTBEARS BEN DAVIS. Trees simply look like a pile of apples ; ip ese AVER- AGED 24 BUSHELS Ist class apples; limbs BEND TO THE GROUND, but don’t break. Finer quality than innaird, don’t scab, good keeper—best apple planted in this country; made us MORE MONEY than Ben Davis or anything else.”” Tested 50 YEARS. roots: Later: “‘F.& F. TY is an excellent production and Iam reading it through. At the Mo. State Hort. Meeting, I recommended your trees to all and defended ou against malicious attacks made in an indirect way. rhe simple and eee truth is the nurserymen are all envious of the colossal enterprise you have built up, and are afraid of you. Itis not your fault that some other firm has not grown up like yours. My wish is that ina few years you will have made money enough to retire and plant your orchards, and then see what another party or company will make out of it, if you sell to them. “At the Farmer’s Institutes I will distribute your cat- alogues, as wellas recommend you in my lectures. But you can searcely have any idea how these nurserymen pick at me for the interest I have taken in your affairs, aud for recommending your stock. What else can I do? They must follow suit if they want to keep pace with the times. In less than 5 years they will all want to use whole roots instead of pieces. **So long as you have the highest authorities on your side, the piece root men may snap and snarl until they are tired. As for me, if a time comes when I dare not express my opinions fully and fairly, the pen will be laid down, and horticultural meetings no more attended. Later, June 8, 91: ‘‘ To-day I answered a letter from a man who will plant a large orchard and who wished my opinion as to whole vs. piece roots, and where he could get them and not be cheated. I told him whole roots every time, and that Stark Bro’s, Louisiana, Mo., was the only firm that had trees of proper age thus worked, and that he might rely on what he got from you.”’ Prof. H. E VAN DEMAN, U. 8S. Pomologist, says : **Some years ago I made a series of experiments in Eastern Kansas with root grafts, using piece roots from an ineh long from different places on the root, up to the whole root twelve inches long. I found the best success with the top eut six inches long. Those that were twelve inches long did not develop roots below. These experiments were made with the Ben Davis apple, which is one of the best varieties to throw out roots from the cion or cuttings.”’ . Prof. THOS. MEEHAN, a life member of the Am. Pomological Society, for 30 years the editor of the Gardener’s Monthly, now editor of Meehan’s Monthly, for more than 50 years a practical nurseryman, and to-day one of the leading American scientists, says : “There is a fallacy concerning fibrous roots which should be corrected. It is generally believed that a pau haying many hair-like fibres on Its rootsis the est for transplanting, but this is wrong; these fibres bear the same relation to the main roots that leaves bear to the branches, and last only as long—. e., each season they are renewed. A few weak, fibrous roots alone are of no walmue to atree whatever, as it is the LARGE ROOTS which are FULL OF STRENGTH that push out the new white rootlets which gather nourishment from the soil. It does not matter how fibrous-rooted a tree may be ; thousands of the small fibres must die before becoming established and the white roots are started, as science teaches us that ee is only at the tip of the NEW fibres that growth is made.” Prof. L. H. BAILEY, Dep’t Horticulture Cor- nell University: ‘*‘ Cutting a root into pieces allows us to make more trees fromour stocks. It allows us to double and treble, and sometimes even quadruple trees. It cheapens multiplication, hastens multiplication. But there are disadvantages in this method of propagation. The roots from piece-rooted trees always are more prongy, not so deep, more horizon- tal, have more tendency to grow near the surface, and have not nearly so many roots AS WHOLE RVOT TREES. When roots begin to form from a cutting, they nearly always form on ONE SIDE and abe a tendency to push out and grow in one direc- tion. nine cases out of ten the roots were a great deal heavicr and stronger upon one side than the other. Whether the tree overcomes these disadvantages later in life lcannotsay. Root-grafted trees as a rule make a smaller growth the first year. The tree has not so much root to startit off. The union in piece-root trees is apt to be imperfect.—persons who are care- ful in their observations have made that statement. toot-grafted trees tend to be more straggling than trees which are worked upon whole roots. They are apt to tip over in the orchard, and are not so long- lived as others. **Now I wish to speak of the advantages of whole We get BETTER, DEEPER and FINER ROOTS UPON TREES WORKED ON WHOLE ROOTS. ‘These trees HAVE MORE FORCE— larger engine and larger power behind. They grow taller the first year. Many say the crownof the tree must bea vitai part of the tree, A great many I have root-grafted a great many trees, and in ~ think the crown is the best place, and as between crown and root, it would seem TO BE TRUE.” ILL. STATE HORT. SOCIETY. From Report of 1890. “The exhibition of nursery stock was the best ever made at these meetings. That of Stark Bros., of Louis- jana, Mo., was exceedingly varied and interesting, and illustrated the various modes of propagation practiced by Shemt,..c*a, ter Prof. T. J. BURRILL: “ But fairness demands the mention thatin the excellent samples shown in the adjoining room by the Stark Bro’s, there is more evidence of the unhealthy swelling on the piece-roots. . . .” The following, by C. M. Stark, of Louisiana, Mo., bearing on the question, was read by Prof. Burrill—(on the last afternoon of the meeting, after the departure of Mr. Stark) : The actual truth about this matter is what is wanted. If piece-root trees are Pha as good as whole roots, we want to know it, and if not as good we want to know it. Prof. Burrill has shown us that in grafting, the cells of cion and stock do not actually unite, it being im- possible for two cells to unite to forma single cell. But when we graft a seedling just above the collar on the close-grained, tough wood, grown like the cion above ground in the light and air, the cion and stock, having a similar cell structure, forma more perfect union than the same cion would form on the softer and more spon wood of the second or third cut of the seedling root. Prof. Burrill also mentioned the swelling or enlarge- ment so noticeable on piece-root grafted trees, which he says shows a faulty union. In piece-root grafting you may splice the top cut just above the collar, but when you_ cut it off with but two inches of root, your tree, while having good surface roots, will not put out any penetrating roots. Now graft the second cut and pen- etrating roots will sometimes put down from the lower end, but the tree lacks the surface feeding roots given the seedling by nature ; but make this seeond cut four inches long instead of but two inches, and it will always pus down several deep-reaching roots. Now why not 1ave both the surface feeders—as well as the natural crown or collar of the top-cut—and the strong, deep roots of a long second cut for our orchard trees ? ell, this is exactly what is gained by whole-root pratting. The splice is made ee above the crown, and the long tap root of the seedling shortened to 6 or7 inches, which causes it to branch justin the same way a vigorous one-year tree does when its one straight shoot is topped back to form ahead. Of course the entire unshortened root is never used, at least, not if the work be rightly done, yet the trees are whole root trees in the sense that all the essential parts are used, and but ome tree can be made from one seedling. Now itis plain that such a whole-root tree is worth atleastas much as a pies a tree ; Pres’t Berck- mans, Downing, Prof. Bailey and others say it is worth far more. This being so, it is certainly the part of pru- dence to investigate before we plant our orchards with piece-root trees. Some ten years ago, when I was as strong an advocate of piece-root ae as any one could be, I decided to plant an orchard of 130 acres. About this time I got hold of Downing’s “ Fruits and Fruit Trees of America,” and read what he says about the natural crown being a wital part of thetree. This started me to investigating, and the result was I made up 10,000 Ben Davis and 7,000 Willow Twig whole-root grafts for my future orchard, using, however, only about 3 or 4 inches of the root, instead of 6er 7 inches as now. Well, the trees were taken up at 2 yrs. old, but by this time, like most nurserymen, I found I had already more work on my hands than I could attend to without the orchard so thetrees were sold. Pres’t H. M. Dunlap bought an planted part of the Willow Twig, 500 or 600, I think. Prest. H. M. DUNLAP, some time after re- ceipt of the Whole-Root Willow Twig trees referred to above, wrote us: ‘*The Willow Twigs you sent us this year were the finest of this variety I ever saw, and I was somewhat in doubt as to their being true to name, but on closer examination I find they show the characteristic Willow Twig growth.” e FURTHER LIGHT upon this important subject and, as the well-known Orange Judd pon **much other trustworthy information for all who grow fruit of any sort or kind,” may be had in “* FRUITS AND FRUIT TREES,” sent free to all who will take the trouble to write a postal card to Stark Bro’s, Nurserymen, Louis- jana, Mo., for the book, OPYRIGHT,1896, vy STARK BROS BLACK BEN DAVIS—80ld ONLY Under PAT'D TRADE MARK Seedling of Ben Davis and a great improvement. Like Ben Davis EVERY WAY, but MORE BEAUTIFUL color, BETTER QUALITY and 2 BETTER KEEPER—three VERY IMPORTANT POINTS “ Beautiful to look at. and gets extra good.” Far and away better than Gano: Decidedly larger, fully equal to Ben Davis; Gano is smaller. Longer keeper and does not ‘‘scald” in cold storage; both Gano and Ben Davis do scald. A more SOLID, DEEPER RED color; Gano often lacks color. Very much better quality; Gano is no better than Ben Davis. In brief, Black Ben Davis is what Gano ought to be—but IS NOT. We are convinced it is going to be oné of the most popular market apples grown. Has already been well tested. Originated by Mr. Black in N. W. Ark. in 1869. Later, 9 trees were grafted and set in orchard where they have regularly excelled Ben Davis. No other trees in existence. *¢ ee eats || if ae & , : 7 13 el —— {1 4. 1 a. 8 .) ty, eels | ey blo Cw THE FOUNDATION IS EVERYTHING. Some build on the ROCK, others on the SAND. The photo shows: 15 0. 0. P. WHOLE ROOT grafts made from FIFTEEN seed- lings, 15 PIECE ROOT grafts made from ONE seedling ! As the hoy is father to the man, so is the graft father to the tree. Butin produetion it is hard to get around that one powerful factor-—-COST. The cost of seedlings alone to make Whole Root gsrotts, to say nothing of their being ‘hard to plant,’”’ gives the piece-root people all their ROCESS J OAK TREES PATO TRADE MARK YORK IMPERIAL. a SOBA STARK TRADE MARK YORK IMPERIAL, crisp, juicy, good; heavy bearer, hangs well, good keeper. Grow,n with great success, Central and South. MAMMOTH BLACK TWIG, the true variety, is THE apple to plant on poorest soil; does well on land entirely too poor for others. The true Mam- moth Black Twig is a different and far better apple than Paragon, of Tenn. The great reputation of the M. B. Twig was first made in the.vicinity of its origin in Washington Co., Ark. The writer lately made a 3 weeks’ trip through the mountains of this section, where, near Rhea, is the original tree, 65 years old, 6 feet, 8 inches in circumference, 216 feet above ground,—fruit from which was shown at the Ark. Hort. Society. Certainly finer apples were never seen; indeed, the largest apple shown was a2 Mammoth Black Twig, weight 20 oz. Bas> We had long been getting M. B. Twig scions from N. W. Ark., but to be absolutely sure of true stock, we have again gone back to the original tree and a nearby young orchard grown direetly from it. LT oa Mee we saaul M ‘Ajaayoadseu ‘Gg ‘p ‘g ‘Z payxseu ‘saldasunu yUdJaYIP noy wo ‘(y4 "9d) S804} ,, SSBIQ 4S] ,, Jejnfias 74) osly cs Ly, Payseu ‘saas} afddy “4A-Z ssejd 381 XX LOCH JTOHM ‘d ‘0 0 WHVIS 11 JO 0J0Ud x "my f & yy i Lind Hv {00K TIOHM tl {OG 10H sf 100 TIOHM Lupus Lv STIHR YUVIS / dH HUVLS Be) ears ENG 408) YAN STH YuVLS | Gye ie wf ile ROCHESTER,N.-Y. COPYRIGHT, 1896, by STARK BROS em 2 CHAMPION ( Coss’ Champion, Champion Red, Collins Red )—Of the six new N. W. Ark. apples now offered, only this and Senator were ever exhibited until at the STARK FRUIT FAIR. Both have excited great interest ever since shown at the World’s Fair, where they took the lead among 60 worthy new sorts. In the only neighborhood where they are grown, they lead Ben Davis and all others, planters saying, “wish all our trees were Senator and Champion.” For ogee profit, Champion surpasses Mo. Pippin—yet the old 40-yr. tree still bears fine fruit. Excels Willow Twig in value, quality and keeping. Large, good color, long keeper; juicy and does not become dry—yet flavor is its one lack. Hangs a month longer than Ben Davis, bears younger and fuller. Tree stron ponte. shouldered like E’y Harvest, tough and hard to break; 8-yr. trees averaged 0 ER 5 BUSHELS fine apples. The week before our visit, the Olden Fruit Co. scoured the country, seeking a MARKET apple | which would hang longer than Ben Davis. They found Champion and—went away satisfied. ES a ae — 2 ae a — ——— ee nn rr re ee nnn + : WI ”* m3 LS flu 2g 82 Sear yee aT aes - ff Binds: 5S ait Be ~ A A 4 r) ‘ | ; ; ee | TREES ae 3 | ae | a= a - + wey “te of | z a Oe, NO. SK be . os = a y Bs ~e eae -_ FRUIT K TREES | R sa R AEA STB STARH TRADE MARK Jas ts Day s, 5 kf COPYRIGHT,I896, vy STARK BROS ROCHESTER.,N.Y. LEGAL TENDER, most valuable of all long keepers— excepting only Apple of Commerce. Very large, larger than Ben Davis, but don’t drop—still hanging well Oct. 2Zist, when Ben Davis and others had fallen. Goodcolor. Good seller. Quality fine. Long keeper—while cutting cions Mar.1, found apples that, after lying all winter on the ground under the trees, were perfectly sound. Tested 21 years. Tough wood, hard to break; not so good a grower as Ben Davis but bet- ter bearer—“ bears to beat Ben Davis and M. B. Twig all to pieces, don’t drop, almost as good quality as Kinnaird, and KEEPS like Limber Twig.” The six new N. W. Ark. apples we believe surpass anything now in cultivation. As compared with each other, we value them in following order: Apple of Commerce, Legal Tender, Senator, Black Ben Davis, Shannon Improved, Champion—and even the latter pays. better than Mo. Pippin, Ben Davis, Willow Twig, etc. Sold ONLY Under PAT’D TRADE MARK. (For 70 years parts of N. W. Ark. have been an actual Vast Experiment Station, people planting seeds of the best apples they knew—hence so many valuable new sorts—literally thousands, many of them good, some better than good, a FEW SUPERLATIVE. But we paid no attention to any sort that lacked any one of our five absolutely essential requisites: Size, Color, Quality, Vigor, Productiveness. oe ie wae = ~ 7 a“ oul” h K TREES JARRFRUIT Hon. T. M. Carrot (whose photo appears with the 42-year-old Stark O. O. P. Tree), writes the Louisiana News: “ Among the earliest recollections of my Boyhood is meeting the Stark boys (father and uncle of the present Stark brothers) in school or at the old horse mill. One thing that impressed my memory was that those boys always had apples. My recollection of old Uncle Jimmy Stark reaches back to the year 1828. In 1852, when I went to the nursery to get the first fifty apple trees I planted, he asked me why [I did not plant 500 instead of 50, assuring me that if 1 would plant and take good care of that number, in 15 years their product would BUY. ANY FARM ADJOINING MINE. How often I’ve wished I had take his advice and ; lanted 5 times 500.” ERTL. a ie me ess i ae j / <<<" APPLE OF Under PAT’D . Pro TRADE MARK * * COMMERCE Taken all in all, the MOST VALUAB apple we know anything about. We believe there will come a time when it will be THE one great Apple of Commerce, ranking far in the lead of Ben Davis—simply because it is so much better in EVERY respect. And it is the first apple we have ever yet seen which we earnestly believe will ENTIRELY supersede that great market variety. Hard, tough wood, never breaks or Splits. Largest leaf and finest grower we know. Bears at 4yrs. and better than Ben Davis—bears too much. Sure bearer—14 CROPS IN SUCCESSION, without a failure. THE MOST BEAUTIFUL apple known, not even excepting Senator, with a heavy blue bloom. Averages larger and a ‘‘ SIGHT better” quality than Ben Davis—ALMOST good as Winesap at its best. Keeps into June. Weshall plant it fast as trees can be had, AHEAD OF ALL OTHERS. “ROCHESTER.N.Y As USUAL it is NOT TRUE Every now and again this firm is informed that acne tors are active in stating that STARK BRO’S do not grow trees, = but are simply tree dealers, buying their stock from other nur-_ series—particularly from themselves. The best way to refute this and bring the facts visibiggs pafore the eyes of those who have not visited the STARK NURSERIES to see for themselves, is to state that STARK BRO’S are the only Nurserymen in the U.S. who publish so many practical photo-illustrations of their nurseries and orchards, ~ and.at the same time freely invite the public to visit and confirm the truth of their pictures and statements. es es vd . The first actual reproduction of scenes in nurser- ies was viven to the world by SrarK BRO’s. The camera was brought to bear on the great fields of nursery trees, the fruit laden orchards, and the busy packing houses, bringing evidence surer and more convincing than all the descriptions that could ever be written. “Hitherto the accounts of the STARK NURSERIES appearing in the papers from time to time had been Solely recorded by the pen, and, consequently, denounced as exayyerated and highly colored.. It was then that STARK Bro’s brought the camera to bear and this isa WITNESS WHICH CANNOT EXAGGERATE, CANNOT LIE. the pictures made by the sun must show just exactly what comes before them. Being painted by Nature herself, they must necessarily be TRUE TO NATURE. ; Stark Bro’s court investigation—they have nothing to hide. No trade secrets to — keep. Visitors are welcome in the offices, to the nurseries, propagating departments— everywhere.. They have advertised for years inviting visitors to come, and making this * challenge: If everything is not as represented, and, moreover, ahead of any competitor, tliey will give gratuitously, 1000 Whole Root trees, FREE of any charge. Leading pomologists, horticulturists, and nurserymen of the U. S. and foreign” — countries, Men most competent to judge, and hundreds of other visitors, come, See and go” away pleased, most of them customers— and never yet one to claim the 1000 free_ trees. These personal visits, proofs, and facts, supply evidence that overthrows misrepresentations and conquers unjust, unfair competition. Perhaps no one enterprise of this firm has received more attention than the STARK DENVER ORCHARDS; and yet the VERY EXISTENCE of these orchards has. been a3 ; denied, notwithstanding they have been DHOTOGRAPHED CR ILLUSTRATED *~ — by leading horticultural papers and the great dailies of Denver as well asin the — U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE REPORT, and VISITED BY — f THOUSANDS, including such scientists as Prof. L. R. Taft, of Mich. Exp. Station, U.S. Pomologist Van Deman, and others equally eminent. However, ie eit m ee Abuse Always Recoils upon the head of the abuser; _ the very worst wind sown is that which has for its purpose the extermination of a just, — fair and square business. Right is always successful and truth is something which must ay prevail. Honorable business methods alone can build up and guarantee the permanency of any firm. Business men who abuse and misrepresent their competitors are sowing to e the wind. It is only a matter of time when they will reap the whirlwind. Bi STARK Bro’S dare to do right as they see the right, regardless of what others may do. or leave undone. Year by year they do a constantly increasing business. Many who © sought to annihilate them, sowing the wind of abuse, long ago reaped the whirlwind, ae _ = bal + «- wa CAs aa ER ELEN NTS Lee HH Se ’ (mes . * + 2 itn ha a 1. , Lt e yen SA Ne SOT SS \ . ON : : 3 SON ENS x \ . ANN 4 ee NS . : \ We AA RON wh : WY : \\ EARN Wek RAN SY RRC PROS Se aA x TN RRR = : ; NSN WAS SS SY \S \ Y x . : a : AY . oS WOT y XY . 2 Es q . ‘ A ~ as - SANs