Historic, Archive Document Do not assume content reflects current scientific knowledge, policies, or practices. DESCRIPTIVE CM) AG fd ; iW = 2 i - +. i be ’ , 7 ~~ ;* ¢ " fs Hae) , = / ee ’ ie» 38 40) ead , "7 , 7 \ “* ; j 4 4 sor Lie. * a ti ‘ ps : 3 s im rs * | 4 +s : bas . iY om ‘ : -A PEP a) ; eh PRB: Eee : x - Fee - = oe —— # \ Cy as . x a ko ong : -~ ’ 1 " ; : a owt : oa, ~ ee = * x en or ‘ * - 4 rs wh Ae hk As iA . 8 ee ‘te i oe ee yy a As’) a f etd Ay SEVENTEENTH EDITION IN CATALOGUE OF = Fruit and == Ornamental Trees Small Fruits, Roses, Shrubs, Etc. Ged oA: A NURSERY COMPANY ic ee SALT LAKE CITY: OCER PRINTING CO., PRINTERS, ETC a at Ne tee | ee (Nace oh >. Guarantee of Genuineness. Our trees are all budded or grafted as far as possible from bearing trees, and every care and precaution is exercised to have them true to name; still with all our caution mistakes may occur, but we hold ourselves in readiness, on proper proof, to replace all trees and other stock that may prove untrue to label, free of charge, but do not hold ourselves hable for further damages. Hints on Transplanting, Etc. We cannot attempt to give complete directions on all points connected with Tree Planting, but simply a few hints on the more important operations. Every man who purchases a bill of trees should put himself in possession of ‘The Fruit Garden,” or some other treatise on tree culture, that will furnish him with full and reliable instructions on the routine of management. Trans- planting is to be considered under the following heads : ist. THE PREPARATION OF THE SOIL.—For fruit trees the soil should be dry, either natural or made so by thorough drainage, as they will not live or thrive on a soil constantly saturated with stagnant moisture. It should also be well prepared by twice plowing, at least, beforehand, using the subsoil plow after the common one at the second plowing. On new, fresh lands manuring will be unnecessary: but on lands exhausted by cropping, fertilizers must be applied, either by turning in heavy crops of clover, or well decomposed manure or compost. ‘To ensurea good growth of fruit trees, land should be in as good condition as for a crop of wheat, corn or potatoes. 2d. THE PREPARATION OF THE TREES.—In regard to this important operation, there are more fatal errors committed than in any other. As a general thing, trees are planted in the ground precisely as they are sent from the Nursery. In removing a tree,no matter how carefully it may be done, a portion of the roots are broken and destroyed, and consequently the balance that existed in the structure of the tree is deranged. This must be restored by a proper pruning, adapted to the size, form and condition of the trees, as follows : Standard Orchard Trees.—These, as sent from Nursery, vary in height from three feet and upwards, according to age and variety. Also branched 4 UTAH NURSERY COMPANY. and without branches. The branches should all be cut back to within three or four buds of their base. This lessens the demands upon the roots and enables the remaining buds to push with vigor. Cut off smoothly all bruised or broken roots up to the sound wood. In case of older trees of extra size. the pruning must be in proportion: as a general thing it will be safe to shorten all the previous years’ shoots to three or four buds at their base, and where the branches are very numerous some may be cut out entirely. Dwarf, or Pyramidal Trees, on the Quince Stock, if of two or three years” growth, with a number of side branches, will require to be pruned with a two- fold object in view, viz: The growth of the tree and the desired form. The branches must be cut into the form of a pyramid by shortening the lower ones, say one-half, those above them shorter, and the upper ones around the leading shoots to within two or three buds of their base. The leader itself must be shortened back one-half or more. When trees have been dried or injured much by exposure, the pruning must be closer than if in good order. Yearling Trees, Intended for Pyramids.—_Some of these may have a few side branches, the smallest of which should be cut clean away, reserving only the strongest and the best placed. In other respects they should be pruned as directed for trees of two years’ growth. Those having no side branches should be cut back so far as to insure the production of a tier of branches within twelve inches of the ground. A strong yearling, four to six feet, may be cut back about half, and the weaker ones more than that. It is better to cut too low than not low enough, for if the first tier of branches be not low enough the pyramidal form cannot afterwards be perfected. 3d. PLANTING.— Dig holes in the first place large enough to admit the roots of the tree to spread out in their natural position: then, having the tree pruned as above directed, let one person hold it in an upright position, and the other shovel in the earth, carefully putting the finest and the best from the surface among the roots, filling every interstice, and bringing every root in contact with the soil. When the earth is nearly filled in, a few pails of water may be thrown on to settle and wash in the earth around the roots: then, after the ground has settled, fill in the remainder and tread gently with foot. Guard against planting too shallow and also too deep. The trees, after the ground settles, should stand in this respect about one to two inches deeper than they did in the Nursery. Trees on dwarf stock should stand so that all the stock be under the ground, and no more. In very dry, gravelly eround the holes should be dug twice the usual size and depth, and filled in with good loamy soil. 4th. STAKING.—If trees are tall and much exposed to winds, a stake should be planted with the tree, to which it should be tied in such a manner as to avoid chafing. A piece of matting or cloth may be put between the tree and the stake. 5th. MULCHING. When the tree is planted, throw around it as far as the roots extend, and a foot beyond, five or six inches deep, of rough manure or litter. This is particularly necessary in dry ground, and is highly adyan- tageous everywhere, both in spring and fall planting. It prevents the ground UTAH NURSERY COMPANY. 5 ~ from baking or cracking, and maintains an equal temperature about the roots. This does not apply to large plants, where constant cultivation is required. 6th. AFTER CULTURE. The grass should not be allowed to grow around young trees after being planted, as it stunts their growth. The ground should be kept clean and loose around them until, at least, they are of bearing size. 7th. Treatment of Trees that Have Been Frozen in the Packages, or Received During Frosty Weather.—Place the packages, unopened, in a cel- lar or some such place, cool but free from frost, until perfectly thawed, when they can be unpacked, and either planted or placed in a trench until con- venient to plant. Treated thus, they will not be injured by the freezing. Trees procured in the fall for spring planting, should be laid in trenches in a slanting position to avoid the winds; the situation should also be sheltered and the soil dry. A mulching on the roots and a few evergreen boughs over the top will afford good protection. Sth. \f trees are very dry when received, bury them root and branch in moist soil for four or five days, when they will be found fresh and plump. DISTANCE BETWEEN TREES IN PLANTATIONS. Standard Apples, 20 to 30 feet apart each way. Standard Pears and Cherries, 16 to 20 feet apart each way. Standard P.ums. Peaches, Apricots and Nectarines, 16 to 18 feet apart each way. The greater distance is better where land is not scarce. Currants, Gooseberries and Raspberries, 4 to 5 feet apart. Blackberries, 6 to 7 feet apart. WHY YOUNG TREES ARE BEST TO PLANT. Most people have the erroneous idea that the larger and older the tree is they plant the sooner will it bear fruit. This is by no means the ease, for trees, after they attain the age of from three to four years, lose their fibrous root and form a tap root, which is impossible to dig up without some injury. The act of transplanting is such a shock to the large tree, that it takes from two to three years to recover from it, and during that time makes little if any growth: while the young tree, commencing growth the first season after planting, very soon outgrows the larger one, and being more vigorous, pro- duces fruit sooner. The larger the tree the less fibres there will be upon the roots. A tree that has plenty of fibrous roots will live and flourish, while one that lacks such feeders will languish and perhaps die. At least the chances are that it will never be a vigorous fruit-bearer. The roots of large trees are always more or less mutilated in transplanting, while the smaller ones do not suffer in this way. Intelligent, experienced fruit growers always plant young trees. 6 UTAH NURSERY COMPANY. NUMBER OF TREES ON AN ACRE AT VARIOUS DISTANCES. At 4 feet apart cach way... ob... 3 sed Le eee ee eee ee 2,129 hie es 66 vatesehly sr ies SAN eS ot oe PRR O LE. ee 1,742 $6) 6 ~ OF NE soa) as IRR ec ig 2s Gea a aS 1,200 pos re Ce aught pak ense pean te Sel a clone ae ce eo 680 tO re PE een eae fos eh eh . ‘450 2 ee 66 OES PS a ee rr ee 325 oS ¢ 66 A wes he a ee Sie 200 CAS zs 66 2 otk ie on edk etd ed ial a ar ee Te 135 “¢ 20 if fo) TE dd Pe fica ot-n ake ei Doe ae er ri Me ae 6 25 is OO ES Dae Gah a a eke pte eee an i 70 +30 66 igoh has ghar JSR) Oe SE, 2 eee Ce ay Cee 50 The number of:plants required for an acre, at any given distance apart, may be ascertained by dividing the number of square feet in an acre (43.560), by the number of square feet given to each plant, which is obtained by mul- tiplying the distance between rows by the distance between the plaints. Thus, strawberries planted three feet by one, gives each plant three square feet, or 14,520 plants to the acre. SELECT APPLES. Our principal stock of Apples consists of the following varieties, which have been well proved and can be recommended as the best now in cultivation for the inter-mountain climate. CLASS I.~- SUMMER APPLES. Carolina June (Red June).—Small or medium; deep red: good: productive. hardy, a free grower: popular at the South and West. August. Early Harvest.—Medium to large size; pale yellow, tender, with a mild, fine flavor. Tree a moderate, erect grower, and a good bearer, a beautiful and excellent variety for both orchard and garden, being one of the first to ripen. August. Keswick Codlin.— Large, oblong, pale yellow: pleasant acid, quality fair. Tree erect and very vigorous; bears when quite young, and abundantly: excellent for cooking. July to October. Red Astrachan.—Large, roundish, nearly covered with deep crimson, over- spread with a thick bloom: very handsome: juicy, good, though rather acid. The tree is very hardy, a free grower, with large foliage, and a good bearer: highly esteemed on account of its tine appearance, earli- ness and hardiness. August. Yellow Transparent.— Mr. Downing’s description: “A Russian variety, which promises to be valuable for a cold climate, as an early fruit of good qual- ity, ripening before the Tetofsky, with more tender and delicate flesh, but does not continue long in use. It is said that the tree, so far, has proved to be very hardy, moderately vigorous, upright and an early and good bearer annually. Fruit medium, roundish oblate,slightly conical; skin pale yellow when fully matured: flesh white, half fine, tender, juicy, sprightly, sub-acid: quality good to very good. Season, early in August and a week or two before Tetofsky.” UTAH NURSERY COMPANY. CLASS II.—AUTUMN APPLES. Alexander.— Origin Russian. A very large and beautiful deep red or crimson apple, of medium quality. Tree very hardy, a moderate grower and rather a light bearer. September and October. Chenango (Chenango Strawberry, Sherwood’s Favorite).—Large, oblong: red and yellow; very handsome; highly valued as a table or market fruit on account of its handsome appearance and good quality. Tree a vigor- ous grower and very productive. September. Gravenstein.—A very large, striped, roundish apple, of the first quality. Tree remarkably rapid, vigorous and erect in growth and very productive. One of the finest fall apples. September to October. Maiden’s Blush.—Large, flat: pale yellow, with a red cheek; beautiful, tender and pleasant, but not high flavored. Tree an erect, free grower anda good bearer. A valuable market apple. September and October. Oldenburg (Duchess of Oldenburg).—A large, beautiful Russian apple: round- ish: streaked red and yellow: tender, juicy and pleasant. A kitchen apple of best quality, and esteemed by many for the dessert. Tree a vigorous, fine grower, anda young and abundant bearer. September. Succeeds well in the Northwest, where most varieties fail. Porter.— Medium to large; oblong: yellow: flesh tender and of excellent flavor. Tree a poor grower: very popular in Massachusetts. September. CLASS IIl.—WINTER APPLES. Arkansas Black.—Origin, Bentonville, Arkansas: the tree is a beautiful upright grower, young wood very dark; fruit medium to large: fine flavor: beau- tiful dark color, almost black: flesh yellowish, slightly sub-acid, crisp: one of the best cooking apples: vigorous. January to July. Baldwin.— Large, bright red, crisp, juicy and rich. Tree vigorous, upright and productive. In New England, New York, Ontario and Michigan this is one of the most popular and profitable sorts for either table or market. November to March. Ben Davis (New York Pippin, Kentucky Streak, etc.)—A large, handsome, striped apple of good quality. Tree very hardy, vigorous and produc- tive: a late keeper: highly esteemed in the West and Southwest. Bismarck.—Tree of short, stocky growth, thick, healthy foliage: makes beau- tiful specimens grown in pots for decorative purposes. Fruit large, handsome, yellow, sometimes shaded red cheek: flesh tender, pleasant, sub-acid. Entirely new in its remarkable quality of producing crops on ene trees, seldom failing to bear when two years old. October to anuary. Delaware Red Winter.—See Lawver. *Esopus Spitzenberg.— Large, deep red with grey spots, and delicately coated with bloom: flesh yellow, crisp, rich and excellent. Tree rather a feeble, slow grower and moderate bearer: esteemed as one of the very best. November to April. < 8 UTAH NURSERY COMPANY. Fameuse (Snow Apple).— Medium size; deep crimson; flesh snowy white, ten- der, melting and delicious. Tree vigorous, with dark wood, one of the finest dessert fruits, and valuable for market: succeeds particularly well in the North. November to January. Gano.— Origin Platte County, Mo. Tree spreading in orchard, vigorous, very hardy, having stood 32 degrees below zero without injury. An early, annual and prolific bearer. Fruit large, bright red on yellow ground, smooth, regular. In a letter to W. ex Gano, under date of December 2, 1883, Charles Downing says: “It is a handsome, well shaped apple of very good quality. Flesh white, fine grained, tender, mild, pleasant, sub-acid.” Its perfect form, brilliant color, hardiness and splendid keeping qualities are just what the market demands. Season February to March. Grimes’ Golden (Grimes’ Golden Pippin).—Medium to large size: skin golden yellow sprinkled with grey dots: flesh crisp, tender, juicy, sprightly: very good to best. Tree hardy, vigorous, productive: originally from Virginia: grown in Southern Ohio. December to February. *Jonathan.—Medium size: red and yellow: flesh tender, juicy and rich: a moderate grower: shoots light-colored, slender and spreading; very pro- ductive. One of the best varieties either for table or market. Novem ber to March Lawver.—Tree vigorous, spreading, an early and annual bearer. A beautiful fruit and along keeper. Color dark, bright red, covered with small dots: flesh white, firm, crisp, sprightly, aromatic, mild, sub-acid: a fine dessert apple. January to May. Mammoth Blacktwig.—The coming apple of Arkansas. Tree upright, strong grower, good bearer, and holds its fruit well; one-fourth larger than Winesap and equal in flavor and keeping qualities. Mann.— Medium to large: deep yellow, often with a shade of brownish red where exposed; juicy, mild, pleasant, sub-acid. Tree hardy and an upright grower; an early and annual bearer anda late keeper. January to April. McIntosh Red.—Originated in Ontario some twenty years since, but is not widely known. Tree very hardy, long lived, vigorous, good annual bearer of fair, handsome fruit of excellent quality, for home or market use. Fruit above medium, roundish, oblate: skin whitish-yellow, very nearly covered with dark rich red or crimson, almost purplish in the sun. Flesh white, fine, very tender, juicy, mild, sub-acid, very promis- ing. November to February Missouri Pippin. Medium to large: pale whitish-yellow, shaded with light and dark red, often quite dark in the sun: flesh whitish, a little coarse, risp, moderately juicy, sub-acid. January to April. Minkler..— Fruit medium, roundish, oblate; pale greenish-yellow, striped and splashed with two shades of red; flesh yellowish, compact, moderately juicy, good; January to March. Newton Pippin. One of the most celebrated of American apples, on account of its long keeping and excellent qualities, and the high price it com mands abroad; but its success is confined to certain districts and soils. It attains its greatest perfection on Long Island and the Hudson. In UTAH NURSERY COMPANY. 9 Western New York and New England it rarely succeeds well. It requires rich and high culture, and it makes such a slow, feeble growth, that it has to be top grafted upon a strong growing variety. November to June. Northern Spy.— Large: striped, and quite covered on the sunny side with dark crimson, and delicately coated with bloom. Flesh juicy, rich, highly aromatic, retaining its freshness of appearance and flavor tillJuly. The tree is a remarkably rapid, erect grower, and a great bearer. Like all trees of the same habit, it requires good culture and occasional thinning out of the branches, to admit the sun and air fully to the fruit. Both leaf and blossom buds open a week later than other varieties. One of the finest late keeping apples. Northwestern Greening.—Hardy, vellow, rich: of good size. Extra long keeper. Pewaukee. — Origin Pewaukee, Wis. Raised from the seed of Oldenburg. Fruit medium to large, roundish, oblate: skin bright yellow, striped and splashed with dark red: flesh white, tender, juicy, sub-acid. Esteemed especially for cold climates on account of its hardiness. Tree vigor- ous. November to February. Rambo.— Medium size: streaked and mottled yellow and red: tender, juicy, mild flavor. Tree a vigorous grower and good bearer. A widely culti- vated and esteemed old variety. Autumn in the South: October to January in the North. Rawle’s Genet (Rawle’s Janet, Never Fail, etc.)—Medium to large size: yellow striped with red: crisp, juicy, rich: a ae grower: prolific bearer. One of the most popular winter apples in the South and Southwest. One of the best keepers. Rhode Island Greening.—Everywhere well known ai popular; tree spreading and vigorous; always more or less crooked in the Nursery; a great and constant bearer in nearly all soils and situations; fruit rather acid, but excellent for dessert and cooking. Towards the South it ripens in the fall, but in the North keeps well until March or April. Rome Beauty.— Large: yellow and bright red: handsome: medium quality: a moderate grower: good bearer. ‘December to May. Roxbury Russet.— Medium to large: surface rough: greenish, covered with rus- set. Tree a free_grower, spreading, and a creat bearer, keeps till June. Its great popularity is owing to its productiveness and long keeping. Smith’s Cider.— Large, handsome, red and yellow: juicy, acid, quality medium: a moderate grower and good bearer: succeeds well in the South and West. November to Febr uary. *Salome.—Long keeper, annual bearer, medium and uniform size: good qual- ity, dark red. *Shackleford.— Originated in Clark County, Missouri. The tree is a vigorous grower and a prolific bearer, better even than the Ben Davis, it flour- ishes on poor land with a clay sub-soil: apples large, highly colored and finely flavored: choice cookers and good keepers. Season, December to May. 10 UTAH NURSERY COMPANY. \ Stark.—_Esteemed as a long keeper and valuable market fruit. Fruit large, roundish; skin greenish-vellow, much shaded with light and dark red, and sprinkled with brown dots: flesh yellowish, juicy and mild sub-acid. January to May. Talman Sweet._-_Medium size: pale, whitish-yellow, slightly tinged with red: flesh firm, rich and very sweet: excellent for cooking. Tree a free erower, upright and very productive. November to April. Twenty-Ounce.—_A very large, showy, striped apple of fair quality. Tree a free, spreading grower, and tine bearer: excellent for baking, and or pleasant flavor, though not rich: very popular inthe markets. Octobetf to January. Wagener.— Medium to large size: deep red in the sun: flesh firm, sub-acid and excellent. Tree a moderate, handsome, upright grower, and very pro- ductive; an excellent variety, introduced from Penn Yan, Yates County, N. Y. November to March. Waldridge (Edgar Red Streak). Origin, Edgar Co., Ill. Medium size, oblate, regular: skin pale yellow, shaded with red: flesh crisp, tender, juicy. Esteemed, especially in cold climates, for its hardiness and produc- tiveness; a late keeper. Tree very vigorous. January to May. Wealthy.— Originated near St. Paul, Minn. Fruit medium, roundish; skin smooth, oily, mostly covered with dark red: flesh white, fine, juicy, vin- ous, sub-acid, very good. Tree very hardy, a free grower, and produc- tive. An acquisition of much value, on account of its great hardiness and good quality. November to February. White Winter Pearmain.— Large, roundish, oblong, conic: pale yellow, extra high flavor: one of the best. December to April. Wolf River.— A new, large, handsome apple: hardy, vigorous, and fairly pro- ductive; greenish-yellow, shaded with light and dark red: flesh rather coarse, juicy, pleasant, with a peculiar, spicy flavor. November. Wine Sap.—Large, roundish: deep red: medium quality, keeps well. Tree a moderate grower and good bearer: succeeds well in the West and is there valuable and popular. December to May. Willow Twig.— Of unknown origin. Fruit medium size; light yellow, shaded and marbled with dull red, and sprinkled with numerous russet dots. Flesh yellowish-green: pleasant, sub-acid, good. Valuable for late keeping. *Winter Banana. Large, fine-grained, smooth: golden yellow, shaded with red: delicious, sub-acid, finest flavored apple grown: juicy, rich, and a eood keeper. Tree very hardy and a beautiful, erect grower: foliage large and glossy; begins to bear the second or third year. Fruit brings from $5.00 to $10.00 a barrel. A fine apple for table. Originated at Adamsboro, Ind. December to May. Yellow Bellflower. Large: yellow, with a tinge of red on the sunny side, flesh crisp, juicy, with a sprightly, aromatic flavor: a beautiful and excellent fruit. Valuable for baking. The tree is a free grower and good bearer. November to April. York Imperial. Medium, oblate, white, shaded with crimson, flesh firm, crisp, juicy and sub-acid: a good bearer and keeper, one of the best winter apples: moderate. November to April. UTAH NURSERY COMPANY. 1l CLASS IV. CRAB APPLES. For ORNAMENT OR PRESERVING. Hyslop’s.— Almost as large as the Early Strawberry Apple: deep crimson: very popular at the West on account of its large size, beauty and hardiness: late. Tree remarkably vigorous. Large Red Siberian.—_Nearly twice as large as the Red Siberian, but similar in appearance and quality. Tree a fine grower. September and Octo- ber. Martha.—A new Crab. A rapid, stiff grower, a perfect pyramid in tree: a great bearer of the most beautiful fruit. Flavor a mild, clear tart: sur- passing all other Crabs for culinary purposes, and fair to eat from hand. Transcendent.—A beautiful variety of the Siberian Crab: red and yellow. Tree a remarkably strong grower. Whitney.— Large, averaging one and a half to two inches in diameter: skin smooth, glossy green, striped, splashed with carmine: flesh firm, juicy, and flavor very pleasant: ripe latter part of August. Tree a great bearer and very hardy: a vigorous, handsome grower, with dark green. glossy foliage. SELECT PEARS. The following list includes most of those which have been well tested and prove valuable. Those designated by a * are of American origin. 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