Historic, Archive Document

Do not assume content reflects current scientific knowledge, policies, or practices.

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“A Bittle Book About

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ALSO PEONIES anp ORNAMENTAL HEDGE PLANTS

Written By a Sperialist

GEO, H. PETERSON 457 ELEVENTH AVE,, PATERSON, N, J.

GROUNDS AT FAIR LAWN, N. J.

BRARY of CONGRESS

fwo Gepies Heceived

FEB 8 1905 SY a cary

ay V'G os ASS ARG. Nox

When Ordering please give plain and explicit shipping instructions.

My Shipping Facilities include Wells Fargo; United States; American and National Express Co’s., Erie, D. L. & W., and N. Y. Susquehanna and W. R.R. Co’s., by any of whom I can make direct shipment. My nearness (16 miles) to New York enables me to make quick connection with any shipping route.

Plants by Mail. Peonies only can be sent by mail, and I advise this method only for small orders that have a great distance to go. Remem- ber that mail orders get the smallest plants and a limited quaztity of moss. Remember also that Express Co’s. now allow 20 per cent. reduction on plant shipments, and my plants, being dormant, require no soil about roots and are packed very light in moss.

Substitutions. I do not substitute, uniess permission is given to do so in case any varieties are sold out when your order arrives.

No Charge for Packing except at 100 or 1000 rate, when a minimum charge will be made to cover actual cost. No charge for delivery to transportation company.

Prices in this cataiogue are net and as low as goods of like quality can be sold at. Remember that there is scarcely any article of merchandise in which the quality may differ so widely as in plants.

Remittances maybe made by Bank Draft on New York, Express or P. O. Money Order on Paterson, N.J., Check, or Currency in Registered Letter, same to accompany order.

Open Accounts. Anyone desiring to open an account, who is un- known to me and whose rating does not appear in Dun’s or Bradstreet’s will please furnish bank or business references which, he must remember, will take some time to investigate. No account opened for an initial order of less than $10.00.

Complaints, if made immediately on receipt of goods, will be investi- gated, and if due to any fault or negligence on my part, will be promptly satisfied.

Your Success is Desired. My interest in your success will not end with the shipment of your order, and if, at any time, anything goes wrong, which is not covered in the cultural directions in this catalogue, write a brief statement of the case, and I will earnestly try to help you.

And don’t forget that it is greatly to your interest to have your order filed as promptly as possible after receipt of this catalogue.

ARH Serre

4 Word Personal

As this catalogue will this year go into the hands of many to whom I am a stranger, a word or two introductory and explanatory will here be, I trust, quite apropcs.

Twelve years ago, while connected with one of the largest nurseries in this country, I began a special study of the Rose. In addition to the unusual facilities afforded me through this connection, I began the es- tablishment of a private rose garden on my home grounds. This has been maintained throughout this period, adding each year the more promising of the new varieties for testing.

These twelve years of labor among what has undisputedly been the “Queen of Flowers,’ since the early civilization of man, have brought me much experience, some knowledge, and my enthusiasm has grown with their passing. I do not know it all—never will; but my experience has convinced me that any fairly intelligent person who, as the late Dean Hole expressed it, “has roses in his heart,’ may also have roses in his garden which will be the pride of his heart and— shall J say it?—-the envy of his neighbor. Confirmatory of this a little digression may here be pardoned.

A certain man, of whom I know, living in a town of considerable size, has about one hundred roses in variety planted in beds on a small lawn and along the south side of a board fence. These, from June 1 until after heavy frosts, yield him a daily cutting for his table, and rarely is a visitor turned away without a generous bunch to take along. The entire care of these roses is undertaken by him, and after a hard day’s grind in the office he finds pleasure and much-needed relaxation in fifteen or twenty minutes spent in his little rose garden. And de- spite the fact that his soil (a light loam) is not what I, or any skilled rosarian, would choose, his roses compare favorably with the green- house product, and few can credit, who do not see them grow, that they are really “outdoor” roses. Ask him the secret (?) of his success, and he tells you, “An open situation, a soil in good condition, good strong plants full of fresh vitality, and success is nine-tenths won.”

This, as we so often hear it said, is the age of specialism, and in no business or profession is this more essential to success than in hor- ticulture. ‘Take the average nursery catalogue, often covering thou-

Copyright, 1905, by Geo. H. Peterson, Paterson. N. J.

2 GEO. H. PETERSON, PATERSON, N. J.

sands of kinds and varieties of plants, and it will at once be apparent how impossible it is for any man to properly know them all.

I have carefully studied the methods employed in producing rose plants not only in this country but also in France, Germany, Great Britain and Holland, and I am satisfied that I ean supply you with the best plants that can be grown—plants that produce results.

The roses described in the following pages are the cream of the varieties, now in cultivation, that can be grown successfully out of doors. The descriptions are all written by myself, and where a variety has weak points I have not tried to conceal it; but you may be assured that the weak points of any rose appearing in my list are more than outmatched by its strong ones—or it would not be there.

By exercising the most careful selection and rigid elimination, 1 confidently believe that no other list extant so truly represents the cream of the World’s Best Roses, and that consequently anyone, how- ever inexperienced in the knowledge of varieties, may safely order therefrom, almost at random.

While my chief efforts have been centered in the Rose, I have de- voted much time to my other two specialties, my interest in which will be shown under their respective heads.

And so I send this little book, my only representative, to you with the hope that it will receive a courteous reception. You will find it a truthful and earnest salesman, never importunate, yet ever ready at hand to serve at your convenience. That it may help you to a better love and knowledge of the subjects ef which it treats, and that the com- ing season may see much added beauty and charm to your garden and your lawn, is my earnest wish. Any orders you may favor me with, whether for 5 or 1,000 plants, will be filled with exacting care. I am anxious that you shall attain a high degree of success, and my expe- rieuce is ever at your service.

Awaiting your commands, believe me,

Earnestly and respectfully yours,

GEO. H. PETERSON. Paterson, N.J., January 10, 1905.

A ROSE WALK A Charming Employment of Climbing Roses

4. GEO. H. PETERSON, PATERSON, N. J.

The Rose The Queen of the Garden

If Jove would give the leafy bowers

A queen for all their world of flowers, The Rose would be the choice of Jove And reign the queen of every grove. Sweetest child of weeping morning, Gem, the vest of earth adorning,

Eye of flowerets, glow of lawns,

Bud of beauty, nursed by dawns;

Soft the soul of love it breathes— Cypria’s brow with magic wreathes, And to the zephyr’s warm caresses Diffuses all its verdant tresses,

Till, glowing with the wanton’s play,

It blushes a diviner ray!

’

—Anacreon (500 B. C.)

A Brief Historical Sketch

While little is definitely known of the origin of the rose as a family in the domain of flora, we are at least certain that it was in cultiva- tion, and held in high esteem, some three thousand years ago. King Solomon makes several allusions to the rose in his various writings: “Let us crown ourselves with rosebuds before they be withered,’ and again, indicating the high estimation of this flower at that time, he says: “I am the Rose of Sharon and the Lily of the Valley.”

To find the rose definitely termed the “Queen of Flowers” we must, however, come a little further down the pathway of time to the period of early Grecian greatness. Homer (800 B. C.), the most celebrated poet of antiquity, in his Iliad and Odyssey, compares the colors of the rising sun with that of the rose. Herodotus (450 B. C.) speaks of the delightful perfume of the roses in the gardens of Macedonia.

To Anacreon (500 B. C.) we owe one of the most charming poems on the rose. It will be found at the head of this chapter.

Greatly esteemed as it was by the Greeks, we find the early Ro- mans no less appreciative. Virgil and Pliny make frequent mention of it, the latter devoting an entire chapter in his Natural History to roses. From the writings of these authors and others it is evident that the rose, at least so far as quantity is concerned, was then much more largely cultivated than in our own day. This we assume from the many instances on record of the lavish use of this flower by the luxury loving Romans. Suetonius, in telling of a féte given by the Emperor Nero, relates how nearly $100,000 was spent for roses alone. Knowing, as we do, that Cleopatra and others were accustomed to strew the couches and floors with rose petals to a depth of several inches, we can readily credit Suetonius.

To what comparative degree of perfection the rose attained in

GEO. H. PETERSON, PATERSON, N. J. 5

their hands we know not, but from the limited knowledge we possess and in view of the great. progress made along this line during the past half century through the systematic process of hybridizing, it is very probable that but few varieties were possessed by them which at best could compare with what can be grown to-day.

In the Middle Ages the rose played a most important part in the history of both France and England. The ‘War of the Roses” bathing England in blood, brought to that flower a prominence never attained by any other. And it comes down to us of to-day, not the embleni of warfare, but symbolic of beauty, peace and purity, now as ever be- fore unquestioned Queen.

Cultivation Location of Site

Roses should be planted where they will be open to sunlight (at least for a half day) and a free circulation of air. Close proximity to trees or shrubbery must be avoided.

Soil

The ideal soil is what may be termed a clay loam. This is of an adhesive nature, but should be sufficiently porous to permit the ready drainage of surplus water. Any good garden soil, however, which will produce good vegetables will, with proper fertilization, yield very fine roses. A too heavy soil may be improved by working in a little coarse sand and vice versa.

Fertilizers

This, while not a very pleasant topic or article to handle, is, nev- ertheless, a most important one. Animal manure, from one to two years old, is, where it can be obtained, the most desirable. Cow manure is generally preferred by rosarians. It can be used most. liberally without any danger from burning; it is also most useful in holding moisture in the soil. Horse manure, when new, is very heating and should not be used while in this condition except as a Winter mulch. Hog, sheep and chicken manure are also very useful. The last two should, however, be used sparingly.

Ground Bone is the most useful of the commercial fertilizers. This may be obtained in several degrees of fineness. My own practice is to mix fine bone meal, medium ground bone and coarse crushed bone. In this way I obtain both immediate and lasting results. This may be used separately or to supplement animal manures. After the beds are well dug, scatter the bone on the surface until the ground is nearly covered; then, with the use of a fork, it can be quickly and thoroughly mixed into the already fined soil.

Nitrate of Soda, an odorless article resembling a coarse, brownish, damp salt, is one of the very best fertilizing agents we can employ.

6 GEO. H. PETERSON, PATERSON, N. J.

It should be scattered thinly (say, about a tablespoonful to a plant) on the surface of the beds about every five or six weeks during the growing season. It can be purchased by the pound from seedsmen, florists, or dealers in fertilizers.

Preparation of Beds

Where the best attainable results are desired, the beds should be “trenched” to a depth of 15 to 18 inches—i.e., the soil should be re- moved to that depth, well pulverized, mixed with from one-third to one-fourth of its bulk with well-rotted animal manure, and when re- turned should stand about three or four inches higher than surround- ing soil. It will settle quickly at the first heavy rain. In a low situa- tion, or where the water does not quickly disappear after a rain, drain- age will be necessary. This may be effected by removing another sec- tion of soil about 8 to 12 inches, and filling in with stones, broken bricks, or other similar substance, the smaller pieces on top and the whole given a coating of gravel or ashes to prevent the soil washing through. The soil taken out at this depth is, especially in the East, usually quite incapable of supporting plant life, and should be removed from the premises.

Planting and Pruning

Hybrid Perpetuals should be planted from 1% to 2% feet apart, the distance being governed by the space at one’s disposal and the length of time the planting will probably remain undisturbed. Hybrid Teas will require about 18, and the Teas about 15 inches. If the branches break out from the main stem close to the roots, the plant should be placed so that this junction is about two or three inches below the sur- face of the soil. If, however, there are several inches of main stem between the root and branches, plant so that the roots are not more than five or six inches deep. The roots should be spread out, fine soil worked in around them and pressed firmly about the plant with the foot. One good watering may be given after planting, but will not be necessary if planting is well done. Bear in mind that a dormant plant requires very little moisture. Roses should be cut back severely when first set out. The strong growths should be left about six inches, the moderately strong wood about three to four inches long, and the weak- est growths cut out entirely. Cutting a half inch above an outside bud will tend to make the plant spreading and bushy.

Subsequent prunings should be done in March after severe weather is over, when all dead wood should be removed and the canes of last season’s growth shortened back to one or more feet in length, accord- ing to strength of growth and variety treated. It may be accepted as a general rule that weak growths should be pruned severely and strong ones sparingly. An 8%-inch pruning shears is an excellent implement

for this purpose.

GEO. H. PETERSON, PATERSON, N. J. a

Diseases and Insects Mildew

This is shown in a grayish crinkled appearance of the foliage, and usually occurs after cool nights and where the air drainage is bad; remedy, dust lightly over the foliage, flowers of sulphur.

Black Spot

A disease of a fungus nature appearing, as its name indicates, as a black spot on the foliage leaf, causing it eventually to fall. It rarely occurs in the early part of the season, and the Teas are almost, if not quite, exempt from its ravages. The best preventive yet known is a spraying in April before the foliage is developed, and again in late June with “Bordeaux Mixture.” On its first appearance a thorough stripping of the affected foliage will often stop its ravages.

Aphis or Green Fly

A sluggish, often wingless, little sucking insect which sometimes gathers in countless numbers on the tips of the new growths. Tobacco in some form will quickly dispose of them if used before they are too numerous, when it may require persistent efforts to dislodge them. Tobacco water, made by steeping tobacco stems in hot water until it has the appearance of strong tea, applied with a small sprayer, whisk broom, or by bending down the affected branches into a vessel of the water, is a simple and effective remedy.

Green Worm

The larve of several kinds of winged insects which feed on the foliage, may be quickly disposed of by an application of powdered white hellebore applied, while the foliage is moist, with a small powder bellows. This will, it is true, give the foliage a dusty appearance, but where a hose is available it can readily be washed off the following day, as, if fresh, it will have quickly and thoroughly done its work. Repeat every two to three weeks if necessary.

Rose Chafer or Rose Bug

A familiar insect whose appearance is fortunately limited to about three weeks in early Summer. -In some localities, quite troublesome; in others, rarely so. A very stupid insect usuaily found feeding on the petals of white or light-colored roses, and when touched or jarred will readily fall into a vessel containing a little kerosene. They seem to be almost impervious to poisons, and the above I have found to be the neatest way of disposing of them.

The reader should not allow the foregoing to discourage him, as, with a well prepared soil, strong, vigorous plants to start with, and a little watchfulness to nip in the bud any attack of insects or disease, he will have little to fear. It is the indifferent, indolent grower whose roses suffer severely.

8 GEO. H. PETERSON, PATERSON, N. J.

Winter Protection

As strong dormant plants can now be had in the Spring at moderate prices, this heading will not appeal to all. Many, however, cannot afford an outlay for roses each year, and to such we offer the best of our experience. The Hybrid Perpetuals are mostly hardy enough to withstand an ordinary Winter without protection. Their vitality, how- ever, will be conserved by some protection. Some coarse litter, corn- stalks or evergreen boughs will, after a few inches of coarse manure have been applied to the beds, be all-sufficient. The object is not so much to keep out the cold as to prevent the sunlight from striking the frozen wood. The tenderer varieties should, about December 1, receive in addition to the dressing of manure (which may be put on at any time after November 10) a good covering of leaves, which should be gathered as soon as they fall and stored. On top of the leaves some light evergreen branches are placed. Under such protection the tender- est roses should winter safely. Or a trench two to three feet deep may be dug in a well-drained soil, the roses dug up and lain into it, and the trench well filled with soil. As soon as the frost is out, dig out and replant. Tender roses may also be wintered in boxes of soil in a cool cellar or heeled in in the floor (if of earth) itself. But two or three waterings will be required during the Winter, just sufficient to prevent drying out.

Some Useful Tools In addition to the usual gardening tools, the amateur rosarian will find useful an 81-inch pruning shears ($1.25), powder bellows ($1.25 and $2.00), a one-gallon compressed air hand sprayer ($1.50), and a flower-cutting scissors (75 cents), which cuts and holds the flower stem until removed by hand.

Roses should be cut in the early morning or in the evening. Cut when the sun is on them, they will wilt even though quickly put in water.

The stock I send out is all large, two-year, dormant stock, which has received the natural Winter rest and in consequence is much more valuable than stock from greenhouse. They will begin to bloom liber- ally within two months from planting. The superiority of one such plant over a half dozen nurslings such as are sent out by mail must be obvious to any intelligent person.

The shipping season is usually from March 1 to April 15, and again in late Autumn.

The importance of sending your order in early cannot be too strongly emphasized, especially if you wish certain varieties. They will be marked and held for you until such time as you name for shipment, and it will be a great satisfaction to you to know that all is arranged ahead. Where certain colors only are asked for, very early orders are not so necessary. Remember, our Spring season for shipping roses is from March 1 to April 15, and also that for best results the first season, you should plant roses as soon as the ground is in condition to be worked.

‘“RICHMOND” A modern type of Hybrid Tea Dormant plants ready Spring of 1906. (Price on application.}

10 GEO. H. PETERSON, PATERSON, N. J.

Rose Gardens.

Are now becoming very popular and, whether it is the modest bed of twenty, or the elaborate gardens of the wealthy containing many hundreds of plants, it must be conceded that it would be difficult to find an investment where a like sum will produce so much beauty and give continual enjoyment for one’s self, his family and his friends.

Where an elaborate rose garden is to be established, I shall be pleased to design in detail such plans as owner may desire. I cannot, however, undertake such work during the shipping season, when my personal attention is wholly given to orders.

Prices of Roses

All roses listed in this catalogue are, except where noted, priced as follows:

30c. each, $2.75 per 10 in two varieties, $23.00 per 100 in ten varie- ties, 5 in one variety at 10 rate, 50 in five varieties at 100 rate.

Hybrid Perpetuals

Under this head we find what are, perhaps, the most useful of all roses, combining, as they do, hardiness, vigor of growth and size of flower with great variety. While so-called “Perpetuals,” it will be found that after the heavy June crop, some continue to yield moder- ately, some give occasional flowers throughout the Summer, and some —must I say it?—none at all. We place them, however, where, in popular estimation, they stand—at the head.

ALFRED COLOMB (free to vigorous). ILacharme, 1865. Bright carmine crimson; large and full, globular form; very fragrant. Large, fine foliage; wood green, with few thorns. A superb Rose, which has held its own for forty years. :

ANNE DE DIESBACH (vigorous). Lacharme, 1858. <A beautiful shade of carmine; very large and full; free bloomer; fragrant. One of the hardiest and bkest of “garden” Roses.

BARONESS ROTHSCHILD (moderate). Pernet, 1867. Light pink, large to very large: very symmetrical, fine cupped form; lacking in fra- grance. Wood short-jointed; foliage fine and in great profusion right up to flower. Should receive high culture.

CHARLES LEFEBVRE (free). Lacharme, 1861. Rich velvety crimson; large, full and beautifully formed. Wood and foliage are a light reddish green, with but few thorns, of light red. A splendid flower, with one weak point—the color quickly fades.

CLIO (very vigorous). W. Paul & Son, 1894. Flesh color, deepening in center; large, fine globular form; free bloomer and distinct. A strong grower, and should not be pruned too short.

DUKE OF EDINBURGH (very vigorous). Paul & Son, 1868. Bright ver- milion crimson, color not very lasting; large and full; of little fra- grance. Foliage large and fine. Should be pruned sparingly.

EARL OF DUFFERIN (vigorous). A. Dickson & Sons, 1887. Rich vel- vety crimson, shaded with dark maroon; large and full; of delightful fragrance. This is one of the best very dark Roses we have. The blooms are very heavy, often borne on stems insufficiently strong to hold them up, and should be staked when in bud for best results.

GEO. H. PETERSON, PATERSON, N. J. let

FISHER HOLMES (vigorous or free). E. Verdier, 1865. Glowing scarlet crimson; an improved Gen. Jacqueminot, than which it is more full and a freer bloomer. Large, and of beautiful form, it is a Rose which no one should omit.

FRANCOIS MICHELON (free). Levet, 1871. Deep rose, tinged with lilac; very large, full, and fine globular form. Fragrant, and one of the freest bloomers of its class. Wood and foliage light green, of not very promising appearance, but the flower will surprise and please you. <A distinct and valuable Rose.

FRAU KARL DRUSCHKI (vigorous). P. Lambert, 1900. Pure white; large, long, pointed buds, of first-class form, petals shell-shaped. A continuous, free bloomer. One of the very best Roses of recent years. d0c. each, $3.50 per 10.

GENERAL JACQUEMINOT (vigorous). Rousselet, 1853. Brilliant crim- son, large, fragrant; not very full. Probably better known and more widely grown than any other Rose, and, while a Rose of much merit, it is not, in my opinion, a great Rose. Its adaptability to various soils and conditions will ensure its continued popularity, however, for many years to come.

HELEN KELLER (moderately vigorous). A. Dickson & Sons, 1895. “Rosy cerise,’ or bright pink; large, semi-globular in form; full and fra- grant, with petals of great substance. <A perfectly formed Rose of great merit, as charming as it is distinct.

JOHN HOPPER (vigorous). Ward, 1862. Bright rose, with carmine cen- ter; large and full. A bushy grower, very hardy, and a standard gar- den variety. While not a flower of the highest type, it has the merit of succeeding under adverse conditions.

JUBILEE (very vigorous). Walsh, 1897. Crimson maroon; large flower, with lasting fragrance. Fine, strong foliage. Promises to take its place as one of our best dark Roses. Awarded gold medal by Massa- chusetts Horticultural Society. 45c. each, $3.50 per 10.

JULES MARGOTTIN (very vigorous). Margottin, 1853. Bright cherry red; iarge, double, fragrant, and very floriferous. A good old-fash- ioned hardy garden variety, but not a Rose for the connoisseur.

LADY HELEN STEWART (vigorous). A. Dickson & Sons, 1887. Bright erimson, shaded with scarlet; large, full, and of fine form. Blooms produced on long, stiff stems. A distinct variety.

MADAME GABRIEL LUIZET (vigorous). Liabaud, 1878. Light silvery pink; large cup-shaped flowers; quite fragrant. A distinct Rose, giv- ing us one of the prettiest shades of pink imaginable. <A favorite exhibition variety in England.

MADAME VICTOR VERDIER (vigorous). E. Verdier, 1863. Bright crim- son; large, full, fragrant, and of splendid form. A Rose possessing a good constitution, beautiful foliage, and still one of the very best of its color. Has a tendency to bloom in clusters. Buds should be thinned if large individual blooms are desired.

MARCHIONESS OF LONDONDERRY (vigorous). A. Dickson & Sons, 1893. Ivory white; exceedingly large and perfectly formed flowers, with petals of great substance. A variety with beautiful foliage, pro- ducing its flowers singly and sparingly on very stout stems. - Will disappoint the careless cultivator.

MARGARET DICKSON (very vigorous). A. Dickson & Sons, 1891. White, with pale flesh center; large, finely-formed flowers of good substance. An unusually strong grower, with very large, fine foliage. Should be pruned sparingly.

MARIE BAUMANN (moderate). Baumann, 1863. Brilliant carmine crim- son; large, full, and of perfect form; very fragrant. An exquisite Rose of great reputation. Should be given high culture. The shoots are not strong, and should be staked while in bud. An indispensable Rose.

MARIE RADY (vigorous). Fontaine, 1865. Brilliant red; very large, full, and of fine globular form. <A superb rose in dry weather, a disappoint- ment in wet. Does not demand much coddling.

12 GEO. H. PETERSON. PATERSON, N. J.

MAURICE BERNARDIN (free). Granger, 1861. Bright crimson; large, moderately full flower of charming fragrance. A most prolific bloomer. A fine old sort, said to be a seedling of Gen. Jacqueminot.

MERVEILLE DE LYON (moderate). Pernet, 1882. White, center tinged with rosy peach. Very large, cup-shaped flower of handsome form. A seedling of Baroness Rothschild, and in habit of growth is identical With that parent. A superb variety, and one of the very best white Roses in its class.

MRS. JOHN LAING (vigorous). Bennett, 1887. Soft pink; large, perfect flower, with petals of great substance, and of a most delicious fra- grance. Produces its blooms on long, stiff stems of almost thornless wood, with large, beautiful light green foliage right up to the flower. Possesses, in my opinion, more points of merit than any other rose for general planting. A Rose you should plant in quantity. Nothing can be finer in table decoration than a liberal vaseful of this flower.

MRS. R. G. SHARMAN CRAWFORD (vigorous). A. Dickson & Sons, 1894. Rich, rosy pink, outer petals shaded with pale flesh; large, perfect flowers of imbricated form, coming on nice, clean, erect stems. A true perpetual bloomer. Awarded a gold medal by The National Rose Society of England. I am more favorably impressed with this rose each season. and strongly urge a general and liberal planting of it. 45e. each, $3.50 per 10.

PAUL NEYRON (very vigorous). Levet, 1869. Deep rose; flowers very large (the largest of any yet in cultivation) and full; a good free bloomer. <A strong, upright grower, with large, tough foliage; wood quite smooth. <A fine garden Rose, which should be pruned spar- ingly.

PIERRE NOTTING (free). Portemer, 1863. Deep crimson maroon, tinged with violet; large to very large flower of fine globular form; very fra- grant. A superior Rose both in bud and flower.

PRINCE CAMILLE DE ROHAN (free). E. Verdier, 1861. Deep velvety erimson maroon; of medium size and moderately full. In intensity of dark velvety color, however, it has scarcely been equaled. Should be given liberal treatment.

SUZANNE MARIE RODOCANACHI (vigorous). Leveque, 1883. Soft, rosy cerise. A large, well-formed, globular Rose of great beauty and charm, but lacking in fragrance.

ULRICH BRUNNER (very vigorous). Tevet, 1881. Brilliant cherry red; of immense size (a seedling of Paul Neyron), fine form, and flowers of great substance and lasting qualities. Wood and foliage very strong and disease resisting, A remarkable Rose.

See prices of Roses on page 10

Hybrid Teas

Here we have what must, in my opinion, soon become the most valuable class of all. The roses under this head are originated, as their name implies, by intermingling the blood of the Tea rose with that of another class, usually the Hybrid Perpetuals. By this method a rose is produced combining the constant blooming qualities of the former with the vigor of growth and hardiness of the latter. While many of these are quite hardy, they will all be benefited by light protection throughout the Winter.

BELLE SIEBRECHT, syn. MRS. W. J. GRANT (free). A. Dickson & Sons, 1895. Rich, deep pink; large flowers, beautifully formed, of the ideal pointed type. Sweetly perfumed. Foliage glossy, of a leathery tex- ture. Very free flowering. An exquisite Rose.

GEO. H. PETERSON, PATERSON. N. J. 13

BESSIE BROWN (vigorous). A. Dickson & Sons, 1899. Creamy white; very large, perfectly-formed flowers of great substance, pointed, semi- globular shape. Flowering stems should be staked to prevent the heavy blooms drooping. Very free blooming and sweetly scented. A gold-medal Rose. Looks like a great acquisition. 50c. each, $3.75 per 10.

COUNTESS OF CALEDON (vigorous). A. Dickson & Sons, 1897. Rich carmine rose; large, well-formed. semi-globular blooms, coming on good, stiff stems. The color is very rich and distinct. A valuable addition. 50c. each, $3.75 per 10.

DUCHESS OF ALBANY (vigorous). W. Paul & Son, 1888. A sport from La France, and identical with that well-known variety in habit of growth, and very similar in style of flower. In color, however, it is distinet, being a darker, rich, even shade.

GRACE DARLING (vigorous). Bennett, 1884. Creamy white, bordered with rosy peach; large and full. <A distinct and very pretty Rose. Should be pruned sparingly.

GRUSS AN TEPLITZ (very vigorous). Geschwind, 1897. Velvety crim- son, Shading to scarlet center. An exceedingly strong grower, with beautiful plum-colored foliage. Cup-shaped, semi-double flowers, often coming in small clusters at the end of long stems. <A very free and continuous bloomer, and very hardy, making it a great bedding Rose. One weak point, which is greatly outweighed by its many good quali- ties, is that the foliage does not come up close to the bloom, the stem weakens just below the flower, causing the latter to droop as if it were too modest to show its beauty. Certainly one of the most de- Sirable of the newer Roses.

HELEN GOULD Syn. BALDUIN (vigorous). P. Lambert, 1898. Carmine crimson. Large, pointed buds of most exquisite, refined style, coming on nice, clean, long stems. The open flowers, camellia-like, are very full and perfect. Despite its tendency to mildew in some situations, this is unquestionably a great Rose, deserving a large planting. 45c. each, $3.50 per 10.

KAISERIN AUGUSTA VICTORIA (free). Lambert and Reiter, 1891. Creamy white, faintly tinted with lemon; large and full. An exquisite flower, possessing much style and a distinct magnolia-like fragrance. Fine glossy foliage. A royal Rose if given “liberal” treatment.

KILLARNEY (vigorous). A. Dickson & Sons, 1898. Flesh suffused with pale pink; large, pointed buds, of exquisite style. Exceedingly rich in bud and half-blown state. Foliage strikingly handsome. <A con- tinuous bloomer. 50c. each, $3.75 per 10.

LA FRANCE (vigorous). Guillot, 1867. Delicate, silvery rose, large, full, and of fine globular form. Exceedingly fragrant, with a sweetness peculiar to itself. Very hardy and free blooming. A Rose rarely re- quiring an introduction, as it is, next to Gen. Jacqueminot, probably the best-known Rose in existence.

LIBERTY (vigorous). A. Dickson & Sons, 1900. Brilliant, velvety scarlet erimson; flowers of fine form, moderate in size. A continuous bloomer. 60c. each, $4.50 per 10.

MAD. CAROLINE TESTOUT (vigorous). Pernet-Ducher, 1890. Light salmon pink; very large and perfect flowers, of globular form, seldom coming malformed. A superb Rose, either as a show or garden variety.

MILDRED GRANT (moderate). A. Dickson & Sons, 1901. Ivory white, sometimes flushed with pale peach. A Rose of great size and sub- stance, and of superb pointed form. It is a magnificent show Rose, but its qualities for general planting are, as yet, little known. 60c. each, $4.50 per 10.

PAPA GONTIER (moderate). Nabonnand, 1883. Rosy crimson; large pointed buds of superb style; petals very large and of beautiful tex- ture: semi-double.

14. GEO. H. PETERSON, PATERSON, N. J.

SOUVENIR DE WOOTTON (vigorous). Cook, 1888. Rosy red; a beautiful even shade. <A good, free-flowering bedding Rose, with nice stems and foliage.

SOUVENIR DU PRESIDENT CARNOT (vigorous). Pernet-Ducher, 1895. Rosy fiesh, shaded white; large pointed buds of superb form. Very free flowering. 40c. each, $3.00 per 10.

VISCOUNTESS FOLKESTONE (vigorous). Bennett, 1886. Creamy pink, centering to salmon pink. A large, fragrant Rose, producing a con- tinuous profusion of bloom. A superb Rose when it comes good, but uncertain in some localities.

Teas

In this class, often termed ‘the aristocracy of roses,’ we find at- tained the highest ideal of delicacy, refinement and chaste beauty, combined with which is a most charming, subdued fragrance peculiar to itself. They do not at any time bloom en masse as do the Hybrid Perpetuals in June, but their valuable characteristic of “keeping ever- lastingly at it” must strongly commend them to him who desires roses for cutting the season through.

The foliage, rather small, is “leathery” and glossy and quite resist- ant to disease and attacks of insects.

They are mostly tender, requiring Winter protection in the North.

See prices of roses on page 10

ANNA OLIVIER (free). Ducher, 1872. Rosy flesh and buff, variable in color. Extra pointed buds, of gcod size. A very fine outdoor sort. A good grower, with nice, bright foliage; quite hardy. Should be pruned sparingly. ;

DUCHESS DE BRABANT (vigorous). Bernede, 1857. Pink, Shaded rose. Flower of medium size and fullness, cup-shaped. Foliage small and dense. ‘There is a charm and daintiness about this Rose which always appeal strongly to me. An unequaled button-hole flower. One of the hardiest teas.

ETOILE DE LYON (very vigorous). Guillot, 1881. Bright sulphur yel- low; very large and full flowers of excellent form. One of the hardiest of the teas. Probably the best yellow Rose we have for outdoor cultivation.

FRANCISCA KRUGER (vigorous). Nabonnand, 1879. Coppery yellow, shaded with peach and rose. <A large, full and well-pointed flower, of beautiful style. A. distinct and very desirable bedding variety.

HOMER (very vigorous). Robert, 1859. Salmon rose; below medium in size. An exceedingly beautiful Rose in the bud state, rarely perfect as an open flower. Will long be esteemed as a button-hole Rose and for its fine bedding qualities. One of the strongest growers to be found in this section.

HON. EDITH GIFFORD (moderate). Guillot, 1882. Flesh white, shaded with cream and pink; moderate sized flowers of fine form, both in bud and expanded. <A free-blooming, excellent Rose.

MADAME BRAVY (free). Guillot, 1848. Creamy white, center flushed with pale pink; large, full, and of exquisite globular form; very fra- grant. A very free bloomer, requiring thinning to get finest blooms. Wood rather weak, and should be staked.

MAMAN COCHET (very vigorous). Cochet, 1893. JLight pink, outer petals splashed with bright rose; very large pointed buds, exquisitely moulded. A very vigorous grower, with fine foliage, and free-blooming qualities. A Rose which you can grow in your garden to equal the greenhouse product. A variety of the highest merit and one which you cannot possibly regret planting liberally of. (Note —My stock of this and White Maman Cochet is unusually fine this year.)

CEO. HH, PETERSON. PATERSON, N. J. 15

MADAME HOSTE (vigorous). Guillot, 1887. Pale lemon yellow; very large, Superbly-formed buds. An exquisite Rose for the skillful culti- vator, but not so desirable for general planting.

MARIE VAN HOUTTE (vigorous). Ducher, 1871. Pale lemon yellow suffused with white, border of petals often tipped with bright rose; large, of beautiful form and fine habit. As an outdoor tea this va- riety long occupied first place and not until the advent of Maman Cochet was its position questioned.

RUBENS (vigorous). Robert, 1859. White, delicately tinted with creamy rose; large, of fine form, moderately full. Foliage exceptionally fine.

SAFRANO (free). Beauregard, 1839. Apricot yellow and saffron; a medi- um-sized semi-double flower of very free-blooming qualities. Sweet and very beautiful in bud state, making a charming buttonhole Rose.

SOUVENIR @dUN AMI (vigorous). Defougére, 1846. Salmon, shaded with rose; very large and full; of fine form and highly perfumed. A strong growing variety with handsome foliage; quite hardy.

SUNRISE (free). Piper, 1899. A marvelous combination of fawn, salmon, copper and scarlet. A very distinct and most remarkable Rose which is yet too new to me to advise planting largely outdoors. I would, however, strongly advise giving it a trial. 50c. each, $3.75 per 10.

WHITE MAMAN COCHET (very vigorous). Cook, 1897. White, outer petals usually tinged with rose. A “sport” from Maman Cochet and identical with that variety in style, size of flower, and habit of growth. See “Maman Cochet.”’

Climbing Roses

Under this head we find most of the various classes represented. As an ornamental plant for covering porches or verandas, side walls, pillars, fences, etce., they are unequaled, calling forth more admiration than anything else which can be similarly used. They require but little pruning. The Teas, Hybrid Teas and Noisettes should be taken down in the late Autumn at the North and covered with soil.

CLIMBING BELLE SIEBRECHT (Hybrid Tea). W. Paul & Son, 1899. A climping form of the beautiful variety of same name, promising to be a most valuable addition to the ever-blooming pillar class. 50c. each.

CLIMBING KAISERIN AUGUSTA VICTORIA (Hybrid Tea). A Dickson & Sons, 1897. <A strong climbing sport; identical with parent plant, except in habit of growth. (See “Hybrid Tea” section.) Makes an exceedingly chaste pillar rose. Requires good treatment. 40c. each.

CRIMSON RAMBLER (Polyantha). Turner, 1893. Bright crimson, small flowers produced in clusters. A Rose of exceedingly strong growth, succeeding in almost any situation where a Rose will grow. Very hardy. The best known and most popular climbing Rose of the day.

DOROTHY PERKINS (Polyantha). Jackson & Perkins, 1901. Beautiful shell pink; fragrant and full. Similar in habit to Crimson Rambler. From my brief study of this variety I believe it to be a really great acquisition, as it certainly is a most beautiful one. I urge you strongly to plant it if you have, or can make, room for a climber. 60c. each.

GLOIRE DE DIJON (Tea) Jacotot, 1853. Rose, salmon and yellow; very large and full. One of the most popular of Roses in England, and grown very largely as a veranda Rose in the southern portion of our own country. A fragrant, ever-blooming Rose of much merit.

MARECHAL NIEL (Noisette). Pradel, 1864. Deep golden yellow. Extra large, full and of fine form, it is conceded to be the finest yellow Rose in existence. In the north, however, it is not a Rose for general planting out of doors. Given a warm, sunny situation the ardent cultivator who ‘loves’ his Roses should succeed in obtaining some of its matchless blooms. Quite tender. 50c. each.

WM. ALLEN RICHARDSON (Noisette). Ducher, 1878. Deep orange yellow; small and distinct. A very popular variety south, but re- quires a sunny nook and good treatment in this latitude to bring out its good qualities.

16 GEO. H. PETERSON, PATERSON, N. J.

Mloss Roses

These are valuable chiefly as buds, which are prettily covered with a moss-like substance—hence the name. Unlike most classes, they fail to respond, in the way of improvement, to the hybridizer’s art, the Common Moss, which can be traced back more than three centuries, being still one of the very best. They are very hardy and should be pruned quite close.

Being more susceptible to mildew than any other class, they should not be planted in a close, “stuffy” place.

BLANCHE MOREAU (vigorous). Moreau-Robert, 1880. Pure white large and full; beautifully mossed. A free-blooming variety.

COMMON MOSS (vigorous). Origin uncertain; centuries old. Pale rose; beautiful buds. Very popular.

CRESTED MOSS (vigorous). Vibert, 1827. Rosy pink; well mossed; fragrant and beautiful. Quite exempt from mildew.

SALET (vigorous). Lacharme, 1854. Light rose and blush; very pretty. One of the freest bloomers in its class.

WHITE BATH (moderate to free). Salter, 1810. Pure white, some- times tinged with flesh; very beautiful. The best white moss.

Miscellaneous Roses

Here will be found a few of the choicest roses in cultivation which are not included in preceding classes.

CABBAGE or CENTIFOLIA—Provence—(free). Introduced into England about 1596. Rosy pink, very full and fragrant. Undoubtedly the oldest Rose in cultivation and believed to be the Hundred-Leaved Rose of Pliny. Should be in every garden, not alone for its ancient asso- ciations, but because of its inherent merit.

CLOTHILDE SOUPERT—Polyantha—(vigorous). Soupert & Notting, 1890. Blush white, shaded with rose; variable. Flowers of medium size, very full, coming in clusters; always in bloom. Were it not that the blooms often open imperfectly and come “dirty’”’ it would be one of the very best bedding varieties in cultivation.

CRAMOISI SUPERIEUR—Bengal—(vigorous). Plantier, 1834. Velvety crimson, medium-sized semi-double flowers. A good constant bloom- er. A fine border or low hedge Rose.

HERMOSA—Bourbon—(moderate). Marcheseau, 1840. Bright rose. A little under medium size and moderately full; always in bloom. One of the most desirable for mass bedding and of the easiest culture.

MADAME NORBERT LEVAVASSEUR—Polyantha—(free). Levavasseur, 1904. A new Rose of marvelous merit, which may best be described as a dwarf ever-blooming Crimson Rambler. Continually in bloom, this promises to become one of the best mass bedding Roses, and the best border or low hedge Rose we have. Height, 15 inches. A Rose which I commend to you as the greatest novelty sent out in years. SH 00 Vealeche ouea0e per wn0:

MADAME PLANTIER—Hybrid China—(vigorous). Plantier, 1835. Pure white; flowers of medium size, opens flat. Produced in great profu- sion in June; very hardy. <A useful Rose for hedging and cemetery planting.

MAGNA CHARTA—Hybrid China—(vigorous). W. Paul & Son, 1876. Pink; large, full and fragrant. Foliage and wood light green. An excellent rose, easy to grow.

PERSIAN YELLOW—Austrian—(free). Willock, 1830. Deep yellow, rather small, well formed, moderately full flowers. Wood a distinct chocolate brown color. Foliage small, delicately scented. Seems to thrive with little care. The best vellow hardy Rose in existence. Prune very sparingly.

GEO. H. PETERSON, PATERSON, N. J. 17

SOUVENIR DE LA MALMAISON—Bourbon—(free). Beluze, 1843. Deli- cate flesh; large and full, flat form. Fine foliage. <A fine Rose which has keen very widely planted.

WICHURAIANA—The Memorial Rose—Introduced from Japan. Pure white. Single petals of a satiny texture surrounding bright yellow stamens. Produces its flowers in lavish profusion throughout July. The plant is of a ecreeping, ivy-like habit, making it very useful as a covering for rockeries and trailing over graves in cemeteries, etc. Foliage handsome shining dark green.

SEE PRICES OF ROSES ON PAGE 10.

The Herbaceous Peony

Printers’ ink, the most useful of all mediums in the dissemination of man’s knowledge, seems utterly inadequate to convey to you, who may not have seen them, some conception of the matchless, regal beauty of the modern type of this flower. Could I take you into my

A VASE OF MODERN PEONIES

18 GEO. H. PETERSON, PATERSON, N. J.

gardens in June, then!—well, talking then would be as needless as it now seems useless.

While the peony, in a common form, was a frequent and cheery occupant of the old-fashioned garden of long ago, it is of comparatively recent date that its great possibilities of development became known. In the hands of the French, the most skillful hybridizers in the world, aided by an exceedingly genial climate, this flower has been brought to a truly marvelous state of perfection. Thus it is that, with few exceptions, the very choicest peonies in cultivation to-day bear French names, some of which are quite impossible to our English-speaking tongues. These are, however, quite useful and necessary in the matter of selection, but as “‘a rose by any name will smell as sweet,’ so a peony, after planting, even though its name be forgotten, will ever be as beautiful.

By reason of its great adaptability to soil and climate, its absolute hardiness, its freedom from disease and insect pests, its Mark Tapley- like characteristic of striving to do well under adverse conditions, and the superb beauty of its great fragrant blooms, it is rapidly becoming, next to the rose, the most popular flower of our day. While its first cost may seem high, it is one of the most economical of all flowering plants to buy, as in the hands of the amateur it will, without any effort from him, increase as rapidly as with the professional grower. While a rose may be propagated by inserting short pieces of its wood in sand in a greenhouse, and so in a few years its price is brought down to an average level, the only practical method of increasing one’s stock of peonies is by root division. In accordance with a well-known law of nature, the highest bred types do not increase so rapidly as those less perfect, which will explain why the prices of some varieties do not lessen as they become older, and why, in response to the law of supply and demand, some varieties are one year higher priced than last. In these high-bred varieties the planter may expect a minimum annual increase of double—i. e., where 10 plants are set one year there will be 20 the next.

The Peony is sent to you in the form of a root, from which, when dormant, will be seen protruding pinkish buds or “eyes,” which should be planted about four inches deep.

Planting may be done in early Spring or Autumn. Spring set plants will not bloom the first season, but will make strong plants for the second. September or October planting of strong roots will give flow- ers the following season; so one’s time of planting must be largely governed by the time of year it happens to be when he reaches the decision to plant.

Where the finest flowers are wanted the roots should not be dis- turbed for several years, as it is not until its third and subsequent seasons that the Peony attains its maximum size and perfection.

While it will, as before stated, thrive under much neglect, it will also respond, in largely increased size of flower, to a well-prepared and enriched soil. Care should, however, be exercised in planting that manure does not come into direct contact with the roots.

GEO. H. PETERSON, PATERSON, N. J. 19

Cut as the bud begins to expand, the flower will open perfectly in water in the house, lasting several days. The prices of my Peonies are based on an undivided plant of a full year’s growth with three or more eyes. Varieties at $0.30 are $2.50 per 10. 40 are 3.50 per 10. 50 are 4.50 per 10. 60 are 5.25 per 10. 75 are 6.50 per 10. 1.00 are 8.50 per 10.

5 of one variety at 10 rate.

ALBERT CROUSSE. An enormous rose pink flower, Shaded with bright pink. <A superb variety. $1.00.

ALEXANDER DUMAS. Bright pink, shaded with white and salmon. Early and very floriferous. 50c.

ALICE CROUSSE. Outer petals bright pink, center delicate pink and salmon. A large and very beautiful flower. 7T5c.

ATROSANGUINEA SUPERBA. Deep carmine, large fine flower. 50c.

BELLE DOUAISIENNE. Flesh-colored, some petals lined with pink; flat form. Very fine. 60c.

CANDIDISSIMA.. White and sulphur yellow. A beautiful flower in the form of the anemone. 40c.

CARNEA TRIUMPHANS. Collar flesh pink, centering to salmon pink. A very large choice flower. 60c.

DELECOURT-VERHILLE. Pure white, center shading to carmine. 30c.

DR. BRETONNEAU. Very dark pink, tinted with violet. Large flower. 40c.

DUCHESSE DE NEMOURS. (Calot.) Superb cup-shaped, sulphur-white flowers with greenish reflex. One of the very finest of all peonies. $1.

DUCHESSE D’ORLEANS. Beautiful carmine, center intermingled with rays of salmon. Large flower, 50c.

DUKE OF WELLINGTON. Large sulphur-white flower of fine form and habit. Very beautiful. 75c.

EDOUARD ANDRE.. Deep brilliant purplish crimson, coloring unique A grand globular-shaped bloom. 75dc.

EDULIS SUPERBA.. Beautiful brilliant pink. Very large and full. A strong growing, early variety, worthy of a large planting. 30c.

FESTIVA MAXIMA. Very large pure white flowers, center petals usually tipped with blood red spots. Flowers borne on long stiff stems. A superb white variety which stands to-day unequaled. 60c.

GLOIRE DE CHENONCEAUZX. Enormous satiny pink flowers, very full and of globular form. 60c.

GROVER CLEVELAND. Brilliant crimson. A very large, full, and finely fringed flower. An American seedling of great merit. $1.

L’INDISPENSABLE. Creamy white, center soft shining rose, finely shaped globular flower. 60c.

LA TULIPE. Large globular flower; white, roseate center, petals tipped with carmine. A many colored variety of fine habit. 50c.

LOUIS VAN HOUTTE. Large, brilliant violet red. Finely formed. 30c.

LOUISE RENAULT. Solid slaty pink: very full, free and fragrant. Late. 60c.

MME. BREON. Yellowish white, with outside petals flesh colored. A dis- tinct and interesting variety. 30c.

MME. CALOT. White, tinted flesh color; large. extra fine flower. 40c.

20 GEO. H. PETERSON, PATERSON, N. J.

MME. DE GALHAU. Enormous flower; soft, silvery pink, Shaded sal- mnOm, ILA, IDSdaRe, 7G

MLLE. MARIE CALOT. White and flesh. Very large and late. Choice. SC-

MARECHAL DE MAC MAHON. Very large, anemone shaped flower of a deep violet pink color. 60c.

MARIE DEROUX. Bright pink, flesh tinted, with white edges. Beautiful

imbricated form. Very !ate. 75c. MARIE LEMOINE. Vhite, center slightly tinted with flesh; golden yellow stamens. Very late. 75c.

MATHILDE MECHIN. Salmon and pink; very full anemone shaped flower. TDC:

MEISSONIER. Brilliant purple; very large and full. Late. 50c.

MODESTE GUERIN. Bright pink, shaded lilac. A large flower of per- fect form. 40c.

M. BOUCHARLAT AINE. Large, very full flower, beautiful bright lilac pink with silvery border. Late. 60ce.

M. PAILLET. Violet pink shading to lilac, petals edged with silver. A large and beautiful flower. 40c.

M. KRELAGE. Deep wine color, with purplish center; large flower. Very ipa, | Exe

MES. McKINLEY. Outside petals rosy crimson, centering to rosy flesh. A superb flower of American origin. 75c.

NEC PLUS ULTRA. Clear bright fresh pink. A large, full flower of great merit. 30e.

QUEEN ViCTCOCRIA. White, center petals splashed with yellow. 30c.

REINE VICTORIA. Light pink, center yellow with carmine. 75e.

RCSEA SUPERBISSIMA. Deep rose pink. A fine old Chinese variety. 40c.

RGSE @WAMCOUR. Beautiful delicate pink. A superb flower of great size. 50c.

RUBENS. Beautiful semi-double crimson flower with golden stamens. 30c.

RUBRA SUPERBA... Deep brilliant crimson blooms; late. 50c.

SOLFATARE. Outside petals broad, pure white, center smaller, sulphur yellow; extra. 75c.

SOUV. DU DR. BRETONNEAU. Bright cherry red, slightly tinted with brilliant purple, golden stamens. Large flowers coming in clusters. 50c.

VAN DYCK. large flower, center salmon and chamois-tinted, border fresh salmon pink. 40c.

Ornamental Hedges

‘*The Fence That Ornaments and Don’t Decay ’’

Excepting, perhaps, the lawn, by which I mean the grass itself, there is no one thing in outdoor adornment which will so add to the beauty and value of a home, or evoke so much admiration from the passerby, as a neat, attractive hedge. This you will, I think, readily concede. The widespread planting of California Privet (Ligustrum Ovalifolium) during the past twelve years has, to a certain extent, shown what a hedge can do in this respect.

California Privet has, however, had its day, at least so far as the intelligent, discriminating planter is concerned. The Winter of 1903- 1904, when many thousands of fine hedges of this plant were, in this locality and throughout the North, killed to the ground, bringing dis-

GEO. H. PETERSON, PATERSON. N. J. 21

couragement to as many owners, demonstrated how unfit this plant is to stand where the temperature may go to zero and below. Knowing its weakness in this respect, I and other conservative and more experi- enced horticulturists several years ago strongly decried the planting of it north of Washington or at most Philadelphia—some heeded the warning, many did not. Aside from its lack of hardiness, which alone must make it impossible to the man who does things thinkingly, Cali- fornia Privet has other faults to offset its good points. First in its favor is the ease with which it can be propagated, and the consequent low price at which it can be brought to the planter; and secondly, the fact that a full-sized hedge of it may be grown in a year or two. Up to the second year this latter is a point in its favor, but ever after a burden to him who must ¢care for it, as its continued rapidity of growth necessitates frequent shearings to keep it within bounds.

Of stiff, upright habit, it is lacking in grace, lateral branching quali- ties and impenetrability. Despite its weaknesses it must continue to be a hedge plant of value to the home maker of limited means who is situated below the zero line.

The purpose of this chapter is not, however, so much to tell of the faults of California Privet as to bring to your knowledge something which is in every way infinitely superior.

Planting and Care of Hedges

‘Preparation

If the soil is all natural top soil of fair fertility, the problem of preparation will be easily solved. In this case all that is necessary is to thcroughly fine the soil to a depth of 12 to 18 inches in a strip 2 to 3 feet wide, working in, if it can be obtained, three inches of old well-rotted manure. Ii the top soil can be thrown out and the subsoil well spaded, it will well repay the extra labor entailed. As the hedge will, if the proper sorts are selected, endure for a couple of genera- tions, I would strongly urge a little extra labor in the preparation of the scil before planting, as it will be exceedingly difficult to correct any deficiencies afterward. If the soil is in whole or part filled-in land, it will be necessary to see that all is made of equal fertility that a uniform height of growth may be obtained.

Planting

Having gotten the soil in fine and level condition, draw a coarse line taut on the surface of the soil where the planting is to be made, stamp line down into the soil every few feet with flat of a rake. The line may then be removed and will be found to have left an impress which will insure straight planting. Plants may be set from § to 18 inches apart. according to kind and size, in single or double rows. The latter method, while using more plants, will make a hedge of great solidity and impenetrability. The rows should be placed 9 or 10 inches apart and appear thus:

* * * * * * * * * * x

YMoIyH jo Ayu1oOJ1UF, [BinzeN sz pue ‘aseioy sy jo Aovoreq 34} ‘JIqeH [NJooeIDH sy} Surmoys AUAAGUAVA ASANVdvV[ AO ADGAH GANWIALNNA NV

L.of C.

GEO. H. PETERSON, PATERSON, N. J. 23

Cultivation

The surface of the soil should, at least during the first two years, be kept mellow and free of weeds. This can be done well and quickly with a hand wheel cultivator, which is run along each side of the row every week or ten days. (This implement, costing $4.00 to $6.00, should be owned by everyone having a vegetable garden.) A hoe should be used at every second cultivation, between the piants. In the Fall a dressing of stable manure, which may be new, should be applied, and forked into the soil the following Spring.

Pruning

If two-year plants are set, and these will cost less and soon make a better hedge than older plants, they should, at planting, be cut back to 6 or 8 inches from the ground. If the proper sorts (those of a twiggy, branching habit) are used, all the Summer pruning necessary will be an occasional clipping back of the stronger growths extending above the body of the hedge. This can be quickly done with the ordi- nary sickle or grass hook. In March a more careful general pruning should be given which, the wood being hard, will bring into use a pair of heavy hedge shears.

Where a hedge of considerable size is desired the first year or two, large plants may be used, but, except where a competent gardener is employed, such a hedge will soon be outclassed by one set with younger plants. ET

A good hedge may be had with much of the above omitted, but the best possible one can be obtained only by a little thoughtful care given at the right time.

Deciduous hedge plants may be planted either in Spring or Fall. Evergreens more safely in Spring.

What To Plant

JAPANESE BARBERRY (Berberis Thunbersgii)

Far and away ahead of anything which can be used for general ornamental hedging, is this most charming and valuable shrub from Japan, the country to which we already owe so much in the enrichment of our lawns and gardens.

In the early Spring, before other deciduous shrubs show signs of life, we find this plant breaking forth into a dress of a most pleasing shade of light green. In May we find it abloom with a delicate bell- like flower of white slightly tinged with yellow. Beautiful as it is throughout the Summer with its small, dense foliage of green, its Au- tumn colorings are scarcely equaled by any plant we have; and when this is gone we are amazed at the wealth of scarlet berries seen hang- ing on the branches. This fruit, distributed with lavish profusion on the dense brown wood and hanging on throughout the Winter, presents a picture which, when seen against the snow, is not soon forgotten. One of the densest growing shrubs of which I know, it is also one of the hardiest. Through the Winter of 1903-04, alongside of California Privet, which was killed to the ground, this shrub was found full of life in every branch right to the very tips.

Being an exceedingly dense grower from the ground up, this hedge

FEB 8& 1905

24. GEO. H. PETERSON, PATERSON, N. J.

becomes a perfect bar to dogs, cats and chickens, as well as larger animals. Its habit is very graceful, spreading rather than upright, slightly pendulous, attaining a height of from 3 to 5 feet, according to richness of soil.

I wish I could bring you to know of the great merit of this plant as expressed by many of the best horticulturists, but lack of space constrains me to confine myself to the following editorial article on “Winter Affects Trees and Shrubs,” in “Gardening” of April 15, 1904:

“California Privet has again demonstrated its manifest unfitness for use as a hedge plant north of Philadelphia. Far better in every way for this purpose is the cheery little Berberis Thunbergii, always relia- ble, always beautiful, with its early verdure in Spring, its graceful habit in Summer, its glorious Autumn foliage and its wealth of coral fruit all through the Winter and Spring months.”

It is already being quite largely planted about the better class of homes, and the wise man wiil not wait until he sees a finely matured hedge of it possessed by his neighbor.

Compared with California Privet the price may seem high, but what kind of a fence, leaving out the question of beauty and durability, could be erected at so low a cost?

Strong two-year plants, four or more main branches from ground, well-branched laterally and about 15 inches high, at $10.00 per 100, $85.00 per 1,000, 500 at thousand rate.

Sizes and price of larger plants on application.

JAPANESE PRIVET (Ligustrum Ibota)

A new privet of great merit and absolute hardiness from Japan. Where one desires a high (from 5 to 8 feet) privet hedge there is noth- ing to equal this for Northern planting. Compared with the well- known California Privet, the foliage is longer and more pointed, the color a lighter shade of green and the growths shorter and more twiggy, making a far better natural hedge. The foliage changes in the Autumn to a rich, purplish plum color, remaining on into quite severe weather. On the reputation of this variety there have been many seedlings from European nurseries sent to this country which are not the true Ibota. I guarantee my stock to be the true variety.

Strong, bushy plants, $9.00 per 100, $75.00 per 1,000.

JAPAN QUINCE (Cydonia Japonica) The most valuable of the flowering hedges, producing in April/4jn great profusion, its showy scarlet-crimson flowers. $15.00 per 100. (Subject to attacks of San Jose scale).

HEMLOCK SPRUCE (Abies Canadensis) A well-known native tree of very graceful habit, which, when planted close and pruned hard, makes the most ornamental of evergreen hedges. 2 to 3 feet, $25.00 per 100. Other sizes on application.

JAPANESE HOLLY (Ilex Crenata)

A very recent introduction. A very low, slow-growing plant not un- like Box in appearance, than which it is more hardy. A true evergreen with small, thick, glossy, dark-green foliage. Very useful as a border in formal gardening work. Sizes and prices on application.

A,T. DE LAMARE PTG. & PUB, CO. LTD., HORTICULTURAL PRINTERS, 2-8 DUANE ST., NEW YORK

GARDEN LITERATURE

The successful gardener must possess some degree of interest and, better yet, enthusiasm. Having these, knowledge will follow, and while we cannot learn it ali from books, the successful experience of others must at once be an inspiration and help. The following limited list of periodicals and books I specially recommend, any of which will be mailed, postage paid, on receipt of price.

PERIODICALS

Country Life in America (monthly). The most superbly illustrated publication in America. $3.00 per year, including three double special numbers.

The Garden Magazine (monthly). A new comer of great promise. $1.00 per year.

Gardening (semi-monthly). A standard publication. $2.00 per year.

BOOKS

The Book of the Rose (Foster-Melliar). The latest and one of the best works cn the Rose for the amateur. $1.75.

Book About Roses (Hole). A delightful book by the late Dean of Rochester, who was one of England’s most noted clergymen and amateur rosarians. $1.25.

Parsons on the Rose. A scholarly book which will both entertain and instruct you. $1.00.

The Rose (Ellwanger). A helpful book describing a great number of varieties, $1.25.

The Garden’s Story (Ellwanger). A book of great charm and interest. $1.50.

The Garden of a Commuter’s Wife. Combining rare literary charm with much technical knowledge. $1.50.

How To Make a Flower Garden (Various). A large book, profusely illustrated. $1.80.

The Flower Garden (Bennett). Perhaps the most practical and helpful of all works on general flower gardening. $2.17.

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