Historic, Archive Document
Do not assume content reflects current scientific knowledge, policies, or practices.
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SEETIELEELIED
Catalogue of Fre ruit and oe a
- es “GROWN BY THE ~
‘Slebiago Nursery Company CHARLES Cot IOWA a
To the Public
E take pleasure in presenting herewith a carefully revised edition of our Descriptive Catalogue. We have taken great pains in the revision of our list to cull out all worthless varieties, and to catalogue only such varieties as we consider of special merit.
We are constantly on the watch for new things, both in the fruit and ornamental line, and we are adding such to our list as fast as their behavior proves beyond reasonable doubt that they are of value, and we believe the list which follows contains, with but few exceptions, all the fruit and ornamental trees, plants and shrubs which are of value throughout the Northwest.
LOCATION.—Our grounds are located on the open prairie land where the winds have an unbroken sweep for twenty or twenty-five miles from the northwest, and stock which is sent out by us has been thoroughly tested by as severe exposure as they are likely to meet when given their permanent planting.
PURITY OF STOCK.—We take every precaution to keep our stock free from mixture, and we are very careful that everything we send out shall be true to name. If, however, by any error the stock received should be found to be untrue to name, we stand ready to replace such stock free of charge.
PACKING.—Our packing and shipping facilities are unsurpassed. We have a band of trained men, many of whom have been in the nursery business nearly all of their mature years, and we believe we are as well prepared to handle stock in a first- class manner as any firm in the United States.
We take great pains in our packing, using only the very best of materials. Our packing-houses are large, covering approximately one and one-half acres, and all our packing is done under cover where the stock is not exposed to the sun and wind, and we can promise our patrons that the stock will be put into the hands of the railroad com- panies here in prime condition.
ERRORS.—We shall take every pains to get the goods to our customers in the best condition, and we believe few firms fail in this respect as seldom as we. If on the arrival of the goods any mistake should be found in the filling of the order, our patrons are requested to notify us at once, and, if possible, return the shipping tag which accompanied the goods with such notification, and all errors will cheerfully be made right.
SHIPPING SEASON.—Our shipping season usually opens in this section about the 1st of April and continues until some time in the menth of May, and in the fall our shipments are made during the month of October and the early part of Novem- ber. Please bear in mind that the planting season is not regulated by the day of the month nor by the state of vegetation where the planting is to be done, but the proper season for planting trees should be determined by the condition of the trees to be planted. It is better that these trees be started a little. Trees that have burst their buds will do better than those planted when perfectly dormant. It matters but little if the trees in the locality where the stock is being set are in full leaf if the trees that are being planted are not started to any great extent; they will be none the worse for having been planted a little late. As a rule, we have found that deciduous trees, as well as evergreens, do better if planted after the ground has begun to warm up. Frequently the time for planting corn is the best time for planting trees.
Hints on Transplanting, Etc.
We cannot attempt to give complete directions on all points connected with tree- planting, but simply a few hints on the more important operations. Every man who purchases a bill of trees should put himself in possession of some treatise on tree cul- ture, that will furnish him with full and reliable instructions on the routine of manage- ment. Transplanting is to be considered under the following heads:
__ Ist. Selection of Orchard Site——The best site for an orchard is on high land with a north or northeasterly exposure; such locations are usually found best, for the reasons that high land is not as subject to frost in blossoming season, and northerly
y) Sherman Nursery Company, Charles City, lowa
exposures are not so subject as others to the freezing and thawing of ground in early spring, ground thaws a little slower, and as a consequence, trees do not start quite so early.
2d. The Preparation of the Soil.—For fruit trees the soil should be dry, either naturally or made so by thorough drainage, as they will not live or thrive on a soil constantly saturated with stagnant moisture. It should also be well prepared. On new, fresh lands, manuring will be unnecessary, but on lands exhausted by cropping, fer- tilizers must be applied, either by turning in heavy crops of clover, or well-decomposed manure or compost. To ensure a good growth of fruit trees, land should be in as good condition as for a cron of corn or potatoes.
3d. The Preparation of the Trees.—There are more fatal errors committed in regard to this important operation than in any other. As a general thing, trees are planted in the ground precisely as they are sent irom the nursery. In removing a tree, no matter how carefully it may be done, portions of the roots are broken and destroyed, and consequently the balance that existed in the structure of the tree is deranged. This must be restored by a proper pruning, adapted to the size, form and condition of the tree. :
4th. Planting.—Dig holes in the first place large enough to permit the roots ot the tree to spread out in their natural position, thus having the tree pruned as before directed; let one person hold the tree, placing the heavier portion of the top to the southwest, and with the trunk slanting a little in that direction, while the other shovels in fine dirt about the roots, taking pains to fill all interstices, and bringing every root in contact with the soil. When the hole is nearly filled, if the ground is dry, it is a good plan to apply a pail of water to moisten the ground and wash the dirt in about the roots. This is unnecessary, however, if the ground is fairly moist. In this latitude, and especially north and west of here in dry lands, it is good practice to plant fruit trees about 6 inches deeper in the ground than they stood in the nursery row, but where land is inclined to be wet, they should be planted about the same depth as they stood in nursery. In dry, gravelly ground, the hole should be dug about twice the usual size and depth, and filled with rich, loamy soil.
sth. If trees are large and planted in exposed locations, they should be staked, and, if this is found necessary, the trunk should be wrapped with something to keep the stake from chafing the tree.
6th. Cultivation and Mulching.—When trees are planted, keep the orchard well cultivated up to about July 1 to 10, and for this purpose there is no better practice than to grow a crop of corn in the orchard, leaving the stalks to stand for winter pro- tection; but where this is not practicable, cultivate the land to above date and then sow to some cover crop. Do not seed down an orchard so long as it can be avoided, but keep it cultivated as above indicated, and keep the soil well fertilized; but when the time comes that the orchard must be seeded down, sow to red clover and mulch the trees heavily so that grass will not grow within 6 or 8 feet of them. It is also good practice to spade up this mulched space about the tree each spring.
7th. Treatment of Trees Frozen in the Packages or Received During Freezing Weather.—Place the package in some cool place, a damp, cool cellar preferred, where the temperature is just a little above freezing, and allow it to remain there for several days until all frost is removed before opening the package. If stock is properly packed and handled as above directed, it will not be injured in the least by freezing.
8th. Directions for Wintering.—When trees are procured in the fall, select a dry place where water will be well drained off during the winter months; then dig a trench a little longer than the trees to be heeled-in, with the lower end about 2 feet deep. Dig the trench broad enough to contain the trees when spread in a single layer; then remove all packing material from about the trees and spread them out in the trench. When this is done, sift in fine dirt until all the open spaces are filled among the trees and roots and they are covered several inches deep, then tramp firmly and fill up the trench, mounding up the dirt so that the tops will be covered at least 4 inches deep and the roots about 2 feet. Care should be taken to remove all material from the trench and its vicinity which might serve as nests for mice.
Remarks.—We have not aimed in the above to give full directions for handling trees, but only a few of the main outlines. The above directions will also apply to the handling of pear, apricot, peach, nectarine, quince, plum, cherry, grape-vines, cur-
rant, gooseberry, mulberry, high-bush cranberry, Juneberry, weeping trees, shade and ornamental trees, shrubs, roses and vines.
Apples
sections subject to blight. in size, roundish conical in form; smooth, transparent, surface clear white becoming pale yellow when matured;
SUMMER APPLES
Charlimauff. A tree of German origin. Fruit large and strongly resembling the Duchess of Oldenburg, but more conical and of better flavor. Tree very hardy. Fruit ripens in August and September.
Duchess of Oldenburg. A large, beauti- ful Apple; roundish, streaked red and yellow; tender, juicy and pleasant. A kitchen Apple of best quality, and es- teemed by many for dessert. Tree very hardy, a fair grower, and a young and abundant bearer. Season, August and September.
Summer Pear. Having stood a most severe test of over thirty-three years, always doing credit to itself, we take pleasure in offering this delicious Apple to our patrons. As hardy as the Duchess of Oldenburg; a heavy and early bearer; fine- grained, witha distinct pear flavor. With- out doubt the finest eating Apple of its season. No family orchard should be without it. Season, August.
Tetofsky. A slow, upright grower, with few branches. Tree one of the very hardiest; leaf very large and glossy; fruit yellow, somewhat splashed with red and covered with a white bloom; juicy, sprightly acid and ripens early in August.
Yellow Transparent. Tree introduced from Russia by the United States Depart- ment of Agriculture. A good grower and an annual bearer; hardy, but in some
Fruit medium skin
flesh white, tender, fine-grained, juicy and subacid. One of the best of our early summer Apples.
FALL APPLES
Fameuse, or Snow. A medium grower, rather spreading as an orchard tree; me- dium hardy, injuring badly in some sec- tions, but has plenty of vitality, and will stand and bear many years after being badly injured. Fruit dark red, with flesh snow-white; one of the finest dessert Apples. Season, .from November _ to January.
Gideon. This tree originated with Peter M. Gideon, of Excelsior, near St. Paul, Minn. It is a cross between the Blue Pearmain and our common crab-apple. Mr. Gideon says: ‘‘The tree seems to be as hardy with us as any of the crabs.” Fruit medium to large, with blush on sunny side. Season, Nov. and Dec.
Iowa Beauty. A seedling of Golden Russett. Tree a strong, vigorous grower, very hardy, and more beautiful in form than Whitney No. 20. Fruit nearly white, splashed and striped with red. Season, September and October.
Longfield. Mr. I. S. Freeborn, of Rich-
land county, Wisconsin, says:“‘It will
4 Sherman Nursery Company, Charles City, Iowa
FALL APPLES, continued bear a bushel of Apples sooner than any tree that I ever planted.’’ Medium hardy, fair size, red, blush on sunny side. One of the best of the Russians in quality. October to December.
Plumb’s Cider. A variety introduced by J. C. Plumb, of Milton, Wisconsin. The tree came originally from Ohio, probably mn -wo44. tis vigorous... any neatly, bearer, and very productive in alternate years. The fruit is medium in size, rather oblong in form, greenish yellow splashed with light rede a ihe flesh: is iereenish white, fine-grained, firm, juicy, subacid, of very good quality. On limestone lands this tree is regarded very highly through northern Iowa. Season, fall.
Wolf River. A large, showy red Apple of Wisconsin origin; a remarkably good market Apple in some sections, but not quite hardy in northern Jowa, except in favorable locations. Nov. and Dec.
WINTER APPLES
Arkansas Black. One of the most beau- tiful of Apples. It is a good keeper and commands a good price in market. The color is a lively red, deepening on the exposed side to purplish red or nearly black. Flesh decidedly tinged with yel- low, very firm; rather fine-grained; crisp, moderately juicy, subacid; good to very good. Season, December to April or later.
Ben Davis. Large, smooth, often pol- ished, nearly covered with red; subacid and one of the most profitable market Apples south. Tree vigorous, productive, and bears early.
Gano. Originated in Missouri. Similar but superior to Ben Davis. It has all the good qualities in a higher degree, more brilliant coloring, runs more even in size and keeps fully as late. The tree is vigor- ous and hardy; is a rapid grower; bears while young; color bright red, without stripes or blotches and large and even in size. February to March.
Golden Russett. Medium size; dull rus- set, with a tinge of red on the exposed side; flesh greenish, crisp, juicy and highly flavored; a slender grower, with light-colored speckled shoots, by which it is easily known; hardy, bears well, and is extensively grown in western New York and Wisconsin. November to April.
Grimes’ Golden. Tree vigorous, upright spreading, and a good annual bearer. It is considered the standard of excellence throughout the West. Fruit medium size, regular, waxy golden yellow in color, flesh yellow, firm, compact, crisp, spicy, quality of the very best. Dec. to March.
Hibernal. (Russian.) Very hardy, rug- ged, spreading grower;. fruit of large size, striped, quite acid; a good cooking Ap- ple. Very valuable for the extreme North and for top-working to less hardy varie- ties. A winter Apple in the North.
Iowa Blush. Tree very productive, a strong grower in nursery and orchard. Fruit slightly roundish conical, yellow with bright mottled red blush, washed with bronze on the sunny side; flesh white, juicy, mild, subacid. Season, ear- ly winter.
Jonathan. Medium size; yellow, nearly covered with red; flesh tender, juicy and rich. A moderate grower; shoots light- colored, slender and spreading; very pro- ductive; one of the best varieties for either table or market. This sort is too tender for the North, but much esteemed in the West, East and South. November to March.
McIntosh. This Apple is adapted to a wide range of localities, having been first raised in Canada, but now being success- fully raised all over the north and north- west. The fruit is very attractive in appearance, of a bright deep red color, blotched and streaked with white and of good size. The flesh is very tender, per- fumed and delicious. The tree is a vig- orous grower and very hardy. Season, October to late winter.
McMahon. A very large, white winter Apple of Wisconsin origin. Tree a vig- orous grower and very hardy.
Northwestern Greening. A strong, vig- orous tree of Wisconsin origin. The tree bears young, and big crops of large, smooth, green Apples. The fruit is rather fine-grained, mild, subacid in flavor, and is a late-keeping winter Apple. It has been regarded by many of the horticul- turists as not hardy enough for northern Iowa and Southern Minnesota, but in spite of this the tree seems to be standing our hard winters and bearing enormous crops of fruit that will sell as A No. 1 Apple in the best markets. The tree is very productive.
Okabena. Originated in southwestern Minnesota. Claimed to be a seedling of the Duchess, fertilized by the Wealthy. Tree an annual bearer of good fruit; hardy. Large; yellow, striped and splashed with red; flavor subacid; very good. Sea- son, December.
Pewaukee. Origin, Pewaukee, Wiscon- sin. Raised from the seed of Oldenburg. Fruit medium to large, roundish oblate, skin bright yellow, striped and splashed with dark red; flesh white, tender, juicy, subacid. Tree vigorous. January to March.
EASTMAN
An early winter apple of large size and attractive appearance. Though a seedling of Fameuse, it is much hardier. Fruit large, striped with red, with yellow dots; of an agreeable acid flavor, hangs well to the tree, which is hardy, vigorous and an early, constant and heavy bearer. Fills a profitable place in market, being at its best just after the early and before the late sorts. Season, October to December.
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6 Sherman Nursery Company, Charles City, Iowa
WINTER APPLES, continued Rawle’s Janet. Medium, roundish, ovate; greenish yellow, striped with red; crisp, rich and juicy. One of the best and longest keepers in the South and South- west. Roman Stem. A moderate-growing tree
and one of the hardiest winter Apples of first quality that can be grown in this
section. Fruit of medium size, whitish yellow, sprinkled with russet; flesh tender, juicy, rich; a very fine dessert Apple. Season, January to May.
Rome Beauty. Fruit of good size, uni- form, fair, smooth and handsome; color yellow, striped and splashed with red. Stands handling remarkably well and is a good keeper. Has an established reputa- tion in market and sells at good prices. Tree is a good orchard grower, attaining a good size. Flesh nearly white, firm, rather crisp, juicy and slightly aromatic. Season, November to May.
Salome. A vigorous, upright grower in the nursery; in the orchard it becomes large. Fruit uniform in size and shape. Flesh firm, crisp, tender and juicy. Season, November to March.
Scott’s Winter. A tree of Vermont origin. A strong, upright grower and an annual bearer. This tree is considered promising at the North. Fruit rather small, oblate, yellow, mottled with red and russet; flesh yellow, fine-grained, juicy, crisp and pleasant; sprightly acid. Season, late winter.
Spitzenburg. Tree rather a slow grower. Fruit tinged with yellow; firm, moderately fine, crisp, rather .*terider, juicy and aromatic. Season, November to February.
Stayman’s Winesap. The best variety of Winesap for. general cultivation. The tree comes into bearing young and is a reliable annual cropper. Very attractive in appearance, being of a reddish cast with splotches of yellow. Fruit large and shapely. Flesh very juicy, pleasant sub- acid. Season, December to May.
Tallman Sweet. One of the hardiest sweet Apples; a good bearer. Fruit of medium size, light green and very sweet. An excellent baking Apple. Season, De- cember to March.
University. Originated in 1881, a seed- ling of Perry Russett and as large as
Patten’s Greening. A rich golden yellow when ripe. Has been highly recommended by leading horticulturists in Minnesota. Absolutely hardy; a young, constant and prolific bearer. Tree a beautiful spreading grower; one of the most magnificent of the Apple trees. October to January.
Wagener. Tree not a vigorous grower, but a fair bearer. An apple of superior excellence. Color a beautiful bright red with some contrasting pale yellow. Espec- ially fine for dessert. Fruit rather large, roundish oblate in form. Flesh fine- grained, tender and juicy. Season October to spring.
Walbridge. The worst fault with this tree is that it is a tardy bearer. When it arrives at bearing age it bears well and the fruit is highly prized, as it keeps late in the spring. Fruit medium size, sub- acid, striped with red and yellow. Sea- son, March to May.
Wealthy. Originated near St. Paul, Minnesota. A_ vigorous-growing tree, very hardy and an abundant bearer. Fruit large, nearly red, subacid and of first quality. G. W. Wheaton, one of the oldest fruit-growers in northern Iowa, said of this tree that if he were to plant a market orchard of 1,000 trees, he would plant 999 Wealthy, and when asked what the other would be, he said he would plant that Wealthy also. All things considered, it is a hard tree to beat. Sea- son, early winter.
Winesap. An old variety, supposed to have originated in New Jersey. Tree moderately vigorous, with rather open spreading habit, very productive and an early bearer. Fruit rather above the medium size, conical in form, rich yellow color, mostly covered with fine lively dark red, sometimes slightly striped; flesh .yellow, firm, fine-grained, rich sub- acid. This variety is very popular throughout the South and West, but is not hardy.enough for this latitude, except in sheltered situations, where it is protected from extremes of weather. Season, December to May.
Winter Banana. Tree medium in size; vigorous. Fruit large to very large, not very uniform in size or shape. Very fine for dessert. Flesh whitish. tinged with pale yellow; tender, juicy and very good. Season, November to April.
NEW WINTER APPLES
ANISIM. This, without doubt, is the most valuable of Russian Apples.
Tree
bears very young and regularly enormous crops of beautiful fruit; is hardy, free from blight, of good quality. Fruit roundish, medium size, color sreenish yellow, covered almost wholly with a heavy dark crimson bloom, thickly dotted with minute white
specks; flesh greenish white, with green veins; flavor subacid, pleasant.
Season, early
Fruit and Ornamental Trees, Shrubs, Bulbs, Etc. rt
NEW WINTER APPLES, continued
winter. The Anisim is a variety which has, perhaps, been better known as ‘‘Good Peasant.” The tree is wonderfully productive, and while the Russian Apples, as a class, we think have been overestimated, still there can hardly be too much said of this variety. The tree bears very young, and is very productive. In fact, few trees excel it in this particular, and the fruit is so beautiful in appearance that it would sell in any market regardless of quality. But, in addition to this, it is among the best in quality of any of the late fall and early winter Apples that can be raised in this latitude. A man can not err in buying this tree. Orchards of it will pay, and pay well.
EASTMAN. A seedling of the Fameuse, or Snow, decidedly more hardy than its parent, in fact, can favorably be compared with the Wealthy. It is now bearing 150 miles north and south, and 300 miles east and west of here and in all cases has received the highest praise from those fruiting it.
As a market fruit, it fills a place where such an Apple is in great demand, namely, just after the early and just previous to the late ones. This magnificent Apple has been bringing $1 more per barrel on the Minneapolis market than the Wealthy, and we consider it one of the coming commercial varieties.
We are so confident of its success that we have planted more than five acres of them. Fruit large, fine colored, striped with red, hangs well to the tree; agreeably acid, and of fine quality; very young, constant and heavy bearer. An excellent dessert and cooking Apple; we unhesitatingly recommend it. Season, October to December.
IOWA BRILLIANT. Another seedling of the Fameuse, resembling its parent in many of its characteristics, having very white, tender flesh and, as its name implies, is a most brilliant red. Same size as Wealthy, and at this date (October 28), is still hanging to the tree. This fine variety has stood the test as far north as Minneapolis, Minn., and bears fine crops of splendid fruit, which keeps until March. Minneapolis fruit-buyers have offered $7 per barrel for this Apple in car lots, when Talman Sweet, Grimes Golden and Greenings were selling on the market for $4.50 per barrel. There is not an Apple on our testing list of over three hundred varieties which has the flavor, tenderness of flesh, color, and selling qualities of this Apple, and we recommend it as one of the very best. Season, January to May.
MALINDA. Tree originated from seed sown in northern Vermont. It is a moderate- growing, crooked, scrubby nursery tree, but does better in northern Iowa than almost any other late-keeping winter Apple. Tree is perfectly hardy here and bears extremely well; fruit about the same size and color as the old yellow Bellflower; flavor very mild acid; one of the very best baking Apples. Season, February to July.
Mr. Joun Q. RIcHARDSON, of Elgin, Minn., says: “I have a Malinda tree on my place that has been planted thirty-five years. It survived the winter of 1873, when the thermometer registered 52° below zero, and has since withstood a temperature of 42° below zero. This tree bore eight bushels of Apples last year. I have several times kept the fruit until the 4th of July, and have known it to keep as late as August 1. The Malinda bears young and well with us.”
*T have two dozen Malinda trees growing in my orchard, and I prize them higher than any Apple I have, for the reason that they are as hardy as Duchess and very prolific. My trees paid me over one hundred dollars last fall. They are the finest eating or cooking Apples I ever tasted. I can heartily recommend it to those wishing to plant an Apple tree that will be a lasting pleasure as well as profit.” —-A. K. Bay Ley, Platteville, Wis.
NEWELL’S WINTER. Originated in Wisconsin about 60 miles north of Madison. It is a seedling of the Perry Russet. The fruit is large, roundish oblate, and of a rich yellow color; flesh firm, juicy, yellowish, rich, sprightly and subacid. This Apple is one that will rate A No. 1 with any of the eastern Apples. It is a fruit that will keep all winter. Tree hardy and free from blight.
Patten’s Greening
This variety originated from seed of the Duchess of Oldenburg. As a nursery tree it grows very crooked, but makes a fine spreading orchard tree; it is a better bearer than the Duchess and quite as hardy; fruit about the same shape and much: larger, but green in color; a fair eating and an excellent cooking Apple. Season, November to January.
We think this variety will bear more bushels of Apples in a given length of time than any other tree we know. The fruit is large and showy, brings better prices in the St. Paul market than any other fruit during its season. There cannot be too much
8 Sherman Nursery Company, Charles City, Iowa
PATTEN’S GREENING APPLE, continued
said for this variety. Remember it is the southern trees that grow straight. This is not a southern tree. The Patten’s Greening, though vigorous and strong in its growth, is never straight, but it has been reported hardy by the keepers of the State Experi- mental Stations as far north as Manitoba. This variety originated with Mr. C. G. Patten, of this place, from the seed of the Duchess of Oldenburg. The tree is a tremen- dous bearer. No variety stands higher than this, or has had more good words said for it by the horticulturists of the Northwest.
The following are a few of the good words that have been spoken for the Patten’s Greening.
I have taken much interest in watching the growth and fruiting of a seedling Apple originated at Charles City, and known as Patten’s Greening. The tree at different stages, from blooming to fruiting, has been closely examined, and has never shown a trace of blight. I regard it as perfectly hardy—tough as bur oak. The tree is a good bearer of handsome, fair-flavored fruit of good size. As a cooking Apple it has no superior. It comes the near- est to a winter Apple of anything yet produced which will do well in northern Iowa, and I should no more hesitate to plant it than I would box, alders or soft maples as to hardiness and freedom from blight.—J. S. Trice, editor of the Rockford Register, Rockford, Iowa:
J. S. Harris, of La Crescent, Minn., says of the Patten’s Greening: ‘‘This variety of Apple is now so well disseminated, and is doing so well in every locality where ‘it has been tried, that I feel safe in recommending it. It is a seedling of the Duchess of. Oldenburg, originated from seed planted at Charles City, Iowa, seed grown near Portage, Wis., in 1869. The tree appears to have inherited the hardiness and fruitfulness of the mother parent, and has derived an improved flavor and keeping qualities from some other source. The original tree has produced fifteen crops of fruit. It is a somewhat stronger grower than the Olden- burg, has large, thick foliage, and the limbs are stronger shouldered, capable of resisting strong winds and sustaining a great weight of fruit. The variety is doing well in Iowa, Wis- consin, South Dakota, and wherever planted in Minnesota. The fruit is fair for eating from the hand, and is unsurpassed for cooking. Have kept this Apple through January and February.”
SAMUEL B. GREEN, Professor of Horticulture in the University of Minnesota, says of Patten’s Greening: ‘‘It is, perhaps, the most fully satisfactory tree in health, hardiness and bearing habit for this section of any on the list; keeps as long, or nearly as long, as Wealthy, and does well in cold storage. A variety that has proved to be very profitable in the home orchard, or for market, and deserves the fullest confidence of our planters.”
Considering the size, quality and season of fruit, as also the pedigree and known hardi- ness of tree, it seems to me worthy of general planting in northern Iowa and adjacent territory.—C. L. Watrus, Des Moines, Iowa.
Mr. A. PETERSON of Waconia, Minnesota, says: ‘‘I do not consider there is any place where the blight is as bad as on my grounds. All of the Russians blight badly, but the Pat- ten’s Greening is all right. It is hardy and a good bearer.”’’
A crooked nursery tree, but one of the finest large Apples, and should be in every collec- tion.—Geo. J. KELLocc & Sons, Janesville, Wis.
The Patten’s Greening is apparently as hardy as a forest tree. It is the coming winter Apple-—D. Cook, Vice President Minnesota State Horticultural Society, Windom, Minn.
J. A. Howarp, of Hammond, Minnesota, has picked ten bushels of Apples from one tree of Patten’s Greening that had been planted six years, and sixteen trees of this same planting averaged from five to six bushels per tree.
L. G. CLute, of Greeley, Iowa, says: ‘‘I have 104 of the Patten’s Greening in bearing. I will further state that last year they gave me more and better apples than all the other trees put together. I have over 1,000 trees in bearing. This year is an off year, and the Patten’s Greening is far ahead of all other varieties as far as fruit is concerned. I have trees nine years old that measure 22 inches in circumference and are 25 feet from tip to tip of limb. I had trees seven years old that picked eight bushels of apples; 100 averaged over four bushels of apples per tree. The Patten’s Greening is the very best tree in northern Iowa. Its commercial value is very great.’’
I have an orchard of near 2,000 trees, and more than 100 varieties of Apples, and I con- sider the Patten’s Greening among the best I have, if not the very best, considering the hardiness of tree and the fruitfulness thereof. I consider it safe for farmers to plant in Min- nesota. If they cannot raise fruit from Patten’s Greening, they had better give up the job.— Wm. SOMERVILLE.
PEERLESS. Tree originated in central Minnesota in 1864 or 1865. It is a strong, vigorous grower. Bark very dark. Apple very large, splashed and striped with dull red; of a pleasant subacid flavor. Ripens in late fall or early winter.
PETER. This variety was originated by Peter M. Gideon, Excelsior (near St. Paul), Minn. He says of it: ‘‘We take pleasure in calling attention of all lovers of fine fruit to what we consider the best Apple grown. Origin, Wealthy seed, and in form, size, and color an exact duplicate of the parent, but differing in flavor and sea-
IOWA BRILLIANT
A Fameuse seedling of exceptional hardiness, beauty, flavor and keeping quality. The brilliant red fruit resembles McIntosh Red in color but is far superior in flavor. Fruit about size of Wealthy with fine-grained, white, tender flesh. Hangs late on tree, and keeps well through winter. Tree hardy and vigorous, and an abundant bearer. The high flavor and brilliant color have made it sell in market at unusuai prices. Season, January to May.
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Photograph of a Patten Greening Apple Tree at Hammond, Minn., in orchard of J. A. Howard
10 Sherman Nursery Company, Charles City, Iowa
PETER APPLE. continued
son, keeping from four to six weeks longer. It is what, after tasting, Col. John H. Stevens pronounced ‘the best Apple ever introduced since Adam and’ Eve left the Garden of Eden.’ The fruit adheres well to the tree, which is a little hardier than the Duchess and Wealthy. At the Iowa State Fair the Peter Apple was pronounced by the judges to be superior to the Wealthy in every respect. It appears to be one of the hardiest trees on our place.”’ This variety, like all others of value in this section, originated in the Northwest. It has not been largely planted, for the reason that the fruit so closely resembles the Wealthy that many growers had considered it iden- tical with it. The tree is more vigorous than the Wealthy, and while the fruit closely resembles it, still we consider it a better Apple. Mr. Gideon considered it superior to the Wealthy, and we believe that his estimate of it will prove true in the Northwest. We consider that there can not be too much good said of this variety.
CRAB APPLES
Briar Sweet. Fruit large, pale yellow, with carmine cheek, very sweet, good for preserving and best of all for sweet pickles. Tree vigorous and productive. September.
Florence. A seedling of the Duchess of Oldenburg. Tree rather slow, spreading grower; bears very young and profusely; when in full fruit, very ornamental; very hardy. Color light yellow, thickly splashed with bright red. About the same size and season as Transcendent.
Hyslop. A very late-keeping, dark red Crab of large size; tree an abundant bearer, vigorous grower and_ perfectly hardy. Season, November to April.
Minnesota. A very bushy growing tree, but free from blight and perfectly hardy. Fruit nearly as large as Fameuse, light yellowish green, with tinge of red on sunny side. Season, Nov. and Dec.
Soulard. This is a hybrid with our native wild Crab, Pyrus Coronaria, or
Hyslop Crab Apples
possibly a sprout from the wild Crab. It is about the size of Fameuse or Snow Apple. Light yellowish green in color and keeps until spring. Its chief value is for preserves, and it is valued by many as highly as the quince for this purpose. The tree is a strong, vigorous grower, and very hardy. Bears well.
Strawberry. Fruit medium, highly colored, exceedingly tender, mild acid, fine eating or cooking; tree hardy, fine grower. Two weeks earlier than Whitney No. 20.
Sweet Russet. Very large hybrid; ex- tremely hardy. Fruit oblong, conical, light russet, very rich and sweet. One of the best either for eating or cooking. August and September.
Transcendent. A vigorous grower and abundant bearer, but blights badly. Fruit medium size. Season, early August.
Virginia. Size of Transcendent; a month later; light red, sprightly, juicy, crisp. Great bearer; fine market sort. Valuable tree on which to top- work large Apples.
Whitney No. 20. A beautiful growing tree, and one which bears young and abundantly. Fruit of good size, conical, in shape, red and yellow striped; flesh crisp, subacid,and very fine eating; no Crab taste whatever. It is really a small Apple and should be classed as_ such. Season, September.
Yellow Siberian. Tree a vig- orous grower. Fruit small, coni- cal-shaped, yellow. Ripens in } ~ September.
g b
A Few Facts with Regard to Orchard Returns. What These Men Have Done, You Can Do Mr. C. W. Levens, of Albert Lea, Minn., says¥that from an orchard of less than half an
acre he sold a car-load of Apples in 1892, for which he received $300.
He says the same
trees produced over $200 worth of Apples this last season.
The ten-acre orchard of Mr. Holly’s, of Winnebago City, Minn., all of Wealthy Apple trees, and situated on the high, open prairie, he says produced goo bushels of Apples in 1893,
Fruit and Ornamental Trees, Shrubs, Bulbs, Etc. 11
ORCHARD RETURNS, continued
and he sold them on the trees for $900, and the following season the same orchard produced over 700 bushels, and sold at 75 cents per bushel.
Three thousand five hundred bushels at $1 a bushel were raised and sold by Mr. R. C. Keel, of Rochester, Minn., in one year.
Of fifty Duchess of Oldenburg planted in 1862 by Mr. Sommerville, of Viola, Minn., 49 are still living, healthy and sound. Mr. Sommerville says he has not had a failure in fruit for twenty-five years, and they have given him a larger net profit during that time than the best 40 acres of his farm.
Mr. Lord, of Minnesota City, Minn., says he has picked 53 bushels of plums in one sea- son from 25 trees and sold them at $2.10 a bushel, and has missed but two crops in 30 years.
Mr. Cook, of Cottonwood county, Minn., says he sold $60 worth of plums from 15 trees in 1894.
In the fall of 1903 Elias Long, of Stilson, Iowa, gathered 12 bushels of apples from four trees of Northwestern Greening purchased of us in 1897. Six of these apples placed side by side measured 20 inches, and ten of them weighed 61% pounds.
Nine years ago we sold C. P. Warner, of Bassett, Iowa, two trees of Malinda from which he has this season (1903) gathered 17 bushels of apples.
In tg02 C. G. Patten & Son, of Charles City, Iowa, gathered 333 barrels of first-class apples from 293 trees of Duchess of Oldenburg, occupying a little less than three acres of land; they sold this crop for $2.10 per barrel; from the same trees in 1903 they gathered 443 barrels of first-class fruit, which brought $2.65 per barrel. They also tell us that from their orchard of Patten Greening, which had been planted six years in 1903, they gathered on an average a little better than one barrel per tree, some yielding 1% barrels per tree.
In the above statement no account has been made of windfalls and second-class fruit, which was gathered and disposed of at retail, and the prices named are those received for goods at wholesale delivered f. 0. b. Charles City. You will notice by the above figures that their orchard of Duchess of Oldenburg is yielding them an annual income from $242 to $382.50 per acre.
Do Orchards Pay?
We have given above a few facts with regard to the profit of orcharding in this section, and these facts are given merely as suggestions. If you will investigate matters carefully in any neighborhood we believe you will be able to pick up information with regard to the yield of fruit that will surprise you. Visit the leading fruit-growers and ascertain from them what they have planted, when it was planted, and what they have been able to get in the way of crops. Usually you will be compelled to pick up this information in small items; fre- quently you can get at accurate figures with regard to the yields of perhaps but a few trees in a place, but from these you can quickly figure what the yield would have been on an orchard of 10 acres, and the returns that could have been realized, figuring the crop at usual market prices. Such investigation, we believe, will readily convince any thoughtful per- son that there is far more profit in commercial orcharding in the North today than there is in any other use to which good lands can be put.
Beyond any question, there is good money today an a good commercial orchard in the Northwest. Where varieties are well chosen, planted in good soil, and given intelligent care, we believe a person can make dollars in Iowa or any of its adjoining states, raising apples or plums, to dimes that can be made in California raising oranges, lemons or prunes.
¥ We urge you to plant a few varieties for this purpose. Four is a big plenty, and one or two is better still, for the reason that, when one has a large number of trees loaded with one variety, he will always find plenty of wholesale fruit dealers in the cities who will come to his place and buy the fruit in the orchard, paying the best market price, and giving him a sure and ready market; whereas, if many varieties are planted, one is confined to local markets and to a peddling trade, which is never satisfactory and often unprofitable.
Apples have been sold in the orchards here this season at prices ranging upward of $2.50 per barrel in car lots, when the same varieties were begging for sale on the street in small lots at 25 cents per bushel.
Apricot
Alexis. Large to very large; yellow { red, flavor sweet and delicious. Tree with red cheek; slightly acid, but rich | hardy. One of the best. July 1. and luscious.. Tree hardy and abundant J. L. Budd. Of large size, white with
bearer. July ts. red cheek; flavor sweet, juicy, extra fine.
Alexander. An immense bearer; fruit | A hardy strong grower and _ profuse of large size, oblong, yellow, flecked with ) bearer. The best late variety. August 1.
We have over half a million Apple Trees and hundreds of thousands of Evergreens
12 Sherman Nursery Company, Charles City, Iowa
A Branch of Elberta Peaches
Peaches
Alexander. Medium to large size; skin greenish white, nearly covered with deep, rich’ sed; flesh> melting] juicy, sweet: The tree is vigorous and _ productive; ripens two weeks before Hale’s Early. This is one of the largest and best of the extra-early varieties. It is very valuable for market as well as for home use.
Bokhara. Twenty-eight degrees below zero and a crop. One of the hardiest Peaches yet brought out. Seed was im- ported from Bokhara, Asia, by American missionaries. The report of the Iowa exhibit at Chicago has this paragraph by Professor Hansen: “In the Iowa exhibit were shown a number of plates of new Bokhara Peaches. One measured 7 inches in circumference. It did not rot easily, being inclined to shrivel rather than to rot. I saw one plate in good condition Septem- ber 26, which had been exhibited at the Iowa State Fair the first week in Septem- ber. Fruit yellow, with red cheek, skin tough, flesh good quality. A perfect free- stone.”
Champion. A large, handsome early variety, creamy white, with red cheek, sweet, rich and juicy. Hardy and pro- ductive. August.
Coolidge’s Favorite. A most beautiful and excellent Peach, of medium size; skin white, delicately mottled with red; flesh pale, juicy and rich. Tree vigorous, hardy and productive. A valuable variety. End of August.
Crawford’s Early. A magnificent, large, yellow Peach, of good quality. Its size and beauty make it one of the most popu- lar orchard varieties. Fore part of Sept.
Crawford’s Late. Very large, roundish; skin yellow, with a beautiful dark red cheek; flesh rich, yellow, melting, with sweet luscious flavor; worthy of universal cultivation as table and market sort. Latter part of September.
Crosby. Originated at Billerica, Mas- sachusetts, about 1875, and _ recently brought to general notice on account of its extreme hardiness, bearing full crops of choice, attractive fruit when all other sorts have been blasted by frost. The fruit is of medium size, roundish, slightly flattened, with a distinct seam, bright orange-yellow, streaked with red on the sunny side; flesh yellow, of a mild, pleas- ant flavor. Tree of low, spreading growth, similar to Hill’s Chili. Promises to be very valuable for general cultivation. In season about with the Oldmixon.
Fruit and Ornamental Trees, Shrubs, Bulbs, Etc. 13
PEACHES, continued
Elberta. Originated in Georgia, and is | MHale’s Early. Raised in Ohio. Medium being planted most largely in the South, | size; flesh white, first quality. Ripens where it is regarded as the best market | middle of August. variety. Fruit large, yellow, with red Heath Cling. Very large; flesh white, cheek; flesh yellow, firm, juicy, fine | juicy and melting. Good keeper and quality. Tree very hardy and exceed- | shipper. October. ingly productive. It is equally valuable | Hill’s Chili. Large, downy, tame yel- in the North, and is one of the best gen- | Jow, with slight blush; flesh yellow, lus- eral sorts for all sections. Ripens with | cious and well flavored; pit small. Tree Crawford’s Early. During the past sea- | hardy and productive. Bears large crops son this variety has become very popular. | when most other sorts fail. Late Sept. Exceptionally large and fine. Salway. An English Peach. Large,
Fitzgerald. A chance seedling found in | roundish; skin creamy yellow; flesh deep Ontario, Canada, outside the Peach belt, | yellow, juicy, melting rich. where it has borne regularly—fruit very Wager. Medium, yellow, good quality. large, pit small. Very hardy and pro- | Tree hardy, healthy, long-lived, pro- ductive. Season, early September. ductive. Early September.
PEACHES IN THE NORTH
It is generally considered that this class of fruit can be raised only in the far South, but some oi our best horticulturists have demonstrated that this is not true.
By planting small trees and leaning them in the direction that you wish to lay them down in the winter, and then in the fall digging out a few spadefuls of dirt on the side that it is desired to bend your trees down, you will find that you can easily bend them down and pin them to the ground. They should then be covered with coarse straw, cornstalks, leaves or any other similar materials. It is better to have some mulch under the tree before it is laid down, so that the branches will not come to the ground, and under the mulch and scattered through it there should be plenty of poisoned bait for mice, as they are the worst enemy to trees protected in this way. Common corn bread, in small pieces, and covered with arsenic, is as good a bait as can be used.
When spring comes, remove the litter and straighten the trees up; fill in the dirt, and you will find in a few years that you will be able to raise good crops of Peaches even where the mercury often goes as low as 35° to 40° below zero. You will also find that the fruit raised in this way will be even more beautiful in appearance and much finer in flavor than that raised in the South.
Pears
Bartlett. One of the most popular | vigorous and fruitful; succeeds well in Pears; large, buttery and melting, with a | most parts of the country. September rich musky flavor. A vigorous, erect | and October.
grower; bears young and abundantly. | Kieffer (Kieffer’s Hybrid). Said to have es | been raised from at of the Chinese
Bessemianka. A small Russian Pear, | Sand Pear, accidentally crossed with Bart- imported by Professor Budd. Tree a | lett or some other kind. Large; skin slow grower and hardy, but subject to | rich golden yellow, sprinkled thickly with blight; fruit of good quality, small and | small dots, and often tinged with red on much thicker at the stem end than the | one side; flesh slightly coarse, juicy, ordinary Pear. melting, with a pronounced quince flavor.
Duchesse d’Angouleme. Very large, | Tree very vigorous, and an early and buttery. rich, juicy, excellent. It succeeds | great bearer. October and November.
to perfection and is the most popular Seckel. Medium size, yellowish brown, market variety as a dwarf. Season, October | with a red cheek; melting, sweet, spicy, and November. _ very rich and delicious. The standard of
Flemish Beauty. A large, beautiful, Excellence. Tree a slow but stout, erect melting, sweet Pear. Tree very hardy, ' grower; hardy and productive. October.
We take every pains to get the goods to our customers in the best condition and without delay, if possible.
14 Sherman Nursery Company, Charles City, Iowa
Plums
Cheney. A _ strong, upright-growing tree, very hardy, and one of the very best varieties for the extreme North. Fruit large, of fair quality. Tree an early and abundant bearer.
Damson. Large, dark purple, very showy, often measuring two inches in diameter; fine, juicy and sweet. Season, September.
De Soto. Tree perfectly hardy, a regu- lar and abundant bearer; fruit medium size and of fine quality; color light red; ripens very early. This tree is liable to overbear, and, if very heavily loaded, fruit should be thinned.
Forest Garden. Hardy; bears profusely; one of the earliest Plums; large, being 1 to 1% inches in diameter, oblong, color mottled red and yellow; skin thin; juicy, sweet and rich. Ripens from August 1 to 25.
Green Gage. standard of excellence;
Small; considered the slow grower,
Middle of August.
Hawkeye. This variety is a native of Towa, perfectly hardy, and fruit is as large as Lombard. Season, September.
Mooney. A good grower and regular producer, Fruit fair size and good quality.
Burbank Plums (see page 15)
Stoddard. Large, round and red; very productive. Tree and fruit closely re- sembles the Hawkeye, but of somewhat better quality and a good market sort.
Surprise. A variety introduced at Sleepy Eye, Minn. Tree a beautiful, sym- metrical grower, with fine foliage. Best Plum yet introduced in that state; meaty, fine flavor, very large and red, with many light dots on the skin, hangs well to the tree, a good bearer and a good keeper; fine for culinary purposes.
Wild Goose. Fruit large, round, oblate, light “red;-iskin’ thine’. Chis Pit: vise clingstone. The leaf of this variety is peach-like in shape, margin finely toothed. Ripens early, but is of poor quality, but on account of its productiveness and beauty is the most popular of native Plums.
Willard. Size medium, color red and attractive; vigorous, hardy and productive very early, about July 15. Will keep in good condition a long time after picking.
Wolf. Tree vigorous and hardy. Fruit of good size and fair quality for eating from hand, and hard to equal for cooking pur- poses.
Wyant. Tree a spreading grower, fine foliage, very prolific; superior to Weaver in quality, and much more beautiful. Fruit medium to large, slightly oblong and distinctly flattened; purplish red in color, inclined to orange on the shady side; skin thick; flesh rich yellow. This variety is reported by Professor Goff as one of the most productive at the Wiscon- sin State Experiment Station.
Yellow Egg. A very large and beautiful egg-shaped yellow Plum. Excellent for cooking. Tree a free-grower and good producer. End of August.
EUROPEAN AND JAPANESE PLUMS
Abundance. Large to very large, ob- long, amber, nearly covered with bright red and overspread with a thick bloom; flesh orange-yellow, juicy, melting, and of delicious sweetness; stone small and flesh readily parts from it. Tree strong grower and an early and profuse bearer. Ripens in advance of other Plums. Val- uable for canning and market. This variety has attracted much attention throughout tthe country, and is very highly recommended.
Burbank. It is claimed by many that the Burbank Plum stands at the head of the celebrated Japanese varieties. It is proving remarkably successful the country
Fruit and Ornamental Trees, Shrubs, Bulbs, Etc. 15
European and Japanese Plums, continued over. No other Plum ever became so popular in so short a time. This is be- cause it is practically curculio-proof, and is very free from black-knot. It has been fruited from seven to nine years in this country, and is said to stand 30° below zero. Ripens in August. It seems to succeed on any soil—sand, clay or loam. It can be picked green, and will ripen and color up perfectly, and will not lose its flavor. Will keep fully two weeks in perfect condition after ripening. Abun- danty early bearer. Fruit large, roundish, dark red or purplish, with thin lilac bloom; flesh amber-yellow, melting, juicy, with rich sugary flavor; stone small and free. Bears very young.
Grand Duke. Fruit oval with a short neck. Skin almost black, but reddish when shaded and covered with bloom; flesh yel- low, adhering closely to the stone; with a sweet, rich flavor whea fully ripe. Leading
Plum growers state that it is one of the most profitable Plums for market. Sept.
German Prune. Medium, oval; purple or blue; juicy, rich, fine. Tree vigorous and very productive. September.
Lombard. Medium, oval, violet-red; juicy, pleasant and good; adheres to the stone. Tree vigorous and very productive. A valuable market variety; one of the most hardy and popular. Middle to last ‘of August.
Satsuma (Blood). Large, globular with sharp point. Color, purple and red with bloom; flesh firm, juicy, dark red or blood color; fine quality; pit very small. August.
Wickson. Originated by Burbank. A sturdy, upright grower. Fruit remarkably handsome, deep maroon-red, covered with white bloom; stone small; flesh fine tex- ture, firm, sugary and delicious. Excel- lent keeper and shipper; will keep two weeks after ripening.
Why Does the Plum Fail?
One of the principal reasons for the failure of Plums throughout the Northwest is that they have been propagated on tender roots. Throughout the East and South the Plum is usually propagated on Myrobalan, a native plum of France, or on Marianna, the wild Plum of the South. These roots will not stand the severe cold of our north- ern winters, and when the root dies the tree, of course, is a failure. Our trees are all
worked on our native wild Plum, which. is perfectly hardy.
In planting Plums it is
well to plant several varieties in a group, as some sorts seem not to fertilize their own
blossoms.
Cherries
Bing. A native of Oregon, fruit very large, bright and glossy. Color very dark crimson, one of the largest Cherries ever produced, and of the most excellent qual- ity. Season, July.
Black Tartarian. Very large, bright purple, glossy black; juicy, rich and fine. Tree a rapid, vigorous, upright grower, and great bearer. One of the popular kinds. Ripens last of June and beginning of July.
Compass. Originated by H. Knudson, Springfield, Minn. A cross between the Miner plum and the Sand cherry. Fruit a little larger than a medium cherry; color red; round; skin moderately thick; flesh firm, juicy, coarse; stone medium; flavor subacid; quality good; good bearer; very hardy; leaves resemble the Sand Cherry, as does the twig and the color of the bark. It is at present being widely distributed by the nurserymen. Of value in sec- tions of the Northwest. Plum type in general appearance, but in quality of fruit resembles the Cherry. Season, July 20 to 30.
Dyehouse. Partakes of both the Duke
and Morello in wood and fruit; a very early and sure bearer; ripens a week before the Early Richmond, of better quality and quite as productive. June.
Early Richmond. Fruit fair size, red, sour. Tree a good bearer.
English Morello. Large, dark red, acid, tender, juicy and rich; tree dwarfish, and in this section one of the hardiest of the old sorts.
Lambert. One of the largest of all; heart-shaped; dark purplish red, turning to almost jet-black when fully ripe. Flesh firm, solid, rich and juicy, with sprightly flavor. Seed very small for so large a fruit. Tree rugged, strong-grower, hardy. Enor- mous bearer. Late July. ,
Lewelling (Black Republican). Seed- ling raised by Seth Lewelling of Oregon; large size, black, sweet, with purplish flesh; late and a good shipper. Tree a moderate grower; an early and profuse bearer. July.
Montmorency, Large. A fruit much larger than Early Richmond; red, acid, and an extremely fine canning fruit. Tree very vigorous.
16 Sherman Nursery Company, Charles City, Iowa
CHERRIES, continued it as perfectly hardy as far north as Minne-
Ostheim. A tree said to be of Russian | apolis. Where the varieties of culti- or German origin; very hardy, having | vated .Cherries can be grown, however, stood the test well up into Minnesota. | we would not recommend its planting. Fruit of good size, very dark red, acid. This promises to be a success in all of our northern states.
Rocky Mountain Dwarf. This Cherry is practically the same thing as the Sand Cherry of Nebraska.) The fruit, when well grown, is about the size of Early Richmond; dark red in color and sweet. It is a very slow-growing plant, and is more properly described as a shrub than a tree. It is peculiarly well adapted to Wragg. Rather a dwarfish tree; a good dry sections and dry locations. .We regard _ bearer; fruit light red, and late.
Royal Ann. (Napoleon Bigarreau.) A magnificent Cherry of the largest size; _ pale yellow, becoming amber in the shade, richly dotted and spotted with deep red, ' and with a bright red cheek; flesh very firm, juicy and sweet; tree a rapid grower and immense bearer. The most popular all-round cherry for canning, preserving and shipping. Late June.
Quinces
Orange. Fruit large, bright yellow, of excellent flavor.
Anger’s. A free bearer of good-sized fruit, which keeps well, but not equal in quality to some other sorts.
Grape- Vines
We grow our vines on open prairie land and believe them far superior to vines grown in the moist lake climate and gravelly soil of western New York. They are also free from the exposure to insects and diseases such as are common among the vineyards of the East. They also have the added advantage of having been tested in this climate.
Agawam (Rogers’ No. 15). One of the Champion. A large Grape, of medium most reliable of the hybrid Grapes. | quality. Its chief value consists in vigor Bunches large, berries very large, dark | of plant and earliness, rendering it a red. Ripens with or soon after Concord, | valuable sort to plant where the season is and is of peculiar, aromatic flavor. short.
Beta. A cross between Carver and Con- Clinton. Bunches small to medium, cord; perfectly hardy, productive; fruit | compact, long and not usually shouldered; of medium size; early. The principal | berries small and black; skin thin, but value of this Grape is in the extreme North | tough; flesh juicy, spicy and acid. The where it will stand without protection. chief value of this Grape lies in its ex- treme hardiness. It is nearly, if not Rochester, N. Y. Is a cross between quite as hardy as the wild Grape. Its
Cond Gan Wiens Tumabume Buacla fruit is unsurpassed for canning.
medium to large, compact, shouldered; | , Concord. A large, handsome Grape, berries medium, dark red; skin thin; | Tipening in latter part of September; flesh tender, sweet; quality best. Vine | Very hardy, productive and reliable; suc- a vigorous grower, healthy, with no more | ceeds well over a great extent of country. tendency to leaf-blight in unfavorable | One of the most popular market Grapes. seasons that Rogers’ Nos. 4, 15, I9, or Delaware. Bunch small to medium, Salem. Is productive and ripens early, | compact, usually shouldered; _ berries about with Delaware. Is of fine quality, | medium, red; skin thin, but firm; flesh but not so good if allowed to remain on | juicy, very sweet and refreshing. Vine vine till fully ripe. It then becomes | hardy, moderate grower and productive. nearly black, and to some extent insipid. | Ripens with Concord. Requires rich soil
Campbell’s Early. Strong grower, with | and good culture. Fruit of best quality large, healthy foliage; productive; its for table. It is esteemed in many locali- keeping and shipping qualities are equaled | ties as the best American Grape, all by no other early Grape. Ripens with | things considered. Should be in every Moore’s Early. Bunch and berry, large garden and vineyard. glossy black with blue bloom, sweet and Elvira. Very vigorous, strong, healthy juicy; seeds few and small, part readily | grower. White; bunch and berries me- from the pulp. Stands at the head of early | dium size, very compact and very pro- black grapes for quality. ductive, often growing four or five clusters
Brighton. A new variety, originating at
spunoly MO wo MOY AOSINNY ut Futmory soutA-odviH jo Hog
18 Sherman Nursery Company, Charles City, lowa
GRAPES, continued
Ripens about with Liable to
on a single cane. Catawba. Very hardy Grape. crack.
Janesville. First produced at Janes- ville, Wis. Very hardy; fruits success- fully in far northern localities. Ripens early and is the hardiest northern Grape
grown.
Martha. A seedling of the Concord, which it resembles in growth and _ hardi- ness. Bunch of good size and berry large, of pale green or light color; sweet, juicy, sprightly. Ripens with the Concord.
Moore’s Early. Cluster medium size, berry quite large and dark. Season about two weeks earlier than Concord. A vigor- ous grower and abundant bearer. Vine very hardy. Highly prized for its earli- ness and hardiness.
Moore’s Diamond. Color white; bunch and berries large. Healthy, strong grower, hardy, and where known is very popular. Quality excellent. This new Grape has evidently come to stay. Ripens with Delaware.
Niagara. Said to be a cross of Concord and Cassidy. Bunch medium to large,
Moore’s Diamond
compact, occasionally shouldered; berry large, roundish, uniform; skin thin but tough, pale green at first, changing to pale yellow when fully ripe, with a thin, whit- ish bloom; flesh slightly pulpy, tender, sweet, not quite equal to the Concord. Before it is fully matured it has a very foxy odor, which disappears, to a great extent, later. Vine vigorous, healthy and productive; foliage thick and leathery. Ripens with the Concord. All things con- sidered, probably the most valuable white Grape in cultivation.
Pocklington. A seedling of the Concord. Bunch medium to large, generally shoul- dered; berry large, roundish, light golden yellow when fully mature; flesh pulpy, juicy, of fair quality. Vine very hardy, healthy, vigorous and productive; leaves large, tough and downy. Ripens after Concord. It will require favorable sea- sons and good locations to ripen it satis- factorily in this region.
Worden. This is, beyond question, the best black Grape known. It is a seedling of Concord, ripens about ten days to two weeks earlier, and is fully equal to it in quality. It is a vigorous grower and much better bearer; in some places said to outyield Concord two to one.
Remarks
The soil for the Grape should be dry; when not naturally so, should be thoroughly drained. It should be deeply worked and well manured, always bearing in mind that it is an essential point to secure a warm, sunny exposure.
The best grape-vine trellis is probably the wire trellis. This is constructed by planting posts as far apart as you choose to have the length of your trellis; stretch the wires, four in number, about eighteen inches apart, letting them pass through stakes at proper dis- tances from each other to support the wire. As the wires are con- contracted by the cold, and are likely to break or sway the posts from their places, they should be loosened as cold weather ap- proaches.
To secure the best results, annual and careful pruning is essential. The following is regarded as the best method. Commencing with a good strong vine, permit it to grow the first season without pruning. In November following cut back the growth, allowing but three or four
We shall take great pains to get goods to our customers in the best condition
Fruit and Ornamental Trees, Shrubs, Bulbs, Etc.
GRAPES, continued
buds to remain. The following spring allow but two of the strong- est buds to throw out shoots. These, in the fall, will be from seven to ten feet long, and should be cut back within four or five feet of the root. The next spring the vine should be fastened to the lower wire of the trellis. When growth commences, pinch the buds so that the shoots will be from ten to twelve inches apart. As these grow, train them up perpendicularly to the second, third and fourth wires. No fruit should be allowed to set above the second wire of the trellis.
During the season, when the shoots have reached the upper part of the trellis, they may be pinched to prevent further growth. After the fruit is gathered and the vine has shed its foliage, the cane should be cut back to two buds of the old wood. The following spring allow but one bud to throw out a shoot, and treat as in the previous year. This system of pruning should be followed each year. After the vine has undergone the fall pruning, it should be laid upon the ground and covered to protect it through the winter. Grape-vines should be top- dressed in the spring.
19
Niagara (see page 18)
Gooseberries
Plant Gooseberries on good, strong land, and keep them well cultivated or heavily
mulched.
The fruit is useful for cooking when green or ripe, and may be canned with such facility that it is being cultivated more extensively every year for home use and market.
Downing. A _ seedling of Houghton. Fruit large, two to three times the size of Houghton; whitish green; flesh soft, juicy, good; plant vigorous and prolific;, excellent for family use, and very prof- itable for market. Planted more exten- sively than any other.
Houghton. Vigorous grower; branches rather slender; very productive; not subject to mildew; fruit of medium size; skin smooth, pale red; flesh ten- der and good.
Industry. Bush a strong grower, and the most productive of European varieties; fruit large, dark red, mild, sub-acid, sweet and good-flavored; one of the best for market either green or ripe. This variety is not good in sections where mildew is prevalent.
Pearl. The most prolific Gooseberry known. One bush produced 2,500 berries. It is free from mildew and is larger than
the Downing. The color is light green and quality first-class. Being thoroughly tested, it promises to be the most valu- able variety of recent introduction and the best of its class.
Red Jacket (Joslyn). A most prolific and valuable Gooseberry; as large as the largest; berry smooth; very hardy; quality and foliage best of any Goose- berry known. The introducer says of it: “‘For ten years it has stood close to Triumph, Crown Bob, Whitesmith, Smith’s Improved, Downing, and more than a dozen other sorts; and while these others have all mildewed in leaf
and fruit, mildew has never appeared on Red Jacket.” Smith (Smith’s Improved). Grown
from the seed of Houghton; the fruit is large, oval, light green in color; flesh moderately firm, sweet and very good; the plant iS a vigorous grower, hardy and productive.
Sherman Nursery Company, Charles City, Iowa
Currants
Black Naples. A vigorous plant; fruit very large.
Cherry. A very large, red Currant, with short clusters; a vigorous plant and one that bears well if planted on strong land and well cultivated.
London Market. For many years this variety has been fruiting in Michigan, where it is now planted extensively and regarded as the best market variety of that great fruit state. Plant is extremely vigorous, with perfect foliage, which it retains through the season; an enormous cropper. Ripens with Victoria, is larger in both bunch and berry; a better bearer. Red in color, this is regarded as the best Currant in North Dakota. For any use —home garden or market—one of the best.
ES
Long Bunch Holland Currants
Plant in well-drained land, and mulch heavily
Long Bunch Holland. A strong, stumpy growing plant which grows to an im- mense size. The plant does not bear young, but yields enormous crops; berry large; clusters long; color red.
Perfection. A cross between Fay’s and White Grape, retaining the valuable characteristics of both parents. Beautiful, bright red, as large or larger than Fay’s, - holding its size to-end of bunch; easy to pick; a great bearer, superior to any other large sort; less acid and of better quality than any other large Currant in cultivation; large, healthy foliage; inter- mediate in growth between Fay’sand White Grape. Kept well cultivated and fertilized they will regularly produce heavy crops of extra-size fruit of the very best quality.
Fruit and Ornamental Trees, Shrubs, Bulbs, Etc. 21
A Dish of Cuthbert Raspberries
CURRANTS, continued
President Wilder. One of the strongest growers and most productive. Bunch and berries very large, bright, attractive red color, even when dead ripe; hangs on bushes in fine condition for handling as late as any known variety. Compared
Victoria. Fruit medium size and bright red; clusters long; season late; a vig- orous grower.
White Dutch. This is probably better known than any other white Currant; bears well.
with the celebrated Fay’s, is equal in size, with longer bunch, better in quality, with much less acidity, ripens at same time, continues on bush longer, fully as prolific, in some trials largely outyielding it.
Red Dutch. This is one of the best of the old standard sorts. A vigorous plant; bears well.
White Grape. A very large berry, and of the best quality; highly esteemed for table use. The best of all white kinds. Plant on rich soil.
TREE CURRANTS This is an upright tree form of any variety mentioned herein.
Raspberries
Our Raspberries are not the usual tip plants which are so commonly sent out through the West, and which are so easily destroyed by a little exposure, but have been transplanted and grown one year from the tip. This gives our customers a strong, woody plant which will better stand transplanting, and will make stronger growth when planted.
CuLtTuRAL Notes.—Raspberries may be planted either in the fall or spring, but when planted in the former season it is a good plan to mulch the ground heavily with manure; when plants have fruited the old canes which have borne a crop of fruit should be removed in the fall; it is also best to thin out the weaker canes, leaving only five or six strong stalks in a hill. These should be laid down and covered lightly with leaves, straw or dirt; the latter is the best, as it lessens the liability of injury from mice. In the summer season, when canes have grown to about three feet, pinch off the tip; this will make them branch and increase the bearing surface.
Black Diamond. A very large variety, and ripens early; the fruit is very sweet and of fine flavor. Pulpy, and has few seeds.
Cardinal. The best of the purple Rasp- berries and a most desirable variety for home use. Vigorous in growth, ornamental in appearance and enormously productive.
22 Sherman Nursery Company, Charles City, Iowa
RASPBERRIES, continued
Columbian. New. Purple; very vig- orous grower; canes often ten to sixteen feet in length and more than one inch in diameter; very hardy. Fruit large and delicious for table or canning. Excellent shipper. Grown from tips or sprouts.
Cuthbert (Queen of the Market). Me- dium to large, conical, deep rich crimson; very firm, sweet and good; hardy. Sea- son medium to late. Unquestionably one of the best varieties for market on account of its prolific-bearing quality.
Gregg. One of the most valuable va- rieties of the blackcap family; fruit very much larger than the Mammoth Cluster,
but not quite so good in quality; ripens .
some days later; hardy. A _ vigorous grower and great yielder.
Hilborn. A _ strong, vigorous plant; growing taller than the Older. Berry large, black and of fine quality. This variety has done best of all on our grounds. Its blossoms mature late and are seldom caught by the frost.
Kansas (Blackcap). A valuable early variety; very large, handsome, firm and of excellent quality; very hardy and productive. One of the best blackcaps.
King. Pronounced the best early red Raspberry by many of the leading horti- culturists. Plant a strong grower, very hardy and productive. Berry is firm, a good shipper; large size; beautiful bright scarlet color; ripens with the earliest. Prof. W. J. Green, of Ohio Experiment Station, says: ‘‘King has proved the best early red Raspberry. It is large, bright red, quite firm, and of good quality.”
Loudon. This variety originated at Janesville, Wisconsin, and is usually considered the best of all red Raspberries for the extreme North. It is reported perfectly hardy at St. Paul. Fruit large, good color and of fine quality. Very productive.
Older. A new blackcap of large size, which originated in Buchanan county, Iowa. Thought by some who know it, to be the best of the black varieties.
Shaffer’s Colossal. This variety re- sembles the Columbian in fruit and is one that has been highly esteemed, but of late years the canes have been so in- fested with fungus and insect pests that the variety has been practically dis- carded. The Columbian is practically the same in fruit, and better in every other way.
Sunbeam. The first of our many thou- sands of Raspberry seedlings to be named. First sent out, spring 1906. Female parent a wild red Raspberry, from Cavalier county, North Dakota, near the Mani- toba line. Male parent, Shaffer’s Colossal, from New York. Plant extremely vigor- ous, productive, purple-caned, sprouts freely. Fruit of fair size and quality. Worthy of trial where Raspberries winter- kill as it has endured 41° below zero without protection. It endured last winter perfectly at Bismarck, North Dakota, without protection, and other good re- ports have been received.
Turner. One of the sweetest of berries; bright crimson in color, and _ perfectly hardy. A good bearer.
Blackberries
We grow our Blackberry plants from root-cuttings, and in this way get plants with plenty of fibrous roots, which make sure the growing of the plant. In fruiting patches of Blackberries there will spring up many plants from the root; and these are the plants that are usually dug up and sent out to the trade. They have but few, if any, fibrous roots, and are much more apt to die when planted, and will not make the growth after planting that the plants will when grown from root-cuttings. Valu- able for market purposes.
Ancient Briton. This has been much planted for many years in Wisconsin, and has proved one of the most profitable fruits for market growing. Plant hardy and very productive; fruit large and sweet.
Rathbun. A strong, erect grower, with strong stem branching freely; will root from tip of branches like a raspberry. Forms a neat, compact bush, four to five feet high, producing its immense fruit abundantly. Fruit is sweet and luscious, without hard core; of extra-high flavor; jet-black, small seeds; firm enough to ship and handle well. Very large size, resembling the Wilson and fully equal to that grand variety.
Snyder. One of the hardiest and best known sorts grown in the West. Fruit large and of good quality when fully ripe; very vigorous and productive. Ripens but little later than Early Harvest.
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24 Sherman Nursery Company, Charles City, Iowa
Miscellaneous Fruits
Dewberry, Lucretia
Iruit much resembles the blackberry, but very much larger; an enormous bearer. Plant runs on the ground and needs same winter protection as blackberry.
Dwarf Juneberry
l‘ruit hard to distinguish from blueberry or huckleberry. The shrub grows about four feet high, and bears annually an abundant crop of fruit, which ripens in June.
Elderberry
A bush hardy nearly everywhere in the Northwest; fruit desirable for culinary purposes, as well as a good wine maker.
High-Bush Cranberry
Bush closely resembles the snowball; perfectly hardy in northern Minnesota. This shrub bears extremely well; color of fruit bright scarlet; hangs in clusters; ripens in fall and will hang on all winter. It makes a very fine jelly of beautiful color. The plant is highly esteemed both for fruit and ornamental purposes.
Loganberry
This berry is unlike any other in exist- ence, being a hybrid between the rasp- berry and the blackberry. The fruit is sometimes an inch and one-quarter long, dark red, as large as the largest black- berry, and produced in immense clusters. It partakes of the flavor of both the black- berry and raspberry, a mild, pleasant, vinous flavor, delicious and peculiar to this berry alone; seeds small, soft and few; fruit ripens early, just after strawberries, and before blackberries or raspberries. The vine or cane of the Loganberry grows entirely unlike either the blackberry or raspberry. It trails or grows upon the ground more like a Dewberry. It is excellent for the table, eaten raw or stewed, and for jelly or jam it is without an equal.
Ripe in May. This fruit originated on the Pacific slope and is of value only in the Rocky Mountain regions or in a mild climate.
Russian Mulberry
A very rapid-growing plant; bears well; fruit sweet, variable in size and color; leaf dark green and of very different shapes; some are birch-shaped, others cut and notched as much as any of our oaks, and in as many different shapes as all the varieties put together. Will stand almost any amount of drought.
Strawberry -Raspberry
One of the remarkable recent intro- ductions from Japan. A beautiful dwarf Raspberry, seeming to be a hybrid between the raspberry and strawberry. Fruit is early, stands well out from the foliage, size and shape of a strawberry; color, brilliant crimson. Most highly esteemed for its hardiness. The fruit is used principally in jams -and jellies flavored with other fruits.
Senator Dunlap Strawberry
A well-tested, wonderfully productive variety, one of the safe sorts to plant everywhere and sure to take a high place among the prominent standard sorts. Plant resembles Warfield; rampant runner, should be restricted in its production of plants; fully equal to Crescent and War- field in its ability to succeed under all circumstances. Fruit good size, regular form, beautiful bright red, glossy, firm; splendid keeper and shipper, excellent quality, one of the best for canning. Ripens early and continues a long time. It promises to stand at the head in its wonderful ability to ripen a good crop under almost any condition of drought or neglect.
This variety bears both pistils and sta- mens and therefore needs no fertilizer.
Vegetables Asparagus
Columbian Mammoth White. This variety produces very large white shoots and is
more valuable for canning than any other.
Conover’s Colossal.
It is a very rapid-growing plant. Shoots deep green and often over an inch in diameter are
thrown up very rapidly from this variety. One of the best.
Rhubarb, Linnaeus
The very finest variety of Pie Plant; very large, early, tender and fine.
Fruit and Ornamental Trees, Shrubs, Bulbs, Etc. 25
WEEPING TREES
Mountain Ash
A pendulous weeper of irregular, rapid | growth; sometimes planted in the center of small arbors and trained about them as a vine.
Cut-leaved Birch
Tree tall and slender, with pendulous branches. The bark of this tree is sil- very white when tree is mature; foliage dark green, glossy and beautifully cut. We regard this as the most attractive of all upright-g growing weeping trees. Have seen branches cut from this tree 5 feet long and only 7 of an inch in diameter at the base. This tree will stand any kind of exposure; it is perfectly hardy.
Camperdown Elm
Grafted 6 to 8 feet high, this forms one of the most pic- turesque drooping trees. Itis of rank growth; the shoots often making a zigzag growth out- wardand downward of several feet in a single season. The leaves are large and dark green, and cover the tree with a luxuriant mass of verdure.
,
Teas’ Weeping Mulberry
This tree is sim- ilar in general ap- pearance and habit of growth to the Kilmarnock Weep- ing Willow, but it grows much more rapidly and_ the branches are more drooping. This va- riety will frequently grow from 5 to 6 feet in a season, and it is nothing uncommon to see the branches trailing on the ground. The leaf is of the same general formas the Russian Mulberry, of which it is a variety. We regard this as the hardiest of all dwarf weepers.
Willows
Kilmarnock. A variety of the Goat Wil- | low, or common Willow. Grafted 5 to 7 feet high upon the Comewell stock, it forms, without any training, an exceed- ingly graceful tree, with glossy foliage and perfect umbrella head; unique in form. Vigorous and thrives in all soils. Not quite hardy here.
Niobe. Perfectly hardy and very beau- tiful; a new golden variety introduced by Prof. Hansen, of South Dakota.
Wisconsin. The hardiest of all weeping Willows; grows very large, with long, slen- der, drooping shoots; a magnificent tree in the mountain region of the West.
Teas’ Weeping Mulberry
26 Sherman Nursery Company, Charles City, Iowa
SHADE AND ORNAMENTAL TREES
Green Ash
Known in the West as White Ash. A native tree of rather slow growth, but of hard, tough fiber. One of the best of timber trees. This tree thrives better than almost any other tree in dry sections, such as North and South Dakota.
Basswood American Linden)
This is one of our strongest-growing native trees, and one of the most desir- able trees we have for shade purposes. It grows rapidly to immense size, and forms a round, compact top; this, with its broad deep green leaves, makes a dense shade.
European White Birch
A rapid-growing tree, and when fully developed has snow-white bark. This tree is practically of the same form as the Cut-leaved Birch, but lacks the pendulous habit of the latter, and also its cut leaves. It is a very desirable tree.
Catalpa speciosa A very rapid-growing tree, highly rec- ommended for post timber; leaf heart- shaped, light green and very large. Some specimens are not entirely hardy in this
American Linden
latitude. We consider that its principal value here is as an ornamental tree. It bears large trusses of beautiful flowers of light lilac color, sprinkled with brown; very fragrant.
American Sweet Chestnut
The nuts of this tree form quite an item in our commerce. Although smaller than some other sorts, they are sweeter and more delicately flavored. This Chest- nut is also a grand timber and ornamental Shade tree, spreading in midsummer, billowy masses of creamy, fragrant cat- kins above its large, deep green leaves, making a most beautiful specimen on the lawn.
Hackberry
A rare native tree with numerous slender branches which spread horizontally, and thick, rough bark; apple-like foliage, but more pointed and a bright shiny green; a very desirable tree for street planting.
Horse-Chestnut
This tree has an elegant pyramidal form, with large, deep-lobed leaves and showy upright panicles of red or white flowers. Tree hardy, vigorous and free from insect pests. This is among the first trees to unfold its leaves in spring.
Black Cherry
This is the common black Cherry of our forests. A tree of rapid growth. The lumber of this tree, we are told by parties well posted, is of more value than that of mahogany. It is a tree that should be much more cultivated than it is.
Cottonwood A native tree of much value in the
West. Box Elder
A low-spreading tree of rapid growth, well adapted to dry and cold climates. One of the best trees for the Northwest.
White Elm
The native white or water Elm of our forests is too well known to require des- cription. The most beautiful of all shade trees for this climate.
Hop Tree, or Wafer Ash
A small tree, seldom growing over 12 feet high; perfectly hardy; leaf three- lobed, dark green and glossy; seed en- closed in a circular wing, which hang in clusters. It has a very peculiar strong hop smell.
Fruit and Ornamental Trees, Shrubs, Bulbs, Etc. 27
European Larch
This is one of the most rapid-growing of the coniferous trees, frequently making a growth of 3 or 4 feet ina year. The wood is hard, and when the trees are mature makes a very durable post timber. In Europe trees have been grown slowly. The timber has been used for piling along wharves, and has been known to have lasted for hundreds of years. This tree closely resembles the American Tamarack, but differs from it in being of more rapid growth, and cones of much larger size.
Black Locust
This is the common form of Locust grown through the central West. Rather a slow-growing, hard-wooded tree, with yellow or white flowers borne in long, pen- dulous racemes. Flowers fragrant, and the wood durable as post timber.
Kentucky Coffee Tree
A very ornamental, hardy tree of up- right, rapid growth with rough bark and coarse branches; foliage of a bluish green color; flowers white followed by long pods. The name coffee tree comes from the fact of the seeds in the pods having been used by early settlers as a substitute for coffee.
Magnolia acuminata (Cucumber Magnolia) A beautiful pyramidal-growing tree, attaining from 60 to oo feet in height. Leaves 6 to g inches long.
Maple Hard (Sugar Maple). A well-known native tree, valuable both for the _ pro- duction of sugar and wood; very desirable as an ornamental shade tree.
Norway. A handsome tree, of fairly rapid growth, forming a dense, rounded head of strong branches and broad, deep green leaves. Sturdy, compact, vigorous. It is one of the very best trees for lawns, parks and gardens.
Soft, or Silver. The common soft Maple west of the Mississippi, with red bark.
Wier’s Cut-leaved Silver. A variety of the Silver-leaved Maple, and one of the most remarkable of trees, with cut or dissected foliage. Its growth is rapid, shoots slender and drooping, giving it a habit almost as graceful as the Cut-leaved Birch. The foliage is abundant, silvery underneath, and on the young wood especially deeply and delicately cut. The leaf-stalks are long and tinted with red on the upper surface. Easily adapted to small places by an occasional cutting back, which it will bear to any degree.
Mountain Ash
American. A tree of coarser growth and foliage than the European, and producing larger and lighter colored berries.
European. A fine, hardy tree; head dense and regular; covered from July till winter with great clusters of scarlet berries.
Oak-leaved. A hardy tree of fine py- ramidal habit. Foliage simple and deeply lobed, resembling the oak; bright green above and downy beneath. One of the finest lawn trees.
Poplar
Carolina. One of the most rapid-grow- ing of our native shade trees. Leaves very large, deep green and glossy. Tree hardy and of much value where a quick screen or shade is wanted.
Russian. This tree closely resembles the Carolina Poplar, but is of slower growth, and is claimed by good authority to have no advantage over it.
Silver-leaf. This tree is valued highly in the dry sectionsof the Northwest, where it is found to be one of the most hardy of trees. The foliage is very dark on the upper side and silvery white beneath. The tree forms a dense top of moderate size. It is valuable for both shade and wind- break purposes.
Silver Maple
28 Sherman Nursery Company, Charles City, Iowa
Double-flowering Plum (Prunus triloba)
A native of China. The flowers re- semble our Flowering Almond, but are much larger. The clusters of the flowers are also similar, but the tree grows much larger and is hardy.
Tulip Tree
A rapid-growing native tree of pyram- idal form, resembling the hard maple, but with less rounded top. Flowers closely resemble the tulip; yellow in color, with deep orange at the base of petals, about 2 inches in length. It can hardly be classed as hardy in this latitude.
Wiid Crab
This is our native Crab, Pyrus Coronaria. Tree seldom grows more than 12 feet high, with rounded top and bright pink blossoms.
Willow Golden. A rapid-growing Willow, with
bright yellow bark; very attractive where planted in masses for winter decoration.
Laurel-leaved. Leaves in color, texture and shape resembling the laurel. Tree round-topped and of rapid growth; per- fectly hardy.
White. A fine tree for windbreaks and extensively planted in the North and Northwest. Leaves silky on under side. Trees sometimes attain a height of 80 feet, with a trunk 3 or 4 feet in diameter and ascending branches.
EVERGREENS
The only trouble in handling evergreens is allowing the roots to get dry. The sap of these trees is resinous, and if allowed to dry it hardens and closes the pores of the wood and thus stops the circulation and kills the tree. Very little exposure to hot sun or drying winds will sometimes do this. Great care should be taken in planting to keep goods from exposure to either sun or wind, and they must be kept moist.
Arborvitae _ Cedar Bacay ris
American, or White Cedar. This tree is Colorado Silver. This variety is mid- very unique in its habits of growth, the | way between our native Cedar and the leaf gradually hardening and forming the | Irish Juniper in form, but far more silvery wood of the tree; habit upright; much | than either. More beautiful in color than inclined to branch and form more than | the Colorado Blue Spruce. one trunk; one of the best trees for orna- é mental hedging. Fir
Globosa. Round, compact form and Balsam. Tree conical in form; foliage dense foliage. Foliage stands fan-shaped | deep green on upper surface and silvery form around trunk; it is a beautiful tree. | on lower surface. A very symmetrical
Golden. Same form and habit as the | tree and very beautiful while young, but American Arborvite, but with bright | inclined to shed its small branches and yellow foliage on new growth. become scrubby and naked.
Pyramidal. A densely branched variety Concolor. A very beautiful species with forming a perfect column; holds its shape | silvery gray bark on the young branches; without trimming or pruning; hardy, and | leaves long and_ beautifully silvered, will succeed anywhere the American Arbor- | arranged in double rows, equal in color vite does; a very ornamental type for | and beauty to the Colorado Blue Spruce. many kinds of planting. | The most beautiful of all Evergreens.
Weeping Willow
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30 Sherman Nursery Company, Charles City, Iowa
Hemlock
Sometimes called Weeping Spruce. This is the native Hemlock of the North and East. Where grown in sheltered places, there is nothing finer than this for a clipped hedge; it will not stand expo- sure, however, to dry winds of extreme temperature.
Irish Juniper
Foliage same as red cedar; top very narrow and symmetrical; color silvery green; one of the most beautiful of ever- greens, but tender in this latitude and not recommended for planting in exposed situations.
Pine
Austrian. It is one of the best foreign species for this country. Its growth, even when young, is characteristically stout and sturdy. A remarkably robust, hardy, spreading tree of grand size; very dark and massive in effect, and when planted in an appropriate location is distinct and unique. One of the hardiest in dry sections.
Jack. The most northern of all Amer- ican Pines; valued for its extreme hardi- ness and vigor; withstands long droughts and hot, dry winds; of rather irregular and shrubby growth; foliage bright green; needles short and stiff.
Mugho. This is the most beautiful of all dwarf Pines. It forms a low top with
ascending branches, and the breadth of
the tree is frequently double its height. Foliage bright green. A valuable tree for ornamental planting.
Ponderosa, or Bull Pine. A very rapid- growing Pine of the Rocky Mountains. The leaves of this Pine are very long and silvery, hence the name. It is highly prized through some sections of Nebraska and Dakota where evergreens are hard to grow.
Scotch. One of the most rugged of all evergreens; a very rapid-growing tree and one which will stand almost any cli- mate. We know of no tree that will compare with it for windbreak purposes on our open prairies.
White. A rapid, upright-growing tree; foliage fine and soft to the touch. The most ornamental of Pine trees and ex- celled by none for timber purposes. Not hardy in dry and wind-swept places.
Spruce
Black Hill. This is a western type of the American White Spruce, dwarfed by growing for centuries in the dry, arid climate of the Black Hills. It closely resem- bles the eastern type of the White Spruce, but is slower in growth, more compact in form and more silvery in color. It is one of the best of all of the evergreens for planting for ornamental purposes in dry, arid sections.
Colorado Blue. A slow-growing tree with branches broad and fan-shaped. This species varies greatly in color, from pale green to a beautiful silvery green. Speci- mens of the latter color are hard to obtain, and for that reason are very expensive.
Douglas. A native of Colorado; large conical form; branches spreading, hori- zontal; leaves light green above, silvery white below.
Engelmann’s. Resembles the Colorado Blue Spruce in general effect; foliage color- ing from bluish-green to __ steel-blue; needles are not so long and are more soft and flexible.
Norway. Conical in form; color bright green; foliage sharp-pointed. Stands crowding well; an excellent tree for wind- breaks and ornamental purposes.
White. We consider this the most beau- tiful of all the Spruce family. In shape it differs but little from the balsam fir while young, but is broader at the base when large. The foliage is finer than that of the Norway Spruce and of a sil- very green. Tree extremely hardy, of moderate growth, and holds its beauty longer than any other evergreen known to us.
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California Pr
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HEDGE PLANTS
Arborvitae For description, see Evergreens, page 28.
Barberry
A perfectly hardy shrub, much used where a low-clipped hedge is wanted. The stalks are covered with three-pronged thorns; the framework of the leaf also terminates in thorns, which extend a lit- tle beyond the leaf. In June the shrub is loaded with very pretty, though small, yellow flowers, and in fall with bright red berries, which are very attractive. The fruit in quality much resembles the cranberry and is highly prized for jelly.
Purple-leaved. This variety is identical with the Barberry described above, with the exception of the color of the leaves and flowers. The leaves are dark purple and the flowers a purplish yellow. It is very hardy, and with a background of deep green is very effective for lawn decorations.
Thunberg’s (B. Thunbergii). This va- riety is very unique, and forms a com- pact, round-headed shrub about 3 to 34% feet high. The foliage is peculiar in form; branches very thorny. It is greatly admired.
Buckthorn
This, beyond question, is the hardiest of all our hedge plants. It is rather slow-growing; foliage very dark; blos- soms white; fruit black; berries clinging to branches until late in the winter. For hedge purposes it should be kept clipped.
Caragana (Siberian Pea Tree)
A shrub or low tree with pea-shaped yellow flowers; hardy and useful for mass- ing. Very valuable as a border hedge and hardy in the extreme North and Northwest.
Elaeagnus angustifolia (Russian Olive)
This variety is better known in some sections as Russian Olive. The foliage is covered with white down, which gives the tree a white appearance when in full leaf. The blossoms are small and very fragrant, in fact so fragrant that the odor will fre- quently be detected even a quarter of a mile away. The berries are light silvery, dotted thickly with fine brown specks. This tree should be clipped for hedge purposes, as it grows to a moderate-sized tree if given its own course. It should be in every yard.
Privet
The use of Privet as a hedge plant is well-nigh universal. It takes kindly to the severe trimming necessary for this purpose.
California. A vigorous and hardy varie- ty, with fine habit and foliage.
Regel’s. A fine, hardy variety, desir- able in growing singly as a specimen or in mass planting. This is one of the berry varieties.
Honey Locust
A magnificent shade tree, with com- pound leaves and long, deep brown seed- pods, frequently ro or 12 inches in length. It is usually very thorny; thorns with two or more branches and from 1 to 6 inches long.
Osage Orange
This is the common hedge plant of southern Illinois, Ohio and Missouri. Where kept thoroughly clipped it makes a good fence.
Fruit and Ornamental Trees, Shrubs, Bulbs, Etc. 33
NUT-BEARING TREES
Butternut
A most valuable nut tree; we have known them to bear at seven years from the seed. The nuts are long; kernel of a rich flavor. Plant in deep, moist soil for best results.
Chestnut Sweet. See Shade and Ornamental Trees. Horse. See shade and Ornamental Trees. Hazelnut
The common native nut-bearing shrub of our woods.
Hickory
Bitter. This tree closely resembles the shellbark, but with a bitter nut instead of a sweet one. The wood also is less valuable.
Shellbark. In flavor and quality of kernel this is generally esteemed the choicest of our native nuts,—of all nuts, some experts have said. The tree is a handsome, stately shade tree, with tough white wood of great strength and elas- ticity. Marketable at high prices.
Oak
Pin. Almost pyramidal in habit, and sometimes described as half-weeping when old, because its lower branches touch the ground. It grows faster and develops the family characteristics earlier than most Oaks, as may be seen from some fine avenues planted within the last score of years. The leaves are deep green, glossy and finely divided. Orange-scarlet in fall.
Red. A large tree, unusually large in leaf and quick in growth. The young shoots and leaf-stems are red, the foliage purplish crimson in autumn. A most beautiful, majestic object on the lawn; acorns very large.
White. Grandest of its genus and of our American trees. A spreading, towering species, with rugged, massive trunk and branches. The deeply-lobed leaves change to dark crimson in fall.
Black Walnut
Too well known to need description. The lumber of this tree is becoming im- mensely valuable. We were informed by one of the leading furniture manu- facturers of this state, a short time since, that the best grades of black walnut lum- ber could not be bought for less than $250 per thousand feet.
FLOWERING SHRUBS
Althea, or Rose of Sharon
Double-flowering. There are many varieties of these plants with a great va- riety of habit. They belong to the Hibiscus family, and are not hardy in this section, except where well protected. They bloom very freely in August and September, and flowers vary much in color among the different varieties.
Flowering Almond
A low shrub with leaves similar in shape to our wild plum, but a little more pointed; flowers very double. We grow two kinds, one with red and the other with white flowers.
Bechtel’s Double-Flowering Crab
Most beautiful of all the fine varieties of Flowering Crabs. At a distance the pretty medium-sized tree seems to be covered with dainty little roses of a deli- cate pink color. Blooms when quite young. Is very fragrant. This is a va- riety of our native wild Crab, Pyrus coronaria Ionensis.
Barberry Purple-leaved. See Hedge Plants. Thunberg’s. See Hedge Plants.
Buffalo Berry
A native shrub in the dry sections of both North and South Dakota, and it is also found throughout the Rocky moun- tains from Canada to Mexico. The flow- ers are small and yellow. The berries are a bright red and very sour. The leaves are a downy white on both sides. A peculiar shrub and should be much more grown than it is for ornamental purposes.
Calycanthus floridus (Caroline Allspice, Sweet Shrub)
This unique shrub grows rapidly up- right, clothing its straight, strong, red- dish brown shoots with large, glossy leaves, from the axils of which spring odd, double, spicily fragrant flowers of choco- late-red. The wood also has a peculiar fragrance. It is a hardy native shrub that deserves much wider planting.
34 Sherman Nursery Company, Charles City, Iowa
Cornus Sanguinea. The leaves are elegantly marked with white, contrasting finely with the deep blood-red bark; hardy.
Red-Branched. (Dogwood.) A rare and remarkable variety with bright red bark in winter.
High-Bush Cranberry
We have been trying for years past to save from total destruction some of our native shrubs and plants. Among these we class the High-Bush Cranberry as one of the most desirable. It resembles the snowball, both in form of plant and leaf. This shrub will grow to a height of from 8 to 15 feet, and is not troubled with insect pests. It is most highly appreciated in winter when it is covered with large clusters of scarlet berries, which, if not disturbed, will hang on until spring. The fruit is prized by many for the brilliantly colored and highly flavored jelly which is made from the berries. The shrub is perfectly hardy. It succeeds best in a moist, rich soil.
Double-flowering Currant An American species, with deep red flowers, produced in great abundance in early spring.
Deutzia
D. crenata. The beautiful white single- flowered species that is a mass of bloom in early June. Often preferred to the double sorts.
D. crenata fl. pl. A double form of the type. Handsome and effective. White
flowers, delicately flushed with pink.
Deutzia crenata
Deutzia crenata, Pride of Rochester. A showy early and large-flowering sort that blooms in May before the others. The flowers are large, double, white, tinted with rose on the outer edges.
D. gracilis. Slender-branched Deutzia. A neat, dense little bush of low habit, that blooms in May, wreathing its droop- ing branches with pure white flowers. Equally valuable for shrubberies and forcing.
Cut-Leaved Elder
The leaves of this variety are fern-like in formation, and the shrub is of half- drooping habit. One of the finest in cul- tivation, being especially effective in masses.
Elaeagnus
See Hedge Plants.
Euonymus (Wahoo, or Strawberry Tree)
One of our native shrubs; it seldom grows over 6 feet high; symmetrical; leaves oblong, dark green and glossy; fruit similar to bittersweet.
Fringe Purple. Smoke Tree. From the south of Europe. Much-admired shrub for its
curious fringe, or hair-like flowers, that covers the whole surface of the plant in midsummer.
White. This shrub belongs to the Ash family; is very slow-growing and perfectly hardy. Blossoms white, with long, nar- row petals, giving the shrub a fringe-like appearance when in full bloom. The
leaves are very large and glossy. A very desirable shrub.
Tartarian Honeysuckle A woody, upright-growing shrub, with pink flowers and deep green leaves; blos- soms in June; blooms profusely.
Hydrangea paniculata grandiflora
Very hardy; grows from 6 to to feet high; loaded in August and September with large spikes of flowers, ranging in size from 6 to 12 inches; color white.
Tree-form Hydrangea Same as above, except that it is grown in standard or tree form.
Lilac
The common white Lilac.
Purple. Also very common.
Persian. A native of Persia; rather a small plant, seldom growing over 6 feet; foliage small; flowers bright purple. A profuse bloomer.
White.
BIOYIpuBis Bye[noiued vosuvipAA
36 Sherman Nursery Company, Charles City, Iowa
Lilac, continued M. Buchner. Plant dwarf; panicle erect and very large; very double, color pale lilac; distinct and fine.
Villosa. A new Japanese variety; flowers small, but borne in large clusters. Light purple in bud, white when open. Foliage large and shaped like a. plum leaf. This shrub is principally valued for its late flowering, coming some three weeks after the other lilacs, and for the fragrance of its flowers, which is peculiar and very penetrating.
Japan Tree Lilac
A species from Japan. Leaves thick, pointed, leathery and dark; flowers in very large panicles; creamy white and privet- like. Makes a small tree and is desirable because of its distinct foliage and ‘late blooming, and tree form.
Double-Flowering Plum (Prunus triloba)
A native of China. The flowers re- semble our Flowering Almond, but are much larger. The .clustering of the flowers is also similar, but the tree grows much larger and is hardy.
Prunus Pissardi One of the best and finest purple-leaved small trees or shrubs; foliage and young shoots are of a rich reddish purple, which they retain throughout the season; flowers small, white, single, covering the tree.
Spirea Van Houttei
Japan Quince Has bright scarlet-crimson flowers in great profusion in the early spring. One of the best shrubs in the Catalogue. Not quite hardy here.
Japan Snowball Of better habit than the familiar older form, with handsome plicate leaves and more delicately formed; whiter flowers.
Snowball A well-known favorite shrub of large size, with globular clusters of pure white, sterile flowers the latter part of May.
Snowberry A slow-growing plant, covered in the latter part of the summer and early fall with white berries about % inch in diameter. Perfectly hardy.
%
Spirzea Billardi. Rose-colored flowers in spikes. In bloom nearly all summer.
Van Houttei. A beautiful shrub, grow- ing 4 to 6 feet high. Blossoms in clus- ters about 1% to 2 inches in diame- ter; flowers white and borne in great profusion, frequently covering the plant when in bloom. It is one of the finest shrubs we have for cemetery use, and also makes a beautiful ornamental hedge. It is perfectly hardy as far north as northern Minnesota.
Fruit and Ornamental Trees, Shrubs, Bulbs, Etc. 37
Spirza, continued Anthony Waterer. Dwarfish shrub, sel- dom growing more than 2 feet high. Flowers bright rose color, and borne in great profusion. It begins blooming in June and continues until frost kills the
flowers. Very desirable for a_ border plant. Aurea. The principal value of this
shrub comes from the color of its foliage. It is the most desirable yellow-leaved plant for this latitude. Blossoms white and
borne in flat clusters about 2 inches in
diameter. Staghorn Sumac A large shrub or small tree, sometimes growing to the height of 20 feet. This differs from the common Sumac in that
the wood is covered with a fine thorny |
substance closely resembling the moss on the horns of a stag soon after molting. hence the name.
Syringa, or Mock Orange
A vigorous-growing, hardy shrub, from 6 to ro feet high; blossoms pure white; a very profuse bloomer; have seen this shrub 12 feet high, so loaded with bloom that its branches were bent to the ground; leaf large and dark green.
Garland Syringa. Very similar to the Syringa, or Mock Orange, but a stronger plant, and flowers nearly twice as large; have seen them measure 2) inches in diameter. Blossoms in early summer.
Grandiflorus. Has very showy, large flowers, often 3 inches in diameter. Bran- ches long and frequently loaded to the ground with weight of flowers.
Lemoine. A small shrub rarely attain- ing a height of more than four feet. Branches slender and bearing in June a profusion of flowers closely resembling the orange blossoms in size, form and _ fra- grance, which is very desirable.
Common Lilac
Tamarix
Graceful shrubs with feathery foliage and large panicles of showy pink flowers. Relatively hardy. A moist, loamy soil is best for them.
Weigela rosea
An elegant shrub, with fine rose-colored flowers. Introduced from China by Mr. Fortune, and considered one of the finest plants he has discovered. Of erect, com- pact growth; blossoms in June.
White Thorn
A small native tree, with flat-topped white flowers and red fruit. It was originally quite common in this section, but is now almost extinct. Very desirable where a small tree is wanted.
Roses
All Roses in this latitude need winter protection, and in this list where Roses are classed as hardy, we mean hardy with winter protection.
African Black, or Black Prince. A mod- erate-growing, hardy, profuse-blooming plant; flowers very dark purplish red, almost black.
American Beauty. Large globular; deep pink, shaded with carmine; delicious odor; especially desirable for forcing.
Baby Rambler. A most attractive novelty in hardy Roses. The round, bushy Baby Rambler tops at all times a perfect mass of crimson bloom. The most florescent of all the Tree Roses.
Baron de Bonstettin. A fine Rose, vel- vety maroon in color, shaded with deep crimson.
Baltimore Belle. A climbing Rose, a little more slender in habit than Prairie Queen; flowers freely; color light pink, fading to white. A very beautiful and fragrant Climbing Rose.
Blanche Moreau (White Moss). One of the remontant type of Roses, white in color, and very desirable. One of the best
‘ of perpetual white moss Roses.
38 Sherman Nursery Company, Charles City, Iowa
so %
American Beauty Roses
ROSES, continued
The Bride. Most beautiful of the white Tea Roses, and forced in numberless quantities every year. The great, solid flowers remain perfect long after cutting; the stems are long and stiff, the foliage large and glossy; tender.
Bridesmaid. Clear bright pink, of an exquisite shade. Grown chiefly for its large, solid and handsome buds; the stems are good; the foliage glossy. Ex- cellent also for bedding. Not hardy in this latitude.
Crimson Rambler. The famous crimson- clustered climber, so extremely effective when grown on pillars and trellises. The plant is a vigorous grower, making shoots 8 to ro feet long in a season. The foli- age is large and glossy; the plant looks like a mass of double crimson flowers when in bloom. The panicles are large and remain perfect for several weeks. Hardy anywhere.
Coquette des Alpes. A free-blooming Rose of medium size; white, tinged with
pale rose. Exceedingly dainty and at-
tractive.
Clothilde Soupert. A grand free-flower- ing Rose; fine for bedding out or pot culture. The flowers are very double and handsomely formed, borne in sprays Outer petals pearl-white, shading to a center of rosy pink.
Crested Moss. Deep pink-colored buds, surrounded with a mossy fringe and crest; free from mildew. A fragrant, very beau- tiful Rose.
Dorothy Perkins. Of the same strong habit of growth as the Crimson Rambler. Large for a Rose of this class, very double, of a beautiful shell-pink color; sweetly scented, and borne in clusters of thirty or forty. One of the best.
Duke of Edinburgh. A seedling of Gen- eral Jacqueminot; large, double flowers with little fragrance, bright crimson in color; foliage large and attractive. Blos- soms very early in the season. A hand- some Rose.
Fruit and Ornamental Trees, Shrubs, Bulbs, Etc. 39
ROSES, continued
General Jacqueminot. A probable seed- ling from the Hybrid China, Gloire des Rosamanes. Brilliant crimson; not full, but large and extremely effective; fra- grant and of excellent hardy habit; forces well.
Gem of the Prairie. A cross between Prairie Queen and Hybrid Perpetual; a half climber and hardy; a little lighter than Prairie Queen, and very beautiful; blooms freely.
Harrison’s Yellow. The old yellow Scotch Rose, well known by all; very hardy and a profuse bloomer.
John Hopper. A seedling from Jules Margottin, fertilized by Mme. Vidot. Bright rose with carmine center; large and full. A profuse bloomer; standard sort; hardy.
Killarney. Color flesh, shaded white, suffused pale pink flowers; large buds, long and pointed, and blooms profusely through- out the season.
Madame Charles Wood. Brilliant red; large and full; of fine form; a fine autumn bloomer.
Magna Charta. A hybrid that is very |
fine early in the season; color bright | °T¢ uniformly long, fine flower stems.
rose; large and full.
Marshall P. Wilder. Raised from the seed of General Jacqueminot. It is of vigorous growth, with healthy foliage; flowers large, semi-globular, full, well formed; color cherry-carmine, much like a light-colored Marie Baumann, or a shade deeper than Marie Rady, and very fragrant. In wood, foliage and form of flower it resembles Alfred Colomb, but the seedling excels that famous variety in vigor, hardiness and freedom of bloom.
It continues to bloom profusely long after |
the other remontants are out of flower. In brief, it may be described as an improved Alfred Colomb, and as good a Rose as has been raised by anyone. It is undoubt- edly the finest of its color.
Mrs. John Laing. An exceptionally handsome and free-blooming Rose, of vig-
orous growth and fine habit. The color is | a soft and delicate shade of pink; the |
flower is large and well formed, very frag- rant and produced on good stems. A variety of especial value, as it blooms continuously in the open ground, and is
also excellent for forcing, the buds selling |
at high prices.
Madame Plantier. One of the hardiest of white Roses and a rank-growing plant; a profuse bloomer; flowers medium size.
Paul Neyron. The largest Rose in cul-
tivation, sometimes called the Peony Rose; | color bright, fresh cerise-red. The plant
makes a strong, healthy growth, and has clean, glossy foliage; blooms almost with- out intermission from June until late October.
Pink Moss. Deep pink buds, sur- rounded with delicate fringe-like moss. The most beautiful of all the Moss Roses.
Perle des Jardins. Probably better known than any other yellow Rose grown. Beautiful clear yellow, distinct from all other Tea Roses. Very double.
Prince Camille de Rohan. A velvety, blackish crimson Rose, of deep distinct shade; large, full, very handsome.
Prairie Queen. A well-known and much admired climbing Rose; a rank grower and profuse bloomer; flowers large, dou- ble and red. Have known plants of this variety to have over a thousand blossoms on at one time. Probably the best climb- ing Rose for this latitude.
Red Moss. Stalks, flowers and buds covered with fine thorns, much resem- bling moss.
Richmond. An exceptionally clean and strong-growing variety, requiring only ordinary care and treatment, producing The flowers are borne freely —as free as Bride, Bridesmaid, Golden Gate and other old standbys—lasting in quality, beautifully shaped and brightly colored in pure, dark
} scarlet-crimson.
Killarney Rose
40 Sherman Nursery Company, Charles City, lowa
A Garden of Hardy Roses ;
ROSES, continued
Rosa rugosa. MHardiest of all Roses. This Japanese Rose forms a sturdy bush, 2 to 3 feet high, covered with large, dark green, glossy foliage, crowned with ter- minal clusters of 10 to 20 flowers, each 3
Tree Rose
inches in diameter. Perfectly hardy. A valuable plant for the hardy border, or shrubberies, its large, handsome, scarlet fruits being very ornamental all through the autumn and early winter months. It also makes a splendid hedge, its foliage being impervious to the attacks of in- sects of all kinds.
Rosa rugosa alba. Same as above, ex- cept in color.
Seven Sisters. Named from clusters of flowers which it bears; flowers medium- size, light rose color, double. A climb- ing Rose of medium growth.
Vick’s Caprice. A novel striped Rose, with ground-color of soft satiny pink; distinctly marked with white and car- mine. It is large and full, with beauti- ful long buds that show the stripes to advantage.
Victor Verdier. Bright rose, with car- mine center, a very fresh shade of color; not fragrant; free-bloomer; wood very nearly smooth.
White Moss (Blanche Moreau).
as red moss, except in color.
White Rambler (Thalia). Similar to the Yellow Rambler in every way except color, which is pure white.
Same
Tree Roses
The Tree Roses are grafted on hardy Rose stalks 4 to 5 feet high, and when in full bloom are objects of beauty, making handsome plants for the lawn or Rose border. Fine, strong trees, that will bloom nicely the first year.
Fruit and Ornamental Trees, Shrubs, Bulbs, Etc. 4]
Clematis paniculata
Vines
Ampelopsis
Engelmanni. A clinging form of Ameri- can Ivy, but shorter jointed than Quinque- folia. A rapid grower, often climbing 10 feet in a single season. The best vine known for covering stone or brick work.
A. Quinquefolia( American Ivy, or Vir- ginia Creeper). The common Five- leaved Ivy, or Virginia Creeper.
Veitchii. Japan Creeper; Boston Ivy. Leaves smaller than those of the American, and overlap one another, forming a dense sheet of green. The plant is a little tender while young, and requires protection the first winter; but onceestablished there is no further risk. It grows rapidly and clings to wall or fence with the tenacity of ivy; the foliage is very handsome in summer, and changes tocrimson-scarlet inautumn. For covering walls, stumps of trees, rockeries, etc., no plant is so useful. For the ornamentation of brick and stone structures, it can be specially recommended.
Bittersweet A twining vine of very rapid growth; waxy green, _ single-
lobed leaves; bright scarlet berries. Perfectly hardy and very beautiful.
Clematis
Paniculata. A great novelty from Japan, It has proved to be one of the most desirable, useful
and beautiful of hardy vines, being a luxuriant grower, profuse bloomer, and possessing fine foliage. It is particularly useful for covering verandas, pillars and fences, where a trellis or support can be provided for it to climb on. The flowers
are of medium size, very pretty and fra- grant, and produced in greatest profusion
Trumpet Flowers (see page 42)
42
Clematis. continued in latesummer. We can recommend this novelty in the strongest manner as one of the best vines to grow near the house. It makes a growth of from 25 to 30 feet in a single season, and should be cut back to the ground each spring.
C. Virginica. A remarkably vig r us plant, and one of the finest for covering arbors, porches, and the like. This vine has been known to grow at the rate of 3 inches per day, and frequently makes a growth of 20 feet in a season. It is per- fectly hardy. Flowers small, greenish white, and seed-pods very conspicuous and light gray in color.
C. coccinea. Small, bright coral-red; inverted bell-shaped; open but little. Very peculiar. Hardy and attractive.
C. Jackmani. Large, intense violet- purple; remarkable for its velvety rich- ness; free in its growth and an abundant and successive bloomer.
C. Jackmani alba. Differs from above in color of flower, which is a clear white; the vine is a more slender grower.
Dutchman’s Pipe (Aristolochia Sipho)
A magnificent hardy vine of rapid growth, with very large, heart-shaped leaves and brownish flowers, resembling in shape a miniature pipe.
Trumpet Honeysuckle
One of the most desirable of our native twining plants. Foliage glossy and a
little on the sage-green order
eo
SpA
Trumpet Honeysuckle
Sherman Nursery Company, Charles City, Iowa
trumpet-shaped, about 1/4 inches long, with a salmon shade, with red on the inner side of trumpet. Flowers borne in clusters, and continue all summer.
Chinese Matrimony Vine
Sometimes trained as a shrub. Purple- flowered and showy-fruited. Extra -vig- orous in growth, bearing prodigious crops of large scarlet berries.
Moonseed
A native twining vine, of very rapid growth, with large deep green glossy leaves, closely resembling the English Ivy. The seed-pods are shaped like a new moon, hence the name. For covering stumps, stones or any low object, we know of no finer vine.
Trumpet Flower (Bignonia radicans)
A vine closely resembling the Wistaria. Flowers borne in small clusters; blossoms 2 inches in length by 34 inch in diameter. Very showy, but not quite hardy enough for our climate here. Needs good pro- tection over winter.
Wistaria
Purple. One of the most attractive and rapid-growing of all climbing plants; attains an immense size. Has long, pen- dulous clusters of dark blue flowers in May and June and in autumn.
White American. The flowers are clear
Flowers | white; bunches short; free bloomer.
Fruit and Ornamental Trees, Shrubs, Bulbs, Etc.
43
Bulbs
| Gladiolus
Gladioli
Common Red. This is the common Gladiolus so irequently seen in our gardens; flowers borne in one-sided spikes; bright red.
Mixed Colors. Under the above head- ing we are selling a very fine lot of plants of our own origination from se- lected seed. Among them are some oi the finest we have ever seen, ranging in colorfrom almost white to nearly black.
Lemoine’s Seedling. Of the seedling Gladioli grown by Mr. Lemoine, we have some I0 or 12 varieties. These varieties range in shades from white with dee velvety red throats, to deep purple with throatsalmost black. The characteristic feature of the Lemoine’s Seedling is the deep mottling of dark color in the throat of the flower, and the plants are a little irregular in their habits of growth. Desirable.
Iris
German. This group blooms early and with wonderful com- binations of coloring. Easily distinguished from other Iris by their broad, sword-like leaves. We offer eight named varieties. Likes a drier soil than the Japan.
| |
_ Iris in being broad and flat.
Japan. Flowers differ from the German They exhibit a wonderful variety of colors and shades and appear later than the others. They
_rank among the most desirable of hardy
plants; succeed best in a moist soil.
Siberian. We regard this as one of the most desirable plants for a border, or for marking lines, etc., known to us. It is very persistent, and will hold its own in blue-grass sod. Foliage long, slender and graceful; flowers borne on slender stems about 18 inches to 2 feet high, usu- ally two or three flowers on a stem. The flowers are a deep, clear purple and very graceful. It is perfectly hardy, and we consider it one of the most desirable of the Iris family.
Lilies (Lilium)
Lilies are among the most beautiful of flowers, but they need planting on well- drained soil, and if fertilizers are used they must be well decomposed.
L. auratum. Very large, with gold band along the center of petals, much spotted with brown; very fragrant. Blooms in August.
L. lancifolium album. Same as Lilium lancifolium rubrum, with the exception that the plant is not quite so rank a grower. The flower is a pure waxy white. Per- fectly hardy in this latitude.
Iris Kempferi
44 Sherman Nursery Company, Charles City, Iowa
Lilium Auratum (see page 43)
Lilies, continued
Lilium lancifolium rubrum. This we think beyond question the hardiest of all of the Japanese Lilies. The plant grows to the height of about 18 to 24 inches. Foliage dark green and lanceolate, hence the name. Flowers borne in clusters of
from five to twenty, pink at margin of petal, deep rose color in center, thickly dotted with brown; petals curling back like petals of the Tiger Lily. We regard it as perfectly hardy.
Lily-of-the-Valley
L. tigrinum (Tiger Lily). Very common; color orange-salmon, spotted dark brown.
Corn Lily
Foliage pale green, very long, slender and pointed. Flowers borne in clusters, and the individual flowers last but for one day. The Lily is salmon color, tinged with red. Perfectly hardy.
Day Lily (Funkia alba)
This is the common white Day Lily which we see so often in house culture. The blos- soms are trumpet-shaped, glossy white in color, and borne in clusters. The plant is hardy here in open ground with but little protection.
Lemon Lily A pretty plant, with long, narrow leaves, and flower stalks 2 to 3 feet high, crowned by beautiful lemon-colored flowers, 3 to 4 in. in diameter; fragrant.
Lily-of-the-Valley
Low plant; flower-stalks about 6 inches high, with small, cup-shaped white flowers along the stalk.
A Field of Festiva Maxima Peonies
Miscellaneous
Aquilegia caerulea (Rocky Mountain Columbine)
A fine Rocky Mountain species, with large flowers, often 4 inches across. The
sepals are deep blue; petals pure white; flowers retaining their freshnessa long-time.
Bleeding-Heart
A hardy perennial with heart-shaped, rose-colored flowers in drooping spikes. One of the best border plants; perfectly hardy and easily cultivated; 2 feet high. Flowers in April or May.
Dahlia
This is the well-known plant so com- mon in all old gardens. Flowers borne on stems from 3 to 5 feet high, varying in color from white to deep red, and from single to very double.
Peony Pink. Light fresh pink; fragrant; early. Red. This is the common red Peony so well known that it needs no introduc- tion. Perfectly hardy; blooms well under almost any circumstances. White. Same as above, except in color. Caroline Mather. Purple-crimson; very large, double and very dark. Festiva maxima. Flowers large, creamy white, with small center of carmine; round,
a strong vigorous plant bearing an abun- dance of flowers.
spurs recurved. Splendid for cutting, the
Aquilegia czerulea
46 Sherman Nursery Company,
Charles City, Iowa
Hardy Phlox
Peony, continued
Francis Ortegal. Dark purple-crimson, very large, fine, deep, double and sweet.
Humei. Rose, full, large, late; one of the best. La Martine. Bright red, full, good.
Phlox
This is a class of plants which are much neglected. We have them ranging in color from white to deep blue. We regard them
as very desirable for border planting No perennial is more worthy of culture, more satisfactory in every situation or more effective, either as individual plants or grouped in masses.
Rudbeckia laciniata fl. pl., *‘“Golden Glow”’
A distinct, tall-growing hardy perennial, from 6 to 7 feet high. Foliage deeply cut, handsome bright green; flowers very dou- ble, rich golden yellow, 2 to 3 inches in diameter, borne on long smooth stems, forming for the tall plant a solid head of bloom. Excellent for cutting. Hardy.
Vinca (Myrtle, or Periwinkle)
A small evergreen vine, with broad leaves, and pale blue flowers which are scattered over the plant from the time the snow begins to leave until late in summer. The plant is a rank grower and is highly valued for covering mounds, graves, and so on.
Yucca filamentosa
This variety is distinguished from the other Yuccas in that it has threads or filaments along the margins of the leaves. This plant throws up flower-stalks which grow to the height of about 5 to 6 feet, branching in tree form, and when in full bloom are loaded with tulip-shaped, pen- dulent, white flowers. In this latitude the plant should have a light covering of straw, or some light material, to give the best results. It is better planted on rather dry land.
Fruit and Ornamental Trees, Shrubs, Bulbs, Etc. 47
The Home People Who Have Known Us for the Past Twenty-eight Years
Co Whom st IWap Concert: The undersigned cheerfully recommend The Sherman Nursery Company, of Charles City, Iowa, to all parties desiring to plant nursery stock that is hardy and well adapted to cultivation in the great North- west.
They are the most extensive growers of trees in the North, having in cultivation on their grounds, near the city, two million apple trees, twenty-five million evergreens, and also large quantities of small fruit, ornamental trees, vines, shrubs, etc.
We believe the parties having charge of their work to be good business men, giving careful attention to the various details of their work, and that any contracts made by them will be faithfully performed.
Hon. P. W. Burr, Ex-Judge 12th Judi- cial District, Charles City, lowa.
Prof. F. E. Hirsch, President Charles City College, Charles City, Iowa.
Hon. H. C. Baldwin, Mayor and Presi- _ HH. A. Schlick, Music Dealer, Charles
dent of Citizens National Bank, Charles | City, Iowa.
City, lowa. _ Agent Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul F. B. Miner, Cashier Citizens National | Ry. Co.
Bank, Charles City, lowa. _ W. 4H. Burns, Agent American Express George E. May, President Commercial | Co.
National Bank. _ Pastor of M. E. Church. John Kuck, Harness Maker. | E. A. Barnes, Cashier First National A. L. Dodd, Manager Charles City _ Bank, Nashua, Iowa.
Electric Light Co., Charles City, Iowa. Hecht Bros., Charles City, Iowa.
Geo. P. Morris, Agent Wells Fargo L. H. Henry, Editor ‘“‘Herald,”’ Charles Express Co., Charles City, Iowa. City, Iowa.
Morton Wilbur, Cashier Security Trust Samuel Phelps Leland, Lecturer.
and Savings Bank. V. Rev. J. J. Garland, V. F., Catholic H. M. Walleser, Cashier, First National Priest.
Bank. Rhinesmith & Dodge, Editors Daily and Frank Korinke, Agent of Illinois Central Weekly Intelligencer.
Ry. Co.
Rev. E. H. Cassel : roe Ellis & Ellis, Attorneys at Law.
ev. EK. H. Casselman, Pastor Lutheran i
Church and President of Lutheran Synod, ae AEE ES A ee
Charles City, Iowa. Hart-Parr Co., Manufacturers of Gas W. C. Hering & Co., Furniture Manu- Tractors (By C. W: Hart, President).
facturers, Charles City, Iowa. Charles City Western Ry. Co. (By
Waller Bros., Stock Dealers and Impor- H. E. Bennett, Assistant General Manager.
ters, Charles City, Iowa. J. R. Caffyn, Pastor M. E. Church. Rev. T. M. Evans, District Superin- R. J. Taylor, Agent Chicago, Milwaukee tendent, Cedar Rapids, Iowa. | & St. Paul Ry. Co.
Sherman Nursery Company, Charles City, Iowa
Suitable Distances for Planting
Gooseberries........... 3 Raspberries, Red....... 3 Raspberries, Black..... 3 Blackberries and Dew- DEFEICS..cins. 1 eer ae 3 Strawberries, rows....... I AS DARA QUIS. cee ee I Ritubatos 2 yey see 3
Number of Trees or Plants on an Acre
48 Apples DAD A DY24 a deel REATSH 4-2 Pe naan. sone 13/0! 20 ~ Reaches: saree cree COP.) tons as Cherries Bis ico) atro) ef Purnis Sis sana 8 cera LOM SEONZO 5 Grapes Eran ee rae eO EO 8 |B ler0 Keqeoperapionee Das maen eet en 14 to To Currants. 0, Saker ee Bie cone a 2 feet each Ways. sees veer eee royee : Neh ae Fe ee ee ee yo nets ae ae ee er de s 5 pee Ge ge ye mae SN dale es ete wee RRC lon ch unt ini hae
12 feet each WAY... .- see wees,
(a9 I i (a9 ce ce 20 ce ce ce ce ce c¢ 24 32 ce c¢ (a4
a. (aoe) \e)5'6) (eel tes route olus) jal go) |e) erie lie iia
OOO ain OarmP ot. Te Oem OD oO SP ono
@ Yel iaf fey a) of_aym tel Mea) fet lehta, Kslite ae ltes tn
To ascertain the number of plants required to the acre at any given distance, divide the number of square feet (43,560) in an acre by the number of square feet
you desire to devote to each plant.
feet, each hill will occupy 6 square feet, making 7,260 plants to the acre.
INDEX
For instance, in strawberries planted 1% by 4
PAGE PAGE PAGE Allspice, Carolina......... 33 | Elderberry........ UDA CATSi\. 8 28a) oe ee 13 Almond, Flowering....... Sue dere sBiOm gis. as ene 20S lw Comes bean ee ee 45, 46 AE Oa et eee ramen, at are 233) Ea Eines Selene pe mec eae eae 25; 26") Periwinkle] set eee 46 Ampelopsis > Alive. eks oe ATA SE UOT yAMNUSH ae ania nee 24° V PAO ane oe ee 46 Ap pleshie rte, abet: BUS) | MOVES s 250g oo sos 233) PIMe 08 ee hy ore ee 30 IA DEICOE eae iwc tccn eae ORE ON | REL To) SR 2 20 lee aieacgeaenenees hea pea 28 | Plum, Flowering 28, 36 ANGuMe gia cs er a Meee Oe AISI he Os feet Hy cok a ees aN 34 RE TOMS Glace be eee TASES ATDOEVICE OA 5 fulkicheeeas 28 | Fruits, Miscellaneous..... 24 ApPOpIar 122 sia pee 27 NGISEOLO CMa eee Fees Aa giaBruUitw ee este seem eae Baan | worst meh AS eee ica eae PNAS 2 One 77S La diiol ing Smears ange etee enone 43 | Prunus 2 Ne Re OEE NS PAT AS USE Lae eure ae a 2A Goldens Glow. ... .12 a sae AO) QUPNCES «phen es ae ee ee 16 Bar becry:s tee. aoniwiethca Be 32) }Gooseberriesi soe... she TO Own ces a) aantess ele 36 BasswOOdee aca itt .5.ts ae 2OnlG Rape ell espe as eee 16=tq | Raspberries: . 5.25. 995. 21, 22 Bie MOM SNe. Let eaee et 42) black Derive: sey. sean 20m IR buibairb ig ope eee 24 dB ict! oli Se neta le aH gee DE LUZO | EuazZe ini tea cee ae skeen 23 Rose OL Sharont oo eee 33 Bittersweet. con oe ee ant. |“Efedge (Plamts: seas ones abies 2 OWN IROSES nt «Minos Aa eee 37-40 Blaeckberess7. saves acne 22 ss EleimlOc k samen plage ete 30:4) Rudbeckra.< 45 sn. an eee 46 Bleeding Heart........... 45 | Hickory.. ...33 | Shrubs, Flowering..... 33-37 Buckthorn. . na Honeysuckle. PARE as oe 24,42 | siberian, Pea, frees: see 32 Buffalo Berry. PIR 2 MEO ph lat CONE Meck oon teae omen 26) Smoke ree: hi See 34 Bulbs.. Os, Ae AUS Onsen @ ie Stilts jim eats om 20 I4SnOw ballig cio ate aan 36 Butternut. Rhy eas EMRE BN oh eT vaWl e Lair binreMnKerer nO. aire mys ge. 2A SNOWDerE ERC: eee ee 36 Calycanthus.... ai Regal TTT Sea Ret, Seo AN eee ee ABZ SPIE Mt as: eae ee 36, 37 Garacanant oo; ae a ese TV AV a edeeet nS cere tn nia AE\ SPrucey eek ee bene ee 30 Catalpat errant 2 ee ot ae 26s UINEWEREY s <i eos es eee ees Pad tla Ww DELL ye eer. eee eae 24 Cedaren. ec akae eee 23\| Juniper. ....02. 0.8. 2.820530 | Straw berry-k aspperky.. ee Cherriessee eer see Kt We Om, 2 One| SAC Vuh. ches ee ied 8 eet 27 | Strawberry: Pree yo. .5 See 34 Chestnut.. . 26, 33 | Lilac Z4=36)| Sweet Shrub. ss). eee 33 Clematis.Goro epee AT AD ol MEMES, w.0 poss etek. ak eae ae A'S, AA SYTINEAicA) ao eee 37 Coffee Tree, vane 2 27s Det CHEMIP) Acces de nat tas eer ese 2.6.1) aM 1k Seek co eee 37 Columbine.. 4 Bo Sane Lily-of-the-Valley......... 44) Thorn, Whites. selene eee 37 COEnUShs. 2. Wotan eee SAV OCU eshte: a keane Peiteloee 27 | Trees, Shade and Orna-
Cottonwood i757.5.. hee ZAG WM OCUSt ay LOM Clyiss2- a eerie eae 32 mienGaks i 26g sien 26-28 CrabrApplesive... inion 10 Farah Dad sca Re A ae 24 | Trees, Weeping... ..... oe 25 Crab, Flowering: ..... .. 1.383 \sMagnolia.* 27 \i rumipeb EP lowervuea. scene 42 Crab; SWald: is ee ere 28 | Maple.. ; wvssa ite etek 25 | RG EU Sa br Cah ete eeu” Reena 28 Cranberry, High-bush. 24, 34 Matrimony SVae.CAPen wren A2 | Wegetabless, 2 nc nerke ceo 24 Currants ae 3ces ee BON2T MOCKOGAIIZC. warcsmee. wey 37 | VamiCaxiow «acer eee 46 Currant, Flowering eg Ab WO OMSCEC tutus eeats «arene A2' | IV TOS Sol Soe ene eee 41, 42 Dai ia itr Weis 5 oe ten ee team 45 | Mulberry..... 24; 2:55 |Mirginia Creepers ss. see 41 DevtZianncacu. see eee Bed. NISC ia, ak ROR te ss wiO"'|. Wialtoo: eco oe ae re ee au Dewberry 8 york sheesh 24 lN TGGES 282 ved Sono ee 33 | Walnut “33 Dorwoodintey wenn. oat ote BeAr NOVAK aie cteiant once aire sa eth com ee ee 33..| Weimella., yovssei. sna eee 37 Dutchman’s setae Seer ie A2 (OMUVesMRTUSSIAME «sens ols eaeteners 32. | Willo wns eine ene 25, 28 Eleagnus. . Nay ae wang 2 ol Orancen OsSacen ue acide 32 | Wistaria, 22 ena eee 42 1 DAS oa ee Geer oe Omar AE BAY | PRACHIESLiEs ood tints moma ee TCs eV CCH ss: eee eae Renee.
J. Horack McFarRuAND Co., HORTICULTURAL PRINTERS, HARRISBURG, Pa.
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| CHARLES CITY, IOWA
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