Historic, Archive Document
Do not assume content reflects current scientific knowledge, policies, or practices.
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T. SS HUBBARD COMPANY Grape-Vine Specialists FREDONIA - NEW YORK
Contents
: PAGE
Sdecestion to Planters)... 98h ce) fe ee a ee 32 Description of Grapes 2.0). ea ow) eee ee ; ‘Table of Nlertts 608 bo) ea tee ae ee SJ Currants 24. Gooseberries . 27 Raspberries 28 Blackberries 29 Strawberries hae a Ried he ¢ 6 Ee Seraying Calendar. 0 UR as a i
Our long experience in packing and shipping to all parts of the United States, and many foreign /
countries, enables us to assure our customers the safe arrival of goods.
Number of Plants Required to Plant One Acre
GRAPE-VINES
8 by 6 feet apart . ee ee are Ta eee ote _8 by 7 feet apart
8 by 8 feet apart .
9 by 8 feet apart
9 by 9 feet apart .
9 by 10 feet apart
10 by 8 feet apart .
10 by 10 feet apart
6 by 3 feet apart 6 by 4 feet apart .
6 by 3 feet apart 7 by 3 feet apart .
STRAWBERRIES 3 by 114 feet apart MC Ae ght Wer demdy Me Rs. Be 314 by 11% feet apart .
CURRANTS AND GOOSEBERRIES
RASPBERRIES AND BLACKBERRIES
. 907°~ |
777 . 680 605
. 538
484
. 545
435
2,420
. 1,815
2,420
. 2,075
9,658
. 8,260
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FREDONIA, N. Y.
Grolvers of American Grapes Forty-seben years
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THE GRAPE
Longest known and earliest cultivated of all fruits. No garden is complete without them [2
Introductory
INCE the [ast edition of our Catalogue was issued, a few AS new varieties have been added to our lists, and further
2
experience with others enables us to give more extended
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and accurate descriptions than were then possible.
4
We have taken great care to make our descriptions
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accurate and intelligible, and in the selection of varieties
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our customers may rely upon what we say as being the
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result of careful observation and study, as they appear under cultivation here.
We have been engaged in this business here since 1866, and annually grow in our nurseries over one bun- “dred acres in grape-vines and small fruits, embracing many millions of plants.
Tuts IMMENSE Stock and the large force of traimed assistants in our employ, together with our unequaled facilities for storing, packing and shipping, enable us to fill all orders, large or small, with equal accuracy and promptness.
Our STANDARD OF GRADING is known throughout the country as the “Fredonia Standard,” origmated by us, and is synonymous with the highest excellence.
We aim always to keep on hand everything in our special line. required by the planter or dealer, and to supply only the best stock at the lowest prices consistent with the quality offered. AII who in- tend planting, and all dealers, will find it to their advantage to submit their lists to us for prices.
We are grateful for the very liberal patronage recetved during the forty-seven years we have been in business, and we respectfully solicit a continuance of the same.
T. S. Hubbard Company 1 Sua) cane . Fredonia, N. ye 3]
To Customers
Our Nurseries were established in 1866, and were the first in the United States to make the growing of native American Grape-vines a specialty. In 1887 we incorporated under the Jaws of New York, and now have a paid-up capital of $75,000, all of which is invested in our business. From the beginning our specialty has been the growing of Grape-vines, for which we have peculiar natural advantages of soil and climate here on the south shore of Lake Erie. Through our immense business, extending to every state in the Union and to many foreign countries, we have achieved a national reputation for accuracy in varieties, grading to the highest standard, promptness in filling orders, and for the largest stock and best selected list of varieties in this country.
Acceptance of Orders.—It is mutually understood and agreed between this company and the purchaser that all orders accepted by the company are subject to the following con- ditions, viz.:
(1) The company guarantees all stock to be in good, healthy condition at the time and point of shipment.
(2) It shall not be held liable for Joss of, or damage to, stock m transit.
(3) The purchaser waives all clarms and damages against this company resulting from failure to fill orders where delivery is prevented by the loss of the company’s stock by fire or the elements, before shipment.
Time of Shipment.—Our facilities for storing, packing and shipping are unsurpassed, and enable us to fill all orders promptly from October 1 to June 1.
Packing is done in the most thorough manner by experienced workmen. We make no charges for boxes, bales or delivering at our freight, express or post office.
Labeling.—Everything we send out is plainly labeled with the best quality of printed or written labels, attached with brass or copper wire.
Substitution of Varieties.—We never substitute unless authorized to do so, but we suggest to our customers that, when ordering, they instruct us to substitute to the best of our judgment, in case any varieties ordered are exhausted.
Guarantee.—We warrant our stock true to name and of quality represented, with the express understanding and agreement that, should any prove not true to name, we will refund the money paid, or will replace it with other stock, but are not liable to damages other than herein named.
Correspondence.—Write us for advice about the best varieties for your locality for table use, market or wme. If you want to cover an arbor, screen or any unsightly place, let us tell you what to plant. We can give you valuable information, and gladly place our experi- ence at your command.
[4
Table of Comparative Merits
In order to more accurately show the comparative merits of different varieties on leading points, the followmg table has been prepared. On each point as indicated by the respective head- ings, ten different grades are given, “1” indicating the lowest grade, and “10” the highest and most favorable grade, the mtermediate numbers indicatmg the approach to highest or lowest.
The ratings given below are based on our own personal observation, and show the average merits of the different varieties as they appear when grown under the conditions of soil and climate existing in what is known as the “Grape Belt’’ on the south shore of Lake Erie. They are, of course, likely to vary under other and dissimilar conditions, but may be safely used as a basis of selection for varieties to plant in most localities east of the Rocky Mountains.
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Continued on page 7 5]
Concord (see page 10). The standard market Grape of America
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Table of Comparative Merits, continued
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DESCRIPTION OF VARIETIES
In our descriptions of varieties we have not given date of ripening. It would be impossible to do so, except for a very limited section of coun- try, the date varying with the latitude and longitude of the location, and often to a lesser de- gree with the soil and ex- posure of the vineyard. We havetherefore chosen some of the leading well- . . known sorts for compari- Grape-Vines planted along the garden walk son, and have given the time of ripening, as compared with one of those ripening about the same time im this locality. Thus, we use Moore’s Early as indicating one of the earliest to ripen, Concord or Delaware midseason, and Catawba late. By bearing this in mind our readers will be able to fix the time of ripening of most varieties we describe.
It should also be borne in mind that variations in soil and climate, and other conditions of environment, often cause great variations in the characteristics of all plants. Grapes are no exception.
In selecting varieties for planting, it 1s well to plant Jargely of those which are known to succeed in the locality, and the new or lesser known varieties more sparingly, until they have been tested and a found to be desirable. Nearly all of the A pretty Grape arch hardy varieties do well in all locations.
[8
—
COMPARISON OF VARIETIES
On pages 5 and 7 will be found a carefully prepared table showing the com- parative merits of 62 varieties of Grapes arranged on a definite scale of points.
Varieties of Grapes
Agawam (Rogers’ Hybrid No. 15). Red or maroon. Bunch usually loose, shouldered; berries Iarge; skin thick; flesh pulpy, meaty, juicy, of a rich peculiar aromatic flavor; ripens about with Concord; a good keeper. Vine a strong, rank grower, hardy and productive; should be pruned, leaving long canes. One of the best of Rogers’ hybrids.
Aminia (Rogers’ No. 39). Black. Bunch and berry large; skin thick; flesh tender; very early, ripening about the same time as Worden; quality good. Vine a strong grower, healthy, hardy and productive.
Bacchus. Black. Bunch medium; berry small, round, juicy, sprightly. A seedling of Clinton, which It re- sembles but is of much better quality. A valuable wine Grape.
Barry (Rogers’ Hybrid No. 43). Black. Bunch very large, compact, shouldered; berries large; flesh tender sweet, good. Vine vigorous, hardy and healthy. Ripens about with Concord.
Brighton. Red. Bunch medium to large, long, compact, shouldered; berries medium; skin thin; flesh tender, sweet, with scarcely any pulp; quality best. Vine a vigorous grower, healthy, hardy and produc- tive; one of the best early red Grapes. The flowers have reflexed stamens and do not always fertilize fully un- less planted with Concord, Worden or others which blossom at the same time. Ripens with Delaware.
Brilliant. Red. Bunch large, long, sometimes shouldered; berry medium to large; skin thin, tough,
9]
brilliant in color; quality good to best. Vinea . strong grower, hardy, healthy and productive. Ripens about the same time as Delaware.
Campbell’s Early. Black. Bunch large, shouldered, moderately compact; berry large, nearly round, slightly elongated, covered with profuse light blue bloom; adheres strongly to stem; skin thick, tough and does not crack;
Brighton Grapes
flesh somewhat pulpy, sweet, with slight aroma, not foxy; quality about same as Con- cord. It colors very early but requires some weeks after coloring to fully ripen; a fine ship- ping Grape. Vine a good grower.
Catawba. Dark red when fully ripe. Bunch large, moderately compact, shouldered; berries medium to large; skin thick, tough; flesh somewhat pulpy, with rich vinous flavor; of best quality for both table and wine. Vine a good grower, hardy, with healthy foliage; very productive and profitable where it suc- ceeds and matures well. Ripens too late for high Jatitudes. :
Champion, or Talman.
Black. Bunch
Delaware Grapes
iceha, “. a= 207s
medium to large, compact; berries medium, ad- hering to stem better than Hartford, which it resembles; skin thick; flesh sweet, juicy, some- what pulpy, with foxy flavor. Vine a very rank vigorous grower; hardy, very healthy and pro- ductive. Ripens about with or a little before Moore’s Early. Quality poor, but desirable for early market.
Clinton. Black. Bunch small to medium, compact, long, not usually shouldered; berries small; skin thin, but tough; flesh juicy, spicy, with little pulp, quite acid; 1s used principally for wine. Vine very vigorous, healthy, hardy, and productive. Requires plenty of room, and spur-pruning on old canes for best results.
’ Concord. Black. Decidedly the most
"© popular Grape in America, and deservedly
et ages set
so. Adapts itself to varying conditions and is grown with more or less profit in every grape-growing state in the Union. Bunch large, shouldered, compact; berries large, covered with a rich bloom; skin tender, but sufficiently firm to carry well to dis- tant markets; flesh juicy, sweet, pulpy, tender. Vine a strong grower, very hardy, healthy and productive. For general culti- vation the most reliable and profitable va- riety.
“ Cottage. Black. A seedling of Con- cord, and very similar in growth, size and quality, but ripens a few days earlier, about with Moore’s Early. Variable as to productiveness and sometimes drops Its berries.
Cynthiana. A black wime Grape. Bunch medium, long, shouldered, com- pact; berries small. Vine a vigorous grow- er and healthy; fruit ripens late. Highly esteemed in the South and Southwest, where it 1s considered one of the best red wine Grapes; strongly resembles Norton.
Delaware. Red. Bunch small, com- pact, sometimes shouldered; berries small; skin thin, but firm; flesh juicy, very sweet and refreshing, of best quality for both table and wine; ripens with Concord or a a little before. Vine hardy, productive, a moderate grower; requires rich soil and
[ 10
THE WONDERFUL NEW CURRANT
PAW So PROLIFIC. IT HAS NO EQUAL.
MENSINGS STECHER, LITH.ROCHESTER.N-Y.
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Grape- Vines used as a screen
good culture. Is regarded by many as the best American Grape, all things considered. It should be in every garden and vineyard.
Diamond. White. Bunch large, compact, shouldered; berries Iarge, round; skin thin, but tough; flesh tender, juicy, with but little pulp. Vme a good grower, with thick, healthy foliage; hardy and productive; of fine quality. Ripens a little before Concord.
\/ Diana. Red. Bunch medium, very com- pact; berries medium; skin thick and very tough; flesh sweet, tender, vinous, with a pe- culiar musky flavor; of good quality for both table and wine. Vine vigorous and productive.
\/ Dracut Amber. Red. Very early; bunch and berry large; flesh quite foxy. Vine hardy very vigorous and productive. Valuable in high Jatitudes where better varieties will not ripen.
Duchess. White. Bunch medium to large, long, compact, shouldered; berries medium, quality best; ripens a little ater than Concord. Vine a good grower and productive. Its qual- ity Is so fine that considerable trouble in grow- ing it will pay. Keeps a long time after being
_ gathered.
Early Ohio. Black. Bunch medium to large, compact, often shouldered; berries me- dium, quality fair; ripens about with Moore’s
11]
Early or a little before un- der favorable conditions. Vine healthy, hardy and
productive. A sure and regular bearer. Early Victor. Black.
Bunch medium, compact; berry medium; flesh tender and sweet. Vine a strong grower, very healthy, hardy and productive. Ripens about with Concord; in foliage, growth and cluster resembles Telegraph. Qual- ity only fair.
Eaton. Black. Similar in foliage to Concord. In growth, health, hardiness of vine, and in every other re- spect its equal, while in size of bunch and berry it is much larger and more attractive. Leaf large, thick, leathery, covered on the under side with a thick, brownish yellow down. Bunch
Catawba Grapes (see page 10)
Campbell’s Early Grapes (see page 9)
[el
very large, compact, double -shouldered; berries very large, many one inch In diameter, round, black, covered with a heavy blue bloom, adheres firmly to the stem; skin thin, but tough; pulp tender, separating freely from the seeds and dissolving easily in the mouth; very juicy. Ripens with Concord or a Iittle earlier.
Elvira. White. Bunch and berry medium, very compact. Vine a vigorous, strong, healthy grower and very productive, often growing four or five clusters on a single cane; very hardy. Ripens late, about with Catawba. A valuable white wine Grape.
~“ Empire State. White. Bunch medium, long, compact; berries medium, quality best. Vimea strong grower, hardy, with large, healthy foliage and short-jointed canes which ripen early. Superior in quality to Niagara, but not usually so productive.
v Etta. White. A seedling of Elvira, but larger in berry and of better quality.
/ Eumelan. Black. Bunch medium, shoul- dered, compact; berries medium, round, adher- ing firmly to the stem; flesh tender, melting, rich and vinous; ripens a little before Concord. Vine vigorous, very short-jointed, hardy and productive. A superior red wine Grape.
¥ Geertner (Rogers’ No. 14). Red. Bunch and berry medium to large; skin thin and of a beau- tiful bright red color; flesh sweet, rich, aromatic. Vine healthy and productive. This is one of the best and most showy of the red Grapes.
’ Goethe (Rogers’ No. 1). Bunch usually
large, shouldered, compact; berries large, oval,-
yellowish green, tinged with red on one side, amber-colored when fully ripe; skin thin but firm; flesh sweet, juicy, with high aromatic flavor. Vine strong and very productive. One of the best keepers and of best quality for both table and wine. Esteemed highly both West and South; rather late for northern localities, and yet ripens about with Catawba. It is quite good if not fully ripe.
Green’s Early. A new white Grape. A chance seedling of Concord type. Bunch and berry medium to large; sweet; ripens very early, before Moore’s Early.
13]
Green Mountain. Sameas Winchell; white. Bunch medium to large, shouldered; berries medium, greenish white; skin thin, tough; pulp tender, sweet, with few seeds; of excellent qual- ity, free from foxiness; very early. Vine vigor- ous, healthy, hardy and very productive. A fine Grape, identical m every way with Winchell.
. Hartford. Black. Bunch large, shouldered; berries Iarge, clined to drop from bunch if allowed to hang until fully ripe; flesh sweet, pulpy, somewhat foxy. Vine hardy, vigorous, healthy and productive. Ripens four to six days before Concord.
Hayes, Francis B. White, with yellowish tinge when fully ripe; bunch and berry medium; skin thin, flesh tender, juicy, of medium qual- ity. Vine a fair grower, hardy; foliage healthy. Ripens about with Hartford.
Empire State Grapes
Green Mountain Grapes (see page 13)
Herbert (Rogers’ No. 44). Black. Bunch and berry large; flesh sweet, rich and sprightly. Vine a good grower, hardy and productive. Early and of fine quality for market.
Herman Jaeger. Dark purple, nearly black. Bunch very large, compact, shouldered; berry medium, quality very good; ripens about with Concord. Vine very vigorous, hardy, healthy and productive. One of Munson’s seedlings.
Iona. Pale red. Bunch large, long, shoul- dered; rather loose; berries medium; skm thin, firm; flesh tender, with rich vinous flavor; of very best quality for table or wine. Vine only a moderate grower, requiring rich soil and high culture; short-jomted and inclined to overbear, requiring short pruning and thinning of fruit. Ripens a little before Catawba,
Isabella. Black. Bunch large, shouldered, compact; berries large, oval, of fair quality. Vine vigorous, but not very hardy. Ripens late and irregularly.
VY Ives. Black. Bunch Iong, medium to large, compact; berries medium; skin thick and tough; flesh sweet, pulpy, somewhat foxy; colors early but does not fully mature until several weeks later. When ripe it is a good market variety, and is highly esteemed for red wine. Vine hardy, very vigorous and healthy, generally succeeding well; is quite exempt from rot. A good shipper.
Janesville. A very hardy black Grape. Bunch medium, very compact; berry medium; skin thick; flesh pulpy, acid, of medium qual- ity. Very strong, rank grower, and very pro- ductive. Desirable only in severe climates where better varieties will not succeed. Colors very early, but improves by hanging some weeks longer on the vines.
VY Jefferson. Bright red. Bunch large, double shouldered; berry medium to large; skin thick; flesh tender, crisp, juicy, sweet, slightly aro- matic, vinous. It is of very best quality, a fine keeper and good market Grape. Ripens with Catawba or a little later.
¥ Jessica. White. Cluster and berry quite small; very sweet and pleasant. Vine a fair grower, hardy and productive. Ripens ten days or two weeks before Concord. Recom- mended only for garden culture.
, Lady. White. Bunch medium, compact; berries large; skin thin. Vine only a moderate grower, but perfectly healthy and hardy,with Concord foliage, moderately productive, good, though not of best quality. Ripens very early; should be planted on rich Iand and given high culture. | Lady Washington. A late white Grape. Bunch very large, compact, double-shoul- dered; berries large, yellowish green, with thin white bloom; flesh tender, sweet, juicy. Vine vigorous, with large foliage. Ripens rather Jate for our latitude, but succeeds well in many localities in the South and Southwest.
Lindley (Rogers’ No. 9). Red. Bunch me- ‘dium, long, not usually shouldered; berries large; flesh tender, sweet, with high aromatic
[14
Eaton Grapes (see page 11)
Lindley Grapes (see page 14)
/
flavor, of best quality; a good keeper, with firm, tough skin; ripens with Delaware. Vine healthy, vigorous and hardy. One of the best of Rogers’ hybrids. It succeeds well n some parts of the South. Requires long pruning ard not too rich soil.
Lucile. Red. Bunch and berry medium to large; skin thin, but tough, bright color. Good shipper; flesh pulpy; quality fair, foxy. Ex- ceedingly productive.
Lutie. Dark red. Bunch and berry me-
' dium to large; skin tough and thick; flesh
Moore’s Early.
pulpy, sweet and quite foxy; quality only fair. Vine hardy, vigorous and productive. It sells well as an early red Grape, ripening about with
Martha.
White, sometimes turning pale
yellow when fully ripe. Bunch medium, com-
<.
pact, shouldered; berries medium; skin thin, tender; flesh very sweet; quality good as Con- cord. Vine healthy and hardy, similar to Con- cord in appearance and habit, although not quite so strong a grower. Ripens with Concord.
Massasoit (Rogers’ No. 3). Red. Bunch large, compact, shouldered; berries large; skin thm, very tender; flesh tender, sweet, without pulp, delicious, with agreeable aroma; very early. Vine vigorous, healthy, hardy and moderately productive. One of the earliest of the Rogers’ varieties.
McPike. A seedling of Worden, which it resembles in color, quality and time of ripen- ing. Bunch large; berries very large, an inch or more In diameter; too large and soft for distant markets. Similar m fruit and growth of vine to Eaton.
Merrimac (Rogers’ No. 19). Black. Bunch very large, shouldered, compact; berries large; flesh sweet, tender, good. Vine a good grower,
hardy and productive. It strongly resembles Wilder (Rogers’ No. 4).
Missouri Reisling. Greenish white, be- coming pale red when fully ripe. Bunch me- dium, compact; berry medium; flesh tender, Juicy and sweet; makes a white wine of high quality. Vine hardy, healthy and very produc- tive. Ripens a little later than the Catawba.
Moore’s Early. Black. Bunch rarely
shouldered, not quite so large as Concord;
17]
berries larger and very much like it in flavor and quality. Vine a moderate grower, very healthy and hardy; foliage thick, leathery, somewhat resembling Concord, except on the under side, which is covered with a yellowish brown down. Produces a fair and, with high cultivation, a heavy.crop. Ripens so early as to be nearly out of market before the popular Concord is ripe and is, therefore, a very de- sirable early market variety. Succeeds best on rich soil.
'. Moyer. Canada.
A red Grape that originated in It resembles Delaware in foliage,
habit of growth, appearance and quality of fruit, but Is more vigorous in growth. The clusters, however, are quite small and some- times imperfect; berries a little larger than Delaware. Ripens about with Moore’s Early, and ts chiefly valuable for its earlmess.
Vergennes Grapes (see page 19)
Niagara Grapes
‘ Niagara. White. Bunch very large and handsome, often shouldered, compact; berries large, round; skin thin, tough, does not crack, and carries well; has not much pulp when fully ripe; melting, sweet, with a flavor and aroma peculiarly its own, and agreeable to most tastes; ripens with Concord, sometimes a little earlier. Vine very vigorous and productive,
succeeding well both North and South; is very largely planted by vineyardists.
VY Norton (Norton’s Virginia). Black. Bunch long, compact, shouldered; berries small; flesh tender, melting, without pulp, and vinous; ripens too late for many northern localities, but is very highly esteemed in the South and Southwest, and considered one of the best and
[18
most reliable red wine Grapes. Vine a healthy, vigorous grower, hardy and productive. V Perkins. Pale red when fully ripe. Bunch medium to large, shouldered, compact; berries medium; skin thick; flesh sweet, juicy, but foxy; ripens early, before Concord. Vine very vigorous, hardy, healthy and productive.
\ Pocklington. Pale green, usually with tinge of golden yellow where exposed to the sun. Bunch large, very compact; berries very large, covered with a beautiful white bloom; flesh juicy, sweet, with considerable pulp. Foliage large, leathery, healthy. Vine a moderately good grower, but very healthy and very hardy. It produces a heavy crop of fine showy clusters.
\, Poughkeepsie Red. An early red Grape of superior quality, somewhat resembling Delaware, but with longer and more shouldered clusters. Vine a weak grower and not very healthy. Has fruited finely with us, but we would recommend it only for amateurs.
| Prentiss. Yellowish green, often with a rosy tint on side next the sun. Bunch medium to large; compact, not should- ered; berries medium to large; skin thin, but very firm; flesh tender, sweet, melt- ing, with very little pulp, juicy.
V Salem. Dark red. Bunch large, com- pact, shouldered; berries large, round; skin thick and firm; flesh very sweet, tender, with a rich aromatic flavor. Vine vigorous, hardy, healthy. Ripens earlier than Concord when thinned properly. A splendid keeper, good shipper and of ‘best quality for both table and wine:
\ Telegraph. Black. Bunch medium to large, compact, sometimes shouldered; berries medium; flesh sweet, juicy, with some pulp; quality fair; ripens early, before Concord.’ Vine healthy, hardy, very vigorous and productive.
/ Ulster Prolific. A red Grape of best quality. Bunch medium, not shouldered, compact; berries medium to large; skin thick and tough; ripens soon after Con- cord and keeps well. Vine a fair grower, hardy, healthy and productive.
19}
\/ Vergennes. A dark red Grape from Ver- mont. Bunch medium to large, not often shouldered, compact; berries large; skin very thick and firm; flesh sweet, juicy, with some pulp; quality best. Vine a vigorous grower, hardy, healthy, productive; inclined to over- bear and should be thmned; ripens with Con- cord. An excellent shipper and keeper; profit- able market variety.
Wilder (Rogers’ No. 4). Black. Bunch large, shouldered; berries large, skin thick and firm; flesh sweet, tender, with sprightly, pleasant flavor; a good keeper; ripens early or about with Concord. Vine a moderate grower, hardy, healthy and productive; popular for market.
Moore’s Early Grapes (see page 17)
/
Worden
Y Woodruff Red. A red Grape that originated
in Michigan. Bunch medium to large, short, compact; berry large; skin thick, of a beautiful bright red color, very handsome and attractive, making it a profitable market variety. Vine very vigorous, hardy, healthy and unusually productive. The fruit is of good quality though somewhat foxy; ripens about with Concord.
Grapes
’ Worden. Black. Bunch large, sometimes shouldered, compact; berries very large; skin thin. Superior to the Concord in the following points: It is better in quality, has a larger berry, 2 more compact and handsome cluster, and ripens five to ten days earlier. It fully equals Concord in vigor, health and product- iveness. In berry it is about the size of Moore’s
[ 20
Early, but of better quality, more vigorous and productive, and ripens but Iittle later. We recommend it strongly. It is perhaps not quite so good a shipper as Concord, but ships satis- factorily from western New York to the principal cities east and west.
/ Wyoming Red. A very early red Grape. Bunch small, compact and handsome; berry small to medium; skin bright red, thick, firm; fruit sweet, somewhat foxy, but agreeable to most tastes. Vine a very strong grower, very hardy and healthy: foliage small, thick and leathery. Its chief points of merit are its health and earliness. Should be pruned with long canes and given plenty of room, to secure good clusters and a good crop. When pruned close, it is apt to set imperfect clusters.
Varieties Recommended Only for Amateur Planting or for Special Purposes
The following list includes new and not sufficiently tested varieties, and those which are valuable only for special purposes, or in certain localities.
Amber Queen. Red. Bunch and berry medium to large, of fine quality; vine unhealthy, clusters often imperfect. Not recommended.
Berckmans. Red. Bunch and berry medium; quality very good; ripens about with Worden. A good amateur variety.
Beta. Bunch good size; compact; shouldered. Berry medium; skin thin and rather tough; pulp separates easily from seeds. Ripens early; fair quality; very hardy. Recommended for planting in the Northwestern States.
/ Colerain. White. Bunch and berry medium; skin thin and tender; flesh sweet, of good quality; ripens a little before Concord. Vine a good grower and productive.
./ Columbian. A large, showy, reddish ‘black Grape. Strong, healthy grower. Quality inferior and clusters uneven.
_/ Eclipse. Black. Vigorous, hardy; Yproduces fair crops; ripens before Hart- ford, quality only fair.
Esther. White. Bunch and berry large, early, of very good quality; vine only a fairly good grower.
Geneva. White. The bunches are ‘medium to large, loose, berry large; pulp tender, sweet; skin thick, tough; a good keeper, of fie quality. Ripens oo I about a week after Concord. Hardy. Diamond Grapes (see page 11)
5
/ Pocklington Craes (Ge page 19)
(22
\“Herbemont. Black. Bunch very large, shouldered, compact; berries small; ripens too late for the North, but is a valuable wine Grape in the South.
Hermann. Black. Bunch long, narrow; berries small, round, ripening very Iate. Vine vigorous, very productive. This is a seedling of Norton, and a valuable wine Grape in the Southern States.
‘Requa, Rog. 28. Red. Very similar to Lindley, but does not succeed so well.
In Praise of Our Grape-Vines
EL Centro, CAL., January 18, 1913. Gentlemen:—The Grape-vines you shipped De- cember 18 arrived and were opened today. They came in fine condition and are entirely satisfactory. I anticipate great pleasure in selling them to my customers. Respectfully, WILLIAM KELLEY.
DELAVAN, WIs., May 19, 1913.
Gentlemen:—You may be interested to know that the good goods you sold thirty-five years ago have brought you this order. I refer to your transac- tion with David Hent, whose granddaughter is my wife. He won good success with your Grape-vines. Yours truly, we,
H. D. Latimer. “ Woodruff Red Grapes (see page 20)
New Burnsipe, ILt., January 16, 1913. Dear sirs:—Three years ago we purchased from you two vines each of fifty varieties of Grape-vines Every one has proved true to name. Yours truly, W. J. CaspeEr.
Macon, Ga., December 9, 1912. Gentlemen:—The Grape-vines arrived all right and are well rooted. You keep up your reputation for growing well-rooted vines, as in the past. Yours respectfully, C. W. Morri_Lt.
Rareicn, N. C., March 11, 1913. Gentlemen:—We have bought of you for the past twenty years and you seem to improve with age. Your last shipment was as good, if not better than the first. Yours truly, Wuitinc Bros.
TreEviac, IND., January 28, 1913. Gentlemen:—The 1,500 Grape-vines which we obtained from you last year made a splendid growth and not a single vine failed to grow. Respectfully, BENJAMIN W. DouGLass.
MarTINSVILLE, Va., December 9, 1912.
My dear sir:—You sent me the finest lot of Grape-vines I ever bought and I have been buying trees and vines for many years. Very truly yours, W. M. Peyton.
23 J
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Small Fruits
N connection with our specialty, grape-vmes, we grow also a large stock of small-fruit plants of such varieties as have been tried and found valuable for profit in field culture, or desirable for the garden. We do not aim to fill our lists with all the novelties annually introduced, many of which prove worth- less or to be no Improvement on existing varieties, but add yearly all such as stand the test of trial and comparison with older varieties and prove of sufficient merit to warrant us offermg them to our customers. We are testing many varieties not named in this Catalogue, but which will be added when they have proved their claim to be worthy of general dissemmation; we have tried to present only sorts of substantial merit.
Currants
Plant m rows 6 feet apart, and 4 feet apart in the rows; or, if to be cultivated both ways, 5 feet apart each way.
Before planting, the roots should be pruned as described for grape-vines, and, in planting, the same care should be taken to firm the earth about the roots.
After planting, cut back the tops about one-half the previous year’s growth. In market plantations, the bush form of growmg the plants is found most profitable. For the first five or six years after setting, a few inches of the new wood, or current year’s growth, should be cut off each fall. If this is not done, the result will be a tall, barren stem with but few fruit-buds. No plant will better repay generous treatment and high cultivation than the Currant. Two or three forkfuls of good stable manure around each bush every fall is desirable. If this cannot be readily obtained, an experienced grower recommends the following special fertilizer:
Pure eround “bones cat 6 ear ea eee cae eee ore eter 600 pounds Muriate:.of spotashe 2 ois. ee eee as eae nine te See ES DX) Nitrate sof ssodace sper c yal cin aks ia iain a ore ce OERURM ROMT CRD an gCnen ED lg TY 15020
Apply the above, thoroughly mixed, to each acre every spring, sowing It broad- cast and cultivating It in. Red Currants
Cherry. Bush vigorous, stocky and com- (/ Fay (Fay’s Prolific). Bush vigorous but not pact. Clusters rather short, with short stems; quite so strong a grower as Cherry. Clusters fruit averages large; color fine, biight red; medium to long, with rather Jong stems; color thin-skinned, juicy and fine-flavored. One of darker than Cherry; berries average large; the most productive of the large Currants. juicy and less acid than Cherry.
[ 24
OP Ao Rese? B
| cy Spr ? s |
VY Long-bunched Holland. Bush very vig- bronze-green. Clusters above medium length; orous and hardy. Clusters long; berries me- berries medium or above, bright red, with mild dium to large; quality good. One of the best acid pulp. Very productive.
late varieties. \/ Wilder (President Wilder). Bush upright, \/ London Red (London Market). Bush vig- vigorous. Clusters above medium length; ber- orous, upright. Clusters short; fruit medium ries averaging large; bright red; excellent, with to large; color dark red, with sprightly acid a mild subacid flavor. Ripens early and re- flavor. Very productive. mains bright and firm until very late. Because
V Moore’s Ruby. Bush upright, strong- of Its exceedingly vigorous growth, great pro- growing. Clusters medium to large; berries ductiveness, high quality, and remaining good
above medium, juicy, sweet and good; clear ‘°° long after ripening, we recommend this as ruby-color one of the best Red Currants. Is being very
RG tee Sears Te much We very. vigorous, largely planted by the best fruit zrowers.
upright, somewhat spreading. Clusters me- dium length; berries vary from small to me- dium or above; dark red; comparatively mild acid. Hardy and productive.
Perfection. Bush vigorous, hardy and very productive. Berries larger than Cherry or Fay, with larger clusters; color bright red; rich, mild subacid; plenty of pulp with few seeds. It is a cross between Fay’s Prolific and
White Grape.
Vv Ponoma. Very vigorous and hardy. Clus- ters medium length; berries medium size, clear, - bright red, almost transparent, very sweet, of fine quality; ripens early and remains in sood condition a long time.
/ Prince Albert. Bush vigorous, very up- right in habit. Clusters short to medium; ber- ries medium to large, pale red; skin thin; juicy, of high flavor. Immensely productive. A late variety, highly valued at canneries because of Its good size, thin skin and large amount of highly flavored juice.
Red Cross. A _ strong-growing variety. Clusters long; berries medium to large, bright red; quality good to best. Very productive and hardy.
.f Red Dutch. An old and_ well-known standard variety. Bush a strong, tall, upright grower. Clusters average about 3 inches long; berries medium im size, dark red; sprightly sub- acid flavor. Productive.
Vv Versailles (La Versailles). Bush a vigor- ous, somewhat spreading grower; similar to Cherry’ in habit of growth and character of fruit.
\/ Victoria (Raby Castle). Bush a very “strong, upright grower; foliage rather pale
Zon
Perfection Currants
inet We y} el Cee); AO O64 REEL og us Jan Je YiEss4 — w tw, LE 7 “es Zax —_—— Sy x zs YY 2
White Grape. Bush vigorous, somewhat spreading, productive. Clusters Jong; berries large to very large, averaging large; of very attractive color, mild flavor and good quality. A good table variety.
White Imperial. Bush vigorous and very productive. Clusters large; berries very large, sweet and most delicious. This is the best of | the White Currants.
| \ White Transparent. Large; bunches long; fine quality, milder than White Dutch or _ White Grape.
Black Currants
Black Champion. Bush vigorous and productive. Fruit averages above medium; pulp nearly sweet, mild-flavored. A desirable variety for general culture.
/ Black Naples. Bush very vigorous, up- me right, moderately productive. Fruit varies , from small to large, averaging above medium; pulp acid, with strong flavor. An old and well- known variety. \/ Black Victoria. The bush is a strong, vig- . orous grower, and very productive. Fruit ) very large, of fine flavor. A new variety from
6.4 England.
“VY Boskoop Giant. Bush strong grower; pro- ductive. Fruit rich, sweet flavor, ripens evenly and hangs well on bushes for a long time after ripening in good condition; firm, pulpy flesh, making It well adapted to canning and ship- ping. The largest and best of all black va- rieties.
V Lee’s Prolific. The bush is rather short,
dwartfish, moderately vigorous and productive;
Wilder Currants (see page 25)
White Currants
White Dutch. Bush an upright grower, vigorous and very productive. Clusters 2 to 3 inches long; berries of medium size, are translucent, and a little darker than White Grape; quality excellent. Ripens early. The plant is thoroughly hardv.
the fruit varies from small to very large; acid.
/ Prince of Wales. Bush vigorous and very productive. The fruit varies from small to large, is mild flavored and nearly sweet when fully ripe.
Buy the strongest roots you can procure, and you get not only quick results, but satisfaction
as well.
Currants and Gooseberries make splendid jellies and preserves.
grow, and fruit early.
They are not hard to
[ 26
Gooseberries
Plant in the same manner as described for currants, and give the same annual liberal application of manure or fertilizer. The American varieties will need close pruning every year; the English varieties need Iittle or no pruning.
American
'’ Chautauqua. Bush very vigorous, stout, upright; foliage large, glossy, dark green. Fruit large, smooth, veined, translucent; skin thick; quality very sweet and high-flavored. Hardy and productive.
“ Columbus. Bush a strong, robust grower; foliage large and glossy. Fruit large, oval; skin greenish yellow, smooth; of the highest quality.
Downing. Bush vigorous and very pro- ductive. Fruit medium to large; skin whitish green; flesh soft, juicy. Perfectly hardy under all conditions. Excellent for family use and very profitable for market.
\/ Golden Prolific. Bush a good grower, hardy and productive. Fruit large, golden yellow; excellent.
Houghton. Bush a vigorous grower, with rather slender branches; very productive. Fruit medium size, pale red, tender and good. An old, reliable variety, which retains its popularity mm spite of the new ones.
Pearl. Bush moderately vigorous; im- mensely productive. Fruit about the size of Downing, of fine quality.
Red Jacket (Josselyn). Bush vigorous, up- right and productive. Fruit varies in size from medium to above medium. Color pale red. Resembles Houghton, but the fruit is larger.
\Y Smith’s (Smith’s Improved). Bush mod- erately vigorous and exceedingly productive. Absolutely hardy under all conditions. Fruit large, pale greenish yellow, moderately firm and sweet; fine for table use.
Y Triumph. Bush a good grower, hardy and very productive. Fruit large, golden yel- low; of good quality.
25M)
English
/ Crown Bob. Large, roundish oval, red,
hairy, of fine quality.
Industry. The most successful of the Eng- lish varieties. The bush is strong, upright, immensely productive. Berries of the largest size, dark red, of excellent quality.
Keepsake. Fruit very large, straw-col- ored, of excellent flavor. Very productive, and one of the earliest to ripen.
Lancashire Lad. Fruit smooth, bright red, very large, of fine quality. Bush a strong grower and productive.
Whitesmith. Large, roundish oval, yel- lowish white, nearly smooth, of first quality.
é -VSH (VZZ F(Z in SY Ue [is Nal aathete pron | NS PUD EEE iodpn JAN EINE ot SES aide at SS 3 a WY O» Raspberries
bone are the best fertilizers.
of the sorts.
7 ASPBERRIES succeed well on any good land suitable for corn or wheat, but amply repay high cultivation. Well-rotted stable manure or ground
Red and yellow varieties should be planted m rows 6 feet apart and 3 feet apart in the rows; black- and purple-cap varieties 7 feet apart and 3 feet in the rows. This will require about 2,400 plants to the acre for the former and 2,100 for the latter. Close planting is not advisable for any
Cut out all old wood as soon as the canes have done bearmg—to give more vigor to the young canes. Blackcap varieties should be planted only m the spring.
Red
Cuthbert. Deep, rich crimson, large to very large, very firm. One of the very best market varieties. Season medium to late. A remarkably strong, hardy and productive va- riety.
Herbert. Bright red, large to very large, somewhat oblong, moderately firm, juicy, fine in flavor and quality. Very vigorous, hardy and productive. Originated in Ottawa, Canada.
Loudon. Dark crimson, large, firm, of good quality. The best midseason market variety. Vigorous, hardy and productive.
Marlboro. Light ciimson, large, very firm, and of good quality. A fme early market va- riety; vigorous and productive.
Miller. Bright red, large, round, of fine quality. One of the firmest and best shippers for early market. Vigorous, hardy and im- mensely productive.
/ St. Regis. New Raspberry, said to fruit the same year planted. Everbearmg, large size, firm, productive, good shipper, fine
quality. Black and Purple
Black Diamond. New. Large as Gregg. Ripens with Kansas. Hardy and productive; strong grower; highly recommended.
Columbian. Dull purple, very large, moderately firm. A good market berry and one of the best for canning. Bush remarkably strong and wonderfully productive.
{/ Cumberland. Black. Very large; very
* smmilar to Gregg in quality and firmness; in hardiness and productiveness it 1s unexcelled. One of the best midseason market varieties, and very popular.
.’ Gregg. Black. Has been for many years the leading market berry. Large, firm, of good quality, ripening late. Exceedingly productive.
Kansas. Black. Berries as large as Gregg and of better color; little bloom; of best qual- ity; ripens early. The plant is a strong grower and productive. | Palmer. Black. Berries of medium size. Very early and productive. 17 Plum Farmer. New. Large, black. Hardy and productive; good quality. Strong grower, healthy, hardy. Best of the new sorts.
wa /
Yellow
“ Golden Queen. Large, golden yellow, of fine quality. Very hardy and productive; succeeds almost anywhere, and Is a most de- sirable berry, bringing good prices in the market.
We are owners of the largest single tract of land in America planted exclusively to
Grape-Vines, Currants and Gooseberries,
| 28
Blackberries
LACKBERRIES require the same treatment as raspberries, and should be
Agawam. Medium size, jet- black, sweet and tender to the core. One of the best for home use or home market. Very hardy, healthy and productive, and one of the most satisfactory varie- ties to grow.
v Ancient Briton. Of medium size and best quality; immensely productive. Extremely hardy, enduring severe winters without injury. A reliable market variety.
V Blowers. A new variety. Large, glossy, black; fme quality; quite acid, ripens early and continues a long time in season. The fruit resembles Wilson’s Early in appearance.
V Eldorado. Large, coal-black, sweet, melt- ing, without hard core. Vigorous, hardy and very productive. Fine market variety.
Vv Early Harvest. Medium; glossy black, of excellent quality; ripens very early and ships well; compact,.dwarf grower. Very productive but not very hardy.
4 Snyder Blackberry
29 |
planted the same distance apart.
V Erie. Very large, round, of fine quality when fully ripe; ripens a little later than Early Harvest. Vigorous and productive.
Y Iceberg. Originated by Luther Burbank,
who has produced so many new frutts of world- wide fame and value. A snowy white Black- berry, as large as Lawton, early, sweet, tender, and melting throughout. Very productive but not very hardy. Canes should be laid down and covered during the winter, in the Northern States for best results.
Kittatinny. Large, long, glossy black of most excellent quality and fime flavor. A popular variety, but requires protection in severe climates.
t“ Mersereau. Medium to large, juicy, mildly sweet when fully ripe, sprightly, good flavor and quality. The bush ts vigorous, hardy and productive.
¥
\- Minnewaski. Large, roundish to slightly -elongated, sweet and juicy when fully ripe fine flavor and quality. Canes vigorous, quite hardy and productive.
“ Rathbun. Very large, jet-black, firm enough to ship and handle well, of best qual- Ity. Forms a compact bush 4 to 5 feet high. Very productive and hardy; will root from tips of canes.
Stone’s Hardy. Medium size, juicy, sweet,
of fine flavor and good quality. Canes upright, rather slender. The bush is very hardy and
. productive.
,/ Snyder. Of medium size and fair quality when well ripened. The most popular Black- berry in this state. Ripens early; Is very pro- ductive and very hardy and always brings good prices in market.
Y Taylor. Very hardy, as productive as Snyder; the Iong, thimble-like fruit is borne n immense clusters of the very best quality and flavor. Ripens about two weeks later than Snyder.
/ Wachusett. Medium size, roundish, juicy, sweet, good flavor and quality. Canes very hardy, moderately vigorous, with small, scat- tering prickles.
(/ Ward. Large, Iong, jet-black, tender, melting, without core, best quality. A new variety with strong, sturdy canes. The plant is absolutely hardy, withstanding without in- jury the severest winters, vigorous in growth and bearing annually very heavy crops of Its splendid berries.
X
Eldorado Blackberry (see page 29)
ra
* Lucretia.
Wilson. Large, very early, sweet and de- liclous; ripens evenly and holds its color well. A strong grower and very productive, but re- quires winter protection.
DEWBERRY
A low-growing, trailing black- berry. Large; soft, sweet, of very good quality, with no hard core. The plant is quite hardy and, under favorable conditions, very - pro- ductive. Earlter than the upright varieties.
The Grape-Vines we offer are the best rooted and most vigorous that can be grown, and come
into fruiting in the shortest time possible after planting.
[ 30
Strawberries
TRAWBERRIES do well on almost any soil, provided it 1s well drained, deeply worked and well manured. Thoroughly rotted stable manure ts the ideal fertilizer, but, where this is not available, nitrate of soda, dried blood, bone meal, muriate of potash, kainit and wood ashes are all excel- lent. For field culture set In rows 3 to 4 feet apart, and 15 to 18 inches apart in the rows; In the garden the rows may be nearer together. Early spring is the best time for setting plants.
Varieties with imperfect or pistillate flowers are marked “P,”’ those
with perfect or staminate flowers are marked “S.’ Where pistillate varieties are planted, every third or fourth row should be of some staminate variety that blossoms at the same time, in order to produce plenty of pollen to fertilize the imperfect flowers
of the pistillate varieties.
.“ Bubach. (P.) Large, early, remaining good a long time; color bright scarlet; productive; largely grown for market.
~~ Brandywine. (S.) Large, midseason to late, of excellent quality, dark glossy red; vig- orous and productive.
Y Clyde. (S.) Large, firm, of regular, coni- cal shape; light scarlet. Early to midseason; healthy and very productive.
if Dunlap. (S.) Vigorous, productive; good flavor; good canner and fine shipper. Ripens midseason.
(S.)
Excelsior. Very early, of good size, cone-shaped; bright scarlet. Ripens evenly. VY Gandy. (S.) Large, late, firm, bright crim- son; very uniform im size and shape. Vigorous and productive.
v Glen Mary. (S.) Large to very large, often flattened, deep red, of unusually good quality; season medium to late. Very productive and vigorous.
~ Haverland. (P.) Medium to large, long, conical, of fair quality; rather soft, but a pop-
_ ular market berry.
Jessie. (S.) Large, dark red; very popular where it succeeds. An excellent fertilizer for Bubach and other early-blooming kinds.
“ Michel’s Early. (S.) Medium size; similar to Crescent, but some days earlier and firmer. 31]
Y Nick Ohmer. (S.) Very large, dark red, uniformly roundish conical, of excellent qual- ity; very healthy, vigorous and productive.
v Parsons’ Beauty. (S.) Very large, of high quality, deep red; midseason. Hardy and vigorous.
, Sample. (P.) Large to very large; deep glossy red, firm flesh, fine quality; very pro- ductive. Midseason to late.
| William Belt. (S.) Large to very large, conical, bright scarlet, firm, of good quality; very vigorous, healthy and productive. A fme market berry.
Sample Strawberry
One a our Grape Vineyards
Suggestions to Planters LOCATION AND EXPOSURE FOR VINEYARDS
HE best location for a vineyard ts on soil naturally dry or artificially drained.
Grape-vines thrive best on either gravelly, sandy or clay soils, or
a combination of these. They succeed best on high, dry ground, having enough slope to carry off all surplus water. In northern latitudes, away from large bodies of fresh water, an eastern or southern exposure Is pref- erable. Near a large river or lake, an exposure facing the water is usually most desirable.
A location giving a free circulation of air 1s very desirable, as in such oe there ts less liability to mildew of foliage or rotting of the fruit,—to both of which diseases many varieties of grapes are subject.
Where the formation of the Iand will permit, it 1s best to plant the rows so that they will be parallel with the direction of the prevailing winds of summer and autumn, as this will permit the wind to blow unobstructedly between the rows, rather than against them.
PREPARATION OF SOIL
The only necessary preparation of the soil is to thoroughly plow and pulverize it to a depth of 10 to 12 inches. If m sod, it should be summer-fallowed m August or September preceding planting, and again plowed at the time of planting. At this last plowing many of our best vineyardists plow the ground into lands equal in width to
2
the distance apart the rows are to be planted, and plant the vies in the dead fur- rows. This saves a large amount of labor in digging the holes.
If the soil is naturally poor, give a liberal application of thoroughly rotted stable manure, or raw bone meal, about 600 pounds to the acre, with about 300 pounds mu- riate of potash, or two tons of good, unleached hard-wood ashes. Some planters put manure or fertilizer in the hole when planting, which ts recommended, and helps the vines to make a strong, vigorous growth.
PLANTING
When the land has thus been thoroughly pre- pared and is ready to plant, stake out the ground in rows 8 feet apart, and 6 to 8 or 10 feet mm the rows. The strong-growmg varieties should be given more space than is necessary for the weaker- growing kinds.
Dig the holes 12 to 15 inches wide and 15 inches deep, loosening the earth thoroughly in the bottom and throwing in 2 or 3 inches of surface soil.
When the land has been plowed in the manner indicated above, and the planting ts done in the dead furrows, much less labor is required in dig- ging the holes. All that Is necessary Is to remove the subsoil and fill mm 2 or 3 inches of surface soil. Before planting, the tops should be cut back to withm two or three buds of the previous year’s growth, and the roots to 6 to 8 inches in Iength, being kept constantly moist. Spread the roots horizontally in the bottom of the hole, m as nearly a natural position as possible. Cover with good, fine, surface soil 2 or 3 inches deep, then step mto the hole and firm the earth thoroughly. Now put on your fertilizer, and then fill the hole full, treading it the second time, and finish with sufficient earth to cover the vine, so that only one or two buds will be above the surface. The last filling should not be trodden, but be left Ioose, to act as mulch. This firming or treading the soil is very essential to success, and should never be neglected. When planted im dead furrows, most of the filling can be done with a plow, turning a back furrow against the vines, at the same time filling the dead furrow; but the treading and firming should be done as above.
If the tops of the vines are below the general surface of the ground, the hole may remain partly unfilled in the shape of a basin, to be filled in as growth progresses. 33 ]
Grape Roots
Deep planting is recommended both for the North and South, as it insures a tier of roots so far below the surface that there is little danger of injury by freezing m the North, or of burning or scalding when the soil becomes very hot on the surface, as it sometimes does in the South.
If the vines are to be trained to stakes instead of a trellis, as is sometimes done in the South, they may be planted 6 feet apart each way; but the planting should be per- formed in the method described above, except that if a plow be used the furrows may be opened at right angles to each other, and the vines planted at the intersections. In garden or amateur planting, the method of digging the holes and firming the soil about the roots, as described above, should always be followed.
CULTIVATION
During the first summer after plantimg, cultivate the soil thoroughly and hoe frequently about the vines, allowing no weeds to grow. Stirring the ground frequently, especially in dry weather, acts as a stimulant to growth, the finely pulverized soil forming the best kind of mulch. Peas, beans, early potatoes or other small crops may be grown between the rows the first year. It is not necessary or advisable to tie up the young canes the first summer; let them lie on the ground. In the fall, after the foliage has fallen, cut the new growth back to two or three eyes, after which plow between the rows, turning the furrows together over the rows, and if m the North, where there ts danger of injury by freezing, make a small mound of earth over each vine, first pla- cing a small stake near It, so that 1t may easily be found and uncovered in the spring. By this simple method surface drainage ts effected, and the roots and tops thoroughly protected during the winter.
In the spring, as soon as the frost is out of the ground, remove the earth over the canes, and, when the new shoots are 2 or 3 inches long, rub off all but the two strongest, which should be left to form canes, to be tied to the trellis the followmg spring. If to be trained to stakes, but one cane should be Ieft. Cultivation the second summer should be the same as the first. As growth progresses, the canes may be trained along the rows on the ground, or, if the trellis is put up, they may be tied to the wires.
CONSTRUCTION OF TRELLIS
The trellis may be put up early m the spring of the second year, though it 1s not necessary until the third year after planting. Some vineyardists set the posts and put on the lower wire the second spring, tying the canes to it as they grow large enough during the summer; but this is not essential.
Posts should be 8 to 9 feet Jong; the end posts about 5 to 6 inches in diameter at the small end, and the intermediate posts or stakes 3 to 5 inches. Holes about 31% feet
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Trellis and vines tied to lower wire second season after planting
deep should be dug for the end posts, and the posts carefully set with a slight inclina- tion outward from the row. The mtermediate posts should be from 24 to 30 feet apart, according to the distance apart of the vines, allowing three vines between each two posts, and may be set in holes, or the lower ends may be sharpened and driven into holes made with a large iron bar. If the end posts are large enough, no bracing Is necessary; but, if braces are needed, they may be made of 3 x 4 or 4x 4 scantling, 12 feet long, one end resting in a notch near the top of the post, the other agamst a stout stake driven firmly into the ground in a Iine with the row. The lower end of the brace should rest on a flat stone, to keep it off the ground and prevent rotting.
The lower wire should be 21% feet from the ground, the upper wire 5 feet. In put- ting up the wires, they should be fastened to the end posts by winding them twice around, and twisting the end around the horizontal wire, and to the intermediate posts by 14-inch staples. The wires should be straightened, but not drawn very tight, as there will be less danger of breaking or pulling out of posts by contraction. The materials required for one acre of vines are about 180 posts and 8 stakes (use the largest ones for end posts), 500 pounds of No. 9 wire, 3 pounds of 114-inch staples for fasten- Ing wires.
PRUNING AND TRAINING
THE RENEWAL System. There are several good systems of pruning and training, each of which has its merits and advocates. A simple method, largely practised in west- ern New York and Ohio, is known as the renewal system. It consists stmply in cutting out nearly all the old bearing wood every fall to within 2 or 3 inches of the crown, leav- Ing on strong vines three or four canes of the current year’s growth, which have grown from spurs left for the purpose at the previous year’s pruning. Cut each of these canes back to 3 or 4 feet in length, tying them fan-shaped to the wires the following spring, as shown in Fig. 1.
The letters a a a a show where the old canes are cut off. The strongest canes 35
ASF) ae ’ ree - Ai ry ae Waste YS 8 @ } \ 4, Nee \ ess a0 AN ( ad 4 Y Les ¢ eS = ry e 8 Ze LES AY SS 2: 2
growing from these spurs should be tied to the trellis durmg the summer, and all weak and useless shoots rubbed off. Suckers starting below the crown or from old wood do not make good bearing canes and should not be used.
Tue Horizontat Arm System is also largely used, and is thus described: When the vine is set out, it should be cut back to two or three eyes, as in Fig. 2. But one cane should be allowed to grow the first season; this may be tied to a stake or allowed to run on the ground. In the fall it should be cut back to 3 feet in length, as in Fig. 3. In the spring tie the top of this cane to the lower wire of the trellis, allowimg only the two upper buds to grow, and rubbing off all other eyes that start. Then two canes may be allowed to run on the lower wire, or tied to the upper wires if they have been put on the posts. In the fall cut these arms back to about 3 feet each, tymg them the following spring to the lower wire, as m Fig. 4. When the shoots get well started in the spring, rub off all on the under side and save only three of the upper ones on each arm, leaving them 10 to 12 inches apart. As these grow, train the two end shoots to the lower wire to complete the arms, and let the others grow over the wires, as in Fig. 5. In the fall cut these canes back at the cross-marks in Fig. 5.
The vine is now properly formed and the method of pruning is very simple and easy, bemg the same year after year, a new cane bemg grown each summer from the spur at a Fig to replace the bearing cane which Is to be cut off in the fall. If the vines have not made a strong growth the first year, they should be cut back and treated the second year the same as the first.
THe KNIFFIN System.—Another method, known as the Kniffin System, requires but two wires. A smgle cane is grown to the upper wire. All buds are broken from this except four, just two below each wire. As these grow, they are fastened to the wire, one in each direction, forming four arms, as in Fig. 6. In the fall these arms are cut back to four to eight buds. In the spring these arms are firmly tied to the wire, and the growth from each bud allowed to hang down, as in Fig. 7. Future pruning con- sists In simply cuttmg back these canes to within one or two buds of the main arms, as shown by the cross marks in Fig. 7.
There are many modifications of this system. In the Trunk System two canes [ 36
are grown, one to the lower, the other to the upper wire, and the same method of training and prun- ing 1s followed as above.
Tue UmBretia System, where the main cane Is tied to each wire, and two arms with ten to fifteen buds each grown at the upper wire, and none at the lower. These arms are tied near their base to the upper wire, then dropped over and the ends tied to the lower wire, the arms extending about halfway between this and the next vine on each side. These arms are pruned each year the same as in Fig. 7.
THe OvERHEAD OR ARBOR SYSTEM Is formed by spiking cross-bars 3 feet long to the tops of the posts 6 feet high. Three wires are fast- ened equidistant on these cross-bars and stretched the length of the rows. The trunk cane is grown without branches to the center wire, and six arms are trained, one in each direction on each wire.
THE Post or STakE SystemM.—In the South the Pest or Stake System is very popular. A post or stake is set firmly in the ground at each vme. The cane-renewal system of pruning, as described at Fig. 1, is used. Only one cane ts allowed to grow each year. A cane of the previous year’s growth is wound tightly from right to left around the stake, the upper end being fastened with a wire nail or some other means, near the top of the stake, as in Fig. 8. This forms the bearmg cane for the year, and at the same time a new cane Is allowed to grow at will from the spur near the ground, to form the bearing cane for the following year.
1. Me we! a
SimpLE Metuop oF GrAPE-ITRAINING.—So much has been written on this subject and so many complicated methods set forth that the essential pomts are \ lost sight of, and those who cannot follow these methods to the letter just let the vineyard go without care.
tree or vine which may be handled so systematically as the Grape. It is not enough to cut away half or two-thirds of the growth, for unless you have a | proper knowledge of the fruit-bearing canes, you may cut away the very ones you ought to leave.
In the first place Iet us understand that some of the canes will produce fruit-buds next year, while others will only make more wood, and it is necessary to pay very close attention to this pot.
37 |
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It is not at all difficult to determme between the two. The fruit-canes have the buds close together, and these buds are short and plump. Such canes usually come from wood of the previous season’s growth, while the long-jomnted and unfrurtful canes come from older wood.
Let us remember, however, that these long-jomted canes in their turn produce fruit-bearing canes next year, and one or two bud-spurs should be left on them, for the vineyardist must look a year ahead.
The time for pruning Grape-vines Is any time from the fallmg of the leaves in the fall till the sap rises in the spring.
FRUITING
The second year, no fruit should remain on the vines. The third year, strong vines with good culture ought to produce three to four pounds each; the following year they should produce a good crop. But vines of weaker growth will not do this. Care must be taken not to allow the vines to overbear, or they may be so injured as never to recover. Three or four tons per acre is a full average crop for the strongest growers, although good vineyards often produce without injury five or six tons per acre. The less the number of clusters this weight can be put into, the more satisfactory will be the money return from the crop. Hence it is well to thm the fruit, picking off the smallest and poorest clusters.
There is always a demand for strictly fine fruit at good prices.
We do not advise summer pruning further than pinching off or rubbing out weak and useless laterals and shoots. Leaves are the laboratories of the growmg vines; in them is perfected the food which produces the growth of both wood and fruit. Severe summer pruning, removing a large amount of foliage, weakens the vine, reduces the size of the fruit, retards its ripening, and checks the growth of the root. Where more than one shoot starts from a bud, tt ts well to rub off the weaker one before it is more than 2 to 6 inches long. When particularly fine clusters are desired, the ends of the canes may be pinched off and stopped when growth has progressed to four or five leaves from the last cluster, and thereafter the ends of all laterals pmched off as soon as one or two leaves are formed. Superfluous suckers that start below the crown of the vine should be broken out before much growth has taken place.
GARDEN OR AMATEUR PLANTING
What we have said in reference to vineyard planting and cultivation is equally applicable to garden cultivation, except that the pruning and traming may take any form which suits the fancy or necessity of the planter. Vines will do well trained to stakes or fences, on walls, trees, sides of buildings or arbors.
[38
CITY AND SUBURBAN HOME GROUNDS
may be greatly improved at small expense by planting a few Grape-vines around the
An inexpensive but attractive Grape-arbor
house and yard. The foliage adds beauty and grace to the surround- ings, while fresh Grapes will supply the table. Prune thoroughly each year, So as to preserve an equilibrium between root and top, or the vines will overbear. In other words, no more bearing canes should be left than the roots can sustain in a vigorous growth of new shoots. Grapes are easily grown and should be in every garden.
Collections
We recommend the following collections for the home garden, and have selected varieties that succeed well generally and ripen from early until late.
Collection No. 1. Cost $1.25
12 Grape-Vines, all different kinds. Brack— Concord, Campbell’s Early, Moore’s Early, Worden. REp—Agawam, Brighton, Delaware, Catawba. WuirE—Diamond, Niagara, Pock- lington.
Six vines, your selection of varieties, for 75 cts.
Collection No. 2. Cost $2.50
12 Grape-Vines, same as above. 6 Currants, two each Fay’s, President Wilder, White Grape. 6 Gooseberries, two each Downing, Red Jacket, Houghton.
Will furnish one half of Collection No. 2 for $1.50
Collection No. 3. Cost $5
24 Grape-Vines—3 Concord, 2 Green Mountain, 2 Brighton, 2 Agawam, 3 Niagara, 2 Moore’s Early, 2 Delaware, 1 Campbell’s, 2 Moyer, 2 Worden, 2 Catawba, 1 Pocklington.
12 Currants—3 Fay’s, 3 Perfection, 3 Black Champion, 3 White Grape.
6 Gooseberries—2 Downing, 2 Houghton, 2 Red Jacket.
12 Blackberries—6 Eldorado, 6 Snyder.
12 Black Raspberries.—6 Kansas, Farmer.
12 Red Raspberries—6 Cuthbert, 6 St. Regis.
6 Yellow Raspberries—Golden Queen.
Will furnish one haii of Collection No. 3 for $3
6 Plum
The vines we furnish in the above collections are not small vines, but are the strongest and best- rooted that can be grown, and they will come into fruiting in the shortest time possible after planting. Prices on other kinds described in this Catalogue will be found in Price-List enclosed.
39]
AWARDS
It has not been our custom to enter large exhibits in competition for prizes at the national and state exhibitions, yet we have been awarded
The Wilder Silver Medal by the American Pomological Society, for the “largest and best collection of native Grapes,’”’ at Boston, Massachusetts, 1881.
Silver Medal by the American Horticultural Society, at St. Louis, Missouri, 1882, for the “largest and best collection of native Grapes’—where we exhibited 135 varieties.
Wilder Medal and First Prize in Money by the American Pomological Society, at Boston, Massachusetts, 1887, for the “‘Iargest and best collection of Grapes’ —where we exhibited 165 varieties, the largest number ever entered by one exhibitor.
Silver Medal by the Pan-American Exposition, at Buffalo, New York, 1901, where we exhibited a large collection of the leading varieties.
Silver Medal by the Louisiana Purchase Exposition, at St. Louis, Mo., 1904. Gold Medal by the Massachusetts Horticultural Society, Oct. 10, 1907.
Cet. hsgbe.
st
J. Horace McFaritanp Company, HortTicuLTURAL PRINTERS, HARRISBURG, Pa.
ORDER SHEET
Read carefully the remarks on first page of Price List before Making cut Your Order eS SSS
. Date T. S. HUBBARD CO., Freponia, N.Y.
‘
19f
For amount enclosed, $ send me by
the Grape-vines and Plants designated below:
(Write here, ‘‘Freight,’’ ‘‘Express,’’ or ‘‘Use your discretion’’,
Name , Post Office County
State
Express or Freight Station
We never substitute unless so instructed, but if the varieties or sizes are exhausted we advise permitting us to do so, but will refund the money sent, instead of substituting, if so requested.
Do you wish us to substitute to the best of our judgment in case any varieties or sizes ordered should be exhausted? Write YES or NO.
Please write plainly the ‘‘Quantity,” ‘‘Full Name of Variety,’ ‘‘Price’’? and ‘‘Amount.’? Extra Order Sheets furnished on application. }
Remittances can be made by Draft (on New York or Chicago), Money Order, Prepaid Express or Registered Letter.
QUANTITY FULL NAME OF VARIETY aCe ADE. | PRICE | AMOUNT
—. | sh
—_——$—$—$<$<<— fF EEE =n
SSS ————= <<
Se ee
PRICE AMOUNT
AGE AND GRADE
FULL NAME OF VARIETY
QUANTITY
Spraying Calendar
The necessity of spraying is acknowledged by all authorities as being one of the requirements of successful fruit-growing. Spraying not only insures better fruit, but
more of it, greatly increasing Its quality and value.
GRAPE-VINES (Fungous diseases; flea~beetle)
First application.—In spring when buds swell, copper sulphate solution. Paris green for flea-beetle. .
Second application.— When leaves are 1 to 114 inches in diameter, bordeaux. Paris green for larvex of flea-beetle. | |
Third application—When flowers have fallen, bordeaux. Paris green as before.
Fourth application.—Ten to 14 days later, bordeaux.
CURRANT (Mildew, worms) First application.—At first sight of worms, arsenites. Second application.—Ten days later, hellebore. If leaves mildew, bordeaux.
Third application.—If worms persist, hellebore.
GOOSEBERRY (Mildew, worms) First application — When leaves expand, bordeaux. For worms, as above.
Second application.—Ten to 14 days later, bordeaux. For worms, as above.
RASPBERRY, BLACKBERRY, DEWBERRY (Anthracnose, rust) First application—Before buds break, copper sulphate solution. Cut out badly diseased canes. Second application.—During summer, if rust appears on leaves, bordeaux. Third application.—Repeat second, if necessary. (Orange or red rust is treated
best by destroying entirely the affected plants.)
STRAWBERRY (rust) First application.—As first fruits are setting, bordeaux. Second application.—After last fruits are harvested, bordeaux. Spray materials are now sold by all leading seedsmen, drug and hardware stores, -
and are put up in concentrated form with full directions for use.
GRAPE-VINE SPECIALISTS FREDONIA : NEW YORK
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