Historic, Archive Document
Do not assume content reflects current scientific knowledge, policies, or practices.
The Kelsey Nurseries
(Incorporated)
St. Joseph, Missouri
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Loading Large Ornamental Trees and Balled Evergreens in Car Lots
Nursery Stock
Wholesale and Retail
In presenting our new catalogue we wish to thank our many customers for the liberal trade extended to us in the past and assure you of our appreciation of your continued patronage, which we will make every effort to merit.
We urgently request by correspondence and trial orders from new customers, feeling con- fident that you will be pleased with our stock and method of doing business.
We grow a complete assortment of hardy Nursery Stock, including Fruit and Orna- mental Trees, Small Fruits, Shrubs, Roses, Vines and Perennials. We are always pleased to quote prices on your wants at any time.
The nursery planting under our direct man- agement covers more than 500 acres. We are located at St. Joseph, in northwestern Mis- souri, where we have a strong, rich, loess clay soil. This natural tree soil produces good, healthy Nursery Stock, with an abund- ant supply of fibrous roots that stand trans-
planting and handling better than trees grown on land not adapted for growing Nursery Stock.
THE KELSEY NURSERIES were establish- ed in 1860 to meet a local demand at that time for fruit trees. The present owners en- joy the distinct advantage among nurserymen of having grown up in nursery work, which has enabled us to acquire valuable practical experience in growing and handling trees. Our one endeavor is to grow the best trees that modern nursery science and modern methods can produce. With our many years of actual experience and training, we feel justified in saying that no better stock can be purchased in the country at any price than we are able to offer you. Our policy is to supply you with the hardiest and most vigorous stock of the best varieties than can be grown. Special at- tention is given to propagation from selected and proven strains of bearing trees in order to insure the best results.
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Facts of Interest to the Trade About Kelsey Nurseries
MR. G. L. WELCH General Manager
G. L. Welch, general manager of the Kelsey Nurseries at St. Joseph, Mo., comes from a family of nurserymen. He has spent a life time in the business and has been a successful nurseryman all his life. The Kelsey Nurseries, under the management and direction of G. L. Welch, have grown to be one of the leading nurseries in the West, and supply a large trade. The plant operates about five hundred acres of the best growing land in Missouri, with the result that it holds an enviable position be- cause of the fine stock that is delivered. They have growing now a large general assortment of stock, and can supply the most critical trade with most anything in the nursery line.
Come and see us; walk through our large, modern storage and shipping plant; drive through our fields; see how we handle and grow this stock; no pains or expense are spared to produce the best that can be grown.
Digging, Handling, Packing and Shipping —
Careful digging, handling and packing are necessary to secure success even with the best grown stock. Our departments have been carefully systematized, and are under the su- pervision of experienced and practical mana- gers or members of the firm. All stock is packed under cover, and is not exposed to either wind or sun. Our shipping season in the fall begins about the first of October and continues throughout the winter and spring until May 10th. We pack all stock either in paper-lined boxes or bales, using plenty of packing material. If in bales we wrap the tops, and burlap roots securely. This insures their arrival at destination in first class con- dition.
SHIPPING FACILITIES— Our shipping facili- ties are excellent. St. Joseph is located on six lines of railroads. We have access to all the trunk systems of the central west, without the congestion of big transfer points.
We give you in this Catalog accurate and careful information to aid you in selecting the best trees and plants for your own special re- quirements. Your investment in nursery stock means a very small outlay, and it is poor economy to buy anything but the very best rooted and sturdy specimens. We furnish your special planting directions and are in- terested in keeping in touch with you after you have bought our trees and plants. We help you to obtain the best possible results.
We urgently request correspondence and trial orders from new customers feeling con- fident that you will be well pleased with our stock and method of doing business.
STORAGE — Our modern storage buildings are especially designed for handling nursery stock in the best possible manner, enabling us to get the trees and plants to our customers in prime condition, you should consider this in buying.
Stock handled always under cover; we have the exposure of stock reduced to the minimum after digging; all stock is immediately sent to our large storage houses where it is kept damp while grading and packing for shipment; customers can rely on receiving stock in good condition.
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Information of Value to Planters
All orders entrusted to us will receive prompt attention. It is a great advantage both to the purchaser and to the nurseryman to have or- ders booked as far in advance of the shipping season as possible.
Purchasers are requested to give explicit shipping directions, whether by freight or ex- press. When none are given, we forward ac- cording to our best judgment, without assum- ing responsibility, as all goods travel at pur- chaser’s risk.
We deliver all goods at railway or express office, taking receipts for all goods as shipped, after which purchaser must look to forwarders for all damage by delay or miscarriage in transit.
All orders from unknown correspondents should be accompanied with a cash payment to insure good faith, or satisfactory reference.
GRADES. We grade carefully, in some cases by caliper, in others by height. When graded by both caliper and height the caliper must govern.
CAUTION. We accept all orders on the con- dition that they shall be void should injury be- fall our stock from frost, hail, fire, or other causes over which we have no control.
CLAIMS for errors should be made promptly on receipt of goods, as we cannot rectify them unless promptly made.
GUARANTEE OF GENUINENESS. While we exercise the utmost diligence and care to have our varieties true to name, and hold our- selves in readiness on proper proof, to replace all trees, etc., that may prove otherwise, or refund the amount paid, it is mutually under- stood and agreed between the purchaser and ourselves that we shall in no case be liable for any sum greater than the amount origin- ally received for said trees, etc., that prove un- true.
We consider varieties marked with a (*) as the most valuable.
IN ORDERING, write the name, number and size of each variety plainly so as to avoid er- rors. In filling orders we reserve the right, in case we are out of a variety ordered, to sub- stitute another of equal merit, unless customer writes “no substitution” in order, and recom- mend that purchasers leave the selection of varieties with us as far as possible, as our experience enables us to select such sorts as are best adapted to the locality.
We will also fumigate stock when requested to do so, with Hydrocyanic Acid Gas.
General Instructions for Transplanting and Managing Fruit Trees
1. PREPARING THE G ROU N D— B e f o r e
planting fruit trees the soil (except new ground), should be made mellow by repeated plowing, and where the soil is densely packed, a subsoil plow should be used and the ground stirred up from twelve to fifteen inches deep. If this is neglected the roots are soon surround- ed by an almost impenetrable wall and cannot be expected to live many years. Whenever this system has been practiced, healthy and vigor- ous trees and fine fruit have been the result.
2. RECEIVING AND CARING FOR TREES — Trees are frequently ruined through the lack of care or bad management after they fall into the hands of the purchaser. When trees are received the roots should be covered with a
blanket, sack or straw until they reach their destination. The bundle should then be opened and the trees separated from the moss in which they are packed. If the roots have become dry from long exposure, straw should be spread upon the ground, the trees laid upon it, then covered entirely (roots and tops) with straw and the whole well watered. If holes are not yet dug or the ground too wet to plant when the trees are received, dig a trench and lay the trees in a slanting position, so that you can cover up the roots and two-thirds of the body or stalk. In this position let them remain until the holes are dug or the ground is in a suitable condition to receive them.
3. DIGGING THE HOLES— If the soil for an orchard has been properly prepared by sub- soiling and deep plowing, then the opening of the holes becomes a very simple matter, and really this is by far the easiest, cheapest and best plan; for if the soil is thoroughly pulver- ized to a depth of from twelve to fourteen inches, all that is necessary is to measure off the distance at which the trees shall stand from one to another and the order of planting. Where only a few trees are to be planted and the soil has not been subsoiled, or where the trees are to be planted in sod, then the holes ought to be at least four feet wide and eighteen to twenty inches deep, the subsoil thrown back and the hole filled up to the proper depth with fine top soil to receive the trees.
4. PRUNE BEFORE PLANTING— Both root and top should be pruned at time of planting and before the tree is set in the ground. First cut off the ends of the broken and bruised roots with a sharp knife, in a slanting direc- tion on the under side. This will cause the wound to heal over readily, by throwing out plenty of fibrous root at the end. Then cut back each branch or side limb to a bud not more than four to six inches from the body. Then cut back the leader or central limb so as to leave it about four or five inches above the highest side limb. When there are no side limbs the tree should be headed back to a height proper to form a top. None of the lower limbs should be cut off entirely, as it is best to form the heads as low as possible, so that the limbs and leaves will protect the trunk from the direct rays of the sun.
5. DEPTH TO PLANT — Immense numbers of trees are ruined by being planted too deep. Most kinds of fruit trees, except dwarf pears and plums on peach roots, should be planted not over two or three inches deeper than they grew in the nursery row. Dwarf pears and plums on peach roots should be set so that the joint where the body and roots are united will be about four inches below the top of the ground. By this means roots will be thrown out from the body that is covered and larger and longer lived trees secured.
6. PLANTING— When ready to plant, take from the trench a few trees at a time; place the tree in position and arrange it to the proper depth by filling in or raking back the soil to or from where the tree will stand; then fill in the fine mellow soil between and around the roots with the hand, arranging the roots in their natural position and packing the soil carefully around them. When the roots are well cov- ered and hole is about half filled with earth
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pour on each tree at least one bucket of water, allowing it to entirely soak away, then finish filling the hole with earth, keeping it pressed firmly, then finish up with a little loose earth on top to keep from baking.
7. MULCHING — Mulching prevents the moisture from escaping and maintains equita- ble temperature about the roots. The material used may be long manure, litter, straw, grass or hay, which should be spread on the surface around the tree for the space of four or five feet and three to six inches deep. Bearing- trees may be benefited by mulching heavily in winter, which will tend to prevent an early development of the fruit buds and assist them to escape the effect of late frosts.
8. AFTER CULTURE— The trees should be kept free from grass and weeds, and no crops should be grown in the orchard while the trees are young, except such as can be cultivated with the plow or hoe. Cultivate well in the spring and summer.
9. AFTER PRUNING— The great majority
of people do not take proper care of their trees after planting. This is a great mistake. If a tree or vine does not receive the right kind of care and enough of it when young, it will never attain a healthy old age. Very much has been said about pruning by various authors. Judg- ing these and our own experience and observa- tions, we would say: The best time to prupe
fruit trees, and about all kinds of trees and shrubs, is during May and June, May preferred; but be governed by the health and vigor of the tree. We do not advise severe pruning, as too much would injure the tree. Keep all super- fluous forks and limbs cut off and the heads in proper shape to admit air and sunshine as long as the tree lives. Currants and Gooseberries should be trimmed late in the fall or early in the spring, before commencing to grow; Grape vines late in November or any time during the winter up to March 1st; after this trimming, is apt to excite bleeding ov flowing of sap from the wounds.
22. WINTERING TREES WHEN PRO- CURED IN THE FALL— Procuring trees in the autumn for early spring planting is recommend- ed, when the purchaser is not prepared to plant in the fall or prefers spring setting, or where the winters are too severe to set out young trees and plants in the fall. The greatest ad- vantages derived in doing so are that when the roots have been cut or pruned it will be found upon taking them up in the spring, that callous has been formed, ready for the produc- ing of new rootlets, and the trees being planted without much exposure as soon as the frost is out of the ground, will become thoroughly es- tablished the first season, and should make twice the growth of late planted trees, and the labor of planting is done before the rush of spring work sets in. To insure success select a dry spot of ground where water will not stand during winter and no grass or litter that will invite mice. Dig a trench from three to four feet wide, according to the amount of trees to be heeled in, and deep enough to admit one layer of roots and sloping enough to let the trees lie at angle of about 30 degrees, throwing
the earth on the back part of the trenches so as to make a more perfect slope on which to lay down the trees. Put in one layer of trees, placing the roots as close together as can con- veniently be done; cover them with well pul- verized, moist soil, well up on the bodies, and see that it is carefully worked in about the roots as if they were being planted; then add another layer of trees, overlapping the first, and continue as at first until all are heeled in, throw in the ground well up around the branch- es with about six inches of dirt on the tops, covering the trees entirely up with the earth. The roots should be pruned before laying them down in the fall.
A TABLE SHOWING THE NUMBER OF TREES OR PLANTS TO THE ACRE
Distance No. of trees
1 foot apart each way 43,560
2 feet apart each way 10,890
3 feet apart each way 4,840
4 reet apart each way 2,702
5 feet apart each way 1,742
6 feet apart each way 1,210
7 feet apart each way 888
8 feet apart each way 680
9 feet apart each way 537
10 feet apart each way 434
11 feet apart each way 360
12 feet apart each way 302
13 feet apart each way 257
14 feet apart each way 222
15 feet apart each way 193
16 feet apart each way 170
17 feet apart each way 150
18 feet apart each way 134
19 feet apart each way 120
20 feet apart each way 108
25 feet apart each way 69
30 feet apart each way * 48
35 feet apart each way 35
40 feet apart each way 28
RULE — Multiply the distance in feet between the rows by the distance the plants are apart in the rows, and the product will be the number of square feet for each plant or hill, which, di- vided into the number of feet in an acre (43,- 560), will give the number of plants or trees to
the acre.
SUITABLE DISTANCES FOR PLANTING
Apples, Standard 25 to 30 feet
Apples, Dwarf 8 to 10 feet
Pears, Standard 18 to 20 feet
Pears, Dwarf 10 feet
Peaches 10 to 18 feet
Nectarines and Apricots 16 to 18 feet
Cherries, Sweet 18 to 20 feet
Cherries, Sour 15 to 18 feet
Plums 10 to 20 feet
Quinces 10 to 12 feet
Grapes 7 t° 8 feet
Currants 3 to 4 feet
Gooseberries 3 to 4 feet
Raspberries, Red 3 to 4 feet
Raspberries, Black 4 to 5 feet
Blackberries 4 to 6 feet
Strawberries, rows 1 by 3V2 feel
Strawberries, in beds IV2 by IV2 feet
Asparagus, in beds 1 by 1 V2 feet
Asparagus, in field 1 by 3 feet
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FRUIT DEPARTMENT
APPLES
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THE apple is the first in importance of all fruits. It will thrive on nearly any well drained soil. Its period of ripening, unlike other fruits, extends nearly through the whole year. By making careful selection, a constant succession can be obtained. For family use there is no fruit that is more indispensable. No fruit is so healthful and many physicians say that if a person would eat an apple a day they could dispense with doctor bills. Besides this, and just as important, is the fact that the average price on the market is steadly increasing and the im- mense demand for home consumption, foreign shipping, canning and evaporating assures high prices. The apple if given the same care and attention as other farm crops, will yield greater returns per acre. The following list we consider to be the best and the varieties starred we
recommend as the best for general planting.
Summer Apples
Chenango Strawberry — Rather large, oblong conic, angular; striped and splashed with light crimson on whitish-yellow ground; flesh white, very tender, with a pleasant, mild, sub-acid flavor. Best late summer eating apple. August and September.
*Duchess (Duchess of Oldenburg) — Origin, Rus- sia; tree upright, vigorous and extremely hardy. An early and annual bearer of uni- formly large crops; fruit large, greenish yel- low with red stripes; flesh light green, medium fine grained, firm; flavor a pleasant
Duchess of Oldenburg
acid, a great cooking favorite and prime market sort; A good shipper for any early apple and commands good prices; should be planted in every orchard. The most profit- able early apple for commerical purposes. July and August.
!:Early Harvest — Size medium, roundish, usual- ly more or less oblate, smooth, bright straw color when ripe; flesh nearly white, flavor rather acid, fine, productive; needs rich cul- tivation to be fine ; good throughout the northern states and southwest. July.
Golden Sweet — Medium or rather large, round- ish, slightly flattened, greenish, becoming pale yellow; flesh very sweet, good, of moderate quality; the fruit is always fair, the tree is a free grower and very productive; tender for west; succeeds well southwest. Late summer.
*Liveland (Lowland Raspberry) — Color orange yellow, striped, splashed and shaded with red, showing gray dots through the color; flesh light yellow, often stained with red, fine, tender, juicy; core medium open; flavor sub-acid, good; there is no apple east or west of better quality than Liveland; the tree is perfect and a good bearer; the fruit is hand- somely colored. August.
*Red Astrachan — Origin, Russia; first imported into England with the White Astrachan from Sweden in 1816; tree upright, spreading, vig- orous growth; an early and abundant bearer; fruit above medium, greenish-yellow, almost covered with mottled and striped crimson; flesh white, crisp, juicy, brisk acid; good. July.
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SUMMER APPLES— Continued
’"Red June — Size medium, oblong, very red; flesh white, tender, juicy, sub- acid, with a sprightly agreeable flavor; quite early and continues to ripen for four weeks, and will keep long after ripe for a summer apple; profitable for market. The tree is a fine, erect grower, very hardy, bears young and abundantly. A val- uable early apple. First of July.
Sops of Wine — Medium size, round- ovate, dark red; flesh white, tender, juicy, sub-acid, often stained red.
Valuable for its free growth and fair fruit. Late summer.
Sweet June — Rather small, roundish, regular; skin smooth, light yellow; flesh yellowish, very sweet, rich; tree upright, vigorous, productive.
A valuable early summer sweet ap- ple.
Sweet Bough — Large, roundish, re- motely conical-ovate. Flesh, white, very tender, with an excellent sweet flavor. Ripens from the middle to the end of summer. A moderate and regular bearer. Somewhat irregular, ascending. Tree round-headed.
Tetofsky— Origin, Russia. One of the earliest apples to ripen in the northern states, very popular on that account. Flavor sprightly sub-acid, aromatic, extra good quality. Tree stout and upright in growth, but it is apt to blight. July to August.
*Yellow Transparent — Origin, Russia. Import- ed from St. Petersburg by United States De- partment of Agriculture. One of the most valuable early apples. Fruit medium, smooth, transparent skin; clear white, becoming pale yellow when fully ripe; flesh white, tender, fine grained, of special quality. Tree is mod-
Fameuse
Yellow Transparent
erately vigorous and a good annual bearer. July.
Autumn Apples
Anisim — Origin, Russia. Tree spreading and a prodigious bearer; usually free from blight and about equal with Wealthy in hardiness. Fruit medium to small, roundish; color green- ish nearly covered with dark red, over which is a bluish bloom; flesh white, juicy, fine grained, pleasant sub-acid. Beautiful when
/Avell ripened. October to December.
Autumn Strawberry — Medium size, round, oval; flesh white, striped and splashed with red, tender, juicy, and pleasant; bears young and abundantly. One of the best early au- tumn apples.
Bailey Sweet — Origin, New York. Season Oc- tober to November. An old choice variety. Has been fruited successfully as far north as southern Minnesota and South Dakota. Fruit large, conical, irregular; greenish-yel- low, with dull red stripes and russet dots; flesh yellow, moderately juicy, firm, sweet and very good.
Fall Pippin — Very large, roundish, oblong, yel- low; flesh tender and delicious. Tree a free grower and a fine bearer; one of the most valuable varieties for table or market. Grown in Western New York as Holland Pippin. October and November.
Fameuse7 (Snow Apple) — Origin, Canada. An old and a well known variety. Tree a mod- erate grower, productive. Fruit medium in size; color pale greenish-yellow, mixed with stripes of red. with splashes of same on shady side; flesh white, tender and juicy, slightly perfumed; flavor sub-acid, extra good. Oc- tober and November.
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AUTUMN
Maiden Blush.
*Gravenstein — Rather large, roundish, slightly oblate, obtusely ribbed, surface a little wavy; striped and splashed with bright red on a yellow ground; flesh tender, juicy, very rich, sub-acid or rather acid, high flavored. Mid- summer, productive, handsome and excellent. Fine in all localities.
* Maiden Blush— Of uniformly good size, smooth, round, beautifully flushed with red on creamy yellow ground; flesh tender, of pleasant but not high flavor. A good market sort because of its attractiveness and the tree’s heavy crops. September and October.
McMahan (McMahan^ White)— Origin, Wis- consin. Season, October to December. Fruit large to very large; color, greenish pale yel- low to nearly white, often with suffused pale blush on sunny side; flesh, pale yellow, with good acid flavor; skin very tender and does not stand tight packing; crisp and a good ta- ble apple in season; splendid cooker, as it has the proper firmness. Tree a good grow- er, and moderately productive.
Okabena — Origin, Minnesota. Season, Septem- ber to October. Vigorous, absolutely hardy, and an ideal orchard tree in every respect. Bears very young, and a good crop may bo depended upon. Fruit medium to large; yel- low striped and splashed with carmine, which is heavy on sun side; flesh yellowish- white, fine grained, crisp and juicy; flavor- sprightly sub-acid; quality excellent. Ripens after Duchess, and valuable in market on that account. A seedling of the Duchess and an excellent dessert apple.
Peerless — Origin, Minnesota. Season, Septem- ber to October. Fruit medium to large; yel- lowish-green with stripes and splashes of carmine; flesh yellowish- white, fine grained; flavor agreeable sub-acid, but not rich. Tree a vigorous, upright grower.
APPLES — Continued
*Rambo — Size medium, oblate, smooth; streak- ed and marbled with dull yellowish-red on pale yellowish ground; dots large; whitish; flesh tender, rich, mild sub-acid, fine fla- vored, often excellent. October and Novem- ber.
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*Ramsdell Sweet — Rather large, oblong, ob- scurely, conical, regular; dark rich red, with a blue bloom. Flesh yellowish, tender, sweet, rich, good second quality. Tree vigorous, up- right, productive. Late autumn and early winter.
Red Bietigheimer — Large to very large; pale green color, mostly covered with purplish- crimson stripes; flesh white, firm and rather dry. A good cooking apple which attracts attention in market on account of size. Tree, German origin, a fine grower, abundant bearer. September-October.
* Wealthy — Originated about 1861 by the late Peter M. Gideon, Excelsior, Minn. This one variety is an enduring monument of its orig- inator. Season, September to January. Almost too well known to need description. Since its origination it has become exten- sively planted in all the apple growing states. Fruit large, regular, smooth, light yellow and crimson stripes and splashes; flesh white, often stained with red, tender, very juicy, sprightly sub-acid with delicious aroma. Splendid dessert and cooking apple. Market demand never supplied.
Wealthy
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Winter Apples
Arkansas Black — A remarkably handsome crimson-black apple; large, perfectly: smooth, roundish flat, lightly dotted with white; the flesh is yellow, juicy and deli- cious, keeping late. December to April.
Baldwin — Origin, Massachusetts. Season De- cember to March. The great commercial late winter keeper of the eastern states. Tree a vigorous grower, upright in tendency and very productive where hardy. Fruit; large, rounded, deep red; flesh rich, crisp and juicy.
Banana — Fine, vigorous grower, large, healthy foliage; early bearer. Fruit medium to large, smooth and handsome, golden-yellow, usually shaded with red blush; flesh fine grained, rich, sub-acid, aromatic; highest quality. One of the best dessert apples. A valuable market variety in some sections. Originated in Indiana.
*Ben Davis — Origin, Kentucky. Season Jan- uary to April. Vies with Baldwin as a profitable commercial variety in many sec- tions; quality not so good, but a better bearer and keeper. Tree very vigorous and hardy in the Central States. Fruit large, handsome, brightly striped with red; flesh medium quality.
* Black Ben Davis — A newer member of the Davis family. Handsomer. Restaurant keepers and fruit stand men use it for dis- play. Suitable for cooking as well as eat- ing. A good box trade apple. Blossoms late in the spring.
•Delicious — New apple of great merit; large size, streaked and splashed with red; strong grower, heavy bearer. Fruit of superb fla- vor, unlike that of any other apple. Ripens early in the winter, keeps late in cellar stor- age. Admirable for home use. It is a fancy market sort and one of our very best paying commercial varieties.
•Gano — Originated in Missouri. Similar but superior to Ben Davis. It has all the high qualities in a higher degree, more brilliant coloring, runs more even in size, and keeps fully as late. The tree is vigorous and hardy; is a rapid grower; bears while young. Color bright red without stripes or blotches, and large and even size. Season, February to March.
•Grimes’ Golden — Origin, Virginia; season, No- vember to January. Tree vigorous, upright, spreading; a good early annual bearer. Fruit above medium, regular, surface rich golden yellow, sometimes with net veining of rus-
Delicious.
set; flesh yellow, firm, compact, crisp, aro- matic, rich, spicy, sub-acid; quality the best. A valuable early winter apple and particu- larly desirable for its late blooming.
Hibernal — Origin, Russia; season, November and December. This variety represents what is probably the hardiest type of the Russian race. Tree sturdy, vigorous, very spreading and productive. Fruit is very large, irregu- lar, greenish yellow with dull bronze red on sunny side; flesh acid, juicy; very good for cooking. Succeeds in the most exposed loca- tions and is popular in the Northwest on this account.
Hubbardston Nonsuch — Large, handsome, yel- low, overlaid with red; tender fleshed, with distinct, delightful flavor. Strong grower and heavy bearer. A native of Hubbardston, Massachusetts. Season, November to Janu- ary.
Huntsman — Originated in Johnston County, Missouri; very large, golden yellow, with bright red cheek; nearly sweet, fine flavor, very aromatic; one of the best and highest selling market apples; tree very healthy and moderately productive. Vigorous. Novem- ber to January.
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WINTER APPLES— Continued
GOLDEN WINESAP
Golden Winesap — This new apple is the most promising variety offered in the past twenty years. No apple since the advent of the Delicious has made such an impression on the large buyers of apples. Specimens were sent to all horti- cultural authorities over the country, and they unanimously recommend it. It is a seedling of the old Winesap, but a beautiful golden yellow with a deep red blush. Many specimens from the original tree were 4 to 4% inches in diameter. It re- sembles the Winter Banana in appearance and beauty, but has much better qual- ity. Imagine the juicy flavor of the Jonathan, the satisfying meatiness of the old Winesap, the splendid quality of the old Belief lower and the keeping qualB ties of the old Ben Davis and you have good picture of this splendid new ap- ple. It is no experiment.
It has been tested and is now grown by nearly every experimental station in every state in the Union.
It has behind it the recommendation of all the leading horticulturists and large apple growers. They are plantingit because they believe in it.
It has quality that ranks right up with the very best apples in the land.
It has uniformity in size that apple buyers want.
It has keeping qualities as good as the best.
The tree is a fine, healthy grower, and an early and abundant bearer. A splendid orchard tree.
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WINTER APPLES— Continued
Ingram — A seedling of Janet. Tree more up- right and a better grower. Fruit medium size, roundish, inclined to conical; smooth, yellow ground, striped, bright red, flesh greenish-yellow, delicate, tender, juicy, sub- acid. A late keeper.
Iowa Blush — Origin, Iowa. Tree very produc- tive; a strong grower in nursery and orchard. Fruit small, roundish conical; surface smooth, yellow with bright mottled red blush. Flesh white, juicy, mild, sub-acid, good. No- vember to January.
I sham Sweet — Fruit large, oblong, conical, greenish-yellow, striped with dull red; beau- tiful, showy, good; tree hardy, spreading. November to January.
Janet (Rawl’s Neverfail) — Medium in size roundish, approaching oblong or obtuse-coni- cal, often oblique; color pale red, distinct striped on light yellow ground; flesh nearly white, fine, mild, sub-acid, fine texture, crisp, juicy. Growth slow; a profuse bearer. Keeps through spring. The blossoms open ten days later than usual kinds, thus sometimes es- caping spring frosts, and hence the name Neverfail.
^Jonathan — Origin, New York — Season, Novem- ber to January. A seedling of Spitzenburg, which it resembles in fruit, and is a much better tree. Hardy in latitude of Central Iowa, where it is a vigorous and productive variety. A delicious and strictly dessert ap- ple that always commands highest market prices. Fruit good size, roundish; surface is very smooth, clear light yellow, almost cov-
Jonathan
Mammoth Black Twig.
ered with rich dark red on sunny side; flesh white, tender, juicy, spicy aromatic.
King David — Enormously productive, bearing heavy crops year after year. Uniform shape, tapering toward the blossom end. Medium size; very dark, rich garnet red, showing almost a purplish-black on the sunny side. Flesh is firm, tinged yellow, crisp, juicy, very good. Tree is a hardy, vigorous grower, comes into bearing about the fourth year.
*Longfield — Origin, Russia. Tree hardy, vig- orous, spreading, pendulous growth; an early annual bearer. Fruit medium-roundish, conical, unequaled; surface smooth polished, clear waxen yellow, with lively red blush; dots distinct, few, large, yellowish. Flesh very white, very tender and juicy, pleasant, brisk sub-acid; good. October and November.
Malinda — Origin, Vermont. Season, February to March. An irregular but steady grower of about same hardiness as Wealthy. Where ever grown in the North it is giving great satisfaction as a long keeper. Fruit medium ; flavor sub-acid and good. Its size, beauty and smoothness are strong points in its favor.
^Mammoth Black Twig — Excels Winesap in nearly every important point; a better grower, hardier, and the fruit much larger; color even a darker red; flesh firmer; flavor milder; but fully equal. A long keeper.
* McIntosh Red — Origin, Ontario. Season, De- cember and January. A choice variety of the Fameuse type. Tree vigorous with spreading head; a good annual bearer. Fruit above medium to large, highly perfumed; smooth polished yellow, almost covered with bril- liant solid crimson, a beautiful fruit; flesh snow white, crisp, very tender, sprightly aro- matic. sub-acid; very good quality.
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WINTER APPLES— Continued
Milam — Rather small, roundish, greenish, shaded and striped with red; flesh rather firm with a pleasant sub-acid, moderate fla- vor, A good keeper. Hardy and productive. Tree a good grower.
Missouri Pippin — Large, oblong, bright red with numerous gray dots, very handsome and of fair quality, an early and very abundant bearer, and very profitable orchard fruit; vigorous. December to March.
Northern Spy — Large, roundish-conical, often flattened, slightly ribbed; handsomely striped with red; flavor rich, aromatic, mild sub-acid, fine. Keeps through winter and late into spring; a tardy bearer. To afford fine fruit, tree must be kept thrifty by good cultivation.
A fruit of the highest quality, and profitable for market.
^Northwestern Greening — -Origin, Wisconsin. Season, December to March. Tree a splen- did, vigorous grower, quite hardy. Fruit large to very large; green, becoming yellow- ish green when ripe; flesh yellow, fine grained and firm; flavor a good sub-acid; very smooth and attractive; should be given plenty of room in the orchard to secure large, even fruit. One of the best growers we have in the nursery and in the orchard is very pro- lific and regular when mature.
Paradise Winter Sweet — Fruit rather large; color dull green when picked; flesh white, fine grained, juicy, sweet, sprightly and very good. Productive and extremely satisfactory for either home or market. November to February. Tree upright, moderate, blights in some localities.
"Patten’s Greening — Origin, Iowa. Introduced by C. G. Patten. Season, October to Decem- ber. A seedling of Duchess of Oldenburg. Fruit large to very large, when well grown; green, with often a blush of red or brown; flesh yellowish white, rather coarse, but firm; core small; flavor a pleasant acid. Tree vigorous and spreading, and exception- ally hardy; an early and regular bearer. The fruit is very smooth and attractive and keeps well in home orchard and for market and is highly recommended for general planting.
* Pound Sweet — Very large, roundish, ribbed most toward the stalk; pale green, flesh white, sweet, tender, not juicy, of moderate V quality. Ripens' through autumn into win- ter. A valuable culinary sort.
Price’s Sweet — Of very strong, upright growth in nursery and orchard. Popular in parts of the West. Fruit medium, regular, oblong, conical, often unequal; surface yellowish- green, mostly thinly covered with mixed and marbled dull red, obscurely splashed and striped; dots, large distinct, numerous, rus- set, rough; flesh yellow- white; moderately juicy, very sweet, good. October and Novem- ber.
Rhode Island Greening — Origin, Rhode Island. Season, December to March. Fruit large and handsome, smooth, dark green overspread
Northwestern Greening
with yellow. Flesh tender, rich, rather acid, but highly flavored and excellent. Has long been popular in the Eastern States as a des- sert apple and also for cooking. Tree vig- orous and spreading; a heavy and constant bearer.
Rome Beauty — Large, roundish, very slightly conical; mostly covered with bright red on pale yellow ground; flesh tender, not fine grained, juicy, of good quality. Ripens early in winter. The large size and beautiful ap- pearance of this Ohio apple render it popular as an orchard variety.
Salome — Flesh, whitish-yellow, half fine, ten- der, mild, slightly aromatic, very good; Jan- uary to May; its hardiness, long keeping, good quality, uniform size, retention of its flavor quite late, makes it valuable for the West and Northwest.
Scott’s Winter — Origin, Vermont. Season, De- cember to February. Fruit small to medium; color deep red over yellow ground, russet in cavity; flesh yellowish-white, coarse grained, juicy, of fine flavor, pleasant acid; good. Tree a spreading grower and productive with age.
Spitzenburg (Esopus)- — Rather large, round- ovate, slightly conical; surface a high, rich red, rather obscurely striped; flesh yellow, firm, crisp, spicy, rather acid, unequaled in its high flavor. Keeps through winter. Com- mands highest market prices; especially prized in the West.
*Stay man’s Winesap — It is now attracting at- tention everywhere as a profitable market va- riety. It has large size, bright red color, great productiveness and best quality to com- mend it. The tree is a vigorous grower and like its parent, is irregular and drooping in habit, and adapts itself readily to different soils and situation. Season, November to February.
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WINTER APPLES— Continued
St^yman’s
Talman Sweet — Origin, Massachusetts. Season, December to March. One of the most vigor- ous, upright, spreading and very productive. Fruit above medium; whitish-yellow, often with faint blush on sunny side; flesh white, firm, moderately juicy, fine grained, rich and sweet; quality excellent for a sweet apple.
University — Origin, Iowa. Season, November and December. A seedling of the Duchess, originated by C. G. Patten. Tree is a vigor- ous and spreading grower. Fruit large, very large; surface a clear yellow on sunny side; core medium, flesh white with yellow vein- ing; flavor pleasant sub-acid, quality good.
Wagner — Medium, oblate, obscurely ribbed; shaded and indistinctly striped with pale red and a full deep red in the sun or warm yellow ground; often streaked with russet; flesh yellowish, fine grained, tender, com- pact, mild sub-acid, aromatic, excellent; rip- ens through winter; succeeds well in the West. An early bearer.
White Winter Pearmain — Rather large, conical, angular or ribbed; light yellowish-green, with a brownish-red cheek; stem short; flesh whitish, fine grained, with a mild sub-acid, rich, fine flavor. Is one of the best and most productive winter apples in the West.
Willow Twig — Large, roundish, slightly conical, obtuse, very regular; greenish-yellow, striped and mottled faintly with dull red; flavor sub- acid, or rather acid; not rich. A long keeper.
Windsor Chief — Origin, Wisconsin. Tree very productive and an early bearer. One of the hardiest of the Wisconsin winter seedlings. Fruit hangs well to the tree in high winds.
Winesap.
Fruit medium smooth, light greenish-yellow mostly covered with mixed and marbled dull red, indistinctly splashed, rarely striped with crimson; dots many, large, gray, coalescent, some surrounded with russet; flesh whitish- yellow, firm, fine grained, somewhat spicy, pleasant sub-acid, very good. December to spring. Subject to blight in some localities.
*Winesap — Origin, New Jersey. A valuable, old. well-known variety. Season, December to May. One of the leading export apples. Fruit medium, roundish, skin moderately thick and very tough; dark yellow, almost entirely cov- ered with dark red; flesh yellow, fine grained, firm, rich, crisp, sprightly sub-acid; quality excellent. Tree moderately vigorous with rather open, irregular head. Very productive and an early bearer.
Wolf River — Origin, Wisconsin. Season, Oc- tober to January. One of the largest apples grown. Color yellowish-green with stripes and splashes of carmine, very handsome and showy; flesh nearly white, firm and rather coarse grained; flavor sub-acid, fair to good. Tree vigorous and fairly productive.
*York Imperial (Johnson’s Fine Winter) — Ori- gin, Pennsylvania. Medium, oblong, angular, oblique, smooth; yellow shaded red, indis- tinct red stripes; flesh yellow, firm, juicy, sub-acid, good. Winter. An excellent ship- ping apple; always brings high prices.
Yellow Bellflower — Large, often quite large; surface pale yellow, often with a blush; very tender when ripe, fine grained, crisp, juicy; through winter. Growth of tree rather up- right; succeeds best on rather light soils.
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CRAB APPLES
Within the past few years a good many peo pie have given much attention to improving this class of fruit. Their efforts have been at- tended with marked success. Crab Apples suc- ceed equally well in all sections and are valu- able for cider, preserving and jellies, and some of the improved sorts are excellent for eating. Every orchard should contain a few, as the trees are handsome, annual bearers, and usual- ly fruit the second year.
* Early Strawberry — Origin, Iowa. Season, July and August. Should not be confused with Early Strawberry Apple. Early Strawberry Crab is an old-time favorite, especially in the Northwest. Tree is hardy and a vigorous grower. Fruit medium, greenish-yellow, ground overspread with carmine stripes and splashes; flesh nearly white; flavor mild, sweet, very good. One of the best crabs for eating.
♦Florence — Origin, Minnesota. Season, August. Originated with Peter M. Gideon, who also produced the Wealthy Apple. A hardy spreading tree; bears young and inclined to overbear. Fruit medium; color carmine when well colored; flesh yellowish, medium, fine, acid; excellent for cooking. A fine jelly crab, and valuable for early market, as well as home use.
Transcendent — Origin, Russia. Season, Sep- tember. Fruit medium to large; color brown- ish-yellow with blush of carmine; flesh firm and crisp, yellowish, fine grained, very juicy, acid. Tree is a vigorous grower; hardy. Subject to blight and should not be planted ,near other orchard trees.
Virginia — Season, September. Fruit medium, round; color yellow and blush red, somewhat striped; flesh golden-yellow, crisp; flavor acid, sometimes bitter. Tree vigorous, large, spreading, hardy, moderately productive. De- cidedly different from Howe’s Virginia, and should not be confounded with it. Desirable for top grafting.
: Whitney (Hybrid) (Whitney No. 20) — Origin, Illinois. Season, August. Fruit large to very large for a hybrid; yellow, striped with red and mostly covered with red on sunny side; flesh yellow, very juicy and fine grained; flavor rich and almost sweet. Its crab par- entage is shown in the health and vigor of the tree. The fruit in size and quality is fully equal to many apples.
Yellow Siberian — Medium, round, golden-yellow. Vigorous grower. Ripens in September.
General Grant — Large, roundish-oblate; yellow, with stripes of dark red, almost black on the sunny exposures; flesh white, moderately fine grained, mild, sub-acid flavor. Septem- ber to October.
♦Hyslop — Origin, America. Season, September to October. Tree vigorous where hardy. Blight in some localities. Fruit medium; yel- low grounded with heavy shadings of deep crimson and splashes of maroon with heavy blue bloom; flesh fine, firm, yellow, astring- ent; bears abundantly in clusters, which make tree exceedingly ornamental. Its high color always commands a fancy market price for it. One of the most desirable crabs for culinary purposes.
* Red Siberian — About an inch in diameter, grown in clusters; bears young and abund- antly. August to September.
Florence
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PEARS
THE cultivation of this fruit is rap- idly extending as its value is ap- preciated and the demand is increas- ing every year, making it one of the most profitable to plant. The range of varieties is such that, like apples, they can be had in good eating condition from August until early spring. The melting, juicy texture, the refined flavor and the delicate aroma of the pear give it rank above all other fruits, excepting the grape. One of the most important points about the manage- ment of pears is the gathering at the proper time. Summer pears should be gathered at least ten days before they are ripe, and autumn pears at least two weeks. Winter varieties may nang until the leaves begin to fall, then place in a cool, dry cellar.
When the pear trees are heavily laden the fruit should be thinned when about one-third grown, else it will be poor and the tree injured.
Summer Pears
♦Bartlett — Large size, with a beauti- ful blush next the sun; buttery, very juicy, and highly flavored; tree a strong grower, bears early and abundantly; very popular. August, Septem- ber.
Clapp’s Favorite — A large fine pear resembling the Bartlett, but without its musky flavor; pale lemon-yellow with brown dots, and fine texture, melting, buttery, juicy with a deli- cate flavor, tree hardy and productive. Au- gust and September.
Early Harvest — Large, golden-yellow with bright red cheek, quality not the best, but grown extensively for market on account of its size, beauty and hardiness; ripens ahead of Bartlett.
♦Seckel — Small, rich, yellowish-brown; one of the best and highly flavored pears known; very productive. September and October.
Wilder— Medium to small, greenish-yellow with a brownish-red cheek; melting and juicy; sweet and very pleasant; tree a vigorous grower and good bearer.
Autumn Pears
♦Beurre d’ Anjou — A large, fine pear, buttery and melting with sprightly flavor; tree a fine grower and very productive; one of the best. October to January.
♦Duchess d’Angouleme — Very large, greenish- yellow, sometimes russeted; makes a beauti- ful tree and heavy bearer; buttery, melting and sweet. October and November.
Flemish Beauty— Large, juicy, melting and rich; strong grower and good bearer; very hardy. September and October.
Bartlett
Sheldon — Large, yellow or greenish-russet with fine red cheek; flesh a little coarse, melting, juicy and crisp, highly perfumed; tree vigor- ous and productive. October.
Vermont Beauty — Of medium size, roundish, yellow, heavily shaded with carmine; flesh exceedingly fine, sweet and juicy. The tree makes a strong healthy growth and bears good crops. October.
Worden-Seckel — A seedling of the Seckel; color golden-yellow with bright crimson cheek; flesh white, juicy, buttery; vigorous grower. Very hardy and an abundant bearer.
Winter Pears
♦Keiffer — This is the most popular pear grown; fruit of fine size, rich color and good quality; tree very vigorous and seldom blights; should be picked at maturity and ripened indoors. October and November.
♦Lawrence — Medium to large; lemon-yellow with small brown dots; flesh white, juicy and melting and of good quality; one of the best winter pears known.
Winter Nelis — Medium, yellowish-green and russet; fine grained, melting, rich and deli- cious; one of the best winter pears; tree rather a slender grower, but very productive. December.
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IX
TO SECURE healthy, vigorous and fruitful trees, the ground must be well drained and kept clean and mel- low. Peach trees are easily cultivated and their freedom from disease, the short time it takes to come into bear- ing and the immense demand for the fruit, make them extremely profitable.
Peaches are borne on wood of the pre- vious season’s growth and this makes it absolutely essential to prune the trees yearly, remove dead branches and let in light and air. Keep the trees in good shape and you will have splendid returns.
♦Alexander (Cling) — Medium size; greenish-white, nearly covered with rich red; flesh sweet and juicy; tree vigorous and productive; a good mar- ^ket peach.
♦Alton (Semi-freestone) — Early large size mid-season white fleshed peach of the Carman type, good quality and beauty. The tree is very large, vigorous grower; hardy.
Bailey (Cling)— Small and hardy; rip- ens late, very productive and almost always sure of a crop.
Beer’s Smock (Free) — Medium to large, rounds ish; creamy -white, with dark red blush; flesh yellow, tender and rich; good quality; a good commercial peach.
Champion.
♦Carman (Free) — Large; resembles Elberta in shape; creamy white with deep blush; skin tough, making it a good market variety; flesh tender, juicy and fine flavor; a prolific bear- er.
PEACHES
/♦Champion (Free) — Large, round, quite regu- lar; yellowish white mottled with red on sun- ny side; flesh white with red at pit; one of the best in quality.
/Chinese Cling (Cling) — Large, roundish, some- what elongated; pale yellow, flesh white; red at pit; tender and good.
.♦Crawford’s Early (Free) — Large, roundish, bright yellow with red cheek; flesh yellow, juicy and sweet; good quality. August and September.
Crawford’s Late (Free)— Large, roundish-oval, yellow with broad red cheeks, flesh yellow with red at the pit; melting, vinous and very good. Late September.
♦Crosby (Free)— Medium to large; orange-yel- low splashed with red; flesh yellow with red at pit; juicy and rich; tree hardy and pro- lific; fruit should be thinned in order to make good sized peaches; a popular market sort; middle of September.
Elberta (Free) — The great market peach of the Southwest; perfectly hardy in the North and is believed by many growers to be the best all around peach; color lemon-yellow with blush on sunny side; flesh pale yellow, tender and juicy; tree vigorous; a good ship- ping peach.
♦Fitzgerald (Free) — An improved early Craw- ford fully equal to it in size, quality and color; tree bears quite young, is productive and very hardy; bright yellow splashed with red; flesh deep yellow and of the best qual- ity; early September.
♦Bokara No. 3 (Free)— Large; resembles Elber- ta in shape; creamy white with deep blush; skin blush; skin tough, making it a good market variety; flesh tender, juicy and fine flavor; a prolific bearer.
Elberta.
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PEACHES— Continued
Greensboro (Cling) — Large, rather roundish; yellow with splashes of bright red; highly colored in the sun; flesh white, very juicy and of good quality; ripens with Alexander.
*Heath Cling (Cling) — Very large, creamy white, slightly red at the pit; tender, juicy and sweet; a valuable sort for canning; early September.
J. H. Hale— A remarkable yellow freestone peach ripening in midseason; discovered by Mr. Hale nearly 20 years ago, but it was not recommended to the other planters until Mr. Hale had tested it for more than 10 years in a large way on three different soils and in two different climates, Connecticut and Georgia.
Henrietta (Cling) — Very large; deep yellow and brownish-red in the sun; flesh deep yellow, firm, juicy and sweet; one of the latest clings and splendid for canning or market. September.
Hill’s Chili (Free) — One of the best; medium to large, oval, yellow with red; flesh rather dry, but good; a valuable sort for drying. September.
Indian Blood Cling — Here is the biggest, handsomest and best of all the blood clings. The flesh is red, like that of a beet, and it is the peach par excellence for pickling and preserving. Mid-season.
^Krummel’s Oct. (Yellow Freestone) — Is a large round peach, one side a little larger than the other. A rich, golden yellow, blushed with carmine. Flesh is yellow, tinted red at the pit. Firm, melting, rich, sub-acid and refreshing. Good quality. A good keeper and shipper. The tree is hardy, healthy and a strong, vigorous grower. Very late.
Mayflower — A week earlier than the Sneed. A red all over; carries to market in fine shape and sells well, as it is the only early peach that is well colored; a strong, thrifty grower inclined to overbear; should always be thinned.
Lemon Cling (Cling) — Very large and beautiful lemon-shaped; light yellow with red in the sun; flesh firm, yellow and rich; sub-acid flavor. August.
Lemon Free (Free) — Large, roundish, often pointed apex; light, yellow with greenish- white tinge and thick bloom; flesh yellow, tender and good; a good canning sort.
Muir (Free) — Large, pale yellow; flesh very firm and sweet; a valuable sort for drying.
Old Mixon Cling (Cling) — Large, pale yellow with red cheek; flesh juicy, rich and of high flavor; one of the best cling stone peaches.
Krummel’s Oct.
Old Mixon Free (Free) — Large, roundish, slight- ly oval; pale yellow with a deep red cheek; flesh tender, rich and good quality; succeeds well in all localities.
*Salway (Free) — Large, roundish, deep yellow with rich red cheek; flesh yellow, firm and juicy, and sugary; a late market sort.
Smock (Free) — Large, roundish, somewhat oval; yellow with some blush and thick bloom; flesh yellow, tender and sprightly; quality good; a good commercial peach.
Stump (Free) — Medium to large, roundish-oval; creamy-white with bright red cheek and abundant bloom; flesh white; very good.
^Triumph (Free) — Medium to large, round, somewhat flattened; greenish-yellow, broken striped of purplish red and pink dots; flesh yellow with red stains, juicy, luscious and very good; one of the early sorts.
Wheatland (Free) — Large to very large, round- ish, golden-yellow shaded on cheek with dark red and crimson; flesh yellow, red at the pit, firm, juicy and sweet; quality good; widely grown in Colorado and Utah.
Wonderful (Free)— Large, round, somewhat oval; yellow, with carmine blush; flesh yel- low, tender and high flavored; a good peach for the home gardens or shipping late.
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PLUMS
^T^HE plum, like the pear and other
-L finer fruits, succeeds best in heavy soil with some clay and being almost entirely free from disease, they can be grown very profitably.
Of late years the demand has been growing very rapidly. The finer kinds are very excellent dessert fruits of rich and lucious flavor; for cooking and canning they are unsurpassed. For home consump- tion they should be allowed to re- main on the trees until fully ripe, but for shipping they should be gathered a few days before. Some of the varieties are inclined to over- bear and should be thinned in order to produce perfect fruit. Most all the varieties, especially the na- tive sorts, are extremely hardy and will withstand the most severe weather.
European Plums
Bradshaw — Very large, dark violet red; flesh yellowish-green, juicy and pleasant; tree vig- orous, erect and productive. August.
Coe’s Golden Drop — Large and handsome; light yellow, firm, rich and sweet; one of the best of the late plums. Late September.
Fellenberg (Italian Prune) — Medium, oval, dark purple with dark blue bloom; flesh, greenish- yellow, juicy, sweet and of good quality; freestone; will hang well on tree after ripen- ing. Late August.
German Prune — Medium oval purplish-blue; rich, juicy and of high flavor; tree vigorous and very productive.
Lombard
Imperial Gage — Large oval, yellowish-green with marbled green stripes, heavy white bloom, flesh greenish, juicy, melting, rich and best quality; tree upright and vigorous. September.
^Lombard — Medium roundish-oval, violet-red, juicy and pleasant; adheres to stone; a valu- able market sort, hardy and adapted to light soils; nearly always produces a crop.
*Moore’s Artie — Grows in large clusters, large dark purple; flesh very fine; splendid for preserving and dessert; tree vigorous and prolific; fruit is a long keeper.
Pond’s Seedling— See Hungarian Prune.
Reine Claude (Green Gage) — Small, yellowish- green when mature; flesh pale green, melt- ing, luscious and best quality; considered the standard of excellence; tree a moderate grower. Mid-August.
^Shropshire Damson — One of the best for pre- serving; flesh amber colored; juicy and spicy; tree vigorous, hardy and an abundant bearer.
Shipper’s Pride — Large, nearly round, dark purple, juicy and sweet; a splendid shipper and good market variety; tree moderate grower, but productive.
Shropshire Damson
Yellow Egg — A very large and beautiful egg- shaped yellow plum; a little coarse, but ex- cellent for cooking; tree a free grower and very productive. Late August.
*Blue Damson — Small, black, with thick blue bloom. Freestone. Flesh juicy, but rather tart. Good for preserving and a splen- did market variety.
17
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Japan Plums
America — Originated by Luther Burbank, a beautiful waxen yellow, with currant red cheek. Flash is yellow, juicy, sweet; very good for cooking. The tree is a good grower and productive.
October Purple. Strong, vigorous grower, said to be one of the hardiest of the Japan varie- ties. Productive, of good quality, a large, round, late purple plum, especially recom- mended for late market.
Abundance — One of the best Japan plums; tree is a very rapid grower, healthy and comes into bearing quite young and yields abundantly; medium size, rich, bright cherry- red with distinct bloom and highly perfumed; flesh light yellow, juicy and tender and ex- cellent quality; tree vigorous and hardy.
*Burbank — Medium to large, orange-yellowish, dotted and marbled with red; flesh meaty, yellow, sweet and good; valuable for can- ning and a good market plum; mid-June; Hardiest and most prolific of the Japan vari- eties.
Red June — Earliest Japan plum; bright deep red, with blush bloom; good size, pointed; flesh yellow, sweet, rich; very solid for early fruit; tree vigorous and very prolific.
Santa Rosa — Tree a strong, vigorous, upright grower. Fruit uniformly large, deep pur- plish crimson, with blue bloom; flesh purple shaded scarlet; pit small; the eating quality is unequaled, rich, fragrant, delicious; ripens with the earlies.
Wickson — Large, heart-shaped, deep maroon- red; flesh very firm, yellow, sub-acid; rich and good; a good shipping plum; tree up- right, but in some localities a shy bearer.
Burwood — A valuable new plum, originated by the late Theodore Williams of Benson, Neb.; supposed to be a cross between the Burbank and Brittlewood; flavor is excellent; meat is solid and pit small; highly recommended.
Chabot — Medium to large; cherry red, flesh yellow, sweet, of excellent quality; very pro- lific; one of the best of Japan plums. Early September.
Climax — Fruit large as an ordinary peach, deep dark red; skin firm; flesh yellow, sweet, rich, fruity, of fine quality.
Maynard — Sturdy, strong and very rapid grower, with heavy luxuriant foliage. Fruit is very large, nearly round, color deep, dull red, thin whitish bloom. Flesh firm, melt- ing and juicy, rich and sweet, extra fine quality. Its shipping qualities are unsur- passed. Follows Climax in ripening.
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Native Plums
Surprise
*De Soto — Large, oval, orange overlaid with crimson, numerous dots and thin blue bloom; flesh firm, juicy and high flavored; one of the best natives in quality.
* Forest Garden — Large, nearly round, deep red when fully ripe with numerous yellow specks; flesh firm, sub-acid; good quality; season late.
Hammer— Medium to large, crimson with yel- low dots; blue bloom; valuable as the tree is hardy and an immense bearer. Septem- ber.
Hawkeye — One of the best; large, color light mottled red, superior quality, firm; carries well to market. Tree hardy, thrifty, annual bearer. A splendid fertilizer. September.
Klondike — Medium to small, roundish-oval, bright yellow shaded with red and many small dots; flesh juicy, pleasant, sub-acid; quality good. Early August.
Miner — Medium to large, roundish-oblong; dull purplish-red with many small yellow and gray dots; flesh amber colored, soft, juicy, rich, but some astringency when cooked; poor bearer when not intermingled with other varieties.
Milton — Large, fine deep red, skin thin, and flesh firm; good quality; ripens about a week earlier than Wild Goose; a strong grower, and very productive; clingstone; extremely hardy.
Omaha — Originated at Omaha, Neb., by Theo- dore Williams, a plum specialist. Fully tested in the north cetnral section of the United States. Everywhere a great suc- cess. Fruit very large, dark, rich red. Flesh meaty and delicious. Tree perfectly hardy
and bears regularly annual crops of large, fine plums. Season August.
Pottawatomie — Medium to small, roundish oval, bright red with light colored dots and thin bloom; flesh yellow, sweet and juicy; quality good; not hardy in the North.
Quaker — Very large, roundish, oval, purplish- red with yellow dots and blue bloom; flesh yellow, firm and sweet; quality excellent.
-Surprise — This fine new plum originated in Minnesota. Tree perfectly hardy, vigorous and a fine grower; leaves dark, glossy green. Fruit good size; flesh firm, even when ripe, but melting and juicy. Should be in every garden. Ripens about August 20 to Septem- ber 1.
Terry — By far the largest plum of the old list. The tree very hardy, doing well in the severe climate of the Northwest. Fruit red and quite firm, with considerable acidity; cling- stone. Was first sent out under the name of Free Silver.
*Wild Goose — Medium to large; roundish-ob- long, skin light red and shining, making an attractive market plum; flesh yellow, pulpy and sweet; very popular, but a poor fertili- zer; should be planted with other trees of abundant pollen.
Wolf — Medium to large, yellow mottled with red; flesh yellow, firm and good quality; tree vigorous and a prolific bearer.
-Wyant — Medium to large, oblong, purple-red on yellow ground; flesh firm and good qual- ity; one of the most popular of the American sorts.
19
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=il In 0\i<a.xvti't'U'
— ^ ^
HANSEN HYBRID PLUMS
New plums introduced by Professor Hansen of the South Dakota Experiment Station at Brookings, who has originated many new fruits which are of great value and import- ance to all sections of the country. One im- portant feature of these Hybrid Plums is their good quality, extreme hardiness, prolificness and early bearing.
*Hanska — This is a cross between the native Plum and the fine fragrant Apricot Plum of China. The fruit is splendid for eating out of the hand, and when cooked retains the Apricot flavor. The size of the fruit is about one and one-half inches in diameter. The color of the fruit when ripe is bright red, with a heavy blue bloom; flesh is firm, yellow, good quality and very fragrant. It begins to bear the second year, ripens the first week in September. Its value for pre- serves will make it popular and desirable everywhere. There is a tremendous demand for this variety, and we have been unable to meet the demand to date.
♦Opata — One-year-old trees set fruit buds freely. No. 1 trees transplanted will bear the next year. This variety is a cross be- tween the Sand Cherry and the Gold Plum, a very large plum, for which $3,000 was paid when first introduced. The tree resembles the plum in its habit of growth. The fruit is one inch or more in diameter; small pit. It is a dark purplish red, with blue bloom,
*Sapa — Introduced in 1908. Fruit has a glossy, dark pur pie, thin skin, rich dark purple red flesh of the Sultan Plum. On account of its fine flavor and rich coloring Sapa has headed the list of these Hybrids in popularity. Excellent eating out of the hand, and makes the most delicious, rich, sweet, deep wine colored sauce. It is a wonderfully early and prolific bearer. Specimens grown in Minnesota on one-year-old trees in the year 1909 took first prize as a seedling plum at the Minnesota State Fair of that year. Fruits are borne in clusters around the branches, and three-year-old trees have borne as high as one and one-half bushels. Tree is spreading and handsome in appearance.
* Wan eta — This wonderful big new Plum is the latest of Professor Hansen’s productions, and gives the northern orchardist his first opportunity to compete with Califor- nia in growing large market plums. The following is Professor Hansen’s description: My belief is that in
this variety I have combined the best points of the na- tive and Japanese Plum. It is the largest of 10,000 seed- lings. In size it is two inches in diameter and weighs two ounces. The female parent is the apple plum, a large Japanese variety. The male parent is the Terry, the largest of the native varieties. We regard this as the most promising plum that has been offered to our planters since the settlement of the country. All the reports coming in from those who have tried it describe the Waneta as bearing early and producing the largest fruit that has been raised in their locality.
Opata
Hanska
flesh is green and firm; flavor pleasant, partakes of the rich sweetness of the Gold Plum. It is excellent for eating out of the hand as well as for table and cooking pur- poses. Bears as early as the first week in August. This is greatly in its favor, as at that season there is very little fruit of any kind. Tree hardy and a great bearer cer- tainly makes it popular wherever planted.
20
G^tjl <3l1 irtoj
J"i:ock
CHERRIES
THERE are few more desirable fruits than the Cherry. They are be- ing planted more and more each year and there is al- ways a brisk demand on the market for good fruit. Aside from their fruit value, they make very or- namental trees for the lawn. Cherries thrive in most any dry or well drained soil; the fruit is delicious whether eaten out of hand or preserved. No home garden is com- plete without a few cherry trees.
Baldwin — One of the best of the Morello type; very large, round, color dark yet almost transparent, stem quite large, medium in length; fruits usually in pairs; flesh sub-acid and very good; it fruits early, is hardy; very productive.
Fao»T Grower
CO,
Bing — A new black cherry; originated in Ore- gon; size large; color blackish purple; half tender, juicy, very rich and flavor excellent; tree vigorous, upright and market cherry.
Black Tartarian — Very large, bright purplish- black; half tender, juicy, very rich and flavor
excellent; tree a vigorous grower and pro- ducer. June.
Dyehouse — Partakes of both the Duke and Mo- rello in wood and fruit; a very early and sure bearer; ripens a week earlier than Early Richmond.
Montmorency.
* Early Richmond — Medium size, dark red, melting and juicy, acid flavor; one of the most valuable and popular of the acid cherries and is unsurpassed for cooking; tree slender grower, exceedingly produc- tive and very hardy; will stand the most severe weather.
^English Morello — Medium to large, round- ish; dark red, nearly black when ripe; flesh purplish-red, meaty, juicy, slightly astringent and good; very productive. Au- gust.
Governor Wood — Large, rich, light yellow with red cheek, juicy and sweet. Late June.
Honey Dew — The only sweet cherry that has succeeded in the Northwest. It was origi- nated near Wahoo, Neb., and is the largest of all our cherries. Tree perfectly hardy and vigorous and an extra fine grower. Bears large crops of fruit of immense size and excellent quality and fully equal to California cherries for canning.
Lambert — One of the largest known; smooth, glassy, dark purplish-red with numerous russet dots; flesh dark purplish- red with whitish veins, firm, meaty; flavor sweet, rich and highest quality; form roundish, heart-shaped; tree hardy and vigorous; a good shipping variety.
21
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CH ERRIES — Continued
♦Large Montmorency — Large, roundish, red; flesh tender, mildly acid and good quality, larger than Early Richmond and about ten days later; one of the popular sorts. Late June.
Late Duke — Large, heart-shaped, dark hand- some red when fully ripe; flesh light colored, sub-acid, flavor good; one of the latest.
Napoleon Bigarreau (Royal Ann) — A beautiful cherry of large size; pale yellow with bright red cheek; flesh firm, juicy and sweet; one of the best for market and canning. Late.
Ostheim — Large, roundish, one side compress-
ed; dark red and much darker when fully ripe; flesh liver colored, tender, juicy, sub- acid and very good; early and ripens over a long period.
Windsor — Large, dull red; flesh very firm and fine quality; good bearer. No cherry in re- cent years has attracted more attention. Rec- ommended by country’s most prominent fruit growers.
♦Wragg — Large, roundish, heart-shaped; dark crimson and when fully ripe, black or nearly so; flesh and juice light crimson, firm and good; very productive; one of the hardiest and is usually a sure cropper.
COMPASS-CHERRY PLUM
♦Compass Cherry-Plum — Originated at Springfield, Min- nesota by M. K. Knudson, through scientific hybridi- zation by applying pollen to the English Morello Cherry and Miner Plum to the blossom of the Sand Cherry (Prunus Besseyii). It is absolutely hardy, won- derfully prolific, frequently producing fruit on young trees in Nursery row. In shape, size and coloring of the fruit the characteristics of the Plum and Cherry are about equally divided. Color bright red, deepening as it becomes well ripened, until it reaches a rich dark wine color. Valuable for canning and preserving. The Compass fills a unique place in the North, where it stands today as the principal hardy fruit approach- ing the Cherry, and is especially recommended for planting where Cherries of the Morello type are not successful.
DWARF ROCKY MOUNTAIN CHERRY
(Prunus Pumila Besseyii) — A very hardy native dwarf Cherry, growing in shrub form. Bears large crops of medium sized black Cherries which when fully ripe are of a fair quality; used for cooking and preserving with good results.
APRICOTS
A beautiful and delicious fruit; a close relative of the plum and peach, combining the qualities of both. The fruit ripens after the early Cherries and just before the plum and peaches; trees is as hardy as the peach and requires about the same cultivation. It ships well and commends a good price in the markets and for drying and canning, it has no superior. The Russian varieties are the most hardy, earliest and most productive.
Compass Cherry
♦Alexander (Russian) — Medium to small, light orange, yellow flecked with red; flesh tender; juicy, sweet and good quality; hardy; very productive ; J uly.
Budd (Russian)- — Medium to small; light blush with orange on sunny side; flesh sweet; juicy with flavor of the peach; hardy and produc- tive; August.
Early Golden — Small, roundish-oval; pale orange with smooth skin; flesh yellow, juicy, sweet and of the best quality; hardy and pro- ductive; freestone.
Harris — Large, oval, bright, yellow, with red cheek; flesh tender, juicy, sweet and good; tree hardy and productive; late July.
♦Moorpark — One of the largest; orange yel- low, with numerous specks and dots; flesh yellow, sweet, juicy and rich; tree somewhat tender and inclined to ripen unevenly. Au- gust.
Royal — Large, roundish-oval; pale orange, with faintly tinged red vheek; flesh yellow, firm, sweet, high flavored, slightly sub-acid and good quality, ripens a week earlier than Moorpark; a good market variety.
Superb (Russian) — Medium, roundish-oval, smooth, light salmon, with numerous red or russet dots; flesh yellow, firm, sub-acid and good; tree hardy and productive; middle of July.
22
ISTuLT'^'e-r-ij J'tock ]j It~i G^ix^.xvfci’t'ij
NECTARINES
Pecans
This fruit may be described simply as a smooth skinned peach. It will thrive wherever peaches do, and is much superior to the peach as a dryer and makes excellent preserves. The propagation and management are the same as for the peach.
Boston — Large, roundish-oval; light yellow with bright red cheek; flesh yellow to the stone, sweet with a pleasant peculiar flavor; freestone; one of the most valued sorts for market.
Downton — Large, roundish-oval; pale green with violet cheek; flesh pale green with some red at the pit; melting, rich and very good; freestone.
QUINCE
The quince is a dwarf growing tree; can be planted ten to twelve feet apart. They bear young, about the third year after planting. Popular for flavoring preserves. There is al- ways a strong demand for this fruit at high prices, and every home orchard should contain a few trees.
NUT TREES
There has been more attention paid to the planting of nut trees the last few years than ever before. Few farms but contain land, that if planted to nut-bearing trees, would pay bet- ter than anything else to which it could be devoted. Besides the value of the wood for commercial purposes, the crop of nuts of nearly all kinds command a high price in the market.
Butternut (White Walnut) — A native of the eastern states. It is a beautiful growing tree and yields a large nut with a rough hard shell within which are white oily kernels, sweet, rich and of the most delicate flavor; tree has a wide spreading head, reddish col- ored, dark foliage; is a native of this country and well adapted to nearly all sections.
Chestnut (American Sweet) — The American Sweet Chestnut is much superior to both the European and Japanese kinds, although it does not, as yet, approach in size to either of them. Chestnuts are much easier to propa- gate than other nut trees and come into bear- ing earlier. It does not do well in limestone or clayey soils, or in wet boggy lands. The nut is sweet and well flavored; makes a val uable shade tree for either street or lawn.
Hazelnut — This is the American variety that is hardy everywhere. Nuts are of fair size and good quality.
Pecans — Pecan culture in the North is still in its infancy, yet with proper care and selec- tion of the hardier types some nuts can oe grown quite successfully, and there are some native trees growing and bearing an- nually good crops of fruit in different parts of Missouri, Illinois and Indiana. These nuts are already quite a factor in commerce. Growing in importance yearly in the south- ern and middle states, where hardy pecan orchards yield handsome profits. After the trees get started they grow rapidly and de- velop into a large tree. Everyone with ground to spare should plant a few trees.
Walnuts
English or Persian Walnuts — A fine, lofty growing tree, with handsome spreading head; produces large crops of thin-shelled, delicious nuts that are always in demand at good prices. Not entirely hardy in the North.
Japanese Walnut — Hardy, rapid grower, hand- some form, immense leaves; bears young and makes a good ornamental tree. Nuts produced in clusters; resembles butter-nut in shape and quality worthy of extensive planting.
Black Walnut (Juglans Nigra) — This species is a common and stately forest tree in the middle and Western states; grows from forty to sixty feet high; has an open, spreading head and is rapid in growth; produces large crops of nuts with rough hard shell contain- ing rich, oily kernal of fine flavor.
MULBERRIES
The Mulberry is valued as an ornamental shade tree and the fruit is quite popular in some sections. Should be planted in deep rich sandy loam. Requires little care and is of easy culture. The fruit is sprightly and re- freshing and is a valuable addition to any fruit garden.
Downing’s Everbearing — A beautiful tree for the lawn or street; gives an abundant supply of sweet, refreshing fruit for several weeks; berries are about one and one-half inches long; color blue-black.
'"Russian — A very large rapid-growing tree of great value, especially in the West; foliage abundant and said to be very desir- able for silk worm culture; fruit good size and produced in large quantities. Introduced into this country by the Minnonltes.
23
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GRAPES
EVERYONE should have a few grape vines in the home garden. They require very little cultivation and the returns are so abund- ant. If proper selection of varieties is made, one may have grapes on the table for several months in the year. They can be trained over fences, trellises, or doorways and thus be or- namental as well as useful. To grow for mar- ket, they can be planted on hillsides that are unsuitable for other crop. They should in all cases have a free exposure to the sun and air.
Agawam (Red) — Bunch large, compact, shoul- ered, berry large, dark red or nearly black; flesh tender, juicy, vinous and good quality; later than Concord.
Beta — A small, desirable grape that is hardy as far north as North Dakota, often making a growth of 15 to 20 feet in a single season.
*Brighton (Red) — Bunch medium to large,
quite compact, flesh rich, sweet and best quality, color dark crimson or brownish red; vine vigorous and hardy.
Campbell’s Early (Black) — A strong vigorous and hardy sort; ripens early and bears abund- antly; berry large, black with blue bloom; tender, sweet and rich; good market berry; it is a good shipper and long keeper.
Catawba (Red) — Bunches medium, shouldered; berries large, deep coppery red, becoming purple when ripe; flesh somewhat pulpy, juicy, sweet, aromatic and rich; one of the latest, does not ripen well in the North.
Concord
Champion (Black)— Bunches medium, compact;, berries medium, quality fair; on account of the vigor of vine, showy fruit and heavy bearing, it is extensively grown for market.
Clinton (Black) — Bunches medium, compact; berries round, small with thin blue bloom, pulpy and juicy; hardy and late; good keeper and valuable as a wine grape.
*Concord (Black) — Too well known to need much description; is considered by many to be the best all around grape grown; is ex- tremely hardy, vigorous and productive; bunches large, compact; berries large, juicy, buttery and sweet; wull succeed almost any- where.
Delaware (Red) — One of the best red grapes; bunch small and compact; berry small, round, beautiful light red; flesh rich, vinous, sweet, and delicious, best quality; a good market grape.
Moore’s Diamond
Goethe — Large bunch and berry; yellowish- green, shaded dull red; tender, sweet, qual- ity perfection; vine vigorous and productive. In the North vines should be laid down and covered for protection.
24
G^xx<ali“bTj INTxiir^ojr'xj J"±ock ~ =f| In Oxx^xvbitTj
GRAPES — Continued
Elvira (White) — Bunch medium, shouldered and very com- pact; berry medium, pale green with yellow shade, sweet, tender and free from foxiness; in the West it is grown as wine grape
Lind ley (Red) — Bunch large, long and compact; berry medium, pale red with violet bloom, sweet, juicy, high flavored and good, hardy and vigorous.
Lutie — Rich red, a good grape everywhere, vigorous, heavy bearer and always dependable.
Martha (White) — One of the most reliable white grapes; bunch medium, greenish yellow with bloom, sweet, juicy and tender; ripens a little earlier than Concord.
Moore’s Diamond (White) — A vigorous grower entirely free from mildew and a prolific bearer; bunches large and compact, slightly shouldered; color delicate greenish white with yellow tinge when ripe; berries tender, juicy and nearly transparent, sweet and rich; ripens about two weeks before Concord.
"Moore’s Early (Black) — Bunch large, berry round with a heavy blue bloom, quality said to be better than Con- cord; hardy and prolific; a good market berry; ripens about two weeks before Concord.
* Niagara (White) — One of the leading white sorts; bunch large, yellowish white, juicy, vinous and sprightly, qual- ity good, skin tough, making it a good shipper and market berry.
Moore’s Early
Pocklington (White) — The great vigor and hardiness of the vine with the beauty and size of the clusters, place this in the front ranks of white grapes; berry a light lemon-yellow, tender, sweet and fine aromatic flavor; very prolific.
Salem (Red) — Bunch medium, shouldered and compact; vine strong and vigorous; berry large, coppery red, thin skin, sweet and sprightly; a good market berry; ripens in September.
Vergennes (Red) — Bunch large and com- pact; berry large, amber red with grayish bloom, tender vinous, rich and very good; a long keeper; splendid market grape.
* Worden (Black) — A seedling of the Con- cord; bunch large and compact, berry round, black with blue bloom, pulpy, juicy and very pleasant; ripens several days earlier than Concord.
Woodruff (Red) — Bunch very large, shoul- dered and roundish berries round, red and some bloom, juicy sub-acid and good.
Wyoming (Red) — Bunch rather small and compact; berry medium red, brighter than Delaware; tender, juicy, sweet and very good; hardy, vigorous and prolific; one of the best early grapes.
Worden
25
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RASPBERRIES
THE Raspberry is one of the most delicious and popular fruits grown. They are always in demand in season and command good prices on the market. For canning purposes they are un- excelled. They are easily cultivated and require little care. Cut out the old and weak shoots each year; plant in good soil in hills about four feet apart. With a little care and attention they will produce large crops of berries. For winter protection, bend the canes over and cover with straw or leaves and remove early in the spring.
Brandywine (Red) — Large, bright and very firm; a good market berry and valuable for its shipping qualities.
♦Cardinal (Red) — One of the new sorts; it is extremely hardy and productive; fruit is rich, red and highly flavored. It is the opinion of leading horticulturists that it is the best of the good varities now being grown.
Columbian (Red) — Resembles the Shaffer, but is much better; the berry is firmer, dark red and adheres to the bushes much longer; a strong grower, attaining large size; one of the hard- iest and most productive and stands at the head for canning, jams, etc.
♦Cumberland (Black) — The largest of all black caps; a healthy, vigorous grower, throwing up stout, stocky, well branch- ed canes that produce immense crops of magnificent berries. Fruit very large, firm, quality about the same as Gregg; keeps and ships as well as any of the blacks. The most profitable market variety.
1C
♦Cuthbert (Red) — Large bright, scarlet- crimson, excellent quality, firm, juicy and refreshing, vigorous grower, hardy and productive; very popular as a home garden and market berry.
Gregg (Black) — Of good size, fine quality, pro- ductive and hardy, firm, sweet and rich; strong grower and good bearer; ripens late and evenly; good market berry.
Kansas (Black) — Large, round, firm, moderate- ly juicy, strong grower and very productive; ripens early; considered one of the best market berries on account of its handsome appearance.
♦Loudon ( Red) — Large, firm and of good qual- ity; dark crimson; very productive, hardy and vigorous.
Marlboro (Red) — The largest early red; bright scarlet, sub-acid, pleasant and good; hardy and productive.
Miller (Red) — Bright red color; is a healthy, vigorous grower, canes strong, well adapted to carrying their heavy load of berries, firm and a good shipper; an early ripener.
♦Pearl — The Black Pearl oroginated near St. Joseph, Mo., where it is being planted ex- tensively in preference to all other black raspberries. The wrood is extremely hardy.
Cumberland
making strong canes, which hold up their big loads of fruit in good shape. Berries are large and ripen a few days ahead of the Cumberland. Always command top prices.
♦Plum Farmer (Black)— A vigorous, stocky growing black cap, very healthy and at- tractive in appearance; productive, bearing heavy crops of large, fine jet black berries; excellent quality and a good shipper; one of the most valuable market berries, as it com- mands top prices.
EVERBEARING RASPBERRY
♦St. Regis (Red) — Earliest of all; wonderfully prolific; it equals most black varieties; gives a crop of fruit all summer and autumn, fruiting on old canes in generous quantities until late in August, when berries begin to ripen on young canes; berries bright crimson, of large size and surpassing quality; canes stocky, strong growth, with abundance of dark green leathery leaves; succeeds on all soils, whether light and sandy or cold heavy clay; canes are absolutely hardy.
26
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BLACKBERRIES
BLACKBERRIES are among the best-known and most valued of our berries. No fruit of any kind is more wholesome. A liberal use of berries and other good fruit will save doctor’s bills. Blackberries should be planted in rows six or seven feet apart, three to four feet in the row. Keep the ground light, rich and clean, and pinch the canes back when they have reached four feet high. The demand for blackberries is always good.
Ancient Briton — Large, oblong, sweet and very good; bushy and sturdy grower, hardy and one of the the most productive; one of the best sorts for the Midlle West.
Blowers — Fruit large, productive, a strong grower; a prom- ising new variety.
Early Harvest — One of the earliest; berry medium sized, good quality and very prolific; firm and attractive in ap- pearance. A good market sort.
* Eldorado — Vine is vigorous and hardy; berries are very large, black, borne in clusters; ripens well together; sweet, melting and pleasing to the taste.
Erie — One of the very best large new blackberries; abso- lutely hardy,- very black, firm and solid; ripens early.
Himalaya (Giant) — Bears fruit from July till October.
Hardy; fruit large, black; almost coreless and its flavor superior to blackberry. Its high quality makes it popu- lar for canning and preserving.
Kittatinny — Large, sometimes one and one-half inches in Snyder
length; glossy black; flesh moderately firm, sweet, rich Rathbun A strong erect grower
and excellent; canes are vigorous and hardy; very pro- an(j hardy; fruit is sweet, lus- ductive. cious, without a hard core; high
*Mersereau — Large, oval, sparkling black, sweet, rich flavor, jet black, small seeds; and melting; hardy and productive. firm enough to ship and handle
well. One of the largest sized berries.
*Snyder — The hardiest blackberry known. Fruit medium sized and of a good quality; a standard market variety .
Stone’s Hardy — A vigorous grower; berry glossy black and of a good flavor. A little later than the Snyder; very hardy.
Taylor — Large, oblong, soft, juicy, sub-acid and rich; later than Sny- der.
DEWBERRIES
The Dewberry is a dwarf and trailing form of the Blackberry. The fruit is highly prized as a mar- ket fruit owing to its large size and fine quality. Set the plants two feet apart in the row and cover in winter with coarse litter. Should be mulched in the spring to keep them off the ground.
Austin — Glossy shining black color; flavor is most excellent and when fully ripe will fairly melt in your mouth; has the hardy character- istics of the Dewberry family; very productive.
*Lucretia — Perfectly hardy and re- markably productive; said to be the best of this class of fruit; ripens early; is often one and one-half inches long by one inch in diameter; sweet, luscious and melting. This variety is recom- Lucretia. mended most highly.
27
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CURRANTS
THE Currant is one of the most valued of the small fruits. They mature just before raspberries and can be used either raw or cooked. Being very hardy, they do not winter-kill and are easy of cultivation, re- quiring little care. They can be grown in any good garden soil.
Black Champion — Very productive, large bunch and berry, excellent quality and a strong grower.
Black Naples — Very large, black, rich, tender and ex- cellent for jellies and wines; very productive.
Black Victoria — An English variety of exceptional merit; said to be the largest black currant in cul- tivation; good flavor and very productive.
♦Cherry — Large, deep red, rather acid, branches short; very productive.
* Fay’s Prolific — A cross between the Cherry and Vic- toria; one of the most popular of the red currants and immensely prolific.
Lee’s Prolific — A new English variety; the fruit is large and of superior quality; vigorous and immensely productive; is classed with the black varieties.
Long Bunch Holland — One of the best late varieties; bush very vigorous and hardy, clusters long, berry medium to large, bright red and good quality.
North Star — Said to be the strongest grower among the red varieties; bunches average four inches in length and are freely produced; extra quality and extremely hardy.
Wilder
Pomona — Fruit of good size and flavor, bright red, has long stems and hangs in fine condition after ripening, is a good shipper; bush bears early and is wonder- fully prolific; a good market sort.
*Red Cross — A strong growing variety with long clusters; berry medium to large, bright red, ipild, good quality and a fine flavor.
Red Dutch — An old well-known standard variety; berries dark red, mild sub-acid; one of the most valuable late varieties.
Versailles — A French variety resembling the /Cherry; deep red, bunch and berry large and handsome; very productive.
Victoria — Clusters medium, berries medium to large, bright red, mild sub-acid; one of the most valuable late varieties.
White Dutch — Clusters two to three inches long, berries medium, translucent, a little darker than white grape; quality excellent and ripens early, vigorous and productive.
* White Grape — Bush vigorous and produc- tive; clusters long, berries large, very at- tractive, mild flavor and good quality; a good table variety; distinct from White Dutch.
^Wilder — Clusters above medium length and berries large, bright red, of excellent qual- ity, with mild, sub-acid flavor; ripens early and is a good keeper.
♦Perfection — Berries are a beautiful bright red and larger than Fay’s Prolific. In quality it is said to be superior to anything in the market today; rich, mild, sub-acid flavor with plenty of pulp and a few seeds, clusters are long and size of berry is main- tained to the end.
White Grape Currant
28
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GOOSEBERRIES
THIS fruit is very useful for cooking either green or ripe and is used for can- ning extensively. Requires the same cultivation and treatment as Currants.
Carrie — Berries fair size, though not large, of a bright maroon color; excellent quality; most valuable Gooseberry for jams, jellies and canning.
Champion (Oregon) — Berries medium, round, smooth, greenish-white with thin transparent skin ; good quality and ripens early; bush vigorous and very free from mildew.
♦Downing — Fruit large, round, light green with distinct veins, soft, juicy and finely flavored; vigorous and pro- ductive; smooth skin; one of the best.
♦Houghton — Medium size, pale red, sweet and juicy; vigorous grower, abundant bearer and free from mildew.
♦Josselyn (Red Jacket) — Large size, smooth and excellent quality; very hardy and a won- derful cropper.
♦Pearl — Similar to Downing, but fruit a little
larger, very hardy, free from mildew and very productive; valuable for home use or market.
Smith’s Improved — Bush moderately vigorous and very productive; fruit large, pale yellow . and thin skin; excellent quality for dessert or cooking.
STRAWBERRIES
STRAWBERRIES can be successfully grown in any good garden soil. It is easily placed in the front rank among small fruits, and owing to the wide range in which it can be grown, there is always a good market for several weeks of the year. No fruit lends itself so readily to the varied uses of the table or for canning purposes or preserving. The varieties that we list are all standard and the best. “S” or staminate varieties fertilize themselves. “P” or pistillate varieties require to be planted with staminate in order to produce good crops.
♦Aroma — Large, dark red, uniformly roundish heart shaped; flesh firm and
Senator Dunlap
of good quality ; stands shipping well ; plants vigorous and very produc- tive; blossoms rich in pollen and is good fer- tilizer for im- perfect varie- ties.
Bederwood (S) — A very desir- able early ber- ry; medium to large, very firm, sweet and good ; a vigor- ous grower and enormous yield- er.
29
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STRAWS ERR I ES— Continued
Brandwine — A good market berry; medium to large; dark scarlet, firm and somewhat acid; a good bearer and does well in clay soil. Mid-Season.
Gandy (S) — Large, regular and conical; bright glossy crimson; firm, fine flavor; vigorous and prolific; a fine late sort and a good shipper.
*Gibson — A well tested sort that has proven one of the best for both home and market. Plants are strong growers with large roots and abundant foliage. Exceedingly produc- tive; berries extra large, choice, fine flavor, dark glossy red clear through.
Glen Mary (S) — Berry is large to very large; conical and ribbed, crimson, flesh pinkish white and good quality; plant strong, healthy and productive; ranks with the best in flavor. Mid-season.
Paul Jones — Said to be a seedling of the Haver- land and Brandywine. Considered the best berries grown. A good grower and very healthy.
Sample (Imp) — Extremely productive when planted with other staminate variety like Senator Dunlap; hardy; stands drouth; fruit firm, medium to large, bright red.
'-Senator Dunlap (S) — Medium size; dark; glossy red with golden seeds; flesh reason- ably firm, red and of excellent flavor. Highly recommended for all purposes. Productive and hardy. Mid-season.
-Warfield (P) — Plant is a vigorous with long penetrating roots; a good berry for dry sea- sons; dark crimson, firm, sub-acid, and very good; popular as a market variety.
ASPARAGUS
Asparagus
Set in the fall or spring with the crown of the plant about three inches below the surface of the ground. Ten to twelve inches by two feet is a good distance to plant.
Barr’s Mammoth — The largest of all, is very early, and quite tender and delicious; light color. The yield is simply enormous.
Columbian — A distinct variety of mammoth size, great yield and superior quality; remarkable for- the clear whiteness of its stalk which retains the clearness of its color until several inches above the surface.
Conover’s Colossal — A standard kind of first-class quality; tender and high flavored; valuable market and garden sort.
Palmetto — Extensively grown for market on account of earliness, large size and fine appearance.
RHUBARB OR PIE PLANT
This very desirable vegetable comes early in the spring. The large stems of the leaves are used for pie-making and stewing. It is also valuable for medicinal purpose. A deep, rich soil is indispensa- ble to secure large, heavy stalks. Plant in rows four feet apart, with the plants three feet distant. Set so that the crowns are about one inch below the surface. Top dress in the fall with stable manure and turn under in the spring.
Linneaus — This variety produces a small stem of fine quality; early; excellent for cooking.
Victoria- — Very large and valuable for market; early.
30
Ripe, Green and Blooming Everbearing Strawberries in October From Our Plants, Photographed October 2 With Ear of Corn and Tomato
EVERBEARING STRAWBERRIES
STRAWBERRRIES that yielded fruit contin- uously from May until frost have been known for a long time. The new cultivated sorts were originated by cross pollinating these wild everbearing Alpine sorts with our standard varieties and combining the everbearing habits of the one parent and the size and quality of the other.
We have been testing the different varieties
selling for more than three times as much per crate as the spring crop. And if the frosts should get the blossoms in the spring the plants will immediately commence to pro- duce the other fruiting stems and will come right on with a good fair crop just as if nothing had happened. The frost cannot cheat you out of strawberries if you have the Progressive. You will never be sorry if you invest heavy in this variety.
of everbearers for several years on or own grounds, and offer to our patrons the following, which have proved perfectly reliable. These varieties have given us fruit continuously from June to November in liberal quantities, except during continued and extremely dry periods. Each fall, blossoms, green and ripe fruit have frozen up on these plants. Spring planting is recommended.
* Progressive (Per) — This is a vigorous thrifty grower, making a matted row 2 to 3 feet wide; in fact, the best plant maker of all the everbearing kinds, and on rich soil plants should be set at least two feet apart; firm and of good quality; it will produce as many berries in June as Dunlap or Warfield, and as it bears fruit on the new formed plants it will continue to produce berries all summer, even up to the time the ground, freezes in the fall, but producing the most'"" fruit during the latter part of September and up to about November 1st. Just think of it, two crops in one year, with the fall crop
Superb (Per) — This variety makes large, beau- tiful, vigorous and thrifty plants, and just the right amount for a good fruiting row. Fruit is large to very large, of a beautiful bright crimson color, running very even for size and shape; in fact a crate of them looks like each berry had been run in the same mold. The berry is firm and of good quality. This variety is preferred by many growers on account of its large size, even shape and good quality. Most growers would prefer one quart of large, smooth high-colored berries to two quarts of small ones, and we feel a good deal like this ourselves. This kind does not run down small toward the last picking, like most other varieties, but holds its size remarkably well throughout the entire season. The Superb will command a fancy price in any market, from the first picking to the last, and you will make no mistake in ordering this variety.
Americus — This is a handsome berry of fair size and excellent quality. The plants are strong growers and perfectly hardy. Blos- soms and fruits from May until frost.
31
Ornamental Department
Our ornamental department contains the best kinds of hardy ornamental trees, evergreens, vines and roses that it is possible to select. We have a great variety to select from, insuring the customer the most beautiful effect from planting; also the choice of their own selections.
Our aim is to help you make your house a home, and with our lifetime ex- perience we feel that we can give you the best of service and advice.
Landscaping
A man's premises are as much his home as the house that shelters him. We do not enter your home when we cross your threshold, but when we enter your premises. Therefore you should make the surroundings as attractive as it is* possible.
A home that is well planted is a beauty spot and a point of admiration to the whole community. It not only gives satisfaction to the owner, but is an uplift to everyone who passes. It shows refinement and good taste.
The greatest pleasure to the owner should come from the enjoyment that other people get from the natural beauty that can be made on his grounds. What is there that gives more pleasure than to see someone enjoying the beautiful sur- roundings ?
The man who builds the house alone and does not decorate the grounds does not get the idea of a real home. At a small cost he can beautify his place and make it a real home.
Every home that is beautiful helps the looks of your city. Civic pride should prompt you to start this move. When once it is started in a community everyone wants to get in line. You be the leader in your city.
We have a landscape department that is at your service. We can turn any house into a home. With our large stock of specimen stock to draw from we can furnish your job in first-class shape. All that we ask is that you give us the measure of your place with your house and all permanent trees located on the place. From this we can draw your plan and give you the idea that we mean to convey.
With our ornamental department are men that know how to bring out the beautiful, and we try to please our patrons. Any suggestions are always gladly received, for in this way your own personality will be brought out more. This is the best way to get individuality into the planting.
32
Shrubs, Vines, Perennials
We plant our trees in the nursery rows, set- ting them two and three times the usual dis- tance apart, cutting them back to make them put on a bushy head and heavy stems, and more especially a better root system. Stock of this nature withstands the shock of transplant- ing much better than ordinary trees.
We have growing in our nursery all of the very best ornamental trees and have built up a reputation for the growing of good stock, and are in position to take care of the most critical trade.
ORNAMENTAL SHRUBS
The planting of ornamentals has become prominent in the building of homes in America. A street with uniform trees such as the Maples and Elms lends interest to everyone.
A beautiful hedge of Barberry, Privet or whatever is best adapted to your locality, lends attraction to the place. Shrubs such as Hy- drangeas, Spireas, Snowballs or whatever is best suited will show up to good advantage any- where. Vines for the porches, trellises or fences can be made very effective at a very small cost and lend comfort and satisfaction to yourself and everyone who has the opportunity of seeing them.
When you decide to plant, you should plant none but the best. Plant borders of shrubs that will give flowers in succession, blooming from early spring until frost. Get plants that are hardy, well branched and that will make a beautiful specimen if given the proper atten-
tion. We have a large acreage of ornamentals here, and have men who are especially trained in this business of propagating and caring for our ornamental department.
VINES
Climbing vines are as necessary in the orna- menting and beautifying of grounds as shrubs, trees or grass. Around new buildings they give shade quickly and are very cooling and cheer- ful. They are used for verandas or trellises, summer houses or trunks of dead trees, and give a wild natural effect. They are often used for covering stone walls, rocky banks or steep slopes where they lend attraction and are also also very fragrant.
We grow a large assortment of vines. The varieties we have listed in this book can be relied upon when wanting them for improving your property or grounds.
PERENNIALS
Perennials infuse into our gardens and homes a peculiar charm, rare beauty and fragrance that is only known with the old fashioned gar- deners. Old fashioned gardens would all be in- complete without them. Some poet wrote in his day, “There is nothing like old flowers, old books and old friends.” This is as true today as ever.
We grow all the old favorites together with the new hybrids and selections, and you will find in our assortment the kind that will make your home beautiful.
33
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ORNAMENTAL DEPARTMENT
Varieties Not Listed — In every large, well-con- ducted nursery there are many varieties of extra size, but in too small quantities to list in the cata- logue; also new varieties which have not been thoroughly tested. If you wish any variety in a special size or variety not listed, write to us for special quotations, and if we have it in stock, we shall be pleased to supply.
BIRCH
Betula
European White Birch (B. Alba) — Remarkable for its elegance. A graceful tree with silvery bark and slender branches; quite erect when young, but afterwards assumes an elegant drooping habit, rendering it very effective for landscapes or lawns.
NEW VARIETIES
WE are constantly adding to our list of orna- mentals, as well as in other departments. Be- fore placing new varieties on the market, we give them a thorough trial in the nursery, and thus weed out undesirable varieties, offering only the best in each class.
Upright Deciduous Trees
AILANTHUS Tree of Heaven
A. Glandulosa — From Japan. A lofty, rapid growing tree, with long elegant feathery foliage, free from all diseases and insects. One of the most distinct of ornamental trees.
ASH
Fraxinus
American White Ash (F. Americana) — A well known native tree; tall, very straight, with broad, round- head and dense foliage.
Green Ash (F. Viridis) — A tree of medium size with slender, spreading branches forming a shapely round head; grows 50 to 60 feet high.
CATALPA
Catalpa Bungei — A remarkable species, forming a dense, round umbrella-like head; makes a beauti- ful lawn tree when grafted or budded on a high stem.
Hardy Catalpa (C. Speciosa) — A variety which is said to have originated in the West; it is very hardy and a rapid grower and is being extensively planted for commercial purposes; has broad deep green leaves and beautiful large blossoms, making it a highly ornamental tree for lawn or street. Valuable for planting in groves for growing poles, posts and railroad ties.
Catalpa Bungei
Horse Chestnut
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CHERRY
Cerasus
Double White Flowering Cherry (C. Avium, alba flore pleno) — At the period of flowering in May is a beauti- ful and attractive tree; the flowers are numerous and present to the eye nothing but a mass of bloom; valuable variety.
Wild Black (Prunus Serotina) — A beautiful, upright, round headed, strong growing tree; slender, glossy leaves; hardy.
CHESTNUT
Castanea
American Sweet Chestnut (C. Americana) — The well- known variety; a stately tree with spreading head; when in full bloom one of the handsomest trees; pro- duces a quantity of edible nuts.
CHESTNUT, HORSE Aesculus
Common or White Flowering (A. Hippocastanum) — A handsome tree of regular form with showy foliage and covered in the spring with panicles of white flowers marked with red; as a lawn or street tree it has no superior.
Ohio Buckeye (A. Glabra) — A native of the eastern states, forming a large sized tree; leaves are smooth and the flowers yellow; blooms before other varieties.
American White Elm
CRAB
Pyrus
Bechtel’s Double Flowering Crab (P. Ioinsis) — ■ One of the most beautiful of the flowering crabs; tree of medium size, covered in early spring with large, beautiful fragrant flowers of a delicate pink color; very popular for lawns, as it blooms when quite young.
DOGWOOD
Cornus
White Flowering Dogwood (C. Florida) — Grows from 10 to 20 feet high; spreading, irregular form; flowers produced in spring before the leaves appear, about 3y2 inches in diameter; white and showy, very durable, lasting two weeks; foliage in a grayish-green, glossy and handsome, turning to a deep red in the fall; a valuable tree for ornamental planting.
ELM
Ulmus
American White Elm (U. Americana) — A mag- nificent tree growing 80 to 100 feet high, with
drooping, spreading branches; one of the grandest of our native trees; makes a lawn or street tree.
HACKBERRY
Celtis
American Nettle Tree (C. Occidentalis) — A rare native tree with numerous slender branches which spread horizontally, and thick rough bark; apple-like foliage, but more pointed and a bright shiny green; a very desirable tree for street planting.
KENTUCKY COFFEE TREE Gymnocladus
A very ornamental, hardy tree of upright, rapid growth with rough bark and coarse branches; foliage of a bluish-green color; flowers white followed by long pods. The name Coffee tree comes from the fact of the seeds in the pods having been used by early settlers as a substitute for coffee.
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KOELREUTERIA
Varnish Tree (K. Paniculata) — A small, hardy round- headed tree with fine lobed leaves and large pani- cles of showy-yellow flowers the latter end of July; leaves change in the fall to a fine yellow; grows to 25 to 30 feet high.
LARCH. Larix
American Larch (L. Americana) — A tall tree, form- ing a pyramidal head; bark reddish-brown, branches slender; leaves long and slender, of a light blue color; canes small and oval; makes a very beauti- ful lawn tree and is also serviceable as a wind- break.
European Larch (L. Europea) — A native of the Alps of the south of Europe; an elegant growing pyra- midal tree; valuable for timber.
LINDEN. Tilia
American Linden or Basswood (T. Americana) — Grows about 60 feet high, rapid growing, large size, forming a broad round-topped head; leaves broadly oval, dark green above, light green underneath; flowers are creamy- white and fragrant; a splendid street or lawn tree.
European Linden (T. Europea) — A very fine pyra- midal tree of large size with large leaves and fra- grant flowers; the leaves change in the fall to beautiful tones of yellow and brown.
LOCUST. Gleditschia
Silver Leaf Maple.
Honey Locust (G. Traicanthos) — A rapid-grow- ing native tree with powerful spines and deli- cate foliage; the greenish flowers appearing in early summer are followed by flat pods 8 to 10 inches long; used extensively for hedges.
LOCUST OR ACACIA. Robinia
flowers are white or yellowish, very fragrant and appear in June.
MAGNOLIA
Cucumber Tree (M. Acuminata) — A majestic pyramidal tree growing to a height of 90 feet with large bluish-green leaves 6 to 8 inches
Black or Yellow Locust (R. Pseud-acacia) — A native tree of large size, rapid growth and valuable for timber as well as ornamental;
long; flowers yellowish-white; fruit when green resembles a cucumber.
Magnolia, Soulang’s.
Soulang’s Magnolia (M. Soulangeana) — A large shrub or small tree; leaves dark green, expanding after the flowers have fallen; flowers large cup- shaped, white flushed with rosy pink and quite fragrant.
MAPLE. Acer
Box Elder or Ash Leaved Maple (A. Negundo)— Large spreading tree of rapid growth, 70 feet high; foliage smaller than in other maples; very fre- quently planted for windbreaks and timber; very hardy.
Schwedlers Maple (A. Platanoides Schwedlerli) — A beautiful variety with very large bronze-red leaves and young shoots of the same color; a vigorous grower and a most effective ornamental tree: grows about 50 feet high.
Silver Leaved or Soft Maple (A. Dasycarpum) — A rapid growing tree of large size, irregular rounded form; foliage bright green above and silver be- neath; a favorite street and park tree; attains about the same height or taller than the Norway.
36
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Norway Maple (A. Platanoides) — A large handsome tree, with broad, deep green foliage; has a very compact growth; attains a height of 100 feet; a valuable tree for parks, lawns or streets.
Sugar or Hard Maple (A. Saccharum) — A well-known native tree, valuable both for the production of sugar and wood; very desirable as an ornamental shade tree.
Sycamore Maple (A. Pseudo Platanus) — A native of Europe; leaves large, deep green and smooth; bark smooth and ash gray color; rapid upright growth; a beautiful tree for street planting.
Wier’s Cut Leaved Maple (A. Wierii Laciniatum)— A variety of the Silver-leaved and one of the most beautiful with cut or dissected foliage; rapid growth, shoots slender and drooping; ranks among the best as an attractive lawn or street tree.
MOUNTAIN ASH. Sorbus
American (Mountain Ash) — A small tree with spreading branches, forming a round crown, leaves dark green, turning yellow in autumn; flowers white and flat cymes, followed later by showy clusters of bright scarlet berries.
European Mountain Ash (S. Aucuparia) — A fine tree with dense and regular head; covered from mid- summer to winter with great clusters of bright scarlet berries.
Oak Leaved Mountain Ash (S. Quercifolia) — A hardy tree of fine pyramidal habit; foliage deeply lobed, bright green above and downy underneath; one of the finest lawn trees.
MULBERRY. Morus
Russian Mulberry (M. Alba Tartarica) — See Mulberries, Page 40.
Norway Maple OLIVE. Eleganus
Russian Olive (E. Angustifolia) — A very large shrub or small tree; leaves narrow and silvery-white, flowers yellow and fragrant; very hard; stands trimming and makes a beautiful hedge.
OAKS. Quercus
Pin Oak (Q. Palustris) — A magnificent tree for lawn and street planting with deep green foliage which changes to a rich scarlet and yellow in the fall; a most shapely and grace- ful tree.
Red Oak (Q. Rubra) — Makes a tree of great height 80 to 100 feet; a native of large size and rapid growth; leaves dark dull green, turning to orange and brown in autumn ; acorns very large; a beautiful specimen tree for park and street planting.
Scarlet Oak (Q. Coccinea) — A rapid growing pyramidal tree, especially beautiful in the fall, when the foliage changes from green to a bright scarlet; very symmetrical in outline.
PERSIMMON. Diospyros
American Persimmon (D. Virginiana) — A na- tive variety with round top head and spread- ing often pendulous branches; foliage dark green and very dense; fruit over an inch in diameter, pale orange-yellow, with a whitish bloom; delicate flower, very astring- ent, until full ripe, or after early frosts; makes a beautiful lawn tree.
Wier’s Cut Leaved Maple
PLUM. Prunus
Purple Leaved Plum (P. Pissardi) — Tree -Of medium size, wood and leaves dark purple; fruit is also purple until ripened; a native of Persia; one of the most conspicuous ornamental trees.
37
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Carolina Poplar
habit; leaves large, glossy green above and white underneath; prefers a moist soil, but grows any- where.
RED BUD Cercis
Judas Tree or Red Bud (C. Canadensis) — A medium size tree with large irregular head and perfect heart-shaped leaves; derives its name Red Bud from the profusion of delicate reddish-pink blos- soms with which it is covered in early spring be- fore the foiliage appears; one of the finest orna- mental trees.
SALISBU Rl A
Maiden Hair or Gingko (S. Adantifoilia) — Very ef- fective for lawns, foliage fern-like, yellowish green marked with delicate, hair-like lines. The fruit which matures in the fall have a sweetish, resin- ous taste.
SYCAMORE
Platanus
American Sycamore or Plane Tree — (P. Occidentalis) — A well-known tree. Very common throughout the United States; leaves heart-shaped at base, short lobes sharp pointed; branches are wide spreading.
Oriental Plane or European Sycamore (P. Orientalis) — A rapid growing, erect tree with bright green foliage; much more esteemed than the American variety as a shade tree; very desirable for parks, street and lawns.
POPLAR
Populus
A urea — Fine golden yellow foliage, retaining its brilliancy throughout the season.
Balm of Gilead (P. Balsamifera) — A strong growing spreading native tree, esteemed for its vigor and hardiness; leaves broad and heart-shaped, green above and rusty white beneath; makes a good street tree and is best of the Poplars for shade.
Bolles Silver Poplar (P. Alba Bolleana) — A very com- pact, upright grower, with glossy leaves, green above and silver underneath; one of the most desirable of the Poplars.
Carolina Poplar (P. Monolifera) — Pyramidal in form and vigorous in growth; leaves large, glossy, pale to deep green;; valuable for street planting on ac- count of its rapid growth.
Lombardy Poplar (P. Fastigiata) — Attains a height of 100 to 150 feet; well-known for its erect, rapid growth and tall, spiry form; an indispensable tree for landscape gardening to break the monotony of most other trees.
Norway Poplar (Sudden Sawlog) — Tree very hardy; is being planted quite extensively in many sec- tions. Similar to Carolina Poplar in growth and appearance, but is claimed to be of more rapid growth and retains its size better as it mounts upward, and thus produces more lumber. Will thrive in most any soil or location. Valuable for street and park planting also for screens and shelter belts.
Silver Leaved Poplar (P. Alba var. Nivea) — A tree of wonderfully rapid growth and wide spreading
Norway Poplar
38
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THORN. Crataegus
Double White Thorn (Oxyacantha, var alba flore pleno) — A small tree with spreading spiny branches; very hardy and will thrive in any dry soil; has small double white flow- ers; a very highly ornamental tree.
Double Pink Thorn (C. Oxyacantha; var. coc- flore pleno) — Same as above, but with flow- ers of a beautiful pink color.
English Hawthorne (C. Oxyacantha) — Well- known English variety extensively used for hedges; flowers single white.
Paul’s Double Scarlet (C. Oxyacantha; var. coc- cinea flore pleno) — Flowers a bright carmine red; superior to any of its color.
TULIP TREE. Liriodendron
Tulip Tree (L. Tulipfera) — A magnificent rapid growing tree of pyramidal form attaining a height of 150 feet, with light green, glossy fiddle-shaped leaves and greenish-yellow tulip- shaped flowers; also known as white wood.
WALNUT
Black — (See page 23).
WILLOW. Salix
Russian Golden (S. Vitellina aurea) — At the present time one of the most planted of all the willows and a very important tree, both from an economical and ornamental stand- point. It makes a round topped tree of sym- metrical form. One of its strongest orna- mental features is the bright, clear, golden- yellow bark which offers a pleasing contrast wherever it is used. The variety which is now generally grown under this name is quite distinct from that to which it was formerly given. This type was brought from Russia by Prof. Budd, under the name of
Salix Aurea and it is superior not only for its hardiness, but for its ornamental features as well.
Betula
Cut Leaved Weeping Birch
(B. Alba, var. pendula la- ciniata) — Undoubtedly one of the most popular of all weeping or pendu- lous trees; tall and slen- der, graceful drooping branches, silvery-white bark, delicately cut fol- iage ; makes an attrac- tive specimen; growth
Cut Leaved Weeping Birch.
Laurel Leaved Willow (S.
Laurifolia) — A fine or- namental tree with very large shining leaves.
Weeping Trees
BIRCH
Camperdown Weeping Elm.
vigorous.
39
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ELMS U Imus
Camperdown Weeping Elm (U. Scabra var. Pendula) —This forms one of the most picturesque of the drooping trees; forms a large, umbrella-like head, spreading many feet in every direction; very rapid grower, making a growth of several feet in a season; leaves are large, dark green and glossy, and cover the tree with a dense mass of verdure.
MOUNTAIN ASH Sarbus
Weeping Mountain Ash (Sorbus Aucuparia, var. pendula) — A beautiful tree of rapid growth and de- cidely pendulous and trailing habit. One of the most desirable of lawn trees.
MULBERRY
Morus
Iowa Weeping Mulberry — Originated in Iowa County, Iowa; similar to the Teas in habit of growth, but hardier and a more vigorous grower; a valuable ornamental weeping tree.
Globe Head Mulberry — Heads very round, compact; one of the best for ornamental purposes.
Tea’s Weeping Mulberry (M. Alba, var Tartarica pendula) — One of the most graceful and hardy weeping trees; forms a perfect umbrella-shaped head with long, slender willowy branches drooping to the ground; admirably adapted to ornamenting lawns or cemetery; the foliage is beautiful and the tree is wonderfully vigorous and healthy; will withstand the cold of the north and the heat of the south.
WILLOW
Salix
Babylonian Weeping Willow (S. Babylonica) — The well-known, common weeping willow;
American Arbor Vitae
makes a large tree covered with drooping branches.
Wisconsin Weeping Willow (S. Babylonica var. dolorosa) — Of drooping habit and considered the hardiest; valuable on acount of its ability to resist severe cold.
EVERGREENS
ARBOR VITAE
Thuya
American Arborvitae (T. Occidentalis) A beautiful evergreen, valuable for screens and hedges. Stands trimming better than any other evergreen; also makes a nice or- namental tree. Habit of growth pyramidal, with soft, light green foliage dense in growth from ground up.
Hovey’s Golden Arbor Vitae (T. Occidentalis var. Hoveyi) — A very pretty dwarf species of compact form, with bright golden foliage; very fine and hardy.
Globosa (Globe Arbor Vitae) — Round, compact form and dense foliage; very hardy; does well planted in tubs for winter porch decorations.
Pyramidal Arbor Vitae (T. Occidentalis var. pyramidalis) — A densely branched variety forming a perfect column; holds its shape without trimming or pruning; hardy and will succeed anywhere the American Arbor Vitae does; a very ornamental type for many kinds of planting.
Siberian Arbor Vitae (T. Occidentalis var. Sibererica) — Exceedingly hardy and keeps its color well into winter; compact and pyra- midal; of great value for lawns, screens and hedges.
BOXWOOD
Boxwood (Buxus) — Most extensively used of the Evergreen shrubs for indoor, porch and lawn decoration; the beautiful, short dense foliage is the richest green of any ?vnib; thick and substantial.
40
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FIR. Abies
Balsam Fir (A. Balsamea) — A very erect, regular pyramidal tree with dull, dark green foliage; rapid growth and very hardy.
Concolor Fir (A. Concolor) — A very beautiful species with yellow bark on the young branches; leaves green arranged in double rows; equal in color and beauty to the Colorado Blue Spruce.
JUNIPER. JUNIPERUS
Blue Juniper (Juniperus Glauca) — Its compact coni- cal form and beautiful blue glaucous foliage makes it one of the choicest of all Junipers.
Irish Juniper (J. Communis var. Hibernica) — A dis- tinct and beautiful variety of erect, dense conical outline, resembling a pillar of green.
Red Cedar (J. Virginiana) — Well-known native tree; varies much in habit and color of foliage; very at- tractive in winter when the golden bronze of the young growth contrasts with the dark green of the older.
Savin Juniper (J. Sabina) — A dwarf, spreading shrub with trailing branches; thrives in poor soils and is valuable for rock work.
Swedish Juniper (J. Communis, var. Suecica) — A small sized handsome pyramidal tree with yellow- ish-green foliage; quite hardy.
PINE. Pinus
Austrian or Black Pine (P. Austriaca)— A native of Syria; tree robust, hardy and spreading; leaves long, stiff and dark green; rapid growth; very valuable for this country.
Scotch Pine
Irish Juniper
Bull Pine (P. Ponderosa) — Forms a stout, spreading tree; a rapid grower; branches heavy and rough coated with bark; foliage dark green, the needles growing out at right angles to the wing; very hardy.
Jack Pine (P. Divaricata) — The most northern of all American pines; valued for its extreme hardi- ness and vigor; withstands long drouths and hot dry winds; of rather irregular and shrubby growth; foliage bright green, needles short and stiff.
41
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Mugho (Dwarf Mountain Pine) — This is the most beautiful of all dwarf Pines. It forms a lop top, with as- cending branches, and the breadth of the tree is frequently double its height; foliage bright green; a val- uable tree for ornamental planting.
Scotch Pine (P. Sylvestrus) — A native of Europe; a fine robust, rapid-grow- ing tree with stout, erect shoots and silvery green foliage; very hardy.
Red Cedar — See Juniper.
Koster’s Spruce
light colored and foliage silver-gray; very hardy.
SPRUCE
Picea
Black Hills Spruce (P. Nigra) — A beautiful tree with drooping branch- es and fine yew-like foliage; per- fectly hardy.
Colorado Blue Spruce (P. Pungens) — One of the most beautiful and hardy of all the Spruces; in form and habit similar to the White Spruce; foliage a rich light bluish-green.
Douglas’ Spruce (A. Douglasi) — A na- tive of Colorado; large, conical form; branches spreading, horizontal; leaves light green above, silvery- white below.
Hemlock Spruce (A. Canadensis). A graceful and beautiful native tree with drooping branches and delicate dark foliage, distinct from all other trees; a handsome lawn tree and makes a very ornamental hedge.
Koster’s Blue Spruce (P. var Koster- ana) — A type of the Colorado Blue spruce; it is the highest colored and most striking of all the Evergreens for lawn planting; the foliage is a rich and beautiful silver- blue; very hardy.
Norway Spruce — A lofty tree of per- fect pyramidal form, remarkably el- egant and rich, and as it gets age has fine pendulous branches; it is exceedingly picturesque and beau- tiful. One of the best evergreens for hedges and windbreaks. Largely used for Christmas trees.
White Spruce (P. Alba) — A native tree of medium size and pyramidal form; bark
Ornamental Shrubs
ACACIA
Robina Flowering Locust Rose Acacia (R. Hispida) — A native species of spreading, irregular habit; long clusters of pea-shaped, rose-colored flowers. In June and at intervals through the season; foliage a light green.
ALTHEA Hibiscus Syriacus
Rose of Sharon — One of the most showy and beautiful of shrubs; flowers large, double and
many brilliant colors; blooms freely in Au- gust and September, when few other trees and shrubs are in blossom.
Ardens — Violet color; petals quilled; very large and double.
Boule de Feu — Violet red color; very double; blooms late.
Duchess de Brabant — Reddish-lilac color; very large and double.
Elegantissima — Double white.
Rubra Flore Pleno — Double red.
42
Japanese Barberry Hedge
Jean de Arc — One of the best; pure white and double.
Lady Stanley — Very double white with beauti- ful blush.
Pulcherrima — Large, double, rosy-white.
Totus Albus — Single, pure white, very fine.
Variegated Leaved — Foliage finely marked with light yellow; flowers purple and double.
ALMOND.
Amygdalus
Pink Double Flowered Almond (A. Flore pleno Rosea) — A vigorous, beautiful tree, covered in May with rose-colored blossoms like small roses; hardy.
White Double Flowered Almond (A. Flore pleno Alba) — Same as above except blossoms are pure and white.
Amorpha
A. Fruticoca (False Indigo) — Grows 6 to 10 feet high in large, spreading bush form, with bright green leaves in pinnate arrangement; flowers deep violet blue in June.
Aralia Pentaphylia — Long, slender, gracefully arching branches, and bright green compound foliage; makes a small tree in time; greenish- white flowers in long umbels.
BARBERRY.
Berberis
Barberry Thunbergii (Japanese Barberry) — There is no shrub in existence so generally planted or more practical for all purposes where beautiful foliage effect is desired than this. It is dwarf growing, uniformly bushy and rounded in form, susceptible to formal pruning, with small, numerous leaves densely covering the thorny twigs. These give it paramount importance for use as a filler, and edging for shrubbery groups; as a founda- tion screen in front of porches, and, above all, as a compact, impassable, hardy, low hedge for confining lawns or dividing prop- erties. As dainty in character as Maiden
Hair Fern, the foliage throughout spring and summer graduates from brightest to richest green; while autumn makes them blaze with crimson, scarlet and gold. Following the close-set, small flowers of creamy white are oval fruits which gleam readily along every branch in late fall and far into winter.
BUCKTHORN.
Rhamnus
R. Cartharticus — A very fine vigorous, hardy shrub of European origin, with dark green foliage, white flowers, and small black fruit; a popular hedge plant.
BUDDLEIA
Butterfly Bush (Summer Lilac) — One of the most admired and sought after shrubs in the trade. Of quick, bushy growth. The lovely bloom spikes appear in July and bloom pro- fusely until cold weather. The blossoms have the tint and the shape of the Spring Li- lac and their delightful perfume attracts numerous large and gorgeously colored but- terflies that swarm about it as though vieing with it in brilliancy of color. Flower spikes ten inches in length by three inches in di- ameter are not unusual.
CALYCANTHUS.
Sweet Scented Shrub
C. Floridus — -A native species, with double chocolate flowers, very fragrant, and the wood is also fragrant and the foliage rich, dark green; blooms in June and at intervals afterwards.
CARAGANA.
Siberian Pea
Siberian Pea Tree (C. Arborescens) — A shrub or low tree with pea-shaped yellow flowers; hardy and useful for massing.
CEPHALANTHUS
Button Bush (C. Occidentalis) — A tall-growing native shrub, with globe-shaped heads of white flowers in July.
43
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Double Flowered Deutzia (D. Crenata flore pleno)
COLUTEA
Bladder Senna (C. Arborescens) — A large shrub with small, delicate foliage and yellow pea blossom shaped flowers in June, followed by reddish pods.
CURRANT. Ribes
Crimson Flowered Currant (R. Sanguineum) — A native variety with deep red flowers, blooms early in the spring.
Crandall’s — A seedling from the West; blooms
profusely; bright yellow flowers; fruit of a red black color.
Gorden’s Flowering Currant (R. Gordonianum) — Very hardy and profuse blooming; flowers are beautiful pink, blooms in pendant bunches; blooms in May.
Yellow Flowered Currant (R. Aureum) — A na- tive species with beautiful shning foliage and yellow flowers, known as the Missouri Flowering Currant.
Pride of Rochester
DESMODIUM
Sweet Pea Shrub (D. Penduliflorum) — A low growing shrub having rose-purple, pea-shaped blossoms in great profusion; blooms in September and continues until late October; tops die down after frost, but come up again in the spring; a valuable shrub for massing or borders.
DEUTZIA
Double Flowered Deutzia (D. Crenata flore pleno) — A very hardy shrub with luxuriant foliage and a profusion of double white flowers tinged with rose; produced in late June on long racemes; one of the most desirable in cultivation.
Lemoinei (D. Lemoinei)— Flowers pure white;; shrub dwarf and free flower- ing; excellent for forcing.
Pride of Rochester — Produces large double white flowers, tinged with rose; vigorous grower, profuse bloomer and one of the earliest to bloom.
Slender Branched Deutzia (D. Gracilis) — Of dwarf habit; flowers pure white; one of the first to bloom; fine for pot culture and winter blooming.
DOGWOOD. Cornus
Golden Dogwood (C. Stolouifera Lutea) — Similar to the Red, except that it has yellow bark.
European Red Dogwood (C. Sanguinea) — A valuable shrub for grouping and massing; very ornamental in winter when the bark is blood red; foliage dark green.
44
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Red Osier Dogwood (S. Stolonifera) — Produces white flowers in early June; in winter young shoots are a blood red color.
Siberian. Dogwood (C. Siberica) — Free growing, 6 to 19 feet tall, and very hardy; forms a small, hand- some tree in some situations; its clusters of small, white flowers in early summer are very dainty, and its bark is a showy, dark red in winter. All the Siberian Dogswoods bear in early fall a pro- fusion of whitish blue berries, making them dis- tinctly ornamental after the flowers have gone.
Variegated Leaved Dogwood (C. Elegantissima Var- iegata) — Foliage a pale yellow, turning to a rose color in the fall; branches blood red.
ELEAGNUS
Russian Olive (E. Angustifolia) — See page 37.
Japanese Silver Thorn (E. Longipes) — A shrub about six feet high; flowers yellowish-white and fragrant; fruit very ornamental with an agreeable slightly acid flavor; one of the most desirable for lawns.
ELDER. Sambucus
Common Elder (S. Canadensis) — A large, showy shrub, very ornamental in foliage, fruit and flow- ers.
Cut Leaved Elder (S. Nigra, var. Laciniata) — One of the best cut leaved shrubs; a valuable variety with elegantly divided leaves.
Golden Elder (S. Nigra, var. aurea) — A handsome variety with golden-yellow foliage.
Siberian Dogwood
EXOCHORDA. Pearl Bush Pearl Bush (E Grandiflora) — A fine shrub, pro- ducing large white flowers in May; one of the finest in its season.
FORSYTH IA. Golden Bell Fortune’s Forsythia (F. Fortuni) — A beautiful
shrub of medium size; flowers are a bright yellow and appear before the leaves; foliage deep green; the best of the early flowering shrubs.
F. Intermedia — Flowers bright golden yellow; foliage glossy green; resembles the viridis- sima, but hardier; a valuable variety.
F. Viridissima — A fine, hardy
variety; leaves and bark deep green; flowers deep yellow; early bloomer.
Weeping Forsythia (F. Sus- pensa) — Resembles the For- tune in its flowers, but the growth is somewhat drooping.
FRINGE TREES
See Purple Fringe — Page 47.
HONEYSUCKLE BUSH Lonicera
Bella Albida — Flowers, white, followed by attractive red berries.
Fragrant Bush Honeysuckle (L
Fragrantissima) — A spreading shrub with deep green foliage and fragrant small flowers which appear before the leaves; bushes are erect in growth.
Pink Tartarian Honeysuckle (L.
Tartarica rosea) — Pink flow- that make a lovely contrast with the foliage; planted with the Grandiflora, the two make a beautiful display.
Grandiflora Honeysuckle (L. T. var. Grandiflora) — Produces large, bright red flowers, striped with white; blooms in
Fringe Trees
June.
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HYDRANGEA
Hydrangea (Arborescens Grandiflora) — A grand addition to the summer-flow- ering shrubs; dwarfing the show of other sorts in July and August by the magnitude and profusion of its flower- heads. The flowers are similar to the familiar “Snowball” in apperance, and are so conspicuously white and im- posing that whether as single speci- mens, as cut flowers, or in groupings their presence is predominant.
Chinese Tree Lilac (Pekinensis) — Foliage smooth, shining green; spikes of creamy white flowers; blooms late; makes a large shrub.
Chinese Weeping Lilac (Pekinensis Pen- dula)— Same as the above, of graceful drooping habit.
Hungarian Lilac (S. Josikea) — A fine dis- tinct species of tree-like growth, dark shining leaves and purple flowers in June; a very desirable variety.
Red Tartarian Honeysuckle (L. T. var. rubra) — Blooms early in the spring; flowers a beautiful bright red.
White Tartarian Honeysuckle (L. T. var. Alba) — Produces creamy-white fra- grant flowers in May and June; forms a high bush.
LILAC. Syringa
The lilacs are well known, beautiful shrubs, indispensable in every collection.
Japan Tree Lilac (S. Japonica) — A species from Japan, becoming a good sized tree; foliage dark glossy green; flowers creamy white; a late bloomer.
Persian Lilac (S. Persica) — Grows 4 to 6 feet high, foliage small and flowers a bright purple.
Persian White Lilac (S. Persica, var. Alba) — Delicate white, fragrant flowers, shaded with purple.
Persian Red Lilac (S. Rothomagensis, var. rubra) — Reddish flowers borne in panicles of great size and very abundant.
Hydrangea (Paniculata Grandiflora) — Panicled Hardy Hydrangea. Familiar to almost everyone as the most con- spicuous shrub in any collection dur- ing August and September. Its mas- sive plumes of white flowers bend the branches with their weight, changing finally to pink and bronzy green. The shrub shows best to advantage when grown in rich beds or masses and cut back severely every spring before growth stars. Grown in this way it produces fewer flower-heads, but much finer ones. Sometimes grown in tree form, mak- ing a strong, vigorous bush six to eight feet high.
JAPAN QUINCE Cydonia Scarlet Japan Quince (C. Japonica) — One of the best flowering shrubs; flowers a bright
Hydrangea P. G.
scarlet crimson, borne in great profusion in early spring; foliage retains its color of bright glossy green the entire summer; hardy; make good hedge plants.
KERRIA
Globe Flower (C. Japonica) — A slender green branched shrub, 5 to 6 feet high, with globe shaped yellow flowers from July- to October; very ornamental.
White Lilac
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Purple Lilac (S. Vulgaris) — The well-known purple variety; always a standard sort.
Red Lilac (S. Vulgaris rubra) — Flowers a red- dish-violet color.
White Lilac (S. Vulgaris alba) — Too well- known to need description; flowers white and fragrant.
SINGLE LILACS
Charles X — A strong, rapid growing variety; large shining leaves; flowers reddish purple.
IVIarie LeGraye — Large panicles of white flow- ers; the finest white Lilac.
Rubra DeMarly — Flowers very dark Lilac.
Souvenir de Ludwig Spaeth — Flowers a dark purple, borne in large panicles; the best of the dark varieties.
DOUBLE LILACS
Alphonse Lavalle — Flowers a bluish-Lilac.
Belle de Nancy — Flowers pink with a white center.
Mme. Abel Chatenay — Flowers white, borne in compact panicles.
Mme. Casimir Perier — Flowers white, borne in large, graceful panicles.
President Grevy — Panicles large, pale blue and very double.
PLUM
Prunus
Double Flowered Plum (P. Triloba) — A very desirable addition to the hardy shrubs; flowers double and delicate pink, and thickly set on long, slender branches; blooms in May.
Purple Leaved Plum (P. Pissardi) — See orna- mental trees on page 35.
PURPLE FRINGE OR SMOKE TREE Rhus.
R. Cotinus — A valuable ornamental shrub; has curious fringe or hairlike flowers that cover the whole tree, giving the appearance of mist or smoke; wide spreading habit which re- quires some room to grow to the best ad- vantage.
PRIVET
Ligustrum
Amoor River Privet (L. Amurense) — A valuable ornamental shrub for hedges and borders; very hardy; foliage glossy green and holds its color almost the entire year; will stand shearing to any extent.
California Privet (L. Ovalifolium) — The well- known variety; vigorous where hardy; deep, glossy green; useful for hedges and borders.
English Privet (L. Vulgaris) — Foliage narrow; showy white flowers in June, followed by fruit.
Ibota Privet (L. Ibota) — A native of China and Japan; foliage long and shining; flowers large, white and fragrant; a distinct sort; valuable for its flowers and foliage.
Regel’s Privet (L. Regelianum) — A dense low shrub with spreading branches, pendant at the end; a very graceful bush for hedges; needs very little trimming.
RHODOTYPOS
Rhodotypos (Kerrioides) — A distinct, decora- tive shrub; foliage very large and handsome; branches clustered with delicate white, pen- dulous flowers in spring, followed by black berries which persist throughout the winter.
SNOW BALL Viburnum
Common Snowball (V. Opulus Sterilis) — Grows 6 to 8 feet high, the old fashioned snowball; its large globular clusters of pure white flow- ers are produced in May and June and makes a very attractive appearance.
High Bush Cranberry (V. Opulus) — It has hand- some broad foliage of a shining dark green color, changing to rich coppery tints; flowers are white and very conspicous; the fruit is a brilliant scarlet and hangs in long pendent clusters nearly all winter; a very desirable ornament to any lawn.
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S. Bumalda — A handsome variety from Japan; dwarf habit and vigorous growth; foliage nar- row; flowers rose colored and borne in great profusion; blooms a long time.
Anthony Waterer — A fine dwarf Spirea with dark crimson flowers.
Douglas Spirea (S. Douglasi) — A beautiful variety with spikes of deep rose colored flow- ers in July and August.
Fortune’s Dwarf White Spirea (S. Callosa alba) — A white flowering variety of dwarf, sym- metrical form; keeps in flower all summer; a valuable sort.
Golden Leaved Nine Bark (S. Opulifolia, var. aurea)— A beautiful variety with golden, yel- low foliage and double white flowers in June.
Nine Bark (S. Opulifolia) — One of the most vigorous growers; foliage light green; flow- ers white and produced in great profusion.
Japan Snowball (V. Plicatum) — Foliage a hand- some olive-green; flowers are larger and more white than the Common Snowball; borne in dense heads; very ornamental.
Lantana (Wayfaring Tree) — The large, white flower clusters open in May and are followed by red fruit; has peculiar soft foliage; makes a good specimen.
SNOWBERRY
Symphoricarpus
Coral Berry (S. Vulgaris) — A slender branched upright shrub, valuable for planting in shady places, as the foliage is very persistent; the fruit is purplish red and hangs on well into winter; flowers small and rose colored.
Snowberry-Waxberry (S. Racemosus) — Same as the above except the berries are a pure, snow white; flowers rose colored, but larger.
Strawberry Tree (Burning Bush) Europeus — A large shrub or tree bearing rose-colored capsules with red seeds in autumn; striking- ly conspicuous.
SUMACH
Rhus.
Cut Leaved Staghorn Sumach (R. Typhina Laciniata) — A showy broad-headed shrub with large, long, deeply cut foliage, light green in color, changing to shades of red and yellow in the fall; the new growth is clothed with a peculiar down, giving an appearance of the growing horn of a deer; the bark below is a rich orange color.
Aromaitca — Sweet-scented, a low spreading shrub, with sweet-scented foliage.
Smooth Sumach (R. Glabra) — A shrub 8 feet high with handsome green foliage, changing to beautiful autumn tints; showy spike of crimson fruit.
SPIREA Meadow Sweet
Arguta — Of a dwarf habit, spreading head; flowers clear white; the best of the very early flowering white varieties; blooms in May.
Spirea Thunbergii
S. Prunifolia flore pleno — Foliage a dark shin- ing green changing to autumn tints in the fall; flowers double, pure white and are borne the entire length of the twigs; one of the most popular varieties.
Snowberry
Ash Leaved (S. Sorbifolia) — A vigorous grower with foliage similar to the Mountain Ash and long spikes of beautiful white flowers; blooms in July.
Billard’s Spirea (S. Billardi) — Flowers are rose colored; blooms nearly all summer.
48
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D. Candida — Flowers pure white produced in June and continue to bloom nearly all summer.
D. Eva Rathke — Flowers a bril- liant crimson; a beautiful clear, distinct shade.
D. Florabunda — A fine variety, flowers a dark red and pro- fuse bloomer.
Syringa
ful, with silvery foliage; pink flowers borne on short spikes on the young growth.
T. Hispida Aestivalis — Shrub with slender, up- right branches, somewhat spreading, leaves bluish green; flowers pink, borne in dense racemes, 2 to 3 inches long; August and Sep- tember. The hardiest and best of all the Tamarix.
T. Tetrandra Purpurea — A tall shrub with red- dish-brown bark and slender, spreading branches, purplish pink flowers.
WEIGELI A (Diervilla)
The Weigelias are shrubs of erect habit while young, but gradually spread and droop as they acquire age; flowers are large, trumpet-shaped, of all shades and colors; very effective for grouping and borders; blossoms are pro- duced in June and July.
Spirea Van Houttei
D. Rosea — An elegant variety with fine rose colored flowers appearing in June.
Reveesiana — Tall and graceful, with dark bluish green lanceolate fpliage and large, pure white double flowers in May and June.
Thunberg’s Spirea (S. Tliunbergii)- — Dwarf habit and rounded graceful form; branches slender and drooping; flow- ers pure white and borne the entire length of the twigs; foliage narrow and long, turning to orange scarlet in the fall.
Van Houttei Spirea (S. Van Houttei) — This is undoubtedly the most popular of all the varieties; foliage a rich green, changing to beautiful tints in the fall; in blooming season the bush is a perfect mass of pure white flow- ers, the branches bending to the ground; an indispensable ornament for lawns and hedges.
SYRINGA OR MOCK ORANGE Philadelphus
Garland Syringa (P. Coronarius) — A well- known shrub with pure white, very fragrant flowers; one of the first to bloom.
Golden Leaved Syringa (P. Coronarius, var. Aurea) — A handsome variety with golden-yellow foliage; keeps its color the entire season; is splendid for group- ing with other varieties for pleasing effects.
Gordon’s Syringa (P. Gordononianus) — A vigorous grower and profuse bloomer; flower white, fragrant, and a late bloomer.
Large Flowered Syringa (P. Grandiflorus) — Has very large showy flowers, somewhat fragrant; bark reddish; a rapid grower.
Lemoine’s Syringa (P. Lemoinei) — A graceful shrub with very rich foliage and large pure white fragrant flowers in June.
TAMARIX
T. Africana — A beautiful shrub with small leaves; similar to the Juniper; flowers are pink, small and delicate, borne on long spikes; blooms in May.
T. Amurensis — Growth is slender and grace-
49
Engelman’s Ivy
HARDY VINES
climbing plant with large trumpet-shaped scarlet flowers appearing in August.
Large Flowered Trumpet Creeper (B. Radicans* var. Grandiflora) — A beautiful variety with very large flowers, salmon colored, yellow center and striped with red.
CELASTRUS Bitter Sweet
Climbing Bitter Sweet (C. Scandens) — A native climber with fine large leaves ; yellow flowers and clusters of capsuled orange fruit; a rapid grower.
CLEMATIS
A beautiful class of hardy climbers, many of the varieties have flowers 5 to 6 inches in diameter. They are very vaulable for training around and over pillars, verandas, fences* rock work, etc.
Large Flowering Varieties Jackman ni — Large flowers five to six inches in diameter of a rich violet-purple color. Per- fectly hardy; one of the best in its class. Henryi — Flowers creamy-white and very large; a free bloomer.
Madam Edouard Andre — Flowers are a beauti- ful shade of crimson; a free bloomer.
Ramona — A vigorous grower and perpetual bloomer; flowers a deep rich lavender.
Small Flowering Varieties Coccinea — Flowers thick, bell-shaped, of a bright coral-red color; blooms profusely.
Pan icu lata — Probably the most popular of the small flowering sorts; vine is a rapid grower with glossy, green foliage; in September the
AKEBIA
Akebia Quinata — A Japenese variety of climb- ing shrub with large leaves and white, purple centered flowers.
AMPELOPSIS
American Ivy or Virginia Creeper (A. quinque- folia) — One of the finest vines for covering walls, verandas or trunks of trees; foliage green, turning to a rich crimson in autumn; a rapid grower and quickly fastens to any- thing it touchs.
Boston Ivy (A. Veitchii) — Leaves smaller than the American; forms a dense sheet of green as leaves overlap each other; is a little dif- ficult to start, but when once established re- quires no further care; foliage changes to a crimson scarlet in fall; very valuable for covering brick or stone structures, ro'ck- reies, walls, etc.
Engelman’s Ivy (A. quinque folia, var. Engle- manni) — A type of quinquefolia which has long been desired; it has shorter joints and smaller and thicker foliage. It is better equipped with tendrils, by which it will climb walls of stone or brick as closely as the Veitchii (Boston Ivy). It should be plant- ed in the central and northwestern states, in place of the Veitchii, as it is perfectly hardy, withstanding heat and could much better.
ARISTOLOCH I A
Dutchman’s Pipe — A native species of climbing habit and rapid growth; light green foliage, and pipe-shaped yellowish brown flowers.
BIGNONIA T ecoma
Trumpet Creeper. (B. Radicans) — A hardy
60
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flowers appear in a perfect mass of white, giving the appearance of a bank of snow; the fragrance is most delicious and penetrating.
Virginiana (American White Clematis) — Pro- duces immense quantities of small white flowers in August; a very rapid climber.
Viticella — A well-known variety; produces a profusion of medium sized flowers of a bright wine-red color from June to August.
HONEYSUCKLE. Lonicera
Chinese Twining Honeysuckle (L. Japonica) — A well-known vine, holding its foliage nearly all winter; blooms in July and September; very fragrant; also known as the Evergreen Honeysuckle.
Hall’s Japan Honeysuckle (L. Halleana) — A strong, vigorous vine with pure white flow- ers, changing to yellow; foliage remaim green well into winter; very fragrant and covered with flowers almost the entire sea- son; one of the best bloomers.
Japan Golden Leaved Honeysuckle (L. Aurea Reticulata) — A handsome variety, with the foliage beautifully netted or variegated with yellow.
Monthly Fragrant Honeysuckle (L. Pericly- menum, var. Belgica) — Blooms all summer; flowers red and yellow and very fragrant.
Scarlet Trumpet Honeysuckle (L. Sempervir- ens) — One of the handsomest in cultivation; a strong, rapid grower; flowers a bright scar- let, not much odor.
Yellow Trumpet Honeysuckle (L. Flava) — A strong native vine with brightest orange-yel- low trumpet-shaped flowers.
MADERIA
Maderia Vine — A rapid climbing plant, with thick glossy green foliage and fine white, fragrant flowers.
MATRIMONY VINE (Lycium)
Chinese Matrimony Vine (L. Sinensis) — A creeping or trailing vine, foliage a grayish green; flowers appear in June and continue blooming until Sept, or color varies from pink to purple; fruits are a bright crimson and make a beautiful contrast with the green foliage; valuable for trellises and fences.
WISTARIA
American Purple Wistaria (W. Magnifica) — Flowers are borne in dense, drooping clus- ters of a pale color; vine vigorous, hardy and a rapid grower.
Chinese Purple Wistaria (W. Sinensis) — One of the best of the Wistarias; rapid growing an delegant, attaining 15 to 20 feet in a season; flowers a pale-blue, borne in long pendulous clusters in May and June.
Chinese White Wistaria (W. Sinensis, Var. Alba) — Same as the Chinese Purple, except the flowers are pure white; very beautiful variety.
DECIDUOUS HEDGE
BARBERRY. Berberis
Japanese Barberry (B. Thunbergii) — A low, spreading bush, with small branches cov- ered with small sharp thorns and in spring with small yellow flowers, succeeded by bright scarlet berries, foliage changes in the autumn to shades of scarlet and gold; makes a dense, thick hedge.
HONEY LOCUST
Gieditschia
Three Thorned Honey Locust (G. Triacanthos) — A rapid growing native tree of medium size and spreading habits; leaves bright shining green, broad and sharp pointed; the fruit resembles an orange in size and color, fense, flowers a bright scarlet-crimson, in
JAPAN QUINCE
Cydonia Japonica
Scarlet Japan Quince (Japonica, var. rubra) — A beautiful flowering shrub, suitable for hedges, thorny enough to form a good de- fense, flowers a bright scarlet-crimson, in great profusion in the early spring.
OSAGE ORANGE Maclura
Osage Orange (M. Auriantica) — A native tree of medium size and spreading habit; leaves bright shining green, broad and sharp point- ed; the fruit resembles an orange in size and color.
Altheas, Privet, Roses Russian Olive, Spireas Tartarian Honeysuckle
(For descriptions of above see index for pages).
51
ROSES
A MONG all the flowering shrubs that make for beauty, grace and ornamenta- tion there is none that can compare with the rose. The wide range of color, shape and size of the blooms and the diversity and character of the foliage give it a wider range for decoration than any other single group of plants. \Vhen added to these qualifications are ease of culture, quick and ample response in blossoms, it is to be wondered that the rose has been aptly termed the “Queen of Flowers.” In nearly all collections of flowering and ornamental shrubs it occupies first place.
CULTURAL DIRECTIONS
Roses thrive best in a clay loam, enriched with well-rotted manure. They should also have an open, airy situation, unshaded by trees or buildings wherever possible. Dig up the soil thoroughly to a depth of 12 to 15 inches. Soak the beds occasionally with weak manure water.
HARDY ROSES
Roses delight in an open, airy situation, unshaded by trees and buildings. Always plant in solid beds and each class by itself. Hardy roses may be planted in the fall or spring, but for this latitude we recommend spring planting. Dor- mant plants set in the spring should be planted early, before growth is started. No plants suffer more by being planted late than does the rose.
As roses are raised mostly for their flowers, it is necessary to give that cul- ture to the plant best adapted to produce this result. A very rich soil is of the first importance, and it must be made so by thoroughly working into it plenty of old composted stable manure in which leaf mold has been decomposed.
All roses should be cut back closely at the time for planting. For Hybrid Perpetuals remove at least one-half of the previous year’s growth annually in the spring. In the ever-bloming class two-thirds of the previous year’s growth. Strong growing varieties require less pruning back than weak ones.
As soon as severe freezing weather sets in raise the earth around the plant 3 to 4 inches with leaves, straw or mellow soil.
Insects and Diseases — It is very important to keep your plants healthy and vigorous and free from diseases and insects. If troubled with green fly spray vigorously, covering thoroughly every part of the foliage with sulpho-tobacco, soap or kerosene emulsion, made by mixing two parts of kerosene with one part of sour milk. Dilute with twenty parts of soft water. . Bordeaux mixture is one of the best preventives from mildew and black spots, which are fungous diseases usually caused by continuous wet weather. By careful attention the dis- eases and insects may be kept down and plants will reward you with their beau- tiful blooms and foliage.
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HYBRID PERPETUALS
Alfred Colomb — Brilliant carmine-crimson; very large, full and globular shaped; very fragrant and a superb rose.
American Beauty — Deep pink approaching crimson, of exquisite form and fragrance, and large size.
Anne De Diesbach — Beautiful shade of car- mine; very large and fragrant; quite hardy and a good forcing rose.
Baron de Bonstetten — Rich, velvety maroon, large and full; a splendid sort.
Baroness Rothschild — Light pink; a fine show rose, but without much fragrance; hardy and a late bloomer.
Clio — One of the best; large, fine, globular form, flesh color, shading to rose in center; very vigorous.
Coquette des Alps — White, tinged with car- mine; very fine; a free bloomer.
Eugene Furst — Velvety crimson, shading to a deeper crimson; large, full and good shape; fragrant and beautiful.
Francois Levet— A splendid rose; cherry-red; medium size, well formed; vigorous and a free bloomer.
Frau Karl Druschki— Very large, perfect form and snow white; a vigorous grower and a
Frau Karl Druschki
and very effective, very fragrant and one of the hardiest.
General Washington — Large, rather flat in shape, bright red with crimson shading; very free bloomer.
free bloomer.
General Jacqueminot— One of the most popu- lar of the red roses; brilliant crimson, large
Gloire de Margottin — Brilliant scarlet; large semi-double, long bud; vigorous, fragrant and a free bloomer.
General Jacqueminot
John Hopper— Bright rose with carmine center; large and full; very free bloomer and a standard rose.
Jubilee — A splendid large flowering variety of intense color, bright maroon crimson, often almost a black- red; very showy; fragrance very lasting.
Jules Margottin — Bright cherry:red; large, full and very fragrant.
Louis Van Houtte — Red, shaded crimson, very vivid; large and fine form; fragrant; one of the best.
Mabel Morrison — White tinged with blush; a very valu- able white rose.
Magna Charta — Extra large and full, bright rosy-pink; a profuse bloomer and very hardy.
Madame Gabriel Luizet — Rich, soft pink and deep flesh colored center; large, full and sweet.
Margaret Dickson — Beautiful form, white with pale flesh center; petals very large; fragrant.
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Tom Wood — Very large, bright cherry-red with shell-shaped petals.
Ulrich Brunner — Rich crimson-scarlet, high per- fumed, vigorous and hardy; a very desir- able sort.
Vick’s Caprice — A fine striped rose of great beauty; full, double and finely formed; deep clear pink, striped with white; hardy and a good bloomer.
CLIMBING ROSES
American Pillar — Single flowers ranging from 2 to 3 inches in width. Brilliant carmine rose with a slight cream variegation and yellow stamens at center.
Baltimore Belle — A rapid growing, dark leaved Prairie Rose; blooms in large clusters of pale blush and white flowers late in the season.
Climbing American Beauty (new) — A new climbing form of a famous pink Rose so long the American favorite for cutting. The abun- dant bloom is in prime before the June Show of the bush type.
Empress of China — A hardy, rapid growing rose of twining habit; flowers are soft, rich red, shading to cherry-pink; the vines have few thorns.
Multiflora Japonica — Single white; fragrant; very pretty.
Prairie Queen — A rapid climber; flowers are very large; a bright rosy red, changing light- er as the flowers open; strong and vigorous.
Seven Sisters — One of the best of the old-fash- ioned sorts; flowers borne in clusters and color varies from dark to light red or pink.
Setigera or Prairie Rose — A climber that makes a beautiful display with its large single flow- ers of a deep rose color.
Marie Bauman — Brilliant carmine- crimson, large, full and very fra- grant ; extra fine.
Marshall P. Wilder — Extra large, full deep red; a free bloomer and very handsome.
Mrs. John Laing — Soft pink, beautiful form, exceedingly fragrant and very free flowering.
Mrs. R. G. Sherman-Crawford — Deep, rose pink, very double and full; vig- orous and a free bloomer.
Paul Neyron — Said to be the largest rose in cultivation; bright, clear pink, very fragrant, hardy and a strong grower.
Prince Camille de Rohan — Very dark, velvetly crimson, almost black,
Soliel d’Or (Sun of Gold) — A strong, hardy rose; large, full and double; golden orange-yellow tinged with red and rosy-pink; a magnificent rose.
Prairie Queen
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RAMBLER ROSES Crimson Rambler — The best known and most popular of the climbing roses, a rapid grower, making sometimes 15 to 20 feet in season; flowers are borne in clusters of 15 to 25 perfectly shaped blossoms of a rich glowing crimson; when in full bloom the vine appears to be a per- fect mat of rich red flowers; perfectly hardy everywhere.
Dorothy Perkins — This is one of the new Rambler types; has the same strong habit of growth as the Crimson; flow- ers are borne in large clusters of 25 to 30 and are a beauti- ful shell pink; the individual flower is larger than the Crim- son Rambler; a valuable ac- quisition to the climbing roses.
Excelsa (Red Dorothy Perkins) — A radiant, blood-red cluster Rose, as free and double as
Flower of Fairfield (The Everblooming Crim- son Rambler) — It carries the crimson splen- dor of the type from spring even into Novem- ber, commencing to bloom on the first young red shoots and adding size and brilliancy with its growth of wood.
Lady Gay — Another new type fully equal to the Crimson, bud opens, a deep pink, shad- ing to almost pure white when flowers are matured, borne in large clusters and very double.
Philadelphia — A splendid climbing rose with flowers more than two inches in diameter, very double, deep rich crimson, more intense than the bush; the flowers hold their color for a long time; vine is very hardy and a strong grower.
Pink Rambler — Flowers are double, of a clear shell pink, borne in large clusters; a valu- able rose for cutting.
Tausendschon (Thousand Beauties) — A rapid growing, almost thornless climber showing the blood of the Rambler, Polyantha and Tea parentage. Its innumerable flower clus- ters make a pretty show in June and July; at first, the soft pink of Clotilde soupert, and later deepening to a bright red carmine rose.
White Rambler — Flowers are pure white, very double and remain on the vine a long time.
Yellow Rambler— Same as the Pink, excepting flowers are a light yellow, changing to straw color; very fragrant.
White Dorothy Perkins — A beautiful white flowered counterpart of the pink Dorothy Perkins; vines are a sheet of white during blooming season; are good white roses.
BLUE RAMBLER
Veilchenblau (Violet Blue) — The new rambler, which is hailed by the rose growers as the forerunner of a genuinely cornflower blue rose, is a seedling of Crimson Rambler. The blossoms, massed in large umbels, are semi- double, of medium size. The color, on first unfolding, is either reddish pink or purplish pink, then turns amethyst, and finally steel blue as the flower fades. The general color impression is that of the March violet. The yellow stamens appear in sharp contrast to the blue petals. The plant is vigorous in growth, with shining green foliage and few but sharp thorns. So far it has not suffered from mildew and is considered one of the most hardy ramblers.
Dorothy Perkins, of which it is the red prototype; the clusters are very large.
Dorothy Perkins
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CLIMBING TEA AND NOI- SETTE ROSES
Climbing Meteor — A rich velvety crimson, strong growing shoots 15 to 21 ft. long in a single season; one of the best ever-blooming climbing roses in culti- vation.
Marechal Niel — Beautiful deep yellow, large, full and of a glove shape form, very highly perfumed.
HARDY EVERBLOOMING TEA AND HYBRID ROSES
Bridesmaid — Clear, bright pink; a constant bloomer, large, full and globular; one of the finest Teas. Very fragrant.
British Queen — The finest white rose, it is said, in existence.
Gruss an Teplitz— Flower dark, rich crimson, passing to fiery red as they mature; one of the brightest colored roses, large, full and sweet; vigorous grower and very hardy.
Duchess of Albany (Red La France) — ” Deep rose, nearly red.
K. A. Victoria.
Etoile de France — Flowers very large, borne on good long stiff stems; color lovely shade of clear red crimson velvet; a good grower and free bloomer; fine rich color; deliciously fragrant.
Helen Gould— One of the most satisfactory roses for general planting. The color is a rosy crimson. Thrifty - young plants.
Kaiserin Augusta Victoria — This marvelous rose has had many rivals for the place it still retains as the greatest white rose in existence. Strong, sturdy grower, flowering with utmost freedom. It holds first place as the most popular white rose for general planting. From early spring until late fall its glorious full double flowers, in all their perfection, are produced continuously on long, stiff, erect stems; color, delicate creamy-white, with a delicious magnolia-like fragrance; exquisite buds; absolutely hardy.
♦Lady Hillingdon — A splendid new yellow va- riety, giving quick response to forcing treat- ment and one of the most prolific cut flow- ers. Color deep apricot-yellow, varying to orange.
Richmond— Scarlet crimson of most brilliant hue. Buds long and pointed, open flowers beautifully formed. Unusual and typical fragrance; foliage attractive.
White Killarney (Waban Rose Co., 1909) — A pure white, sport of the popular Killarney Rose, identical in every way with its parent, excepting in color, which is a pure white.
♦Mrs. Aaron Ward — Buds are deeply cupped, the open flowers delightfully attractive. Color deep golden orange, shading outward to creamy yellow.
Etoile de France.
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imperial pink of the inside of the flower as the pet als unfold and curl and the exquisite blooms are produced freely on stiff, erect stems; flowers large, perfectly formed and highly perfumed.
Papa Gontier — Very large, rich rosy-red, full and sweet; a strong grower and constant bloomer.
Sunburst — Produces buds and flowers on strong, upright stems, suitable for cutting; color, the ex- quisite and popular orange, copper and golden yellow
The Bride — One of the very best pure white ever blooming roses extra large, buds and flowers pure cream-white, sometimes tinted with blush.
POLYANTHA ROSES
Clotilde Soupert — Flowers are borne in large clusters all over the bush; large, full and double; very fragrant; beautiful cream-white, tinted with amber at center and clear bright pink.
Crimson Baby Rambler — One of the best hardy bedding roses; vigorous and grow 18 to 24 inches; flowers are borne in clusters of 20 or more to the cluster; perfectly hardy and is good for pot culture for winter blooming; color a bright crim son-pink.
Erna Teschendorf — The color of the flowers is the brightest red; the flowers are large and very double and are produced in constant succession throughout the whole season.
Killarney — One of the most beautiful roses grown, strong, vigorous, perfectly hardy and in every way a rose that should be more cultivated; flowers are very large, but long and pointed; color a briliant shining pink; one of the best Tea varieties.
La France (Pink)— One of the most popular roses in cultivation; buds and flow- ers of lovely form and grand size; color, fine, peach blossom, elegantly clouded with rosy pink.
Madam Caroline Testout —
Color is brilliant, satiny rose, deepening in center to clear red; it is of ex- cellent substance and keeps its color well.
Madam Cochet — This is one of four of the most beauti- ful roses in cultivation; we have them in all colors, pink, red, white and yellow.
Jonkheer J. L. Mock — The whole rose-growing public praises this famous rose, which gained the distinc- tion of being a winner of the Grand Prize, Highest Award, at the International Rose Show held at Paris. The color is carmine on the outside which contrasts beautifully with the lovely
Baby Rambler
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Eugene Lamesch — An orange-yellow rose; pop- ular; hardy.
Baby Orleans — Geranium red, with a distinct center of pure white; remarkably free blooming and of unexcelled keeping quali- ties; a great favorite; flowers numerous, but not crowded.
‘Baby Dorothy (Pink) — Dwarf rose, with large clusters of blooms, same color as the popu- lar Dorothy Perkins and the prettiest pot rose on the market.
Pink Baby Rambler — Of the same free flower- ing class as the Crimson Rambler. Blos- soms a shade of deep rose, with petals curled and twisted, producing a fluffy effect. Hardy, vigorous grower and foliage is very beautiful.
White Baby Rambler — Blooms all summer and blossoms are produced in great abundance. Cream-white, passing to snow white.
JAPANESE TRAILING ROSES
WICH U RIAN A HYBRID
Manda’s Triumph- — Flowers are medium sized, perfectly double, pure white and very fra- grant; plant an erect grower; dark green fol- iage and is very hardy.
Pink Roamer — Flowers are single, and from 2 to 3 inches in diameter; rich pink with sil- very white center and orange red stems; ex- ceedingly fragrant.
South Orange Perfection — Belongs to the Pink Roamer class, and blooms freely in clusters; color rosy blush, changing to white; flowers are perfect rosettes in form.
Universal Favorite — Flowers are bright pink, double and in every way equal to the double white varieties.
MOSS ROSES
Blanch Moreau — Pure white, large and full, per- fect form and well furnished with deep green moss. Very strong grower.
Countess of Murinais — One of the best pure white moss roses. Flowers large, full and fragrant; a good bloomer.
Crested Moss — Deep pink, colored buds, sur- rounded with a mossy fringe and crest; a very fragrant and beautiful variety.
Glory of Mosses — A moderate grower, flowers very large, color a pale rose.
Henry Martin — Medium size, flowers large and rosy-red, well mossed, fragrant.
John Cranston — Deep crimson; very double.
Luxemberg — Bright crimson, large and beauti- fully mossed.
Princess Adelaide — Extra large, flowers very double and sweet, color bright rosy-pink; moss a bright green.
Perpetual White — Pure white with a nicely pointed burr; one of the most beautiful white varieties.
Salet — A bright light rose, large and full; it sometimes blooms in the autumn.
TREE ROSES
These are grafted on stems from 4 to 5 feet high, forming a head that is somewhat tree- shaped. They may be planted in tubs, and make very ornamental additions to lawns, ve- randas, etc. Can be supplied in leading Hy- brid Perpetuals, Crimson Rambler, Baby Ramb- ler, etc.
RUGOSA ROSES
The Rugosa Rose are especially suited for our northern climate, owing to their extreme hardiness and sturdy growths. The foliage of these Roses is most beautiful, being a shining, rich, dark green and very wrinkled. The blos- soms are unusually single, but very large and showy, and followed in autumn with a profu- sion of beautiful orange-red or crimson fruits. The plants do well for seashore planting, mountains, or most anywhere. Excellent for hedges or for planting among shrubbery or hardy borders.
Conrad Meyer — Its handsome flowers are of a clear, silvery pink color and are deliciously fragrant. Flowers are produced freely and continuously from early summer till fall.
Mad. Georges Braunt— Semi-double, pure white, in showy clusters. Needs slight pro- tection against zero weather.
New Century — A magnificent rose, flowers large and perfectly double. Color flesh-pink, with bright red center, petals bordered creamy white.
Rugosa Alba — Single pure white flowers, high- ly scented, followed by pretty berries.
X Rugosa Rubra — Foliage shiny bright green, flowers deep rose, produced in fine, large clusters. Beautiful bright red berries in au- tumn; excellent for planting on the lawn with shrubbery or in groups, or used for hedges.
X Sir Thomas Lipton — We consider it, with- out exception, the best double white rose in its class; beautiful in foliage; early and constant in bloom.
MISCELLANEOUS ROSES
Harrisons Yellow — Bright golden yellow, very hardy; fine for planting in groups; early bloomer.
Madam Plantier — A pure white rose recom- mended for lawn and cemetery; plant does not winter-kill and is a strong, vigorous grow- er and an enormous bloomer.
Persian Yellow — Flowers a deep yellow, rather small, but borne in great profusion; con- sidered one of the best yellow roses.
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Boltonia (Latisquama)
HARDY PERENNIAL PLANTS
The following collection embraces the most desirable varieties. They are all showy, of easy cultivation and the flowering season is from May to November. By a careful selec- tion a continuous display of flowers may be had the entire season. If you desire we can make selection for you.
Achillea, The Pearl — Has very showy heads of pure white, double flowers, on strong, erect stems; 2 feet high; blooming constantly. Anchusa Italica — Bearing panicles of clear sky- blue flowers; a very useful perennial grow- ing three feet high and blooms freely from June until September if not allowed to seed.
ARTE M ESI A
Pontica — Beautiful plant for border or filling in within the shrubbery. The foliage is sil- very white, finely cut, and has a peculiarly agreeable fragrance. We have used this plant with good success to hold steep banks and terraces, especially on a south exposure, where blue grass will not grow. Grows readily in any soil and can stand any amount of dry weather.
Russian — Used extensively for hedges, while it kills back each year it grows up quickly and makes a thick, heavy hedge early in the summer. Stands severe trimming and will grow anywhere.
Aquilegia (Columbine) — These are plants of
elegant habit, distinct in foliage and flow- ers; the latter form a showy crown well above the clear cut leaves; all the species like partially shaded, well-drained soil; one of the best plants for rock work, or grow- ing under trees.
ASTERS
Michaelmas Daisies- — Tall, leafy perennials, blooming in the fall when flowers are scarce.
Novae Angelae — The famous old New England Aster; 4 to 5 feet tall with a wonderful fall show of deep violet blue flowers.
Bocconia Cordate (Plume Poppy) — Stately, growing from 6 to 8 feet high, with large foliage and long spikes of white flowers in August.
Boltonia (Asteroides) — Tall, 4 feet or more in height, with white, asterlike flowers in broad heads during August; a handsome plant for borders and masses.
Boltonia (var. Latisquama) — Aster-like flowers in a broad head; rosy purple; free blooming, showy and fine; 5 feet; July to October.
Campula, Bellflower (Hare) — A lovely, hardy little perennial, widely planted everywhere for its delicate sprays of drooping white bells and their delightful fragrance; the leaves are a rich dark green; the plant vigorous, soon forming fine clumps which bloom early in the spring; largely forced in winter.
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Coreopsis (Tickseed) — Showy and valuable free flowering perennials. Produces bright golden flowers in great profusion the entire season.
Chrysanthemum (Hardy Pompo) — Lavender, mahogany, pink, red, white and yellow. This class of beautiful plants is now so univer- sally popular for ourdoor bedding, and justly so. They produce a lavish profusion of blooms, giving color, life and beauty to the garden at a time when other plants have been nipped by frost. They are quite hardy, but it is well to give them a slight covering of leaves or manure during winter. Grows from two to three feet high.
Daisy, Shasta — Large, snowy-white flowers four inches across; in bloom all summer; a good cut-flower variety.
Delphinium (Perennial Larkspur) — Indispen- sable to the herbaceous garden. Their long, showy spikes of flowers persist from June until frost and furnish the most satisfactory blues to any color scheme.
Belladonna — A magnificent new sort, unrivaled for continuance of bloom, with large spikes of the most delicate turquois-blue. July till frost.
Chinensis — Fire stems and deeply cleft foliage; flowers showing all lighter shades of blue; eighteen inches.
Alba — Pure white flowers.
Formosum — The old-fashioned very dark blue variety. Three to four feet.
Gold Medal Hybrids — Plants vigorous, free blooming, with flower spikes two feet long. Grand assortment of colors, ranging from lightest blue to purple.
Desodium (Penduliflorum) — A beautiful Japa- nese perennial, with clover-like foliage and long, pendulous racemes of rosy-purple flow- ers. The stems are four feet long, and in early autumn are literally loaded with the flowers. Very hardy and showy, and a fine plant for growing in front of shubbery.
Dianthus (Sweet William) — The old-time favor- ite, growing iy2 to 2 feet highland bearing during May and June a profusion of round- topped clusters of flowers of all shades of red and pink to white.
Dinanthus Plumarius (Hardy Garden Pinks) — Thick tufts of handsome bluish green foliage and pretty carnation-like, very fragrant flow- ers. Very hardy and grows well anywhere.
Dicentra (Bleeding Hearts) — A hardy perennial with heart-shaped, rose colored flowers in drooping spikes. One of the best border plants; perfectly hardy and easily cultivated. Flowers in April or May.
Dictamnus Fraxinella (Gas Plant) — An inter- esting plant of shrubby, bushy growth two to three feet high, bearing early summer flow- ers, and emitting a pleasing fragrance.
Digitalis (Foxglove) — Long bell-shaped flowers, on stems 3 to 4 feet high; white and red; very showy. July and September.
Funkia Coerulea (Blue Day Lily) — 2 feet, dark green glossy foliage, flowers light blue. A superb autumn flower.
Subscordata (White Day Lily) — 1 to 2 feet. July and August. Large light green leaves; flowers purest white.
Undulata (Variegated Day Lily) — 8 to 12 inches. July and August. A very popular variety. Leaves variegated white and green.
Gaillardia Grandiflora (Blanket Flower) — A
showy plant with dense tufts of drooping leaves and flower stems, producing daisy- like blossoms two to three inches across, of gorgeous colors; blooms in the most won- derful profusion from June to November.
Gypsophila Paniculata (Baby Breath) — Two or three feet in height and most graceful in ef- fect, with list-like white flowers that are popular for cutting, as they give an air for grace and harmony to any arrangement. Blooms July to September.
Helianthus (Hardy Sunflowers) — Quick grow- ing, available for medium to tall location. The flowers average from three to five inches in diameter, of various pretty shapes and shades of yellow. The foliage and growth of each is entirely distinct, and can be adjusted to other perennials for some striking foliage effects.
Delphinium (Larkspur)
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Hibiscus (Crimson Eye) — Immense flowers of purest white, with large centers of velvety crimson. Blooms very profusely, the plants being covered all summer with a wealth of most beautiful attractive flowers.
Hibiscus Mallow Marvel — Without exception the finest production in the Hardy Plant line in years. They make a bush-like growth from 5 to 6 feet high and 3 to 4 feet across. The flowers are of enormous size, frequently 8 to 10 inches in diameter, ranging in color from fiery crimson through various shades of red, pink and white. It should be in every garden, as it is perfectly hardy, will thrive in any locality or kind of soil, and blooms continually from July until late fall. Can furnish in separate colors red, pink or white.
HARDY ORNAMENTAL GRASSES
For ornamental purposes, such as hedging, planting in clumps to hide an unsightly object, or singly on the lawn, these grasses are strik- ingly original in effect and impart a degree of tropical brillance to the landscape. The clumps enlarge in size yearly, each season growth dy- ing to the ground every winter, but is supplant- ed by newer, denser, and more vigorous in- crease. In the fall the grass may be cut and utilized for the winter protection of tender plants and roses. The plumes which these grasses produce are large and beautiful, having a feathery appearance, and may be used for interior decoration. Absolutely hardy. All our plants are propagated from the root and hence more valuable than seedlings, which do not come true.
Erianthus Ravennae (Hardy Pampas) — Grows from, nine to twelve feet high, frequently throwing up from 30 to 50 flower spikes.
Eulalia Gracillima Univittata (Japan Rush) — Narrow, dark green, with a silvery mid-rib, perfectly hardy. Four feet.
Japonica Variegata — Long, narrow leaves; striped with white.
Japonica Zebrina (Zebra Grass) — Leaves crossed every two or three inches by a band of yellow half an inch wide.
Phaiaris Arundinacea Variegata (Ribbon
Grass) — Dwarf growth; short green leaves, striped lengthwise, with creamy white
Hemerocallis (Yellow Day Lily — A popular hardy plant belonging to the lily family. It blooms in June and July, and the flowers vary from deep orange to light yellow. Very attractive.
Hollyhocks- — Few hardy plants combine as many good qualities as the Hollyhock. For planting in rows or groups on the lawn, or for interspersing among shrubbery, they are invaluable. The flowers form perfect rosettes of the most lovely shades of yellow, crim- son, rose, pink, orange, white, etc. The Hollyhock requires a rich, deep soil, well
drained and will repay in quality and ele- gance of bloom any extra care. A slight pro- tection in the winter will be beneficial.
Iris Kaempferi (Japan Iris) — The Japanese Iris should be planted in a somewhat cool, moist situation, and in rich soil; its flowers, in late June and July, are quite distinct from those of all varieties and will compare favorably with some of the exotic orchids. We have a good assortment of the best varieties.
Iris Liberty (Orchid Flower, Fleur de Lis for merly German Iris) — The Liberty Iris are among the most desirable and easiest grown, producing showy flowers of exquisite pur- ple color in May. One of the best kinds of Iris.
Iris Celesander Von Humbolt — Bright blue, with showy white blotch on lower petals.
Iris A urea — Golden Yellow.
Iris Florentine Alba — White, slightly shaded with blue. Early.
Iris Madam Chereau — White, bordered with li lac.
Iris Mrs. Horace Darwin — White, striped vio- let.
Iris Pallida Dalinatica — Large, fragrant sky- blue flowers on very tall stems.
Iris Queen of May — Beautiful pale rose.
Iris Pumilla — A dwarf flower; very early Blue.
Siberian Iris (Blue) — A useful late cutting sort, bearing great quantities of striking intense blue flowers. June.
White — Fine white. June.
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HERBACEOUS PAEONIES
The Paeonies are recognized as a fine effective flower. They are extremely hardy and easily cultivated. The flowers are lasting and many of them are finely fin- ished and exquisitely colored. No other hardy plant of our gardens thrives so well, nor has as much practical permanent value.
When planting paeonies for cut-flow- ers, do not plant a long list of vari- eties. For good results they must be cut at just the right time, which is hard to do if you have too many dif- ferent varieties.
Andre Lauries — Rosy-red, of fair size and shape, fragrant, healthy, vigor- ous; free bloomer; long stems; much used for cut-flowers.
Compte de Jussier— Delicate pink bor- der, dark creamy center.
Delicatissima — Delicate fine rose; very large, James Vick (Terry) — Broad out petals; fine, full and sweet. brilliant crimson; medium early.
Duchess de Nemours — Large and full; the most nearly pure white.
Duke of Wellington — Ivory white, with creamy center; very large and double.
Duchess de Orleans — Guards deep pink solfer- in red, center shaded salmon with silvery reflex.
Edulis Superba — Bright violet-rose, silvery re- flex; fragrant and early.
Felix Crouse — Late, large round heads perfectly double; deep crimson, marked with cardinal at base of petals.
Festiva Maxima — Large, full double bloom, color pure white with an occasional carmine spot; strong grower; one of the best of the white varieties.
Floral Treasure — Very large, shovry, rose type; color pale lilac rose, fragrant; a very free bloomer; mid-season.
Fragrans — Dark pink, medium size, compact; tall, bomb shape.
Francis Ortegal or Francois Ortegat — Brilliant crimson, large fine bloom, double and sweet.
Fulgida — Purplish red, a good sort.
Golden Harvest — Probably the nearest approach to a yellow paeonia, large tri-colored blooms; creamy-pink, fading to white.
Granaiflora — Bright flesh or pink, very large; late.
L’Esperence — Beautiful rose-pink, good size and form, a very fragrant flower and one of the earliest; strong, vigorous, hence an excel- lent cut-flower.
La Martine — Bright red.
Louis Van Houtte — Dark crimson, very com- pact; one of the best of its color.
Marie Lemoine — Delicate flesh, shading to ivory white, at times a light carmine tracing on edge of petals, center white.
Officinalis Rubra — Large, globular bloom; bril- liant crimson; this is the early flowering red paeonia so common to the old time gar- dens; much used on memorial day when other paeonias bloom too late.
Paul Neyron— Rose pink.
Pottsi — Dark crimson, with yellow stamens; early.
Queen Victoria — White with cream center, the best commercial white offered as it will out- keep any other; blooms mid-season.
Rubra Grandi flora — Extra large, blood red; very double.
Rubra Superba — Large, compact, informal rose type; deep rose-carmine or crimson, fragrant; medium grower and bloomer; very late; con- sidered the best of very late varieties.
Independence — Tall, fine pure white.
Isabella Kartlitky — Large, delicate rose-pink; a fine flower.
Kubra Triumphans — Large, globular, looser; semi-double; very dark crimson; medium tall; early mid-season.
62
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Liatris (Blazing Star, or Gay Feather)— Showy and attractive native plants, succeed- ing anywhere, producing large purple spikes of flowers in July and August.
Li LI U M (Lily)
Lily-of-the-Val ley (Convallaria) — This is often starved and neglected and relegated to some poor corner, but this popular and fragrant subject, like most other plants, repays for being well treated, and if the bed is given a liberal top-dressing of well decayed manure in fall or early spring it will show the effect by increased size, number and vigor of the flowers. The stock we offer is strong clumps, especially suited for outdoor plant- ing, which should be done before the end of April.
Tigrium Splendens (Tiger Lily) — Hardy; very large flowers; orange, spotted black. Should be in every flower garden.
Elegans Tip-Tip — These lilies bloom in June, are about 24 to 30 inches high, red, with black dots, and are very vigorous and pro- lific, and in our opinion are the best red lilies grown. They have been propagated by W. J. Courtright of Fremont, Neb., where it has proven perfectly hardy and a profuse bloomer.
Monarda, Cambridge Scarlet (Bergamot)- — Brilliant crimson scarlet. Showy plants, growing from two to three feet high, suc- ceeding in any soil or position, with aro- matic foliage, and producing their bright flowers during July and August.
Myosotis (Forget-Me-Not) — The Forget-Me-Nots are familiar flowers of many gardens, hardy, easy to grow, with bloom sprays of exquisite blue.
Platycodon (Chinese Bell-Flower) — A valuable perennial, forming a dense branching bush of upright habit, 1 to 2 feet high, with neat foliage; from the middle of July until late September it bears a constant succession of handsome, large bell-shaped, deep blue flow- ers. Succeeds well in any ordinary soil.
PERENNIAL PHLOX Phlox Paniculata
No class of hardy plants is more desirable than the Perennial Phloxes. They will thrive in any position, furnishing a mass of charm- ing flowers from June till November, being in the fullness of their beauty when other flowers have passed away. Different colors should be planted in large groups or borders to get the best effect.
Bridesmaid — Tall, pure white, crimson eye.
Coquel icot — Most brilliant orange scarlet.
Jeanne d’Arc — A standard late white.
Miss Lingard — Tall, white, extra early and an exceptionally long bloomer.
Pantheon — Large, clear, bright pink.
Ryn strom (Paul Neyron Rose) — Pink color. Fine.
R. P. Struthers — Bright rosy red, crimson eye. One of the best.
Siebold — Bright vermilion red overlaid with orange scarlet. Crimson red eye.
Von Hockberg — Large, rich velvety crimson.
Von Lassburg — Flowers and trusses very large. One of the finest whites.
Poppy Oriental — Flowers immense, flaming orange scarlet.
Rudebeckia (Golden Glow) — Tall growing pe- rennial, foliage deeply cut, flowers golden yellow.
Solidago (Golden Rod) — A well-known fall blooming plant. Valuable for winter decora- tions.
Physotegia (False Dragon Head) — A very pop- ular perennial, producing during the summer large spikes of lavender white flowers.
Tritoma (Red Hot Poker) — Very showy flow- ers of scarlet and yellow; blooms from July to September.
Yucca Filamentosa (Adam’s Needle) — A con- spicuous plant, producing large stocks of white bell shaped flowers.
HARDY BULBS FOR FALL PLANTING
Crocus — One of the first spring flowers; blooms in varied colors.
Hyacinth — Foremost of early spring blooming bulbs; will stay in the ground from one year to another.
Tulips — The most showy of all fall planting bulbs; flowers come in double, single and in all colors.
Viola Oderata (Russian Violets) — Best of the hardy violets; bears a profusion of large, fra- grant flowers.
BULBS AND TUBERS FOR SPRING PLANTING
Bulbs must be taken up in the fall and kept
in a dry, warm place.
Caladium Espulentum (Elephant Ears) — A
large-leaved plant, valuable for producing tropical effect on lawns.
Canna — This plant produces large leaves of green or red and flowers of red, orange, yel- low and variegated colors; blooms until frost.
Dahlia — Showiest of all fall flowers, bloming from July until frost in a great variety of colors.
Gladioli— Among the best summer flowers, blooming in long spikes, of all colors. Val uable for cutting.
Tuberose — A very fragrant flowered plant; flowers waxy white.
63
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Index
A
Page
Acacia 36-42
Achillia 59
Ailanthus 34
Akebia 50
Almond 43
Althea 42
Amorpha 43
Ampelopsis 50
Anchusia 59
Apple 5-12
Apricot 22
Aquilegia 59
Aralia 43
Arbor Vitae 40
Aristolochia 50
Artemesia 59
Ash 34
Asparagus 30
Asters 59
B
Baby Breath
Baj-berry
Bignonia
Birch
Bittersweet
Blackberries
Bleeding Heart
Bocconia
Boltonia
Box Elder
Boxwood
Buckthorn
Bulbs and Perennials
Butterfly Bush
Butternut
. . 60 43-51 ...50 .34-39 ...50 ...27 ...60 . . . 59 . . . 59 ...36 ...40 ...43 .59-63 43 23
C
Caladium 63
Calycanthus 43
Campanula 59
Canna 63
Caragana 43
Catalpa 34
Celastrus 50
Cephalanthus 44
Cherry 21-22
Cherry, Dwarf, Rocky Mt’n.. 22
Cherry, Flowering 35
Chestnut, Am. Sweet 23-35
Chestnut. Horse 35
Chrysanthemum 60
Clematis 50-51
Columbine 59
Coloutea 44
Compass Cherry Plum 22
Coreopsis 60
Cornus 35_45
Crab 13
Crab, Flowering 35
Cranberry, H. B 47
Crocus 63
Currants 28
Currants, Flowering ! 44
Daffodils 63
Dahlia 63
Daisy, Shasta 60
Day Lily 60
Delphinium 60
Desmodium 44-60
Deutzia 44
Dewberry 27
Dianthus 60
Dicentra 60
Dictamus 60
Digitalis 60
Dogwood 35-45
Dutchman’s Pipe 50
E
Eleagnus
Elephant’s Ear
Elder
Elm
Everbearing Strawberry
Evergreens
Exochorda
Page
...45
...63
...45
.35-40
...31
.40-42
...45
F
Fir 41
Forget-Me-Not 63
Forsythia 45
Fox Glove 60
Fringe, Purple 47
Funkia 60
G
Gaillardia 60
Gas Plant 60
Gladioli 63
Golden Glow 63
Golden Rod 63
Gooseberry 29
Grape . 24-25
Grasses, Hardy 61
Gypsophila 60
H
Hackberry 35
Hazelnut 23
Hedging 51
Helianthus 60
Hemerocallis 61
Hibiscus 61
Hollyhocks 61
Honeysuckle, Bush 45-46
Honeysuckle, Vine 51
Hyacinth 63
Hydrangea 46
P
Peach
Pear
Pecan
Peonies
Perennials
Persimmon
Phlox
Physostegia ....
Pine
Pinks, Garden .
Platycodon
Plum
Plum, Flowering
Poplar
Poppy, Oriental Poppy, Plume . Privet
Page 15-16 .. 14 .. 23 .. 62 59-63 ... 37 . . 63 ..63 41-42 ..60 ...63 .17-20 .37-47 ...38 . . 63 ...59 . . . 47
Q
Quince 23
Quince, Japan 46-51
R
Raspberries 26
Red Bud 38
Red Cedar 41
Rhodotypos 47
Rhubarb 30
Roses Climbing 54-56
Roses, Hybrid Perpetual ..53-54
Roses, Moss 58
Roses, Polyantha or
Dwarf 57-58
Roses, Rambler 55
Roses, Rugosa 58
Roses, Summer 58
Roses, Tea and Hby. Tea. 56-57
Roses, Trailing 58
Roses, Tree 58
Rudebeckia 63
Iris
Ivy
61
50
Japan Quince Jonquils ..... Junipers
K
Kentucky Coffee Tree
Kerria
Koelreuteria
L
Larch
Larkspur
Liatris
Lilac
Lilies
Linden
Locust
46-51 .. 63 . . 41
.. 35 .. 46 .. 36
.. 36 .. 60 . . 63 46-47 60-63 . . 36 36-51
M
Maderia Vine
Magnolia
Maiden Hair
Maple
Matrimony Vine
Monarda
Mountain Ash . .
Mulberry
Myosotis .......
N
Narcissus
Nectarines
Nut Trees ......
51
36
38
36
51
63
. . .37-40 23-37-40 63
63
23
23
O
Oak 37
Olive, Russian 37
Ornamental Trees 34-40
Osage Orange 51
S
St. Regis Raspberry 26
Solidago 63
Shade Trees 34-89
Shrubs 42-49
Snowball 47-48
Snowberry 48
Spirea 48-49
Spruce 42
Strawberries 29-30
Strawberries, Everbearing. ... 31
Sumach 48
Sunflower, Hardy 60
Sweet Williams 60
Sycamore 38
Syringa 49
T
Tamarix
Thorn
Tritoma
Trumpet Flower
Tuberose
Tulip
Tulip Tree
U
Umbrella Tree .
V
Varnish Tree . . .
Viburnum
Vines . .
Violets, Hardy .
49 39 63
50 63 63 39
34
. . 36 47-48 50-51 . . 63
W
Walnut
Weeping Trees .
Weigelia
Willow
Wistaria
Yucca
Y
. . 23 39-40 ...49 39-40 . . 51
63
64
Budding Cherry Trees on Our Grounds