Historic, Archive Document

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JAGKSON, COUNTY

The LosAngeSes of Mississippi

Ims “/»■ es" Mississippi ill

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Lewis, the Pecan Man

Pascagoula, Jackson County

The Los Angeles of Mississippi ”

— and — —

The Home of the Paper Shell Pecan

Lewis Pecan Co., Inc., Central Warehouse at Pascagoula. Mississippi.

NURSERY STOCK, PECAN NUTS, CITRUS AND OTHER FRUITS, PECAN AND FARM LANDS, PECAN GROVES, CONTRACTS FOR PLANTING AND CARE OF GROVES, FERTILIZERS, NURSERY- MAN, AND ORCHARDIST, TOOLS AND SUPPLIES, GENERAL NURSERY AND ORCHARD INFORMATION, PECANS SHELLED AND UNSHELLED

See Description and Prices in Proper Place this Catalogue. I Handle Everything Pertaining to Pecans and Fruits. Pioneer of Paper Shell Pecan Culture in Jackson Co., Thirty Years’ Experience.

To Mv Patrons and the Public

J

Heretofore I have contented myself with using an an- nual price list sheet by which all my nursery stock was sold each year, but my business has now reached such a propor- tion and so many inquiries come to me for information I have concluded to issue this, my first catalogue, after thirty years’ experience in the pecan business, not only for the pur- pose of announcing prices of my stock for the coming year, but for the purpose of answering the numerous inquiries that are made of me daily about Southern lands, pecans, oranges and other fruits common to this territory and the method of planting, care and attention.

First thanking my patrons for past favors and inviting a continuation of their business, I respectfully call their at- tention and the attention of the public to the magnificent nursery stock I am offering this season, and likewise invite a comparison of prices as well as stock.

On account of the large stock on hand. I have reduced prices for the coming season 25 per cent of last season prices.

I make a specialty of the pecan, and my trees are noted for their heavy root system, color, vigor and stocky growth. All other fruit trees grown by me and offered in this cata- logue are of equally high quality and are raised with great care and attention.

Inquiries.

We are always pleased to answer questions on the sub- ject of pecans, and other fruit trees common to the South and because I am called upon so often for information, a portion of this catalogue is devoted to the subject of plant- ing, cultivating and fertilizing the pecan tree, besides other information about other fruit trees adapted to this section, soils, climate, etc.

Write for Information.

If what is given in this catalogue does not cover the in- formation desired and from what I have learned in thirty years as a pioneer in the pecan business, I will give the public the full benefit.

My Own Bearing Pecan Trees

furnish the wood with which I propagate my nursery stock, as in the case with all my other nursery stock and hence the trees sold by me are pure and true to name.

4 —

Location.

The Louisville & Nashville Railroad and the Alabama & Mississippi Railroad, furnish first class facilities for quick delivery, and Pascagoula, Jackson County,

The Home of the Paper Shell Pecan, is located central in the pecan belt and easy of access for ex- amination of my orchards and nurseries, which is cordially invited.

I Am Glad to Show

what I have done with the pecan on the “cut-over” pine lands of Mississippi as well as with the Satsuma orange, and other fruit trees and all who will visit my orchards and nur- series. whether to buy or not, will be given the fullest op- portunity for information.

Shipments.

In ordering be sure and state how shipments are de- sired, whether by freight or express. Where no instructions are given we will ship in the manner we think is to the best interest of the buyer. The risk and cost of transportation are on the purchaser.

Prices

as shown in this catalogue. Where parties are in the market for a very large order of trees special prices not stated in catalogue can be had on application. Correspondence is solicited from large planters for reduced prices. All prices quoted in this catalogue, or otherwise, are net at shipping point. Unless otherwise noted all orders for 500 and over fake the 1000 rate. All prices subject to change without notice.

Terms and Payments.

Where satisfactory references are furnished, or where the buyer is known to me from a financial standpoint, trees will be shipped on thirty days. Otherwise all orders must be accompanied by a deposit of 20 per cent, balance with ship- ping instructions. Other terms may be had on satisfactory assurances of payment at time agreed upon.

Substitution.

In filling orders I will not substitute unless instructed to do so.

Guarantee.

I keep my trees healthy and free from disease and my varieties of all fruit and nut trees are pure and true to name and I hold myself in readiness, at all times, to replace, on proper proof, all stock that may be proven otherwise, or

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refund the amount paid, I guarantee further that all orders entrusted to my care will be tilled with strong, vigorous trees, well packed and thus delivered to the common carrier where my responsibility ceases. If trees are not satisfactory on receipt, the party is at liberty to, repack them carefully and return at my expense, but any cause of complaint for any reason for the rejection of the trees must be made im- mediately on receipt of same and trees returned to me im- mediately.

Caution.

All orders are accepted upon condition that they shall be void should any injury befall the stock from cold, hail, storm fire or other causes over which I have no control.

References.

I refer you to The Pascagoula National Bank, Pasca- goula, Miss. ; Merchants & Marine Bank, Pascagoula, Miss. ; Bank of Mobile, N. B. A., Mobile, Ala. ; or to anybody in Mis- sissippi or Alabama.

LEWIS, “The Pecan Man.”

Pascagoula, Mississippi.

Standard Varieties — Paper Shell Pecans

I offer the following varieties of nursery stock, which ih my judgement are the best ten varieties thus far originated:

Schley

Unquestionably the best and most perfect pecan pro- duced. Medium size, rich colored shell, slight pencil marked. Shell very thin, shells out whole; kernel like butter; meat fine and compact ; greatest percentage of meat in proportion to shell of any pecan; a strong and ready seller, and always in demand; medium to good bearer; fruits at an early age, and one of the first nuts to open; nuts sometimes break in falling from the tree, the shell is so thin ; originated at Pas- cagoula, Jackson County, Mississippi, by the late A. G. Delmas.

Lewis

This is comparatively a new nut. originated by myself. The seed planted was from the original Stuart tree at Pas- cagoula, Miss. Have had this tree under observation seve-

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ral years so as to ascertain all its qualities before introduc- ing it to the public. It has shown in a marked degree all the qualities that go to make a high grade nut, and I do not now hesitate to offer it as one of the best varieties known to the trade. It equals, if not surpasses, the Stuart as a bearer. It fills well, and in quality and flavor is second only to the Schley. In appearance it favors the Stuart, but is longer in shape and much larger, in fact is probably the largest nut yet originated. Color of shell is rich and well marked with black streaks. Appearance very attractive. Shell medium thin, cracks easy and shells out whole. Kernel bright and crisp. Destined to be a favorite. Vigorous grower and re- sembles the Stuart tree in growth and appearence. Bears at an early age and ripens following the Schley. Only a limit- ed number of trees and wood this season.

Stuart

This nut needs no introduction. The standard bearer of them all. Large, oval or long. Good filler, regular in size; meat good; medium shell; does well over a greater area of territory than any other variety; trees bear very young, sometimes three years from planting ; nuts open med- ium early. No mistake to plant the Stuart ; vigorous grower. Originated at Pascagoula, Jackson County, Mississippi, on a city lot owned by the late Capt. E. Casternera and introduced by the lamented Col. W. R. Stuart of Ocean Springs, Miss.

Alley

Symmetrical, strong grower; nuts medium size; crack- ing quality very good ; shell medium to thin ; plump kernel ; bright and rich ; flavor second to or equal to Schley ; medium to good bearer; nuts open early; quality of nut stands A-l. Originated at Pascagoula by Hon, C. H. Alley and propagat- ed by me.

Delmas

Size large ; kernel bright yellow ; crisp and plumb ; me- dium shell ; cracks and shells well ; tree vigorous grower and beautifully shaped; nuts open late; bears at an early age, and is regarded everywhere as a most perfect and profita- ble bearer, and one of the highest grade nuts we have seen.

Success.

Size large to very large; medium shell, kernel plump, bright yellow, crisp and fine flavor. Tree is a vigorous grow- er and an early bearer. Has not been fruited as long as many

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other varieties, but gives promise of an excellent nut. Shows fruit at an early age; nuts open medium early; bearing quality is equal to the Stuart.

Pabst

Thrifty grower; nuts medium large; quality, the best. Well marked, rich flavor; shells well; meat rich and crisp; medium bearer; nuts open late in season, and trees do not show fruit until well matured. Strong seller on the market. Introduced by Chas. E. Pabst of Ocean Springs, Miss.

Van Deman

Very attractive appearance. A long nut ; medium large ; kernel bright, rich, crisp and of the best flavor; nuts open fairly early ; tree does not show fruit until well matured. A splendid nut. Originated in Louisiana.

Russell

A contemporary of the Stuart in origin and history and originated in Ocean Springs by H. F. Russell on a town lot occupied by him as a home. This is the thinnest shelled pecan known. So very thin that many of the nuts crack in falling from the tree. It shells out whole, in fact is the easiest shell- er of all, and can be shelled out with less trouble than a peanut. Kernel is sweet and rich. On account of cracking qualities is splendid for table service at home and hotels. Tree has an irregular growth and a slow grower. Nuts open late and trees well matured before bearing. Is a heavy bearer.

Big “Z”

This is one of the handsomest pecans known ; size large ; shell thin and partitions very thin; kernel yellow and of good flavor. Promises to be an excellent market nut. Tree a vigorous grower with deep green foliage and bears at an early age. Very heavy bearer and fruits in clusters. Nuts are one of the last to open. Recommend it as a good variety to plant. Originated by J. W. Zink at Orange Grove, Jack- son County, Miss., six miles from Pascagoula.

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Price List

Grafted Pecan Trees

Varieties: Schley, Lewis, Stuart, Success, Alley, Van Deman, Delmas,

Big “Z,” Pabst and Russell.

	Size	Per 1	Per 10	Per 50 Per 100	Per 1000
1	to 2 ft.	$ .65	_$ 5.00 .	$20.00	.$ 37.50	$350.00
2	to 3 ft.	.70	. 6.50 .	30.00	. 42.50	390.00
3	to 4 ft.	.80	. 7.00	32.50	. 50.00	475.00
4	to 5 ft.	1.00	. 8.50 .	37.50	. 62.50	575.00
5	to 6 ft.	1.25	- 10.00	45.00	. 75.00	700.00
6	to 7 ft.	1.50	. 12.50	55.00	. 95.00	800.00
7	to 8 ft.	2.00	. 18.00 .	75.00	. 115.00	999.00
	Note—	-For larger trees, prices	on application.	I have	some bear-

’^g trees to offer, and some 8 to 10 feet, heavy trunks.

Note — An order of over 50 takes the 100 rate, and over 400 takes the 1000 rate.

Orange Trees

On Citrus Trifoliata.

Varieties: Satsuma, Standard Round Sweet, Tangarine, Mandarin and Washington-Naval.

Size	Caliper	Per 1	Per 10	Per 100	Per 1000
to 2 ft.	1-4	$ .35	$3.00	. $27.50 .	_ $230.00
to 3 ft..	5-16	45	4.00	35.00 .	275.00
to 4 ft.	7-16	.60	4.50	40.00 .	330.00
to 5 ft.	1-2	.75 _	5.50	50.00	400.00
Note-	-For larger size, price on application.

Liberal reduction on orders for over 1000.

Orders for over 50 and up take the 100 rate; orders for 400 and over take the 1000 rate.

Grapefruit

On Citrus Trifoliata.

Varieties: Duncan.

	Size	Caliper	Per 1	Per 10	Per 100	Per 1000
1	to 2 ft.	1-4	$ .50	_ $4.00	$32.00 .	. $250.00
2	to 3 ft.	5-16	.60	5.50	37.50 .	325.00
3	to 4 ft.	7-16	.75	6.75	47.50 .	425.00
4	to 5 ft.	1-2	1.00	9.00	60-00	500.00
	Note-	-For larger	size, price	on application.

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Kumquats

Varieties: Marumi, (Small Round); Magami, (Oblong); Neiwa, (Large Round).

Size Caliper	Per 1	Per 10	Per 100
1 to IV2 ft. 3-16	$ .HO	$4.00	$30.00
iy2 to 2 ft. 1-4	.60	4.50	32.50
2 to 3 ft. 3-8	.75	6.00	50.00
3 to 4 ft. 1-2	1.00	7.50	70.00

Walnuts

Size 1 to 2 ft.	Per 1 $ .40	Per 10 $3.00	Per 100 $25.00
2 to 3 ft.	.50	3.50	30.00
3 to 4 ft.	.75	5.00	40.00
4 to 5 ft.	1.00	8.50	60.00
	Chestnuts
Size	Per 1	Per 10	Per 100
3 to 4 ft.	$1.00	$ 9.00	$ 85.00
4 to 5 ft.	1.25	12.00	115.00
5 to 6 ft.	1.50	16.00	150.00
6 to 7 ft.	2.00	18.00	175.00

Almonds

	Varieties:	Sultana and	Princess
	Size	Per 1	Per 10
	IV2 in. to 2 ft _	$ .40	$2.50
	2 to 3 ft.	.50	3.00
	3 to 4 ft.	.75	5.00
	Persimmons
	Varieties: Tana	Nashi, Haykume, Tamopan.
Size	Per 1	Per 10	Per 100	Per 1000
2 to 3 ft.	$ .25	$1 .60	$13.00	$ 85.00
3 to 4 ft.	.35	' 2.00	' 1 7.50	95.00
4 to 5 ft. .	.40	2.75 .	20.00	125.00
5 to 7 ft. .	.45	3.50 .	26.00	140.00

Peaches

Standard Varieties

Size	Per 1	Per 10	Per 100	Per 1000
2 to 3 ft.	$ .20	$1.50	$10 00	$ 65.00
3 to 4 ft.	.25	2.00	15.00	75.00
4 to 5 ft.	.30	. 2.50	27.50	85.00
5 to 6 ft.	.35	3.00	25.00	120.00

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Plums — on Plum Roots

Varieties: Abundance, Burbank, Excelsior, Kelsey and Terrell.

Size	Per 1	Per 10	Per 100	Per 1000
2 to 4 ft.	$ 25	$2.00	$1 7.50	$ 90.00
4 to 5 ft.	.25	2.50	‘ 22.50	120.00
Ft to 6 ft.	40	3.50	27.50	135.00
		Pears
Varieties: Keiffer, Le Conte and Chinese Sand.
Size	Per 1	Per 10	Per 100	Per 1000
2 to 2 ft.	$ .15	$1.40	$12.50	$ 80.00
2 to 4 ft.	.20	1.50	' 1 5.00	90.00
4 to 5 ft.	.25	2.00	1 7.50	100.00
5 to 6 ft.	.20	2.50	20.00	120.00
		Apples
Size	Per 1		Per 10	Per 100
2 to 3 ft.	$ .20		$1.50	$10.00
3 to 4 ft.	.25_		_ 2.00	12.00
4 to 5 ft.	.30-		. 2.50	17.50
5 to 6 ft.	.40-		_ 3.50	25.00
		Figs
Varieties:	Brown Turkey, Celestial, Lemon, Magnolia.
Size	Per 1	Per 10	Per 100	Per 1000
1 to 1 y?, ft	$ .15	$1.20	$ 2.00	$ 55.00
1 Vz to 2 ft.	.20	' 1 .25	0.00	65.00
2 t.o 2 ft.	.25	1.75	12.00	85.00
3 to 4 ft.	.30 .	2.00 -	15.00	_ 100.00
4 to 5 ft.	.35	. 3.00	20.00	135.00
		Grapes
Muscadine Varieties — Scuppemong, Thomas, James.
Age	Per 1		Per 10	Per 100
1 year vines	$ .25		$1 .50	$10.00
2 year vines	.30		. 2.00	. 17.50
3 year vines	.40		. 3.00	. 35.00
		Grapes
	Trellis Varieties
Age	Per 1		Per 10	Per 100
1 year vines	$ .25		$1 .50	$10.00
2 year vines	.30 .		2.50	15.00
3 year vines	.35 .		3.50	20.00

Pomegranates

Size	Per 1	Per 10
1 to 1V2 ft	$ .25	$2.00
iy2 to 2 ft.	.30	2.50
2 to 3 ft.	.35	3.00
3 to 4 ft	.50	4.50

Budding and Grafting Wood

Pecans.

Can furnish graft scions, and buds of the following varieties in any quantity: Schley, Stuart, Success Van Deman, Pabst, Delmas, Alley, Russell, Havens, Hall, Mobile, Big “Z.” Limited number Lewis, price of which is $3.00 per hundred, no reduction for quantity.

Per 100 Per 1000 Per 10,000 up

Buds $2.00 $ 8.50 $ 7.00

Graft Wood 2.00 12.50 10.00

Persimmons

(Prices same as Pecans.)

Fig Cuttings

$3.50 per thousand.

Pear Cuttings

$4.00 per thousand

Miscellaneous

Orange blossoms furnished for weddings in blooming season be- tween April 5th and May 5th. Also Spanish gray moss, orange and kumquat sprays, holly, etc., for Christmas decorations.

Proper Distance for Planting Trees

Hardy Citrus Fruits

Semi-Tropical Citrus Fruits

Kumquat s

Pecans

Japan Chestnuts 1

Japan Walnuts

Peaches and Plums

Pears and Apples

Persimmons

Mulberries

Figs

Grapes, bunch sorts

Grapes, arbor sorts

Pomegranates

Loquats

15 to 20 feet apart each way.

20 to	30	ii	a	ii	a
10 to	15	“	a	ii	a
_50 to	60	“	a	ii	a
20 to	25	a	a	ii	a
20 to	25	a	a	“	a
_15 to	20	a	ii	ii	«
_20 to	30	“	a	ii	«
15 to	20	“	a	ii	«
25 to	40	a	ii	ii
12 to	15	a	“	“	a
_ 8 to	10	a	ii	ii	a
_20 to	30	a	a	a	“
_10 to	15	a	ii	“
_15 to	20	“	ii	a	a

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Number of Trees or Plants to the Acre

1	X	1	43,560	12 x	19.	. 302
2	X	2	10,890	15 x	15	196
3	X	3	4,840	18 x	18	134
4	X	4	2,722	'20 x	20	108
5	X	5	1,742	25 x	25	69
6	X	6	1,210	30 x	30	45
8	X	8	680	35 x	35	35
10	X	10	435	40 x	40	27
		45	x 45	_ 22
		50	x 50	18

Grafting and Budding Supplies

To do good work, one must have good tools, and there has been so many worthless knives and clippers offered in recent years in the pecan and orange district here, I have now succeeded in arranging with a manufacturer for the

A Section of Lewis Pecan Nurseries at Pascagoula, Miss

very best eteel tools that can be made, and will offer these to nurserymen and orchardists at as close a figure as pos- sible.

Prices at which I offer these goods may appear high com- pared to prices of some of the goods offered here recently, but you get what you buy when you get the implements I

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offer. We will have in stock the following:

Budding knives ; Grafting knives ; Hand Clippers ; Double tree saws, all made of the finest metal. Grafting wax; Grafting and Budding thread and cloth ; Rafia ; Wood Labels, and all supplies needed for the nursery and orchard. Write for prices. All goods guaranteed, and if not found satisfac- tory can be returned.

Buy a Squirrel Nut Cracker for the sample room or the home. $1.25 by mail, postage prepaid, or $1.00 at the ware- house.

Fertilizers

I have so many inquiries for fertilizer and the best to be used that I carry a special line in my warehouse, both for general farming and trucking and especially for the growing and fruiting of the Pecan and Satsuma orange, and all fruit trees. I have a formula for

GROWING NURSERY STOCK my 6-5-2 for this territory, which I adopted after years of experience and for

FRUITING TREES

my 8-3-6, which I keep on hand for my customers and the public generally.

Prices of Fertilizers

On account of unsettled conditions, resulting from the War, (scarcity of potash in the United States) am unable to quote prices at this time, but will be pleased to furnish quotations on request and fill all orders either for fruit trees or general farming.

Remember much depends upon the grade and quantity of fertilizers used.

Get the best — I have it.

Monthly Planting Calendar

Vegetable and Flower Garden, Farm and Orchard, Arranged for the Gulf Coast of the Southern States — Applicable Further North Later.

JANUARY

Vegetables. — During this month you can plant Beets, Carrots, Col- lards, Endive, Asparagus, Mustard, Spinach, Leek, Turnip, Rutabaga, Parsnips, Radish, Cress, Chervil, Parsley, Celery for cutting, Peas for general crop. Sow Lettuce, Cauliflower, Egg Plants, Pepper, Cabbage, and Tomatoes in hot beds. Sow Herbs of all kinds, Onion Sets and Shallots. Plant Cubumber seed in flower pots for forcing, transplant in hotbed when leaf is developed.

14 —

Flowers — In open ground plant Sweet Peas, Asters, Chrysanthe- mums, Columbine, Calliopsis, Candytuft, Daisy, Poppies, Phlox, Holly- hock, Larkspur, Lobelia, Mignonette, Pansy, Petunia, Pinks, Salvia, Alyssium and all other annuals. Plant Chinese and Tiger Lillies Hya- cinths, Narcissi, Iris, Sago Palm, Tulips and Jonquils.

Field. — Plant Rust-Proof Oats, Burt Oats, Barley, Clover and Grasses.

Orchard,. i — Set out Grapevines, Satsuma and other Citrus Fruit, Strawberry Plants, Deciduous Fruit and Pecan Trees, and do all prun- ing necessary. Spray Citrus Fruit Trees with Lime-Sulphur Solution for scale.

FEBRUARY

Vegetables. — All Winter vegetables can be sown this month: Spin- ach, Mustard, Carrots, Beets, Parsnips, Leek, Radish, Turnip, Kohl- Rabi, Lettuce, Cabbage, Onion Sets, Irish Potatoes, Asparagus and Rhubarb. All varieties of Peas, also Chervil, Parsley, Cress and Celery for seasoning. Horse Radish, Asparagus and Rhubarb roots should be set out. Weather permitting, you may plant the latter part of month: Bush Beans, Com, also Cucumbers, Squash and Melons in pots for forc- ing. For stock sow Sugar Beets and Mangel-Wurzels. Sweet Potatoes should be planted in bed, so as to have early slips.

Flowers. — Plant same as last month: Zinnia, Lady Slippers, Old Maid, Balsam, Candytuft, Verbena, Cosmos, Sunflower, Vinca, Sensi- tive Plant, Sweet Peas,. Phlox, Pansy, etc. Bulbs of Tuberose, Gladio- lus, Dahlia, Canna, Begonia, Amaryllis, Caladium and Gloxinia.

Field.— Continue planting Burt Oats, Barley, Canada Field Peas, Johnson, Grass, and all other Summer grasses and clovers. Field Com and Velvet beans may be planted this month.

Orchard. — Set out Grapevines, Pecan trees and other decidous trees, Citrus Fruit, and Ornamental trees, spray your orchard if not yet sprayed.

MARCH

Vegetables. — Sow Beets, Carrots, Spinach, Parsnips, Mustard, Leek, Radish, Turnip, Kohl-Rabi, English Peas, Irish and Sweet Pota- toes and Asparagus roots. Sow in hot beds, Lettuce, Pepper, Egg Plant, Tomato, Early Cauliflower and Cabbage. During latter part of month, sow Okra, Squash, Cucumber, Lima Beans, Com.

Flowers. — Sow Amaranthus, Balsam, Celosia, Cockscomb, Candy- tuft, Caladium, Petunia, Portulaca, Sweet Peas, Nasturtiums, Zinnia and all Summer blooming annuals. Set out Roses, Shrubs, Tuberoses, Dahlias, Caladium, Gladiolus, Canna roots. Sow lawn Grasses.

Field. — Oats and Barley can still be planted, plant Lespedeza, Melilotus and other clovers, Johnson, Bermuda, Red Top Grasses, and Early Field Corn. After the middle of the month, sow Sorghums, Kaf- fir Com, Milo Maize, Soja Beans, Peanuts, Millet, Essex Rape and Teosinte.

Orchard. — Spray Citrus Fruits for Scab and Melanose with Bor- deaux Mixture of Vadco Ammoniacal Copper Carbonate. If needed, spray Peaches with Corona Arsenate of Lead and Lime-Sulphur wash. Write me for all information you may wish.

APRIL

Vegetables. — Plant all varieties, Bush, Pole, Butter and Lima Beans, Peas, Squash, Cucumbers, Okra, Cantaloupe,, Watermelon, Com, Lettuce, Endive, Tomato, Radish, Pepper, Herbs, Egg Plant, Mustard,

— 15 —

Turnip, Beets, Carrots and Parsley, also Celery for cutting. Plant Cu- shaw Pumpkins.

Flowers.— Plant Zinnia, Balsam, Princess Feather, Nasturtiums, and all other Summer blooming annuals. Set out Chrysanthemums, Pansy, Salvia, Coleus plants and all other Summer blooming roots.

Field. — Sow Pearl and German Millets, Sorghums, Peanuts, Kaf- fir Com, Chufas, Teosinte, Soja, Velvet and Lyon Beans, Cotton, Com, Beggar Weed, Cow Pea Grasses, Clovers, Essex Rape and Sweet Pota- to Plants.

Orchard. — Make another application of fungicide for Scab and Melanose. Make second application of Arsenate of Lead for Peach and Plum worms. Keep trees clean of weeds and grass.

MAY

Vegetables. — Pumpkins, Cucumbers, Melons, Squash, late varieties of Com and Irish Potatoes and all vegetable seed suggested for April.

Flowers. — Plant all annuals, as directed, during April.

Field. — Sow Cow Peas, Peanuts, Sorghum, Soja, Velvet and Lyon Beans, Beggar Weed, Chufas, Teosinte, Pearl and German Millets, Cot- ton, Sweet Potato Plants, Lespedeza, Melilotus and Japan Clover, late Field Com, Bermuda, Johnson and other grasses.

JUNE

Vegetables. — Sowing during this month is similar to the preceding. Tomato, Collards, and Cabbage for late crops; Corn, Pole, Bush and Lima Beans, Squash, Cucumber, Radish, Turnip, Mustard, etc.

Flowers. — Follow directions as given in April and May.

Field. — Experiment Station Yellow and Mexican June Com for dry Summer Crops. Cow Peas, Soja, Velvet and Lyon Beans, Sorghum, Kaffir Com, Millet, Teosinte, Sweet Potato Plants, etc.

Orchard. — Keep litter and weeds out of orchard. Cultivate shal- low. Do not fertilize your Citrus trees after the end of the month.

JULY

Vegetables. — This is one of the best months to sow Rutabaga and Red Top Globe Turnip, Late Potatoes and Tomatoes for late crops; for succession plant Summer varieties of Radish, Lettuce, Cucumber, Bush and Pole Beans, Collards and Mustard. Garden Corn highly fertilized will make late roasting ears. Cabbage plants raised this month and set out in September are almost sure to head. Sow Louisville, Gulf City and Drumhead Cabbage.

Flowers. — You may plant Nasturtiums and Zinnias.

Field. — Experiment Station Yellow and Mexican June Com, Cow Peas, Velvet, Soja and Lyon Beans, Peanuts, Sorghums, Millets and Chufas may be sown yet.

Orchard. — Spray Citrus Fruit with Bordeaux Mixture or Ammoni- acal Copper Carbonate for Scab and Melanose. Watch for Scale and spray, if necessary with Lime-Sulphur; keep trees cultivated shallow.

AUGUST

Vegetables. — Plant Turnip, and Rutabaga, Sow Beets Bush and Pole Beans, Cabbage, Carrots, Celery, Chervil, Cauliflower, Endive, Kale, Kohl-Rabi, Radish, Lettuce, Mustard, Parsley, Peas and Shallots. We recommend the Algiers Cauliflower as a sure header. Celery sown

— 16 —

this month for blanching.

Flowers, — A late planting of Dwarf Nasturtiums may be made, Pansy seed planted this month make large flowers. Sow Balsam, Old Maid, Zinnia and all annuals planted in Spring time for Fall blooming.

Field. — You may sow Rye, Barley, Essex Rape, Crimson and Burr Clover.

Orchard. — -Make last shallow cultivation this month of Citrus trees, spray for Scale, if necessary, if any shows in grove

SEPTEMBER

Vegetables. — Sow nearly all seed recommended for last month, es- pecially Turnips and Rutabaga for roots. This is the proper month, to begin sowing Onion seed of all kind. Latter part of month you may plant English Peas.

Flowers. — Sow Aster, Carnation, Cosmos, Candytuft, Daisy, Pan- sy, Petunia, Phlox, Poppy, Sweet Alyssum stock, Sweet Pea seed, Freesia, Narsissus, Hyacinth and Lilly Bulbs. Sow your lawn this month.

Field. — Sow Crimson, Red, Burr and other Clovers, Essex Rape, Oats, Rye, Wheat, Barley and Vetch.

Orchard. — Should be in perfect shape now and well fruited. No special suggestions.

OCTOBER

Vegetables. — Set out Shallots, Garlic and Onion Sets; sow Beets Cabbage, Cauliflower, Carrots, Kale, Cress, Endive, Leek, Kohl-Rabi, Mustard, Onion Seed, Parsley, Salsify, Parsnips, Radish, Spinach, Tur- nips, Rutabaga, Peas. Set out Lettuce, Collard and Cabbage plants. About the middle of month, sow Succession and Early Summer Cab- bage seed for Spring crop. Salsify does best sown this month.

Flowers. — Sow Sweet Peas, Phlox, Pinks, Daisies, Petunia, Pansy, Candytuft, Poppy and all annuals recommended last month.

Field. — Sow Crimson, Burr and other Clovers, Harry Vetch, Essex Rape, Alfalfa, Oats, Rye, Wheat and Barley.

Orchard. — Spray, if necessary, for scale insects, and to> remove smooty mold from leaves.

NOVEMBER

Vegetables. — Sow Turnip, Kale and Mustard for salad, early and late English Peas; continue to put out Onion sets, also Cabbage, Let- tuce, Collards and Strawberry plants. Sow Lettuce and early Cabbage seed in coldframes.

Flowers. — Sowi Sweet Peas and all annuals recommended last month. Continue to set out Bulbs. Plant your lawn grass seed.

Field. — Oats, Rye, Essex Rape, Vetch, Clovers, Barley, Wheat and Grasses. Canada Field Peas may be sown this month.

Orchard. — Put in cover of Burr or Crimson Clover, Alfalfa or Vetch Ground not recommended in orchard.

DECEMBER

Vegetables. — A general crop of Peas, the Black-Eyed Marrowfat should be planted. Put out Horse Radish, Asparagus and Rhubarb roots, Cabbage and Strawberry plants. Sow in hotbeds, Lettuce, Cab- bage, Cauliflower, Tomatoes, Egg Plant, Pepper, and Cucumber, Trans- plant Onion plants.

Flowers. — If you have not sown your lawn with Winter grass, you may still do so. Continue to sow Sweet Peas, Asters, Calliopsis, Helio- trope, Pinks, Phlox, Snapdragon, Wallflower, etc. Set out Hyacinths,

— 17 —

Tulips, Narcissus, Jonquils, Japan Lillies and other bulbs. You can set out shade trees this month if you desire.

Field. — Rye and Rape will make good forage planted this month. Canada Field Peas should be planted deep this month.

Orchards — Pecan and all deciduous’ trees can be planted after the middle of this month. If fruit is harvested, spray Citrus and all decid- uous fruit trees with same sulphur solution.

Note — Above suggestions applicable to other sections, but later in the season, in proportion as you go north.

The Improved Paper Shell Pecan

Planting, Cultivating and Fertilizing.

The Paper Shell Pecan tree, is unquestionably the most profitable fruit or nut tree grown in the South, and at this time the most talked of and most extensively planted in certain sections of the South. Comparatively a new indus- try, orchards of this peerless nut are being planted on a most extensive scale in the South, especially in Georgia, Florida, Alabama and Mississippi, where in Jackson County was first discovered the real paper shell pecan and where propagation of these great nuts, by budding and grafting, had its birth.

This industry has long passed the experimental stage and the results of the pioneers of this great industry, have given to the horticultural world a basis of untold wealth and prosperity yet unequalled in the ages gone by.

The writer, who refers with pride to the fact that he was one of the early boosters of the paper shell pecan for the South and a pioneer of this great industry, in all its phases and with thirty years’ experience, submits herewith a few suggestions as to the planting of the pecan tree, its culture, fertilization and attention in the grove. In referring to the pecan in this article, it is usderstood that reference is had to the large paper shell nuts, propagated by grafting, and as now being extensively planted throughout the South. So also statements herein relative to fruiting, growth, seasons, etc., have reference to the Mississippi Gulf Coast and par- ticularly to Jackson County, the home of the paper shell pecan and therefore the standard of comparison for all other sections of the country, where the great Jackson County product has been introduced. One of its mbst profitable characteristics is that it is “at home” in a greater area of territory than any other fruit tree, growing and fruiting to a remarkable degree even in more northern states.

Climate

There is a great variety of climatic conditions due to dif-

— 18 —

ference in atmospheric temperature, rainfall, etc., through- out the South. Different localities, differing in climate are adapted to the production of different fruits, nuts and tree crops. Care should be taken in locating an orchard of any variety of fruit or nuts, to locate in that territory where con- ditions are most favorable to the fruit or fruits to be planted.

Three- Year-Old Pecan Tree in Lewis Groves Bearing Five Pounds of Nuts, Result of Moisture and Proper Soil for Pecans,

— 19 —

The pecan tree grows well throughout the South, climatic conditions do not effect the pecan tree, as a tree, in any sec- tion of the South, but its successful planting and fruiting, however, depends largely upon the proper soil and depth of water strata with, of course, proper attention.

A party, with limited means and no money with which to experiment, desiring to plant a pecan grove should, before investing, ascertain where the pecan grows and fruits well, and cast his lot there, leaving it to those of means and who have the time to experiment as to adaptability of the pecan tree to the territory in question. The beginner will there- fore make no mistake, if he uses ordinary care in the se- lection of his land.

Soil.

The ideal soil for the paper shell pecan is a sandy loam, with a light red clayish sand subsoil, (clay and sand mixed) , such as is found in the Mississppi and Alabama Coast, hav- ing a water strata of from 10 to 25 feet below the surface. It is not intended, however, to say that pecan trees will not do well in any other soil, for they do well in a variety of soils and subsoils, but it is meant to convey the fact that the soil and water conditions, mentioned above, are ideal for the per- fect fruiting of the pecan. A great majority of fruit trees do best on lands with heavy clay subsoil. Not so with the pecan. The sooner the pecan tree reaches water with its tap root, the earlier it bears, and the larger the crops, and the larger the fruit. The roots are retarded in their progress to water in stiff clay subsoil and the latteral roots are likewise slow in reaching out and hence the tree is restricted in its feeding territory, because its lateral roots are confined to a narrow area. I have been criticised and ridiculed by brother nurserymen for advancing this theory, but I believe I am justified by thirty years’ experience in my conclusion, and as a nurseryman deem it my duty to give those who buy my trees the benefit of my experience and observation.

When the clay is not heavy, and the strata of clay not thick, and the water strata, or water bearing strata, not over twenty-five feet from the surface, pecan trees should do well in such a soil, the only effect being extended time of first bearing, in proportion to thickness of clay strata and depth of water, or water bearing sands. There are found in some thick clay sections water strata near the surface and in such cases the pecan bears normally well. Another serious draw back to stiff clay for pecan trees is the fact that when plant- ed in such a soil, they are subject to rosette, a very serious disease. Stiff clay and want of moisture are conditions that produce rosette. I have seen groves in such territory with

— 20 —

Preparing the Ground for Planting of Pecans and Oranges

50 per cent of the trees seriously affected. It is rare indeed to see a tree affected with rosette in sandy land and plenty of moisture.

Soils that make large trees are not best for pecan trees and this is found in some of the rich clay subsoils and the rich delta lands of the South. These lands produce wood and not fruit and fruit is the main object of the orchardist. Lands with a sandy loam top suface and red clayish sand subsoil or even a thin clay subsoil with sufficient moisture properly fed with correct fertilizers produce more perfect results in pecan culture than any other lands. Not all the lands in the Southern states are adapted to pecan culture, but practically all these states have some good pecan lands. Some more and some less. The greatest continuous area of ideal pecan land is, in my judgement, along the Gulf Coast of Mississippi and Alabama.

To be right, one should start right and in starting an or- chard of any kind, the grower should not hesitate to secure the very highest quality of tree, both as to root system, soundness, size and vigor. It is well to secure your trees from reliable nurserymen who propagate from their own bearing trees and direct from the nursery to insure certain- ty as to variety. Much care should also be exercised in select- ing varieties and especially is this true in reference to the pecan. There are a hundred or more so called varieties, but when reduced to the real good ones it will be found that nine or ten are really good, and four or five the best of all. No success can be obtained without careful attention both as to cultivation, fertilizing and proper planting. It is a waste of money to plant any sort of grove unless the party planting gives his orchard the same care and attention that he gives to any other business from which he hopes to make a suc- cess. For the commercial pecan orchard on the Gulf Coast of Mississippi, Alabama and Louisiana we do not hesitate to recommend the planting in this territory of the Schley. Lewis. Stuart, Success Van Deman, Alley, Big ‘|Z,” Pabst and Russell in the order named. These nine varieties grow to perfection here, yet some of them may not do so well in other sections of the South. The Lewis, Delmas, Schley, Stuart, Success, Pabst, Alley and Van Deman, however seem to grow and bear well over a greater area of territory than any va- rieties that up to this time have come under my observation. Varieties, however, are a matter of individual taste, but a selection of any of the foregoing would not be a mistake.

Schley

is unquestionably the most perfect nut yet produced and by far the most in demand on the market. The Stuart is the

■ — 22 — -

standard of bearing-, while the Lewis and Success have thus far shown themselves equally as prolific bearers, and stand- ards of quality. The Alley is similar to and second only to the Schley in size and quality, and is a g-ood bearer. The other varieties are all g-ood bearers and possess all the quali- ties that make up a first class nut.

Planting

The ground should be put in a perfect state of cultiva- tion before a tree is planted. When one starts on raw land and especially on the Gulf Coast, or where the land is known as “cut over” pine land, an application of 750 to 1000 pounds of lime should be applied at the first plowing, after which a disc should be used, and the land should be plowed at least three times, disced three times, with two or three uses of the harrow. This should put the land in good condition for the trees, but the work above outlined should cover a period of three to six months.

When convenient it is well to sow a crop of cow peas or velvet beans on the land, after thus prepared, the season before planting the trees, using 500 to 1000 lbs, acid phos- phate to the acre, in addition to the lime already applied. This will make a most perfect soil condition for your orchard. The laud should then be staked off in straight rows for the trees. 50x50 feet for 60x60 if preferred, but not less than 50x50.1 If any clay in your land use dynamite for making the holes, if sandy land, dig the holes three feet wide and three feet deep for trees 2 to 8 feet, (larger, if trees are lar- ger) and when planting the tree fill back to size sufficient to receive the tree, and filling back about 2 inches above the point where the tree stood in the nursery, to allow for set- tling. I cannot recommend the use of fertilizer of any kind oeing put in the hole when planted A dry season following would result in great loss of trees In filling the hole around the tree, use top soil from near bv in preference to the dirf taken from the hole, in digging it.

Fertilizing.

New trees just planted should be fertilized about middle of March or first of Aoril bv application of say three lar°^ forks of stable fertilizer scattered around the tree. 8 to 12 inches therefrom or 10 to 12 lbs. of commercial fertilizer. 6 phosphate. 5 nitrogen and 2 potash scattered same wav followed by a plow covering same* It is a good plan to bed to the young trees thus planted with turning plow 4 or 5 furrows on each side, thus leaving your trees on the center of an elevated ridge and especially is this method desirable in low land or where water is inclined to stand. Follow the

— 23

plow in a week or ten days with a harrow. This method of cultivation may be followed throughout the growth of the grove to maturity, increasing however, the width of the cul- tivation on each side, as the trees grow larger.

In high, well drained land, however, flat cultivation may be used, but application of fertilizer and cultivation is prac- tically the same.

As trees increase in age and size, increase the quantity of fertilizer each year from 10 to 12 lbs, at planting to 20 to 25 lbs. at 7 years, the usual bearing age. After trees com- mence to bear or at the seventh year, change fertilizer form- ula from 6-5-2, increasing phosphate and potash, and de- creasing nitrogen to about 8-3-6 or 10-2-6, according to the nature of the land. Frequent cultivation is important during the early life of the pecan and this may be accomplished in several ways. Where an orchardist utilizes the waste land between the trees, using fertilizers on his by-crops, the trees will respond to such planting, absorbing a share of the fer- tilizers and very little additional attention direct on the trees is necessary. Where by-crops are not planted between the

Section of Lewis Pecan Groves, Showing Sugar Cane between Pecan Trees. Utilize Waste Ground between the Trees.

trees, the planting of cow peas throughout the orchard, after having fertilized the trees, is a very economical method,

—24 —

planting- the peas close up to the trees, so as to cover the whole surface of the grove. Where no intermediate crops are

Raise Cow Peas between your Pecan Trees. Good Hay; good for your Trees. Lewis Groves at Pascagoula, Miss.

planted, the ground, especially near the trees, should be plowed and harrowed during the Spring and Summer, but plowing should be shallow and frequent four to five times during the Spring and Summer, and as far out as the roots extend and further would be better. Weeds should be kept down. Bearing trees from seven years and up, according to age. should have from 25 to 40 lbs. of 8-3-6 or 10-2-6 fertili- zer, applied in March each year for good results. Where dead leaves can be had from the ravines or branches, mulch- ing of the trees is found very good. Apply in Fall so it may rot during Winter. Use surplus hay and grasses in the grove for mulching.

Pruning.

This a matter of taste, some like trees trimmed low and some high. Trees are usually headed first year after planting and only trimming required is suckers that may appear from time to time below the head. I recommend the tree be headed six feet from the ground for practical pur- poses as well as appearance. Never allow tree to head with less than three limbs from fork or more than four.

—25 —

Diseases.

Thus far we have little or no trouble in this territory with diseases in pecan trees, and they seem to be freer from disease than any fruit tree of which I have knowledge. Cat- erpillars and bud worm,s give some trouble. The former is eradicated by burning or by use of Bordeaux mixture with arsenate of lead added, and a similar solution, applied just as buds swell but before opening, for the bud worm. Similar application about September first is recommended.

Frequent cultivation and a liberal use of fertilizer will make a pecan tree vigorous and strong and throw off almost any attack of disease. This is my special remedy for the pecan tree and I recommend it highly. In my grove of 5000 pecan trees, at Pascagoula I have never had a tree to show a disease of any kind, up to this time. I do not mean to say that pecan trees are not subject to any disease, as I have reports that they are in other sections, but this section, up to this time, is practically free from any serious infection.

Alternate in the Pecan Grove

with other fruit trees adapted to the territory in which lo- cated. There is considerable unused space between pecan trees when first planted and for several years thereafter, and this space can be most profitably used with other early bear- ing fruit trees without affecting the growth and bearing of the pecan tree for 12 to 15 years. Trees to be selected should be such fruit trees as are best in the locality. On the Gulf Coast, the Satsuma, pear and persimmon is used, and these fruits bear perfectly in this territory. In other sections the peach and plum is and can be used. Of course, the Satsuma can be used for alternating in sections where the climate per- mits. Cultivation will not be found inconvenient and each tree can be fertilized. with the formula best for each variety Off tree in the grove.

Estimate of Bearing.

There is quite a difference in opinion as to the average yield of a pecan grove, at different ages, and nearly every grower has a different estimate. Error very often arises in these estimates because the yield of an individual tree is used as a basis for the trees in an acre of a grove. One tree in one acre of pecan trees might, one year, have an abnormal crop, another in the same acre a very shy crop, or none, and others normal crops, and unless the average of the fruit on each tree and the crop of each tree ofthe acre is used as the basis of the estimate, the conclusions obtained are not correct. So it is a difficult matter to give an accurate estimate of aver- age bearing per acre.

26 —

After thirty years experience growing pecans, I submit herewith a conservative estimate of average bearing of a tree in a well cared for grove. Quantity per acre based on number of trees to the acre :

6th year 2 lbs. per tree in an acre grove

7th year 3 lbs. “ “ “ “ “ “

8th year 5 to 7 lbs. “ •“ “ “ “ “

9th year 10 to 12 lbs. “ “ “ “ “ “

10th year 15 to 20 lbs. “ “ “ “ “ “

11th year 20 to 30 lbs. “ “ “ “ “ “

12th year 30 to 50 lbs. and up “ “ “ “

After 12th year a tree would vary from 25 to 200 lbs. per tree with an average of say 40 to 50 lbs. per tree per annum for the grove, figuring good and bad seasons during a series of years.

This as stated would be a grove average. There will be some trees in the grove each year that will bear abnormal crops and some with very few nuts, and some may skip a crop, hence the difficulty in striking an average. I have trees in my grove this year with 5 lbs. of well developed nuts. Also 12 year old trees with 125 lbs., and 15 year old trees with 200 lbs. Yet there are others with only a few nuts and some trees with none, which cut the average. This is a characteristic of the pecan. Cultivation and fertilizing will tend to create uniformity of fruiting and materially increase crops. Much progress has been made along this line here in recent years. We fruit trees here at 3 to 6 years old, but we do not consider them as revenue producers for nuts until they attain the 7th or 8th year.

Erroneous Estimates,

frequently made and promulgated by unscrupulous and un- reliable promoters, and “get-rich-quick-concerns,” for the purpose of selling lands or groves are not only very mislead- ing, but do a grave inj ustice to the legitimate and profitable business of raising pecans, and to the reliable and legiti- mate promoter, in an honest effort to develop the valuable resources of the country.

The truth is good enough, and one does not have to ex- aggerate in order to appeal to a business mind, to move the most conservative capitalist to investment or set afire the most avaricious.

— 27 —

Drying Pecans for Shipment.

Get Information

figures and data from first hands, before buying lands or a grove. There are many legitimate, successful and reliable men raising pecans and every one of them will not hesitate to give you the benefit of their experience, and upon which you may rely and save disappointment. I repeat, the truth is good enough, and the truth is, that the raising of pecans, in the territory to which they are adapted is the most in- viting field for investment in the United States or any other country today.

Best Time to Plant

the pecan tree in this section, is the last part of December and during the month of January. They can be planted suc- cessfully during February and the first part of March, but on the whole we recommend the last of December and the month of January. I have planted them with reasonable success as late as April the 15th, but better results are ob- tained by planting early. Further north a later season in proportion to distance from Coast would do for that section.

Past Experimental Stage.

While the raising of the paper shell pecan in many sec- tions of the South has long since past the experimental stage and much progress has been made towards propagation, cul- tivation. fertilization- etc., and many of us who have been engaged in the business for many years have learned a great deal of pecan culture and the habits and characteristics of the pecan, etc., yet none of us “know it all” and there is much yet to be learned on the subject, and each day we learn something new. Some of the things we regard as a fact about pecans today, may be proven a falacy in the future. And many new varieties may be originated, and some varie- ties now thought little of. greatly improved.

Be that as it may, what I have here written are not theories, but what I have learned in the nursery and orchard as an orchardist and nurseryman with thirty years' exper- ience in pecan culture. And I cheerfully give it to my patrons and the public for what it is worth, with the hope and belief that it will save some from errors and hasten the success of the beginner.

Advice

as to varieties, soil and special information, will be given on application.

Do not hesitate to write me.

— 29 —

The Satsuma Orange

Origin

This delightful fruit is supposed to have had its origin on the island of Kiusiu, in the Fragrant and Flowery King- dom of Japan, but the date of its origin is not known in this country, at least. It is extensively grown in Japan and is a favorite fruit there, being known there as the Oonshiue, and in this country as the Satsuma, after one of the large cities of the Island Kingdom. The best information that can be obtained as to the date of its introduction in this country is about 1876 and 1878, at which times a few trees were brought to Florida. The first efforts at propagation was on sour stock, but this was found to be the wrong stock from the standpoint of quality and subsequently in north Florida and the Gulf States, in point of hardiness. Sweet orange stock was found to be satisfactory as to quality of fruit, but

A Section of Lewis Pecan Nurseries at Pascagoula, Miss

for planting other than in middle and south Florida, hardi- ness of the tree was still important.

And again Japan furnished us with the stock for propa- gation in the citrus trifoliata which is an extraordinary hardy citrus tree, standing the cold of practically any sec- tion of the United States. Grafting and budding on this

— 30 —

stock solved the problem, and adding to the hardiness of the already hardy Satsuma gave us an edible fruit tree, which could stand a temperature of 12 degrees above zero, besides being a fruit greatly improved in quality from those grown on any other grafting stock.

Adopted Home.

And thus, the Satsuma spread from the orange belt into southern Georgia, Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi and Ala- bama, especially on the Gulf Coast, and in which two latter states it seemed to have found its native heath, for the Sat- sumas produced in South Alabama and Mississippi (where the tree grows to perfection) are far superior to those grown anywhere in the world, if not superior to the Japan product.

Description and Quality.

The Satsuma is a kid glove orange, peels perfectly, is free of seed and contains very little acid.

On account of its early maturity, ripening in October, the Satsuma can be gathered and marketed without danger of damage to the quality and flavor of the fruit, and thus reaches the market when there are practically no oranges on sale.

As to the quality of the Satsuma it is unlike any other orange and has no equal in juice, flavor and rich appearance, and whenever tasted by the consumer it is at once in demand.

Soil, Preparation and Culture.

Satsumas seems to do better in sandy loam land with slight clay or red sand subsoil, such as is common along the Gulf Coast of Mississippi and Alabama. The trees for best results should be planted in January and February. Later planting is endangered by dry Springs and early Summer, when the percentage of loss of trees would be greater. Land should be plowed and disced the summer preceding the plant- ing of the tree and when convenient sowed to cow peas or velvet beans. A liberal use of lime on cut-over lands at first plowing followed with a pea crop fertilized with acid phos- phate miakes ideal conditions. Initial preparation of land similar to that for pecans. If land is level it is well to throw up a ridge, say 6 feet wide and 10 to 12 inches above the level of the ground, and sloping to each side, planting the trees in the center. On high, well drained land it is not necessary to do this. Use 3 to 5 pounds of commercial fertil - izer applied the middle of March. If stable fertilizer is avail- able, two shovels full to the tree may be used to advantage, applied eight or ten inches from trunk and plowed or forked

— 31 —

A Single Cluster of Grapefruit, containing 47 fruit.

in. The second or third year apply fertilizer about middle of March and say again July first, increasing the quantity of commercial fertilizer to 7 to 10 lbs. for best results. After the third year, where trees show vigorous growth, change to 8-3-6 formula and in very rich land, showing much humus, go to 10-2-6. Use this latter formula for fruiting. In no case should fertilizer be used where kanit is made to furnish the potash. Kanit is not good for citrus trees.

After first year, plowing should be very light, only deep enough to cover the grass, and after the third year a plow should not be used in four or five feet of the tree. Best to use a hoe around tree, so as not to tear the roots. Frequent cultivation of the Satsuma orange tree produces best results.

Spraying.

Spraying should be done at least three times a year, say December. February and July. Fall spraying is good, but the fruit is not generally gathered before December and even later, and the spray injures the appearance of the fruit. Lime-Sulphur solution, nine to one in winter and twelve to one in summer, properly applied will exterminate both the white fly and scale. Schnarr’s Insecticide is also used for the white fly and scale and recommended by many orchardists. My experience has been only with Lime-Sulphur solution and found to be most satisfactory for both.

Pruning

is only a matter of taste. The Satsuma is a dwarf tree, par- ticularly on trifoliata stock, and may be grown bushy or trimmed to a single stock. If latter shape is desired, trim when first planted to height desired and keep suckers cut.

Maturity.

The Satsuma fruit will remain on the tree in good ship- ping shape until December 1st, and if favorable season it will remain until January 1st, and should be marketed by that time. It is ripe enough to begin shipping by October 1st in favorable seasons and in all events by October 15th.

Caution.

Care should be taken in use of fertilizer after trees come into bearing, say after the third year, from the fact that too much nitrogen will cause what is called “puffs, ” thick skinned oranges with but little juice.

Bearing.

Satsuma orange trees will show fruit frequently the second year from planting, and often on two year old grafts

— 33 —

in the nursery. Trees well cared for will show a large sprink- ling of fruit the third year. The fourth year a generous crop. I have had in my grove at Pascagoula, trees to bear a box the fourth year, and as many as twelve hundred oranges the sixth year, but this was not the average grove yield. Many trees in my grove bear as many as 2000 oranges after the seventh year. Every tree does not bear alike each year, hence the average of two to three boxes to the tree after the seventh year, according to age, is a conservative average, al- though I have known of better grove averages.

Returns.

The Satsuma has thus far brought $3.50 to $4.00 per box- on the local market- shipments to distant markets not as yet having been necessary. Naturally this price will shrink as the supply is increased, but I feel confident that the Satsuma will always lead the price of all other oranges now offered on the market.

General.

The Satsuma is not generally known on the Northern market, but wherever introduced attracts much attention and a good demand. When produced in sufficient quantities and introduced throughout the North it will be the leading orange of the country in demand and consumption, and mil- lions of trees are being planted on the Gulf Coast and be- tween New Orleans and Mobile and in and around Mobile, and the Satsuma industry will in only a short time become an important factor in the commercial interest of the Gulf Coast of Mississippi and Alabama. The industry is now be- yond the expermental stage and is without a doubt a success.

I have been propagating the Satsuma for the past 18 years, and now have a grove of five thousand trees in con- nection with my three hundred acre nursery and pecan or- chards at Pascagoula, and so well pleased am I with my holdings that I would not exchange it for Government bonds of twice its value.

I know of no form of investment to which I could as con- fidently invite capital, as the pecan and Satsuma culture on the Gulf Coast.

— 34 —

WKHKHKBCHKHKHWXH^

Wholesale and Retail

PAPER SHELL PECAN NUTS

This Department is conducted by THE LEWIS PECAN CO., INCORPORATED, with offices in Mobile, Ala., and Pascagoula, Miss., and warehouses in all Pecan Centers, and of which Company 64 Lewis, the Pe- can Man,” is President and Man- ager : : : :

We Put up Packages to Suit the Trade

Pecans in Shell and Shelled

One Pound to Car Lots

All Packages bearing the Trade Mark

“LEWIS, THE PECAN MAN

Guaranteed as to Quality and Pack

Write

Lewis Pecan Co., Inc.,

for Information

Wholesale Prices

Pecans

Besides the product of our own grove, two-thirds of the grafted paper shell pecans raised in the South are distribu- ted through our warehouses, either by direct purchase from the grower or on consignment for distribution. We have built a market throughout the country by advertising and by fair dealing, both with the grower and the retail and wholesale buyers of the country, with the result that we have equipped ourselves to be of equal service to both.

We are in a position to fill any order that may come to us at any time, from a pound to car lots of the finest nuts grown in the world. Growers ourselves, we are close to the pro- ducer and after a long series of years as distributors of pe- cans in close touch with the nfarket, and the largest distri- butors of pecans in the South.

Large Paper Shell Pecans,

such as the Schley, Stuart, Van Deman, Lewis, Success, Pabst, Alley, Russell, Hall, Havens, Delmas, Big “Z” and Mobile, running 40 to 60 to the pound, are handled by us as specialties and supplied in any quantity.

The Big Seedlings,

such as are grown on the Mississippi Coast and in several southern states, running 65 to 100 to the pound, much larger than the Texas nuts, are to be found in our warehouses in the pecan centers in several southern states at all seasons demanded by the trade, in lots of a barrel to car lots. In summer season we keep a good stock in

Cold Storage

in several large cities to accommodate the trade and we in- vite inquiries.

Shelled Pecans.

The market having in recent years called for shelled nuts both in the fancy and seedling grades, we have found it

— 36

necessary to establish a shelling department in our ware- houses and we are now prepared to supply the trade in shelled meats, both fancy and medium grades, as well as un- shelled nuts, and solicit the trade of the confectioners, bak- ers and fancy grocers.

We are prepared to ship fancy one pound cartoons, and when the order is large enough, to print the name of the dealer on the box.

Cracked Pecans

are also packed in one to five pound cartoons for the con- venience of the trade. In fact where the order is large enough we will pack shelled or cracked nuts in

Any Size Container

requested by th trade, and will be glad to quote prices at any time, in quantities.

Wholesale Prices.

Prices each season depend on the supply and for this reason we cannot now quote a fixed price. Quotation sheets and crop reports will be mailed from, time to time to the wholesale trade and quotations made to all inquiries at any time, both for shelled and unshelled or cracked nuts.

NO ORDER TOO LARGE FOR US TO FILL— WRITE

Retail Nuts and Fruits Pecans

We make a specialty of one and five pound boxes, very suitable presents at any season, and also fill small orders of 1 to 100 lb. boxes by freight.

Parcel Post or Express

These orders are filled with hand selected nuts, and of any variety desired. Prices below.

We also pack

Shelled Pecan -Meats

(halves) in one and five pound fancy boxes, very suitable presents. These boxes are put up only in the choicest nuts, as we do not pack the cheap grades this way for the retail trade. See price list.

— 37 —

Mississippi Will Celebrate Her Centenary Anniversary

Beginning December 19th, 1917

On the Gulf Coast of Mississippi

By a Million - Dollar Birthday Expos- ition of her Unparalleled Resources and Climate and Wonderful Oppor- tunities of wealth in the growing of the Celebrated Paper Shell Pecan and other Fruits on the Gulf Coast. Recognized and participated in by the Federal Government and Foreign Countries.

Meet Me There and Let Me Show You

L e

w 1 s

” The Pecan Man ”

Retail Prices

Hand Selected, Grafted Pecans, Very Fancy,

(In Shell)

Schley, Lewis, Success, Big “Z” and Delmas— Alley and Hall

Havens, Pabst and Stuart

In Fancy Bxs. 1 to 2 lbs.	1 to 25 lb. bxs.	Over 25 lbs. and up to 100 Box or lb. Per
Charges Inc.	Charges Inc.	lb. r O.	B. Pascagoula.
Per lb. Hand	Per lb. Hand	Hand	Crop
Selected	Selected	Selected	Run
$1.00	$ .80	$ .75	$ .67%
.80	.70	.60	.50
.80	70	.60	.50
; .80	.70	.60	.50
.75	.65	.55	.45

Note — In Barrel lot, 130 lbs. to 180 lbs., or wholesale and crop run, prices on application.

Commercial Seedlings.

(In Shell)

Plain box or bbl. over25anu unto lUu lbs. Per lb.

F. 0. B. here.

Selected

Plain Box, 5 to 25 lbs. Per lb. F. 0. B. here. Selected

Barrel Lot 130 to 180 lbs. per lb. F. 0. B. here Selected

Jumbo :_$ .45 $ .40 $ .37%

No.

No.

No.

No. 5.

.40	.37%	.35
.37%	.35	.32%
.35	.32%	.30
.27%	.25	.22%
.25	.22%	.20

Crop run, pewees and seed nuts, wholesale price on application.

Shelled Meats.

We make a specialty of putting up shelled meats, all halves of our fanciest grafted pecans in 1 and 2 pound boxes, wrapped in waxed paper, and are beautiful presents. We offer these as follows:

5 to 10 lb. Lots,

One Pound Box, Two Pound Box, plain boxes, per

Charges Inc. Charges Inc. lb. F. 0. B. here

Schley _$1.85 : $3.50 $1.50

Success and Delmas 1.60 3.00 1.40

Stuart and Russell 1.50 • 2.80 1.30

Shelled Seedlings.

One Pound Box, Charges Inc.

Jumbo $1.30.

No.

No.

No.

No.

No.

1.25.

1.20.

1.10.

1.00_

.95.

Two Pound Box, Charges Inc.

$2.50

2.40

2.20

2.00

1.90

1.80

5 to 10 lb. Lots, plain boxes, per lb. F. 0. B. here

$1.20

1.10

1.00

.95

.90

.85

Wholesale prices, in bulk, on application.

Write to Lewis Pecan Company, Inc., Pascagoula, Miss., for any in- formation relative to pecan nuts, shelled, in shell, or cracked, in any quantity.

39 —

I Offer Direct from the Orchards:

Satsuma Oranges, Grapefruit, Kumquats

COMMERCIAL PACKAGES.

Satsuma Oranges.

Half box, Standard $2.00 Full box, standard $3.75

Grapefruit.

Half box, Standard $2.50 Full box, Standard $4.50

Kumquats.

Half box, Standard $2.00 Full box $4.00

Japan Persimmons.

Per Dozen $ .75 Per Strap $2.00

Pears.

Per Box or Hamper $1.00

Note — Above quotations, f. o. b. Pascagoula.

A RARE TREAT

Satsuma Oranges, Grapefruit, Kumquats, Pecans.

One of my Christmas or holiday boxes. A present to your rela- tives or friends that will be appreciated.

(Packed with Sprays)

Prices f. o. b. Pascagoula.

Half Box or Strap.

Will contain about 65 Satsuma oranges; One Dozen Grapefruit; One quart of Kumquats and IY2 lbs. Paper Shell Pecans $3.00

Full Box or Double Strap.

Will contain about 125 Satsuma oranges; One Dozen Grapefruit; One quart of Kumquats and 2 lbs. Paper Shell Pecans $4.50

Orange Blossoms.

for weddings can be had in bloom season from April 10th to May 10th. Write for prices. We cut blooms for weddings in large sprays.

Decorations.

such as Spanish Gray Moss, Holly, Magnolia, Kumquats in sprays or bunches, etc., will be quoted in season on application.

— 40 —

A Typical Grapefruit Tree in Fruit.

Real Estate Department

Planted Pecan and Satsuma Orange Groves and Ideal Pecan and Orange Lands for Truck Farming and Stock Ranges Offered for Sale.

Water Front Lots

for Winter and Summer Homes on the Gulf of Mexico and the Pascagoula River.

Jackson County

” The Los Angeles of Mississippi ”

The Home of the Paper Shell Pecan

Pecan and Orange Groves Planted and Cared for Under Contract. Thirty Years’ Experience in all phases of the Pecan, Fruit Farming and Live Stock Business Guarantees Satisfaction.

Le

W 1 s

" The Pecan Man ”

Pascagoula, - Mississippi

The Value of Land

depends largely upon its adaptibility for certain crops, and the uses of which it may be made. Land that will grow one product better than another is desirable and in demand for that particular product, and the greater its adaptability for crops which bring high prices on the market renders it that much more valuable. The greater the variety of products to which it is adapted in proportion adds that much to its value.

The lands on the Gulf Coast of Mississippi and Alabama have been found peculiarly adapted to the growing and fruit- ing of the Paper Shell Pecan and Satsuma orange, besides general farming and trucking.

Special Adaptability.

Soil and water conditions are perfect here for the pro- duction of the Paper Shell Pecan, and especially is this true as to Jackson County, where practically all the big paper shell pecans now propagated throughout the country origi- nated, to-wit: The Stuart, Schley, Lewis, Success, Delmas, Havens, Russell, Alley, Pabst were all originated in Jackson County, and in no section of the United States are such pe- cans grown except by propagation from these, and in no section do they attain the size to which they grow on the Gulf Coast of Mississippi and Alabama.

The Ideal Soil.

for pecans is a sandy loam with yellow clayish (sand and clay) subsoil with water strata ten to twenty-five feet from the surface. The closer the water strata to surface the bet- ter. Such conditions not only insure early bearing, but abun- dant crops and size. The pecan is a nut that demands

Plenty of Moisture

both under the ground and in the air, and plenty of rainfall, all of which conditions exist in a marked degree on the Coast. Such is the

Soil in Jackson County

and on the Gulf Coast generally, and for these reasons, the lands here are ideal pecan lands.

The Pecan

however, grows and fruits well in many sections of the South, and even on clay lands, varying in growth and fruit- ing however, in proportion to the proximity of water strata, moisture, rainfall and climatic conditions.

— 43 —

In Stiff Clay Lands

where strata is thick and water over 25 feet from the sur- face the pecan is susceptible to rosette on account of a lack of moisture, and the resistance to root growth. Great care should be exercised in selecting the locality for a pecan grove, as much depends upon the conditions above mentioned.

The Gulf Coast Soil

has shown a special adaptability for the Satsuma orange, which grows to perfection on the lands here, both as to fruiting, size and flavor and this fact in the past five years has added 500 per cent to the value of lands here.

Rice in Foreground, Pecan Trees in Rear. Lewis Groves.

Trucking and General Farming.

is carried on here successfully and while fertilizers are used the Gulf Coast lands have long since yielded crops from which returns are had equal to any farm lands in the South including the Mississippi Delta.

Such Are the Lands Here.

worth in my judgement, for pecan planting and Satsuma or- ange culture, not less than $100.00 per acre, at which price I expect to see them sell in the next five or ten years.

— 44 —

A Section of 12 Year Old Pecan Grove, Showing Truck Growing between the Trees.

To The Public

I have received so many inquiries about and for pecan groves, and about pecan and orange lands in Jackson County, that I concluded several years ago to secure a large block of ideal land in this county, on the Gulf Coast and plant a portion of it to pecans and oranges for sale on easy terms to those who might wish to buy a planted grove here. And in this connection I am prepared to care for same under con- tract for a number of years. Other portions of these lands I am prepared to plant for parties under contract, or sell them uncleared lands as they may see fit.

All of these lands are ideal for pecans and oranges and I offer it in ten acre tracts and up at prices varying from $10.00 to $50.00 per acre according to location and size of tract purchased.

Planted Groves.

We offer these, planted to pecans or to pecans and or- anges, in five-acres and up in

The Pecandale Tract

two miles from the City of Pascagoula, from one year old to nine years old (bearing) on easy terms for $250.00 to $750.00 per acre.

Adjoining Pecandale

we have blocks of planted groves in 5 acres and up of 7 to 15 year old groves with oranges planted between we offer for from $750.00 to $1000.00 per acre. These groves, both or- anges and pecans, are in full bearing.

Contracts

for caring for groves vary from $25.00 to $35.00 per acre per annum according to age of trees. This includes all at- tention, fertilizer, spraying, etc.

Developing Contracts.

Undeveloped lands will be cleared, fenced and planted to oranges and pecans for purchasers under contract agreed upon. I own my own nursery stock and with twenty-five year’s experience and a full equipment for the work can do same cheaper than others. To those who buy undeveloped lands from me or any other party, I am pleased to offer the finest pecan and orange trees and other fruit trees grown in the South. My groves and nursery are the show places of this territory. Come and see me. See prices in this cata- logue. Pioneer in pecan and orange planting in Mississippi.

— 46 —

TERMS of developed groves : One-fourth cash, balance in three years, six, twelve, eighteen, twenty-four and thirty- six months, equal payments, 5 per cent interest per annum. Terms on either lands and developing groves to be agreed

upon.

Gulf Front Lands

of which I have a limited acreage, suitable for pecans and especially fine for oranges, I can offer at $20.00 to $30.00 per front foot. These lands front immediately on the Gulf of Mexico. Also have lots on the Gulf front and river front, spreading live oaks and delightful for a

Winter or Summer Home

which I can offer at real bargains.

IDEAL STOCK FARM

lands are included in my holdings, and I am offering these at reduced prices to encourage stock raising, and can offer these lands for $5.00 to $12.50 per acre.

The Winters

here are mild, and stock does not require extra feeding in winter, and the opportunity here for raising stock is unex- celled anywhere in the United States.

Truck Lands

near city and depot for early crops and General Farm Lands

are included in list of holdings, and will be pleased to offer these in 5 acre tracts and up at $25.00 to $75.00 per acre. Write for information.

Expert Opinion

and estimates, as to lands anywhere in the South. Thirty years farming and pecan and fruit growing has given me a wide experience as to these subjects, and I will make exami- nations of lands, pecan and orange groves for a reasonable compensation. Correspondence invited.

Promotion.

The opportunities for development in the South and es- pecially in Mississippi are numerous, and returns from in- vestments flatteringly promising, especially in lands, and along agricultural and horticultural lines.

Farming and Fruit Lands

are cheaper here now than they will ever be, again. They have advanced 500 per cent in last five years.

— 47 —

Cantaloupes in a Corner of the Pecan Grove.

\

The Gulf Coast of Mississippi

especially Jackson County, which is the hub center, will in time surpass California in the production of fruits of all kinds. We now raise with marked success practically all the fruits raised in California with the

Large Paper Shell Pecan

to our credit and which is not generally grown there and in only a few localities of the South. This nut is gradually tak- ing front rank as the finest nut grown, and is bringing on the market today the greatest price ever paid for nuts of any kind.

Climatic Conditions

on the Gulf Coast are perfect, rainfall regular, winters mild and summers modified by the Gulf breeze, nearer the largest markets of the world there is no reason to fear competition with Los Angeles of California.

Co-operation with capital for the speedy development of Jackson County, Mississippi is offered by the community at large and personally I am prepared to join in any proposition or promotion of development that may seek to locate in this territory.

I own large and small tracts of ideal lands suitable for development and I invite correspondence on all subjects in my line, and will be pleased to furnish any information I can to inquirers.

Respectfully,

LEWIS, “The Pecan Man.”

Pascagoula, Mississippi

Jackson County

Is the extreme southeast county in the state, fronting thir- ty miles on the Gulf of Mexico, hence its mild temperature and adaptability to raising citrus and some tropical fruit.

Population

17,000 estimated, of which about 65 per cent are white and 35 per cent colored.

Public Schools.

There is a public school in every community in the coun- ty and at every locality convenient to the people. Rural schools are taught six months each year, and the best avail- able teachers procured.

— 49 —

Principal Products.

Lumber, timber, shingles, paper shell pecans, oranges, persimmons, pears, corn, hay, sugar cane, oats, rice, peas, potatoes and truck of all kinds. Pulp, paper, fish and oysters, etc. Sheep, hogs and cattle. Business of the county aggre- gates about $15,000,000.00.

Live Stock

Is successfully raised here and on account of mild Winters and abundant grasses, the feeding of stock is not absolutely necessary during the winter season.

‘The Los Angeles of Mississippi” is a designation merited by Jackson County because of its delightful climate, and the splendid manner in which its soil produces the Satsuma orange and other citrus fruits, and some tropical fruits.

It has likewise been called

“The Home of the Paper Shell Pecan” because in this county was first originated and introduced to the world the finest nuts unequalled in quality and value by any known fruit. The several varieties originated in Jackson County and propagated throughout the county are. the Stuart. Schley, Lewis. Success, Delmas, Russell, Pabst, Ha- vens, Hall. Allley and Hale.

CLIMATE.

It is a conceded fact that our winters are delightful, nroven by the fact that thousands of tourists, including President Wilson, come to the Gulf Coast during the winter season to enjoy our mild, equitable climate. Evenness of temperature accounts for the superb healthfulness of this section.

Average Temperature and Rainfall Covering a Period of Fifteen Years.

Av. Temp. 15 Years		Av. Rainfall 15	Years.
lanuary	51.0	January	4.51
February	53.6	February	5.77
March	61.4	March	5.29
April	66.9	April	3.40
May	74.4	May	. __ 3.68
Tune	79.8	June	. 3.00
July	80.8	July	6.10
August	80.5	August	6.36
September	77.4	September	2.02
October	68.1	October	3.09
November	59.5	November	4.74
December	53.3	December	. _ 4.74
Annual Average	67.2	For the Year	56.59

— 50 —

Typical Satsuma Orange Tree in Fruit.

Our climate permits out doors work the year round. There is no necessity for the soil lying idle at any season, as some crop can be planted every month in the year.

Pascagoula

is the capital of Jackson County and is located immediately on the Gulf and the Pascagoula River. It is on the Louisville & Nashville Railroad and the terminal of the Alabama & Mississippi Railroad, which connects with the N. 0., M. & C It is 100 miles from New Orleans on the west and 40 miles from Mobile on the east.

Population

Estimated 3500 of which 65 per cent is white and 35 per cent colored.

Public Schools

Central High School and two Grammar Schools for white and one colored Grammar School. Public school property of the value of $50,000. Educational opportunities unexcelled.

Churches

Eight churches of as many denominations, giving full opportunity for religious worship.

Commerce

Lumber, timber, shingles, fish, oysters, pecans, oranges, fruits, truck and general farm products.

Banks

Two banks with average deposits of $750,000.00.

Street Car Service

The Pascagoula Street Railway & Power Co., operate street cars in the city and which connects this city with Moss Point four miles north.

Electric Light, Water and Ice

The same company operates an electric plant which lights the city, water works which is from artesian wells 800 feet deep and therfore the purest water. Also ice plant and cold storage room.

Fire Protection

The City is protected from fire by complete water facili- ties and up to date fire department.

Newspapers

Two weekly papers published in Pascagoula, and take an active interest in development and pogress.

Amusements

The City has one theatre, two parks and fishing and boating furnish much pleasure to the public.

— 52 —