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Complete Descriptive Catalogue

YAKIMA VALLEY

NURSERY CO.

TOPPENISH • WASHINGTON

FRUIT, NUT, SHADE AND ORNAMENTAL TREES

Small Fruits, Roses, Ornamental Shrubs, Climbing Fines, Etc.

THE NURSERY OF EXCELLENT QUALITY

Yakima Valley Nursery Co., Toppenish, Washington

Every one should plant some roses or other orna- mental shrubs or vines. In this busy commercial age we too often lose sight of the fact that a few dollars invested in beautifying the grounds bring in large returns in comfort and happiness. Beautiful flowers and shrubs rest the eye and are always a source of enjoyment. By the judicious use of a few climbing vines or flowers at slight expense one can transform unsightly places into beauty spots.

Our collection, as shown in the succeeding pages, com- prises the best varieties which are adapted to the different localities in the Northwest.

Money used in beautifying the home and surroundings cannot be considered unwisely spent, but an investment that will add largely to property value.

Fruit and Ornamental Trees for the Northwest

A Word About Ourselves and Our Stock

This issue of our catalogue, showing as it does our complete line, revised up to date, is placed in your hands with the hope that it will be useful to you. Our business has increased from a small beginning until today there is hardly a state west of the Rocky Mountains where our stock has not been shipped, and scarcely a locality in this great Northwest but what can testify to the high quality of our stock.

Quality and Service

This is the secret of our success and the keynote of our endeavor. At the very outset we realized that the field was somewhat crowded and in order to gain a foothold we would have to grow and deliver mighty fine trees. Our success and the many unsolicited letters of praise we have received from customers is the best evidence that our trees do please. We could not have increased our sales each year as we have done had we not followed this policy of endeavoring to give absolute satisfaction to every customer. Our methods of square dealing and liberal treatment have served to increase our business wonderfully. New customers may feel assured of the same fair and honorable treatment.

Location Important

Chief among the reasons for our success in raising first- class trees in our ideal location on the Yakima Indian Reservation in the famous Yakima Valley. After carefully looking the country over for a location, the Yakima Valley was decided upon on account of the splendid climate, central location and good soil, and the Yakima Indian Reservation was chosen as the best part of the Valley, for it offered advantages along this line not to be found elsewhere.

This reservation has been cultivated only a few years, having been planted mostly to alfalfa, with no neighboring orchards, hence we have no pests or diseases to bother our trees. However, we are fully equipped with the proper materials and necessary apparatus to eradicate them should they put in an appearance. The soil is deep and rich,

iii

Yakima Valley Nursery Co., Toppenish, Washington

THREE-YEAR-OLD JONATHAN

Note the abundant crop on this young tree. What a splendid return on the investment. It pays to plant our thrifty, well-rooted stock

consisting mostly of volcanic ash mingled with silt, the latter deposited by the waters in ages past. This is under- laid by a gravelly subsoil, thus insuring perfect drainage.

We Irrigate

Then, too, we irrigate. The advantages gained in doing so are obvious. It enables us to give the stock all the mois- ture needed and just when needed, without depriving the tree of the warm sunshine so essential^to its|best growth. It also enables the tree to keep growing all during the grow- ing season, unlike conditions in the non-irrigated sections where the tree’s growth is frequently checked in mid- summer on account of lack of moisture when it is most needed.

Our Climate Matures Stock Perfectly

Not having the fall rains to contend with, as in non- irrigated sections, our stock is perfectly matured. This is an important item, for no tree can make a good growth unless the sap is down and the tree is dormant when dug.

iv

Fruit and Ornamental Trees for the Northwest

The fall rains in non-irrigated sections quite frequently keep the sap up and the wood fiber softened till long past digging time, consequently the vitality of the tree is impaired to a great extent. With us our late seasons, dry climate and irrigation, this trouble is eliminated.

And Cultivate

Notwithstanding these unequaled natural factors of good growth — the richest of soil well drained, and a long growing season with moisture under control — we do not depend on them alone for results. Intelligent cooperation with nature is necessary, so all during the growing season we keep up a continuous cultivation, loosening up the soil and giving the fine, fibrous roots, which act as feeders, every chance to spread and grow. This results in a vigorous, healthy tree with a root system which can be equaled nowhere else.

Stock Well Packed

However, merely growing a good tree does not constitute a success in this business. The tree has to reach the planter in good condition or else our work and skill go for naught. In our large storage and packing houses located in Top- penish, the same careful attention to detail which marks all our work is observed. We use a system of packing which places the tree in the planter’s hands in practically the same condition as when it leaves us. Large or small orders are packed with equal care, and we can assure our customers that our stock will reach them in prime condition.

Type of Tree We Propagate

We grow both the piece-root graft, which is a one-year top on a two-year root, and the budded tree. The seedlings are grown here on the Reservation, are clean and strictly first class. For the piece root grafted tree, they are dug in the fall, and during the winter we secure our scions from bearing orchards and dove-tail or graft them into pieces of this seedling root about six or eight inches long. In the spring they are planted, and dug and delivered in the fall. This type of tree is a straight, unbranched whip and is preferred by the majority of commercial planters because they can cut it back to the required height and shape the head to suit themselves.

V

Yakima Valley Nursery Co., Toppenish, Washington

In growing the budded tree the seedling is not dug. It grows all one season, and then the following summer we make a slit in the bark of the stalk near the ground and insert a bud secured from bearing trees. This is then

wrapped with raffia, and when in a few weeks the bud be- comes “set” the raffia is cut. The bud remains dormant until the following spring and then starts growing. The seedling top is then cut off above the bud so all the sap goes into it. This makes a fine big tree by fall, though it has more branches on than the piece root graft. By many this is called the “whole root” tree. Technically speak- ing, however, no one can deliver to you a whole root tree, for to do so each tree would have to be dug with a spade, and the cost of this would, of course, be great. All trees, whether piece root grafts or buds, are dug with a U-shaped digger set at about the same depth. Both types are standard trees, and grown in our rich mellow soil with the care we give, develop a magnificent root system.

Reasons Why

Briefly summed up, the reasons of our success are: Abundance of sunshine, rich soil, moisture under control, an ideal location isolated from all possible sources of con- tamination, and intelligently directed effort, all combined with a desire to treat everybody squarely and give every- one full value for his money.

We use great care in the budding, grafting and field work, and in the selection of our scions, all of which are obtained from bearing trees. All departments of our work are in charge of experts in their line, and, owing to the way our work is systematized, the minimum of mistakes occur.

The superiority of our stock is the result of intelligently directed effort and not the work of chance.

VI

Fruit and Ornamental Trees for the Northwest

It may seem to some that in raising nursery stock we are over-anxious about details. Michael Angelo was once correcting a small detail of one of his masterpieces when an onlooker said, “But that is only a trifle.” “Yes,” answered the artist, “but trifles make perfection, and perfection is no trifle.”

Get the Best; It’s Cheapest

We desire to again thank our many customers and friends for their support and patronage, and will state that owing to our increased facilities we are in a better position than ever before to give that satisfaction which is the foundation of our success.

Be sure to get the best when planting, for you have to wait so long before securing returns from trees that you cannot afford to do otherwise.

Remember, we must please you or we both lose money.

Yours for a greater and better year,

Yakima Valley Nursery Company

Toppenish, Washington

“I have canvassed this same territory about ten times and have never sold to a man once that I haven’t been able to repeat with an increase in the amount of the order. Next year will be the biggest yet.” — W. G. Mosher, Kooskia, Idaho.

‘‘Last year I was County Tree Inspector and had occasion to see your shipments of trees sent in here and I was well pleased with them.” — Otto M. Forry, R. D. 2, Grand Junction, Colorado.

‘‘We have not as yet placed our order and in view of the fact that the trees received from you this year were in such excellent shape, we very much desire to patronize those we know supply the best.” — G. R. Nation, Modesro, Calif.

WHEN TO SPRAY FOR CODLIN MOTH Not yet, calyx closed Spray now, calyx open Too late, egg laid

Vll

Yakima Valley Nursery Co., Toppenish, Washington

Instructions in Ordering

1. Order early in the season and then you will be sure of getting what you want. By waiting till just before ship- ping time we may be out of some varieties you desire.

2. In sending a list of stock wanted, use a separate sheet of paper from the letter, or the blank pages at the back of this catalogue. Write all orders plainly that no mistakes may occur.

3. Give definite shipping instructions. If you live off the railroad be sure to state your shipping point. Where no directions are given we use our best judgment.

4. All orders under $10 must be accompanied by cash. Over $10 half cash with order, balance on receipt of goods.

5. In selecting stock ascertain from your neighbors what varieties do best in your locality. Best results are secured by planting only those varieties which are par- ticularly adapted to your climate, altitude, etc.

6. Upon receipt of your stock, check same over care- fully with your order, and in case of error notify us at once that we may rectify it.

SALESMEN WANTED

We have some good openings for salesmen, and to those interested we should be glad to explain our proposition. We are always in need of live, energetic men, and if you can devote your time to the work, we want you to write us.

viii

Apple grafts in midsummer

Fruit Department

Apples

Apples are probably the most important fruit. They thrive on any well-drained soil, and by making a judicious selection of varieties one may have fresh fruit nearly the year around. There is no farm crop, which, on the average, will produce one-fourth the income per acre of a good Apple orchard. If your land is adapted to fruit-growing, plant Apples and other fruits and be independent.

Our well-rooted, thoroughly matured, healthy, hardy trees are guaranteed to give satisfaction

Every farm should have enough of the early, medium, and late varieties for home use and some to spare.

Soil and Location. The best soil for the Apple is a deep, rich loam, well-drained, which will permit full root-extension and development and is free from stagnation. No tr^e will thrive with its “feet in water." Extremely light soils are to be avoided.

Pruning and Shaping the Tree. A hard and fast rule cannot be made for different varieties which differ in their habits of growth and require different treatment. The Washington State College summarizes:

!‘The best place to study pruning is in the most productive orchards in the community. Study there the system of pruning that has been practised on the best and most satisfactory producing trees. Become acquainted with the habits of growth of the different varieties and the form of the tree at different ages. Adopt a system of tree development that has given satisfactory results in your community in the quantity and quality of fruit produced. Systems or pruning recommended by fruit-growers from different sections than yours may not be at all satisfactory in your district. A system once adopted and established should not be changed except for very good reasons.”

The following general rules will be helpful and can be followed with safety. They are the result of long experience over a wide territory.

Cutting Back. As soon as planted, cut back to a straight stock about 3 feet high. This should determine the height of the trunk. The upper buds left will usually be the ones to produce the branches that will form the permanent framework of the head. These branches should be dis- tributed through a space of at least 12 inches downward from the top. Branches that are only 3 or 4 inches apart on the young tree will be too close together by the time they are 4 or 6 inches in diameter.

First Winter. The following winter trim back all branches at least one-half, pruning for the first two years to an outside bud. Thin out the top where the number of branches growing is so great as to cause the limbs that are more or less permanent to be slender. Small side shoots should not be removed because of their value in developing and making more stocky the main branches to which they are attached.

Second Winter. Beginning with the second winter, pruning should be mostly corrective in its character. Prune out wood where none is

1

Fruit and Ornamental Trees for the Northwest

wanted and correct faulty distribution of branches. The main business of the tree during the period of development before heavy fruit produc- begins is to produce wood, or to grow, and for this purpose an abundance of foliage and small twigs are necessary. However, all branches that interfere with the framework should be removed.

Later Pruning.^ From the time of the second winter’s pruning until fruit production is established, pruning should be done with the idea of training to the adopted system more than modifying growth. Most of the work should be done in the winter, but constant attention through- out the year is necessary to have the trees make the most rapid per- manent progress. The tops should be open enough to let a little of the direct rays of the sun reach the ground beneath. Cutting back the tips of the branches makes them sturdier; the fruit is carried nearer the trunk, and little propping is necessary, though the crop be heavy.

Apple Industry Becoming Stabilized. Apple-growers in commer- cial orchard districts are “getting down to brass tacks.’’ They are marketing their fruit in a scientific manner and securing the maximum returns. The orchards of Europe are in a badly run down condition, and Europe will take all our surplus Apples for years to come at a good price. Modern storage facilities are being provided in marketing and growing centers to prevent glutting the market. Ask any real up-to-date grower how he views the future. He’s an optimist of the first water.

Apples for Different Elevations

The tabulation below is the result of information secured from the Washington State College at Pullman and other reliable sources, and will be a valuable guide for the beginner. In any case, before making extensive plantings be sure to make thorough local inquiry and select varieties which have proven best adapted to your particular locality.

VARIETY

West of Inland Cascades Valleys

Inland

Uplands

Alexander

Arkansas Black . . .

Baldwin

Bellflower, Yellow . .

Bismarck

Black Ben Davis (Gano)

Delicious

Duchess of Oldenburg

Early Harvest

Fameuse (Snow) ...

Gravenstein

Grimes Golden

Jonathan

King

McIntosh

Mottinger

Newtown Pippin . . . . Northern Spy Northwest Greening . . Oregon Red Winter . . .

Rainier

Red Astrachan

Red Gravenstein . . . .

Red June

Red Rome Beauty . . . Rhode Island Greening .

Rome Beauty

Spitz enburg

Taiman’s Sweet . . . .

Wagener

Wealthy

White Winter Pearmain .

Winesap

Winter Banana

Wolf River

Yellow Transparent . . .

Transcendent

Whitney’s

Yellow Siberian ....

X

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2

Fruit and Ornamental Trees for the Northwest

When an Apple Is Ready for Use

The following article by Prof. W. S. Thornber, formerly of the Washington State College, will be of great value in indicating the chief merits of the staple varieties of Apples, and when they are ready for use.

Ripening seasons vary for any given variety according to altitude, temperature, and soil. For example, a Jonathan grown in a low, warm valley on sandy soil will be past its prime before _ December i, while one from a higher altitude on clay loam may be at its best for the holi- day trade or even later.

Another factor rarely taken into consideration is that long before an Apple is ready for eating it may be at its best for cooking and baking, and when it is ready for eating it may be too ripe for the best cooking.

The Rome Beauty is now recognized as the very best baking Apple, particularly the large-sized fruits, and it is now being extensively used by the best cafes and hotels for that purpose. The Arkansas Black is another excellent baking Apple.

VARIETY	Season	Condition	Dessert	Sauce	Baking
Yel. Transparent .	Aug., Sept.	Unripe	Good	Excellent	Poor
		Ripe	Excellent	Good	Poor
Duchess	Aug.-Oct.	Unripe	Poor	Excellent	Poor
		Ripe	Excellent	Good	Good
McIntosh Red . .	Sept., Oct.	Unripe	Good	Excellent	Good
		Ripe	Excellent	Good	Poor
Winter Banana ! .	Oct. -Dec.	Unripe	Good	Poor	Poor
		Ripe	Excellent	Poor	Poor
Delicious ....	Oct., Nov.	Unripe	Good	Good	Poor
		Ripe	Excellent	Poor	Poor
Jonathan ....	Nov., Dec.	Unripe	Good	Excellent	Good
		Ripe	Excellent	Good	Poor
Grimes Golden . .	Nov.-Feb.	Unripe	Poor	Excellent	Good
		Ripe	Excellent	Good	Poor
Stayman	Dec.-Feb.	Unripe	Poor	Excellent	Good
		Ripe	Excellent	Good	Poor
Spitzenberg . . .	Dec.-Jan.	Unripe	Good	Excellent	Excellent
		Ripe	Excellent	Excellent	Good
White Winter Pear-	Dec.-Mar.	Unripe	Poor	Good	Good
main		Ripe	Excellent	Poor	Poor
Rome Beauty . . .	Dec.-Apr.	Unripe	Poor	Excellent	Excellent
		Ripe	Good	Good	Good
Yellow Newtown .	Feb. -May	Unripe	Good	Excellent	Excellent
		Ripe	Excellent	Excellent	Good
Winesap (common)	Feb.-Apr.	Unripe	Good	Excellent	Excellent
		Ripe	Excellent	Good	Good
Wagener	Feb. -May	Unripe	Poor	Excellent	Excellent
		Ripe	Good	Good	Poor
Arkansas Black . .	Feb.-May	Unripe	Poor	Excellent	Excellent
		Ripe	Poor	Poor	Good
Ben Davis ....	Feb.-May	Unripe	Poor ■	Good	Good
		Ripe	Poor	Poor	Poor

Dates for Picking and Consumption of Apples

The following tables were compiled by Charles L. Hamilton, for the Yakima Valley Fruit Growers’ Association, and show the dates W pick- ing and dates when the Apples are ripe for consumption. This informa- tion is secured from Lowther’s Encyclopedia of Practical Horticulture. Of course, climatic and soil conditions vary so that these dates will not apply in all sections. However, relative time of ripening of one variety compared with the other is the same in all districts so that one can easily ascertain in his own district the approximate time for picking and the ripening period. Apples grown in a higher altitude will keep longer than those grown in a lower altitude.

SEE NEXT PAGE FOR TABLE

3

EARLY APPLES

Fruit and Ornamental Trees for the Northwest

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4

.AB-APPLES Date for Picking Size Color

Siberian Yellow . Aug. 16 to Sept. 3- Small. Yellow blushed.

Transcendent. / July 26 to Aug. 22. Medium. Yellow blushed.

Whitney July 31 to Aug. 22. Very large. Yellow, red striped.

Fruit and Ornamental Trees for the Northwest

Duchess of Oldenburg

Summer Apples

Early Harvest. Yellow; medium to large. Good quality. Very hardy.

Mottinger. New. Very large; greenish yellow, streaked with red when fully ripe. Ready for use early July just after Yellow Transparent. Season extends seven or eight weeks, by which time it attains its fullest size.

RED ASTRACHAN. Yellowish red, somewhat striped; medium to large. Very early. Excellent cooker before fully ripe. Very hardy.

RedJune. Deep red; small. Subacid flavor; good eating; flesh tender.

YELLOW TRANSPARENT. Greenish yellow. First summer Apple on market, and best of all early varieties. Excellent keeper and shipper for a summer variety. Have been shipped from here to St. Paul, Minn., arriving in fine condition. In early fruit districts often nets the grower more than winter varieties. Tree vigorous grower, heavy bearer. Thrives under all conditions; absolutely hardy. Should be planted by everyone for all surplus Apples find a ready sale.

Autumn Varieties

Alexander. Large; red or striped. Coarse texture; good cooker. Extremely hardy and vigorous.

DUCHESS OF OLDENBURG. Medium size; streaked red and yellow. Flesh white and juicy. ^ Extra-good quality. Very hardy.

Fameuse (Snow). Medium size; whitish ground, striped with deep red. In its season one of the most desirable dessert Apples. Very beau- tiful. Flesh white, tender. Very hardy.

GRAVENSTEIN. Large; orange-yellow overlaid with broken stripes of light and dark red. Has no superior for cooking or eating. Crop ripens continuously over a period of several weeks, necessitating three or four pickings. Very productive.

KING. Large and handsome; striped red and yellow. Very produc- tive. One of the best late fall Apples for west of Cascades. Excellent for cooking and eating.

RED GRAVENSTEIN. Large; has all the good qualities of the regular Gravenstein, but has a bright red coat, making it a more desir- able market variety, for a red Apple is always the best seller. One of the large orchardists near Walla Walla states he makes more money from his 15 acres of this variety than any similar area of other varieties in his orchard. This is a sport from the old Gravenstein but comes a bsolutely true to type when propagated by grafting.

5

Fruit and Ornamental Trees for the Northwest

Delicious Apple

Winter Apples

These are the late-keeping varieties, many of them keeping until spring in common cellar storage and some until midsummer. Most of them keep quite late if put in cold storage. As a general rule, Apples grown in the higher elevations are the best keepers.

Arkansas Black. Large ; deeply colored reddish black ; very beautiful and attractive. Fine keeper and shipper. Fair eating but good cooking and good market variety. April and May.

Baldwin. Large; red. Juicy; crisp; subacid. Vigorous grower; very productive. Excellent for west of Cascades. December and January.

Bellflower, Yellow. Large; yellow. Flesh tender, juicy, and good. December and January.

Bismarck. Large; yellowish red. Flesh tender. Bears very young.

Black Ben Davis (Gano). Deep red. Vigorous. Very hardy. Good.

DELICIOUS. Large; dark, brilliant red. One of the best of the new introductions. Seems to thrive in all sections, highlands or lowlands. Needs plenty of sunshine to color well. Flesh crisp, fine-grained, juicy; flavor slightly acid but very pleasing. Vigorous grower. December to January.

GRIMES GOLDEN. The winter-evening Apple. Extra good ; excel- lent flavor; medium to large. Vigorous grower. Very hardy. January to March.

JONATHAN. Justly famous as an extra-good eating Apple. Med- ium size; brilliant red. Highly flavored; juicy; fine-grained; tender; mild subacid. November, December.

MclNTOSH. Medium to large; bright, deep red. Flesh white, juicy, acid. Heavy bearer. Extra good. Suitable for high elevations. Hardy.

Newtown Pippin. Large; yellowish green. Very juicy; crisp; deli- ciously flavored. Excellent quality; long keeper. Rather late in coming into bearing.

6

Fruit and Ornamental Trees for the Northwest

One of our three-year-old Wagner Apple Trees. A splendid example of the profit in planting our guaranteed stock. Such trees are worth any rea- sonable price, but cheap, inferior stock would be dear as a gift.]

WINTER APPLES, continued

Northern Spy. Large; roundish, slightly conical, somewhat ribbed; striped, with the sunny side nearly covered with purplish red. Flesh white and tender; mild subacid, rich and delicious flavor; in perfection in January and keeps till June. The tree is a strong, upright grower, and forms a very compact head; should be kept open by pruning, so as to admit the air and light freely.

Northwestern Greening. Large; yellow; richly flavored. Very hardy.

OREGON RED WINTER. Large; red. Sometimes called the Winter Gravenstein. Fine-grained, crisp, and juicy.

RAINIER. One of the very best of recent introductions. Originated in Yakima Valley. Large; skin yellowish green underneath, with an over-coloring of dark red, slightly streaked. Flesh yellowish, with prac- tically no grain; mild flavored, slightly subacid, with a pleasing aroma. Extra-long keeper, keeping in common storage until April and in cold storage until October. Good to eat from January on. Mr. W. W. Scott, the originator, has a number of these trees, and every year has topped the market with this variety. Mr. F. Eberle, manager of the Yakima County Horticultural Union, states that he considers it superior to any other variety. You won’t make a mistake in trying this. We are selling this under an exclusive contract with the propagators of this apple.

RED ROME BEAUTY. A sport of the regular Rome Beauty, but different in that it is a brilliant, beautiful red, making it a highly desir- able market variety. Don’t overlook this if you consider planting Rome Beauty.

Rhode Island Greening. Large; greenish yellow; tender, juicy, and rich ; strong grower. Very good. December to April.

7

Fruit and Ornamental Trees for the Northwest

Winesap in full bearing WINTER APPLES, continued

ROME BEAUTY. Large; yellowish red; tender, juicy, sub-acid. Probably one of the best market varieties and planted over an extensive area. An early and heavy bearer and the best baking Apple, being used for this purpose by the large hotels for the fancy trade. December to April.

SPITZENBURG. Medium to large; deep red. Flesh yellow, crisp, subacid, highly flavored, and extra good. Shy bearer. November to February.

Talman’s Sweet. Medium size; pale yellow; firm, sweet, and rich. November to April.

WAGENER. Medium to large; deep red; sub-acid; very productive. Does well in higher altitudes. December to May.

WEALTHY. Medium size; red; sub-acid; excellent. Very hardy. October to January.

WHITE WINTER PEARMAIN. Large; roundish, oblong, conic; pale yellow, extra high flavor. One of the best. Ranks with the Wine- sap and Jonathan as a commercial sort. Ships well and is a fine looker. December to January.

WINESAP. Medium; dark red. One of most popular Apples in America. Succeeds almost everywhere, though in higher altitudes is inclined to be small. Bears early, heavily, and regularly, and is one of the most profitable Apples to plant. It has the reputation and a ready sale for it can always be found. Probably unsurpassed for cooking, and is a first-class eating Apple as well. Good keeper and first class in every way. March and April.

Winesap, Stayman’s. Similar to Winesap, but much larger and somewhat juicier. Better for high elevations on account of its size. Aromatic and good. Dark red tinged with yellow; medium size. Regular and abundant bearer. December to April.

WINTER BANANA. Large; yellow with reddish cheek; perfect in form; fine grained and of highest quality. November to April.

Wolf River. Large; handsome red. Flesh white and of exceedingly fine quality. Extra hardy. December to January.

8

Fruit and Ornamental Trees for the Northwest

Crab-Apples

These are specially adapted to extremely cold sections where only a few varieties of Apples can be successfully grown, but they succeed equally well in all sections. Valuable for cider, preserving, jelly, and some of the improved sorts are excellent for eating. They are all very productive.

Red Siberian. Very large; extra good.

TRANSCENDENT. Remarkably vigorous; immensely productive. Good for cooking and eating. Skin yellow, striped with red; very good.

Whitney’s. Large; glossy green, striped and splashed with red. Heavy bearer. Tree vigorous and handsome.

Yellow Siberian. Beautiful golden yellow. Very good.

E. W. Squires, near Toppenish, sold $45 worth of Crab-Apples from one tree in his back yard last season

Pears

The Pear has long been regarded as one of the most luscious of fruits. Next to the apple it is probably the most popular. Fine flavor, relia- bility, profit, long life, and general quality make the Pear a staple fruit. Excellent for dessert and culinary purposes, either fresh or canned, the Pear is considered a great acquisition and should be included in every planting.

Harvesting Pears. It is very important that Pears be gathered at the right time. Summer Pears should be gathered at least ten days be- fore they are ripe and autumn Pears at least two weeks before. Winter

Fruit and Ornamental Trees for the Northwest

The Sawyer method of pruning. Note the shape of the Pear trees. They spread out like an apple tree and carry their heavy load easily

PEARS, continued

varieties may be left until the leaves begin to fall, then placed in a cool, dry cellar.

Soil. Heavy loams or clay soil are better than the lighter soils, and while they can stand more moisture than some other fruits, yet the soil should be well drained. Where irrigation is practised they should not be watered as late as apples. Try to get them dormant early in the fall.

Pruning. Pears require special pruning on account of the tendency of their branches to grow straight up. By proper pruning one can have Pear trees almost as round-headed as an apple tree. The Pear orchard of W. P. Sawyer, one of the most successful Pear-growers in the Yakima Valley, is a splendid example of this method of pruning. Each winter cut back the previous season’s growth to two or three buds, the end bud being an outside bud. It makes the branches grow outward instead of upward and also makes them thick and stocky, enabling them to carry a full load without the use of props. Cut out inside branches also which interfere with circulation of air and proper sunlight reaching the interior of the tree.

Prices. Pears have brought an unusually high price the past few seasons, some of the canneries paying as high as |8o per ton. While a great many Pear trees are being planted annually, yet for some years the supply has not kept pace with the demand, and on account of the shortage of Pear seed and Pear seedlings there will undoubtedly be a shortage of trees for the next few years.

Summer Varieties

BARTLETT. Large; beautiful golden colored. Flesh buttery, very juicy and highly flavored. One of the finest Pears that grows for dessert or culinary purposes. In great demand for the fresh fruit market and by the canneries as well, thus assuring one of a ready market at all times. Strong grower; heavy bearer. Should be included in every home orchard or on every city lot.

Clapp’s Favorite. Large; fine; pale lemon-yellow.

Autumn Varieties

BUERRE BOSC. Large; fine; with long neck. Juicy and delicious. Excellent for home canning. Coming in later than Bartlett it should be in every home orchard collection.

BUERRE D’ANJOU. Large; fine; buttery and melting. Fine grower and good bearer. Extra good.

Comice. Large; yellowish red. Melting, rich.

Flemish Beauty. Large; juicy, melting, rich, and fine. Strong grower and good bearer.

10

Fruit and Ornamental Trees for the Northwest

AUTUMN PEARS, continued

Idaho. Large; light yellow. Flesh white. Very good.

Kieffer. Seldom blights. Great favorite in the East. Richly colored.

Seckel. Small; rich, yellowish brown. Productive. Rich, pleasing flavor. Fine for preserving and pickling.

Worden-Seckel. Lemon-yellow; smooth, waxy. Keeps well. Hardy.

W inter Varieties

DEMOREST. New. Originated at Tacoma. Larger, later, and better keeper than Bartlett. Very luscious and rich. Highly flavored and good.

WINTER BARTLETT. Much like summer Bartlett, only later and better keeper. Very good.

WINTER NELLIS. Small; yellowish green and inclined to russet. Fine-grained, delicious, rich and extra fine. Enormously productive; very hardy and a profitable variety to plant.

Pear-Picking Time in the Yakima Valley

The picking-time at Yakima for the varieties mentioned below ranges about as follows:

Bartlett .... Buerre d’Anjou Clapp’s Favorite Comice . . . .

Flemish Beauty

Idaho

Kieffer . . . .

Seckel . . . .

Winter Nellis .

Winter Bartlett

July 30 to Sept. 12 Sept. 10 to 20 July 24 to Aug. 13 Sept. 10 to 18 Aug. 3 to Sept. I Sept. 16 to 28 Sept. 21 to Oct. 2 Sept. 12 to 28 Sept. 28 to Oct. 15 Sept. 28 to Oct. 9

Pear Varieties for Different Sections

VARIETY	Western Ore. or Western Wash.	Inland Valleys	Inland Uplands
Bartlett Buerre Bose	X	X X	X
Buerre d’Anjou	X	X	X
Clapp’s Favorite	X	X
Demorest	X	X
Comice	X	X	X
Duchesse d’Angouleme Flemish Beauty .	X	X	X
Idaho		X	X
Kieffer Koonce		X	X X
Seckel		X	X
Winter Bartlett	X	X
Winter Nellis Worden-Seckel	X	X	X

Cross Pollination

It has been definitely established that certain varieties are sterile or partially sterile and need to be cross-pollenized with some other variety which blooms at the same time.

The Bose should not be crossed with the Bartlett, as the fruit so crossed is apt to be small and misshapen, but when crossed with Comice is large and fine. Bartlett and Anjou do well together. The Winter Nellis and Comice also do splendidly together. The Bose seems to do well with all varieties except the Bartlett.

11

Fruit and Ornamental Trees for the Northwest

' Cherries

There are few more desirable fruits than Cherries, and they can be grown for the market with great profit. Prices the last few years have been very high, and the outlook for a higher price is very bright. Sweet Cherries are scarcer than any other and from the seedling outlook will be for years. The desirable sorts for canning purposes, such as the Montmorency, etc., are very heavy bearers and are highly profitable.

Soil. Cherries do better in light rather than heavy soil.

Pruning. Cut back to 24 inches at planting. Allow three or four branches to grow for the head or framework. These should be dis- tributed so as to prevent forks, for the tree has a tendency to split when older. The first winter after planting cut back these framework branches at least one-half, and the following winter cut off all branches from these framework branches except one or two on each. The next year shorten in the new growth about half. Keep this method of pruning until the fifth year, allowing enough branches to properly shade the trunk, which is quite essential with the Cherry. After that severe pruning is not so essential, yet it must be done enough to promote fruit- spurs the length of every limb.

All varieties listed are quite hardy except the sweets which, however, do quite well here in the Yakima Valley and similar locations. The others are hardy anywhere.

BING. Very large; blackish purple. Very solid and of highest quality. The standard market and shipping variety. Sweet.

Black Republican. Fruit very large; shining black. Firm and good. Sweet.

Black Tartarian. Very large; purplish black; juicy and fine. Sweet.

Centennial. Seedling of Royal Ann. Larger. Sweet and good.

*Early Richmond. Medium size; dark red when fully ripe. Very juicy and acid. Known as the “Pie Cherry.”

*English Morello. Medium size; dark red; juicy, acid.

LAMBERT. Largest, richest, blackest Cherry known. Extra good. Flesh very firm, dark red and rich. Sweet.

*Late Duke. Large; light red; late and fine.

*May Duke. Large; very early; semi-sweet. Juicy and fine. Ripens here about June 15.

♦MONTMORENCY, LARGE. Large; red; early; juicy, acid. Very fine. In great demand by the canneries who will contract at high prices for a term of years.

♦Ostheime. Very hardy. Fruit large, dark red. Acid.

ROYAL ANN. Magnificent, large, pale yellow fruit, with bright red cheek.

Flesh firm, juicy, and sweet. One of the best.

Waterhouse. In general the Waterhouse resembles the Royal Ann, but is slightly smaller and has a long stem.

Same color and practically the^ same shape. Ripening period the same. Has proven to be the best pollenizer for either Bing, Lambert, or Royal Ann.

Heavy bearer^ and good quality, bringing practically same price on market as Royal Ann.

Windsor. Large; purplish black.

Hardy.

Varieties starred (*) are the Dukes and Morellos, or acid sorts, and are

perfectly hardy ^nywhere. Bing Cherries

12

Fruit and Ornamental Trees for the Northwest

Maynard Plums

Plums

Plums have not been planted as extensively as they deserve. They are excellent to fill out the list of varieties for home use and are hardy, abundant bearers and quite free from disease.^ The Japanese type of Plums, are highly flavored and are rapidly winning favor. Not as hardy as the American types, but most of them thrive where peaches grow.

Pruning. Same general rule as for cherries.

Abundance. One of the best of the Japanese types. Rapid grower; healthy; medium size; rich, bright cherry red; fruit very large and good.

Burbank. Vigorous grower; very large; yellowish ground with red cheek.

Damson. Small; oval; purple; rather tart. In demand by canneries.

Diamond. Wonderful grower ; heavy, regular producer ; large ; oblong ; dark, purplish red. Good shipper.

Grand Duke. Extra large; heavy and early bearer. Dark purple; flesh greenish yellow, juicy, firm and sweet. Plant as a pollenizer for Tragedy.

Green Gage. Small ; extra good. Very hardy.

Kelsey. Japanese. Very large; rich reddish purple on yellow ground. Tree a prolific and early bearer; very largely planted for shipping East. The largest of all Plums.

MAYNARD. One of the very best of Burbank’s introductions. Very large; nearly round; rich crimson-purple. Tree hardy, vigorous, and productive. Flesh firm, even when dead ripe, but melting and juicy. Extra good.

Moore’s Arctic. Very hardy; abundant bearer; bluish purple.

Peach. Very large and handsome; red; fine quality.

Red June. Japan type. Medium size; deep red. Flesh light lemon- yellow. Very good.

Reine Claude. Large; greenish yellow; juicy; sweet.

Satsuma. Japanese Blood Plum. Red flesh ; small stone. Good.

Wickson. Sturdy, upright grower; very productive; deep red. Flesh firm, sugary, and fine.

Yellow Egg. Very large; hardy and productive.

Prunes

To such proportions has the Prune industry grown in recent years that Prunes are now classed as one of the most important crops on the Pacific Coast. Along the Coast, in the rain-belt, they are raised for drying, but in the interior they are shipped fresh, commanding high prices and returning to orchardists more net money per acre than almost any other fruit.

Fruit and Ornamental Trees for the Northwest

Italian prune orchard in bloom giving promise of an abundant harvest. This is a very profitable variety in the Northwest

PRUNES, continued

FRENCH (Petite). D. The small, sweet Prune, so extensively planted in California for drying purposes. Juicy, sugary, rich, and sweet. Immense bearer.

HUNGARIAN (Pond’s Seedling Plum). D. Very large; dark red. Juicy, sweet. Fine shipping variety and heavy bearer.

Imperial Epineuse. D. Large; light purple; thick skin; sweet and of high flavor. Highly esteemed in California. Always commands the highest market prices.

ITALIAN. The Prune of commerce here in the Northwest. Planted extensively for drying or shipping green. Medium; oval; purple; juicy, sweet and delicious. Heavy and regular bearer.

Liberty (German). D. Large; long; oval; dark purple. Good.

Silver. D. Very large; late; productive. Good.

STANDARD. Recent Burbank introduction. Without doubt best fresh shipping Prune grown. Larger than Italian, but with smaller stone. Unusually good shipper. Excellent flavor. Blooms with Italian and ripens with Tragedy, making it safe from spring frosts and very profitable as an early market variety. Produces ja. heavy crop each year.

SUGAR. Burbank introduction. Ripens month earlier than French. Almost one-fourth sugar. Very heavy drier. Extra good. Fine shipper and very productive.

Tragedy. Very early; medium size; dark purple. Flesh yellowish green, very rich and good. F or early districts this is a valuable shipping variety.

When to Pick Plums and Prunes in the YakimaV alley

The following tabulations, taken from Lowther’s “Encyclopedia of Practical Horticulture,” and other reliable sources, is, of course, general, as seasons vary, but the dates may be considered approximately correct. The period of ripening is for Yakima and the upper valley.

Abundance . . Burbank . . . Damson . . . French (Petite) Green Gage. . Hungarian . . Italian Prune . Peach Plum. . Red June . . . Silver Prune Standard Prune Tragedy Prune Yellow Egg . .

Aug. 9 Aug. 23 Aug. 31

Aug. 30 to Sept. 12 Aug. 17 to Sept. 12 Aug. 17 to Sept. 12 Aug. 26 to Sept. 12 July 20 to Aug. 3 July 20

Aug. 19 to Sept. 12 Aug. 5 to 10 Aug. 3 to 9 Aug. 23

14

Fruit and Ornamental Trees for the Northwest

Elberta Peach

Peaches

One of the most luscious of all fruits, ripening over a long season, and adapted to a wide range of territory. Peaches are all borne on wood of the previous season’s growth, and this makes it absolutely necessary to prune the trees early, to remove dead branches, to let in light and air, and to keep the trees in good shape to produce bearing wood. In prun- ing the Peach keep in mind its tendency to produce only on the upper branches and try to overcome that by distributing fruit-spurs the length of the limbs. Prune very severely the first year, cutting back about one-third, distributing the laterals along the entire length of the branches about 6 or 8 inches apart and shortened to promote bearing. F. denotes freestones, S-C., semi-cling, and C., clingstones.

Admiral Dewey (Triumph). F. Deep orange-yellow, with red cheek. Flesh clear ^^ellow. Very early.

Alexander. C. \’ery early; medium size; greenish white.

Bokhara. F. Russan variety. Extremely hardy; beautiful yellow, red cheek. Good.

Carman. F. Wry large; creamy white; early; productive.

Champion. F. Hardy ; large; creamy white, with red cheek. Flavor exquisite. Very good.

CRAWFORD’S EARLY. F. Large; yellow; excellent. Standard early Peach. Productive.

Crawford’s Late. F. Large; vigorous grower; productive; yellow; extra good late variety.

Crosby. F. An iron-clad Peach; medium size; orange-yellow; sweet; very good.

ELBERTA. F. Extra large; bright yellow.; flesh yellow, juicy, sweet. Fruit very showy. One of the best market varieties. Grown more than any other Peach in the Northwest.

Everbearing. F. Ripens over period of several weeks. Creamy white, red veins; juicy.

15

Fruit and Ornamental Trees for the Northwest

PEACHES, continued

Foster. F. Large; deep orange-red; early; very good.

Hale’s Early. S-C. Medium size; greenish white; good.

J. H. Hale. F. One of the best Peaches introduced in recent years. Yellow; very large; quality unusually good. Very firm, making it an excellent shipper. Colors about ten days before ripening, thus enabling one to put it on the market looking at its best, yet firm enough to hold up well. Best shipping Peach known. Excellent home canner. During summer 1920, following the 30° below zero weather December, 1919, the J. H. Hale bore heavier and was less affected by the cold than any other variety in the Yakima Valley.

Muir (Malta). F. Large; pale yellow. Best for drying.

Perfection. F. Very large; yellow; hardy; late.

PHILLIPS’ CLING. C. Very large; yellow. Extra good for com- mercial canning. Late.

Salway. F. Very large; deep yellow; excellent flavor; fine for home canning. Late.

SLAPPY. F. Large; rich, deep yellow; very firm; productive; good shipper; fine for home canning. Early.

TUSCAN CLING. C. Very large; yellow.^ Much sought by com- mercial canners. Extra good; rich. Earliest cling.

Average Dates for Picking Peaches in

Admiral Dewey

Alexander

Carman

Champion

Crosby

Crawford’s Early

Crawford’s Late

Elberta

Foster

Hale’s Early

J. H. Hale

Perfection

Phillip’s Cling

Salway

Slappy

Tuscan Cling

Yakima ValJey

July 24 to Aug. 10 July 16 to Aug. 16 July 30 to Aug. 28 Aug. 6 to 30 Aug. 26

Aug. 9 to Sept. 9 Aug. 23

Aug. 18 to Sept. 28 Aug. 18

July 16 to Aug. 16

Aug. 13

Aug. 28

Sept. 5

Sept. 20

Aug. 6 to 28

Aug. 10

16

Fruit and Ornamental Trees for the Northwest

Moorpark Wenatchee Apricots

Apricots

Beautiful and delicious. As hardy as the peach, and should be in every home orchard. The Blenheim and Tilton are the two best varieties for the home and commercial canning, while the Wenatchee Moorpark, and Tilton are the best for shipping fresh. The Apricot is a rapid grower and an early and heavy bearer. It grows to perfection in the Wenatchee and Yakima Valleys and around The Dalles, Ore.

Pruning. Because so many are not familiar with the Apricot, we give below pruning instructions of Prof. E. J. Wickson, Professor of Horticulture of the University of California. He says:

“The Apricot tree bears upon old spurs, like the plum; also upon the new wood, like the peach. This fact has to be borne in mind when winter thin- ning of the new growth is undertaken. When planting, cut back to i8 inches from the ground, trimming off all branches and leaving a single stem. The tree will throw out shoots vigorously, and frequently two or three shoots from one point. These shoots should be thinned out, leaving no more than four or five, no two of which should come from one point, nor be directly opposite. The first shoot should start 12 inches from the ground, the others in such a manner as to divide the space and make the branches balance, leaving the top shoot to form the central part of the tree. It will be necessary to go over the trees several times the first year to remove shoots that may start where not wanted. The second year cut back the first season’s growth to within 5 to 10 inches of the body of the tree, and all forks should be cut out, even if it necessitates forming a new head, as it is much better to lose some growth on a young tree than to take the risk of splitting down when the tree begins to bear fruit. The second year will require much more attention than the first year, in order to keep off suckers and all lateral growth that may start on the under side of the new limbs. In pruning for the third year the second year’s growth should now be cut back to within 15 to 20 inches of the old wood, except the central stem, which may be left 24 to 30 inches long, depend- ing on the number of laterals it may have thrown out. During the third season’s growth go over the trees about three times before July to remove suckers and lateral growth that may start on the lower side of limbs. The only pruning necessary the following year will be to take out any cross limbs and sprouts that may have been overlooked the previous summer."

Thinning. The Apricot tends to overbear, consequently, though hand thinning is an expensive operation, the free-fruiting varieties must be vigorously thinned if they are to be profitable.

Alexis. Very hardy; immense bearer; fruit large; flecked with red; sweet and delicious. July.

17

Fruit and Ornamental Trees for the Northwest

APRICOTS, continued

BLENHEIM. Large; oval; flesh full to the pit, yellow, rich and juicy; ripens evenly and soon after the Royal. Regular and prolific bearer; good shipping, drying and canning variety.

MOORPARK, WENATCHEE. An improvement over regular Moor- park. Very large; beautiful yellow. Ripens before the Alexander peach. Blooms eight or ten days earlier than peaches. Extra-good quality; splendid shipper. Begins bearing at three years of age.

Royal. Large; oval, slightly compressed; yellow, with orange cheek faintly tinged with red; flesh pale orange, firm and juicy; very productive.

TILTON. Medium size. Excellent flavor. On account of ripening its crop at one time, and its rich color and heavy productiveness, it is very profitable. Very often sets a crop the second year. One of the best for canning, drying, or shipping. Very hardy. Has borne fruit when other Cots and peaches were frozen and the blossoms killed.

Average Dates for Picking Apricots in Yakima Valley

Blenheim July 23

Moorpark, Wenatchee July 12

Royal July 15 to Aug. 3

Tilton July 24 to July 30

Nectarines

A most delicious, smooth-skinned fruit, which thrives wherever peaches will grow. Excellent for preserves or eating raw. Every home orchard should have a few trees. The Nectarine is practically the same as the peach, so the same cultural and pruning directions will apply.

Boston. Large; handsome; deep yellow with a bright blush. Flesh yellow; sweet.

Lord Napier. Large; cream color; dark red cheek. July.

New White. Large; white; tender; very juicy. August.

Quinces

Quinces are of late attracting a great deal of attention as a market fruit. They always command a good price in the markets, and, as they

yield abundantly, are a very profitable tree to plant. Especially desirable for jellies or preserves. A certain kind of blight attacks Quince trees, which, if left alone, will kill them, but this can be controlled by cutting away the diseased portions. Don’t fail to have at least one or two Quince trees in the home orchard.

Champion. Very large; cooks as tender as an apple.

Orange (Apple). Large; bright golden yellow. Good.

PINEAPPLE. Originated by Luther Burbank. The name comes from the flavor which is suggestive of the pineapple. Excellent whether eaten raw or cooked.

Champion Quince

18

Fruit and Ornamental Trees for the Northwest

Concord Grape

Small Fruits

Small fruits, rhubarb, asparagus, etc., are so easily grown and require so little room that no home should be without a sufficiency for table and canning use. On the farm one usually has ground to plant enough for home use and some to sell, but in the cities the average home-owner is too often apt to overlook the possibilities of back-yard gardening, thereby missing the joys of growing and eating fruit fresh picked, than which there is none better, and there is usually a ready market for all the surplus fruit.

Both farmer and fruit-grower should plant liberally of small fruits to bring in “early money.” The fruit canneries are anxious to contract for all the fruit that can be grown in their vicinity. In small fruits the first to ripen is the Gooseberry, next Strawberry, then Red Raspberry, Loganberry, Currant, and Blackberries, all of which are profitable. The possibilities here should not be overlooked.

Grapes

Grapes are the most beautiful of all fruits and are most highly esteemed for many uses. They can be grown by any one who has even so little as a square foot of ground and a wall. Confined to a stake, bound to a trellis, trained over an arbor, or extended until the vines cover a large tree or building, they yield their graceful clusters and luscious, bloom- ing bunches of fruit and give extraordinary results. No other woody fruit, not even the apple, can be grown in so extensive a territory, upon such a variety of soils, begin to bear so soon, and continue for so many years, or supply fresh fruit for so long a season in such a wealth of colors and flavors, or whose surplus can be handled in such a variety of ways. Don’t delay but plant this year and have plenty of fruit next year. The American varieties are hardy practically everywhere, but the European varieties are tender, and here in the North can only be grown in certain parts of the Wenatchee and Yakima Valleys and along the Columbia River.

Distance. In setting out vines, the character and strength of the soil is an important point to be considered. Eight by 8 feet is a popular distance.

Soils. Good Grapes may be grown on any soil — sandy, clay, loamy, etc., that is not too shallow or too filled with alkali. The soil must be well drained. Hillsides unsuitable for other crops are good places for Grapes.

Pruning. Annual and careful pruning is essential to the production of good Grapes. The pruning should be done between November and

19

Fruit and Ornamental Trees for the Northwest

GRAPES, continued

March, while the vines are entirely dormant, to avoid excessive bleed- ing. During the first season only one or two of the strongest shoots should be allowed to grow. These should be tied to stakes about 6 feet long above the ground. The following winter cut off all shoots but the best and cut it back leaving only two buds. This causes all the energy of the plant to go into the few shoots that develop from these buds. At the beginning of the second year cut back to one shoot, or two, if the vine is a vigorous grower. Each succeeding year cut back vigorously, shortening in the shoots, leaving a few buds on each.

American Varieties (Hardy)

Brighton. Red. Ripens earlier than Delaware. Rich, sweet, fine quality. Hardy.

CAMPBELL’S EARLY. Black. Strong, hardy, vigorous growth; thick, heavy, perfectly healthy foliage. Large; glossy black, with a beautiful blue bloom; sweet and juicy; seeds small. Good keeper. Extra-good quality. Ripens a week before Concord.

CONCORD. Black. The standard of excellence. Probably the most popular Grape growh. Large; handsome; very hardy and productive.

Delaware. Red. Bunches small, compact; berries small, round; skin thin, light red; flesh very juicy, exceedingly sweet, spicy.

Moore’s Diamond. White. Juicy, sweet; excellent; vigorous grower; prolific. Ripens two weeks before Concord.

Moore’s Early. Black. One of the best early black varieties. Ex- ceedingly hardy; ripens about two weeks before Concord.

Niagara. White. Very vigorous and very prolific; bunches large; berries large. Quality much like Concord.

WORDEN. Black. Seedling of Concord and very similar to it, but larger and about ten days earlier.

Foreign Varieties (Tender)

Black Hamburg. A fine, tender Grape, producing large, magnificent, compact bunches. Grapes large and oblong. A great favorite as a table Grape because of the splendid flavor and good appearance.

Flame Tokay. Red. Bunches very large; berries large; skin thick,

meaty. Very good.

Malaga. White. Strong grower; very large; oval; yellow- ish green. Im- mensely product- ive; one of the best shipping Grapes.

^Muscat. White. Bunches long; berry oval ; skin thick ; decided Muscat flavor.

Thom ps on’s Seedless. White. Small; very sweet and seedless. Fine for drying.

Write us if you are in doubt about the fruits best suited for your Grapes are profitable fruits for small gardens place.

20

Fruit and Ornamental Trees for the Northwest

Blackberries

Too many have neglect- ed the Blackberry on account of its thorny habit of growth, and but few realize the profit ^ to be derived from planting it. In recent years the canneries have been un- able to get enough Black- berries to fill their orders and consequently have paid high prices for wild Blackberries, the waste land along the Coast con- taining these berries often paying more per acre than cultivated farms.

Train on trellises and you will be surprised at the amount of fruit you can get from a few vines. Try mixing Blackberries, Blowers' Blackberries

Blackcap Raspberries, and

Loganberries and making jelly. You’ll never forget the delicious flavor.

Distance. Plant in rows 6 feet apart, with plants 4 feet apart in the rows; for market use, in rows 8 feet apart, with plants 3 feet apart in the rows.

The following varieties are first-class. Not a poor one in the lot.

BLOWERS. Nearly everbearing. Hardy; large; an immense bearer; extra good.

Evergreen. Native of the Coast. Large; sweet, rich, and delicious.

Himalaya Giant. Vigorous grower, canes sometimes reaching 30 to 40 feet ; large ; rich ; very prolific.

Mammoth. Rampant, trailing on the ground. Enormously produc- tive and exceedingly early. Fruit large.

Mercereau. Exceedingly hardy. Large; productive. Very fine.

LOGAN HYBRID. Excellent for home-gardens as well as for mar- ket. No one needs be told of the wonderful progress the Logan has been making in the last few years in the Willamette Valley and in other sections west of the Cascades. Thought to be a cross between the Aughinbaugh Blackberry and Red Raspberry. Trails on the ground like adewberry. Canes very large, without the thorns of the blackberry, but have very fine spines. Strong grower and enormous bearer. Fruit very large, dark red when fully ripe. Excellent for jelly, juice, or jam. Comparatively free from seeds. Ripens early, before other berries be- come plentiful.

BURBANK’S THORNLESS. Medium early to late, jet black, hardy, good size, round; bears in large clusters over a long season. Rampant grower, heavy yielder, fine flavor, sweet and luscious. Good shipper.

CORY’S THORNLESS MAMMOTH. ^ Evidently a sprout from common Mammoth. Foliage and habit identical with Mammoth. Occasionally a single branch will have a few soft spines, but none what- ever to bother in gathering. Fruit immense, long and large, better flavor than Mammoth. Hardy anywhere. Very small soft seeds. Season early.

Special Care for Thornless. Train on wires same as hardy grapes, using four of the strongest vines from each plant. Prune back annually same as grapes. Do not allow any suckers or sprouts to accumulate at base of plant. Plant 5 feet apart in rows which are about 6 feet apart.

21

Fruit and Ornamental Trees for the Northwest

St. Regis Raspberries

Dewberries

Dewberries are of unusually fine flavor, but the berries are seldom firm enough for long shipment. However, for home use and nearby market, they are much prized. It is one of the most luscious of the small fruits and rapidly growing in popularity.

Austin’s Improved. Exceedingly productive. Glossy, shining black; flavor very fine. Hardy.

LUCRETIA. Low-growing, trailing habit of growth; very large; hardy, healthy and fine.

Raspberries

One of the most popular of all cane fruits. Easily grown, productive, and thriving over a wide range of territory, they should be in every garden. One can have the red, black, purple, and yellow varieties, giving a variety of flavors to meet every taste. While the red Rasp- berries “sucker” or come up from the roots and are inclined to “take the place” if left alone, yet it is not much trouble to keep the new growth hoed or cut off when it shows up through the ground. The canneries are unable to meet the supply for Raspberries for jam and other uses, and in sections like the Puyallup Valley in western Wash- ington the industry has become a highly specialized and profitable one.

Plant in good soil and manure from time to time freely. The hills should not be less than 4 feet apart each way with two or three canes in a hill. Cut out the old and weak shoots each year, preserving not over six for fruiting.

Columbian. Dark reddish purple. Firm; very hardy and wonder- fully prolific.

Cumberland. Black. Enormous in size, far surpassing any other sort; very firm. Good quality and a splendid shipper. Midseason. Bush healthy and vigorous.

CUTHBERT. Red. The standard market sort. Large; conical; deep, rich crimson; excellent quality. Vigorous grower; entirely hardy and immensely productive.

Golden Queen. Yellow. Seedling of Cuthbert but color of the fruit is a rich golden yellow. Flavor of highest quality; excellent in every way. Hardy and productive.

Gregg. Black. Good size; fine quality; very productive and hardy. Thrives exceptionally well east of Cascades.

22

Fruit and Ornamental Trees for the Northwest

RASPBERRIES, continued

Herbert. Red. A new variety of^ great merit. Berries large, finely flavored. *

Munger. Black. Very large; tough in texture, making it a good shipper. Drys well. Better than any other black-cap for the Willamette Valley and west coast of Oregon and Washington.

ST. REGIS. Red. Everbearing. One of the most wonderful Rasp- berries ever introduced. Bears the first year planted and after the main crop is picked another crop begins to ripen in a few weeks, continuing until as late as the first of November in the Yakima Valley. Berry of fine flavor and good texture, making it a fine shipper; very productive and strictly first-class in every way. Does better if it receives plenty of water when berries are ripening.

Currants

Currants and gooseberries do better if grown where there is partial shade. This can be provided b}^ planting where there are fruit trees, along the north side of a hedge, or the north side of a building or fence. A half-dozen bushes will provide enough fruit for the ordinary family. They are easy to raise and as everyone likes Currant jelly and plenty of it, they should be found in every garden. By careful tillage and care, red varieties should yield six quarts to the bush and the black varieties four or five quarts each.

Soil. The soil must be rich, for Currants are heavy feeders.

Distance. Plant 4 feet apart each way.

Pruning. After the bush is three or four years old, cut away all wood except the previous season’s growth.

The varieties listed below have proven highly satisfactory for north- western conditions.

Black Naples. Large; productive. One of the best black Currants.

CHERRY. Red. Large; deep red; rather acid; very productive; excellent.

FAY’S PROLIFIC.

Red. Cross between Cherry and Victoria. Very large; fine flavor.

PERFECTION. Finest and largest Currant known. Large berries on long stem, making it pos- sible to pick without crushing. Fine flavor and first-class in every way.

Very productive.

White Grape. Very large ; yellowish white; sweet and productive.

Gooseberries

A very profitable fruit not fully appreciated by the buying public because it is often picked too green.

It returns from $300 to $500 per acre under favorable conditions. The Gooseberry stands in a class by itself. Early, hardy, a good and unfailing bearer, and an excellent

Perfection Currants

23

Peace and plenty are suggested by this beautitul panorama in the Yakima Valley.

our trees were planted on farms shown here and contributed in

GOOSEBERRIES, continued

shipper, it always commands a sure and profitable market. As a family fruit the Gooseberry has special claims. It is easy to grow anywhere, except in warm climates, and is wonderfully hardy. With ordinary good care it will yield annually for ten or fifteen years. It is highly productive, a well-grown, well-managed bush, yielding four to eight quarts. Don’t make the mistake of picking too green, but allow to partially ripen.

They require less sugar and are better flavored. Plant in a shady place.

Pruning. The best method so far recommended is to allow two, or not more than three young shoots to remain each spring, and to cut out stems that after four or five years of bearing show signs of failing.

This method insures the growth on new bearing wood.

Copeland. A new variety. Wonderfully large; size of small plums; heavy bearer.

Downing. American variety. Hardy; light green; productive and large.

Josslyn (Red Jacket). Large; light red; prolific; very fine.

OREGON CHAMPION. Free from mildew; large and fine. Best variety for Northwest.

Pearl. Very hardy; productive; berries medium size.

Strawberries

Does anyone need to be told about Strawberrip? In home-gardens there may be berries from June until first frost in the fall if one will plant the everbearing varieties with the other kinds. While the ever- bearers are meritorious and taste mighty good in the fall, yet during the

24

No other branch of agriculture oJBfers such profits as fruit-growing. Thousands of no small measure to the success of these up-to-date fruit-growers

STRAWBERRIES, continued

regular season they are not quite as highly flavored as the standard sorts, such as Clark’s Seedling, Admiral Dewey, and others, so plant some of each. Canneries offer high prices for the fruit for jam and preserves.

ADMIRAL DEWEY. Large; very firm; good shipper. Beautiful dark red; flesh red to center; abundant bearer, following Clark’s Seed- ling. Slightly sweeter than Clark’s Seedling. Unexcelled for canning. Nearly everbearing.

CLARK’S SEEDLING (Hood River). Large; very firm; beautiful dark red ; symmetrical and unsurpassed in quality. Best shipping variety known and a very profitable variety for east of the mountains; not so profitable west of Cascades. While it does not yield so abundantly as Marshall and some others, yet it brings a higher price on the market, making it the most profitable berry to grow for shipping.

Magoon. Very heavy yielder; hardy; fine flavored and thrives ex- ceptionally well on the Coast.

Marshall. The berry sought after by the canneries because it is such an abundant and heavy bearer and makes up so well into jams and preserves. Its heavy-yielding qualities make it a profitable berry to plant if one wishes to sell to the canneries.

SUPERB EVERBEARING. Bears first season planted and two or three weeks after main or regular crop is off it starts bearing again and continues until frost. Berries large and of good quality, being better in the autumn. Should be in every garden.

PROGRESSIVE EVERBEARING. In habit like the Superb. Berries not as large and a trifle sweeter.

Fruit and Ornamental Trees for the Northwest

Asparagus

Earliest and finest of spring vegetables. Among the easiest cultivated and most profitable. It is hardy and does not require replanting, but yields heavier each succeeding year.

Cultivation. See that the ground is well drained, naturally or otherwise. Work it up fine and deep and make it very rich with well-rotted barnyard manure. Locate the plants 8 inches apart, in rows 3 feet apart. Spread out the roots in a trench made deep enough to permit* their crowns to be covered with 3 or 4 inches of mellow earth. Give the bed liberal dressings of manure at intervals, and, except near the seashore, three pounds of salt per square yard early every spring. Do not cut for use until the plants have been growing two seasons.

Columbian Mammoth White. Produces shoots which are white and remain so as long as it is fit for use. In addition to the marvelous advantage of its white color, it is even more robust and Columbian Mammoth White vigorous in habit, and grows

Asparagus larger shoots and fully as many of

them as Conover’s Colossal.

Palmetto. A very early variety. Even, regular size; of excellent quality.

Washington. This is the first result of a plant-breeding campaign for the eradication of Asparagus rust. The work was begun in 1906 by the U. S. Department of Agriculture, associated with the Massachusetts Experiment Station. Washington Asparagus is, as far as possible, an extremely resistant, vigorous, and high-yielding strain of giant Aspara- gus. It is rapid growing, which indicates tenderness, very uniform in size, and excellent.

Horse-Radish

An esculent root used dried, grated, and canned, or in other ways pre- served and used as a flavoring agent on meats, in vinegars, etc. Horse- Radish requires a good soil prepared in about the same manner as for corn or potatoes. The plants withstand considerable drought and are practically frostproof. In fact, frost even adds to their flavor. Ready to use by November i.

Rhubarb

The great value of Rhubarb has always been its earliness. Excellent as a 'spring tonic, it also has a delicious flavor, making it highly desir- able. The Rhubarb is a gross feeder, and it is almost impossible to make the ground too rich. The richer it is the faster will be the growth and the tenderer the stalks.

WAGNER’S GIANT CRIMSON WINTER. Wonderfully large and very productive. Beautiful red stem, cooks tender, not stringy and with an excellent flavor.

Dodge’s Prolific. Very large; stalks often 3 to 4 feet high; tender and fine.

Victoria. Very large; hardy and valuable; early.

26

Fruit and Ornamental Trees for the Northwest

Nut Trees

Recent years have witnessed a remarkable development in the planting of nut-bearing trees. In many cases they can be grown on what is normally waste land on the farm, and many times land so planted has proven to be the most productive and profitable on the place. Select nut trees which do well in your locality. They will begin bearing almost before you are aware of it. They make excellent shade as well as bring in a profitable return, so are a dual-purpose tree. Plant a few nut trees this year. Let your shade trees pay your taxes.

Almonds

Almonds require a light, warm soil.

JORDAN. Hardy. Thrives and does well in the Yakima Valley. Nut very long, narrow but plump. Heavy yielder; quality fine.

Butternut; White Walnut

Native in the eastern states. The cultivation of this variety has been neglected here. It is a beautiful growing tree and yields large nuts with rough, hard shells, and full, white, oily kernels, sweet, rich, and of delicate flavor. This variety does well in the coast counties and in well-watered regions of the foothills. Not suited to the dry, hot places.

Chestnuts

American Sweet {Castanea americana). The fruit of this variety is smaller than the European kinds, but is very sweet and well flavored; highly esteemed in the eastern states. Does well in central Washington.

Filberts

Of the easiest culture, growing 6 to i6 feet high; hardy and one of the best and most profitable nuts. Rapidly assuming a commercial im- portance west of the Cascades. While much of the work is still in the experimental stage, yet enough is now known that we feel safe in recom- mending the following two varieties as the best so far found for general northwestern conditions. Best results are secured if they are planted together so as to cross pollenize.

Barcelona. Round; heavy bearer; large.

Du Chilly. Long, thin-shelled nut; very large.

Walnuts

The English or Persian Walnut, the nut of commerce, is planted largely on the Pacific Coast, one 1,600-acre orchard alone being planted in Oregon, besides many others only slightly smaller.

Vrooman Franquette. This pure strain is recognized as being the best variety for the Northwest on account of its late blooming, self- pollenizing, and perfect sealing qualities. The shell is full of rich meat, is perfectly sealed, and the nuts command the highest market price. Trees of this variety are doing splendidly here in the Yakima Valley, but with our present knowledge we would not recommend them for sections colder than this.

American Black. Makes a most beautiful shade tree, and the heavy crops of nuts sell readily, last winter bringing 15 cents per pound in our local markets. In localities where the English Walnut cannot be raised, all waste land or field borders should be planted to the Black Walnut.

California Black Walnut. Early bearer; rapid growth; nut hard but smooth, unlike American Black; rich and oily.

Japan {Juglans Sieboldii). Exceedingly hardy; vigorous but strag- gling grower. Nuts borne in clusters. Meat is sweet, flavor resembling pecans.

27

Fruit and Ornamental Trees for the Northwest

Shade and Ornamental Trees

Few people realize that by the use of a little time and money they may have attractive grounds and not only add to their own comfort, but greatly to the value of their property. How much more would you pay for a home in a setting of shade trees than for the same house set out in the glaring sun with no shade at all. A few years ago a certain man in the Palouse country lost the sale of his $70,000 farm simply because he had no shade trees planted around the house and barn, and the would-be purchaser would not consider taking it because it lacked this inviting feature. $25 expended in shade trees five years before would have been the means of selling that place. A few dollars spent in making a place more livable will bring back at least ten times that amount in added enjoyment and actual money returns in a few years if one should want to sell. We will be glad to help you select the trees you will need for your particular location and climate.

A sentimental value attaches to trees as they grow in dignity and beauty, and you will find them a splendid means of keeping the young folks on the farm. How much more inviting the home, nestling in a cool retreat under spreading branches, than the house that stands stark and bare on the landscape.

THE TREE

By Joyce Kilmer (Who gave his life in France)

I think that I shall never see A poem lovely as a tree.

A tree whose hungry mouth is prest Against the earth’s sweet flowing breast.

A tree that looks at God all day And lifts her leafy arms to pray;

A tree that may in summer wear A nest of robins in her hair;

Upon whose bosom snow has lain; Who intimately lives with rain.

Poems are made by fools like me. But only God can make a tree.

Trees vary in their characteristics and are therefore useful for dif- ferent purposes, and one should select a tree for the purpose intended. For instance, one would not line a street with the Cut-Leaf Weeping Birch, pretty as it is for single lawn planting.

Hints for Selecting Shade and Ornamental Trees

For Street or Border Planting Maple, Norway ' Elm, English Maple, Scarlet

Maple, Sugar Sycamore, European Linden, American

Elm, American (Oriental Plane) Catalpa speciosa

For Ornamental and Specimen Planting Catalpa Bungei Thorn, Red

Crab, Bechtel’s Double-flowering Birch, Cut-Leaf Weeping

28

Fruit and Ornamental Trees for the Northwest

GENERAL LIST OF SHADE TREES

BALM OF GILEAD {Populus candicans; P. ontariensis) . A native species of remarkably rapid growth.

BIRCH, European White {Betula alba). A fine, graceful tree, with spray-like branches. Moderate size, with silvery bark and slender branches.

BOX ELDER (Ash-leaved Maple; Acer Negundo). A fine, rapid-grow- ing variety, with handsome, light green, pinnated foliage and spread- ing head; very hardy. Desirable for street planting and succeeds in many sections where other varieties do not thrive. Leaves come earlier than any other tree.

CATALPA Bungei (Umbrella Catalpa). Grafted on stems 6 to 8 feet high, it makes an umbrella-shaped top without pruning. Perfectly hardy and flourishes in almost all soils and climates. Leaves large, glossy, heart-shaped, deep green, like shingles on a roof; always make a symmetrical head. One of the most unique trees. Desirable for lawn, park, and cemetery planting.

speciosa. One of the most rapid-growers. Large, heart-shaped, downy leaves and compound panicles of white flowers, tinged with violet and dotted with purple and yellow. Very ornamental as a single specimen, but makes a -good tree in large plantings.

CRAB, Bechtel’s Douhle-fiowering ~(Pyrus malus floribunda). Me- dium-sized ornamental tree of great beauty; perfectly hardy; suc- ceeds well in all soils not extremely wet. When in bloom in early spring this tree is covered with perfectly double, small flowers resembling pink roses and deliciously fra- grant. Does not bloom until the leaves are fully developed, which adds greatly to its beauty.

ELM, American ( Ulmus ameri- cana). One of the choicest avenue trees available, forming a majestic vase- like specimen with graceful, arching branches. One of the grandest trees of our own American forests.

English {U. campestris) .

An erect, lofty tree, with rather small foliage of dark green which remains several weeks longer than that of the American Elm. A very majestic, imposing tree.

Fine for avenue planting. American Elm

FRINGE, Purple {Rhus Cotinus). A small tree or shrub much admired for its curious fringe- or hair-like flowers that cover its whole surface in midsummer.

White {Chionanihus virginica). A small native .tree or shrub, with dark, glossy leaves and drooping racemes of pure white flowers, having narrow, fringe-like petals.

HORSE-CHESTNUT, Red-flowering {Msculus rubicunda). Not so rapid or so fine a grower as the white; foliage deep green; blooms later, with showy red flowers.

White {M. Hippocastanum) . A very beautiful, well-known tree, with round, dense head, dark green foliage, and, in early spring, an abundance of showy white flow^ers, slightly marked wdth red specks, in panicles.

29

Fruit and Ornamental Trees for the Northwest

SHADE AND ORNAMENTAL TREES, continned

LINDEN, American (Basswood; Tilia americana). A rapid-growing, beautiful, pyramidal native tree, with very large leaves and fra- grant yellowish white flowers appearing in June, in drooping clusters of five to twenty blossoms.

European {T. vulgaris, T. europcea). Not quite so large as the American Linden, but of a beautiful pyramidal shape with large leaves and fragrant flowers. The leaves are deep green above, silvery beneath, the slightest breeze stirring them and showing the white lining of the foliage.

V.OC\JST, BleLclsi {Rohinia Pseudacacia). Height 50 to 8o feet. Medium- sized tree, with feathery foliage and drooping racemes of very fra- grant pea-shaped white flowers the middle of May.

Honey {Gleditsia triacanthos). A rapid-growing native tree, with powerful spines and delicate foliage, used especially for stock or field-hedges.

MAPLE, Norway {Acer platanoides). One of the most beautiful of all trees for street or avenue planting. Its large size, compact habit, broad, deep shining foliage, and stout, vigorous growth render it highly desirable. If given plenty of room it develops into a mag- nificent specimen. Attains a height of 70 to 100 feet.

Scarlet {A. ruhrum). Height 50 to 100 feet. Branches spreading; deep red blossoms in early spring before the foliage; in autumn the

leaves turn to bril- liant shades of red and scarlet.

Maples, Silver, or Soft

{A. dasycarpum). A well-known native tree of rapid growth, large size, and irregu- lar, rounded form. Foliage bright green above and silvery white beneath. Tree very hardy and easily transplanted. One of the most useful trees. We have a fine lot of them.

Sugar, or Rock {A .

saccharum). Pyrami- dal form. Its upright habit of growth, dense foliage, and adapta- bility to different soils have rendered it one of the most extensive- ly used. In autumn it assumes rich tints of yellow and scarlet. Long-lived and highly desirable. Valuable for sugar.

Sycamore {A. pseudoplatanus). A noble European variety of rapid, spreading growth; broad, deep green foliage; a desirable shade tree.

MOUNTAIN ASH, European {Pyrus aucuparia). Similar in appear- ance to the American, with finer foliage and smaller, deeper colored berries. Much more desirable than the American and everywhere very popular. Erect stem; smooth bark; head dense and regular. Height 20 to 35 feet, when fully grown.

MULBERRY, Russian {Morus tatarica). A very hardy, rapid-growing tree of great value. Fruit of good size and produced in great abundance. Especially useful to plant near cherry trees, as it keeps the birds from destroying the crops on the fruit trees.

30

Fruit and Ornamental Trees for the Northwest

SHADE AND ORNAMENTAL TREES, continued

OAK, Red {Quercus rubra). Exceedingly beautiful, rapid-growing, majestic tree, forming a broad, round head 8o feet high. Foliage turns brilliant dark red in autumn. One of the very best sorts for street and ornamental planting.

POPLAR, Canadian (Populus canadensis). A very handsome, rapid- growing tree similar to the well-known Carolina Poplar, but of denser and lower branching habit of growth. Unusually hardy, thriving in the coldest sections of Montana, Wyoming, and eastern Alberta where many other kinds do not live. Dense foliage; large leaves of brilliant green.

Carolina (P. carolinensis). One of the most handsome and rapid- growing trees, with large, attractive, glossy, serrated, deep green leaves. Succeeds everywhere. Especially adapted for planting where quick shade is desired, but it should only be planted with other trees of a permanent type, with the idea of removing the Poplar in about eight or nine years when the other trees have attained sufficient size. Not altogether desirable for street or lawn planting as the roots clog up the sewers and extend long distances into the lawn just below the surface, upheaving it and sapping the moisture. It has its place, however, in the prairie sections and should be planted largely. Thrives under almost any condition, but responds readily to plenty of water.

Lombardy (P. fastigiata). A well-known, tall-growing tree of rapid growth and spire-like outline; very essential in landscaping to give variety of form and destroy the appearance of sameness produced by other trees of different height and habit of growth.

Silver (P. alba). A tree of wonderfully rapid growth and spreading habit ; leaves large, dark, rich green above and white as snow beneath.

PRUNUS Pissardii (Purple-Leaf Plum). The leaves, as they first appear on the tips, are a beautiful orange color, and they mature to a rich purple, clear and distinct, growing darker as the season advances. Beautiful, shining bark; pink flowers and bright red fruit. Very hardy, rapid grower. Grows about 25 feet high.

triloba (Double-flowering Plum). A very desirable shrub or small tree introduced from Japan. Flowers semi-double, of delicate pink, upward of an inch in diameter, thickly set. Hardy; flowers in May.

SYCAMORE, American (Buttonwood; Platanus occidentalis) . A well-known, tall, rapid-growing native tree; leaves large, heart- shaped at the base, lobes sharp-pointed.

European (Oriental Plane; P. orientalis). A lofty, wide-spreading tree ; heart-shaped leaves, deeply cut ; valu- able for its handsome foliage and free growth ; not so subject to dis- ease as our native spe- cies. Excellent for street or avenue planting in Central Oregon, Wash- ington, and Idaho.

THORN, Paul’s Double

Red {CratcBgus coccinea fl.-pl Paulii). Flowers large, deep carmine- scarlet. Very beautiful ornamental tree, grow- ing to about 30 feet.

Double White (C. alba fl.-pl.). Has small, double white flowers.

WILLOW, Golden {Salix vitellina aurea). A splendid grower, with light green leaves and golden yellow branches.

European^Sycamore

31

Fruit and Ornamental Trees for the Northwest

Weeping Deciduous Trees

Much attention is now given to this class of trees, and we place them separately for the convenience of our patrons. The grace and beauty of the weeping varieties render them especially adapted to yard, lawn, or cemetery.

BIRCH, Cut-leaved {Betula laciniata pendula). Probably the most popular and desirable lawn tree in existence. Vigorous and perfectly hardy. Trunk straight, slender, and white as snow. Slim side branches droop in a most picturesque manner. Foliage delicate and deeply cut, coloring finely in the fall. The drooping branches and silvery bark form a most effective combination during the winter months, while the effect in the summer, with the long, grace- fully drooping branches clothed with dainty leaves, is equally pleasing.

ELM, Camperdown ( Ulmus glabra Camperdownii). Budded about 6 feet high on American Elm stock. Forms a dense, rounded head. Very beautiful. Leaves large, dark green, and glossy, covering the tree with a luxuriant mass of verdure.

WILLOW, Babylonian {Salix hahylonica). The well-known common Weeping Willow. Exceedingly graceful and picturesque and easy to grow. Thrives well in any situation, but does particularly well along the banks of streams, where it adds a much-needed note to the landscape.

Cut-leaved Birch

32

Fruit and Ornamental Trees for the Northwest

Flowering Deciduous Shrubs

NO home is complete without a proper setting of shrubs.^ They cover a wide range in flower and foliage, habit of growth, and season of blossoming. Use the larger ones for the background, working down to the smaller ones directly in front.

Do not spoil a lawn by planting single specimens or small groups in the center, but plant masses of shrubbery around the lawn or outer border of the place to give it a distinct outline. Instead of making a stiff formal line by planting all of one kind or height, make it wavy or irregular by putting little clumps of shrubbery here and there along the border, using as a center some tall shrub with distinct foliage.

"Tie” the house to the ground with a planting of shrubs around the foundation. This breaks the sharp angle caused by the house meeting the ground and makes it "nestle” or “melt” into its surroundings. For this purpose you will, of course, want the low-grow- ing shrubs, unless your home rests on a very high foundation. In corners or where there are no windows, plant some of the higher shrubs, massing the lower ones in front. As a general rule the prevailing height of the shrubs around the rest of the house should be no higher than the bottom of the windows. In order, however, to avoid monotony, plant slightly higher shrubs between the windows.

For a splendid treatise on beautifying the home we suggest you write the U. S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C., for Farmer's Bulletin No. 1087, "Beautifying the Farmstead.”

The following list of shrubs comprises the best varieties adapted to our northwestern conditions. You will find all of the old standard sorts with which we are all familiar, also the desirable newer varieties.

Most persons interested in beautifying their grounds are naturally desirous of knowing which shrubs to use for certain places. To assist in selecting shrubs for various places, such as for backgrounds, foregrounds, etc., the following table has been compiled. Full descriptions of the various shrubs have already been given. The blooming season is also given so that by judicious selection one can have some bloom during the entire season from April to October.

If we can be of any assistance to you in planning your grounds, feel free to call upon us. We are prepared to offer definite suggestions that will help you plant your stock so as to get the maximum results.

Shrubs Attaining a Height of 6 to 8 Feet

Blue and Purple Flowers

Althaea. Purple August, September

Lilac, Pres. Grevy. Blue May

Lilac, Common. Purple Early May

Lilac, Mme. Louis Spaeth. Purplish red May

Pink Flowers

Althaea. Pink August, September

Lilac, Belle de Nancy. Satiny pink Early May

Red Flowers

Althaea. Red August, September

Lilac, Senator Volland. Rosy red Early May

Honeysuckle, Red Tartarian Early May

White Flowers

Althaea. White August, September

Honeysuckle, White Tartarian Early May

LUac, Frau Dammann Early May

Lilac, Common. White Early May

Snowball, Common, Japan, and Opulus Early May

Syringa, Garland (Mock Orange) June

Yellow Flowers

Forsythia suspensa (Drooping Golden Bell) .... April

33

Fruit and Ornamental Trees for the Northwest

Shrubs Attaining a Height of 5 to 6 Feet

Pink Flowers

Weigela, Rose-colored May, June

Red Flowers

Japan Quince. Beautiful blossoms March, April

White Flowers

Hydrangea paniculata grandiflora July, early September

Spiraea prunifolia Early May

Spiraea Vanhouttei May

Shrubs Attaining a Height of 4 to 5 Feet

Brown Flowers

Calycanthus floridus. Chocolate-colored flowers . . June

Pink Flowers

Almond, Double-flowering. Bright pink flowers . . Early May

White Flowers

Almond, Double-flowering. Pure white flowers . . Early May Hydrangea arborescens (Hills of Snow). Pure

white flowers June to October

Spiraea Thunbergii. Pure white blooms Late April, early May

Syringa Lemoinei. Pure white blooms May, June

Shrubs Attaining a Height of 3 to 4 Feet

Pink Flowers

Weigela, Variegated-leaved. Bright pink flowers . . June

Red Flowers _

Weigela hybrida, Eva Rathke. Bright red flowers . June

White Flowers

Deutzia Lemoinei. Pure white flowers May, June

Shrubs Attaining a Height of 1 to 3 Feet

Red Flowers

Spiraea Bumalda, Anthony Waterer. Magenta-red

to deep pink blooms July to September

White Flowers

Deutzia gracilis. Pure white blooms May, June

Spiraea callosa alba. White blooms July to September

Spiraea, Golden. White blooms June

Syringa, Golden. White blooms June

Shrubs Valuable for their Leaf or Bark Effects

To brighten up a planting and add interest to it one should use the variegated-leaved shrubs sparingly. The following can be used to good advantage. The height is given so it can be fitted in with whatever group it belongs.

Barberry. Leaves turn to beautiful crimson in autumn, followed with bright red berries. 3 to 4 feet.

Dogwood. Variegated. Fine for backgrounds. Grows 10 to 12 feet high. Syringa, Golden. Showy, yellow leaves. Grows to 3 to 4 feet high.

Spiraea, Golden. Grows 24 to 36 inches high.

34

Fruit and Ornamental Trees for the Northwest

inunoeig s joaroerry

GENERAL LIST OF FLOWERING SHRUBS

ALTHEA {Hibiscus syriacus). Flowers large, close to branch, beauti- ful. Blooms very freely in August and September. Not altogether hardy where temperature gets below lo degrees below zero. Can be furnished in Red, Pink, Purple, White, and Variegated-leaved. Ultimate height 6 to 8 feet.

ALMOND, Double Pink {Primus japonica rubra fl. -pi.) . A beautiful small shrub, bearing, in May, before the leaves appear, small dou- ble, rose-like flowers, closely set upon the twigs. Ultimate height 4 to 5 feet.

Double White {P. japonica alba fl.-pL). Same as above except flowers are white.

BARBERRY, Thunberg’s {Berberis Thunbergii). Not the Barberry which harbors the wheat rust, but a beautiful, small, com- pact shrub, somewhat thorny.

Foliage small; bright red leaves in autumn and bright red berries»all winter. Intro- duced from Japan. Highly desirable for use as hedge, and is an effective barrier to small animals, because of the fine spines which cover the branches. It is graceful when allowed to grow in its natural drooping form, but can be pruned to oval or flat form if desired. Ultimate height 3 to 4 feet.

CALYCANTHUS floridus

(Sweet-scented Shrub). The wood is fragrant ; foliage rich ; flowers are of chocolate color, having a peculiarly agreeable odor. Blooms in June and at intervals afterward. Ultimate height 4 to 5 feet.

Althaea, or Rose of Sharon

35

Fruit and Ornamental Trees for the Northwest

Hydrangea paniculata grandiflora

FLOWERING DECIDUOUS SHRUBS continued

DEUTZIA gracilis. A very desirable dwarf-growing variety. Flowers pure white; blooms profusely in June. Excellent for massing in front of higher shrubs. Very hardy. A valuable plant for winter bloom- ing indoors. Ultimate height 2 to 3 feet.

Lemoinei. Single; white. A hardy hybrid, partaking to a great extent of the character of Gracilis, but of a stronger growth. Good for forcing. Ultimate height 2 to 3 feet, scabra, Pride of Rochester. A new variety, said to excel all others in size of the double white flowers, profusion of bloom, and vig- orous habit of growing. Ultimate height 4 to 5 feet.

DOGWOOD, Variegated {Cornus sanguinea variegata). One of the finest variegated shrubs ; of rapid growth. Leaves broadly margined with white; bark bright red in winter. Height 10 to 12 feet.

FORSYTHIA suspensa (Golden Bell). Drooping habit with yellow, pendulous flowers in early spring before its leaves appear. Ultimate height 6 to 7 feet.

HYDRANGEA paniculata grandiflora. This is one of the most val- uable of our hardy shrubs. It attains a height of 5 to 6 feet and is perfectly hardy in all parts of the country. The flowers are white, borne in immense panicles nearly a foot long. It commences flowering in July and continues till the end of September or early October. Excellent for cemetery planting; valuable both for foliage and flowers, which are very durable, arborescens grandiflora (Hills of Snow). This new American Hydrangea is believed to be the most beautiful hardy flowering shrub ever introduced. It blooms from early June till toward autumn frosts. The breadth is practically the same as the height, being from 4 to 5 feet, and it bears large, semi-circular, trusses of beautifully formed flowers of dazzling whiteness.

HONEYSUCKLE, Red Tartarian {Lonicera tatarica rubra). A beautiful flowering shrub; blooms early in May; flowers red and pink. Ultimate height 6 to 8 feet.

White Tartarian (L. tatarica alba). Similar to above except flowers are white. Ultimate height 6 to 8 feet.

36

Fruit and Ornamental Trees for the Northwest

FLOWERING DECIDUOUS SHRUBS, continued

LILAC, Common Purple {Syringa vulgaris). The well-known purple Lilac of our grandmothers’ gardens. Free bloomer and very fra- grant. Ultimate height 8 feet.

Common White {S. vulgaris alba). The same, only white bloom.

Persian {S. persica). Medium size with small leaves and bright purple flowers.

Belle de Nancy. (Double.) Very large, brilliant satiny rose, white toward center.

Frau Dammann. This produces the largest clusters of white Lilacs of the common species known in cultivation, also the purest white.

Mme. Ludwig Spaeth. (Single.) Panicle long; individual flowers large, dark purplish red; distinct; superb. The finest of its color,

President Grevy. (Double.) A beautiful blue; individual flowers very double and very large. The panicle is magnificent and meas- ures 1 1 inches in length and 5 inches across. One of the finest Lilacs.

Japanese {S. japonica; Tree Lilac). A new species from Japan that makes a tree 20 to 25 feet high. Foliage large, very dark green, glossy and leathery. Flowers white, in immense clusters, about a month later than the common sorts.

QUINCE, Red-flowering {Cydonica japonica umhilicata). Large, bril- liant red blossoms appearing in early spring in great profusion. Foliage bright green and glossy all through the summer. Of straggling growth, but can be pruned to desirable shape without injury. Sufficiently thorny and strong to make a valuable hedge, and its beautiful flowers make it very handsome for that purpose. Ultimate height 5 to 6 feet.

SNOWBALL, Common {Viburnum sterile). A well-known shrub of large size, with globular clusters of pure white flowers in the latter part of May. Ultimate height 8 feet.

Japanese {V. plicatum). This Japanese variety of the old-fashioned Snowball is one of the most valuable of our hardy shrubs. It forms an erect, compact shrub 6 to 8 feet high; blooms in June and for a long time is a solid mass of white. The plants are completely cov- ered from the ground to the top of the branches with large balls of flowers as white as snow.

Opulus (High Bush Cranberry; V. Opulus). Handsome and dense foliage; flowers white, in drooping flat cymes, in May, followed by brilliant scarlet fruit in showy pendulous bunches, that remain on the plant all win- ter. Ultimate height 8 feet.

SPIRAEA Bum aid a, Anthony Waterer.

Dwarf grower, attain- ing about 24 inches in height. Fine for edging or planting in front of shrub groups. The flowers are a magenta-red at first, fading afterward to a deep pink. It blooms about the end of June and if the flowers are cut off as fast as they commence to wither, there will be a continuance of them throughout the season to some extent.

President Grevy Lilac

37

Fruit and Ornamental Trees for the Northwest

Spiraea Vanhouttei

FLOWERING DECIDUOUS SHRUBS, continued

Spiraea aurea Golden-leaved Spirea). Flowers fine, white; foliage of a beautiful golden color which gives variety to the group planting. Blooms in June; grows to about 24 or 36 inches high.

callosa alba. Same as Anthony Waterer except flowers are white.

prunifolia (Bridal Wreath). Very beautiful; double flowers like white daisies covering the plant with a profusion of bloom in May. Ultimate height 5 to 6 feet.

Thunbergii. Profusion of small white flowers in early spring. Forms a rounded, graceful, dwarf bush. Foliage fern-like, branches slender and somewhat drooping. Ultimate height 4 to 5 feet.

Vanhouttei. One of the very best of all shrubs. Succeeds well in almost any location. Plant pendulous, yet upright, giving a most graceful appearance even when not in bloom. Flowers pure white and borne in dense clusters along the whole length of the branches, often weighting them to the ground. One of the most ornamental shrubs we offer. Excellent as a single specimen or in grouping with other shrubs; also a fine hedge plant. Blooms in early May. Ultimate height 5 to 6 feet.

SYRINGA, Garland {Philadelphus coronarius). The well-known Mock Orange. Pure white, sweet-scented, orange-blossom-like flowers in June. Ultimate height 8 feet.

Golden {P. aurea). A very pretty plant of medium size with golden yellow foliage. It retains its color the entire season and is valuable for creating pleasing and striking contrasts with both green and purple-leaved shrubs. Ultimate height 3 to 4 feet.

Lemoine’s (P. Lemoinei erectus). A charming variety of upright growth, flowers small, yellowish white, fragrant, more clustered than the older sorts, completely covering the bush. Ultimate height 4 to 5 feet. May and June.

TAMARIX africana. A very beautiful shrub or small tree, with very fine feathery foliage somewhat like the juniper. This sort has light pink flowers in small racemes, which appear toward the first of June. A valuable sort for near the seashore or in sandy soils where others do not do well. Thrives in the very spray of salt water. Ultimate height, 12 to 15 feet.

hispida. Somewhat similar to above, except that the tip ends of the branches come into bloom with a beautiful pink effect in midsum- mer, which, contrasting with the feathery green of the remainder of the bush, makes a beautiful effect. Ultimate height 12 to 15 feet.

38

Fruit and Ornamental Trees for the Northwest

FLOWERING DECIDUOUS SHRUBS, continued

WEIGELA rosea {Diervilla rosed). An elegant shrub, with fine, rose- colored leaves. Introduced from China. Quite hardy. Blooms in May. Ultimate height 5 to 6 feet.

Hybrida, Eva Rathke {D. hybrida, Eva Rathke). Similar to D. Van Houttei, only better. Rich carmine-colored blooms in great pro- fusion. June. Ultimate height 3 to 4 feet.

Variegated {J). nana foliis variegatis) . Leaves bordered with yel- lowish white, finely marked. Flowers bright pink and borne in great profusion. June. Ultimate height 3 to 4 feet.

Hedge of California Privet

Hedge Plants

No other single item in decorating grounds has as much to do with the effect as hedges. You can spend $25, $50 or even $100 in buying and planting a hedge that will easily add four times that amount in the cash value of your place. Requiring little attention, it grows in value and beauty from year to year and is one of the most satisfactory invest- ments you can make on your place. The varieties listed below are especially recommended.

PRIVET, Amoor River North {Ligustrum amurense). Exceedingly hardy. Thrives well in Montana, Wyoming, or similar places where even the hardy common Privet fails. Leaves small, bright green; plant very bushy and stands shearing well.

California. Beautiful bright green; bushy habit of growth. Not recommended where temperature gets below zero.

Common. Hardy; dense grower; bluish green tint. Very desirable. Stands shearing well.

In Planting Privet, set two rows, i foot apart, plants a foot apart in the row. Set in “staggered” fashion, or alternately. Plant about 6 inches deeper than where they stood in the nursery row and cut back to 2 to 3 inches from the ground. This will cause heavy, dense growth from the ground up.

BARBERRY, Thunberg’s and Japan Quince are also used to some extent for hedge purposes. Barberry makes a particularly desir- able hedge, growing rapidly and forming a dense thorny barrier. In winter it has many bright red berries.

Please note that Thunberg’s Barberry does not harbor wheat rust like the common Barberry of the East; therefore it can be used any- where with perfect safety.

39

Fruit and Ornamental Trees for the Northwest

Climbing Vines

Equally ornamental on walls and terraces, on stables, on the mansion, or on the humblest cottage. They grace the garden walls and take from stiff and hard lines their ugliness by fresh foliage, pretty flowers, and, often, pleasing fruit. Invaluable for covering trellises, walls, cottages, etc. No porch can be entirely comfortable without some climbing vine.

AMPELOPSIS Engelmannii. Exceedingly hardy. Clings to brick or stone. Large leaves, bright green turning to brilliant red in fall.

Veitchii (Japan Ivy; Boston Ivy). A beautiful, climbing plant of Japanese origin. Leaves a little smaller and more ivy-like than Virginia Creeper. This is one of the finest climbers we have for covering walls, as it clings firmly to the smoothest surface, cover- ing it with overlapping leaves which form a perfect mass of foliage. Not recommended for planting east of Cascade Mountains.

quinquefolia (Virginia Creeper; Old-fashioned Woodbine). A native vine of rapid growth, with large leaves and rich coloring in fall. The blossoms, which are inconspicuous, are succeeded by hand- some dark blue berries. Like the bignonia and ivy, it throws out tendrils at the joints; by this it fastens itself to any wood it touches.

BIGNONIA capreolata (Trumpet Vine). This is a high climbing shrub, clinging by rootlets. It should be grown on posts, stumps, etc. Strong, rapid growers.

CLEMATIS (Virgin's Bower). Clematis plants of the improved sorts are exceedingly hardy, slender-branched, climbing shrubs of marvel- ously rapid growth and handsome foliage, which produce beautiful large flowers of various colors in great abundance, and during a long period. They do best in a rich soil in a sunny situation.

coccinea. Small, bell-shaped red blooms.

Henryi. This is the finest of all white Clematises, and should find a place in every collection. It is not only a vigorous grower, but is a remarkably free and continuous bloomer, beginning with the earliest and holding on with the latest.

Fruit and Ornamental Trees for the Northwest

Hall’s Japan Honeysuckle

CLIMBING VINES, continued

Clematis Jackmannii. This is, perhaps, the best known of the fine perpetual Clematises, and should have credit for the great popu- larity now attending this family of beautiful climbers. The plant is free in its form of growth, and an abundant and successful bloomer, producing flowers until frost. The flowers are large, of an intense violet-purple color, remarkable for its velvety richness. Blooms July to October.

Mme. Edouard Andre. This is the nearest approach to a bright red Clematis, and has been called the “crimson Jackmanii.” The plant is a strong vigorous grower and very free in bloom. Color a distinct crimson-red; a very pleasing shade and entirely distinct from all other varieties.

paniculata (Sweet-scented Japanese Clematis). Very rapid growth, quickly covering trellises and arbors with handsome, clean, glossy green foliage. The flowers are of medium size, pure white, borne in immense sheets and of a most delicious and penetrating fragrance. Blooms in September, at a season when very few other vines are in bloom.

Ramona. Similar to C. Jackmanii, but flowers of a bright blue.

HONEYSUCKLE, Chinese Twining {Lonicera japonica). A well- known vine, holding its foliage nearly all winter. Blooms in July and September; very sweet. Red and white blossoms.

Hall’s Japan (L. Halliana). A strong, vigorous evergreen variety with pure white flowers, changing to yellow. Very fragrant. Cov- ered with flowers from June to November.

Monthly Fragrant {L. belgica). Blossoms all summer; flowers red and yellow; very sweet; rapid grower.

Scarlet Trumpet {L. sempervirens) . A strong grower, and produces bright scarlet, inodorous flowers all summer.

IVY, English {Hedera helix). A well-known old and popular sort. Should be planted on the north side to avoid exposure to the sun and consequent sunburn.

VIRGINIA CREEPER {Ampelopsis guinguefolia) . See page 40.

WISTERIA, Purple {Wistaria sinensis). A most beautiful climber of rapid growth, producing long, pendulous clusters of pale blue flowers. When well established, makes an enormous growth. It is very hardy, and one of the most superb vines ever introduced. Both the purple and white Wisterias are superb vines for porch screens, covering trellises or old trees.

White {W. sinensis alba). Similar to above except white, and rather tender.

41

Fruit and Ornamental Trees for the Northwest

Miscellaneous Bedding Plants

Dahlias

Few cultivated plants have such a wide range of color as the Dahlia. It is a favorite generally on account of its fall blooming proclivities and on account of its cheapness. Massed in corners, or backgrounds its beautiful bright-colored blooms, supported on tall, stiff stems, furnish a touch of color much needed in autumn when so few flowers are in bloom. We offer the two most popular types, the Cactus and Deco- rative.

Planting. The following directions from Bailey’s “Cyclopedia of Horticulture” are authoritative:

“Plant large, strong roots about two weeks before danger of frost is over. Young plants and small roots should be planted about three weeks later, or after all danger of frost is over. Lay the tubers on their side about twice or three times their depth.”

Tillage. Thoroughly stir the soil to considerable depth and enrich it if it is not already rich. This allows the roots to go down deep after the moisture more readily during dry weather. During its early stage of development, the Dahlia grows very rapidly, and should be kept thoroughly tilled. But while deep tillage is beneficial during its early stages of development, it is almost fatal to the production of flowers if practised after the plants come into bloom.

Position. Dahlias are easily destroyed by high winds unless placed in a protected position or well staked.

Storing the Roots. As soon as the plants are killed by frost, lift the roots, and, after removing all the soil possible from them allow them to dry in the air for a few hours, when they should be stored in the cellar or some other cool place secure from frost.

Replanting or Dividing the Roots. As the eyes are not on the tubers, but on the crown to which the tubers are attached, care must be taken that each division has at least one eye, otherwise the roots will never grow. A little study will show you how to divide the tubers.

Cactus Dahlia,

characterized by long, narrow, twisted, pointed petals. This is un- doubtedly the best known and most popular of the various types of Dahlias. Decorative Dah- lia. Excellent for cut-flowers. Characterized by its strong, erect growth and its very large, loosely formed flowers on strong, stiff stems far above the foli- age.

We can furnish the four primary colors in each of the above types — Pink, Red, White, and Yellow — in first quality, blooming size tubers.

Cactus Dahlia

42

Fruit and Ornamental Trees for the Northwest

Border of Peonies

Peonies

The gorgeous, dazzling Peony is one flower which should be planted more extensively than it has been in the past. It is descended from PcEonia alhiflora, a native of Siberia, and is the one flower for the North- west, for it stands any kind of weather without injury. Being abso- lutely hardy, flowering in greater profusion each succeeding year, and being pest- and disease-proof, it deserves to be widely planted.

Peonies will not reproduce typical blooms the first season, many fine double varieties throwing single or semi-double flowers, and it is not till the third year that the finest flowers are produced. Each succeeding year adds to the beauty of the flowers.

For Memorial Day Peonies are grown in large quantities, and there is seldom enough to supply the demand at good prices. Nothing is more suitable for social functions, weddings, and church decorations. For home and table decorations they are splendid and last in water longer than most other flowers. Their delicate perfume scents the whole house. By placing the buds in cold storage they may be kept in first-class con- dition for three or four weeks.

When Planting. Plant so that the eyes will be from 2 to 3 inches below the surface.

Culture. While they require practically no care, yet they will abun- dantly repay good care and nourishment. However, do not put manure too near the roots nor cover the crowns of the plants in winter with it. As the roots go straight down the soil can be cultivated around them and fine, well-rotted manure worked in with the soil.

The following list is not so long as to be confusing, but comprises some of the best standard sorts, all of which are first class and sure to please. No mistake will be made in planting liberally from this list.

Duke of Wellington. Large, globular flowers, with white guards and sulphur center. Fragrant. Medium tall, vigorous grower; free bloomer. Late.

Felix Crousse. Large; globular; rich, even, brilliant, dazzling, ruby- red. Strong vigorous grower; medium height. Free bloomer. One of the best red varieties. Especially fine for cut-flowers.

43

Fruit and Ornamental Trees for the Northwest

PEONIES, continued

Festiva Maxima. Very large, globular, rose type. Pure white center, prominently flecked crimson; outer petals sometimes faint lilac- white on first opening. Very tall, strong, vigorous grower. The finest white Peony in existence. With us it usually blooms from about May I to 25.

Floral Treasure. Very large, showy, rose type; pale lilac-rose; fra- grant. Strong, tall, upright grower; free bloomer. One of the best for cut-flowers. Midseason.

Gigantea. Enormous flowers 8 to 9 inches across, of an exquisite shade of clear pink. One of the best.

La Perle. Very large, compact, globular, rose type. Deep lilac-white, blush center, prominently flecked with carmine. F ragrant. Tall ; extra strong; free bloomer. Midseason. Extra good.

L’Eclatante. Very large; compact; brilliant red. Medium height; extra strong. Midseason. Extra good.

Marie Lemoine. Large, very compact, rose type. Pure white with cream-white center, occasional carmine tip. Fragrant. Medium height, extra-strong stem. Extra-good commercial variety. Follows Festiva Maxima.

Daisies, Shasta

Chrysanthemum maximum hybridum

Originated by Luther Burbank, from whom we secured our supply. A marvelous combination of size, grace, abundance, and general effec- tiveness of flowers, which are borne on long, clean, strong stems. Snowy white or cream colored, 4 to 5 inches across.

Iris germanica (German Iris)

The true Fleur-de-Lis, the national flower of France. They are per- fectly hardy, thrive anywhere, grow and blossom luxuriantly, partic- ularly if plentifully supplied with water or if planted in moist situations, as on banks of ponds, etc. Plants well established produce from 50 to 100 spikes of bloom, deliciously fragrant and fine for cutting. In beauty, the flowers rival the finest orchids, colors ranging through richest yel- lows, intense purples, delicate blues, soft mauves, beautiful claret-reds, white, primrose, and bronzes of every imaginable shade.

Fruit and Ornamental Trees for the Northwest

From the dawn of history the Rose has reigned as the queen of flowers, and until time shall end it will so continue. Immortalized in art and song, its beauty and fragrance the theme of the poet, symbolized in sacred literature, and endeared to countless generations through the tender associations of love and home, it will always claim the devotion of mankind as does no other plant creation.

Henry Ward Beecher says of the Rose: “The sweetest thing that God made and forgot to put a soul in is the rose.” To this we heartily say, “Amen!”

Although to our foreign friends, with their painstaking care and love of the beautiful, must still be given the credit for developing many of the newer types, it remains for the Pacific Coast to bring most of these to their greatest perfection. The interest in Rose-culture extends every- where, and now the arid and irrigated regions are growing most mag- nificent specimens, vieing with the more humid climate of the coast section in the perfection of plant and bloom.

'No shrub or flower responds so readily to a little care and attention and returns such an abundance of beauty and fragrance through so long a period as does the Rose. Not a lot so small or acre so broad but the Rose must be the crowning feature.

Rose-growing is not an expensive luxury, neither does it require great labor. No other flower can be so well afforded by rich and poor alike. It adds charm and attractiveness to the humble home of the lowly as well as to the mansion of the aristocrat.

The following list, while not so long as some, comprises the best of the old standard sorts as well as the cream of the newer introductions. Much time has been given to the selection of varieties that would suit the wide range of tastes that rhust necessarily arise from as extended a field as we cover. We have carefully considered the milder coast cli- mate, also the more severe climate east of the Cascades, and believe you will find that our list includes the best-known varieties, adapted to both sections.

Not Hothouse Grown. Do not confound our choice two-year field- grown stock with the small, tender hothouse plants offered at low prices. Such plants always prove a disappointment, and besides, if they do live, you have to wait two years before getting a bloom.

Blooms the First Season. Our plants are hardy, field-grown, two- year stock, well rooted, and will bloom the first summer. It pays to get the best always.

We Pay Transportation Charges. Remember that our prices cover charges prepaid to destination. We pack carefully and guarantee stock to arrive in good condition.

Gold Medal and

Other Roses

45

Fruit and Ornamental Trees for the Northwest

Marechal Niel Climbing Rose (See page 54)

ROSES, continued

Planting Hints. The simplest and easiest way to prepare the bed is to spade the soil deeply, mixing with it a good supply of well-rotte stable manure. See that the ground drains well, and in sections east o^ the Cascades try to secure a position somewhat shaded, for the bloom^ fades out too quickly if exposed to the hot, glaring sun the entire day. Plants should also be somewhat protected from the fierce, driving winds sometimes found in these sections.

If Dry Upon Arrival. If, through unusual delay, the plants appear dry upon arrival, dig a trench, laying the bushes down flat singly in the trench, covering well with earth, both root and top, to a depth of 3 to 4 inches. Soak well with water and leave two or three days, then dig them up and plant. It is surprising how this will revive them.

Do Not Expose to Wind and Sun before planting, as this quickly dries out and impairs the vitality of the plant. Keep well covered with damp burlap or set the plants in a bucket of water while planting.

Do Not Let Manure Come in Contact with the Roots or the. Top; it will burn or damage the plant. Keep the soil well cultivated.

How to Prune. Before planting cut back the tops to about 6 inches, leaving one to three prongs. Cut back the roots somewhat, trimming off the bruised or broken ends. A fresh cut callouses quickly. Each suc- ceeding year cut out all dead wood in the early spring as soon as the frost is out of the ground, and leave three to five of the strongest shoots of last year’s growth, but cut these back to 8 to 12 inches from the ground. The stronger-growing shoots should be cut back to 12 inches and the weaker ones to 8 inches. This applies more particularly to the vigorous growing Hybrid Perpetuals. The Hybrid Tea Roses should be pruned lightly, shortening the strongest shoots to 4 to 6 inches. With Rambler or (Climbing Roses, remove the dead shoots and thin out the tall shoots, cutting back when necessary to within 3 inches of the base. If your Roses are budded instead of “own-root” Roses, then watch out for wild Rose suckers which come from below the surface. These must be removed when they appear or they will soon grow up and smother the plant, rendering it practically worthless.

Pests. For aphis, cultivate the ground well, sprinkle the plants with tobacco dust or insect powder, after which spray with water. Or they may be readily controlled by early spraying with an Ivory soap solution (an eight-cent cake to eight gallons of water), the standard kerosene emulsion diluted with twelve to fifteen parts of w'ater, or a tobacco pre- paration such as Black-Leaf 40. Be sure to spray early before the plant- lice become abundant. Pick off by hand the caterpillar or rose grub.

46

Fruit and Ornamental Trees for the Northwest

ROSES, continued

Winter Protection. Experience has shown that the best protection for Roses is the soil. Before the ground freezes in winter draw up well around the plant the surrounding soil, at least one-third or half its height. If the variety is rather tender, cover the plant entirely. Remove in the spring as soon as the frost is gone from the soil.

Budded Roses vs. Roses on Their Own Roots. For the average amateur planter we cannot too strongly recommend the planting of “own-root” roses. Very few will notice the wild Rose growth which comes as “suckers” from the budded Roses, consequently it is apt to kill the remainder of the plant in time. Furthermore, we have found that as a general rule the “own-root” Roses are hardier. Of course, there are some varieties that do not do well on their own root and have to be budded. All Roses of our own growing, however, are “own-root” stock, but when we occasionally buy elsewhere we sometimes get budded Roses.

Abbreviations Used To Designate the Various Classes of Roses

H.P., Hybrid Perpetual. Hardy, vigorous and easily grown. Though called perpetual they are not such free bloomers as the Hybrid Teas and Teas, but bloom only at intervals during the summer and fall. Recommended for planting in any section east of the Cascades and in the higher elevations wherever Roses can grow.

H.T., Hybrid Tea. A cross between the hardy Hybrid Perpetuals and the deliciously scented Tea Roses. Not so hardy as the Hybrid Perpetuals, but freer bloomers and more fragrant. This is the so-called “monthly blooming” class. Not recommended for planting where winter temperature gets below 15 degrees below zero, unless one is prepared to give extra winter protection.

T., Tea. These are the favorites where they can be successfully grown on account of their everblooming qualities, fragrance, delicate colors, and fine forms. Good for growing indoors in winter. Not hardy and recommended only for the milder sections west of the Cascades.

Poly., Polyantha. Delightful for massing in beds, or as edges for borders or beds of taller growing Roses. Their small, neat flowers are produced in large clusters, entirely covering the plant, through the summer and fall. They are useful for indoor as well as outdoor growing. Will grow wherever the Hybrid Perpetuals will grow.

Wich., Wichuraiana Roses and Their Hybrids. An almost ever- green type that creeps along the ground and covered, when in bloom, with immense bunches of single Roses. Some of them, such as Dorothy Perkins, are double, are good climbers and very beautiful. Exceedingly

47

Fruit and Ornamental Trees for the Northwest

ROSES, continued

Per., Pernetiana. A new race originated by Pernet-Ducher, famous rosarians of France, and which is becoming very popular, being abso- lutely hardy and free blooming.

Gold Medal. Those marked “Gold Medal” have taken the Gold Medal at the National Rose Show, London, not in competition with other Roses, but because they have reached a certain standard of merit. This Gold Medal is only awarded for unusual excellence and is in itself a sufficient guarantee of merit. You will notice our list comprises a great many of these.

Index to Roses

This index will give you quick and ready reference to color, and page for more complete description.

NAME CLASS COLOR PAGE

American Beauty H.P Red 49

Baby Rambler, Crimson Poly Red 53

Betty H.T Imperial pink 50

Blue Rose H.W Blue 54

British Queen H.T White 50

Cecile Brunner Poly Salmon-rose 53

Columbia H.T Glowing pink 50

Climbing American Beauty Cl. H.P. ... Red 54

Climbing Kaiserin Augusta Victoria . Cl.H.T. . . . White 54

Climbing Mme. Caroline Testout . . Cl.H.T. . . . Pink 54

Climbing Meteor Cl.H.T. . , . Red 54

Crimson Rambler Mult Red 54

Dorothy Perkins H.W Shell-pink 54

Duchess of Sutherland H.P Pink 49

Edward Mawley H.T Red 50

Empress of China (Climbing) . . . Cl. Ben. . . . Light pink 54

Etoile de France H.T Red 50

Excelsa (Red Dorothy Perkins) . . . H.W Red 54

Flower of Fairfield Mult Red 54

Frau Karl Druschki H.P White 49

Gen. Jacqueminot H.P Red 49

Gen. MacArthur H.T Red 50

George Arends H.P Pink 49

George Dickson H.T Red 50

Gloire Lyonnaise H.P Lemon-yellow 49

Gruss an Teplitz H.T Red 50

Harry Kirk H.T Coppery yellow .... 51

Hermosa H.T Pink 51

His Majesty H.P Crimson 49

Hoosier Beauty H.T Red 51

Hugh Dickson H.P Red 49

J. B. Clark H.T Deep scarlet 51

Jonkheer J. L. Mock H.T Pink 51

Kaiserin Augusta Victoria H.T White 51

Killarney H.T Pink 51

Lady Hillingdon H.T Yellow 51

La France H.T Pink 51

Lillian Moore H.T Indian yellow 51

Los Angeles H.T Flame-pink, shaded gold . 52

Lyon H.T Crab-red 52

Magna Charta H.P Pink 50

Maman Cochet T Silvery pink 53

Marechal Niel (Climbing) Cl.T Yellow 54

Margaret Dickson H.P White 50

Marshall P. Wilder H.P Cherry-carmine .... 50

Mme. Alfred Carriere H.Nois. . . . White 54

Mme. Caroline Testout H.T Pink 52

Mrs. Aaron Ward H.T Yellow 52

Mrs. John Laing H.P Pink 50

Ophelia H.T - . Salmon-flesh 52

Orleans Poly Geranium-red 53

Papa Gontier T Red 53

Paul Neyron H.P Shining pink 50

Pink Moss M. ..... . Pink 54

Prince Camille de Rohan H.P Blackish red 50

Red Moss M Red 54

Richmond H.T Red 52

Safrano T Yellow 53

Soleil d’Or H.P Yellow 50

Sunburst H.T Yellow 52

Sunset T Yellow 53

Tausendschon (Climbing) Mult Pink 54

Ulrich Brunner H.P Red 50

White Killarney H.T White 52

White La France H.T White 52

White Moss M White 54

White Dorothy Perkins (Climbing) . H.W White 54

White Rambler Mult White 54

Yellow Rambler (Climbing) Mult Yellow 54

48

Fruit and Ornamental Trees for the Northwest

Los Angeles Rose (see page 52)

Hybrid Perpetual Roses

American Beauty. Vigorous grower; large globular blooms of deep pinkish red, shaded carmine; fragrant; fine. Free bloomer.

Duchess of Sutherland. (Gold Medal.) Erect and vigorous grower, with large, full, finely formed flowers on stout canes. Color, warm, rosy pink, with lemon-yellow shadings upon the white at base of petals. Very fragrant. A very promising sort.

Frau Karl Druschki (White American Beauty). Vigorous. This grand white Rose has become renowned as the very highest type of its class and the best snow-white Rose ever introduced. An extraordinary strong grower with the vigor and hardiness of the oak. Its magnificent flowers are nothing less than glorious. Beautiful, long, pointed buds, a pure white — the standard by which all other white Roses are judged.

George Arends (Pink American Beauty). This splendid new Rose bears some resemblance in growth and bloom to that famous hardy white Rose, Frau Karl Druschki. The flowers are of large and massive pro- portions, surmounting stout, almost thornless canes in a most im- posing manner. The color is a delightful fresh and bright shade of pink with silvery suffusions. One of the most valuable varieties that have appeared for many years.

General Jacqueminot. Vigorous; brilliant velvety crimson; large, showy, and fragrant. Probably one of the most popular of the Hybrid Perpetuals. An old favorite.

Gloire Lyonnaise. Vigorous. Rich, creamy white, passing, when open, to a pale shade of salmon-yellow, deepest at the center. Absolutely hardy everywhere, should be planted freely. Blooms of immense size, full and double. Deliciously scented.

His Majesty. (Gold Medal.) Very vigorous. Sometimes called the Crimson Frau Karl Druschki. Produces blooms of immense size on fine, long canes as straight as arrows. Color, dark crimson shaded deep vermilion toward the edges. Of wonderful substance and depth of petal with high pointed center. One of the sweetest perfumed Roses in cultivation.

Hugh Dickson. Vigorous. Brilliant crimson, shaded scarlet; fine form; good size. Highly perfumed. Awarded the Nickerson Prize as the best red Rose in existence for general garden cultivation.

49

Fruit and Ornamental Trees for the Northwest

HYBRID PERPETUAL ROSES, continued

Margaret Dickson. (Gold Medal.) Of magnificent form; white, with pale flesh center; petals very large, shell-shaped and of great sub- stance; fragrant. Foliage very large, dark green.

Marshall P. Wilder. Color bright cherry-carmine; fragrant; of good growth, with fine foliage. One of the freest of the Hybrid Perpetuals to bloom. We can recommend this Rose without hesitation.

Mrs. John Laing. (Gold Medal.) Vigorous. Hardly ever out of bloom all surnmer. Long buds; color a beautiful shade of delicate pink; of large size; very fragrant. A mighty fine Rose.

Magna Charta. Very vigorous. A general favorite on account of its strong, upright growth and bright, healthy foliage. Bright rose-pink; very large; of fine shape.

Paul Neyron. Very vigorous. The flowers are immense, probably the largest and finest Rose grown. Bright, shining pink, clear and beau- tiful; very double and full; finely scented. Blooms all summer.

Prince Camille de Rohan. Vigorous. One of the darkest red Roses. Rich, velvety crimson, changing to intense maroon. Celebrated the world over for its large, handsome, fragrant flowers, and the freedom with which they are produced. A very prolific bloomer and the flowers are of excellent size and form.

Soleil d’Or. (Austrian Briar.) Hardy. Varying in color from orange- yellow to reddish gold, shaded with nasturtium-red; conical shaped buds opening to large, attractive flowers. Free blooming and alto- gether very fine.

Ulrich Brunner. Extra vigorous. Very rich, cherry-red blooms, large to very large, full, of the best substance and very fragrant. The most perpetual bloomer of its class. Very hardy.

Hybrid Teas

Betty. (Gold Medal.) Imperial pink, a rare color; large; beautifully formed; high center; very free bloomer. Sometimes described as cop- pery rose overlaid with golden yellow. Deliciously scented.

British Queen. H.T. (Gold Medal.) The finely formed flowers are very large, and open freely in all weathers. Color pure white, occa- sionally tinted with flesh. A new Irish Rose of great merit. One of the finest whites.

Columbia. It is a big Rose, the open flower measuring fully 6 inches across. The color is a true pink, deepening as it opens to glowing pink. A peculiarity of the variety is that the shades all become more intense until the full maturity of the open flower is reached and this color is enduring. The flowers are produced in long, stout canes high above the body of the plant. Received the highest award for the year 1919 from the American Rose Society in the Pacific Coast trial- grounds at Portland, Ore. A truly wonderful Rose.

Edward Mawley. (Gold Medal.) Beautiful dark crimson; perfect form; remarkably distinct. One of the finest and most beautiful red Roses ever introduced. Very free bloomer. Very hardy.

Etoile de France. Flowers are very large, borne on long, stiff stems. Color a beautiful shade of clear, velvety red-crimson; very fragrant. Color lasting. Free bloomer. Deliciously fragrant and one of the best red Roses.

Gen. MacArthur. Vigorous. Dark, velvety scarlet; large and full Free bloomer and very fragrant. A great favorite on the Pacific Coast.

George Dickson. (Gold Medal.) The color is a velvety black-crim- son, the back of the petals being heavily and uniquely veined with deep pure crimson-maroon. The petals are of splendid shape, of magnificent substance, delightfully smooth, and built to make the form of flower perfect. Wonderfully lasting. Free bloomer; extra good.

Gruss an Teplitz. This is a Bengal or China Rose, but is usually classed as a Hybrid Tea. Extra vigorous. Fiery scarlet-crimson, shading to rich velvety crimson. Very fragrant and a good decora- tive Rose. Profuse bloomer.

50

Fruit and Ornamental Trees for the Northwest

HYBRID TEA ROSES, continued

Harry Kirk. (Gold Medal.) Color deep sulphur-yellow, passing to lighter shade at the edges. Unique; perfect form; large; free bloomer.

Hermosa. (Bengal.) Vigorous. Very hardy. Always in bloom and always beautiful. Color pink. The flower is cupped, finely formed, and full. A great favorite.

Hoosier Beauty. The Rose par excellence for cut-flower purposes. Beautiful, long, pointed buds on very long stems, making it ideal for this purpose. Color a brilliant, dazzling red, shaded darker maroon. Without doubt one of the very best red Roses.

J. B. Clark. Color is unique among Roses, being deep scarlet shaded blackish crimson with rich bloom like a plum.

Jonkheer J. L. Mock. (Gold Medal.) New. Strongest grower of the Hybrid Teas. A mixture of rich bright pink, faced with carmine and salmon. Flowers very full and sweetly scented. Free bloomer and unusually good.

Kaiserin Augusta Victoria. Beautiful, large, pointed, elegant buds, followed by very large, full, double flowers; delicate creamy white; deliciously scented. Vigorous, healthy grower and constant bloomer. One of the best whites in this class.

Killarney. The finest pink forcing Rose ever introduced. The famous Irish Rose. Bush strong and upright, with beautiful, deep, bronzy green foliage. Buds long and pointed. Free bloomer and very fra- grant. Color deep shell-pink, lightened with silvery pink. The base of the petals is a soft silvery white relieved with enough yellow to make it more attractive.

Lady Hillingdon. (Gold Medal.) New. Vigorous. Deep golden yel- low; beautifully long-pointed buds; very free flowering and a splendid grower. A most beautiful and valuable Rose. Should be in every collection.

La France. Too well known to need description. Delicate, silvery rose- pink; very large and full; an almost constant bloomer; equal in delicacy to a Tea Rose. Very fragrant and fine.

Lillian Moore. No Rose ever has been offered to the public with the same credentials, it having won in strenuous open competition with Roses from all countries of the world the much-coveted $i,ooo Trophy offered by the Panama-Pacific Exposition, San Francisco, for the best new seedling Rose not in commerce. Color a deep, pure Indian yel- low, with slightly deeper center; buds long. Free bloomer. A gem.

Kaiserin Augusta Victoria Roses

51

Fruit and Ornamental Trees for the Northwest

HYBRID TEA ROSES continued

Los Angeles. Strictly speaking this belongs to the Hybrid Briar class of Roses, but is classed with the Hybrid Teas. The buds are long and pointed, expanding into a flower of splendid size and form. The bloom is a luminous flame-pink, toned with coral and shaded golden yellow at the base of petals. Its intensely rich coloring, to- gether with the heavy texture of the petals, keeps each flower hand- some for a remarkably long time. It has a delicious Tea fragrance. It is a fine, strong grower, throwing up stout canes of splendid length and strong lateral growth which enables it to bloom so profusely. Unequaled as a garden exhibition Rose.

Lyon. Vigorous. Center coral-red with salmon and chrome-yellow shading, forming an indescribably harmonious and beautiful com- bination of colors. Very large flowers produced on stiff stems. A prize-winner wherever exhibited.

Mme. Caroline Testout. Vigorous. Clear, satiny pink; very large, full, and free blooming. A great favorite and most valuable. A sen- sation in the cut-flower market. Thrives exceptionally well in the humid atmosphere west of the Cascades.

Mrs. Aaron Ward. A new yellow Rose of great merit. The color is Indian-yellow, copper and gold, at times washed with salmon-rose. Flowers full and of great substance. Beautiful buds for cutting.

Ophelia. Salmon-flesh, shaded with rose; large and of perfect shape; of excellent habit, the flowers standing up well on long, stiff stems and produced in great profusion. Excellent for forcing and a fine decorative variety. Vigorous grower. Certainly a most glorious Rose.

Richmond. Vigorous. Pure blood-red; very fragrant; splendid grower, continuous bloomer and really one of the best red Roses for the garden ever introduced. Beautifully shaped buds, long and pointed on good, stiff stems. Keeps its color well even in hot weather.

Sunburst. A very vigorous grower of erect and slightly spreading habit, with very few thorns. Flowers large, fairly full, and of nice, elongated cupped form. The coloring is a superb cadmium-yellow,

with orange-yel- low center. Very fine.

White Killarney.

A pure white sport from the famous pink Kil- larney. Very slightly tinged with pink. Supe- rior to its parent, and first class in every way. Be sure to try this one.

Richmond Roses

White La France.

This beautiful va- riety, with flow- ers of pure white, shading into a center of light rose, is a great favorite on ac- count of its free- dom of bloom, fragrance, and large flowers. A vigorous grower, producing a great number of buds and flowers. Fine for general garden culture.

52

Fruit and Ornamental Trees for the Northwest

Tea Roses

Tender. Recommended for planting only in warmer sections west of Cascades. However, Tea Roses, are worth all the labor and time that you may devote to their care. The best way to protect them in winter is to dig a trench on one side of the plant, slightly loosen the roots, then tip the entire plant into the trench and cover with soil.

Maman Cochet. Buds long and shapely, borne on long, stiff stems. One of the largest Tea Roses; flower is built up or rounded, and very double. Highly prized for cut-flowers. Silvery pink, shaded with salmon-yellow. Superb.

Papa Gontier. Vigorous. A grand red of fine, crimson shade and silken texture. The bud is of good size and graceful form, on good, long stem, making it very desirable for cut-flowers.

Safrano. Bright apricot-yellow, changing to orange and fawn, some- times tinted with rose; valued highly for its beautiful buds. Fragrant and very free blooming.

Sunset. Flowers large, fine, full, and very double; deliciously per- fumed. A remarkable shade of rich, golden amber, elegantly tinted and shaded with deep ruddy copper.

Polyantha or Baby Rambler Roses

A class of miniature Roses derived from the Climbing Polyantha. They are of dwarf habit and bloom so freely as to cover the entire plant with bloom all through the summer and fall. The plants are splendid for bedding or as edging for borders; absolutely hardy. Completely hide the plant with bloom from early till late.

Baby Rambler. This is the original Baby Rambler, daddy of them all. It is in bloom all the time. Flowers in large clusters of brightest crim- son. Grows to a height of i8 inches and covers the plant with its bloom.

Cecile Brunner. Color salmon-rose. Undoubtedly one of the most beautiful and lovely of these delightful miniature Roses. Very fra- grant and always in bloom. Florists sell them by the thousands as cut-flowers, being very popular for corsage bouquets.

Orleans. (Gold Medal.) Geranium-red, suffused with pink, white center — a charming combination. Hardy and a very strong grower; the flowers are very lasting and keep in fine condition on the plants for an unusually long time. The superb colorings, together with its tremendous blooming qualities, make it very popular.

53

Fruit and Ornamental Trees for the Northwest

Moss Roses

Always great favorites, for what can be more elegant than the bud of the Moss Rose, and^ more delightful than its fragrance? Perfectly hardy. We offer them in Pink, Red, and White.

Climbing Roses

Blue Rose (Veilchenblau). Cl.Wich. The easiest way to describe it is to say that it is a blue Crimson Rambler, bearing immense trusses of semi-double flowers. Color cornflower-blue.

Climbing American Beauty. H.P. Same color, size, and fragrance as American Beauty except it is a climber. Absolutely hardy and very free blooming. One of the very finest red climbers.

Climbing Kaiserin Augusta Victoria. H.T. Also known as Mrs. Robert Peary. The same beautiful long, pointed bud, and fragrant flower of the bush Kaiserin Augusta Victoria, except that this is a climber. Without a doubt the finest white climbing Rose.

Climbing Mme. Caroline Testout. H.T. Same as the well-known bush Testout, but of a climbing habit. Very fine.

Climbing Meteor. H.T. A very fine ever-blooming climber. Rich, velvety crimson. Extremely strong grower. In the extreme north it should be laid on the ground in winter and covered with leaves or straw.

Crimson Rambler. Cl. Poly. Bright crimson flowers, produced in large clusters of pyramidal form. Fine variety for pillars and arches. Also makes an attractive hedge if grown on a fence. A Rose for the masses.

Dorothy Perkins. Cl.Wich. Shell-pink flowers, borne in large clusters like Crimson Rambler. Very double, sweet-scented and very beautiful. Hardy. Foliage of a waxy green.

Excelsa, or Red Dorothy Perkins. Cl.Wich. It Is a good deal to claim for a Rose, but we are within bounds when we describe Excelsa as a brilliant Crimson Rambler flower on glossy, varnished Wich- uraiana foliage. The flowers are very double, produced in large trusses of thirty to forty, and almost every eye on a shoot produces clusters of flowers. The color is intense crimson-maroon, the tips of the petals tinged with scarlet. The finest of all the red ramblers.

Empress of China. Cl. Bengal. Bright pink, small, perfectly formed flowers in large clusters. Free-flowering and very hardy.

Flower of Fairfield. Cl. Poly. The everblooming Crimson Rambler. While not strictly an everblooming Rose, yet it does bloom over a longer season than the Crimson Rambler.

Mme. Alfred Carriere. Hb. Noisette. Pure white, suffused with yellow at base of petals; very free and very fragrant; fine for arches and pillars. West of the Cascades it grows to the roofs of two-story houses, covering the entire side or end of a large-sized house, and making it simply a wilderness of blooms. Quite hardy.

Marechal Niel. Cl.T. This is the old standby yellow Rose in the South and along the sheltered portions of the coast. Immense, deep golden yellow flowers with the deepest, richest tea fragrance of all Roses. Not recommended for planting east of the Cascades without plenty of winter protection.

Tausendschon (Thousand Beauties). Cl. Poly. The flowers upon first opening are the most delicate shade of pink ever seen in a Rose, might be described as a white, delicately flushed pink, changing to rosy carmine. It gets its name from its many flowers and the varia- tion in coloring. Extra good.

White Rambler. Cl. Poly. Small flowers of pure white, produced in large clusters.

White Dorothy Perkins. Cl.Wich. This Rose has no rival as a white climber. Immense clusters of pure white blooms completely covering the bush which is hardy, and in every way similar to the regular pink Dorothy Perkins.

Yellow Rambler. Cl. Poly. Bright yellow blooms, changing to canary- yellow, produced in pyramidal clusters of fifty or more.

54

Fruit and Ornamental Trees for the Northwest

Spraying Calendar

WASHINGTON EXPERIMENT STATION, Pullman, Wash.

A. L. Melander, Entomologist R. Kent Beattie, Botanist

This applies broadly to all parts of the Northwest.

There is no spray that will cure everything. Use the ones that fit your case. For information about insect pests, plant diseases, and spraying, write to the Botanist or Entomologist of the Experiment Station, Pullman, Washington.

FALL

Just after the leaves fall. Especially for western Washington

What to Use	What to Spray for	Notes
Sulphur-lime 3 degrees Beaume.	Apple cankers. Scale insects. Eggs of green aphis and red spider. Pear-leaf blister bite. Woolly aphis. Eggs of tent caterpillar. Moss and lichens. Rabbits and fleld-mice.	This spraying may be preceded by a spraying of bordeaux as soon as crop is picked; for canker only. Write for bulletin on sulphur- lime spraying.
WINTER While buds are swelling. Usual spiaying where there is no canker
What to Use	What to Spray for	Notes
Sulphur-lime 3 degrees Beaum6.	Bud moth; twig borer; peach-leaf curl. Scale insects. Eggs of green aphis and red spider. Pear-leaf blister mite. Woolly aphis. Rabbits and fleld-mice. Mildew.	Too early spraying will miss these. Write for bulletin on sulphur-lime spraying.
SPRING (1) When flower buds are ready to open. (2) While last blossoms are falling.
What to Use	What to Spray for	Notes

Sulphur-lime.

Lead arse- nate, I lb. to so gals.

Apple scab.

New York apple can- ker.

Prune brown-rot or fruit-mold.

Codling moth.

Sulphur-lime 1.5 degrees Beaume.

Apple scab.

New York apple cank- er.

Bud moth; twig borer. Caterpillars.

Spray when central flower of cluster is about to open.

Use a bordeaux nozzle with a crook and spray with force from a raised platform, directly into every flow- er. Repeat immediately. If so applied, these sprayings are suf- ficient. Keep a few trees banded. If many worms are trapped, spray Write for Codling Moth Bulletin.

Not advisable to mix with arsenate of lead. Omit if there is little scab.

55

Fruit and Ornamental Trees for the Northwest

SPRAYING CALENDAR FOR SPRING, continued

When pest appears

What to Use	What to Spray for	Notes
Tobacco (or	Aphis (cherry aphis).	About June 15 for newly hatched
kerosene	etc., woolly aphis on	young. Spray early before they
emulsion).	branches, red spider. Oyster-shell bark louse. Leaf-hopper.	acquire wings.
Lead arse-	Pear and cherry slug.	Use I lb. to 75 gallons or dust with
nate.	Caterpillars.	lime, ashes, or road dust.
	Colorado potato beetle.	Use I lb. to 40 gallons.
Sulphur-lime	Fruit spot (Baldwin	Early in July. (Treatment in ex-
1.5 de-	spot; punk rot).	perimental stage.)
grees	Mildew.
Beaume.	Red spider; young of oyster-shell bark louse.
As a strong	Trunk borer; flathead	Keep trunk coated all summer, best
wash.	borer.	to add excess lime.
Bordeaux.	Flea beetles.	As a repellant.
	Cutworms.	July 1-15; repeat in two weeks. If
	Grasshoppers.	much blight nearby, give third
	Potato blight.	application two or three weeks later.

Pests Controlled by Other Remedies than Spraying

Pear Blight (fire-blight of pear and apple) —

Prune out every sign of blight, cutting well below the disease. Swab every cut with corrosive sublimate (i to i,ooo water). Clean the tool often with carbolic acid or you will spread the blight with each cut.

Western Tomato Blight —

Set out strong plants close together, or plant th e seed thickly in the rows Give best of care, shade, and plenty of water. You will probably lessen the blight.

Potato Scab —

Soak seed for two hours in formalin, i lb. to 30 gals, water, then cut and plant. Do not plant in soil where scabby potatoes were grown.

Smut of Wheat and Oats —

Spray the seed thoroughly with formalin, i lb. to 45 gallons water. Cover and let lie in a pile two hours. Dry and plant with a clean seeder.

Root Maggot of Radish, Turnip, Cabbage, Etc. —

Spray soil with carbolated lime before maggots appear. Repeat often. Cultivate well after crop is removed. Place a 3-inch tarred paper collar on young cabbage plants.

Cabbage Worms —

Paris green i part, bran 40 parts. Mix well. Dust the plants before worms eat in.

Climbing Cutworms, Garden Cutworms —

Paris green i part, bran 40 parts. Make a mash by adding water. Season with a little molasses, stale beer, or salt. Scatter by spoonfuls before planting or among plants.

Woolly Aphis on Roots —

Expose the roots as much as practicable and spray with tobacco, kerosene emulsion or sulphur-lime. Root treatment is not completely reliable.

For Nursery Stock —

Use I oz. cyanide to 100 cu. ft. For grafts and scions, use two-thirds oz. cyanide to 100 cu. ft.

To every ounce of pure potassium cyanide (poison) add i K liquid ounces sulphuric acid diluted with 2 ounces water. The gas generated is extremely poisonous. Fumigate 30 to 45 minutes.

The McFarland Publicity Service, Harrisburg, Pa.

INDEX

Page

Acer 29, 30

/Esculus 29

Almonds 27, 35

Althaea 35

Ampelopsis 40

Apples 1-9

Apricots 17, 18

Ash, Mountain 30

Asparagus 26

Balm of Gilead 29

Barberry 35.39

Basswood 30

Berberis 35

Betula 29, 32

Bignonia 40

Birch 29, 32

Blackberries 21

Bridal Wreath 38

Butternut 27

Buttonwood 31

Calycanthus 35

Catalpa 29

Cherries 12

Chestnuts 27

Chionanthus 29

Chrysanthemum 44

Clematis 40,41

Cornus 36

Crab, Flowering 29

Crab-Apples 9

Cranberry, High-Bush ... 37

Crataegus 31

Currants 23

Cydonia 37

Dahlias 42

Daisies, Shasta 44

Deutzia 36

Dewberries 22

Diervilla •39

Dogwood 36

Elder, Box . 29

Elm 29, 32

Filberts 27

Forsythia 36

Fringe 29

Fruit Department .... 1-25

Gleditsia 30

Golden Bell 36

Gooseberries 23,24

Grapes 19, 20

Hedera 41

Hedge Plants 39

Hibiscus 35

Honeysuckle 36,41

Horse-Chestnut 29

Horse-Radish 26

Hydrangea ........ 36

Iris 44

Ivy 40, 41

Ligustrum 39

Page

37

Linden 30

Locust 30

Lonicera 36, 41

Maple 29, 30

Morus 30

Mulberry, Russian 30

Nectarines 18

Nut Trees 27

Oak 31

Peaches 15. 16

Pears 9-1 1

Peonies 43, 44

Philadelphus 38

Plane Tree 31

Plantanus 31

Plum, Flowering 31

Plum, Purple-leaved .... 31

Plums 13

Poplar 31

Populus 29, 31

Privet 39

Prunes 13, 14

Prunus 31.35

Pyrus 29, 30

Quercus 31

Quince, Flowering 37

Quince, Japan 39

Quinces 18

Raspberries 22,23

Rhubarb 26

Rhus 29

Robinia 30

Roses 45-54

Salix 31, 32

Shrubs, Flowering .... 33-39

Small Fruits 19-25

Snowball 37

Spiraea 37. 38

Spraying Calendar 55, 56

Strawberries 24, 25

Sweet-scented Shrub 35

Sycamore 31

Syringa 37, 38

Tamarix 38

Thorn 31

Tilia 30

Trees, Shade and Orna -

mental 28-32

Trumpet Vine 40

Ulmus 29, 32

Viburnum 37

Vines 40, 41

Virginia Creeper 40

Virgin’s Bower 40

Walnuts 27

Weigela 39

Willow 31,32

Wisteria 41

Woodbine 40

RAINIER APPLE

For full description see page 7

YAKIMA VALLEY NURSERY CO.

TOPPENISH - WASHINGTON