Historic, archived document Do not assume content reflects current scientific knowledge, policies, or practices. HOW TO PLANT TREES, SHRUBS, ETC HE failures experienced in the planting of Trees, Shrubs, etc., result from a want of knowledge of conditions necessary to success, or from a care- less disregard of the m. Many Nurserymen are blamed for what might easily have been avoided had the planter consulted the plain wants and re- quirements of the stock and given it at least a fair chance to grow and do well. We are interested in the success of every article we send out; we take the greatest pains to place every item in the hands of our customers in the best possible condition, and in order to fur- nish some precautions which our experience suggests, and urge to a more cautious and considerate culture, we give a few hints on such points as are most essential. How to Take Care of Trees on Arrival If not ready to plant on arrival, unpack the trees, but do not leave the roots exposed to freezing temperature. Dig a trench in some high and dry ground and heel in, covering the roots with earth and follow directly with plenty of water around the tree. You can leave them in the trenches until you are ready to set out. If frozen on arrival, leave in the boxes and place in cel- lar or in a cool, dark room that is free from How to Prepare the Soil The soil should be dry for fruit trees, either natural or by drainage. They will not thrive on damp ground. The land One-year Trees in the Nursery frost, and let them remain until the frost has disappeared. If no cellar, cover with sawdust or bury in sandy soil until frost has gone. Do not expose frozen trees to heat, light or air. Trees frozen solid will not be injured if handled in this way. If too dry from exposure or transit, bury in earth or place in water from 10' to 20 hours. 1 FEDERAL NURSERIES, INC., ROCHESTER, N. Y. I should be plowed two or three times and worked well with spring tooth drag or pul- verizer previously to the planting. New land needs no manure, but if you wish to set an orchard on land having green crops, it is a good plan to fertilize either with plenty of barnyard manure or turn under a growth of clover. Give the land as good a preparation as for wheat, com or potatoes and your trees will show rapid growth, and will fruit earlier. Standard Trees. They vary from five to seven feet in height, with naked stems or trunks, and a number of branches at the top fofrming a head. These branches should all be cut back to within three or four buds of their base. This lessens the demand upon the roots, and enables the remaining buds to push with vigor. Cut off smoothly all bruised or broken roots up to the sound wood. Top left without Pruning and Roots crowded together. SURE TO DIE Properly Planted FIG. 2 Top properly Pruned and cut back, and Roots trimmed and carefully spread out. SURE TO LIVE Leave about four side or scaffold branches and cut these back to six or eight inches. The middle shoot should be cut back to ten or twelve inches and left as a leader. Notice. — The above show the right and wrong way to plant trees. Plant and trim according to Fig. 2 and you will have no trouble in making your trees grow. SPECIAL PRUNING DIRECTIONS Pruning, after the first year, should be varied according to the purpose of the planter, and the variety of the trees. They should be trimmed as early as possible up to the height it is intended the future head should be, that the cutting off of large limbs may not in the future be necessary. After the removal of the lower branches till the head has reached the desired height, the only pruning needed is to remove such branches as are crossing or interfering with each other, and to keep the head in sym- metrical shape and open to sun and air. Trees should receive proper shape by pru- ning early in the spring of each year, while they are young, and very little pruning will be needed afterwards. Dig holes large enough to admit the roots of the tree to spread out in their natural position; then, having the tree pruned as before directed, let one person hold it in an upright position, and the other shovel in the earth, carefully putting the finest and the best from the surface in among the roots, bringing every root in contact with the soil. When the earth is nearly filled in, a pail of water may be. thrown around the roots; then fill in the remainder and tread gently with the foot. The use of water is seldom necessary, except in dry weather early in fall or late in spring. Guard against planting too deep; the trees, after the ground settles, should stand in this respect as they did in the nursery. Trees on dwarf stock should stand so that all the stock be under the ground, and no more. In very dry, gravelly ground, the holes should be dug twice the usual size and depth, and filled in with good loamy soil. Keep grass and weeds away from trees. Dwarf Trees, if two or three years growth, with a number of side branches, will require pruning. The branches must be cut into the form of a pyramid by shortening the lower ones, say one-half, those above them shorter, and the upper ones around the leading shoots to within two or three buds of their base. The leader itself must be shortened back one-half or more. When trees have been dried or injured much by exposure, the pruning must be closer than if in good order. Staking. If trees are tall or in exposed situations, they should be supported by stakes to prevent injury from wind. Stak- ing is done in the best manner by driving two strong stakes firmly in the ground, one on each side of the tree, about a foot from it, and fastening the tree between them with bands of straw or other soft material. Mulching. This is properly done by placing a layer of coarse manure or litter, from three to six inches deep, about the tree, extending one or two feet further in i I I I I I i i 2 FEDERAL NURSERIES, INC., ROCHESTER, N. Y. each direction than the roots. This keeps the ground moist and of an even tempera- ture; renders watering- unnecessary, and is in all respects preferable. Trees properly mulched are more certain to live and also make 2better growth than those not so treated. Cultivation after Planting. Many culti- vators after going to great trouble and ex- pense in selecting and planting trees, fail by neglecting that after-care and attention that is equally essential. Caterpillars and Canker Worms, Grubs and Borers, Slugs and Aphis, Disease and Blight must be watched for, and remedies faithfully ap- plied. The wants of the trees must be fore- seen and a faithful effort made to ensure health and productiveness. For such care the cultivator will be well repaid with thrifty, shapely trees and abundant crops of superior fruit. His neighbor, with per- haps better soil and advantages at the outset, and equal care and experience in planting, having neglected these apparently trivial, but really important matters, sees instead of thrifty trees loaded with luscious fruit, a few mossy, scraggy specimens. Those who are obliged to plant trees in fields of grain and grass, should see that all such are carefully mulched with coarse manure and that the ground is kept loose and moist about the tree. A hoed crop is preferable in such plantations for the first five years. After this time, Standard Ap- ple, Pear and Plum Trees will grow and produce fairly in turf. The Dwarf Trees and Peaches should be well mulched every year with coarse manure, and the ground thoroughly cultivated. Pruning Shrubs — With Slender Branches When pruning the more slender shrubs they may be headed back, as shown at the left, or they may be thinned out and only slightly cut back, as at the right. Grape Vines. Require a dry, mellow, well- drained soil, deeply worked and well en- riched, with a warm, sunny exposure. In planting give the roots plenty of room and settle the soil firmly about them. A strong vine may be allowed to grow the first sea- son without pruning; in November or De- cember following, the growth should be cut back to three or four buds; the next season allow but two buds to grow, which should make canes seven to ten feet long and be cut back to four or five feet, ready for fastening to the trellis. Finer grapes and larger crops will be secured where there is not an excess of vine. For the subsequent pruning of vines, as well as trees, planters would do well to consult some practical works on the subject. Pruning Strawberry Plants and Herbaceous Perennials It is customary when setting these plants to remove all but two or three leaves and these may be partly cut away. It is also well to cut back the roots especially if they are more than five inches in length. It will then be easier to bring the soil in contact with the individual roots. Berries. Should have strong soil and be kept under constant cultivation. Mulching is of special value. Raspberries and Black- berries should have the old canes cut out each year, and new canes pinched off when three feet high. If the position is at all exposed, it is well to raise a mound between the hills late in the fall, bend the canes over 3 FEDERAL NURSERIES, INC., ROCHESTER, N. Y. this mound and peg them down during the winter. Strawberries should be mulched late in the fall; uncover the crowns early in the spring, remove the mulch after fruiting and spade in light dressing of manure. If set for fruit, keep the runners cut off. Currants and Gooseberries should be mulched every spring and well pruned, so that new wood may have a chance to grow. The ground about them should be kept in good condition by manure and cultivation. The worms may be destroyed with certainty by applying White Hellebore powder shaken from a coarse bag as soon as they appear, and repeating the operation once or twice. The Pruning of Shrubs and Fruit Plants Plants which have stout stems, such as hydrangeas, roses, etc., should be cut back to two or three buds, as. shown above. Budded roses should be planted deep in the ground so that the bud is slightly cov- ered with earth, and then during the grow- ing season should be carefully watched and every shoot or sucker that grows from the wild root below the bud, should be cut off as soon as it makes its appearance. If this is done the budded shoot or stock receives the full strength of the plant and grows rapidly and blooms freely. If it is not done and the wild shoots or suckers are allowed to grow, they take all the strength of the roots and in a short time the budded shoot dies and nothing is left but the wild shoots from the roots which, of course, bear nothing but ordinary wild roses. Fruit Growing is a much better line of farm work than raising grain. There is no question about the result. The demand for apples, peaches, pears and cherries is greater to-day than ever, and it will con- tinue as long as the earth bears. Fruit is one of the best foods, besides it comes to us pure and healthful and will always de- mand a good price. Every person owning land from a back yard to a 300-acre farm should plant fruit. Plant at the earliest possible time. Age of Trees and Plants We Sell Standard Apple, 2 and 3 years. Crab Apples, 2 and 3 yrs. Dwarf Pears, 2 and 3 yrs. Plums, 2 and 3 yrs. Gooseberries and Cur- rants, 1 and 2 yrs. Raspberries and Black- berries, 2 yrs. Shrubs, 1, 2 and 3 yrs., according to kind. Dwarf Apples, 2 and 3 years. Standard Pears, 2 to 3 years. Cherries, 2 and 3 yrs. Peach, 1 year. Quince, 2 years. Grapes, 2 years. Roses, 1 and 2 years. Asparagus, 1 and 2 yrs. according to kind. I 1 I Number of Trees or Plants to Acre 2 feet each way 10,890 15 feet each way 194 3 feet each way 4,840 18 feet each way 135 4 feet each way 2,723 20 feet each way — 110 5 feet each way 1,742 25 feet each way 70 6 feet each way — 1,210 30 fet each way 48 8 feet each way 681 33 feet each way 40 10 feet each way 430 40 feet each way — 28 12 feet each way — 302 Roses. Nothing repays good care better than Roses. They should have a deep, rich, well-drained soil, thorough cultivation and plenty of manure. They should be pruned every spring before the buds swell, cutting back all the last year’s growth to three or four buds, excepting Climbing or Pillar Roses, which may first be allowed partly to cover space desired, old decayed branches should never remain. Climbing, Moss and Hybrid Perpetual sorts require no protec- tion, but the so-called “tender” varieties should be covered with leaves, straw or branches of evergreens, late in the fall. If the “thrip” or fly appears it may be disposed of by applying decoctions of tobacco steeped in water. Every autumn, compost should be placed around the stems of the plants and spaded into the ground the following spring. To estimate the number of plants required for an acre, at any given distance, multiply the distance between the rows by the dis- j tance between the plants, which will give j the number of square feet allotted to each ! plant, and divide the number of square feet in an acre (43,560) by this number, the j quotient will be the number of plants re- 1 quired. Distance for Planting Apples, Stand 30-40 ft. Apples, Dwarf 8-10. ft. Pears, Standard_18-20 ft. Pears, Dwarf 10 ft. Peaches 16-18 ft. Nectarines and Apricots 16-18 ft. Cherries, Sweet 18-20 ft. Cherries, Sour 15-18 ft. Plums 16-20 ft. Quinces 10-12 ft. Grapes 8x10 ft. , Currants 3x 5 ft. , Gooseberries 3x 5 ft. , Raspberries, Red_3x 6 ft. Raspberries, Blk._3x 6 ft. ' Blackberries 5x 7 ft. Strawber’s rows_lx 4 ft. j Strawberries, in beds iy2xiy2 ft. Aspar., in beds lxl *4 ft. Asparagus in field_lx3 ft. 4 FEDERAL NURSERIES, INC., ROCHESTER, N. Y. Age at which Different Trees Fruit This varies greatly with different vari- eties, for instance, the “Duchess” standard apple often fruits the second year after transplanting, and bears very regularly, while the “Northern Spy” seldom fruits in less than seven years after transplanting, though one of the best apples and a prolific bearer when of fruiting age. The average time it takes for standard apples to fruit is four of* five years. Dwarf Apples, 2 yrs. St. Pears, 3 to 4 yrs. Cherries, 3 to 4 yrs. Gooseberries, 2 yrs. Grapes, 2 yrs. Quinces, 3 to 4 yrs; Blackberries, 3 yrs. Crab Apples, 2 yrs. Dwarf Pears, 2 yrs. Plums, 3 to 4 yrs. Currants, 2 yrs. Raspberries, 2 yrs. Roses generally bloom the first year. Formulas for Spraying Arseni te of Lead Arsenite of Lead, 4 to 6 lbs. Water, 100 gal. Amoniacal Copper Carbonate The copper carbonate is best dissolved in large bottles, where it will keep indefinitely, as it should be diluted with water as re- quired. For the same purpose as Bordeaux. Copper Sulphate Solution Copper sulphate, 1 pound. Water, 25 gallons. This should be used only before the foli- age appears. It is easily applied, and acts as a germicide and disinfectant. In simple solution copper sulphate is very injurious to foliage. When lime is added, as in making Bordeaux mixture, its corrosive action is neutralized and injury to the foliage pre- vented. In this way a larger quantity of bluestone may be used, and it adheres to the foliage better by the agency of lime. Bordeaux Mixture Copper Sulphate 4 pounds Quicklime 4 pounds Water 50 gallons To destroy leaf-eating insects, add four ounces of Paris Green. For Peach, use three pounds each of copper sulphate and lime, and three ounces of Paris Green, on account of the tenderness of the foliage. Ferrocyanide Test — Dissolve one ounce of yellow prussiate of potash in a pint of water and label “POISON.” Drop it into the mix- ture and if it turns brown more milk of lime should be added. Add milk of lime until the solution will not turn brown. Tobacco Boil tobacco stems, and use at the rate of two gallons of water to each pound of stems, for sucking insects. Hellebore Fresh White Hellebore, 1 oz. Water, 3 gal. 5 Kerosene Emulson Hard Soap % pound Boiling Water 1 gallon Kerosene 2 gallons Dissolve the soap in hot water and while hot add the oil. Pump the liquid back into itself 5 or 10 minutes until it becomes a creamy mass. For a 10 per cent emulsion add' 17 gallons of water to 3 gallons of the above emulsion. For a 15 per cent emulsion add 10% gal- lons of water to 3 gallons of the above emulsion. Lime Sulphur Salt Solution Stone Lime \ 15 pounds Flower of Sulphur 15 pounds Common Salt , 15 pounds Put lime in kettle, add three or four buckets hot water. While lime is boiling, add sulphur and stir brickly. If contents of kettle is likely to boil over, add another bucket of hot water. When the lime and sulphur have boiled for ten minutes, add salt, and cook until the solution becomes dark amber in color. An hour is sufficiently long to cook the mixture, but if it is not of the right color at this time, cooking should be continued. When the mixture has been properly cooked, there ought not to be more than a pint or so of residue left in the kettle. At the beginning of the cooking, stir continually, but after a few minutes, occasionally stirring will suffice. When the cooking is completed, the solution should be strained through fine sieve, made for the purpose, or through a gunny sack into the pumping barrel or tank and made up to 50 gollans of hot water. The mixture should be applied while hot and preferably as soon after making as possible, always bearing in mind to keep it well agitated while the pump is in operation. Pumps and accessories used should be well washed and cleaned after each time of using. Concentrated lime-sulphur solutions may be purchased from the manufacturers, of which there are now a larger number making a good product ,and can be used according to directions furnished with each pcakage. To Salesmen If this descriptive catalogue is carefully studied, it will yield a large amount of valu- able information. In selling stock you may give purchasers dozen rates for half-dozen lots, and hundred rates for lots of fifty and upward. Study up whatever you have decided to push as your specialty. Don’t try to learn all about everything, simply study on what you decide you can sell in the territory you intend to work. You will find in your price list, prices on nearly everything unless it is something new that has been introduced since price list was issued. In this case, write for prices. FEDERAL NURSERIES, INC., ROCHESTER, N. Y. SPRAYING CALENDAR EXPLANATION. — While the number of applications recommended will be found desirable in seasons when the fungi are particularly troublesome, a smaller number may often suffice. Those printed in bold face are of most value, and can generally be made with profit. An Asterisk (*) cautions against spraying with poisons while the plants are in blossom; a dagger (f ) indicates that there is danger in making applications within 3 weeks of the time the fruit is to be used as food. Plants and Disease 1st Application APPLES, Scab codling moth, bud moth, caterpillar, canker worm. After the blossoms have formed, but be- fore they open, Bor- deaux. CHERRY, Rot, aphis, curculio, slug, knot. As flower-buds ap- pear, but before they open, Bordeaus ; for aphis, use Kerosene Emulsion. CURRANT, Mildew, worms. As soon as worms are found on lower and inner leaves, leaves, Paris Green. GOOSEBERRY, Mildew, worms. GRAPE, Fungous flea beetle. PEACH, APRICOT, Rot, curculio leaf, curl, mildew. PEAR, Leaf-blight, scab psylla, codling moth. PLUM, Fungous diseases, rot, curculio, knot. QUINCE, Leaf and fruit spots. As leaves open, Bordeaux and Paris Green. When first leaves are half grown, Bor- deaux and Paris Green. Before blossoms open, Bordeaux. Just before blos- soms open, Bordeaux* Within a week after blossoms have fallen, repeat.* When blossom buds appear, but before they open, Bordeaux. RASPBERRY, BLACKBERRY, Anthracnose, rust. ROSE, Aphis worm. Cut out canes diseased with anth- racnose, and burn. Before buds open, spray with Copper Sulphate solution. Kerosene Emulsion for aphis. 2d Application 3d Application 4th Application Within a week after blossoms fall, Bordeaux and Paris Green.* 10 to 13 days later, Bordeaux and Paris Green. 10 to 14 days later, Bordeaux. When fruit has set, Bordeaux and Paris Green.* 10 to 14 days later, if signs of rot appear, repeat. 10 to 14 days later, Ammonical Carbonate Copper. If they reappear, repeat, adding Bor- deaux for mildew.t If worms still trouble, Pyrethrum or Hellebore.* After fruit is picked, Bordeaux. In 10 to 12 days, repeat with both. 10 to 14 days later. Sulphide Potash, on English varieties. 10 to 14 days later, repeat. As soon as the fruit has set, repeat.* 10 to 14 days later, repeat. 10 to 14 days later, if disease is present, apply Bordeaux. Within a week after fruit has set, Bordeaux and Paris Green.* 7 to 11 days later, repeat. 7 to 12 days later, repeat. Within a week after blossoms fall, Bordeaux and Paris Green. 8 to 12 days later, repeat. 10 to 16 days later, Bordeaux. 10 to 12 days later, repeat. 10 to 20 days later, Bordeaux. Cut out black kinds on Plum or Cherry and burn. When fruit has set, Bordeaux and Paris Green.* 10 to 14 days later, repeat. 10 to 20 days later, Bordeaux. When new canes appear, Bordeaux and Paris Green.* 10 to 14 days later, repeat, f NOTE. — If orange rust appears, dig and burn infected plants. 10 days later, Bor- deaux and Paris Green. Afterwards keep lice and caterpillars off by turning a fine stream from hose on under side of leaves. Do not spray with arsenites or copper compounds within 3 weeks of the time the sprayed portions are to be eaten. While there would be no danger of fatal effects resulting, it is best not to run any risk. Bordeaux mixture and other lime compounds should not be used upon rough or full-grown fruits even as late as that time. Not only does the lime disfigure the fruit, but the amount of copper is large. If the information you seek cannot be found in this calendar, or if your trees suffer from some disease or pest not mentioned above, we advise writing at once to your Agricultural Experiment Station, giving full details and particulars. The Agricultural Experiment Station of your State is established to help you produce more and better fruit and the Director will be very glad to give you all the information necessary to this end. The address will be found in the list of Agricultural Experiment Stations facing page 1 of this catalogue. FEDERAL NURSERIES, INC., ROCHESTER, N. Y. PLANT AN APPLE FOR ITS BLOSSOMS; PLANT FOR FRUIT; PLANT FOR SHADE The capital letters following the names of varieties and descriptions are a key to the location where that particular fruit thrives best: N means North; FN Far North; C is for Central; S for South. Varieties followed by NCS may be planted North, Central or South. CS indicates varieties adapted to Central or Southern States; CFN Central to Far North; SFN South to Far North and S for South only. This area reaches from the Gulf of Mexico to Hudson Bay and from Atlantic to Pacific. The following varieties of Summer Apples are the best and most prolific. If you know of some other variety you wish, write us about it. SUMMER Caroline Red June Early Harvest Crimson Beauty Early Strawberry Caroline June. — (Red June) — Popular in the south and west; small to medium, deep red, productive, hardy and a free grower. Aug. NCS. Crimson Beauty. — Originated in Maine. Very hardy, strong grower and very produc- tive; extremely early bearer, earliest ripen- ing apple known. Just the variety to plant in the home yard. Two year trees in the nursery rows frequently produce fine fruit. Flesh sub-acid, pleasant to eat out-of-hand. Unexcelled for pies and sauce. NCS. Early Harvest. — Medium size, pale yel- low, mild, fine flavor and popular for both dessert and cooking. Ripens early, very productive. Subject to fungous in some sec- tions unless sprayed with Bordeaux. Trees do not grow very large. Ripens in August. NCS. Golden Sweet. — Large, yellow; very fair, sweet apple. Tree a free grower, good bearer. Aug. and Sept. NCS. Red Astrachan. — The most toothsome of early varieties, very handsome. Trees grow perfect. Apples medium in size, but uni- form. Flesh, white, tender, streaked with red, juicy, having a .rich, acid-tart taste. Excellent for cooking or dessert. The best early market apple. Ripens in August. Brings highest market prices. NCS. Strawberry, (Early Strawberry). — Tree a moderate, erect grower and good bearer. Fruit tender, mild and fine flavored. Sea- son, middle to end of August. NCS. Sweet Bough. — A fine apple for baking or to eat out of hand, but too perishable as a market variety. Baked whole and eaten with cream it is delicious. Large, pale yel- VARIETIES Golden Sweet Sweet Bough Red Astrachan Yellow Transparent Strawberry low, tender and sweet. Will grow in all good apple districts. Season, Aug. Origin, U. S. NCS. Yellow Transparent. — The most valuable early apple ever introduced. Came from Russia and succeeds in the coldest apple sec- tions. Two-year-old trees often bear in the nursery row. Bears heavily yearly and is the earliest of all apples. The fruit is good size, mild and delicious, yellowish white when ripe. Season, early Aug. Origin, St. Petersburg, Russia. Imported by U. S. Dept, of Agriculture in 1870. NCS. FEDERAL NURSERIES, INC., ROCHESTER, N. Y. THE BEST FALL VARIETIES OF APPLES Alexander Fameuse Pound Sweet Smoke House Duchess Gravenstein Rambo Twenty Ounce Fall Pippin Maiden’s Blush Red Beitigheimer Fameuse, Rambo, Gravenstein, Fall Pippin, Red Beitig-heimer, Duchess of Oldenburg, Alexander Alexander. — Tree hardy and productive, bears early. Fruit is round and large, with a rich, yellowish green skin intermingled with russet spots. Flesh white, juicy and snappy; very nice eating apple. Good for cooking and an extra fine shipper. In bear- ing from September 15 to November 15. Tree hardy; grow almost anywhere. NCS. Duchess of Oldenburg. — A Russian apple. Large, roundish, streaked with red and yel- low; flesh whitish, juicy, and sprightly sub- adid; ripening in the Fall; tree a vigorous grower, having fine, large foliage, bearing abundantly and when very young; very hardy, succeeds in nearly all sections of the country, and is as valuable in the extreme north as in the south. Sept. NCS. Fall Pippin. — Very large, yellow, tender, juicy and rich. A general favorite as a fall cooking apple. Pleasant, aromatic flavor when eaten. Tree is vigorous, hardy and productive, but fruit is quite subject to moss spots. Season, October to December American origin (probably seedling). NCS. Fameuse or Snow Apple. — One of the best table apples. Medium size, deep crim- son color. Inside is snowy white and de- licious. First-class for all markets, and will do well North. Tree is vigorous and pro- ductive. Season, October to December. Origin, Quebec. NC. Gravenstein. — The best apple for its sea- son for either home use or market. Brings good price. Fruit is large, greenish yellow, striped with red. Has a rich, spicy flavor. Tree is adapted to all apple sections, and bears regularly heavy crops of finely shaped, handsome fruit. Season, late Sept, to Nov. NCS. Maiden’s Blush. — A standard variety for the commercial orchard. Bears young and is prolific. Hardy tree and the fruit usu- ally brings an extra price. Is good size and handsome. Rich yellow color with bright red cheeks on the sunny side. A tender, juicy apple; first class for cooking or eat- ing. Season, Sept, and Oct. Origin, New Jersey. CS. Pound Sweet (Pumpkin Russet). — A very large, round, yellowish russet apple; very sweet and rich. Tree a vigorous and rapid grower. Oct. and Nov. Rambo. — Medium; yellowish, streaked with dull red and somewhat dotted; mild, tender and good. Fine grower, productive; more especially valuable in the West. Oct. to Dec. Red Beitigheimer. — A rare and valuable German variety. Fruit looks fine and grows very large. Skin whitish yellow, almost covered with pale red. Not first class for eating, but a good cooking variety. Tree is hardy, a strong grower and a heavy cropper. Season, early fall, Sept. Origin, Germany. NCS. Smoke House. — Large, yellow, shaded with bright red; flesh firm, crisp, juicy and fine flavored. Especially esteemed in Cen- tral states. Oct .and Nov. NC. Twenty Ounce. — Very large, nearly round; yellow, striped with red; quality good; vig- orous and good bearer; popular as a mar- ket variety. Nov. and Dec. 8 £4 FEDERAL NURSERIES, INC., ROCHESTER, N. Y. THE BEST WINTER VARIETIES OF APPLES Arkansas Black Bailey Sweet Baldwin Baxter Bellefleur, Yellow Ben Davis Bismark Boiken Delicious Fallawater Gano Newtown Pippin Greening, R. I. Northern Spy Grimes’ Golden North Star Golden Russet N. W. Greening Hubbardston Nonesuch Pewaukee Jonathan Rome Beauty King of Tompkins Co. Roxbury Russet Mammoth Black Twig Spitzenburg Mann Stark McIntosh Red Stay man’s Winesap Sutton Beauty Tolman Sweet Wagener Walbridge Wealthy Winter Banana Wolf River York Imperial Arkansas Black. — Fruit large, round, ob- long, covered all over with very dark red. Much darker than Wine Sap; flesh orange- yellow; a splendid keeper. Dec. to Apr. Bailey Sweet. — Large; deep red, tender, rich, sweet; vigorous, upright, good bearer. Nov. to Apr. Baldwin. — The most popular winter apple for shipping and the heav- iest bearer. Baldwin or- chards should be mixed with other varieties, such as King, Northern Spy, Russets, etc. The fruit is much better. Tree grows rapidly and its fruit is large, round, with red and yellow skin. Flesh yel- lowish and tart. One of the best apples for both American and export trade. A fine keeper in ordinary dry cellar. Comes into heavy bearing in eight years. Will bear some in five years. If your orchards are tilled and the trees sprayed and properly trimmed you will bring fruit much quicker. NC. Baxter. — A fine, large, red apple which brings a big price in all markets. Some- what subject to fungus. Tree is a good grower, hardy, but only moderately produc- tive. Flesh is white with red streaks; slightly sour; not very juicy, but a first- class cooking apple. Season, Oct. to Jan. NC. Ben Davis. — Once very popular, but fall- ing in favor. Can be shipped around the world without hurting it; is a good color, a heavy producer, but quality medium to poor. Makes a fair cooking apple. Fruit runs medium in size. Yellow skin with red stripes. Season, Jan. to May. A seedling brought from North Carolina to Kentucky by Mr. Ben Davis, about 1820. NCS. Bismark. — Tree is short, stocky and heal- thy. Bears very young. Often used as a filler in orchards of later bearing varieties. Originated in New Zealand and has been planted wherever apples are grown. Fruit is large, yellow, with red cheeks; fine for eating and keeps well into the winter. NCS. Bellefleur, Yellow. — A valuable apple be- cause of its good quality all through the winter. Tree is hardy and a strong grower. Does well on light, sandy soils. The fruit is large, yellow with blush on sunny side, crisp and fine flavored in season. Bruises easily, but valuable in home markets. Sea- son, Nov. to Apr. Origin, Burlington, N. J. NCS. Boiken. — A handsome fruit, fine for cook- ing. Bears young and persistently, and keeps till July. Fine reddish-yellow color, and is at its best in April and May, when other varieties are gone. Tree is very hardy and healthy. A good commercial variety with a good sale. Imported from Russia. NCS. Delicious. — Distinctive in shape and mar- velously beautiful in color, remarkable in quality and perfect in tree and blossom. Delicious is large, with the surface almost covered with a most beautiful, brilliant dark red, blending to golden yellow at the blos- som end. The calyx, or blossom end, is one of its ever characteristic features — having five protuberances more or less pointed or FEDERAL NURSERIES, INC., ROCHESTER, N. Y. BEST WINTER VARIETIES— Continued flat-rounded, depending on the section where grown. In quality it is unsurpassed and in- comparable. In flavor it is sweet, slightly touched with acid, but only enough so to make it all the more pleasing, with an aroma delightfully fragrant. The flesh is fine grained, crisp, juicy, melting, and withal, delicious. People with delicate stomachs, to whom an acid apple is wholly indigestible, can enjoy Delicious without disagreeable after-results. Physicians of note have pre- scribed it for cases of this character. In keeping quality it ranks with the best, com- ing out of storage in March and April in perfect condition. In tree, Delicious is tree perfection and one of the strongest, hardiest and most vigorous growers among apples; aphisresistant and a late bloomer, the hardi- est in bud, the best pollenizer; blossoms strongly frost-resistant — a most imoortant and valuable feature. Bears annually. Fallawater — (Tulpehocken) . — V ery large, yellowish-green with dull red cheek. Juicy and a good cooking apple. A strong grower and very productive even while young. Sea- son, Jan. to March. NCS. Gano. — Good size, deep red with tender yellow flesh. A good keeper and shipper. Tree is a strong grower and bears well. Fruit has peculiar cone shape. Season, Feb. to May. NCS. Golden Russet. — Medium size and clear- golden russet color. A good apple in colder sections and brings good prices. Keeps till May in a cold cellar, and is then rich and sweet. Tree grows rather willowy; mod- erate producer. Season, Nov. to April. Origin, Western N. Y. NCS. Greening. — (Rhode Island Greening) — An old standby in all apple sections, more widely planted than any other kind, except the Baldwin. One of the best cooking1 apples and good for table use. Fruit large, green, sometimes with red cheek. Tree is vigorous and a big producer. Origin, R. I. NCS. Grimes Golden. — Comes into bearing early and makes a good filler. Tree is good cropper and hardy grower. Fruit is a rich, golden yellow, with spicy flavor. One of the best table apples. Season, Nov. to Jan. Origin, Virginia. NCS. Hubbardston. — A first class commercial apple for early winter use. Very produc- tive and bears young. Tree is a vigorous grower and the fruit is large and uniform. Color greenish yellow, nearly covered with bright red splashes. Flesh is fine grained and tender, just sour enough to be good. Season, Oct. to Jan. Origin, Hubbardston, Mass. NCS. Jonathan. — Medium in size, but of the very finest quality. Valuable for the home garden, but runs a little small as a market apple unless soil is fertile and well tilled. Tree is not very large and slightly drooping. The fruit is bright red in sun and striped with red. One of the best table apples. Season, Nov. to Feb. Origin, Woodstock, N. Y. NCS. King of Tompkins County. — A standard commercial variety. Hard to beat for either l ! j | . FEDERAL NURSERIES, INC., ROCHESTER, N. Y. BEST WINTER VARIETIES— Continued table use or cooking. Looks well for mar- ket and is just as good as it looks. Fruit bright red, large and uniform. Brings a fancy price over other varieties. Keeps well in cold storage. Flesh is yellow, crisp and juicy; vigorous and a good cropper. Season, Oct. to Feb. Origin, N. J. NC. Mammoth Black Twig. — (Paragon) — One of the most profitable of all apples. Re- ersembles the Wine Sap, but is a better grower. An excellent keeper. Mann. — Fruit medium to large, roundish oblate, nearly regular; skin deep yellow when fully ripe; flesh yellowish, half fine, half tender, juicy, mild, pleasant, sub-acid. The tree grows straight and symmetrical and makes a large tree in the orchard. It is an early and annual bearer. McIntosh Red. — A very fine table apple for early winter use. Attractive in appear- ance, deep red and good size. Flesh is white, crisp, tender, juicy and aromatic. Tree is hardy and comes into bearing young. It requires several pickings, as the fruit ripens unevenly. Season, Nov. to Jan. Origin, John McIntosh, Dundela, Ont. NCS. Newtown Pippin. — Albemarle Pippin) — One of the best keeping varieties that can be grown. Brings highest prices in the English markets. Tree needs rich soil and cultivation to do its best. Grows rather slowly and is not extremely hardy. Fruit is good size, bright yellow with a pink blush, rich flavored, firm and juicy. Season, Nov. to June. Origin, Newtown, L. I. NCS. Northern Spy. — This variety stands third in commercial importance in the Eastern fruit sections. Fruit large, fine color, bright red unless shaded too much, with a delicate bloom. Flesh is juicy, crisp and tender. Many persons prefer it to any other for Delicious Hubbardston Nonesuch table use or cooking. Always brings high- est market prices. Tree very thrifty. Origin, Rochester, N. Y., about 1850. NC. North Star. — (Dudley’s Winter) — Large; very handsome; perfectly hardy, vigorous, quality fine; a seedling of Duchess, which it resembles, but less tart and better quality. Northwestern Greening. — A greenish yel- low apple sometimes faintly marked with red. One of the best winter apples for sec- tions that are too cold for the R. I. Green- ing. Tree thrifty and very hardy. Fruit large and of good flavor. Season, Dec. to April. Origin, Wisconsin, about 1872, by E. W. Daniels. ENS. Pewaukee. — A good commercial apple for cold sections. Can be grown either north or south. Medium size, bright yellow splashed with dull red. A good shipper. Season, Jan. to May. Origin, G. P. Peffer, of Pewaukee, Wis. Crossed Oldenburg and Spy. NCS. Red Canada. — (Old Nonsuch of Mass., Steele’s Red Winter) — Medium, oblate, red, tender, crisp, rich, sub-acid, refreshing and delicious. Tree, thrifty, but a slender grower. Productive. Jan. to May. Russet. — (Roxbury or Boston) — A staple export variety. One of the best shippers and keepers. Medium size, dull green nearly covered with russet. Skin tough, flesh mild and appetizing. Good in all mar- kets and all apple districts. As hardy as the Greening. Season, Jan. to June. Origin, Massachusetts. FNC. Rome Beauty. — Large, yellow, shaded with bright red; flesh yellowish, tender, juicy, sub-acid. Nov. to Feb. 11 FEDERAL NURSERIES, INC., ROCHESTER, N. Y. BEST WINTER VARIETIES— Continued King of Tompkins County Spitzenburg (Esopus). — One of the finest apples for winter use. Widely planted by early settlers because of its fine flavor. Fruit medium size, conical, nearly covered with bright red. Season, Nov. to Feb. Origin, Esopus on Hudson River, 1798. NCS. Stayman’s Wine Sap. — Medium to large, smooth, thick skin, yellowish green often nearly covered with dull red. Taste juicy and pleasant. Season, Dec. to May. NCS Stark. — A profitable winter apple for ex- port. Better than Ben Davis. Good for cooking, poor for eating. Large fruit, dull red color on greenish ground. Keeps till late. Tree is a stout, vigorous grower and very productive. Season, Jan. to May. Origin, Ohio. NCS. Sutton Beauty. — A large, roundish apple, yellow skin striped with crimson. Tender, crisp and juicy; just right for eating out of hand or for cooking. Dec. to Feb. NCS. Tolman Sweet. — Tree will grow anywhere that apples can be grown and bears heavy crops. A good variety on which to top-graft more tender varieties. The apple is medium size, light yellow, firm, fine grained and very sweet. Keeps well through the winter. Season, Nov. to April. Origin, Rhode Isl- and, U. S. A. NCS. Walbridge. — Medium size, striped with red; handsome, and of excellent quality; vigorous grower and productive; very hardy and considered of great value in the North and Northwest. March to June. Wagener. — Fruit grows large, yellow, nearly covered with crimson. Tree bears early but is not long lived. Makes a good filler. Season, Dec. to May. Origin, A. Wagener, Penn Yan, N. Y., in 1796. NCS. Northern Spy Wealthy. — Will succeed anywhere that apples can be grown. Pale yellow with rich red cheek. None better for table use or cooking. Tender and juicy. Tree bears young. Season, Oct. to Jan. Origin, Peter Gideon, St. Paul, Minn. NCS. Winesap. — Medium, dark red, sub-acid, excellent. Tree a moderate grower and abundant bearer. A favorite market vari- ety in the West. Dec. to May. Winter Banana. — Very handsome, golden yellow with tint of red or sunny side. Takes its name from the fact that its rich flavor resembles that of a banana. An apple of fair quality. Season, Jan. to July. NCS. Wealthy FEDERAL NURSERIES, INC., ROCHESTER, N. Y. BEST WINTER VARIETIES— Continued McIntosh Dwarf (Doucin) 3 Years Old Dwarf Apples can be supplied only in Wolf River. — Tree hardy and productive. Fruit large and handsome, rich red in color, flesh white and of exceedingly fine quality, sub-acid. Oct. to Dec. NCS. York Imperial (Johnson’s Fine Winter). — A good shipper and keeper, making it in demand for the export markets. Tree is a vigorous grower and a pretty regular bearer. Does best on heavy soils. Not at its best north of Pennsylvania. Apple is smooth, blushed and striped with red. Flesh is yel- lowish, tender and mildly acid. Ready to eat in January and keeps until April or May. Season, Jan. to April. Origin, York County, Pa. NCS. DWARF APPLES Standard Apple Trees are propagated by budding or grafting onto roots of French Crab, which produces the tall growing trees. Doucin and Paradise stocks render the tree dwarf in type. The Paradise stock produces trees which will not grow more than 8 to 10 feet high. On the Doucin stock they may attain a height of 15 or 20 feet, but can be kept lower. [••tain varieties. Write for special list. CRAB APPLES Within the past few years much attention has been given to improving this class of fruit, because of their adaptability to cold sections, where only a few varieties of apples can be successfully grown. These efforts have been attended with market suc- cess. Crab Apples succeed equally well in all sections, and are valuable for cider, pre- serving, jelly, ornament, and some of the improved sorts are excellent for eating. Sent to the Eastern markets, they command a very high price. General Grant. — Tree an erect, vigorous grower; fruit in dense clusters; quality equal to Duchess of Oldenburg. Oct. to Dec. Hyslop. — Very popular because of its large size, beautiful red color and hardiness. Sharp acid flavor. Good for preserves, jel- lies and cider. Season, Oct. and Nov. NCS. Large Red Siberian. — About an inch in diameter, grown in clusters; yellow, lively scarlet cheek. Tree, erect, vigorous, bears young and abundantly. Sept, and Oct. Large Yellow Siberian. — Nearly as large as above; fine amber or golden yellow color. Martha. — Another good variety for all sections. A rapid grower and a great bearer of handsome fruit. Bright, glossy yellow shaded with bright red. Fine tart flavor, surpassing all others for culinary purposes. Season, Oct. and Nov. NCS. Transcendent. — All things considered, this is one of the most valuable varieties of crab apples grown. Tree remarkably vigorous and immensely productive. Makes a fine market apple. Golden yellow with rich crimson cheek. Good flavor. Season, Sept, and Oct. NCS. Van Wyck. — A large, sweet crab. Skin mottled with bright red. Tree vigorous, exceedingly hardy. Season, Sept. NC. Whitney. — A very hardy and prolific vari- ety. Fruit is handsome and delicious. Ex- cels for making fine jellies and preserves. Season, late Sept, and Oct. NCS. 13 Pear production is not in proportion to the demand. There is a vast undeveloped field for the grower who produces pears for his own enjoyment and disposes of his surplus in the home markets, and only in the last few years have orchardists realized the wonderful profits that come from a commercial pear orchard of good varieties. The pear tree will thrive on any kind of land and will bear profitable crops on a shallow soil, but does best on a loose, strong, clay soil. A dressing of coarse manure when the tree is planted is beneficial, but the pear requires very little fertilizer as compared with other trees. The young orchard after planting should have several years of clean, thorough cultivation, then it will thrive in soil, especially on richer soil, as the tree is naturally a vigorous grower. Dwarf Pears must always be planted sufficiently deep to cover the junction of the Pear and Quince two or three inches — the soil made rich and well tilled, and about one- half the previous summer’s growth cut off each spring. Under this treatment Dwarfs are everywhere successful. The side branches should not be removed higher than one foot from the ground in Dwarfs, while Standards may be trimmed to the height desired. Train in pyramidal form. Bartlett. — No pear of the same season equals the Bartlett in flavor, either for eat- ing or canning. Has first place in all mar- kets and brings top prices. Fruit large and yellow, fine grained, buttery and juicy. Sweet, rich flavor. Tree is fairly hardy, grows very rapidly and bears young and heavily. Carefully cultivated and sprayed trees will produce enormous crops of per- fect fruit. Season, Sept. _ Clapp’s Favorite. — The Clapp is a beau- tiful pear and of good quality, making it a profitable market variety. Must be picked early and shipped while firm, as it soon passes out of prime condition. Tree is an upright and ’ very vigorous grower, and bears heavy crops of large, juicy pears with a very agreeable flavor. This is one of the hardiest pears. Season, Aug. and early Sept. Wilder. — (Summer) — A valuable early market pear. Regular in form, fair size and very handsome. Greenish yellow color with reddish cheek. Flavor sweet and very pleasant. Bartlett BEST SUMMER PEARS Bartlett Clapp’s Favorite Wilder 14 FEDERAL NURSERIES, INC., ROCHESTER, N. Y. BEST AUTUMN PEARS Anjou, Beurre D’Anjou Duchesse D’Angouleme Seckel Vermont Beauty Beurre Clairgeau Flemish Beauty Sheldon Worden Seckel Bose. Beurre Bose Kieffer D’Anjou Anjou, Beurre D’Anjou. — A fine market pear, succeeding best on the quince root. Good size and melting, buttery texture make it a favorite in all markets for the month of November. Tree is strong and produc- tive. Fruit large and yellow at maturity, with a very small core. Hard to beat for table or cooking. Season, Nov. Beurre Clairgeau. — Its large size and beautiful cheek, its excellent shipping and keeping qualities, all combine to make this a profitable variety. Tree is first class in vigor, hardiness and productiveness. Suc- ceeds either as dwarf or standard and bears a long time, always sweet and juicy. Sea- son, Oct. and Nov. Bose, Beaurre Bose. — A large russety pear with long neck; melting, high flavored and delicious. Bears well. Sept, to Oct. Duchesse D’Angouleme. — For years this pear has been counted among the best and most profitable varieties, especially grown on quince stock. Excellent for export, cold storage, and for every use to which a pear can be put. Strong grower, productive, not subject to blight. Fruit large, light green patched with russet, melting, juicy, sweet and good. Oct. and Nov. Origin, Angers, France, 1812, chance seedling. Flemish Beauty. — Where this variety suc- ceeds well it is a most popular pear. In some sections it has of late been subject to Seckel Pears FEDERAL NURSERIES, INC., ROCHESTER, N. Y. Kieffer scab and cracking of the fruit. Large size, light yellow when ripe, with patches of brownish red; rich sugary flavor. Tree is first class in hardiness, productiveness and early bearing. Season, Sept, and Oct. Kieffer — (Standard). — There is perhaps no pear about which a greater diversity of opinion exists. Some fruit men condemn it because of its lack of quality. Others insist that its beauty, productiveness and wonder- ful health make it valuable. Tree beats everything for hardiness and cropping. Fruit always large, uniform, golden yellow with bright cheek, not very fine, juicy; flavor moderately sweet, but poor for eat- ing. A valuable pear for canning. Will grow almost anywhere. Season, Oct. to Jan. Seckel. — The finest pear in cultivation and should never be omitted from the home garden. The richest flavored pear known. Very satisfactory as a dwarf. Tree is a good grower and bears heavy crops annu- ally. Season, Sept, and Oct. Sheldon. — One of the most delicious eat- ing pears. Should be in every home garden. Tree is vigorous, erect, second rate in pro- ductiveness and last to come into bearing. Fruit large, creamy, sweet and aromatic. Thorough fertilizing and cultivation will aid in making this a profitable variety. Sea- son, Oct. and Nov. Vermont Beauty. — A most desirable pear. The fruit is of medium size, very handsome, being yellow with a bright carmine cheek. The flesh is rich, juicy, aromatic, of the best, and almost equal to the Seckel; ripens im- mediately after the Seckel. Worden Seckel. — Originated in Oswego County, N. Y. It is a seedling of the Seckel, and is equally as good in quality as that variety and more juicy, with an aroma equally as rich and inviting, while in size, color, form and appearance it is decidedly superior. The color is yellow, with light red on the sunny side. The tree is very hardy and an enormous bearer, and the fruit is ripe just after the Seckel. All lovers of good pears should have trees of this variety. Note: — Dwarf Pears can be supplied in certain varieties only. All varieties do not succeed on the Quince root. In dwarfs sell only those varieties listed in price list under Dwarf Pears. Big Profits Are Realized from Pear Orchards. Our Trees Produce Best Fruit. Dwarf Pear Tree 16 j I FEDERAL NURSERIES, INC., ROCHESTER, N. Y. There are not many more desirable trees than the Cherry. It can be planted near the street along fence lines, avenues and many places where other fruit would not be prolific. Cherries always find a ready market at a profitable price. The trees thrive in any well drained soil. The Duke and Morello, or acid varieties, are hardy, while the Hearts and Bigarreaus, or sweet sorts, will resist cold weather and can be grown in most places. A two-year-old Cherry tree will bear four quarts of fruit. A ten-year-old tree will produce frfom 100 to 300 pounds. An acre of Cherry trees well taken care of will produce 100 to 150 pounds to the tree or 6 to 9 tons to the acre. Six tons at 7 cents per pound would bring $980.00. Cherries are divided into two classes, sweet and sour; sweets being called Hearts and Bigarreaus, the sours Dukes and Morellos. The sweets attain a larger size than the sours but are not as hardy and are more likely to be injured by bursting of the bark. HEART AND BIGARREAU CHERRIES— Sweet Black Tartarian Lincoln Bing Napoleon Governor Wood HEART AND BIGARREAU CHERRIES [Fruit heart shaped, with tender, sweet flesh. Tree of rapid growth, with large drooping limbs with abundance of foliage.] Black Tartarian. — Large, purplish black, half tender, flesh firm, mild and pleasant. A large producer. Last of June to July. Bing. — This is one of the most delicious Sweet Cherries that you can grow. The tree is very hardy and vigorous and has heavy foliage. It succeeds in the East bet- ter than most sweets. Fruit is large, dark brown or black and of very fine quality. Bing is a good shipper and should be planted with Lambert for commercial purposes. Governor Wood. — Very large, rich; light yellow, with red cheek; juicy and sweet. One of the very best. Last of June. Lincoln. — Fruit is very large, color is a glossy dark crimson, nearly black; tender, sweet and very meaty and solid. Ripens along after the middle of July. Schmidt’s Windsor Yellow Spanish Napoleon. — A magnificent cherry of the largest size; pale yellow, with a bright red cheek; very firm, iuicy and sweet. Bears enormous crops; ripens late; valuable for canning. Schmidt’s Bigarreau. — A most promising cherry; fruit of immense size, of rich, deep black; flesh dark, tender, very juicy, with a fine flavor; bears abundantly and makes a toothsome dish for the table. Windsor. — A seedling originated at Wind- sor, Canada, and a fine variety, too. Fruit large, liver-colored, flesh remarkably firm and of good quality. A very valuable late variety for market and for family use. Middle of July. Yellow Spanish. — Large, pale yellow, with red cheek; firm, juicy and excellent; one of the best light colored cherries; vigorous and productive. Last of June. 17 FEDERAL NURSERIES, INC., ROCHESTER, N. Y. wi — — _ = — =jy4 DUKE AND MORELLO CHERRIES— Sour Dyehouse English Morello Montmorency Olivet Early Richmond May Duke Ostheime These, for the most part, are round-headed ; fruit generally acid, though some vari- eties have a very rich, pleasant flavor. The trees are naturally of a smaller growth than the preceding class and well adapted for dwarfs or Pyramids. The Morellos are more slender and spreading in habit than the Dukes, which are of stocky, upright growth. Both are more hardy than the Hearts and Bigarreaus, and in large demand where the latter cannot be grown to advantage. Dyehouse. — One of the best Sour Cherries for market or home use. It is larger, finer, of better quality and has a smaller pit than Early Richmond. The tree is hardy, is an upright grower and always produc- tive. The great quality of this var- iety is its tendency t ohang on the tree after it is ripe. Early Richmond. — One of the most popular of all the acid Cher- ries. Cannot be surpassed for hard- iness or for cooking purposes. Fruit is of medium size, round and dark red. The flesh is a wonderful bearer. Ripens in June. English Morello. — Medium sized Cherry of a very dark red color, sometimes nearly black. It is very acid in flavor, the flesh is of good quality and it makes a fine canner. Tree is a small grower with light limbs and trunk. Ripens in July. May Duke. — Large, red, juicy and rich; an old excellent variety; vigorous and productive. Middle of June. Montmorency. — This is the best of all the sour varieties of Cherries. There is a greater demand on the market for this Cherry than for any other. The trees are the cleanest and best growers and are less subject to disease, less affected1 by wet weather, and are the best bearers of the best fruit of all other sour varieties. No matter how unfavorable the season may be, Montmorency can be depended upon for a full crop. The Montmorency is a good ship- per, very attractive looking and always brings good prices. The canning factories are always calling for them and want them by the hundreds of tons. The fruit is good size, fine flavored and bright, clear shining red. The flesh is of fine quality and sub- acid. Fruit ripens 10 days after Early Richmond. Ostheime. — This variety is known as the ‘‘Russian Cherry” as it was imported from St. Petersburg, Russia, and has been tested in the severest winters of Minnesota and found to be perfectly hardy. The fruit is large and roundish. Flesh is liver colored, tender, juicy and almost sweet, although a sub-acid Cherry. Quality is fine. Ripens the middle of July. Olivet. — A new Duke of French origin. Unlike most others of this class, it is said to be very early and to ripen over a long period. Fruit very large, globular, and of a deep shining red. FEDERAL NURSERIES, INC., ROCHESTER, N. Y. The Plum does best on a clay soil, dry and well drained. It grows the most thriftily and with cultivation suffers least from “Curculio” or “Black Knot.” There is little trouble in keeping the trees from insects and disease. After the blossoms have fallen spread a sheet on the ground under the tree. Then jar the tree so as to shake down the stung fruit and insects. These should be burned. This should be done every day for a week or more and it is important that it is done early in the morning. The American varieties of Plums have not been prolific in recent years and besides the call for same does not warrant carrying stock, so that we are only supplying the European varieties. BEST EUROPEAN SORTS Beauty of Naples Grand Duke Moore’s Arctic Shipper’s Pride Bradshaw Green Gage Niagara Shropshire Damson Coe’s Golden Drop Fellemberg German Prune Imperial Gage Lombard Monarch Pond’s Seedling Heine Claude Yellow Egg Beauty of Naples. — A new variety of the highest promise; size large, color greenish yellow, flesh firm, juicy and very fine flav- ored; tree very hardy and prolific. Middle of Sept. Bradshaw. — Very large and fine; early; dark violet red; juicy and good. Very pro- ductive; valuable for market. Coe’s Golden Drop. — Large and hand- some, oval; light yellow; flesh firm, rich and sweet; adheres to stone. Last of Sept. Fellemberg — (French or Italian Prune). — Large, oval; purple; juicy and delicious; parts from the stone; fine for drying. Sept. Grand Duke. — As large as the Bradshaw, of same color, and ripening latter part of Sept. Entirely free from rot. Green Gage. — Small; considered the stan- dard of excellence, slow grower. Middle of August. Plums are one of the best fruits for bringing in money to the farmers. Bradshaw 19 FEDERAL NURSERIES, INC., ROCHESTER, N. Y. I i Imperial Gage Imperial Gage. — Large; oval; greenish; juicy, rich and delicious; parts from the stone. Very productive and one of the best. Middle of August. Lombard. — Medium size; oval; violet red; flesh yellow, juicy and pleasant. Tree a great bearer, well adapted to light soils. Very hardy. Sept. Monarch. — Very large, roundish oval; dark purplish blue; freestone; excellent. An abundant bearer. Moore’s Arctic. — Size medium or below; skin purplish black, with a thin blue bloom; flesh greeriish yellow, juicy, sweet and pleas- ant flavor. Charles Downing speaks of it as follows: “A new, hardy plum, which originated in the highlands of Aroostook County, Maine.” Niagara. — A vigorous, productive vari- ety; valuable both for dessert and cooking; fruit large and handsome, remaining well on the tree; flesh juicy, rich and fine flav- ored. Last of August. Pond’s Seedling — (Hungarian Prune). — A magnificent English plum; light r^d. changing to violet; flesh rather coarse. Tree a good grower and an abundant bearer. One of the most attractive trees in culti- vation. Reine Claude — (Bavay’s Green Gage). — Large, greenish yellow, spotted with red; firm, juicy, sugary, and of fine quality; very productive. Sept. Shipper’s Pride. — The fruit is of large size, it being no uncommon occurrence to find specimens measuring two inches in diameter each way, as it is nearly round; it is what Mr. Charles Downing calls a semi- cling, of a handsome, dark purple color; excellent for canning and a good shipper. Shropshire Damson. — A medium sized, dark purple variety; steemed for preserv- ing. Very productive. Oct. Yellow Egg. — A very large and beautiful egg-shaped yellow plum; a little coarse, but excellent for cooking. Very productive. End of August. BEST JAPAN SORTS Abundance October Purple Burbank Red June Wickson Abundance. — Large and beautiful; amber, turning to a rich, bright cherry; flesh light yellow, juicy, tender, sweet, exceedingly productive. Season, very early. Burbank. — Large and beautiful; clear cherry red; an abundant bearer; valuable market variety. Ripens early in Sept. October Purple. — One of Luther Bur- bank’s Hybrids and considered by him one of his best. Large, purple, yellow flesh; very late. Red June. — Medium to large, roundish, conical, purplish red, handsome; flesh yel- low, quality good. Valued for market on account of its earliness. Wickson. — Very large, glowing carmine, with a heavy white bloom; flesh firm, sug- ary, delicious; stone small. All varieties of Plums, espe- cially Japan sorts, make hand- some ornamental trees as well as being rich in fruit. October Purple 20 FEDERAL NURSERIES, INC., ROCHESTER, N. Y. Peach growing is today a great industry. The ease with which these trees may be cultivated, their freedom from disease, the short period before they become productive, together with the immense demand for the fruit and the facility with which it may be shipped to markets, make Peach growing extremely profitable. To secure healthy, vigorous and fruitful trees the ground must be kept clean and mellow, and should receive an occasional dressing of wood ashes. To keep the trees in good shape it is necessary that they should be pruned yearly, all the dead and useless wood cut out and light and air let in. BEST PEACH TREES TO PLANT Belle of Georgia Carman Chair’s Choice Champion Crawford’s Early Crawford’s Late Crosby Elberta Fitzgerald Foster Globe Greensboro Belle of Georgia. — A very large, white fleshed peach of excellent flavor. Pit free. Skin is white with a red cheek. Rapid grower and productive. A very showy peach when displayed for market. Ripens with Cradford Early. Sept. 1st to 5th. Carman. — A moderately early white fleshed variety said to be absolutely rot- proof. Fruit is large, round, pale yellow color with red cheek. Freestone. Tree is extremely hardy. Aug. Chair’s Choice. — A very large, deep yel- low peach with red cheek. Has yellow flesh that is firm and of fine flavor. Pit is free. Tree is a strong grower and good bearer. Ripens just before Smock. Oct. Champion. — This variety may be classed as the best dessert peach of its season. White fleshed, sweet and delicious, but a little tender for distant shipping. The fruit grows very large, specimens often measur- ing ten inches in circumference. Tree is very hardy and productive; has stood 18 degrees below zero and produced a full crop the following summer. Freestone and ripens last of August. Originated in Illinois. Crawford’s Early. — Early Crawford has long held its place at the head of the list of peaches for home use or market. A mag- nificent, large yellow fruit of good quality. No other variety has been so widely planted for market purposes. Yellow flesh, free 21 Heath Cling Mayflower Mountain Rose Niagara Rochester Salway Stump the World Smock Triumph Wonderful Wheatland Yellow St. John pit, sweet and luscious. Tree vigorous and productive. Fruit ripens first of September. Origin, Middletown, N. J., by Wm. Craw- ford. Crawford’s Late. — A fine late September variety. Fruit is large and yellow with a flavor possibly not quite equal to Early Crawford. Still the peach has a big de- mand and is largely planted as a profitable market sort. Tre is vigorous; only fairly productive. Valued as first class in all mar- kets. Origin, New Jersey. Crosby. — A peach of good quality which was once extensively planted. Requires in- tensive cultivation to reach good marketable size. At its best the fruit is first class in every respect. Fine grained, tender, sweet and very agreeable. Freestone. Tree is vigorous, healthy, fairly hardy and very productive. Ripens Sept. Origin, Massa- chusetts, 1876. Elberta. — The best peach of its season for all markets, as it has grand shipping qualities. Probably the greatest commer- cial peach on the market to-day. The fruit is large, yellow with red cheek, juicy and highly flavored. Flesh is yellow and fine. Pit perfectly free. Tree is vigorous, hardy and a good uniform cropper. Ripens about ten days later than Early Crawford, late September. Origin, Georgia; cross between Chinese Cling and Early Crawford. Fitzgerald. — This is one of the hardiest varieties of peaches, and the quality resem- bles Early Crawford. Fruit runs medium to large, has yellow flesh. Freestone. Ex- tra hardy, succeeding in Canada and in Michigan perfectly. Origin, in the garden of Mr. Fitzgerald, Oakville, Ont., about 1895. Foster. — Originated in Medford, Mass. Large, deep orange red, becoming very dark red on the sunny side; flesh yellow, very rich and juicy, with sub-acid flavor. Ripens with Early Crawford. Very handsome. Globe. — A rapid, vigorous grower and enormous bearer; fruit very large, globular in form; flesh firm, juicy, yellow, shaded with reddish crimson towards the pit or stone; quality good; very rich and luscious. Sept, and Oct. Greensboro. — The largest and most beau- tifully colored of all the early peaches. Of good quality; juicy; a freestone, but ad- heres slightly; ripens perfectly to the seed, and with the Alexander, which makes it of great value as a market peach. Heath Cling. — (White Heath Cling) — Originated in Maryland, where it is much esteemed. Of large size and good flavor. Mayflower. — Earliest peach known. Color red all over, beautiful appearance. Origi- nated in Copiah Co., Miss. Mountain Rose. — A favorite in New Jer- sey where it ripens early and grows to large size for so early a peach. A reliable crop- per. Color white with carmine cheek, in- side creamy white, abounding in rich, sweet juice. Early August. Origin, New Jersey. Niagara. — A very large, yellow peach and a very popular one, especially in Niagara County, N. Y., where it originated. Bears a very close resemblance to Elberta, but is larger and finer in every way and ripens one week earlier than Elberta. The fruit is lightly flavored and luscious. Tree is vigor- ous, healthy, being seldom affected with leaf curl, and a productive, regular bearer. Sea- son, Sept, first. Rochester. — Has the habits and character- istics of the Crawford, but fully two weeks earlier. Yellow, freestone, good size, very sweet and fine flavor. Require only half the usual amount of sugar for canning. Do not rot on the trees. Since its introduction this splendid variety has brought each season from 20c to 30c a basket more than the pre- vailing market price. In a class by itself. Stock limited. Salway. — Fruit large, roundish, deep yel- low, with a rich marbled, brownish red cheek; flesh yellow, firm, juicy rich and sugary. An English variety; priced highly as a late, showy market sort. Stump the World — A showy, white fleshed peach with a bright red cheek. Very large, juicy, sweet and good. Tree is average - grade as to vigor and productiveness. Is freestone and ripens near the end of Sept. Smock. — A first class late market peach. Ripens in early October and is considered first quality for canning or evaporating. Not sweet for eating, but has a distinctive, agreeable flavor. Large, yellow, orange red cheek; freestone. Origin ,New Jersey. 22 FEDERAL NURSERIES, INC., ROCHESTER, N. Y. J: Triumph. — A valuable commercial vari- ety, to follow the Alexander. The peach is yellow with red cheek, flesh not entirely free, with sweet, rich flavor. Early August. Wonderful. — A variety noted for the great size and beauty of its fruit. Has a rich golden color nearly covered with bright crimson which shows up well in the bas- ket. The flesh is yellow, firm and highly flavored. First grade for market and for eating and cooking. This variety has a very small freestone pit and ripens near the mid- dle of October. Origin, United States. Wheatland. — Originated with D. S. Rogers, near Rochester, N. Y. Mr. R., who has large orchards, including the leading sorts, thinks this is the finest of all. Fruit large; color golden yellow, with crimson tint; flesh firm and of fine quality. Ripens between Crawford’s Early and Late. Yellow St. John. — The best of its season. A perfect freestone. Tree is vigorous and productive. Last of August. Origin, North America. THE ELBERTA Last summer when we parted, sweet Elberta ! You looked quite fair enough to eat, Elberta! Yet this for absence may atone, Since last we met you’ve fairer grown ; Yes, though you have a heart of stone, Elberta, you’re a peach! I would devour you with my eyes, Elberta ! But gazing never satisfies, Elberta ! Soon in your flesh so rosy bright I’ll set my teeth most sharp and white, For when you’re peeled you’re out of sight; Elberta, you’re a peach ! This is a picture of the Delicious Rochester Peach. Grows large and sells for more. There has been a steady demand for this wonder- ful Peach. Early orders secure good stock, as it is limited. FEDERAL NURSERIES, INC., ROCHESTER, N. Y. Quince trees should be planted in rich, deep, moist, but well-drained clay soil. The tree responds quickly to good care and culture. Its greatest enemy is blight, which is combated with the same methods used with Pears. It is a dwarfish grower, and if not controlled will soon develop into shrub or bush, hence “suckers”” and water spouts must be kept off and the tops open to sun and air. Quince can be planted 8 to 10 feet apart. Under proper conditions it bears heavily and regularly and is a highly profitable crop, since in all markets the demand for good Quinces is never fully supplied. Orange or Apple. — One of the old vari- eties that always bear and give good satis- faction. Is large, bright golden yellow. Cooks very tender and has a great flavor. There is always a demand for this Quince. Bourgeat. — This tree produces large crops of exceedingly large and handsome fruit, of a rich golden color. It ripens soon after Orange, but will keep until mid-winter. It is very hardy and free from leaf blight. Champion. — Will bear more quickly than any other variety. Trees in the nursery row often bear when two years old. The fruit is large and handsome. Flesh cooks as tender as an apple and without hard spots or cores. Very fine for preserves, jellies, marmalades, etc. The tree is vigor- ous, hardy and very productive. Ripens in November. Rea’s Mammoth. — A seedling of the Or- ange Quince; one-third larger, of the same form and color; fair, handsome, equally as good and said to be as productive. Tree a hardy and healthy grower. Orange APRICOTS j ■ = 1 = = — The Apricot ripens a month or more before the best early Peaches come in, which explains the reason for the great demand and prevailing high prices. It should be planted in deep, rich soil; and care should be taken to know that the sub-soil as well as the top-soil is dry. Alexander. — A large, oblong, orange yel- low fruit, spotted with red. Flesh is sweet, juicy and very good. It is a hardy, prolific hearer and very popular in the east. One of the best of the Russian varieties. Ripens early. Early Golden. — An American variety . of Apricot. Fruit is small, pale orange, juicy and sweet. The tree is hardy and prolific. Ripens first of July. Montgamet.— A pale yellow Apricot, slightly tinged with red; flesh is firm, juciy and agreeably acid. Moorpark. — The largest of fall Apricots; orange in color with a red cheek. More money is made from these than from any other variety. Flesh is firm, juicy and very fine. Moorpark ripens in August. NECTARINES Boston. — Very large and handsome, deep yellow, with a bright blush, and mottles of red; flesh yellow to the stone, sweet, with a pleasant and peculiar flavor. Freestone. Early Violet. — Medium size; yellowish green, nearly covered with dark purplish red; juicy, rich and highly flavored. Last of August. FEDERAL NURSERIES, INC., ROCHESTER, N. Y. PURPLE BLUE RED GRAPES WHITE GREEN YELLOW :■ }J) THE BEST VARIETIES OF GRAPES Agawam Concord Moore’s Diamond Salem Brighton Delaware Moore’s Early Wilder Catawba Green Mountain Niagara Worden Campbell’s Early Lindley Pocklington Wherever you go, north, east, south and west, whether on hill or in valley, on poor soil or rich, you will find the grape generously giving of its bounty and loyal to its mas- ter whether he give care or neglect. If you plant but one fruit, plant the grape. Noth- ing is better for the money, nothing quite so sure to grow, nothing quite so sure to bear, nothing quite so sure to please every mouth. Plant it wherever you can find a spot six inches square. It has its likes, but it never insists on them. With its roots in any odd nook, you can lead it away in any direction to provide a grateful shade for a restful seat. CROPS. — Crop moderately if you would have fine, well ripened fruit. A vine is capable of bringing only a certain amount of fruit to perfection, proportioned to its size and strength; but it usually sets more fruit than it can mature; reduce the crip early in the season to a moderate number of good clusters, and cut off all the small inferior bunches; the remainder will be worth much more than the whole would have been. PRUNING. — Annual and careful pruning is essential to the production of good Grapes. If the roots are called upon to support too much wood, they cannot bring to maturity a fine crop of fruit. The pruning should be done in November, December, February or March, while the vines are entirely dormant. TRAINING VINES. — There are many methods of training grape vines, but as trellises are more generally employed, we will confine our suggestions to a description of the trellis method. To construct a trellis take posts of oak, cedar or chestnut 8 to 10 feet long, set them 3 feet in the ground and about 12 feet apart. Stretch No. 9 galvanized wire tightly along the posts and fasten them to each. Let the first wire be 18 inches from the ground, and the distance between the wire 12 inches. Wooden slats about one by two inches may be substituted for wires. Trellises should be at least 10 feet apart, a greater distance preferable. Set the vines about 20 feet apart. Prune the vines to two canes each for two years after they are plant- ed. In February or March these canes should be cut back to 5 or 6 feet each, and tied along the lower wire or slat of the trellis horizontally. When the growth commences in spring the young shoots must be reduced by dis- budding so that they may stand about a foot apart on the cane, selecting, of course, strong, healthy shoots* as they grow they are tied up to the second, third1 and fourth wire or slat ,and all other superfluous ones removed, as well as the young laterals,, which will appear on vigorous vines; but the first fruit-bearing shoots are allowed to extend themselves at will until September, when they may be pinched off at the end to assist the ripening of the wood. The next pruning, which may be done in November or December, if it is desirable to lay the vines down and cover them over for the win- ter; or in February or March if not laid down, consists in cutting back all the young wood of the previous year’s growth (except such shoots as may be required to extend 25 FEDERAL NURSERIES, INC., ROCHESTER, N. Y. ■ the horizontal arms), to within one or two good buds of the bearing- canes on the lower wire, giving the vine the appearance of the following cut: Each season thereafter the vines are to be treated in the same manner, cutting back every year to the lower wire or slat, extending the vine only in a horizontal direction, thinning vines in the rows by digging up every other plant if necessary, but never growing any grapes above the second wire, and renewing the bearing canes by new shoots from the stumps when required. GATHERING AND KEEPING. — Grapes for keeping, to be used in their fresh state, should be allowed to remain upon the vines until perfectly matured, but not much longer. Pick them when perfectly dry. Let them stand in open baskets or boxes for about ten days in a cool, dry room, and after sorting out all decayed and imperfect berries, pack them in shallow boxes and cover closely. Use no paper, but basswood or elm boxes if con- venient. Pine and other resinous woods should not be used, as they flavor the fruit dis- agreeably. After packing, keep the boxes where it is both cool and dry. Under care- ful management some varieties may be kept until spring. The letters following descriptions indicate color of fruits, B (black); R (red or purplish); W (white). Agawam. — (Rogers’ No. 15) — One of the best of the red varieties; bunch variable in size; flesh tender and juicy. A good grower and bearer. R. Brighton. — Flesh rich, sweet, and of the best quality, equal if not superior to Dela- ware; ripens early. Productive and vigor- ous. R. Catawba. — Bunches large and loose; ber- ries large, of coppery red color, becoming purplish when well ripened; vinous, rich; requires the most favored soils and situa- tions, good culture and warm seasons to mature perfectly in Western New York. R. Concord. — Large and handsome, very hardy, productive and reliable; succeeds well over a great extent of country, and is one of the most popular market grapes. B. i I j, I i I I I A Vine of Brighton Grapes 26 FEDERAL NURSERIES, INC., ROCHESTER, N. Y. Campbell’s Early. — Clusters large and handsome; berries large, nearly round, black, with light purple bloom; flesh rather firm, but tender; quality rich, sweet, slightly vinous; a strong and vig- orous grower; very early; the berries do not drop easily from the clusters, and the fruit keeps a long time in perfec- tion. B. Delaware. — One of the finest of our native grapes. Ripens early. Bunches small and compact; berries small, light red, with a violet bloom, beautiful; sweet, sugary and vinous, with a musky * aroma. R. Green Mountain. — A very early and de- licious grape; pulp tender and sweet, with but one or two seeds; bears young and pro- fusely, and ripens from the 25th of August to the 1st of September. The only grape thus far tested that ranks first, both in earliness and quality. W. Lindley. — (Rogers’ No. 9) — Bunch me- dium, somewhat loose; berry medium to large, round; a rich shade of red; very handsome and attractive; flesh tender, sweet, with a rich aromatic flavor; ripens soon after the Delaware; vigorous and produc- tive. One of the best red grapes. R. Moore’s Diamond. — Bunch large, compact; berry medium size; color greenish white with a yellow tinge; juicy and almost with- out pulp; vigorous and productive. W. Moore’s Early. — B u n c h large, berry round; color black, with a heavy blue bloom; quality better than the Concord. Vine exceedingly hardy; has been exposed to a temperature of more than 20 degrees below zero without injury, and is entirely exempt from mildew or disease. B. Niagara. — Bunch medium to large, com- pact, occasionally shouldered; berry large, roundish, uniform; skin thin but tough, pale green, changing to pale yellow, with a thin whitish bloom; flesh slightly pulpy, tender, sweet. Remarkably vigorous, healthy and productive; foliage thick and leathery. Ripens with the Concord. Most valuable white grape in cultivation. W. Pocklington. — Is a seedling from Concord; fruit a light golden yellow, clear, juicy and sweet to the center, with little or no pulp; bunches very large, sometimes shouldered; berries round, very large and thickly set. First of Cept. W. Niagara Concord 27 FEDERAL NURSERIES, INC., ROCHESTER, N. Y. I Salem. — (Rogers’ No. 22) — This is re- garded as the best of Mr. Rogers’ hybrids. Bunch large, berry large, round; flesh ten- der, juicy, with a rich, aromatic flavor; slight pulp; a good keeper. R. Wilder. — (Rogers’ No. 4) — Large and black; bunches generally shouldered; berry round and large ; flesh buttery, with a some- what fibrous center; sweet, rather sprightly; ten days earlier than the Isabella. B. Worden. — A seedling of the Concord. Bunch large, compact, handsome; berries large — larger than those of the Concord. It ripens a few days earlier, and is superior to it in flavor. Very popular for the vine- yard and garden. B. CURRANTS [The United States Government does not permit the sale or distribution of black fruited varieties, claiming they cause a rust injurious to other plant life.] Currants are the most profitable of smaller fruits. An acre yields from 200 to 250 bushels of fruit. Plants should be set in rows four feet each way, allowing plenty of light and air. For protection against the currant worm dust a little white hellebore powder over the bushes when the leaves are damp. Do this as soon as worms appear. Cherry. — Very large, deep red, rather acid; bunches short. Plants erect, stout, vigorous and productive. Fay’s Prolific. — Originated in Chautauqua County, N. Y. A cross between Cherry and Victoria; of large size, fine flavor, and claimed to be five times as prolific as the Cherry. A great acquisition. La Versailles. — Very large, red; bunch long, of great beauty and excellent quality; one of the finest and best and should be in every collection. Very productive. Perfection. — A cross between Fay’s I Politic and White Grape. Color is a beautiful bright red. Size as large as the Fay’s or larger, the clusters aver- aging longer. It is the most productive large red currant of which we have any knowledge. Season of ripening is about the same as that of Cherry or Fay. Quality rich, mild, sub-acid, plenty of j pulp with few seeds. Less acid and of j better quality than any other large red , currant in cultivation. A good grower, with very large, healthy foliage. Awarded the Barry, Fifty Dollar Gold 28 FEDERAL NURSERIES, INC., ROCHESTER, N. Y. Medal of the Western New York Horticul- tural Society, July, 1901, after three years’ trial. The first fruit to receive this grand prize. Received Highest Award given any new fruit at the Pan-American Exposition, also received prize at Louisiana Purchase Exposition, St. Louis, 1904. White Grape. — Very large, yellowish white, sweet, of very mild acid. Excellent quality; very productive. Best of the white varieties. Wilder. — It is one of the strongest grow- ers and very productive. Bunches of ber- ries very large, bright, attractive red color, and hang on bushes longer than any other variety. Wilder GOOSEBERRIES This fruit is so useful for cooking, when green or ripe, and it may be canned with such facility that it is beginning to be cultivated very extensively for both home use and market. It requires the same cultivation and treatment f or worms as the currant. The worms attack the Gooseberry before the currant bushes, and if a few of the former are set near a currant plantation, and the worms exterminated on these, there will be little if any trouble from them on the currant bushes. ; The American varieties, though not quite so large as the English sorts, are of fine quality and are not subject to mildew. Downing. — Medium size. Whitish green; juicy. Soft and good. Very prolific. A great market berry. Golden Prolific. — A remarkably strong, vigorous and upright grower, with dark green glaucous foliage, which resists mil- dew perfectly, and persistently hangs on until the end of the season. The fruit is of the largest size oblong. Color, golden yel- low; flavor decidedly good; very productive. Houghton. — Roundish, medium in size; sweet, very productive. Josselyn. — Berry smooth; very prolific and hardy; quality and foliage the best. Smith’s Improved. — From Vermont. Large oval, light green with bloom; flesh moderately firm, sweet and good. Vigorous grower. 29 FEDERAL NURSERIES, INC., ROCHESTER, N. Y. RASPBERRIES - • „ ---- — -=«/ Plant in good soil and manure it from time to time freely. The hills should be not less than four feet apart each way. Cut out the old and weak shoots each year, pre- serving not over six for fruiting. If the location is much exposed and the plants inclined to kill down seriously, they may be bent over in the fall on mounds of earth formed at one side of the hills and covered sufficiently to keep them down until spring. Surplus suckers take strength from the bearing plants. They should be cut away or hoed up frequently. Raspberries may be made very profitable with cultivation. Gregg BLACK RASPBERRIES Black Diamond. — A large, handsome berry of great pro- ductiveness and splendid keep- ing and evaporating qualities; sweet; excellent. Cumberland. — The largest of them all. Good quality, hardy and productive. Fruit firm, similiar to Gregg. Keeps and ships well. One of the most profitable varities. Ripens mid- season. Gregg. — A very large berry of excellent quality. Produces larger crops and is fine for evap- orating or canning. Makes juicy, rich pies. Gault. — (The Greatest Novelty in small Fruits) — Fruit immense size; commences to ripen with Gregg, continuing two or three weeks longer, when fruit on young canes commences to ripen, continuing until frost. Young canes frequently produce clusters of 80 to 100 perfect berries. Kansas. — One of the best blackcaps. Hardy, handsome, juicy and firm. An ex- cellent field or garden variety. Ohio. — A very strong growing hardy sort; fruit nearly as large as Mammoth Cluster, more productive than any other variety, and one of the most if not the most valuable for market. Plum Farmer Plum Farmer. — This wonder new Black Raspberry has been thoroughly tested and is a great favorite for home use, and one of the best commercial sorts for all sec- tions. A vigorous grower, hardy and very productive; one of the best to withstand drought. Fruit enormously large, covered with a grayish bloom like the bloom on a grape; matures early, easily picked, ships well, sells at highest prices. Red and Purple Raspberries Columbian. — The greatest Raspberry of the age. It is a seedling of the Cuthbert, grown near the Gregg, and is believed to be a cross between the two. It is enorm- ously productive, of large size and excel- lent quality. Season of fruiting, from July to August 15th. It has stood 28 degrees be- low zero without injury, is propagated from the tips and does not sucker. The color is dark red; adheres to the stem, does not crumble in picking and is a splendid ship- per. It has yielded over 8,000 quarts per acre. Cuthbert. — Medium, conical, hardy vari- ety, of deep, rich crimson. Very luscious and highly flavored. One of the best mar- ket varieties. 30 FEDERAL NURSERIES, INC., ROCHESTER, N. Y. Herbert— Very hardy, canes strong and vigorous; bright red, the largest of all red Raspberries; sweet, juicy. Fine for table use. Enormously productive. Marlboro.— One of the best early reds. Hardy and a good producer. Ripens to- gether. , St. Regis. — This everbearing red Rasp- ) berry bears the first season. One of the ! greatest raspberries ever introduced. Plants of the St. Regis put out in the Fall or early April gave ripe berries on the 20th of June. For four weeks thereafter the yield was heavy and the canes continued to produce ripe fruit without intermission until late October. The berries were large and beau- tiful and full flavored to the very last. The St. Regis is the only raspberry, as far as known, that is practically sure to produce a crop of fruit the season planted. Award- ed the highest certificate of merit by the American Institute of New York. Raspberries make a good hedge or dividing line between property. I BLACKBERRIES Nearly all of the Blackberries will bear on good fruit land, particularly good on sandy soil. They require the same culture as Raspberries. Keep soil free from weeds and grass. Plant in rows of seven feet apart if in field and five feet apart for garden. When the canes reach the height of three feet in summer pinch off top; this will cause them to throw out laterals. Setting plants 7x3 feet apart you can get 2,078 plants to an acre. 5x3 feet apart will allow 2,904 plants to acre. Ancient Briton. — One of the best old vari- eties. Vigorous, healthy and hardy. Pro- ducing large crops with fine quality, bring- ing highest market price. Will bear in far North, Central or South. Blower. — The largest of the blackberry family. Plant is upright and hardy. One of the most productive, a single plant pro- ducing over two thousand berries. Jet black. A good shipper. Ripens about July 15 and continues for six weeks. Eldorado. — Vigorous and hardy. Stands the severe winters of the Northwest with- out injury. Jet black. Bears in clusters and ripens together. Sweet and juicy. Free from hard core. Erie. — Very large and very hardy. A strong grower and great bearer, producing larger, sweeter berries; earlier in ripening than any other sort. Rathbun. — Origin, Western New York. A strong erect grower with strong stem, branching freely; will root from tip of branches like a raspberry. Hardy, having endured 20 degrees below zero, and pro- duced a good crop. Forms a neat, compact bush 4 to 5 feet high, producing its im~ mense fruit abundantly. Fruit is sweet and luscious, without hard core, of extra high flavor, jet black, small seeds; firm enough to ship and handle well. Very large size, resembling the Wilson and fully equal to that grand variety, with the addi- tion of hardiness. Snyder. — Extremely hardy. Very pro- ductive. Bears every year. Free from hard core. Grows upright. Fruit easy to pick. 31 FEDERAL NURSERIES, INC., ROCHESTER, N. Y. DEWBERRY Lucretia. — A low-growing, trailing black- berry. Hardy, and very productive with fine foliage and white flowers. The fruit ripens early; is many times one and one- half inches long by one inch in diameter. Soft, sweet and luscious. Free from hard core. Ripens before late raspberries are gone. Should be mulched to keep berries off from soil. Plum Farmer ASPARAGUS Barr’s Mammoth. — (Barr’s Philadelphia Mammoth) — Originated with Crawford Barr, a prominent market gardener of Pennsylvania. It is one of the earliest vari- eties, very productive and grows to the largest size. Columbia Mammoth White. — Produces shoots that are white and remain so as long as fit for use, very robust and vigorous in habit. Conover’s Colossal. — Immense size, re- markably tender and high flavored, vigor- ous grower, sending up from fifteen to twenty sprouts each year, from one to two inches in diameter, color deep green and ■crown very close. Can be cut one year sooner than the other varieties. Palmetto. — Until recently we believed that the Conover’s Colossal was the best sort known, but we are now forced to concede that the Palmetto is earlier and a better yielder, and more even and better in growth, and it will eventually supersede the old fav- orite. The average bunches contain fifteen shoots, measuring 13 V2 inches in circumference and weighing nearly two younds. It has been tested both North and south and has proved entirely suc- cessful in every in- stance. RHUBARB OR WINE PLANT The plants should be set four feet apart each way, and the stalks will be fit for use the second season after planting. Myatt’s Linnaeus. — Those who have never Plant.” It is an early, tender variety, with- grown this variety, which is of superioi out being in the least tough or stringy, with quality, will hardly recognize the old “Pie a mild, sub-acid flavor. 32 FEDERAL NURSERIES, INC., ROCHESTER, N. Y. STRAWBERRIES j =■ ■■■ ==# SPRING DELIVERY ONLY WE CANNOT FILL ORDERS FOR STRAWBERRIES FOR CUSTOMERS SOUTH OF VIRGINIA OR WEST OF KANSAS Strawberry Plants are sent direct to the customer by Parcel Post or Express, depending on size of order. We guarantee delivery in good shape, as plants are dug and shipped the same day. No plants carried over night. Every plant shipped fresh and in perfect order. DESCRIPTION OF BEST SORTS Americus (P) Thrifty grower, fruit good quality, medium to large in size, rich red in color, delicious flavor. Brandywine (P) A strong grower. Will thrive on any soil. Berries rich dark red with bright yel- low seeds on surface. Spice flavor. A delightful table berry. Bushel-Basket (P) This veritable giant is creating a genuine sensation. We realized it must have un- usual merit when it was awarded the Barry Gold Medal, but we are frank to state we did not expect to have it prove so remarkably fine as it has. It is an immense plant, fruiting in mid-season and the fruit, thhough unusually large, is freely produced and of high quality. Dunlap (P) A prolific grower on any soil and under all conditions. Berries large size, bright glossy red. A strictly high class berry. Great Scott (P) A veritable giant among straw- berries. GREAT in size, beauty, yield and quality. Taken premiums everywhere on account of large size and rich flavor. Glen Mary (P) A popular sort among market gardeners. Berries rich, dark, clear all through, high flavor, ripening mid-early to mid-season. A great market variety. MONROE (P) Awarded Barry Gold Medal. Dark red, large, very smooth, extra firm and fine grained. High quality, uniform in shape. Brings fancy prices, much above ordinary berries. Mr. Joseph A. Morgan, the originator, says : “BEST of 50 tested varieties. Yield double that of any of the others and my best seller.” Another grower says: “I find it hard to sell other varieties of strawberries to my customers after they have had some of the MONROE.” Oregon (P) Originated in Oregon and our stock came direct from the parent plants. It is a vigorous grower, adapted to all soils and locations. Berry very juicy. Strictly hardy, free from blight and rec- ommended to all growers. Progressive (P) Big producer, good size, good color, good quality. A popular variety. Ryckman (P) A very early big berry, leader of 15 varieties. Attracted wide attention at St. Louis exhibition. A perfect shipper and valuable market sort. Sample (Imp.) Very productive and grows freely on any soil. Is a wonder for productiveness. Ber- ries large to very large, globular, bright red, moder- ately firm and good. It has yielded 500 bushels per acre. Superb (P) Best and most profitable Fall bearing variety. Yields heavy crops. Large berries, of good quality and appearance wherever grown. Warfield (Imp.) Very productive, medium size, dark glossy red. A fine canning berry. Will ship long distances. A well known variety that needs no recommendation. Wilson (P) A well known variety that has for years been the standard of excellence. Very large, dark red, firm, rather acid. A good market sort and superb for canning. DIRECTIONS FOR PLANTING We advise planting strawberries in rows five feet apart and the plants one foot apart. This would re- quire 8,700 plants to the acre, or a trifle over 50 plants to the rod of land. In small gardens it is often ad- visable to plant them one foot apart each way. With good care, one can reasonably estimate one pint of fruit to the plant. A number of the varieties we have listed produced from ten to fifteen thousand quarts per acre last year. There is a permanent demand nowadays for all the strawberries that a man can raise. The canning factories will take all they can get at a fair price which will net the farmer from $250 to $800 an acre, depending on the care given to the plants and crop. NUT TREES ■^== ' ■■ - -=3/ (Not desirable to plant. Have tap roots and transplant badly.) Butternut. — A rapid growing native tree, producing edible nuts. Chestnut, American. — A well known forest and nut-bearing tree, of great value for ornamental purposes. Filbert, American. — Smaller, and with a thicker shell than the English, but of good flavor; hardy and productive. WALNUT — Juglans Black. — The well known native species; hardy, prolific and valuable; timber in point of durability is difficult to excel. English. — (Madeira Nut) — This rich and fine flavored nut is moderately hardy, and makes a vigorous growth. Japan. — Perfectly hardy here, rapid grower, handsome form, large leaves, bears young and abundantly. 33 1 The growing custom of bringing the home and its. surroundings into more complete harmony by a well planned arrangement of trees, shrubs and flowers is one that cannot be too highly commended. Flowering shrubs for borders of walks and roadways, screens of bushes to shut oif objectionable views; gardens of old-fashioned flowers, intermingled with trailing vines, enhance not only the beauty and cheerfulness of the home, but we should consider that the actual value of theproperty has increased largely. For City Street and Avenue. — Sugar Maple, Nor- way Maple, American Elm, American Ash, Pin Oak, Red Oak, White Oak, American Linden, Oriental Plane. Quick-growing Street Trees. — Silver Maple, Ash- leaved Maple, Bolleana Poplar, Carolina Poplar, Lom- bardy Poplar. Best Lawn Trees. — Norway Maple, European White Birch, Cut-leaved Weeping Birch, Catalpa Speciosa, Purple-leaved Beech, Tulip Tree, Maiden Hair, Cucum- ber Tree, European Larch, European Mt. Ash, the Oaks, English Elm, Lindens. Low-growing Lawn Trees. — Aralia, Catalpa Bungei, Japan Weeping and Flowering Cherries, the Dog- woods, the Double-flowering Thorns, Fern-leaved Beech, Weeping Mulberry, Bechtel’s Flowering Crab. Trees for Damp Places. — Pin Oak, Swamp White Oak, Red Maple, Silver Maple, the Willows, American Elm, American White Birch. Trees for Dry Places. — Scarlet Oak, Red Oak, Ara- lia, White Birch, Sugar Maple, Beeches. Trees for Seashore Planting. — Norway Maple, Ori- ental Planes, Carolina Poplar, Lombardy Poplar, Bolleana Poplar, Pin Oak, Red Oak. Willow, Honey Locust, Tamarix. FLOWERING TREES Named in the order in which they flower: MAY. — Almond, Cherry, Double-flowered; Judas Tree, Magnolia, in variety; Cornus Florida, Horse Chestnuts; Crabs, flowering; Peach, double-flowered; Bird Cherry. JUNE. — Mountain Ash, Thorns, in vari- ety ;Laburnum, White Fringe, Locust, white; Virgilia Lutea, Catalpa, Lindens, in variety. JULY — Chestnut, American, Catalpas. Trees which produce ornamental fruit succeeding the flowers: Celtis accidentalis, dull red fruit as large as peas. Cornus Florida — Oval fruit in a head. Crataegus — (Thorns) — Scarlet and yel- low fruit in September and October. Pyrus (Crab), Mountain Ash — Scarlet fruit in September and October. Trees for Spring Planting Only — While most kinds of trees can be safely trans- planted in the Fall, there are a few that are rarely successful unless carefully moved in the Spring; the Birches, the Beeches, the Larches, Magnolias, Tulip Trees, Flowering Cherries and Peaches, Judas Tree, the Oaks, Sweet Gum and all Nut-bearing trees. Deciduous Trees, Shrubs and Vines can be planted in Spring or Fall. In the far north, where the weather is too severe, plant in the Spring. Evergreens should be set out in Spring. 34 FEDERAL NURSERIES, INC., ROCHESTER, N. Y. Preparation of the Roots. — Cut off smoothly all bruised or broken roots up to the sound wood. This prevents their decay- ing and hastens the emission of new roots and fibres. Preparation of the Top. — This consists in cutting back the top and side branches in such a way as to correspond with the more or less mutilated roots as follows: Trees with branching heads should have the small branches cut clean out, and the larger ones, intended for the framework of the tree, cut back to within two or three buds of their base. In cases where there is an abundant root and small top or few branches, the pruning need be very light, but where the roots are small and the top heavy, severe pruning will be necessary. This is applicable to all de- ciduous Trees and Shrubs. Evergreens sel- dom require pruning, but Arbor Vitae and other Evergreens planted in hedge rows may be shorn immediately after planting. Pruning — Pruning has the effect to ren- der trees and shrubs unnatural and inele- gant. We refer to the custom of shearing trees, . particularly conifers, into cones, pyramids and other unnatural shapes. Every tree, shrub and plant has a habit of growth peculiar to itself, and this very peculiarity is one of its beauties. If we prune all trees into regular shapes we de- stroy their identity. The pruning knife should be used to assist nature, and oper- ated with good judgment; to lop off strag- gling branches, to thin the head of a tree which has become too dense, and to remove dead wood. Each shrub has peculiarities of habit and foliage, and we should aim to preserve them as far as possible. Judicious pruning to secure health and vigor is necessary, but trimming all kinds of shrubs into one form shows a lack of appreciation for natural beauty, to say the least. Wiegelas, Deut- zias, Forsythias and Mock Orange flower on the wood of the preceding year’s growth, hence the shrubs should not be pruned in Winter or Spring, but in June, after they have finished flowering, when the old wood should be shortened or cut out, thus pro- moting the growth of the young wood, which is to flower the following season. Spiraes, Lilacs, Altheas and Honeysuckles may be trimmed during the Winter or early in Spring, but the branches should only be reduced enough to keep them in good shape. The old growth should be occasionally thinned out and the suckers and root sprouts removed when they appear. The best time, however, for pruning all shrubs is when they have done flowering. The Hydrangea pani- culata grandiflora should be severely cut back and thinned early in Spring. Pruning Evergreens — Use the knife oc- casionally to thicken the growth and pre- serve the shape. This can be done in April or May, just before the trees start to grow. For Lawns and Small Places — Whatever specimens are planted should be of the finest species, of moderate size, of graceful habits of growth and handsome foliage. A pendulous tree or one with variegated foliage may be occasionally introduced, and will add to the beauty of the grounds. De- pend mainly upon dwarf shrubs for small places, and in selecting, aim at securing a succession of bloom. 35 FEDERAL NURSERIES, INC., ROCHESTER, N. Y. UPRIGHT DECIDUOUS TREES ASH — Fraximus There are many varieties of Ash and all are clean, healthy and vigorous. American White Ash — A well known na- tive tree. Desirable for lawns or streets. BEECH — Fagus The Beeches are noted for their rich, glossy foliage and large size at maturity. They are fine for lawn decorations. European Beech — (Sylvatica) — Like American variety, darker bark and more compact habit. Purple-leaved — (Purpurea) — Discovered in a German forest. An elegant, vigorous tree, growing 40 to 50 feet high. Foliage deep purple, changing to crimson. Like all varieties of the Beech, this is difficult to transplant, hence small trees three feet high are preferable. Weeping Beech — (See Weeping Trees). BIRCH— Betula American White Birch — An American species of rapid growth with triangular, taper pointed, smooth and glossy leaves. Cut-leaved Weeping Birch — (See Weep- ing Trees). European White (Alba) — A fine tree of moderate size, with silvery bark and slender branches. Young’s Weeping — (See Weeping Trees). CATALPA The Catalpas flower in July. The blos- soms are showy, large and fragrant. Leaves large, heart-shaped and yellowish green. They are effective, tropical-looking lawn trees, some varieties producing long seed pods, that remain on all winter. Bungei (Umbrella Catalpa) — Grafted on stems 5 to 6 feet high, it makes an umbrella- shaped top without pruning. Perfectly hardy, and flourishes in almost all soils and climates. Leaves large, glossy, heart- shaped, deep green; lay like shingles on a roof; always make a symmetrical head. One of the most unique trees; a valuable acquisition, desirable for lawn, park and cemetery planting. Speciosa — This early-blooming, upright variety is much hardier than the syringa- leaved, having proved itself able to stand the severe winters of Wisconsin and Iowa, making when planted in groves, straight symmetrical trees, suitable for posts or rail- way ties, for which purpose it is one of the most useful trees known, lasting in many instances nearly or quite a century. A suggestion for planting a lawn: Blue Spruce, Catalpa, Pur- ple Leaved Beech, American White Ash, Bechtel’s Crab, Elm, White Flowering Dogwood, Thunbergii, etc. 36 FEDERAL NURSERIES, INC., ROCHESTER, N. Y. The house herewith shown has a very pleasing planting and meets with the approval of the majority. The front contains Spirea. Thunbergi, Flowering Dogwood, Japan Snowball, etc. ELM-— Ulmus The Elms are so well known that it is unnecessary to re- fer to their beauty and value for orna- mental planting. We grow the American. There is no finer tree for street and park planting. American White Elm — The noble spreading and droop- ing tree of our own forests. CRAB— Pyrus Bechtel’s Double Flowering — One of the most beautiful of the many fine varieties of flowering Crabs. Tree of medium size, cov- ered in early Spring with large, beautiful, double, fragrant flowers of a delicate pink color. From a distance the flowers have the appearance of small roses. Blooms when quite young. CHERRY— Cerasus Double Flowering (Flore alba Plena) — A tree of medium growth, producing clusters of double white flowers in May. Blooms so profusely as to completely hide the branches from view. DOGWOOD (Cornus) Camperdown Weeping Elm — (See Weep- ing Trees). HORSE CHESTNUT— Aesculus European or White Flowering Horse Chestnut — A beautiful well-known tree of roundish form with dark green foliage and abundance of spikes of white flowers, slight- ly marked with red. Hardy. PLAN TO PLANT ANOTHER TREE Red Flowering (Flore r u b r a) — A valuable variety, producing beautiful carmine flow- ers; of great value. White Flowering (Florid a) — A fine American tree, growing from sixteen to twenty- five feet high. Foliage of a grayish green col- or; v e r y glossy and handsome, turning in the autumn to a deep red, rendering the tree ope of the most beau- tiful objects at t h a t season. The flowers appear before the leaves in the spring and about three inches in diameter; white and very showy. It is one of the most valuable ornamental trees. 37 A Row of Norway and Silver Leafed Maples JUDAS TREE, OR RED BUD— Cercis American Judas — A very ornamental na- tive tree, of medium size, irregular rounded form, with perfect heart-shaped leaves of a pure green color, glossy surface above and grayish green beneath. The tree derives the name of Red Bud from the profusion of delicate reddish purple flowers with which it is covered before the foliage appears. Flowering at the same time with the Chi- nese Magnolias, it may be planted among them in groups with fine effect. Grown as single specimens they are also beautiful and attractive and deserve to be classed among our finest ornamental trees. LARCH — Larix European Larch — A beautiful, rapid- growing tree, of irregular, pyramidal form, with small drooping branches; valuable for timber. LABURNUM— Cytisus Common, or Golden Chain — Bears long, pendent recemes of golden flowers in June; smooth and shiny foliage. Very showy and beautiful, and valuable for every lawn. When fully grown, fifteen to twenty feet high. LOCUST OR ACACIA— Robinia Rose or Moss Locust — A native species of spreading, irregular growth, with long ele- gant clusters of rose-colored flowers in June, and at intervals all the season. LINDEN OR LIME TREE— Tilia The Lindens are all beautiful— In addi- tion to many other valuable qualities which they possess, their flowers yield a delicate perfume. American Linden or Basswood — A rapid growing, large-sized, beautiful native tree, with very large leaves and fragrant flow- ers. European Linden — A very fine pyramidal tree of large size, with large leaves and fragrant flowers. MAPLE — Acer Very valuable for shade. Vigorous and free from disease. Hardy and adapted to all soils. Recommended for street planting. Ash-leaved, or Box Elder (Negrundo) — A native tree, maple-like in its seeds and ash- like in foliage; of irregular spreading habit. Norway Maple — A native of Europe. Now planted very largely, on account of its clean, broad foliage of rich deep green. Stout, vigorous grower, of spreading rounded form. Very hardy and makes dense shade. One of the most popular maples. Red or Scarlet Maple. — Conspicuous in Spring for its masses of red blossoms, and in Fall for its glowing crimson foliage. Silver-leaved Maple. — Hardy, rapid grow- er. Foliage bright green above and silver beneath. Quick shade producer. 38 FEDERAL NURSERIES, INC., ROCHESTER, N. Y. mm :: Wier’s Cut Leaf Maple Sugar or Rock Maple — Probably the most generally used of all shade trees. Its Au- tumn tints are familiar to all. Wier’s Cut-leaved Maple — One of the most rapid and graceful growing of weep- ing trees, forming beautiful specimens in a short time. Foliage deeply cut and borne on long recurving, pendulous branches; can be pruned severely. Perfectly hardy. MOUNTAIN ASH— Sorbus American — A favorite, erect-growing tree, of medium size, producing white flowers early in spring, followed by clusters of bright scarlet berries, which remain on the tree through the winter months. European — Similar in appearance to American, with finer foliage, and smaller, deeper-colored berries from July to Winter, much more desirable than the American and everywhere very popular. When fully grown, 20 to 35 feet. Weeping European — (See Weeping Trees). THE TREE By Joyce Kilmer Who Gave His Life in France I think that I shall never see A poem lovely as a tree. A tree whose hungry mouth is prest Against the earth’s sweet flowing breast. A tree that looks at God all day And lifts her leafy arms to pray. A tree that may in summer wear A nest of robins in her hair. Upon whose bosom snow has lain ; Who intimately lives with rain. Poems are made by fools like me. But only God can make a tree. 39 FEDERAL NURSERIES, INC., ROCHESTER, N. Y. i Oriental Plane Tree MULBERRY— Morns The Mulberry is valuable both as an ornamental shade tree and for its fruit. It is of easy culture, requiring little or no pruning. Downing’s Everbearing — A rapid grower, bearing' large, black, edible fruit from June until September. Leaves larger than other varieties. Russian — A very hardy, rapid-growing timber tree of great value, especially in the West. Foliage abundant and is desirable in the culture of silk worms. Fruit of good size and produced in great abundance. Tea’s Weeping Russian Mulberry — (See Weeping Trees). OAK — Quercus The Oaks, when they attain size, are our most picturesque trees. The species and varieties are numerous, and the majority are adapted to ornament large grounds where they can have an abundance of room. Pin — The Pin Oak is undoubtedly the most valuable variety for all practical purposes. The foliage is dense, finely divided, of a beautiful shining green that colors to spark- ling red and yellow in fall. The tree is easily transplanted and grows well on wet or dry ground; is, in fact, the quickest growing of all the Oaks and is one of the best for street or park planting. OLIVE Russian — (Eleagnus) — A very large shrub, or small tree; leaves narrow and silvery white, flowers, yellow and fragrant; very hardy. PEACH — Persica The double flowered varieties are distinguished for their showy and beautiful bloom. At the blossoming season in May every branchlet is covered with a mass of beautifully formed, highly colored flowers, render- ing the trees most interesting objects and attracting notice from a distance. The double red, double rose, ! and double white varieties, planted in a group, pro- duce a charming effect. Double White-flowered Peach — Very orna- mental. Flowers pure white and double; superb. Perfectly hardy. Double Red-flowered Peach. — Flowers semi-double, bright red; superb. Double Rose-flowered Peach. — Flowers double, pale rose-colored, like small roses. Very pretty. I PLANE TREE — Platanus Oriental Plane — (Orientalis) — Leaves j heart shape at base, deeply cut. Is among I our tallest trees, growing rapidly into mas- i sive proportions. Hardy and free from dis- | ease. It does well in cities and near the i seashore, and is not affected by insects. POPLAR — Populus Carolina Poplar — Pyramidal in form and robust in growth; leaves large, glossy, ser- j rated, pale to deep green. Valuable for street planting, also for screens. Very rapid grower. Lombardy or Italian Poplar — Attains a height of from 100 to 150 feet. Well known and remarkable for its erect, rapid growth and tall, spiry form. Indispensable in land- j scape gardening, to break the ordinary and monotonous outlines of most other trees. WEEPING POPLAR (Populus Tremuloides Pendula) Weeping Poplar — (Populus Tremuloides Pendula) — A splendid weeping tree of re- cent introduction is the weeping poplar illustrated above. Has all the good qualities of other weeping trees, but grows much more rapidly than any other weeper. Though grafted on standard stems five feet high, its branches grow to the ground in a single season. As in the case of practically all weeping trees propagated by grafting, the new or past season’s growth should be cut back severely each Spring. By% so doing, a large umbrella shaped top is formed. White or Silver Poplar, or Silver Abele — From Europe. A tree of wonderfully rapid growth, and wide spreading habit. Leaves glossy green above and white as snow be- neath. 40 FEDERAL. NURSERIES, INC., ROCHESTER, N. Y. Lombardy Poplar PRUNUS Pissardii— (Purple Leaved Plum) — The tree is a decided contrast in itself. The leaves as they first appear, on the tips are a beautiful orange color, and they ma- ture to a rich purple, clear and distinct, growing darker as the season advances. The leaves remain until late in the fall — a decided contrast to other shrubs. SALISBURIA, MAIDEN-HAIR TREE OR GINKGO A rare, beautiful tree from Japan, with remark- able fern-like foliage, distinct and fine. Especially desirable for planting on lawns or in dooryards. A rapid grower. THORN — Crataegus The Thorns are among the most beautiful flowering trees. They are generally dense, low growers, occu- pying comparatively little space and well adapted to beautify small grounds. The foliage is varied and attractive, flowers very showy and often highly per- fumed. The fruit is very effective and ornamental in autumn. Double Scarlet — (Coccinea fl. pi.) — Flow- ers deep crimson with scarlet shade; very double and considered larger than the double red; fine rich foliage. Double White — (Alba flore pleno) — Has small double white flowers. Paul’s Double Scarlet — (Coccinea fl. pi. Paulii) — Flowers larger, deep carmine scar- let. Superior to any other variety. TREE OF HEAVEN— Ailanthus A Japanese tree, with long, feathery foli- age, rapid grower, producing a tropical ef- fect. Free from all diseases. TULIP TREE — Liriodendron Tulipifera — A magnificent native tree with broad, glossy, fiddle-shaped leaves and beautiful tulip like flowers; allied to the Magnolias, and like them difficult to transplant unless of small size. WILLOW— Salix The Willows are a most useful and ornamental class of trees. Of rapid growth, fine habit, hardy, adapted to a great variety of soils, and easily trans- planted, they can be used by planters to great ad- vantage. Willow, Wisconsin Weeping — Of drooping habit and hardier than Babylonica. Valu- able on account of its ability to resist severe cold. Golden — (Vitellina aurantiaca) — Very conspicuous on account of its yellow bark. Kilmarnock Weeping Willow — (See Weep- ing Trees). Laurel-leaved Willow — A fine ornamental tree, with very large, shining leaves. WALNUT— Juglans Black — English — (See Nuts). Wisconsin Weeping Willow 41 FEDERAL NURSERIES, INC., ROCHESTER, N. Y. r>. — " — Weeping or Drooping Deciduous Trees Much attention is now given to this interesting class of trees, and we therefore place them separately for the greater convenience of our friends. For the benefit of those unacquainted with their habit, we would say that they should be divided into two separate classes, namely: those which are grafted where the top or head commences to form, as in the case of the Kilmarnock Willow, and those having long, slender branches 1 which droop naturally, like the Cut-leaved Birch; the first assumes that conspicuous, umbrella-like form so well known, and so excellently adapted for planting in ceme- teries, small yards and gardens. The latter have tall-growing trunks, with long slen- der branches, and are really handsome. They are adapted for larger places, where they can have sufficient room. In such situations, the elegance and grace of their branches j in motion, or at rest, are so graceful to the eye that among ornamental shrubbery they have few if any superiors. BIRCH— Betula Cut- leaved _ Weeping — (Pendula Lacini- ata) — Extremely vigorous and hardy. Mr. Scott, in his “Suburban Home Ground,” says of it: “No engraving can do it justice; like the palm tree of the tropics, it must be seen in motion, swaying in the lightest breeze, its leaves trembling in the heated summer air, its while bark glistening through the bright foliage and sparkling in the sun, to enable us to form a true im- pression of its character.” Young’s Weeping — (Youngii) — Origi- nated near Milfred, England, where it was found trailing on the ground. Grafted into stems at some height, it forms pendulous heads drooping to the ground in fine, thread- like shoots; very beautiful. CHERRY — Cerasus Japan Weeping, Rose-flowered — One of the finest pendulous trees for lawns or small grounds. The branches are slender, and fall gracefully to the ground, and the flow- ers are rose-colored, appearing before the leaves. Undoubtedly one of the finest weep- ing trees. ELM— Ulmus Camperdown — (Pendula) — Grafted six or i eight feet high, this forms one of the most picturesque drooping trees. It is of rank growth, the shoots often making a zigzag growth outward and downward of several feet in a single season. The leaves are large, dark green and glossy, and cover the tree with a luxuriant mass of verdure. MOUNTAIN ASH— Sorbus Weeping — (Aueuparia pendula) — The branches of this distinct variety are of a straggling, pendent character, turning and twisting in all directions and producing a very pleasing effect. Covered during the autumn with bright red berries. MULBERRY— Morns Tea’s Weeping — The most graceful and hardy Weeping tree in existence. Wholly unlike anything heretofore introduced. 42 i FEDERAL NURSERIES, INC., ROCHESTER, N. Y. * WEEPING POPLAR Weeping Poplar— (Popular Tremuloides Pendula) — Splendid weeping tree of recent introduction and a rapid grower. Although grafted on standard stems six to seven feet high, its branches grow to the ground in a single season. To form the tree into an umbrella shape, cut back all of the previous season’s growth. WILLOW— Salix Babylonica — Our common, well known weeping variety; forms a large, round- headed, graceful tree; requires plenty of room, and where space can be spared, is quite desirable. Kilmarnock — (Caprea pendula) — A dis- tinct variety, having reddish shoots and large, glossy foliage; grafted at a proper height, about four feet from the ground, it makes a very desirable small lawn tree, having a perfect umbrella-shaped head, with the branches drooping gracefully to the ground. It is well suited for planting in cemetery lots or small enclosures. Ex- tensively planted, and should be in every collection of ornamental shrubbery. Hardy and of vigorous growth. EVERGREENS— Coniferae 1 - "■ 1 WE ADVISE SPRING DELIVERY ONLY WE PLACE NO GUARANTEE ON EVERGREENS They carry more than the ordinary risk in shipping and transplanting. ARBOR VITAE— Thuya American Arbor Vitae — A native tree of extreme beauty. Known as the white cedar; especially valuable for hedges. Pyramidal Arbor Vitae — Grows upright with compact habit. Very desirable. Siberian Arbor Vitae — Claimed to be the best. Exceedingly hardy, grows compact and pyramidal, keeping its color all winter. Extra fine for hedges or screens. FIR — Abies Balsam Fir — Erect, pyramidal tree with dark green sombre foliage. Grows rapidly and is very hardy. A pretty tree for lawns, cemeteries, parks, etc. HEMLOCK— Tsuga Hemlock Spruce — A beautiful and grace- ful native tree with drooping branches and dark delicate foliage of green. It makes a fine lawn tree or ornamental hedge. JUNIPE R— J uniper us Irish Juniper — A distinct and beautiful variety, erect and dense. Resembles a pil- low of green. Very fine. Juniper Virginiana (Red Cedar). Red Cedar — A well-known American tree, with deep-green foliage; makes a fine ornamental hedge plant. SPRUCE— Picea White Spruce — A native tree of medium size and of pyramidal form. Foliage silver gray and light colored bark. Leaves needle- shaped. Hardy. Norway Spruce — An elegant tree; ex- tremely hardy, of lofty, rapid growth and pyramidal form. The branches assume a graceful, drooping habit when the tree at- tains 15 to 20 feet in height. One of the most popular evergreens for planting, either as single specimen trees, or in masses for effect or shelter. It is one of the best evergreen hedge plants. A European tree. Colorado Blue Spruce — One of the hardi- est and most beautiful of all the Spruces; in form and habit similar to the White Spruce; foliage of a rich blue or sage color. Colorado Spruce 43 FEDERAL NURSERIES, INC., ROCHESTER, N. Y. PINE — Pinus Austrian or Black Pine — Tree remarkably robust, hardy and spreading; leaves long, stiff and dark green; growth rapid. The most valuable for this country. YEW-— Taxus Canadian Yew D. — A native Yew of low spreading habit; quite hardy. Japanese Yew — One of the hardiest; habit spreading; foliage light green. ftr - - ■ - - ■ HEDGING y ■ - = - = — -- ==^ To secure a good hedge it is necessary to plant well. Dig a wide, deep trench, and work the soil thoroughly into the roots. Stamp the ground firmly so that each plant will be set as solidly as a post, then much heavily with loose manure for a distance of one to two feet on either side, according to the size of the plants. This is especially necessary with Evergreens, and all exposure of the roots to the sun and air must be strictly avoided. Evergreens should not be planted in the Fall. HONEY LOCUST Very hardy and the cheapest and the best for defensive hedges; also very ornamental. JAPAN QUINCE Unquestionably the finest of all plants for an ornamental Irish Juniper hedge. Grows very compact; will submit to any amount •of pruning, while the brilliant and showy scarlet flowers make it very attractive. 0SAGE ORANGE Highly esteemed at the West and South. Not hardy enough for the Northern States. PRIVET— Ligstrum California — (Ovalifolium) — This is the most glossy-leaved and rapid growing of all the half-evergreen plants used for low hedges around private lawns, and is the uni- versal favorite at Newport and other fash- ionable seaside resorts. Amoor River — A distinct type which has been hardy in the North. Foliage and habit of growth almost identical with the variety grown in the South. Flowers white, fruit black. The following are also very desirable for ornamental hedging, description of which will be found under the proper headings in this catalogue: Altheas, Barberry, Honeysuckle, Tartar- ian, Hydrangea Paniculata, Roses, Spireas. EVERGREEN HEDGE PLANTS All described in their appropriate places in this catalogue: Arbor Vitae, American; Arbor Vitae, Siberian; Hemlock Spruce; Norway Spruce California Privet (especially adapted for wind-breaks). 44 FEDERAL NURSERIES, INC., ROCHESTER, N. Y. mm Flowering Trailing SHRUBS 312 Evergreen Climbing Those who desire flowers about their home lawn and garden during the summer — blooming from April to October — may select from the following list. The varieties flower in the order named. APRIL — Dephne mezereum. MAY — Forsythia in variety, Japan Quince, Prunus Pissardi, Prunus triloba, Almond, Spirea prunifolia flore pleno, Lilacs, Spirea Van Houttei, Ciburnus lantana, Ma- honia, Honeysuckle, Wistaria. JUNE — Deutzia gracilis, Deutzia Lemoineii, Spirea lanceolata, Viburnum opulus, Wei- gela, Cornus alba, Lilac Japonica, Hydrangea arborescens grandiflora alba, Syringa, Rhododendrons, Paeonies Herbaceous, Clematis, Jackmanni, Elder, Deutzia, Pride of Rochester. JULY — Spirea Billardii, Spirea Anthony Waterer. AUGUST AND SEPTEMBER — Althea, Hydrangea paniculata grandiflora, Clematis paniculata. The following shrubs will grow well in shady places: Barberry, Box, Ceanothus, Cornus, Deutzia, Forsythia, Honeysuckle, Kalmia, Mahonia, Myrtle, Privet, Rhododen- dron, Rhus, the Virburnums, Yew. ALMOND — -Amygdalus Double Rose Flowering — (Japon- ica rubra fl. pi.) — A beautiful small shrub, bearing in May, before the leaves appear; small, double, rose-like flowers, closely set upon the twigs. Double White Flowering — (Japon- ica alba fl. pi.) — Produces beautiful white flowers in May. ALTHEA OR ROSE OF SHARON These are fine, hardy, free-growing and flowering shrubs, blooming in Au- gust and September, when few plants are in blossom. They attain a height of 6 to 10 feet. Double Pink. Double Red — (Rubra flore pleno). Double Purple — (Purpurea flore pleno). Double White— (Alba flore pleno). Almond, Double Flowering ANGELICA TREE — Aralia Spinosa A pretty Japanese shrub, of medium size and rapid growth; branches furnished with spines; leaves pale green. BERBERIS — Barberry The Barberries are a most interesting family of shrubs, varying in size from 2 to 6 feet high, rich in variety of leaf, flower and habit. The oranga and yellow flowers in May or June are succeeded by bright and vari-colored fruit; very ornamental in the fall. Thunberg’s Barberry — From Japan. A pretty species, of dwarf habit, small foliage, changing to a beautiful coppery red in au- tumn. Valuable as an ornamental hedge. 45 FEDERAL NURSERIES, INC., ROCHESTER, N. Y. Thunberg’s Barberry CLETHRA Alnifolia — (W h i t e Alder) — A native shrub of low and dense growth; leaves abundant and light green; has numerous spikes of small, white fragrant flowers. Blooms abundantly in July. DOGWOOD — Cornus Red-branched Dogwood — Very ornamental in winter while the bark is blood red. Elegantissima Variegata — A variegated shrub of rapid growth with broad leaves with white margins. Bark red in winter. DEUTZIA — Deutzia Their hardihood, fine habit, luxuriant foliage, and profusion of attractive flowers, render the Deutzia among the most beautiful and deservedly the most popular of flowering shrubs. Crenata. — (Double-flowered Deutzia) — Flowers double white, tinged with rose. One of the most desirable flowering shrubs. Lemoineii. — A hybrid obtained by cross- ing the well-known Deutzia fracilis with Deutzia parviflora. Flowers pure white, bordering on stout branches, which are of upright growth. Habit, dwarf and free- flowering. Gracilis. — (Slender-branched) — A charm- ing species of dwarf habit. Flowers pure white. Fine for pot culture, as it flowers freely in a low temperature. The first to flower, about the middle of June. £4 Butterfly Bush, or Summer Lilac — (Bud- dleya Variabilis Magnifica)— The name But- terfly Bush was applied to it because it seems to attract butterflies in large num- bers. This shrub from a young plant set out either in the spring or fall, will mature to full size the first summer, producing a handsome bush, which the first year often maintains a height of four feet. It pro- duces long, graceful stems, which termin- ate in tapering panicles of beautiful lilac- colored flowers. A single plant the first season will throw out as many as 50 flower spikes, which increase greatly in number during the succeeding years. Flowers in June and continues each season until the frosts nip it. The foliage and blooms are exceedingly fine. Is semi-herbaceous. We recommend covering the roots with manure, leaves or other suitable material as winter approaches, as this will produce a heavy growth the following season. CALYCANTHUS OR SWEET- SCENTED SHRUB The Calycanthus is one of the most de- sirable shrubs. The wood is fragrant, foli- age rich, flowers of a chocolate color, hav- ing an agreeable odor. They blossom in June and at intervals afterwards. Well named “Pride of Roch- ester.” Excels in many ways. Deutzia — Pride of Rochester Flowers Make Home Grounds Pleasant 46 FEDERAL NURSERIES, INC., ROCHESTER, N. Y. Pride of Rochester.— A variety producing large double white flowers, the back of the petals being slightly tinted with rose. It excels all the older sorts in size of flower, length of panicle, profuseness of bloom and vigorous habit; blooms nearly a week earlier than Deutzia crenata flore pleno. ELDER— Sambucus (Elderberry) Common American Elder. — Broad pani- cles of white flowers in June; reddish pur- ple berries in autumn. A well-known na- tive shrub. Fruit fine for pies and makes an excellent drink. Cut-leaved American Elder. — A beautiful variety, with deeply and delicately cut dark green foliage. It is valuable on account of its beauty, hardiness, and rapid growth, and the ease with which it is transplanted. We consider it one of the best cut-leaved shrubs in cultivation. Golden.- — (Aurea) — A beautiful variety with light yellow leaves, which hold their color. EUONYMUS Burning Bush or Strawberry Tree. — A vei^r ornamental and showy bush, whose chief beauty consists in its brilliant berries, which hang in clusters from the branches until mid-winter; berries, rose-colored; planted with a background of Evergreens, the effect of contrast is very fine. ELEAGNUS LONGIPES A well-known shrub of spreading habit, dark green foliage, silver-white beneath, with yellow flowers and bright red fruit that is beautiful as an ornament on the bush and is esteemed very highly by many for use in place of cranberries. Hydrangea Hydrangea Paniculata Grandiflora FRINGE— Rhus Purple Fringe, or Smoke Tree. — (Rhus Cotinus) — A small tree or shrub, very much admired on account of its peculiar fringe or hair-like flowers, covering the whole sur- face of the bush in mid-summer. White — (Chionanthus Virginica) — One of the finest shrubs with large leaves and racemes of delicate fringe-like greenish white flowers, in May and June. GOLDEN BELL— Forsyth ia These are pretty shrubs of medium size. All na- tives of China and Japan. The flowers are drooping, yellow, and appear very early in spring before the leaves. The best very early flowering shrubs. Fortune’s Forsythia. — Growth upright, foliage deep green, flowers bright yellow. Viridissima. — A fine hardy shrub. Leaves and bark deep green, flowers deep yellow, very early in spring. HALESIA Halesia (Snow Drop Tree). — Silver Bell. A beautiful large shrub with handsome white bell-shaped flowers in May. Very desirable. HONEYSUCKLE, UPRIGHT— Lonicera The following species and varieties are of erect, shrubby habit, and form beautiful specimens when properly trimmed. Pink Tartarian. — A well-known old-fash- ioned sort which blooms in May. Slender and upright branches, with small bright pink flowers followed by red or orange yel- low berries. White Tartarian. — Same as the Red Tar- tarian, except in its beautiful white flowers, for reason of which it is fine for planting with other varieties for contrast. 47 FEDERAL NURSERIES, INC., ROCHESTER, N. Y. A Brick Walk to a Residence can be Artistically Bordered with Spirea, Iris, Hydrangea and Lilacs HYDRANGEA Beautiful free flowering shrubs, bearing immense panicles or trusses of flowers. Paniculata and Arbor- escens are hardy and require no protection ; the other varieties require protection in winter and should be grown in pots or boxes and wintered in the cellar. Arborescens Grandiflora Alba. — (Hills of Snow) — This hardy American shrub is the very finest addition to this class of plants found in many a year. The blooms are of the very largest size, of pure snow-white color, and the foliage is finely finished, lack- ing' entirely the coarseness found in Hydran- gea paniculata grandiflora. One of its most valuable characteristics is its coming into bloom just after the passing of all the early spring shrubs. Perfectly hardy, standing 20 degrees below zero. The fo.rm of the panicle is much like that of Hydran- gea Hortensia. Otaksa. — A splendid variety from Japan. Flowers large, bright pin, tinted with blue; produced very freely. Not hardy. Paniculata Grandiflora. — This is one of the most valuable hardy shrubs. It attains a height of three or four feet, and is per- fectly hardy in all parts of the country. The flowers are white, borne in immense panicles nearly a foot in length. It commences flow- ering in July and continues until November. The plant should be cut back every spring at least one-half of last season’s growth, as the flowers are borne on new wood and are much finer when the plant is treated this way. KERRIA — Corchorus Japonica. — (Japan Corchorus) — A slender green-branched shrub, with globular, yellow flowers from July to October. Flore Pleno — (Double-flowered Corcho- rus)— Of medium size; double yellow flow- ers. LILAC — Syrlnga Well-known, beautiful shrubs, indispensable in every collection. They flower in May. Charles X. — Reddish purple. Frau Dammann. — This is the best white lilac grown. The panicle or truss is im- mense, flowers of medium size and pure white. This and Ludwig Spaeth are the two best lilacs of recent introduction. Ludwig Spaeth. — New, and believed to be the finest of its class. Color purplish red. A great acquisition. Large Flowering White. — (Alba Grandi- flora)— Very large; pure white tufts of flowers. Marie Le Graye. — A free grower, pro- ducing magnificent large trusses of purest white flowers, which are very fragrant and showy. Highly recommended as perhaps the best of the white lilacs. Madame Lemoine. — New and very prom- ising. Flower double white. Persian, Purple. — Foliage resembles the Privet more than the lilac. Flowers are most abundant. SNOWBALL— Viburnum Common (Op. Sterilis) — A large-sized shrub, with globular clusters of pure white, sterile. Flowers the latter part of May. Japan. — (Virburnum Plicatum) — A rare and exceedingly beautiful species from Japan, surpassing the Common Snowball in many respects, as its habit is much better, foliage much handsomer, flowers whiter and more delicate. Very valuable. 48 FEDERAL NURSERIES, INC., ROCHESTER, N. Y. Jap. Snowball Opulus.- — (High Bush Cranberry) — Flow- ers in large, flat heads in latter part of May, followed by brilliant scarlet fruit in showy pendulous branches that remain on the plant all winter. SNOWBERRY — Symphoricarpus Racemosus. — A well-known shrub with pink flowers and large white berries that remain on the plant through part of the winter. Vulgaris. — (Indian Currant. Coral berry) — Graceful, small shrub, small flowers fol- lowed by persistent deep-red berries along the under side of branches. PLUM — Prunus Double-flowered. — ( Prunus Triloba ) — N a- tive of China. A highly interesting and de- sirable addition to hardy shrubs ; flowers double, of a delicate pink, upwards of an inch in diameter, thickly set on the long, slender branches; flowers in May. QUINCE— Cydonia There are several flowering varieties, differing only in their color. Although of straggling growth, they can be pruned to desirable shapes without injury. Their large brilliant blossoms appear early in the spring in great profusion. Foliage bright green and glossy all through the summer. It is sufficiently thorny and strong to make a valuable hedge, and its beautiful flowers make it very handsome for that purpose. Scarlet. — (Japonica) — One of the best known, and a very handsome, hardy shrub. SPIRAEA The Spiraes are all elegant, low shrubs, of the easiest culture, and their blooming extends over a period of three months. Anthony Waterer. — A beautiful variety with broad heads of deep pink flowers. Grows two to three feet high, making a shapely bush. Blooms almost continuously from June throughout the season. Dillard’s Spirea. — Rose colored. Blooms nearly all summer. Callosa Alba. — A white flowering variety of dwarf habit; remains in flower all sum- mer. FEDERAL NURSERIES, INC., ROCHESTER, N. Y. Mock Orange SYRINGA OR MOCK ORANGE — Philadelphia The Syringa is of vigorous habit, very hardy, with large, handsome foliage, and white flowers, produced in the greatest profusion at the blossoming season. Most of the varieties, except those of dwarf habit, form large sized shrubs. They can be kept smaller by pruning. The dwarf sorts are such pretty, com- pact plants as to be very useful where small shrubs are desired. Coronarius (Common Syringa). — Pure white, highly scented flowers. One of the first to flower. Golden-leaved Syringa. — This is a very pretty, medium size plant, with golden yel- low foliage. It keeps its color the entire season; valuable for striking contrasts with purple-leaved shrubs. TAMARIX This is a hardy shrub, with small leaves, similar to the Juniper; the flower is small and delicate and borne in spikes; does well by the seaside, where other plants cannot live. WEIGELA — Diervilla Very desirable, hardy, easily grown and great bloomers. As these shrubs grow older they gradually spread and droop; flower in June and July; in borders and groups of trees they are very effective; bloom after lilacs in June. The following are the most desirable varieties : Amabilis. — Of robust habit, large foliage and pink flowers, blooms freely in the au- tumn; distinct and beautiful. Candida — Of vigorous habit, an erect grower; flowers pure white and produced in great profusion in June, and the plants con- tinue to bloom throughout the summer, even until autumn. Prunifolia, or Bridal Wreath. — Very de- sirable, having double, daisy-like flowers of pure white in the greatest profusion. Very hardy and in every way desirable, as it keeps in flower a long time. Reevesii. — A charming shrub, with nar- row, pointed leaves, and large round clus- ters of white flowers that cover the whole plant. Thunberg’s Spiraea. — Of dwarf habit and rounded, graceful form; branches slender and somewhat drooping; foliage narrow and yellowish green; flowers small, white, ap- pearing early in spring, being one of the first Spiraeas to flower. Van Houtte. — Without doubt the finest variety in the collection. At the flowering season in May and early June the plant is covered with a mass of large, white flowers, presenting a beautiful appearance. Very hardy. SUMAC— Rhus Cut-leaved Sumach. — A very striking plant, of moderate size, with deeply cut leaves, resembling fern leaves; dark green above and glaucous below, and turning to a rich red in autumn. Staghorn Sumach. — A large shrub or tree, brilliant foliage and scarlet fruit in au- tumn. W ei gela — Candida 50 FEDERAL NURSERIES, INC., ROCHESTER, N. Y. Floribunda. — (Crimson Weigela) — The flowers are dark crimson, with white sta- mens projecting from them, reminding one somewhat of Fuschia flowers. It blooms in the spring. Rosea. — An elegant shrub, with fine rose- colored flowers; of erect, compact growth; blossoms in June. Variegated-leaved. — Of dwarf habit, and possessing clearly defined silvery varie- gated leaves ; flowers nearly white. It stands the sun well, and is one of the best dwarf variegated-leaved shrubs. Eva Rathke. — A charming new Weigela; flowers, a bright crimson. Very choice. CLIMBING VINES AMPELOPSIS Engelmanni. — Similar to Quinquefolia. A good climber, growing from six to ten feet in a season. Quinquefolia, American Ivy, Virginia Creeper or Woodbine. — Has beautiful digi- tate leaves that become rich crimson in autumn. A very rapid grower. Like the ivy, it throws out roots at the joints, by which it fastens itself to anything it touches. Veitchii, or Japan Ivy (Boston Ivy). — Leaves smaller than those of the American, and overlap one another, forming a dense sheet of green. The plant is a little tender while young, and requires protection the first winter; but once established, there is Clematis — Henryii no further risk. It grows rapidly and clings to the wall or fence with the tenacity of ivy; the foliage is very handsome in sum- mer, and changes to crimson scarlet in autumn. For covering walls, stumps, trees and rockeries, etc. BIGNONIA, OR TRUMPET FLOWER A vigorous and hardy climber, with clusters of scarlet trumpet-shaped flowers in August. THE EVERGREEN BITTERSWEET Climbing Euonymus Radicans Vegetus Beautiful Year Around. Particularly adapted to cover garden walls, old stumps or embankments with any exposure, but the fruiting is best when the plants receive the warm sun; the plants are strong, robust climbers and in fall and win- ter bear a profusion of bright red berries. The vine is covered the whole year with green foliage, and absolutely holds the color even in the hottest summer or the coldest winter. The vines show many clusters of bright red berries that carry them through the winter months. FEDERAL NURSERIES, INC., ROCHESTER, N. Y. CLEMATIS Mme. Edward Andre.— A vivid crimson flower, large side and borne as freely as the Jackmanni. The habit is vigorous and the plant is popular on account of its excep- tional brilliancy and persistency as a bloomer. Paniculata. — A sweet-scented Japan Clematis. This variety is now quite gen- erally planted throughout the country. It is a vine of very rapid growth, quickly cov- ering trellis and arbors with handsome, clean, glossy green foliage. The flowers are of medium size, pure white, borne in im- mense sheets and of a most delicious and penetrating fragrance. Coccinea. — Very hardy; bears thick, bell- shaped flowers, bright red coral; blooms very profusely during June and until frost. One of the best of the older sorts. Valuable for foliage,, being a peculiar green and elegantly cut and variegated. Duchess of Edinburgh. — A double pure white variety which is very popular; re- quires some protection; deliciously scented. Henryi. — One of the best perpetual Hy- brids; of robust habit and a very free bloomer. Flowers white, large and very showy. Jackmanni. — One of the most popular varieties, a free grower and abundant and successful bloomer, producing flowers until frozen up. Color an intense violet purple, remarkable for its velvety richness. Ramona.— This magnificent new Clematis is an American seedling, and consequently extremely hardy. The Ramona is a strong, rampant grower, fully three times as strong as the Jackmanni, often growing ten or twelve feet the first season. It is a per- petual bloomer, giving an abundance of flowers through the season. In color it is a very deep sky-blue. Matrimony Vine Chinest Purple Wisteria HONEYSUCKLE— Lonicera Monthly Fragrant, or Dutch Honeysuckle. — Blooms all summer. Red and yellow, very fragrant flowers. Hall’s Japan Honeysuckle. — A strong, vigorous, almost evergreen sort, with pure white flowers, changing to yellow. Very fragrant, and covered with flowers from July to December; holds its leaves till January. The best bloomer of all. Scarlet Trumpet Honeysuckle.— A strong, rapid grower, and produces scarlet inodor- ous flowers. MATRIMONY VINE— Lycium Chinese. — A superb variety, which has been a favorite for many years. It is a most vigorous, hardy climber in any posi- tion. It continues flowering, and new ber- eries remain on the vine until late into the winter. WISTERIA Chinese Purple Wisteria. — One of the most elegant and rapid growing of all climbing plants; attains an immense size, growing at the rate of 15 to 20 feet in a season. Has long, pendulous clusters of pale blue flowers in Many and June and in autumn. Chinese White Wisteria. — Pure white flowers; beautiful. 52 FEDERAL NURSERIES, INC., ROCHESTER, N. Y. EVERGREEN SHRUBS — -- - : Beautify your home by planting shrubs, vines and flowers. The property increases i in value and in case you desire to sell you 1 can realize a large percentage on the in- vestment. MAHONIA Holley -leaved (Aquifolium). — A beautiful Holly-like shrub, with showy, golden yellow flowers and purplish leaves. Very orna- mental. MOUNTAIN LAUREL— Kalmia Latifolia. — Broad, glossy-green, shining foliage, flowers in large and showy clusters of elegant shape, and most beautifully colored. Few broad-leaved evergreens are as beautiful in foliage, and none can excel the beauty and delicate form of its flowers. RHODODENDRON Maximum, white to light pink. Caro- linianum, coral light rose.. Catawbiense, reddish purple. HARDY PERENNIALS I - AMERICAN SENNA (Cassia Marilandica) Perennial, glabrous or nearly so, stems nearly simple; leaflets 6-10 pairs, oblong or lance-oblong and entire, short-acuminate or nearly obtuse; flowers in axillary racemes near the tops of the stems and often ap- pearing as if panicled, bright yellow, wide open. Grows 3 to 4 feet high and has at- tractive light green foliage. This is a very desirable, hardy perennial. It has pleasing light Nile green foliage right from the ground up with large panicles of bright yellow curiously shaped flowers in abundant axillary clusters from July to August. We have used it in prominent places during the past year. It reaches perfection the first season. This plant delights in a sunny exposure. While it grows wild in some parts of the country, it is something that is very little known and when more widely planted we believe it will become very pop- ular, as it does remarkably well with little or no care. It transplants with absolute certainty and is most desirable in beds, bor- ders, about walls of houses and other build- ings and makes a beautiful light, feathery hedge or dividing line between lawns, gar- dens or other places where something com- paratively low is wanted during the Sum- mer season. ‘ 53 ANCHUSA Dropmore. — This is the most important hardy border plant introduced in many years. The best blue flowered plant we have. It is hardy, growing to a height of 3Vz feet, making a bushy plant which is literally covered with pure blue flowers one inch in diameter, and is then a paragon of beauty. ANEMONE— Wind Flower Japonica. — A distinct and beautiful species; flowers 2x/z inches in diameter; bright purplish rose, with golden yellow centers, borne in great profusion from Sep- tember to November. Height 2% feet; habit neat and compact; very desirable and effective as a pot plant, and in lines or masses, in beds or mixed borders. Queen Charlotte. — A new variety produc- ing double rose colored flowers in great pro- fusion in the autumn. Very valuable. Whirlwind. — A variety producing double white flowers in great profusion in the autumn. One of the finest fall-flowering. White. — A distinct and beautiful variety of the Japonica; flowers 2x/z inches diam- eter; pure white, center golden yellow, borne in great profusion from September to November; effective as a pot plant, and in lines or masses, in beds or mixed borders. FEDERAL NURSERIES, INC., ROCHESTER, N. Y. AQUILEGIA — Columbine Long spurred mixed Hybrids, a choice strain. 2 to 3 ft. June and July. BLUE BIRD FLOWER Veronica longifolia subsessilis) . — Is des- tined to create as much furor in the floral world as did the Golden Glow. Aside from Larkspur, some varieties of Altheas and Perennials, there are few true Blue Flow- ered Plants. The Blue Bird Flower is the handsomest blue flowered plant we know of, growing to a height of two feet and com- pletely studded with its spikes of blue flowers, that at a distance resemble blue birds perched in the foliage. Its flowers are fine for cutting. It makes the ideal and very best blue flowered hardy border plant obtainable. CHRYSANTHEMUMS The small flowered, hardy Chrysanthemum is the only variety we offer. We can supply them in pink, red, rose, white and yellow. COREOPSIS Lanceolata — One of the best perennials in cultivation with large, lemon yellow flowers on long stems; all summer. Two to three feet. Grandiflora — A free flowering, desirable species, with rich golden yellow flowers in profusion; early summer until fall; eighteen inches. DAISY Shasta. — Probably no hardy plant has been so highly spoken of in the American Horticultural Press as this production of Luther Burbank, the result of crossing our native field Daisy with some of the choicer European varieties, and bearing beautiful clear glistening white flowers, and bloom continuously from early summer until late fall. DELPHINIUM — Larkspur A remarkably showy class of tall growing plants, producing magnificent spikes of blue flowers in summer. We know of no plants which wild afford greater satisfaction than these. DIANTHUS Barbatus (Sweet William) — Flowers in various colors, in flat heads. An old favorite. DIELYTRA (Bleeding Heart) — Rosy,- heart-shaped flowers hanging in great profusion from a graceful curved stem. May and June. DIGITALIS— Fox Glove Flowers purple, yellowish or white, in long terminal racemes; two to three feet. June to August. EULALIA These beautiful hardy grasses are deserving of the highest commendation. For the garden they are in- valuable, being very showy and ornamental and of easy cultivation. They should be in every collection. Gracillima — A beautiful ornamental grass with narrow graceful foliage. Very valu- j able; four feet. Japonica — A vigorous grower with large plumes; four feet. Variegata — Handsomely variegated leaves ; four feet. Zebrina (Zebra-striped Eulalia) — One of the most beautiful or ornamental grasses; foliage marked crosswise with bands of ; white and green. FUNKIA— Plantain Lily Undulata Var — (Dav Lily) — One of the easiest plants to manage, doing well either in shady or very sunny places. Foliage i variegated green and white, purple lily-like flowers. GAILLARDIA— Blanket Flower Grandiflora — One of the most effective and showiest hardy flowering plants, with gorgeous flowers of bright yellow and i orange, with deep crimson centers; bloom- i ing from early summer until late autumn. | GOLDEN GLOW OR SUMMER CHRYSANTHEMUM Laciniata fl. pi. — A large, showy plant, attaining in good soil a height of six to eight feet the same season planted. Flowers 3% inches in diameter, double, well formed, and of deep golden yellow color, resembling yel- low chrysanthemums, and borne on long stems which render them suitable for cut- ting. Plants bloom from July till Septem- ber. Japan Iris 54 FEDERAL NURSERIES, INC., ROCHESTER, N. Y. Gyposphila Paniculata (Baby’s Breath) — 2 to 3 feet. White. July and August. Fine for dried flower bouquets, especially when used in connection with Chinese Lantern pods. Stems should be cut before the flow- ers are too far advanced and hung upside down until dried. HIBISCUS— Rose Mallow The Hibscus are valuable border plants, having handsome broad leaves and large showy blossoms. Albus (Crimson Eye) — Large, showy, white flowers, crimson eye, blooming in August four to five feet. HOLLYHOCK A fine collection of colors. IRIS — Fleur de Lis Germanica (German Iris) — These are among the most desirable early spring flowering plants. Flowers are large and of the most exquisite coloring. Every garden #nd border should have a liberal planting of these beautiful plants, of which we have the following colors: Blue, lavender , maroon, purple, white and yellow. Kaempferi (Japan Iris) — Flowers differ from the German Iris, in being broad and flat. They exhibit a wonderful variety of colors and shades and appear later than the others. They rank among the most desir- able of hardy plants; succeed best in a moist soil; three to four feet. July. PAP AVER— Poppy Showy perennials with large flowers of rich and striking colors. Orientale — Deep scarlet; large; very showy; eighteen inches. June. PAEONIES “The King of Flowers” The Paeonia is a noble flower and is being planted very extensively of late years. It was always popular. The new and choice varieties introduced of late years almost rival the rose in beauty and fragrance. The Paeonia can be planted either in the fall or spring. If planted in the fall they flower earlier in the season, on account of being well established. They require no pro- tection, come up every season, can be left in the ground indefinitely, and will thrive in any soil. They prefer a sunny position and respond promptly to good treatment. Couronne d’Or. — This is the famous Crown of Gold. Snow-white reflecting golden yellow stamens. Extra fine. Due de Wellington. — One of the largest of white Paeonies. A grand cut flower variety, having fine stems. Try it. Paeonia Festiva Maxima Duchess De Nemours. — Bloom . several days after Festiva Maxima. Cup-shaped, sulphur white blooms. Fine for cut flowers. Edulis-Superba. — Color a beautiful, bright clear-pink with silvery reflex. Francis Ortegat. — Deep crimson. Festiva Maxima (Miellez, 1851). — For enormous size combined with wondrous beauty this variety has stood unsurpassed for over sixty years. Pure paper white flaked with purplish carmine on some of the center petals. Early, very fragrant, rose type bloom. Of vigorous growth, with very long, heavy stems. Marechal Vaillant (Calot, 1867) — Blood red, one of the largest, of fine form; fra- grant; a good keeper; strong, rather spread- ing growth ; a very showy flower. Rose type; very late. Madam De Verneville. — One of the most charming varieties on the market. We have counted sixty-five large, perfect blooms on one plant open at the same time, fine cut-flower variety. Marie Lemoine. — Color, Ivory-white. Blooms of gigantic size. Fine cut-flower variety. Comes after Festiva Maxima and is as fine as that standard sort. We can supply fifteen thousand Marie Lemoine at popular prices, guaranteeing every plant true to name. Meissonier. — Very brilliant crimson or reddish-purple. In some cut-flower mar- kets known as the American Beauty Peony on account of its resemblance in color to the Rose of that name; good cut-flower varity. Mid-season. 55 FEDERAL NURSERIES, INC., ROCHESTER, N. Y. Monsieur Dupont. — Semi-rose type, mid- season. Very large, well built, cup-shaped bloom, ivory-white, center petals bordered with tracing of lively carmine and lit up with golden stamens at base of petals. A truly royal flower. A great cut-flower Faeonie. (PHYSALIS FRANCHETI) Also Called CHINESE LANTERN PLANT “Without doubt the most attractive and valuable hardy plant introduced in many years. A novelty of sterling merit intro- duced from Japan by the English horticul- turist, Mr. James H. Veitch, this alone being a sufficient guarantee of its excellence. It is a gigantic species of the showy Winter Cherry and is of the easiest possible cul- ture. It is of sturdy, upright habit and grows from IV2 to 2 feet high and is per- fectly hardy. It is also highly appreciated as a winter house plant, grown in pots or boxes, and in the spring it can be trans- ferred to the open ground. It blooms early and produces the first season a large num- ber of balloon-like husks 2 to 3 inches across. These first appear light green, then gradually change to bright yellow and final- ly to orange scarlet. At this period they resemble miniature lighted Chinese lanterns, hence the name.” PHLOX One of the finest autumn flowers. It is of vigorous habit, easy culture, and produces in great profusion during a long season ; flowers of fine form and su - stance, and of bright and varied colors. As regards their culture they succeed in any good garden soil, but they are greatly improved by being liberally manured, and an occasional supply of liquid manure during the growing season will greatly increase the size of their trusses. When in flower they should be watered freely every evening. The Phlox usually flowers in July and August. The best time to plant them is in the autumn. Aguillon. — Deep rose, carmine center; fine. Amabalis (Carand Ache) — Deep cherry. Coquelicot — Scarlet crimson; the best red Phlox. Eclaireaur — Bright carmine rose; large flowers. Eiffel Tower — A new variety of the clear- est salmon with purple eye. There is at present nothing equal to it in Phlox. General Van Heutz — Brilliant salmon-red with white center. Very large heads, free bloomer, extra fine, medium height. Jeanne d’Arc — Pure white, large flower- ing variety, very late; tall. King of Purple — Deep glowing purple; extra fine. Lothair — Salmon; crimson eye. Phlox Miss Lingard — Fine white, free bloomer, begins flowering after the middle of June and continues throughout the season. Pantheon — Flowers large, beautiful; pink, salmon, rose; fine. Purity — Pure white, large trusses; the best white. Richard Wallace — White; rosy center. Rynstrom — A great improvement on the popular variety Pantheon; of the same carmine-rose color as Paul Neyron rose. RUDBECKIA Purpurea (Giant Cone Flower) — 3 ft. Purple. July to October. TRADESCANTIA Virginica — (Spider-wort) — 18 inch. Blue. Does well in partly shaded places. June. TRITOMA— Red Hot Poker Pfitzerii — (The Ever-blooming Flame Flower) — The freest flowering variety in cultivation, with spikes from 3 to 4 feet high and heads of bloom over 12 inches long, of a rich orange scarlet; needs protection in winter. YUCCA — Spanish Bayonet Filamentosa — (Adam’s Needle) — Thread- leaved creamy white; three to four feet. July. 56 FEDERAL NURSERIES, INC., ROCHESTER, N. Y. 6. - ~~ -■ — ~jj Bulbs and Tuberous Rooted Plants CANNA. (Spring Planting) Stately and highly ornamental plants, for both flowers and foliage. They attain a height of 2 to 5 feet, and may be grown single or in masses. Leaves green or brown- ish red; flowers scarlet, crimson, yellow, cream, etc., variously marked. CROCUS. (Fall Planting) An universal favorite and one of the earliest garden ornaments; should be planted about 2 inches deep. Colors, blue, white, yellow and striped. DAHLIAS. (Spring Planting) There is nothing that, with the same amount of money invested, will give more show of flowers than Dahlias. We offer dry bulbs or tubers. GLADIOLUS. (Spring Planting) The gladiolus is the most attractive of all the summer flowering bulbs, and deserves a place in every garden, as it is sure to flower and do well with very little care. Set the bulbs from 6 to 9 inches apart, and about 4 inches deep. Plant from middle of March to first of June. , White and Purple Hyacinths HYACINTHS. (Fall Planting) The most beautiful and fragrant of early spring flowering bulbs, much used for win- ter forcing. Pink, Red, Purple, Violet, White. BEST HARDY LILIES (Fall Planting) No class of plants capable of being cultivated out of doors possesses so many charms; rich and varied in color, stately and handsome in habit, profuse in variety, and of delicious fragrance. They thrive best in dry, rich soil, where water will not stand in winter. After planting they require very little care, and should not be disturbed for several years. Established plants bloom more freely than if taken up annually. Candidum — The old-fashioned pure white garden lily. One of the hardiest. Tiger Lily. — Bright orange scarlet with dark spots ; a strong growing, showy variety, and entirely hardy. Succeeds well every- where. NARCISSUS— Jonquils (Fall Planting) Pretty varieties of the Narcissus, having a very agreeable fragrance ; adapted to either pots or outdoor culture. The bulbs being small, six or eight may be put in a 6-inch pot. 1 IN. 2m 3m. £fi ‘Mt ip*2 ROCU, IN. A PM rt 4m 5m fn LIP 4m. APAR> j Im YACt NTH 6/n Am? - 1 TULIPS. (Fall Planting) Without these bulbs, for one or two months of beautiful spring weather, our gardens would present a bare appearance. We know nothing that for the money in- vested will give a more gorgeous show dur- ing early spring and there is nothing more easily grown than the Tulip. Should be planted in October or November. To aid those unfamiliar with the few cultural directions necessary to insure suc- cess we have prepared the above chart. Bulbs indoors do not require the deep planting indicated in this diagram, there being no danger from frost to guard against. 57 BEST VARIETIES OF ROSES The Rose has rightfully earned for itself the name “Queen of Flowers,” one of the most useful as well as ornamental varieties are the climbers. They are admirably adapted for covering arbors, porches, etc., and bloom profusely. The varieties of Roses which we describe and illustrate are considered to be the leading kinds. They are the ones which the public buy and have given the best satis- faction. We are on the lookout for best new varieties and spare no pains in obtaining them when satisfied of their real merit. When properly planted and cared for, they will give perfect satisfaction and will bloom almost immediately after planting. Many varieties need to be well pruned, which insures an abundant growth of new wood on which the blooms appear. Each class of Roses has growth peculiar to that class; hence, customers should not expect that all varieties will grow alike. Some are dwarf by nature; others slender growing; some j produce low shape bushes; others are upright and vigorous. Those who appreciate the beauties of nature, prize Roses above all other flowers. j Hot house roses are not as hardy as our field-grown. They are slow to grow and hard to keep alive. HOW TO GROW ROSES Soil and Planting — Most varieties may be planted in the fall as well as in the spring. The ground should be well spaded to a depth of from twelve to twenty inches and liber- ally fertilized, as also well drained. Roses on their own roots should be planted just as they stood in the nursery. There is usually a dark earth line to go by — set even with this. Budded or grafted roses must be set so that the junction of stock and graft is two inches below the surface of the soil. As soon as the Roses are received, put the roots of the plants in water, allow- ing them to remain for from six to twelve hours before planting. Pruning and Cultivation. — Practically all varieties of Roses should be cut back from one-third to one-half when planted and it is also advisable to trim the roots a little. Re- move any weak or decayed wood in the top. Varieties which show a vigorous growth may be pruned a little less than others. Many of the Hybrid Perpetual varieties will continue to bloom through the summer, if pruned in July. Stir the soil frequently about the roots. They require all of the nourishment they can possibly get. Good results are sure to follow. Protection — Mulch your Rose bed in au- tumn and for winter protection, cover with evergreen boughs, if possible. A light mulching during the summer is desirable, as it keeps the ground from drying out too rapidly. Insect Remedies — If proper attention is given to soil, planting, watering, etc., and a few simple directions heeded, your Roses will never be seriously troubled with any kind of insects or plant diseases. We find that a strong stream of water from a hose applied once a day, will keep the insects from doing any harm. Where this is im- possible, we would suggest the following remedies, which will usually keep the Roses free from any insects: Boil for ten minutes four ounces of quassi chips in a gallon of soft water. Drain off the chips and add four ounces of whale-oil soap, which should be dissolved in it as it cools. Stir well before using. Apply with I a clean painter’s brush to every leaf and shoot that is infested. After fifteen or i twenty minutes, the plants should be washed ' or syringed with pure water. For mildew, sprinkle lightly with flour of sulphur. For Rose Bugs — Dissolve *4 pound hard soap in two quarts of boiling water, add 1 pint of kerosene oil, and stir violently for from three to five minutes, until the ingredi- ents are thoroughly mixed; then dilute to twice its bulk with water, apply with a spraying syringe, or sprinkle it on the plants with a whisk broom, and repeat as often as i necessary. Rose Caterpillar appears in May, or about I the time the leaves have pushed forth. It can be readily detected, as it glues a leaf or two together to form its shelter. The ■ bushes should be gone over and the glued leaves pinches between the finger and thumb. Saw Fly, larva and other insects later than the caterpillar may be prevented by an occasional syringing, vigorously applied. i When they have appeared a sprinkling of powdered white hellebore over the plants will often destroy and disperse them. The plants should be well moistened before ap- plying the hellebore, so that it will remain. ! The Red Spider seldom attacks the plants in the open air, but confines itself to plants 1 under glass. It may be kept off by daily i syringing the plants with water. When plants are once infested with the insect, the ' fumes of sulphur will alone destroy it. This causes the foliage to drop off, but is the best remedy. FEDERAL NURSERIES, INC., ROCHESTER, N. Y. HYBRID PERPETUAL ROSES This class thrives the best in a rich soil. The pruning should be regulated by the habit of growth, the weak shoots should be closely cut in, those which are vigorous left longer. Most of the varieties are fragrant. Although they are styled perpetual bloomers, they are not such in reality. However, many of them yield a fair second crop of flowers in the autumn, which is very acceptable. Aside from this, there is no class, take it all in all, so popular and which gives such general satisfaction. Alfred Colomb — Brilliant carmine crim- son; very large, full, and of globular form; extremely fragrant, and in every respect a superb sort; foliage large and handsome. One of the most useful of all sorts for gen- eral cultivation. American Beauty — Large, globular; deep pink, shaded with carmine; delicious odor; especially desirable for forcing. Not a de- sirable variety for outdoors. Anne de Diesbach — Carmine, a beautiful shade; very large. A superior garden sort; fragrant; one of the hardiest. Valuable for forcing. Baron de Bonstetten — Rich velvety ma- roon; large, full. A splendid sort. Black Prince — Dark velvety crimson, al- most black. A good grower and most mag- nificent rose. Clio — Flowers large, in clusters, of fine globular form, flesh-color shaded in the cen- ter with rosy pink; growth vigorous; hand- some foliage. One of the best roses. Conrad F. Meyer — This rose has Rugoso blood in its makeup, and is classed as a hybrid. A vigorous grower and free bloomer. Flowers large, double, cup shaped. Color deep, bright, vivid, intense pink with a fragrance of June roses. Coquete des Alps — White, slightly shaded with carmine; form semi-cupper; wood long jointed; large, handsome flowers. The strongest grower of the entire class. Earl of Dufferin — Rich, brilliant, velvety crimson, shaded with dark maroon; large, full, finely formed; delightful fragrance. A vigorous grower. Fisher Holmes — One of the choicest of perpetual roses. Bush is vigorous and pro- duces freely of superb blossoms. Color brilliant carmine crimson. Frau Karl Druschki — (Snow Queen) — Flowers very large, beautiful, pure white. This is the best white Hybrid Perpetual. General Jacqueminot — Brilliant crimson; not full, but large and extremely effective; fragrant, and of excellent hardy habit. John Hopper — Bright rose with carmine- center; large and full. A profuse bloomer and standard sort. Lady Helen Stewart — Bright crimsoir scarlet; large, full, and of perfect form; pro- duced on long, stiff stems, highly perfumed; distinct and fine. A beautiful and valuable- variety. Louis Van Houtte — Crimson, maroon, me- dium size, sometimes large, full. A tender- sort, but very free blooming and altogether the best crimson rose we have. A moderate- grower. Madame Plantier — Pure white, mediunn size, full; flowers produced in great abun- dance early in the season. Magna Charta — Pink, suffused with car- mine, full, globular. Foliage and wood light; green, with numerous dark spines. A fra- grant, excellent rose. Valuable for forcings Madame Gabriel Luizet — Pink, distinct,, very large, cupped-shaped; somewhat fra- grant. One of the choicest. Margaret Dickson — Of magnificent form;: white, with pale flesh center; petals very large; shell shaped, and of great substance; fragrant, a fine variety; foliage very large,, dark green. Baron de Bonstetten 59 FEDERAL NURSERIES, INC., ROCHESTER, N. Y. Paul Neyron Marshall P. Wilder — Of vigorous growth, with healthy foliage; flowers large, semi- globular, full, well formed; color cherry car- mine, very fragrant. It continues to bloom profusely long after the other Hybrid Per- petuals are out of flower. Mrs. John Laing — Soft pink; large and of fine form, produced on strong stems ; ex- ceedingly fragrant; one of the most valu- able varieties for forcing, and flowers con- tinuously in the open ground. Mrs. R. G. Sherman Crawford — Color deep rosy pink, outer petals shaded with pale flesh, white at base of petals; flowers large, of perfect imbricated form, and freely produced, flowering from early summer until late in autumn. Growth vigorous. Paul Neyron — Deep rose color; good tough foliage, wood rather smooth; by far the largest variety in cultivation. A free bloomer; very desirable as a garden rose; valuable for forcing. Prince Camille de Rohan — Deep velvety crimson, the nearest approach to a black rose; large, moderately full. A splendid rose. Soleil d’Or — (Golden Sun) — New. Hardy yellow rose; foliage glossy. Moderate in growth and is sure to be popular. Ulrich Brunner — Brilliant cherry red, a very effective color; flowers of fine form and finish, carried well upon the plant; petals of great substance; plant vigorous, hardy, and resists mildew. One of the best varieties for forcing and open air culture. 60 HYBRID TEAS— Half Hardy The roses included in this section are valued espe- cially for their free and continuous blooming quali- ties which render them particularly useful to plant in beds and groups for the ornamentation of the lawn or to grow in the garden for a supply of cut flowers or decorative purposes. Betty — Coppery rose, shaded golden yel- low, vigorous; very long petals; large flow- ers, fairly full and of splendid form; de- liciously perfumed. Without doubt a ster- ling rose. Gold Medal N. R. S. Columbia — This new rose has proved a universal favorite. It is a strong grower, making long, straight stems. Color a pleas- ing shade of rose-pink. Dean Hole — An intense salmon-pink, with bud of extraordinary length opening into a mammoth bloom of splendid substance. An English gold medal rose. Duchess of Albany, or Red La France — (Hybrid Tea) — Resembling the La France, but is much deeper in color. Is a free bloomer, producing an abundance of lovely buds and flowers throughout the season. Very double and full. Color brilliant, rose pink. Edward Mawley — A very thrifty grower and of good foliage; bloom is large, full, color velvety crimson, marvelous in rich- ness. Etoile de France — The gold medal rose of France. Flowers are large, and borne on long, stiff stems; color a lovely shade of clear red-crimson velvet; very fragrant and keeps well. Francis Scott Key — Named in honor of the writer of the “Star Spangled Banner.” Flowers large to very large, very full and handsomely formed. A most magnificent red rose of easy culture. Awarded Silver Medal. General MacArthur — A rose that is al- ready a fixture in many gardens. The shape is fine, color brilliant glowing crimson- scarlet. Very sweet scented. Geo. Ahrends — Also known as Pink Dru- schki. A large and beautiful pink rose, re- sembling in size and shape of flower the wonderful white Frau Karl Druschki. Gruss an Teplitz — Color scarlet, shading to velvety crimson, very fragrant, a free grower and most profuse bloomer; hand- some foliage, especially valuable as a bed- ding rose. Hadley — A deep velvety crimson, retain- ing its brilliancy at all seasons of the year. Strong rapid grower, flowers borne on long stiff stems. Its fragrance is unsurpassed. Hoosier Beauty — A large full flower with well shaped buds; color is an exceptionally attractive, glowing crimson, sweetly scented. FEDERAL NURSERIES, INC., ROCHESTER, N. Y. Jonkheer J. L. Mock — This grand rose is the strongest grower in the Hybrid Tea class. Blooms are produced with the great- est freedom on stiff, erect stems, and are of the largest size, of perfect formation and highly perfumed. Color, clear imperial- pink; a glorious flower. Kaiserin Augusta Victoria — A distinct and very beautful variety. Soft pearly white, tinted with lemon in the center; very fragrant, producing beautifully formed flowers on long graceful stems. Killarney — Color' flesh, shaded white, suf- fused pale pink flowers; large buds, long and pointed; and blooms profusely through- out the season. Lady Alice Stanley — Garden rose of great value, having won many friends. Petals shell shaped, forming a perfect flower. Outside of petals deep coral rose; inside, delicate flesh, often flushed with bright pink. Lady Ashtown — Another grand garden rose. Flowers large, full and fine form, free and constant bloomer. Deep rose, shading to silver pink, with touches of yellow at base of petals. La France — (Hybrid Tea) — Raised from seed of a tea rose. Delicate silvery rose, changing to silvery pink; very large; full, of fine globular form; a most constant bloomer. Lady Hillingdon — The wonderful color of this beautiful rose is equalled by none. It has long, willowy stems that are in no sense weak, as the buds are held upright; has a Margaret Dickson long, slender pointed bud of brilliant deep golden yellow, improving in color as the flower matures. Awarded gold medal. Lieutenant Chaure — Velvety, crimson-red, shaded with garnet; large petals of great depth and nicely cup formed. Los Angeles — The following is the orig- inator’s description: “Los Angeles is, by all odds, one of the finest roses ever introduced. The growth is very vigorous, and produces a continuous succession of long stemmed flowers of luminous flame-pink, toned with coral and shaded with translucent gold at the base of petals. In richness of fragrance it equals in intensity the finest Marechal Neil. The buds are long and pointed, and expand into a flower of mammoth popor- tions, while the beauty of form and ever increasing wealth of color is maintained from the incipient bud, until the last petal drops.” We have this rose on our grounds and we can truthfully say the above de- scription is no exaggeration. To see a bed of Los Angeles in bloom is to see a won- derful blaze of color. No other rose like it. Lyon — Shrimp pink at edge of petals ; cen- ter coral red shaded with chrome-yellow. Madame Caroline Testout — Large and double, color clear bright rose, very sweet, resembling La France, but of more sturdy habit, very free flowering; one of the best roses. Madame Edouard Herriot — Buds coral red, shaded with yellow at the base, the open flowers of medium size, semi-double, are coral red shaded with yellow and bright rosy-scarlet. Madam Ravary — Long pointed buds of beautiful golden yellow, opening to large, double flowers with orange yellow centers; very free floflwering. Margaret Dickson Hamill — A mag- nificent rose; its globular blooms are produced in great profusion on vig- orous, erect wood with bronzy-crim- son leaf stalks, bearing leathery bronze-green foliage; deliciously fragrant and a great acquisition. Flowers delicate straw color. Award- ed gold medal. Mrs. Aaron Ward — A remarkably free flowering variety of strong, vig- orous compact growth; the flowers are full double and of splendid form; in color a distinct Indian-yellow, shading lighter towards the edges; a color that catches the eye at once; one of the most beautiful roses in existence. To see it is to fall in love with it at first sight. Mrs. Arthur Robert Waddell — A good up- right grower combined with good foliage. Flowers semi-double, reddish-salmon, at times shaded orange. 61 FEDERAL NURSERIES, INC., ROCHESTER, N. Y. Mrs. Charles Russell — One of the popular -varieties of the day. Buds long and pointed. Stems long and stiff, surmounted by grand rosy-pink blooms of large size. My Maryland — Strong, vigorous grower •and extremely free flowering. Flowers •double, of perfect form, fragrant. Color, iglowing intense pink. Ophelia — A variety which has made such •a record for itself that qualifies it to be classed with the very best, a rose greatly admired by everyone. Its flowers are held erect on long, stiff stems, are of perfect form, good size, and of a most pleasing •delicate tint of salmon-flesh, shaded with rose. Very free flowering. Pharisaer — Exceptionally free flowering, producing long buds, which open into large, double flowers of rosy-white, shading to a pretty soft salmon. A fine garden rose. Richmond — Pure rich scarlet; very free and continuous flowering. Radiance — An ideal bedding rose, produc- ing large flowers of a brilliant carmine-pink, with salmon pink and yellow shadings at the base of the petals. This rose should he in every garden. Sunburst — A superb rose of good vigor- ous habit; flowers of fair size of elongated cup form, and fine in the bud or half open orange yellow center. One of the finest yellow sorts. HARDY CLIMBING ROSES Baltimore Belle — Pale blush, nearly white, compact. A fine flower. Blue Rambler (Veilchenblau) — (Violet Blue) — A seedling of the Crimson Rambler. The blossoms are semi-double, of medium size, massed in large numbers. The color on first unfolding is a reddish, purplish pink, turning to amethyst and finally steel blue. Plant is vigorous and hardy. Climbing American Beauty — Color rosy crimson, similar to its pollen parent; flower about four inches in diameter, finely formed on long stems. Blooms very freely in May and June, and occasionally during the sum- mer. The plant is a strong grower, making shoots ten to twelve feet in a season, and perfectly hardy. Foliage deep glossy green; does not mildew; is not subject to black spots, and remains on until frost. Crimson Rambler — The wonderful climb- ing Rose, by far the most important and valuable acquisition of recent years. A rose of vigorous habit, strong and rapid grower with handsome foliage, and produces in marvelous abundance clusters of the brightest crimson roses. Dorothy Perkins — Very large for a climber. Double, of a beautiful shell pink color; fragrant. Dr. W. Van Fleet— — (Hybrid Wichuriana) — Climbing. One of the most beautiful of climbing roses. Flowers when open run four inches and over in diameter, borne in clusters on long stiff stems. Buds long, pointed, compactly formed, resembling those of a tea rose. The center is built high, petals beautifully undulated and cupped. In color it is a remarkable shade of flesh pink on the outer surface, deepen- ing to rosy-flesh in the center. As delicious- ly fragrant as a tea rose. It is perfectly hardy, a strong grower, with fine glossy green foliage. Flower of Fairfield. — From the Crimson Rambler, similar in color and more brilliant. Flowers on young wood first year. Vig- orous. Paul’s Scarlet Climber — Winner of gold medal as the best new climbing rose at the National Rose Society’s Exhibition. For brilliancy of color, which is a vivid scarlet, no other rose, in any class can compare with it. The flowers are semi-double of good size and are produced very freely in clusters of from 3 to 20 flowers each on much-branched canes, the plants being liter- ally covered from top to bottom with bloom. In size, shape and habit it corresponds with Dr. Van Vleet and Climbing Ameri- can Beauty. It surpasses the latter variety in intenseness of color, which it holds until the petals fall, in fact, it is an improve- ment on this variety. Blooms over a longer period, holding in flower after many June bloomers have dropped their petals. Of strong climbing habit and perfectly hardy. A wonderful rose for trellis, arbor or per- gola use. Bound to be one of the most popular climbing roses of the day. Tausendschon, or Thousand Beauties — Cannot be too highly recommended on ac- count of its free flowering qualities and beautiful white and delicate pink blossoms. It has already been recognized by the lead- ing florists and is grown in large quan- tities now for winter forcing, and for gar- den decoration it cannot be surpassed. White Rambler — Small or medium, daisy- like, pretty white flowers in large clusters. Wichuriana — Single, white, in large clus- ters, with orange red stamens. Yellow Rambler — Yellow in bud, but white when fully open; when half open the flowers are tinged with yellow, slightly fra- grant. Plant vigorous and free-blooming; hardy, very pretty and desirable. 62 FEDERAL NURSERIES, INC., ROCHESTER, N. Y. Thousand Beautiies MOSS ROSES The Moss Rases are favorites with every one, on account of the beautiful buds, which, for bouquets and cut flowers, are invaluable. Blanche Moreau — Pure white, large, full and of perfect form; the buds and flowers produced in clusters and freely furnished with a deep green moss. A valuable variety. Crested — Deep pink buds, surrounded with mossy fringe and crest; very beautiful and fragrant; growth slender. Princess Adelaide — A vigorous grower, pale rose and of medium size and good forb. Perpetual White — Pure white. Salet — A vigorous grower and perpetual bloomer. Light rose, large, full. The best of the class. A true perpetual moss, bloom- ing at intervals from June until November. DWARF POLYANTHA ROSES This is a novel, distinct and charming class of roses. The plant is of dwarf habit and bears abun- dantly and continuously clusters of dainty, small flow- ers, of perfect form and of various shades of color. While they are admirably suited to cut for bouquets and boutonnieres, they are ideal bedding roses, and supply a long felt want among rose culturists for that purpose. Baby Dorothy — (Maman Levavasseur) — This latest introduction of the well-known 63 raisers of the now famous Crimson Baby Rambler (Mme. Nobert Levavasseur) is similar in all respects to that variety except that the flowers are of a clear, brilliant pink and very freely produced. Baby Rambler Pink — (Anny Muller) — Large clusters of brilliant rose-colored flow- ers in great profusion. A splendid bedding variety. Blooms all season until buds are killed by severe frost. Baby Rambler Crimson — (Madame Nor- bert Levavasseur) — A dwarf form of the widely known and popular climbing rose, Crimson Rambler being hardy, vigorous and perpetual flowering. The flowers are large, well formed, of a crimson red color, and borne in clusters. Baby Rambler White — (Katherine Zei- met) — Pure white in large clusters; very freely flowering. RUGOSA ROSES This is a very interesting group, of Japanese origin. The flowers are mostly single. The plant is highly ornamental on account of its good habit and beautiful glossy foliage. New Hybrid Rugosa Everblooming Rose F. J. Grootendorst — This is an entirely new type of rose, being a cross between Rugosa or Japanese rose and the well known Crimson Baby Rambler. Its habit of growth is similar to Rugosa, forming a shrub-like bush, with true Rugosa foliage; while the flowers of bright crimson are borne in clusters exactly like the dwarf Crimson Baby Rambler. Produces a wealth of bloom all summer or until stopped by frost. Perfectly hardy. The uses to which this beautiful everblooming rose can be put are many. It can be used as an individual specimen, or in a group or mass planting in the shrubbery border; or as a permanent hedge or line fence. For the latter pur- pose there is nothing to equal it . The introdTiction of this new everbloom- ing type of rose is a step in advance in the rose line. As soon as it becomes better known to the public we predict there will be a heavy demand for it. Rugosa alba — A species from Japan. Sin- gle, pure white flowers of five petals; highly scented. Rugosa rubra — Another Japan variety. Flowers single, of a most beautiful bright rosy crimson, succeeded by large berries of a rich rosy red color. TREE ROSES Colors only. Pink, Red, White and Yel- low. Spring delivery only. FEDERAL NURSERIES, INC., ROCHESTER, N. Y INDEX A Abies Acer Aesculus Age of Trees and Plants Ailanthus Almond Althea American Senna Amygdalus Ampelopsis Angelica Tree Anchusa : : Anemone Apples — 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, Apricots Arbor Yitea ' Aralia Spinosa — Aquilegia Ash Asparagus B Barberry Beech Betula 36, Berberris Bigonia Birch 36, Bittersweet Blackberries 31, Blue Bird Flower. Blanket Flower Butterfly Bush Bulbs c Care in Planting. Calycanthus Catalpa Canna Cerasus 37, Ceris Chrysanthemum Cherry 37, Cherries 17, Clethra Clematis _« Climbing Vines Comus 37, Coniferae Columbine ; Coreopsis Corchorus Crab 13, Crataegus Crocus Cultivation and Planting Currants 28, Cytisus Cydonia D Daisy Dahlias Deutzia Delphinium 53, Dewberry Dianthus Dielytra Digitalis Diervilla Distance in Planting Dogwood 37, Dwarf Apples E Eleagnus Long Pipes Elm : 37, Elder Evergreen Evergreen Shrubs 53, 54, 55, Evergreen Hedges Eulalia Euonynus 43 38 37 5 41 45 45 53 45 51 45 53 5.3 13 24 43 45 54 36 32 45 36 42 45 51 42 51 32 54 54 46 57 35 46 36 57 42 38 54 42 18 46 52 51 46 43 54 54 48 37 41 57 3 29 38 49 54 57 46 54 32 54 54 54 50 4 46 13 47 42 47 43 56 44 54 47 F Fagus 42 Fir 43 Fleur d’ Lis 55, 56 Flowering Trees 34 Formula for Spray 5 Forsythia 47 Fox Glove 54 Fringe 47 Funkia 54 G Golden Glow 54 Gaillardia 54 Grapes 25, 26, 27, 28 Ginkgo 40 Golden Bell 47 Gooseberries 29 Gladiolus 57 H Halesia 47 Hardy Climbing Roses 62 Hardy Lillies 57 Hardy Perennials 53 Hemlock 43 Hedging 44 Hibiscus 55 How to Grow Roses 62 How to Plant Trees_ 1-5 Hollyhock 55 Honeysuckle 47, 52 Honey Locust 44 Horse Chestnut 37 Hydrangea 48 Hyacinth 57 Hybrid Tea Roses 60 I Iris 55 Irish Juniper 44 J Japan Quince 44 Jonquil 57 Judas Tree 38 Juglans 33 Juniper 43 Juniperis 43 Japan Iris 54 K Kalmia 53 Kerria 49 L Laburnum 38 Larch 38 Larix 38 Larkspur 54 Lilac 48 Linden Tree 38 Locust 38 Liriodendron 40 Ligstrum 44 Lonicera 52 Lycium 52 M Moss Roses 63 Maple 38 Maiden Hair 40 Mahonia 53 Matrimony Vine 52 Mock Orange 50 Morus 40, 42 Mountain Ash 39-42 Mulberry 40-42 Mountain Laurel 53 N Narcissus 57 Nectarines 24 Nut Trees 33 No. Trees and Plants to Acre 4 o Oak 40 Osage Orange 44 Olive 40 P Paeonies 56, 59 Papaver 55 Peaches 21, 22, 23, 40 Persiea 40 Pears 14, 15, 16 Picea 43 Pine 44 Pinus 44 Phlox 56 Plantain Lily 54 Plantanus 40 Plane Tree 40 Plums 19, 20, 49 Poplar 40 Populus 40 Poppy 56 Privet « — 44 Prunus 49 Pruning Directions 2, 3 Pyrus 37 Q Quince 24, 49 Quercus 40 R Raspberries 30, 31 Red Hot Poker 56 Rhubarb 32 Rhus 50 Roses 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63 Rose Mallow 55 Rose of Sharon . 45 Robinia 38 Rudbeckia 56 Rhododendron 53 s Salix ^ 3 40-43 Salisburia i 40 Sambucus 47 Shasta Daisy 54-57 Shrubs 45-52 Size of Ornamental Trees 4 Snowball 48 Snowberry 49 Spanish Bayonet 56 Spray Calendar — 6 Spirea 49 Sorbus ■ — 39-42 Spruce 43 Strawberries 33 Sweet Scented Shrub 46 Symphoricarpus 49 Sumac 50 Syringa 48-50 Summer Chrysanthemum 54 T Tamarix 50 Taxus „ 48 Thorn 41 Tila 34 Thuya 43 Trades Cantea 56 Trumpet Flower 51 Tree of Heaven 41 Asuga 43 Tritoma 56 Tulips 57 Tulip Tree 40 u Upright Deciduous Trees — ,_36-41 Ulmus 37, 42 V Viburnum 48 w Weeping Poplar 40-43 Walnut 33 Weigela 1 50 Wistaria 52 Wind Flower 53 Willow • 43 When Trees Fruit 5 Weeping or Drooping Trees — 42, 43 Y Yucca 56 The Gillies Litho. and Printing Co., Rochester, N. Y.