Historic, Archive Document Do not assume content reflects current scientific knowledge, policies, or practices. i I * SF°< 1825 * REPORT OE PROGRESS IN BARBERRY ERADICATION EOR TEE FISCAL YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1925 REPORT OF PROGRESS IN BARBERRY ERADICATION FOR THE FISCAL , YEAR ENDING JTJITE 30, 1525 Dr. F. E. Kemp ton, Associate pathologist la Charge, and Lynn D* Hatton, Associate pathologist. The campaign to remove all of the common barberry bushes in the 13 north- central grain-growing States lias completed its seventh full year. Some prelimi- nary publicity and survey was done in the spring of 1918, out the actual' survey for barberries began July 1, 1913. On that date $150,000, the first Federal appropriation specifically for barberry eradication, became available for the fiscal year 1919’* The annual appropriation for each of the following three fiscal years, 1920, 1921, and 1922, was about $150,000. For the fiscal year 1923, the amount ox the appropriation was increased to $350,000 and for the following f is cal. year., 1924, a further increase to $425,000 was made. Of the latter amount, however, - $125,000 became available only when an equal amount was furnished by the cooperating States and other agencies. For the fiscal year .1925, the amount of appropriation was $300,000 plus a restricted item of' $111,315. This latter amount was matched by cooperating agencies making the total sum available from- Federal sources, $411,315.. The State agricultural colleges of the 13 States, the State departments of agriculture inmost of the States, the Conference for the . prevention of Grain Rust, and similar allied agricultural and business organizations cooperated in the campaign. The work in each State is supervised by a State leader who makes contacts with, the cooperating agencies, directs the field and publicity activi- ties, supervises and coordinates the four phases of the campaign, namely, investi- gations, publicity, surveys, and eradication. INVESTIGATIONS The different lines of investigation were (1) stem- rust epidemiology studies, (2) classification of barberries andmahonias, (3) susceptibility of barberries and mahonias to stem rust, (4) chemical studies, and (5) o 0 servationa in Kansas and Missouri . , . Stem- Rest Epidemiol ogy Studies The Field agents in barberry ' eradication continued to cooperate in the stern- rust epidemiology studies. These studies were , conducted in all of the • States of the eradication area and in the other principal grain-growing States, The following are some of the outstanding results; (1) The uredinicfjores of stem rust did not overwinter in the "barberry eradication area; (2) aecio- spores developed on common barberries within the eradication area about a month previous to the appearance of stem rust on grains and grasses; (3) grains and grasses near infected barberries became rusted from two to three weeks before stem rust appeared on similar grains and grasses farther from the infected barberries; (4) in 1924 the severe stem- rust infection . on spring wheat in central North Dakota was immediately traceable to about SO barberry bushes near Jamestown, which had been overlooked in the original survey; (5) the occurrence of stem rust on oats over an area more than 6o miles long in western Y/isconsin in 1924 was directly traceable to infected barberries in the area of escaped bushes near Tremp ealeau At the beginning of the campaign, before great numbers of barberries were removed it was nearly impossible to differentiate between the local stem- rust epidemics which the infected barberries caused. Now that so many millions of t hese bushes have been removed the local epidemics are greatly reduced in number and are much more easily distinguished, y/ithin the last year it bus been possible to find great numbers of barberry bushes by tracing stem-rust epidemics from areas of light infection to areas of heavier infection until the source of the epidemic was reached. It seems very probable that when the barberry population in the 13 States is reduced to such a minimum that each local epidemic can be clearly isolated from the other epidemics each common barberry eventually will reveal its location in a year favorable to the pro- duction and spread of stem rust. Classification of Barberries and Mahonias During the year numerous foreign and native species and strains of bar- berries and mahonias have been added to the Berberis garden at Bell, Maryland, which is continued in cooperation with the Office of Horticultural Investiga- tions. These are being assembled for description and classification. Native species of barberries also are being studied in their natural habitat. The American barberry, Berber is canadensis Miller, which was found along the Tippecanoe River in Indiana in 1923, also was found near Spring Lake not far from the Illinois River, in Tazewell County, 111., in 1924. Susceptibility of Barberries and Mahonias to Stem Rust All species and strains of barberry and mahonia obtainable are being * assembled and tested, for susceptibility to infection by the various varieties and physiologic forms of black stem rust. The results obtained will determine which of the numerous varieties of barberries are immune and may be planted in the eradication area. These investigations are carried on at St. Paul, Minn., in cooperation with the Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station. -2- C hem i e_al Studies The investigations "begun in September, 1921, to determine the most satis- factory chemicals with which to kill the common barberry were discontinued at the end of the fiscal year 1925, Approximately 4o different chemicals were test- ed under laboratory and field conditions, it was demonstrated that common crush- ed rock salt and kerosene are, in every respect, the two most satisfactory chemi- cals with which to kill common barberry. The use of sodium arsenite, which for a time was recommended, was discontinued because of the danger of live-stock poisoning. Either salt or kerosene is 100 per cent effective if proporly applied; the cost and application of either chemical are considerably cheaper than eradication by digging. The availability of both salt and kerosene makes them especially satisfactory. Chemical studies also have been made of (1) the effects of sodium arsenite and the effects of salt when used to kill the common barberry; (2) the relation of seasonal storage of reserve food products in the different parts of the bar- berry plant to the time of year for effective treating with chemicals; (3) the sterilizing effects of salt on soil; and (4) analyses of barberry tissues for alkaloids and glucosides, with methods for their extraction. Observations in Kansas and Missouri In July and August, 1924, field agents made a thorough original survey of certain selected localities in 12 northern and northeastern counties of Missouri, and 9 northern counties of Kansas, The purpose of this survey was (1) to. deter- mine how widely and in what numbers common barberries are distributed in those counties; (2) to determine how abundantly the barberries were rusted; and (3) to determine if stem rust had spread from barberries to grains and grasses. The counties selected were those adjacent to States of the barberry eradi- cation area, or counties a little, farther south in which exceptionally large acreages of small grain are grown, A few representative towns hips ' were surveyed in each county, in Kansas am average of 22 per cent^or an average of 764 square miles, of each county was surveyed and an average of 7 plantings, or 129 bushes, was found in each of these counties, in Missouri an average of 40 per cent, or an average of 575 square miles, was surveyed and an average of S.4 plantings, or 105.4 bushes, was found in each county, in both Kansas and Missouri some bar- berries were found in every county in which survey was made. The observations for stem rust on barberries necessarily were made after July 1, and most of the infection was dried up when examined by the field men. In Missouri aecial infection was found on 129 barberry bushes in nine counties distributed rather generally over the northern part of the State. Owing to the late date of survey only one' instance of stem- rust infection on grains and grasses was directly traceable to infected barberries. This was at Ridgeway, in Harrison County. -3- In Kansas 47 rural and 17 city properties having barberries were located. The bushes on l6 of the rural properties were quite heavily rusted. The survey in Kansas was not started until. August 1, .and it was not possible at that time to determine if the infected barberries had been instrumental in the spread of stem rust. Farmers in many cases did not know that barberry bushes were capable of spreading stem rust and could give very little information on this point. However, they did report severe stem- rust infections in past years on grains which were near barberry bushes . PUBLICITY Barberry eradication lias been especially emphasised in the schools during the fiscal year, with the cooperation of Smith- Hughes instructors and school superintendents and teachers, many school children have been taught to identify the harmless Japanese barberry, the harmful common barberry, and the different stages of black stem rust. Since the beginning of the eradication campaign about 1,825,000 copies of bulletins, circulars, and posters of the United States Department of Agriculture have been distributed in the 13 States. About 225,000 were distributed this year. The cooperating commercial agency, the Conference for the prevention of Grain Rust, has printed and distributed over two million copies of bulletins, circulars, and posters since its organization in 1521. Publicity material also has bo&a put out by the State departments of agriculture, and the Extension Divisions of the State colleges of agriculture have cooperated in printing and distributing educational literature. One or more State bulletins on barberry eradication have been printed and distributed bn State funds by each of the States in the eradication area. Circular letters were sent to all property owners in each of the counties to be covered by the farm- to- farm survey before the survey was started. This was done so that every property owner would have definite knowledge of the purpose of the campaign before the field assistants visited his premises. SURVEYS Typed of Surveys Survey activities are divided into three phases , namely, original survey, second survey., and resurvey. The original survey is a p roperty-by-property survey in cities, towns, and villages and a farm-by-f arm survey in the country. During the year the original farm- to-f arm and city survey was completed in Colorado, Indiana, Iowa, Minnesota,, Nebraska, North Dakota, South Dakota, and Wisconsin. The original survey is very largely completed in Illinois, Michigan, Montana, and Ohio. The survey in Wyoming was finished in 1523.' Only about 103 counties out of 395 re- main to be covered by original survey. -4- A second survey now means a second complete original survey of every foot of every rural and city property on which barberries may possibly be growing. A second survey is necessary to locate bushes, escaped bushes, and seedlings which were missed on: the original survey. The larger number of bushes found on second survey were those that had been cut down by property owners previous to the original survey and had grown again. It apparently will be necessary to cover by second survey all of the counties in .which fruiting bushes have been found. Second survey results indicate that every wood lot, tree claim, and grove must be scouted foot by foot to insure finding every barberry bush. The second complete survey was conducted in 60.5 counties during the year'. In all, 115.5 counties have been covered by the second survey. A resurvey is a revisit to the properties on which barberries have previous- ly been found and eradicated. Two years after the "trashes are eradicated the pro- perties are reinspected and sprouts and seedlings are removed to prevent the possibility of their becoming infected and starting anew the stem- rust epidemics. These resurveys have been combined with the second survey whenever practicable. The Use of Government-owned Trucks on Surveys City and town properties are surveyed on foot and there is very little necessity for the use of automobiles or trucks in city surveys except to trans- port field men between small towns where train services are poor. Motor ve- hicles are used in surveying rural properties because of the distances to be traveled and the necessity of carrying shovels and chemicals with which to eradi- cate barberries. In order to reduce transportation costs to a minimum, the Office of Cereal Investigations purchsed 52 light trucks in 1523 . These can be owned and operated somewhat more cheaply than they can be .rented and operated. The greatest dis- advantage of Government-owned tracks is the depreciation and storage cost thneugh- out the winter months. Table No. 13 gives a summary of the operation costs of 20 Government -owned trucks which were used for two years and then traded in as part -.payment for new tracks. Barberry eradication is essentially a seasonal project and the maximum number of men are employed in June, July, and August. During these months auto- mobiles are rented; it is more economical to do this than to purchase the necessary number of trucks for such 0. short period. ERADICATION Methods of Eradication Although salt and kerosene are very satisfactory as killers for barberries their use has not entirely replaced digging. When the barberry bush is close to valuable plants or trees it is dug or pulled because of the possibility of damag- ing the other plants by an application of chemicals. Many seedlings and small escaped bushes are not treated since tie entire root system can be pud led easily. On original survey and second survey during the fiscal year 1925, 240,832 bushes were treated and 145,582 dug. .The ease with which seedlings are pulled made it necessary to treat only 94,158 seedlings of the 671,772 destroyed on these surveys. On resurvey during the year, l4,63b sprouting bushes out of a total of 21,092, and 78,302 seedlings in 131,393 were treated. The percentage of treated seedlings on resurvey is higher than on original survey, because by the time of resurvey the missed seedlings have grown to a size where they can not well be pulled. During the fiscal year 304.5 tons of salt and .11,957 gallons of kerosene were used to kill 427, 9l4 barberry bushes, sprouting bushes , and seedlings on 2,o51 properties. Escaped bushes ' A determined effort has been made during the fiscal year to discover and treat all escaped barberries. One of the outstanding discoveries of the year's work is that areas of escaped bushes in nearly every instance are larger than was at first supposed. It has been necessary to survey several miles in every direction from hedges of fruiting barberries, where the escaped bushes also are fruiting the method is to survey foot by foot at least two miles beyond the limit of the last fruiting escaped bush. Seedlings continue to appear every spring near the sites of hedges destroyed several years before, indicating that seeds lying on the surface of the ground retain their viability as long as six or seven years. A total of 3>26o,4q2 escaped bushes and 4,631,929 seedlings has been found to date. Of these, 259,733 escaped bushes and 806,451 seedlings have been found this year. SUMMARY Daring the fiscal year approximately 124 counties were covered in the original survey, approximately 60 were surveyed a second time, and the equivalent of 220 counties was covered in resurvey. On original survey 294,760 bushes were found on 5,523 properties and 38b, 4l4 bushes were eradicated from 6,443 proper- ties. These figures include 5,327 bushes on 779 properties found in the second survey, On resurveys, 21., 058 spouting bushes were found and 21,092 were eradi- cated. Seedlings numbering 8(6,451 were found on original, second survey, and re survey. This makes a grand total for the fiscal year of 1,122,269 bushes, seedlings, and sprouting bushes and 1,210, 671 destroyed. The grand total of bushes, sprouting bushes, and seedlings found during the entire campaign is 11,277,387. Of these, 10,679,692 have been destroyed. -6- ORIGINAL SURVEY, PROPERTIES, JULY 1, 1924, to JUNE 30, 1925 Tab.lo 1. Data showing, by States, the number of properties on which barberry bushes were found and destroyed in all surveys, and the number of properties upon which seedlings were found and destroyed in original and second surveys during the fiscal year July 1, 1924, to June 30, 1925 a o tO 6 o ft O +3 Sh O CO I 54 CO O Q ft ft o to 5-i ft ft ft o •H ft i £ T* 0 £ to o O Ch, -H 40 o So u © O ft £ o to ft OJ cm tf> o 0 p 5h o ft ft o to o ft ft 54 ft J £ rQ G d rl H cl >3 d o H > to 5h M 3 5-1 to O o o o o r~ o ft o o •WOOJ- - CJ OKNOO OtOCJjNftOtOOft-tOojcJO rH aj oj r*« oj ft ct3 on etc O ( — 1 ( — 1 J>- O ft f~H LO o VO ft VO OJ ft in oj KN vo o P , KN Eh .. 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LO *■» > d d 0 C/3 d co 0 d £H 0 d CD 3 0 V C/) ♦H 0 d 0 -P r0 hQ 0 j d 0 O') 4-> d d 0 d 0 VO 0 to O CM OO rH O O- KbVO O 0- CO CD pd PI ■H Pi rd Ob Ob 0 rH 1 — * |H rH Kb Kb IO r- d Pi co > d 00 C\J r— ♦ CVl 1 — 1 to rH LO O >3 Q O d d O d d pO M 0 d CM - Ti Pi 0 bD CD d >3 V 03 0 O O © d 3 d •H § VO CO CO d- VO Kb CT) rH rH LO 0b O r-l LO 0 V d •P O CM Kb LO CO Kb Ob 0 ObHd Kb b- 0J rH pd 03 CD •H -P .d Kb ih OJ rH vf) ( — l r-J CM O Kb CO to CO CD d 0 #* d 'd 'd •—1 10 ,P d d -P 3 1 — t d d d M d d d -p -p • d rH 0 0 0 d -P d d d *h r-l rH p d -h cd d 0 d rd PI Pd 0 ho d CtJ d 0 d hD 0 d 0 _ d d -p CD P d p d 0 d d rd rd O -ri 0 rH to 0 -H -H d rd d -*J H -P O rP O E] E-t pQ i — 1 r—* rc3 3 0 3 d pQ H -h d 0 0 d O rH d O -H •H 0 0 O pd O -H EH O H H M g S S d d 0 w 3 3 -17- EE SURVEY , SPROUTING BUSHES AND SEEDLINGS , APRIL 1, 191S, TO JUNE 30, 1925 u) CM N r^O ft ft O PM ft KY O N CM O ko in 10 r.-v.o 00 ft lo n 00 no 10 LO rH ft ft- ft- ft M ft 00 co ft- 00 in ft d >a ft CM l-ft N0 CM ft tXj CM CM CO L-. 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O •rl KO m O 00 !> ft) CM ft ft) ft ft ft O CM ft O 1—* 0 l-H ft ft ft ft) OOCOCMOOCOftCM CO ft 0) r^H d CO CM CM NO O0VO O LO CM ft 00 ft NO CM 0 d CO •H 0 3 ri 0 V0 no ov CO CM ft ft ft ft NO CM ft ft CO ft ft EH ftftft ft ft ftftco IN CM ft 0 bO PI ft PI d •h ft rd ft ft O O ft) ft CM CM CO O ft ft ft) ft ** ft 0 0 O'ftO-ftO0Cpft)cOOftft)COft LO CO 60 ri >5 ft VO V0 ft ft ft) ft H 00 IAC0 r-H0 0 ft 0 0 d , , ^ •« •* ' r, »s rv ft n » r, ft QV Ph Ph 0 ft ft ft CO C- 6^0 ft CM ft) CO 00 CO 1 — 1 ft ft Pi ft) O d 0 0 EH rH ft - 0 ( — 1 ft ft bp 0 ft) ft 0- ft) ft) Oft- 00ft) ft EO O- LO VD P! ft , . CO, 0 ft to 0 CM CM CO 00PO ft ft) O CM ■rt ft Ph ft, ft) ft CO CM ft O. to ft CO 'ft) ft c<"0 00 •H H 0 t tD '* ,k ■ ft «t ft »» r, •% «t « "t d ft ft i co to i> 00 CM O LO CM Oft) 00 ft O - 00ft) 0 t0 CM LO 00 CO to KO 0 ft d ) ft d 0 EH ft) no 00 to CM ZS LO lO (—* rO CM O 10 § & ft rH 1 — 1 H 1 — ! 1 — 1 -dr bO O' CM £ re 0 O 0 1 1 ft O Q ft ft 0 CM Q LO CM CO ro\ 00 Q ft d . 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O CO 00 CO ft ft 00 !> J> VO CM C^- H ,LO O0 g d © •ri ft IN ft ft lO LO CO ft 00 N0ft 0-, rH l<0 O 0 ft ft 0 •k ft n n r, •. ft r> rt n •N ft 8 ft K0ft rt fO i ft O ft • ft 0 q p pi £ rH C\J H N ft IH ri * d ft -?2> a 5 d d v . • . ,-p -p * 0 ri ^ pi 1 1 CM p 00 pi -p d d d ft d ft d ftftd dodftP PO©bO ft ft dopl bD w Pi re dd 0 0 CO fn P Cu ‘H CD d d iH 0 ‘d . ft ft 0 ft .H d H re +h u h.’ 0 ft 0 g ft ftftftlsoridftPi-dd^ 0 d Oft d O ft ft Q 0 O ft O ft >1 EH OHHHS'ggS^OW^g - 13- CHEMICAL TREATMENT , JULY 1, 1924, TO JUNE 30, 1925 > 5h U o- ,o m U bO d d ft -H < — 1 OD T) C 0 ■rj CD 4^ W 2 O T* 54 £ ft 0} CD Dj CD d CD, .d ft CD CD pj 0 D ft CD bD pi C ft -H 4-4 h 2 54 O 54 ft O ft ft CD ft d ft CD . 0 ft ft O CD • H p3 ^ft ft $H o O ft CD Q) CD rO •H ^ +* 3 ft d (l) ft CD, ft O ft CM ft ft Ob ft , ft ft ft d - o d O Kb 54 ~ 0 0 © ft ft C g d p! d ° ft S *H S o 0 0 ft ft ft ft O - ft - ft C\J CD ft Ob (D -H ft ft 5 d ft ft ft m d ft ft o d f-i ft - -p bO s d © o •H 5n 5( 5 CD ft ja 5ft CD CD CD 0 ft d ft d ft CD 0 d pi 54 p ft ft Kb 0 ft 'd Eh Qb Ob OJ ' O CO Kb- O ft ft ft CM O O O ^ co i — i cvj ft ft in Ob Kb PO o ft Kb knpo v.o ft o ft ft ft 1 0 *« ,*> n *. r, r. *\ ** ft bO to N C\J NCI) O ft CM 0 d Ob ft i — t IN 0 ft t— J C/D ft ft CM CM CM PD ft Ob l-^bPO ft Ob 00 PO O bO d if) ( — • Ob Kbft «) O CM ft p-4 rP ft CPI PO 4-4 CD pftftr-ftor-r^rpfto Kbft .ft O ft «> n tv k m *■•»•>#* EH if) Kbft ft ft CM r-l Ob ft CO ft d bO 0- v^> ft ft CM i ft Kb IN Ob O ft ft O CO Ob ft Kb O 54 0 IN O bOPD ft CO CM Ob in PO Kb ft ft 0 0 ft ft Kb Kb ft Kb ft cpi ‘ft ft ft ** O 4-4 CM 54 P OOOKbtOOOft O O ft O O f—4 CVJ l-Q i — • o if) ft ft CM i bn ft c IN CO O -H Ob Ob O O « — 1 Pi m if) if) POObOft ftoooooooo < — 1 o 0 st PO PD O Kb PD ft CO 54 ft ( — * rH Erl’ rH bO & if) 3 ft o' CM (ft PO ft ft ' 4^> 1 •H 54 CD 0 0 ft ft O ft HOObOtMb'OO IN p4 ft rH Kb ft Kb Kb O ft ft CP] 54 ft ! 0 ft bO ooooooooooooo o 0 0 d -p Cl> *H •H CO ft pi 0 09 if) P4 0 OftOOOOOOOOOOO ft Cj ft f— 1 g if) p ft 73 o i if) 54 CD CD 0 OPC O O O O CD o o o o o o ft ft ft ft ft o ft •H 54 ta- ft Ob Ob CPI [4- OOOOri^HOJO 1 CD OftbOO ft IN CO Kb ft ft bO r- H rOKA vx> o -It* ^ CM 0 d -s ~ *•* A IP CD ft ft in cm pd Oft ft ft H ft ft IN -H pd Ob CP! ft o Ob Kbft ft Ob to ft O (^b r-' if) PD O Kb CObOOCVlKbr-H ft Kb CpJ Cft d 0 ftOINObr-lfv-N^Kbr-j^ ft if) ft CM PD ft ft CM i — i CO ft CO aj ft d bO IN Ob 4^> ft •>h d 0 • o CM IN ft PD ft ft KP CO IN Pd' Kb O ft 0 0 IN Ob CO ft bO bO CM ft IN CPI OJ ft rd ft ft ft I— 1 Kb r-H ft Kb ft CM ft o ft •b 54 CM ft ^ d d d d O 0 d 4-4 d-d 44 -H C— » 0 rd -rid d o d ft o o 0 bp d -P d O d bO 0 d 0 ft A , d d 4J cti d d d -h 0 d d d d o *h o ft O ft ft d rd d-d 5-1 ft O ft O g EH cn ftft'd^oddD ft 0 o O « — * £h O *H »H O C) • Ah * *H -o ft n ft SA3 s ft ft o m ft ft -19- CHEMICAL TREATMENT, APRIL 1, 1313, TO JUNE 30, 1325 Pa !-i Pi CD X CO P d X •bO ■ P •H bQ Ti P © •H CD ft © P* o d p ft nj CD X w S3 03 cQ Tj CD rQ C/3 £ Pc © X U d - P CD rH © X XI O CD |jS 8 •rH ft' Pi o Pc Pc CD 6 O 'cD CD •H ft Pc © ft O Pc © g-S8< Pc -P r-C ft P o odd U - © © © P X ft p 2 ni 4 P o Pi ft c e © © XI X . ft o CO , I — 1 - X cr> © ft i — i © -H ft 7 d i — • +> tj, CO © f~c ft -H >a d X ® Pc - ft bO ' © Pc Pi •H •5 O X, w d ft d « d "d Eh Pc P-c «i 6 o p © ft •g X ©. •p d © Pc ft CO on ft d oo oj o vo 0- X CO vo o d OJ id fcOd d CO O') d CO CO o CO i © CO d xfr | )T\ IQ Nd* CO CT) d 0J ft o d b£ «v tv »* « -v rv tv »v 1 © cl ft d o CO O d ft ft i — ! d d ft CD ft OJ r — 1 d CO CM d d CO f-t X ft CO o . o ft t — 1 d 03 ' VO X VO o co d vo do 0- co d CO ■ l — * ft © co G\ d O d ft O ft o d o- o — 1 on c3 X 4 O ft X 1 — 1 ^ 0- OVD co co vo d -p to tv »* '» . tv tv tv tv tv 4 tv o P co d cur- O ft 0- d O VD 0- rH H P, ft O VOJ CO ft OJ ft CO q ft d i B d X ft co co d cb. C\l rH ft CO X rH Pc d C VT to d d o CO CO O d {> © CD co vo d O vo d d' OJ Uj jrj' i — i d Pc © tv tv o ft Pc ft Ph f-4 ft 1 — 1 ft o o 6 d co o O d- o obo 6 ft 00 d X LfJ 1 — 1 co 1 © VO X d i — ! d fccD t. tv © © p O' Q Pc 0 ft d X d © CO 1 — 1 03 o Pc © •vo GO o ft X X. 6 o od O rH 6 • — 1 M © XT vo 0- O OJ d VO 1 1 CO rH ,-4 CO GO d CO d 7>. X 03 - »V tv tv 1 £ ,-4 o O 1 X VO ft X •rH © 4-4 i d p< t — 1 5 0 ft r-C 00 o o- ro'-x S> ft o ft © © CD 1 — * d d vo ft Pc O ( — 1 ft d d 4^> o ft Pc ft H Ph Cl) X) X 6 ' O 0 0 o ft CO 0 0 O o o co o P s — * C_3 o o 1 — 1 !x 1 W cn i — * ro J^v. o d tiD •v © Pi d d , 1 1 — > © © ft CO u0 on 4-4 CO ft •H pi CD .. .. oo Pc o d o od x 0 0 0- on O d o co d © I'd d co vo vo CO ft © ■ ' 4 co iX O to d p ,X r. tv tv CD CO ft X VO •H 1 1 ^ X X 1 o © ) X 1 42> p © •Od o O -OO X 0 0 rH, O O q o d •H © o d d co CO r — J X rvv. Pi ft O ft Pc co d vo P-c CO CO ft Q o o o co r- x vo d o CO ■ OJ id co d o d end d vo o CO i W d to © p CO dd d o X co d i — ! CO XT CO i — 1 co o CO d d ft c- i — 1 d rH o © ft OJ ft CO ft d on co ft X . i — 1 o ft ( ^ ft c\T 4-4 ft d © o ft VO m dd vo d r-dd X d CO co © CD CO dOJ d o O bQ r- uO dvo vo o- f~4 X r ' O ft 00 VO vo VO d co o- co 03 »v tv tv tv tv tv «v tv tV tv -L4 P OJ OJ O') ft O ( — 1 VO d 1 — I *) CO racm 1 — 1 O 1 — ! to rt ft ft) • t — ( to rH 0 o o 'ft P A V) 0 r— 1 ft o ft 1 — 1 i — 1 o ft ft! •H .ft CO 4-3 •H Cj ft p o R R LO O 0 •H 1 £ 0 ■ r- O 0 fa- p f-H • d 0 0 oat 0 O O far 0 ft 0 O 0 OA ft O CM O .d MO 0 CM MO d to r? H R CO d 0 o- 0 0 0 O O O 0 0 0 O 0 fa- 0) ft ft Ol 0J ft o 0 ft . — * EH CvJ 1 — 1 ft d 1 Q cb, \ •a! 0 ft! 0) rO R O 0- 0 0 0 O O O 0 0 0 O rH fa- 4-3 4-3 'ft « CM OJ •H CO a ft 0) • •H 0 ft. P P C /) CO ft •H CD ft a) d ft 0 0 ra R ft ft ft £ 0 fc p 0 0 0 0 0 O O O 0 0 0 O 0 O [/) •H 0 1 — 1 P ft p d o ft o CO 0 •H 0 a. s P OA & 1 — 1 O wft 04 h KVOrAE O O 8 cm 0 in to fat fat ft p 1 — ! vX> o d CO NA O C- to fa- OA O O lO CM .fat p 4-3 • • • • » • « a « » * V • ft 0 0 0- 0.1 fat oa to 1 4 6 9 7 P 0 fat o Eh CM RA CM i~i (4~N KA 0 rH KA V) 0 • aS •H •ft 0 to MO KAfat OJ RA fa- O CM O O 43 l j • 1 fa. .ft- fat CM "A OJ KV C A KA OA •H P R bO P OJ MO wo r-H to OA to p ft < * MO 43 V • ft cm CO O ft p4 oa^j- r~4 RA ft CM OJ 0 fa- CO OA * CM r-A ,-h i — 1 O ft ) ^ p . — * OJ cd CO «■* <—* ft-l 0 ft r* o o 0 0 0 AA E-i i ft ft, i-A MO OA a) '' — / 1 0 R RA r— 4 fat 4-3 0 1>3 R OJ fa- OA d G ft ft O • % « • ft p 1 CM f — * ft KAMO | J O Co 4_0 0 0 ft ft O g MO fa- to O 1 — ! ft ft r- t-4 0 i — 4 fa- a ft O MO rA C\j P 0 OA R O ft ft P a r-f "d tH d d d ft 0 c n ft ft d ft ft •rH © p d 0! 0 d M p p If) to rH ft d O ft to 0 ft LO ft ft d d R cs d •H 0 d d d d 0 •rH ft ft O •H • H d rft ftr -p R 0 R 0 E 0 ca ft r--* p O ft ft rO •H 0 O Eh O r-4 ft b •rH •H 0 G> * rft • •H h? O 1 — 1 M M i-ft Szj O ca & -21- 20 gallons of this quantity furnished by State. CHEMICALS , QUANTITIES USED, APRIL 1 , 191-3, TO JUNE 30, 1925 •r4 u p <3 6 o 0 ft 0 bD •H 0 ft § o a o •H +5 0 o • H ft 0 0 © >5 • 0 0 © ft 0 0 rQ a) ft ft ft a) cn 3 0 o ■H s fti o ft o m © •pH ft •rH 0 | ft „ lO - cm CO ab (D r — I ft a? ft O CO r'b >3 © ft 8 0 ~ ft bD 0 ■H o ft Q - ft CO CO ft Ob 0 t — t ft a VO ft 0 ft l — 1 0 ft o 0 01 ft 0 .ft co i o xi ft ffl ffi -4 ft CO H 0 1*3 ifft 1 o o o O O 1 o o lO O o ; o o ft O O 1 • * • • * i o ft o CM r--' O j rft CM to H i 1-4 rft tO • -ft r ! o i > — 1 o o o o V .1 o o o o • ' c o o o <3 i oft o O pH O p i ift CO ■ — 1 1 ■ " 1 * i 1 — 1 to CO -ft • o ft pH o o o -o. VO O O LO O O (ft O O -ft VO' vq > cvl Kb o o o ,o o o CO o i0 CO o ft- OJ CO l — 1 o ft © 8 o o ft . ft CO eft o o Mi o o ft o o kS ft Oft- o o ft VO pH CM o o o o Ob o C\J ft CM ft in V 1 0 0 o -p > — ' o 1 — 1 EH 3 ft © • \ p ■ H l * 0 >v CO © ft * m 0 ft o © -p -0 o © Q r/i 0 d 3 *H © PH •H Pi ft 5-1 © • o CO b pu o o o o . ft CM o o O. Q O eft O O ft O O O eft O Oft VO o to O ft CM -t Cft o o o 8 CM O O o o O t — 1 o o o o ft o o o eft o or- o OO ° ft CM eft OO o o o o CO o VO o to o r-H o rf -P o EH •ft ft CO p o CO ft ft VO 'ft to ^OH^OO HM-IOH Ift CO O CTV o o CM ft O ft CM ft ft VO ft OO CO VO v- CT'Vt r-H eft ft ft b CM ft! eft eft CO. GO eft ft i — 1 ft O At" eft CM r-H ft eft u J rft rH r'J -p CO r-1 ft b o WvO0 ft O eftO-ppppO H CM r-H ft r-H VO CO r-J rft ft O' ft o j>- k's , — * , — i ^ r-* 1 o eft h ft Kbft CM rft P ft CM ft ■ eft ft ft rft CM OJ CM O O o to r-H r-H GO Ob pH bO ft" CM ft © o « o P-. o 0 © bD oh oomjo.ctio M oo eft o o ft o CO O ft o rH ft o ft eft rft CO O eft O eft O i — 1 o ft CO 0 ft -p 0 o ?-i ft 0) O 0 0 W ft O © ■P 0 4-> 00 Op- o o o ft o ' O 1 0 CM o o O ^ ■ ft VO O Ob rft O CM 59 P S iS 9 i-O J uuf to cvj C\J v Ob bO bU ft CO .4- O eft r-H r-H CM rft ft CM O to eft Ob CM eft O r~* 0 O to 0 -P ft -rH © 0 O 0 o 8 bQ © 0 0 0 -rH © O -rH Tl 0 0 pH pH ft Sj Q 8 0p OH fl O'H.-rt O H PH HH S 0 .0 0 0 4-4 *r4 p PC O O © bO g © ,y ft 0 ■ 0 0 0 0 O jp 0 R O ft O -H © O © • r0 *'ej 0 ■rH S p fO O ft ft ft ft 8 eft ft CM rft O O CM ft CM ft Ob o o Ob rft CO ft OJ ft ft o o o ft VO VO to CO CM VO CM ft ft VO VO 0 -P O Eh ft M © •rH 0 fi 0 ft © 0 o 0 bD Ob eft • Ob © - -p i — * 0 -P CO o •rH o PH •rH 5-t p ft CD ft •H ft ft ft 8 to •rH ft 8 o ft u 0 o -22- GRAND SUMMARY, ORIGINAL BUSHES, SPROUTING BUSHES, AND SEEDLINGS, 1913 to 1925 0 bO of £ > •H U pi o 0 rP 0 , — 1 Cfl Co -P & 5 EH "d o •o PX to, o o p Pi 44 -p GO 0 o o 01 p rd qD d Tj •rH •• § i— 3 rd o ■d LO o £) cu C/J p oo id o ( — 1 P o 0 o P bO i-^o d •H o i — 1 "d B CD d> Cl) m o -p nd "d O d P d to o 1 — 1 0 p oo o 44 0 1 — 1 xt 0 0 0 0 ,d - d fS 0 > — 1 .a 1 — 1 1 bo; •• •H c bD d •H d P-i< <-t +4 1 •H P -P o d T j o d P' d d t o d p4 *p o 0 0 p p s O') CD o o p 0 d d o p ■r-l -d 44 di d o o o >, •H o P ■d d o d 0 44 P d o 0 d CD pi CD § 0 P d f? & d ,d 0 < — 1 -P P CO Ei d - at •H 0 P ; . 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ORGANIZATION AND PERSONNEL July 1, 1'325. Adinin i stmt i v e Washington, p. C. of Tic© of Cereal investigations, Bureau of plant industry, U* S* Department of Agriculture, Associate pathologist in charge, pr , F, E* Kemp ton, associate pathologist, Lynn D« Hatton. Field Operations Publicity Cartoonist and illustrator, G* D- George, University Farm, St. Paul, Minn.; associate pathologist, Noel F. Thompson, cooperating with the Con- ference for the Prevention of Grain Rust, 300 Lewis Building, Minneapolis, Minn. Investigations . Studies of barberry species and hybrids: Assistant horti- culturist, B« I. Morrison, Bell, Md. ; agent, J, K. Craigie, University Farm, St. Paul , Minn . Epidemiology studies; Collaborating agent, Dr. E« C> Staknan, University Farm, St. Paul, Minn.; assistant pathologist in charge, Sdmund B . Lambert, Uni- versity Farm, St. Paul, Minn., agents, Wallace Butler and Jonas J. Christensen. Colorado ; Department of Botany, Agricultural College, Fort Collins. State leader, Ernest A' Lungren; cooperating agent, Roud McCann, Director of Extension; collaborating pathologists, c. D- Learn and Dr. L. W* Darrell; State law-enforce- ment agent, pi”. C. P. Gillette, State Entomologist; s tenographer- clerk, Miss Winifred watson; field agents: Jesse A* DeFrance and Bruce J. Thornton. Illinois ; post office Building, Urbana. State leader, Gordon C. Curran; cooperating agent, H, W, Memford, Director of Extension; collaborating patho- logist, C-eorge H. Dnngan; State .law-enforcement agent, p. A. Glenn, Chief In- spector, state Department of Agriculture; agent, Miss Mary A- Hopkins; field agents : Bills, Robert yh Cornwell, Earl D. Crabb, jarred V. Craigie, Lewis E. Ellis, Charles G. Fielder, Virgil B. Eobes, Franklin E* Frolik, Frank Garrison, Earl R. Gilbert, Wayne a. Grumke , Edward C. Iiaf enrichter , Atlee L- Hardy, Max B. Harmon, R. C. Hayden, Lyle j. Holt, Henry C. Holt, orval c. Mathis, Alvin L. Meyer, Walter m. Moore, Clarence E. Muncie, Wendell S- Powell , Chester R. Raw! ings , Cecil 0 . Richardson, John L. Seward, John H. Smith, Norman J. Solheim, withe 1m G* Stark, Orton K- Turner, Lewis M« Uhl in, Bernard W« Walters, John C. -25- Department, par due University Agricultural Experiment State leader, nayne E. Leer; cooperating agent, G« I. Extension.; collaborating pathologists, Dr. H. S« Jackson Mains; State law-enforcement agent, Frank N. Wallace, State En-- Indianapolis; stenographer- clerk, Miss Indiana; Dot any Station, La Fayette. Christie, Director of and Dr, E, B» tomologist , ageiits ; Braybrook, Laurence Castell, Stanley Cross, waiter M- Doug her ty , Lawrence Eliason, Everett J. L, Fo shrink, Roy L. Ipzel , Edward E. Maggart, Ralph J. A* Miller, Charles H. Palmer, C. Marvin Josephine M. Waldron; field Libbert, Clarence B. McCally, Ross L« Sccarce, Charles G. Sewell, Gerald S. Zurnstein, Reginald B. Iowa ; Botany Department, Iowa Agricultural Experiment Station, Ames, State leader, Marion A- Smith; cooperating agents, R. R, Bliss, Director of Ex- tension, m. H. Barns, Extension plant pathologist,- iJ. R* Carmichael, Graceland College, Lamoni, ia; state law-enforcement agent, Dr. C. J* Drake, state En- tomologist; collaborating pathologists, Dr. I. E. Melhus, Station plant patho- logist, and Dr, S. M. Dietz, assistant pathologist, Office of Cereal Investi- gations; stenographer-clerk, Miss Frances M. Hanson; field agents; Border, Nile M* Dunn, Stuart J. Earhart, Harry Q. Erwin, Lester E. Herriott , Qleon E. Inman, Forrest G. Leach, Lyl© D» Mefferd, Gay A, Mendell, Frank H. Mo r ling, Edgar S* Morris, Le Ross Raleigh, waiter p. Steddom, John M. Thompson, James W. Walter, Paul M. Zimmerman, Byron B* Michigan; Agricultural College, E-ast Lansing. State leader, waiter F. Reddy; cooperating agent, R, 'L< Baldwin, Director of Extension; State law-en- forcement agent, L. R. Taft, state Inspector of Nurseries; stenographer- clerk, Miss Bernice L. Waterman; field agents* Boyd, James L. Braamse , Byron L . Braamse , Leonard J . 'Cash, Justin C. Dobben, Ben J. Drew, Kenneth L. Edmunds, Allen T. Francis, Milton j. Hacks tt, paul M» Eorwood, Russell e« Hal tman , V iy ian J . Humes ton, Fred R, jaggers, Francis A* Ki dman , jame s l # Kuhn., George w. - Kurts, Lloyd B. Lakin, Harold D. Landsburg, Kenneth G Lenz, Carl H. Lewi 3, James A. Lioret, Ernest L* McIntyre, Charles W* Markle , Edmund F» . Mason, Elwood \'j. Moore , Lacius H« O'Connor, Jack w, Ross, Francis w» Ro ze 1 1 , Andrew M . Rumme 1 , Mar t in F . -2b- Salisbury, Chester F. Schickler, Clyde IC, Schwarts, George T. Smith, paul M« Smith, Roscoe G* Teeter, Lowell E* Tillotson, Ivan G- Van Bnren, Earl C. Vaughan, Sylvester M- Warner, Robert E* Watson, Elba E« Wenner, Elwyn A- Wierman, Leslie B* Wilt, Clay E* Minnesota ; University Farm, St, paul. State leader, Leonard w. Me lander; cooperating agent, F. W. peck, Director of Extension; collaborating pathologists, Dr. E. M« Freeman and Dm E. C. Staknan; Stake .law-enforcement agent, A. G. Ruggles, state Entomologist; stenographer-clerk, Miss Helen W. Barett; field agents ; * J Aarke , Einar G - Allison, Clyde C. Austvold, Edwin Baker, Henry H- Christgau, Rufus J. Dawley, J. Murdoch Elling, Will iam J. Frunze, Fritz G. Gustafson, Carl B. Holloway, James K. Ke Iso, Maur ice M « Kunkel, paul f. Lefebvre, Camille l Morris, Harold p. Ole son, Homer C. Qstrom, Emil H< peterson, Arthur G< petersen, Vincent F. powers, Francis B. Ryan, John F. Schaal, Lawrence A. Schaub, Benjamin H. f al lace, Jame s M . Montana; State College of Agriculture, Bozeman. State leader, f. L* Popham; cooperating agent, j. C. Taylor, Director of Extension; agent, H* E. Morris; State law-enforcement agent, ft Li Shovell, Horticultural Inspector; laboratory assistant, Miss Ruth Swingle; stenographer- clerk, Miss Marguerite Marquis; field agents ; Cummins, George B. Eonohoe, Heber C. Forbes, Jacob f. Fox , David E . Freeman, Monroe E. jennison, Harry M. Iier lee, A* LeRoy Lillard, John J. Long, Fred E. MClver, Kenneth B. Neill, Frank D. peterson, Millard E. Ross, Richard C. Sales, falter L • Swan, Leonard R. fisner, Frank B • Nebraska; College of Agriculture, University Farm, Lincoln. State leader, Albert F« Thiel; collaborating agent, f. H. Brokaw, Director of Extension; collaborating pathologist and law-enforcement agent, Dr. G. L* Peltier; steno- grapher-clerk, Mrs. Burnetta R, falroth; field agents; Claassen, Theodore Gardner, John D* Kiltz, Burton F. Davis, Clyde L. Harris, Harvey B. Rohrbaugh, Percy f. Dittus, Benjamin F* Hunt, Burt f. Scrxvner, Forrest J. North Dakota; Agricultural Experiment Station, Agricultural College, p. 0- State leader, George C. Mayous ; cooperaring agent, G. f. Randle tt, Director of Extension; collaborating pathologist, H- L. Bolley; State law-enforcement agent, Joseph A. Kitchen, Commissioner of Agriculture; stenographer- clerk, furnished by the State; field agents; Anderson, Martin C^ Archer, Verne R. Arnold, Cyril K. Baden, Carl H* Baillie, Alden M, Bairey, George B. Herbison, Herbert f. Horne, James Jensen, Clarence L. Johnson, peon M- Knight, Allen J. Miller, Claude L. Blake, Miss Charlotte E. Narum, Leslie F. Hendrickson, Earl A- Rumpeltes, Ben J. Severson, Albert S- Severson, L» N. Sondreaal, Gilmore F. Trowbridge, Vernon H* Trumbull, Francis f. Welsh, Maurice J. Y o cum , Edwar d M • - 27- Ohio r Botany Department, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio. State leader, John W* Baringer; cooperating agont, Goorge B. Crane, Director of Ex- tension; collaborating pathologist , W» G» Stover; State .law-enforcement agent, Richard Faxon, Chief of the Division of plant Industry; stenographer- clerk, Mrs M« E. Jo ice; field agents; Atwood,-. Rarry pangham, Ralph V« Beck, .Byron B* Buckman, Marcus E- Christy, Donald F. Cowdrey, G. C. Davis, John A- Diller, jesse D. Gilmore, R. Clark Ramble ton, Eds on j. isler, David A. Jackson, Earl K. Jones, T ho mas _ H . Ko nt , Mai co 1m F . Laffer ty, Halsey p. Leavengood, Joseph D. Remasters, Rons ton M* Lichti, Ralph H- M inn eman , Paul G. Rowa'l.t, Elmer M. Runnels, Harmon A. Sampson, H. C» Setterfield, Hugh E- Shackson, Ree Smith, Warren L. Snider, perry E* Swar t z , Delbert Tozzer, Charles w« Violet, Charles 0* South pakota; College of Agriculture, Brookings, State leader, Raymond 0 Bulger; cooperating agent, C. Larsen, Director of Extension; collaborators, Dr. A. N. Home and Dr. A. T. Evans; State law-enforcement agent, H«, C. Sever in, State Entomologist; stenographer- clerk, Miss Dorothy E« Bossert; field agents; Caldwell, Ralph M« Eberlein, Louis A. Errington, paul R, Fairchild, jasper s. Hume, a. T. Kurts, Theodore Kurtz, william A. Rarson, Courtney W. Locke, Rush B. Michaels, Walter H. Murray, joe p. Rice, Ronald. f. -Sayre, Lawrence C Starr, G. Herman Walter, Glenn R. Welch, Earl I. Welch, Frank F. State agents cooperating; Ekern, Robert L. Malmer, George T • Matoer, Harry A- Murray, Benjamin Wisconsin; Department of Agriculture, State Capitol Annex, Madison. Stat leader, william A. Walker; cooperating agents, K, L. natch, director of Exten- sion, and R. E« Vaughn, Extension pathologist; collaborating pathologists, Dr. L» K* Jones and Dr. J. G* Dickson; State law-enforcement agent, Stanley B. Fracker, State Entomologist ; stenographer-rcler^, Miss Ida T* Goul ; field agents Bain, Frank C-. Cheney, Re lien S. Craig, John E. Damsheuser, C. W* • Flusck, Herbert -A. Harrington, John T. Harrison, Carter M. Kline, Homer V. Knutson, Arthur M. McCrea, Forrest D- Nightingale. Gordon 1 Qtterson, Henry Owen, Forrest V. parmele, Harris B. pel ton, J. ReRoy peterson, pester c* Rowland, Raymond -E« -Schraedl, William.- S. -28- ' Seymour, waiter J. Stevens, Harry Stiles, Hugh R. Stinchf ield, R, H. jegge, Charles \'j, ■ webb , Julian H* ■ white he ad, lyndell p. -. gaumeyer, William J. Wyoming; College of Agriculture, University of ’Wyoming, Laramie. Stat. leader, Ralph. U. Cotter; cooperating agent, A. E. Fovmnan, Director of Extension; State law-enforcement agent. A- D. Ravil .le, president. State Board of Horti- culture; stenographer- clerk, furnished hy state.