Historic, Archive Document Do not assume content reflects current scientific knowledge, policies, or practices. ANNUAL REPORT OP THE BARBERRY ERADICATION CAMPAIGN, 192S, WITH SUMMARIZED RESULTS POR 191S-192S, INCLUSIVE. Office of Cereal Crops and Diseases, Bureau of Plant Industry U. S. Department of Agriculture Washington, D. C. February, 1929- NOT FOR PUBLICATION INDEX Introduction ------ -___ _____________________ Organization and Finances -- Surveys --------------------------------- First Survey ------------------- ----------- Resurveys Second Survey ----------------------------- Combined Resurvey and Second Survey Eradication Escaped Barberries and Seedlings -------------------- Investigations ------------------------------ Stem Rust Epidemiology Studies --------------------- Wheat Rust ------------------------------- Oat Rust ------------------------------- Rust from Barberries ----- — ------------------- Classification of Barberry Species, Varieties, and Hybrids ------- Inoculation of Barberry Species, Varieties, and Hybrids with Stem Rust - Publicity and Educational Activities ------------------- Publicity and Educational Materials Distributed, 1928 --------- Publicity and Educational Materials Distributed, 1918-1928 ------- Summarized Results ---------------------------- Summary for 1928 ---------------------------- Summarized Results from 1918 to 192S, Inclusive ------------ Tables: 1. First Survey, Properties, Jan. 1 to Dec. 31, 1928 ---------- 2* First Survey, Bushes and Seedlings, Jan. 1 to Dec. 31, 1928 - - - - - 3. First Survey, Properties, April 1, 1913, to Dec. 31, 1928 ------ 4. First Survey, Bushes and Seedlings, April 1, 1913, to Dec. 31, 1928 - 5. Second Survey, Properties, Jan. 1 to Dec. 31, 1928 --------- 6. Second Survey, Bushes and Seed-lings., -Jan. 1 to Dec. 31, 1928 - - - - 7. Second Survey, Properties, Jan. 1, 1922, to Dec. 31, 1928 ------ 8. Second Survey, Bushes and Seedlings, Jan. 1, 1922, to Dec. 31, 192S - 9- Resurvey, Properties, Jan. 1 to Dec. 31, 1928 ------------ 10. Resurvey, Sprouting Bushes and Seedlings, Jan. 1 to Dec. 31, 1928 - - 11. Resurvey, Properties, April 1, 1918, to Dec. 31, 1928 12. Resurvey, Sprouting Bushes and Seedlings, Apr. 1, 1913, to Dec. 31,1928 13. Eradication, 1928 ---------------------------- 14. Eradication, 1918 to 1928 -- ----------- -------- 15. Chemicals, Quantities Used, Jan. 1 to Dec. 31, 1928 ---------- 16. Chemicals, Quantities Used, Sept. 1, 1921, to Dec. 31, 1928 ------ 17. Grand Summary , Original Bushes , Sprouting Bushes, and Seedlings, Jan. 1 to Dec. 31, 1928 7 18. Grand Summary , Original Bushes , Sprouting Bushes, and Seedlings ,1918-1928 19- Grand Summary by Years , Original Bushes , Sprouting Bushes, and Seedlings, 1918 to 1928 Maps: Numbers of Barberry Bushes and Seedlings Destroyed, 1918-1928 ------ Rural Properties on Which All Barberry Bushes Were Found, All Surveys, 1928 Cities in Which Common Barberry Bushes Were Found, All Surveys, 1928 Rural Properties on Which Barberry Bushes Were Found, All Surveys , 191o-1928 Cities in Which Barberry Bushes Were Found, All Surveys, 1912-1923 Rural Properties on Which Escaped Barberry Bushes Were Found, All Surveys, 1918-1923 Rural Properties on Which and Cities in Which Barberry Seedlings i.ere i: oun All Surveys, 1918-1928 ---------------------- 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 4 5 5 5 7 8 10 10 10 12 13 14 l4 14 16 17 15 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 23 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 > ♦ 4 <1* f REPORT OF PROGRESS IN BARBERRY ERADICATION FOR THE CALENDAR YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31 , 1928 By Lynn D. Hutton, Associate Pathologist in Charge, and Hugh E. Clark, Clerk INTRODUCTION On December 31, 1928, the eleventh year of the barberry-eradication campaign was concluded. During 1928, new and improved methods of survey and eradication were adopted and have proved successful. Continued pub- licity and educational activities have resulted in a closer cooperation of property owners. More c omp rehen sive data on the occurrence and spread of stem rust have been added. Additional information has been secured relative to the distribution, viability, and longevity of barberry seeds. Two important conferences in 1928 resulted in a greater solidarity and unity of the campaign as a whole. The first of these was the annual conference, which was held at the Nebraska College of Agriculture, Lincoln, Nebr. , from March 19 to p4, iniOusive. At this conference the problems and progress of the first ten ;>ears of barberry eradication were reviewed in detail, and a comprehensive future program was discussed and determined upon. The second conference was combined with a field trip through eastern Nebraska, Iowa, northwestern Illinois, southwestern Wisconsin, Minnesota, South Dakota, and North Dakota. This conference was held August 6 to 19, inclusive. As a result of this conference and field trip actual survey and eradication operations were studied simultaneously by the State Leaders, and joint determinations were made as to the best survey and eradication methods in comparable areas in all of the barberry- eradication States. ORGANIZATION AND FINANCES The barberry- eradication campaign is conducted by the Office of Cereal Crops and Diseases, Bureau of Plant Industry, U. S. Department of Agricul- ture, in cooperation with the State colleges of agriculture, the State de- partments of agriculture, and other agencies, in the 13 States of Colorado, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Michigan, Minnesota, Montana, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, Wisconsin, and Wyoming. -1- Enough of the funds for the campaign appropriated for the fiscal year beginning July 1, 1327, was reserved to finance adequately the spring activities in 1928. Therefore, the progress made during 1928 represents approximately the progress possible under the appropriation of one fiscal year. This amount includes a Federal appropriation of $375,000 and approx- imately $82,000 in aid furnished by the States and other cooperating agen- cies. As heretofore, the activities of the campaign were directed along the four major lines , (l) surveys, (2) eradication, (3) investigations, and (4) publicity and education. SURVEYS During the year a new system of survey was evolved and successfully put into practice. This new system increases the size of the field squad from four to six men, one of whom is the squad leader. The squad leader is in immediate charge of his squad and is directly responsible for its method of contact, thoroughness of survey, and completeness of eradica- tion. The squad leader does not work in line with his men as heretofore, but follows the squad and continually checks upon the efficiency of each man, as well as of the squad as a unit. The squad leader also deploys his men as the circumstances demand in the various types of territory. This method, or some approved modification of it, was used in 1928 in the first and second survey in each of the States with a resulting increase in survey eff iciency. Four orders of survey were carried on during the year. These were (l) first survey, (2) resurvey, (3) second survey, and (4) combined resur- vey and second survey. First Survey At the beginning of the year some counties remained in Illinois, Mich- igan, Montana, and Ohio which had not yet been covered by a first survey for barberries. The counties which it seemed necessary to cover by first survey in the other nine States were completed before 1925. During the year 10.53 counties were surveyed for the first time. These included 3.0 counties in Illinois, 0.62 counties in Michigan, 6.30 counties in Montana, and 0.6l counties in Ohio. During the year 1,405,660 bushes and seedlings were found on 547 properties in this first survey. -2- The first survey now is completed in Montana. The following numbers of counties remain to be completed in the other three States: Illinois, 22 counties; Michigan, the equivalent of 7 counties; and Ohio, 0.2 of one county. Re surveys Resurveys of properties upon which bushes and seedlings previously had been found and destroyed were made in approximately l4.5 counties in 1923. Resurveys were limited to those counties in which it ’was believed fruiting bushes had appeared since the previous survey and "which would be a source of seed distribution before the next complete survey could be carried on. Every effort was made to minimize the amount of resurvey in order to make available a larger percentage of the appropriation for furthering the inten- sive surveys. In 1923, 4,522 sprouting bushes and 2o,920 seedlings were destroyed on 195 properties on the resurveys. During the entire campaign 317,225 sprouting bushes and 3,006,903 seedlings have been found on 14,112 properties on resurveys. Second Survey A second survey is being carried on in each of the States. The second survey is made to find bushes which may have escaped observation on tne first survey, bushes which have grown from seed since the first survey , ^and new planted bushes which may have been brought in from States outside oi the eradication area. Because of its intensive nature, progress oi the sec- ond survey is much slower than that of the first survey in the same counties. It is believed that this intensive survey definitely will clean up many large areas so that additional complete surveys will not be necessary. On the other hand, in heavily infested areas the second survey will not com- pletely eliminate all of the bushes and subsequent complete surveys and re- surveys will be necessary. In 1923, approximately 15 counties were covered in the second survey. A total of 249.5 counties has been covered by the second survey during the^ entire campaign. A total of 91,972 original bushes and seedlings was found on 595 properties on second survey in 1923. Since the beginning 01 tne second survey in 1922, 564,112 original bushes and seedlings have been found on 5,132 properties. -3- Combined He survey and Second Survey Whenever possible the re survey activity in a county is delayed until it can be combined with the more complete and intensive second survey. The combining of these two activities depends upon the length of time that the known properties can be left without a reinspection, in view of the danger of sprouting bushes producing fruit or starting destructive stem- rust epidemics. The combination of these two activities whenever possible has materially reduced individual resurveys and has resulted in a true economy of operation. ERADICATION A still greater percentage of barberry bushes and seedlings were killed with salt and kerosene this year than ever before. Although other chemicals were tested for this purpose during the year, none was found to be as effect tive, cheap, and easy to obtain and apply as these two. In the calendar year 1928, more than 331 tons of salt and 1,359 gallons of kerosene were used to destroy 1,499,765 original bushes, sprouting bushes, and seedlings on 1,097 properties, whereas 21, 06? original bushes, sprouting bushes, and seedlings were dug or pulled from 553 properties. The total number eradicated by all methods during the year was 1,520,832 bushes, sprouting bushes, and seedlings. The effectiveness of salt and kerosene as agents for killing the bar- berry is well exemplified by the following figures: In 1923, before the results of chemical eradication were included in the resurvey reports, 106,700 sprouting bushes were found. The comparable figure for each year has been materially less, although equally as many previously destroyed bushes were inspected on the resurveys. In 1928, only 4,522 sprouting bushes were found. Avery great majority of the bushes from which these sprouts had grown never had been treated v/ith chemicals, but had been dug. Escaped Barberries and Seedlings One of the principal difficulties in complete eradication of all bar- berries is the finding and destroying of the bushes that have grown from scattered seeds. Seeds from thousands of old fruiting bushes have been scattered to adjacent properties, so that numerous areas now exist in which escaped barberries and seedlings are growing under conditions that make com- plete eradication extremely difficult. In 1928, a definite attempt was made to eradicate all of the hushes and seedlings from some of the larger areas so that further seed spread in those areas will not he possible. Foot-by-foot surveys were carried on in all such areas of escaped hushes. The survey in each area was extended to at least two miles beyond the limits of the last fruiting escaped hush, in order to insure that the outer edges of the area were found. By this method of preventing hushes from fruiting, the further spread of barberries is being prevented. By additional surveys at 5-year intervals all of the bushes produced from seeds now lying in the ground eventually will be destroyed, and the areas will be cleared of bushes. During the year a grand total of 1,510,527 escaped bushes and seedlings was destroyed. This is approximately 99 Per cent of the total number of bushes destroyed during the year. The figures show how proportionately important the es- caped- bush problem is. INVESTIGATIONS The three investigational phases of the barberry eradication campaign previously carried on were continued during 1928- These are: (l) stem- rust epidemiology studies, (2) classification of barberry species, varie- ties, and hybrids, and (3) the inoculation of barberry species, varieties, and hybrids with stem rust. Stem Rust Epidemiology Studies In 1928, under the supervision of Dr. E. C. Stakman / University Earn, St. Paul, Minn., the stem-rust epidemiology studies again were car- ried forward under three general divisions. (l) A study of the develop- - ment of rust during the growing season, (2) controlled experiments on the effect of temperature on the development of rust, and (3) a historical study of the relation between weather and the development of rust epidemics. Following is Dr. Stakman's report on these activities: -'The following persons were engaged in the study during all or part of the season: Dr. E. C. Stakman, Dr. E. B. Lambert, Dr. H. B. Humphrey, Mr. J. M. Wallace, Mr. Wallace Butler, Mr. H. H. Thornberry, and Dr. J. J. Christensen. In addition, the members of the regular rust investigational staff, certain other members of the Office of Cereal Crops and Diseases, and the State Leaders of barberry eradication cooperated closely and fur- nished much very valuable information. -5- "In studying the development of rust during the growing season in 192<3, an attempt was made to find out, first of all, the source of rust. For this reason a study again was made of the overwintering of the ure- dinial stage of the ruse, of the possible northward migration of rust from the Far South, and of the development of local and regional epidemics from barberries. As stem rust does by far its greatest damage in the hard- spring wheat area, an attempt was made especially to find out the relative amount of rust due to urediniospores blown into that region from the south and that due to aeciospores from barberries within the region, as well as from barberries immediately surrounding the region. ,fIt was perfectly evident that little if any rust overwintered in the uredinial stage, even in southern Texas. As a' matter of fait there was no evidence whatever that the uredinial stage of Puceinia graminis tritici overwintered on wheat in Texas, and only one case of overwintering of P. graminis avenae (on oats) was observed there. Ho rust could be found on wheat in Texas during the winter. A small amount appeared early in March under circumstances which suggested strongly that it had been blown in from farther south, probably Mexico. Owing to the dry weather, the rust appar- ently disappeared later in the month and reappeared about the middle of April. From that time- on it developed with moderate rapidity, although, in general, relatively little was produced. ; "Two methods were used in an attempt to find out whether the rust was blown northward from Texas early enough and in sufficient quantity to ac- count for the rust which developed farther north: (l) direct observations on the development of rust from- south to north, and (2) physiologic-form surveys of P. graminis tritici and ?. graminis avenae . " " '■ ~ -;'T- : ■ ■' • The at Rust ^There was a gradual extension of the rust from the south tb the north, but this migraticn .7 as late and slow. Stem rust appeared on wheat in Kansas and Nebraska from 10 to l4 days later than it usually does. It was first found in the spring-wheat area about June 20, but it Was very scarce until the first week of July. While there was some direct evidence, therefore, that the rust gradually extended from the south to the north, it is perfect- ly clear that it came too lage and in too small quantities to do. much dam- age. Even if considerable quantities of rust had been blown northward early in the season, there is evidence that it would not have caused much damage. -6- "The forms of P. graminis tritici which predominated in Mexico, Texas, and Oklahoma in 1928 normally can not infect most of the hard winter wheats and the hard spring wheats- Approximately 600 collections of rusted wheat from Mexico and the United States have been tested so far. Of these, about 300 have been identified. There was so little rust on many of the collections that it was not possible to determine the phys- iologic forms present. Prom the results so far obtained, however, it is perfectly evident that form 38 of P. graminis tritici was by far the most prevalent form in Mexico and southern United States. This form can not cause heavy infection on many hard winter wheats. Marquis and most of the other hard spring wheats are resistant to it, and its effect on the dururns is variable. It made its way into the hard-winter and spring- wheat areas also but could not develop rapidly and destructively because of its inability to attack normally most of the varieties grown in those regions. The results are significant for two reasons, first, because they show that the forms of rust which may be blown from the south to the north in considerable quantity in some seasons may not be dangerous for the var- ieties of wheat grown in the north. Purthermore, it seems probable that a physiologic-form survey in the Par South early in the season will make possible a prediction as to the probable development of rust in the north, especially after most of the barberries are eradicated." Oat Rust "An extensive physiologic-form survey also was made of P. graminis_ avenae , and about 300 collections have been identified. Porms 2 and 5 only were found, and they were so universally distributed that the survey did not contribute directly to an interpretation of the rust situation this year. "It is perfectly evident, then, that rust did not overwinter to any extent in Texas, that which did develop there apparently having been blown in from Mexico. This rust spread gradually northward but late enough in the spring so that it probably did not do much damage farther north. Pur- thermore, it is very significant that even had this rust been blown north- ward earlier in the season it probably would have done but little damage because of the fact that the physiologic forms which were blown northward could not infect the oat varieties grown in the north. " Rust from Barberries An attempt also was made . to find out whether the rust from "barberry bushes in Missouri, Kansas, northeastern Iowa, southwestern Wisconsin, and southeastern Minnesota developed early enough and in sufficient quan- tity to furnish abundant inoculum for the infection of grains and grasses in the spring wheat area* A large number of barberry bushes were ey^uined in these different areas. It was quite evident, however, that, under the conditions prevailing in 1928, they were not responsible for the develop- ment of much rust farther north. Barberries were rusted as far south as McPherson, Kans., and Union, Mo., but, in general, they became infected later than usual- The first observed cases of the development of rust near barberries were in Iowa and Kansas on June 9. While local epidemics developed later in quite a number of cases near bushes, it was evident that these epidemics extended over rather small areas, furthermore, most of the rust in these areas proved to be of the Secalis - and Agrostis varieties, and •would therefore not infect wheat and oats farther north. n within the barberry- eradication area some destructive local epidemics of rust developed near barberries, even though the bushes became rusted later than usual- In the southeastern section of the area, where the bushes usually become infected between the middle of April and the first of May, the aecia did not mature this year until the first or second week in May. In the more northern States mature aecia were not found until late in May. The rust began to spread from the bushes to grains and grasses correspond- ingly late. Nevertheless some very interesting situations developed. Some of *he outstanding cases of the development of local epidemics near bushes were observed in Grant County, S. Dak.; near Reynolds, Grand Fork County, IT. Dak.; Nicollet County, Minn.; at several places in Iowa, and in the Black Earth district of Wisconsin. Probably the most significant cases were those in Grant County, S. Dak., near Reynolds, N. Dale. , and in Nicollet County, Minn. There was evidence that regional epidemics developed from the bushes at these places. There is, as a matter of fact, some cir- cumstantial evidence that the rather heavy infestation of rust in west- central Minnesota may have been attributable to the spread of rust from bar- berries in the Grant County area of South Dakota- A fairly careful study was made of the epidemic near Reynolds , N. Dak. , but the observations were made too late to got conclusive evidence on the exact distance to which the epidemic extended from the bushes. The spread from the bushes was well defined for a distance of l4 miles- A distinct regional epidemic spread from bushes in Nicollet County. Minn. Weather conditions were not particularly favorable for rust this year. Nevertheless many local and some regional epidemics occurred near barberry bushes. This is indicative of what would have happened had the millions of barberry bashes already eradicated not been removed, and it indicates also what would happen were the barberry bushes still here permitted to remain and multiply. It is highly significant also that the physiologic forms of P. graminis tritici isolated from barberries were more virulent than were those isolated from most of the collections from the south. -8- MA study of the relation of weather to the development of rust in 1928 feveals the following facts: The weather was not particularly favor- able for overwintering of the uredinial stage of rust in the south nor for its development in the spring. There was relatively little rainfall in much of the barberry- eradication area in May, and barberries therefore did not become so heavily infected as they often do. This dry weather undoubtedly reduced the amount of inoculum by reducing the number of aeciospores on barberries and by preventing the aeciospores from infecting grains and grasses early in the season. The month of June was exception- ally cold, and the rust therefore could not develop rapidly, "while the average temperature for July was slightly below normal in much of the hard red spring-wheat area, the weather conditions during most of the grow- ing season in this month were favorable for rust development. Relatively little rust developed, however, because of the fact that it got a late start in the spring, both because of the relatively small amount blown up from the south and the comparatively light infection of barberries in many regions, and because of unfavorable conditions for rust development during June. Furthermore, as previously mentioned, most of the rust which appar- ently was blown up from the south was not able to attack normally the varieties of hard wheats grown farther north. “A study was made, under controlled conditions, of the effect of tem- perature on infection and incubation of stem rust and certain leaf rusts. Some important results have been obtained, but further work must be done before final conclusions can be drawn. HA historical study was made of the relation between temperature in the spring-wheat area and the development of rust epidemics. It was found that there is a tendency for epidemics to develop in years when the temper- atures are above normal during the growing season, and vice versa- It is evident, however, that precipitation also is an important factor, and the conclusions with respect to the effect of temperature are valid only on the assumption that there is sufficient precipitation for rust development. A preliminary paper—/ and a more detailed report-/ embodying these results have been published. n — /^Stakman, E. C. , and E. B. Lambert. The relation of temperature during the growing season in the spring wheat area of the United States to the occurrence of stem rust epidemics. Phytopath. 18 (4): 369-374. 1928. ^Lambert, E. 3. The relation of weather to the development of stem rust in the Mississippi Valley. Phytopath. 19 (l); 1-71. 1929* -9- Classification of Barberry Species, Varieties, and Hybrids In 1928, under the supervision of Mr. B. Y. Morrison, Senior Horticul- turist, additional species, varieties, and Hybrids of barberries have -been assembled, grown, and studied at Bell, Maryland, the U. S.->- Plant Field - Station. The Berberis collection at Bell now includes most of the barberry species and varieties that are grown or are likely 'to be grown in' the United States. Descriptions, as well as actual herbarium specimens of these bushes, are being obtained and furnished to the State Leaders in barberry eradication to assist them in identifying undetermined hushes found in the progress of the surveys. .. Inoculation of Barberry Species,- Varieties, and Hybrids, 1 ■ with 'Stem Rust - • •• • In 192S, Mr. Ralph U. Cotter, Agent, University Farm,' St. Paul-, -Minn. , inoculated 63 species and varieties of Berberis with four varieties of Puccinia graminis. Mr. Cotter's report of this • work is as follows: "In the trials of l6 of these, the checks did not become 'infected, leaving 4? species and varieties upon 'which data are available. - Infection occurred upon the checks of the series in which 24 species’ or varieties were included, but not upon the plants tested. Twenty-three of the species and varieties inoculated became infected in addition to the check, the infection ranging from- very light 'to very heavy. hui . , "Ho new species were added 'to the list of susceptible species , but one variety. 3.- wilsonae ■ 'Autumn' Cheer, was found to' be susceptible. Those uninfected species which were included in .series of which the check was infected are: B> insignis , B. gilgiana, B. edgewo r th iana , B. bergmanniana, 3. cireums errata, and B. California- (The latter species has compound leaves but is called Berberis , following the;' nomenclature of Blake.) The trials of these species range from one -to six in number but are considered too few to justify placing them in the immune class at the present time."- • PUBLICITY AHD a,. • / V{, . Undoubtedly more emphasis was given to the publicity ’and educational activities during 1928 than in any previous year of the campaign- On May 1, 1928, Mr. John L. Richardson was appointed Agent in charge of field publicity activities* Through the combined efforts of Mr. Richardson, Mr. Donald G. Fletcher, Secretary of The Conference for the Prevention of Grain Rust, Mr. G. D» George, who is in charge of State Fair demonstrations, and the State Leaders of barberry eradication, the publicity program for the year was carried out far better, and, in addition, a long-time program has been outlined. -10- In the yeaf 82 news articles were prepared for distribution through the college press association at the Various agricultural colleges, 46 arti- cles were released through nation-wide press associations, including the U. S. Department of Agriculture Press Service, 1,253 articles were given to individual newspapers, and 53 long articles were published in farm papers. Window displays were placed in 327 post offices, banks, county agent offices, and stores. Seventy-nine fair demonstrations, 4l roadside demonstrations, 38 street demonstrations, 2 shhool demonstrations, and 3 demonstrations at festivals were erected during the year. Seventeen dem- onstrations were made of the spread of stem rust from barberries to near- by grains and grasses. The lantern slide series, "The Common Barberry and Black Stem Rust," was shown 200 times, and the barberry-eradication motion picture, 49 times. A total of 21 radio broadcasts was made* Speakers from within the organization talked at 18S schools, l44 farm meetings, 38 meetings of business men, 23 luncheon club meetings, and 4o other meetings* The educational activities through schools and other organizations also were analyzed and improved- More suitable lesson plans, teachers* guides, laboratory exercises, and study materials have been prepared dur- ing the year. A closer cooperation has been established with the State superintendents of public instruction, the county superintendents of schools, city superintendents of schools, and the teachers themselves. Lesson plans, bulletins, specimens, and other study materials were furnished to 28,86l grade schools in the eradication area during the year. Similar types of information prepared for the use of more mature students were sent to nearly every high school, and to over half of the universi- ties, colleges, and normal schools in the area. Literature and specimens also were furnished to Boys and Girls Clubs, and similar organizations in each State. In 1928, the U« S. Department of Agriculture distributed 624,909 copies of bulletins, circulars, lesson plans, circular letters, and other pieces of printed matter in furthering the publicity and educational acti- vities. The Conference for the Prevention of Grain Rust printed and dis- tributed 538,502 pieces of printed matter, and the cooperating States 57,677 pieces. This makes a total of 1,221,088 pieces distributed by all three agencies in 1928. As a result of the improved and increased publi- city and educational matter, more complete public cooperation Was obtained than ever before. Following is a summary of the publicity and educational materials fur- nished and distributed by the U. S. Department of Agriculture, The Confer- ence for the Prevention of Grain Rust, and the 13 cooperating States dur- ing the period from January 1 to December 31, 1928. A second table shows the comparable figures for the period from the beginning of the campaign to December 31, 1928. -11- Publicity and educational matter furnished and distributed by the U- S. Department of Agriculture, The Conference for the Prevention of Grain Rust, and the 13 cooperating States, in furthering the Barberry Eradication Campaign in the period from January 1, to December 31, 1928, inclusive Kind of Material Bulletins and Circulars Multigraphed State Annual Reports Posters Colored Plates Rust Loss Statements Lesson Plans Lesson Plan Covers Laboratory Outlines , Microscope Slides (Sets of 3)^ Envelopes for Grain Samples Rusted Straw Specimen Cards Barberry Specimen Envelope s&/ Life Cycle Models (Sets) School Display Sets Mimeographed Radio Talks Circular Letters Return Cards Maps (Rotaprinted) Reprint of Newspaper Articles Hang-Me-Up Cards Calendar Cards Darning Blotters Miscellaneous Totals S. D. A. Conference: States: Totals 322,909 15,296 54,677 392,882 9,300 — — 9,300 100 — 3,000 3,100 — 139,551 139,551 — 25,000 — 25,000 4?, ooo — — 47,000 — 6,000 — 6,000 — 29,369 — 29,369 — 3,229 — 3,229 4o,ooo — — 40,000 35,000 — — — — 35,000 — 66,4oi — 66 , 401 1 1 — 60 — 60 1,000 — — 1,000 111,100 — — 111,100 6 , 500 42,875 — 49,375 19 .ooo — — 19,000 — 62,213 — 62,213 15,000 — — 15,000 — 4q , 202 — 40 , 202 — 78,023 — 78,023 18,000 30,282 — 48,282 624,909 538 , 502 57,677 1 .,221,088 U.S.D.A. and Conference, cooperatively. -12- Publicity and educational matter furnished and distributed by the U. S» Department of Agriculture, The Conference for the Prevention of Grain Rust, and the 13 cooperating States '.in furthering the Barberry Eradication Campaign in the period from April 1, 1918, to December 31, 1928, inclusive Kind of Material : U. S.D. A AdGunferehoe States- r Totals 7^ — c — : — — trt: r :< i " Bulletins and Circulars. ; ;-i:. •• •-' 2,055,309 1,152,9.66 . 56.6:, 04 7 3,804,922 Multigraphed State Annual Reports ' .9,300 . (4 • f — . 9,300 Posters, 1 '350,355 , 159,205 3,000 542 , 560 Colored' Plates' • ' so, ,6oc ?15 ,'36's - — - ■ 735,368 Rust Loss Statements — , 29s, 64s. . , • V -. 29s , 6.48 Lesson Plans /’ L .. 11 4,0 CO;. •• •4-4 ’ — '• 114,000 Lesson Plan Covers : :y. 4— . p 64000 : 6,000 Laboratory Outlines ' . — 29,369 •4' '29,369' Microscope Slides (Sets ;of 3)44 - •• --- 3,229 — ... * 3,229 Envelopes for Grain Samples',- ;4o,000 : ■ — - — 4 40,000 Rusted St ran Specimen Cards ., .. •'•'60,000 — 60,000 Barberry Specimen Envelopes^/ 216, 5S7 — 216,587 Life Cycle Models (Sets) 1 ---■ ■ 1 School Display Sets — .- - . 60 60 Mimeographed Circulars r..;C . 3, 000 ' " — 3,000 Mimeographed Radio ; Talks 17,000 — 17,000 Circular Letters 277,600 ..150 ,-695 428,295 Return Cards , - 1-39,-560'! ’ 35.3;, 075 • ■' ■ - — - 392,575 Maps (Rotaprintea) . •••19,000 " . 0* — -•* ' --- 19,000 Reprints of Bevspaper Articles . , . P V . 85,563 85 , 563 Hang-Me-Up Cards • 30, 000 ' 44" • " -— 30 , 000 Cross Lord Puzzle . - • ■ ' • : . " -I-' ' 4, , .3,000. 3,000 Dodgers " ' ' . s - 72,350 — 72,350 Calendar Cards ---- ' ' "100,202 ■ 100 , 202 Official Personnel Lists, etc. — .. •4,8,50a 5 --- . . 48,500 Warning Blotters •• i-:; •••—■•- 78,023- 78,023 Miscellaneous - ; 1 •181 OOO " '. '184,8.02... 202,802 Totals ' ^ ' 3,053, 664;;;: 3,71 7 , 643 569,047 7,340,354 a / ...... U.S.D.A. and Conference, cooperatively,- '"4(4 ■ . • - ,‘i- ■ y : ; -13- SUMMARIZED RESULTS Summary for 1928 During the calendar year 1928 approximately 10.5 counties were covered in the first survey, and approximately 15 counties were surveyed a second time. In continuing the resurvey approximately l4.5 counties were covered. Original bushes numbering 111,464 were found on 1,302 prop- erties and 112,080 original bushes were destroyed on 1,395 properties in all surveys during the year. These totals include 48,217 bushes found on 595 properties in second survey. In the resurvey 4,522 sprouting bushes were found and 4,522 were destroyed. A total of 1,403,830 seedlings was found and a total of 1,4o4,230 seedlings was destroyed in the first sur- vey, second survey, and resurveys. A grand total of 1,519,816 original bushes, sprouting bushes, and seedlings was found and a grand total of 1,520,832 was destroyed. The figures showing the numbers destroyed in- clude some original bushes and seedlings found in previous years but not destroyed until 1928. Summarized Results from April 1, 1918, to December 31, 1928. Inclusive In the 10 years of the campaign from April 1, 1918, to December 31, 1928, an area equivalent to approximately 892 counties has been covered in the first survey of cities, towns, and farmsteads. Approximately 29 relatively unimportant counties remain to be surveyed a first time. These counties are in the southern part of Illinois and in the northern peninsula of Michigan. The first survey of nearly all cities, towns, and villages in the entire 13 States has been completed. Approximately 249.5 counties, of the counties covered by first survey, have been surveyed a second time. These comprise about 27 per cent of the total number of counties that ultimately will be covered by the first sur- vey. Resurveys of infested locations in most of the counties covered by the first or second survey to June 30, 1925, have been made to destroy all sprouts or seedlings which have appeared since eradication. Original bushes numbering 7,024,333 have been located on 78,259 prop- erties in all three surveys. Of these 7,022,533 bushes have been destroyed on 78,208 properties. ~l4- In resurvey 317,225 sprouting Pushes were found on 14,112 properties. Of these, 316,963 have been destroyed. In all surveys, 10,250,666 seed- lings were found and 10,247,730 were destroyed. These numbers include 236,273 bushes and 327,334 seedlings found, and 236,272 bushes and 327,- 334 seedlings destroyed on second survey. This makes a grand total of 17,592,224 original bushes, sprouting bushes, and seedlings found, and 17,537,276 original bushes, sprouting bushes and seedlings destroyed, in all three surveys during the entire campaign. Credit and appreciation are hereby gladly given to State Leaders, Agents, and Collaborators who have supplied data, and to Miss Burnis Benson and Miss Daphne Anderson and others who have aided in the prepar- ation of this report. -15- FIRST SURVEY, PROPERTIES, January 1 to December 31, 192S IP n 01 3 is E-l 9 — ! p A ■V3 0 b •ri &t P & 1 P 0 rd rd O P 0 0 © >■ 4-> 03 £ 0 P 0 P 0 05 P • b.f © £4 p P 0 > • • » •> 0 •H M Pi 1— t O xj &n- u 0 P ' p 0 Q tO 4-1 0 p xt 0 4 P» P 0 P fH P 1 1 i P 01 P O 0 -H Pi pj O 0 eg fcH p P P4P» Vi 4i xi 0 O 0 4-5 p x< P 0 0 © P» P P P PH p 0 p r-t O 53 c n 4J © P 0 •H e-t H> • ® • • p • • • • • • iH 03 & rP rH 0 xj +> O P •<-t p S +J 4-5 p p p: O •M 0 £ tH 0 0 p 0 xi h 73 Cl p 0 O 4-5 0 •rl 4-t P p +» P P 0 0 c® 0 9 00 0 P 0 X( Pi © bQ 0 03 O & P P P 0 P •H P P Pi W > O 0} 0 P 05 P 4-( A w 0 ra O 05 P CA 03 P PI 0 p 0 •ri & ,0 4-5 0 •rH 3 0 Pi xi P P M P P 4h O 01 •H >» 0 xi P 0 P •H © •H 0 +» P bO M P> ri 0 •H JI5 P P > p tn P 0 0 0 53 0 0 © P to KC^tOVjDHtOCVJWtOOlO CM O h h in o -d- r-J CO CO 00 VO O^t- O rl M M H H O tO 3- CTS CO o-d-tn OrHcr»J-^o r-t 00 o cr\ to hJ- wo rH c\j rH tn OMO o O'Sj* to VO H CO rt w o H JUJ WJ'^f rl O H W r — t r— I o Q in to tO VO VO ph to CT\V0 GO VO CO W M H to O rl 3 1—t to to CM 1 — ’ i — t rH 1 — I t — f CO < — I £> to CO £>VO Q.4* CM CO Pi* O CO CM CO <7\ M H W CO C» CM CO iH rH CM CTv CT^i O W H H o CM r-t I> *> VD Q r-tcnvovoocn cm stoics H CM coco wwcvvowwtotn ovn co to WVO H H H VO P* o o CM VO o CO f— I VO o to O O O O VO ! to I to § $ g IS £ t -H .. O -H 'H 6 # O , -l6~ CO GO CM CO CM CM o Totals 10.53 342 74l 960 1,302 509 SS6 1,395 293 Et I — 1 0 CO P g !-( p 0 rt*i 0 O 0 P 0 P P n d H c\3 CO C\J oc i — i CO f-l 0 "s 0 o 0 p o P >s Er CO B P I p CO CO p ffi CO p m Ecj > CO EH CO pH n p CCS p p 0 p ?H O -H p El 0 s rg P 3 p p OJ o- O' o o- O' P CO o in p- 0 o >0 o p VQ p OJ o ocvo OJ p co CO p CO o in uo p oc CO VO o in CTO O' CO OJ O' co p l — [ OJ P o- co p- co OJ o i — 1 1 — l p" CM r — 1 CO o o- CM O i — 1 o o O' p p P O P OJp- P j3r p o 1 — 1 1 — 1 0 O OJ p P P CO rH p CO o p - ~ - — ' ' as P rH CM OJ co 0 VO CO OJ fn 1 1 1 — 1 Eh o O VO OV O O P P 0- O P O' P" O VO OJ VO P MO CO CO MO CO CO H CO VO CO CO H O- CO in CMpp-C0P"0-Pp"POi>P OJ OCCOCVILO OVOPO-O-O-PPP OJOO-G>PPPi>PMOPVO P CM P JDJ f> OJ ac p OJ oc ac VO CO CO CO CO OJ Er 0 CM 0- ZN O O' O' P co o P P CO o o rd a3 P P VO P OJ o avvo CM OJ CO CO P p 0 ’"d o in P p OC CO O- o p cn O' p CO >5 £ p cl •» •» m ** •* o 0 P p O' co p ,H CM 1 — l O' CO p H o MO co CM o p cti (P 1 1 i — l -d* CO O * - 0 1 1 rH p 0 p CM f — 1 CO o O' OP 1 — 1 rH o- p CM o p -p 0 l — 1 a> co OJ P p VO l — 1 O' O' CO 1 — 1 OJ 1 1 CO 6 >r. cti OJ o O' OH O p p o- 1 — 1 P P VO o n o -P •* •* •H E< o 1 — I CM P P O' CM (T\ CM p 4—) Eh P 1 1 OJ 1 1 £} CO CO rH p >> 0 o 0 • • «» p p o- CO rH VO Z> CO p CO p- OJ O- CM CO £ CO rd o CO P P P O- 1 — 1 p P VO 1 — 1 CO rH CO 0 0 OJ CO LTD CO VO CTV p rH O- OJ in P 0 p p • - - •* - CO cc3 CM P rH VO rH OM CO CO P pi 0 P rH P o 2 £ p E. l — 1 p o Eh o CH 0 o . • . • El CO OOP" VO O' p o OJ O'M P z> p VO O CM H Er pp- CO O P OMJMO 1 1 i — 1 o CM VO CD rd a> y 1 — 1 rH rH P P OJ OJ VO 1 — 1 1 1 VO P El P p ** as p 1 1 - P p vo p- 1 rH o i — 1 i — 1 p l — 1 l — 1 O' O- to P" 0 O & i — 1 p o o CM CT» Z> 1 — 1 P P OJ P P P P H n CM GO VO P P o LO i — ! OJ P o P p 44> *» •* *» CO o >3 o CM P P £> OJ m GO 0 'tH P P 1 — 1 OJ O CO 4--* 0 CO p * • H> 0 P VO o P P P" CM o CO o cn CM CTJ O O' P p p: o CM p p vo o CTJ VO hH OQ p- 1 — l P o p p w o o • . « 0 - P CO CO CO OP- Z> P P VO P OVO O VO p- o Ph © in p CM p p cjv cn cm p p vo ac £ CO 0 •rH rH 1 1 i — i Co CM CM CM CM p •H &0 p 4^> o H 'H 4-^> OJ o •H p o ca p rH 0 f — 1 al cti 0 p CO p CM ai aj M P p o •H •H p r« 4-^> o o g o rR 1 — l i — I Es o P H •H CO o P a5 o i — t O -H •rH o 0 O p o •H >s EH o 1 — 1 IH p S 33 o GO -1?- Ph P C/D EH CO « tH P=l P o p •H cd p p H-H ‘rH s o EH P p 0) P o l >5 o3 i rd o Oi 0 0 P «P 0 p pqj 0 w •rH 0 O .o CO P •P Ei p aj o •H p -P 0 p p CO CO P Qj £uC a) P rd p b M .« » - p •rH •H a3 rd o P : — 1 - - •H CO P to -P p p ; — 1 0 Jj M Cl 6 0 o a3 •H s 1 1 0 o p •r J •P -p p Eh PU Pi S p o •rn .o Pd o P 0 1 Eh p o . FO p o ! & p 0? 0 0 p o J2- 1 — 1 Pd cm •rH CO Ph O -p o v/.' 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B r» to CO to JN c- J T c. i — i .35 P rH H cd >5 cm jd rH cu O Cl CTI >s 03 O o o ? — 1 o o o o uo o O 0 rd c 0 J- O o o o o o o !N o o rH P •H 0 ■rH J> • « ■r • * • • r • • » 0 -p P LlO rH O CU 03 UO U3 to CO 03 . — l CO 0 pj 0 •H 3 n to 03 03 \a to m ‘33 U3 to -O c- p > rH CO P o o o P O a 0 0 •H 4- o o 0 oi 0 h4 rid p +3 O 01 Cl o -H o 3 rH i — 1 fe 0 p p r<0 p •rH rH 0 o O rH £ o •iH •H o 0 o od 6 •H Nr O IH 1 — M ^ a 151 55 o to Es £Z2 CU o ru 03 C3J Totals 892-07 51,896 9,?4l 26,363 78,259 67,610 10,598 78,208 4,210 ( — 1 p d CD -R P o R tH P to P OJ GO ** CD rH P op -P - 0 ( 1 r p -R P co i 0 d P VI >3 © d P b£ o p 3 CD *d 0 0) O © o b> CD © to P O CO y CVI p P oo ra o PH o rH -P O 1 — 1 •* 1 — 1 P i — 1 d to 0 • • • • CO rH P P GO S H *H i — f P CD IP P P Tj £} S »H P 0 >3 o O O rH (h 0 P .rl Q -p P M PM o © -p -p -P P s 0 rH - Ti o io oj to P P O ■p rH Oj P P o GO -P EH rH P * CO O O LO VO c- CO to VO CO to vo LO CO o to VO rH CO GO CO to LO CUp- 1 — 1 o LO to O to CO LO p- t> CO VO to to CO CTO t> LO LO CU i> CO CO OOVD LO to 0~ rH z> OJ to CO LO 1 — 1 1 — 1 1 — 1 CVJ CVJ 1 1 rH P- to p - OJ cJ P" 1 — 1 I — 1 o 1 — 1 top- O GO LO to p- o CO to o to o p- VO CTirHVO i — 1 VO VO VO CVJ CO LO p- CO VO O- rH O OJ O-P" vo i — 1 VO o GO p- CO W to top CVI o vo CO vo co i — 1 o rH LO CO CO 1 — l to p" rH z> rH O vo CU GO 1 — 1 CO 1 — 1 1 — 1 o OJ VO LO i> OJ LO P" VO o o GO 0- CO vo rH VO O VO CO VO OJ GO LO CVI z> 1 — 1 LO to t> rH VO CO P" P" 1 — 1 1 — l 1 — 1 o to oo to OJ CO OJ LO LO o vo OOP" LO CO D> co p- CVI I — 1 CM OJ tN CO p- ( — l 1 — 1 CO 1 — 1 OJ o O LO VO 2> CO to vo CO to vo CO vo to vo rH CO GO CO to LO cup- i — i VO LO VO O to W LOP oovo to to LO o vo to in OJ £> CO GO GO VO LO WP o rH O OJ to to LO 1 — 1 1 — I 1 — \ CVI CU LO rH r-H P" to p- OJ #» *• ** OJ p- 1 — 1 1 — 1 o rH to CO O LO rH 1 — 1 GO CO OJ CO £> CO GO O OMO rH 0- VO OO OO i> CO CO r-H to p- VO rH CO rH to OJ 1 — 1 CO LO CO 1 — I o LO LO VO O CO O t> OJ CX\ CO CO 1 — 1 LO P* OJ OJ CO O i — 1 rH CT\ i — 1 OV OJ O vo to CU CO OJ to {> c- o P M 0 CO r- p 'C • • • O 0 "d GO O i>- vo vo to M- to CU o CO o- cn £ VI 0 to o !> VO o> o to tj to rH o CUP- 0 -p to to vo WVOP LO p- CO to •H w b p d to cu p o ra 0? 0 t-H i> O to OOVO 1 — 1 o cu Ph p: p p to O CO cu 1 — 1 LO 1 — 1 CO in t i p EH 1 — 1 1 — l CO rH 1 — 1 p p - * - • * P> O Ph GO to n ounp £> rH VO OJ LO o OJ CO o o o o rH to CO z> o vo rH Vo o 1 — 1 i> cis >3 0 o to co vo LO OJ VO GO OJ C\J CO G^ p; P w p y 1 — 1 p 0 p -p- to GMt o 1 — 1 o 1 — l GV rH GV CO CO p © tO p> PI CU GO GO £> to to r-H GV I-H to. 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Data showing, oy States, the number of barberry bushes and seedlings found and destroyed on second survey co C\J oc CO 0 a 'S 0) o <0 Q o -P OJ oj oc 0 I -D e o 0 M 0 U3 H 0 & o o 1-1 P 0 0 H d 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 Q 0 0 Q 0 a p T i — 1 0 -P o L-H i i m d d U1 0 0 0 > -p «H o 0 i — M 0 d -P 0 © CO Eh 0 0 • » CO r-> o 0 o 0 rQ . „ r^i ■0 o pH d 0 1 — 1 o 0 !-t -P -P o 0 bH 0 nO CO 0 d 0 00 -p 2 0 rQ 0 0 l*H Eh o •* •• 0 0 p *P '■ 1 — 1 0 -p o EH 1 1 d 1 — 1 0 0 d n +3 o o 0H -p EH' CO 3 0 o • > r0 a ■0 CO d 0 0 rQ i — i 0 0 0H O o 0 w 0 .. • • 0 CO 0 rQ 0 0 •H- P -p 6 03 •H -p a d 0 0 1 — 1 0 on aiHiflJ-cnnJoo aim o cjom> h j-m wj- j- st VO,0- io o co in co St i — l IX) sn lO rH m CO oc co CO o I — I I — I CO o ost cuoco om o o co vo o oj £> oj co in o o oo vo oj OIJ-J- O- O CO OJ rH st o,=f Oi i — i i — i st i—i co co co o co co oc in i — l OCVO O Q St oco ai h m Jt cc\ oj o o ojvo.o OJOCO-rHj-VOOJJ-^J- (T\ OJ jtio J- in o co in co , . co o St rH SO SJO h LO rH CO in rH CO rH rH i> CO pi" VO OO rH oco O CO J-SO -in oaoN aj w rH o cr\ cn co co st o- ocjCtmo crvin st co o st in o oj o co O rH VO OJ oj cr» cn co o o so ojcoo-ocooicoacin ac st co o h coson £> co pj- VO in rH in SO st to OJ C- O rH co oj cn o vo in OJ co COOCOCO.d-rH.rt-rHCOCOOlOrH innMOHJ-Mnj-coHj- st i — i co t — i inco pj- co OJ OJ OJ CO I — I H MOS0SD CCOJ O CO O COJ-VO in osoj- cun h o memo toj- o cr> oevo asin w o in 0 0)0 co so OJ CO r — 1 OJ CT\ OC ojco ojosomonso non rH j- o ocnasaJHifl w co h a>Pt looajcnc-wj-ojM o m CO OJ oc oo vn i — i OJ CO cn OCin J>OJrHOOO-OOOrHO in V0 SX> 0“ CO Pt" O CT\ co co in st co o in o- st st co SJO rH sn co co i vo cT cn oc cn st voooojino-accorHio oco on corn pt-vnini>pr rHOCC^VOrHO in oj pi- on OJ Pt" co CO J> OJ to st OJ st OJ OJ o I — I o- co o st CO CO 1> OJ CO OJ i> OJ sn CO OJ sn co co r — l vo vn j>. st CO o- OJ vn co oj co co vo co OJ OJ OJ st CO OJ I — 1 OJ in st vo -P HP o o 0 0 14 M 1 — “i p -p o CO 0 -P 0 0 0 •H CO 0 d •H 0 0 o 0 14 « o 0 E£) rH -p 0 o 0 dO 0 0 0 0 0 d 10 0 £ 0 •H 0 0 0 r0 O -H -p o •rH •H 0 r0 0 n> 0 -P o -P o £ o ^ rH i — 1 d p o 0 0 ,a l-A *rH 0 0 o Eh o i — 1 a O -H ■H o 0 O rC O •H >j o l — 1 HH n IS •H S o to il“ ^ -23- RESTJRVEY, PROPERTIES, Jarvuary 1 to December 31, 1928 MO MO id £ rH 05 CO ft d ft 5-i p PI to ft o P -5 o ft o £ •H ft 0) ft o •> (D (0 P PI p © o 1 id id O 1 CD CD -P co CD rS P 01 CD P O d ^0 i — i *H CD P •H u •H >5 p 01 ft rH P CD CO CD ft Oj ft w (ft #» «. 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CM CM cMCMr-pft-potctoiNtOftP 1 — t Ot ft- ft- tO tO Ot CM CM P VO P i>Nwco£NJ-coi> p ft- p P to INft- O cuft ft- CO ft IN CTt ft CO I i 1 \ ft 0 0 >: toiNft-ftattoatftOPPPP cMiNatiNvoiNvoft-oto cm ft p PINft-jNCOINOtOftP H H ft-~ ft P* Ot C>- CO ft CM O Pf to 10 O CM V3 H J- to VO CO CO IN CO tO OJ WVO J- D>rt .« O J-VOi atCMOtCMVQCMVQiNtOpt'P C\J CT> OtVO tO VO tO P CM CO ft- Ot ft ft* ft" VO CM Ct CM P cvltovo CM C'- P CM CM 1 — 1 CO tO , — ! i — i . — 1 at H lO CO lO iH iNft- P CO ft O CM ft ft- ft P OPft-OtOvOZNCMP CM tO CM Ot C- VO ft- i — I CO rH tO tO Ot CM r— 1 VO 1 — I rH rH ft- CMft*VO CM IN co o ct vo o o CO ft- co at to fo- ot VO in IN ft- CM CO o at vo o o CO CO vo at vo rH CO CM to VO CO to 0 ft 1 — 1 p ft P • • «• •H 0 ft VO to CM IN ft at 0 vo P ft 0 CM P CM -p •rH 0 in Oft- ft CO £N IN ft IN p IN IN P p u 0 1 — 1 at at cm to 0 P CO O vo ft- ft- rH 0 ft 0 ft df — p 3 P 1 — l in co at co ft VO VO ft- CM 1 ^ p 1 1 -p p 0 4-3 0 P Vi 0 CO* IN to IN CO CO ft O ft CM CM ft W • •rl ft 4-3 ft rH r — 1 C\J CO ft ft CM to P CO A-5 JZ* CM 0 P Elf p ft 0 P 0 • • (JtOP flj •rH -H 0 ft CO to to P CM O VO r» to O O ft ft -p 0 cm in IN CM ft ft- to ft- 1 — 1 p P co P P p Qi 0 LO ^0 1 — 1 rH p CM O p CM at p 0 l-H d *• •> • *» 0 Vi 0 CM to VO ft CM to to p vo to ft « P CO 1 — l 1 — 1 rH IN ft >3 00 ft rH P • • « • dD u ft CO CO in to atft-ft- at in to IN VO 0 VO vo rH P 0 0 0 p CO ft- VO CO CM CM ft p ft vo to P ft" p •rH ft •rl p to 0 in vo tn ft VO CM O tO at cm p 0 is p Vi 4-3 0 Ok • - «**»«* - - •• 0 p 0 •rH ft CO in ft ft- P VO ft P 0 1 i at ft ft ft 0 d ft CM 1 — i IN CO 0 § p p d ft ft 1-1 p ft P p ft p p P »H ft 4-3 0 0 CM 0 0 0 p P ft p ^ r* •H CO rH 4-3 d ■H p p O P A! Q (4 CO P « p O p dn CO P CO p ft 0 •p Vi P P -H 0 P p ft c] 0 •H 4-3 rH CO O •rH •H p ft p ft Vi ft O ft 0 £3 0 ft I 1 1 — 1 ft is O p P ft P -H p CO 0 Eh p O 1 — 1 P O -H -H O 0 O ft 0 *H ft O ft ft ft m m ^ S3 S3 0 CO J-3»» ft* ■ft . . ERADICATION, 192S Table 13. Data .showing, by States, the number of original bushes, sprouting bushes, and seedlings dug and treated -,3hd the .total number destroyed by both methods, from1 January 1 to December 31, 1928 I J d -p 0 EH CO •• rH d -P d O Eh -Pi d © p EH I *• 1 . 1 "d -p 0 EH CO Clfl p ’. i •H 1 — I d •d a>i 0 -pi .0 CD i CO CD; PI EH n 1 — L CO d -p 0 0 EH rP • ■ d| CD I -01 M d; ' 05, •H Id o U -Pi. CO H1 fll 0.1 pi- lo crtvo vo c 3t pt oj pt CU tO LO CO VO CO tO £> VO Pp tO C\) W j> crtvo vo 10 o OJ o o OJ -1 to VO OJ rH Pt tO O J> Opt r— 1: 1 — i e- CO ,OVCO OJ LO rH VO rH C- it- to H N OJ o O oS o CO CO O- rH CO pt VO OJ tH OJ CO CO Z> pP OJ ( — 1 at co COiNtOrHVOCHtOLOtOpt OJ it- CU O CO CO LO LO OhCOOLO-HOH OJ CO LO CO VO Ot LO rH C* CO 10 OJ CO r-l VO pt ot CO cxtpt vott- pt o oj at co 0-; lo vo o COjt WO LO 00 CSt CO H rH O OJ i — 1 1 — & rH CO CO OJ OJ VO i — 1 rH O •d d d p d •H O H H H g O -H I — I r — I O rH d p -p d 0 ClO W H CD d -p o rM d d dfyR d -p o ■3 o P ca - d d pj _ d rP P-P p-p O -P o rsopp.QfH-Hdcn O -H -H O 5 OJ CO to o OJ 10 it- IO to 0 CO VO to rH 0 Pt- 0- £> OJ LO LO rH VO LO OJ CO 0 LO 10 VO it- rH rH vo OJ rH Ct OO rH to it- t- LO co at 0- £> rH LO LO pP O it- at O rH 00 vo •at OJ rH pJ- 1 1 i — l CO CO CO (OP CO t»J cr\ oj OJ 0 0 it- rH VO IO STi- rH O 0- vo VO LO CO rH O'- LO (CjF\rH to to at O #. n . • ** •» co rH rH LO 1 1 OJ OJ it- 0- 0 £> J> LO CO O LO pp to 0 0 LO VO pt CU 0 dtvo oj CO to to Pi- CO O LO LO pt CO to VO 0 LO CO 0 CO OJ it- CO CO ! — \ CU rH it- to pt vo CO OJ 0 1 — 1 1 — 1 Pt ** 1 — 1 rH C\J rH CO 0 c- 01 O 1 — 1 O 0 O-pp 0 OJ LO O rH OJ pp LO pi- CO 0 rH rH at O OJ pt pp LO CO rH LO to 0 at 0- CO 1 — 1 CU OJ to vo VD to OJ to 1 1 / — I to 1 — ! 1 — 1 O VO co 0 O LO LO it- O LO C-pt 0 CO VO OJ VO pt VO CO CO VO CO CO CO 1 — 1 CO vo to rH 0- to OJ to LO £>’ rH OJ OVO rH 0 0 0 r- lo 0 to to 0 OJ CO 1 — 1 to OJ O'-O w £> Pi- O OJ VO CO OJ Pt LO 1 — 1 ! 1 Pt" OJ 0- oj cn 0 i> 0 lo OO O to vo 0 LO OJ rH OJ vo vo 0- vo pt CO LO VO 00 0 CO CO 1 — 1 1 — 1 Pt O CO pP C\J 0 3 0 2 6 0 0 7 0! c- CO rH VO o CO o OJ to I — 1 pp co o I — i OJ VO VO co" d -p o EH 2(7 o— ERADICATION, 1912 to 192S d P cD i — 1 CD r~ •P d O a) EH •P a3 <0 • - P -P d cc 0 d i — -p P Cl o3 co ■p 0 c P & EH EH d - m W P •H y 1 — 1 d co p pi 0 oj (P 06 ca rH . . ,, d P 1 — j co co t — 1 a3 - jn -p W 0) 0 O P> d a EH CO CD P O .. d CD PI CUD co d p 0 EC 0 •H -P p -p -P o3 P - 1 — 1 0 O CO d P P rH 0 EH PhCO 0 — CO rH to CO rH CD d rH CO -H P p d PH p <3 * - ** 1 — J c3 S rH fd 0 a3 •H P -P tcO 0 P © >5 <0 y d d -p to pi 0 d - 0 CO >s 0 0 -p P 1 — 1 Cl3 -P a3 4-> ra -p to 0 w 0 d 0 Eh >s , H P-H d P w 0 p _ , - d m d 6l0 g © P P 1 — 1 -p •h p n a3 15 p 0 O rH •H P xd as ec EH CO -P •H • • 0 p cd -p -p 0 a3 0 PI Pd -p a » d 1 — 1 *• 0 0 1 — 1 -p d o3 cS -p Eh to LO 1 — 1 0 co omo cod d OJd MO co MO t'- 06 0 1 — l C"- CO 1 — 1 co O MO C- CO MO 0 in Od- in d ood C1- CO ernn in 01 e> in 01 co c- oo OJ MO C1- oj OMd £> d- co d- co cn 0 co co OI CO CO 06 63 m cu O 1 — 1 CT> rH CU j — l cn in <*. •» *» *>■ cu 1 — l IO OJ d C'- 1 — 1 co cr> 0 0 cu co oj J 1 CO co 0 C'- co C" co O-d d* oj rH d O cu O MO CO MO MO MD in in cu co d CO CO CO OJ CO in J> CO O CTi OJd OJ MO CO OJ 0 rZt" rH O cu rHMO MO OI d oj in CO CO rH 01 CO 63 0 1 — l CO 1 — 1 rH 06 l> OJ 0 CO CO CO rH CO 1 — l tod 00 06 O CO MD O d rH l> CO 60 LO rH 06 O O co co CO CO OI MO ood CO 0 C'- MO LO C'- CT\ rH 0 oj co e> 01 0 od 0 CO d OJ OJ CO OI oj OJd co 1 — 1 01 cn 1 — i d- LO MD 1 — 1 CO CO CO 1 — 1 CO 1 — 1 LO in rH CO CO O O tn mo o- co co mo CO co mo in CO 0 GO MD 1-1 co ao co co in oj d rH C'- n 63 O CO CO lo d e*- co mo CO to in 06 £> in in OJ e^ co co 00 mo w 63 rH e- rH J> OJ 60 CO LO rH 1 — 1 J — 1 OJ CU 1 1 1 — l ^3" to d OJ OJ 1 — \ rH 0 1 — \ 60 d- 0 coin co d 0 CO £> C'- CO 0 MO rH MO rH MO MO MO c- 01 co n d CO MO J> H O OJ i> d MO rHMO O 06 d co 60 in cod 01 O MO CO MO CO « 1 LO co co 1 — 1 63 d rH i> 1 — 1 O MO CU 06 1 — l CO 1 — 1 1 — 1 OJ MO in j> 01 in d mo 0 cO 06 co MO 1 1 'mO O MO 60 MO CU cr\ uo 01 n CO C'- 1 — 1 MO CO d d rH l — 1 1 — 1 C'- 63 06 63 OJ CO cu in in j> mo o6d in CO £> CO d OI rH OJ OJ t> CO d d 1 — 1 rH CO C'- CO in OJ OJMO d 06 CO OJ Od MO 06OJO6OJM0O)Mor-tndin oj 06 MO 63 MO CO CO W W H J- J- MO OJ 06 CU CO OJ LO MO OJ C'- CO CU OJ rH CO <0 rH rH d 06 rH tO CO tO HC'J’COCOhOOJH d rH lO O COJ- (P\OV£) !N OJIO OJ co cu 06 ev mo d h w rHCoirj ao f— 1 OJ i — I MO 1 — I 1 — l d Old MO OJ CO- MO CO OJ C'- 1 — I CO O MO IO ,H O OI LO LO OJt rHCOi>C'-J>rHC'-COJ>C'- rHd 06 06 CU CO OlO CO OCO Jt J- 10 omo oj o uo c — I rH 1 — 1 d* OJ CO MO CO 1 — I 1 — ! CO 1 — I coco o m r-jOr-taoco ojtoo-cr 06 O 06 W rHOMOGOGOO-OCOrH d" mo i — 1 co i — i co 01 i — i co in co > — j o in mo o co o iNwcococoHinj- OJCO O i — I 1 — I CO 1 — J OO OJ O MO CO CO OJ CO C'- £> d d co aOO^MOMOCOOd-CO OJOCO i>i> tOOC'-MOC'-OtOCOtOrHOOJd d" co co mo in mo d in j- co rH co C'- O co CTO MO CO o co OI rH rH rH CO rH C^- CO OJ OJ rH m ho I — l I — I ccico co ovn j- j> hxo oj in o oj OOrHCOCOJ>J>MOrHMOOrHO OCOCOMOin CUOMOGOCUCUCOO'' d CO 06d OrHOrHOOrHOOCOCO ojcToaoo-coco h cn h in j- in rH £> CO 0- OJ CO CO OJ CO MO 00 MO J — 1 CO I — l OJ CO MO CO I — l OJ d 0 CO I — l CO CO in 01 OJ o 01 o CO co" CO CO CO e'- en CO o MO o • » H H d OHS CO 1 — I t — 1 d o •H <*H f H rH e! Q 00 cd •P o tH CHEMICALS, QUANTITIES USED, January 1 to December 31, 192S £ I cd P) e o £ P £ W) •H cd & S o £ o P cd 0 •H n£ cd £ CD 1 >5 £ £ o p £ cd P 0 P -P £ P t3 0 $ CO "cd o •H rt P o

i - P i — I CO £c0 ^ £ CD P -S £5 3 O 00 P O co ao Pi cd -p o cd -p p i — i o o o LO o o in I — 1 o o o VO o o VO CO cd * • * • ft •> « £ -p p- o co CO o cu o LO o o o o oo o 1 o in e'- 1— 1 CO C\J LO 1 — 1 1 EH en CO CO 1 — 1 A * cd £5 r— H cO V fid 0 0 0 0 <4 o o LO o o in 0 r~j o o VO o o VO £ CO p • - ♦ - • * oo »rH o o CO CO o CVJ o LO o o o o o LO CO £ CO m o 1 — 1 CO 1 — 1 p- O £ « CO CO CO £ £ P - CD pH 1 — 1 P « » - • * £ o o o ao o o o £ • * • £ p* o o o o o o o o o o o o O 1 — 1 1 — 1 LO i — I P cd P rH cd , -p o o o O o o O O o O o o o CO o t — 1 (H cd • • • • P • i ao -p 1 t>: P o o o o o o O O o o o o o •H P 00 £ # ao nd P co ao - • - * £ p o •=4 CO CO -p •H £ CQ £ r| ao p $ £ £ Ph •H CO o o o o o o o O o o o o o rd Ph Pi • o £ P 00 o • o P o O P* o o o o O o o o o o CO CO CT\ CVJ O 'CO P ao o o o UJ CVJ cd o in vo in 1 — 1 in COP CO aoc>o bo p 44> o o co vo OJ COp- 1 — 1 o p ao cj o- o Eh 1 — 1 CO vo OJ !> ao P o Op- o o o o o o o o o co vo ao p o vo 1 — 1 ao in CVJ CD CVJ P o LO '£0 in 1 — 1 in OOp- CO o O rH 00 6 P VO OJ CO -Lj" 1 1 o o o OJ CO o • 1 1 co vo OJ p 0 O Hi £ co ao £ o o o o o o o o o o o o o £ Ph 1 0 ^ — I Oh * CO >: £ P d £3 O • o CO Ph EH p • • ao o o o p rV CO o in H-3 CO 0 a o ao co •H 4-> £ » • • cd £ cd 0 o OJ o o o o o o o ao OP- o 00 £ 4-^ bl o ao d 00 cd Fh .* • • 44) £ £ 0 1 — 1 CO in CO ao £ o o p- o Ph * « • 4» o o o o o o o o o o rH o o o o £ Ph cd cd -p p o o 0 cd M p £ hh> o CO £ 44> cd Cd cd ■H cd rd P cd 3 o cd p P p a cn --p cd o £ El) CQ £ M rj £ 00 £ £ cd •H 0 cd cd P p o •H O •r4 cd £ -p £ 44> o o rH ( — 1 o £ r~* p £ •H £ CO 6 o £ o •H o 0 O o *r4 o h-i 1 — 1 HH 33 v=P P P o CO o o o cvl CVJ CO CO p- 00 c- OJ in i — I o 2> m co vo CN o in • o o o O O LO o o o O is CO 00 0 <1 o o o LO o so o o o O CO LO * « "d n O st LO OJ rH CO o in o 1 — 1 CO o o Pd- 0 0 00 CO VO CSst Pd- CO os o CO as P 0 CQ 1 — 1 COVO CO in is to 0 CO * - - ~ - CO •rH 1 — 1 pd- 1 — 1 to o cl 1 — 1 1 — 1 Pi Pi ail 0 P T-h o LO 8 o LO Ph o CO CO is 0 * » ♦ • P St o 0 0 0 4 0 i — ! O st 0 0 0 co > o in o VO 5 st rH co is LO LO o O LO o o o LO • 1 — ? o GO CO o co o Pd- CO oi • 0 * • • • • 1 — 1 -p o iS o 0 4 3 0 o IS VO 0 s 0 VO Pi o iS O CO ot OS LO 00 EH CO LO o *» 1 — 1 0 -p 1 * o o in o o o LO -rH 1 <1 o CO CO o 1 — 1 o VO rj >: m • • ■ • • • 0 rQI O o o O OS CO o o LS o o o o VO CO • CO CO co as LO p T0 00 1 — l rH 61 GO CO CO 0 i — ! 00 pi 60 O d H rH Pi U1 p •rH O Is. f=5 -P a2> O LO o o O O vo o o o o o o pH Ph LO CO to CO rH co in to St to in 60 P 0 0 ts to CO o i — 1 i — 1 1 1 LO Ost co o in CO PM Pi ► CO O o 6 o St o CO o o GO cost o o LO pi as Ph O rH 1 — 1 GO -p i — l Ph Pi P) *> Pi Pi i — 1 -P -p O o • ai M Ph VO 0 o w Pi -H ci Pi •rH CQ 1 — l H-> "d •rH Pi pi o ai W H n 60 ai pi O Pi 60 ra cd on rj rj pi 0 H-> Ph pi ai Pi •rH © Pi Pi 0 p O -H H-> rH C0 o •H *H rd sd -p Ph H> o +3 o S o 0> 1 1 rH rd a Ph Pi HO Ph •rH p n o EH Pi o i — 1 d o •H •H O 0 O _ c~| o •H ^ EH o 1 — 1 n HH a a £h S o CO 0 -p oi -p co >3 "P 0 rP w •H Pi Pi pi •H o PM Ph tJ Pi 60 LO 00 OS Lh o w Pd o Pi t0 - O st 'cSi do] dSl 0 -rS •i— ! 0: Ph w •rH 0> P o 0> Ph P3 O GRAND SUMMARY , ORIGINAL BUSHES, SPROUTING BUSHES, AND SEEDLINGS, January 1 to December 31, 192S cu CO CO rC d ID CO IN OA at ID OAAO AO OAat CM rH © at CM CO in CO AO CO co ao at co rH d > CO AD CM 0 co at 0 CO IN CO CM CO 0 ■1 * * A • • • GAG R R C* OAID ©in H H rH O rH CO •H 43 O rH O AO CO CM CM d rH © a © d Q I — 1 >3 4-3 O 0 *• R £H AD CO O OA rH at AD OAAO in OAat CM 43 at cm co m eo ad co co sn in at co rH W d CO AD CM O OAat iH CO £N AO CM CO 0) R • « A * A A « A AAA d d D- OAAO AO at rH rH rH O rH CO R d O rH O AO d d CM CM R P • d 0 (H rH d 0 " ’* CUM> O MMfl co 0 in at CO 0 CO ID AD at CM O OAAO OJ CO co coat CM d O LO LO at OA 63 AD 0 to OA SN CO W OA © •» •» • * CO CO sH CM 1 — 1 £> CO 0 AO 00 CM * R rH 1 — l 1 — 1 rH 43 - d co CO ! — i a> © © R 00 W © cjo d c • • d s •H CM C'- £N Q £N C«- LO co 0 m at co O R 0) r4 in AO at CM 0 OAAO CM CO CO coat <3 0 d 0 D D at OA CO r- 0 in oa r» co S © A a » AG <» A A - © IN CO CO rH CM rH JN CO co CO d AD CO CM (1) 0 £0 iH rH d 4J» P - 53 O rH P 1 — 1 d £*3 IP r d •H P CM O AO rH O Q O CO rH CO CM O AO N D O CO CO O 43 R CO £N *3 P co d AO OA CM O d © A A R >; rH 1 — 1 Qi 0 O 03 0 R R CO 43 CH © CO W at d 59 (3 d R P 1 59 kO d •• P •rH njovoHOOOMO 0 CO co O d d W CO rH CO CM O AO W N at O R AO OA CM at : a a a a G A A • O O H CM tO CO C* CM OA CO 1 R at rH CO © >» 43 +3 R © co flj R © © 43 © d n ' CO d 59 R P >3 d d » • d d CM rHat coat N rH at rH O MO CM rH OA CO CM in O AO rH C*> SN IN H tO rH — 0) d CM O O OA rH CO CO rH AD at AO IP d 43 R •H d rH CM CO CM £N CM OA •H R at rH CO > > R •rf P O •H R 0 d O (H CO CO CtJ >3 © 4> • c* # ,• d L Q p d d w 43 +> ft q « © _ d M R O 4» O co R 4-» tc8 c3 C3 -rl rH d d -h d d 0 d id © 43 d 0 R cmd d R CO R R 0) CO R R d .h © d d d d Q •H O H -rl d rR H ♦» d t O 43 0 0 rH rH d ^ O R R •rH P M O O rH R O -rl H O © 0 d O CT'. o P o CO P to C M3 CO VJD b lO OP m p- rs. o 0.) on m L0 > - o 0“ LO CJ CO O cr. > CJ vo CN CM onp- CJ S~< P top CO o> O CO CO CM CO co cm *H H> LO CM O P crv 1 — 1 CM : — 1 cm. 00 *» - - - ( — 1

On O p o CO CM N CO o i — ^ CD 55 LO OP- in p* CT\P co an O to P CT to 5h MT) OJ CO o con o- CM VO 60 IM co p- P CM o T* p- COP- co cn o co CO CM c in cvj o p cm rH CM 1 1 o eg rH - « **• 1* o OJ P LO CM in p • 60 rH C\J p CO On o . • rH P 5h O O lO VO £N co to vo CO to VO in CO t ud to w P in p- to vo 60 to in cm rH S CD -* • *» 60 On el 00 >; in in rvi o co cm oovo LCD rH rH ■H o O p i- co to co rH P P CM CM rH a) 5, p p p- to P- • P Q 4-> • -* * • CO LCD P CT\ rH O 60 CO p p- o cm vo 60 CO in to * P p « * * •* • • ^ CO 0) in in cm 0- CO cm cmvo in P 1 CD •»* CD P P J> CM 60 to LO i — I ( 1 i — 1 CM P P co P rH p p- to CO p •* • - 53 rH o CM p- H P • P •H p to f-i w !*0 a »-r< fl • » • . to o co in OJ CM VO p cm CO CM 8 p- VO P P a COi CM OO CM VO CM VO to p- OJ cm pq 53 o T3 001-0 to VO to CO CJ to p- cm p p- p- O Jh CD *«. *. A •h r. •» «*■ A lO P >. VO CM .00 CM- to CM 1.0 VO CM CO CM S3 P O CM P CO in ( — 1 p .-J cm IH 00 »* !h EH £ CO P P •» HO CD 00 O 03 •H P 0 Ph CD d V) P ■ t- Ph p 2 i - -• ' to CO p . • C . 0 J> CO O CM CM VO p- on co CM o in in P CJ HC <30 CvJ OO CM VO cj vo c- 60 p- LCD o CO 55 aovo &3 vo to CO CM CO P* cm p vo LCD w P s -H 5E O o p VO CM OO CM CO oj p vo CM o CO iM to •H 2 P CM i — l CO in i — 1 p- an p !h -H o w 0 d 5h p P o a o H Pi »rH to p 53 p • ' P C 1 — 1 u « a . • * c0 CD CD to to o m p 4^- i — 1 cm to CM to N O'' M P I ooco in- p O- VO cm cm i> C3 cO- 1 1 Ph P >5 p PVD P C0..P 60 P co in «.) r— 1 o o Sh CD 5-, 5> L0 VO O iO o O- CM cm co w 1 1 m p- CO - CD P CD 5-i 60 CV p- P ?H P P • CO cm to £0 6 j. £m to p) p o o aovo p i> £> cm, .cm to O- CM 60 • 3 •H in 'mo p CO Pto CJ p to in w cm- rH £ IP •H Hfl •H '■P m vo o CO o O OJ cm co t — 1 LO p- p *H C0 Jh G CM 60 O p p j — ! cm oj o vo 60 m> o P CO CM to o r>* p- o CD o *- p S> IP CO to u ci 2 CO " p . . • t d Q rH -■ jj ctf -P p ci o o a CD ci to P O CO £ ert ■rl 03 P -H d n o r3 fp 03 r°f, P cp o V! tto co vj C/3 H o CO 5h £ d •H CD c3 a3 Pi T1 o •H O -H *H a3 P S P U -P o p o a p i — 1 rH rC5 & o S P 5-, -rH 5i 03 o <3 o p rt O -H •H O o o P o •ri O P P JH S i«2$ ^ 13 o 60 O 33- Totals' 7,024,333 7,022,533 317.225 316,963 10,250,666 10,247,780 17,592,224 17,587 ..276 GRAND SUMMARY BY YEARS, ORIGINAL BUSHES, SPROUTING BUSHES, AND SEEDLINGS, 1918 to 1928 Sh G 0J G P tJOrO O d S d •r4 5 "d 00 P G o p >! d 00 O :3 p P d d 03 4-^ d CO 03 r-4 P rj Cl) d -4-5 0) 3 P o p p • - -4-> +5 dC G d d p -r4 •H -O 4-> P CO d ~ >3 o cO G d o P > P d y CO G d >» m P r-4 d r-4 p d P d G g d >5 r-4 *rl « o d o p CO P P +3 © 01 to ^ r*3 d G •° 2 p P - +5 rH # » t© oj d d g d ■r( p •H >. o P •H P P d 60 p 03 d CM o CTO O d P r-4 p d S - P O r-4 P CO •• •• • cp rH p d G G rH >-4 p d E-4 p- L'.- J r — -- o-. .T j j • PvL. . , i vPJ vD o CO CO vo KSj P P C J £N C T\ P- crv ov to co ovp- P P CO CM CVI VD CVI ID (D P-P rH P P o P- •CJOp- id p vo vo P o o CM P VO O ID OJ CO CP CM GO CO P- P ; ; p 'H OJ P rH C\J rH 1 1 ~p^ rH to c- ID vo CM OU £> A P VO CO CO P r — 1 P P P P VO P r— } pi £> p- VO p P P p CM p- p. 5 l — l p In p r-4 p" P CP CM p 1 — l PJ,d O vo vo to CO rH CP CO 1 — 1 LO CM to O rH P P VO P P rH C\i r-J P rH CM rH rH P- C D O P> CO T-l to 10 P P O O .O O P to K) W O O M iO; to to in ip o> vo p~ 10 co cm cm to H to. Ct\OJ" J- J" W , t rH'tD rt P VO P- O to to O O P P tO CVI H H o o o mo rt Hto o\mo 00 oifl to woovo on tomintootnootocuco to rtM OVO NH CM P P O VO P- Q to W O O P P VO VO VO o in OJ to CM rH r — I o rH VO P tS3 O (0 IO O H ^ t; CV» cp p- p cp p p p p o o av CtiM HV5 to H to HIT) OJ p H O to tovo H istovo ^ 1 — 1 to 00 VO CD CM [—4 i— 4 00 VO OV VO I — t to VO P P P- CVI o CM VO CP CP 00 op 0 p op in otn co J- cp cm CP P HVO CO MSD O H W. ID h £v co a vt to h a vo w vf 1 — i fO CVI VO O CVI r — 4 I — t CD OJ r-c: to ID CP CDOi— ItOCUCOOOVO C^COr-4-tT CM H P CM P P P PPPVOP-OVOPPPO QPPOOCPrHPCPP to CM (TiCU H O CM tD CO P CVJ CVIr-4 VO O to CM P- OJ P ,-H P- OJ H r-7 CVI CO to CD OJ CVI o p- CPPP'CVlP*rHPOOVOP to VO O VO CTi VO .-4 to P P VO D o OV5 CO HtOU) cn J-J- CM VO VO to CP CO ID CMP P* rH j- CO O tv o CO CPP O O r-4 *3) O tO r-4 CVI CVI CVI r-l CVI CVI r-4 l-l CU r-i CO CO CO p C\ J o K) mo H CU P P P VO O- CO r-4r-4cvjcvicviracvicvi0jcvicu cpcpcpopcpopcpopcpcpcp r— I r-4 t — 4 [ — 4 ,—1 i — 1 r 4 i — 4 i 4 r-l r 4 <0 o £4 r r ii I -34-