Historic, Archive Document

Do not assume content reflects current scientific knowledge, policies, or practices.

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HANDBOOK

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U. S. Cepartmciit of Agrlouitnrc.

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OF

TREES and plants

400 ACRES 25 ACRES

GARDEN STORE a4TH AND CENTER ST. ROAD

OMAHA, NEBRASKA

MAIN OFFICE SINCE 1887

ARLINGTOU, NEBRASKA

Foreword

This descriptive book has been prepared mainly for the use of Marshall representa¬ tives. It tells of some of the Marshall methods of growing trees and plants, the way of serving their customers, and it describes a line of trees and plants best suited to the West and Northwest.

The selections described herein are the results of fifty- three years testing at Arlington and over the territory served dur¬ ing this period. Marshalls have, at all times, maintained testing grounds and have kept in close touch with the several agricul¬ tural experiment stations in several western, states.

Marshalls list no novelties or untried varieties. They cater to people who want proven and dependable nursery stock.

A

1

SINCE 1887 Marshalls have Served and

Pleased Customers Throughout the Middle West

ITH a record of fif ty-three years continuous service and growth, Marshalls Nurseries today are Nebraska’s oldest and largest nursery institution.

Naturally we are proud and jealous of the reputation all these years of satisfactory service have built up. More than ever, then, today do we recog¬ nize that:

The confidence of our customers in us and our pro¬ ducts means- iiioiv to us than do immediate profits.

Ours is more than a local reputation, too. We have served patrons all over tliis central west. We can rightfiill)'^ point with pride to hundreds of homes, parks, ceme¬ teries, school and public grounds, and farms and orchards, made more beautiful, more fruitful and attractive with “Hetter Built” trees, plants and shrubs supplied from Marshalls Nurseries.

Marshalls Hardy and Adapted Stock

Results in growth and bloom and fruitfulness — that’s what you want when you buy nursery stock. For this you need stock that you know is adapted tf) the soil in your section of the country, as well as stock that has been scientif¬ ically and correctly started and tended up to the time it is shipped to you.

Marshalls stock is that kind, offering a complete line of everything best suited for the climate and soils in the central west, trees and plants grown in our own nurs¬ eries, according to Marshalls standards. Before any variety is added to our stocks, it is given rigid growing tests in our trial grounds. We also cooperate with the various experiment stations.

T'bn.s our stocks contain only the proven hardiest, best-grow ing specimens, and those that are especially hardy are indicated in this book by an asterisk (,*).

"BEHER BUILT" TREES

In fact, we can say we build trees. No labor or expense is spared in the cult i- vation, scientific pruning, spraying and conditioning of trees in our nurseries. Every operation is done at the proper season and in the right way to produce the best trees and shrubs that it is possible to grow.

lUTTTER BUILT TREES GROWN WITH PLENTY OF SPACE

Above all, space must be given. Thick planting of trees and plants has the same effect on them that occurs to radishes and other seed vegetables when seed is sown too thickly. Growth of tops upward is the only result, while properly spaced plants will allow for side growth also.

TESTED SUPERIOR STRAINS

Numerous items offered by Marshalls are superior strains with outstanding character¬ istics.

Trees and plants infrequently develop “bud sports”, which vary somewhat from the variety in one or more characteristic. When such variance is an improvement, like the better color of solid Red Delicious and Red Duchess, or has some other desirable quality, such in¬ dividual tree or plant is used for grafting wood for the propagation of the variety.

Marshalls entire organization is constantly on the look-out for these better strains, and when found are carefully checked and put into propagation. After fifty years, most of the important standard sorts in Marshalls stocks have been improved and are definitely superior to ordinary trees and plants of same varieties.

2

HALF CENTURY OF LEARNING AND DOING

Marshalls Niirseries have a complete nxirsery organization with specialists to grow, dig and pack out each and every kind of nursery stock, from the hardiest trees and shrubs to the most delicate and refined hybrid tea roses, with full knowledge of how to handle each class of stock successfully.

From the beginning- fifty-three years ago - it has been the aim of Marshalls to grow the best trees and plants that it is possible to grow. No expense inci¬ dental to care, cultivation and handling of nursery stock that will tend to make it better, is spared. The most intensive cultivation is practiced throughout the season. Moisture is conserved for the growing trees and plants, eind all nursery land Is free of weeds at all times.

’’BUILr* TREES and PLANTS

The pruning, pinching back, spraying and other operations essential to the growth of the best-formed, well-ripened stock is done only by experts, and at exactly the right time for best results. Trees and shrubs are not only niirsed, but "built" into real individuals. It costs more to grow stock in this way, but the stock is better.

Marshalls men are trained in the complete development of trees from the planting of the seed through the processes of budding, grafting, training, etc., of the hundreds of varieties, to the orchard and on through the fruiting age. Many of our trained men can name any of the more generally planted sorts by sight in either nursery or orchard.

KNOW ORCHARD PRACTICE

Marshalls have been in the nursery and orchard business for more than half a century euid know the right varieties for the territory they serve. They affili¬ ate with various horticultural societies, cooperate with the experiment stations, end in every way do everything they can to be the leaders in their business.

They want to help every customer get the kinds of trees and plants that will produce the best results for his particular needs. Many customers leave it to them to select the varieties for their plantings.

By taking the propagating wood from selected quality, bearing mother trees and plants, they deliver superior strains of "true-to-name " varieties.

ADEQUATE FACILITIES and EQUIPMENT

The packing building contains 25,000 square feet of floor space. It is con¬ structed of brick and tile with insulated walls eighteen inches thick. The roof Is insulated, also, against heat and cold. This provides unexcelled f abilities for handling and packing out of nursery stock. Moist, cool cellar conditions pre¬ vail, and there is no chance for stock to dry out or be injured in any way from the time it is dug until it is delivered to the planter. It is full of vitality.

PROUD of RECORD

With a record of fifty-three years continuous service and growth, Marshalls Nurseries today are Nebraska's oldest and largest nursery institution. Naturally Marshalls are proud and Jealous of the reputation that all these years of satis¬ factory service have built up. More than ever, then, today do they recognize that the confidence of their customers in them and in their products means more to them than do iouaediate profits.

The Hardiest Varieties of Each Class of Stock are Indicated by Asterisks (*)

3

TREES AND PLANTS FOR WEST AND NORTHWEST

Hardiness of trees and plants is the keynote to success in the North and the West. Ability to withstand low temperatures, dry soils and atmosphere is the prime requisite. The homes, farms and ranches of the West and Northwest have been the best testing grounds during the past 50 to 75 years.

Along with the trial of almost every sort succeeding east of the Mississippi River, western experiment stations have introduced many sorts from Northern Asia where conditions are similar to our Northwest. These have proven perfectly hardy but in most cases lacked quality. They have selected desirable ones from these introductions, also from hardy native sorts, and have crossed these with the more tender sorts of superior quality, thus combining hardiness of one parent with quality of another, in new and worth-while sorts, adapted to the most severe con¬ ditions of the West and Northwest.

Marshalls have cooperated with the experiment stations to the fullest extent and have maintained trial grounds at Arlington to test out these new sorts. These have also been distributed to customers scattered throughout the territory for testing on their own grounds. The varieties proving themselves on test are the ones grown and offered.

MARSHALLS GROW the HARDY KINDS

There are now. many kinds adapted to the Northwest, and Marshalls grow these especially for this section.lt is a matter of using wood from varieties of known hardiness for graft propagation and seed of Northwest source for seedling propa¬ gation.

It is recognized by authorities that trees and plants, hardy in the orchards or on home grounds of a section, are better if grown in nurseries having less se¬ vere weather conditions. A well-informed western horticulturist said,

”1 am located in the extreme northern limit of Jonathan hardiness.

I prefer Jonathan apple trees from nurseries located some distance south - not too far - rather than Jonathan grown here or north or west of ay orchards. Trees that have had a winter shock in the nursery before I get them, do not grow so well. The argument advanced by some northern nurseries - ’that northern-grown trees are better’ - is wrong. The va¬ riety in grafted stock, and the seed source in seedling stock, is what counts” .

Duchess Apple, as an example, is hardy in orchards through two-thirds of Minnesota and South Dakota. If it is grown in nurseries in central or southern part of its orchard adapted territory, it should be preferred to Duchess grown in the north part of this area. This holds true with all kinds of nursery stock. It does not lower hardiness to grow trees and plants slightly further south, and they usually have more vigor and vitality when planted, than is often the case when they are grown in the northern limits of their adult hardiness.

GUARANTEE

We exercise the greatest care to keep our varieties pure and true to name, and hold ourselves in readiness at all times to replace, on proper proof, all stock which may prove otherwise, or refund the amount paid; but, it is mutually agreed between the purchaser and ourselves that we shall not, at any time, be liable for any amount greater than the original price.

We also agree to refurnish free, f.o.b. Arlington, any purchased stock failing to grow, if planted and given care as directed in our ”How to Plant” printed instructions.

Marshalls trees and plants are guaranteed to be free from infec¬ tious diseases and dangerous insects - healthy, vigorous and well-formed. A State Inspector’s Certificate accompanies each shipment.

Plant Improved Trees and Plants- Marshalls Tested Superior Strains

4

PERSONAL ASSISTANCE

The Keynote of Marshalls Service

Marshalls serve through direct representatives who call personally on customers and assist, with their training and experience, in the planning and selection of planting materials. Only in this way can each customer’s wants or needs be given the individual attention that insures sat¬ isfaction.

These representatives are all selected, trained and courteous men who thoroughly know the varie¬ ties best suited for various planting effects in each locality. They can suggest what and where and how to plant, answer questions and give indi¬ vidual instruction on the care of trees and plants .

They call back each year and are anxious to inspect trees and plants and of¬ fer suggestions on new problems confronting home owners. In addition to the in¬ formation these men gain by their constant viewing of plantings in their terri¬ tories, special training courses for them are conducted at the nurseries. They are instructed on characteristics, habits and hardiness of trees and plants, and are given instruction on how to assist our customers with cultural problems. They are urged and commanded to give every assistance possible to Marshalls' cus¬ tomers .

HOW STOCK is HANDLED and SHIPPED

Marshalls equipment for handling nursery stock is the best available. The packing building at Arlington, with 25,000 square feet of floor space, was built especially to provide ideal conditions and facilities for handling, packing and shipping of nursery stock. Temperature and humidity are controlled at will. This is very important. Trees and plants cannot be handled through a barn-like building without injury. The best stock is valueless if weakened in handling.

Every tree and plant we ship is packed in such a way that it can stand, for two weeks or more, almost any conditions encountered on railroads or truck lines. Every shipment is guaranteed to reach the customer in perfect condition for planting.

WHEN WE ADVISE SHIPPING

We recommend spring shipment only, for plauitings in the West and Northwest, owing to the frequency of dry, cold winters which can be disastrous to fall plantings.

EARLY ORDERING URGED

Every season we run short of some items, so it is better to get orders in early, than to risk the disappointment of not getting what customers desire. Stock is reserved as orders are received, auid meiny important items are tagged with customers’ names. Representatives, - please emphasize this important point to customers.

SERVICE AFTER SALE is MADE

Our interest does not cease when a customer has made a purchase. We Insure satisfaction with our products by giving explicit instruc¬ tions in our "How to Plant” booklet which is mailed to every customer; and have available on request, ”How to Care for Trees and Shrubs”, "How to Care for Your Roses”, "Spraying Guide” and other leaflets .

We are also pleased to write special letters on horticultural problems at any time we can be of service.

5

TREES for SHADE and BEAUTY

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Wherever you find them, there is a charm about shade trees with their great, sheltering, shielding, leafy arms that spread in protection. Their foliage is deeper than the greenest ivy, and, in the beauty of its passing, the scarlet of kings, as well as the purple of dignitaries might well blush.

'

Marshalls have an improved line of shade and ornamental trees. We are constantly looking for trees having desirable qualities of form, limb structiire, foliage and hardiness. Oc¬ casionally an outstanding tree is found among native trees or on home grounds. Grafting wood is then taken and a stock built up. Grafting fully perpetuates the same characteristics and qualities of the original tree. Our stock is constantly being improved by this practice.

For varieties adapted to the severe conditions of the Northwest, we select the best trees growing in and withstanding the rigorous weather conditions of this section. These varieties are superior in make-up and super-hardy. Grafted varieties of known character and hardiness are much superior to stock grown from seed which invariably does not follow true to the character and hardiness of the parent tree.

PLANTING SUGGESTIONS - Plan to plant permanent trees 40 feet apart and those not so robust, at 30 feet. Where quick-growing trees are interplanted, 20 or 25 feet is suggested. (*) indicates most hardy kinds.

♦ ASH— GREEN - A medium grower and valu¬ able for planting in the streets or in parks. Does well for windbreak.

BIRCH -

♦CUTLEAF WEEPING - An elegant, erect tree with slender drooping branches and fine cut leaves. White bark. Very popular. Hardy into Wyoming and South Dakota .

WHITE- Tree of moderately quick growth, bark almost white, erect-growing with terminal branches slightly drooping. Native of moist places, but will do well when planted on dry ground. Con¬ trasted with evergreens, it makes a valuable tree for the lawn.

CRAB- FIX)WER INC -

The landscape and ornamental value of the flowering crab tree is not generally appreciated. As a specimen tree or planted in the border for height and background, the crab is superb. The varieties listed below give a range of color and their blossoming period produces a wonder¬ ful show of color. Very hardy.

BECHTEL - Double flowering crab. Large, pink, double, highly fragrant flowers. Green fruit. Height 10 to 20 ft.

♦CARMINE - A low spreading tree, as wide as high. Carmine flowers produced be¬ fore the foliage.

♦DOLGO - Hansen variety. Brilliant fruit. Large white blossoms.

♦ELEY - Attractive reddish foliage in spring, changing to pink. Single pink flowers followed by showy red fruit.

♦HOPA - A Prof. N.E. Hansen variety. New flowering crab with good foliage, red bud, with beautiful rose-colored blossoms. The color of the leaves and bark liven up the landscape and give it a cheerful aspect throughout the year, the foliage for summer color and the reddish-colored bark for winter scenery. Becoming a favorite in the West and North. Plant with tall grow¬ ing shrubs or as a specimen tree. Height 15 to 20 feet. Very hardy.

IOWA - Native, usually on low lands. Single pink flowers in May. Hardy.

♦RED SILVER - Fruit rich maroon red, foliage somewhat cut-leaved with sil¬ ver and red color. A remarkable com¬ bination. Pink blossoms.

WE MAKE SCREEN PLANTINGS SKETCHES for pool plantings

FOUNDATION

PLANTINGS

ROSE BEDS PEONY BEDS PERENNIAL BEDS

ROCK GARDENS

NO PLANTING TOO LARGE or TOO SMALL

6

ELM -

^AMERICAN - Sometimes called White Elm. A noble spreading and drooping tree, suitable for shade and excellent for streets and drives.

♦CHINESE - It is especially adapted to dry plains. Should not be planted on low, wet land.

It grows very rapidly, almost as fast as cottonwood. If let go, it limbs low and makes a splendid wind¬ break (and does it quickly) . If it is trimmed and grown into a tree, it makes a suitable shade tree with slender, almost wiry branches. Where conditions of soil and moisture are unfavorable, it thrives on dry poor soils where few other trees do. It comes in leaf very early in spring and holds its foliage late in fall.

MOLINE - Foliage similar to the American Elm, only somewhat larger. Bark is smooth and glossy. Trees grow more compact and upright.

Propagated by grafting so all Moline are uniform in shape. In great as a street tree. Adapted to all of the plains except northwest Nebraska, Wyoming, and west and north parts of South Dakota.

♦SHEYENNE - Is a graceful elm with a moderate top spread and attractive fb- llage. The original tree from which we secured our wood for grafting is growing in central North Dakota where it grew from seed. It has made a rapid growth and has withstood the North Dakota low temperatures and dry conditions without injury. Should be planted for shade and ornamental pur¬ poses in western Nebraska, Wyoming and the Dakotas.

♦VASE - A particularly attractive vase type of American Elm, propagated by grafting, which results in all trees being of uniform habit of growth. They are hardy,

♦ HACKBERRY — Resembles elm somewhat j foliage more pointed and a brighter glossy green; bark thick and rough; a symmetrical grower. Very hardy and drouth-resistant .

LOCUST -

♦HONEYLOCUST - This is very drouth-re - slstant and hardy well up into the Dakotas and Wyoming. It forms a tall round-topped tree of uncommon airi¬ ness because of its small leaflets.

♦STEPHENS' THORNLESS - Another grafted shade and ornamental tree. The origi¬ nal tree, a native on the farm of the late Congressman Dan. V, Stephens, northwest of Arlington. Is a fine type and free of thorns . Our young

stock in the nursery is straight and symmetrical. Grows fast.

This selected grafted variety, minus thorns, should be used for shade and ornamental purposes throughout the West.

LINDEN — -

♦AMERICAN - A rapid-growing, large-sized tree, with a remarkably straight trunk; deep green heart-shaped leaves, and clusters of fragrant yellow flowers. Is splendid for lawn and street planting. It has gone through the drouth years with very little Injury and has proven itself to be one of the hardiest ornamental trees for the West. Is resistant to storms.

♦ORD - Our stock of grafted Ord Linden originated at Ord, Nebraska, where there is a particularly fine type of American Linden growing which has withstood the extreme drouth period with no ill effects. It has likewise endured the low temperatures of this section for many years. The selected Ord variety has all the virtues of the American Linden and further , every tree is Just like its selected parent.

MAPLE -

SILVER - Should not be confused with Silver Poplar. This is our common soft Maple. Rapid grower.

BLAIR - A type of the common Maple per¬ petuated by budding. More upright habit of growth with shorter , stronger limbs, and less subject to storm injury. Original tree growing at Blair, Nebraska.

SCHWEDLER - The Schwedler Maple's beau¬ tiful leaves attract attention at all seasons, but are especially fine in spring when their gleaming red and purple leaves contrast brightly with the delicate green of other trees. In midsummer they are purplish green, in autumn, golden yellow.

SUGAR - Hard Maple, Iowa type. A beau¬ tiful, stately tree. A desirable shade tree where it does well. Fall color¬ ing of leaves is gorgeous. Hardy in eastern Nebraska, - east and south.

♦ MOUNTAIN ASH- EUROPEAN - It is orna¬ mental all through the season. Its compound pinnate foliage is soft and handsome in appearance and of a fine shade of green. Large flat heads of pure white flowers in June, fol¬ lowed by clusters of bright orange and red fruits which remain long after the frost. Height 20 to 30 ft.

Excellent Root Systems in Our Soil

7

OAK

PIN “ Pyramidal in habit with stiff, horizontal branches. Easiest oak to transplant, grows faster than most other oaks. Leaves deep green, glossy, fully divided, turning handsome orange scarlet in fall.

RED - A handsome tree with wide-spread¬ ing branches. Attractive bronze and red foliage in fall. Hardy in eastern Nebraska and Kansas, southeastern South Dakota and Iowa. Transplants easily in sizes below six feet.

PLUM

FLOWERING - Low, bushy, shrub-like tree, producing pink double flowers.

REDBUD, AMERICAN - Pink, pea-shaped blossoms before the leaves unfold. Should be placed in protected posi¬ tion. Not very reliable.

♦ OLIVE-, RUSSIAN - An ornamental tree of special value; attains a height of 30 feet or more; bark and leaves light green when young; bark becomes darker as the tree grows older, and the leaves more silvery white; it blooms profusely in June in small racemes, color of flower, yellow. Fragrant, an excellent tree for semi-arid districts. Is used considerably for windbreak.

♦WALNUT BLACK - Great economic value. Good lawn tree. Our best nut producer.

♦NEWPORT - We think this is the best standard purple leaf plum.

POPLAR

♦MARSHALL -This tree is propagated from wood taken from a stately Nebraska yellow cottonwood. This parent tree was staminate (male) euid bore no cottony seed.

This species of cottonwood (popu- lus) has straight grain wood and is valuable for box i\imber. Its chief value for the plains states, however, will probably be its use as a shade and protective tree; it grows upright with a straight body and extends its limbs into a wide symmetrical top. It is the most stately tree adapted to the West and has the ruggedness to withstand conditions. It is the fast¬ est growing tree in our nurseries auid trial grounds and is not affected by Insects and diseases. It is rather difficult to propagate from wood and our supply, as yet, is limited. It is hoped that better means of propaga¬ tion may be worked out so it may be available in quantity for windbreak purposes. It outgrows and outlives Chinese Elm.

Since we propagate it from wood, it will not become a nuisance in scat¬ tering cotton, like about one half of seedling cottonwoods do.

♦VOLGA -Similar to the Lombardy Poplar, but better for the West. The tree grows upright and is used for both high points in a planting and for screening purposes. Approximate limb spread, six to eight feet; height, 20 to 30 feet.

♦SILVER - Leaves are dark on upper side and pure white on lower side. Leaves resemble Maple and this tree is often incorrectly called Silver Maple. Hardy and drouth-resistant inthe West and Northwest.

BOLLEANA POPLAR - Leaves similar to Silver Poplar, and habit of growth similar to Volga Poplar. Hardy.

WILLOW

♦MIOBE WILLOW - Our hardiest weeping willow. Has attractive yellow twigs for winter effect.

PDSSY WILLOW - A small shrub-like tree which is quick-growing and has furry catkins in spring which make it very attractive eind desirable.

ALSO AVAILABLE - Western Catalpa Umbrella Catalpa Norway Poplar

Norway Maple Laurel L Willow Golden Willow Red Haw

TREES for EVERY CLIMATIC CONDITION

Nature has adapted certain trees to every section of the prairies of the West and Northwest. Annual prairie fires were undoubtedly the main reason why the pioneer did not find these plains states covered with timber instead of grass. Spots in ravines or on hills protected by rocky grassless inclines where prai¬ rie fires could not reach, have their native trees and shrubs withstanding the most severe conditions.

Examples of this were the native Hackberry, Ash, American Elm, Cotton¬ wood, Burr Oak, and numerous other species found growing in fire pro¬ tected spots throughout the plains states to the Rocky Mountains. More recently, species from regions in Siberia, Manchuria, and other sections of Asia having similar rigorous cli¬ matic conditions, have been found well-adapted to this section of the country.

For many years Marshalls have been selecting the best types from these hardy natives and from the ex¬ otic species and have a line of trees to offer which give very sat¬ isfactory results in any of the plains states. Shade and shelter can be had if ordinary care is given these hardy sorts, anywhere that plains crops succeed.

8

EVERGREENS

Some of the spicy evergreens should be included in the land¬ scaping of practically every place, no matter how moderate its dimensions may be.

Evergreens are in a distinct class as ornamentals and there is no substitute for them. Not only are they the most beautiful of trees, but they retain this beauty throughout the entire year, clothing the earth with greenery during the cold blasts of winter. The range of colors and forms available is truly won¬ derful. For windbreaks, tall screens or hedges, for privacy, the evergreens are unmatched. Evergreens planted at the doorway entrance give a pleasant feeling of warmth and welcome. A narrow, tall- growing variety on each side of the entrance with dwarf-growing specimens grouped at their bases will be a pleas¬ ing dignified combination. As with all groups of plants, there are best varieties for every particular use. Marshalls have the largest list of evergreens in the West to select from, and this list has been chosen for western conditions.

Group 2

Group 6

Group 7

SCOUTING for SUPERIOR TREES

The eastern varieties have all been tested for western adap¬ tability, and many new types of western species have been selected, grafted, and placed in Marshalls* trial grounds for testing. Scouting the canyons of the eastern slope of the Rocky Mountains for trees of outstanding characteristics has been a long-time hobby of Geo. A. Marshall. He has brought in grafting wood of many with apparent superior qualities. Those that carry through in a definite way the qualities for which selected, after a number of years trial on our grounds, are named and put on the propagating list. About fifty different varieties of grafted Juniper, still unnamed, are under observation in our trial ground.

SELECTED for PARTICULAR USES

Each selection is made because of some superior quality of the mother tree - color of foliage, texture of foliage, symmetry, compactness, ultimate height, height to spread, etc. The matter of each one retaining the general form for which selected without much shearing later, on the planter’s grounds, is im¬ portant . Almost any evergreen can be trained into desired form and be kept that way with constant shearing by experienced nurserymen, but if neglected, may soon develop into form not de¬ sired where used. For instance, a Platte River red cedar can be trained into a narrow columnar tree by frequent careful clip¬ ping during the growing season; but as soon as this is neglect¬ ed to any extent, it reverts to its natural shape which is quite as wide as high. Marshalls* varieties selected for special purpose planting, with the characteristics retained by grafting, need only a minimum of training after the planter has them. This is very important, especially with foundation evergreens.

TRANSPLANTING MAKES GOOD ROOTS

Marshalls* evergreens are all transplanted several times be¬ fore being offered. Roots are trimmed back at each transplant¬ ing which results in a mass of fibrous feeding roots close in, to go with the earth ball. Transplanting also develops caliper and sturdiness of trunk, and compact, well-furnished side branches from the ground up. Trees are wide-spaced in the nursery, giving ample room for limb-spread and digging with large balls of earth.

MARSHALLS SOIL ADAPTED to BALLING

The soil at Marshalls is ideal for balling, and balled and burlapped trees carry through with very few cracked or ’’mushy*' earth balls, which is not the case when evergreens are dug from sandy valley soils. Marshalls Nurseries are also free of bindweed. A balled evergreen from a bindweed infested nurs¬ ery will easily Infest the ground on which it is transplanted.

9

JUNIPER - UPRIGHT

♦CHANDLER SILVER JUNIPER - A grafted variety of Colorado Juniper of medium growing habits. Foliage is a good bright silver which dis- coloi’s or fades very little during the winter season. Prefers plenty of sunlight. Its natural habit of growth is slightly wider than Group 3, but moderate shearing twice a year will keep it in this form.

It is very hardy and awjapted to the West and Northwest.

♦SUTHERLAND JUNIPER - Another grafted Colorado Juniper, having the

same general shape as Chandler Silver, but somewhat more dwarf in habit of growth. Silver color not quite so bright as Chandler. Grows a little more compact and requires a minimum of trimming. On account of its dwarf habit, it is best suited for planting about low houses of the bungalow type. It is very hardy and well-adapted to the West and Northwest.

♦VIRGINIA JUNIPER - A hardy, strong-growing Juniper which transplants easily. It is very well-adapted to the western prairies, though it stands more shade than Colorado Juniper. Its foliage is a very good deep green during the summer months, but discolors somewhat during the winter. Can be trained to almost any shape desired. It is usually grown in the shape of Group 2 with a moderate amount of shearing.

♦DUNDEE JUNIPER - An upright-growing type of Virginia Juniper which, with a min¬ imum of shearing, can be kept like Group 3 and can also, with slightly more trimming, be kept in the form of Group 4. Its summer color is a good green and its autumn and winter colors are a plum purple which is very attractive. A popular, slender-type tree adapted to the prairie states except in the extreme Northwest .

♦CANNART JUNIPER - An outstanding grafted variety of Virginia Juniper with dark green foliage and attractive bluish bloomy fruits. It requires more training to produce and maintain a formal shape like Group 3. It is somewhat loosely- limbed and shows at its best when grown in a semi-formal shape like Group 2. Its deep green color is outstanding. Hardy everywhere except in the extreme

N OT' t* ^ “t*

JUNIPER - LOW and SPREADING

♦PFITZER JUNIPER -

It is probably the most universal evergreen in America, growing from coast to coast and from Minnesota to the Gulf. It has a good green foliage the ye^^r through. When allowed to grow naturally in the nursery, it spreads about three feet to each foot of height. Marshalls grow part of their stock in this manner and a part of it by staking up a central leader 18-24” high, and allowing side limbs to come from this leader. When treated in this manner, its gain in height and spread is almost equal. The two types allow for terrace, ground cover, and low or medium height foundation plantings. It lends itself to trimming and can be kept trimmed into ball-shaped specimens. Very hardy. Natural Pfitzer fits into Group 7 and Staked Pfitzer into Group 6. One of the most popular.

♦SAVIN JUNIPER - Another bush type evergreen. It belongs in Group 6. Color of foliage is dark green all season. Its berries are blackish-purple, about the size of currants. Lends itself to trimming, but most bushes are grown natural to the height of two to three feet with the width being about double the height. Used principally for facing of taller evergreens and to quite an ex¬ tent for low foundations. Is hardy except in the extreme Northwest.

PLANT A LIVING CHRISTMAS TREE

♦CREEPING JUNIPER - This belongs in Group 7. Numerous vari¬ eties are being cultivated, and after testing them out un¬ der western conditions, we find the Black Hills type which we brought from the Black Hills twenty-five years ago is outstandj 'ig and the best of any for the West and Northwest. It grows compact, and has a deep green foliage which does not fade in winter. Mature plants usually cover a space three to five feet across. Excellent for rock gardens, terraces, graves and ground covers.

Junipers may be trimmed into almost any desired shapes or forms, including formal hedges.

Mr. Marshall Man, it is your Job to service Marshall plantings and give trimming instructions . _

10

_ PINE — •

^AUSTRIAN PINE - This evergreen grows to a height of 50 to 75 feet in 'the West; it belongs in Group 1. It resists heat and drouth throughout the plains states. Also stands smoky city conditions very well. Fine for windbreaks or for background planting where space permits.

♦BULL PINE (Also called Western Yellow Pine) - A native of Northwestern Nebraska, the Black Hills, Colorado, and Wyoming. Very hardy. Resembles the Austrian, but not quite so symmetrical and with slightly lighter green foliage and longer needles. Is said to be the most drouth-resistant of any evergreen.

SCOTCH PINE - Grows somewhat more irregular than Austrian with branches shooting out rather obliquely, - dark brownish red. Picturesque. Adapted to eastern Nebraska, southeastern South Dakota and East and South.

♦MUGHO PINE - This is a dwarf pine seldom getting over ten feet high and about the same width when untrained. By shearing, you can keep it down to four or five feet in height and width with the height usually somewhat less than the width. The color is always a good deep green. Very hardy in the West and Northwest. It fits in Group 5.

— SPRUCE -

♦ALBERTA SPRUCE (Black Hill Spruce) - A native of the Black Hills of South Dakota. Adapted to Nebraska, Iowa and the Northwest. A close-growing compact type of pyramidal evergreen in Group 1. Foliage rich green though slightly bluish at close range. Has been very popular through the West, but suffered some from extreme heat in southern Nebraska and south in '34 and '36.

♦COLORADO SPRUCE - This tree is a native of the Rocky Mountains of Colorado and southern Wyoming and is well-adapted to the plains states into North Dakota. Also does well throughout the East. The color of foliage varies from a very attractive blue-silver to a good live green. The bright silver ones are selected out and called Colorado Blue Spruce Shiners. These probably have the most striking color of any evergreen. Those with less blue color, varying shades, are listed as Colorado Spruce. When a silver blue is desired, it must be specified "shiner". This tree is in Group 1.

_ FIR —

♦CONCOLOR FIR (White Fir) - A native of the Colorado Rockies and very well- adapted to the Plains and Central States except in the extreme North. The color of the foliage is from bright silver to a beautiful live, green varying with different trees. In small trees less than four feet in height, it is apt to be somewhat irregular, but as it gains size it assumes unexcelled symmetry and beauty as a specimen tree. There should be one or more of this variety in every planting of any consequence.

♦DOUGLAS FIR - A native from Colorado to British Columbia. The fastest and largest growing pyramid evergreen. Foliage is a good deep green and disease- resistant. Fine tree for windbreaks and background planting. Hardy through¬ out the West except in the extreme North.

Our Evergreens are grown under the scientific care and expert supervision of skilled propagators. All var¬ ieties are top-pruned, root-pruned and transplanted the required number of times to develop extra heavy fibrous feeding roots and dense thick tops. Each specimen is carefully dug, balled and burlapped.

Plant for

Year-round

Beauty

nou5E Corner

H r

-

1 r-T

Their fresh green stately appearance cre¬ ates beauty and cheer throughout winter and summer.

Foundation plantings of Evergreens change the appearance of a home completely.

I1ou5E Entrance

11

For boundary, screen or barrier , there is nothing more pleasing than a hedge fence. With their bright green leaves, they constantly bring a feeling in¬ spired by the fresh foliage of spring. When formally trained or left to develop naturally, their arched branches, colored foliage and bright berries are surely more pleasing than the mechanical effect obtained by the similar use of wood or metal. Most hedges are permanent, and with the excep¬ tion of occasional shearing, they need little attention after being established. Every lawn should have a border - a frame.

HEDGES

Beautify as They Serve

♦JAPANESE BARBERRY HEDGE - Used exten¬ sively where a good, dwarf bushy hedge is desired. The foliage is an excellent green, leafing early in spring, turns to a beautiful cop¬ pery red in the fall, followed by pretty red berries. It is not sus¬ ceptible to wheat rust. Can be grown either trimmed or untrimmed, with a height of from 1^ to 3 ft. Plant 12 inches apart.

AMUR PRIVET HEDGE - The hardiest Privet. Upright grower, foliage glossy green. Generally kept sheared from 2 to 4 ft. high. Plant 6 to 12 inches apart and 3 to 4 Inches deeper than they were in the nursery. Hardy except In ex¬ treme northwestern Nebraska cuid the Northwest.

THOMPSON PRIVET HEDGE -New. An improved variety of Russian Privet having finer twigs and darker green foliage. After five years trial, it has proven hardy at Arlington and in dry situa¬ tions south and west. Not recom¬ mended for east of the Missouri River on account of blight. Best Privet for south half of Nebraska, Kansas, and eastern Colorado.

♦VANHOUTTE 5PIREA HEDGE - This is com¬ monly called Bridal Wreath. Flowers pure white in May and early June. Good foliage, and very hardy. Gener¬ ally used as an untrlmmed hedge, but can be trimmed. Height 3 to 6 ft. Plant 12 to 10 inches apart.

♦COTONEASTER HEDGE (acutifolia) - The best hedge plauit for the West and Northwest. Can be kept clipped for perfect formal effect with little effort, and is also suitable for in¬ formal screen hedges. Its foliage turns to beautiful pink and bronze shades with fall frosts. Is very hardy. Drouth-resistant. Plant twelve inches apart .

♦BUCKTHORN HEDGE -This is a super-hardy hedge plant. Is suitable for medi¬ um to high hedges; foliage is dark green and free of blights, rusts, and Insects. At home in the Northwest. Very drouth-resistant.

♦CHINESE LILAC HEDGE - This plant is ex¬ cellent for use in medium to high Informal hedges and screens. Its mass of blossoms in late spring is a riot of color and its clean dark green leaves carry its attractiveness until late fall. Is very hardy and drouth-resistant .

♦GROOTENDORST ROSE HEDGE - This hardy hybrid rugosa bush rose is the finest plant for low and intermediate flowering hedges in the West and Northwest. It has a very attractive foliage throughout the season and blooms continuously all summer. Its winter fruits are also very attrac — tlve. It is drouth-resisting and per¬ fectly hardy in Dakota and Wyoming.

♦CHINESE HEDGEWOOD - For quick effect. This dwarf Chinese (Siberisui) Elm makes a fine clipped hedge, medium to high. It can also be side-trimmed, only, and be grown into a living green wall 15 to 20 feet high, for wind¬ break or screen. Is very hardy and drouth-resistant. Not so permanent. Pl€uits selected for hedge purposes.

LOW - TRIMMED	LOW - UNTRIMMED
Barberry	Barberry
Privet	Privet
MEDIUM - TRIMMED	MEDIUM - UNTRIMMED
Cotoneaster	Barberry
Vanhoutte Spirea Privet Buckthorn	Vanhoutte Spirea
HIGH - TRIMMED	HIGH - UNTRIMMED
Buckthorn	Buckthorn
Ch. Hedgewood Cotoneaster	Ch. Hedgewood

12

ORNAMENTAL SHRUBS

Marshalls have maintained a trial ground of shrubs for many years. Every shrub which is considered adapted to the West has been tested for hardiness, character of growth, blooming habits, and resistance to fungus diseases and insects. All the new sorts have been placed under test as soon as available. Only those proving hardy and adaptable after several seasons trial, have been offered. Many of Marshalls' shrubs are improved strains of these better varieties, and have outstanding points

of merit not shown by ordinary shrubs of same variety.

Thus, the Marshall stocks contain only the proven hardiest, best-growing sorts and improved strains of many of these. Those that are especially hardy and adapted to the Northwest are indicated in this book with an asterisk (*) .

SHRUBS PLAV an IMPORTANT ROLE

in LANDSCAPE PLANTINGS

* ALMOND, DOUBLE PINKFLOWERING - Blooms early in spring before its foliage appears. One of grandmother's shrub's.

BARBERRY

JAPANESE - Handsome foliage of bright green oval-shaped leaves which turn to the most brilliant shades of cop¬ pery red and orange in autumn which remain on until late fall. The slen¬ der, graceful little branches are lined with small scarlet berries, which hang until well into winter and help give life to the shrubbery bor¬ der, especially when there is snow on the ground. Used for foundation planting, group planting and for hedges. Can be trimmed. (Does not harbor wheat rust) . Height 3 to 5 f eet .

REDLEAF - A variety of the Japanese Barberry having attractive red leaves when planted in the full sunlight.

BRIDALWREATH - See Spirea

CORALBERRY

♦COMMON CORALBERRY - Small , low-growing shrub of very pretty habit, slightly drooping , with very small flowers; red berries hang on all winter; foliage is excellent, green throughout the season. Thrives both in sun and shade, and one of the best low shrubs to plant close to trees. Height 2 to 4 feet.

♦CHEN AULT CORALBERRY - New. Improved. Graceful arching branches; small leaves; pink flowers; red fruit. Fo¬ liage free of mildew. Fine low shrub. Hardy.

♦ COTONEASTER , PEKING - A dense growing shrub with small, oval, glossy dark green leaves. Absolutely hardy in the Northwest .Stands partial shade. Heavy deep green leaves; splendid in shrub plantings. Height 6 to 8 ft.

CRANBERRYBUSH - See Viburnum

♦ELDER , GOLDEN - Similar to American Elder, except foliage is a striking golden yellow. Very good for color contrast. Height 6 to 10 ft.

EUONYMUS

WAHOO- Used for a large shrub or small tree. It might be mistaken for a wild plum except for its fluted ash-grey bark. Beautiful red fruit similar to the Bittersweet which shows its beau¬ ty chiefly in the dead of winter. Fol¬ iage beautiful in fall; height ,8-12 ft.

WINGED - Has an interesting curious corky bark. Foliage good light green turning a beautiful light red in autumn. Also attractive red berries in the fall. Height 5 to 8 ft.

♦ FORSYTHIA , BORDER - The golden yellow bell flowers appear very early in the spring, before the leaves. Shiny dark green leaves which persist until frost. Height 6 to 8 ft.

HONEYSUCKLE

♦BELLE - Hybrid of Morrow and Tatarian. Bloom and berries similar to Morrow. Grows fast. Does well near trees. Ex¬ cellent screening shrub. Height 8 to 12 feet.

Screen out unsightly views with shrub borders

13

HONEYSUCKLE - continued

♦BLUELEAF (L.korolkoirl) - A choice new variety of much the same twiggy^dense small-leaved drooping habit, and gen¬ eral appearance as Vanhoutte Spirea, attaining similar proportions. The light coral - pink flowers in small panicles are delightfully harmonlus with the dainty foliage which is con¬ sistently colored a distinct blue- green, especially pronounced and con¬ trastive early in the summer.

♦BRIDE - An improved Tatarian Honey¬ suckle with the same robust clean characteristics. It has larger blossoms, brighter pink in color. Very hardy,

♦QOLDFLAME - New, A superlative vari¬ ety; beautiful, hardy and versatile. The large flame-coral trumpets lined with gold, fragrant after nightfall, appear in Immense, showy clusters in the same year the plant is set out. Reaching its full glory of bloom in early summer, it nevertheless flowers abundantly from May until frost. Dark blue-green foliage; disease and pest free. Is attractive in Itself and makes a perfect background for the brilliance of the flowers.

Allowed to grow naturally. Gold- flame will climb a trellis or spread as a ground-cover; pruned, it becomes a striking specimen, shrub, while if planted in a row and sheared, it gives a smashing effect as an everblooming hedge.

♦MORROW - A dense-growing shrub, grow¬ ing well to the ground, with a good green foliage that comes out early and stays late. Grows in shade near tree roots, or where a dependable shrub is needed. Height 4 to 6 ft,

♦TATARIAN - We have the pink vari¬ ety. Blooms in June. During the summer and autumn, the bush is covered with red berries. Brilliant green foliage. Grows in shade. Good for screening. Height 6 to 10 ft.

HYDRANGEA

♦PEEGEE - Small white flowers borne in large pyramidal-shaped clusters dur¬ ing July and August when few other shrubs are in bloom; later they turn to rich shades of pink. Good for cut¬ ting, lasting as a winter decoration. Grows best when protected from after¬ noon sun. Height 3 to 5 ft,

SNOWHILL - Starts blooming in June and continues \intil frost. Flowers rather round clusters, white, turning green. Excellent foliage. Grows best when protected from afternoon sun. Height 3 to 5 ft.

LILAC

♦CHINESE - Sometimes called Persian Li¬ lac, Foliage smaller and not so dense as Common Lilac, Almost sure to bloom next year after planting. Does not sprout. Excellent in groups. We raise the light red variety. Height 5 to 9 feet.

♦COMMON - The lilac of our childhood, whose fragrance we cannot forget; used for border planting and for tall hedges. Beautiful rich green fo¬ liage. Height 6 to 12 ft.

NAMED LILAC - The named sorts have heavier flowers than the old common type aind they bloom when plants are much younger. Height 6 to 10 ft.

CHARLES X - Single, reddish-purple. A favorite.

♦PRESIDENT GREVY - Large, long pani¬ cles; . full double, medium blue in color.

♦CHARLES JOLY - Double, reddish- purple.

♦MARIE LEGRAYE - Dwarf Flowers creamy white. Single.

♦MADAM LEMOINE - Double, pure white.

♦LUDWIG SPAETH - Excellent. Single, dark purple,

♦WM. ROBINSON - Double, violet-pink. Striking ,

MOCKORANGE

♦SWEET - A strong growing variety with medium size flowers which are very fragrant. A favorite. Height 6 to 10ft,

♦VIRGINAL - A magnificent new variety. Moderately tall, good foliage and com¬ pact habit. The flowers are the larg¬ est, handsomest,fiLnd most sweetly fra¬ grant of any known variety. A real favorite. Height 6 to 10 ft.

♦JUNO - Foliage same light green as above varieties, but not so large . Compact grower, used for variety where a medium-sized shrub is needed. Can be used against south and west founda¬ tions. Height 4 to 6 feet,

NANNYBERRY - See Vibxirnum,

♦ DWARF PEA SHRUB (Car . pygmaea)- A dwarf shrub of merit. Yellow pea-like flow¬ ers in May. Very hardy in the Dakotas.

♦Indicates varieties of tested and proven hard¬ iness .

14

ORNAMENTAL SHRUBS - continued

♦ QUINCE , FLOWERING - A hardy and very interesting shrub. Has a beautiful scarlet and sweet-scented flower, very early in spring. Height 2 to 4 ft,

SNOWBALL - See Viburnum

SPIREA

♦ANTHONY WATERER - A dwarf pink shrub and blooms so freely that it may be kept in flower throughout the summer until late fall by trimming away the dead blooms. Flower clusters are about 3 to 6 inches wide. Used for lawn or foundation groupings. Height

2 to 3 ft,

♦FROEBEL SPIREA - Siiailar to Anthony Waterer Spirea. Grows a trifle high¬ er. Very good foliage. Height 3 to 4 ft.

♦GARLAND - Similar to Thunberg Spirea; foliage not as fine, a darker green, which does not show so much yellowish in summer, and blooms earlier. Height

3 to 5 ft.

THUNBERG - Low-growing, rounded abun¬ dant small white flowers in May al¬ most cover the bush. Foliage is quite dense. Leaves narrow, light green. Height 3 to 5 feet.

♦VANHOUTTE-Also called Bridal Wreath , although there is an old variety by that name. Used for foundations aod border groupings and for hedges. Graceful, arching branches. Good light green foliage which stays bright dur¬ ing the summer, changing to a beauti¬ ful color during the autumn, and its dense shrubbery appearance is even valuable in the winter landscape. The common way of planting these has been in singles, but their value in groups and hedges is Increasing in favor. Flowers pure white in May and early June. Height 4 to 8 ft.

SUMAC

♦SMOOTH - Our common Sumac. Used where natural groupings are desired. Height 5 to 10 ft,

♦SHRSDDED-Foliage cut more than common Sumac. Larger. Used for groupings. Height 8 to 12 ft.

♦TAMARIX (pentandra) - A shrub or small tree of very graceful form, with asparagus -like foliage, Flowers showy, brilliant pink, blooming in July. There are several varieties of Tama- rlx, but this is one of the hardiest, finest foliage and brightest bloom. Height 6 to 12. ft.

VIBURNUM

♦CRANBERRYBUSH - A bushy shrub with foliage of good green. Leaf similar in shape to the Snowball. Very showy in red berries which begin to color in midsummer and hold well throughout the winter. Excellent. Height 6 to 10 feet,

♦SNOWBALL - This is the common Snow¬ ball, one of the most popular of sprl:^ blooming shrubs. Its flower clusters are ball-like, pure white, and it produces no fruit or seeds. Height 6 to 10 feet.

♦WAYFARIIGBDSH - A large shrub with rough branches and large heart-shaped leaves. White flowers in flat clus¬ ters. Red berries which later turn to black, follow the flowers. Foliage colors well in autumn. Height 6 to 10 feet.

WEIGELA - PINK (Weigela rosea) - Early flowering, rose-colored bell - shaped flowers. Semi-hardy, Protect from winter sun. Plant on north or east side of house. Height 4 to 6 ft.

MISCELLANEOUS SHRUBS

Althea - not hardy north of Omaha,

Beautybush - (kolkwitzia amabilis) .

Dogwood - Coral

• - Goldentwig

" - Gray

« - Red-Osier

Elder - Americeui

Honeysuckle - Winter

Mockorange - Golden

Hinebark - Common

Pea-Tree (Caragana arborescens)

Privet - Regal

Snowberry - White

Spirea - Billiard

" - Double Bridalwreath

Sumac - Staghorn

Viburnum - Arrowwood " - Nannyberry

Weigela - Eva Rathke (Red)

"HOW TO PLANT" BOOK FREE

15

VINES

ADD CHARM AND BEAUTY

With their variance in color, their beauty of foliage and blossom, their grace wherever used, these vines frequently provide the finishing touches of any planting. Some adhere to the masonry, some must be trained through lattice or trellis, and others with their tendrils will cling tena¬ ciously, unshaken by wind or weather. We describe only those having been tested and proven equal to conditions of the West and Northwest.

♦ BETA GRAPE - Very hardy, good grower. Fruit of medium size and fair quali¬ ty. Good for pergolas and arbors.

CLEMATIS

JACKMAN - Large purple flowers, not so easy to transplant. Should be planted north or east of the building. Is tender and fragile and should have care while starting. Profuse bloomer in Slimmer.

♦SWEET AUTUMN - Rapid grower; has small white star-like fragrant flowers in abundance during late summer and early fall. Should be cut back each spring. Good for shade and arbors • Very good.

HONEYSUCKLE

GOLDFLAME - See description page IZw

♦SCARLET TRUMPET- Scarlet fire-cracker like flowers two Inches long. Blooms profusely and is very showy. Excel¬ lent vine for porches and arbors.

IVY

♦ENGELMANN (Amp. engelmannl) - Similar to Virginia Creeper except that it clings to stone, brick, or stucco and is the hardiest vine for this pur¬ pose, Colors in fall.

BOSTON (Amp. tricuspldata) -Three-lobed leaves. Colors in fall. Clings to stucco, stone or brick. Semi-hardy, Best on north or east.

♦'TRUMPET VINE (Bignonia radicans) - A hardy climber, large trumpet-shaped flowers, 2 to 3 Inches long, brilliant scarlet ir» August. Good for walls or trees or pillar shrubs.

♦WISTERIA , PURPLE - A rapid grower. Flowers pale blue, borne in long pen¬ dulous clusters in May and June. Good for pergolas.

MISCELLANEOUS SHRUBS

Halls Honeysuckle Silver Lace Vine Bittersweet

ROSES —

TH€ QUEEN OF FLOWERS

Roses are the most beautiful of flowers and are among the easiest to raise. We have given great care to the selection of the plants we offer and the follow¬ ing list will be found worthy and well-suited to western conditions.

Our roses are strong, two-year field grown, well-rooted and in every way first class. They have, in most cases, already bloomed, and will give satisfac¬ tion and permanent success.

HYBRID TEA ROSES

The everblooming roses for cutting. Bloom from J\ine until frost. All H, T. require winter protection. Place in beds free of tree or shrub roots. Do not plant with Teplitz or Hybrid Perpetual roses.

Plant in beds 18 to 24 inches apart in two or more rows.

The asterisk (♦) indicates varieties of most ruggedness.

(Hybrid Tea variety descriptions on next page)

16

HYBRID TEA ROSES - continued - -

RED

AMI QUINARD - Our darkest red.

E. G. HILL - Large, extremely double, lasting deep scarlet.

ETOILE DE HOLLANDE - Our most popular dark velvety red.

GLOWING CARMINE -The rich carmine flow¬ ers are globular, double on long stems fragrant and very lasting.

GRENOBLE - Large buds and flowers of scarlet crimson

♦MARGARET McGREDY - Large flowers of orange scarlet, fading to deep pink on very healthy bush.

♦RED RADIANCE - Cerise-red. A sturdy plant. Dependable bloomer.

YELLOW

GOLDEN DAWN - Very double light yellow.

GOLDEN RAPTURE - Buds and flowers of pure yellow on strong growing plant. Fine for cutting.

♦JOANNA HILL - Well-shaped buds and flowers of light yellow with light bronze shadings in center. Good cut flower.

McGREDY YELLOW- Perfect formed buds and flowers of the most clear light yel¬ low.

♦MRS. E. P. THOM - Slender yellow buds; flowers clear canary-yellow. One of the best pure yellow roses.

MRS. P. S. DUPONT - The most free bloom¬ er of all yellow roses for garden display.

WHITE

CALEDONIA - Claimed by some to be the purest white of all roses.

KAISERIN - Ivory white, pale lemon cen¬ ter. Popular.

SNOWBIRD - Prolific blooming, long- lasting white.

PINK

BRIARCLIFF - Large, pointed buds and flowers of rose-pink. Fragrant; im¬ proved Columbia.

DAME EDITH HELEN - Large beautifully- shaped buds, very double flowers of glowing rose-pink on strong stems. Fragrant.

EDITOR McFarland - Large well-shaped dark pink buds and flowers.

MRS. A. R. BARRACLOUGH - Large,, full blooms of vivid carmine pink.

♦MRS. CHAS. BELL — Shell pink sport of Radiance.

PICTURE - Well-shaped buds and medium¬ sized fragrant, rose-pink flowers.

PINK DAWN - Deep rose buds opening to lovely pink blooms tinted with orange at the base of the petals. Fragrant.

♦RADIANCE - Free flowering, vigorous grower, clear rose-pink.

SISTER THERESE - Long stream- lined buds of golden yellow.

TWO TONE

BETTY UPRICHARD - Delicate salmon pink with lively carmine on reverse of petals.

C0NDE6A DB SASTAGO-Oriental red inside, and golden yellow outside of petals.

EDITH NELLIE PERKINS - Delicate colors blended in beautifully formed blooms of light cerise pink. Inside suffused gold.

HINRICH GAEDE - Bright Vermillion, toned gold.

MME. JOSEPH PERRAUD - The nearest ap¬ proach to a pure buff , lightened with pink at the petal margins. Long stems .

♦MRS. SAM McGREDY - Fine buds with shades of copper and orange. Produced singly on strong slender stems.

♦PRES . HERBERT HOOVER - A combination of cerise-pink, flame, scarlet and yellow. The buds, borne uprightly on strong stems are long end pointed, and poss¬ ess a most exquisite fragrance.

TALISMAN - Rich yellow and rose-red. A favor¬ ite. _

LET US PLAN A ROSE GARDEN FOR YOU

It s Not a Home Until It’s Planted

17

BEDDING ROSES

♦GRUSS AN TEPLITZ - Our

most

outstanding rose for display.

A profusion of red roses from June to frost. Require some dirt covering for winter pro¬ tection. Plant in beds 24 inches apart. Twelve or more in a bed for best effect.

Height 2 to 3 ft. A Hybrid China, instead of a Hybrid Tea as usually listed.

POLYANTHA ^ BABY ROSES -

This class of roses grows more dwarf than other classes and hence are referred to as Baby Roses. The flowers generally appear in clusters, blooming from June until frost. For best effect, plant several of one variety in the same bed for the best display. Requires some dirt mounding for winter protection. Vari¬ eties below.

• ELLEN POULSEN - Bright rosy pink.

GOLDEN SALMON - Bright salmon-orange.

CLIMBING ROSES

Should have some winter protection. We handle only such as bloom in June.

• EXCBLSA-Light red. We usually recommend this as our hardi¬ est red.

CRIMSON RAMBLER- The old fash¬ ioned dark red favorite.

•DOROTHY PERKINS-An old popular pink.

PAUL’S SCARLET CLIMBER - A very showy scarlet flower. Our best seller, though more tender than the above va¬ rieties.

CL. AMERICAN BEAUTY - Large, double rose colored flowers.

WHITE RAMBLER - A white Dorothy Perkins.

■SHRUB ROSES

* GRUSS AN AACHEN - A soft orange-pink in the bud, changing to a charming salmon- pink and white as it opens. Good enough to plant in H. T. beds.

KAREN POULSEN- Large clusters of open scarlet flowers. Flowers very large.

•KATHERINE ZBIMET-Pure white, fragrant, old favorite white.

LAFAYETTE IMPROVED - Large clusters of bright cherry crimson. Claimed by many, as the best red Baby.

•MME. NORBERT LEVAVASSEUR - This vari¬ ety is often listed Just as Crimson Baby Rambler. Really a light red, but has been a popular variety.

MRS. R.M. FINCH - Double blooms of rosy pink. Popular all over the United States .

•HYBRID PERPETUAL ROSES

Called Hybrid Perpetual Roses, al¬ though not a good descriptive name. This class is much hardier than H. T. Roses, although they should be mounded with dirt for winter protection. Plant in beds 2 to 3 ft. apart. Produces large double flowers in profusion in June, followed by just a few blooms thereafter.

HUGONIS - Single, bright yellow flowers early spring. Used as a shrub. Super¬ hardy. Height 4 to 6 feet.

PRAIRIE- Rosa setigera. Super hardy wild bush rose. Growth arching or climb¬ ing. Large bright pink flowers in big clusters, followed by clusters of red berries in fall. Height 6 to 8 feet.

PERSIAN YELLOW - The old-fashioned yel¬ low June rose.

RUGOSA ROSES - This class is very hardy and requires no winter protection, so are used In shrub borders.

F. J. GROOTENDORST - An outstanding variety. Excellent foliage. Showy red flowers In clusters which show bloom throughout the growing season.

AMELIA GRAVEREAUX blooms good In June with clusters of large American Beauty Roses. Affected less by yel¬ lowing In alkaline soils.

NEW CENTURY and BELLE POITEVINE are pinks.

HANSA is an old favorite - violet red.

SIR THOMAS LIPTON - a white.

• BANK COVER ROSES

FRAU KARL DRUSCHKI-Called Snow Queen. Immense, lasting blooms. Very popu¬ lar variety.

GENERAL JACK - Clear red.

J. B. CLARK - Large, double blooms of deep scarlet.

MRS. JOHN LAING- Well-formed blooms of soft pink.

MULTIFLORA or JAPANESE ROSE-Super hardy. Large brambling shrub 6 to 8 feet high. Small white flowers in large trusses, red fruits. Used on road banks .

WICHURIAN ROSE - Grows close to ground as a vine; pretty green foliage. Superhardy. Flowers white, but not a feature. Used on home properties.

18

^ HARDY PERENNIAL FLOWERS

I Out list includes only Iris, Peonies, and Phlox which are

dependable. These are permanent, requiring no special coddling or winter protection in the West, which is necessary with most other so-called "hardy perennials".

IRIS

Its delicate beauty and wide range of exquisite hues have earned for the Iris, the name of "Rainbow Flower". By grouping three or mere plants of one color together, and arranging them in harmonious display, the re¬ sultant waves of color will truly resemble a rainbow; and what could be lovelier in springtime than a mass of these fragile blooms in the border or along a path? Irises are extremely easy to grow and are quite content in any location which is drained and sunny. Include some of the improved varieties in your Iris planting to give it new life and Interest,

♦ GERMAN IRIS (Bearded Iris) - "S"

refers to the three steuidard or up¬ right curling petals; "F" to falls or drooping petals. The figures follow¬ ing the name of each variety indicate the rating given it by the American Iris Society. Varieties below

AMBASSADEUR . 8.5-S lavender, F deeper tone.

RHfilNB NIXE - S white, F purple. Good landscape variety.

♦BABY IRIS, Blue (iris pumila caerulea) - A very neat low-growing Iris . Earliest of all, blooming ten days to two weeks before other Iris. Fine for edging and for rock gardens. April, May. Height, 4 inohes.

AUTUMN KING - It is a blue bi¬ color. Flowers large, blooms spring and fall. New.

.MADAM CHERBAU - White deli¬ cately bordered blue and suf¬ fused. Tallest white. Sweet¬ est scented Iris. Height, 42 inches.

HONORABILIS. 4.0 - 6 Golden

yellow, F mahogany brown . Height 24 inches.

♦BLUEFLAG IRIS (Iris versi¬ color) - Can be planted di — rectly in water. Will also thrive in the gaurden. Blooms late May. Height 2 feet.

• SIBERIAN IRIS . Foliage light and graceful. Flowers are large and well-formed, pro¬ duced in great abundance. A gem for flower border or waterside. Blooms late May, Height 2 feet. We handle the violet blue variety - Superba.

ENT. A. WILLIAMSON. 9.6 - An excel¬ lent iris. S broad, lavender violet F rich royal purple with yellow beard. Height 40 inches.

LORD OF JUNE. 9.1 - The color is prac¬ tically solid light blue violet. Height, 26 inches.

PERFECTION. 7.8 - An old favorite. S lavender, F deep violet. Height 36 inches.

PRINCESS BEATRICE. 9.5 - A variety of Pallida dalmatlca. S light lavender, F deeper slightly tinged violet

Height, 40 inches.

QUEEN CATERINA. 9.0. - Soft pink lav¬ ender. Midseason, A one-color Iris, Very fragrant.

QUEEN OF MAY. 7.4 - Soft lilac pink.

PRAIRIE GOLD. 7.8 - Clear yellow va¬ riety. Bloom very fragrant and long lasting.

♦PHLOX

Perennial Phlox can be used to ad¬ vantage in the hardy border, in large groups on the lawn, or planted in front of shrub groups, where by Judicious pinching back and removing faded flow¬ ers, a constant succession of bloom may be had until frost. Good for cutting.

BRIDESMAID - White, pink center. Excel¬ lent for cutting.

ECLAIREUR - A purple crimson.

FIREBRAND - A new red with clear bright color,

PYRAMID - Symmetrical head, pure white. Early and very hardy.

RIJNSTROOM - Fine for massing.

Large flowers of rose color and pink.

R. P. STRUTHERS - Cherry red, suffused with salmon,

UNNAMED PHLOX - Red, white and pink.

PEONIES

The "old red piney", that charming, old-fashioned flower, is hardly as pop¬ ular as it was in days now past, because the new, lovely and more delicately tint¬ ed varieties, which have been recently introduced, are crowding their old rela¬ tive into the background. The peony is very hardy. The average height is from 2 to 4 feet, each plant spreading out to almost the same distance. Below is a list of good named varieties.

The number after the name of each variety is the grade on a basis of 10 per¬ fection, according to American Peony Society.

DUCEESS DE NEMOURS. 8.1 - A

beautiful, early, almost pure white flower, with shadings of green at the base of the petals. Sometimes called a cream center. Very early, fragrant, should be in every planting. Two or three days later than the Festiva Max- imas.

as a cut flower. Early mid¬ season.

PHILOMELE. 7.7 - A pink with a yellow center. Planted for va¬ riety and for landscape ef¬ fect. Good bloomer and good for cutting.

EDULIS SUPERBA. 7.6 - We believe it

deserves a higher rating. It is the first early deep pink. Quite often in bloom for Memorial Day. The flowers are large, borne profusely on tall strong stems, A good cut flower.

FELIX CROUSSE. 8.4 - A deep rose red

flower of medium size. A very profuse bloomer. There is an entire absence of stamens. One of the greatest of all cut flower reds. Late midseason.

FESTIVA MAXIMA. 9.3 - Very popular.

Large blooms on long stems , Purest paper-white accented with an occasion¬ al flake of red in the center. Early, fragrant, full rose type.

FRANCOIS ORTEGAT. 6.7 - - Purplish-

crimson with golden center. Our best popular dark red. Midseason,

PRES. TAFT (REINE HORTEN SE) . 8.7 - This is a show flower. Tall-growing variety producing lots of large perfectly formed flowers on long stiff stems. The color is a uniform hydrangea- pink minutely splashed on a white back¬ ground, Also flecked with crimson; midseason.

RICHARD CARVEL. 8.8 - On account of its extra early blooming, large size, €uid splendid qualities, this variety is growing in favor. It is beautiful and lasting, and its delicate fragrance makes it valuable as a cut flower. The best of all early dark reds.

THERESE. 9.8 - A very large somewhat loosely built flower with long narrow pointed petals. Large blooms, and the color is a uniform light violet rose shading to a lilac at center. Midseason. An almost perfect pink peony.

KARL ROSENFIELD. 8.8 - This is a bril¬ liant and striking variety. It comes into bloom early mid-season. The flow¬ ers are very large, semi-rose type, and slightly fragrant. Very desirable for cut flower purposes. One of the very best reds.

MONS. JULES ELIE.9.3 - Largest of the globe-type varieties. An immense self- colored flesh pink, shading just a tri¬ fle deeper towards the base of the petals. Great prominent broad guard petals enclose an immense ball of in¬ curved narrower petals of the same color, all covered with an intense silvery sheen. This variety resembles a great chrysanthemum. A long keeper

WALTER FAXON. 9.3 - A clear self color, salmon pink. One of the greatest show flowers. Midseason. Semi-rose type.

UNNAMED VARIETIES - Red, white and pink.

Keep Gay Color in the Summer Garden With Perennials

Perennials Add Finishing

Touch to Yard and Garden

20

DEPARTMENT

In this Handbook will be found only those varieties which have been thoroughly tried, tested and found reli¬ able and satisfactory in every respect. Everything of¬ fered you in this handbook has our hearty endorsement,

MARSHALLS SELECTED STRAINS

For fifty years Marshalls have operated large orchards in connection with their nurseries. Sixty acres of orchards were planted almost 50 years ago and 100 acres, 20 years ago. These orchards have been very prof¬ itable as fruit producers, and invaluable for testing pur¬ poses in connection with the nurseries.

All new varieties of promise in the West and Northwest have also been pleinted in the test orchards and their performance watched. Those that are found worthy are propagated and offered.

In all, many hundreds of varieties have been tested and only the best- adapted have been retained. From these adapted varieties, certain individual^ trees showing better performance and superior fruit have been selected for mother trees, and these furnish grafting wood for propagation.

HARDY NORTHERN ROOTS

The roots on which Marshalls’ fruit trees are grafted are from seed of hardy northern sorts. These roots will not kill out from under hardy varieties as is often the case with ordinary trees which are mostly grafted on the more tender roots.

FRUIT

MARSHALLS FRUIT TREES A YEAR OLDER

The Marshall way of growing apple and other fruits is what is known as "Cut-Back” method. These trees are cut off Just above the ground at onh year old. They then make a strong straight growth (up to four feet) the second year, with well-developed side buds. The third year certain side buds are selected for limbs, auid others are pinched out. These selected buds are well-distributed over a long body space providing sufficient space between them so they will not crowd each other off when they attain size and age, which is most sure to follow with ordinary trees as grown in the ordinary way. This crowding of the limbs causes more splitting and crippled trees in the orchard than any other. Our method overcomes this.

No tree is ready for the orchard until it has gone through this careful shaping and has the limbs well-spaced and well-established. This can be done properly only by the hands of nurserymen who understand the orchard business and its problems.

The first cost of a tree should not count for much as compared with the future of the tree and the results which it produces. Read "Hardiness", pages.

^ APPLES

The earlier varieties ripen about the last of June, and the later sorts can be kept until that season.

Every farm home should have a family orchard. The hardier varieties will thrive and bear fruit in Nebraska and adjoining states even where climatic con¬ ditions are most severe. If soil and climatic conditions generally are favorable for farm crops like corn, wheat and potatoes, etc., apples will succeed with good care. Clean cultivation with light applications of barnyard manure every two or three years gives best results. Inter-cropping except with garden crops is not advisable since too much moisture needed by the trees is used by inter-crops. Weeds and alfalfa are two of the chief offenders. Orchards should not be pastured.

NEW. QUALITY APPLES ARE NOW AVAILABLE FOR THE NORTHWEST.

21

Even the city home can profit by planting fruit trees. They are very de¬ sirable for rear lawn planting where their shade is welcome and their beautiful and fragrant flowers are always a joy. What is nicer than to be able to pick some fresh fruit from your own garden?

We have cut down our list of varieties and are growing and offering only such sorts as have been thoroughly tested. The varieties that are really valu¬ able in the Central West are described quite fully, while those of less value are described more briefly. From many of these adapted varieties we have selected superior strains having outstanding color, size, and bearing qualities. For al¬ most fifty years we have operated large orchards, - 60 to 100 acres - containing hundreds of varieties.

(♦) The very hardiest varieties are marked with an asterisk. Keep these

in mind when making selections for the

and rainfall light.

Plant 25 to 35 feet apart.

SUMMER

♦ANOKA - New, dwarf variety. Fruit large, ripening in August. Splendid for cooking. Can be planted in the small yard. Attractive bloom. Very hardy. Bears second year.

♦BEACON - A recent introduction of the Minnesota Fruit Breeding Farm. In quality, productiveness, and hardiness it equals and surpasses any of the old varieties formerly grown. Beacon is everything that we want in an apple of the Duchess type. It will probably gradually replace Duchess throughout the North and West. It is similar, but an Improvement in several ways. Very hardy. Season, summer and early fall.

CHENANGO (STRAWBERRY) - Fruit medium size, oblong; skin whitish, splashed and mottled with crimson. A splendid table apple. Tree moderately hardy. A good annual bearer.

♦GOLDO - A cross of Duchess and Grimes Golden originated by Prof. Hansen of South Dakota Experiment Station. Size and appearance very much like Grimes Golden. Quality much above Duchess. Bears young and abundantly and is proving very popular as a home apple. In our trial orchard it has borne heavily each year since five years of age. Hardy in South Dakota, Should be in every home orchard. Season, August.

North and West, where climate i'b severe

APPLES

♦LIVELAND (LIVELAND RASPBERRY) - It is one of the earliest to ripen, usually being at its best in late July. Fruit is medium to large, splashed and shaded with red; flesh stained with red, fine, tender. Juicy and slightly tart. It is a fine dessert apple and makes excellent sauce, pies and jelly. Bears young. Hardy.

♦OLDENBURG (DUCHESS) - Fruit is large striped, and beautiful, ripening in August, but makes excellent sauce and pies as early as July when only half- matured. Should be in every home orchard for cooking. A good annual bearer. Bears young. Very hardy,

WILSON’S RED JUNE - One of the earliest apples. Small to medium. Larger than old-fashioned Red June. Heavy bearer; June to July,

♦YELLOW TRANSPARENT - Tree very hardy; an early and annual bearer. Fruit is large, pale waxen yellow, beautiful; fresh white, tender, fine-grained, of splendid quality. It is a favorite early dessert apple and is also suit¬ able for cooking. Season, July 15 to August 1st.

I Apples j

I The most valuable and dependable I fruit for the market or home |

FALL APPLES

MAIDEN BLUSH - It scores high for pies, dumplings, jelly and marma¬ lade, and is well up the list for sauce. It is also one of the best dessert or eating apples. It is mild in flavor, the flesh is fine-grained and juicy and the aroma is very pleasing. It is a beautiful waxen yellow, with pink cheek. Fruit is medium to large, flat. The tree is quite hardy and is recommended for planting except in the extreme north and west parts of the Central West. August and September.

(Fall apples continued next page)

22

FALL APPLES (continued)

♦McIntosh - a choice variety of the Fameuse type. Tree vigorous, with spreading head; a good annual bearer. Fruit above medium to large, highly perfumed; smooth polished yellow, almost covered with brilliant solid crimson; flesh, snow white, very good quality. September to November.

RAMSDELL - Annual crops of large, handsome fruit, conical, splashed and striped with dark red; flesh very tender, mellow, unusually sweet and rich, excellent. Fine for dessert or pickling and preserving. Tree very vigorous and comes into bearing early. October to December. A favorite sweet apple.

♦OTTER - Large, good quality. September to October. Perfectly hardy.

♦WEALTHY - Fruit large, variegated red, beautiful; splendid for eating; unsur¬ passed for cooking, jelly, drying, or butter. Bears young and is a heavy annu¬ al bearer. This variety should be in every orchard, family or commercial. September.

WINTER APPLES

♦CORTLAND - The fruits of Cortland and its parent, McIntosh, are similar, but those of Cortland average larger and are more uniform in size; they have more color, and the red is lighter and brighter; the taste of Cortland is much like that of McIntosh, although distinctive; the flesh is firmer, but Just as juicy. The apples do not drop so readily and ship better. Cortland is one of the best apple intro¬ ductions of the twentieth century. Hardy. October to January.

SOLID RED DELICIOUS - This is a new red Delicious that colors solid red and over, rather than in stripes like common Delicious, It colors earlier and can be picked while in prime con¬ dition, and thereby keeps better than Delicious which quite often is left on the tree longer than it should be in order to get the desired color .The tree and habits of bearing the same as Delicious.

YELLOW DELICIOUS - It should be in every family orchard, where adapted, as it bears young and the fruit is splendid quality. It is not related to the other Delicious, but is prob¬ ably a seedling of the Grimes Golden as it shows the family relation very plainly both in tree and in fruit. The tree is more upright, yet it re¬ sembles the Grimes very closely. The fruit is very much the same as Grimes both in color and in flavor. The season is about the same, being at its best in late fall and early winter, yet it can be kept much longer under special care. Is apparently as hardy as Grimes. Plant in eastern Nebraska, south half of Iowa and south and east.

GANG - This variety is supposed to be a cross between Ben Davis and Jonathan, It resembles Ben Davis very closely both in tree and fruit, except the color in which the red is evenly overspread and shows no Inclination to be striped. In hardiness, keeping

qualities and season, it is very sim¬ ilar to Ben Davis. This variety is preferred by some commercial growers on account of its better color. December to April.

GRIMES (GRIMES GOLDEN) - Medium to large, bright yellow, with pink cheek; flesh fine-grained, juicy, with a very pleasing spicy flavor. For pies, sauce and dumplings, is excellent . Very good eating apple. Keeps in storage until January,

♦HARALSON - A production of Minnesota, of Russian strain, and probably one of the best keepers of this class of ap¬ ples. Large; red very attractive. In Dakota, northern Iowa, and Minnesota, it is decidedly a winter apple and promises to be a very good keeper. It should be planted in the family orchard in northern Nebraska, northern Iowa, Dakota, Minnesota, and Wyoming. It seems to stand the climate fdlly as well as any of the Russian vari¬ eties and is the first real winter variety yet introduced for that terr¬ itory. It will grow all over Nebraska and, in fact, all over our territory, but it is especially adapted for the North euid West, and there is where it should be used.

JONATHAN - This variety is probably better known to average consumers of dessert apples than any other vari¬ ety. It is recognized on all markets of the country as one of the best among the few leaders of high quality eating apples. The fruit is medi\im size, red and beautiful. * The tree is slightly slow of growth when young, but grows stronger as it attains age; it bears young and abundantly. It is quite hardy and thrives in all of the Central West except in the drier portions of the northwest part. Season, November to February.

Fruits the Whole Season Through

23

KING DAVID - An improved Jonathan as to color and productiveness; not quite as good quality. Uediiim size, dark red. Comes into bearing young. October to January.

♦NORTHWESTERN (Northwest Greening) -Vig¬ orous grower and very hardy; fruit large, smooth and handsome, of a greenish— yellow color. In favor wherever grown; a valuable baking va¬ riety. Hardy, north. Season, October to February.

♦SALOME - Its hardiness, long keeping, good quality, uniform size all make it valuable for the North and North¬ west. December to March, Should be in every orchard.

TOLMAN - Medium, pale yellow, firm, rich and very sweet. October to December.

TURLEY - Should be in every family orchard in eastern Nebraska and south half of Iowa, and is especially valu¬ able for filling vacancies in old orchards. It will outgrow any tree 'we have. At five or six years it a big tree and bearing lots of fruit. The apples are large. Beautiful red color, smooth and fine. Splendid quality; season, midwinter, A good annual bearer and we believe it will give the best satisfaction of any apple that has ever been Introduced. Cannot be recommended too highly, es¬ pecially for filling in. The tree is spreading and shapely, open - growing, and requires little pruning. Is a sister to Stayman Winesap and tree resembles it, but both tree and fruit are better in every way. Will thrive where Winesap does well.

♦WINDSOR (WINDSOR CHIEF) - Medium to large; greenish-yellow, suffused with red splashes, becoming quite red when ripe; flesh pale yellow sometimes streaked with red; fine-grained and Juicy; mild, quality excellent. Is very much esteemed as a dessert apple. Fine for baking. Tree an upright, moderate grower, becoming stronger as it attains age. Early annual bearer; Very prolific. December to March. The highest award was won at the Paris Exposition in 1900 from apples of this variety grown in our orchards.

WINESAP - Medium size, dark red. Juicy, mild. A favorite late winter apple and a leading commercial variety on all markets, as well as a very popu¬ lar home apple in the West. Should be planted liberally both in commer¬ cial and home orchards south of the Nebraska-Dakota state line and east of 100th principal meridian. Is a high-class dessert apple; also very good for sauce, pies, Jelly and marma¬ lade. December to April,

♦PRAIRIE SPY (No. 1007) - Originated by Minnesota Fruit Breeding Farm. When Prof. Alderman first spoke of this apple, he made the following statement, "A most unusual, promising variety . Its quality is at least equal, if not superior, to any variety grown in the United States". The apple has not yet been named, but probably will be named "Alderman" - in honor of Prof, W. H. Alderman, head of the Horticul¬ tural Division of the State of Minne¬ sota. A worthy name for a worthy ap¬ ple. It appears to be the first high quality apple to succeed so far north. Is said to equal Jonathan in quality. Good red color, medium size and mid-winter keeper.

ALSO AVAILABLE

ARKANSAS -(MAMMO'TH BLACK TW BEN DAVIS FAMEUSE -(SNOW)

MAL INDA

MISSOURI -(mo. pippin)

1C) NORTHERN SPY

RALLS - JANET OR GENITON

stayman winesap

VIRGINIA BEAUTY YORK IMPERIAL

^ CRAB APPLES

♦DOLGO CRAB - This is one of Prof. Hansen’s recent introductions from the South Dakota Experiment Station. It is probably the most desirable crab Introduced for canning whole, as sauce or pickles, and for Jelly. Also fine for ornament¬ al planting. It’s a beautiful tree, is an ornament to any back yard or in any family orchard, with an abundance of large green leaves. Fruit is a good red color and perfectly beautiful. It bears young and regularly. One or two of these trees should be on every farm. Very hardy into North Dakota and Montana.

♦FLORENCE — Fruit waxen, yellow and red, medium size, very handsome and of good quality. Fine for Jellies, preserves, and pickles. Tree perfectly hardy; is an early and annual bearer. * September. Hardy.

HYSLOP - Large, dark red, sub-acid; bears its fruit in clusters; good eating and cooking;very hardy ;very popular. When over-ripe, becomes "floury". September.

♦WHITNEY - One of the largest, glossy-green splashed with carmine; is firm and Juicy; best quality; an iron-clad; a great bearer. Ripens in August. Makes a fine white cider. Fine for preserves and Jellies.

24

PEARS

A DELICIOUS EATING FRUIT

Pear growing, at one time, was considered a failure in the Plains States. With better knowledge of varieties and culture, pears are succeeding to such a degree that considerable coromercial planting has been done here in recent years. We have faith in a carefully selected list of pears when properly cared for. Plant only two or three varieties; try to get well-ripened growth; give only fair cultivation. Be content with an annual growth of from twelve to

eighteen inches. Rank, late growth is often the cause of disease. Plant four or five inches deeper than stood in nursery, and twelve to eighteen feet apart. (*) The hardiest varieties marked with asterisk.

STANDARD PEARS

CLAPP FAVORITE - This is a seedling of Bartlett and earlier ripening. It is lemon yellow in color, with brown dots. In quality, it is almost the equal of its parent, and hardier.

■•‘•IXDUGLAS - It is the best bearer of any known pear, bearing at one year after planting, and every year after. The bloom resists frost and adverse weather, and sets fruit almost with¬ out fail. Tree is spreading form from heavy bearing of medium-sized fruit which can nearly all be picked from the ground. The fruit resembles the Kieffer and is fully as large. It is about the same shape and a little darker skinned, sometimes with a blush. The meat is yellow and more desired for sauce and canning. Our tree in the trial ground was planted in the spring of 1928. It ripened several fine pears the next season and it has borne every year since, yielding as high as one and one-half bushels when five years old. To ob¬ tain best results, the fruit should be picked in September and placed on the floor or table in a light room. North light preferred. It will soon turn a beautiful golden yellow. It is then ready for use. No farm home should be without them.

♦DUCHESS - Is very large, dull greenish yellow, streaked and spotted with rus¬ set. Flesh white, buttery and very Juicy; rich; very excellent flavor. This variety, when grown as a dwarf, is often more profitable than the standard sorts.

♦FLEMISH - Large, red-cheeked, beautiful and of excellent quality, productive; one of the hardiest; very popular in the West.

♦KIEFFER - Tree has large, dark green, glossy leaves, and is of Itself very orneunental; an early and annual bear¬ er; the fruit is showy, valuable for canning, and never rots at the core. Is nearly blight-proof. October and November.

LINCOLN - Large size, with often a beautiful blush to the sun; buttery, very Juicy and high flavored; bears early and abundantly. Similar to Bartlett, but a better tree in this territbry. August.

SECKEL - Small, but of the highest flavor; a standard of excellence; a slow grower, but bears early. Ripens last of August. Productive.

DWARF PEAR TREES

The pear is one fruit that can be grown profitably as a dwarf tree. It dif¬ fers from a standard tree in that it is grafted on a quince root. This retards its growth and makes a dwarf tree. This slower growth makes it more resistant to blight and other pear tree troubles than the standards which grow more rapid¬ ly*

It also causes the tree to bear earlier, sometimes producing fruit the second year, and often quite heavily the third and fourth years after planting. Trees may be planted much closer (8 to 12 feet apart) than the standards, which makes them very desirable for city planting and for a limited space on home grounds. The Duchess is the best suited variety for dwarfing. Do not sell the dwarf pear in varieties other than Duchess.

DUCHESS - Described above.

The Hardiest Varieties of Each Class of Stock are Indicated by Asterisks (*)

25

'^CHERRIES

The FRUIT of MANY USES

Every home owner, whether in city, village or country, can plant cherries. Every housewife likes them for canning. They are one of the first fruits to ripen and one of the most resistant to Insects and disease. Plant a few each year.

♦EARLY RICHMOND - Medium, red, fine when well-ripened. Tree is hardy and very productive. This variety has been widely planted and has given general satisfaction. Home owners are now planting these in equal numbers with Montmorency, thus extending the season to about four weeks. Marshalls Early Richmond is from a selected strain of outstanding size and bearing quali¬ ties .

MAY DUKE - This is the most popular of all the Dukes. An upright, beaut if ul'K^H grower, and bears well. Fruit large,/ oblate, dark red, early. Is not af¬ fected by the leaf rust so destruc¬ tive in wet seasons. Sweeter than Richmond and Montmorency. Is fine to eat from the hand as well as for can¬ ning.

♦MONTMORENCY - The most popular of the sour cherries. Large, red, acid; larger than Early Richmond, and ten days later. Quality, the best. Marshalls strain is from a tree of outstanding performance located in Arlington on the property of the late Bruce Mansfield. The fruit of this tree was exceptionally large and the

tree bore very heavily year after year. It is not to be compared with the ordinary Montmorency.

♦MORELLO - Medium to large; is blackish red; rich acid, Juicy and good; very productive. This is an excellent late canning variety. Its color, both skin and flesh, is a black red. It is better adapted to sections of medium to light rainfall than to the lower more moist parts of the Central West. WEST POINT - Propagated from a tree of large red sweet cherry brought from Europe by an early settler of Cuming County, Nebraska. The tree is hardy there and has borne regularly for a number of years. It appears to be better adapted to eastern Nebras¬ ka than other red sweet cherries. Is recommended for trial except in the North and West.

YELLOW GLASS - A yellow sweet cherry Introduced from Russia by Prof. Budd while at the Iowa State College. Is a strong growing tree and has shown Itself quite hardy in our trial orchards. The fruit is medium size and good quality. Moderate bearer.

PLUMS

Plums are used for cainnlng, sauce, butters. Jelly and eating from the hand. This fruit has been Improved very rapidly in recent years. Varieties of highest quality only a few years ago, have now been discarded for newer and better ones. We have been testing out in our trial grounds many new varieties of promise, and are pleased to state that we are now offering some varieties that are definite¬ ly worth while. We have discarded almost all of the pure Japanese and European sorts, as they are only semi-hardy, and we now have hybrids with quality fully equal to these kinds and much hardier. Read the descriptions. Select more than one variety to Insure proper fertilization of bloom. Plums are self-sterile to quite an extent. (*) The hardiest varieties are indicated with an asterisk.

STANDARD PLUMS

♦EMBER (MINNESOTA No. 83) The new plum originated at the Minnesota Fruit Breeding Farm about which there have been so many fine reports.

Prof. W.H. Alderman, Chief, Div¬ ision of Horticulture, says, "Ember is a late plum of good size and has exceptionally fine dessert and can¬ ning qualities. It is yellow with an attractive red blush. It has two valuable and outstanding characteris¬ tics; it hangs to the tree tenacious¬ ly - even at full maturity -and after picking will keep in good condition for two or three weeks".

♦KAGA - One of Prof. Hansen’s best. It combines hardiness, inimense size, de¬ licious quality, long-keeping, beauti¬ ful color, small pit, and early bear¬ ing. It is a 2 inch, 2 ounce plum. A wonderful plum. Very hardy.

♦MONITOR - One of the market plums we have been looking for here in the Northwest. It has high quality, firm flesh and a large size-some being more than 1-3/4 inches in diameter. It is very productive and a regular bearer. Season, late August.

♦OMAHA - A valuable plum, originated by the late Theodore Williams of Benson, Nebraska. Very large. The flavor is excellent; meat is solid and pit small. A favorite from the tree and one of the best canning plums that is grown. Its size, testure, and the flavor resemble the Burbank, one of the leading California plums, and as a market plum it sells quite as readily. This variety is one that we will guarantee to please the most critical. Is very productive. Perfectly hardy in Minnesota. Season, medium. (continued next page)

26

STANDARD PLUMS - continued

♦TOKA - A new Prof. Hansen variety. A cross between the native northwestern wild plum and the Intensely fragrant Chinese apricot, Prunus simonl.Good for eating and canning. When cooked, the apricot flavor Is brought out to perfection. Very small pit. Begins to bear second year. Fruit medium to large. Very hardy.

♦WAUNETA - Older sister of Kahlnta,wlth fruit about the same size. It Is more Inclined to overbear, resulting in smaller fruit.

♦WEBER (German Prune) - An exceptional type of German Prune that has borne heavily and consistently for years on the grounds of the late Don. C. Weber in Arling¬ ton. The fruit Is large and quality excellent. The tree is perfectly hardy and a heavy bearer in eastern Nebraska.

BUSH PLUMS

These trees are part Sand Cherry blood and grow low and bushy and should be kept in this form. They bloom a little later than ordinary plums, thus better escaping frost. Generally free from rot and curculio. Very hardy.

♦COMPASS CHERRY PLUM - Sand Cherry and Wild Plum cross. Very good for pre¬ serving, Used In North and West on account of being very hardy. Not recommended for sections in which cherries do well.

♦OPATA - Ripens early. Meat Is green

in color. Ripens with us about July 10. Medium size. Very good. One of Prof. Hansen’s varieties.

♦SAPA - Fruit medium size, glossy, dark purple skin, flesh rich dark purplish- red, fine flavor. Very good. Prof. Hansen variety.

V APRICOTS

This fruit is a close relative of the plum euid peach, combining the qualities of both. The fruit ripens after the early cherries, Just before plums and peaches.

HANSEN-Pr of .N.E. Hansen of South Dakota State College, has originated a new hardy strain of apricots. We secured propagating wood from him and have a limited number of trees to offer this spring. Prof. Hansen says, -

"Hardy apricots are here - probably the greatest hardy fruit introduction in many years".

"The hardy apricots of the world are in North Manchuria, and in East Siberia. In my 1924 tour to North Manchuria, home of the old Manchu conquerors of China, I beceune interested in the apricots native of the region between Harbin, on the Siberian railway, and the Amur River. The conditions are really those of East Siberia on either side of mlninmm tempera¬ ture of 50 degrees below zero, Fahrenheit. I saved seed from many fruits euid now have 45 seedlings. The trees are a beautiful sight in bloom. The large flowers, white with dis¬ tinct pink tinge, appear early before the loaves. The fruit is yellow, somewhat smaller than the apricots of commerce, and makes delicious preserves."

Two very outstanding points of interest about these apricots are their ex¬ treme drouth resistance and their extreme hardiness. Heat and drouth, or the other extreme - 50 degrees below zero -, does not interfere with their vigorous growth and heavy crops.

MONARCH - Larger and better quality than the hardier sorts. Southern Nebraska, East and South.

RUSSIAN - Seedling, medium, and li^ht orange in color; flesh is sweet. Juicy and of good quality. August. Hardyj in Nebraska, the South and East.

J PEACHES

The northern peirts of both Iowa and Nebraska is not a peach country, and it is only by painstaking care that this section grows even a limited supply of the better class. The peach prefers a well-drained loam. We recommend the following sorts, hardy enough to stand without protection in the southern half of Nebraska and southern Iowa. Please remember the asterisk (♦) sorts will do best in the greater part of this territory. Plant 12 to 20 ft. apart.

♦CHAMPION - Fruit is large, beautiful in appearance; flavor delicious - sweet, rich and Juicy; skin is creamy white, with red cheek, becoming quite red when ripe. White meat. Freestone; season, last of August. Large. Tree vigorous. Is one of the hardier and well known varieties.

CRAWFORD - One of the best freestone peaches for the West. A rich golden yellow, sometimes slightly flushed; yellow meat; quality rich and delic - ious; a reliable bearer and as hardy as Wright. Season, late.

♦MARQUETTE- New dwarf peach from north-

ern Michigan. Bore considerable fruit in Wisconsin nursery second season after grafting. Appears to have aore hardiness than other varieties. Has borne heavily past two seasons in our trial orchard - trees not aore than six feet high producing as much as li bushels. Fruit is medium size, red cheek, yellow flesh, of high quality, freestone. Should be in every home orchard in south half of Iowa and in Nebraska and south.

MATTHEWS - Skin golden yellow, streaked with red; flesh meat yellow, firm, of excellent quality. Late. Freestone.

WEIGHT - A good one for Nebraska and Iowa. Season, late. Freestone. Small, white meat. Very fine quality.

ALSO ATAILASLlt. J. H. Hale

llberta

GRAPES

THE UNIVERSAL FRUIT

The Grape is at home in the West. In our deep soils, bright sun and dry atmosphere, it attains its highest perfection. There is scarcely a yard so small, either in city or coxintry, that room for a dozen to fifty vines cannot be found, furnishing an abundance for family use. To grow grapes successfully, plant in well-drained soil.

BLACK GRAPES

♦BETA - This grape is extremely hardy and will stand without protection into North Dakota. The fruit is medium size, fair quality and a very heavy bearer.

♦CONCORD - Most popular of all the black grapes. Must be protected in northern Iowa and northern Nebraska.

♦MOORS - A large, black grape ripening before the Concord; bunch medium, berries large, with blue bloom; flesh pulpy and of good quality. Vine is as hardy as Concord, moderately productive, better as it attains age.

RED GRAPES

♦BRIGHTON - Bunches large, berries of medium size, flesh sweet, tender and of the highest quality; ripens early; dark red, when fully ripe is almost purjle* Healthy, but should be laid down and covered with litter in late fall in the Northwest. Best red grape for West.

WHITE GRAPES

♦NIAGARA - Clusters large and handsome, compactly filled with large berries, having a thin but tough skin. When fully ripe, they are a fine pale yellow, with a thin white bloom, and the foxy aroma of an earlier stage has almost disappeared; the flesh is slightly pulpy, tender, sweet, and delightful. The vine is fairly vigorous and productive. It ripens with Concord. Hardness like to Concord.

j CURRANTS

Everyone knows their value as a household necessity; nothing makes such Jelly, with perhaps one exception, the crab, and that must give way to the bright color produced by the Currant.

Currants love a cool, deep soil, and a little shade. Among fruit trees or along the north side of a fence is a good place. No matter how good the soil, give good cultivation and plenty of manure. The following varieties will give good satisfaction. Plant 4 ft. apart.

♦DIPLOMA - Is called an improved Perfection. Fruit fully as large,

and quality equal. Heavy bearer. Bush is strong grower which is not the case with Perfection. Is perfectly hardy in the West and North, and stands heat well. A great improvement over the older common currants.

♦NEW RED LAKE-Flnest of all Red Currcuits — large berries, excellent quality, long, well-filled clusters of cherry red fruits. Originated recently at the Minnesota State Fruit Breeding Farm, tested in many localities, and everywhere promises to become the leading Red Currant for both home and commercial growers. The berry is unusually large in size and of superior quality; the clusters are long and filled out to the top, and with stems sufficiently long to make picking easy. The large berries are borne on long, well-filled, long-stemmed clusters. The color is a clear light red and the quality excellent. The bush is vigorous, upright, and productive. In fruit characters. Red Lake is as good, or better than Perfection; in plant characters. Red Lake is much superior.

28

‘^GOOSEBERRIES

In order to produce large, abundant crops of Gooseoerrles, it is necessary to manure heaTlly and prune closely; they require about the same location, treatment etc., as the currant, except they will stand more srm,

•GiHHII - Trult medium to large. A strong grower and very productive. Ixcellent quality. After the third year the bush loses its thorns. Hai*dy.

DOWSIHG - Trult large; flesh whitish green, soft. Juicy and good; plant vigorous and prolific; one of the very best

v^BLACKBERRlES

Plant in rich soil and a little shade, among trees, or on north side of trees or fence, if possible.

•AUEBD - A new, hardy Blau:kberry. Is a vigorous grower that will produce a crop the year after planting. The fruit is much larger than the regular blackberry, small-seeded, almost coreless sold very sweet and Juicy. Alfred starts bearing about ten days earlier than the Xldorado and is perfectly hardy, having stood throu^ temperatures of 30 below *ero without showing any signs of injury.

•SNYDSB-Medlum in size, sweet and good, strong grower; very productive .has f\illy proven its value.

RASPBERRIES

The Baspberry is one of the most delicious and popular fruits grown. They are always in demand in season and command good prices on the markets. Por ceuining purposes, they are unex — celled. They are easily cultivated auid require little care. Out out the old and weak shoots each year. With a little care amd attention they will prodiice large crops of berries.

BLACK RASPBERRIES

CUMBEELAND - Berries very large and even in size; bears very abundantly. Strong grower eind one of the hardiest. The best known Black Baspberry.

NEW LOGAB - Very disease-resistant, and most profitable; the best Black Baspberry ever grown in the West. The Michigan Experiment Station claims it to bo the most promising variety ever tried there. It ripens 10 days earlier than the Cumber — leind. The berries are larger, the yields are heavier, cmd even thou^ it bears heavier than Cumberland, you will hairvest all the berries in a shorter time. Be¬ cause it is 10 days earlier, quite often it is ahead of the heat period of Jxily.

In spite of recent hoAt and drouth, it has given fine results in our trial grounds .

PURPLE RASPBERRIES

POTOMAC - A New Purple Raspberry introduced by the U. S. Department of Agriculture. It la prov¬ ing to be one of the heaviest yielding of edl raspberries. Comparable to Latham Red in size and firmness of fruit, ^lallty is excellent, meklng an excellent Jelly without the addition of pectin, and making a Jam supreme. Vigorous , heal thy growth, exceptionally resistant to diseases. Potomac is far better than any other purple raspberiv. Is adapted either to the red or black raspberry country, and that means either to the North or the South,

RED RASPBERRIES

•LATHAM - A red variety that has been giving excellent satisfaction over atll of our territory. A large berry, good bearer, very hardy. By far the best raspberry so far disseminated in the rigorous climates of the North amd West. Also most popular red in entire coxintry.

ASPARAGUS

This vegetable is rich in vitamins which are so essential to health, and especially to the development of childiren. The Asparagus roots should be pleuited in well-prepared beds, the soil of which has been enriched by liberal quantities of well-rotted manure. For use it should be cut Just at the top of the ground when it is from three to five inches high. This is one of the earliest of vegetables, the shoots coming out before the frost is hardly out of the ground. Sot plants 12 to 18 inches each way.

•WASHINGTON-This is a rust-proof variety, best for general planting. Is largely grown.

RHUBARB

RED MACDONALD - Hew. Is a very highly colored, attractive red stalk, of large size, productive very tender and succulent, and of excellent quality, and particularly valuable for pies and desserts. Its color, when cooked without peeling, is as attractive as that of raspberries.

RED BUST - A new Red Rhubarb introduced from Canada. The stailks are intensely red as the name

implies. Even the inside of the stalk is red. Rhubarb sauce made from Ruby is as red as strawberry sauce. The skin is so tender that it can be cooked with the stalk.

Both Ruby and MacDonald are money makers on the market because they sell on si^t at a pre¬ mium over common itiubarb.

INDEX

Page

Apples . 20-21-22-23

Apples, Crab . 23

Apricots . 26

Asparagus . 28

Birch . 5

Blackberries . 28

Cherries . 25

Crabs, Flowering . 5

Ourreuits . 27

Blm . 6

Evergreens . 8

Firs . 10

Gooseberries . 28

Grapes . 27

Hackberry . 6

Hedges . 11

Iris . 18

Junipers . 9

Linden . 6

Locust . 6

Maples . 6

Ornamental Shrubs . 12-13-14

Omamentail Trees .

Peaches . 26

Pears . 24

Peonies . 19

Phlox . 18

Pines . 10

Plums . 25-26

Raspb-^rries . I5-I6-I7

Rhubarb . 28

Roses . 28

Shad e Tr e e . . 5-6-7

Shrubs . 12-13-14

Spruces . 10

Trees, Shade . 5-6-7

Vines . 15

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l6 Reasons

Why Marshalls Best Serve

Old, established company, — since 1887.

Marshalls Nurseries are located on high land with soil particu¬ larly adapted to tree and plant growth.

Marshalls grow stock that has proven its adaptability for the the Middle-West.

Marshalls grow the most complete line in the West, — they grow what they sell.

No expense is spared in propagation, cultivation and training to produce the best, — vigorous and dependable stock.

Marshalls put out Better Built tops auc! Better Built roots. They do not send out weak, parcel-post sizes.

Marshalls equipment for handlli g and packing out nursery stock is the best. Stock must be handled right as well as grown right.

Each order is carefully packed in sphagnum moss and wrapped in moisture proof paper, then in burlap to withstand long shipment without Injury.

Marshalls have specialists in charge of every department, — no better trained nurserymen in the business.

Marshalls are in close touch with the leading horticulturists of America and maintain trial grounds at the nursery, so are thoroughly posted on the latest developments.

Marshalls have grown fruit commercially for 50 years and know the planters’ problems.

Only honorable men are kept on the territory to serve you. They receive special horticultural training and are expected to help you with your problems.

Marshalls have “Certified Landscape Service” — the best in the West. Only trained men are allowed to make designs for land¬ scape service. Any representative making a sketch calling for stock amounting to more than 1 50.00 is required to send it to the house to be certified.

Marshalls can refer you to numerous large and small orchard- ists and thousands of home owners who believe in Marshalls Better Built Trees and Plants.

Marshalls furnish every customer with a “How to Plant” book¬ let, which makes planting easy.

Marshalls guarantee to satisfy every reasonable planter or home owner. A written guantee is furnished.