Historic, Archive Document

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i |

~ g@see- Invertebrates of

ccs, Meadow Creek,

see’ Union County, Oregon,

and Their Use as Food
by Trout

Carl E. McLemore and William R. Meehan

~ PSW FORE
W FOREST AND
EXPERIMENT Ss

ty e tise
Wes aes als

~ yl
ayy, ia hag

Authors CARL E. McLEMORE is a biological technician (fishenes), Forestry Sciences
Laboratory, 3200 Jefferson Way, Corvallis, Oregon 97331.

WILLIAM R. MEEHAN is a research fisheries biologist, Forestry Sciences Laboratory,
P. O. Box 20909, Juneau, Alaska 99802.

Abstract

McLemore, Carl E.; Meehan, William R. 1988. Invertebrates of Meadow Creek,
Union County, Oregon, and their use as food by trout. Res. Pap. PNW-RP-394.
Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest
Research Station. 13 p.

From 1976 to 1980, invertebrates were collected three times each year from several
reaches of Meadow Creek in eastern Oregon. Five sampling methods were used:
benthos, drift, sticky traps, water traps, and fish stomachs. A total of 372 taxa were
identified, of which 239 were used as food by rainbow trout (steelhead; Salmo
gairdneri Richardson). Of the taxa found in trout stomachs, 71 (29.5 percent) were
terrestrial.

Keywords: Invertebrates, aquatic life, salmonids.

Contents

12

Introduction

Study Area

Materials and Methods
Sample Types

Sampling Schedule
Identification of Organisms
Results and Discussion

Literature Cited

Introduction

Study Area

From 1976 to 1980, we sampled stream invertebrates of Meadow Creek, Union
County, Oregon. The objective of this paper is to list the taxa collected during spring,
summer, and fall by five sampling methods. This information was obtained as part of
a broader study of the effects of livestock grazing on fish habitat, the results of which
will be reported later.

The stream selected for study was Meadow Creek, a fourth-order tributary of the
Grande Ronde River in the Blue Mountains of northeastern Oregon, about 48 km
southwest of LaGrande (fig. 1). The study sections of Meadow Creek are located on
the Starkey Experimental Forest and Range. The stream maintains populations of
resident (rainbow) and anadromous (steelhead) trout (Salmo gairdneri Richardson).
Minimum streamflow, maintained mainly by springs, fluctuates with summer storms
(Bryant and Skovlin 1982). Stream temperatures range from 0 °C in winter, when sur-
face water is frozen and deep pools remain unfrozen, to about 26.7 °C in midsum-
mer. The stream is about one-fourth shaded (Bryant and Skovlin 1982) by ponderosa
pine (Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex Laws.), grand fir (Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don)
Lindl.), Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco), and lodgepole pine
(Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud.), and to a lesser extent, by mountain alder (A/nus
tenuifolia Nutt.) and willow (Salix spp.).

Ten study sections were established on the stream (fig. 1). The physical features of
all sections were similar. The streambed at sampling sites varied from sand (1.5 mm
in diameter) to large cobbles (127.0 to 254.0 mm in diameter).

Oregon |
( |
Map Location

Bally my ES Uf. Study Section
=) . re

Scale
\ ie) km 0.5

@ Sampling Sites

\

\ Headquarters. Starkey

**\ Experimental Forest
and Range

Figure 1—Locations of sampling sites.

Materials and
Methods
Sample Types

Benthos.—Benthic samples were collected with a modified Hess sampler! covering
a surface area of 0.09 m*. Two samples were collected from each study section and
preserved in formal alcohol (half 70 percent ethanol and half 10 percent formalin). In
the laboratory, invertebrate organisms were sorted from the samples, counted, and
identified to the lowest feasible taxon (generally to family, and to genus or species
where practicable); the entire sample was then freeze dried and weighed on an
analytical balance to the nearest one-tenth milligram.

Drift—Aquatic drift was sampled in each study section with a 280-micrometer-mesh
Nitex drift net, 76 cm long. Drift net openings were 0.46 by 0.31 m. During each sam-
pling period, drift was sampled for 24 h. Samples were processed in the field and in
the laboratory as described above.

Sticky traps and water traps.—Terrestrial insects and adult aquatic insects that
drop into the stream and become part of the drift and potential fish food supply were
collected during each sampling period by sticky traps and water traps. A pair (one of
each type) was placed at each of two sites within each study section.

A sticky trap consisted of a 0.31-m? piece of 6.35-mm plywood (painted white)
covered with a piece of 6-mil clear polyethylene film. This 0.31-m* surface was then
sprayed with "Tree Tanglefoot," a sticky substance used to trap crawling insects on
trees. The board was then taped to a 0.36-m by 0.36-m by 5.1-cm-thick styrofoam
float. When the trap was removed from the stream at the end of a sampling period,
the plastic film was cut off at the edges of the board so that a 0.31-m* collection sur-
face was retained. Butcher paper was placed over the sticky side to prevent crushing
or mold damage to the specimens, and the film and butcher paper "sandwich" was
transported to the laboratory. In the laboratory, the butcher paper was removed from
the film, which was then cut into 2.54-cm strips for viewing under a microscope. In-
sects were counted and identified to the lowest possible taxon, usually family.

A water trap was made from a 0.33- by 0.28-m plastic dishpan, 0.13 m deep, sur-
rounded by a 0.61- by 0.61-m ring of 5.1-cm-thick styrofoam that supported and
floated the pan. The pan was filled to about half its depth with water, to which 28.4 g
of formalin and 28.4 g of a surfactant (Ortho RX-77 Spreader) were added. The sur-
factant eliminated water surface tension and allowed insects to settle to the bottom of
the pan. A small hole was bored into a lower corner of the pan and fitted with a rub-
ber stopper to facilitate removal of the contents. When a water trap was removed
from the stream at the end of a sampling period, the corner plug was removed and
the contents of the pan were strained through a 0.5-mm-mesh screen. The material
remaining on the screen was washed off into a jar with formal alcohol and then
processed as described for benthic and drift samples.

' The use of trade, firm, or corporation names in this publication is

for the information and convenience of the reader. Such use does not
constitute an official endorsement or approval by the U.S. Department
of Agriculture of any product or service to the exclusion of others that
may be suitable.

Sampling Schedule

Identification of
Organisms

Results and
Discussion

Fish stomachs.—During each sampling trip, 10 steelhead (rainbow) trout were cap-
tured by electrofishing in each study section. Fish were anesthetized with Tricaine
Methanesulfonate, MS-222, and then were measured and weighed. Stomachs were
flushed by use of the technique described by Meehan and Miller (1978). Samples
were treated and analyzed in the field and laboratory in a manner similar to that for
benthic, drift, and water trap samples. Fish from 50- to 150-mm fork length were
used when possible because complete flushing of larger fish was difficult and error
was more likely in feeding habits for different size classes of fish.

Samples were collected three times each year (1976-80) in spring (mid-May to late
May), summer (late July to early August), and fall (late October to early November).
Sampling periods varied from 3 to 7 days; 5 days was the usual duration. Sticky
traps and water traps were set out in each study section at the beginning of a sam-
pling period and removed at the end of the period. As each study section was
sampled, a drift net was set out for 24 h, during which time the benthic and fish
stomach samples for that section were collected.

Several publications were used in identifying the organisms collected. Invertebrates,
other than insects, were identified through descriptions in Ward and Whipple (1959),
Miller (1960), and Pennak (1978). Aquatic insects were identified by means of
taxonomic keys in Hatch (1953, 1957, 1961, 1965, 1971), Usinger (1956), Jensen
(1966), Cole (1969), Anderson (1976), Edmunds and others (1976), Baumann and
others (1977), Wiggins (1977), and Merritt and Cummins (1978). Terrestrial insects
were identified primarily from Borror and others (1976) and Richards and Davies
(1977).

Invertebrates were listed as aquatic or terrestrial, based on the organism’s habitat for
most of its life (table 1).

Three taxonomic groups (10 individual organisms) were collected only on sticky
traps: Pseudoscorpionida (scorpionlike spider), Cyclorrhapha (suborder of Diptera),
and Cydnidae (gall wasps). The relative abundance of individual taxa collected on
sticky traps was less than one-third that collected by the other trapping methods:

Method Taxon
Benthos 210
Drift 248
Sticky traps 69
Water traps 209
Stomachs 239

The terrestrial contribution to the sticky trap sampling was 33 taxa or 47.8 percent.
Some problems inherent in sticky trap sampling are: less precise identification of
taxa, decomposition, predation, variation in application of Tanglefoot, and the escape
of large organisms from the Tanglefoot.

In the benthic samples, 30 taxa (14.5 percent) were terrestrial. Terrestrial taxa drop
into streams during flight, or they drop from overhanging vegetation and are carried
in stream currents until they lodge in the substrate.

In drift samples, 66 taxa (25.6 percent) were terrestrial. This percentage compares
closely with the 29.5 percent found in stomach samples.

Of the taxa collected in water traps, 88 (41.6 percent) were terrestrial. Water trap and
sticky trap samples were expected to contain a higher percentage of terrestrial taxa
than were samples collected by the other methods, and the percentage of composi-
tion of invertebrates collected by these two types of trap is similar.

The most abundant taxon collected during the study was the family Chironomidae
(32,484 individuals). Chironomids were found in 713 of the 930 fish stomachs
sampled. The second most numerous taxon was the genus Lepidostoma (31,765 in-
dividuals); 484 stomachs (52 percent) contained this genus.

Examination of stomach contents presents many problems, not the least of which is
the identification of the prey that have been eaten. Baetis hageni (parvus) Eaton is
an excellent example. The data show that 3,306 B. hageni were collected during the
study, but this species was found only in benthic and drift samples. The only baetids
found in stomach samples that could be identified to species were B. bicaudatus and
B. tricaudatus. |f B. hageni were present in stomach samples, they were identified
only to the genus, family, or order level. Even a skilled entomologist is at a disad-
vantage if only mangled pieces of organisms remain to study without well-preserved
general collections from the habitat where the fish were feeding.

Stomach samples of juvenile salmonids show that the fish consume a wide variety of
organisms (Siebert and Kask 1978). We collected 372 taxa by the several sampling
methods; trout stomachs contained 239 (64.2 percent) of these taxa. The availability
of a given prey is not determined simply by its abundance, but also by the predator's
feeding strategy and the behavior and morphology of the prey (Chess 1978).

Terrestrial, as well as aquatic, ecosystems are sources of invertebrate food for fish.
Streambanks and the entire riparian zone are particularly important. The terrestrial
component of the diet of trout in our study was 71 taxa (29.5 percent), which
demonstrates the value of riparian habitat.

2 Personal communication, Kenneth W. Cummins, Appalachian
Environmental Laboratory for Environmental and Estuarine Studies,
University of Maryland, Frostburg State College Campus, Frostburg,
MD 21532.

Table 1—Invertebrates collected from Meadow Creek, Union County, Oregon, 1976-80

Taxon

Turbellaria
Tricladida
Planariidae
Nematoda
Oligochaeta
Hirudinea
Gastropoda
Basommatophora
Physidae
Physa spp.
Planorbidae
Ancylidae
Lancidae
Lanx spp.
Pelecypoda
Sphaeriidae
Unionidae
Crustacea
Decapoda
Astacidae

Pacifastacus (Astacus) sp.
P. klamathensis (Stimpson)
P. trowbridgi (Stimpson)

Isopoda
Ostracoda
Copepoda
Arachnida
Araneae
Acarina

Pseudoscorpionida

Opiliones
Insecta
Dermaptera
Forficulidae
Collembola

Entomobry idae

Sminthuridae

Poduridae

Isotomidae
Ephemeroptera

Siphlonuridae
Siphlonurus spp.

ate

meletus spp.

Tricorythidae

Tricorythodes spp.
Baetidae

Baetis spp.

B. bicaudatus Dodds

B. hageni (parvus) Eaton

B. tricaudatus Dodds

Centroptilum spp.

Pseudocloeon sp.
Heptageniidae

Epeorus spp.

EE Tongimanus Eaton

Cinygmula spp.

Cinygma spp.
Heptagenia sp.

Number

Sample Habitat

type’ type” Season®
] A Ne
I 52 US) A 2
IZ AS A Ms 725)
1,5 A ID
1 A 3)
TAS A 1,2,3
1 A z3
1 A NG 252)
i A ¥
WA5) A 3
1 A 12
ih A ZB
5 A 1,2,3
1 A 3)
it A 3
1,2 A l, 2
2 T i
12d T Qs
Wass) A DBs
2a By os S T Ay Pee
Ls aS T Al MON i)
3 il ih
Bai i) eZee
Dees U eee 3
lit 5S T 3
4 T 2 3)
Dc) Lig 5) A DAs
Wp e> A Ih ea eo)
ath A 2 ah
Ws (Qa B, Gers A he Qa 3B
Wig 2ee Sade aS A 1 Qs
DA 35 TG: A Wee
4 A B
2 A Zinn
1 De SG) A Dares
IAD Ne) A NA Zany
Va Dae eS A gor as
Ie Baie A 4 02), 25
Dy ho A inh oD are
a2. A ny
ig De. Cra A gn Zole
i, 25 Ge 5 A Up, 'S
ie ee 4s, 5 A es}
WOR Sie Anus A 1 Pew
Ly Qe eS A des
2s 5 A RS Diy
Ly 2g By BD A Nye idee
ee, 5 A Wea an 2)
5 A 2

G DrRrpYrrvrppyp JE} JEL IEy Oe)
D>

ee eee (ace) Ja cei ee

Db

(eS
=) 25)

Table 1—Invertebrates collected from Meadow Creek, Union County, Oregon, 1976-80 (continued)

Sample Habitat Life
Taxon Number type’ type* Season? stage*
H. criddlei McDunnough 935 UE 2, ia A Way Zag LA
Rhithrogena spp. 8 eZ A 3 L
R. hageni Eaton fas) al A 3 iE
R. robusta Dodds 35 ee A 3 L
Leptophlebiidae 7 4 A ere A
Paraleptophlebia spp. 705 NI is Berek 0S) A Wag 2) LA
P. bicornuta McDunnough 568 Wa Be 5 A gee L
P. debilis (Walker) 13 ee A es L
P. temporalis McDunnough SE222 Ie ie A WZ LA
Ephemerellidae 3 4 A 3 A
Ephemerella spp. 1,498 A ee Bia he 5) A We 5. 3) LA
E. aurvillii Bengtsson 58 5 A Wo 25 2 L
E. doddsi Needham 104 le 2ee D A ly a Le
—. flavilinea McDunnough 52 Ie ez A We eB L
E. grandis Eaton 54 Ll Fae. 5 A Te E
E. infrequens McDunnough 4,961 DTS A RP Des bs
E. spinifera Needham 6 2 A ITA 73 L
—. tibialis McDunnough 283 I De 5) A le 2e $5 e
—. (Brunella) sp. Needham,
~ Edmonds 8 ee) A iL iE
E. hecuba Eaton 12 eS A Ze i
E. margarita Needham 539 We 7 A Me Fal) (L
E. (Serratella) spp. Edmunds 4) 5 A 2), 3 if
E. (Ephemerella) spp. Walsh 20 5 A My Ge 2) le
Odonata 19 iy 3 A Dis Drees LA
Gomphidae 63 Li eZ. A WZ ee LA
Aeshnidae 1 5) A 2 L
Orthoptera 26 DES hy. > T ere ee LA
Gryllacrididae 1] 4 A 3, A
Acrididae 12 ZIRT Hae T Ds Dress LA
Plecoptetra 252 MCh eB. hie) A Me Zam LA
Pteronarcidae
Pteronarcella sp. 1 U A U L
Pteronarcys spp. 5 ee) A Wan 2) Le
P. princeps Banks 3 TG ee A Ne 3S LA
P. californica Newport IS Te A We Pie) L
Taeniopterygidae
Taenionema sp. D Pe UNS) A 1 A
Nemouridae 190 2 CAD A 1s 2) LA
Soyedina spp. 4 A I A
Visoka sp. 1 2 A 3 IL
Nemoura spp. 193 2 Aen A 1 LA
N. (Nemoura) sp. alu Pies) A I LA
Zapada spp. 153 eZ A> A ie ZA LA
Zapada cinctipes Banks } 053 Ie Pap ane A WAG) LA
Malenka spp. 3 5 A Wee 2 L
Podmosta spp. 1,168 Ha FO ae NS A heey LA
Amphinemoura sp. 2 5) A az Is
benerride z ll ya disaeD A yy 2 LA
Leuctra sp. 1 4 A 1 A
Despaxia augusta Banks 5 I A i ie
Paraleuctra spp. 25 Ws, S A Mo Ba 2 LA
Megaleuctra sp. 1 3} A i A
Capniidae 528 Ip x tee 5) A Dye LA
Eucapnopsis sp. 73 ZA A 1 LA
Capnia sp. i} 4 A 1 A
Capnia spp. (complex) 322 ee A Ws 2) L
Utacapnia sp. 1 4 A 1 A
Perlidae 3,752 Lae 5 A eas LA
Acroneuria spp. 6 A A ie) IE
Calineuria californica
(Banks) 3, 902 Ne 25 2 A iy eae. L
Perlodidae 178 IN Pave (ie 1) A ee ara 2) LA
6 Isoperla spp. 56 dl Rey ay, (anne A Ls eae LA

7

——

Table 1—Invertebrates collected from Meadow Creek, Union County, Oregon, 1976-80 (continued)

Taxon

enWsea
~ (Needham and Claassen)
I. marmorata
~ (Needham and Claassen)
Perlinodes aurea Smith
Skwala spp.
Cultus sp.
Chloroperlidae
Sweltsa spp.
S. coloradensis Banks
Psocoptera
Mallophaga
Thysanoptera
Hemiptera
Corixidae
Graptocorixa spp.
Hesperocorixa sp.
Cydnidae
Scutelleridae
Gerridae
Gerris spp.
Trepobates spp.
Veliidae
Rhopalidae
Saldidae
Anthocoridae
Miridae
Nabidae
Reduviidae
Lygaeidae
Berytidae
Pentatomidae
Homoptera
Membracidae
Cicadellidae
Cercopidae
Delphacidae
Psyllidae
Aphididae
Adelgicae
Eriosomatidae
Coleoptera
Lathridiidae
Carabidae
Haliplidae
Haliplus spp.
Brychius spp.
Polyphaga spp.
Amphizoidae
Dytiscidae
Deronectes sp.
Oreodytes spp.

Bidessus spp.

Hydroporus spp.
Nemesis
Histeridae
Hydrophilidae

Hydrochus sp.

Paracymus spp.

Anacaena sp.

Chaetarthria sp.
Laccobius sp.

Sphaeridium sp.

Berosus sp.

Number

Sample Habitat

type! type* Season?
1 A aL
4 A 1
We a hen 5 A Te Sen 8)
I Za & A Mn oe
DZ A Bs
Wins Die eon Uelee eS) A llpe2
Mee Avo es) A NZ
Z A al
Do MS i We ns
4 il al
Was ake aD T I eS
WU esl Bi ELD) A 4 OTA a)
Ws Be Be Ag 9D A We
2 A 3
D A at
y Tf al
2 i g
DB A ile nes
ey Boy Do ey A Ie)
x he) A Let
4 A 2
BMS T 3
Boi 5 T Ti BZ oe
2 T Age:
Mas ih We lee
I 2, 4, 5 ih 1, 2, 3
4 ai 2
De KS: 1 Thy, Wn es
5) if 2
Dy GSD) T 2,
a 2a, Bia fa 5 fl Werte
4 il 3
Wee 5 eS if We AyD
Dah oop aaa) T Mee
We Be SS) T de ee ha
WerZe See AS) il Mie Canine)
IA eB) a Th Milo) iT Me ce
Tay thi 3) il Pas oe)
WV o85 il 3
Wey Be Bee A Aiea ies
2 ih 3
I Bay Bo Aged il eS
Wey By A Wa i.
Bio tl A ai
Ih Bo SB A Me a
5 A 2
a2 A Zo
No 25 So yD A Mes es)
eee A DES
BoD A I gee)
2 A B
iy 3 A DAS os
PZ A Divi
5 A 3
2 M5 S) A Waren 2
4 A 2
Lo 25 DB A WD 03
2 A Ihe
it A 1
Z. A 3
2 A it
2 A 3

Life
stage*

Be ae pes oe) 2) (Edy ae se

eS eee ere
32) 2S) ASV aSy eye) ou

(Tm2>
D

D

eg ee cs ea eee

Table 1—Invertebrates collected from Meadow Creek, Union County, Oregon, 1976-80 (continued)

Sample Habitat Life
Taxon Number type’ type* Season? stage*
Helophorus spp. 6 Pac Be © A Ne 5 3! A
Hydrobius sp. 1 5 A JI A
Hydraenidae
Hydraena spp. 95 fa th A He 2d. 3) A
Ochthebius sp. 10 2 A Wes A
Scarabaeidae Is) Phys Uke. S) ¥ We A
Ptiliidae 13 Phe ll 5 li ib evar Pe) A
Chrysomelidae 98 I aguas 2S) A 1) Brite) A
Staphy linidae 661 We ne Bie lye A We Bo LA
Scydmaenidae iE) LSD T 3 A
Cantharidae 48 RZ aco, T Wy Bo B LA
Curculionidae 28 Ney GD T ee, 3 A
Scolytidae 37 Phy th 5} T Me ay 3) A
Elateridae 13 ZB ie T Zee. A
Byrrhidae 12 Ay =D T Ne aaa A
Buprestidae 1 4 I 2 A
Psephenidae 6 VEZ A Mis 22 iL
Elmidae 110 Meee oie. Ute.) A Wn. By & LA
Heterlimnius spp. 42 I ae Ve 5) A an. & LA
H. koebelei Martin 208 Naa A Is 2 A
Optioservus spp. 2,436 Te see we A eee LA
0. divergens (Le Conte) 3 Il A he 3) A
Narpus spp. 21 al A a Zia L
N. angustus Casey 6 Ly 2 A 5 Ag A
Zaitzevia spp. 638 GZ A 254 3 L
Z. parvula (Horn) 326 Ja eiea 453 A ne, BD A
Microcylloepus pusillus
Le Conte 7 i A FAAS LA
Cleptelmis spp. 53 dh eerie) A Iie 3) LA
C. ornata (Schaeffer) 47 MS aS) A We 2AM 3) A
C. addenda (Fall) ] 1 A 3 A
Ordobrevia sp. 450 1 anes: A he 2e LA
O. nubifera (Fall) 83 ls Ge A Me 2) LA
Derodontidae 1 U i U A
Cryptophagidae 2 T 1 A
Rhizophagidae 3 5 T Ws 3) A
Nitidu] idae 5 Zi tee 35 Ti Na we & A
Cucujidae 1 4 T 2 A
Coccinellidae 9 Die Sicily es} T Ae 2 A
Cerambycidae 6 Ve) T Ibe 2 A
Anthicidae ik 4 ay 2 A
Mecoptera i 4 T 3 A
Neuroptera 29 Zina T IA Play 3) LA
Sialidae
Sialis spp. ZAM i Sots) A eee. L
Raphidiidae 6 Phe sole IGN 5) T I A
Hemerobiidae 3 244 T Za A
Trichoptera Les Me HIRE he WN" 5) A N72 51a) LPA
Limnephilidae 53 eZee aye 5 A WS es 2 LPA
Neophylax spp. 321 We eevee 9) A Ny eg 2) L
Apatants spp. 5 1 A ] L
Dicosmoecus spp. 56 Ny Po as) A IY Ad. i) LP
Ecclisomyia spp. 3 5 A A L
Onocosmoecus spp. 6 ly A 59) iz
Psychoglypha spp. 4 iy 2 A LS) L
Limnephilus sp. il 4 A a L
Philopotamidae 260 My ce) A is 3 LPA
Wormaldia spp. 34 Ze A Zim U3
Dolophilodes spp. 3 1 A 3 L
Rhyacophilidae Ie ae) A yd 5) LPA
Rhyacophila spp. 9 Me ee) A FA) LP
R. (nevadensis) group 4 5 A M jE
R. (rotunda) group 9 re A lesee rs L
8 R. (sibirica) group 2 5 A les i

Table 1—Invertebrates collected from Meadow Creek, Union County, Oregon, 1976-80 (continued)

Sample Habitat Life
Taxon Number type’ type* Season? stage*
R. (coloradensis) group Z i A We L
Hydropsychidae 139 le 2, Ao DB A We 25D LA
Hydropsyche spp. TG, Ie 2a Big A Me AAS) LA
Psychomy iidae 3 Bo 5 A ig LA
Psychomyia spp. 8 LES A 3 ls
Brachycentridae
Amiocentrus spp. s) Diy A i ls
Micrasema spp. 5 Ze 5 A diesen) L:
Brachycentrus sp. 1 i! A U L
(eaicestoreide
Lepidostoma spp. 31,765 the Zo he A ean 2 LPA
Glossosomatidae 163 Ne Be Bas) A Appia) LPA
Agapetus sp. il 5 A 3 A
Glossosoma spp. 525 Io fe 5 A Mest vie) LPA
Phry ganeidae 1 4 A 3 A
Hydroptilidae 396 Ds WP op tulle AS) A I reyes) LPA
Hydroptila spp. 40 hee a 5} A Me ae) le
Leucotrichia spp. 5 leo 25 3 A Voge, 25) E
Ochrotrichia spp. 87 ay A en Page B ie
Alisotrichia spp. 16 I ee. By A Rr [e
Neotrichia spp. 9 eS) A 2 IE
Stactobiella sp. ll ie A il EE
Sericostomatidae :

Gumaga sp. 2 4 A Z A
Helicopsychidae 8 Nes A iD) LPA
Helicopsyche spp. 4O La S) A We 2 L

Lepidoptera 466 Meg BG evan A Dy PA oe) LPA
Noctuidae 6 4 A 2 LA
Geometridae 16 2A i Cas 3) LA
Pyralidae 779 13725 Be A Mae) LPA

Diptera 47 le 2a, 4:5, -5 A Wes me LPA

Nematocera 3 Pu) A Die LA
Tipulidae 4,936 a By Dee ar S A Miso sling) LPA
Antocha spp. 2,428 Ne 2a Bos A Is Zs LPA
Limnophila spp. 3,059 Ie eS) A Np ea) L
Dicranota spp. 77 Le Ba Bees A NZD L
Tipula spp. 5) Zu A 3 (i
Hexatoma spp. 1305 Re oS A Tale aia) L
Rhabdomastix spp. 5 1 A il L
R. fescigera Alexander il 1 A il Us
Gonomyia spp. 5 1 A i L
Psychodidae 183 Ihe Gaye nN 2) A ie eZayated, LPA
Pericoma spp. 29 Ns A Ve Fg 2 L
Maruina sp. 1 5 A 1 L
Ptychopteridae (= Liriopeidae) 1 2 A 2 L
Blephariceridae 14 Ne 25 26 Ao 8 A 1 LPA
Deuterophlebiidae 58 We, 25 Bh OSS A My 2602) LPA
Dixidae 42 Be Be Ags) A Ae LPA
Dixa sp. 120 Tn es eA WS) A Las LP
Meringodixa sp. 6 2: A Bi L
Paradixa sp. 6 Z A U Uh
Culicidae 27 Ay bye 5 A Maa PA
Ceratopogonidae (= Heleidae) 321 is Zep eda ly sb) A ep ae BD LPA
Atrichopogon sp. i 5 A 3} E
Bezzia spp. 1,090 2D A Waa) L
Chironomidae
(= Tendipedidae) 32,484 bp 25 Bo By. 5 A lp By 2 LPA
Chironomini, tribe 4, 326 We Ze ha) A We ents) LP
Tanytarsini, tribe 10,360 Ne 2 ae 5) A Wee Para 2) LPA
Pentaneurini, tribe 1,809 Wee Ba gS) A IE eae. o) LP
Macropelopiini, tribe 4 ] A ey} ib
Diamesini, tribe SM Ny Begs) A Mi eae) kp
Orthocladiini, tribe 9,905 We Be BS) A MS, Pape) LPA
Corynoneurini, tribe 605 Nee Hy ia) A eZee LP

Table 1—Invertebrates collected from Meadow Creek, Union County, Oregon, 1976-80 (continued)

Sample Habitat Life
Taxon Number type’ type? Season? stage*
Simuliidae 506 WER e a By US) A le Bo 2 LPA
Prosimulium spp. ZN) Mes iS) A 1 2s ee LP
Simulium spp. SYD, IAS eThe i) A IES P25) 5) [ie
Twinnia sp. 5 2 A 1 Ie
Bibionidae 76 Dhig, 'S) aie a5) T lp a 3 LA
Mycetophilidae 336 Nee Sho the 5) 1 Is S253) A
Sciaridae 1,375 TR DENS) widen Ne T ie ee LA
Scatopsidae ih 4 i 2 A
Cecidomyiidae 185 12) Se, See T le, Bo BS LA
Brachycera 174 7h andl ini) A Ni ee, 2) LA
Acroceridae 2 4 a 1 A
Coenomy iidae 1 5 T 1 A
Stratiomy idae 5 Je 2 aes) A LS L
Tabanidae 118 oS A Fen L
Rhagionidae 96 Me eee nS) VU Pa Are) LA
Atherix spp. 159 1 A 25 2 L
Asilidae 90 Fane Syne nes 15) T 2 A
Bomby liidae 5 4 MN eZ A
Empididae 05 WA wei lee i} Ne 2 e LPA
Dolichopodidae DLO Ie Dele ath Ayes) il Win eg A
Cyclorrhapha Zi Tee: te aemin lie) if We 3) LPA
Lonchopteridae 6 dL eh arpa dll T Ze A
Phoridae 52 2 aye Ae nD al lean SS LA
Pipunculidae vy VAR aS) i 2 A
Syrphidae 19 DD siweiicg PUNE tS) T Wee & LA
Sepsidae 13 lg gedit) i Nan A
Psilidae 10 Darel rap) ile We 2 A
Sphaeroceridae 67 Cr ae) U I a5) A
Milichiidae 12 Wee Bans) il Ms Bs A
Ephydridae 2,684 2 din ANS BSS A We 2s <3) LPA
Drosophilidae 30 lames arma i Wy 5S) A
Chloropidae 28 HL A SNES) T pS A
Aqromyzidae 24 ND Lt MN Me QE ow A
Clusiidae Zz SD) T le 2 A
He leomyzidae 38 Deroy 425 T I 2S A
Camillidae 5 2 ui 3 A
Sarcophagidae 6 4 T 2 A
Anthomyzidae 2 A'S T il A
Dryomyzidae 2 4 T 2 A
Platypezidae 2 Z T 5} A
Calliphoridae 9 Siena i Mwy A
Anthomy iidae 152 Di asap a) T ee 2 A
Muscidae 141 Pipe yen als ays) A Nee. 2 LA
Scatophagidae 2 4; 2 T Dee: A
Tachinidae 85 4. 5 T Wee 3) A
Hippoboscidae 1 4 T 3 A
Siphonaptera 2 4 A 2 A
Hymenoptera 141 Taig vay tenes) A MN etieaey LA
Symphyta (= Chalastogastra) 19 Zeno GS 1 Waray 1) LA
Tenthredinidae 35 fag ish hls) T My 38 ae) LA
Apocrita (= Clistogastra)
Ichneumonoidea
Ichneumonidae 195 M72 nea eS) A I aah © A
Braconidae 32 Dil ee A 1 ae) A
Chalcidoidea 350 We pe cig Cin S A i 25 ee A
Mymaridae 4 (i 5) A eZ A
Cynipoidea 8 254 1 WS i A
Cynipidae 2 Ze D 1 WS ae) A
Proctotrupoidea (= Serphaidea) 215 Ae SSL, N99 T Le 2S A
Diapriidae 5} I A 2 A
Scelionidae 2 4 A 1 A
Bethyloidea
Dry inidae 1 T 2 A

10 Scolioidea

Table 1—Invertebrates collected from Meadow Creek, Union County, Oregon, 1976-80 (continued)

Taxon

Formicidae
Tiphiidae
Vespoidea
Vespidae
Pompilidae
Sphecoidea
Sphecidae
Apoidea
Andrenidae
Halictidae

Sample type:

ESS {H) Ley

Life stage:

Habitat type:
Season; 9 ==springs 2 = summers 3 =) fall U = sunkmowm:

L

1

A

Sample Habitat

Number type’ type“
OOS, Le aor as Ages i)
dl 4 T

2 ) ie
4 4 A
1 4 T
] 5 ih
24 ee 5 ii
2 4 T
3 4 ilk

benthies 2 = (drift. 3 = “sticky trap; 4 = water trap; 5
= aquatic? 1 = Eennestpralls UW = umkmowm:.

larva; P= pupa; A = adult.

Life
Season? stage*
IWS) LA
2 A
3 A
Ze A
2 A
il A
Tea arene) A
2 A
2 A

stomach; U = unknown.

11

Literature Cited

Anderson, Norman H. 1976. The distribution and biology of the Oregon Trichoptera.
Tech. Bull. 134. Corvallis, OR: Agricultural Experiment Station, Oregon State
University. 152 p.

Baumann, Richard W.; Gaufin, Arden R.; Surdick, Rebecca F. 1977. The
stoneflies (Plecoptera) of the Rocky Mountains. Memoirs of the American
Entomological Society. 31: 1-208.

Borror, Donald J.; Delong, Dwight W.; Triplehorn, Charles A. 1976. An introduc-
tion to the study of insects. 4th ed. New York, NY: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.
852 p.

Bryant, Larry D.; Skovlin, Jon M. 1982. Effect of grazing strategies and rehabilita-
tion on an eastern Oregon stream. In: Hashagen, K.A., ed. Habitat disturbance
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Inc.: 27-30.

Chess, James R. 1978. Some procedures for assessing organisms associated with
rock substrata. In: Fish food habits studies: Proceedings of the 2d Pacific
Northwest technical workshop. Wash. Sea Grant Publ. Seattle, WA: University of
Washington: 25-28.

Cole, Frank R. 1969. The flies of western North America. Berkeley, CA: University of
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Edmunds, George F., Jr.; Jensen, Steven L.; Berner, Lewis. 1976. The mayflies
of North and Central America. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press.
330 p.

Hatch, Melville H. 1953. The beetles of the Pacific Northwest. Part 1: Introduction
and Adephaga. Seattle, WA: University of Washington Press. 340 p.

Hatch, Melville H. 1957. The beetles of the Pacific Northwest. Part 2:
Staphyliniformia. Seattle, WA: University of Washington Press. 384 p.

Hatch, Melville H. 1961. The beetles of the Pacific Northwest. Part 3: Pselaphidae
and Diversicornia |. Seattle, WA: University of Washington Press. 503 p.

Hatch, Melville H. 1965. The beetles of the Pacific Northwest. Part 4:
Macrodactyles, Palpicornes, and Heteromera. Seattle, WA: University of
Washington Press. 268 p.

Hatch, Melville H. 1971. The beetles of the Pacific Northwest. Part 5: Rhipiceroidea,
Sternoxi, Phytophaga, Rhynchophora, and Lamellicornia. Seattle, WA: University
of Washington Press. 662 p.

Jensen, Steven Leroy. 1966. The mayflies of Idaho (Ephemeroptera). Salt Lake
City, UT: University of Utah. 352 p. M.S. thesis.

Meehan, W.R.; Miller, R.A. 1978. Stomach flushing: effectiveness and influence on
survival and condition of juvenile salmonids. Journal of the Fisheries Research
Board of Canada. 35(10): 1359-1363.

Merritt, Richard W.; Cummins, Kenneth W., eds. 1978. An introduction to the
aquatic insects of North America. Dubuque, IA: Kendall/Hunt Publishing Co. 411 p.

Miller, George Carl. 1960. The taxonomy and certain biological aspects of crayfish
of Oregon and Washington. Corvallis, OR: Oregon State College. 216 p. M.S.
thesis.

Pennak, Robert W. 1978. Fresh-water invertebrates of the United States. 2d ed.
New York, NY: John Wiley and Sons. 803 p.

Richards, O.W.; Davies, R.G. 1977. Imms’ general textbook of entomology. 10th ed.
New York, NY: John Wiley and Sons. 1,354 p.

Siebert, John; Kask, Beverly. 1978. Do fish have diets? In: Shepard, B.G.; Ginetz,
R.M.J., Rapporteurs. Proceedings, 1977 Northeast Pacific chinook and coho sal-
mon workshop; 1977 January 17-19; Vancouver, BC. Tech. Rep. 759. Vancouver,
BC: Fisheries and Marine Service: 48-57.

Usinger, Robert L., ed. 1956. Aquatic insects of California. Berkeley, CA: University
of California Press. 508 p.

Ward, Henry Baldwin; Whipple, George Chandler. 1959. Fresh-water biology. 2d
ed. New York, NY: John Wiley and Sons. 1,248 p.

Wiggins, Glenn B. 1977. The larvae of the North American caddisfly genera
(Trichoptera). Toronto, ON: University of Toronto Press. 401 p.

GPO 592-955/80082 13

McLemore, Carl E.; Meehan, William R. 1988. Invertebrates of Meadow Creek,
Union County, Oregon, and their use as food by trout. Res. Pap. PNW-RP-394.
Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest
Research Station. 13 p.

From 1976 to 1980, invertebrates were collected three times each year from several
reaches of Meadow Creek in eastern Oregon. Five sampling methods were used:
benthos, drift, sticky traps, water traps, and fish stomachs. A total of 372 taxa were
identified, of which 239 were used as food by rainbow trout (steelhead; Salmo
gairdneri Richardson). Of the taxa found in trout stomachs, 71 (29.5 percent) were
terrestrial.

Keywords: Invertebrates, aquatic life, salmonids.

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