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OV THE

INSECTS OF INDIA,

CONTAINING

UPWARDS OF TWO HUNDRED AND TWENTY

FIGURES AND DESCRIPTIONS,

BY

Leo NOVEeN tes. & Wis

A NEW EDITION,

BROUGHT DOWN TO THE PRESENT STATE OF THE SCIENCE,

WITH SYSTEMATIC CHARACTERS OF EACH SPECIES, SYNONYMS, INDEXES, AND OTHER
ADDITIONAL MATTER,

BY J. O. WESTWOOD,

SECRETARY OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON, HON. MEM. OF THE LITERARY AND HISTORICAL
SOCIETY OF QUEBEC, AND OF THE NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETIES OF MOSCOW, LILLE, MAURITIUS, EC,

LONDON :
HENRY G. BOHN, 4 & 5, YORK STREET, COVENT GARDEN.

MDCCOXLII.

PREFACE.

Art the period when the first edition of this work was presented to the public, the study
of exotic insects, and indeed the science of Entomology itself, had made but little
progress in this country. The collections of Francillon, Drury, MacLeay, Sir J.
Banks, and Donovan, contained almost all that was then known of Indian Entomo-
logy, with which our Continental neighbours were then, as still, comparatively ignorant.
To these collections, examined by Fabricius himself, Donovan had free access, and his
figures of the insects therein contained, which had served as types for the descriptions

of the Entomologist of Kiel, are especially valuable.

The progress of Entomology, as a science, has so much advanced, as to render a
republication of this work advisable; at the same time, however, requiring that its
original Linnzan style should not be retained, but that it should be brought down to
the present state of science. This I have endeavoured to do, by rendering the specific
characters more detailed, the nomenclature more correct, the synonyms more nume-
rous, and the localities more precise. I have added many additional observations,
omitting nothing which appeared in the former at all likely to instruct or interest
the reader. Alphabetical and systematic indices of the work are introduced, as well as
numbers, both for the plates, and for the individual figures on each plate, which were
omitted in the former edition, which appeared in parts, commencing in the year 1800.

b

PREFACE.

It has unfortunately happened, from the careless indications of the older autho-
vities, that many insects inhabiting the West Indies have been given as natives of
East India; and hence it has happened that Donovan, having no means of ascertain-
ing the true locality of various species, introduced into the present work several West
Indian insects. With these exceptions, the present work is intended to illustrate
“the Entomological productions of a country for which we ought to cherish the
liveliest and deepest interest, as being connected intimately with the prosperity, the
dignity, and the honour of the British Empire; in a word, of British India”? em-
bracing also illustrations of those species which inhabit every other part of that vast

continent, as well as the islands situated in the Indian Seas.

In respect, therefore, both to the circumstance of this great territory being pecu-
harly confided to our care, and more especially to the remarkable character of its
natural productions, the investigation of its Entomological treasures becomes the

especial province of the English entomologist.

Thus, whilst our museums teem with undescribed insects from India, collected by
General Hardwicke, Colonel Sykes, Colonel Whithill, Captain Smee, Messrs. Saunders,
Royle, Downes, &c. &c., Dr. Perty, writing in 1831, observes in his ‘‘ Observationes
nonnull in Coleoptera Indiz Orientalis,”—‘ Preesertim tempore novissimo in Galliz
et Germanix museis, communicatione propinqua cum illa regione deficiente, Indize

orientalis Coleoptera rarius inveniuntur.”

In order to shew the peculiar character of Indian Entomology to its full extent, a

far greater space would be required than can here be possibly given to it. A few
remarks will not, however, be out of place.

From its peculiar situation, as the great intermediate southern peninsula of Asia,
it may be easily conceived, not only that India comprises various types of form peculiar
to itself, but that it also borrows portions of those found in the Arabian and Siamese

peninsule ; the former of which comprises, of course, a greater portion of forms

PREFACE. Vv

peculiar to eastern Africa, Asia minor, and even southern Turkey; whilst to the
latter is imparted a portion of the peculiarities of the Entomology of Borneo, and the
other great islands lying south of the Equator. The entomological peculiarities

of the Himalayan Mountains have been submitted to a minute analysis, by the Rev.

F. W. Hope.

In the order Coleoptera we accordingly find various genera and species, either
exclusively confined to India, or occurring therein and in the countries above indicated.
Thus the most splendid species of Cicindela, and the genera Therates, 'Tricondyla, and
Colliuris, in the family Cicindelide, do not occur beyond the limits of India and the
Indian Archipelago. The genera Catascopus, Orthogonius, many fine Panagzi, Wc.
amongst the Carabide ; the most splendid of all the Buprestide, and the beautiful
group of Elateride, typified by Elater aureolus, (some of the species of both of which
extend in their range to China,) occur in India. In the great group of Lamellicorn
Coleoptera, (Scarabzeus, Linn.) the species of Onthophagus are excessively numerous,
of large size and fine colours, whilst the giant Dynastide, (which are so abundant in
South America,) are here represented chiefly by the small group Chalcosoma, Hope,
(S. Atlas, &c.) and by D. Dichotomus and D. longimanus; the Cetoniz, Euchlore,
and Popilliz, on the other hand, are far more numerous and beautiful. The Lucani
are of much larger size, and far more numerous than in South America. The species
of Longicorn beetles are numerous, but the giant Prioni are of very rare occurrence
in India, as compared with South America, The splendid genera Sagra, Podontia,
and Phyllocharis, with many fine Eumorphi, and various Paussidx, are especially

natives of these regions.

In the Orthoptera, many curious Phasme, with the singular genus Phyllium, and
numerous splendid Grylli, Linn., including the remarkable Schizodactyla monstrosa,
may be mentioned. In the Hemiptera, the most splendid of all the species of Scutel-

lera, and of Cicada, with several curious Fulgore, and other Fulgorideous insects ;*

* M. Guérin has recently elucidated this group, in Bélanger’s “‘ Voyage aux Indes Orientales.”

al PREFACE.

and in the Lepidoptera, Priamus, and its allies, (the most magnificent of all the
butterflies, Ornithopterus,) and the delicate Idez, are especially to be noticed, as well

as several species of the curious Dipterous genus Diopsis.

We are still, however, far from having attained a perfect idea of the Entomo-
logical treasures of India, every new arrival making us acquainted with new and

beautiful species.

INDIA.

Order. COLEOPTERA. Linneus.

DYNASTES (CHALCOSOMA) ATLAS.
Plate I.
TRIBE. LameE.uicornes, Latreille.
Famity. Dywnastips, MacLeay.
Genus. Dynastes, MacLeay. Scavabeus, Latreille. Geotrupes, Fabricius. (SUBGENUS :
Chalcosoma, Hope.)

Species. Dynastes ATLas: cupreo-niger, thorace tricorni; anteriori brevissimo ; capitis
cornu longissimo adscendente, in medio dente armato. Long. Corp. 32 unc.,
(absque cornu capitis).
Dynastes : coppery black ; the thorax with three horns, the central one very
short ; the head with a long ascending horn. with a tooth in the middle. Length
of the body, without the horn of the head, 33 inches.

Syy. Scarabeus Atlas? Linn. Syst. Nat. vol. 1. pars 2, p. 542. Mus. Lud. Reg. 6. Fabri-
cius Syst. Hleuth. I. p 10, No. 29. Swammerdam’s Book of Nature, tab. 30, f. 3.
Margr. Brazil, 247, f. 1. Merian Ins. Surinam, in title page. Edwards's Birds,
tab. 105, f. 1.

This is one of the most extraordinary species of the great Scarabei of Linneus.
The specimen here figured was purchased by the late Mr. Tunstal, from the cabinet
of a Dutch governor in the Hast Indies, with other rare species figured in this work.
At the period of the first publication of this work it was considered unique, and was
regarded as an inhabitant of the island of Amboyna, in the Hast Indies. Linnzus,
Fabricius, Madame Merian, and Margrave, give South America as the locality of the
insect described in the works of the two former authors under the name of Scarabzeus

B

2

COLEOPTERA.

Atlas, whilst Swammerdam and Edwards, who are both referred to by Linnzus, give
Japan and Borneo as its habitat.

That the Hast Indies is the real locality of the insect here represented, is rendered
most probable, from the circumstance of several other, and very closely allied species,
being found in that part of the world. Such are the Scarabeus Caucasus, Fabr.
(described from an East Indian specimen in the British Museum, and regarded by
Olivier, and Jablonsky, as a variety of Atlas) ; Scarabeus Charon, Oliv. ; the Javanese
Scarabeeus Hector, Dejean ; Dynastes Hesperus, Hrichson, from the island of Luzon ;
and Dynastes Jephthah, of MacLeay, (in the collection of the Entomological Society).
It is true that the chief distinctions amongst these species are found in the size of the
horns of the head and thorax, and in the teeth, or serration of the hinder part of the
horn of the head; but it is equally true, that we are by no means furnished with
sufficiently accurate data for ascertaining the extent of variation in the cornuted
Scarabeei in this respect, and we are therefore by no means enabled to regard these as |
satisfactory species. Indeed, in the volume of the Naturalist’s Library devoted to
exotic Coleoptera, we have an original figure of an insect, with the name of Atlas
attached, in which the horn of the head has a double series of serratures from the base
to the apex, and which was brought from Rangoon; and in the Fabrician description
this horn is stated to be tridentate, the anterior tooth being the strongest.

As it is, however, most probable that some, at least, of the above mentioned
species are distinct, it is convenient to regard these insects as forming a distinct sub-
genus, characterized not only by the peculiar structure of the horns, and the polished
surface of the body, but by the variations in the structure of the mouth. Mr. Hope
has accordingly given to them the name of Chalcosoma, in his Coleopterous Manval,
recently published.

ONTHOPHAGUS SPINIFEX.
Plate II. fig. 1.

Faminy. ScaraBaips, MacLeay.
Guyus. OnrHopnacus, Latreille. Copris p. Fabricius. Scarabeus p. Linneus.
Species. OnTnopnacus Sprnirex : thorace rotundato inermi; occipite spina recurvA thoracis
‘ longitudine ; thorace et elytris nigris, viridi nitidis ; his striatis ; pedibus nigris,
Long. Corp. lin, 33.
OntHorHacus: witha rounded and unarmed thorax ; the forehead with a recurved
spine as long as the thorax ; the latter, as well as the elytra, black shaded with
green ; the elytra striated, and the legs black, Length 33 lines,

3

COLEOPTERA.

Syn. Scarabeus spinifex, Fabricius Ent, Syst. 1. p. 58. sp. 190. Herbst. Ooleopt. 11. p. 240.
No. 146. Doaovan edit. 1, in text. ,

Scarabeeus spinifer, Oliv. Lnt. 1. 3. 148. Vo. 180. ¢. 12. f 112. Donovan edit. 1. in
tab.

Fabricius describes this species as being of the same size as Onthophagus nuchi-
cornis, with the occipital horn as long as the thorax, and with the thorax and elytra
black tinged with green. The specimen described by Fabricius, was brought from
the Coast of Coromandel by Sir Joseph Banks. Donovan’s specimens were from
Bengal.

GYMNOPLEURUS MILIARIS.
Plate II. fig. 2.

Genus. Gymnopieurus, Jiliger. Ateuchus p. Fabricius.
Species. GYMNoPLEURUS Mittaris: clypeo 6-dentato ; thorace et elytris obscuris, maculis
elevatis atris nitidulis. Long. Corp. lin. 4.
GYMNOPLEURUS : with the clypeus 6-dentate; the thorax and elytra obscurely
coloured, with shining elevated black spots. Length of the body, one-third of
an inch.

Syn. Scarabeus miliaris, Oliv. Ins. 1. 3. 167. 206. t.18.f. 164. Fabricius Ent. Syst. 1.
p. 63. No. 209. Herbst. Col. II. p. 322. Mo. 206.
Ateuchus miliaris, Pabr. Syst. Eleuth. vol. 1. p. 56.

Hasirat. “ India,” (Fabricius).

This and the following species seem at first sight to resemble each other, but are
nevertheless distinct : they are both represented in the same plate, of the natural size
and magnified, in order that the exact difference between them may be the more
easily discriminated. The pale colour of the thorax and elytra is produced by
numerous minute incumbent hairs, of which the elevated tubercles are destitute.

GYMNOPLEURUS KGNIGII.
Plate II. fig. 3.

Species, GymNopLeuRUS Kanict1: clypeo bidentato; thorace et elytris pallidis, maculis
atris elevatis nitidulis, his variolosis. Long. Corp. lin. 4.
GymnopLeurus: with the clypeus bidentate ; the thorax and elytra pale, with
elevated shining black spots, the latter variolose, with some of the spots confluent.
Length of the body, 4 lines,
B 2

4:

COLEOPTERA.

Syn, Scarabeus Keenigii, Oliv. Ins. 1. 3. 163. 200. t. 9, £77. Fabricius Ent. Syst. 1, p. 65.
Herbst. Gol. 11. p. 300, No. 195, ¢. Wh Wa.
Scarabeeus scriptus, Pallas Icon. p. 7. A. ths UH; AC ae Ue

Fabricius gives Tranquebar as the locality of this species. I have seen it in some
collections named Gymnopleurus granulatus, which Fabricius, indeed, regarded as a

variety of Gymnopleurus Keenigii.

CETONIA HISTRIO.
Plate LI. fig. 4.

Famity. Crronrap#, MacLeay.
Genus. Cerronra, Fabricius. Scarabeus p. Linnaeus.

Sprcres, Ceronta Hisrrto : testacea ; thorace maculis duabus nigris ; elytris nigris, singulo
macula magna oblonga testacea, punctisque quatuor lateralibus albis. Long.
Corp. lin. 8.
Crronra : testaceous ; thorax with two black spots ; elytra black, each having a large
oblong testaceous spot, and four lateral small round white spots. Length 8 lines.
Syn. Cetonia histrio, Oliv. Hist. Ins. 1. 6. 45, tab. 10, f. 94. Fabricius Ent. Syst. 2. 152.
Cetonia versicolor, Oliv. Fabr.var.? Schonh. Syn. Ins. 1. 3, p. 131.

Hasitat. Egypt, (Fabricius). Egypt, and East Indies, (Schonherr). Bengal, (Mus. Hope).

GYMNETIS CAIRULEA.
Plate II. fig. 5.

Genus. Gymnetis, MacLeay. Cetonia p. Fabricius.

Species. GymNnetis Ca@Ruea : glaberrima, glauca, elytris chalybxis, punctato striatix, maculis
albis. Long. Corp. lin. 53.
GYMNETIS : very smooth, glaucous, with the elytra chalybeous, striato punctate, and
spotted with white. Length 54 lines,

Syn. Scarabzeus ceruleus, Herbst. in Fuessly Archiv Ins. 4, p. 19, No. 8, t. 19, f. 30. @mel.
Syst. Nat. 1582, No. 382. Oliv. Hnt. 1. 6, p. 47, t. 5, f. 31, a.
Cetonia 14-maculata, Pab. Syst. Hleuth. 2, p. 156.

Hasitar. India, (Olivier). Bengal, (Donovan).

| The original specimen of Cetonia 14-maculata, described by Fabricius, is now
in the collection of the Rev. T. W. Hope, an examination of which has convinced

5

COLEOPTERA.

me that it is identical with the insect here represented. There are two oblique white
spots at the base of the suture of the elytra, which gives the insect the appearance of
possessing a distinct scutellum. Olivier, however, correctly described the thorax as
being posteriorly lobed, which is the true character of the genus Gymnetis.

BUPRESTIS (STERNOCERA) STERNICORNIS.
Plate IIT. fig. 1.

TrisE. Srernoxt, Latreille.
Famity. Buprestipx, Leach.
Genus. Buprestis, Linneus. (SUBGENUS: Sternocera, Eschscholtz, Solier.)

Species. BupreEstTis STERNICORNIS: inauratus, punctis cinereis impressis ; elytris serrato-
tridentatis ; sterno porrecto conico. Long. Corp. 14 une.
Buprestis : shining green, with grey impressed spots ; elytra serrated, and tridentate
at the tips ; sternum porrected and conical. Length of the body 14 inch.

Syn. Buprestis sternicornis, Zinn. Syst. Nat. I. II: p. 610. Fabricius Ent. Syst. 1. I.
p. 194. Oliv. Ent. II. 32. p. 35. t. 6. f. 52 a. Herbst. Col. 1X. p. 16. 24.
38a jo:

Among the insects of China is a beautiful species of the genus Buprestis, which
the natives of that country collect in considerable numbers, and employ in the various
ornaments of their dresses, arms, &c. The Buprestis sternicornis, and chrysis, are
collected in India for similar purposes, but being scarce, are esteemed more valuable
than the other kind, which they receive at a low price from China.

Both species are brought from Madras and Bombay, but generally in a mutilated
state ; for the Indians perforate them at both ends, and string them like beads, when

they collect them.

BUPRESTIS (STERNOCERA) CHRYSIS.
Plate III. fig. 2.

Species. Buprrestis Curysis: thorace viridi; elytris serrato-tridentatis, castaneis leevibus ;
sterno conico porrecto. Long. Corp, une. 1}.

Buprestis : with the thorax shining green; the elytra chestnut-coloured, smooth,

and terminated by three teeth ; sternum conical and porrected. Length 14 inch,

6

COLEOPTERA.

Syx. Buprestis chrysis, Fabricius Ent. Syst. 1. 11. p. 194. Oliv. Ent. II. 32, t. 2, f 8,

a, d,e. Herbst. Col. 1X. p. 14, 1 4. 138, f 2.
Buprestis sternicornis, De Geer Ins, IV. p. 136. 2, ¢. 17, f. 25.

This and the preceding species are alike distinguished by the comparatively small
size of the male sex, in which the fifth ventral segment is truncated at its extremity,

whereas in the females it is rounded.

BUPRESTIS (SPHENOPTERA ?) CONFUSA.
Plate IIT. fig. 3.

Species. Buprustis Conrusa: corpore eneo immaculato, obscure nitido ; elytris striatis et

tridentatis. Long. Corp. lin. 6.
Burrustis: brassy coloured, without spots, obscurely shining, with the elytra

striated and tridentate at the tips. Length 3 inch.

Syn. Buprestis confusa, Westwood.
Buprestis wnea, Fabricius Ent. Syst.1,11.p. 193. (nec anea, Linnai.) Syst.
Eleuth. 2. p.193. Donov. 1st edit.
Buprestis tricuspidata, Oliv. Ent. 11. 32, p. 29. ¢. 8. f. 87. Herbst. Col. IX.
p. 181.4. 154. f. 1.4, bP

The original specimen described by Fabricius, was brought from Coromandel by
Sir J. Banks. The name applied to it by the former having been previously given by
Linneeus to another species, from the south of Europe, (Buprestis, Diceraea, eenea,) it
has become necessary to substitute another in its stead, as it is evident that it is not
identical with the Buprestis tricyuspidata of Olivier, which, according to Schonherr, is
from Sierra Leone,

BUPRESTIS (ANTHAXIA) 4-MACULATA.
Plate IIT. fig. 4.

Specres. Buprestis 4-Macutata: elytris integris, viridis ; thorace posticé late elytrisque
maculis duabus magnis aureis. Long. Corp, lin. 43.
Buprestis: with the elytra entire; green ; hinder part of the thorax with a broad
golden band ; elytra with two large golden spots on each Length 4% lines.

7

COLEOPTERA.

Syn. Buprestis 4-maculata, Fabr. Sp. Ins. I. p. 280. Syst. Eleuth. 2. p. 208. Olivier Ent.
Il. p. 32. 410.4110. Herbst. Col. IX. t. 153, f 4.

This admirably beautiful species is described by Fabricius as an inhabitant of
India, on the authority of the cabinet of the late Dr. Fothergill. It bears very great
resemblance to several brilliant species found in South America and the West Indies,
composing the subgenus Actenodes of Dejean. Schonherr, most probably by mis-
take, has given Italy as the locality of this species.

ANTHIA 6-GUTTATA.
Plate IV. fig. 1.

Tripe. GrEopePHAGA, MacLeay.
Famity. CaraBID&
Genus. Antuta, Weber.

Species. Antara 6-GuTTaTa: atra; elytris levibus; thorace maculis duabus coleoptrisque
quatuor albo tomentosis. Long. Corp. 17—21 lin.
Ayrtuta: black, with smooth elytra; thorax with two, and elytra with four white
downy spots. Length of the body 17 to 21 lines.

Syn. Carabus sex-guttatus, Thunberg nov. Sp. 3. 70. fig. 84. Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1965.
Fabr. Ent. Syst. 1. 141.75. Syst. Eleuth. 1. p. 221. (Anthia 6-guttata.)
Carabus sex-maculatus, Donov. edit. 1. (nec Fabr. Ent. Syst. 1. 141. 78.) Syst.
Eleuth. 1. 222.

This conspicuous insect is one of the largest species of the Linnean genus
Carabus. It is very abundant in some parts of India. Donovan, although referring
to the original description of A. sex-guttata, published this under the name of
Carabus 6-maculatus, which name had been given by Fabricius to a different species
of the same genus.

BRACHINUS BIMACULATUS.
Plate IV. fig. 2.

Gexus. Bracuinus, Weber. Carabus p. Linneus, Habricius.

Species, Bracuinus Brtacutatus: capite flavescente; vertice obscuro ; thorace obscuro,
maculis duabus flavescentibus ; elytris nigris, puncto humerali, fascia lata media
sinuata abbreviata, apice, antennis pedibusque flavescentibus. Long. Corp.

lin, 7—8.

8

COLEOPTERA.

Bracuinus: with the head yellow; the crown dark coloured ; the thorax dark,
with two large yellow spots; the elytra black, with a humeral spot; a broad
central fascia, interrupted in the middle, and the tips, as well as the antenne
and legs, yellowish. Length 7 to 8 lines.

Syy. Brachinus bimaculatus, Dej. Spec. gen. 1. p. 299. Oliv. III. 35. p. 65. No. Ml, &
Sig. % b,c. Schonherr Syn. Ins. 1. p. 229. No.1. (G. Pheropsophus, Soldier.)

I have not cited Fabricius, nor the other old authorities, as it is evident from
their descriptions that they confound several distinct, but nearly allied, species
together. Donovan’s figure agrees, however, with Dejean’s Brachinus bimaculatus,
which is from the Hast Indies.

PLATYRHOPALUS DENTICORNIS.
Plate V. fig. 1.

TRIBE. XYLOPHAGA?

Famity. Paussipa#, Westwood.

Geyus. Praryruopanus, Westwood. Paussus p. Donovan.

Species. Pratyruopatus Denticornis: brunneo-rufescens ; elytris dorso fuscis; sutura
laté ad basin maculaque utrinque posticd, rufescentibus; antennarum clava
magna latere omni acuto, juxta basin externe incisi. Long. Corp. lin. 4—5.

PLaTyRHOPALUS : browuish-red, with the middle of the elytra brown; a broad

mark at the base of the suture, and two spots near the extremity red; the club
of the antenne large, ovate, margin acute, with a deep notch near the base
behind. Length 4 to 5 lines.

Syy. Platyrhopalus denticornis, Westwood in Trans. Linn. Soc. vol, XVI. p. 657.

Paussus denticornis, Donovan, 1st edit.

Hasirtar. Bengal.

The first account of the genus Paussus appears in a small tract written by
Linneus, and published at Upsal, in the year 1775,

under the title of Bige
Insectorum, &e.

This paper contains likewise a description of the Diopsis genus,
which, together with the Paussus, are unquestionably two of the most singular
genera of the many tribes of insects hitherto discovered. Both may possibly derive
some additional celebrity also, from the recollection that the dissertation in which
they are inserted, concluded the Entomological labours of that distinguished
naturalist: it was the last he ever published in the department of zoology. :

s)

COLEOPTERA.

In the dissertation alluded to,
species, P, microcephalus,
both of which, drawn by
descriptions,
Fuessly is inde

the genus Paussus is exemplified by a single
and Diopsis by D. ichneumonea, a plate with figures of
J. Afzelius, and engraved by Berquist, accompany the
It is to this plate, and the original descriptions of Linnzus, that
bted solely for the account he gives of both these genera, in his Archiv.
der Insectengeschichte, printed at Zurich in 1783, as well as in the French translation
of that work which afterwards appeared in Paris. Indeed, as Professor Afzelius has
Suggested, from the repeated errors that appear in those works, in translating the
Linnzean observations, defining the character of the genus Paussus, &c., it is very
hikely that neither Fuessly, nor his translators, Herbst, Gmelin, and some other
writers who have treated on it, ever saw an insect either of this genus, or of Diopsis.

Thunberg, during his travels through the country of the Hottentots in 1772,
found two coleopterous insects, which he conceived, with much propriety, ought to
be referred to a new genus, none of those established previous to his departure from
Europe by Linnzus being calculated to admit them. But on his return to Sweden,
he found that Linnzeus in his absence had described the genus Paussus, to which
they might be referred. An account of these was afterwards inserted in the Tran-
sactions of the Royal Academy of Stockholm for 1781: this paper is accompanied
with a figure of only one of the insects mentioned, P. lineatus, a species very aptly
named, from the distinct longitudinal streak on each of the wing cases; the other
insect described by Thunberg, he calls ruber. Fabricius consigned these, with the
Linnzan insect, to his genus Cerocoma. .

The latest history of the genus Paussus, previous to the first edition of this work,
was from the pen of Professor Afzelius, a learned, copious, and elaborate paper, in-
serted in the fourth volume of the Transactions of the Linnean Society, in which he
describes Paussus microcephalus, and another species which he found in Africa, which
he names P. spherocerus. Neither of those insects are allied to the species figured
in this plate, which were entirely undescribed. For this important accession of new
species to a group so little known, Donovan was indebted to the active and praise-
worthy zeal of Mr. Fichtel, in compliment to whom one of them is named Fichtelii.

Since the publication of the first edition of this work, various additional species
have been discovered, constituting a very natural family, distributed into several dis-
tinct genera, of which I have published a monograph in the sixteenth volume of the
Linnzan Transactions. I have also more recently become acquainted with several
other species, of which figures and descriptions have been laid before the Entomolo-
gical Society of London.

10

COLEOPTERA.

Donovan, in order to admit this species into the genus Paussus, was induced to
adopt the Linnean generic character, with the omission of the oi “ clava solida,”’
although, according to the characters laid down by Afzelius, 16 ought not to be
admitted into the genus, since he states that the tarsi are only three-jointed, whereas
in the other species they are five-jointed. They are however four jointed, but in con-
sequence of the more important variation in the structure of the mouth, which
Donovan neglected to examine, I considered it requisite to establish this species as a
distinct genus.

PAUSSUS THORACICUS.
Plate V. fig. 2.

Genus. Paussus, Linneus. Pausus, Donovan.

Species. Pavssus Tuoracicus: ferrugineo-testaceus ; elytris disco lateribusque fuscis :
antennarum clava oblong compress’ trigond; latere interno acuto, externo
excavato ; cavitate ovali marginibus denticulatis. Long. Corp. lin. 34.

Paussus : pale reddish ; the elytra having the disc and sides brown ; the club of the
antenne oblong, compressed, and triangular ; the inner margin acute, the ex-
terior excavated, with an oval cavity, the margins being denticulated. Length
3k lines.

Syn. Paussus thoracicus, Westwood in Trans. Linn. Soc. vol. XVI. p. 640, pl. 33, f. 23—30.
Pausus thoracicus, Donovan Ins. Ind. 1st edit.

Paussus trigonicornis, Lair. Gen. Or. dc. 3. p. 3, pl. 11, f. 8. Sch. Syn. Ins. 1. p. 3,
pl. 9.

Hasitat. Bengal.

The thorax in this insect is so deeply divided across the middle, that it appears,
at first sight, as if it were really two, whence the specific name thoracicus. The same
character also exists in P. Fichtelu, which Donovan considered might possibly be the
other sex of P. thoracicus ; the most striking difference prevailing in the structure of
the antennz, the excavation in one of which is of an oval, or rather shuttle shape,
and in the other pyriform. In my monograph I have pointed out other characters
which have induced me to consider the two species as entirely distinct.

el

COLEOPTERA.

PAUSSUS FICHTELII.
Plate V. fig. 3.

Species. Paussus Ficurenir: testaceus ; elytris fuscis, lateribus basi apiceque testaceis ;
thorace subbipartito ; antennarum clava oblonga, latere interno acuto, externo
excavato, cavitate pyriformi, marginibus denticulatis, Long. Corp. lin. 24.

Paussus: pale reddish, with brown elytra, having the sides, base and tips reddish ;
thorax nearly divided into two parts; club of the antenne oblong, with the
inner margin acute, the external excavated with a pear-shaped cavity, the mar-
gins being denticulated. Length 23 lines.

Syy. Paussus Fichtelii, Westwood in Trans. Linn. Soc. vol. XVI. p. 641, pl. 33, f.

31— 33.
Pausus Fichtelii, Donovan Ins. Ind. 1st edit.
Hasirat. Bengal.

There is a specimen of this species in the collection of the Entomological Society
of London, presented by the Rey. W. Kirby.

PAUSSUS PILICORNIS.
Plate V. fig. 4.

Species. Pavssus Pruicornis: testaceus; elytris piceis: thorace bipartito; antennarum
clava oblonga, apice attenuata incurv, pilis longis sparsis. Long. Corp. lin. 2.

Paussus: reddish, with pitchy elytra; the thorax nearly divided into two parts ;
club of the antennz oblong, attenuated, and incurved at the tip, with long
hairs. Length 2 lines

Syn. Paussus pilicornis, Westwood in Trans. Linn. Soc. vol. XVI. p. 643.
Pausus pilicornis, Donovan Ins. Ind. 1st edit.

Hasirat. Bengal.

In the formation of the club composing the second or exterior joint of the antenn»,
this species differs altogether from the others : the club is entire or not excavated,
and is slightly beset with hairs. Of this species Mr. Fichtel met with only a solitary
specimen, as was likewise the case with Paussus Fichteli.

12

COLEOPTERA.

PREPODES REGALIS.
Plate VI. fig. 1.

Trise. Ruyncopnora, Latreille.

Famity. Curcunionip#, Leach.

Drviston. BracuyDERIDES, Schonherr.

Genus. Prevoves, Schonherr, Circulio, Linn. ce.

Species. Prepopes Recaxis: oblongo ellipticus, niger, squamulis cceruleo-virentibus
tectus, rostro subcarinato ; thorace supra impresso vitta media lateribusque
cupreo-aureis ; elytris subtilius remote punctato-striatis, plaga baseos, fas-
ciisque tribus flexuosis cupreo-aureis nigro-marginatis ornatis. Long. Corp.
lin, 8.

Prepopss : oblong-elliptical, black, clothed with greenish-blue scales ; the thorax
with a central streak, and the sides golden coppery ; the elytra with a basal
spot and three waved bands, coppery golden coloured, margined with black.
Length 8 lines.

Syn. Curculio regalis, Linn. Syst. Nat. I. Il. p. 616. Fabr. Syst. Hleuth. 2. 508.
Oliv. Ent. V. 83, t. 1. f. 8, a, 6.
Prepodes (Callizonus, Olim.) regalis, Sch. Sp. Curcul. 2. p. 21.

Donovan well observed that this species truly deserves the title regalis, being an
ageregate of beauty and splendour: of the loveliest ccerulean, changing alternately
to the deeper glow of the violet, to green, or the transitory sparkling of intermingled
silver. Every space of blue is constantly contrasted with another of crimson, and
which, as the violet changes to blue or green, alters its aspect to a still more vivid
expanse of gold. Hach of those colours, the blue and red, are distinct; for an
irregular space of black limits every spot and marking, and relieves the whole. As
the effect of such a combination of colours in this comparatively small species is in-
conceivably splendid, and almost inimitable, one figure in the plate is intended to
show the natural size, and to admit of more perfect delineation, another somewhat
magnified is added also.

This insect, which Donovan believed to be wnique in Great Britain, was brought
from France, in the collection of Mons. De Calone, and was in the possession of the
author. Linnzeus met with it in one of the cabinets on the continent, and described
it as a South American insect. In the works of Fabricius, its habitat is given “in
Indiis.” On this authority Donovan introduced it amongst the insects of Hast India,
but it was the practice of Fabricius, and the older authors, to employ the term “in
Indiis,” to designate the West as well as the East Indies. The real locality of this
species is South America, Peru, and the island of Saint Domingo.

13

COLEOPTERA.

CALANDRA PALMARUM.
Plate VI. fig. 2.
Division. RuyYNCOPHORIDES, Schunherr.
Genus. Caranpra, Fabricius. Rhyncophorus, Herbst. Curculio p. Linn.

Species. CALANDRA PALMARUM: depressa, atra, obscura; thorace supra plano ; elytris
abbreviatis striatis ; rostro apice compresso, supra piloso. Long. Corp. 12 une.

Catanpra: depressed, black, not shining; thorax flat above ; elytra abbreviated

and striated ; rostrum compressed at the tip, and hairy above. Length 12 inch.

Syy. Curculio palmarum, Linn. Syst. Nat. 1.11. ». 606. 1. Fabricius Syst. Eleuth. 2. 430.
De Geer Ins. 5. t- 15. f. 26.

Donovan observes, upon this insect,—‘‘ A very abundant species in India, where
it is found chiefly on the palm tree.” The real locality of this species is South
America. De Geer and Madame Merian giving Surinam; Dejean, Cayenne; and
Latreille, South America, Cayenne, and Surinam. The mistake appears to have
originated, either by confusing several allied species together, or by giving the West
Indies under the name of India generally, as noticed under the last species.

Order. HEMIPTERA, Linneus.

FULGORA PYRORHINA.
Plate VII. fig. 1.

SusorpEer. Homoptera, Latreille.

Famity. Fuicorips, Leach.

Genus. Fucora, LZ inneus.

Spectes. Funcora Pyroruina: “fronte rostrata adscendente, apice rubra; hemelytris
fuscis fascia pallidiori ; alis nigris, basi viridibus.” Donovan. Expans. alar. une. 4.

Fuucora : with the trunk rostrated, ascending ; red at the tip ; wing-cases brown,

pale across the middle ; wings black, green at the base. Expanse of the wings
4 inches.

Syy. Fulgora pyrorhina, Westwood Mon. Fulgorained.

Fulgora pyrorhynchus, Donovan, 1st edit.

«* Amongst the more valuable acquisitions, designed to enrich this illustration,
few can afford higher gratification to the scientific reader than this Fulgora. In size
it is inferior only to F. lanternaria; it is an undoubted nondescript, and may be con-

14

HEMIPTERA.

sidered as a striking example of the entomological riches of a country hitherto
scarcely known, the interior of Indostan. It was originally brought from India by
the inte Governor Holford, and is now in the possession of the author. He has
sought in vain for this species in other cabinets of exotic insects, and ventures to
deem his specimen unique.”

Donovan, adopting the opinion of the luminosity of the Fulgore, then proceeds :
__ Tn the course of our remarks on the Fulgora so abundant in China, F. candelaria,
our attention was naturally directed to the astonishing property some insects of this
genus are known to possess, that of emanating light; and it was to this insect we
alluded in particular, when speaking of one from interior India, that enabled us to
extend our observations on that property. The trunk is large, of a dark purple,
thickly sprinkled with spots of white phosphoric powder, and the apex, which is
scarlet, and somewhat pellucid, still retains a reddish glow, that almost convinces us
the creature when living could diffuse light both from the apex and the spots. In
admitting this conjecture, without wandering into the marvellous, its nocturnal
appearance must be infinitely more singular than either of the known species of
Fulgore, Lampyrides, or any other luminous insect yet discovered, for, when on the
wing, the illuminated apex would resemble a globule of fire, or heated iron, and the
numberless phosphoric spots on the tube form a train of glittering stars to accom-
pany it.*

“The only figure of a Fulgora in any respect resembling this species is given in
the works of Stoll, under the title of De Groote Groene Coromandelische Lantaarn-
drager ;+ but among other evident specific distinctions we need only notice the
structure of the trunk, which is altogether different, bemg much recurved, and
tapering gradually from the base to an acute point at the apex: its colour is also an
olive black.”’

* « As it may be thought improbable that any insect can exhibit such an extraordinary appearance, the
words of Olivier on some species of Lampyrides may not be unsatisfactory. The insects are certainly very
distinct, but reports of travellers countenance an opinion that the phosphoric emanations are analogous in
the species of both genera, ‘The phenomena produced by a natural phosphorus is still more wonderful in
some foreign species, in which the males shine, and being provided with wings, will produce in their rapid
flight a thousand small stars.—Olivier, Histoire des Insectes.”

+ “Pl. 26, fig. 143. Green lantern-carrier fly of Coromandel.—At the conclusion of the description, Stoll
says, ‘In de Nederlandsche Kabinetten, dc. dc.’—‘ This insect was not known in the cabinets of the low
countries till within three years, [anno 1780,] during which time a few were brought from Tranquebar, on
the Coromandel coast, to the cabinet of natural curiosities of his Highness the Stadtholder of the United

Provinces, of which I have been obligingly permitted to take the figure of a female by Mons. Vosmar, to
whom I owe my public acknowledgments for it.,—99 tab. 26.”

15

HEMIPTERA.

APHANA? FESTIVA.
Plate VII. fig. 2.

Genus. ApHana? Burmeister. Aphena, Guerin.

Species. ApHana? Festiva: fronte conica ; hemelytris fuscis margine antice virescente
punctis 5 atris, quatuor postici inter puncto fulvo ; alis sanguineis apice fuscis.
Long. (alis clausis) une.

ApuHana? with the trunk short, conical ; wing-cases brown, with the front margin
greenish, in which are five black spots, the four exterior ones having a fulvous
dot ; wings sanguineous, with the tips brown. Length with the wings closed 4 of
an inch.

Syy. Fulgora festiva, Fabricius, Ent. Syst. 4. p. 5. Syst. Rhyng, p. 4.

Hasirat, “Coromandel, Mus. Dom. Banks,” Fabricius.

In addition to the Banksian specimens, still preserved at the Linnzan Society,
there is a specimen of this curious species in the collection of the Entomlogical
Society of London, from the Kirbian cabinet. The antenne being mutilated, I am
unable to decide whether it be strictly an Aphana, to which genus, however, it is most
nearly allied.

PSEUDAPHANA HYALINATA.
Plate VIL. fig. 3.

Genus. PsrupaPHaNna, Burmeister. Dictyophora, Germar. Fulgora p. Fabr.

Species. PsEuDAPHANA Hya.inatTa: fronte conica ineequale ; hemelytris hyalinis nervis albo
nigroque punctatis striaque transversa in medio atra; alis hyalinis, macula
apicis atra. Long. alis cl. une. 1. :

PsEUDAPHANA : with the trunk short, conical, uneven above ; wing-covers hyaline,
with the veins spotted alternately with black and white, and with a transverse
black central band ; wings hyaline with a black apical spot. Length with the
wings shut, 1 inch.

Syn. Fulgora hyalinata, Fabr. Ent. Syst. 4. p. 5. Syst. Rhyng. p. 4.

Pseudalphana h., Burmeister Handb. der Ent. 2. p. 160. Germar in Thon’s
Arch, 2. p. 47.

Fabricius refers to the collection of Sir Joseph Banks, Bart. for this and the pre-
ceding species. The annexed figures are copied from the specimens that author has
described.—F. Hyalinata is from Bengal.

16

HEMIPTERA.

FULGORA LINEATA.
Plate VIII. fig. 1.

Species. Fuxtcora Lryeata : fronte rostrata lineari adscendente ; hemelytris pallidis, lineis
duabus fuscis. Long. alis clausis. une. }

Funcora : with the trunk linear ascending ; hemelytra pale, with two brown longi-
tudinal lines. Length with the wings closed, $ an inch.

“A pretty little undescribed species, found in Bengal, where it is not very
uncommon.” —Donovan.

An apparent variety of this species is figured in (riffith’s Animal Kingdom,—
Insects, pl. 90, fig. 2, from India, under the name of Fulgora pallida, a name which,
at all events, must be rejected, having been previously given to the following species.

PSEUDAPHANA PALLIDA.
Plate VIII. fig. 2.

Species. PseuvpapHana Pauima: “fronte rostrata lineari, adscendente ; thorace pallide
viridi, rubro lineato ; hemelytris hyalinis.”—Donovan. Long. alis clausis,
3 une.
PseuDAPHANA : with the trunk linear, ascending ; thorax pale green with red linea-
tions ; wing-cases hyaline. Length with the wings closed, } an inch.
Syn. Fulgora pallida, Donovan, 1st edit.
Hasirar.

“From the same place as the preceding insect.” — Donovan.

The small species of Pseudaphana, which is well distinguished from Fulgora by
the less closely reticulated wings, are somewhat numerous. Three species have been
described as inhabitants of the Hast Indies, namely, Fulgora grammea, Fabricius (Syst.
Rhyng. p. 4 India Orientali.”) ; Flata lyrata, Germar, (Thon’s Ent. Archiv. 2. ‘p. AG;

y

“ Bengalia.”); and Flata splendens, Germar (Uhon’s Ent. Archiv. 2. pias saeae:
It is not improbable that Donovan’s Species may be identical with one of these,
possibly the F. lyrata, which is also from Bengal; but from the too concise descrip-
tion of Donovan, which I have copied entire above, it is not possible to speak with
absolute precision.

ily,

HEMIPTERA,

CICADA SPECIOSA.

Plate VIII. fig. 3.

Famity. Crcapips, Leach.
Genus, Crcapa, Linneus. Tettigonia, Pubricius.
Srecies. Crcapa Speciosa: nigra ; thorace fascia lata flava ; abdomine postice fascia aurantia ;
hemelytris fusco-olivaceis venis rubris ; alis margine albo. Expans. alar. unc. 63.
Cicapa : black ; thorax with a broad yellow fascia ; abdomen with the fifth, sixth
and seventh segments fulvous above ; hemelytra brown-olive with red veins ;
wings with the margin white. Expanse of the wings, 64 inches.

Syy. Tettigonia speciosa, Illiger in Wied. Archiv. fur. Zool. and Zoot. 2. 145. 38. tab. 2.
(1800). Fabr. Syst. Rhyng, p. 33.
Cicada Indica, Donovan, 1st edit.

“This is unquestionably one of the most striking and magnificent species of
Cicada we are acquainted with. A single specimen of this kind was discovered in
Bengal by Mr. Fichtel about four years ago. It is now deposited in the Imperial
cabinet at Vienna.” (Donovan.)

The species was also contained in the collection of Hellwig, from which it was
described and figured by Illiger, in the work above referred to, in the year 1800, for
which reason I have retained the latter name as having the priority.

Order. ORTHOPTERA, Olivier. (HEMIPTERA p. Linnews.)

PHASMA (CYPHOCRANA) GIGAS.
Plate IX.

Section. Cursoria, Latreille.

Famity. Puaasmipa, Kirby.

Genus. Puasma, Fabricius.

Suscenus. Cyphrocana, Serville. Mantis, Linn. Fabr. Phasma, Stoll. Fabr.

D

18

ORTHOPTERA.

Species. Puasma (CypnHocrana) Gicas: viridis; mesothorace scabro ;_ tegminibus
ovalibus ; alis (area costali viridi,) obscuré fulvis fusco undatis ; pedibus spi-
nosis, flavoridibus. Long. Corp. unc. 7. Expans. alar. une 7.

Puasma (CypHocrana): green; mesothorax scabrous ; wing-covers small oval ;
wings, (with the costal area green,) dirty fulvous with brown waves ; legs
spinose, yellowish-green. Length 7 inches. Expanse of the wings 7 inches.

Syy. Mantis Gigas, Zinn Syst. Nat. 2. 689. Fab. Ent. Syst. vol. 2. p. 14. Hnt. Syst.

Suppl. p. 187. Shaw. Miscell. pl. 43. Donovan, 1st edit. (nec Phasma

(Diapherodes) Gigas, Drury, 2. pl. 50.)

Cyphocrana Gigas, Serville Ann. Se. Nat. XXII. p. 60. Gray Synops. Phasm.

p. 35. Le Geant. Stoll Spectres. pl. 2, fig. 5.

Donovan observed of this insect, that it was the largest species of this very extra-
ordinary genus known, and that this specimen was from the island of Amboyna,
where it was rare. It is, however, exceeded in size by the Phasma (Diura) Titan of
MacLeay, figured by Gray, in his beautiful Memoir of the Phasmide of New Holland,

plate 4.

PHASMA (PLATYCRANA) EDULEg.
Plate X.

Supcenus. Pratycrana, Gray. CypHocrana, Serville.
Species. Puasma (PLarycrana) EDULE: viridis ; mesothorace tereti ; ¢ scabro, ? glabro ;
tegminibus area costali viridi, basi coccineis ; pedibus brevibus, submuticis ;
femoribus posticis spinosis. ong. Corp. 9 unc. 6. Expans. alar. une. 42.
Puasma (PLATYCRANA): green ; with the mesothorax slender; scabrous in the
male, smooth in the female ; wing-covers with the costal area green, pink at
the base ; legs short, almost smooth ; posterior femora spined. Length of the
body 96 inches. Expanse of the wings 44 inches.
Syy. Phasma edule, Licht. in Linn. Trans. tom. 6. p. 13.
Mantis viridis, Donovan, 1st edit.
Le Spectre verd, Stoll, pl. 6, fig. 209, 212.
Mantis viridana, Oliv. Ene. Meth. 7. 636. Serville Revis. Orthopt. p. 33. (Ann.
Se. Nat. 20. p. 60.) Gray Synops. Phasm. p. 36. (Platyerana v.)

Donovan states that he received this species also from Amboyna, where it is,
perhaps, more scarce than the preceding insect.

ity)

ORTHOPTER A.

PHYLLIUM SICCIFOLIUM.
Plate XI. fig. 1. (Pupa, fig. 2.)
Genus. Puyturum, Zlliger, Latr. Mantis, Fabr. Donovan. Pteropus, Thunberg.
Species. Puyiurum Stccironium: viride ; capite, thorace, pedibusque luteo-viridibus ;

femoribus ovatis membranaceis ; tibiis quatuor posticis inermibus ; thorace den-
ticulato. Long. Corp. 34 une.

Puytiium: green; with the head, thorax, and legs tinged with luteous ; the
femora ovate, membranaceous; the four posterior tibie not dilated ; thorax
toothed at the sides. Length of the body, 34 inches.

Syx. Mantis siccifolia, Zinn. Mus. Lud. Reg. 111. Syst. Nat. 2. p. 689. Fabr. Ent. Syst.
2. p. 18. Donovan, 1st edition.

La Feuille de citron, Stoll. Spec. pl. 7, $,9, larva et pupa (antennis 9 et pupe ?
vitiosis )

Phasma citrifolium, Lichtenstein Trans. Soc. Linn. t. 6, p. 17

Phyllium (1) brevicorne, Latr. Gen. 3, p. 39,9. (Phyllium, secé. 11, ibid.)

Phyllium siccifolium, Lat. R, An. (2d edit.) 5.179. (Edit. Crochard) Ins. Livr. I.
pl. 79, fig. 1. (with details, fig. 16, pupa maris nec imago 3). Serville Revis.
Orthopt. p. 36. (Ann. Sc. Nat, 22. 63.) Gray Synopsis Phasm. p. 30.

““An erroneous opinion has prevailed pretty generally among naturalists
respecting the colour of this insect, which when living they conceived to be similar
to that of a dried or withered leaf. This, it may be observed, is commonly the
appearance of the insect after death : such was no doubt the colour of the specimens
delineated by Roesel; nor can we for a moment hesitate in believing that the insects
described by the accurate Linnzeus and Dr. Shaw exhibited the like appearance.
The specimen of the winged insect in our cabinet, has been preserved, however, with
more than usual care. Immediately after the death of the creature, as we have
reason to suspect, the abdomen had been opened, and so nicely excavated that no
portion of the entrails, or oily fluids, which would have inevitably destroyed the
true colour, was allowed to remain. The natural colour is therefore preserved,
which is not of a pale brown, as is commonly imagined, but of a delicate, lovely
green; a colour dependant, it appears, upon a thin internal coating immechately
beneath the outer skin, the latter of which is perfectly transparent, and destitute of
any colour.

‘The pupa of this curious species is represented, together with the perfect insect,
on the Vinca rosea.

«There is also a much smaller pupa depicted in the upper part of the plate, that
was discovered in one of the islands of the Indian seas, and belonged to the cele:
brated Mr. Bailey, the astronomer who sailed in one of the expeditions with Captain

D2

20

ORTHOPTERA.

Cook. This is of an analogous kind to that of the Mantis siccifolia, though evidently
distinct. The perfect insect, and in consequence the species, is unknown to us.
Our only motive for inserting it is to shew the peculiar singularity of the abdomen,
in the middle of which there are two remarkable subquadrangular spots of a
filmy texture, that are transparent, and may be seen through very distinctly.”’—
Donovan.

Mr. G. R. Gray, in his Synopsis of the Phasmide, has characterized the last named
insect as a distinct species, with the description :—

P. Donnovani (Pupa) : viride, abdomine medio maculis duabus hyalinis subquadratis. Long.
Corp. 1—5. Exp. Corp. 63.

The chief character of this supposed insect is, I believe, indicative only of the
males, notwithstanding the shortness of the antennz in the accompanying figure,
which it is not improbable are fictitious, the antennz of the male pupz being much
longer, and more numerously articulated, than in the females. If this supposition
should be ascertained to be correct, I have little doubt that the figure in question
represents merely the male pupa of Ph. siccifolium, and not of a distinct insect. In
the Crochard edition of the Regne Animal, a figure is given of the male pupa, which
is described as the perfect state of that sex; but unfortunately only the three basal
segments of the abdomen are represented, the fourth, which bears the ocelli, and the
remaining segments being omitted.

LOCUSTA (MONACHIDIA) RETICULATA.
Plate XII. fig. 1.
Section. Sartratoria, Latreille.
Famity. Locustipa, Leach.
Genus. Locusta.
Supcenus. Mowacurpra. (Monachidium, Serville.)
Spectres. Locusta (Monacuipra) Reticunata: ferruginea ; thorace crista trifida carinata,
postice producta cymbiformi, carina lineaque laterali nigris ; tegminibus nigris
flavo reticulatis. Long. (alis clausis) unc. 24.

Locusta (Monacuipia) : ferrugineous; thorax with a three-cleft, keeled, boat-
shaped crest produced over the elytra, the ridge and a lateral line of black ;
tegmina black, reticulated with yellow. Length with the wings shut, 2% inches.

Syy. Gryllus reticulatus, Yabr. Hnt. Syst. 11. p. 47. Donov. 1st edit.

Fabricius describes this insect from the Banksian collection, and as an inhabitant
of Tranquebar.

21

ORTHOPTERA.

LOCUSTA (PHYMATEA) PUNCTATA.
Plate XII. fig. 2.

Suspcenus. Puymarea. (Phymateus, Thunberg, Serville.)

Species. Locusta (PaymMaTea) Puncrata: thorace verrucoso atro, lateribus capitis et
thoracis flavis ; tegminibus atris, flavo-punctatis ; alis atris; abdomine rufo-
annulato. Long. (alis clausis) 23 une.

Locusta (Puymarea): with the thorax warty, black, with the sides of it and of
the head yellow; tegmina black, spotted with yellow; wings black ; abdomen
with red rings. Length, (with the wings shut,) 23 inches,

Syn. Gryllus punctatus, Drury, App. vol. 2, pl. 41, fig. 4. Fabr. Ent. Syst. 2.51. Thun-
berg, Mem. Acad. Petersb. p. 258. Stoll Saut. pl. 7. b, f. 24 A.

Hasitat. East Indies.

SCHIZODACTYLA MONSTROSA.
Plate XII. fig. 3.

Famity. AcHeETID#, Leach.
Genus, Scuizopactyia. Schizodactylus, Brulle. Acheta, Fabricius. Gryllus, Latreille.

Species. Scuizopactyta Monstrosa: -tegminibus alisque caudatis convolutis ; corpore
luteo-fusco punctis nigris. Long. Corp. 13 une.
ScHIZODACTYLA : with the tegmina and wings very long, forming a rolled-up tail ;
body Juteo-fuscous with black markings. Length 1? inches.

Syy. Gryllus monstrosus, Drury App. vol. 2, pl. 43, fig. 1. Fabricius Ent. Syst. 2. 29.
(Acheta m.) Aud. et Brulle Hist. Nat. Ins. t. 9, p. 161. British Cycl. Mat. Hist.
pl. of Orth. Ins. Le Regne Animal (Edit. Crochard,) Ins. pl. 82, f. 1.

Donovan states that “this very singular creature is found in the vicinity of
Bengal, where, according to the information of Mr. Fichtel, it is by no means common.
It lives under ground, like the Gryllus Campestris, and some other well known
analogous European insects of this tribe.”

This fact is of considerable interest, since it clearly proves the strong relation
which exists between this interesting species and the family of the crickets, Achetide ;
a relation strengthened, moreover, by the general structure of the body; the anal
appendages, (one of which is shown in the accompanying figure); the horizontal

22

ORTHOPTERA.

position of the dorsal part, and the vertical position of the lateral part of the tegmina ;
as well as the general colour of the insect. ;

M. Brullé has very judiciously formed this insect into a new group; which he has
named Schizodactylus, from the remarkable structure of the tarsi, which are furnished
with curious dilated plates, and are four-jointed. It is chiefly on this account M.
Brullé has removed this insect to the family of the grasshoppers, with long antenne,
(Gryllide, Leach. Locustaires, Latr.). M. Brullé has also been induced to adopt
this arrangement, by the greater length of the maxillary palpi, and the large size of
the wings. The last mentioned character is, however, especially that of many of the
crickets, (Achetide,) for instance, the common house cricket; and the size of the
palpi is scarcely a character of first-rate importance. M. Brullé has moreover
omitted to notice, that the anterior tibie are destitute of that peculiar oval cavity
which he expressly states (p. 125) to be found ‘ dans tows les insects de cette famille.”
Hence, from the majority of its characters, I am still induced to place this insect in
the family Achetide, regarding it as the connecting link between that family and the
Gryllide. The genus Anostostoma of Gray, (Mag, Nat. Hist. 2nd series, 1 p. 148.)

is another very interesting link.

PHYLLOPHORA AMBOINENSIS.
Plate XTIT. fig. 1.

Famity. Gryiums, Leach. Locustaires, Latreille.

Genus. Puyiiopnora, Thunberg, Steirodon, Serville. Locusta p. Fabricius.

Species. PayLLopHora AMBOINENSIS : “ viridissima; thorace tetragona, angulis dentatis ;
seutello [sc, avea interna tegminum] magno fusco-viridi ; elytris foliaceis latissi-
mis.”—Donovan. Long. alis clausis, une. 4h.

PuyLLopHora: green, thorax quadrangular, with the angles dentated; scutel
large, brown-green ; wing-cases leaf-formed and very broad. Length, with the
wings closed, 44 inches.

Syn. Locusta Amboinensis. Donov. lst edit.

‘The only specimen we have ever seen of this elegant species, is that delineated
in the annexed plate with Locusta citrifolia. This insect was received from Amboyna
some years ago by Governor Holford, then resident in India, and is at this time in
the collection of the author.

23

ORTHO PTERA.

“ Both the elytra, or wing-cases, and the posterior part of the thorax, are of a
fine delicate green; the anterior part of the thorax yellowish brown; with the head
and body still paler. The wing-cases, as usual in this tribe, bear no very distant
resemblance to the leaves of certain plants, not only in colour, but also in the outline,
and still more so in the conformation of the nerves which arise and branch off towards
the extremities, exactly in the same manner as the nerves arise, and ramify, from the
mid-rib in the leaves of the far ereater number of plants. One peculiarity in the
structure of the elytra in our new species deserves remark: the scutel, or rather that
portion of the wing-case on the left side that folds over the back when the creature
is at rest, is of a much stronger texture than any other part of the insect, except the
thorax, and serves as an external covering or defence to the corresponding lobe of
the other wing-case, which is of a more delicate nature, consisting only of a thin and
pellucid membrane, the surface of which is hyaline or glassy. The wings are re-
markably tender, of a whitish colour, and semitransparent.’’—Donovan.

PHYLLOPHORA CITRIFOLIA.
Plate XIII. fig. 2.

Species. Pay iiopsora Crrriro.ia: thorace tetragono, angulis crenatis ; tegminibus viridibus,
folium lauri referentibus. Long. alis clausis, une. 3.
PHYLLOPHORA : with the thorax quadrangular, crenated at the angles ; wing-covers
green like a laurel leaf. Length, with the wings closed, 3 inches.
Syy. Gryllus citrifolius, Linneus, Mus. Reg. Ulr. p. 125. Syst. Nat. IJ. 695. Fabricius,
Ent. Syst. t. 2. p. 33, (Locusta c.) De Geer Mem. vol. 3, pl. 33, Sf. 3. Serville,
Rev. Orth. p. 44. (Steirodon c.)

Hagitat. “In Indiis,” (Linneus.) "Surinam, (De Geer.) Cayenne, (Serville.)

Donovan states that he received it with the preceding insect from Amboyna.

24,

Order. HEMIPTERA, Zenneus (continued).

RAPHIGASTER INCARNATUS.
Plate XIV. fig. 1.

Section. Hereroprera, Latreille.

Famity. Pentatomips, Leach. Cimex, Linn.

Genus. RapuicastTer, Laporte.

Species. RApHIGASTER INCARNATUS: supra sanguineus; capite, scutelli maculis duabus ;
hemelytris unica, membranaque apicali nigris. Long. Corp. une. 1.

RAPHIGASTER : above sanguineous, with the head ; two spots on the scutellum ; a

single one on each side of the hemelytra, and the apical membrane black. Length
1 inch.

Syn. Cimex incarnatus Drury Illustrations, App. vol. 2, 1st edit. pl. 36, f. 5.
Cimex nigripes, Fabr. Syst. Rhyng. 149.17. Wolff} 1, t. 2,7 11. Donovan 1st edit.
Cimex melanopus, Gmel. Syst. Nat. 2149.

This beautiful species bears a distant similitude to Cimex aurantius, described
among the insects of China; it is found in the environs of Batavia, as we are
informed, but is by no means common there.

TESSERATOMA PAPILLOSA.
Plate XIV. fig. 2.

Genus. Trsseratoma, St. Furg, et Serv. Laporte. Burmeister.

Species. TkssERatoma Papiunosa: lutea; thoracis lateribus subrotundatis ; antennis fuscis
basi subferrugineis ; abdomine supra purpureo-ferruginono. Long. Corp. 1 une.
TEssERATOMA ; luteous ; thorax with the sides rounded; antenne dark brown,
reddish towards the base ; abdomen above purplish-ferruginous. Length 1 inch.
Syy. Cimex papillosus, Drury, App. vol. 2, pl. 43, SJ. 2. (nec Fabr. Burmeister, de.
Donovan, 1st edit.
Tesseratoma Sonneratii, St. Furg. et Serv. Ene. Méth. 10. 590.
Cimex Chinensis, Thunberg. Nov. Ins. t. 11, 759. Laporte, Hemipt. p. 60.

“Professor Thunberg describes this Cimex under the name of Chinensis. Our
figures represent both the larva and the perfect insect. That our specimens are from

25

HEMIPTERA.

the Hast Indies need not admit of doubt: the same kind is mentioned as a native of
Sierra Leone by Fabricius, perhaps without sufficient authority.”’—-Donovan.

There is, perhaps, some doubt, as to this species being the C. Chinensis of Thun-
berg, or the real papillosus of Drury. The African species, described by Fabricius
under the latter name, is totally distinct. See my observations on this insect, in the
second edition of Drury’s Illustrations, vol. 2, p. 91.

PENTATOMA CRUCIATA.
Plate XIV. fig. 3.

Genus. Pentatoma, Latreille. Cimex, Fabricius. Burm.

Species. Prentaroma Cruciata : nigro pallidoque varia ; scutello nigro, cruce alba. Long.
Corp. une. 4.
Pentatoma : pale yellow with black spots, (10 on the thorax, 4 in front, and 6
behind) ; scutellum black, with a white cross. Length } of an inch.

Syy. Cimex cruciata, Fabr. Ent. Syst. 4.119. Syst. Rhyng. p. 174. Wolff Cimic. t. 7,
ip

Fabricius states that this species was found in the Hast Indies by Dr. Keenic.
Donovan’s specimen was from Bengal.

PENTATOMA MACTANS.
Plate XIV. fig. 4.

Species. Prntratoma Macrans: ovata depressa; supra rufa, thorace scutelloque maculis
duabus ; hemelytrorumque membrana apicali nigris. Long. Corp. } unc.
PEnTATOMA : ovate depressed ; above rufous, with two black spots on the thorax,
and two on the scutellum ; apical membrane of the hemelytra black. Length
2 inch.
Syw. Lygzus Mactans, Pabr. Hnt. Syst. 4. 161. Syst. Rhyng. p. 227.
Cimex Mactans, Fabr. Sp. Ins. 2. 366. Donovan, 1st edit.

ACANTHOSOMA UNIGUTTATA.
Plate XIV. fig. 5.

Genus. AcanTHosoma, Curtis. Cimex, Donovan.

Species. AcantHosoma Unicuttata: thorace acute spinoso ; ferruginea, scutello puncto
magno albo notato. Long. Corp. une. }.

E

26

HEMIPTERA.

AcCANTHOSOMA : with the thorax produced on each side into an acute spine ; ferrugi-
nous, with a large white spot at the base of the scutellum. Length } an inch.

Syy. Cimex uniguttatus, Donovan, 1st edit.

Donovan states that this curious species is a native of Madras.

RHYNCHOCORIS VIRIDIS.
Plate XIV. fig. 6.

Genus. RuyncHocoris, Westwood. Cimex, Donovan.

Species. Ruyncnocorts Viripis: thorace spinoso ; viridis; hemelytris fusco-cinereis ;
scutello apice flavescenti ; thoracis spinis cylindricis truncatis. Long. Corp.
une. +.

RayNcwocoris : with the thorax produced behind on each side into a cylindric spine,
truncate at the tip ; green ; hemelytra brownish-grey ; scutel at the tip yellowish.
Length 4th of an inch.

Syy. Cimex viridis, Donovan, 1st edit.

This rare insect is from Ceylon.

RHYNCHOCORIS HAMATA.
Plate XIV. fig. 7.

Species. Ruayncnocoris Hamata: thorace acute spinoso, testacea ; elytris virescentibus ;
abdomine serrato ; denticulis nigris. Long. 8, une.

RuyncHocoris: with the thorax produced into an acute spine on each side, tes-
taceous buff, with greenish elytra ; the margin of the abdomen serrated ; the
teeth black. Length ,°th of an inch.

Syn, Edessa hamata, Fabr. Hint. Syst. 4.104. Syst. Rh. p. 147.
Cimex serratus, Donovan, 1st edit.
Rhynchocoris hamata, Westwood, in Cat. Hemipt. Mus. Hope.

Java, and other parts of the East Indies.

1X2)
NI

Order. LEPIDOPTERA, Zinneus.

PAPILIO ANTENOR.
Plate XV. fig. 1.
Trise. Drurna, Latreille. Genus: Papilio, Linn., (Butterflies.)
FamiIty. PaPILIONID&, Leach.
Genus. Paritio, Latreille. (Papiliones Equites, Linn.)

Species. Papitio ANTENoR : alis dentatis concoloribus atris albo-maculatis ; posticis candatis ;

disco atomis viridibus lunulisque marginalibus rubris. Expans. alar. 6 une.
6 lin.

Papitio : with the wings dentate, black with many white spots, the posterior pair
tailed, and with the disk powdered with green atoms, the margin with red
lunules. Hxpanse of the wings 64 inches.

Syy. Papilio Antenor, Drury, il. Exot. Ent. vol. 2 app. pl. 3, f. 1. 2d edit. v. 2, p. 4. Fabr.
Ent. Syst. II. I. p. 4, No. 9. Jablonsky, Pap. 2. t. 3, fig. 1. Borsduval Hist.
Nat. Lepid. 1, p. 189, No. 2. Ene. Méth. 9, 69.

Hasitat. Tropical Africa.

This species was originally described by Drury, from whom all subsequent writers
(including Donovan) have derived their descriptions and figures of this exceedingly
rare butterfly. Drury states that he was unaware from what country his specimen
was obtained. Fabricius, however, gave India as its country, on which authority,
apparently, Donovan introduced it into this work, observing that it might “ be num-
bered with much propriety among the rarest of the Papilio tribe found in India.”” In
the second edition of Drury’s Illustrations, I have stated the incorrectness of this
locality, on the authority of a specimen in the collection of the Rev. F. W. Hope,
brought from tropical Africa by the late Mr. Ritchie. Had the insect moreover been
an inhabitant of India, it would surely have been received more frequently. No
specimen however, as far as I am aware, is contained in any of the continental
collections.

PAPILIO ANTIPHUS.
Plate XV. fig. 2.

Species. Papitio Antipuus: alis concoloribus nigris, anticis ad apicem griseo radiatis,
posticis caudatis, lunulis septem submarginalibus rubris. Expans. alar. 3 une.
3 lin.
Papizio : with all the wings similarly coloured, black ; the anterior paler, greyish
E 2

28

LEPIDOPTERA.

at the tips, with black rays ; the posterior pair tailed, and with seven red |
lunules. Expanse of the wings 3} inches.
Syn. Papilio Antiphus, Mabr. Ent. Syst. III. 1. p. 10. He. Meth. 9. 71. Boisduval Hist.
Nat. Lepid. vol. 1, p. 266.

Var. Papilio Polygius, Enc. Meth. 9. 811.
Hasirar. India, (Fabricius). Philippine Islands, (Zne. Méth.) Manilla, (Boisduval).

Nearly allied to Papilio Polydorus, but one-fifth smaller, and without the white
spot on the posterior wings. It was originally described by Fabricius from the un-
published collection of drawings of Mr. Jones, from which it is most probable that
Donovan, who had access thereto, obtained this figure, which is the only one yet
published of the species. In the Encyclopédie Méthodique, a variety of this species,
with nine red lunules, is described under the name of Papilio Polygius, from the
Philippine Islands, where this insect appears to replace Papilio Polydorus.

ORNITHOPTERUS PRIAMUS.
g Plate XVI.

Genus. OpnirHoprerus. (Ornithoptera, Boisdwval.)

Spscres. ORniTHopterus Priamus : alis holosericeis supra viridibus, limbo nigro ; anticis
fascia longitudinali latissima ; posticis maculis submarginatibus, nigris ; his
denticulatis abdomine flavo g. Expans. alar. une. 85.

ORNITHORPTERUS : with the wings silky ; above green with a black border, the
anterior with a very broad longitudinal black bar, the posterior with black
submarginal spots, the latter wings denticulated, the abdomen yellow, ¢.
Expanse of the wings 8} inches.

Syn. Papilio (Equ. Tr.) Priamus, Linn. Amen. Acad. 5. 3. f 203. Syst. Nat. 2. 744.
Clerck Icones, t. 17. Fabr. Ent. Syst. III. 1. p. 11. Cramer, pl. 23, A.B. Ene.
Meth. 9, p. 25. Boisduval Hist. Nut. Lepid. vol. 1, p. 173.

Donovan observes, that ‘‘ With the exception of Papilio Ulysses, which perhaps
in point of splendour may excel, Papilio Priamus is beyond comparison the most lovely
creature of this tribe of insects hitherto discovered, either in India or any other
country. It is a native of Amboyna, where we understand it is extremely rare, and
bears a considerable price among the Dutch amateurs in that island. We obtained a
pair of them in fine condition some years ago from the cabinet of the late Mr. Tunstall,
who had purchased them in Holland, from a collection made by one of the Dutch

governors in Amboyna, This rarity is figured in a resting position on the blossoms
of the Mimosa Grandiflora.”

29

LEPIDOPTERA.

PAPILIO EMPEDOCLES.
Plate XVIT. fig. 1.

Papitio Empepoctes : alis fuscis ; anticis utrinque fascia maculari viridi, transversa

SPECIES.
media, posticis caudatis, subtus ad angulum ani lunulis duabus nigris. Expans.

alar. une. 44.
PaPILto : with the wings brown ; the anterior on both sides with a transverse central

band of green spots ; the posterior tailed. and with two black lunules at the

anal angle beneath. Expanse of the wings 4} inches.

Papilio (Nymphalis) Empedocles, Fab. Ht. Syst. III. 1. p. 70. Ene. Méth. 9. 810,

Boisduval Hist. Nat. Lepid. vol. 1, p. 29.
Island of Bourbon, (Boisduval.)

Syn.
Hasirat. “ India Orientali,” (Fabricius.)

The original Fabrician description was taken from a specimen in the collection of
Sir Joseph Banks, now in the possession of the Linnean Society. By Fabricius this
species was inserted, by some strange oversight, amongst the Nymphales.

PAPILIO DEIPHOBUS.
o Plate XVII. fig. 2.

Papitio DerpHosus: alis nigris subtus basi rubro-maculatis ; posticis caudatis

SPECIES.
&. Expans alar.

maculis septem rubris subannularibus submarginalibus.
une. 6,

Papixio : with black wings, the base beneath being spotted with red ; the posterior
pair tailed, with seven red subannular and submarginal spots. Expanse of

the wings 6 inches.
Papilio (Eq. Tr.) Deiphobus, Linn. Syst. Nat. 2.746. Clerck Icon. t. 25. Cramer,
t. 181, A.B. Fabricius Ent. Syst. TIL. 1. p. 5. Ene. Méth. 9. 64. Boisduv. Hist.

Nat. Lepid. vol. 1, p. 200.
9 Papilio Alcandor, Cramer, pl. 40, A. B.

Syn.

The female has the wings brown above, the posterior pair being ornamented with
a large palmated buff mark in the centre. Boisduval gives the Moluccas, Amboyna,

and Celebes, as the habitat of this species.

30

LEPIDOPTERA.

PAPILIO LACEDEMON.
Plate XVII. fig. 3.
Species. Paprito Lacepenoy : alis dentatis nigro-fuscis, lunulis marginalibus albis ; posticis
ecandatis subtus brunneis lunulis submarginalibus nigris. Expans. alar.

une. 44.
Papitio: with the wings dentated, brownish-black, with marginal Iunules ; the
posterior without tails, beneath brown, with black submarginal lunules.
Expanse of the wings 4} inches.
Syy. Papilio (Eq. Ach.) Lacedemon, Fabr. Hnt. Syst. III. 1, p. 36. Boisduval Hist. Nat.
Lepid. vol. 1, p. 374. Enc. Méth. 9. 38.

Hasirat. Malabar, (Fabricius).

ORNITHOPTERUS REMUS.
Plate XVIII.

Species. OrnitHoprerus Remus: alis nigris ; posticis dentatis, sabtus albis, his utrinque
maculis submarginalibus auratis. Expans. alar, unc. 9.
OrNITHOPTERUS : with black wings ; the posterior pair dentate, beneath (except at
the base) white, with golden coloured submarginal spots more or less expanded.
Expanse of the wings 94 inches.

Syy. Ornithoptera Remus, Boisduval Hist. Nat. Lepid. p. 176, (nec. Priamus ? p. 173).
Papilio Remus, “abr. Ent. Syst. II. 1, p. 11. Cramer, pl. 185 A, 136 A, and 386
A.B. Ene. Méth. 9, p 126. Naturalists Lib. Entomol. v. 5, pl. 1, f. 2.
Papilio Panthous, Donovan, 1st edit.

Donovan observes of this species, that “it 1s one of the many magnificent natural

29

productions of Amboyna, and is extremely rare.” By Donovan it was given as the
Papilio Panthous, with the further observation, “‘ The supposed female of this insect
is also considered as the female of Papilio Priamus; it is a gigantic creature, being
still larger than the butterfly represented, but it is less beautiful, and the general
colour an obscure reddish brown.” The insect here referred to by Donovan is the
real Papilio Panthous, and is now generally considered to be the true female of
P. Priamus. The insect here figured is evidently a male, as may be seen from the
anal valve, which so peculiarly distinguishes the males of the Ornithopteri. Hence
Godart and Boisduval must be in error in giving this figure as the female of Priamus.
In the nearly uniform colour of the upper wings it better agrees with P. Remus,
although the markings of the posterior wings are different. I have not, however,

31

LEPIDOPTERA,

ventured to give it as a distinct species, considering it possible that the markings
may be hable to variation. It is figured resting on a flower of the double variegated
Japan rose, a scarce variety of the Camellia Japonica.

Tn the Naturalist’s Library, Entomology, vol. 5, p. 89, this figure is given as the
female of Priamus, although a figure agreeing with the present is likewise given
under the name of Remus.

ORNITHOPTERUS HELIACON.
Plate XIX. fig. 1,

Species. ORNITHOPTERUS Hewracon : alis dentatis anticis nigris, posticis flavis limbo tenui
undata punctisque submarginalibus nigris. Expans. alar. une. 5h.
ORNITHOPTERUS: with the wings dentated; the anterior black, the posterior golden
yellow, with a festooned black margin, and with a row of black submarginal
spots, of which the two exterior are the largest, the others being often obsolete.
Expanse of the wings 54 inches.

Syn. Papilio (Eq. Tr.) Heliacon, Fabr. Ent. Syst. IIL. 1. p. 19. 60. Boisduval Hist. Nat.
Lepid. p. 178. (Ornithoptera H.)
Papilio Amphrisius, ¢ Enc. Méth. 9.27. Horsfield Lep. Juv. pl. 4. f. 3.
Papilio Astinous, Fab. Ent. Syst. IIL. 1. p. 19.
Papilio Minos, Cramer, pl. 195 A.
Papilio Pompeus, Cramer, pl. 25 A.
Amphrisius Nymphalides, Swainson Zool. [ilustr. new series, pl. 98.

Originally described by Fabricius from the Banksian Collection and Mr. Jones’s
drawings ; and as the present figure exactly agrees with the Fabrician description, it
is most probable that it was from one of these sources (to both of which Donovan
had access) that this figure was taken. This is of some importance, as the species
has been confounded with several others, as may be seen from the synonyms quoted
above, and as it is liable to considerable variation in the spots of the posterior wings,
and in the occasional paler radiation of the superior wings. Ina specimen which I
possess, exactly corresponding with this figure, the neck has a scarlet band, and there
are some scarlet bands at the sides of the thorax beneath.

The transformations of this species have been observed by Dr. Horsfield in Java,
and figures of the larva and pupa published in the Lepidoptera Javanica (pl. 4, f. 13).
The caterpillar is thick, of a yellowish colour, with a broad dorsal white line. It is
armed with eight rows of erect obtuse fleshy appendages, as well as with a furcate

32

LEPIDOPTERA.

tubercle behind the head. The chrysalis is thick, curved and armed on the back of
each of the three intermediate abdominal segments with a pair of conical points.

Dr. Horsfield considers this insect as the type of the last of the three great sec-
tions of the genus Papilio having the antenna with obscure annuli, (vide synopt. table).
Mr. Swainson gave it as a subgenus named Amphrisius, confounding the two species
Heliacon and Amphrisius together, and applying the latter name as that of the genus.
But as Priamus and its allies are the types of the same group, it would be absurd, even
were it not inconvenient, to retain this genera name. I have therefore employed
M. Boisduval’s name of Ornithoptera, altering its termination, however, to make it
agree with the sex of the old genus Papilio, from which it has been separated.

ID ANTE ERO) IL 1D) 743) 0s).
Plate XIX. fig. 2.
Species: Papitio Ip#us: alis nigris, anticis fascia abbreviata flava, posticis dentatis, macula
palmata trifida punctisque sanguineis, emarginaturis albidis. Expans. alar.
une. 44.
Papiiio: with black wings, the anterior with an abbreviated yellow band, the pos-
terior dentated, with a palmated mark composed of three red united spots, and

several other red spots, the emarginations yellowish. Expanse of the wings
4} inches.

Syx. Fabricius, Ent. Syst. III. 1. p. 16. Ene. Méth. 9. 33. Boisduval Hist. Nat. Lepid.
ep 299.

Hapitat. Madras, Fabricius.

This species was originally described from the collection of Mr. Drury and
Mr. Jones’s drawings, which evidently supplied Mr. Donovan with the present figure.
The French Entomologists are only acquainted with the species through the works
of Fabricius and Donovan. M. Boisduval is of opinion, that from the facies of this
species it is rather an inhabitant of South America than the East Indies.

PAPILIO ASTYANAX.
Plate XX, fig. 1.

Species. Papitzo AstTyanax: alis nigris concoloribus, anticis fascia sesquialtera alba striata,
posticis dentatis, ecaudatis, macula discoidali palmata lunulisque sex submar-
ginalibus sanguineis. Expans. alar. une. 4.
Papriio: with all the wings black, the anterior having a broad oblique whitish
band, striped with black beyond the middle, united to another shorter, which

33

LEPIDOPTERA.

crosses the discoidal cell ; the posterior wings dentated without tails, with a dis-
coidal palmated blotch, and six submarginal lunules of a sanguineous colour.
Expanse of the wings, 4 inches.
Syy. Papilio Astyanax, Pabricius, Hnt. Syst. ILL. 1. p. 13. Ene. Méth. 9.72. Boisduval,
Hist. Nat. Lepidopt. 271.
~ Papilio Mutius, 2 ? Fabr. loc. at p. 3.

It is most probable that this figure represents an injured individual of Papilio
Mutius, which differs only from Astyanax in possessing tails to the posterior wings.
This might have occurred through the tails having been broken off, or as in Papilio
Polydorus, some individuals of P. Mutius may possess only very rudimental tails.
The species was originally described by Fabricius from the collection of Mr. Drury,
and the drawings of Mr. Jones, from which it is probable Mr. Donovan obtained this
figure, and from which alone the French Entomologists are acquainted with the
species. I possess the late Mr. Haworth’s specimens of P. Mutius, which together
with the remainder of that gentleman’s collection of Papilionide, were compared with
Mr. Jones’s drawings, and which are labelled “ P. Astyanax?” the mark of doubt
being probably added from the difference in the tail.

The P. Astyanax of the earlier works of Fabricius, is a totally different insect,
and a native of America.

PAPILIO POLYMNESTOR.
Plate XX. fig. 2.

Species. Papizio Potymnestor : alis dentatis, nigris ; anticis fascia lata transversa submar-
ginali albida, (venis interrupta) ; posticis apice cerulescenti-plumbeis, maculis
atris ordinatim digestis, Expans. alar. unc. 63.

Papitio: with the wings dentated, black ; the anterior having a broad transverse
submarginal whitish band, (interrupted by the veins) ; the posterior wings with
the terminal half-leaden-blue, with two rows of black spots. Expanse of the
wings, 61 inches. :

Syy. Papilio (Eq. Tr.) Polymnestor, Mab. Hnt. Syst. ITI. 1. p. 18. Cramer, tab. 53,
Sigs. A, B.
Papilio Polymnestor, Ene. Méth. 9. 29. Boisduval, Hist. Nat. Lepid. p. 191.

Hasirat. “ Various parts of India,” (Donovan). Cachemere, Ceylon, (Boisduvat).

34

LEPIDOPTERA.

PAPILIO ULYSSES.
Plate X XI.

Species. Paprrio Unyssrs: alis nigris, disco ceruleo radiante, posticis caudatis ; subtus
ocellis septem. Expans. alar. unc. 5}.
Papitio : with black wings, the disc being blue and radiated, posterior wings tailed ;
beneath brown, with seven large cabmecgial ocelli on the posterior wings.
Expanse of the wings, 54 inches.
Syx. Papilio (Eq. Ach.) Ulysses, Linn. Syst. Mat. 2. 748. Pabr. Ent. Syst. UII. 1. p. 23.
Enc. Méth. 9. 65. Cramer, tab. 121, f A, B. Boisd. ne Nat. Lepid. 1, p. 202.
2 Papilio Diomedes, Linn. Syst. Nat. 2. 749. Cramer, t. 122,, fig. A.

Hazitat. “The Dutch spice islands,” (Donovan). Amboyna, Celebes, (Boisduval).

CASTNIA EVALTHE.
Plate XXII.

Section. ———? (Hesperi sphinges, Latreille.)
Famity. Castnpirx, Westw.
Genus. Castyra, Latr. God. Dalman. Papilio, (Festivi,) Mabr.

Species. Castnta Evarrue: alis integris nigris, nitidis ; anticis utrinque fasciis duabus,
posticis unica flavis ; his supra serie e maculis submarginalibus, subtus pagina
omni rubris ; fascia maculari flava. Expans. alar. 4} une.

Castnia : with the wings entire black, shining ; the anterior above and beneath with
two bands, and the posterior with a single (sometimes interrupted) band of a
yellow colour, the latter have also a submarginal row of red spots, the under
surface is also red, with a central row of buff spots. Expanse of the wings,
41 inches.

Syy. Papilio (Festiv.) Evalthe, Fab. Hint. Syst, III. 1. p. 45. Syst. Ent. p. 480. Herbst.
Pap. t. 137, f. 1, 2. Ene. Méth. 9. 797. (Castnia E.) Donovan, 1st edition.
(Papilio E.)
Papilio Dardanus, Cramer, pl. 17, fig. E, F.

Hasitat. “ In Indiis,” (Fabricivs).* Surinam and Brazil, (Zinc. Méth.)

This scarce and beautiful species, represented on a sprig of the Vitex Negundo,
Fine-leaved Chaste tree, is here misplaced, not only on account of its belonging to

* By the term “In Indiis,” Fabricius meant either the West or the East Indies ; although he more gene-
rally employed the term “In India,” or “In India orientali,” to designate the habits of East Indian species.

aI)

LEPIDOPTERA,

the section of the Hesperi-sphinges of Latreille, but also, because it and all the other
species of the remarkable genus to which it belongs, are inhabitants of the tropical
parts of South America.

WOON TO SSA TLy15) SE 781 18),
Plate XXIII. fig. 1.

Famity. Nympnarimps, Leach.
Genus. Vanessa, Latr. God. Curtis. Hamadryades, Hubn. Papilio (Nymph. Phal. Fabr.)
Species. Vanessa Lerue: alis subcaudatis supra fulvis ; anticis apice late nigro, fascia
maculisque flavis ; posticis margine flavo striga nigra. Expans. alar. 2—21 une.
Vanessa: with the posterior wings shortly tailed, fulvous above ; the anterior
wings with the extremity broadly black, in which is an oblique fascia and
several spots of a yellowish colour; the posterior wings have the margin
yellowish, with several parallel narrow black submarginal lines. Expanse of
the wings, 2—24 inches.
Syn. Papilio (Nymph.) Lethe, Fubr. Ent. Syst. III. 1, p. 80. Ene. Méth. 9. 818. (Vanessa
IL

Haszitat. “In Indiis,” (Fabricius). Brazil, (ne. Meth.)

Like the last species, the term applied by Fabricius to indicate the habitat of
this species, evidently led Donovan to give it as an inhabitant of the Hast Indies. It
is, however, according to the Encyclopédie Méthodique, as well as its very near ally,
Vanessa Zabulina, an inhabitant of Brazil.

IN AoMeP EASE Se CO Cal his:
Plate XXIII. fig. 2.

Genus. Nympuatis, Latreille. Papilio (Nymphalis) Fabricius. Paphia, Horsfield.

Species. NympHa.is Cocres: alis albo, fusco, flavescentique strigosis, fascia media communi
alba; posticis subcaudatis; subtus albidis striga punctorum ocellatorum.
Expans. alar. une. 2.

Nymruatis : with the wings transversely streaked with white, brown and yellowish,
and with a narrow white bar running across all the wings beyond the middle ;
posterior wings with short tails ; beneath whitish with a row of eyelets. Expanse
of the wings, 2 inches.

FQ

36

LEPIDOPTERA.

Syy. Papilio (N.) Cocles, Fabr. Ent. Syst. IIL. 1, p.65. Ene. Méth. 9. 362, (Nymphalis C.)

Hasitat. Siam, (Ifus. Banks.)

This insect, together with P. Periander, figured in plate 37, and some other allied
species, constitute a very well marked group in the great genus Nymphalis.

NYMPHALIS (CHARAXES) TIRIDATES.
Plate XXIII. fig. 3.

Genus, Nympnauts. Suscrnus: (Charaxes, Boisduval. Jasia, Swainson.)

Species. Nympwauis (Cuaraxes) Tirtpates: alis supra atro- ceruleis ; margine postico
lunulis ochraceis; omnium dimidio apicali punctis cerulescentibus. Expans.
alar. une. 4}.

Nymewaurs: with blue-black wings ; the posterior margin with ochre-coloured
lunules ; the apical half of all the wings with cerulescent spots. Expanse of
the wings, 4} inches.

Syy. Papilio (Nymph.) Tiridates, Fabr. Sp. Ins. 2, p. 11. Ent. Syst. III. 1, p. 62. Cra-
mer, pl. 162, f.A, B. Herbst. Pap. t. 62, f. 3, 4. Enc. Méth. 9. 354. (Nymphalis

T.) Drury Til. v. 3, pl. 23, f. 1, 2 -

Hasitat. Amboyna, (Fabricius). Amboyna and Java, (Hne. Méth.) Brazil, (Drury, but
‘ incorrectly?).

IDHA AGHLIA.
Plate XXIV.

Famity. Heticonrpa, Swainson.

Genus. Inka, Fabricius, (Syst. Gloss. in [llig. Mag.) Papilio, (Dan. Cand.) Linneus.

Species. Inppa AcEtiaA: alis ovatis integerrimis albo-denudatis, venis maculisque nigris ;
anticis margine externo nigro serie punctorum alborum. Expans. alar. une. 6}.

IpEa : with ovate and very entire wings, semi-transparent white, with black veins

and spots; the outer margin of the anterior wings being black with a row of
white spots. Expanse of the wings, 6} inches.

Syn. Idea Agelia, Hine. Méth. 9.195. Audowin et Brullé Hist. Nat. Ins. Lep. t. 2, pl. 5.

Papilio (D. C.) Idea, Linn. Syst. Nat. 2. 758. Fabr. Ent. Syst. IIL. 1. p. 185.
Clerck Icon. tab. 38, f. 1.

Donovan observes of this insect—‘ There is a peculiar delicacy in the appearance
= ~ wen mn ile yn ” a S ® 7
of this large and rare Papilio that stz ongly recommends itself to our attention, and,

37

LEPIDOPTERA.

notwithstanding that the figure of it has a place already in several works on Ento-
mology, impels us to include it in the present selection of Indian insects. Clerk,
Cramer, and Drury, have each given a delineation of it, the latter of whom names it
Papilio Lynceus; but it is almost superfluous to add, that it is beyond dispute the
Papilio Idea of Linneus. Our specimens are from Amboyna, and are represented on
the common Indian Yellow Jasmine.”

Although it is evident that this figure of Donovan’s represents the true Linnean
Papiho Idea, that figured by Drury is a distinct species, for which the name of Idea
lyncea must be retamed, Dr. Horsfield has figured another species, from Java, under
the name of Idea Gaura, (Lep. Jav. pl. 6, f.1. Boisduval Lepid. pl. 11, f. 11). A
fourth, Idea Daos, is figured by M. Boisduval, in the last named work, (pl. 24, fig. 3) ;

and I believe a fifth was in the collection of General Hardwick, now at the British
Museum.

IPL Wales, Rieti he Ie uA
Plate XXV. fig. 1.

Famity. Papinionip#, Leach.
Genus. Pieris, Schrank, Latr. God. Papilio (Dan. Cand.) Linneus.
Species. Prerts Hippta : alis repandis virescenti-albis ; venis limboque (albo punctato) nigris.
Expans. alar. unc. 34.
Pieris : with broad greenish white wings ; the veins and borders black, the latter
: often with white spots. Expanse of the wings, 3} inches.
Syy. Papilio (Festiv.) Hippia, Fabr. Hnt. Syst. IIL 1. p.59. Hne. Meth. 9. 19. 3, (Danais H.)
Pieris Valeria, Cramer, pl. 85, f A. Ene. Méth. 9.155. Boisduval Hist. Nat. Lep.
p. 444
Hasirat. “Poulicandor, Mus. Bunks,” (Fabricius). Java, India, (Boisduval, Enc. Meth.)

This species has somewhat the facies of some of the Danai, which probably
induced Fabricius to remove it from its legitimate situation.

DANAIS AFFINIS.
Plate XXV. fig, 2.

Famity. Hexniconmp£, Swainson.

Genus. Danats, Latreille. Euplea, Fabricius. Papilio (Dan. festiv. p. Linn.)

Species, Danars AFFinis: alis nigris albo maculatis ; posticis dentatis, subtus_ limbo fusco
punctis flavis albisque ordinatim digestis. Expans. alar, une. 3}.

38

LEPIDOPTERA.

Danats: with the wings black, spotted with white ; the posterior dentate, and
beneath with a broad brown border, with one row of fulvous, and two rows of
smaller white spots. Expanse of the wings, 3} inches.

Syn. Papilio (Fest.) affinis, Fabr. Ent. Syst. TIL. 1. p. 58, 181. Syst. Ent. p. 511. Ene.
Méth. 9, 182.

Hasirat. “Nova Hollandia, Mus. Dom. Banks,” (Fabricius).

I know not upon what authority Donovan introduced this species amongst the
inhabitants of India, New Holland being the only locality recorded by Fabricius, by
whom alone the insect has been described, the French Entomologists merely copying
his description.

NYMPHALIS PHILOMELA.
Plate XXV. fig. 3.

Spectres. NympHatis Prinomera : alis nigris, anticis albo punctatis et lineatis ; posticis basi
flavo-radiatis, apice nigris albo-punctatis. Expans. alar. une. 3.

Nympnanis: with the wings black, the anterior with white spots and lines, the
posterior radiated with yellow at the base, with a black border spotted with
white. Expanse of the wings, 3 inches.

Syy. Papilio (Fest.) Philomela: Hnt. Syst. III. 1, p. 57. Hine. Méth. 9. 398, (Nympha-
lis? Ph.)

Hasirat. “In Indiis, ius. Dom. Banks,” (Fabricius).

PIERIS (IPHIAS) LEUCIPPH.
Plate X XVI. fig. 1.

Genus. Pieris, Schrank, Latreille, Godart. Colias, Morsfield. (Suscexus: Iphias,
(Boisduval.)

Species. Preris (IpHias) Levucrpre: alis anticis supra vivide fulvis, venis, margineque
nhigris ; posticis supra flavis, subtus saturatioribus atomis fuscis. Expans. alar.
une, 44.

Preris ([puias) : with the anterior wings above rich orange, with black veins and

berder ; the posterior pair above yellow, beneath darker with brown atoms,
Expanse of the wings, 44 inches.

Syy. Papilio (Dan. Cand.) Leucippe, Mabr. Sp. Ins. 2, p. 44. Ent. Syst. IIL. 1, p. 198.
Cramer Pap. pl. 36, fig. A,C. Herbst. Pap. t. 109. Ene. Méth. 9. 119. (Pieris L.)
Boisduval Hist. Nat. Lepid. 1, 596, (Iphias L.)

Hasitar. The Island of Ambovna.

39

LEPIDOPTERA.

ANTHOCHARIS DANAK.
Plate XXVI. fig. 2.

Genus. AntHocuarts, Boisduval. (Pontia p. Horsf. Pieris p. Lne. Meth.)
Species. AnrTHocuaris Danaz: aliis rotundatis albis; anticis apice coccineis, margine
fasciaque nigris ; singulis subtus striga moniliformi punctornm subferruginea
abbreviata. Expans. alar. une. 2.
ANTHOCHARIS : with the wings rounded and white ; the anterior with a large apical
spot of red crimson-pink, surrounded with black ; beneath all the wings have
a short row of dull moniliform spots. Expanse of the wings, 2 inches.
Syy. Papilio (D. C.) Danae, Fab. Ent. Syst. III. p. 203. Syst. Ent. p. 476. Ene.
Méth. 9. 124. (Pieris D.) Boisduval Lepid. i. 570. (Anthocharis D.) Horsfield Lep.
Jav. p. 141.
Papilio Eburia, Cramer Pap. pl. 352. C, D, BE, F.
Hasirat. “India orientali,” (Fabricius). Bengal, and the Cape of Good Hope, (Boisduval).
Mysore, (Donovan).

GONIAPTERYX MARULA.
Plate X XVII. fig. 1.

Famity. Papriionip#, Leach.
Genus. Gontapreryx, Westwood. Gonepteryx, Leach, Curt, Steph. Colias, Latr. Rhodo-
cera, Boisduval Dup.
Species. GonrapTeRyx M ruta: alisangulatis flavis ; anticis supra puncto medio atro ; sin-
gulis subtus disco macula ocellari oblongo. Expans. alar. une. 3, lin 4.
GonIAPTERYX : with angulated yellow wings ; the anterior with a central black spot
on the upper side ; all the wings beneath with an oblong ocellated discoidal spot.
Expanse of the wings, 3} inches.
Syy. Papilio (Dan.) Merula, Fabricius Hnt. Syst. III. 1. p. 212. Ent. Syst. p. 479. Bois-
duval Hist. Nat. Lepid. 1, p. 600. (Rhodocera M.) Hne, Méth. 9. 89. (Colias M.)
Boisdv. et Leconte, Icon. Lep. Am. Sept. pl. 23.
Papilio Kcclipsis, Cramer pl. 129, f. A, B.

Fabricius gave ‘‘ India” as the habitat of this species, whence Donovan intro-
duced it into this work. It is now, however, well ascertained that it, as well as all
the other species of the same genus, (except the British G. Rhamni,) are inhabitants

40

LEPIDOPTERA.

of the New World. Jamaica, and Florida, are given as its true habitats by Boisduval,
and New York is added in the Encyclopédie Méthodique.

M. Boisduval’s grounds for substituting his own generic name, Rhodocera, in
preference to that of Dr. Leach, are quite untenable; Dr. Leach’s name having a
long priority over that of Latreille, employed for Noctua, Libatrix, which had also
been previously named Scoliopteryx by Germar, which name Stephens has retained.
I have been compelled, however, slightly to alter Dr. Leach’s name, to render it more
in accordance with its Greek derivatives.

PERS: J De
Plate XXVIL. fig. 2.

Species. Prerts JupiTH: alis rotundatis integerrimis ; anticis albis venis margineque postico
(albo maculato) nigris ; posticis fulvis, margine nigris. Expans. alar. une. 2—24.
Preris : with the wings entire and rounded ; the anterior white, with the veins and
posterior margin, black, the latter spotted with white ; the posterior wings
fulvous, with a black border. Expanse of the wings, 2—2} inches.
Syy. Papilio (Dan. Cand.) Judith, Yabr. Ent. Syst. TY. 1. p. 202. Boisduval Hist. Nat.
Lepid. 1. 468. Ene. Méth. 9, 121. Hubner Ziit. 669—670. (Acrea J.) Horsfield
Lep. Jav. p, 144, (Pontia J.)

Hapirat. “ Poulicandor, Mus. D. Banks.” ( Fabricius). Java, Sumatra, (Loisduval )

EATS S SIGHS er SER PAY
Plate XXVII. fig. 3.

Species. Preris Lizyruaa : alis rotundatis integerrimis albis ; anticis costa baseos apiceque,
posticis punctis marginalibus fuscis. Expans. alar. unc. 24.

Pieris ; with the wings entire, rounded, and white; the anterior having the costa
at the base and the extremity, and the posterior having several marginal spots
dark brown. Expanse of the wings, 2} inches.

Syv. Papilio (Dan. Cand.) Libythea, Fabr. Ent. Syst. IIT. 1. p. 190. Syst. Ent. p. 471.
Pieris Libitina, Hie. Méth 9.133. Boisdwval Hist. Nat. Lepid. p. 499.

The Fabrician specific name of this insect has been altered in the Encyclopédie
Méthodique, merely because the same name has been subsequently used generically for
a distinct group of Lepidoptera.

41

LEPIDOPTERA.

ANTHOCARIS EUCHARIS.
Plate XXVIL. fig. 4.

Species. AntHocarts Evcnarts: alis rotundatis integerrimis albis; anticis apice fulvis
margine nigro ; posticis immaculatis seu punctis marginalibus nigris, his infra
macula costali subferruginea. Expans. alar. une. 14.

AynTHocaris: with the wings rounded, entire, and white ; the anterior fulvous at
the tips, with a black margin ; the posterior without spots, or with small mar-
ginal black points, the latter beneath, with a small reddish costal spot. Expanse
of the wings, 14 inch,

Syy. Papilio Eucharis, Fabr. Syst. Ent. p. 472. Ent. Syst. III. 1, p. 195. Ene. Meth. 9.
124. Boisdwval Hist. Nat. Lepid. p. 568. (Anthocaris E.)
Papilio Aurora, Cramer, pl. 299, f. A, B, C, D.
Pieris Titea, Hnc. Méth. 9.124. Horsfield Lep. Jav. p. 141.

Hasitat. ‘India orientali,” (Yabricius). Coromandel, Pegu, (Boisduval).

ANTHOCARIS GENUTIA.
Plate XXVII. fig. 5.

Species. ANTHOCARIS GENUTIA: alis falcatis, integerrimis, albis; anticis apice fulvis ;
posticis punctis marginalibus nigris, subtus viridi marmoratis. Expans. alar.
une. 14.

ANTHOCARIS : with the wings entire, white; the anterior falcate, with the tip
fulvous ; the posterior with marginal black spots, and on the under side marbled
with green. LExpanse of the wings, 14 inch.

Syy. Papilio (Dan. Cand.) Genutia, Fabricius Ent. Syst. III. 1, p. 193. (nec Pap. Genutia
Cramer, pl. 206, fC, D.) Ene. Méth. 9, p. 168, (Pieris G.) p. 806, (Libythea G.)
Boisduval Hist. Nat. Lepid. 1. 565.

Mancipium vorax Medea, Hubn. Luot. Samml.
9 Pieris L’Herminieri, Hnc. Méth. 9. 167.

There appears to have been two errors committed respecting this insect. In the
first place, it is evidently very closely allied to the orange-tipped butterfly of our
country, (Anthocaris Cardamines); the palpi, as represented in this figure, are
fictitious, being elongated like those of the genus Libythea, which induced M. Godart
to place it in that genus, in the appendix to his article on the butterflies in the
Encyclopédie Méthodique. In the second place, instead of being an inhabitant of
the East Indies, as stated by Fabricius, (and on his authority introduced into this
work,) it is now known to belong to North America: a species agreeing in all

G

4.2

LEPIDOPTERA.

respects with the Fabrician insect, but with ordinary sized palpi, having been since
discovered in North America, and described in the Encyclopédie Méthodique, under

the name of Pieris L’ Herminieri.

PIERIS AMARYLLIS.
Plate XXVIII. fig. 1.

Species. Preris AMARYLUIS: alis rotundatis, integerrimis, concoloribus, obscure albis ;
anticis utrinque lunula media nigra. Expans. alar. unc. 23.

Pieris: with the wings rounded, entire, concolorous, dirty white ; the anterior
pair having asmall central black lunule visible both above and beneath. Expanse
of the wings, 2} inches.

Syn. Papilio (Dan. Cand.) Amaryllis, Pabr. Ent. Syst. TUL 1, p. 189. Enc. Méth. 9. 141.
Boisduval Hist. Nat. Lep. 1. p. 549.

M. Boisduval expresses a doubt whether this species be really an inhabitant of
the Hast Indies.

PIERIS CASTALIA.
Plate XXVIII. fig. 2.

Species. Pigris Castauta : alis integerrimis, rotundatis, albis, supra immaculatis subtus basi
flavescentibus. Expans. alar. unc. 24.
Pieris : with the wings entire, rounded, and white, without any spots above, but
with the base of the wings yellowish beneath. Expanse of the wings, 24 inches.
Syn. Papilio (Dan. Cand.) Castalia, Fabr. Ent. Syst. ITI. 1. p. 188. Enc. Meth. 9. 160.
(Pieris C.) Botsduval Hist. Nat. Lepid. p. 516.

COLIAS (CALLIDRYAS) SCYLLA.
Plate XXVIII. fig. 3.

Genus. Contras, Latreille et Godart. (Supcenvs : Callidryas, Botsduval.)
SPECIES. COoLrAs (CALLIDRYAS) ScyLLA : alis integerrimis subrotundatis, supra anticis albis
limbo nigro, posticis aurantiacis subtus omnibus nebulosis. Expans. alar. 23.
Corras (CaLLIpRYAs) : with the wings entive and rounded, above the anterior are
white, with a black posterior border, and the posterior are rich orange ; beneath
all the wings are mottled with yellowish. Expanse of the wings, 2} inches.

43

LEPIDOPTERA.

Syn. Papilio (Dan. Cand.) Scylla, Linn. Syst. Nat. 2.763. Fabr. Ent. Syst. 111, 1. p. 201.
Cramer, tab. 12, fC, D. (3) Sulzer Gesch. Ins. t. 15, f. 6. Enc. Méth. 9. 95.
Boisduval Hist. Nat. Lep. p. 631.

3d Papilio Cornelia, Mabr. Mant, 2. p. 21.
Colias Scylla, Horsfield Lep. Jav. p. 133, pl. 4. f. 6, (larva and pupa.)

The caterpillar of this very distinct species, according to Dr. Horsfield, is very
common in the eastern part of Java upon the Cassia fistula and obtusifolia. It is
extremely abundant, particularly in the early part of the rainy season, after the
renewal of the foliage of these plants. It is green, with minute black tubercles
arranged in transverse series, and with a lateral yellow line above the legs. The
chrysalis is boat-shaped, with the head pointed, but not so much elevated as some
other species of this genus.

The last three species are represented on Dolichos hgnosus.

WANG Ss Sean CHANCE NT AS
Plate X XIX. fig. 1.

Sprcies. Vanessa Cacta: alis angulato-dentatis, anticis nigris basi purpureis macula magna
transversa fulva, posticis fuscis strigis duabus submarginalibus. Expans. alar.
une. 24.
Vanessa: with the wings angulato-dentated, the anterior black, with the basal
portion purple, and with a large transverse orange spot ; the posterior brown
with two submarginal black lines. Expanse of the wings, 2} inches.

Syn. Papilio (Nymphalis) Cacta, Fabr. Ent. Syst. IIL. 1, p. 116. Enc. Méth. 9. 309.

Originally described by Fabricius from the collection and drawings of Mr. Jones,
from which Donovan most probably also obtained the present figure.

NYMPHALIS OCTAVIUS.
Plate XXIX. fig. 2.

Species. NyMPHALIs Ocravius: alis nigris, fascia lata communi viridi, antice abbreviata,
posticis caudatis ; subtus griseis striga fusca. Expans. alar. unc. 24.
NympHALis : with black wings, a broad green bar running across them, not extend-
ing to the anterior margin of the anterior pair ; posterior pair tailed ; beneath
grey with a brown streak. Expanse of the wings, 24 inches.
G 2

AA,

LEPIDOPTERA.

Syn. Papilio (N.) Octavius, abr. Hnt. Syst. II. 1. p. 73. (nec P. Octavia, p. 120.) Hne.
Méth. 9. 368. (Nymphalis D.)

Fabricius gave India as the habitat of this species, but im the Encyclopédie
Méthodique it is said to be from South America, being in that work doubtfully
regarded as the female of the Brazilian species Nymphalis Iphis of Humboldt and
Bonpland’s voyage, which is therein considered as identical with the Papilio (N.)
Morvus of Fabricius, by whom also India is given as the habitat of the last-named
species.

NYMPHALIS (CHARAXES) ATHAMAS.
Plate XXIX. fig. 3.

Genus. Nympuatts, Latrei/le. Papilio, (Nymphalis p.) Fubricius. (Supcenus: Charaxes,
Boisduval. Jasia, Swainson.)

Species. NympHais (CHARAXES) ATHAMAS: alis supra nigris, utrinque fascia media lata
glauca subhyalina, subtus lunulis ferrugineis marginata. Expans. alar. unc. 3.

Nympuauis: with the wings above black, on each side with a broad central

glaucous subhyaline bar, which on the underside is margined with ferruginous
lunules. Expanse of the wings, 3 inches.

Syy. Papilio (Hquit. Ach.) Athamas, Drury, vol. 1, pl. 2, fig. 4. Cramer Pap. pl. 89,

JC, D. Ene. Méth. 9. 353. (Nymphalis A.)
Papilio Pyrrhus, Donovan, 1st edit. (excl. Syn. Linn.)

MORPHO MENETHO.
Plate XXX. fig. 1.
Genus. Moreno, Fabricius, Latreille, Godart.
a) : . . esse: nd . .
Species. Morpno Meneruo : alis dentatis fuscis, strigis duabus submarginalibus macularum
flavarum, subtus flavescentibus, fasciis duabus fuscis. Expans. alar. une. 34.
Morpuo: with brown dentated wings, and with two rows of submarginal yellow

spots, beneath yellowish with two’ brown fascie.

Expanse of the wings,
ae
34 inches.

Syy. Papilio (Nymph.) Menetho, Fabr. Ent. Syst. III. 1, p. 83. Ene. Méth. 9. 446.

This insect is nearly allied to Morpho Tullia, Fabricius. The present figure does
not precisely agree with the Fabrician description; but as both were, in all proba-
bility, derived from the same source, Mr. Jones’s

collection of drawings, there can
be but little doubt upon their identity.

45

LEPIDOPTERA.

HIPPARCHIA? ARCESILAUS.
Plate XXX. fig. 2.

Genus. Huirparcuia, Fabricius. Satyrus, Latreille, Godart.

Species. Hrpparcuta? ArcestLaus: alis integerrimis, supra ferrugineis immaculatis, subtus
fuscis strigis duabus obscurioribus. Expans. alar. unc. 21.
Hiprarcuia? with entire wings, above ferruginous immaculate, beneath brown
with two darker parallel streaks. Expanse of the wings, 2} inches.

Syx, Papilio (Nymph.) Arcesilaus, Fabr. Hnt. Syst. III. 1. p. 153. Ene. Méth. 9. 497.
(Satyrus? A.) (nec Pap. Arcesilaus, Cramer, pl. 294.)

Hasirat. “Siam, Mus. Dom. Banks,” (fabricius).

Fabricius is silent regarding the submarginal row of white dots represented in

this figure.

NYMPHALIS ORSIS.
9 Plate XXX. fig. 3.

Species. NympwHa.is: alis nigris, (in mare ceruleo micantibus) strigis tribus macularibus,
posticis striga marginali cerulea. Expans. alar. unc. 24.
NympHatis: with the wings black, (in the male shining blue) with three transverse
rows of white spots, and with a submarginal blue streak on the posterior wings.
Expanse of the wings, 24 inches.
Syy. Papilio (Nymph. Phal.) Orsis, Drury llustr. vol. 3, pl. 16, f. 3.
Papilio (N.) Orsis, Fabr. Ent. Syst. VII. 1. p. 124.8. Lne. Meth. 9. 381.
Papilio (N.) Blandina, fab. nt. Syst. TIL. 1. p. 129.9. Donovan, 1st edit.

This Brazilian insect was probably introduced into this work in consequence of
the vague expression of Fabricius, ‘ Habitat in Indiis,” which was applied not only
to N. Blandina, (or the female), but also to N. Orsis, (or the male.)

NYMPHALIS LIBERIA.
Plate XXX. fig. 4.

Nympnaris Lizerta: alis dentatis, supra fulvis, anticarum arca apicis obscura ;
posticis supra puncto atro, subtus tribus ocellaribus. Expans. alar. unc. 2.

NympuHatis: with the wings dentated, above fulvous, the anterior with a dark

SPECIES.

46

LEPIDOPTERA.

coloured curved mark near the tips, the posterior with a single black dot above,
and with three ocellated spots beneath. Expanse of the wings, 2 inches.

Syy. Papilio (Nymph.) Liberia, Fabr. Hnt. Syst. IIL. 1. p. 135. Ene. Méth. 9. 375.

The same observation may be applied to this South American species as to the
last,—Stoll, who investigated the transformations of many of the Lepidoptera of
Guiana, having described its preparatory states. The caterpillar is of a dark green
colour, with the head blue, and the legs and anal fork yellow. It is armed with
black branching spines, of which the two anterior ones are by far the longest. The
chrysalis is elongated, with the head bifid, and of a green colour. It appears to be a
very variable species, as the Papilio Agatha and Merione of Fabricius, P. Laothoe
of Herbst, and P. Ariadne of Cramer, are referred to it in the Encyclopédie
Méthodique.

NYMPHALIS ? PHEGEA.
Plate XX XI, fig. 1.

Specres. Nympaaris? PuHecea: alis dentatis fuscis, nigro undatis, anticis fascia maculari,
posticis disco ferrugineo aut albo ; subtus pallidioribus. Expans. alar. unc. 33.
Nympuauis? with the wings dentated, brown, with numerous black waves ; the
anterior with a row of spots, and the disc of the posterior wings of a ferruginous
or white colour ; beneath the wings are paler, and the black waves more distinct.
Expanse of the wings, 3} inches.
Syy. Papilio (N.) Phegea, abr. Lnt. Syst. III. 1. p. 132. Ene. Méth. 9. 406, (Nympha-
lus? P.)

NYMPHALIS FATIMA.
Plate XX XI. fig. 2.

Species. Nympnais Fatima: alis atris, fascia communi flava, posticarum abbreviata ;
anticis punctis quatuor flavis subapicalibus ; posticis maculis rubris mediis, sub-
caudatis. Expans. alar. une. 24.

Nymenatis : with the wings black, having a yellow bar running across them, which
is abbreviated in the posterior pair; the anterior having also four subapical
yellow spots, and the posterior several red spots in the middle, the latter slightly
tailed. Expanse of the wings, 2) inches,

47

LEPIDOPTERA.

Syy. Papilio (Nymph.) Fatima, Fabr. Ent. Syst. 111. l.p. 81. Hne. Méth. 9. 375, (Nym-
phalis F.)

Fabricius gives the habitat of this species “in Indiis,” with the observation, that
it is of the figure of the South American Papilio Iphicla. COrirys le pl. VA p38, Any
Hence I think it most probable that the term must be considered to signify the West
Indies, or South America, and that the species is incorrectly introduced into the
present work.

ARGYNNIS THYELIA.
Plate XXXT. fig. 3.

Genus. Aroyyyis, Fabricius, Latreille, Godart. ArGyreEus, Scop.

Species. Areynnis THyeria : alis subrotundatis subdentatis, supra fulvis extimo maculisque
nigris ; posticis subius pallide testaceis fascia alba, transversa, media, punctis
duobus baseos roseis nigroque cinctis. Expans. alar, 24 une,

ArGyynIs : with the wings rather rounded and dentate, above fulvous, with the
tip and several spots black ; the posterior beneath pale brick red, with a white
bar across the middle, and with two crimson basal spots, bordered with black.
Expanse of the wings, 2} inches.

Syy. Papilio (N.) Thyelia, Fabr. Ent, Syst. TIT. 1. p. 142. Ene. Méth. 9. 257.
(Argynnis T.)

JIU Te IS! INP IDR O),
Plate XXXII. fig. 1.

Species. Preris Nero: alis integerrimis, anticis elongato-trigonis, sanguineis, margine parum
fuscescente, subtus aurantiis ; posticis strigis duobus fuscis fere obsoletis. Expans.
alar. unc. 3.

Pieris: with the wings entire, the anterior elongate-trigonate, sanguineous, with
the nerves and margin brownish, beneath orange ; the posterior wings with
two nearly obsolete streaks. Hxpanse of the wings, 3 inches.

Syy. Papilio (Nymph.) Nero, Fabricius Hnt. Syst. IIT. 1. p. 153. Ene. Méth. 9. 805,
Supp. (Pieris N.) Boisduval Hist. Nat. Lepid. 1. 485.
Pieris Thyria, Hne. Méth. 9,147. Guerin Icon. R. An. Ins. pl. 77, f. 1. Horsfield,
Zool. Juur. vol. 4, pl. 4, f. 2.
‘Hasitat. “In Asia, Mus. Britann.” (Fabricius). Java, (Horsfield, Boisduvat).

48

LEPIDOPTERA.

NYMPHALIS GNIDIA.
Plate XXXII. fig. 2.

Sprcres, NymPHatis Gyrpra: alis dentatis testaceis ; ‘anticis apice fuscis fascia media
punctisque subapicalibus albis ; posticis striga fulva, lunulis nigris. Expans.
alar. une. 23.
NyMpHatis : with the wings dentated testaceous ; the anterior with the extremity
brown, with a white central fascia, and several subapical white spots ; the
posterior with a submarginal fulvous band with black lunules. Expanse of
the wings, 24 inches.
Syn. Papilio (N.) Gnidia, Pabr. Ent. Syst. ILI. 1, p. 137. Ene. Méth. 9. 386% (Nympha
lis G. 4)

Hazrrat. “In Indiis,” (abricius).

Described by Fabricius from the collection and drawings of Mr. Jones, which
also, in all probability, supplied the accompanying figure.

Bie bs) VAR BATS:
Plate XXXII. fig. 3.

GENUS. Brsuts, Fabricius, Latreille, Godart. Papilio, Donovan.

Species. Brewis Hrargas : alis dentatis, fuscis ; fascia utrinque communi alba, posticarum
latiore, anticarum abbreviata ; marginibus lunulis rufis. Expans. alar, une. 23.
Bris : with the wings dentated, brown, with a white fascia running through the
wings both above and beneath ; being narrower and abbreviated in the anterior
pair; the margins of the wings with red lunules. Expanse of the wings,
2 inches,
Syy. Papilio (N.) Hiarbas, Drury Illustr. vol. 3, pl. 14. Pabr. Ent. Syst. II. 1, p. 128.
(Papilio (N.) Hiarba). Ene. Méth. 9. 824. (Biblis Hiarba.)

Drury, to whom Fabricius was indebted for his knowledge of this species, states
that he received it from Sierra Leone.

Fabricius, however, gave his usual vague
locality, ‘‘ In Indiis,”’

upon which authority Donovan introduced it into this work.
it is, however, a widely distributed African insect, being found in the country of the

Hottentots, (Hine. Méth.) and having been received by me from the Cape of Good
Hope.

49
LEPIDOPTERA.

NWOME Ee AS Se sas,
Plate XX XIII. fig. 1.

Spectres. Nymvnaris Ists: alis fusco-nigris, anticis integris, utrinque macula disci cherme-
sina; posticis dentatis supra striga marginali albida; omnibus subtus viridi-
lineatis. Expans. alar. unc. 24.

NyMPHatis : with blackish brown wings ; the anterior entire with a large discoidal
sanguineous spot; the posterior dentated, with a whitish marginal streak ; all
the wings beneath with green lines. Expanse of the wings, 24 inches.

Syy. Papilio (Dan. Fest.) Isis, Drury, vol. 3, pl. 7, f.1, 2. Fab. Ent. Syst. ILI. 1. p. 124.
Enc. Méth. 9. 421. (Nymphalis I.)

The Fabrician expression, ‘‘ In Indis,”’ indicating the habitat of this species, has
evidently again induced our author to give this insect a place in these Ilustrations.
That it is an inhabitant of Brazil, we have the authority both of Drury and the
Encyclopédie Méthodique.

NYMPHALIS PHORCYS.
Plate XX XIII. fig. 2.

Spectes. NympHatis Puorcys: alis dentato-subcaudatis, supra fuscis immaculatis, subtus
obscurius strigosis ; posticis punctis duobus cinereis, Expans. alar. une. 23.
Nympuatis: with the wings dentate, slightly tailed, the upper side brown immacu-
late, beneath with several obscure slender streaks ; the posterior also with two
ashy-coloured spots. Expanse of the wings, 2? inches.

Syy. Papilio (N.) Phoreys, Fabr. Ent. Syst. III. 1. p. 80. Ene. Méth. 9. 372.

NYMPHALIS ERIBOTES.
Plate XX XIII. fig. 3.

Species. Nyspwais Errpores: alis subcaudatis, fulvis aut ferrugineis, basi violaceo mican-
tibus, subtus griseis. Expans. alar. unc. 2}.

NympHa.is ; with the wings slightly tailed, above fulvous or ferruginous, with the
base shining with violet or purple; all the wings beneath greyish. Expanse of
the wings, 2 inches.

Syn. Papilio (N.) Eribotes, Vabr. Syst. Ent. p. 484, Ent. Syst. III. 1. p. 73. Ene. Méth.
9. 316, (Nymphalis E.)
H

50

LEPIDOPTERA.

Papilio Leonida, Cramer, pl. 338, f. C, D. Stoll Suppl. Cramer, pl. 6, f. 2, A, B.
(larva et pupa.)

Fabricius described this insect from the collection of Dr. Hunter, now belonging
to the University of Glasgow, and gave its habitat “ In India.” It is, however, a
native of Guiana, in South America, Stoll having reared it from the caterpillar state
in that country. The caterpillar is black, with short hairs, and a great number of
white dots. The chrysalis is short, without angular projections, of a grey colour,
and is found suspended by its tail from the twigs of the shrubs upon which the larva
had been nourished. In the description given in the Encyclopédie Méthodique, the
anal angle of the posterior wings 1s described as being ornamented with four or five
small black and white spots, of which no mention is made by Fabricius, nor are they
indicated in the accompanying figure.

NYMPHALIS ISIDORE.
Plate XX XIII. fig. 4.

Species, NvympHaris Istwore: alis anticis falcatis, posticis caudatis ; omnibus fulvis, anticis
punctis duobus mediis pallidis, macula costali apiceque fuscis. Expans. alar.
une. 3.

Nympuauis: with the anterior wings falcate, the posterior tailed ; all the wings
above fulvous, the anterior with two pale spots on the middle, and with a costal
spot, and the extremity brown. Expanse of the wings, 3 inches.

Syn. Papilio Isidore, Cramer Pap. pl. 235, fig. A, B, H, F. Herbst. Pap. t. 150, f 1, 2.
Enc, Méth. 9. 371. (Nymphalis I.)

Fabricius again uses the expression ‘‘ In Indiis,” to designate the habitat of this
species, which, in the Encyclopédie Méthodique is stated to be an inhabitant of Guiana
and Brazil.

CETHOSIA CYDIPPE.
3 Plate XXXIV. fig. 1.
Genus. Cerrnosta, Labricius, Latreille, Godart.

Species. CrrHosia Cypipre: alis dentatis, basi rufis, apice nigris, lunulis subapicalibus serie
duplici digestis albis ; anticis fascia lata abbreviata pone medium ; subtus basi
testaceis nigro ceruleoque variis. Expans. alar. unc. 44.
CeTHosIA: with the wings dentated, the base red, and the tips black, with white
lunules arranged in a double series within the exterior margins; the anterior

51

LEPIDOPTERA.

having also a broad short white fascia beyond the middle ; beneath at the base
testaceous, with black and blue markings. Expanse of the wings, 4} inches.
Syy. Papilio Cydippe, Linn. Syst. Nat. 2. 776. abr. Ent. Syst. TIL. 1. p. 112. Clerck
Icon. tab. 36, f. 1. Herbst. Pap. t. 245, f. 4, 5.
Papilio Iris, Cramer Pap. pl. 62, fig. A, B.
Hapirat. “In India,” (Linneus.) In China, (ne. Méth.)

NYMPHALIS DIRCE.
Plate XXXIV. fig. 2.

Species. Nympuatis Dirce: alis fuscis, anticis utrinque fascia flava ; subtus omnibus albido
nigroque striatis ; posticis angulatis. Expans. alar. unc. 2—3.

NyYMPHALIS : with the wings brown, the anterior on both sides with a broad oblique
yellow band ; beneath all the wings striped with pale buff and brownish black ;
the posterior wings angulated. Expanse of the wings, 2 to 3 inches.

Syy. Papilio Dirce, Linn. Syst. Nat. 2. 778. Cramer, pl. 212, f. C, D. Stoll Suppl.

Cramer, pl. 2, f. 3, A, B, 4, A, B. Fabr. Ent. Syst. IIT. 1. p. 123. Ene. Meth.

9. 371, (Nymphalis D.)

Linneus and Fabricius state of this species, ‘“‘ Habitat in Indus.’ It is, how-
ever, an inhabitant of Guiana and Brazil, Stoll having reared it in that country; the

caterpillar is black.

NYMPHALIS EURINOME.

Plate XXXIV. fig. 3.

Species. Nympxauis Eurinome: alis subdentatis, nigris, maculis permultis posticarumque
disco baseos albis. Expans. alar. unc. 33,
NyMpHALis : with the wings slightly dentate, black, with a considerable number of
spots, and the basal disc of the posterior wings white. Expanse of the wings,
34 inches.
Syn. Papilio Eurinome, Cramer Pap. tab. 70, fig. A. Pabr. Ent. Syst. IT. 1. p. 57. Ene.
Meéth. 9, 398.
Hasirat. In India orientali.

H 2

ir

OQ

LEPIDOPTERA.

NYMPHALIS HIPPONA.

Plate XX XV. fig. 1.

Spectres. Nyspwauis Hippona: alis supra nigris; anticis fulvo flavoque variis ; posticis
caudatis, basi fulvo, apice nigro stviga marginali lunularum albarum. Expans.
alar. unc. 4.
Nympuauis: with the wings black above ; the anterior varied with fulvous and
yellow ; the posterior with a long tail, the base fulvous, the apex black, with a
row of marginal white lunules. Expanse of the wings, 4 inches.
Syx. Papilio (N.) Hippona, Fabr. Sp. Ins. 2, p. 54. Ene. Méth. 9. 362. Drury Lllustr.
(2nd edit.) vol. 3, p. 21.
Papilio (N.) Fabius, Cramer Pap. pl. 90, fig. C, D. Stoll Suppl. Cramer, pl. 2, f. 1,
14,1B,10. Drury Ilustr. (1st edit.) vol. 3, pl. 16, f 1, 2.

Fabricius erroneously gave ‘“‘ India” as the habitat of this curious insect, which
induced Donovan to introduce it into this work. It is, however, a native of Guiana
and Brazil. Its transformations have been observed by Stoll, who has figured the
insect in its different states, as above referred to. The caterpillar is dark green, with
a black dorsal line and lateral black spots; the head is armed with two short obtuse
spines. It feeds only by night, concealing itself by day in a rolled-up leaf; the
chrysalis is short and thick, without angular projections.

CETHOSIA CYANE.
Plate XXXYV. fig. 2.

Species, CrrHosta Cyan: alis dentatis, nigris, linea tenuissima angulata submarginali,
anticis fascia, posticis disco (nigro-punctato) albis. Expans. alar. une. 33.
Cernosia : with the wings dentate, black, with a very slender angulated line
running within the posterior margin of the wings, the anterior having a fascia,
and the posterior the disc white, the latter spotted black. Expanse of the wings,
34 inches.
Syn. Papilio (N. P.) Cyane, Drury, App. vol. 2, 1st edit. Herbst. Pap. tab. 248, f. 3, 4.
Cramer Pap. pl. 295, f. C, D. Fabr. Ent. Syst. LIL. 1, p. WLS.

Nasirar. Bengal, (Drury). India, (Labricius),

3

Or

LEPIDOPTERA.

NYMPHALIS CAINOBITA.
Plate XXXYV. fig. 3.

Species. Nymprnanis Cmnopira : alis dentatis, nigris, anticis stria maculisque, posticis supra
fascia alba; subtus albis, fasciis quatuor maculisque marginalibus fuscis. Expans.
alar. une, 23.

Nympuatis : with the wings dentate, black ; the anterior with a broad band, and
numerous spots and lunules of white ; the posterior above with a white fascia ;
beneath white with four fascie, and marginal spots of brown. Expanse of the
wings, 24 inches.

Syn. Papilio (N.) Cznobita, Fabr. Ent. Syst. ILI. 1. p. 247. Ene. Méth. 9. 433. (Nym-

phalis C.)

Hasirat. “In Indiis,” (Fabricius).

NYMPHALIS (ACONTHEA) COCALIA.
Plate XXXVI. fig. 1.

Genus. Nympnatis, Latreille, Godart. (Suscenus: Aconthea, Horsjield.)
Species. NympuHaris (AconTHEA) Coca. : alis dentatis, fuscis ; anticis nigro flavoque ma-
culatis ; subtus omnibus griseis striga punctorumalborum. Expans. alar. une. 3.
NympHatis (AcoNTHEA) : with the wings dentated, brown; the anterior varied
with black and buff spots ; beneath all the wings are grey, with a row of white
spots. Expanse of the wings, 3 inches.
Syy. Papilio (N.) Cocalia, Fabr. Ent. Syst. ILL. 1. p. 250. Ene. Méth. 9. 405. (Nymphalis
C.) nee Papilio Cocala, Herbst. et Cramer.

HIPPARCHIA BALDUS.
Plate XXXVI. fig. 2.

Species. HipparcuiA Batpus: alis integerrimis, fuscis, subtus cinereo undatis ; anticis
utrinque ocello magno pupilla gemina ; posticis supra ocellis quatuor, subtus sex.
Expans. alar. unc. 14.

Hipparcuia: with the wings entire, brown, beneath with grey waves; the an-
terior on each side with a large ocellus, having a double pupil; the posterior
above, with four, beneath with six eyelets. Expanse of the wings, 14 inch.

Syn. Papilio (Satyrus) Baldus, Fabr. Syst. Hnt TIL. 1. p. 223. Ene. Méth. 9. 551. (Saty-
rus B.)
Papilio Lysandra, Cramer, pl. 293, fig. G, HZ.

oA

LEPIDOPTERA.

VANESSA SOPHIA.
Plate XXXVI. fig. 3.
Species. Vanessa Sopuia : alis denticulatis, anticis subfalcatis, posticis rotundatis, omnibus
supra fulvo, nigro, flavidoque variis, limbo fusco nigro punctata, lunulis postica-
rum albis. Expans, alar. unc. 13—2.
Vanessa: with the wings denticulated, the anterior subfalcate, the posterior
rounded above ; all the wings are varied with fulvous, black, and buff, with a
broad brown border with black spots, and with submarginal white lunules in
the posterior wings. Expanse of the wings, 14 to 2 inches.

Syn. Papilio (Satyrus) Sophia, fabr. Ent. Syst. III. 1. p. 248. Hne. Méth. 9. 823.

Fabricius described this species from the collection of Mr. Drury, and the draw-
ings of Mr. Jones, with the habitat ‘In Indiis.”’ In the Encyclopédie Méthodique,
the western coast of Africa is stated to be its native country.

NYMPHALIS AUGE.
Plate XXXVI. fig. 4.

Species. Nympaauis Auce: alis dentatis, fuscis; anticis fasciis tribus viridibus ; posticis
fulvis serie submarginali punctorum nigrorum. Expans. alar. une. 13.
Nympuatis : with the wings dentated, brown ; the anterior with three greenish
fascie, the posterior fulvous with a submarginal row of black spots. Expanse of
the wings, 18 inch.

Syy. Papilio (Satyrus) Auge, Fabr. Hnt. Syst. IIT. 1. p. 248. Enc. Wéth. 9. 387.

This insect is also stated by Fabricius to have been in the collection of Mr. Drury,
and figured by Mr. Jones, and the habitat is also given “In Indiis.” From its near
relationship, however, with N. Sophia and N. Doriclea, both of which are inhabitants
of western tropical Africa, I have little doubt that N. Auge is from that quarter of
the globe, and not from either of the Indies.

NYMPHALIS PERIANDER.
Plate XX XVII. fig. 1.

Specres. Nympnauis PErranper : alis utringue albis, strigis sex flavescentibus, margine
postico fusco albo strigoso ; posticis caudatis. Expans. alar. une. 1}.

55

LEPIDOPTERA.

Nynpgatts : with the wings on both sides white with six yellow stripes, posterior
margin brown with white lines ; posterior wings tailed. Expanse of the wings,
1} inch.
Syn. Papilio (N.) Periander, Fabr. Ent. Syst. IIT. 1. p. 67. Enc. Méth. 9. 362. (Nympha-
lis P.) Horsfield Lep. Jaw. pl. 5, f. 3, and 3 a. (Paphia 121))
Hasitar. Mysore, (Donovan). Java, (Enc. Meth.)

ERYCINA (ZEMEROS) ALLICA.
Pl. XXXVILI. fig, 2.

Famity. Lycxnips, Leach.

Genus. Erycina, Fabricius, Latreille, Godart. (Suscenus: Zemeros, Boisduval.)

Species. Erycrna (Zemeros) Auuica : alis denticulatis obscure fulvis, punctis, nigris nume-
rosis, albo, foetis, Expans. alar. unc. 1}.

Erycina (ZEMEROS) : with denticulated wings of an obscure fulvous colour, with
numerous black spots, accompanied with smaller white ones. Expanse of the
wings, 14 inch.

Syy. Papilio (S.) Allica, Fabr. Ent. Syst. III. 1. p. 244. Ene. Méth. 9. 567. (Hrycina A.)
Boisduval Hist. Nat. Lepid. 1. pl. 21, fig. 5. (Zemeros A.)
Hasitat. Siam, (Fabricius). China, Bengal, Java, (Zinc. Méth.)

NYMPHALIS ANCAIAS.
g Pl. XXXVIL fig. 3.

Species. Nympuatis AncmAS: alis supra atris (¢), aut fuscis, (9) ; anticarum fascia cyanea
obliqua, posticarum (¢) macula magna discoidali rufa ; subtus viridibus, posti-
carum strigis tribus ferrugineis. Expans. alar. unc. 2}.

NyMPHALIs : with the wings above black in the male, or brown in the female ; the
anterior with a broad oblique cyaneous or green bar, the posterior in the male
with a large discoidal red spot ; beneath green, the posterior with three ferru-
gineous streaks. Expanse of the wings, 2} inches.

Syy. g Papilio (N.) Ancea, Linn. Syst. Nat..2. 781. Fabr. Ent. Syst. IL. p. 154. Ene.

Méth. 9.409. Cramer Pap. pl. 338, fig. C, D.

Papilio Obrinus, Donovan, 1st edit.
@ Papilio (N.) Obrinus, Linn. Syst. Nat. 2. p. 776. Fabr. Ent. Syst. III. 1. p. 154.

Cramer Pap. pl. 49, fig. 2, F. Stoll Suppl. Cramer, pl. 6. f. 5.

Stoll, by rearing this insect in Guiana, clearly proved not only the incorrectness
of the old habitat assigned to it of India, but also that the two Linnean species,

56

LEPIDOPTERA.

P. Ancea and Obrinus, were the sexes of the same species. The caterpillar,
according to the first named author, is green, with a lateral line, the head ferrugi-
nous, and armed with two branching spines; its back is also armed with shorter
spines. The chrysalis is grey, and is suspended by the tail.

HIPPARCHIA CRANTOR.
Pl. XXXVIL. fig. 4.

Species. Huipparcuia Crantor : alis integerrimis, fuscis ; supra anticis immaculatis ; posticis
ocello unico bipupillato ; subtus quinque, primo quartoque bipupillato. Expans.
alar. une. 12.
Hiprarcuia : with the wings entire, brown ; the anterior immaculate above, the
posterior with a single ocellus with two pupils; beneath with five ocelli, the
first and fourth having two pupils. Expanse of the wings, 12 inch.

Syy. Papilio, (N.) Crantor, Fabr. Hnt. Syst. III. 1. p. 158. “ne: Meth. 9. 488. (Saty-
rus C.)
Hasitat. “India,” Fabricius. Brazil, (Hne. Meth.)

NYMPHALIS LIRISSA.
Pl. XXXVII. fig. 5.

Species. Nympnauis Lirissa: alis subdentatis, cinereis, fusco undatis ; anticis fascia alba ;
posticis punctis quatuor ocellaribus albis, Expans. alar. unc. 13.

Ny»puauis: with the wings slightly dentated, cinereous, with brown waves; the
anterior with a white bar, and the posterior with four white eyelets. Expanse
of the wings, 1? inch.

Syy. Nymphalis Lirissa, Zne. Méth. 9. 406.
Papilio (8.) Liria, Fabr. Ent. Syst. IIT. 1, p. 239, (nec Papilio (N.) Livia, Fabr. Ent.
Syst. III. 1. p. 126.)
Hasirat. “In Indiis,” (Fabricius.) Brazil, (Linc. Meth.)

THECLA ISOCRATES.
OP IDE O-O:QiANNi si 1,

Famity. Lyczyipx, Leach, Stephens.

Genus. Turcia, Fabricius. (Syst. Gloss.) Polyommatus p. Latreille, Godart. Cupido
p. Schrank.

57

LEPIDOPTERA.

Species. Tuecta Isocrates: alis supra fuscis, (¢ ceruleo-micantibus, ? macula fulva) ;
posticis (2) macula submarginali; subtus cinereis, litura gemina strigaque
duplici nigricantibus, anguloque ani ocellis duobus. Expans. alar, unc. 13.
Tuecta : with the wings above brown, in the male shining blue, in the female with
a fulvous patch ; the posterior in the female with a submarginal eyelet ; beneath
cinereous, with a double mark and double streak of blackish, the anal angle with
two eyelets. Expanse of the wings, 13 inch.
Syy. Papilio (H. R.) Isocrates, Fabr. Lnt. Syst. III. 1. p. 266. Enc. Méth. 9. 633.
Papilio (H. R.) Pann, Fabr. Ent. Syst. II. 1. p. 276. Donovan, 1st edit. (nec Thecla
Pan,) Drury, 2. pl. 23, fig. 3, 4.
Hapirar. India, (Fabricius). Bengal, (Enc. Méth. 9.)

THECLA PINDARUS.
Plate XX XVIII. fig. 2.
Species. Tuecia Pinparus: alis subtricaudatis, supra ceruleis, limbo atro; subtus fuscis
argenteo fulvoque maculatis, Expans. alar. unc. 1}.

THECLA: with three short tails; wings above blue with a black border, beneath
varied with silvery and fulvous bars. Expanse of the wings, 14 inch.

Syy. Hesperia (R.) Pindarus, Pabr. Hnt. Syst. III. 1. p. 262.
Polyommatus Vulcanus (var. 9) Enc. Méth. 9. 644.

Donovan observes that “ Fabricius describes this beautiful insect as a native of
India, and for its figure refers only to the original drawings of W. Jones, Esq. We
have ascertained the species from those drawings, collated with the manuscript in the
hand-writing of Fabricius, and on this authority give it a place in our selection of
Indian insects.”

I have hesitated in adopting the opinion of the editors of the Encyclopédie
Méthodique, that this is an extraordinary variety of Thecla Vulcanus.

THECLA VULCANUS.
Plate XX XVIII. fig. 3.

Sugpcenus. Awmpiypopta, Horsfield.

Species. Tuecra (A.) Vuxcanus: alis bicaudatis, supra fuscis ; anticis fasciis quatuor,
posticis margine fulvis, subtus strigis fulvis argenteisque variegatis. Expans.
alar. une. 1}.

Tuxcra (A.): with the wings with two tails, above brown ; the anterior with four
short unequal transverse waved bars, and the posterior with the margin fulvous,
beneath varied with fulvous and silvery bars. Expanse of the wings, 1} inch.
I

58

LEPIDOPTERA.

Syy. Hesperia (R.) Vulcanus, Fabr. Ent. Syst. III. 1. p. 264. Ene. Méth. 9. 644. Poly-
ommatus V. @. Horsfield Lep. Jav. p. 106, (Amblypodia V.)
Papilio Etolus, Cramer, pl. 208, f #, L.

Donovan states that the accompanying figures represent the male insect, the
female being rather larger, with the colours on the underside more obscure, and the
silvery stripes broader. The authors of the Encyclopédie Méthodique describe the
male as possessing a shining violet tinge on the upper side, whence the accompanying
ficures must be females, and the supposed female rather a dark variety of their sex.

THECLA CHITON.
Plate XX XIX. fig. 1.

Sprcres. Tuecta Curton: alis ceruleis, limbo fusco ; posticis tricaudatis, (interno parvo)
striga marginali alba ; subtus flavescenti-albis, nigroque fasciatis. Expans. alar.
12 une.
TueEcLa: with the wings blue, with a black border ; the posterior with three tails,
the interior very short, and with a submarginal white line; beneath yellowish
white, with black bars. Expanse of the wings, 12 inch.

Syy. Hesperia (R.) Chiton, Fabr. Hné. Syst. IIT. 1. p. 262.
Papilio Silenus, Cramer Ins. t. 282, f. C, D.
Papilio Agis, Drury, 1st edit. vol. 3, pl. 26, f. 3, 4.
Papilio (PI. Urb.) Phaleros? Zinn. Syst. Nat. 2. 796. Ene. Méth. 9. 629, (Polyom-
matus Ph.)

Hapsirat. India, (Linneus, Fabricius). Brazil, (Drury). Surinam, (Hne. Meth.)

In the Encyclopédie Méthodique this figure, and that of Drury, (vol. 3, pl. 26.)
are considered as the Papilio Phaleros of Linnzus. The insect here represented is a
male, according to the distinctions given in the Encyclopédie, but it has not the large
orbicular brown spot near the middle of the anterior wings, so that it is, perhaps,
doubtful whether the P. Phaleros, Linneus, and the P. Chiton, Fabricius, be really
identical, as Donovan had suggested.

THECLA HERODOTUS.
Plate XXXTX. fig. 2.

Srecres. Turcta Heroporus : alis caudatis, cwruleis, subtus viridibus ; posticis striga sub-
marginali punctorum, extus alborum et intus nigroruam, Expans. alar. 14 une.

59

LEPIDOPTERA.

Tarcta : with the wings tailed, above blue, beneath green ; the posterior pair with a

submarginal row of dots, white without and black within. Expanse of the wings,
: 1} inch.
Syy. Hesperia (R.) Herodotus, Fabr. Ent. Syst. III. 1. p. 286. Ene. Méth. 9.641, (Poly-

ommatus H.)

Papilio Amyntor, Cramer, pl. 48, fig. £.

@ Papilio Eryx, Linn. Mantissa, 1. 537. Labr. Ent. Syst. TIL. 1. p. 283.

Papilio Menalcas, Cramer, pl. 259, fig. A, B.

Hasitar. ‘In Indiis,” (Fabricius). Surinam, (Znc. Méth.)

THECLA PYTHAGORAS.
Plate XX XIX. fig. 3.

Species. THEcta PytHacoras: alis tricaudatis, atris, disco fulvo, lunulisque submargi-
nalibus ; posticarum fulvis ; subtus nigris albo variis fasciaque media alba, punc-
tisque duobus irroratis ad angulum ani. Expans. alar. unc. 1}.

THEcLA: with the wings three-tailed, black, with the disc of each fulvous; the
posterior with submarginal fulvous spots; beneath black varied with white ;
with a white central bar, and with two eyes at the anal angle. Expanse of the
wings, 14 inch.

Syy. Hesperia (R.) Pythagoras, Yabr. Ent. Syst. III. 1. p. 259. Hine. Meth. 9. 619, (Poly-
ommatus P.)
Var. (caudis mutilis) Hesperia (R.) Juba, Labr. Ent. Syst. III. 1. p. 314.

Fabricius states the habitat of Pythagoras to be “ In Indiis,” but that of Juba,
which is a variety of the same species, with the tails broken off, to be Sierra Leone.
In the Encyclopédie Méthodique, the western coast of Africa is given as the habitat
of Pythagoras.

POLYOMMATUS FLORUS.
Plate KX XIX. fig. 4.

Genus. Ponyommatus, Latreille.

Species. Poryommatus Frorvs: alis integerrimis, fulvis, margine nigro ; anticis supra punc-
tis duobus; subtus omnibus basi punctis plurimis nigris. Expans. alar. une. 1.

Potyommatus: with the wings entire, fulvous, with a slender black margin ; the

anterior above with two black spots ; beneath all the wings at the base spotted
with black. Expanse of the wings, 1 inch,

Syn. Hesperia (R.) Florus, Fabr, Ent. Syst. IIL 1. p. 310.

Hapitat. “In Indiis,” (Fabricius).

12

60

LEPIDOPTERA.

UN ISHIDC a ITS) euish
Plate XL. fig. 1.

Species, Tuecia Listas : alis tricaudatis ; anticis fuscis macula magna fulva ; posticis supra
fuscis, margineque postico ceruleo maculato; subtus albis nigro-maculatis.
Expans. alar. une. 14.
Tuecia: with three tails; the anterior wings brown, with a large fulvous spot ;
the posterior above brown, with the posterior margin spotted with blue ;
beneath white with black marks. Expanse of the wings, 1} inch.

Syn. Hesperia (R.) Lisias, Fabr. Hnt. Syst. III. 1. p. 261.

Hasirat. “ Poulicandor, Mus. Dom. Banks,” (Fabricius).

THECLA SOPHOCLES.
Plate XL. fig. 2.

Species. TuHecLaA SopHocies: alis bicaudatis, nigris, disco communi ceruleo ; subtus albis,
strigis undatis flavescentibus ; posticis puncto anali fulvo. Expans. alar.
une. 1.

THECLA: with two tails, black, with the disc blue ; beneath white with several
waved yellowish lines ; the posterior pair with an anal fulvous eyelet. Expanse
of the wings, 14 inch.

Syn. Hesperia (R.) Sophocles, Yabr. Hnt. Syst. III. 1, p. 267. Enc. Méth. 9. 631, (Poly-
ommatus 8.)

Hasirat. “In Indiis,” (Fabricius).

THECLA JARBAS.
Plate XL. fig. 3.

Species. TuHercrA JARBAS: alis caudatis, fulvis, limbo fusco ; subtus cinereis striga alba ;
posticis punctis duobus atris. Expans. alar. une. 12.

THECLA: with the wings tailed, fulvous, with the border brown ; beneath
cinereous with a white bar ; the posterior pair with two black spots. Expanse
of the wings, 14 inch.

Syn. Hesperia (R.) Jarbas, Vabr. Hnt. Syst. III. 1, p. 276. Hne. Méth, 9. 646. Horsfield
Lep. Juv. p. 93, (Thecla J.)

Hasirar. “Siam, Mus. Dom. Banks,” (fabricius). Bengal and Java, (Ene, Iéth.)

61

LEPIDOPTERA.

THECLA THALES.
Plate XL. fig. 4.

Species. THecna THaLEs: alis bicaudatis, utrinque atris, subtns lunulis ceruleis 3 posticis
fascia submarginali aurea. Expans. alar. une. 11.

THEcLA : with two tails, the wings on both sides black, beneath with blue lunules 2
the posterior also with an abbreviated submarginal golden fascia, Expanse of
the wings, 11 inch.

Syy. Hesperia (R.) Thales, Fabricius Ent. Syst. III. 1, p. 268. Ene. Meth. 9. 625, (Poly-
ommatus T.)

Hasirat. ‘In Indiis,” (Fabricius). Brazil, (Ene. Meth.)

THECLA MELIBQUS.
Plate XLI. fig. 1.

Species. Tuecta MeEtisa@us: alis bicaudatis, cerulescentibus, limbo fusco ; subtus flaves-
centibus ; anticis fusco, posticis nigro strigosis, angulo ani atro ; annulis cernleis.
Expans. alar. unc. 13.

THELCA: with two tails, the wings blue above with a brown border; beneath
yellowish, the anterior with brown and the posterior with black streaks: anal
angle black with two blue rings. Expanse of the wings, 14 inch.

Syy. Hesperia (R.) Melibeus, Pabr. Ent. Syst. III. 1. p. 271. Ene. Meth. 9. 629, (Poly.
ommatus M.)

Haeirat. “In India, (fabricius). Brazil, (Hnc. Meth.)

ERE Cli Ae aya eB Wis.
Plate XLL. fig. 2.

Species. Tuecua Tyrt“us: alis bicaudatis, fuscis; posticis subtus striga undata alba lunu-
lisque submarginalibus nigris, intermediis rufis. Expans. alar. unc. 1.
TuEcia: with two tails, wings above brown ; beneath the posterior have a waved
white streak and black submarginal lunules, the two middle lunules being red.
Expanse of the wings, | inch.
Syy. Hesperia (R.) Tyrtwus, Pabr. Hut. Syst. III. 1. p. 271. Enc. Méth. 9. 637, (Poly-
ommatus T.)

Hapirat. “In India,”-(Pabricivs).

62

LEPIDOPTERA.

THECLA XENOPHON.
Plate XLI. fig. 3.

Turcta XENOPHON: alis bicaudatis fuscis, disco flavo ; subtus cinereo, striga

icin i inali f Expans. alar
media alba fusco strigaque innata ; posticarum marginal fusca. pans. :

une. 1}. ;
Tectia: with two tails, wings brown, with a yellow disc, beneath cinereous,

with a central white and brown streak ; the posterior also with a brown sub.
marginal line. Expanse of the wings, 14 inch.

Syn. Hesperia (R.) Xenophon, Fabr. Ent. Syst. IIL. 1. p. 272. Hne. Meth. 9. 640. (Poly-
ommatus X.) Jorsfield Lep. Jav. p. 93, pl. 4, f. 2, 2a, (larva et pupa).
Papilio Melampus, Cramer, pl. 362, f. G, H.
Hasirat. “In India,” (Fabricius). Java, (Horsfield).

Dr. Horsfield has traced the metamorphoses of this species, and pointed out the
distinction between it and Jarbas, plate XL. fig. 3. The caterpillar is more elongate
than the ordinary onisciform larve, with short stumps of fascicles. It varies in
colour from yellow, with a greenish cast, to a dark ferruginous brown, with lateral
bands. It feeds upon Schmiedelia racemosa, and was found in considerable abundance

by Dr. Horsfield in Java.

THECLA ACHAUS.
Plate XLI. fig. 4,

Species. Turcra Acu#us: alis subbicaudatis fuscis ; maculis flavis ; subtus flavis maculis
aureis, numerosis, quibusdam fusco-cinctis. Expans, alar, unc. 12.

THEcLA: with two short tails, wings brown, above with yellow spots ; beneath
pale yellow, with numerous golden spots, some of which are edged with purplish
brown. Expanse of the wings, 18 inch.

Syv. Hesperia (R.) Achzeus, Vabr. Hnt. Syst. TL. 1. p. 273. Cramer Pap. pl. 352, f. G, H.

ine. Méth. 9. 644, (Polyommatuy A.)

Haeirar. “In India,” (Fabricius), Surinam, (Ene, Meth.)

63

LEPIDOPTERA.

THECLA PHORBAS.
Plate XLI. fig. 5.

Species. TuxEcta Puoreas: alis caudatis, fuscis, disco albo ; subtus albis, cinereo strigosis,
punctis dnobus anguli ani atris, Expans. alar. unc. 12.

THECLA : with the wings tailed, brown, with a white disc ; beneath white with ash-
coloured streaks, and with two small black eyes at the anal angle. Expanse
of the wings, 12 inch.

Syx. Hesperia (R.) Phorbas, Fab, Hnt. Syst. IIT. 1. p. 277. Ene. Méth. 9. 646, (Polyom-
matus P.)

Hasitatr. “In India,” (Fabricius).

THECLA AIOLUS. 3
Plate XLIL fig. 1.

Species. TuHecia Movs: alis caudatis, cyaneis, nitidis, margine fusco, macula nigra ; subtus
fuscis, fascia communi alba nigroque striata. Expans. alar. unc. 1}.

THECLA : with the wings tailed, above blue in the disc, shining with a brown
margin and a black central spot ; beneath brown with a common white band,
and with black streaks. Expanse of the wings, 1} inch.

Syy. Hesperia Holus, Fabr. Ent. Syst. III. 1. p. 284. Ene. Méth 9. 628, (Polyommatus
Papilio Thallus, Cramer Pap. pl. 259, f. C, D.
9 Hesperia Pelion, Fabr. Ent. Syst. III. 1. p. 213. Cramer, pl. 6, f. E, F.
Hazrat. “In Indiis,” (Fabricius). Guiana, (Enc. Méth.)

THECLA STREPHON.
Plate XLII. fig. 2.

Species. THECLA STREPHON : alis caudatis, fuscis ; disco cxerulescentibus ; subtus cinereis
fascia alba, anguloque ani ocello gemino rufo pupilla nigra. Expans. alar.
une. 1d.

Tuecta : with the wings tailed, brown ; the disc bluish ; beneath cinereous with a
white fascia, and with a double red ocellus, having a black pupil, at the anal
angle. Expanse of the wings, 14 inch.

Syn. Hesperia, (R.) Strephon, Mabr. Hnt. Syst. IIT. 1. p. 281. Ene. Meéth. 9. 632% (Poly-
ommaius 8.)
Papilio Cyllarus, Cramer Pap. pl. 27, fig. C, D.

Haprrar. “In India orientali,” (Mabricius). Surinam, and Brazil, (ne. Méth.)

64

LEPIDOPTERA.

THECLA PHILIPPUS.
Plate XLII. fig. 3.

Spectes. Tuecta Puruiprus: alis caudatis, fuscis ; subtus albis ; posticis supra striga postica
alba punctisque duobus subocellaribus anguli aniatris. Expans. alar. unc. 1}.
TuEcta : with the wings tailed, brown ; beneath white ; the posterior above with a
posterior white streak, and two eyelets at the anal angle of a black colour.
Expanse of the wings, 14 inch.
Syy. Hesperia R. Philippus, Yabr. Hnt. Syst. III. 1. p. 283. Lne. Méth. 9. 646, (Polyom-
matus P.)

Hasitar. “In India,” (Fabricius).

THECLA PERICLES.
Plate XLII. fig. 4.

Species. THEcLA Prricres : alis bicaudatis, nigris, immaculatis ; subtus fuscis albo undatis ;
posticis angulo ani macula duplici argentea, punctisque aliquot nigris. Expans.
alar. un cH,

THECLA: with two tails, wings black, immaculate; beneath brown with white
waved lines ; posterior with a double silvery spot at the anal angle, and with
several black points. Expanse of the wings, 12 inch.

Syn. Hesperia (R.) Pericles, abr. Ent. Syst. III. 1. p. 273. Bac. Méth. 9. 622, (Poly-

ommatus P.)

Hasitat. “In Indiis,” (Fabricius).

ERYCINA THUCYDIDES.
Plate XLIII. fig. 1.

Species. Erycina Tuucypinss: alis integerrimis, nigris; macula magna media fulva in
singula ; subtus cinereis rufo undatis, Expans. alar. unc. 12.
Erycina : with the wings entire, black, with a large fulvous spot in the centre of
each ; beneath cinereous with red wavy lines. Expanse of the wings, 14 inch.
Syy. ilees a Thucydides, Fabr. Ent. Syst. II. 1. p. 323. Ene, Meth. 9.589, (Ery-
cina T.

Hasitat. “In Indiis,” (fabricius).

65

LEPIDOPTERA.

ERYCINA PETRONIUS.
Plate XLII. fig. 2.

Species. Erycina Prrrontus: alis integris ceruleis, strigis apiceque nigris ; subtus fasco-
cinereis, nigro punctatis. Expans. alar. unc. 12.
Erycrna : with the wings entire, blue, with black streaks and posterior margins ;
beneath brownish ashy, with black spots. Expanse of the wings, 13 inch.
Syy. Hesperia (R.) Petronius, Fabr. Ent. Syst. III. 1. p. 324. Ene. Méth. 9. 570.
(Erycina P.)
@ Papilio Menander, Cramer Pap. tab. 334, f. C, D.

Hasitat. “In Indiis,” (Fabricius). Guiana and Brazil, (Enc. Meth.)

ERYCINA REGULUS.
Plate XLIII. fig. 3.

Species. Erycrna Recuuvs: alis integerrimis, nigris, fasciis duabus albis aut flavescentibus,
externa anticarum interrupta. Expans. alar. unc. 14.
Erycrna : with the wings entire, black, with two white or yellowish broad bands,
the outer in the anterior wings being broken. Expanse of the wings, 1} inch.
Syx. Hesperia (R.) Regulus, Fabr. Ent. Syst. III. 1. p. 318. Ene. Méth. 9. 589.
(Erycina R.)
Hasitat. “In Indiis,” (Fabricius). Brazil, (Enc. Méth.)

ERYCINA LUCANUS.
Plate XLITI. fig. 4.

Species. Erycina Lucanus: alis integerrimis, supra flavis, macula media anticarum lim-
boque omni nigris ; subtus anticis flavescentibus fusco-maculatis ; posticis rubris
flavo irroratis et fusco-maculatis. Expans. alar. unc. 1}.
Erycina: with the wings entire, above yellow, with a central spot in the anterior
pair and all the edges black ; beneath the anterior yellowish, with brown spots ;
the posterior red, with yellow dots and brown spots. Expanse of the wings,

1} inch.
Syy. Hesperia (R.) Lucanus, Pabr. Syst. Hnt. ITI. 1. p. 322. Hne. Meth. 9. 586,
(Erycina L.)

Hasitat. “In Indiis,” (Fabricius).

The accompanying figure of a species described by Fabricius, from the collection

of Drury, and the drawings of Mr. Jones, (from which also Donovan, in all proba-
bility, obtained his acquaintance with the species,) enables us to clear up the con-

K

66

LEPIDOPTERA.

. . . . . . . . ° o __ te
fusion in the Fabrician description, in which the wings are described —“ supra flavee

macula media anticarum, disco que omni nigris”’; the description in the short specific

character being “alis nigris, disco flavo.” Hence it is evident that, in the former

description, the term “ disco” was accidentally used instead of “limbo.” In the
Encyclopédie Méthodique the confusion 1s increased, by the employment of the word
“ dessous,” instead of ‘ dessus.’’*

ERYCINA TARQUINIUS.
Plate XLIV. fig. 1.

Species. Erycrna Tarquinivus: alis integris, nigris ; anticis macula oblonga baseos sinuata
postice triloba ; posticis angulo anali late flavo punctis quinque nigris ; subtus
cinereis maculis nigris et rufescentibus, his albo cinctis. Expans. alar. unc. 1h.

Erycrna : with the wings entire, black ; the anterior with an oblong sinuated spot
at the base, the extremity of which is trilobed ; the posterior with a broad yellow
patch at the anal angle, having five black dots; beneath cinereous, with black
and red spots, the latter encircled with white. Expanse of the wings, 1} inch.

Syn. Hesperia (R.) Tarquinius, Fabr. Ent. Syst. III. 1. p. 319. Ene. Meth. 9. 580,
(Erycina T.)

Hasitat. “In Indiis,” (Fabricius).

ERYCINA AMULIUS.
Plate XLIV. fig. 2.

Species. Erycina A@muttus: alis integris, cinereis, lineolis transversis albidis maculisque
oblongis fuscis ; posticis supra pallidis ; subtus omnibus maculis plurimis fuscis.
Expans. alar. unc. 14.

Erycrna : with the wings entire, cinereous, with short transverse whitish lines and
oblong brown spots ; the posterior pair above pale ; the under surface of all the
wings much spotted with brown. Expanse of the wings, 1} inch.

Syv. Hesperia (R.) Aumulius, fabr. Ent. Syst. IIL. 1. p. 322. Ene. Meth. 9. 580,
(Erycina i.)

* In the first edition of this work, Erycina Salustius was introduced in the text, after the foregoing
species ; but no figure of it appeared in the plates, I have therefore omitted it.—(J.O. W.)

67

LEPIDOPTERA.

HESPERIA NUMITOR.
Plate XLIV. fig. 3.

Famity. Hesperips, Stephens.
Genus. Hesperia, Latreille, Godart. Battus p. Scop. Papilio (Pl. Rur.) Linneus.

Species. Hesperta Numiror: alis integerrimis, fuscis ; posticis supra disco flavo; subtus
flavis, anticis disco fusco. Expans. alar. unc. 1—11.

Hesperia: with the wings entire, brown; the posterior with the disc above
yellow ; the under surface of all the wings yellow, except the disc of the anterior,
which is brown. Expanse of the wings, 1 to 11 inch.

Syy. Hesperia (R.) Numitor, Fabr. Ent. Syst. IIT. 1. p. 324. Ene. Meth. 9. 777.
Hasitat. “In Indiis,” (Fabricius). Philadelphia, (Mne. Méth.)

Donovan has evidently introduced this, as well as many of the preceding butter-
flies, (especially those belonging to the great genus Hrycina, which are almost
exclusively Brazilian,) into the present work, on the authority of the loose habitat of
Fabricius, “‘ In Indiis.’”” The Hesperia Numitor is, however, an inhabitant of North
America, having been sent from Philadelphia to M. Latreille by M. Lesueur. I have
also received it from the same city, in a large collection of insects of that country,
for which I am indebted to the liberality of Mr. Titian R. Peale, the curator of the
Museum of Philadelphia, a very zealous entomologist.

POLYOMMATUS PLINIUS.
Plate XLV. fig. 1.

Species. Poryommatus Purnrus: alis caudatis, albo nigroque variis ; anticis supra maculis
quadratis fuscis ; omnibus subtus albis, fusco et nigro transverse strigosis, serie
duplici punctorum submarginalium punctoque gemmo aurea ad angulum ani
posticarum. Expans. alar. une. 1.

Potyommatus: with the wings tailed, and varied above with black and white ;
the anterior above with square brown spots; all the wings beneath white, with
transverse brown or black streaks, and with a double row of submarginal dots ;
the posterior with a double golden spot at the anal angle. Expanse of the
wings, | inch.

Syn. Hesperia (R.) Plinius, Fabr. Ent. Syst. III. 1. p. 284. Ene. Meth. 9. 658, (Polyom-

matus Pl.) Horsfield Lep. Jav. 1. p. 72.

ie

68

LEPIDOPTERA.

POLYOMMATUS PLATO.
Plate XLV. fig. 2.

Species, Poryommatus Prato: alis caudatis, supra ceruleis limbo fusco ; posticis punctis
marginalibus atris ; subtus cinereis albo undatis, posticis ocello atro iride flava,
pupillaque duplici argentea et ad angulum ani macula argentea. Expans. alar.
une. li.

Potvommatus : with the wings tailed ; above blue with a brown border ; the pos-
terior with marginal black dots; beneath cinereous with white waves, the pos-
terior with a black ocellus, having the iris yellow, and a double silvery pupil, a
silvery spot also at the anal angle. Expanse of the wings, 1 inch,

Syn. Hesperia (R.) Plato, Fabr. Ent. Syst. IIL. 1. p. 288%

Polyommatus Plato, Hac. Méth. 9. 655 4

Hasitar. “In Indiis,” (/abricius).

The description of the ocelli on the under side of the under wings of the insect
described under this name, not agreeing with the Fabrician description, I have given
the quotation with a mark of doubt.

POLYOMMATUS HIPPOCRATES.
Plate XLV. fig. 3.

Species. Ponyommatus Hippocrates: alis caudatis; supra fuscis, anticis apice, posticis
margine tenui albis ; subtus albidis, anticis striga punctorum, posticis punctis
sparsis, nigris. Expans. alar. une. 1.
PoLyommatus : with the wings tailed ; above brown, the tips of the anterior and
a slender margin to the posterior white ; beneath whitish, the anterior with a
row of black spots, and the latter with several irregularly placed black spots.
Expanse of the wings, 1 inch.
Syy, Hesperia (R.) Hippocrates, Fabr. Ent. Syst. III. 1. p. 288. Ene. Meth. 9. 659,
(Polyommatus H.)

THECLA THEOCRITUS.
Plate XLV. fig. 4.
Species, THecta TueEocritus ; alis caudatis ; supra virescentibus aureo nitidulis, costa lata

obscuriore ; subtus nigris, strigis aliquot e punctis parvis flavescentibus, Expans.
alar. une. 14.

69

LEPIDOPTERA.

THECLA: with the wings tailed; above greenish with golden spangles, and with
the front margin and tip dark 3 beneath black, with several rows of small
yellowish dots. Expanse of the wings, 14 inch.

_ Syv. Hesperia (R.) Theocritus, Fabr. Ent. Syst. II. 1. p. 289. Enc. Méth. 9. 653, (Poly-
ommatus Th.)

POLYOMMATUS PARRHASIUS.
Plate XLV. fig. 5.

Species. Potyommatus Parruasius : alis caudatis ; Supra ceruleis margine fusco, (¢), aut
fuscis, (?); posticis ante marginem striga punctorum nigrorum ocellatorum ;
omnibus subtus cinereis, pone medium albo undatis } posticis punctis tribus

baseos atris, albo cinctis, apiceque punctis quatuor aureis, tertio puncto atro.
Expans. alar. 3—1 une.

Potyommatus: with the wings tailed ; above blue with a brown margin in the
male, brown in the female, the posterior with a submarginal row of black ocel-
lated spots ; the under side of all the wings cinereous, with white waves beyond
the middle, the posterior with three black spots, edged with white towards the
base, and with four golden marginal spots, the third having a black dot in the
middle. Expanse of the wings, 3 to 1 inch.

Syy. Hesperia (R.) Parrhasius, Fabr. Ent. Syst. IIT. 1. p. 289. Ene. Méth. 9. 657, (Poly-
ommatus P.) Horsfield Lep. Jav. 1. p. 864

Hasitat. “Tn India,” (Fabricius, Ene. Méth.) Java, (Horsfield).

As in our little English “ blues,” (as the species of Polyommatus are called by
collectors,) there are many species so very closely allied together, that it is very
dificult to settle their specific distinctions, so there appear to be several Indian
species so nearly related to Pol. Parrhasius, that it is only by precisely following the
particular description of that species given by Fabricius, (and which I have embodied
in the above definition,) that we can avoid confusion. The species was known to
Fabricius, through the drawings of Mr. Jones, and the collection of Mr. Drury, to
both of which Donovan had access, so that we may adopt his figures as the real re-
presentatives of the Fabrician insect. It is on these grounds that I have attached a
mark of doubt to the reference to Dr. Horstield’s Lepidoptera Javanica. Donovan
has, however, fallen into the strange mistake of considering the larger individual
with blue wings as the female, and the smaller brown one as the male, whereas, as
in the common English “ blues,” the opposite is the case.

70

LEPIDOPTERA.

ERYCINA? BIBULUS.
Plate XLVI. fig. 1.

Species. Erycrna? Breunus: alis integerrimis ; supra fuscis, anticis in medio litura cinerea ;
subtus anticis cinereis punctis aliquot apicis fuscis annulo argenteo cinctis, striga-
que marginali argentea ; posticis albis striga media argentea, punctis aliquot
fuscis apice fusco punctis argenteis. Expans. alar. unc. 1.

Erycina? with the wings entire; above brown, the anterior with a cinereous
stripe in the centre ; beneath the anterior cinereous, with several apical brown
spots surrounded with silver, and a marginal silver stripe ; posterior white, with
a central silver bar, several brown spots, and the apex brown with silvery spots.
Expanse of the wings, 14 inch.

Syn. Hesperia (R.) Bibulus, Pabr. Ent. Syst. III. 1. p. 307.

Hasirat. “In Indiis,” (Pabricius).

POLYOMMATUS HYLAX.
Plate XLVI. fig. 2.

Species. Potvommatus Hytax: alis integris, supra fuscis immaculatis, subtus cinereis,
punctis nigris areubus submarginalibus fuscis. Expans. alar. 2 unc.
PoLyomMatus: with the wings entire, brown above without spots, beneath
cinereous with black spots, and with a row of submarginal lunules, (behind
which is a row of small black dots). Expanse of the wings, of an inch.

Syn. Hesperia (R.) Hylax, Fabr. Mant. Ins. 2. p. 77. Ent. Syst. III. 1. p. 304. Ene.
Meth. 9. 701, (Polyommatus H.) nec Pithecops Hylax, Horsfield Lep. Jav. 1. p. 66,
pl. 1. f. 2, 2 a.
Papilio Lysimon, Ochsenheimer Pap. Eur. t.1% Ene. Meth. 9. 7012

Hasirat. “In India orientali,” (Fabricius).

I can by no means agree with Dr. Horsfield, in considering the insect which he
has figured under the name of Pithecops Hylax as identical with the Fabrician
sect, as that which is here figured is marked more agreeably with the original
ae of the species, short as it is. Had Fabricius been describing Dr.

Be Paice : ce saat

shield y msect, he would have said “strigis duabus submarginalibus punctorum

- ae e aga eee :
nigrorum, instead of “ nigr opunctatis,’? which implies a general scattering of dots
over the wings; moreover Dr. Horsfield’s insect exhibits no trace of the “arcubus

e ” ® oreke
fuscis,” described by Fabricius,

fal

LEPIDOPTERA,

ERYCINA ATHEMON. g.
Plate XLVI. fig. 3.

Sprecies. Erycina ATHEMON : alis integris, albis ; anticis margine exteriori nigro, ceeruleo
alboque maculato, Expans. alar. 1—14 une.

Erycrna : with the wings entire, white ; the anterior having the front margin
broadly marked with black, in which are several blue and white spots. Expanse
of the wings, 1 to 14 inch.

Syx. Papilio Athemon, Zinn. Syst. Nat. 2.792. Fabr. Ent, Syst. IIT. 1. p. 318, (2).
Hesperia (R.) Conus, Fabr. Ent. Syst. IIL. 1. p. 308. (g). Donovan, 1st edit.
Erycina Arthemon, Hne. Méth. 9. 578.

Hasitat. “In Indiis,” (Mabricius, Conus). In America, (Zinnceus, Athemon).
(Enc. Méth.)

Brazil,

The name of Athemon having been given to the female of this species, I have
adopted it in preference to following Donovan and using that of Coenus, proposed by
Fabricius for the male, rejecting the latter name in consequence of its similarity
to Ceneus, a name employed by Fabricius for another species of Hrycina. It is cus-
tomary, however, in such cases, to adopt the specific name of the male rather than of

the female, where they happen to have been previously described under different
names.

ERYCINA? LIVIUS.
Plate XLVI. fig. 4.

Species. Erycina? Lrvrus: alis integerrimis; supra atris, macula disci cerulea; subtus
cinereis ; anticis macula oblonga baseos flava, argenteo marginata ; posticis fasciis
tribus rufis argenteo marginatis, margine flavo, fascia argentea. Expans. alar.
14 une.

Erycrya ? with the wings entire ; above black, with a discoidal blue spot 9 beneath
cinereous ; the anterior with an oblong basal yellow spot, margined with silver 3
the apex yellow, with a broad brown bar, margined with silver ; the posterior
with three red bars margined with silver, the margins yellow with a silver line.
Expanse of the wings, 14 inch.
Syn. Hesperia (R.) Livius, Yabr. Ent. Syst. III. 1. p. 315. Enc. Méth. 9. 825, (Nym-
phalis L.)

Hasitat. “In Indiis,” (Mabricius).

72

LEPIDOPTERA.

THECLA ROMULUS.
Plate XLVI. fig. 5.

Spectres, Turcra Romuuus: alis integerrimis ; supra fuscis, immaculatis ; subtus viridibus,
anticis immaculatis, posticis striga fusca, maculaque postica rufa. Expans. alar.
une. 12.

Tuncta: with the wings entire; above brown, immaculate ; beneath green, the
anterior without spots, the posterior with a brown stripe, and a submarginal red
ocellus. Expanse of the wings, 14 inch.

Syy. Hesperia (R.) Romulus, Fabr. Ent. Syst. III. 1. p. 316. Enc. Méth. 9. 674. (Poly-
ommatus R.)

Hasirat, “In Indiis,” (fabricius).

The accompanying figure exhibits no trace of the brown line on the under surface
of the posterior wings described by Fabricius, from the drawings of Mr. Jones, and
the collection of Drury.

ERYCINA PTOLOMAIUS. g.
Plate XLVI. fig. 6.

Species. Erycina Pronomaus : alis integerrimis ; supra fereugineis, strigis plurimis fuscis,
ultima ante marginem punctata ; subtus (mas) ceruleis, (fem.) rufis, basi ceru-
lescente. Expans. alar. unc. 14.

Erycina : with the wings entire ; above ferruginous with several brown streaks,
the submarginal one being composed of points ; beneath in the male blue, in the
female ferruginous, with the base paler blue, Expanse of the wings, 1} inch.

Syy. Hesperia (R.) Ptolomeus, Yabr. Ent. Syst. II]. p. 319, g. Ene. Méth. 9. 572,
(Erycina Pt.)

Hesperia (R.) Lucius, Fabr. Hnt. Syst. ILL. 1. p. 320, 2.
Hasirar. “In Indiis,” (Fabricius), Brazil, (Ene. Méth.).

ERYCINA OVIDIUS.
Plate XLVI. fig. 7.

Species. Erycrna Oviptvs : alisintegris, supra fulvis, subtus flavescentibus ; utrinque strigis
sex undatis, femine nigris, maris aureo pulverulentis. Expans, alar, une. 1}.

of the diurnal butterflies.

such as Rhetus and Dorilas of Cramer.
to the Papiliones Plebei.

73

LEPIDOPTERA,

ERYCINA : with the wings entire, above fulvous, beneath yellowish, on each side with six waved
stripes, black in the female, but spotted with gold in the male. Expanse of the
wings, 1} inch.

Syn. Hesperia (R.) Ovidius, fabr. Ent. Syst. TIT. 1. p. 320. Ent. Méth. 9. 571,

Papilio Fatima, Cramer, pl. 271, f. A, B, 8. 0, D, ¢.

Hasirat. “In Indiis.” (Fabrivius). East Indies, (ne. Méth.)

The seven preceding species are represented upon the Adiantum succulentum.

LEPTOCIRCUS CURIUS.
Plate XLVII. fig. 1.

Famity. PAprmLioniIpD®.

Genus. Leprocircus, Swainson. (Lamproptera, G. R. Gray. Erycina p. Ene. Meéth.
Tphiclides, Hubner.)

Species. Leprocircus Curtvs : alis concoloribus, nigris, fascia communi glauca ; anticis ante
apicem hyalinis. Expans. alar. une. J 3.

Leprocircus : with the wings concolorous, black, with a common greenish white
fascia ; the anterior having a large transparent spot near the apex. Expanse of
the wings, 13 inches.

Syy. Papilio (Eq. Ach.) Curius, Fabr. Ent. Syst. III. 1. p. 28. Ene. Méth. 9. 564, 827,
(Erycina C.)
Leilus [Urania] (Leptocircus) Curius, Swainson Zoo’. Illust. 2d. series, pl. 106.
Leptocireus Curius, Boisduval Hist. Nat. Lepid. 1. 381, pl. 17, f. 3. Naturalist’s
Library Entomol. vol. 5, pl. 5, fig. 1.
Erycina (Lamproptera) Curius, @. 2. Gray in Grif. An. Kingd. Ins. pl. 102, f. 4.

Hasitat. Siam, (Fabricius). Java, (Boisduval).

This insect is exceedingly interesting, with reference to the general classification

L

It was, by Fabricius, regarded as a true Papilio, and cer-
tainly the head, palpi, antenne, legs, &c. clearly prove the correctness of this affinity.
In the Encyclopédie Méthodique, however, it was considered as an Erycina, doubtless
from its small size, and its apparent resemblance to some of the long-tailed species,
Donovan also asserted its greater affinity
Mr. Swainson next proved it to belong to the family
Papilionide, by his figures of the various parts in detail; but, from too eagerly

74

LEPIDOPTERA.

following out his peculiar theories, he gave it as a subgenus of the genus Urania,
which name he changed to Leilus, (considering its type to be the Papilio Leilus of
Linnzus,) on the ground that the name Urania had been employed in Botany, which
is certainly the case; but as the genus of plants ought to retain its previous name
Ravenala, the name of Urania is not inapplicable to a genus of Lepidoptera. But
Leptocircus ought clearly not to be regarded as belonging to the same group as
Leilus, Orontes, and Rhipheus, together with Patroclus, Lunus, and Empedocles,
which decidedly belong thereto, although omitted by Mr. Swainson. The veins of the
wings of Leptocircus are decidedly Papilionideous, and have no resemblance whatever
to those of Urania. There is it is true some analogy in the form of the posterior
wings, but, I presume, no real relation can be supported on such a character, and I
can discover no other to give it a relation either with Urania, or Erycina. In the
male of this insect, the pale band crossing the wings is of a greenish white, but in
the female it is transparent white in the anterior, and white in the posterior wings.

The species was described by Fabricius from a specimen in the collection of Sir
J. Banks. It is become sufficiently common.

HESPERIA PROPERTIUS.
Plate XLVII. fig. 2.

Famity. HeEsprrip.

Genus. HEspErta.

Species. Hesperra Prorertivs : alis supra nigris, anticis lineolis duabus marginalibus baseos
maculisque flavis, posticis fascia flava ; subtus, anticis atro, flavo, rufoque variis,
posticis fasciis rufis flavisque margine tenuiori nigro. Expans. alar. une. 14.

Hesperia ; with the wings above black, the anterior with two marginal lines at the

base and some spots of yellow, the posterior with a yellow bar ; beneath the
anterior are varied with black, yellow and red, and the posterior have alternate
bars of red and yellow, with a slender black edge. Expanse of the wings,
13 inch. 4

Syy. Hesperia (U.) Propertius, Fabr. Ent. Syst. IIT. 1. p. 325. Ene. Méth. 9. 773.

Hapirar. ‘In India,” (Fabricius).

HESPERIA TIBULLUS.
Plate XLVII. fig. 3.

Species. Hesperta Treunwvs : alis supra anticis nigris flavo-maculatis ; subtus subconcolori-
bus, costa subrufa ; posticis flaviy margine omni, postico interrupto, nigro, subtus
variegatis. Expans, alar, unc, 11.

75

LEPIDOPTERA.

Hesrerta: with the anterior wings above black, spotted with yellow; beneath
similarly coloured, but with a reddish costa ; posterior pair yellow with the

margin (interrupted behind) black, beneath variegated. Expanse of the wings,
1} inch.

Syy. Hesperia (U.) Tibullus, Yabr. Ent. Syst. TIT. 1. p. 326. Ene. Meth. 9. 754,
Hasitat. “Tn Indiis,” (Fabricius).

HESPERIA AUGIAS.
Plate XLVIII. fig. 1.
Species. Hesperta Avcias: alis fulvis; supra anticis linea obliqua, limboque postico
nigris ; posticis nigris, puncto subcentrali fasciaque postica utrinque dentatis
rufo-flavis. Expans. alar. unc. 1}.
Hesperia: with fulvous wings; above the anterior are marked by an oblique
line, and the posterior edge of black; the posterior are black, with a central

spot and a posterior bar, toothed on each side, of reddish yellow. Expanse of
the wings, 14 inch.

Sry. Papilio (Pleb. Urb.) Augias, Zinn. Amen. Acad. t. 4,p. 410. Syst. Nat. 2. 794.
Fabr. Ent. Syst. U1. 1. p. 327. Enc. Méth. 9. 767, (Hesperia A.)

Hasitat. Java, (Linneus Enc. Méth.) India, (Mabricius).

The specimen here figured appears to be less strongly marked with black than
ordinary, the posterior margin of the wings being spotted with that colour, instead
of being entirely black.

HESPERIA ORIGINES.
Plate XLVITII. fig. 2.
Species. HeEsperiA OrIGINES: alis fuscis; striga punctorum alborum ; anticis basi obliqué
testaceis. Expans. alar. une. 1}.

HespeRiA : with the wings brown, with a row of white dots ; the anterior with a
large oblique testaceous patch at the base. Expanse of the wings, 1} inch.
Syn. Hesperia (U.) Origines, Yabr. Ent. Syst. III. 1. p. 328, (Hesperia Thaumas). ne.
Méth. 9.7661
Hapitat. “In Indiis,” (abricius.) North America, (Hne. ALéth.)

As there appears to be some doubt of the precise identity of this insect with
the Hesperia Thaumus of Fabricius, as well as of its sex, and as the accompanying
figure agrees with the Fabrician description of H. Origines, I have thought it best
to retain the latter name.

L 2

76

LEPIDOPTERA.

ERYCINA ? PLUTARGUS.
Plate XLVII. fig. 3.

Species. Enycrna? Piurarcus: alis supra fuscis auro irroratis, anticis macula apicali tes-
tacea ; subtus pallidioribus, anticis margine exteriori testaceo, posticis strigis
punctoque obscurioribus. Expans. alar. une. 13.

Erycina? with the wings above brown with gold spangles, and with a testaceous
spot at the tips of the anterior pair; beneath paler, the anterior with the front
margin testaceous; the posterior pair with streaks and a spot of darker colour.
Expanse of the wings, 1} inch.

Syy. Hesperia (U.) Plutargus, Fab. Ent. Syst. IIL, 1. p. 329. Ene. Méth. 9. 776 (Hes-
peria P.)

Hasitat. “Tn Indiis,” (fabricius).

HESPERIA EPICTETUS.
Plate XLVIII. fig. 4.

Species. Hesperta Epictetus : alis fuscis, disco flavo; anticarum macula longitudinali fusca
et in hac lunula flava ; posticis subtus flavis immaculatis. Expans. alar. unc. 1.
HESPERIA : with the wings brown, the disc being yellow ; the anterior pair having
a longitudinal brown spot running through the middle of the wing, in which isa
yellow lunule; the posterior pair are yellow and without spots beneath.
Expanse of the wings, 1 inch.

Syn. Hesperia (U.) Epictetus, Fabr. Ent. Syst. III. 1. p. 330. ne. Meth. 9. 768.
Hasirat. “In Indiis,” (Fabricius). Brazil, (Ene. Méth.)

HESPERIA CHEMNIS.
Plate XLIX. fig. 1.

Species. Hesperia Cuemnts: alis subcaudatis, fuscis basi magis brunneis ; anticis maculis
sex, posticis tribus quadratis hyalinis, margine postico flavo. Expans. alar.
une. 24.

Hesperia: with the wings slightly tailed, brown, with the base more fulvous ;
anterior pair with six, posterior with three square hyaline spots; posterior
margin yellow. Expanse of the wings, 2} inches,

Syy. Hesperia (U.) Chemnis, Fabr. Ent. Syst. 111. 1. p. 331. Ene. Meéth. 9. 746.
Hasirat, “In Indiis,” (Fabricius).

Le

LEPIDOPTERA,

HESPERIA THRAX.
Plate XLIX, fig. 2.

Seecres. Hespertt Turax: alis ecaudatis, fuscis, maculis tribus fenestratis, exteriore
minore. Expans. alar. unc. 23,

Hesperia: without tails, with brown wings, the anterior having three fenestrated
spots, of which the outer one is smallest. Expanse of the wings, 24 inches.

Syy. Papilio (Pl. Urb.) Thrax, Linn. Syst. Naé. 2. 794.

Enc. Méth. 9. 748, (Hesperia T.)
fabr. Ent. Syst. ILI, 1. p. 3374

Hasirat. Java, (Linneus, Enc. Meth.)

Donovan expressly states that his specimen of this insect corresponded with that
in the Linnzan cabinet. It also agrees with the description of a Javanese butterfly
described in the Encyclopédie Méthodique as the true Thrax. This circumstance
renders doubtful the references to Fabricius, Clerk, and Cramer, who has figured

three species, regarded as varieties of Thrax, under the names of Papilio Salus,
Sebaldus, and Ramasis.

HESPERIA (EANTIS) MITHRIDATES.
Plate XLIX. fig. 3.

Sugscenus. Eantis, Boisduval.

Species. Hesperia (Hantis) Mituripates: alis atris, purpureo-maculatis, fasclaque sub-
marginali purpurea lunulis albidis ; subtus nigris, fasciis duabus macularibus
purpureis. Expans. alar. une. 2.
Hesperta (Eantis): with the wings black, spotted with purple, and with a purple
submarginal fascia, in which are whitish lunules ; beneath black, with two rows
of purple spots. Expanse of the wings, 2 inches.

Syy. Hesperia (U.) Mithridates, Pabr. nt. Syst. III. 1. p. 336. Hne. Meth. 9. 792,
(Hesperia M.)
Haeitat. “In Indiis,” (Fabricius). Brazil? (Zine. Meth.)

78

LEPIDOPTERA.

HESPERIA (EANTIS) THRASIBULUS.
Plate XLIX. fig. 4.

Species. Husperra (Eantis) Turasiputus: alis atris ceruleo undulatis ; posticis subtus
angulo ani cinereo fusco punctato, Expans. alar. unc. 1}.
Hesperra (Eantis): with black wings, undulated with blue; the posterior beneath
with the anal angle cinereous, spotted with brown. Expanse of the wings,
14 inch.
Syx. Hesperia (U.) Thrasibulus, Fubr. Ent. Syst. III. 1. p. 346. Ene. Méth. 9. 792.
Hasirat. “In Indiis,” (Fabricius.) Brazil, (Hne. Méth.)

HESPERIA JOVIANUS.
Plate L. fig. 1.

Species. Husprrta Jovianus : alis atris, anticis macula transversa pone medium (alter-
aque minori subapicali in ?) alba, strigaque marginali punctorum oblongorum
ceruleorum ; posticis ceeruleo striatis et in his macule aliquot oblonge albe.
Expans. alar. unc. 13.

Hesperia: with the wings black; the anterior with a transverse bar of white
beyond the middle, (a smaller subapical one in the female,) and a submarginal
row of oblong blue dots; the posterior pair with blue streaks, in which are
several oblong white spots. Expanse of the wings, 14 inch.

Syyx. Hesperia (U.) Jovianus, Fabricius Ent. Syst. IIT. 1, p. 348. Hne. Meth. 9. 788.
Hasitar. ‘Jn Indiis,” (Fabricius). Brazil, (H'nc. Meth.)

HESPERIA SALVIANUS.
Plate L. fig. 2.

Species. Hesperia Satyranus: alis supra fuscis, viridi maculatis strigaque postica macu-
larum obscuriorum; subtus anticis fuscis fascia lata alba, posticis albis striga
marginali e punctis septem fuscis. Expans. alar. une. 1}.
Hesperia: with the upper side of the wings brown, mottled with green, and with
a submarginal row of obscure dots; beneath the anterior wings brown witha -
broad white bar, posterior white with a marginal row of seven brown dots.
Expanse of the wings, 14 inch.

Syn. Hesperia (U ) Salvianus, Yabr. Ent, Syst. III. 1. p. 348. Ene. Méth. 9. 789.
Hasitat. “In Indiis,” (Fabricius),

79

LEPIDOPTERA.

HESPERIUS GALENUS.
Plate L. fig. 3.

Species. Hesperia GALenus : alis fuscis punctis maculisque flavis ; anticis fascia maculari
transversa media ; posticis macula magna oblonga e medio ad marginem extensa.
Expans. alar. une, 12.

Hesperia: with the wings brown with yellow dots and spots ; the anterior with a
central transverse row of spots forming a bar, and the latter with a large oblong
spot reaching from the middle to the tips. Expanse of the wings, 1} inch.

Syy. Hesperia (U.) Galenus, Fabr. Ent. Syst. IIT. 1, p. 350. Enc. Méth. 9. 773.
Hasirat. “In Indiis,” (Fabricius).

HESPERIA CATULLUS.
Plate L. fig. 4.

Species. Hesperta CaTuLuus: alis atris, striga communi submarginali punctorum alborum ;
anticis etiam punctis nonnullis albis, subtus paucioribus. Expans. alar. une. 14.
Hesperia : with the wings black, with a row of submarginal white dots on all the
wings ; the anterior pair have also a few white dots scattered over the surface,
being fewer beneath. Expanse of the wings, 1} inch.

Syn. Hesperia (U.) Catullus, Fabr. Ent. Syst. III. 1, p. 348. Abbot and Smith Lep.
Georgia, 1. t. 24. Ene. Méth. 9. 777.

Hagsirat. “In Indiis,” (Fabricius). North America, (Abbot and Smith).

According to the Encyclopédie Méthodique, this North American insect is liable
to considerable variation in the number of the white dots on the upper surfaces of the
wings. The caterpillar, according to Abbot and Smith, feeds upon the Monarda
punctata. It is ofa dark green colour, with two black spots on the first segment ;
the head is black, with two white dots at the sides.

HESPERIA SPIO.

Plate L. fig. 5.

Species. Hesperta Spero: alis reversis, nigris maculis albis plurimis difformibus undique
dispersis, subtus simillimis at fuscis, ‘ Similis P. Tages at dimidio minor et
brevis.” —Linn.

Hesperia: with the wings reversed, black, with many irregular shaped white spots

80

LEPIDOPTERA.

scattered over the wings ; beneath exactly alike, but the black changed to brown.
2 Similar to P. Tages, but smaller by half, and short.
Syy. Papilio (P.N.), Spio, Linn. Mus. Ulr. p. 338. (nec 330). Syst. Nat. 2.796. Fabr. Ent.
Syst. IIT. 1, p. 354.
Hasitat. Cape of Good Hope, (Linneus). India, (Fabricius).

Linneeus, both in the Museum Regine Ulric, and the Systema Nature, states
that he received this from the Cape of Good Hope, from Tulbagh, who was governor
there. I know not upon what authority Fabricius gave it as a native of India.

The five preceding species are represented on the Clerodendrum infortunatum, a
plant introduced from the East Indies.

HESPERIA ENNIUS.
Plate LI. fig. 1.

Species. Hesperta Ennius: alis anticis fuscis, maculis hyalinis ; posticis supra atris, macula
magna media, maculisque marginalibus flavis ; subtus fuscis nigro maculatis
discoque albo. Expans. alar. unc. 2/5.

Hesperia : with the anterior wings brown, with hyaline spots ; the posterior above
black, with a large central spot (extending to the base,) and marginal spots of
yellow ; beneath brown, spotted with black, and with the disc white. Expanse
of the wings, 2,1, inches.

Syx. Hesperia (U.) Ennius, Mabr. Hné. Syst. IIT. 1. p. 338. Lne. Meth. 9. 749.

Havirat. “In Indiis,” (Fabricius).

HESPERIA POLYBIUS.
Plate LI. fig. 2.

Species. Hesperta Potystus: alis concoloribus ; anticis atris macula media trausversa fulva,
margine postico niveo ; posticis atris, margine postico niveo, anguloque ani fulvo.
Expans. alar. une. 24.

Hesperia : with the wings coloured alike on both sides ; anterior pair black, with a
transverse central fulvous spot, posterior margin white ; posterior wings with
the margin white and anal angle fulvous. Expanse of the wings, 24 inches.

Syn. Hesperia (U.) Polybius, Fabr. Hnt. Syst. IIL. 1. p. 337. Enc. Méth. 9, 732.
Hesperia (U.) Palemon, Fabr. Hnt. Syst. I11. 1, p. 335. Sp. Ins. 2.134. Cramer,
pl. 13,

Hasirat, “Tn Indiis,” (Fabricius.) Surinam, Brazil, (Ene, Meth.)

81

LEPIDOPTERA.

HESPERIA ZELEUCUS.
Plate LI. fig. 3.

Species. Hesprria ZELEucus: atra, capite anoque sanguineis; alis concoloribus atris ;
posticis margine tenuissimo albo. Expans. alar. unc. 24.
Hesperia : black, with the head and anus sanguineous ; wings coloured alike on
both sides, black ; the posterior with a very slender white margin. Expanse of
the wings, 2} inches.

Syn. Hesperia (U.) Zeleucus, Fabr. Hnt. Syst. IIT. 1. p. 346. Hne. Méth. 9. 733.
Papilio Thasus, Cramer, pl. 380, f, M, N.

Hasitat. “ In Indiis,” (Mabricius). Surinam, and Brazil, (nc. Méth.)

The three preceding species are represented on a sprig of the Lagerstrcemeria Indica.

HESPERIA ORCUS.

Plate LIT. fig. 1.

Species. Hesperta Orcus: alis subtus fuscis, anticis punctis maculaque lunata vitreo-
flavis ; posticis fasciis obsoletis ceruleis: subtus cerulescentibus, margine nigro.
Expans. alar. une. 14.

Hesperia: with the wings above brown, the anterior with several spots, and a
lunate mark of glassy yellow, the posterior with obsolete blue bars ; beneath
blue with a black edge. Expanse of the wings, 14 inch.

Syv. Hesperia (U.) Orcus, Fabr. Ent. Syst. TIL. 1.p. 341. Ene. Meth. 9. 789.
Papilio Cerialis, Cramer Pap. pl. 392, fig. V. O. Stoll Suppl. Cramer, pl. 10, fig. 1.

Hasitat. “In Indiis,” (Yabricius). Guiana, (ne. Méth. Stoll.)

The caterpillar, according to Stoll, (who observed the transformations of this
species in Guiana,) is dirty green, with the head brown, a spot on each side of the
segments of the body, and two ventral lines of white. It remains in the chrysalis

state only about seven days.

SPECIES.

82

LEPIDOPTERA.

HESPERIA BUSIRIS.
Plate LII. fig. 2.

Hesperia Bustris: thorace albo punctato; alis anticis oblongis, atris, maculis
duabus, et inter has punctis duobus flavis, apice cinerascente ; posticis fulvis
margine atro. Expans. alar. unc. 2.

Hesperia : with the thorax spotted with white ; the anterior wings oblong, black,
with two large spots, between which are two dots of yellow, the tip being cine-
reous ; the posterior wings fulvous, with a black margin. Expanse of the

wings, 2 inches.

Syn. Hesperia (U.) Busiris, Fabr. Hnt. Syst. IIL. 1. p. 345. Hne. Meéth. 9. 758.

Hapitar.

SPECIES.

“Tn India,” (Fabricius).

HESPERIA CELSUS.
Plate LII. fig. 3.

Hesperia CELsvs : alis supra nigris, subtus brunneo-fuscis ; anticis utrinque fascia
transversa rufo-flavida ; posticis supra immaculatis, infra cinerascenti-pulveru-
lentis, margine externo strigaque transversa brunneo-fuscis. Expans. alar.
une, 13.

Hesperia: with the wings above black, beneath rich brown ; the anterior on both
sides with a transverse fascia of reddish yellow ; the posterior pair immaculate
above, beneath sprinkled ashy, with the outer margin and a transverse bar rich
brown. Hxpanse of the wings, 13 inch.

Syn. Hesperia (U.) Celsus, Pabr. Ent. Syst. IIL. 1. p. 346. Ene. Méth. 9. 759.
Papilio Hiarbas, Cramer, pl. 18, fig. #2
Hesperia (U.) Thyrsis, Pabr. Hné. Syst. ILI. 1. p. 3332

Hapirat.

SECTION.
FaMIty.
GENUS.

SPECIES.

“Tn Indiis,” (Fabricius.) Brazil, (Zine. I éth.)

ZEUZERA MINEA. t
Plate LITT. fig. 1, male. 1a, female.

Lepipoptera Nocturna. Phalena, Linneus.
Herrauip#, Leach.
ZevzERA, Latreille, Stephens.

ZevzERA Minea: cyanea, alis concoloribus aurantiis, maculis fasciaque media
longitudinali cyaneis. Expans. alar. unc. 3—4.

83

LEPIDOPTERA.

ZEUZERA : cyaneous, with all the wings coloured alike, orange, with cyaneous spots,
and a broad central longitudinal bar of the same colour.

Expanse of the wings,
from 3 to 4 inches.

Donovan observes that ‘‘ Cramer has given the figure of a small specimen of this
fine Phalena under the trivial name of Mineus. This is evidently of the male; the
antenne of which are not, however, very correctly expressed. Both sexes of this rare
insect are represented in the annexed plate, the drawings of which were taken from
specimens met with in Bengal, by Mr. Fichtel of Vienna. The originals are at this
time in the cabinet of the Emperor of Germany.” The same insect, but apparently
from a very indifferent specimen, is figured by Eschscholtz in Kotzebue’s Entdeckungs

Reise in die Sud. See, &c. Weimar, 1821, p. 219, pl. 11, jig. 29, under the name of
Zeuzera viridicans.

ZEUZERA SCALARIS.
Plate LITI. fig. 2.

Species. ZEUZERA SCALARIS: nivea ; thorace utrinque linea fulva ; alis niveis, anticis strigis
numerosissimis transversalibus abbreviatis nigris, striaque longitudinali fulva,
posticis immaculatis. Expans. alar. unc. 21.

ZEUZERA : snow-white ; the thorax on each side with a fulvous line ; wings snow-
white, the anterior with many short transverse black lines and a fulvous longi-
tudinal line, the posterior immaculate. Expanse of the wings, 2} inches.

Syy. Cossus Scalaris, Yabr. Ent. Syst. IL. 1. p. 5. Mant. Ins. 2. p. 135, (Hepialus s.)

Described by Fabricius, from a specimen in the cabinet of Mr. Monson, as a
native of China. The specimen represented in the annexed plate was brought from
. Bengal, and is, as well as the preceding, at this time in the cabinet of the Emperor
of Austria.

LITHOSIA SANGUINOLENTA.
Plate LIII. fig. 3.

Famity. lLirnosiup#, Stephens.
Genus. Lrrnosra, Fabricius. Callimorpha p. Latreille.

Species. LiraostaA SANGUINOLENTA : alis incumbentibus, niveis, anticis costa sanguinea, per
thoracis partem anticam ducta, posticis maculis atris ; abdomine fulvo annulis
nigris, Expans. alar. 25 une.

M 2

84

LEPIDOPTERA.

Litnosta: with the wings incumbent, snow-white ; the anterior with the front
edge sanguineous, which is carried across the front of the thorax ; posterior pair
spotted with black ; abdomen fulvous with black rings. Expanse of the wings,
21 inches. /

Syn. Bombyx sanguinolenta, Pubr. Lnt. Syst. IIL 1. p. 473.

Donovan observes that this is a rare species, and that his specimen was received
from Bombay.

PSILURA FIGURA.

Plate LIV. fig. 1.

Faminy. Arctips, Stephens. Phalena, (Bombyx p.) Linneus.
Genus. Psinura, Stephens. Liparis p. Ochs. Laria p. Schrank.

Species. Psitura Ficura: alis anticis albidis, fusco nigroque maculatis, medio figura 7 nigra
notatis ; posticis cinereis; abdomine carneo. Expans. alar. unc. 34.

PsinuRA: with the anterior wings whitish, spotted with brown and black, and
marked in the middle with a black character like the figure 7 ; posterior wings
cinereous ; abdomen pink. Expanse of the wings, 3} inches.

Donovan states that he received this nondescript species from Madras. As it
agrees with our common moth, the black arches (Ps. Monacha) in its general cha-
racter, and in the peculiar pink colouring of the abdomen, I have placed it in the
genus of which that species is the type. In the markings of the wings, however, it
seems to make a nearer approach to the tussock moths.

OPHIUSA? STRIGATA.

Plate LIV. fig. 2.

Famity. Nocrurpm, Stephens. Phalena, (Noctua) Linnwus.
Gunus. Oputusa? Ochs. T'r. Steph. Ophideres? Boisduval Faune de UOceanie, p. 245.

Species. Opurusa Srricata: “alis anticis fuscis, litura longitudinali viridi ; posticis luteis,
lunula limboque nigris.” (Donovan). Expans. alar. une. 3.

85

LEPIDOPTERA.

Oputusa : with the “anterior wings brown, with a longitudinal green daub ;
posterior pair yellowish, with a lunar spot and border of black.” Expanse of
the wings, 3 inches.

Donovan observes that ‘‘ this moth agrees entirely with the Noctua Dioscorex of
Fabricius, (Ent. Syst. t. 3, p.2, p. 16, n. 26.) except in having a large green streak
on the upper wings. It appears, indeed, to have been hitherto confounded with that
species, either as a sexual difference, or variety; but we are persuaded it is neither.
Both sexes of N. Dioscorex, in particular, have occurred to our observation, without
this streak. Found in Bengal.”’ It should be observed, however, that Fabricius, not
only in this, but also in the allied species Materna, (figured by Drury, vol. 2, ¢. 13.)
states that the colour of the anterior wings is liable to great variation. The emargina-
tion of the posterior margin of the fore wings in this figure, is also noticed by Fabricius
under Dioscorez, and is probably a sexual character.

EREBUS HIEROGLYPHICUS.
Plate LIV. fig. 3.

Genus. Enresus, Latreille. Thysania, Dalm. Noctua, Fabricius.

Species. Eresus Hisrociypuicus: alis dentatis, atris; anticis fascia subapicali abbreviata
albida maculaque subocellari; posticis margine bisinuato. Expans. alar. une.
Eresus : with the wings dentated, black; the anterior with a short whitish line
near the tip, and a large central ocellated spot; the posterior immaculate with
two deep notches. Expanse of the wings, 3}—4 inches.
Syn. Phalena (Noctua) hieroglyphica, Drury App. vol. 2, pl. 2, fig. 1. Oliv. Enc. Méth.
8. 253. Fabr. Ent. Syst. II. 2. p. 11.
Phalena Magdouia, Cramer Pap. pl. 174, fig. P.

«Common in the East Indies.’’—Donovan.

86

Order. NEUROPTERA. JLinneus.

MYRMELEON PARDALIS.
Plate LV. fig. 1.

Section. Puanrpennes, Latreille. (Filicornes.)

Famity. Myruereonrp®, Leach.

GENUS. Myrmeteon, Linn. &e.

Species. Myrue.eon Parpauis: alis albis, maculis plurimis nigris sparsis, pedibus nigris
femoribus flavis, corpore flavo nigroque vario, Expans. alar. unc. 3}.

MyrMeteon : with the wings white, with many black dots scattered over them,

especially in the anterior pair ; legs black, with the thighs yellow ; body varied
with yellow and black. Expanse of the wings, 3} inches.

Syy. Myrmeleon Pardalis, Pabr. Ent. Syst. 2. p. 92.

MYRMELEON PUNCTATUM.
Plate LV. fig. 2.

Species. MyrmeLron Puncratum: alis hyalino-albidis, venis e punctis nivels nigrisque
alternis reticulatis, punctoque magno niveo stigmaticali ; pedibus flavescentibus.
Expans. alar. unc. 24.
Myrmetron : with the wings hyaline whitish, with the veins reticulated alternately
with black and white, and with a large white stigmal spot, legs yellowish. Ex-
pase of the wings, 24 inches.

Sxyx. Myrmeleon Punctatum, Fabr. Hint. Syst. 2. p. 94.

Donovan observes upon the two preceding species —* Few species of the Myrme-
leon genus have been discovered. Linnzeus describes only five, and those are chiefly
natives of Hurope. Fabricius adds seven more, besides three others in the eenera
Ascalaphus, in the Entomologia Systematica, and particularly two from Trea the
cabinet of Sir Joseph Banks, Bart. M. Pardalis and M. Punctatum; these are the only
Indian Myrmeleons hitherto ascertained; to the Entomologist they are equally in-
teresting as new and unfigured species, but M. Pardalis is much superior in beauty to
the other. The characteristic distinction of M. Punctatum, is the alternate black and
white specks, or interrupted dashes in the reticulations of the wings. M. Pardalis is

87

NEUROPTERA.

reticulated also with delicate brownish nerves, its general colour a fine yellow elegantly
barred with transverse streaks of brown; it is from the coast of Caromandal

The natural history of the Myrmeleon-larva is curious, and has been traced in
some of the Huropean kinds by Reaumur, Roesel, and others, particularly in the M.
Formica-Leo of Geoffroy ; this creature, among other peculiarities, is furnished in the
front with a large pair of forceps, with which it takes its prey. It forms circular
cavities in the sand, and concealing itself in the centre with only the forceps above
the surface, catches the weaker or unwary insects that come within the verge of
its cell.

Ordr. HYMENOPTERA, Linnews.

CHRYSIS IMPERIALIS.
Plate LVI. fig. 1.

Section. TusuLirera, Latreiile.
Famity. CuHrysipip#, Leach.
Genus. Curysis, Linneus.

Species. Curysis Imprrratis: “thorace viridi, fascia cyanea; abdomine antice cyaneo
violaceoque fasciato, medio aureo, postice rubro, quadri-dentato.”—Donovan.
Long. Corp. 2 une.
Curysis : with the thorax green, with a blue band ; anterior part of the abdomen
blue fasciated with violet, golden in the middle, posterior end red, with four
teeth. Length of the body, 2 of an inch.

Syn. Chrysis fasciata, Donovan, 1st edit. nec Chrysis fasciata, Fabr. Syst. Piez. p. 175.

“This charming insect is from Tranquebar, where we have every reason to believe
it to be uncommonly rare. The species does not appear to be described by any
author, the only specimen we are acquainted with is in the cabinet of the Right Hon.

Sir J. Banks, Bart.’’—Donovan.
This species must not be confounded with the Chrysis fasciata of Fabricius, a

88

HYMENOPTERA.

South American species, for which it will be convenient to retain the specific name of
C. fasciata, (especially as it is now impossible to decide the priority of the employment
of the name fasciata between Fabricius or Donovan, both having been published in
the year 1804.) I have, therefore, proposed for Donovan’s insect a name, which
will not be thought inapplicable.

STILBUM OCULATUM.
Plate LVI. fig. 2.

Genus. Sritpum, Spinola. Chrysis p. Mabricius, Donovan.
Species. Srinpum Ocunatum : viride, nitens, punctatum; abdomine rotundato, viride, versus

apicem utrinque macula ocellata aurea ; ano ceruleo sex-dentato. Long. Corp.

une. 4.

STILBuM: green, shining, punctured ; abdomen rounded above, green, with an eye-
like golden spot on each side near the tip; anus blue with six teeth. Length of
the body, $ an inch.

Syn. Chrysis oculata, Fabr. Ent. Syst. 2, p. 239. Sp. Ins. p. 455. Syst. Piez. p. 171.

*Chrysis oculata is distineuished for the peculiar brilliancy of its colours. Ii
was found by Dr. Kcenig at Tranquebar. Fabricius describes this insect from a
specimen in the collection of Sir Joseph Banks, Bart.; from whence our figure is
also taken. We have since received the same kind from Bengal, through the medium
of Mr. Fichtel of Vienna.’’—Donovan.

STILBUM SPLENDIDULUM.
Plate LVI. fig. 3.

Species. Stirpum SpPLENDIDULUM: viride, cyaneo nitidum; abdomine rotundato; ano
ceruleo quadri-dentato ; pedibus viridibus, tibiis fuscis, Long. Corp. 5%, une.

STILBUM: green, shining with blue; abdomen rounded above; anus blue, with
four teeth ; legs green, with brown tibix. Length of the body, 5°, of an inch.

Ce)
Syy. Chrysis splendidula, Fabr. Sp. Ins. p. 454. Ent. Syst. IL. p. 238. Syst. Pies. p. 170.
Donovan states that this species is “very scarce, and that it is a native of
ranquebar, where it was discovered by Dr. Keenig. Fabricius describes this insect
from a specimen in the cabinet of Sir J oseph Banks, Bart. A variety of the same

89

HYMENOPTERA.

species is found in New Holland.” It is most probable that the Australasian spe-
cimens constitute a distinct but very closely allied species. The Stilbum princeps of
G. R. Gray, figured in Griffith’s Animal Kingdom, Insects, p/. 77, from the collection
of the Rev. F. W. Hope, is from Melville Island, and is perhaps identical with the
New Holland variety, mentioned by Fabricius and Donovan.

VESPA CINCTA.

Plate LVII. fig. 1.

Section. AcuLeata, Latreille.

Famity. Versprp#, Leach.

Genus. Vespa, Linneus.

Sprctes. Vespa Crncta : nigra ; capite nigro ; thorace maculato scutelloque obscuro, fulvis ;
abdomine atro fascia ferruginea; alis ferrugineis, basi nigris. Long. Corp.
une. l.

Vespa: black, with the head black ; thorax with two spots on each side before

the wings, and the scutellum obscure fulvous ; abdomen black, with a ferru-

ginous or fulvous bar ; wings ferruginous ; black at the base. Length of the

body, 1 inch.

Syy. Vespa cincta, Fabr. Ent. Syst. 2. p. 253. Syst. Piex. p. 253. St. Largeaw Hist. Nat.
Hymenopt. 1. p. 505.
Sphex tropica, Sulzer. Hist. Ins. tab. 27, Sig. 5.

Either this species is subject to considerable variation in its colours, or (which
appears to me to be the case,) several distinct species have been confounded together
under the name of V. cincta. Fabricius describes V. cincta from Tranquebar with
the characters which I have abstracted above, adding a variety from the Cape of Good
Hope, and a species under the name of V. affinis, being, as he says, ‘* Nimis affinis
V. cinctz.” M. le Comte de Saint Fargeau has also described two other varieties,
under the name of cincta, neither of which precisely agree with the Fabrician

character.

90

HYMENOPTERA.

EUMENES PETIOLATA.

Plate LVILI. fig. 2.

Genus. Evumenss, Latreille.

Species. Evumenes Perionata: capite ferrugineo fascia verticali nigra ; thorace ferrugineo,
antice flavo ; petiolo ferrugineo, basi fasciaque subapicali nigris, utrinque dente
parvo armato ; segmento secundo abdominis fascia atra, reliquis flavescentibus.
Long. Corp. une. 14.

Eumenes : with the head ferruginous, with a black vertical line ; thorax ferru-
ginous, pale yellow in front; petiole ferruginous, with the base and a band
near the tip black armed on each side with a small tooth ; second abdominal
segment with a black band, the remaining segments yellowish. Length of the
body, 1} inch.

Syy. Vespa petiolata, Mabr. Hnt. Syst. 2. p. 278. Syst. Piex. p. 284.

Donovan states that ‘ this, with the foregoing species, is remarkably common in
many parts of the Hast Indies. Fabricius speaks of it as a native of Malabar.’ The
Chinese Vespa conica of Fabricius does not appear to be specifically distinct from the
present species.

EUMENES ARCUATA.
Plate LVII. fig. 3.

Eumenes Arcuata : nigra, fronte orbituque oculorum flavis ; thorace flavo maculato
et sub scutello flavo, cruce nigra notato ; petiolo elongato incurvo atro, maculis
duabus mediis et duabus ante apicem flavis ; segmento secundo abdominis fasciis
duabus, reliquis unica, interruptis flavis. Long. Corp. 1} une.

Evumenes: black, with the face and the edges of the eyes yellow ; thorax with
yellow spots, behind the scutellum yellow with a black cross ; petiole long,
incurved, black, with two spots at the middle and two near the tips of yellow ;
second abdominal segment with two bands, the remainder with one, all being
interrupted in the middle and yellow, Length of the body, 14 inch.

Syn, Vespa armata, Fabr. Ent. Syst. 2. p. 276. Syst. Piez. p. 287.

“Described by Fabricius as a native of New Holland; we have received it
Madras.” —Donovan.

oil

HYMENOPTERA.

POLISTES MACAENSIS.
Plate LVII. fig. 4,

Genus. Poutstes, Latreille,

Species. Poristes Macarnsis : capite flavo, inter oculos nigro ; thorace flavo, dorso obscu-
ruro, lineis tribus nigris ; scutello flavo bilineato ; abdomine flavo strigis tribus
undatis. Long Corp. une. 1.

Pouistes : with the head yellow, black between the eyes ; thorax yellow, darker
above, with three black longitudinal lines ; scutellum yellow, with two transverse
lines ; abdomen yellow, with three waved black transverse lines. Length of the
body, 1 inch.

Syy. Vespa Macaensis, Fabr. Ent. Syst. 2. p. 259. Syst. Piez. p. 272.

“The specimen from which our figure is copied, is in the cabinet of the Right
Hon. Sir J. Banks, Bart., from Macao.”—Donovan. It is also very common in China,
and appears to be the species so frequently represented in the drawings sent to this
country, together with its nest, which is attached to the twigs of trees, and is com-
posed of cells without any outer covering.

POLISTES TEPIDA.
Plate LVII. fig. 5.

Species. Poxistes Teprpa : capite nigro; labro ferrugineo ; thorace nigro ; collare punctis-
que duobus magnis dorsalibus ferrugineis ; abdominis segmento primo nigro,
secundo et tertio nigris, margine ferrugineo, reliquis totis ferrugineis. Long.
Corp. 5% une.

Po.istEs : with the head black ; upper lip ferruginous ; thorax black ; collar and
two large dorsal spots ferruginous ; first segment of abdomen black, second and
third black with the margin ferruginous, the remainder entirely ferruginous.
Length of the body, ®ths of an inch,

Syn. Vespa tepida, Fabr Ent. Syst. 2. p. 262. Syst. Piez. p. 271.

Fabricius gives as the habitat of this insect, “‘ Nova Hollandia, Mus. Dom.
Banks.”

92

HYMENOPTERA.

XYLOCOPA NASALIS. ?.
Plate LVII. fig. 6.

Famity. Apipa, Leach.

Genus. Xytocopa, Fabricius. Apis p. Linneus.

Species. Xytocorpa Nasauis: nigra, nitida; subtus pedibusque hirsutissimis ; alis nigris,
purpureo (ad basin), viridique (ad apicem) ; nitentibus, facie sub antennas in
feemina alba. Long. Corp. 14 une.

Xytocopa : black, shining ; under side of the body and the legs very hairy ; wings
ome! . 1 nT x,
black, shining with purple at the base, and green towards the tips; the nose
white in the female. Length of the body, 1} inch.

Syy. Xylocopa violacea, Donovan, 1st edit.

Donovan appears to have been in doubt as to the propriety of considering this
very common Chinese insect as identical with the south of Kurope X. violacea,
Tinneus, with which it has hitherto been confounded. It is, however, much more
elongated than that species, and is distinguished by the white nose of the female,
whence I have proposed for it the specific name of X. nasalis.

Orders DIPTERA. Linneus.

DIOPSIS INDICA.
Plate LVITI.

Famity. Muscipam, Leach.
Genus. Dropsis, Linneus.
Species, Duropsrs Inpica : ferruginea, oculis, thorace toto, abdomine postice, alraum macula

apicali, spinisque scutellaribus nigris. Long. Corp. lin. 4. Expans. alar. lin. 6.

Diopsis: ferruginous, with the eyes, thorax, posterior part of the abdomen, terminal
spot on the wings, and scutellar spines black.

Length of the body, 4 lines.
Expanse of the wings, 6 lines.

93

DIPTERA.

Syn. Diopsis Indica, Westw. in Trans. Soc. Linn. vol. 17, p. 299.
Diopsis Ichneumonea, Donovan, 1st edit.

The appearance of this curious insect is peculiarly striking. Nothing can be
more singular than the disposition of the eyes, which are situated at the extremity
of two long immoveable pedicles arising from the head, most exactly in that part
which in other insects bears the antenns. In this particular the Diopsis differs not
only from other insects of the kindred genera, but also from all the other kinds we
are acquainted with. Some few of the Cancri, &c. have indeed the eyes placed at
the extremity of elongated pedicles, as is, for example, instanced in the Cancer angu-
latus, yet these are obviously dissimilar in construction, for they are moveable at the
base, and may be directed towards any object, at the will of the animal, with the
utmost facility ; but to accomplish this, the motion of the pedicle in the Diopsis must
be necessarily accompanied by that of the head, or even of the whole body. The eyes
of the latter are notwithstanding so conveniently stationed at the globular extremity
of the pedicles, as to embrace a far more comprehensive range of sight than is usual
with the generality of insects.

To the inexperienced entomologist, the Diopsis would rather seem to be furnished
with remarkable horns, and to be destitute of eyes, although the latter are so very
conspicuous when they are pointed out; it is, on the contrary, the true horns, or
antenne, that are so minute as to be most likely to escape attention, for each of these
consists only of a single setaceous hair, or bristle, seated on a very small tubercle
just beneath the eye.

It has been previously intimated, in the observations on the genus Paussus, that
the first account of the Diopsis was inserted in a small tract published by Linnzeus,
at Upsal, in 1775. From this we learn, that both the Diopsis and the Paussus were
found by Andreas Dahl, among a parcel of insects in the possession of Dr. Fothergill,
of London, by whom they were sent to Linneus. These consisted chiefly of insects
collected in North America and Guinea, but the habitat, either of the Paussus, or the
Diopsis in particular, it is very certain was by no means exactly known. _Puessly
notwithstanding describes the D. ichneumonea, upon this ambiguous authority only,
as a native of Cayenne, and after him Gmelin notes the same insect from South
America, and Guinea, perhaps with as little reason. Latreille tells us it is from the
coast of Angola, on the information of Perrin, a zealous naturalist of Bordeaux.
Donovan’s specimens of the insects here figured, and which he says are most
assuredly the Diopsis ichneumonea of Linnzeus, were brought from Bengal, where they

O4

DIPTERA.

were discovered by Mr. Fichtel, who, he adds, has thus established the habitat of this
singular creature beyond dispute.

Linneus, to whom only an individual species of Diopsis was known, as usual with
him under such circumstances, does not assign to it any specific character. Donovan
states that he was acquainted with another species of this genus, @ native of Africa,
in the collection of T. Marsham, Esq. which rendered a deviation from his example
excusable, although the latter was at the time undescribed.

Since the preceding observations by Donovan was written, great additions have
been made to this curious genus. Fabricius, like Donovan, adopted the Linnean
specific name ichneumonea, but confounded under that name two species distinct
from each other, and from the original species. Iiger added another species, D.
nigra. Dalman described three new African species ; Weidemann another, which he
named in honour of Dalman; and Gray another, D. Sykesii, in Griffith’s Animal
Kingdom. More recently, in the seventeenth volume of the Transactions of the
Linnewan Society, I have published a monograph upon the genus, in which I have
described thirty-one species, giving coloured figures of the greater portion. All of
these species, (with the exception of D. brevicornis of Say, which belongs to a dis-
tinct subgenus,) are natives of the old world, inhabiting Guinea, Sierra Leone,
Senegal, the Cape of Good Hope, Arabia, and the Hast Indies.

In this monograph I have endeavoured to prove, that Guinea, or the adjacent
parts of Western Africa, is the true locality of D. ichneumonia; whilst Donovan’s
species, which belongs to a distinct section of the genus with the spot on the wings
terminal, (and not merely a sub-apical fascia, as in D. ichneumonia,) I have given as
a distinct species, under the name of D. Indica.

eX IIE Jato) AU OO IN DOS,

Tn this Index the names employed both in the present and former editions are introduced, in order to render the refer-

ences which have been made by writers to the former edition available. The names, generic, sub-geueric, or specific, first

employed in the present edition are distinguished by a *.

*Acanthosoma uniguttata, Pl. 14, f. 5.
*Anthia *6-guttata, Pl 4, f. 1.
*Anthocharis Danae, Pl. 26, f. 2.
*Anthocaris Eucharis, Pl. 27, f. 4.
*Anthocaris Genutia, Pl. 27, f. 5.
*Argynnis Thyelia, Pl. 31, f. 3.
*Aphana? festiva, Pl. 7, f. 2.

Apis violacea, Pl. 57, f. 6.
*Biblis Hiarbas, Pl. 32, f. 3.
*Brachinus bimaculatus, Pl. 4, f. 2.
Buprestis Ainea, Pl. 3, f. 3.
Buprestis Chrysis, Pl. 3, f. 2.
Buprestis *(Sternocera) Chrysis Pl. 3, f. 2.
Buprestis *(Sphenoptera ?) confusa, Pl. 3, f. 3.
Buprestis 4-maculata, Pl. 3, f. 4.

Buprestis *(Anthaxia) 4-maculata, Pl. 3, f. 4.
Buprestis sternicornis, Pl. 3, f. 1.
Buprestis *(Sternocera) sternicornis, Pl. 3, i We
*Calandra palmarum, Pl. 6, f. 2.

Carabus bimaculatus, Pl. 4, f. 2.

Carabus 6-maculatus, Pl. 4, f. 1.

*Castnia Evalthe, Pl. 22.

*Cethosia Cyane, Pl. 35, f. 2.

*Cethosia Cydippe, Pl. 34, f. 1.

Cetonia cerulea, Pl. 2, f. 5.

Cetonia Histrio, Pl. 2, f. 4,

Chrysis fasciata, Pl. 56, f. 1.

Chrysis imperialis, Pl. 56, f. 1.

Chrysis oculata, Pl. 56, f. 2.

Chrysis spiendidula, Pl. 56, f. 3.

Cicada Indica, Pl. 8, f. 3.

Cicada *speciosa, Pl. 8, f. 3.

Cimex cruciatus, Pl. 14, f. 3.
Cimex mactans, Pl. 14, f. 4.

Cimex nigripes, Pl. 14, f. 1.

Cimex papillosus, Pl. 14, f. 2.
Simex serratus, Pl. 14, f. 7.

Cimex uniguttatus, Pl. 14, f. 5.
Cimex viridis, Pl. 14, f. 6.

*Colias *(Callidryas) Scylla, Pl. 28, f. 3.
Curculio palmarum, Pl. 6, f. 2.
Curculio regalis, Pl. 6, f. 1.
*Danais affinis, Pl. 25, f. 2.

Diopsis ichneumonea, PI, 58.
Diopsis *Indica, Pl. 58.

*Dynastes *(Chalcosoma) Atlas, Pl. 1.
*Erebus hieroglyphicus, Pl. 54, f. 3.
*Erycina Almulius, Pl. 44, f. 2.
*Erycina (Zemeros) Allica, Pl. 37, f. 2.
*Erycina *Athemon, Pl. 46, f. 3.
*Erycina? Bibulus, Pl. 46, f. 1.
*Erycina? Livius, Pl. 46, f. 4.
*Erycina Lucanus, Pl. 43, f 4.
*Erycina Ovidius, Pl. 46, f. 7.
*Erycina Petronius, Pl. 43, f 2.
*Erycina? Plutargus, Pl. 48, f. 3.
*Erycina Ptolomeus, Pl. 46, f. 6.
*Erycina Regulus, Pl. 43, f. 3.
*Evycina Tarquinius, Pl. 44, f 1.
*Erycina Thucydides, Pl. 43, f. 1.
*Eumenes arcuata, Pl. 57, f. 3.
*Eumenes petiolata, Pl. 57, f. 2.

c

Fulgora festiva, Pl. 7, fig. 2.
Fulgora hyalinata, Pl. 7, f. 3.
Fulgora lineata, Pl. 8, f. 1.
Fulgora pallida, Pl. 8, f. 2.
Fulgora *pyrorhina, Pl. 7, f 1.
Fulgora pyrorhynchus. Pl. 7, f. 1.
Gryllus monstrosus, Pl. 12, f. 3.
Gryllus punctatus, Pl. 12, f 2.

Gryllus reticulatus, Pl. 12, f. 1.
*Goniapteryx Merula, Pl. 27, f 1.
*Gymnetis cerulea, Pl. 2, f. 5.
*Gymnopleurus Keenigii, Pl. 2, f. 3.
*Gymnopleurus, miliaris, Pl. 2, f. 2.
*Hesperia Augias, Pl. 48, f. 1.

*Hesperia Busiris, Pl. 52, f. 2.

*Hesperia Catullus, Pl. 50, f. 4.

*Hesperia Celsus, Pl. 52, f. 3.

*Hesperia Chemnis, Pl. 49, f. 1.

*Hesperia Ennius, Pl. 15, f. 1.

*Hesperia Epictetus, PJ. 48, f. 4.

*Hesperia Galenus, Pl. 50, f. 3.

*Hesperia Jovianus, Pl. 50, f. 1.

*Hesperia *(Hantis) Mithridates, Pl. 42, f. 3.
*Hesperia Numitor, Pl. 44, f. 3.

*Hesperia Oreus, Pl. 52, f. 1.
*Hesperia Origines, Pl. 41, f. 2
*Hesperia Polybius, Pl. 51, f.
*Hesperia Propertius. Pl. 47,
*Hesperia Salvianus, Pl. 50, f. 2.

*Hesperia Spio, Pl. 50, f. 5.

*Hesperia *(Eantis) Thrasibulus, Pl. 49, f. 4.
*Hesperia Thrax, Pl. 49, f. 2.

*Hesperia Tibullus, Pl. 47, f 3.

*Hesperia Zeleucus, Pl. 51, f. 3.
*Hipparchia Arcesilaus, Pl. 30, f. 2.
*Hipparchia Baldus, Pl. 36, f. 2.
*Hipparchia Crantor, Pl. 37, f. 4.

*Idea agelia, Pl. 24.

*Leptocircus Curius, Pl. 47, f. 1.

Lithosia sanguinolenta, Pl. 53, f. 3.

Locusta Amboinensis, Pl. 13, f. 1.

Locusta citrifolia, Pl. 13, f. 2.

*Locusta *(Phymatea) punctata, Pl. 12, f. 2.

*Locusta *(Monachidia) reticulata, Pl. 12, f. 1.

2.
f. 2.

96 ALPHABETICAL INDEX.

Mantis Gigas, Pl. 9.

Mantis siccifolia, Pl. 11, f. 1. 2.
Mantis viridis, Pl. 10.

*Morpho Menetho, Pl. 30, f. 1.
Myrmeleon Pardalis, Pl. 54, f. 1.
Myrmeleon punctatum, Pl. 55, f. 2.
*Nymphalis *Ancewa, Pl. 37, f. 3.
*Nymphalis Auge, Pl. 36, f. 4.
*Nymphalis Crenobita, Pl. 35, f. 3.
*Nymphalis *(Aconthea) cocalia, Pl. 36, f. 1.
*Nymphalis cocles, Pl. 23, f. 2.
*Nymphalis Dirce, Pl. 34, f. 2.
*Nymphalis Eribotes, Pl. 33, f. 3.
*Nymphalis Eurinome, Pl. 34, f. 3.
*Nymphalis Fatima, Pl. 31, f. 2.
*Nymphalis Gnidia, Pl. 32, f. 2.
*Nymphalis Hippona, Pl. 35, f. 1.
*Nymphalis Isodore, Pl. 33, f. 4.
*Nymphalis Isis, Pl 33, f. 1.
*Nymphalis Liberia, Pl. 30, f. 4.
*Nymphalis *Lirissa, Pl. 37, f. 5.
*Nymphalis Octavius, Pl. 29, f. 2.
*Nymphalis *Orsis, Pl. 30, f. 3.
*Nymphalis Periander, Pl. 37, f. 1.
*Nymphalis Phegea, Pl. 31, f. 1.
*Nympbalis Philomela, Pl. 25, f. 3.
*Nymphalis Phoreys, Pl. 33, f. 2.
*Nymphalis *(Charaxes) Pyrrhus, Pl. 29, f. 3.
*Nymphalis *(Charaxes) Tiridates, Pl. 25, f. 3.
*Onthopagus spinifex, Pl. 2, f. 1.
*Ophuisa strigata, Pl. 54, f. 2.
*Ornithopterus Heliacon, Pl. 19, f. 1.
*Ornithopterus Priamus, Pl. 16.
*Oruithopterus *Remus, Pl. 18.
Pausus denticornis, Pl. 5, f. 1.
Pausus Fichtelii, Pl. 5, f. 3.

Pausus pilicornis, Pl. 5, f. 4.
Pausus thoracicus, Pl. 5, f. 2.
*Paussus Fichtelii, Pl. 5, f. 3.
*Paussus pilicornis, Pl. 4, f. 4.
*Paussus thoracicus, Pl. 5, f. 2.
Papilio Achzeus, Pl. 41, f 4.
Papilio Aamulius, Pl. 44, f. 2.
Papilio Adolus, Pl. 42, f. 1.

Papilio Afiinis, Pl. 25, f. 2.
Papilio Allica, Pl. 37, f. 2.
Papilio Amaryllis, Pl. 28, f. 1.
Papilio Antenor, Pl. 15, f. 1.
Papilio Antiphus, Pl. 15, f. 2.
Papilio Arcesilaus, Pl. 30, f. 2.
Papilio Astyanax, Pl. 20, f. 1.
Papilio Auge, Pl. 36, f. 4.
Papilio Augias, Pl. 48, f. 1.
Papilio Baldus, Pl. 36, f. 2.
Papilio Bibulus, Pl. 46, f. 1.
Papilio Blandina, Pl. 30, f. 3.
Papilio Busiris, Pl. 52, f. 2.
Papilio Cacta, Pl. 29, f. 1.
Papilio Ceenobita, Pl. 35, f. 3.
Papilio Ceenus, Pl. 46, f. 3.
Papilio Castalia, Pl. 28, f. 2.
Papilio Catullus, Pl. 50, f. 4.
Papilio Celsus, Pl. 52, f. 3.
Papilio Chemnis, Pl. 49, f. 1.
Papilio Chiton, Pl. 39, f. 1.
Papilio Cocalia, Pl. 36, f. 1.
Papilio Cocles, Pl. 23, f. 2.
Papilio Crantor, Pl. 37, f. 4.
Papilio Curius, Pl. 47, f. 1.
Papilio Cyane, Pl. 35, f. 2.
Papilio Cydippe, Pl. 34, f. 1.
Papilio Danae, Pl. 26, f. 2.
Papilio Deiphobus, Pl. 17, f. 2.
Papilio Dirce, Pl. 34, f. 2.
Papilio Empedocles, Pl. 17, f. 1.
Papilio Ennius, Pl. 51, f. 1.
Papilio Epictetus, Pl. 48, f. 4.
Papilio Eribotes, Pl. 33, f. 3.
Papilio Eucharis, Pl. 27, f. 4.
Papilio Eurinome, Pl. 34, f. 3.
Papilio Evalthe, Pl. 22.
Papilio Fatima, Pl. 31, f. 2.
Papilio Florus, Pl. 39, f. 4.
Papilio Galenus, Pl. 50, f. 3.
Papilio Genutia, Pl. 27, f. 5.
Papilio Gnidia, Pl. 32, f. 2.
Papilio Heliacon, Pl. 19, f. 1.
Papilio Herodotus, Pl. 39, f. 2.

ALPHABETICAL INDEX.

Papilio Hiarba, Pl. 32, f. 3.
Papilio Hippia, Pl. 25, f. 1.
Papilio Hippocrates, Pl. 45, f. 3.
Papilio Hippona, PI. DO ten lie
Papilio Hylax, Pl. 46, f. 2.
Papilio Ideeus, Pl. 19, f. 2.
Papilio Idea, Pl. 24.
Papilio Isidore, Pl. 33, f. 4.
Papilio Isis, Pl. 33, f. 1.
Papilio Jarbas, Pl. 40, f. 3.
Papilio Jovianus, Pl. 50, f. 1.
Papilio Judith, Pl. 27, f. 2.
Papilio Lacedemon, PI. 17, f. 3.
Papilio Lethe, Pl. 23, f. 1.
Papilio Leucippe, Pl. 26, f. 1.
Papilio Liberia, Pl. 30, f. 4.
Papilio Libythea, Pl. 27, f. 3.
Papilio Liria, Pl. 37, f. 5.
Papilio Lisias, Pl. 40, f 1.
Papilio Livius, Pl. 46, f. 4.
Papilio Lucanus, Pl. 43, f. 4.
Papilio Merula, Pl. 27, f. 1.
Papilio Melibeeus, Pl. 41, f. 1.
Papilio Menetho, PI. 30, f. 1.
Papilio Mithridates, Pl. 49, f. 3.
Papilio Nero, Pl. 32, f. 1.
Papilio Numitor, Pl. 44, f. 3.
Papilio Obrinus, Pl. 37, f. 3.
Papilio Octavius, Pl. 29, f. 2.
Papilio Orcus, Pl. 52, f. 1.
Papilio Origines, Pl. 48, f. 2.
Papilio Ovidius, Pl. 46, f. 7.
Papilio Pann, Pl. 38, f. 1.
Papilio Panthous, Pl. 18.
Papilio Parrhasius, Pl. 45, f. 5.
Papilio Periander, Pl. 37, f. 1.
Papilio Pericles, Pl. 42, f. 4.
Papilio Petronius, Pl. 43, f. 2.
Papilio Phegea, Pl. 31, f. 1.
Papilio Philippus, Pl. 42, f 3.
Papilio Philomela, Pl. 28, f. 3.
Papilio Phorbas, Pl. 41, f. 5.
Papilio Phorcys, Pl. 33, f. 2.
Papilio Pindarus, Pl. 38, f. 2.
0

oi

98

Papilio Plato, Pl. 45, f. 2.

Papilio Plinius, Pl. 45, f. 1.
Papilio Plutargus, Pl. 48, f. 3.
Papilio Polybius, Pl. 51, f 2.
Papilio Polymnestor, Pl. 20, f. 2.
Papilio Priamus, Pl. 16.

Papilio Propertius, Pl. 47, f. 2.
Papilio Ptolomeus, Pl. 46, f. 6.
Papilio Pyrrhus, Pl. 29, f. 3.
Papilio Pythagoras, Pl. 39, f. 3.
Papilio Regulus, Pl. 43, f. 3.
Papilio Romulus, Pl. 46, f. 5.
Papilio Salvianus, pPld0; £2.
Papilio Scylla, Pl. 28, f. 3.

Papilio Sophia, Pl. 36, f. 3.

Papilio Sophocles, Pl. 40, f. 2.
Papilio Spio, Pl. 50, f. 5.

Papilio Strephon, Pl. 42, f. 2.
Papilio Tarquinius, Pl. 44, f. 1.
Papilio Thales, Pl. 40, f. 4.

Papilio Theocritus, Pl. 45, f. 4.
Papilio Thucydides, Pl. 43, f. 1.
Papilio Thyelia, Pl 31, f. 3.
Papilio Tibullus, Pl. 47, f. 3.
Papilio Tiridates, Pl. 23, f. 3.
Papilio Thrasibulus, Pl. 49, f. 4.
Papilio Thrax, Pl. 49, f. 2.

Papilio Tyrtezus, Pl. 41, f. 2.
Papilio Ulysses, Pl. 21.

Papilio Vulcanus, Pl. 38, f. 3.
Papilio Xenophon, Pl. 41, f. 3.
Papilio Zeleucus, Pl. 51, f. 3.
*Pentatoma cruciata, Pl. 14, f. 3.
*Pentatoma mactans, Pl. 14, f. 4.
*Phasma *(Platycrana) Edule, Pl. 10.
*Phasma *(Cyphocrana) gigas, Pl. 9.
*Phyllium siccifolium, Pl. 11, f. 1. 2.
*Phyllophora Amboinensis, Pl. 13, f. 1.
*Phyllophora citrifolia, Pl. 13, f. 2.
Phalena figura, Pl. 54, f. 1.
Phalena hieroglyphica, Pl. 54, f, 3.
Phaleena Mineas, Pl. 53, f. 1.
Phaliena sanguinolenta, Pl. 53, f. 3.
Phalena scalaris, Pl. 53, f. 2.

ALPHABETICAL INDEX.

Phalena strigata, Pl. 54, f. 2.

*Pieris Amaryllis, Pl. 28, f. 1.

*Pieris Castalia, Pl. 28, f. 2.

*Pieris Hippia, Pl. 25, f. 1.

*Pieris Judith, Pl. 27, f. 2.

*Pieris *(Iphias) Leucippe, Pl. 26, f. 1.
*Pieris Libythea, Pl. 27, f. 3.

*Pieris Nero, Pl. 32, f. 1.
*Platyrhophalus denticornis, Pl. 5, f. 1.
*Polistes Macaensis, Pl. 57, f. 4.
*Polistes tepida, P1.°57, f. 5.
*Polyommatus Florus, Pl. 39, f. 4.
*Polyommatus Hippocrates, Pl. 45, f. 3.
*Polyommatus Hylax, Pl. 46, f. 2.
*Polyommatus Parrhasius, Pl. 45, f. 5.
*Polyommatus Plato, Pl. 45, f. 2.
*Polyommatus Plinius, Pl. 45, f. 1.
*Prepodes regalis, Pl. 6, f. 1.
*Pseudaphana hyalinata, Pl. 7, f. 3.
*Pseudaphana pallida, Pl. 8, f. 2.
Psilura figura, Pl. 54, f. 1.
*Raphigaster *incarnatus, Pl. 14, f. 1.
*Rhynchocoris hamata, Pl. 14, f. 7.
*Rhynchocoris viridis, Pl. 14, f. 6.
Scarabeus Atlas, Pl. 1.

Scarabeus Keenigii, Pl. 2, f. 3.
Scarabeeus miliaris, Pl. 2, f. 2.
Scarabzeus spinifex, Pl. 2, f. 1.
*Schizodactyla monstrosa, Pl. 12, f. 3.
*Stilbum oculatum, Pl. 56, f. 2.
*Stilbum splendidulum, Pl. 56, f.
*Tesseratoma papillosa, Pl. 14, f.
*Thecla Acheeus, Pl. 41, f. 4.
*Thecla Alolus, Pl. 42, f. 1.
*Thecla Chiton, Pl. 39, f. 1.
*Thecla Herodotus, Pl. 39, f. 2.
*Thecla *Isocrates, Pl. 38, f. 1.
*Thecla Jarbas, Pl. 40, f. 3.
*Thecla Lisias, Pl. 40, f. 1.
*Thecla Melibeeus, Pl. 41, f. 1.
*Thecla Pericles, Pl. 42, f. 4.
*Thecla Philippus, Pl. 42, f. 3.
*Thecla Phorbas, Pl. 41, f. 5.
*Thecla Pindarus, Pl. 88, f. 2.

3.
2.

*Thecla Pythagoras, Pl. 39, f. 3.
*Thecla Romulus, Pl. 46, f. 5.
*Thecla Strephon, Pl. 42, f. 2.
*Thecla Sophocles, Pl. 40, f. 2.
*Thecla Thales, Pl. 40, fi 4.
*Thecla Theocritus, Pl. 45, f. 4.
*Thecla Tyrtzus, Pl. 41, f. 2.
*Thecla Vulcanus, Pl. 38, f. 3.
*Thecla Xenophon, Pl. 41, f. 3.
*Vanessa cacta, Pl. 29, f. 1.

ALPHABETICAL INDEX. 99

*Vanesa Lethe, Pl. 23, f. 1.
*Vanessa Sophia, Pl. 36, f. 3.
Vespa arcuata, Pl. 57, f. 3.
Vespa cincta, Pl. 57, f. 1.
Vespa Macaensis, Pl. 57, f. 4.
Vespa petiolata, Pl. 57, f. 2.
Vespa tepida, Pl. 57, f. 5.
*Xylocopa *nasalis, Pl. 57, f. 6.
Zeuzera, Minea, Pl. 53, f. 1.
Zeuzera Scalaris, Pl. 53, f. 2.

SYSTEMATIC INDEX.

INSECTA.

IL—MOUTH WITH JAWS.

Order. COLEOPTERA Order. ORTHOPTERA.

Fp OG Z Family. PHasMip#.
amily. CARABIDE.

Anthia 6-guttata, Pl. 4, f 1.
Brachinus bimaculatus, Pl. 4, f. 2.

Phasma (Cyphocrana) Gigas, Pl. 9.
Phasma (Platycrana) Edule 9, Pl. 10.
Phyllium siccifolium, Pl. 11.

Family. SCARABAIDZ. Family. Locustip2.
Onthophagus spinifex, Pl. 2, f. 1. Locusta (Monachidia) reticulata, Pl. 12, f. 1.
Gymnopleurus miliaris, Pl. 2, f. 2. Locusta (Phymatea) punctata, Pl. 12, f. 2.

Gymnopleurus Keenigii, PJ. 2, fi 3. Family. Acwerip 2.

Family. Dywastip2. Schizodactyla monstrosa, Pl. 12, f. 3.
Dynastes (Chalcosoma) Atlas, Pl. 1. Family. GRYLLIDA.
Phyllophora Amboinensis, Pl. 13, f. 1.

Hones, Crsinorsitinn Phyllophora citrifolia, Pl. 13, £. 2.

Cetonia Histrio, Pl. 2, f. 4.

Gymnetis cerulea, Pl. 2, f. 5. Order. NEUROPTERA.
Harnily) BUrkesriae Family. MyrMe.roxip2.
M 1 i
Buprestis (Sternocera) sternicornis, Pl. 3, f. 1. eens cies pet i if
Buprestis (Sternocera) chrysis, Pl. 3, f. 2. Tiron eae ae a a rata

Buprestis (Sphenoptera?) confusa, Pl 3, f. 3.

Order. HYMEN .
Buprestis (Anthaxia) 4-maculata, Pl. 3, f. 4. dase MENOPTERA.

Family. Curysiw1p-x.

Family. Paussipx. Chrysis imperialis, Pl. 56, f. 1.
Platyrhopalus denticornis, Pl. 5, f. 1. Stilbum oculatum, Pl. 56, f. 2.
Paussus thoracicus, Pl. 5, f. 2. Stilbum splendidulum, Pl. 56, f. 3.

Paussus Fichtelii, Pl. 5, f. 3.

Family. Vesriw x.
Paussus pilicornis, Pl. 5, f. 4.

Vespa cincta, Pl. 57, f. 1.
Hanis. Contenenees Eumenes petiolata, Pl. D5 1m
Eumenes arcuata, Pl. Mio ak Bk
Polistes Macaensis, Pl. 57, f. 4.
Polistes tepida, Pl. 57, f. 5.

Xylocopa nasalis, Pl. On, fe 6.

Prepodes regalis, Pl. 6, f. 1.
Calandra palmarum, P). 6, f. 2.

Order. LEPIDOPTERA.

Family Papiiontpe.
Ornithopterus Priamus, Pl. 16.
Ornithopterus Remus, Pl. 18.
Ornithopterus Heliacon, Pl. 19, f. 1.
Papilio Antenor, Pl. 15, f. 1.

Papilio Antiphus, Pl. 15, f. 2.
Papilio Empedocles, Pl. 17, f. 1.
Papilio Deiphobus, Pl. 17, f. 2.
Papilio Lacedemon, Pl. 17, f. 3.
Papilio Ideeus, Pl. 19, f. 2.

SYSTEMATIC INDEX.

II.—MOUTH SUCTORIAL.

Nymphalis Eribotes, Pl. 33, f. 3.
Nymphalis Isidore, Pl. 33, f. 1.
Nymphalis Dirce, Pl. 34, f. 2.
Nymphalis Eurinome, Pl. 34, f. 3.
Nymphalis Hippona, Pl. 35. f. 1.
Nymphalis Cenobita, Pl. 35, f. 2.
Nymphalis Auge, Pl. 36, f. 4.
Nymphalis Periander, Pl. 37, f. 1.
Nymphalis Cocles, Pl. 23, f. 2.
Nymphalis Anca, Pl. 37, f. 3.
Nymphalis Lirissa, Pl. 37, f. 5.

101

Nymphalis (Charaxes) Tiridates, Pl. 23, f. 3.
Nymphalis (Charaxes) Athamas, Pl. 29, f. 3.
Nymphalis (Aconthea) Cocalia, Pl. 36, f. 1.

Papilio Astyanax, Pl. 20, f. 1.
Papilio Polymnestor, Pl. 20, f. 2.

Papilio Ulysses, Pl. 21.

Leptocireus Curius, Pl. 47, f. 1
Pieris Hippia, Pl. 25, f. 1.

Pieris Judith, Pl. 27, f. 2.

Pieris Libythea, Pl. 27, f. 3.

Pieris Amaryllis, Pl. 28, f. 1.

Pieris Castalia, Pl. 28, f. 2.

Pieris Nero, Pl. 32, f. 1.

Pieris (Iphias) Leucippe, Pl. 26, f. 1.
Anthocaris Danae, Pl. 26, f. 2.
Anthocaris Eucharis, Pl. 27, f. 4.
Anthocaris Genutia, Pl. 27, f. 5.
Goniapteryx Meerula, Pl. 27, f. 1.
Colias (Callidryas) Scylla, Pl. 28, f. 3.

Family, Heviconup#,

Idea Agelia, Pl. 24.
Danais affinis, Pl. 25, f. 2.

Family. NYMPHALID&.

Nymphalis Philomela, Pl. 25, f. 3.
Nymphalis Octavius, Pl. 29, f. 2.
Nymphalis Orsis, Pl. 30, f. 3.
Nymphalis Liberia, Pl. 30, f. 4.
Nymphalis? Phegea, Pl. 31, f. 1.
Nymphalis Fatima, Pl. 31, f. 2.
Nymphalis Gnidia, Pl. 32, f. 2.
Nymphalis Isis, Pl. 33, f. 1.
Nymphalis Phoreys, Pl. 33, f. 2.

Vanessa Cacta, Pl. 29, f. 1.
Vanessa Lethe, Pl. 23, f. 1.
Vanessa Sophia, Pl. 36, f. 3.
Cethosia Cydippe, Pl. 34, f. 1.
Cethosia Cyane, Pl. 35, f. 2.
Morpho Menetho, PL 30, f. 1.
Biblis Hiarbas, Pl. 32, f. 3.
Argynnis Thyelia, Pl. 31, f. 3.
Hipparchia? Arcesilaus, P]. 30, f. 2.
Hipparchia Baldus, Pl. 36, f. 2.
Hipparchia Crantor, Pl. 37, f. 4.

Family. Lycxnipe.
Erycina (Zemeros) Allica, Pl]. 37, f. 2.
Erycina Thucydides, Pl. 43, f. 1.
Erycina Petronius, Pl. 43, f. 2.
Erycina Regulus, Pl. 43, f. 3.
Erycina Lucanus, Pl. 43, f. 4.
Erycina Tarquinius, Pl. 44, f. 1.
Erycina Aimulius, Pl. 44, fi 2.
Erycina Athemon, Pl. 46, f. 3.
Erycina Ptolomeus, Pl. 46, f. 6.
Erycina Ovidius, Pl. 46, f. 7.
Erycina? Bibulus, Pl. 46, f. 1.
Erycina ? Livius, Pl. 46, f. 4.
Erycina? Plutargus, Pl. 48, f. 3.
Polyommatus Florus, Pl. 39, f. 4.
Polyommatus Plinius, Pl. 45, f. 1.
Polyommatus Plato, Pl. 45, f. 2.

102 ; SYSTEMATIC INDEX.

Via

Polyommatus Hippocrates, Pl. 45, f. 3. Hesperia Celsus, Pl. 52, f. 3.

Polyommatus Parrhasius, Pl. 45, f. 5. Hesperia (Hantis) Mithridates, Pl. 49, f. 3.
Polyommatus Hylax, Pl. 46, f. 2. Hesperia (Eantis) Thrasibulus, Pl. 49, f. 4.
Thecla Isocrates, Pl. 38, f. 1. Family. Castxupe.

Thecla Pindarus, Pl. 38, f. 2.

oe Ske 99
Thecla Vulcanus, Pl. 38, f. 3. Cheat Wavelianc, 19h 271

Thecla Chiton, Pl. 39, f. 1. -Family. TLEriauip™.
Thecla Herodotus, Pl. 39, f. 2. Zeuzera Minea, Pl. 53, f. 1.
Thecla Pythagoras, Pl. 39, f. 3. Zeuzera Scalaris, Pl. 53, f. 2.

Thecla Lisias, Pl. 40, f. 1.

Thecla Sophocles, Pl. 40, f. 2.
Thecla Jarbas, Pl. 40, f. 3. Lithosia sanguinolenta, Pl. 53, f. 3.

Family. Litnosiw2.

Thecla Thales, Pl. 40, f. 4. Family. ARCTIID.
a il : als

Thecla Melibeeus, Pl. 41, f. 1 Balen Pea, LBS, ® Ul,

Thecla Tyrteus, Pl. 41, f. 2.

Thecla Xenophon, Pl. 41, f. 3. Family. Nocrurp#.
Thecla Acheus, Pl. 41, f. 4. Ophideres? strigata, Pl. 54, f. 2.
Thecla Phorbas, Pl. 41, f. 5. Erebus hieroglyphicus, Pl. 54, f. 3.
Thecla AXolus, Pl. 42, f. 1. ; ——

Thecla Strephon, Pl. 42, f. 2. Order. HEMIPTERA.

Thecla Philippus, Pl. 42, f. 3.
Thecla Pericles, Pl. 42, f. 4.
Thecla Theocritus, Pl. 45, f. 4.
Thecla Romulus, Pl. 46, f. 5.

Family. PENTATOMIDA.
Raphigaster incarnatus, Pl. 14, f. 1.
Pentatoma, cruciata, Pl. 14, f. 2.
Pentatoma mactans, Pl. 14, f. 4.

Family. HEsPERupD®. Acanthosoma uniguttata, Pl. 14, fi 5.
Hesperia Numitor, Pl. 44, f. 3. Rhynchocoris viridis, Pl. 14, f. 6.
Hesperia Propertius, Pl. 47, f. 2. Rhynchocoris hamata, Pl. 14, f. 7.
2

Hesperia Tibullus, Pl. 47, £. 3. - Tesseratoma papillosa, Pl. 14, f.
Hesperia Augias, Pl. 48, f. 1.
Hesperia Origines, Pl. 48, f. 2.

Sub-order. HOMOPTERA.

Hesperia Epictetus, Pl. 48, f. 4. Family. Funeoripx.
' Hesperia Chemnis, Pl. 49, f. 1. Fulgora pyrorhina, Pl. 7, f. 1.
Hesperia Thrax, Pl. 49, f. 2. Fulgora lineata, Pl. 8, f. 1.
Hesperia Jovianus, Pl. 50, f. 2. Alphana? festiva, Pl. 7, f. 2.
Hesperia Salvianus, Pl. 50, f. 2. Pseudaphana hyalinata, Pl. 7, f. 3.
Hesperia Galenus, Pl. 50, f. 3. Pseudaphana pallida, Pl. 8, f. 2.

Hesperia Catullus, Pl. 50, f£ 4.
Hesperia Spio, Pl. 50, f. 5.
Hesperia Ennius, Pl. 51, f. 1.
Hesperia Polybius, Pl. 51, f. 2.
Hesperia Zeleucus, Pl. 51, f. 3.

Family. Cicapip2.

Cicada speciosa, Pl. 8, f. 3.

Order. DIPTERA.

Hesperia Oreus, PJ, 52, f. 1. Family. Muscipx.
Hesperia Busiris, Pl. 52, f. 2. Diopsis Indica, Pl. 58.

J. Davy, Printer, Queen Street, Seven Dials,

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