Vol. 23 No. 1 President's Letter Winter 2003 by Mary Ann King In this issue: Fall 2002 Meeting Minutes page 2 What a wonderful fall meeting we had at Harrison ™ the weather as near perfect as one could ask for in October! I don’t know exactly how many attended. . . I saw lots of friends & familiar faces. . . But then I also missed many friends. Carl Amason did his usual excellent job as auctioneer, bringing in a good amount for our Arkansas Flora Project treasury. Thanks to everyone who participated. page 3 This is my first letter to you as president of this fine group; there’s Chapter News so much I want to say but at the same time, I don’t exactly know page 4 what to say. Orchid Reproduction Very importantly, I especially want to thank Martha Milbum for her page 5 help in hosting the fall meeting, I don’t know how we would have done it without her. Invasive Species page 6 Viola villosa page 7 Dealing With Deer page 7 Next, I would like to issue a challenge to all ANPS members. Please invite one new YOUNG person to Join our group. Pay their dues for a year if necessary! Get them interested! Look around us at the median age of our members if you have any doubts that we need to recruit some younger than us. I for one do not want this organization to fade away. We need to aggressively seek out people of all ages & invite them to join ANPS. Give memberships for Natives for Dry Sites Christmas, birthdays, etc.! page 8 Does anyone have other ideas how to find these new members? Meet the New Editor Call me, write me, tell me what you think might work. My phone is page 8 479-293-4359. My e-mail address is: 0 ffi c e(h- :p i neri d s^ie garden s . co m . Upcoming Events 1 page 9 Minutes of the Oct. 1 2 , 2002 General Meeting by Sue Clark, ANPS Secretary The general meeting of the Arkansas Native Plant Society was called to order at 7:00 o’clock p.m., at the Little Theater building of North Arkansas College South Campus in Harrison, Arkansas, by the President, Lana Ewing. SECRETARY’S REPORT: Catherine Hepinstall moved that the minutes of the April 13, 2002, meeting be approved as printed in the Claytonia. Carl Amason seconded. The minutes were approved. TREASURER’S REPORT: A1 Hecht distributed what has been submitted to the IRS for the tax exempt status, and announced that the by-laws of ANPS may have to be changed to conform to Act 176 of 1963, the Arkansas Non-Profit Act. A1 reported that the auction on Friday had brought in $1,048.00. The Treasurer’s Report was distributed showing that as of October 12, 2002, the ANPS operating fund was $8,246.5 1 ; The Dwight Moore Award Fund balance is $4,091 .08; the Aileen Me William Scholarship Fund is $8,003.66; and the Delzie Demaree Research Grant Fund is $6,842.64. There is $360.86 in the Arkansas Flora Project Fund. The total balance is $19,298.24. Mary Ann King moved that the Treasurer’s report be approved; Dr. Henry Robison seconded; the Report was approved. OLD BUSINESS: Carl Hunter reported on the progress of highway wildflower projects and mentioned Eureka Springs, Pinnacle Mountain State Park, Wildwood in Little Rock, the UALR Alumni Center, and Garvan Woodland Gardens in Hot Springs as planting native wildflowers. Carl urged ANPS to get into a community garden, working with Master Gardeners. Carl asked that we let him know of any wildflower gardens. He would like to make a booklet identifying wildflower gardens and where they are located in the state. Theo Witsell reported on the Flora of Arkansas Project. The Project is sponsoring a meeting in October of 2003 on rare and invasive species in Arkansas. Eric Sundell distributed information on the Audubon Ecology Camp for 1 1-12 year olds. ANPS has sponsored two children in the past to attend the camp at a cost of $500.00. Thera Lou Adams moved that ANPS sponsor the children again this year; Jude Jardine seconded, the motion passed. Catherine Hepinstall presented the Nominating Committee slate of officers as follows: Vice-President, Bumetta Hinterthuer; Treasurer, Barbara Little; Editor, Theo Witsell. There being no nominations from the floor, Eric Sundell moved that the slate be accepted by acclamation; Linda Gatti Clark seconded, the motion passed. NEW BUSINESS: Jude Jardine presented a proposal concerning ANPS making a field guide to invasive species and exotic plants perhaps to be put in a binder or some format that can be added to. Her cost estimation is about $3.00 per book. Jude is volunteering to do the compilation but would be looking for help from members of ANPS in providing information on species; images, good pictures; putting it together; and getting the information out to the members of ANPS. The information could be put on our web site as a supplement. The motion was made that ANPS accept the project and fund it, with the understanding that members will buy the book. Theo Witsell seconded the motion. The motion passed. Jude’s address is: Jude Jardine, 206 Branch Street, Lonoke, AR. Her e-mail address is jardinejk@earthlink.net. The spring meeting is tentatively set to be at DeGray State Park. Linda Gatti Clark will be coordinating that meeting. ANNOUNCEMENTS: Theo Witsell announced that the field trips Sunday will be to Lead Hill and Carrollton Glade, an 80-acre Corps of Engineers restoration project. The business meeting was adjourned and Lana Ewing introduced Carl Slaughter who presented a program on the reproduction of vascular plants. Respectfully submitted, Sue Clark, Secretary 2 The Arkansas Flora Project: Background, Progress Report, and Upcoming Events by Jim Peck and Johnnie Gentry ARKANSAS VASCULAR FLORA PROJECT The project will result in the publication of the Manual of the Vascular Plants of Arkansas. It will include illustrations, descriptions, and keys for all plants known to occur in the state, as well as introductory chapters on the natural areas, plant communities, and geology. This Manual will serve as the definitive reference about Arkansas vascular plants. It will be of great value to researchers and students at educational institutions and will be the textbook of choice for all plant taxonomy courses taiAgiii Hi HIV otcitv. xi± auvitiuii, viiipiU^vvo v>jL otalv and federal agencies, the Nature Conservancy, members of the Arkansas Native Plant Society and others will benefit fi'om this publication. ARKANSAS VASCULAR FLORA COMMITTEE The Flora Committee formed on September 17, 1 999 consists of representatives Ifom the following institutions- Arkansas State University at Jonesboro (Staria Vanderpool), Arkansas Tech University (George Johnson), Harding University (Ron Doran), Henderson State University (Brett Serviss, Dan Marsh), Hendrix College (Joyce Hardin), University of Central Arkansas (Ron Culwell, Jewell Moore and Linda Gatti Clark), University of Arkansas, Fayetteville (Johnnie Gentry and Edith Hardcastle), University of Arkansas at Little Rock (James Peck), University of Arkansas at Monticello (Eric Sundell), University of Louisiana at Monroe (Dale Thomas) and private industry (Gary Tucker) and a federal (Phil Hyatt) and state agency (Theo Witsell). The initial effort is to produce a Checklist (2003) followed by an Atlas (2005) including all taxa known to occur in the state with distribution maps. The Manual will be published in 2010. All of these publications will be valuable resources for state and federal agencies, naturalists, students of the Flora, and other individuals. The University of Arkansas Press has expressed an interest in all of these publications. COORDINATING OFFICE The coordinating office for the Flora project is located in the University of Arkansas Herbarium, Biomass Research Center 141, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Dr. Johnnie Gentry serves as coordinator of the project. PAST CONFERENCES AND WORKSHOPS Arkansas Vascular Flora Conference May 18-19, 2000 Fayetteville A Native Plant Identification Workshop for Beginners kjCpLViiiUti Zuu i Various locations A Spring Native Plant Identification Workshop May 18,2002 Various locations FUTURE EVENTS Arkansas Vascular Flora Symposium (part of Botanical Section at Arkansas Academy of Sciences meeting) April 4-5, 2003 Fayetteville A Spring Native Plant Identification Workshop May 17, 2003 Various locations Rare and Invasive Plants of Arkansas Conference Scheduled October 23-24, 2003 Fayetteville Checklist of the Vascular Plants of Arkansas will be available at the Conference. 3 Arkansas Vascular Flora Conference Scheduled 2005 Atlas of the Vascular Plants of Arkansas will be available at the Conference. PROGRESS TO DATE The preparation of a state vascular flora is perhaps the grandest scientific enterprise ever to be undertaken in The Natural State. It started in 1819, continued unabated ever since, and currently involves scientists at 1 6 agencies or institutions in the state. The effort has produced over 1 ,200 scientific publications. It will require modem bioinformatics technology to hold its catalog. After 2.5 years of volunteer effort without release time, the committee has accomplished a great deal. Of the 240,000 Arkansas specimen vouchers held in committee representative’s herbaria, approximately 70% were examined with their data added to our mechanical database. We hope to finish this inventory by fall 2003. Then we have nearly 200,000 specimens located in out-of-state herbaria to inventory. We currently track over 3,200 taxa, have located another 300 based on literature backed with specimens, and are proceeding to compile a checklist. We are ensuring that the list of Arkansas vascular plants is based on modem scientific names that are recognized regionally and nationally. Field collection continues in regions of the state known to be under-collected to improve the state list and the subsequent county-dot maps in the atlas. Efforts to prepare the maps electronically are commencing now. Preliminary rough drafts of family treatments for 55 of 184 families were prepared. This is a good start to our grand scientific enterprise. Ouachita Chapter News by John Pelton I seem to be attracted to certain mysteries in the natural world. Why is it that when doing an inventory you sometimes find plants only in a very small, local area? Many know I’ve been interested in the genus Tradescantia (the spiderworts). While searching for Tradescantia virginiana (Virginia spiderwort) in northeast Arkansas, it was found in an area approximately 40 feet by 1 50 feet where many plants were doing great, and have been for several years. I searched the area around this site and found another, more common species, T ohioensis (Ohio spiderwort). It occurred in great abundance, but there was no other T. virginiana to be found. To me it would be very interesting to understand why T. virginiana is confined to this small area. Another mystery was solved, but turned out to be an April Fool’s joke. In April, Theo and I traveled to Prairie County to see the only site in the world for the Stem’s medlar (Mespilus canescens). As we walked in fi*om the south side Theo noticed a sedge he was interested in. As he parted the plants, he noticed groups of long, shiny green basal leaves among the sedges. They were unquestionably the basal leaves of an orchid. The first question is always, “What is this plant?” Well, for the sake of keeping this story in bounds. I’ll say that we - Theo, Ed Hall, Dr. Slaughter, and I - decided that it was Platanthera flava, the southern rein orchid, and in a very large population. We went back to the site when it should’ve been blooming but found no blooms! The next question was, “What’s going on here?” The plants seemed very strong and in excellent condition, but no blooms. Months later, we discovered the plants to be the late fall blooming Spiranthes odorata, the fragrant ladies’ tresses orchid. The lesson learned was that in this orchid population there are two sets of leaves, and the winter set looks very much like the leaves of Platanthera flava. So always check out your questions - you may find another one of Nature’s April Fool’s jokes. 4 ORCHIDS: PART THREE ANATOMY AND CLASSIFICATION by Dr. Carl R. Slaughter, MD. Orchids’ floral parts come in threes. In addition to sepals and petals, there are three anthers and stigmas. In orchids there can be fusion or modification of these parts. In monandrous orchids there is a single fertile anther at the tip of the column. The other two are sterile, modified, or incorporated into the column. Most orchids are monandrous. Diandrous orchids have two fertile stamens located on the lateral sides of the column just behind the modified third stamen that is known as the staminode. The staminode is a shield-like structure that goes from the column’s tip to above the opening of the inflated lip’s orifice. The style and stigma, the female parts of the flower, are also incorporated into the column of the orchid. The style disappears, and the stigma is identified as the stigmatic process. In the genus Cypripedium all three stigmas fuse and function as one. In other orchids two of the stigmas are sterile. They fuse and are recognized as the rostellum. The stigma is usually posterior to the anthers, and the rostellum is usually found between the stigmatic process and the anthers. The rostellum in some orchid species is without function. In others it produces a glue-like substance that helps cement the pollinium to the body of the pollinator. In other orchids the rostellum is in the form of a sticky pad called the viscidium. The viscidium is attached to the pollinium by a stem known as a stipe. This is another way of attaching the pollinium to a pollinator. The pollinum, the stipe and the viscidium together are called the pollinarium. The pollinium, which is on the anther, is an egg- shaped mass containing a collection of pollen grains. The pollinia are usually in pairs. Pollen grains are divided into two types. One is granular and loosely connected. The second is hard, waxy, and tightly packed. This is helpful in identification if you have a good lens. The following is an outline of the types of reproduction for orchids, or for that matter, all vascular plants. REPRODUCTION OF VASCULAR PLANTS SEXUAL - self pollination cleistogamy - geitonogamy xenogamy ASEXUAL - apomixis apogamy Reproduction in orchids falls under two headings, sexual and asexual. Sexual reproduction involves the union of a pollen grain with an ovum from the ovary to form a seed. Most orchids reproduce sexually. There are several types of sexual reproduction. SELF POLLINATION is when pollen from a flower is used to fertilize its own ovary. CLEISTOGAMY is self pollination of a closed flower. The flower never opens. This is seen in the fall coral-root {Corallorhiza odontorhiza). GEITONAMY is fertilization by pollen from a neighboring flower on the same plant. A number of orchids have multiple flowers on the same stem. XENOGAMY is fertilization by pollen from a flower located on a separate plant. Asexual reproduction does not require the union of two gametes. One gamete, usually the ovary, produces a seed by itself or there is reproduction from a vegetative part of the flower. APOMIXIS is the direct production of plants by cells other than the usual ones. Some plants can reproduce from their leaves. Some reproduce from a portion of their stem. Many plants reproduce from their roots. These are examples of apomixis asexual reproduction. APOGAMY is the development of a sporophyte from a gametophyte, ovum, without fertilization. This is not uncommon with some of our species of Spiranthes, Plants can reproduce without the gamete from another plant, but the additional genetic material helps it to survive in the ages to come. The end of part one. 5 Progress Report on the Invasive Plant Species Field Guide by Jude Jardine At the October 2002 meeting, I proposed that ANPS tap the vast store of plant knowledge held jointly by its members, and produce a document describing invasive non-native plant species in the state. The membership agreed, and after discussing the project we outlined a plan for the production process. Formulating a list of approximately 30 species to include was the first step. Collecting available information on the selected species and producing a species entry for each one are the next steps. The last step will be printing the species entries and collecting them in a binder for distribution. The title will be A Field Guide to Invasive Non-native Plant Species in Arkansas and the target date for completion is May 2005. The list of species to be initially included follows this report. It started as a distillation of the lists any plant people around the state have been keeping, and was finalized after review and comment. As in all steps of this process, your involvement is invited! If there is an invasive plant species you think we should include, let me or Theo know. You are also invited to participate in the remaining steps. If you are interested in researching any of the species listed or in distilling the information gleaned from the research let me know by January 15, 2003. Theo and I have devised a format for the entries and I can mail you a template. Our production schedule allows 4-5 weeks to complete all entries, and you would have until the first part of February to complete the entry for any species you selected. Around the 15^*^ of January I will start collecting information to produce entries for any of the listed plants not already selected by one of you. When an entry has been compiled for each of the listed species, the entire packet will be submitted for editing. When the rewriting is completed we will be ready to start printing. The species entry format includes space for images, so if you have any photos or drawings; or know of publicly available ones for the selected species, let me know. Because the membership decided to sell copies of the Field Guide, I suggest that we consider having it copyrighted. Thanks to all of you who have and will contribute. By the time we publish, the list of credits will certainly fill a page! Judith Jardine 206 Branch Street Lonoke, AR 72086 j ardinejk@earthlink.net Draft List of Non-native Invasive Piant Species of Concern in Arkansas SGlci'itific name Cemmon name Ailanthus altissima tree-of-heaven Aibizia julibrissin silktree, mimosa Alliaria petiolata garlic mustard Alternanthera philoxeroides alligator weed Baccharis halimifofia saltbush Bromus sterilis (& B. tectorum) cheatgrass Carduus nutans nodding thistle Centaurea maculosa spotted knapweed Cynodon dactyfon Bermuda grass Echinochloa crusgalli barnyard grass Eichornia crassipes water hyacinth Elaeagnus spp. Russian/autumn/ thorny olive Euonymus fortunei creeping euonymus Festuca arundinacea tall fescue Hedera helix English ivy Holcus lanatus velvet grass Lespedeza cuneata sericea lespedeza Ligustrum sinense (& vulgare) privet Lonicera japonica Japanese honeysuckle Lonicera maackii bush honeysuckle Lythrum salicaria purple loosestrife Melia azedarach Chinaberry tree MefHotus alba (& ofTicinalis) sweetclover Microstegium vimineum Japanese stiitgrass Murdannia keisak Asian spiderwort Myriophyllum spicatum Eurasian water milfoil Paulownia tomentosa princess tree 6 Phragmites australis Poncirus trifoliata Pueraria montana Pyrus calleryana Rosa muftiflora Salvinia molesta Sapium sebiferum Sorghum halapense Sphenoclea zeylandica Vinca major (& V. minor) \A/isteria sinense (& fioribunda) giant reed trifoliate orange kudzu caliery pear multiflora rose giant water spangles Chinese tallowtree Johnson grass chicken spike periwinkle Asian wisteria Some Notes on Vio/a viUosa by Carl Amason One of the childhood joys of finding wildflowers for me was to look in fencerows and edges of woodlands in sparsely vegetated areas and somewhat sunny spots and finding Viola villosa in bloom in the early spring. To write or talk about the blue stemless violets is risky business as most of them have been described by many names, but the southerli wooly violet hasn't been descnbed separately by the early botanists and is not easily confused with the others. In reading the descriptive literature, one should be aware of the botanical limitations; only stems have leaves and stemless violets have blooms on peduncles and the leaves come directly from the crown where several leaves are attached. So for years, the term “stemless violets” confused me more than it helped me in the descriptions. So Viola villosa is one of the stemless sort and the leaves are villous, meaning they have unmatted hairs, hence the descriptive scientific name. Viola villosa has blooms of pure purple - a mixture of blue and red. In fact, some descriptions call the color “almost red”. The clumps in full sun can be almost flat and in shade the leaves can be upright with soft, unmatted hairs. The undersides of the leaves are purplish and have slight markings of the veins, but the flower is unmistakably one of a violet. Like most violets, they are difficult to cultivate and it is best to admire them in the wild and just let them be. They are usually found in loosely populated but irregularly occurring colonies. My earliest recollections were of finding them in rail fence comers where the land was not cultivated. They were almost always in deep sandy soil where some moisture would linger during the blooming season, but was really dry the rest of the year. And like most violets growing wild, they do not really make good bouquets because the peduncles are so short and it would take quite a few to make a single nosegay, so just let them be and hopefully they can reproduce freely by seed if their habitat is not destroyed. The task of keeping deer from eating the plants on 210 wooded acres in an area that has a significant deer population is a daunting one. This describes Garvan Woodland Gardens’ situation. It would be a shame for the deer to munch on the 40,000 tulips when they emerge in the spring, or imagine the pansies and camelias that might be enjoyed by the deer while they sup “under the lights” during “A De-Lightful Christmas Display” which features 150,000 lights during some of November and much of December. To resolve this problem, according to Paula Wallace, ANPS member and Horticulture Supervisor for Garvan Woodland Gardens, they use Liquid Fence, which is mixed with water and sprayed on the plants. The treatment lasts about three weeks or until a rain of an inch or more occurs. 7 Native Gardening Notes from the Editor with Mary Ann King by Theo Witsell Theo asked that I write an article for the newsletter about a plant or plants. So for this time, Pm going to address tough plants for tough, dry places. A fairly new name that has been coined for gardening in these conditions is "Xeriscaping" (from "xeric" meaning "dry”). Clay. . . rocks. . . dry, compacted soil. . . My successes are Echinacea paradoxa (yellow coneflower). . . Oh it grows in limestone country you say - well, yes it does, but it also grows in poor, dry, acid (4.5) soil in the shadow of a pine tree. Rosa Carolina (prairie rose) thrives in full sun, clay soil showing its pink single flowers & bright red hips ... no spray, no leaf spot. Baptism leucantha^ Baptisia pendula. Baptism sphaerocarpa, Baptisia leucophaea Baptisia bracteata\ and Baptisia minor. . . all wild indigos, grow in poor dry rocky soil. No extra watering. (For the botanists out there, I know that Baptisia leucantha is B. alba v. alba & Baptisia pendula is B. alba v. pendula.) I also know that there is practically no resemblance between the two other than flower color. To continue with tough plants, add Tephrosia virginiana (goat's rue), Petalostemum purpureum & P. candidum (both now in the genus Dalea - purple prairie clover & white prairie clover). Add Allium cernuum (nodding onion) & Allium stellatum (prairie or glade onion). Don’t forget Tradescantia ohioensis (Ohio spiderwort) & other worthy members of that genus. Many asters, such as Aster oblongifolius, love dry sites. Most species of Liatris are suitable candidates for xeriscaping. Pycnanthemum albescens, Pycnanthemum pilosum, and Pycnanthemum incanum (mountain mints) all become more intensely fragrant when planted in poor soil. There are lots more plants to mention - maybe Pll have to do a sequel to this as more tough plants keep tumbling into my mind. And I haven’t even begun to mention grasses or woody plants. . . As I write this introduction, the last leaves are falling from the big white oak in my yard and the only native blooming around here is the fall witch hazel. We had the first freeze of the year last night. I always view the coming of the first frost with mixed feelings. On one hand, it signals the end of the field season that I love so much. On the other, it means it’s time to settle into the winter work. For me that means identifying and mounting the plant specimens I have collected throughout the year and sending them to various museums and herbaria. It also signals the time to compile this issue of the Claytonia, my first as your new editor. For those of you I have not met, I’ll briefly introduce myself My name is Theo Witsell. I live in Little Rock with my wife Tanya. I have been interested in conservation for most of my life and in conservation of native plants specifically for about seven years. I have devoted many enjoyable hours to identifying and studying them. In 2000 I received a degree in biology (with an emphasis in botany and ecology) from the University of Arkansas at Little Rock and began my current Job as the staff botanist with the Arkansas Natural Heritage Commission. I have also done botanical work for the National Park Service, both the Ozark and Ouachita National Forests, UALR, and Arkansas State Parks. I am a member of the Arkansas Vascular Flora Committee and am actively working on the Arkansas Flora Project (see article in this issue). We are very fortunate to live in a state as biologically diverse as Arkansas. One could spend a dozen lifetimes studying our state and still learn but a fraction of what there is to know. No other state has our unique assemblages of mountains, forests, woodlands, glades, prairies, streams, swamps, and other ecosystems. I am a native Arkansan and feel a deep connection to this place. I plan on sticking around for a while, at least until the Flora of Arkansas project is completed. 8 At 27, 1 am one of the youngest members of the Arkansas Native Plant Society. I have found a wealth of knowledge in our organization and view my time spent soaking up your collective knowledge as important as any time I spent in school, I have learned so much in my hours spent on ANPS field trips and roaming around the state with members at various other times! I really appreciate the members’ willingness to share their knowledge and experience. I hope to reciprocate some of it in my new position as editor. Oh, I hope everyone enjoys the new look of the newsletter and feels that I have maintained the level of quality established during Ron Doran’s term as editor. Upcoming Events March 10,2003 Butterfly & Host Plant Slide Show by Carl Hunter and Lori Spencer (author of upcoming Buttetflies of Arkansas book) Hot Springs Village (Call Carl at 501.455,1538 for more info). April 1 , 2003 Native Gardening Symposium Femdale 4-H Center. For more info, contact Janet Carson at 501.671.2000 or email ic arson ('g; uaex.edu . See you in the woods, Theo Witsell, November 29, 2002 PLEASE SEND SUBMISSIONS/SUGGESTIONS TO: 219 Beechwood St. Little Rock, AR 72205 onpsclaytrjciia@yahoo.com May 17, 2003, 9 am - 2 pm. Spring Plant ID Workshop At UCA (Conway), ASU (Jonesboro), UAM (Monticello), U of A (Fayetteville) $10 for ANPS members, $15 for nonmembers, $10 for additional members of a family group. More info and a registration form will be in the Spring issue of the Claytonia. October 23-24, 2003 Rare and Invasive Plants of Arkansas Conference U of A Continuing Education Center (Fayetteville) More info will follow in future issues of the Claytonia. Arkansas Native Plant Society Membership Application Please check the appropriate box below. Membership Categories: $10 Student $15 Regular $20 Supporting $25 Family Membership $30 Contributing $150... Lifetime Membership (55 and over) $300. . . Lifetime Membership (under 55) _ New Member Renewal Address Change NAME(S) ADDRESS: Street or Box City State Zip Code Telephone - - Email address ^ Please cut and send this form along with any dues to: Eric Sundell, Membership ANPS Division of Mathematics and Sciences University of Arkansas at Monticello Monticello, AR 71655 Please check your mailing label! If your mailing label has an 02 or earlier it is time to renew! Life members will have an LF, Please fill in the information form on the oppo- site side of this page and send it with your re- newals, applications for membership, changes of name, address, email, or telephone numbers to the address given on the form: [Not to the editor]. Thank you. ■" The purpose of the Arkansas Native Plant Society is to promote the preservation, conservation, and study of the wild plants and vegetation of Arkansas, the education of the public to the value of the native flora and its habitat, and the publication of related information. 2002-2003 ANPS OFFICERS President: Mary Ann King 479.293.4359 President Elect: Linda Gatti Clark 501.796.4104 Vice President: Bumetta Hinterthuer. . .479.582.0467 Editor: Theo Witsell 501.614.8465 anpsclaytonia@yahoo.com Historian: Carl Amason 870.748.2362 Secretary: Sue Clark 501.666.5149 Treasurer: Barbara Little 870.935.6905 Membership: Eric Sundell ..870.367.2652 Ark. Coalition: Carl Hunter 501.455.1538 Awards/Scholarhips: George Johnson george.johnson@mail.atu.edu Check out our website at www.anps.org CLAYTONIA Theo Witsell, Editor 219 Beechwood St. Little Rock, AR 72205 anpsclaytonia@yahoo.com ROBBINS, Penny LF 43 Valencia Way Hot Springs Village, AR 71909 Newsletter of the Arkansas Native Plant Society Winter 2003 Vol. 23 No. 2 Spring 2003 In this issue: Arkansas’ Rarest Milkweeds page 2 Yellow-Fringed Orchid Complex page 3 Dr. R. Dale Thomas Retires page 4 Uncommon Composites Page 5 Arkansas Academy of Science Flora Symposium page 6 A New Orchid for Arkonsas page 7 Asarum conadense page 8 Spring Meeting Info page 10 Tree & Shrub ID Workshops pages 11-12 Upcoming Events page 14 um HID m uEiNsis ASCLEFIAS STENOFHYLLA ASCLEPIAS SDLLniANTII m. NmOVlElF KILLED A.BA SULUVWS MILKWEED TSIS ELUSIVE MILKWEED WAS LASI COLLECTED IIS AKKASSAS nOM UME- STOSE GLADES NEAR TABLE ROCK RESERVOIR IN ISS3. IT COULD STILL EE HIDING OUT D! THIS SORT V HAEITAT IN THE SFRINGnELD AND SALEM PLATEAUS OF THE OZARKS. THIS SNEAKY MILKWEED IS SUSPECTED OP INHABITING PRAIRIES, GLADES, AND PERHAPS ROADSIDES IN NW ARKANSAS. IT MAT HAVE BEEN SEEN AROUND FATETPEVILLE AS RECENTL! AS THE lOEOs, BUT HAS NOT BEEN SEEN IN ARKANSAS SINCE! SEE ARTICLE OH FACE 2 FOR THE FOIL STORY OF THE HISTORY OF THESE RARE MILKWEEDS IN AREAHSAS... - J Arkansas Milkweed Found and Lost Department by Eric Sundell Unless they no longer occur in Arkansas, our two rarest milkweeds are Asclepias stenophylla (narrowleaf milkweed) and Asclepias sullivantii (Sullivant's milkweed), glade and prairie species that are not too uncommon on roadsides and prairie remnants to the north and northwest of our state. In Ed Smith’s An Atlas and Annotated List of the Vascular Plants of Arkansas (1988), the two species combined receive a total of three county dots (reports based on specimens examined by Smith) and an R (reports not based on a specimen seen by Smith). Asclepias stenophylla is one of the narrow leafed milkweeds, closely resembling longifolia subsp. hirtella (tall green milkweed) in its alternate arrangement of linear leaves and its crown hoods that lack distinct, protruding horns. Smith’s Atlas documents the species from Yell and Carroll counties and posts an R for Benton County in the northwest comer of the state. The record of A. stenophylla from Yell Co. is based on a misidentified specimen at the University of Arkansas herbarium at Fayetteville (UARK) collected by Dwight Moore at Mt. Nebo in October, 1924— a poor specimen with few leaves and one fmit. The whorl ed leaf scars and stem hairs in distinct lines are the characters not of A. stenophylla but of the common A. verticillata (whorled milkweed). So scratch one dot for stenophyllal The good news is that the other dot is a real McCoy. The Carroll Co, record is another Moore specimen, no. 53-242, also at UARK, an August 1953 collection. The label reads “Table Rock Dam Reservoir, Sta. 16. Juniperous - limestone glade on a gentle S-E slope, 1 1 miles northwest of Berryville.” Whether the population still exists 50 years later at Table Rock Reservoir is not known, but Theo Witsell and I have discussed leading a search party early in July when plants should be in bloom and easier to recognize and identify. I got excited when Theo told me of a third specimen of A. stenophylla listed in the Natural Heritage database, an October 1978 collection from Mill Creek in Polk Co., on file at Arkansas Tech. Alas, George Johnson took a look for me and reported that it had been annotated to A. hirtella (now usually treated as A. longifolia var. hirtella). When I later examined the specimen myself, I agreed-the stem hairs curved up, not dovra, a quick hand lens character to distinguish the two very distinct taxa, especially when flowers are missing. So scratch another stenophylla from the Arkansas flora. I don’t yet know the source of the Benton County R. Asclepias sullivantii also has had an interesting career in Arkansas. With purple flowers and a typical hood and horn crown structure, the species can be mistaken at first sight for a clasping-leafed version of the common milkweed of the Northeast, A. syriaca (the milkweed). Its presence in Arkansas-one Atlas dot in Jackson Co., a Grand Prairie locality-is based on Dwight Moore’s collection at UARK, clearly and unambiguously labeled Blue Springs, Jackson Co. But things got a little fishy when Randy Chlapecka, the Ag Extension Agent in Newport, informed me that, despite a Blue Creek, there was no Blue Springs in Jackson Co. And when I examined another Moore specimen of^. sullivantii, from Bates Co., Missouri, that was collected on the very same day as his Jackson Co., Arkansas specimen, the third law of florodynamics flashed in my mind (“Even the most ardent plant collector cannot collect two plants in two different states at the same time.”), sending me to my Rand McNally Road Atlas. There I found the city of Blue Springs, Missouri, population 45,000, a suburb of Kansas City, in... Jackson Co! Dwight Moore’s herbarium labels were preprinted at the top “Plants of Arkansas.” Typically, for out of state material, he scratched through “Arkansas” and handwrote the correct state above it. When he forgot to do this for the Blue Springs specimen, Asclepias sullivantii became a rare, elusive, and intriguing element in the Arkansas flora. Now the species’ presence in Arkansas appeared to be only an artifact. Except that while hunting for more information on the Blue Springs specimen, I had learned from Johnnie Gentry that Dwight Moore kept a catalog of the Arkansas flora on 4x6 inch cards in the UARK herbarium. Asclepias sullivantii Johnnie found the following tantalizing entry: “Buchholz 20145-6. June 13, 1923. Washington Co.” The locality-northwest Arkansas-made sense; it was not far from known populations of the species in southeast Oklahoma. But the specimen was missing, not to be found at UARK nor at the University of Illinois, where the majority of Buchholz specimens are deposited. The species is listed in Buchholz and Palmer’s 1926 “Supplement to the Catalogue of Arkansas Plants” as occurring in Fayetteville. It’s also listed by Delzie Demaree in his 1943 checklist, “A Catalogue of the Vascular Plants of Arkansas,” but with the annotation, “Doubtful.” 2 / So there you have it; everything you always wanted to know about the in- state occurrence of Arkansas’ two rarest milkweeds! If you’re in north Arkansas in June or July, be on the lookout and report all suspicious Asclepias to the nearest authorities: Theo Witsell and Eric Sundell The Yellow-Fringed Orchid Complex by Carl Slaughter A hybrid is the offspring of the union of one species, variety, genus, etc. with that of a different species, variety, etc. Many orchids hybridize, as is evidenced by the numerous hybrids that are found in the commercial orchid growing business. A number of our native orchids hybridize and most of these have been giyen names. Scientifically, hybrids are identified by the placing of the small letter “x” in front of the specific name. For example, Platanthera xbicolor is the hybrid between Platanthera ciliaris and Platanthera blephariglottis. One group of orchids that has received a great deal of attention in the last ten years is a group of Platantheras known collectively as the yellow-fringed orchid complex. This is sort of a misnomer in that one of its members is entirely white (P, blephariglottis) and another member’s “yellow fringed” lip is white (T*. xbicolor). Another member’s {P. cristatd) lip is crested rather than fringed. Despite all of this, everyone knows what you are talking about when- you refer to the yellow-fringed orchid complex. Platanthera cristata (Michx.) Lindley — (yellow-crested orchid) The following diagram is how these orchids and their hybrids are usually depicted: P. cristata \ P. xchannellii P* xcanbyi P. ciliaris P, xbicolor P. blephariglottis The name of the hybrid is between its two parents in the diagram. Two other associated Platantheras, although they are not listed within the triangular diagram, are P. chapmanii and the monkey orchid, P. integrilabia. The last is white, and the P. chapmanii is orange. For years it was believed that P. chapmanii was the hybrid of the cross between P. cristata and P. ciliaris. Folsom disproved this by showing that the P. chapmanii seeds produced pure P. chapmanii, and that the Chapman orchid was found growing in isolated stands rather than with its assumed parents. There are also different pollinators. P. xbicolor is identified by having a creamy-yellow or pale orange flower with a white lip. P. xcanbyi and P. xchannellii, a name coined by Folsom for the true hybrid ofP. ciliaris 2 LVi 6 P. cristata are most identical. The only difference is that the P. xcanbyi is paler and it grows alongside its parents, P. blepharioglottis and P. cristata. The P. xchannellii is found growing with its parents. There are no P. chapmanii loiown in Arkansas. In the past those Arkansas orchids identified as P. chapmanii were not P. chapmanii but P. xchannellii. The identification of the yellow members of this complex can be difficult. The following might be of help to you in distinguishing between them: If the spur is equal or greater than the ovarian- pedicle length (20-35 mm) it is P. ciliaris. If the spur is very short (4-10 mm) it is P. Cristata. If the spur is about one half the ovarian-pedicle length (8-17 mm), the flower is creamy yellow, and the column does not bend downward at its apex, it is P. xcanbyi. If the spur is about one half the ovarian-pedicle length (8-17 mm), the flower is an orange color, and the column does not bend downward at its apex, it is P. xchannellii. 3 If the spur is about one half the ovarian-pedicle length (8-17 mm) and the column bends downward at its apex, it is P. chapmaniL As you can tell, spur length and whether or not the apex of the column is bent downward are important criteria in identifying these Platantheras. In Arkansas you will find P. ciliaris, P. cristata, and P. xchannellii. If you find any of the others, ANYWHERE, please call me. Have camera, will travel. Dr. R. Dale Thomas Retires by Theo Witsell Dr. Thomas is one of the most important plant collectors in the history of botany, having collected over 173,000 numbers (a number being a particular plant from a particular site), and more than half a million specimens counting duplicates. This is more than any other collector in history. He has traded these specimens to more than 200 herbaria all over the world, building an international reputation for himself, and for the University of Louisiana at Monroe. He personally built the NLU herbarium from just 250 mounted specimens when he arrived in 1966, to more than 400,000 specimens today. The NLU herbarium now ranks among the top 30 U.S, herbaria. Distinguished professor and field botanist Dr. R. Dale Thomas is retiring from the University of Louisiana at Monroe (formerly Northeast Louisiana University) on June 30^*’, after 37 years of service to that institution. He and his wife Barbara will be moving back to their native east Tennessee. Dr. Thomas is also an outstanding teacher, having led more than 37 graduate students through MS thesis projects, including 27 surveys of plants of Louisiana parishes and several surveys of Arkansas counties. He has developed and taught field courses in the southern Appalachians and is active in the annual Wildflower Pilgrimage at the Great Smoky Mountains National Park. He is an active member of the Louisiana and Arkansas Native Plant Societies. Though I did not have the opportunity to study with Dr. Thomas formally, I did learn a lot from him by studying many of his specimens at UARK, and by spending a day in the field with him in Saline County last May. He taught me many species that day but one moment particularly sticks out in my mind. We were collecting plants at the foot of a steep hillside at the Narrows, a narrow ridge separating the Middle Fork and Alum Fork of the Saline River, We were looking at some plant growing on a rock outcrop and Dr. Thomas casually pointed toward a hairy, herbaceous vine with heart-shaped leaves growing on the ground between us. “Reach down and grab me a piece of that vine, will you?”, he said. This was his way of quizzing me to see if I knew this plant, for it was Tragia cordata, the heart-leaved stinging nettle or vine nosebum. I smiled and replied that I had gotten my share of that species earlier, alluding to the painful sting that awaits anyone who grabs it barehanded. He smiled, content that I had already learned that one the hard way, as he himself probably did decades earlier. Dr. Thomas has done extensive research on the genus Ophioglossum (the Adder’s tongue ferns), having published several articles on the genus. He is now recognized for having collected more specimens of the genus than eveiy^cne else in the world combined. His tireless work in both the field and the herbarium have been extremely valuable to our knowledge of the Arkansas flora. He has added countless state records to Arkansas, helping our knowledge grow from the approximately 2,600 taxa listed in Dr. Ed Smith’s Atlas and Annotated List of the Vascular Plants of Arkansas (1988) to the more than 3,300 taxa now known from the state. Many ANPS members have gotten to know Dr. Thomas through his involvement in the Arkansas and Louisiana Native Plant Societies. He sent the following letter asking that it be published in the Claytonia: After teaching for 37 years at University of Louisiana at Monroe (formerly Northeast Louisiana University), I am retiring and will be moving to Sevier County, Tennessee. My wife and I should be settled in by September and would welcome visits from anyone in the Society visiting us. We will be about 15 minutes by backroads from the Outlet Malls in Pigeon Forge, This would be a place to stay and see the spring wildflowers or the fall colors, I have thoroughly enjoyed the many meetings and fieldtrips I have participated in with the ANPS. Dale Thomas 4 Some Uncommon Composites By John Pelton, Ouachita Chapter President Last Saturday morning, February 15,1 decided to take a tour of some Saline County sites for harbinger of spring (Erigenia bulbosa) and see if they were up this early. Some plants were up and budded, but hadn't fully opened, the weather being cloudy and very cool. On the drive I met one of our really old timers. When I inquired of his well-being we got into a discussion of our age, and he said, “You are just a youngster.” Well, thank you, sir! I said all that just to say that I am old enough to reflect on the recent past. I am fortunate to have such knowledgeable friends and guides as Ed Hall, Bob Clearwater, Theo Witsell, and Frances, who always has Carl Hunter’s Wildflowers of Arkansas by her side. As many of you know, in recent years I have focused on the genus Tradescantia and the genus Sabatia, so I sort of bypassed othei* abundant plant families such as the composites (family Asteraceae or Compositae), So what new composites have we seen on our photo trips recently? Coreopsis palmata (stiff tickseed) - on mountain glades in the Ozarks Rudbeckia subtomentosa (sweet coneflower) - along creek banks in the Ouachitas Ratibida pinnata (grayhead coneflower) - on seasonally wet glades and ditch banks in the Ouachitas (Saline Co.) Vernonia lettermannii (Letterman’s ironweed) - among the rockbeds of the Cossatot River in the Ouachitas Thelesperma trifidum (greenthread) - shale glades in the Ouachitas Solidago auriculata (eared goldenrod) - on creek overflow areas, Ouachitas Liatris squarrulosa (blazing star) - Ouachita Mountains, mostly Helianthus occidentalis s\jhsp, plantagineus (plantain- leaf sunflower) - gravel bars on the South Fork of the Fourche LaFave River Helianthus grossiserratus (giant sawtooth sunflower) - Wow! A real giant! Eastern Arkansas on the Grand Prairie terrace. Aster oblongifoUus (sticky aster) - sandstone outcrops and shale glades in the Ouachitas Bidens laevis (smooth marigold) - growing in floating mats in shallow water around old oxbow lakes along the Arkansas River Cheers to you who are old enough to have memories of fieldtrips past and are young enough to look forward to fieldtrips in the future. I sort of know now why many take notes on each trip. Happy memories, John Pelton Ouachita Chapter ANPS ScholarsKip Awardee Earns Degree & Publishes Research Janene T.ichtenberg, who was awarded a scholp^ship by ANPS to help fund her Master’s thesis research, sent the following letter to George Johnson, Chair of the Awards & Scholarships Committee: I wish to express my thanks to the Arkansas Native Plant Society for awarding me with a scholarship to help fund my Master ^s thesis research at the University of Arkansas - Fayetteville. I completed my M.S. degree in 1999 and am now employed as a tribal wildlife biologist in Montana, The project funded by the Arkansas Native Plant Society was recently published in American Midland Naturalist, Enclosed is a reprint. Thank yoUf Janene Lichtenberg, Wildlife Biologist Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes Wildlife Management Program P.O. Box 278 / Pablo, MT 59855 Her paper is entitled Weak Trophic Interactions Among Birds, Insects and White Oak Saplings and can be found in American Midland Naturalist 148:338-349. Research was conducted at Bear Hollow Natural Area within the Madison County Wildlife Management Area, Madison Co., Arkansas. 5 Arkansas Academy of Science Arkansas Flora Symposium by Johnnie Gentry At this year’s annual meeting of the Arkansas Academy of Science (April 4-5 in Fayetteville, AR), there will be a special symposium of research presented on Arkansas’ flora and related plant topics. At least 17 papers will be presented by researchers from around the state. Papers submitted as of March 1 are listed below: 1) Waifs, Weeds, and Invasives: A Review of Arkansas' Non-indigenous Vascular Flora— Johnnie L. Gentry, James H, Peck, and Sarah Nunn 2) History of Arkansas Botany: Role of the University of Arkansas— Gary Tucker 3) Arkansas Vascular Flora: Additions^ Re- instatements, Exclusions, and Re-exclusions- James H. Peck 4) How to Study the Arkansas Flora: A 22 Year Study of Pteridophytes-James H. Peck. 5) Arkansas' Orchids: The State of the State— George P, Johnson 6) Conservation Genetics of Delphinium newtonianum {Ranunculaceae)~Ed\i\i L. Hardcastle 7) Molecular Systematics of Quercus acerifolia: Is Maple-leaf Oak Really a Species?-David X Williams 8) On the Rare Endemic Hydrophyllum brownei Kral& Bates (Browne’s Water leaf)~Travis Marsico 9) A Preliminary Survey of the Vascular Flora of Yell County, Arkansas-Brent Baker 10) Occurrence and Status QfHydrilla verticillata (L.F.)Royale (Hydrocharitaceae) in Arkansas— Michelle Baker and Brett Serviss 11) A New Species of Sabatia (Gentianiaceae) from Central Arkansas- James S. Pringle and Theo Witsell 12) Additions and Noteworthy Collections for the Flora of Arkansas-Theo Witsell 13) Identification and Ecology of Naturalized Species of Narcissus (Liliaceae) in Arkansas— Thomas D, Slaughter, Jason Wilis, and Brett E. Serviss 14) Plants New to the State of Arkansas-Staria Vanderpool 15) An Inventory of Woody and Spring Forest Ephemerals in the Proposed Lake Bono, Craighead County— Staria Vanderpool, J.D. Wilhide, Lynn E. Alterman, Steven C. Fowler, Jeremy L. Jackson, Tammy R. Jones, William D, Reed, James R. Samples, Lann M. Wilf, Adam S. Chappell, Ronald E. Cossey, Marcelle L, Daggett, James W. Gore, Michael A. Reed, Mary C. Scott, and Joshua H. Seagraves 16) Relationships of Bottomland Hardwood Forest Communities to Flooding along the White River near Clarendon, Arkansas — Thomas L. Foti and Joe B. Pagan 17) A Comprehensive Floristic Inventory and Distribution Model of Unique Wetland Communities on Terraces Along the Ouachita River in Southern Arkansas — Joe B. Pagan and Thomas L. Foti Papers 1-12 will be presented Friday, 1:30-4:30 pm.; papers 13-17 on Saturday, 8:00-11:00, The order/time of individual papers will be determined. The Academy meeting is free and open to the public. More information and directions can be found at http://www.uark.edu/depts/gradmfo/aas/AAS.htm or by calling the U of A at (479) 575-5555. 6 Arkansas’ Newest Orchid: Spiranthes lacera var. /acera, the Northern Slender Ladies’-Tresses by George Johnson The last piece of mail that I received before I left my office for the Christmas holidays was the latest volume of the Flora of North America series. Volume 26, which included the Orchidaceae. I had been waiting for months for its publication. As I scanned the pages, I noticed something that looked out of place. In the distribution map for Spiranthes lacera var. lacera, the Northern Slender Ladies’-Tresses, northeastern Arkansas was shaded. I was a little surprised as. I am preparing the treatment of the orchid family for the Vascular Flora of Arkansas Project and I didn’t remember seeing any specimens of this variety in the 1000+ specimens I had examined so far, nor did I remember seeing this taxon on any previous lists for the state. For FNA to include a taxon for a state, the author(s) of that taxon’s treatment must have seen a specimen of that plant from that state. The hunt was on. The first thing that I did was to visit the website for the Missouri Botanical Garden (www.mobot.org) and search the Tropicos database for Arkansas’ specimens of Spiranthes lacera var. lacera, A hit was returned for a specimen collected by E. J. Palmer in 1923 on Mt. Magazine in Logan County; the specimen resided in the herbarium of the University of Missouri- Columbia (UMO). 1 contacted the curator who kindly scanned the specimen and sent me the image files. There was no doubt, it was Spiranthes lacera var. lacera, something new for the State’s checklist. I then re-examined the collections of Spiranthes in the herbarium at Arkansas Tech, my institution. All of our collections of Spiranthes lacera were clearly var. gracilis. Fortunately for me, I still had the orchid specimens firom the University of Louisiana at Monroe (NLU) on loan, and I re-examined them. Among the specimens of Spiranthes lacera was a specimen of var. lacera firom Union County that I had previously overlooked and called var. gracilis. We now had this new variety from two counties. Queries to the curators of the other herbaria in the state turned up an additional specimen from Jefferson County and one firom Drew County. The presence of Spiranthes lacera var. lacera was now firmly established for the state of Arkansas. Identification of the two varieties of the Slender Ladies’-Tresses is rather easy, even with the naked eye. The Southern variant, var. gracilis, has flowers densely crowded withiri the florescence, whereas the Northern variant, var. lacera, has flowers well-spaced within the inflorescence. Additionally, var. gracilis has few to no trichomes on the axis of the inflorescence, whereas var. lacera is rather densely pubescent. A nice drawing of the differences between these two varieties of the Slender Ladies’-Tresses can be found in Volume 1 of the new edition of Steyermark’s Flora of Missouri. See Plate 117, i &j, page 571, for drawings of vars. lacera and gracilis, respectively. George P. Johnson Biological Sciences Arkansas Tech University Russellville, AR 72801 479-968-0312 george.iohnson@mail.atu.edu Spiranthes lacera var. lacera — note the widely- spaced flowers. 7 Spiranthes lacera var. gracilis — note the closely-spaced flowers. Some Notes on Asarum canadense by Carl Amason Of all the plants of the genus Asarum in eastern North America, a delightful group known generally as “wild ginger*’, apparently there is only one that is native to Arkansas. It is quite common in the mountainous areas and on Crowley’s Ridge, but is not found in the western Coastal Plain, the Grand Prairie, or the Delta growing as a wild native but will grow where planted. Unlike most of the Asarums, it is distinct because it is not evergreen but is ' -' A deciduous and is found in rocky woodlands with leaves that emerge in spring and grow from two to six inches across. These leaves arise from rhizomes that grow across the soil. It also ' blooms in the spring but it takes some careful looking to see the brown three-parted flower with long calyx segments that would resemble petals to the ordinary person. This is a plant that is more interesting than beautiful and is beloved by wildflower enthusiasts who r consider this unusual plant to be garden-worthy. It is most frequently grown as a rock garden plant where it grows to its best in appearance. It is easily grown from nursery-stocked plants. Wild ginger is one of the common names for this plant because the rhizome or some part of this or related plants was used by frontier housewives as a substitute for ginger, as in these days spices were not commonly kept by general grocery stores. And this is not the only plant that has been used for a spice or for medicinal purposes. WLG In summer when no flowers are present, the clumps are easily told from other wildflowers as the leaves are each distinctly arising from the rhizome and are on petioles about four to six inches tall, solid pubescent green without any mottling or variegation. Eventually clumps can grow to be two feet across, and furthermore they prosper in dry, rocky soils, not in damp or wet soils, where they get little water except rain and little sun in the shade. Once a person has become adjusted to the appearance, the plants are easily discovered, identified and enjoyed. It is what would be described as a natural rock garden plant. The end. Ferns by George Sinclair Ferns are among the oldest known plants. Fossil remains in rocks and coal record their past and indicate their vastness and grandeur. In their native woodland haimts, they gain the. a we. and. admiration of the nature lover; Foliage of varying shades of green, soft and plume-like or coarse and rugged, makes ferns delightful additions to any collection of plants. In medieval times, mysticism, fear, and superstition surrounded the ferns. People "knew" that without flowers ferns could have no seeds; they questioned how such plants could reproduce. As knowledge increased, man discovered that the seedless ferns were the most prolific "seed" producers of all plants. Unlike flowering plants with a few seed pods, the ferns shed their dust-like reproductive organs (spores) by the millions. The spores still seemed supernatural with powers to cast spells of good and evil. The fern plant; thumb-size or tree-high, is known as a sporophyte or spore-bearing plant, and has three general parts; the leaf; the rhizome (modified stem), and the roots. The fern has adapted to almost all environmental conditions. Some have become terrestrial, at home in woods and fields, swamps and marshes, mountains and cliffs. Others epiphytic, making their home in trees. Aquatic, living in lakes and ponds. Ferns are found growing from the tropics to the Arctic Circle. 8 Although spores come from ferns, fern leaves do not come directly from spores. Flowering plants grow from seeds, which at one time are single cells. Twice in the life of a fern it exists as a single cell. Spores from the parent plant fall to the ground. With moisture and light, these tiny single-cell organisms, divide into orderly ar- rangements of cells to become little green heart-shaped plants (prothallia), so small that not only was medieval man unaware of them, but most people today have never seen these marvelous plants. As these tiny green plants mature, rhizoids reach down to supply nourishment and moisture. Near the cleft of the heart-shape, the male or- gans (antheridia) are formed; the female organs (archegonia) form near the bottom of the plant. A drop of moisture carries the sperm from the male organs, to the female organs, to fertilize the egg cell. The egg cell then divides to form a new fern (sporophyte) - a young plant that looks nothing like the mature fern that it be- comes at maturity. This in general is the life cycle of a fern. Fall Meeting Field Trip Reports i i 11^ by TheiD Witsell I had hoped to include these in the last issue but ran out of room. Now, with more pages to work with, I thought they would still be of interest. The two field trips I went on are out- lined below. Another trip went to Baker Prairie Natural Area in Harrison, but I was only able to go along for a few minutes so I can't really report on that one. If nothing else, this will give people who did not attend and idea of these sites. LOST VALLEY Saturday October 12, 2002 saw a wonderful field trip to Lost Valley in the Buffalo National River, We hiked down the trail that follows Clark Creek, which cut the dramatic canyon. We saw a number of late-blooming composites including wild goldenglow {Rudheckia laciniata), bear’s foot [Smallanthus or Polymnia uvedalia\ and a number of species of Aster. As we followed the trail up the hollow, someone pointed out the striped leaves of the Adam-and-Eve orchid {Aplectj^um hyemale). The leaves were just emerging and will spend the winter and early spring sending energy to the roots. One clump had a single stalk with this year’s fruit remaining. Not far from the orchids was another strange plant, the Indian pipe {Monotropa uniflora). Some of these were an eerie translu- cent white while others were a pale pinkish color. Indian pipe is a saprophyte, a plant that has no chlorophyll but gets its en- ergy from decaying organic matter in the soil. A group of hik- ers in my group bent down to sniff the flowers and noticed the unique scent of the Indian pipe. Not far from the Indian pipe we came upon another non- photosynthetic plant; beech drops iEpifagus virginiana). These were a golden orange color and were clustered around the roots of the American beech {Fagus grandifolia), on which they are parasitic. The question arose as to whether there was a symbiotic, or mutually beneficial, relationship between the beech tree and the beech drops. As we hiked up the trail the valley became more and more rugged with house-sized boulders know as the "jigsaw blocks" littering the canyon floor. These large, square rocks get their name from the fact that when you look above them at the can- yon wall you can see where they fit into the wall long ago, be- fore the freezing and thawing of water, in cracks in the rock, broke the large boulders free. On one of these rocks, someone pointed out the succulent leaves of the wood stonecrop {Sedum ternatum). We also saw the first plants of what turned out to be a nice population of the Arkansas alumroot {Heuchera vil- losa var. arkansana) - a rare plant known only from the mountains of Arkansas. It was in full bloom, its orange sta- mens protruding from its white flowers. Fall color was beginning to show, with the brilliant red of the black gum {Nyssa sylvatica) becoming noticeable on the hill- sides. The rugged topography of the canyon provides microhabitats /or a mirriboT.oi ouconunon plant species. On the steep i ccKy walls and in the dripline of rock overhangs was a small popu- lation of the tassel flower- grand flora). This spe- cies, looking similar to another plant that grew nearby called white snakeroot ( Eupatorium rugosum\ is rare in Arkansas, known from only a handful of sites according to the Arkansas Natural Heritage Database. It differs from Eupatorium by having larger, cream-colored flowers, and triangular leaves with a flat base and long petioles. Not far upstream from the tassel flower was a large bluff on the east side of the canyon. It stands more than 200 feet above the creek, which sculpted it long ago. At the base of this bluff is a large overhanging bluff shelter, 50 feet tall, 100 feet deep, and more than 200 feet long. It was here that I made the most interesting discovery (for me) of the trip. I was searching the dripline for more tassle flower when 1 noticed a small, dried out corncob lying on the dust of the bluff shelter. I picked it up and looked at it a while before I realized the significance of it. There, in my hand, was an actual artifact from the early domestication of plants by native North Americans. The cob was about 2.5 inches long and '/a of an inch in diameter. When I got home I did some research (see Kenneth Smith's book Buffalo River Countiy) and found that this bluff shelter is famous for its Native American artifacts and even got its name, "Cob Cave", because of the many small com cobs found by early visitors to the cave. Archaeological studies have uncovered gourds and sunflower seeds as well as bits of pottery and woven baskets. Unfortunately the cave was plun- 9 dered by treasure seekers in the past and only a few com cobs and other relics remain. Lost Valley is well-known for its rich spring flora and I want to encourage everyone to make a trip in the spring to see the rich displays of native wildflow LEAD fflLL GLADE led by Linda Ellis About a dozen ANPS members morning and made the short trip up to Lead Hill to see a fine example of an Ozark Mountain limestone glade community. The privately-owned site actually has a dry tallgrass prairie that transitions into a complex of limestone glades and wood- lands. A number of rare plant species were seen including Elliott's sida {Sida elUottii) in flower and the evening rain lily {Cooperia drummondii) in fruit. There were a number of our beautiful warm-season native prairie grasses at the site includ- ing little bluestem {Schizachyrium scoparium), splitbeard blue- stem {Andropogon ternarius), side oats grama {Bouteloua cur- tipenduld), and three species of native dropseed {Sporobolus spp.). Though too late to see the peak of their show, we saw plants of the glade blazing star {Liatris mucronata), yellow coneflower {Echinacea paradoxa), and the Missouri black- eyed Susan {Rudbeckia missouriensis). The fall ladies' tresses orchid {Spiranthes cernua)^ and the sticky aster {Aster oblongi- folius) were still in bloom, along with several other species of Aster. The find of the day was when Linda Ellis pointed out several clumps of a goldenrod to the group. She correctly identified it as Gattinger's goldenrod {Solidago gattingeri) - a new record for the state of Arkansas! Dr. Sundell and I made vouchers for the Arkansas Flora Project. Linda also described the spring flora of the site, which sounds spectacular. She is leading two trips to the glade this spring! (see page 14) There were plans to go to Carrollton Glade as well, but we found so much to see at Lead Hill that we stayed there all morning before splitting up to head home. stuck around until Sunday ANPS 2003 Spring Meeting DeGray Lake Resort & State Park Meeting Date: 25-27 April. Meeting Place: DeGray Lake Resort State Park & Convention Center Room cost will be $75.00 Single/Double occupancy ($10.00 extra for each additional person). Due to the cost, only 15 rooms have been reserved. Others are re- served in town (see below). Check-in time at DeGray is 4:00 PM and check-out is 1 1 :00 AM. The rooms will be held until March 26, 2003. Individuals are responsible for their own reservations. We are not allowed to bring any food or drink into the meeting room. Refreshments will be furnished. Other motels in the area: Best Western Continental Inn HWY 67N & 1-30 (Exit 78 off of 1-30) Arkadeipjiia 870-246-5592 30 rooms are being held for us at the Best Western. We have a discounted rate of $50.99 single/double occu- pancy. Includes continental breakfast. Give the group confirmation number (168-828) and group name (Arkansas Native Plant Society) when making reserva- tions. This is just minutes from Lake DeGray. Holiday Iim Express 150 Valley Caddo Valley 870-230-1506 Room rate: $58.50 Super 8 Motel 118 Valley Arkadelphia 870-246-8585 Room cost: apprx. $60.00 Econo Lodge 106 Crystal Palace Dr. Arkadelphia 870-246-8026 Room rate: $40.00 Comfort Iim 100 Crystal Palace Caddo Valley 870-246-3800 Room cost: $76.99 (includes continental break- fast) Solidago gattingeri CALL LINDA GATTI-CLARK AT 501.796.4104 FOR MORE INFORMATION 10 THE ARKANSAS VASCULAR FLORA PROJECT PRESENTS Native Trees, Shrubs, & Vines IdentificationWorkshop Join members of the Arkansas Vascular Flora Committee for a half-day workshop highlighting some of the tools and techniques used by botanists to identify plants. We will bring in local plants and identify them using technical keys and manuals. Focus will be on native species of woody plants. Learn — • How plants are named • To decipher technical terms • To identify families of plants • Ethical collection techniques • To use keys and a hand-lens • How to press plants for posterity Locations Fayetteville (U of A Herbarium) contact: Dr. Johnnie Gentry U of A Herbarium / Biomass Research Center 1 39 / Fayetteville, AR 72701 501-575-4372 gentry@comp.uark.edu Jonesboro (Arkansas State University) contact: Dr. Staria Vanderpool Dept, of Biological Sciences / ASU / P.O. Box 599 / Jonesboro, AR 72467 870-972-3082 svand@navajo.astate.edu Monticello (U of A Monticello) contact: Dr. Eric Sundell School of Mathematics and Natural Sciences / U of A Monticello / Monticello, AR 71 656 870-460-1 165 sundeil@uamont.edu Conway (University of Central Arkansas) contact: Dr. Don Culwell Dept, of Biology / University of Central Arkansas / Conway, Arkansas 72035 501-450-5919 donc@mail.uca.edu Directions and room numbers for each workshop will be provided upon receipt of registration form. Registration i Space is limited so please pre-register by May 5, 2003 by sending the form on the back of this page to the location Tv=irjre"t you, Reg!'’^'"ofiop Moy 5 will be on a first-come, first-serve basis until all slots are filled. Date and Time — i All workshops will be held Saturday, May 1 7, 2003 from 9:00 AM to 2:00 PM. Cost I— Cost for Arkansas Native Plant Society Members will be $10 per person. Cost for non-ANPS members will be $1 5 for the first family member and $10 for each additional family member. Proceeds will benefit the Arkansas Vascular Flora Project. Make all checks payable to the “University of Arkansas” and please specify “Arkansas Flora Project” on the memo line. Please bring your own lunch. Technical keys, hand lenses, microscopes, and plant specimens will be provided. SEE OTHER SIDE FOR REGISTRATION FORM n What is the Arkansas Vascular Flora Project? The Arkansas Vascular Flora Project is the first attempt to create a comprehensive, book-length treatise on the vascular plants of Arkansas. The end result will be a fully-illustrated manual with technical keys, species descriptions, distribution maps, and line-drawings of all of the approximately 3,300 plants that are known to occur in Arkansas. This project is being coordinated by the Arkansas Vascular Flora Committee {a committee of professional academic and field botanists) but relies heavily on the collections and assistance of amateur botanists. Active participation of skilled amateur botanists is essential to expanding our knowledge of the Flora of Arkansas. The current projection is for the release of an updated Checklist of the Vascular Plants of Arkansas in 2003, an updated Atlas of the Vascular Plants of Arkansas in 2005 and the complete Manual of the Vascular Flora of Arkansas in 2010 Clip here and mail tg the location you plan to attend (addresses On previous page) Regislfotlon Form Name(s): Address: Cost for Arkansas Native Plant Society Members wilt be $1 0 per person. Cost for non-ANPS members will be $1 5 for the first family member and $1 0 for each additional family member. Proceeds will benefit the Arkansas Vascular Flora Project. Make checks payable to the “University of Arkansas" and please specify “Arkansas Flora Project” on the memo line. Note: This program is designed for ages 16 and up. Home Phone: Work Phone: Email: PLEASE MAIL REGISTRATION FORM NO LATER THAN MAY 5, 2003 TO THE SITE WHERE YOU Amount Enclosed: plan to attend the workshop. THANK YOU. 12 Notes from the Editor by Theo Witsell When I returned home from work this afternoon, I got out of my truck and walked through the yard admiring the showy display of spring beauties {Claytonia virginicd) blooming all over the slopes above the sidewalk. Just last week there were 6 inches of snow there and now a wonderful display of native wildflowers. Spring is here! These spring beauties were not planted there. They are just there, perhaps remnants of the open woodland that once existed where my neighborhood now stands. There are other white flowers blooming there too - the hairy bittercress {Cardamine hirsuta), and the common chickweed {Stellaria media). The pinks and purples of the deadnettle {Lamium purpureum) and henbit {Lamium amplexicaule) are putting on a show too, as are the striped blue and white com speedwell (Veronica arvensis) and the aptly named bluets (Houstonia pusilla). These are weeds to the gardener, several imported from Europe and blooming before almost all of the natives, but surely they are appreciated by the insects that have little else to uollinate thi^ bmc of year. L also noticed a handsoroe diversity of little grasses - the annual bluegrass (Poa annua) is already flowering and the nearly -dead nimbi ewill {Muhlenbergia schreberi) still has a few seeds clinging to it from the fall. These have arrived on their own, not planted with the St. Augustine grass and Bermuda put in by the previous owners. As I reached the mailbox at the foot of the stairs I noticed a big, slick, full -color folder hanging from the mailbox. It was from ChemLawn®'^ Company and included my own personal (and completely unsolicited) complimentary yard assessment and prescription! Prominent on the enclosed form was a list of problems noted in my yard. Hmmm... how nice of them. I opened the folder. You can imagine my dismay when I saw several of the species I was admiring just seconds earlier listed under the heading “problems noted”. In fact, after reading the entire evaluation, it became apparent that anything that wasn’t turfgrass was considered a problem or potential problem. The solution, according to the brochure, was a subscription to their ChemLawn^^ treatment services. For “only $39.95 per treatment” I can get my entire yard treated with fertilizer and herbicide to get rid of all those pesky weeds. The fine print at the bottom says that treatments are recommended every 4 to 6 weeks. I showed my wife Tanya our evaluation over dinner and she laughed. “They will love it when we’re finished”!, she said. We are in the process of landscaping with native species. More than 100 of them. We are tearing up the sod, terracing with native stone and planting in the natives. I can see their “evaluation” now. ‘Potential problems: big bluestem, little bluestem, Indian grass, switchgrass, prairie gayfeather, Arkansas alumroot, Ouachita bluestar, butterfly milkweed...” Ha! We all have our own opinion of what we consider attractive and we all have own philosophy for yard care. I want diversity in my yard. I want a steady succession of wildflowers and grasses with all their attendant insects and birds. I want to watch these species through the years so that my knowledge grows along with them. Somewhere along the way, gardening and lawn care have developed a purist philosophy that, when put into practice, has amounted to a war against the indigenous and war against the wild. I see this as an extension of the human-centered philosophy that has caused the destruction of so much native biodiversity the world over. The remedy, as I see it, lies in the raising of our collective consciousness. In the end this will come down to the individual person (and, by extension, to their lawn or garden). If you live in town, like I do, chances are that most of the original botanical residents have been wiped out. In my n-?ighborhood v/: are fcrtuj-'ate tc have- a rcijLinar.t of the original landscape (Allsopp Park) to study and piece together the puzzle of what was there originally. On our walks in the park, Tanya and ! have seen a variety of natives that are appropriate for our yard. The process is proving to be educational, interesting, and rewarding. Resist the depressing monotony of the boring landscape! Plant a few natives in your yard and be rewarded by the satisfaction of replacing a missing piece of your local ecosystem. 13 Upcoming Events Field Trips: Saturday, AprU 5^** - Explore Lead Hill Glade in April - The owner of this exciting glade has graciously allowed us to come explore. The terrain is flat, but open, so wear a hat & sunscreen, and bring water — as well as a sack lunch. Meet at the Lead Hill Glade, about 1 mile north of Lead Hill on Highway 7, at 10:00 a.m. The turnoff is precisely at the top of the hill on the right. A driveway takes you into an open field. The building of a defunct business is visible. This glade provides excellent opportunities for photography. Contact leader Linda Ellis at 417-272-3890 for more information. Saturday, April 12*^ Salado Creek and White River - Lock 2, Batesville. 10:30 a.m. Meet at Riverside Park. Because of the travel distance to this meeting for most of our members, we would request that everyone interested in going contact Faye by phone or e-mail. Also, if the weather is extremely bad or threatening, check beforehand to make sure the trip is not cancelled. Contact leaders Faye and Hail Bryant at 870-698-1478 or e-mail rhbr/ant(@cox-intemet.com for more information. Saturday, April 19*'’- Wildflowers on M^unt Magazine - At Mt. Magazine State Park. Fieldtrips and talks will explore identification, photography, and garden tips. Contact 479-963-8502 or mtmaga 2 ine@arkansas. com for more information. Saturday, April 19*'’ - The Flora of the Alum Fork River - Join Ouachita Chapter President John Pelton for a trip to several botanically rich sites on the Alum Fork of the Saline River in Saline County, including the Narrows, a particularly rich site! Expect to see round-lobed hepatica, false rue anemone, spiderworts, columbine, green violet, Alabama lipfem, shooting star, and lots more. Also see one of only two Ouachita Mountain sites for walking fern. Meet at the Ramada Inn Parking Lot in Benton (just off 1-30) at 10:00 a.m or call Leader John Pelton for more information (50 1.316.1 057). Saturday, May 3 ^^ - Explore Lead Hill Glade in May - Why go to the glade twice? The diversity of plants at the glade is exceptional and merits several visits to observe the succession- also great for photography. Meet at 10:00 a.m. See April 5*'’ for directions. Contact leader Linda Ellis at 417-272- 3890 for more information. Saturday, May 10**’ - Ecology and Flora of the Grand Prairie - Join Arkansas Natural Heritage Commission botanist Theo Witsell for a guided fieldtrip of some of the last remnants of this once vast ecosystem. Learn about the broad diversity of plant species, (botanical) ghosts of the prairie, and current plans for landscape- scale restoration efforts. Call Theo at 501-324-9615 for more information. Sunday, May 11 ‘‘’-Possum Trot - Meet at 10:00 a.m. at the Nail church parking lot, which is on the south side of the road, just across from the gas station/store, also on the south side of the road. If you are coming from the east. Nail is about 6 miles west of Deer on Highway 16. From the parking lot, we will car pool to the Forest Service parking site. Note; Don now has a GPS system so getting lost is not an option. This is a strenuous hike due to steep terrain, cut-over groves of magnolia trees, and the lack of a trail. Wear durable hiking shoes and bring a sack lunch. Leader: Don Mills. Saturday, May 24*'’ -- Devil’s Den State Park - Trails are maintained but mildly to moderately sloping. Bring a flashlight if you would like to explore the Devil’s Den icebox. We hope to see the Yellow Monkey Flower (Mimulus floribundus). Dave Westendorf has offered to give us a tour of his backyard gardens in the afternoon, after which we intend to go out to eat and have a brief business meeting. Meet at the Visitor’s Center of Devil’s Den State Park, Winslow, at 10:00 a.m. Location: Devil’s Den State Park can now be reached from Highway 540, the new Interstate. Turn west onto Highway 74, this is the fastest and most convenient route. Saturday, June 7*'’: Chesney and Stump Prairies, Siloam Springs, Arkansas — Joe Woolbright has been successful in restoring these two prairie sites, and we hope to have him lead the hike. The terrain is mostly flat, but bring sunscreen and water. We will eat in Siloam after the hike. Location: Meet at 10:00 a.m. at Smith Field, the local airport, located on Highway 59, just north of the Highway 412/59 intersection just inside the Siloam Springs city limits. Other Events: Tuesday, April 1®* - Native Gardening Symposium - Location: Femdale 4-H Center, Pulaski County. Topics will include Plants of Arkansas’ Six Natural Divisions. Rare, Threatened, and Endangered Plants of Arkansas, Native Grasses of Arkansas, and others. Contact Janet Carson at 501-671-2000 or e-mail icarson@uaex.edu for more information. 14 Friday, April 4'*" - Saturday, April 5“" - Arkansas Academy of Science Arkansas Flora Symposium - U of A Campus. See article in this issue for more information. Friday, April 25*** - Sunday, April 27*** - Arkansas Native Plant Society Spring Meeting - DeGray Lake Resort State Park. For more information, see page Saturday, May 17*** - Spring Plant Identification Workshop - Locations: UCA (Conway), ASU (Jonesboro), UAM (Monticello), U of A (Fayetteville). Sessions are 9 am - 2 pm. For more information see the registration form in this issue. Friday, June 21®' - Saturday, June 22**^* - Mount Magazine International Butterfly Festival - Notable guest speakers, guided hikes, and other activities will help you explore identification, life cycles, gardening, and photographing these interesting insects. Contact 479-963- 8502 or www.butterflvfestival.com for more information. Thursday, October 23 - Friday, October 24'** - Rare and Invasive Plants of Arkansas Conference - U of A Continuing Education Center (Fayetteville). The new Checklist of the Vascular Flora of Arkansas will be available. More information will be in the next issue of Claytonia. Aster patens — late purple aster Arkansas Native Plant Society Membership Application Please check the appropriate box below. NAME(S) Membership Categories: $10 Student $15 Regular $20 Supporting $25 ..... Family Membership $30 Contributing $150. .. Lifetime Membership (55 and over) $300. . . Lifetime Membership (under 55) Please cut and send this form along with any dues to: Eric Sundell, Membership ANPS Division of Mathematics and Sciences University of Arkansas at Monticello Monticello, AR 71655 New Member Renewal Address Change ADDRESS: Street or Box City State Zip Code Telephone - Email address Please check your mailing label! If your mailing label has an 02 or earlier it is time to renew! Life members will have an LF. Please fill in the information form on the oppo- site side of this page and send it with your re- newals, applications for membership, changes of name, address, email, or telephone numbers to the address given on the form: [Not to the editor] . Thank you. 2002-2003 ANPS OFFICERS President: Mary Ann King 479.293.4359 President Elect: Linda Gatti Clark 501.796.4104 Vice President: Bumetta Hinterthuer. . .479.582.0467 Editor: Theo Witsell 501.614.8465 anpsclaytonia@yahoo.com Historian: Carl Amason 870.748.2362 Secretary: Sue Clark 501.666.5149 Treasurer: Barbara Little 870.935.6905 Membership: Eric Sundell 870.367.2652 Ark. Coalition: Carl Hunter 501,455.1538 Awards/Scholarhips: George Johnson george.johnson@mail.atu.edu Check out our website at www.anps.org The liurpose of the Arkansas Native Plant Society is to promote the preservation, conservation, an^ study of the wild plants and vegetation of Arkansas, the education of the public to the ' value of the native flora and its habitat, and the publication of related information. CLAYTONIA Theo Witsell, Editor 219 Beechwood St. Little Rock, AR 72205 anpsclaytonia@yahoo.coin ROBBINS, Penny LF 43 Valencia Way Hot Springs Village, AR 71909 Newsletter of the Arkansas Native Plant Society Spring 2003 Newsletter of the Arkansas Native Plant Society Vol. 23 No. 3 Summer/Fall 2003 in this issue; (Another) New Orchid for Arkonsas page 1 Grass Pink Orchids page 2 UARK Herbarium Stays Open page 4 New Arkansas Orchid Book Page 4 New Botanist in Town page 5 Spring Meeting Minutes page 6 Fall Meeting page 7 Field Trip Reports pages 8-10 Rare & Invasive Plants of Arkansas Conference pages 11-14 Upcoming Events page 1 5 A New Orchid Hybrid for Arkansas George P. Johnson, Arkansas Tech University While examining Arkansas orchid specimens from the University of Missouri- Columbia (UMO) for the Vascular Flora of Arkansas Project, I was fascinated by a specimen of Cypripedium parviflorum, the Southern Yellow Lady s- Slipper (UMO 82436). It seems to be intermediate between the two varieties of that species that we have in the state, vslts. parviflorum and pubescens. Normally, var. parviflorum (Small Yellow) has a labellum that is 2-3 cm long, sepals that are dark reddish-purple, and 4-6 well-developed leaves per stem, Vv'hile var. pabescens (Large Yellov/) has a labellum that is 3-4 cm long, sepals that are greenish-yellow with reddish-purple lines, and 3-4 well-developed leaves per stem. The specimen, collected by E J. Palmer in Washington County in 1925, #26986, consisted of 2 stems and combined the characteristics of both varieties. These plants had a labellum that was 2 cm long, sepals that were greenish-yellow with reddish-puiple lines, and 4 well- developed leaves per stem. I consider this specimen to represent a hybrid and refer to it as the Hybrid Southern Yellow Lady s-Slipper. Interestingly, a quick search of the literature on North American orchids failed to find mention of any hybrid between these two varieties. At this time, I do not know how common this hybrid may be within Arkansas, nor its patterns of variation. Given that the flowering times and the distribution within the state of the two varieties overlap almost completely, it may be quite common and is just being overlooked, passing as one variety or the other. Any flowering plant of Cypripedium parviflorum, the Southern Yellow Lady's-Slipper, should be given a second look; its varietal identity may not be what it appears to be at first glance. Pretty In Pink: The Calopogons by Carl Slaughter M.D. If you were to ask, what do you think is the prettiest family of our wildflowers? Most people would say the orchids. If you were to ask, which genus of our wild orchids would you say is the prettiest? Most people would say the Cypripediums (lady’s-slippers) or the Platantheras (fringed orchids). I would like to add a third genus for consideration in this beauty pageant, the Calopogons (grass-pinks). There are five species of Calopogons recognized in North America with one of the five species {Calopogon tuberosus) having two varieties. All of the species have been found in the eastern half of North America. The extreme southeast (Florida and surrounding states) are home to the greatest number of these species. One species (C tuberosus var. tuberosus). can be found growing from Florida to Newfoundland. Another species (C. oklahomensis) has been found only in the mid portion of our country, and is relatively new to our lexicon. Calopogons can be found blooming in March in southern Florida, in May and early June in Arkansas, to July in Newfoundland. The common name grass-pink would indicate that the flowers have a variation of pink in their color. However, all species exhibit an occasional white form. The grass-pink orchid is a non-resupinate orchid. Most of our other orchids, as they go from bud to bloom, will rotate 1 80 degrees. Their lips are in the superior position when they begin their rotation, and end up in the inferior position after the completion of the 1 80 degree turn. This is known as resupination. The grass-pink mothers either failed to instruct their offspring in the maneuver, or they forgot. In all of the grass-pinks the lip is found in the inferior, non-resupinate position. Everything in nature has its purpose and reason. If it were not for this species’ non-resupination, its chances of being fertilized would be greatly reduced. The grass-pink’s column containing the anther and stigma are at the inferior location of the flower. The thin, hinge-like lip, with its colorful beard is found just over the column in the dorsal position. When a heavy enough pollinator, attracted by the color, lands on the lip, the lip hinges downward placing the pollinator in contact with the pollen grains and the stigma. This is how the Calopogons are pollinated. Arkansas is home to two of the five species of Calopogons, C tuberosus var. tuberosus and C oklahomensis. The following is a list of the North American Calopogons and a way to tell them from one another. Calopogon multiflorus Elongated forked corm; fragrant; purple rachis; pandurate petals; lip as wide or wider than long. Calopogon pallidas Widely spaced flowers on long spike; 1-3 flowers, opening simultaneously; other than tuberosus, the last to bloom; longest blooming period; lateral sepals reflexed. Calopogon barbatus Not fragrant; closely spaced flowers, opening simultaneously; stem and leaves elongate over the growing season; 2“^ to oklahomensis in earliest to flower; appressed narrow leaf. Calopogon tuberosus var. tuberosus Leaves only slightly curled transversely; grows in acidic wetlands; elongated lip with non- white, anvil-shaped, dilated distal end; blooms open in succession. Calopogon tuberosus var. simpsonii Grows in wet, marly soil; stongly transversely curled leaves; narrow and pale apex of middle lip lobe; lateral sepals sometimes reflexed. Calopogon oklahomensis Grows in remnant prairies; first to bloom; elongated forked conns; flowers open simultaneously 1 cm apart; lateral sepals reflexed; leaf length equal to inflorescence height; distant labellum disc same color as most of the flower; triangular region of short, pink hairs; fragrant, Calopogon oklahomensis is suspected to be an ancient hybridization between C. barbatus and C tuberosus., so let us go out and find C. barbatus in Arkansas. 2 Wild Edibles: Gooseberries by Jan Phillips Thanks to the negotiation skills of ANPS member and former president Don Crank, a new edible plant column will appear in the Claytonia written by Jan Phillips and excerpted from her book '‘Wild Edibles of Missouri, published by the Missouri Department of Conservation. In each issue / will make an effort to include a species that will be available when the issue comes out, for those of you who would like to try out a recipe or two. When eating any wild plant though, be sure to correctly identify the species, as some have poisonous look-alikes. Use caution and common sense. Thanks to Jan and the MDCfor the permission to include these reprints here. — ed. GOOSEBERRY {Ribes missouriense) FLOWERS: April - May DESCRIPTION: Simple, palmate leaf, irregular toothed. Woody stems with spines. Flowers dangle downward. Saxifrage Family HABITAT: Rocky or open dry woods, thickets LOCATION: Noi^ Arkansas (Ozark Mountains) COLLECTION: Leaves, March - May; Fruit, June - September USES: Fmit, pie, cobbler, jelly, tea Just mention gooseberries to me and the saliva begins to flow. This is due to the fact that I love the sour, tart berry and am enthusiastic about all of the products made from it. To enjoy a gooseberry while it is green, one must hold the berry in the mouth, slowly breaking it open and allowing adequate saliva to accumulate and dilute the sour flavor. The puckery berry, for my taste, is best when picked still green. The gooseberry hangs on a stem which generally pulls off with the berry. A hairy beard or whiskers remains on the flowering end of the berry. Both stems and whiskers must be plucked off before using in pies or cobblers. One must truly work for his supper if gooseberry pie is on the menu. Although time consuming, the result is “par-excellence”! After stems and whiskers are removed, put washed berries in a pie shell. Add 1&1/4 cup sugar, 1/2 t salt, 1 1/2 T flour, 1 T oleo, and top with the upper crust. Bake at 400 degrees for 45 minutes to an hour, or until golden brown. The ripe reddish or purple berry does not have the tangy tartness and is preferred by some in the pie. If ripe berries are, used, add only 3/4 cup of sugar . The delicate, pink colored jelly made from the green gooseberry is ambrosial food on hot breads. Gooseberry jam is equally good. My mother kills two birds with one stone when making both jelly and jam. She covers the berries with water and cooks for ten minutes or so. Then she pours off most, but not all, of the juice liquid. This is made into jelly by returning it to the heat, adding a small amount of Sure-jell and a cup of sugar per cup of liquid. The remainder of the juice and berries was mn through a colander to get as much of the pulp as possible. Again measure cup for cup with sugar, but add no Sure-jell in jam. When the liquid slithers off the spoon and begins to gel, pour into sterilized jars and seal. Gooseberry leaves may be used raw in a tossed salad or slaw. The young dried leaves may be used for making tea. Pick the young leaves and allow three months to dry. A tea is made by adding 1 1 cmshed gooseberry leaves to one cup of hot water and allowing it to steep for several minutes. Another name for this fruit is feverberry, so called because it is said to help break a fever by cmshing 1 1 of the berries and adding that to a cup of hot water. Whatever the name - feverberry, current, or gooseberry - it’s not great, if s FANTASTIC! ! !! ! From "Wild Edibles of Missouri, ” Copyright 1979 by the Conservation Commission of the State of Missouri. Used with permission. "Wild Edibles of Missouri” can be purchased from Missouri Department of Conservation for $6.00 plus S &Hby calling 1-877-521-8632 or go to WWW. mdcnatureshop. com Ribes missouriense (Missouri gooseberry) 3 J ANPS Sends Kids to Ecology Comp The Arkansas Audubon Ecology Cainp Conimittee would like to thank the Arkansas Native Plant Society for their generous financial support in helping to send three budding young naturalists to the Arkansas Audubon Ecology Camps in June. The ANPS contributed $500 in full and partial scholarships to send Alan McCray of Little Rock, Jazlynn Wisener of Norman, and Cody Daniels of Malvern to the camp. UARK Herbarium to Remain Open The University of Arkansas has announced that the UARK Herbarium will remain open despite recent cutbacks in funding at the University of Arkansas Museum. Dr. Johnnie Gentry, former director of the University Museum, will be the Ml-time herbarium director and curator. The herbarium will remain at its current location in the Biomass Research Center at the U of A Farm in Fayetteville. This is great news for the Arkansas Flora Project, all botanical researchers, state and federal agencies, and all those interested in the flora of Arkansas. Thanks to the U of A for finding a way to continue funding despite ongoing budget cuts, and many thanks to the Arkansas Native Plant Society for their support of the Herbarium! Memorials to Arkansas Vascular Flora Project Since the last issue of the Claytonia, donations in memory of the following people were made to the Arkansas Vascular Flora Project by Don Crank: B. Gregory Cook Elsie Logan Mary Macchietto To make a memorial, please make checks payable to University of Arkansas Foundation, for Flora of Arkansas Project. Send to Johnnie L. Gentry, Curator University of Arkansas Herbarium, Biomass Research Center 139, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701 New ANPS Members The following new members have joined the Arkansas Native Plant Society since the last issue of Claytonia; - Brent Baker (Dardanelle, AR) - Margaret D. Beasley (Greenbrier, AR) - Ellen & Tom Fennell (Little Rock, AR) - Susan Heaney (Jerusalem, AR) - Lynn Major (Little Rock, AR) - National Park Service Heartland Network Inventory & Monitoring Program (Republic, MO) - Lori Spencer (Paris, AR) - Bill Worthen (Little Rock, AR) We welcome these new members to the ANPS! New Orchid Book for Arkansas A new book on the native orchids of Arkansas is being written and publication by The University of Arkansas Press is expected in a few years. The authors are George P. Johnson Ph. D. of Arkansas Tech University, and Carl Slaughter M.D. of Morrilton. The book is intended to serve as a complete guide to the native and naturalized orchids of the Natural State and will be suitable for use by professionals and amateurs alike. While there are both non-technical and technical resources available to assist individuals with orchid identification within Arkansas, there is a great need for a more comprehensive treatment of this plant family than now exists. Such resources are available for many other states, some nearby or adjacent to Arkansas. The new book on Arkansas orchids will include tools like keys for identification, written descriptions, photographs, drawings, distribution maps, a glossary, and a pronunciation guide. No matter where they are, anyone from a casual hiker to a professional botanist will be able to readily identify with confidence all of the orchids known to occur within the State. The Orchidaceae, the orchid family, is the largest family of monocots and includes approximately 20,000 species. At this time, 42 different orchids are known to occur in Arkansas. Many of them are of conservation concern as their habitats come under increasing pressure from disturbance and development. George P. Johnson, Arkansas Tech University 4 Meet the New Botanist! Dr. Brett Serviss Though he has been here for more than a year, many ANPS members may not have had a chance to meet Dr, Brett Serviss, the new Assistant Professor of Biology at Henderson State University in Arkadelphia, Dr, Serviss is a botanist and plant taxonomist and is following Dr. Dan Marsh, who retired from Henderson two years ago, as the resident botanist at that institution. Dr, Serviss was bom in Lavrton, Oklahoma in 1971 . He received a B.S. in biology with a chemistry minor from Cameron University, a M.S, in weed science from Mississippi State University, and a Ph.D. in general botany and plant taxonomy from Mississippi State University. He now lives in Arkadelphia with his wife Tricia and their two children: Annabelle (3) and Lydia (6 months). His professional interests are primarily weedy and invasive species (including population biology, along with dynamics and factors affecting colonization, establishment, and spread of these species). Other research interests include Narcissus, Bignoniaceae, Araceae, and the Arkansas flora. He is also interested in herps and fishes, landscaping, family, and church. When I asked him why he came to Arkadelphia he said, ‘1 accepted the job at Henderson because I wanted to teach at a small school where I could get to know students, teach a variety of biology courses, and pursue research interests. I enjoy community outreach endeavors that build relationships between the local community and the University.” Though he didn’t mention it in the bio he sent for this piece, Dr. Serviss is a very talented botanical illustrator, and has had his technical illustrations published in scientific journals. He plans on helping to write and illustrate the upcoming Manual of the Vascular Flora of Arkansas. He will be giving a talk on Invasive Aquatic and Wetland Plants of Arkansas at the Rare and Invasive Plants of Arkansas Conference in October (see registration form this issue). The ANPS would like to welcome Dr. Serviss to Arkansas! - Theo Witsell Wiidflower Poaching - A Persistent Problem On May 10 1 led a field trip to several remnants of the Grand Prairie near Hazen, Arkansas. One of the main attractions of this trip was the chance to see the rare bearded grass-pink orchid {Calopogon oklahomensis), which is restricted to these unplowed prairie remnants. We pulled up to one of the Natural Areas, where I knew the exact location of a small population of these orchids. I led the group over to the area and was dismayed to find a number of fresh holes scattered around the area where the orchids were. These weren’t groundhog or armadillo holes, mind you, but characteristic shovel imprints. I don’t know if the poachers were digging orchids or if they were after one of the many other species of showy wildflowers. Either way, this digging can do irreparable harm to rare plant populations. Sadly, this isn’t the first time I’ve seen areas where poachers have ransacked protected Natural Areas. I was at White Cliffs Natural Area a couple of years ago and found holes all over the ground where there was fonnerly a nice stand of pale purple coneflowers. This happens on protected lands all over the state. Sometimes it is wiidflower gardeners, sometimes it is commercial root diggers. Almost all of our native wildflowers are easily grown from seed. Yes, it takes longer to grow them from seed, but we rob from the future when we dig plants from protected areas. If you must dig, get permission from landowners to dig from areas that are going to be destroyed by development. Otherwise, grow from seed! Digging plants without a permit on protected areas in Arkansas is illegal and is punishable by law. Please report illegal digging to the county Sheriff and the landowner or manager. - Theo Witsell Echinacea Echinacea purpurea pallida Two popular poaching victims in Arkansas... 5 Spring 2003 Minutes ARKANSAS NATIVE PLANT SOCIETY General Meeting April 26, 2003 The general meeting of the Arkansas Native Plant Society was called to order at 8:05 p.m., in the Caddo Room at DeGray Lake Resort by the President, Mary Ann King. SECRETARY’S REPORT: There was an omission in the minutes of the October 12, 2002, meeting under New Business. It should read, “The motion was made that ANPS accept the project (Jude Jardine’s) and fund it up to the amount of $ 1 ,000.” Linda Gatti Clark moved that the minutes be approved as amended; Lana Ewing seconded; the minutes were approved as amended. TREASURER’S REPORT: Barbara Little distributed the Treasurer’s Report. Ed Schoenike moved that the report be approved; Carl Amason seconded the motion; the Treasurer’s Report was approved as presented. OLD BUSINESS: Barbara Little reported on the progress of obtaining tax-exempt status for ANPS, which will al- low donors to receive a tax deduction. The IRS made a recommendation to amend our Articles of Incorporation and Barbara read the wording the IRS suggested using in the amendments. Don Crank moved to accept the revi- sions and continue to work on getting this status. Jim Peck seconded. The motion passed. Barbara reported that the IRS had told her that donations will be 50 percent de- ductible. Johnny Gentry explained the different accounts of the Arkansas Vascular Flora Project. There is the U of A Foundation, the U of A straight account for donations, and U of A funds for workshop registration. Donations for the Flora Project should be send directly to Johnny Gentry, University Herbarium, Biomass Research Center 141, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville as printed in the Winter, 2003, Claytonia. The check should be made to the U of A Foundation for the Arkansas Flora Project. The Checklist of the Plants of Arkansas being compiled by the Arkansas Flora Committee is due into Jim Peck by September 1; the project should be available by October 23-24, 2003. The editor of the newsletter, Theo Witsell, asks for comments, suggestions, compliments, or complaints to the Claytonia. These can be sent by e-mail to anpsclay- tonia@yahoo.com. Jude Jardine had a sample of her final format on invasive plants. Her biggest problem is images. She passed around a list of species which need images and asked that any contributions be sent on her e-mail or a disc. She needs two or three persons to volunteer to edit the work. She plans to be finished by the fall, and hope- fully it will be ready to be passed out at the fall meeting. NEW BUSINESS: The fall meeting is tentatively set for the last weekend in September in Paris, Arkansas/Mt. Magazine. Confirmation will be in the Claytonia. President King appointed a nominating com- mittee for the offices of vice-president, secretary and his- torian. The committee consists of Lana Ewing, chairman, Don Crank and Jude Jardine. ANNOUNCEMENTS: Johnny Gentry announced a workshop on trees, vines and woody plants to be held at UCA, Jonesboro, Monticello and Fayetteville on May 17 from 9:00 a.m. to 2:00 p.m.. The registration deadline is May 5. There is a $15.00 fee to attend, $10.00 for additional members of a family group, and $10.00 for ANPS mem- bers. Eric Sundell passed out brochures for the Audubon Camp for 1 1 and 12 year olds. There are two sessions, June 15 and June 22. $500 was approved in the fall for this summer. There will be a vote again in the fall of next year on financial aid for the next summer. Barbara Little reported on her visit to Garvan Gardens today and then- plans for a future bird garden. The field trip on Sunday will be led by Bill Shepherd on the Terre Noire Blackland Prairie Natural Area. Those interested will meet at 9:00 a.m. at the Best Western park- ing lot in Arkadelphia on 1-30. There is a breakfast buffet that opens at 6:00 at Bowen’s Restaurant which is associ- ated with the Best Western. The meeting was adjourned at 8:45 p.m. Respectfully Submitted, Sue Clark, Secretary 6 ANPS Fall 2003 Meeting DATE & LOCATION September 26-28, 2003 Paris, Arkansas (near Mt. Magazine) SCHEDULE Friday 26 September 6:00 to 7:00 pm - Registration in the St. Joseph Parish Hall 7:00 pm - Auction Saturday 27 September 8:00 am - field trips to Mt. Magazine and other places 7:00 pm ~ business meeting Sunday 28 September 8:00 am -field trips DIRECTIONS The auction on Friday evening and the business meeting on Saturday evening will be at St. Joseph’s Parish Hall, which is located on the west side of Paris on Highway 22 (a.k.a. Walnut Street), 1 block from the town square, across the street from the Chamber of Commerce. ACCOMMODATIONS Paris: Paris Inn 479-963-2400 Double - $42.36 (room +tax- total price/night) single - $39.1 1 (room + tax - total price/night) The Paris Inn is on the east end of town on Highway 22 about 2 blocks from WalMart, next door to the police station. Other motels in Ozark: Ozark Motel - 479-667-1500 Hillbilly Inn- 479-667-2995 You’ve laughed at his jokes at the meetings! You’ve seen his gardens on TV! You’ve been amazed by his knowledge on field trips! You’ve been entertained by him during the annual auction! Now, the Arkansas Native Plant Society is pleased to announce the 2003 STUMP CARL AMASON CHALLENGE! That’s right! Bring your obscure plants — natives, ornamentals, house plants, weeds, you name it, to the fall meeting! if you don’t know what it is, Carl probably does! (and if not, he’ll make up something funny all the same)... Challenge one of the most knowledgeable plant people in the state and learn some plants at the same time! Prizes for onyone who can stump Carl! Call by 31 August to confirm room; We have 25 rooms here - 3 have kitchenettes. Other accommodations (as we will probably run out of room in Paris): Camping - contact Mt. Magazine State Park 479-963-8502 Ozark: Oxford Iim 479-667-1131 All rooms $39 + tax (have 10 downstairs rooms for us - contact by 3 1 August) Pleopeltis polypodioides (resurrection fern) 1 ANPS Field Trip Reports I received two accounts of the field trip to the seep on the Ross Foundation land from the Spring meeting— one from Mary Ann King and one from Carl Amason. They were different enough to include both, so here they are — ed.. Ross Foundation Seep I By Mary Ann King Don Crank certainly gets the award for securing the best spring meeting field trip. About half-way between DeGray & Hot Springs, the seep was intriguing with so much to look at that we could have easily spent all day instead of the few short hours. Wild blueberries {Vaccinium spp.) of several species were in bloom. Some of the photographers in the crowd got some good shots of these. ‘Hey, look at this!’ rang out repeatedly. Mountain azalea {Rhododendron prinophyllunt) was still in bloom, its spicy fragrance delighting all. Umbrella magnolias {Magnolia tripetald) were in full bloom, defying Carl Amason ’s pronouncement that they all smell bad. . . A real treat was large-leaved storax {Styrax grandifolid) in full bloom - one after another after another. Royal fern {Osmunda regalis), cinnamon fern {Osmunda cinnamomea) & sensitive fern {Onoclea sensihilis) were in all their glory, with cinnamon & royal fern showing their rust colored fertile fronds. Christmas fern {Polystichum acrostichoides) abounded & resurrection fern {Pleopeltis polypodioides) was spotted here & there. Other great plants seen but not in bloom were Solomon’s seal {Polygonatum biflorum), wild black cherry (Prunus serotina), bellwort {Uvularia sp.), dogwoods {Cornus Jloridaf crested iris {Iris cristata), dogbane, vernal witchhazel {Hamamelis vemalis)^ parsley haw {Crataegus marshaliii), 8c pasture haw {Crataegus spathulata) & rusty blackhaw {Viburnum rufidulum). Talking about common names some of us wondered how the name Solomon’s Seal came about. If anyone knows, please share this info with the rest of us. * Dr. Sundell taught us that the tender tips of greenbrier {Smilax spp.) are delicious! * Editor’s note: The way I’ve heard it told, Solomon 's seal gets its name from a series of flat, round scars on the rhizome. These can be seen by carefully excavating the dirt from the base of a mature plant (without actually digging it up). These white, round depressions, or “seals”, are about the size of a dime and appear to have been pressed into the root (as with old-fashioned sealing wax, which was used to seal letters in the old days) - ed. Ross Foundation Seep II By Car! Amason Don Crank, one of the fern experts in the Arkansas Native Plant Society, led a trip in the afternoon to a site owned by the Ross Foundation. Upon arriving to the site, near Dead Man’s Curve (a sharp curve through a moxmtain pass that was eliminated by recent highway construction) between Lake DeGray and Hot Springs, the first thing to catch our eyes on the rocky, sunny embankment were the plants of the bicolored bird’s foot violet {Viola pedata) and there were several in the beginning dry woods on the sides of an old settlement road. There were many plants of winged elm {Ulmus alata), red maple {Acer rubrum), hop hornbeam {Ostrya virginianaf white oak {Quercus albaf and northern red oak {Quercus rubra) on both sides of the roadbed. A presumed wild turkey nest was shown to us next to a small tree in the leaves, but the hen had just flown away. Shortly, we came to an intersection of another settlement road and it soon paralleled a flowing, bubbling brook that we followed for the rest of the trip. The road gradually dipped into moist woodlands and we didn’t cross the brook but stayed near it and found so many plants in mid-spring bloom. There were several Carolina silverbells {Halesia tetraptera) and bigleaf snowbells {Styrax grandiflora). Then flowering rose-shell azalea {Rhododendron prinophyllum) with deep pink to rosy flowers scattered on the side toward the brook. Several Vacciniums were on the dry side of the road and one was lowbush blueberry ( Vaccinium pallidumf an extremely stoloniferous low bush type. Another was deerberry {Vaccinium stamineum) which has more open-lobed white flowers with extended stamens that are usually described as resembling a ballerina’s tutu with her dancing feet extended. Growing close to the water’s edge were noble plants, fully four feet tall, of royal fern {Osmunda regalis) with bipinnately compound leaves and cinnamon fern {Osmunda cinnamomea), both with showy sporangia. All along the creek bottom were umbrella magnolias {Magnolia tripetala). They were common and in the peak of perfection. A bit further we turned around and there was a seepy area populated with New York fern {Thelypteris noveboracensis). Just about any place there were garden worthy plants. No trilliums or orchids were noticed but they were probably present. The whole area was a vast rock garden, complete with a clear mountain stream and plenty of rocks. The afternoon trip was shortened because so many member of the ANPS board were in the group and they had a meeting to get to. This is one place the writer would like to return to and see it at any season, especially the spring. 8 ANPS Field Trip Reports Terre Noire Natural Area By Carl Amason Terre Noire Natural Area near Arkadelphia in Clark County is part of a blackland prairie that occurs in southwestern Arkansas. At one time it was considered prime cotton land but this part of the prairie is now owned by the Arkansas Natural Heritage Commission. It is a distinct one, with French spelling, but the local pronunciation of the name is “Turn War”. At one time Native Americans kept the land burned to maintain a good pasture for bison, but now the Natural Heritage Commission uses prescribed fire to keep the eastern redcedars, pines, and sweetgum trees from encroaching on the prairie. The trip was led by Bill Shepherd and Dr. Eric Sundell, both knowledgeable plant people. The first flowering plant seen was Penstemon laxiflorus, but the flowering head wasn’t as loose or lax as the ones growing in Union County’s acid soils. Next was a single plant, identified as a “sandwort”. It resembled an alpme or rock garden plant. In the open prairie, there were hundreds of fossilized snail shells, which kept very well in the black calcium rich soil. There were hundreds of old stalks and seed heads of the pale purple coneflower {Echinacea pallida), but no leaves emerging yet. The Arkansas Natural Heritage Commission has been successful so fair in the prescribed burning and is keeping out eastern redcedars, pines, and other unwanted woody vegetation. In the middle of the Natural Area remains a small grove of trees including some calciphytes such as nutmeg hickory {Carya myristiciformis), American elm {Ulmus americana), and slippery or red elm {Ulmus rubra). We made a loop through the area, continuing through a woodland along a right-of-way where flowering plants of rose verbena {Glandularia or Verbena canadensis). We also found some plants of the Hercules club or toothache tree {Zanthoxylum clava-herculis) and some field trippers chewed enough of the bark to get a tingling sensation. Next came a sampling of chewing the bark of the slippery elm and a woman from Dardanelle who didn’t try a tooAache twig, did chew after being assured that no trick was involved, and the mucilage would probably help her hoarseness. She chewed and in a short time she could speak well enough to assert herself. Soon we were back at our cars and it was time to say farewell to Terre Noire Natural Area. About six of us stayed around for a while, after becoming engrossed in watching a dung beetle rolling a ball of dung across the highway. They had never seen such activity before except for one Union County farm boy that learned them as tumble-bugs and knew what was going on. She got to the edge of the pavement, stopped for a moment, leaving the dung ball behind and disappeared under the pine straw by the edge of the road. Soon the pine straw looked as if she was doing push-ups and she soon reappeared, got the ball of dung, and disappeared under the leaves to bury it. The experience of watching the dung beetle was well worth the time. In ancient Egypt, dung beetles were sacred; a symbol of life after death, or resurrection. In the classical literature they were known as scarabs. Gemstones were and are still carved in their likeness. So, wildflower people are adaptable, they have so many interests, and life for them is never boring! Terre Noire Natural Area has recently been expanded from 76 acres to 244 acres. For a map and directions to Terre Noire Natural Area, contact the Arkansas Natural Heritage Commission at 501.324.9619 or visit their web site at http:// WWW. naturalheritage. org. Towering Pine Trail DeGray Lake State Park By Carl Amason A delegation of the ANPS left the parking lot and drove to the trailhead near the amphitheater where parking was ample. The ANPS members were not alone as another birdwatching group was gathering, but we never heard or saw anything of the group again as we all went in separate ways. Movement was slow and deliberate as the crowd investigated all the plants, as everything was so interesting. The leader was Dr. Eric Sundell, followed by Dr. Jewel Moore. The trail sloped down to a footbridge that crossed a small flowing stream. Below the bridge was a scrambling vine of coral or trumpet honeysuckle {Lonicera sempervirens) in bloom. The trail then arose up to dry shortleaf piue {Finns echinata) and other woodland trees and large shrubs bordered the trailsides. Parsley-leaved hawthorns {Crataegus marshallii) were past blooming and pasture hawthorns (C. spathulata) were just beginning to bloom. Along the way was some herbaceous Dutchman’s pipe {Aristolochia reticulata), not in bloom yet but flowering stems, well-budded, came off the erect plants, one to the plant, growing at ground level 90 degrees from the leafy stem, often hiding in the leaf litter. There were some beautiful flowering examples of the fringe tree or grancy graybeard {Chionanthus virginica) that were scattered about the woods, especially in the more open, sunny areas. Common also along the trail were the winter leaves of the crane-fly orhid {Tipularia discolor) and they were the only sign of any orchid noted. There were also plants of ebony spleenwort {Asplenium platyneuron) along most of the dry uplands. 9 ANPS Field Trip Reports The trail turned back toward the DeGray Lake side and followed an intermittent stream, which became more of a permanemt weak flow of water before the lakeside was reached. Partidgeberry {Mitchella repens) carpeted the ground but only had well-developed buds. Other ferns were noted - Christmas fem {Polystichum acrostichoides) which were soon supplanted by lady fem {Athyrium fllix-femina) in more moist soil. In a part of the rocky streambed where water trickled, American alumroot (Heuchera americand) was in its full, insignificant bloom. There were several yaupon hollies {Ilex vomitoria) in bloom along the trail and the open flowers made easy the distinguishing between male and female flowers, always on separate shmbs of this American holly, the only North American holly that contains caffeine. On the lakeshore, shmbs of buttonbush {Cephalanthus occidentalis) were just beginning to show green in their foliage buds. And when the lakeshore was reached, there was a scramble by the botanists in the group to gather herbarium specimens of water pygmy weed {Tillaea aquaticd) and then Dr. Jewel Moore found growing in the mud of the water’s edge one of the rarest fem allies in North America, pillwort {Piluaria americand), complete with spore “pills” on the roots. It takes good eyesight and some imagination to see the plant, let alone discover it! It is rarely seen. Both the Tillaea and the Pilularia are considered new records for Hot Spring County. Some of the bystanders were perhaps disappointed by the finds but happiness and excitement prevailed due to the discoveries. Dr. Sundell found a black rose fungus and demonstrated how they release their spores when disturbed. All along the way were scattered plants of the hairy spiderwort {Tradescantia hisuticaulis) in shades of bluish and purplish, and one colony of Ohio spiderwort {T, ohioensis) were found that had bluish, purplish, and pinkish flowers all close together. Back at the parking lot was the foliage of some Amaryllis family plant without buds, that resembled any species in the family. The field trip ended with a feeling of accomplishment, good feelings and fellowship of kindred souls. People were ready to go again. were rained out. Those attending were Tanya Miller, Theo Witsell, Penny Robbins, A. J. Higginbottom, Doug Wilson, Beckie Moran, George and Lilly Sinclair, Yvonne Becker and myself. There turned out to be two rock gardens in the National Forest. The first was at the peak of a sandstone outcrop along the Saline and Perry County line within view of the Winona Scenic Drive (Forest Rd. 132), which runs between Hwy. 9 on the east end and Hwy 7 on the west end. Here our fieldtrip observed large clumps of rose verbena ( Verbena canadensis) mixed with Ohio spiderwort {Tradescantia ohiensis) and scaly blazingstar {Liatris squarrosd). When the Liatris began blooming, it turned into a butterfly garden. All I needed was a shaded rock I could sit on while waiting for those beauties to come to the flowers I had focused my camera on. I heard several clicks of the camera as they flew in to have their pictures taken. The other rock garden is on Forest Rd. 179, which I take on the way out to Forest. Rd. 132. It seems that the Forest Service’s prescribed bum program has released approximately 1 1/2 acres of the white-flowered Texas azalea {Rhododendron viscosum), very fragrant and beautiful along the north facing slope. The plants are all youngsters but were simply full of flowers. I only observed about six old plants. Some were pretty old, approximately five feet in height, so a historic site from years back is being restored. I was able to confirm that we have a fairly stable population of Kentucky lady’s-slipper orchids {Cypripedium kentuckiense) along some small feeder streams on the upper Saline River, and one small clump on the north bank of the Alum Fork River. I also heard from our local upper Saline guru, Bill Chaney, that a local turkey hunter had seen approx, sixty yellow lady’s- slippers in April, which would be the southern yellow lady’s- slipper (C parviflorum var. pubescens) species. What this could mean is that late blooming C. parviflorum var. pubescens could hybridize with early blooming C. kentuckiense, which would give proof that they do cross-pollinate {see article elsewhere in this issue about hybrid yellow lady ‘s-slipper orchids - ed). Upper Saline River By John Pelton, Ouachitci Chapter President We had ten people show up for the Saline River field trip in April. We were able to stay out for two hours before we were rained out. We first went to the Narrows, then on to the county line rock garden (a rocky sandstone ridge in the Ouachita National Forest on the Saline/Perty County line). We were going to check out the lady’s-slipper site near Danville Rd., but Theo and I located the Brown’s waterleaf {Hydrophyllum brownei) site on the upper Saline, a real nice population near Steel Bridge on the North Fork. Also, our trip to the Ouachita National Forest west of Mt. Ida added some taxonomic questions to the Ouachita populations of spiderworts {Tradescantia spp.). On the rare butterfly front. The male Diana Fritillaries were approximately one week early this year. I have seen several along the forest roads, and we had six in our yard June 4. They seem to know when the monarda, purple coneflowers and butterfly weed are starting to bloom. 10 The Arkansas Vascular Flora Project presents a RARE AND INVASIVE PLANTS OF ARKANSAS CONFERENCE October 23 & 24, 2003 Fayetteville, Arkansas With events at: U of A Continuing Education Center UARK Herbarium & Clarion Inn — Fayetteville Co-sponsors; Arkansas Natural Heritage Commission U of A Herbarium US Fish and Wildlife Service Ouachita National Forest Arkansas Field Office of The Nature Conservancy Arkansas Vascular Flora Committee FTN Associates^ Ltd. Registration forms and conference information will be available on the Arkansas Flora Project website at http://www.nark.edn/~arkfloray and the Arkansas Natural Heritage Commission’s website at http://www.naturalheritage.org. This conference will coincide with the release of the new Checklist of the Vascular Plants of Arkansas^ compiled by the Arkansas Vascular Flora Committee. Copies of the Checklist will be available for sale at a discounted price. 11 Rare and Invasive Plants of Arkansas Conference Schedule & Directions Thursday October 23 1:00 PM — Deport for field trip to Chesney Prairie Natural Area, Cave Springs Cove Natural Area, and Stump Proirie (meet at U of A Herbarium). Note: We will carpool to the field trip sites from the Herbarium. 4:30 PM — Return from field trip 5:00 — 6:00 PM — Conference check-in at Clarion Inn 5:30 — 6:30 PM — Social at Clorion Inn 6:30- 7:30 PM — Dinner ot Clarion Inn (provided) 7:30 — 8:30 PM — Evening Program at Clarion Friday October 24 All of today's activities will take place at the U of A Continuing Education Center in downtown Fayetteville. 7:30 — 8:30 — Conference Check-in 8:00 AM — 1 2:00 PM — Presentations 12:00 PM— 1:00 PM— Lunch (provided) 1:00 PM — 4:30 PM — Presentations Directions to Conference Events TJARK Herbarium (meet for field trip on Thursday, October 23) The UARK Herbarium in located in the Biomass Research Center, which is on the U of A Farm in Fayetteville not far from 1-540. From 1-540, take the State Hwy 1 1 2/Garland Avenue Exit (Exit #66) and proceed south on Hwy 1 12/Garland Ave. for approx. 1 mile to Knapp St. (you will see a sign that says “Pauline Whitaker Animal Science Center*’. Turn right onto Knapp and go one block to Hatch Ave. Turn right onto Hatch. Park in the Biomass Research Center parking lot. The Biomass Research Center is the one story dark brown building immediately on the left. Clarion Inn (Dinner and Program on Thursday evening, October 23) The Clarion Inn is located at 1255 S. Shiloh Drive, at the intersection of 1-540 and US Hwy 62 in the southwest part of Fayetteville. Take Exit #62 on 1-540. The hotel is south of Hwy 62 and west of 1-540. The U of A Continuing Education Center (all day on Friday, October 24) The U of A Continuing Education Center is located in “the square” in downtown Fayetteville, which is most easily accessed from Hwy 71 B (a.k.a. College Ave.). The Center for Continuing Education is on the northeast comer at the intersection of Center Street and East Avenue. It is next door to the Radisson Hotel (prominent in the Fayetteville skyline). See attached map for more directions. Info packet upon receipt of registration will include info on parking options near the Fayetteville Square. Lodging A block of rooms has been reserved for Thursday night, October 23 at the Clarion Inn at the government rate of $55 per night. Phone = 479.521.1 166. There are several other hotels in the area (see below) as well, but rooms were only reserved at the Clarion. Red Roof Inn Quality Inn 1000 S. Futrall Dr. 523 S. Shiloh Dr. 479.442.3041 479.444.9800 Holiday Inn Express 1251 N. Shiloh Dr. 479.444.6006 Super 8 1075 S. Shiloh Dr. 479.521.8866 Hampton Inn 735 S. Shiloh Dr. 479.587.8300 Radisson Hotel (adjacent to U of A Cont. Ed. Center) 70 N. East Ave. 479.442.5555 12 List of Topics & Speakers: Thursday October 23 Field trip to Chesney Prairie Natural Area, Cave Springs Cave Natural Area, & Stump Prairie (focusing on restoration efforts and invasive species problems there) Led by Joe Woolbright (Contract Land Steward, Arkansas Natural Heritage Commission) Presentation: Arkansas’ rare and threatened ecosystems and rarest & most invasive plants (slide show) Theo Witsell (Botanist/Field Ecologist, Arkansas Natural Heritage Commission) Friday October 24 Presentation: Restoring ecosystems and managing invasives on a landscape scale in Arkansas Scott Simon (Director of Conservation, Arkansas Field Office of The Nature Conservancy) Presentation: Restoration and management of the federally listed Missouri Bladderpod in the Ozarks Paul McKenzie, PhD. (Endangered Species Coordinator; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Columbia, MO) Presentation: Threats posed by invasive species to rare endemic species in the Southeast United States Kim McCue, PhD. (Conservation Biologist, Missouri Botanical Garden) Presentation: Relocation and monitoring of Geocarpon minimum on sandstone glades in Missouri Tim Smith (Botanist, Missouri Department of Conservation) Presentation: Dolomite Glade Restoration in the Missouri Ozarks Dan Drees (Natural Resource Steward, Missouri Department of Natural Resources) Presentation: Competitive advantages of Japanese honeysuckle over native honeysuckles Katherine Larson, PhD. (Associate Professor of Biology, University of Central Arkansas) Presentation: Rare and invasive species management on the Ouachita National Forest Susan Hooks (Botanist, Ouachita National Forest) Presentation: Alien Plant Invaders of Arkansas: A Floristic Perspective Johnnie Gentry, PhD. (Director and Curator, University of Arkansas Herbarium) Presentation: Genetic research on Moore’s Delphinium, an Interior Highlands endemic Edith Hardcastle, PhD. (Assistant Professor of Biology, University of Southern Indiana) Presentation: Status of Maple Leaf Oak, an Arkansas endemic David Williams PhD. (Assistant Professor of Biology, Okaloosa- Walton Community College) Presentation: Invasive Prickly Nightshades and Cogongrass Charles T. Bryson PhD. (Research Botanist, USDA-ARS, Southern Weed Science Research Unit) Presentation: Aquatic and Wetland Weeds of Arkansas and the Southeastern United States Brett Serviss PhD. (Assistant Professor of Biology, Henderson State University) Presentation: Ongoing Invasive Species Survey and Eradication Projects Paul Shell (Plant Inspection and Quarantine Manager, Arkansas State Plant Board) 13 Rare and Invasive Plants of Arkansas Conference REGISTRATION FORM Name; Organization/Affiiiation: Mailing Address: Daytime Phone Number; Fax Number: Email Address: Dinner on the 23rd (check one); chicken fish vegetarian Lunch on the 24th (check one); turkey beef vegetarian Cost is $35.00/person (includes dinner and lunch), due by October 15th, 2003. Registration fees will not be refunded after October 1 7, 2003. Substitutions are welcome anytime. Payment Method: Check (payable to University of Arkansas) Credit Card (If paying by credit card, please complete the box below) VISA Mastercard Discover Card Card Number Expiration Date; Name as it appears on card; Signature: Register by phone at 479.575.3604 or 800.952.1 165, fax completed registration form to 479.575.7232, or mail completed form and payment to: UA Division of Continuing Education 2 E. Center St. Fayetteville, AR 72701 Attn: Claudia Cochrane NOTE; Inquiries about the conference itself should be directed to Dr. Johnnie Gentry ot the U of A Herbarium, NOT to the UA Division of Continuing Education. Call 479.575.4372 or email gentry@uark.edu. 14 Notes from the Editor by Theo Witsell Upcoming Events Not much space this time. Mainly I wanted to thank a few people for all their work and helpful advice regarding this issue, especially Don Crank, Mary Ann King, Linda Gatti-Clark, Jim Peck, Carl Amason, John Pelton, George Johnson, Eric Sundell, Brett Serviss, Johnnie Gentry, Carl Slaughter, and my wife Tanya. Td also like to thank the Arkansas Native Plant Society for giving me a generous computer budget. I have purchased a new ANPS machine, complete with scanner, printer, and graphics software. Unfortunately, I didn’t have time to explore the new software for this issue, but the Fall issue should be a little more snazzy. I am also looking into posting the entire Claytonia on the web and distributing it electronically to those members who would prefer it. Paper copies would still be available as well. Not much to report this time around. 1 know there must be more going on than this! Send in upcoming field trips, workshops, conferences, etc. September 26-28, 2003: ANPS Fall Meeting, Paris, Arkansas — Annual Plant Auction, field trips to Mt. Magazine, Stump Carl Amason, etc. See info this issue! October 4, 2003: Slide Show “Fall Wildflowers of the Ouachitas” - Theo Witsell & John Pelton, Wildwood Park, Little Rock, Arkansas-- Theo will give the talk using John’s magnificent slides. Part of the Wildwood speaker series. Starts at 10:00. October 23-24, 2003: Rare and Invasive Plants of Arkansas Conference, Fayetteville, Arkansas — Includes presentations from regional speakers, specimens of rare and invasive plants, field trip, and more. See info this issue! One last thing. . . an update on the search for the missing narrow- leaved milkweed {Asclepias stenophylld) [see article last issue]. Dr. Eric Sundell and I visited the general area where Dwight Moore made his 1953 Carroll County collection and found a large, gated residential development (Holiday Island). Lots of former glades, but no A. stenophylla. Much potential habitat remains to be searched, but it is still missing despite our modest two day effort. Keep your eyes peeled if you are in that area! PLEASE SEND SUBMISSIONS/SUGGESTIONS TO: 219 Beechwood St. Little Rock, AR 72205 anpsclaytonia@yahoo.com Arkansas Native Plant Society Membership Application Please check the appropriate box below, NAME(S) Membership Categories: $10 Student $15 Regular $20 Supporting $25 Family Membership $30 Contributing $150.. . Lifetime Membership (55 and over) $300... Lifetime Membership (under 55) Please cut and send this form along with any dues to: Eric Sundell, Membership ANPS Division of Mathematics and Sciences University of Arkansas at Monticello Monticello, AR 71655 New Member Renewal Address Change ADDRESS: Street or Box City State Zip Code Telephone - - Email address 15 Please check your mailing label! If your mailing label has an 02 or earlier it is time to renew! Life members will have an LF. Please fill in the information form on the oppo- site side of this page and send it with your re- newals, applications for membership, changes of name, address, email, or telephone numbers to the address given on the form: [Not to the editor]. Thank you. 2002-2003 ANPS OFFICERS President: Mary Ann King 479.293.4359 President Elect: Linda Gatti Clark 501.796.4104 Vice President: Bumetta Hinterthuer. . .479.582.0467 Editor: Theo Witsell 501.614.8465 anpsclaytonia@yahoo.com Historian: Carl Amason 870.748.2362 Secretary: Sue Clark 501.666.5149 Treasurer: Barbara Little 870.935.6905 Membership: ErieSundell 870.367.2652 Ark. Coalition: Carl Hunter ....501.455.1538 Awards/Scholarhrf: George Johnson ^ george.johnson@mail.atu.edu Check out our website at www.aaps.org The purpose of the Arkansas Native Plant Society is to promote the preservation, conservation, and study of the wild plants and vegetation of Arkansas, the education of the public to the value of the native flora and its habitat, and the publication of related information. CLAYTONIA Theo Witsell, Editor 219 Beechwood St. Little Rock, AR 72205 anpsclaytonia@yahoo.com ROBBINS, Penny 43 Valencia Way Hot Springs Village, AR 71909 Newsletter of the Arkansas Native Plant Society Summer/Fall 2003 l! CLAYTONIA The Newsletter of the Arkansas Native Plant Society Vol. 23 No. 4 Earleaf False Foxglove [Agalittis aurkutatd\ Winter 2003/2004 Rediscovered in Northwest Arkansos after 1 20 years! by Bumetta Hinterthuer In this issue: A Bipolar Orchid Hunt page 3 ileven Point River 5ofe page 4 Plants of diristmos Time page 4 An Annotated Checklist of Arkansas Orchids Page 5 Tallgrass Prairies in Arkansas: Port 1 page 7 Field Trip Reports page 11 Spring 2004 Meeting page 12 Chamaelirium tuleum page 12 ANPS Classifieds pages 13 On September 6th, 2003 the Ozark Chapter of the Arkansas Native Plant Society visited Saunders Heights m Carroll County. Mary Reuter, Wendy Carroll, Linda Ellis, Patrick Pmitt and Bumetta Hinterthuer were present on the excursion. Wc were hoping to be able to locate species that had not been documented in Carroll County before and provide voucher specintens and location information to Dr. Johmue Gentry at the University of Arkansas for the Arkansas Flora project. During the fidd trip, Linda Ellis> who is a botanical illustrator for the Flora of Missouri update projcci, became excited when we found a rather nondescript member of the fig wort family (Scnophulariaccac). Until I looked carefiihy, [ was not impressed “ especially since she mennoned that its habitat in Missouri was buffalo wallows and [didn’t b/U/fda Ellis think of this limestone bedrock road as being a good place for buffalo to wallow! BuL the base of the leaves flared out inlo ear-like lobes and identified (he plant as Agalinis aunculaia. Linda knew from her previous work in Missouri that the plant was considered rare on the global level because its habitat had been largely destroyed in the past hundred yeais. In this case, the plant was growing on timestone bedrock in shallow soil, possibly where a seep is located. There ’ivcre several in the population. Although (lie plant is not spectacular in appearance, its identity excited us. It had not been encountered in northwest Arkansas since F. L. Harvey collected it in Benton County in 1 8 S3. Ma/y Reuicr has been trying to get us to Saunders Heights for a couple of years and now we know why. continued on page 2 The field trip that September day yielded several new county records, but it was the Agaiinis auriculata that really e^ceited us. For several years» the Arkansas Matural Hcrilage CoTTunission has been on the Lookout for this plant in northwest Arkansas^ knowing of the collection firom JSS3, It has been found in souUiwesEero Arkansas in the blaekland prairies and in prairie habitat in the Missouri OEarbt, so they had expected (and hoped) to rediscover it in northwest Arkansas. Finding a plant that has been unseen in an area for so long definitely creates a sense of awe. We do plan follow- up trips to this site in the coming year. Looking at a topographic inapj we noticed other interesting peaks in Carroll County and can^t help wondering what else is there. If you would like to become a member of the Ozark Chapter of ANFS or request a nowsletteti conLaet Mary Reuter at S70- 423-2498 or email reuter@hscsysLcms.eom More Notes on Agalinis aurkuhta by Theo Witselt T was most excited when I received emails from Linda and Bumetta telling me of their exciting rediscovery (after 120 years [) of this very rare species in the Arkansas 07.arks. As Bumetta mentioned ^ it had been missing from nortliwest Arkansas for a long time and that makes this discovery particularly interesting. Even more interesting^ perhaps^ is the unusual biology and ecology of this species. Earlier this fall I attended the Natural Areas Assodattem Conference in Madison, Wisconsin. There was a paper given there that taught me a lot I didn't know about Agalims nuriculata. AgaJims {luriculaia has gone by many different names and has been in several different genera in the fig^vcl^t family (Scrophulariaceae). It has been called Tomanthcra auriciitaia^ Agaiiffis miriculaidt Ger like the sand cherry {Pninus pitmih vai siisquehefine), which i$ seldom found south of the upper Midwest Many of these species were found for the first dme in the last year, though dozens of great botanists have worked the area since Thomas Nuttall traveled through in IS19! Perhaps they had just been overlooked. Perhaps they are showing up as rhe result of better management hi recent years ^ particularly the rcintroduction of rejuvenating prairie fire. Fire, we now understand, is essential to the life of the prairie. With these treasures still being found, ive can only imagine what was lost with the other 399,570 less fonunate acres, Mow there is even more reason for hope. Today a new chapter is being wrinen in the history of the Grand Prairie. People are beginning to work toward putting some of the prairie back. Seeds are being collected and new grass is growing in propagation fields in the region, inventory is continuing and the picture is coming together of what grew where. It is true that we cannot entirely replace what has been lost, but we can do our best to put back as many of the pieces as possible. It is logical. It is right. It is our responsibility. Happy New Year! P.S. I got a number of complaints about the last issue arriving mangled beyond recognition. Hopefully the envelopes will solve this problem. Tliank you. * Earlier tslinuiespuiihis figure at 3|ipTio^. ^ 20,000 acjies but recetiEdiila.lTtjm . . ^ . i * i ^ d ciignal litnd sehv(^ [tl au pui ihc nna ai ahavi 300,000 Bcr«. Aster pate/ii, late p urpic aster PUASE SEHD SUBMISSIONS/SUGGESTIONS TO: 219 Be6thwt>od St. Little Rock, AR 7220S anpsclaYtonia@ydhDd.com Arkansas Native Plant Society Membership Application P lease check the appropriate box below. Membership Categories: $10 Student $15 Regular $20 Supporting ^$25 Family Membership $30 Contributing $150.. . Lifetime Membership (55 and over) $300.. . Lifetime Membership (under 55} New Member Renewal Address Change NAME(S) ADDRESS: Street or Box. City State Zip Code Telephone - Email address Please cut and send this form along with any dues to: Eric Suadell^ Membership ANPS Division of Mathematics and Sciences University of Arkansas at Monticello MontkelEo, AR 71655 15 Please check your mailing label! If your mailing label has an 03 or earlier it is time to renew! Life members will have an LF- Please fill in the information form on the oppo- site side of this page and send it with your re- newal applications for membership, changes of name, address, email, or telephone numbers to the address given on the form: [Not to the editor]. Thank you. Check out our website at www.anps.org The purpose of the Arkansas Native Plant Society is to promote the preservotionr conservotion^ ond study of the wild plants and vegetation of Arkansas, the educotion of the public to the value of the native flora and its habitat, and the publication of related information. 2003-2004 ANPS OFFICERS President : Mary Ann King 479 .2 93 .43 5 9 President Elect: Linda Gatti Clark. . .. * .50L796.4 104 Vice President: Bumetta Hinterthuer , , . 479 . 5 82. 0467 Editor: Theo Witsel k _ 501.614. £46 5 anpsc laytoni a@y ahoo, com Historian: Carl Ainasoii 870,748.2362 Secretary: Judy Logan,... 50L767.4330 Publicity: Sue Clark ....50L666.5149 Treasurer: Barbara Little £70.935,6905 Membership : Eric Su ndell ^ h .8 7 0.36 7, 26 52 Ark. Coalition: Carl Hunter 501 .455. 1 538 Awards/Schoiarhips: George Johnson george.johnson@mail . atu. ed u Theo Witsell, Editor 219 Beech wood St Little Rock, AR 72205 a n ps cl ay ton ia@yahoo.com Newsletter of the Arkansas Native Plant Society Winter 2003-2004