Aquatic Surveys and Assessment of Selected Springs in the Centennial Valley, Beaverhead Co., MT Prepared for the MT TNC Field Office by David M. Stagliano Aquatic Ecologist March 2008 SSP-^5: ggfgyjg| ^^^^^^v • /■ Tepee Creek looking South t MONTANA Natural Heritage Natural Resource Information System University of Montana Project Summary Project goals of the Aquatic Survey and Assessment of selected springs in the Centennial Valley include: 1) to sample and assess aquatic community integrity based on macroinvertebrate, habitat sampling and basic water chemistry data, 2) to identify and interpret key macroinvertebrate indicators found at the sites, especially identifying SOC or unique taxa. Habitat Evaluations. On-site habitat assessments were conducted using the rapid assessment protocol by the BLM Aquatic Assessment ( http://wwwl.usu.edu/buglab/forms/Bug%20Protocol%20form.pdf ). Using this assessment, the reach was divided into 10 equally spaced transects. Parameters recorded at each were: wetted width, 3 channel depth measurements, large woody debris and riparian shading. Basic water chemistry parameters (temperature, pH, conductivity, dissolved O2) were recorded prior to macroinvertebrate sampling using a Horiba H-10 water monitor. The goal of these evaluations is to characterize local reach geomorphology, riparian and in- stream habitat, and other characteristics that influence aquatic community integrity. Sites ranking higher using these protocols are determined to have higher quality local-scale habitat. Macroinvertebrate Communities. Macroinvertebrates were collected from 10 designated transects across the reach with a 500- micron D-frame dipnet. The method utilized was the EMAP Reach- Wide multi-habitat protocol outlined in Lazorchak (1998). All 10 samples were composited into a bucket, and the organisms were washed onto a 500-micron sieve, transferred to a 1 liter Nalgene bottle, labeled, preserved in 95% ethanol and transported to the MTNHP lab in Helena for processing. The samples were processed (sorting, identification, and data analysis) by D. Stagliano following MT Department of Environmental Quality's protocols (MT DEQ 2005). Macroinvertebrates were identified to the lowest taxonomic level, imported into ED AS (Jessup 2006), and biological metrics were calculated from the data using the newest multimetric macroinvertebrate (MMI) protocols (Jessup et al. 2005, Feldman 2006). Table 1. Impairment determinations from the MMI and O/E (RIVPACS) models (taken from Jessup 2005, Feldman 2006). Ecoregion Mountain Low Valley Eastern Plains RIVPACS >0.8 or< 1.2 <0.8 or > 1.2 >0.8 or< 1.2 <0.8 or > 1.2 >0.8 or< 1.2 <0.8 or > 1.2 >63 <63 >48 <48 >37 <37 Impairment Determination Not impaired Impaired Not impaired Impaired Not impaired Impaired Metric results were then scored using the Montana DEQ bioassessment criteria and each sample categorized as non-impaired or impaired according to threshold values (Table 3). The impairment threshold set by MT DEQ is 48 for the Low Mountain/ Valley Index, thus any scores above this threshold are considered unimpaired . Most of these Centennial sites should be categorized as Low Mountain / Valley sites, but we will run the metrics using the DEQ Mountain MMI as an alternate method. The macroinvertebrate MMI score is based upon a series of metrics that measure attributes of benthic macroinvertebrate communities regarding condition changes to a stream system (in the form of anthropogenic caused changes). Sites All sites for this TNC assessment lie in Beaverhead Co., MT within former Centennial Livestock Ranch lands or adjacent to the ranch, including a DNRC State Section. Habitat assessments, water quality measurements, macroinvertebrate surveys were performed at 4 predetermined spring (stream) sites (per conversation with Nathan Korb) and an additional 2 stream sites. Three longitudinal sequence stream reach sites were sampled in Murphy Creek; while 2 were sampled in Fish to Metzel Creek. Three lotic types were delineated within the study area: Small Warm Spring Influenced Stream, Small Cold Springs and Small Foothills Streams. Table 2. Spring Station information. Elevation in feet. Water temp in °C, Cond=conductivity in jus/sec. HBI=Habitat Health assessment rank by riparian/stream evaluations (++) good-excellent, (+) fair-good, (-) poor, (- -) degraded. Bug Sample (+) = taken at site, (-)-not taken. Spring # Name Lat Long Elev H 2 Temp Cond PH HBI Bug Sample 1a Murphy Creek headcut 44.7006 - 111.8782 6831 27.2 598 7.58 + + 1 Murphy spring Right Seep 44.7002 - 111.8781 6826 28.4 605 7.58 + - 1b Murphy Creek @ Side Spring 44.6997 - 111.8791 6820 29.4 564 7.64 + + 1c Murphy Creek below culvert 44.6987 - 111.8801 6799 26.8 594 8.05 + + 1 Murphy Creek Leaving Ranch 44.6949 - 111.8821 6742 24.8 587 7.3 - - 2 Metzel Spring Source 44.7024 - 1 1 1 .8897 6810 26.7 597 8.18 ++ + 2 Metzel seep downstream 44.7023 - 1 1 1 .8907 6800 22.8 602 8.26 + - 3 Dulany Spring 44.7039 - 1 1 1 .8930 6824 22.9 606 7.99 - + + 3 Combined springs-Fish Creek meadow 44.7015 - 1 1 1 .8923 6764 14.5 620 8.05 - 3 springs forming Fish Creek meadow 44.7000 - 1 1 1 .8926 6752 14.9 622 8.08 - 4 Metzel Creek 44.6754 - 111.7515 6758 13.2 399 8.8 - - 4a Metzel Creek above road 44.6955 - 111.8971 6713 4.5 428 8.6 - + 4 Fish Creek DNRC parcel 44.6996 - 111.9081 6776 12.7 388 7.89 - - 4 Fish Creek DNRC parcel 44.7008 - 111.9108 6786 12.5 374 7.9 - 4b Fish Creek upstream Willow riparian area 44.7022 - 111.9161 6838 12.5 382 7.9 + + 5 Tepee Creek 44.6809 - 1 1 1 .7537 6690 9.1 187 7.05 - + 6 Hellroaring Creek Spring 44.6157 - 111.5488 6817 7.5 269 6.78 + + Results Habitat Evaluations. Highest site riparian habitat scores were measured in the Fish Creek willow dominated riparian reach on the DNRC state section. Lowest riparian integrity scores were also recorded from Fish Creek at a cattle crossing and a culvert site, and spring channels flowing to Metzel Creek. Tepee Creek scored moderately degraded. For the spring sites, Metzel spring ranked highest in ecological condition, Murphy spring sites were fair to good & Dulany Spring was impacted by excavation, but the in-stream habitat ranked good and was similar to some sections of Murphy Creek springs. Water quality parameters, conductivity and pH, were fairly uniform (fall within a normal range) across all spring sites ranging from low conductivity at Tepee Creek (187 |ns/sec) to higher values at Metzel Cr. down from the confluence of the springs (622 |us/sec). Warmest temperature measured was 29.4°C at a side spring to Murphy Creek (Table 2). Fish Communities. Fish were not specifically targeted in our surveys, but we did record 2 fish species from the spring sites, the longnose dace (Rhinichthys cataractae) and the mottled sculpin (Cottus bairdii). Longnose dace were quite abundant in the warm spring reaches of Murphy Creek, Metzel and Dulany Springs; whereas the sculpin were only recorded in the cooler temperatures downstream from the warm water inputs (Fish and Metzel Creeks) were the water temps were below 22 degrees C. Macroinvertebrate Communities. Overall, 74 macroinvertebrate taxa were reported from 9 samples within the TNC Centennial Spring and Creek Sites. Average macroinvertebrate taxa richness per site was 15.7 and the highest taxa richness reported at Dulany Spring was 22 taxa. One introduced species were reported, the wide-ranging amphipod, Hyalella azteca (from all Murphy Creek spring sites). No new species or species of concern (SOC) were collected, although some interesting taxa are reported across most "warm- spring" sites that are not usually found in typical mountain stream habitats. These "spring-only" taxa included Chimarra cf. utahensis, Ochrotrichia, Helicopsyche borealis (see drawing), Fallceon quilleri and others (inset Table). Low numbers of individuals (<300 ind.) were collected at Tepee, Dulany and Metzel Creek (above road culvert site). Since the stream area where macroinvertebrate collection takes place is fairly standardized, these low numbers usually indicate impairment in stream habitat or water quality. Using the Montana DEQ multimetric index (MMI), 8 of the 9 samples were ranked non- impaired (good to excellent biological Unique "Cool" Taxon Spring Sites Fish Cr. ups Stoneflies Sweltsa sp. + Zapada cinctipes - + Mayflies Ameletus similior m + Fallceon quilleri + - Caddisflies Rhyacophila brunnea gr. + + Hesperophylax cf. designatus + - Helicopsyche borealis + + Ochrotrichia + Chimarra cf. utahensis + Neophylax rickeri + Neophylax splendens + Dragon/Damselflies Argia Ophiogomphus severus + + True Flies Pseudochironomus + Pagastia Radotanypus Eukiefferiella pseudomontana + + + Drawing of Helicopsyche borealis, the snail-cased caddisfly, abundant in most Centennial warm-spring sites. ©Ethan Nadeau. integrity), and 1 was moderately impaired (Metzel Creek above the culvert) (Table 3). Although, Tepee Creek should also be ranked impaired by the MMI, but low numbers of organisms (red-flag) can eschew the metrics and cause score inflations. Tepee Creek also had the lowest number of taxa, most of which are tolerant to disturbance. The upstream reach of Fish Creek has the only macroinvertebrate community that resembles a high quality, cold-water trout stream community (Table 3). Hellroaring Spring also contained a fair number of sensitive cold-water taxa (Appendix A). Community results from the habitat, fish and macroinvertebrate surveys combined to rank the following sites from highest biological integrity to lowest within their aquatic ecological classification codes: Overall Aquatic Ecological System Site Condition (in order of highest to lowest integrity): Small Warm Spring Influenced Stream-(AES S003)-l) Murphy Creek Spring, 2) Metzel Spring, 3) Dulany Spring Small Cold Spring Stream-(AES S003c)-1) Hellroaring Spring Small Foothills Stream (AES D001)-l) Fish Creek (ups Willow Riparian Area), 2) Metzel Creek at Culvert, 3) Metzel Creek at Road , 4) Metzel Creek (below meadow), 5) Fish Creek cattle crossing, 6) Tepee Creek Table 3. Aquatic integrity ranking of all inventoried sites. Total number of invertebrates (# of ind.), total taxa richness (T_Taxa), LVAL and MTN MMI scores, (++) = high biological integrity, (+) = good integrity, (-) = slightly impaired, (--) = moderate to severely impaired biological community. Shaded-cells represent good to excellent scores above set thresholds. NC= scores not recalculated. Spring # Name T-Taxa #of Ind LVAL MMI MTN MMI MMI Rank 1a 1b 1c Murphy Creek Spring headcut Murphy Creek @ Side Spring Murphy Creek below culvert 14 16 16 366 367 309 57.7 53.5 59.1 nc nc nc + + + 2 Metzel Spring 19 247 56.3 nc + 3 Dulany Spring 22 *157 60.3 nc ++ 4a Metzel Creek above culvert Fish Creek upstream Willow riparian area 10 20 *147 405 28.4 18.4 - 4b 50.8 69.4 + 5 Tepee Creek 9 *102 *76.6 41.1 ?. 6 Hellroaring Spring 15 298 64.7 nc ++ Murphy Creek furthest upstream @ headcut Key Environmental Factors: Spring discharge permanence. Grazing — moderate- severe impacts, Hydrology-upstream dams or diversions in the watershed. Ecoregion: Centennial Basin (17af) typical Rare or Unique Species: No rare species or communities documented Rare Features: A warm spring feed by numerous side springs in the high-elevation Centennial valley. Introduced/Exotic Aquatic Species: The amphipoda, Hyalella azteca recorded Overall Ecological Condition: Fair-with high restoration potential, cattle regime management Moderately impacted by cattle grazing, grazer increasers in the riparian zone-Baltic rushes and Carex nebraskensis dominate. Reach Geomorphology: Single thread spring channel dominated by cobbles, pebbles that are slightly embedded by fine sediments; a warm-spring flowing through lush, dense beds of bittercress and watercress. Fish Community: Longnose Dace, incidentally collected. Probably the only native species in the valley able to survive within a warm springs creek. Fish Community Quality: IBI= Expected fish community? Macroinvertebrate Community: Good Macroinvertebrate Quality, dominated by the transitional cool-water stream community (Stagliano 2005), including some species not typically collected in mountain streams — Chimarra, Ochrotrichia, Helicopsyche borealis, Fallceon quilleri Macroinvertebrate Community Quality: MT MMI= 57.8 Murphy Creek mid-way to headcut @ side spring Key Environmental Factors: Spring discharge permanence. Grazing — moderate impacts, Hydrology— upstream dams or diversions in the watershed. Ecoregion: Centennial Basin (17af) typical Rare or Unique Species: No rare species or communities documented Rare Features: A warm spring feed by numerous side springs in the high-elevation Centennial valley. Introduced/Exotic Aquatic Species: The amphipoda, Hyalella azteca recorded Overall Ecological Condition: Fair-with high restoration potential, cattle regime management Moderately impacted by cattle grazing, grazer increasers in the riparian zone-Baltic rushes and Carex nebraskensis dominate. Reach Geomorphology: Single thread spring channel dominated by cobbles, pebbles that are slightly embedded by fine sediments; flowing through lush, dense beds of bittercress and watercress. Fish Community: Longnose Dace, incidentally collected. Probably the only native species in the valley able to survive within a warm springs creek. Fish Community Quality: IBI= Expected fish community? Macroinvertebrate Community: Good Macroinvertebrate Quality, dominated by the transitional cool-water stream community (Stagliano 2005), including some species not typically collected in mountain streams — Chimarra, Ochrotrichia, Helicopsyche borealis, Fallceon quilleri Macroinvertebrate Community Quality: MT MMI= 53.5 ■Kr*^ Murphy Creek @ and down from culvert diversion Key Environmental Factors: Spring discharge permanence. Grazing — moderate impacts, Hydrology- upstream dams or diversions in the watershed. Ecoregion: Centennial Basin (17af) typical Rare or Unique Species: No rare species or communities documented Rare Features: A warm spring feed by numerous side springs in the high-elevation Centennial valley. Introduced/Exotic Aquatic Species: The amphipoda, Hyalella azteca recorded Overall Ecological Condition: Fair-Good-with high restoration potential, cattle management Reach Geomorphology: Single thread spring channel avg. wetted width 1.75 m, dominated by cobbles & pebbles (a few boulders) that are slightly embedded by fine sediments; 60% riffle, 30run and 10% pools. Less aquatic beds of bittercress and watercress like upstream. Fish Community: Longnose Dace, incidentally collected and abundant. Probably the only native species in the valley able to survive within a warm springs creek. Fish Community Quality: IBI= Expected fish community? Macroinvertebrate Community: Good Macroinvertebrate Quality, dominated by the transitional cool-water stream community (Stagliano 2005), including some species not typically collected in mountain streams — Chimarra, Ochrotrichia, Helicopsyche borealis, Fallceon quilleri Macroinvertebrate Community Quality: MT MMI= 59.2 Murphy Creek leaving the Ranch Key Environmental Factors: Spring discharge permanence. Grazing — moderate- severe impacts, Hydrology-upstream dams or diversions in the watershed. Ecoregion: Centennial Basin (17af) typical Rare or Unique Species: No rare species or communities documented Rare Features: A warm spring feed by numerous side springs in a high valley. Introduced/Exotic Species: The amphipoda, Hyalella azteca probably exists here. Overall Ecological Condition: Fair-with high restoration potential, cattle regime management Moderately impacted by cattle grazing, grazer increasers in the riparian zone-Baltic rushes and Carex nebraskensis dominated Reach Riparian Ranking: BLM= NA EPA RBP= NA Reach Geomorphology: Single thread warm spring channel avg. wetted width 2.75 m, dominated by cobbles & pebbles (a few boulders) that are slightly embedded by fine sediments; 30% riffle, 50% run and 20% pools. Less aquatic beds of bittercress and watercress like upstream. Fish Community: Longnose Dace, incidentally collected and abundant. Probably the only native species in the valley able to survive within a warm springs creek. Fish Community Quality: IBI= Expected fish community? Macroin vertebrate Community: Did not collect a Macroinvertebrate sample here. Probably the same community as upstream sites (temps only decreased 3°), especially with the water veg. beds present— Chimarra, Ochrotrichia, Helicopsyche borealis, Fallceon quitted Macroinvertebrate Community Quality: MT MMI= NA Metzel Creek spring @ source Key Environmental Factors: Spring discharge permanence. Grazing — no noticeable impacts. Ecoregion: Centennial Basin (17af) typical Rare or Unique Aquatic Species: No rare species or communities documented Rare Features: A warm spring arising out of a rocky outcrop in the high-elevation Centennial valley. Introduced/Exotic Aquatic Species: None recorded Overall Ecological Condition: Good, with proper cattle grazing management Reach Geomorphology: Single thread warm spring channel avg. wetted width 1.5 m, dominated by cobbles & pebbles (a few boulders) that are slightly embedded by fine sediments; 50% riffle, 40% run and 10% pool, flowing through lush, dense beds of bittercress and watercress. At spring orifice- 3m WW move dispersed spring area,l degree warmer-27.6° Fish Community: Longnose Dace, incidentally collected. Probably the only native species in the valley able to survive within a warm springs creek. Fish Community Quality: IBI= Expected fish community? Macroinvertebrate Community: Good Macroinvertebrate Quality, dominated by the transitional cool- water stream community (Stagliano 2005), including some rarely collected species not typical in mountain streams — Chimarra, Ochrotrichia, Helicopsyche borealis, Fallceon quilleri Macroinvertebrate Community Quality: MT MMI= 56.3 Metzel side channels after thrashed meadow Key Environmental Factors: Spring discharge permanence. Grazing — moderate- severe Hydrology—upstream dams or diversions, channelizations in the watershed. Rare or Unique Species: No rare species or communities documented Rare Features Introduced/Exotic Species: None recorded Overall Ecological Condition: Fair-Poor-with restoration potential, restore main channel flow, cattle grazing regime management, banks sloughing- needs riparian stabilization. Moderately impacted by cattle grazing, grazer increasers in the riparian zone, Carex nebraskensis dominated. Reach Geomorphology: Single thread channel, avg. wetted width 2.0 m, dominated gravels and silt (a few cobbles) that are moderately embedded by fine sediments; 20% riffle, 60% run and 20% pools. Fish Community: Longnose Dace, incidentally observed Fish Community Quality: IBI= Expected fish community? Macroinvertebrate Community: Did not collect a Macroinvertebrate sample here Macroinvertebrate Community Quality: na impacts, : None Dulany Spring @ source Key Environmental Factors: Spring discharge permanence, excavated out source area potentially adding sediments to the channel. Grazing — slight impacts. Rare or Unique Aquatic Species: No rare species or communities documented Rare Features: A warm spring arising out of an excavated outcrop in the Centennial valley. Introduced/Exotic Aquatic Species: None recorded Overall Ecological Condition: Fair, with proper cattle grazing regime management Reach Geomorphology: Single thread warm spring channel avg. wetted width 3.25 m, dominated by pebbles and gravel (a few cobbles) that are slightly embedded by fine sediments; most top reach flowing through lush, dense beds of bittercress and watercress- 100% run. At spring orifice- H20 warmer-25.6° Fish Community: Longnose Dace, incidentally collected. Probably the only native species in the valley able to survive within a warm springs creek. Fish Community Quality: IBI= Expected fish community?. Macroinvertebrate Community: Good Macroinvertebrate Quality, dominated by the transitional cool-water stream community (Stagliano 2005), including some rarely collected species not typical in mountain streams — Chimarra, Ochrotrichia, Helicopsyche borealis, Fallceon quilleri Macroinvertebrate MT MMI= 60.3 Metzel Creek @ road and upstream from culvert Key Environmental Factors: Spring discharge permanence. Grazing — moderate impacts, Hydrology- upstream dams or diversions in the watershed, channelization of flows, Riparian stabilization. Rare or Unique Species: No rare species or communities documented Introduced/Exotic Aquatic Species: None recorded Overall Ecological Condition: Fair- with high restoration potential, cattle grazing management Reach Geomorphology: At the road, channel widened by cattle trampling (photo right -2.5-3m WW). Single thread spring channel avg. wetted width 2.5 m, dominated by cobbles & pebbles (a few boulders) that are slightly- moderately embedded by fine sediments; 40% riffle, 50% run and 10% pools. Fish Community: Did not see any fish in this reach while sampling. Fish Quality: Expected fish community would be presumably a trout stream community. Macroinvertebrate Community: Poor Macroinvertebrate Quality, dominated by an impaired transitional cool- water stream community (Stagliano 2005). Macroinvertebrate MT MMI= 28.4 moderate- severe impacts, Hydrology— upstream dams or Tepee Creek Key Environmental Factors: Grazing diversions in the watershed-not likely. Ecoregion: Centennial Basin (17af) typical Rare or Unique Species: No rare species or communities documented Rare Features: No rare features documented Introduced/Exotic Aquatic Species: None recorded Overall Ecological Condition: Poor-with high restoration potential, cattle regime management Heavily impacted by cattle grazing, high livestock use index, thrashed and grazed riparian zone- Baltic rushes and Carex nebraskensi s dominates. Reach Geomorphol ogy: Single thread spring channel dominated by 100% fine sediment; a cool- spring flowing into the sand dunes area of the Centennial before disappearing in the sediments and eventually joining with Red Rock Ponds. Surrounding bank materials are similar to the channel bed materials. Fish Community: No fish species collected or sighted in the reach. Expected fish for this stream type have not been met. Fish Community Quality: IBI= 0/E= / 2.7 or 0% of the expected fish community Macroin vertebrate Community: Poor Macroinvertebrate Quality, dominated by tolerant species. Macroinvertebrate Quality: MT MMI= Eschewed value due to low invertebrate numbers Hellroaring Spring Ecoregion: Centennial Basin (17af) typical Rare or Unique Species: No rare species or communities documented Rare Features: No rare features documented Introduced/Exotic Aquatic Species: None recorded Reach Riparian Ranking: BLM= NA EPA RBP= NA Reach Geomorphology: Cobble-boulder dominated, 1.5 m channel width, cold-spring feeding into a series of ponds before joining Hellroaring Creek approximately Vi mile downstream. A high-integrity, cold- spring macroinvertebrate community collected. Fish Community: No fish species were collected, none expected. Fish Community Quality: IBI= No expected fish community Macroinvertebrate Community: A cold-water macroinvertebrate community with indicator species similar to the pristine mountain community (Stagliano 2005). Macroinvertebrate Community Quality: MMI= 64.7 Acknowledgements We would like to thank The Montana Field Office of the Nature Conservancy, especially Nathan Korb and Brian Martin (MT). Accommodations were supplied by the Centennial Livestock Ranch house owned by the Nature Conservancy. Field work was assisted by Linda Vance and Scott Mincemoyer. All photos in the report were taken by MTNHP personnel, unless otherwise noted. Literature Cited Feldman, D. 2006. Interpretation of New Macroin vertebrate Models by WQPB. Draft Report. Montana Department of Environmental Quality, Planning Prevention and Assistance Division, Water Quality Planning Bureau, Water Quality Standards Section. 1520 E. 6 th Avenue, Helena, MT 59620. 14 pp. Holton, G. D., and H. E. Johnson. 2003. A field guide to Montana fishes, 3rd edition. Montana Fish, Wildlife, and Parks, Helena. Jessup, B., J. Stribling; and C. Hawkins. 2005. Biological Indicators of Stream Condition in Montana Using Macroinvertebrates. Tetra Tech, Inc. November 2005 (draft). Jessup, B. 2006. Ecological Data Application System (ED AS) Version MT 3.3.2k A User's Guide. Tetra Tech, Inc. Lazorchak, J.M., Klemm, D.J., and D.V. Peck (editors). 1998. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program - Surface Waters: Field Operations and Methods for Measuring the Ecological Condition of Wadeable Streams. EPA/620/R-94/004F. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C. Montana Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ). 2005. Sample Collection, Sorting, and Taxonomic Identification of Benthic Macroinvertebrates. Water Quality Planning Bureau. Standard Operation Procedure (WQPBWQM-009). Stagliano, David, M. 2005. Aquatic Community Classification and Ecosystem Diversity in Montana's Missouri River Watershed. Report to the Bureau of Land Management. Montana Natural Heritage Program, Helena, Montana. 65 pp. plus appendices. http ://w w w .mtnhp . org/reports . asp#Ecolog y Appendix A. Macroinvertebrate Species List for all Centennial samples. Number of individuals (abundance) collected at each site. Grey Shaded -Spring Indicator taxa. Underlined = Coldwater Dependent taxa , Red Shaded are introduced species. Site Name site_code Taxon Abundance Dulany Spring UM_S0256 Argia 20 Dulany Spring UM_S0256 Chimarra cf. utahensis 25 Dulany Spring Dulany Spring Dulany Spring Dulany Spring UM_S0256 UM_S0256 UM_S0256 UM_S0256 Corynoneura Cricotopus Enallagma Erpobdella 1 13 4 1 Dulany Spring UM_S0256 Fallceon quilleri 4 Dulany Spring Dulany Spring Dulany Spring Dulany Spring UM_S0256 UM_S0256 UM_S0256 UM_S0256 Gyraulus parvus Hydrobius Libellula Micropsectra 15 3 2 3 Dulany Spring UM_S0256 Ochrotrichia 1 Dulany Spring UM_S0256 Ophiogomphus severus 4 Dulany Spring Dulany Spring UM_S0256 UM_S0256 Paramerina Physella 9 22 Dulany Spring Dulany Spring UM_S0256 UM_S0256 Pseudochironomus Radotanypus 7 12 Dulany Spring Dulany Spring Dulany Spring Dulany Spring Dulany Spring UM_S0256 UM_S0256 UM_S0256 UM_S0256 UM_S0256 Sciomyzidae Simulium Sphaerium Thienemannimyia gr. Tubificidae 3 1 2 5 1 Metzel Spring Metzel Spring UM_S0257 UM_S0257 Argia Chimarra utahensis 52 14 Metzel Spring Metzel Spring Metzel Spring UM_S0257 UM_S0257 UM_S0257 Cricotopus Cricotopus bicinctus gr. Enallagma 16 3 2 Metzel Spring UM_S0257 Fallceon quilleri 6 Metzel Spring UM_S0257 Fossaria 2 Metzel Spring UM_S0257 Helicopsyche borealis 63 Metzel Spring Metzel Spring UM_S0257 UM_S0257 Helophorus Libellula 1 4 Metzel Spring UM_S0257 Ochrotrichia 2 Metzel Spring Metzel Spring UM_S0257 UM_S0257 Paramerina Physella 4 39 Metzel Spring UM_S0257 Pseudochironomus 10 Metzel Spring Metzel Spring Metzel Spring Metzel Spring Metzel Spring UM_S0257 UM_S0257 UM_S0257 UM_S0257 UM_S0257 Rheocricotopus Stratiomys Thienemannimyia gr. Tubificidae Tvetenia bavarica Gr. 1 2 4 20 2 Metzel Creek @ Road UM_S0258 Argia 12 Metzel Creek @ Road UM_S0258 Cricotopus 21 Metzel Creek @ Road UM_S0258 Fossaria obrussa 4 Metzel Creek @ Road UM_S0258 Gyraulus 3 Metzel Creek @ Road UM_S0258 Hesperophylax 3 Metzel Creek @ Road UM_S0258 Hyalella azteca 21 Metzel Creek @ Road UM_S0258 Hydrobius 1 Metzel Creek @ Road UM_S0258 Hydroptila 5 Metzel Creek @ Road UM_S0258 Parametriocnemus 1 Metzel Creek @ Road UM_S0258 Physella 83 Metzel Creek @ Road UM_S0258 Psychoronia 2 Fish Creek uDStream UM S0258UP Ameletus 1 Fish Creek upstream UM_S0258up Antocha 1 Fish Creek upstream UM_S0258up Baetis tricaudatus 87 Fish Creek upstream UM_S0258up Brachycentrus amehcanus 22 Fish Creek upstream UM_S0258up Cinygmula 12 Fish Creek upstream UM S0258up Drunella doddsi 2 Fish Creek upstream UM S0258up Drunella arandis 6 Fish Creek upstream UM S0258up Ephemerella excrucians 34 Fish Creek upstream UM S0258up Helicopsvche borealis 54 Fish Creek upstream UM S0258up Hesperoperla pacifica 4 Fish Creek upstream UM_S0258up Isoperla 2 Fish Creek upstream UM_S0258up Lepidostoma unicolor 23 Fish Creek upstream UM_S0258up Micrasema bactro 16 Fish Creek upstream UM_S0258up Optioservus 23 Fish Creek upstream UM_S0258up Orthocladiinae 22 Fish Creek upstream UM_S0258up Pericoma 63 Fish Creek upstream UM S0258UP Rhithroaena 2 Fish Creek upstream UM S0258UP Sweltsa 8 Fish Creek upstream UM_S0258up Taeniopterygidae 1 Fish Creek upstream UM S0258UP Zapada cinctipes 22 Murphy Creek Spring Headcut UM_S0261 Argia 12 Murphy Creek Spring Headcut UM_S0261 Chimarra utahensis 21 Murphy Creek Spring Headcut UM_S0261 Cricotopus 6 Murphy Creek Spring Headcut UM_S0261 Cricotopus trifascia gr. 3 Murphy Creek Spring Headcut UM_S0261 Fallceon quilleri 23 Murphy Creek Spring Headcut UM_S0261 Gyraulus parvus 7 Murphy Creek Spring Headcut UM_S0261 Helicopsyche borealis 212 Murphy Creek Spring Headcut UM_S0261 Hyalella azteca 1 2 Murphy Creek Spring Headcut UM_S0261 Hydroptila 7 Murphy Creek Spring Headcut UM_S0261 Ochrotrichia 22 Murphy Creek Spring Headcut UM_S0261 Ophiogomphus severus 9 Murphy Creek Spring Headcut UM_S0261 Physella 12 Murphy Creek Spring Headcut UM_S0261 Radotanypus 5 Murphy Creek Spring Headcut UM_S0261 Simulium 15 Murphy Creek Spring down UM_S0259 Argia 30 Murphy Creek Spring down UM_S0259 Chimarra utahensis 55 Murphy Creek Spring down UM_S0259 Cricotopus 2 Murphy Creek Spring down UM_S0259 Cricotopus trifascia gr. 2 Murphy Creek Spring down UM_S0259 Fallceon quilleri 2 Murphy Creek Spring down UM_S0259 Gyraulus 3 Murphy Creek Spring down UM_S0259 Helicopsyche borealis 125 Murphy Creek Spring down UM_S0259 Hyalella azteca 21 Murphy Creek Spring down UM_S0259 Hydroptila 26 Murphy Creek Spring Murphy Creek Spring down down UM_S0259 UM_S0259 Ochrotrichia Ophiogomphus severus 3 21 Murphy Creek Spring Murphy Creek Spring Murphy Creek Spring Murphy Creek Spring down down down down UM_S0259 UM_S0259 UM_S0259 UM_S0259 Paramerina Physella Simulium Tubificidae 3 12 2 2 Murphy Creek Spring mid-way UM_S0260 Argia 43 Murphy Creek Spring mid-way UM_S0260 Chimarra utahensis 45 Murphy Creek Spring Murphy Creek Spring mid-way mid-way UM_S0260 UM_S0260 Cricotopus Cricotopus trifascia gr. 6 3 Murphy Creek Spring mid-way UM_S0260 Fallceon quilleri 4 Murphy Creek Spring mid-way UM_S0260 Gyraulus parvus 3 Murphy Creek Spring mid-way UM_S0260 Helicopsyche borealis 144 Murphy Creek Spring mid-way UM_S0260 Hyalella azteca Murphy Creek Spring mid-way UM_S0260 Hydroptila 21 Murphy Creek Spring Murphy Creek Spring mid-way mid-way UM_S0260 UM_S0260 Ochrotrichia Ophiogomphus severus 13 16 Murphy Creek Spring Murphy Creek Spring mid-way mid-way UM_S0260 UM_S0260 Paramerina Physella 3 22 Murphy Creek Spring mid-way UM_S0260 Radotanypus 1 Murphy Creek Spring Murphy Creek Spring Hellroaring Spring Hellroaring Spring Hellroaring Spring Hellroaring Spring Hellroarinq Sprinq mid-way mid-way UM_S0260 UM_S0260 UM_S0263 UM_S0263 UM_S0263 UM_S0263 UM S0263 UM_S0263 UM_S0263 UM S0263 UM S0263 UM_S0263 UM S0263 UM_S0263 UM S0263 UM_S0263 UM_S0263 UM_S0269 UM_S0269 UM_S0269 UM_S0269 UM_S0269 UM_S0269 UM_S0269 UM_S0269 UM_S0269 Simulium Tubificidae Baetis tricaudatus Cricotopus Diamesa Eukiefferiella pseudomontana Hesperophvlax desianatus Heterlimnius corpulentus Hydrobaenus Neophvlax rickeri Neophvlax splendens Pagastia Polvcelis coronata Rhyacophila brunnea gr. Sweltsa Thienemanniella Tipula Callibaetis Corixidae Dicrotendipes Leptophlebia cupida Notonecta Odontomyia Psectrocladius Stagnicola elodes Stratiomys 4 6 3 8 11 17 9 Hellroaring Spring Hellroaring Spring Hellroarinq Sprinq 47 3 40 Hellroarinq Sprinq 9 Hellroaring Spring Hellroarinq Sprinq 128 14 Hellroaring Spring Hellroarinq Sprinq 1 6 Hellroaring Spring Hellroaring Spring Tepee Creek Tepee Creek Tepee Creek Tepee Creek Tepee Creek Tepee Creek Tepee Creek Tepee Creek Tepee Creek 1 1 12 22 11 5 2 2 23 20 5