SPIDERS.
BY
THOMAS WORKMAN,
Vice-PRESIDENT BELFAST NATURAL HISTORY AND PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY.
VOL. L
MALAYSIAN SPIDERS.
PUBLISHED BY THE AUTHOR. BELFAST. 1896.
PREFACE.
In compiling the volume on Spiders now laid before the public, the Author’s endeavour has been to aid future workers in this interesting subject by supple- menting with drawings the well-known works of Professor T. Thorell, of Montpellier, to whom he owes a great debt of gratitude for continuous favours during many years. The first twenty-four drawings, in which the Author was assisted by his daughter, who unfortunately had to discontinue her help owing to her eyesight becoming impaired, were brought out in three parts— part 1 in 1892, and parts 3 and 4 in 1894—under the title of Malaysian Spiders,
Nearly all the specimens were collected by the Author in Singapore and Java, and are in his possession except where otherwise noted.
The male is denoted by ¢, and the female by ?, the distinctive marks usually adopted in works of this nature. The drawings of the palpi and epigynae were made when the parts were dry except when stated otherwise, but the colours have been taken from specimens as they appear after immersion in spirits of wine, and not from living spiders.
The Author hopes the notes on the habits and webs of the various species will be of interest, so little being known of the life history of tropical spiders.
‘* The heart is hard in Nature, that is not pleased With sight of animals enjoying life,
Nor feel their happiness augment his own.” —Cowrer. CRAIGDARRAGH, é Co, Down, jist August, 1890.
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ALPHABETICAL INDEX.
acromosoides (Phoroncidia), 58. zemula (Argiope), 27.
do. (Epeira), 27. albo-lineatus (Plexippus), 14. alfurus (Attus), 102. alternans (Hyllus), 11.
do. (Maevia), 11.
amecenuim (Theridium), 68. anaspasta (Epeira), 49. annulipes (Storena), 76. anseripes (Epeira), 36. argenteolum (Theridiosoma), 57. argentina (Argyroepeira), 54. atrica (Zilla), 39. attenuata (Ariamnes), 61. auratus (Oxyopes), IOI. austera (Tapponia), 98.
beccarii (Epeira), 5, 32.
bifida (Epetra), ey °
birmanicus (Oxyopes), 100.
blandum (Coleosoma), 60.
bogoriensis (Epeira), 50.
brevispina (Gasteracantha), 8. do, (Plectana), 8.
cacti-opuntis: (Epeira), 32. callidus (Daradius), 86. capes (Epeira), 21. celebesiuna (Argyroepeira), 52.
do. (Meta), 52.
do. (Tetragnatha), 52. centrodes (Epeira), 35. citricola (Aranea), 32.
oo tei) 32.
O. Ira), 32. confraga (Epeira), 34- cornutus (Attus), 102. coronata (Ergane), 15. coruscans (Venonia), 96. cursor (Sarotes), 82. cuspidata (Caerostris), 26.
do. (Gasteracantha), 8.
decens (Epeira), 47. decorata (Gea), sd
do, (Meta), 52.
do. (Tetragnatha), 52. de-haanii (Epeira), 50. d’urvellei (Attus), 12.
do. (Ephippus), 12. i (P achne), 92.
o. (Ornithoscatoides), 92.
decipiens (Thomisus), 92. diademata (Tharpyna), 4. doleschallii (Argiope), 29. doris: (Gasteracantha), 7, 8.
eczematica (Epeira), 45. elegans (Callinethis), 22.
do, ey = emarginata ira), 32. eohipolata (Epeira), 48. exanthematica (Crytophora), 44. exanthematica (Epeira), 44. extensa (Tetragnatha), 19.
fasciatum (Theridiosoma), 57. fasciatus (Argyrodes), 63. festiva (Gea), 30. fibulata (Argyroepeira), 53. flagellum (Ariadne), 61. flagellum (Ariamnes), 61. flava (Epeira), 32. flavida (Gasteracantha), 8. do. (Plectana), 8. formosus (Camaricus), 4. fornicatus (Camaricus), 4.
gemmea (Argyroepeira), 56. do. (Meta), ma gemellus (Oxyopes), 2. giganteus (Hyllus), 1oz. globosus (Physocyclus), 72. gracillimus (Pholcus), 71. guttata (Gasteracantha), 8.
harinandii (Corinnomma), 79. harpax (Gasteracantha), 7. hasseltii (Sinis), 103.
do. (Viciria), 103. helophorum (Theridium), 70. hilaris (Philodamia), 89. hispida (Epeira), 47.
indica (Seytodes), 73. indigattix (1 Epeira), x inquinatum (Theridium), 67. insulana (Epeira), 36. javana (Linyphia), 64. javanus (Oxyopes), 99. juvenca (Storena, 75).
kandarensis (Epeira), 50.
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ALPHABETICAL INDEX.
labyrinthea (Epeira), 5. laglaizei (Epeira), 41. lineatipes (Oxyopes), 1, 2, 99. do. (Spasus), 1. lineatum (Synawma), 87. leucomenus (Angus), 88. longimanus (Lagnus), 104. lygeana (Phoroncidia), 58. do. (Plectana), 58.
macrura (Epeira), 33- maculata (Nephila), 62. magnifica (Argiope), 27. mammosa (Gasteracantha), 5. mammeata (Gasteracantha), 8. mangiferse (Chiracanthium), 8o. manipa (Epeira), 48. marmorata (Scytodes), 73 martensii (Lvesis), 74. mediofusea (Plectana), 8. melanura (Crytophora), 36. micula (Epeira), 40.
mitifica (E-peira), 39. miniaceum (Theridium), 17. mitralis (Czerostris), 25. mulmeinensis (Epeira), 37, 40. mundulum (Theridium), 68.
nasuta (Argyrodes), 62. noegeata (Epeira), 43.
observatrix (Gasteracantha), 8. obtusa (Milonia). 51. opuntiz (Cyrtophora), 32. do. (Epeira), 32. ornatus (Loxobates), $3.
paradoxa (Caerostris), 25. do. (Epeira), 25. paviei (Epeira), 48. peltatus (Peltorynchus), 3. perpolita (Epeira), 46. picta (Mzevia), 10. porcula (Epeira), 35, 42. postilena (Epeira), 38. pulchripes (Tmarus), 85. punctigera (Epeira), 48. prognatha (Hygropoda), 95. pygea (Euophrys), 6.
quadri-tuburculatus (Uloborus), 18.
radiosa (Theridiosoma), 57. reinwardtii (Arigiope), 29. do. (Epeira), 29, rhombifer (Angecus), 88. roseo-limbata (Plectana), 8. ruber (L Lee age, - ruber (Lagnus), 104. rubro-pictus (Lycopus), 84.
rufofemorata (Epeira), 47. rumpfil (Epeisa), 4, 7» russatus (Mantius), 9, 16.
salebrosa (Euetria), 31. do. (Epeira), 31.
sannio (Hasarius), 15.
do. (Plexippus), 15. scoparia (Viciria), 103. sculptilis (Cyrtophora), 32. segnis (Boliscus) 93. semi-cincta (Misumena), 94. severus (Megatimus), 13. singaporensis (Psechrus), 78. spectabilis (Epeira), 50. striata (Argyopes), 27.
do. (Argyroepeira), 19.
do. (Epeira), 27.
do. (Meta), 19. — sub-mucronata (Epeira), 50. succineta (Agriope), 25. sumatranus (Argyrodes), 17. suminata (Gasteracantha), 8. sundaica (Serpe 77: sundiacum (Theridium), 17.
thelura (Epeira), 41. thomisoides (Epeira), 41. thoracica (Scytodes), 73 T-notatum (Theridium), 65. triacantha (Molione). 59. triangula (Epeira), 48. trifasciata (Argyopes), 29. do. (Epeira), 29. trituberculata (Epeira), 36. tuberculosa (Cserostris), = tubicolum (Theridium), é
unicolor (Epeira), 20.
variata (Philodamia), go.
vatia (Epeira), 48.
ventralis (Argyroepeira), 55. do. (Meta), 55. .
versicolor (Argiope), 28. do. (Chrysilla), 10, do, (Epeira), 28. do. (Plexippus), 10.
viduus (Carrhotus), 14. do. (Plexippus), 14.
virens (Hasarius), 16.
do, (Orus), 91.
do. (Dieta), 91.
vitatus (Plexippus), 11.
vulpina (Polyboea), 97.
weberi (Theridium), 69. workmanii (Damarchus), $1.
xyphias (Argyrodes), 62.
ADDENDA.
Page 3—/. rostratus, Thor., is a synonym of Sérigoplus albo-striatus, Sim. Bull. Soc. Zool., France, p. 446. 1885.
» 4—C. formosus, Thor., is a synonym of Camaricus striatipes, Van Hass. Midden Sumatra, etc., Aran., p. 43, pl. uli., figg. 7 and 8. 1882. » 16—//, virens, Thor., is a synonym of Zrgane sannio, Thor. ‘The Spiders of Burma, p. 391. 1895. 5» 17—A. sumatranus, Thor., isa synonym of Argyrodes flavescens, Cambr. Proc. Zool. Soc., London, p. 321, pl. xxviil., figg. 1-1f. 1880. Plate 97—Ocyale hirsuta, Work., should be out.
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OXYOPES LINEATIPES. C. L. Koch.
Syn.: 1848. Sthasus lineatipes, C. L. Koch, Die Arach. xv., p. 55, tab. DXVIIL., fig. 1455: 1891. Oxyopes Thor., Spindlar fran Nikobarerna och andra delar af Sédra Asien. (K. Svenska Vetenskaps—Akademiens Handlingar, XXIV., No. 2), page 71.
Description of Plate 1 g—a, figure of spider magnified ; 4, natural size; c, front view of eyes and falces, (eyes of first and second row too far apart in drawing); d, epigyne ; e, profile of spider ; /, right palpus of ¢.
Total length, ¢ 7 mm. @ 9 m.m.; cephalo thorax, ¢ 3 m.m. % 3 m.m. ; abdomen, ¢ 4 m.m. & 6 m.m.
Length of legs, ¢ i—15, ii—14, iii—11, iv.—15°5 milemetres. i @ ii—13, ii—t2, iii—10, iv.—13 milemetres.
The eyes in the front row are the smallest. Those of second row about the diameter of one of them apart. Clypeus rather higher than width of second row of eyes.
Four black lines on upper side of abdomen, and black line on lower side of first pair of legs.
Epigyne horse shoe shaped, convex side backwards. Spider when alive of a brilliant green colour, and is to be found in abundance in Singapore on bamboo hedges. It does not seem to make any web, but runs freely over the leaves. Very
common in the Malay Archipelago.
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OXYOPES GEMELLUS. Thor.
Syn. : 1891. Oxvopes gemelius, Thor., Spindlar fran Nikobarerna och andra delar af Sédra Asien. (K. Svenska Vetenskaps—Akademiens Handlingar, XXIV., No. a2), page 71.
Description of Plate 2 ¢—a, figure of spider magnified; 4, natural size; ¢, front view of eyes and ialces ; a, profile of spider ; ¢, left palpus.
This spider, found in Penang by myself in 1888, is in all respects exactly similar to Oxyopes dineatipes, C. L. Koch, except that the digital joint of the palpus is more prolonged at the joint, and a slight difference in the shape of the palpal organs. It may, therefore, not improbably turn out that this is but a variety of O. /ineatipes, C. L. Koch. The 9 has not yet been found.
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PELTORHYNCHUS ROSTRATUS. Thor.
Syn.: 1890. FPeltorhvachus peltatus, Thor., Aracnidi di Pinang p. 11. 1891. do. rostratus, id., Spindlar fran Nikobarerna och andra delar af Sédra Asien. (K. Svenska Vetenskaps— Akademiens Handlingar, XXIV., No. 2), p. 88. 1891-92. do. do. id., Studi, cet., IV., Ragni dell’ Indo-Malesia, cet., I., p. 114.
Description of Plate 3 ¢—a, figure of spider magnified; 4, natural size ; c, epigyne ; @, labium and maxillae ; ¢, eyes and falces ; 7, profile of spider.
Labium and maxillae covered with short spines. Strong spines on the front of the falces. Row of short strong spines on the edge of the clypeus. Long strong spines on the ocular area, and over the cephalothorax.
The genus Fe/torhynchus, Thor., can easily be distinguished by the peculiar pro- jecting clypeus. dg found in Java by Professor Kinberg, and 9 by me in Penang.
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CAMARICUS FORMOSUS. Thor.
Syn. : 1887. Camartcus formosus, Thor. (Viaggio di L. Fea. Cet. 2), Primo Saggio sui Ragni Birmani, loc. cit., p. 262. 1890. wi jorntcaius, Thor., Arachnidi di Nias e di Sumatra, p. 60.
Description of Plate 4 g—a, figure of spider magnified (abdomen too short in drawing); 4, natural size ; c, eyes and falces ; @, profile of spider ; ¢, left palpus
Sternum, falces, labium, and bases of the legs yellow. Dark brown coloured marking on lower side of abdomen with a light yellow margin. This species much resembles 7iarpyna diademata, L. Koch, Arachniden Australis, page 248, Taf. 42, figs. 2—3, but it differs remarkably from this species in the position of middle front eyes, which are nearer to one another than each one is to the corresponding side eye, Found in Burma, Sumatra, and Penang. Specimen in my collection. g unknown.
Camaricut fermosus ‘Thar. Fenang
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EPEIRA BECCARII. Thor.
Syn. : 1878. Apetra deccarit, Thor., Studi sui Ragni Malesi e Papuani II., Ragni di Amboina, cet , pp. 65—297. 1881. - » id., ibid. IIT., Ragni dell’Austro-Malesi, cet., p. 119.
Description of Plate 5 9% —a, figure of spider magnified ; 4, natural size; c, eyes ; d, epigyne ; 5a, snare
This spider I found in considerable numbers on a clump of mangroves growing at the side of the Deli road, about two miles from Singapore. Their webs are most beautifully constructed. The circular snare is placed horizontally with the edges somewhat turned up, and the centre raised in a cornicopea like shape, the upper part being slightly turned over ; half way up this tube the egg-cocoon is placed.
Below the snare is a network, larger than the snare, formed of irregular lines crossing and recrossing to protect the mouth of the tube, &c., on the underside. The snare is eight inches in diameter, and the tube three inches long. The tube was braced to the surrounding twigs and leaves to keep it in an upright position. The wonderful regularity of the circular snare, and the beautiful curve of the ascending tube, together with its perfect adaption as a means of supplying food and protection to its constructor and her progeny, made it one of the most interesting objects I have ever seen. Hentz describes a somewhat similar web as made by Feira labvrinthea, Hentz. See Hentz's Spiders of the United States, page 111, pl. 13, fig. 3, pl. 19, figs. 124 and 133. Found in Amboina and Singapore, but not common in Singapore. ¢ unknown.
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EUOPHRYS PYGAEA. Thor.
Syn. : 1891. Huophrys pygaea, Thor., Spindlar fran Nikobarerna och andra delar of Sédra Asien. (K. Svenska Vetenskaps—Akademiens Handlingar, XXIV., No. 2), p. 135. Description of Plate 6 9 —a, figure of spider magnified; 4, natural size; c, eyes ; d, epigyne ; e, labium and maxillae ; /, spider in profile. Length of legs, i—3, ii.—quite 3, iii—nearly 3, iv.—3} milemetres. Cephalothorax and abdomen sparsely covered with white hairs which do not show until the specimen is taken out of spirits and dried. Found by me in Penang. Specimen in my collection. ¢g unknown.
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GASTERACANTHA DORIAE. Sim.
1877. Gasteracantia dortae, Sim., Etudes Arach. X., Arach. Nouv. ou peu connus, in Ann. de la Soc. Ent. de France, 2° Ser., VII., p. 232, pl. 3, fig. 3.
harpax, Camb., on some new and little known Spec. of Aran., with remarks on the gen. Gasteracantha, in Proceed. of the Zool. Soc. of London, 1879, p. 284, pl. XXVI, fig. 9. 1889-90. 1s dortae, Thor., Studi cet. IV., Vol. 1, p. 57.
Description of Plate 7 9—a, figure of spider natural size ; 6, eyes ; c, centre of web showing beginning of outer spiral.
Snare seventeen inches diameter, constructed in a coffee-tree in Mr. Davidson's plantation on the mainland near Singapore. It had thirty rays which did not meet in the centre, but were joined by a circular thread. Outer spiral commences two inches out from this central ring and makes twenty-six revolutions, The spider was sitting in the centre of the web, head downwards. It has also been found at Sarawak in Borneo.
@ unknown.
Syn. :
1879. 7
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GASTERACANTHA BREVISPINA. Dol.
Syn. : 1837. Gasteracantha cuspidata, C. L. Koch, Die Arach. IV., p. 22 (ad partem :
exempla ‘“tuberculo-cephalothoracis singulo, conico ”).
1857, Plectana brevispina, Dol., Bijdrage tot de Kennis der Arachniden van de
|
i]
Indischen Archipel. p. 423.
flavida, id., Tweede Bijdrage ibid., p. 43, tab. XIIL., fig. 3. roseo-limbata, id, ibid., p. 43, tab. XIIL, fig. 1. mediofusca, id., ibid., p. 44, tab. XIIL, fig. 9.
1859. Gasteracantha mammeat., Thor., Nya exot. Epeir, in Ofvers. af Vet.-
1881.
1882. ? 1882. 1889-90.
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Akad. Forhandl. XVL, p. 301. gutiata, id., ibid. mammeata, id., Freg. Eugenies Resa, Arach., I., p. 18. guttata, id,, ibid., p. 19. suminata, L. Koch. Die Arach. Austral., p. 11, Tab. L, fig. 7—7Aa. brevispina, Thor. Studi cet., I]. Ragni Malesi e Papuani raccolti dal Prof. O. Beccari, pp. 17 to 294. observatrix, Camb., On some new and little known spec. of Aran., with remarks on the gen, Gasteracantha, in Proceed. of the Zool. Soc Lond., 1879, p- 291, Pl. XXVIL., fig. 21. brevispina, Thor., Studi cet., IIL, Ragni dell’Austro- Malesia, cet., p. 27. flavida, Van Hass., Midden Sumatra, cet., Aran., p. 15. mammosa, id., ibid. brevispina, Thor., Studi cet. IV., Vol. L, p. 63.
Description of Plate 8.—a, figure of spider magnified ; 4, natural size; c, eyes ; 4,
palpus of @.
This spider makes a similar web to that of Gasteracantha doriae Sim_but only twelve inches in diameter, and also sits in the centre of web, head downwards. It was found at Mr. Davidson's plantation in a coffee-tree. Common in the Malayan Archi-
pelago.
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7. 7.
MANTIUS RUSSATUS. Thor.
Syn. : 1891. Wantius russatus, Thor., Spindlar fran Nikobarerna och andra delar af Sdédra Asien. (K. Svenska Vatenskaps—Akademiens Handlingar, XXIV., No. 2), p. 140.
Description of Plate 9 9 —a, figure of spider magnified ; 4, natural size; c, labium and maxillae ; @, eyes ; e, epigyne.
Total length, 62 ; length of cephalothorax, 2%; breadth, 2, in front 17 ; length of abdomen, 3$ ; breadth, 24 millim, Length of legs, i—44, ii—g}, iii—sd, iv—sd millim. Length of patella + tibia, i—about 1}, patella+tibia, iii—132, patella + tibia, iv.—1}, metatarsus + tarsus, iv.—1} millim (Thorell).
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Man fiae 4oe0aTwa ddan
in =e
gat Jala
10
CHRYSILLA VERSICOLOR. C. L. Koch.
Syn.: 1846. Plexippus versicolor, C. L. Koch, Die Arach. xili., p. 103, tab. CCCCXLIX., fig. 1165 (= g ad.). 1848. Maevia picta id., ibid., xiv., p. 72, tab. CCCCLXXVIILI., fig. 1328 (= gjun.). 1891. Chrysilla verstcolor, Thor, Spindlar fran Nikobarerna och andra delar af Sédra Asien, (K Svenska Vatenskaps—Aka- demiens Handlingar XXIV., No. 2), p. 117.
Description of Plate 10 g —a, figure of spider magnified ; 4, natural size; c, spider in profile ; d, eyes and falces ; ¢, maxillae and labium ; /, right palpus in front ; g, do. in profile ; 4, epigyne of 9.
4 Total length, 44; cephalothorax, 23, breadth about 1}, in front at least 14 ; abdomen, 24, breadth about 1} millim. Legs, i—almost 5, ii—about 43, ili—almost s, iv.—s4 millim. in length ; patella + tibia, iii—almost 14, patella + tibia, ivr} ; metatarsus + tarsus, iv.—1} millim.
@ Total length, s}; cephalothorax, 2} (equal to patella + tibia and } metatarsus iv.), breadth a little more than 14, in front 1} ; abdomen 3, breadth 1} millim. Legs, i.—a little more than 4, ii—34, iii—4#, iv—s} millim.; patella + tibia, i—1}, patella + tibia, iii—r14, patella + tibia, iv—a little more than 14, metatarsus + tarsus, iv.— almost 12 millim. (Thorell). Abdomen and part of cephalothorax covered with scale like white hairs.
Koch's g and @ found at Bintang. Both sexes found by meat Penang. by Dr. Klein at Padang Sumatra, Found also in Singapore.
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| Y adem Ay te hole te .
by PRA pals ows | PLE shigeloll mcinset-
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et ac ~peeriny Sigs aqm mpctel kere egies aed (ice soy ey offerug wu § bo step 5 | bum Br
1 bets ate Ka . fae ties. Mibewad ifs. wieder, : dp lige Ql ¢ + tee 5 jected ee) sdelllien by theske (Ubered) ie samnbati a Abate of mer] EF Saale IN ett siete jf igteal al apis Gaul, & aL eailluse Rp sif elrel p- austacte Parr
e efeht +. Brynn © Jedbe,) fit Xeeralerdedepan : fe /Cajgenat aT 2 a: z ‘more 7 be dr it be tell speeee tral o@ uditbowad (4) agian, ae aes ae seat weet a onl
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11
MAEVIA ALTERNANS. C. L. Koch.
Syn. : ?1846. Plextppus vitatus, C.L. Koch, Die Arach., xiii., p. 125, tab. CCCCLIII., fig. 1185 (= 9 jun.). 1846. Hyllus alternans, id., ibid., p. 160, tab. CCCCLX., fig 1222. 1891. Maevia alternans, Thor., Spindlar fran Nikobarerna och andra delar af Sédra Asien. (K. Svenska Vatenskaps—Akademiens Handlingar, XXIV., No. 2), p. 122.
Description of Plate 11 g—a, figure of spider magnified; 4, natural size; c, maxillae and labium ; d@, spider in profile ; e, falce from in front ; f, right palpus in front ; g, do. side view ; 4, eyes and falces.
Total length, ¢ 44 ; cephalothorax, 23, breadth at least 14, breadth in front almost 14; abdomen, 2}, breadth 14 millim. Legs, i—6, ii—almost s, iiiims4, iv—6 millim. long ; patella + tibia, i—about 23, patella + tibia, iii—a little more than 14, patella + tibia, iv.—at least 18, metatarsus + tarsus, iv.—1§ millim. (Thorell).
White and gold metallic scales on cephalothorax and abdomen. Koch's ¢ found at Bintang, and the ¢ at Puloloz, East India. ¢ found by me at Penang.
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. te eh VIE ee af | wats _— > bette tals) osz tim: $3 staf? to invingl snd a
At exreiiny Titgpy..\ janie Hmm ees; atee al ovige Ao VE! fore errr . sedis Sees eres hg nictby shdesink yi tie
Sakon 1h tne a ae ieee. a, sa caboose Ms ins etter sarlilitan hl 2A Sb 7 Selendis ge te i Mbesel da ersolaly : ps ; abatiaty gp) wentt newman lA pf aes + alate 8 ibede—~i sirloin | peel acl Tp pallet fee a) Joonat + errmcmcnsaiy Ay reel i gaia
So 4, tea anne, barns neadtnitedlgies ii exc oietcory Eileny bases sikf if oe et Jat oad | at % sel ee a Hid Len, Misses! oe
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12
EPHIPPUS D'URVILLEI. Walck.
Syn.: 1837. Altus d'urviilet, Walck, H. N.d. Ins. Apt., I., p. 459. 1881. Aphtppus d’urviller, Thor, Studi sui Ragni Malesi e Papuani HI., Ragni dell’ Austro-Malesi, etc., p. 653.
Description of Plate 12 ¢ .—a, figure of spider magnified ; 6, natural size; c, spider in profile ; @, eyes and falces ; ¢, maxillae and labium ; f, left palpus from outside ; g, do. in front.
8 Total length, 112; cephalothorax, 6}, breadth almost 54, in front 35; abdomen, 6, breadth 4 millim. Legs, i—16, ii—12, iii—15, iv.—12}; patella + tibia, ili.— 43 ; patella + tibia, iv.—34 ; metatarsus + tarsus, iv.—4} millim. (Thorell.)
@ Total length 104; cephalothorax, 54, breadth almost 4, in front 34; abdomen, 54, breadth 4 millim. Legs, i—103, ii—9, iii—12}, iv.—114; patella + tibia, i1.—44, patella + tibia, iv.—3}; metatarsus + tarsus, iv—3} millim. (Thorell).
Coloured scales on cephalothorax and abdomen of 2.
Found in New Guinea, Arau Islands, and Northern Australia.
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13
MEGATIMUS SEVERUS. Thor.
Syn.: 1891. Megatimus severus, Thor., Spindlar fran Nikobarerna och andra delar af Sédra Asien. (K. Svenska Vatenskaps—Akademiens Handlingar, XXIV., No. 2), p. 129. Description of Plate 13 9 —a, figure of spider magnified ; 4, natural size; c¢, spider in profile ; d, eyes and falces ; e, maxillae and labium ; f, epigyne. Total length, 114 ; cephalothorax, almost 6, breadth 44, in front 3; abdomen, 64, breadth, 44 millim. Legs, i—r14, ii—g94, iii—o9}, iv—12$ millim. ; patella + tibia, i.—a little more than 5, patella + tibia, iii—3}, patella + tibia, iv—a little more than
4, metatarsus + tarsus, iv.—34 millim. (Thorell). Coloured metallic scales on front of falces. One specimen ¢ found by me in
Penang. ¢ unknown. Type of the Genus megatimus, Thor.
13
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. af = ! ‘a 4 2 - ] 7 | “ 1 ual = \ s ‘oe
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14
CARRHOTUS VIDUUS. C. L. Koch.
Syn.: 1846. FPlexippus viduus, C. L. Koch, Die Arachn. xili., p. 104, tab. CCCCXLIX., fig. 1166. ? 1846. + a:bo-lineatus, id., ibid., p. 105, tab. CCCCXLIX., fig. 1167. 1891. Carrhotus viduus, Thor., Spindlar fran Nikobarerna och andra delar af Sédra Asien. (K. Svenska Vatenskaps—Akademiens Handlingar, XXIV., No. 2), p. 142. Description of Plate 14 ¢.—a, figure of spider magnified ; 4, natural size; c, spider in profile ; ¢, eyes and falces ; ¢, maxillae and labium ; 7, left palpus in front. Total length, $4 ; cephalothorax, 24, breadth 2, about 1} in front ; abdomen, 3, breadth 1# millim. ; legs, i—s, ii—44, iii—s, iv—4$ millim. A band of white hairs down each side of abdomen, White hairs on sides of cephalothorax. Koch’s ¢ found in Bintang, and P. alhbolineatus, C. L. Koch, which Professor Thorell believes to be the 2 of Carrhotus viduus, was found in Java. ¢g found by me in Penang.
a4
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= = I a 7 7 ‘ ‘. *. me - = an “i a_i are | rs r i. _ Ms : “+, 7 i= a E 7 - . oi - : = 7 i 7 ay! ko ; es |i = 1 # - — = amd! 5 a ; Fi r = iF) 7 - — ae i = - = on 4 ; 7 d ; : —— a : 5 — hike “Sy ~ = “7 1 Lie = Tl Ld pea a . r = 7 a" 7 7 Pai * al a _ f = F g ri q ' L , ¥ sl ¥ _ i a s 7 hat 1 "ae an. : 7 a 7 ‘ Le ui!| J . i - = ; - : I )
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15
HASARIUS SANNIO. Thor.
Syn. : 1877. Plexippus (?) sannto, Thor., Studi sui Ragni Malesi e Papuani 1., Ragni di Selebes, p. 617 (277). 7891-92. Hasarius sannio, id., ibid. IV., Ragni dell’ Indo-Malesia, Vol. 2, p. 429.
Description of Plate 15 ¢—a, figure of spider magnified ; 6, natural size; c, spider ‘n profile ; ¢, eyes and falces ; e, maxillae and labium ; /, right palpus from inside ; g, do. in front.
Total length, 5; cephalothorax, 23, breadth 1}, in front 13 millim.; abdomen, 23, breadth 14 millim. Legs, i—s4, ii—44, iii—(s), iv—4}; patella + tibia, iv.— almost 14, metatarsus + tarsus, iv.—14 millim. (Thorell).
Cephalothorax and abdomen densly covered with long hairs, also the legs, on which are also spines. g found in Celebes and Kandari, and by me in Penang. ¢ unknown.
Van Hasselt describes (Midden Sumatra, cet., Aran., p. 48, Pl. V., fig. 15) a spider which he calls Plexifpus sannto Q jun., but which E. Simon (Arach. recueillis par M. Weyers & Sumatra, cet., p. 4) considers to be a different species, and calls it Ergane
coronata.
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— vi cidit + slisteq 7 $—7t ,)— ii dp—ii be —i egod | wmillim 41 dibserd
(HetodT) .atillica $i1—vi usu) + everisiom ,)1 teomls
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16
HASARIUS VIRENS. Thor.
Syn.: 1890. Hasartus virens, Thor., Arachnidi di Nias e di Sumatra, p. 89. 1891. a » id., Spindlar fr. Nikobarerna ach andra delar af Sédra Asien. (K. Svenska Vatenskaps—Akademiens Hand lingar, XXIV., No. 2), p. 147.
Description of Plate 16 9 .—a, figure of spider magnified; 4, natural size; c, spider in profile ; ¢, eyes and falces ; ¢, maxillae and labium ; /, epigyne.
Total length, 5 ; cephalothorax, almost 24, breadth about 1?,in front a little more than 14; abdomen, 2}, breadth almost 2 millim. Legs, i— 44, ii—4, iii—44, iv—s5 millim. ; patella + tibia, i—14, patella + tibia, iii—almost 14, patella + tibia, iv.—14; metatarsus + tarsus, iv—almost 14 millim. (Thorell.)
¢ found in Sumatra, and by me in Penang. ¢ unknown.
Has considerable resemblance to .Mantius russatus, Thor., but differs from it by the front middle eyes being larger and projecting more ; also by the lighter coloured abdomen, which has a band of dark hair around the front. Similar dark hairs on the femoral joints of legs.
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17
ARGYRODES SUMATRANUS. Thor.
Syn. : 1889-90. Argyrodes sumatranus, Thor. Studi sui Ragni Malesi, etc., Part IV., Vol. 1., p. 247.
Description of Plate 17 9 .—a, figure of spider magnified; 4, natural size; ¢, spider in profile ; ¢d, epigyne ; e, eyes and falces ; f, cephalothorax in profile and palpus of ¢ ; &, left palpus in front.
é Total length, 34; cephalothorax, about 12, breadth, about 1; breadth of clypeus, about 4; abdomen, 2}, breadth, a little more than 1, height, 12 millim. Legs, i.—(13$), .—74, iii.—44, iv.—74 ; patella+tibia, iv.—z millim. (Thorell.)
g Total length, 42; cephalothorax, about 14, breadth, about 1; breadth of clypeus, almost 4; abdomen, 24, breadth, 24, height, almost 34 millim. Legs, i—12, il.—7, il.— 49, iv.—64 ; patella+-tibia, iv.—z2 millim. (Thorell.)
This spider has a very close resemblance to Zheridion mintaceum, Dol., and Theridion sundtacum, Dol. Found in Sumatra and Singapore.
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as | ints a Sa M jig icw Tie sect i" am ne wea aryek. 39 gba + eke ial Je [diet jerean 2 heenpaca ruil es a8 Te aj sa nallphe pect Pos qi? Fi cl a ay sa RST WE Bi oy ee olfit tens mets j ee a alitnry a,” 7 . Le atau loar puny hang bist we Lput a tradi ainod jalashges’ 5 i atrget bind 4 itt cd ptttiie atieon! * icy pine yc rie,
~=Jeb gists} étiaana (hte sa Jaale ip. PS eeed theitera
faire) ) Senheh, titheoneert ai dais tk cae tins piste i Ty slzyamet Te ras ® pet en me ini {7 eo ‘satis Lah AticobF | et onan $8 deqniele anorgs | ; Chetty darian ane = gala! def: ily" oe al | vais Bai ‘iby aces jivad WaieM mates tT a3 asinine oe, fs gre c vic tila al T , ' See ate nies a Laent4 ot prvetoaps,0iben oa
a
17
ARGYRODES SUMATRANUS. Thor.
Syn. : 1889-90. Argyrodes sumatranus, Thor. Studi sui Ragni Malesi, etc., Part IV., Vol. I., p. 247.
Description of Plate 17 ¢.—a, figure of spider magnified; 4, natural size; c, spider in profile ; @, epigyne ; ¢, eyes and falces ; f, cephalothorax in profile and palpus of &; g, left palpus in front.
g¢ Total length, 34; cephalothorax, about 13, breadth, about 1; breadth of clypeus, about 4; abdomen, 2}, breadth, a little more than 1, height, 13 millim. Legs, i.—(134), ii.—74, iii.—44, iv.—7$ ; patella+-tibia, iv.—z2 millim. (Thorell.)
¢ Total length, 4%; cephalothorax, about 14%, breadth, about 1; breadth of clypeus, almost 4; abdomen, 2}, breadth, 24, height, almost 34 millim. Legs, i.—12, iil.—7, ilii— 43, iv.—64 ; patella+-tibia, iv—z2 millim. (Thorell.)
This spider has a very close resemblance to Zhertdion mintaceum, Dol., and Theridion sundiacum, Dol. Found in Sumatra and Singapore.
18
ULOBORUS QUADRI-TUBERCULATUS. Thor.
Syn. : 1892. U/oborus quadri-tuberculatus, Thor. In MSS.
Description of Plate 18 9 .—a, figure of spider magnified; 4, natural size; c, spider in profile ; @, maxillae and labium; e, epigyne; 7, do. in profile; 4, cocoon magnified ; 7, do. natural size. 18@. Web of spider in Pine Apple plant reduced.
This spider is not uncommon in Singapore. It makes a curious snare in the centre of the Pine Apple plant (Brome/ia ananas), which it forms peculiarly to suit the shape of the plant, and I have not found its snare elsewhere. The Pine Apple is a South American plant, and has only of late years been introduced into this part of the world. Was the spider introduced with it, or is it a native which has adapted its snare to the introduced plant? The snare is horizontal, loosely made of rays on the top, in the centre of which on the lower side the spider sits. 24 top rays not adhesive. About 24 lower or side rays on which there is a 14 thread spiral. The snare is held open at the bottom so that the spider may drop through. When disturbed the sp*‘der hangs on by a } inch thread from centre of web and swings itself violently to and fro. The little spiked cocoon is attached to the top rays, close to where the spider sits in
the centre.
| E rh = 0eT SUTAIVIAANYT-i90s0D 20neAOI0 m : | s el nt eat T ilpaaaseyetiahe lian, see mott : feet } | aap j- ale Jproser A vbendicrrpeen subige ks seg® e—, g-81 sisi te cetyl ! ve 7 foisepsee dene A Chom Papal wort ‘geraeietual Hames cuigtTeeieees ~ api eress gl, 4. calise systems grnkcley apliger A att a aabigs Wo hsW ony patie fey tees Aba. i ode gh weete noni x atenr al seoqcyetiet ei moumeesity port a} tebige dT - Kew <x hauls lecrsol A ehsteter is merpemecabomany lh) geste tee sued) guts to seuey a. seis ex ioligesbe ed cake act's: Mautner ola teen, ar. = * Forum adsl eatery aot tg esi Pow reviley ecient fy Arend! 4. " a al be-T Pot hb wmel shsitiye vitae x %2 | mes. ite abtiys feel opbin ady a Bees ety : | el ess © sheet -ghewol ixtnehod eee aT [rete be ashorta! ply ah saeae fo Se iti oppress seit rabies old atin ew T meld ao phoictwr be saaien ald wl eo a os Diet gf utes aT ieviqe-bez oN hhg tiger dba rt ppt co). ef oy neh ee ml aihyiend) qth yaar wbidy. ets sud ya gastiod ws oo vane f oe Bs sat bene of idtepaiwe thom doe niche cone ate ar aE r Li candle 09 ii saaaietath Bortonise @ tasebe bealiqy vital dT re A : Mod i. A un ae ; Peete ly,
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19
ARGYROEPEIRA STRIATA. Thor.
Syn. : 1877. Aleta striata, Thor. Studi sui Ragni Malesi, etc., Vol. 1., p. 427 (87). rays: -, ‘: id., ibid., Vol. 2, pp. 97 and 297. TERT. -y; ms id., ibid., Vol. 3, p. 130. 1882. ,, mi Van Hass., Midden Sumatra, etc., Araneae, p. 25. sot. -,, r Thor. Spindlar fran Nikobarerna, etc., p. 47.
Description of Plate 19 ¢.—a, figure of spider magnified ; 6, spider in profile ; ¢, natural size; @, epigyne ; ¢, maxillae and labium ; /, eyes and falces ; g, right palpus of g from outside; 4, do. from inside. Plate 19¢.—a, snare with trap line ; 4, snare without trap line.
Total length, 54; cephalothorax, 24, breadth nearly 1}, in front nearly 1 ; abdomen, 34, breadth, 2}, height, 3 millim, Legs, i.—zo, ii.—12, lii.—3%, iv.—to millim, ; patella + tibia, iv.—3 millim. ; Falce nearly 13 millim. long (Thorell).
The following are my notes on the snares of this species :—
No Inches diameter. Angle. Rays, Inner spiral, cae aitee gee, outer spi: I 9 45° 18 6 2 20 2 10 45° 24 6 i¢ 20 3 — Horizontal. 28 4 I 28 4 16 do. a3 0 i4 28 5 12 45° 20 5 I 19 6 = Horizontal. 24 3 14 27 7 = 45° 18 3 I a ) 8 12 45° 21 4 1} 36
In Nos. 1, 2, and 8, Spider was sitting in centre of web, head downwards ; in No. 6 on the under side; and in Nos. 4, 5, and 7 it had a nest under a leaf; and in 5 and 7 there was an open segment in the snare and a trap line tothe nest. However, in No. 7, I believe the open segment must have been caused by an accident, as there were 28 rays on the upper side and only 26 on the lower, and some of the spiral threads were carried partially across open segment up to a leaf ; also, Spider was in centre of web when I first saw it.
The rays mostly meet in a central ring, }—} inch in diameter, but in two snares, Nos. s and 8, they met in a reticulation. The snares were made near the ground in low bushes. The Spider in No. 8 snare when disturbed stretched out its legs after the manner of T¢tragnatha extensa Linn. I also noticed that this species of Spider has the power of darkening down its brilliant colouring when frightened. The colour returning when it is dead.
When living it is of a brilliant golden-green colour, and is found in all parts of the
Malaysian Archipelago.
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20
EPEIRA UNICOLOR. Dol.
Syn. ; 1857. Aperra unicolor, Dol., Bijdrage tot de Kennis der Arachniden, etc., p. 419.
1859. yy ‘5 id., Tweede Bijdrage, etc., tab. XI., fig. 1.
1678. =, # Thor., Studi sui Ragni Malesi, etc., Part II., pp. 53 and 296.
1881. —,, ‘ id., ibid., Studi, etc., Part III., p. 96.
Description of Plate 20 9 .—a, figure of spider magnified; 4, natural size; ¢, spider in profile ; d, eyes. Plate 20a.—Snare.
Total length, 234; cephalothorax, 103, breadth 84, in front 3} ; abdomen, 154, breadth 144 millim. Legs, i—314, ii—294, iii—19, iv.—28 ; patella + tibia, iv—8j millim. Falce, 3? millim long. (Thorell.)
This spider makes a large horizontal circular snare on low shrubs, over which it suspends leaves, under one of which it conceals itself. Doleschall also describes how at Amboina he found it between rolled up leaves. Found by me in Singapore.
3d unknown.
Zo
YO
21
EPEIRA CALYPTRATA. Thor.
Syn.: 1892. Epetra calyptrata, Thor. in MSS.
Description of Plate 21 ¢ .—a, figure of spider magnified; 4, natural size; c, spider in profile ; @, maxillae and labium ; ¢, eyes and falces ; f, epigyne. 21@¢.—Snare.
Of this species I captured in Singapore three in their snares. No. 1 snare was cir- cular, 4 inches in diameter, with ray line to nest under twisted bamboo leaf. No free segment. 18 rays meeting in irregular ring. Inner spiral 3. Free zone inner to outer spiral # inch." Outer spiral io at trap ray, 18 opposite. Trap ray, one of the ordinary rays, was in the upper part, and to one side. No. 2—Perpendicular snare 8 inches across, consisting of 4c rays meeting in } inch ring. Inner spiral 4. Free zone 1 inch. Outer spiral 16 at trap ray, 30 opposite. Trap ray attached to nest in upper quarter, and to one side. No. 3—Perpendicular snare 4 x 8 inches with trap ray to nest under twisted bamboo leaf Rays 30 meeting in } inchring. Inner spiral 4. Free zone 1} inch. Outer spiral at top 16, at bottom, 37 rays. In the nest of No. 3 there were two cocoons made of loosely-twisted brownish silk, and each containing about 20 newly hatched spiders.
g unknown.
* Measurement of free zone in all cases is space between inner and outer spiral.
=
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22
CALLINETHIS ELEGANS. Thor.
Syn.: 1877. Meta elegans, Thor., Studi sui Ragni Malesi, etc., Part L, p. 416 (76). 1889-co. Callinethis elegans, id., ibid., Studi, etc., Part IV., Vol. L., p. 193.
Description of Plate 22 9 .—a, figure of spider magnified; 4, natural size; c, eyes; d, spider in profile ; ¢,epigyne. 22@—Snare.
Total length, 9 ; cephalothorax 34, breadth 24, in front 14 ; abdomen 64, breadth 34 millim. Legs, ii—174, ii—t1s, iii—8}, iv.—134; patella + tibia, iv— 4 millim ; falce, 2 millim. long (Thorell.)
I only obtained one snare of this species in Singapore, about 5 feet from the ground. It was a beautiful, almost perfect, perpendicular circle 16 inches in diameter, and the spider was sitting in the centre head downwards. Rays 30 (not adhesive) meeting in } inch ring. Inner spiral 4. Free zone 14inch. Outer spiral 45, adhesive.
This species has also been found in the Celebes. ¢ unknown.
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a3 («he p 24 )
GEA DECORATA. Thor.
Syn. : 1889-90. Gea decorata, Thor., Studi sui Ragni Malesi, etc., Part IV., Vol. 1, p. 104.
Description of Plate 23 9 .—a, figure of spider magnified; 4, natural size; c¢, spider in profile ; @, maxillae and labium ; ¢, eyes and falces ; 4, epigyne ; g, epigyne greatly magnified. 23¢.—snare.
Plate 24 ¢ .—a, figure of spider magnified ; 4, natural size; c, spider in profile ; d, eyes and falces ; ¢, maxillae and labium ; f, left palpus from inside ; g, right palpus and eyes from above.
Total length, 6; cephalothorax, almost 3, breadth, 2}, in front a little more than 1 ; abdomen, 33, breadth, 23 millim. Legs, i—1o0#, ii.—t1od, tii.—6}, iv.—almost 104 millim. ; patella+tibia, iv—almost 3} millim. (Thorell.)
T obtained three snares of this species in Singapore; two of them among grass and ferns, and all perpendicular. Spider sitting in centre, head downwards.
No. 1, 8 inches in diameter ; rays, 48, meeting in a reticulation ; inner spiral, 1s, not adhesive, and getting wider as it goes outward until it joins the outer spiral, so there is no free zone ; outer spiral, adhesive, 28 at top and 40 at bottom ; small pro- tecting reticulation behind the web at the Spider's back.
No. 2, § inches in diameter ; 56 rays meeting in a ring; inner spiral running through free zone in a gradually enlarging spiral ; outer spiral, top 24, bottom 50.
In this web there was a g Spider, but no @ ; and it is from this Spider that the ¢ drawing is made. Though the Spider was not in the web but on one of the rays I do not think I am wrong in describing it as the g of this species, both from the style of the web and the position in which I found it.
No. 3, 7 inches in diameter; rays, 56; inner spiral, 16, spreading as it goes outward ; free zone, 1 inch diameter ; across free zone, 34 inches ; outer spiral, 39.
This species is also found in Sumatra.
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25
CAEROSTRIS PARADOXA. Dol. 1859. L£feira paradoxa, Dol., Tweede Bijdr., etc., p. 37, pl. IX., fig. t11—11¢; pl. X.,
figs, 8—Sc. ? 1880. Caerastris mitralis, Thor., Freg. Eugenies resa., Arachn., 1, 1, 4. 1880, 5 paradoxa, Butl., Proceed. of the Zool. Soc. of London, 1879, p. 732, Pl. LVIILI., figs. 5—5sb. 1890. gs Thor., Studi. ete., IV., Vol. 1, p. 77. 1895. is Hf id. The Spiders of Burma, p. 207.
Description of Plate 25 9 .—a, spider, natural size ; 4, profile of spider; ¢, cephalo thorax, underside ; d, eyes and falces ;_/, epigyne (probably immature).
This curious spider is said by Vinson to live in vertical webs, and he also gives drawings of how it sits on branches which, by its appearance to a growth on the branch, probably serves as a protection. @ unknown.
Mr. R. J. Pocock, of the British Museum (at my request) kindly examined the speci- men of Caerosfris, allied to Paradoxa, in that collection, and he writes of them as follows :—
"C. paradoxa (Dol.), judging from adult 2 examples from Java and Ceylon in the Museum is perfectly distinct from all the Madagascar species we possess.
“(1) The pale band on the tibz covers half the lower surface of the segment, and is yellow. In the others this band covers only one third of the tibia and is quite white.
“*(2) The protarsi (metatarsi) are much wider, and the one on the 4th leg is deeply excavated above. In the Madagascar forms the 4th protarsae has no dorsal excavation, and those on the anterior two pairs of legs are slender and have a different curvature.
““(3) The tibia and tarsus of the palp are less expanded, the length of the tibia being nearly twice its width ; whereas in the Madagascar species the width is about four-fifths of the length.
““(4) The epigyne is quite different—apart from minor but sufficiently obvious distinctions connected with the shape of the impressions, it may be recognized by the absence of two basally contiguous, apically diverging teeth which project backwards over the impressions in all the Madagascar species known to me.
“In speaking of the Madagascar species I do not include C. ¢udercudosa, (Vins.)”
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26
CAEROSTRIS CUSPIDATA. sp n.
Description of Plate 26 ? .—a, figure of spider magnified ; 4, natural size ; ¢, profile of spider ; d@, cephalothorax, underside ; ¢, eyes ; 4, epigyne [hardly mature].
Total length, 4 ; cephalothorax, 134 ; breadth, 114; do, in front about 1; abdomen, 244; breadth, 3% millim. Leg, iis, ii.—434, iii— 3%, iv.—about 4 millim. Patella+ tibia iv.—1 millim.
This little spider, of which I have only one specimen, found by me at Buitenzorg. Java, in 1884, can easily be distinguished by the three curious spines on the top of the cephalothorax. The middle spine is the longest, and the hindmost is double pointed.
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27
ARGIOPE AEMULA WALCK.
1841. L petra aemula, Walck., H. N.d. Ins. apt., 11, p. 118.
1857. “ (argyopes) striata, Dol., Bijdr., cet, loc. cit., p. 415.
1859. ; 4 » id, Tweede Bijdr., cet., loc. sit., p. 30, tab. IX., figs. 2, 2a.
1871. <Argiope magnifica, 1.. Koch, Die Arachn. Austral., p. 27, plate 11, figs. 6—6b.
1877. » aemula, ‘Thor. Studi, cet., I, Ragni di Selebes, loc. cit., p. 364 (24).
1878. rf a4 id. ibid., II, pages 29 and 295. 1881. = " id. ibid., III, page 63. 1890. “ 5 id. ibid, IV., vol. 1, p. 94.
Description of Plate 27 9.—a, spider (mag) ; 4, natural size; ¢, profile of spider ; @, cephalothorax, underside ; ¢, eyes, 4, epigyne ; g, profile of epigyne ; 4, snare (reduced).
Total length of body, 16 ; cephalothorax, 6'/, ; breadth, 514 ; breadth in front, 32/, ; abdomen, 1034; breadth, 6% millim. Legs, i—3014, ii.— 30, itii—19, iv.—3o millim. Patella+ tibia, iv.—8%%4 millim, (Thorell).
A. aemu/a, makes a snare of from 1s to 7 inches indiameter, suspended perpendicularly or at an angle of 45°.
Rays vs. a nee 25—48
Inner spiral... ne 6—g turns Free zone aes ee 1 inch Outer spiral... eae 25—s6 turns
Spider sits in centre, head downwards, with its legs stretched out like the letter X. Under the legs white flocculated silk was spun on the web, probably for concealment.
When living this is a very beautiful spider, the colours being most brilliant. It has certainly the power (possessed by several other tropical spiders) of turning quite dark when disturbed. I imagine it is able to do so by raising and depressing the hairy covering of the body.
In many of the species of Argiofe the white cephalothorax and bands on the abdomen do not show white as long as the specimen is kept in spirits, but appear yellow.
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ARGIOPE VERSICOLOR. Dol.
1859. feira versicolor, Dol., Tweede Bijdr., cet., loc. sit., p. 31, tab. IX, fig. ro (—= 9 ) 1871. Aregtope succincta, L. Koch., Die Arachn. Austral., I. p. 35 (= 9).
1881. rs i? Thor., Studi., cet., III., p. 74, note (= @ ).
1890. ; id., ibid., IV., Vol. 1., p. 96.
Description of Plate 28 9 .—a, spider magnified ; 4, natural size ; ¢, profile ; d, cepha- lothorax underside ; ¢, eyes; 4, epigyne; g, do. from behind; 4, profile.
Total length, 10% ; cephalothorax, 4; breadth, 4; do. in front, 2; abdomen, 7 ; breadth, 6 millim. Legs, ii—21, iii—934, iii—13, iv. ? millim.
I have not observed this spider living, but Doleschall says “ It is elegantly coloured and spotted.” ‘A series of bands across the abdomen of different colours—first carmine, then silver, then lemon, then black.” ‘When the 9 is distended with eggs, these bands are not so evident.” “ Legs reddish brown colour, but young specimens have dark rings.”
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29
ARGIOPE REINWARDTII. Dol.
? 1857. L£peira (Argvopes) trifasicata, Dol., Bidjr., etc. p. 416. 1859. » reinwardtit, id., Tweede Bijdr., etc., p. 31, Pl. XV. fig. 5. 1873. Argiope doleschallit, Thor. Rem. on Syn., p. 520.
1878. x ‘s id, Studi etc. II. pp. 38, 295. 1881. 3 a id. ibid. IIT. p. 67. 1890. i, reinwaratit id. ibid. 1V., vol. 1, p. 33.
Description of Plate 29 ? .—a, spider, mag. ; 4, natural size ; ¢, profile ; ¢, cephalo- thorax underside ; ¢, eyes; 4, epigyne ; g, do. profile.
Total length of body, 21; cephalothorax, 8; breadth, 7; breadth in front, 3; abdomen, 13; breadth, 1034 millim. Legs, i.i—46%4, 11.—46%, ill.—284, iv., 45%, millim. long. Metatarsus of 1st pair of legs almost 15, patella+-tibia do. 14, patella+ tibia IV. pair 12% millim. long. (Thorell).
A. retnwardtit, Dol. makes a perpendicular snare 8 inches in diameter, with a free segment on the upper side. From the centre of the web a line covered with fragments of food projects upwards and backwards like the trap line of other spiders.
Rays Ks 1s (30 Outer spiral .«» 30 turns on upper side. Do. ..» 40 turns on lower side.
hr ct rary pnnay i Poy ee 5 fs Se ioe 7 ta A Nag Sa caer om Arm 2 HE a il? ; iene =. is a ie sel ao | rs <9 BT mr iy “8 ate casita bg SB see Shy" TE aia elgen_ M., a ee a / ats (rans ee a1 i je) fs a i | a a eka, = pais Es + mu, ai je pe oe Png is y je A ae oe ae, Dee a - ict 5, Saal) or ia sbipal in re ms of Hay tic ing Pee. oa # e eae Ht ae ick il ns a a5 iG po pesca = 7 ade Eas ae Sut! witha gad Bab
ric!
& A os ‘she “Ty 1 Ainclnssi 4 1) Sh
Arysope- Jermararctus ™ Zed. fi
Sava
30
GEA FESTIVA. Thor.
1895. Gea festiva, Thor. The Spiders of Burma, p. 166.
Description of Plate 3092.—a, spider magnified; 4, natural size; ¢, profile ; d, cephalothorax underside ; ¢, eyes ;_/, epigyne ; g, do. profile ; 4, snare reduced.
Total length of body, 6 ; cephalothorax, 244: breadth, 24 ; in front, 1 ; abdomen, 4; breadth almost 34 millim, Legs, i—g'4, ii—g¥ ; iiii—5% ; iv.—g millim. long. Patella+tibia, iv.—3 millim. long. (Thorell).
The snare made by G. /estiva, Thor. is perpendicular, and from 5 to 6 inches in diameter.
Rays ine w+ 48—56
Inner spiral «+ 7—I1 turns. Free zone De 1 inch, Outer spiral --. 32—38 inches.
In one web the inner spiral spread over the free zone. Another had an orbicular web guarding side of the web on which the spider sat. Spider sits in centre, head downwards, and is easily alarmed, dropping at once to the ground. Spider when living has a bright red ephalothorax. Three specimens found by me at Singapore.
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EUETRIA SALEBROSA. Thor. 1878. L£peira salebrosa, Thor., Studi, etc., II pp. 48 and 296.
1881. e rs id., ibid., III. p. 84. 1890. Luefria ,, id., ibid., 1V., vol. L, p. 115. 1895. ss i id. The Spiders of Burma, p. 170.
Description of Plate 31 9? —a, spider magnified; 4, natural size ; ¢, profile ; 4, cepha- lothorax underside ; ¢, eyes ; 7, epigyne ; g, snare reduced ; 4, coroon.
Total length, 6%4 ; cephalothorax, a little more than 2% ; breadth, a little more than 2; In front less than 1; abdomen more than 4; breadth a little more than 2% millim. Legs, ii—12, i.—1o%, iiii—6%, iv.—r11 millim. long. Patella+tibia, iv.—3%4 millim. long. (Thorell).
The exceedingly beautiful bell-shaped nest of Z. sa/eérosa, Thor. is usually made in grass, and about 3 inches in diameter, with a small round hole at the top. Below the nest there is a protecting screen and above it the cocoons are suspended. Silk of nest is not adhesive. Spider sits underneath at the top, back downwards. When disturbed the white markings on the back of this spider turn quite dark. It is rather a common spider about Singapore.
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1775:
1776. 1820. 1841. 1841, 184—
1858. 1863.
P 1872. 1873. 1874. 1895.
32
EPEIRA CITRICOLA. Forsk.
Aranea citricola, Forsk., Descript. Animalium—quae in itinere orient. observ., cet., p. 86.
7 » id. Icones rer—natural, pl. XXIV. fig. D. Epetra opuntiae, Duf. Ann. gén. sci. phsy. V. p. 355, pl. LXIX., fig. 3.
‘ » Walck. Inst. II. p. rg0 Atl. pl. XVIII. fig 2, D et. 2d.
» ¢ttricola, 1d. Ins. Apt. II. p. 143. cacti-opuntiae, Lucas, in Webb and Berthelot. Hist. Nat. des iles Canaries
Anim. Art, Arach., ete., p. 40, pl. VI., fig. 7—7a. emarginata, id. in Thomson, Arach. Ent. IL., p. 42, pl. 12; fig. 5. flava, Vinson, Aran. des fsles Réun. Maurice et Madag., pp. 222 and 313, pl. VIII, fig. 3.
Cyrtophora sculptilis, . Koch, Die Arachn., Austral, p. 128, pl. TX., fig. g— 9a
|
_ Cyclosa citricola, Gerst. Von der Decken’s Reisen in Ost-Afrika, III. 2, p. 494.
Cyrtophora opuntie, Sim. Les Arachn. de France, I., p. 34, pl. L., fig. 3. Epetra citricola, Thor., The Spiders of Burma, p. 172.
Description of Plate 32 9 .—a, spider magnified; 4, natural size ; ¢, profile; @, cepha-
lothorax ;
é, eyes ; f, eight palpus, or eyes ; g, epigyne ; 4, snare reduced.
This spider varies much in size, according to Thorell, from 534 to 12 millim.
The snare, 5 inches in diameter, woven by £. ¢#frico/a, has a considerable resemblance to that of Z. deccartt (Thor.), except that centre of webis but slightly raised, and has much the appearance of a reticulated snare, having innumerable rays spreading out most irregu- larly. Spiral also irregular. Above the snare is a reticulation, and a flat one below to protect it from beneath.
Snare made horizontally in long grass. Spider sits in centre on lower side, back downwards.
2 tne,
= Arise acta ken =a Fit. re ui a3.) os " “tel aaa. eat " ih eae. - Rinisejens “A ee,
Bes wen conte > eet i fee . Ad i
ofa Farad.
Crdree
Var g ttifiere
E preva
33
EPEIRA BIFIDA. Dol.
1859. petra bifida, Dol., Tweede Bijdr. etc., p. 38, PI.IL., figs. 8—8c (= forma princip.) 1877. » wmacrura, Thor. Studi, etc., I, p. 64.
1878. » ida, id,, ibid., L, pp. 73 and 297.
1881. a Pr id., ibid., III, p. 124.
1890. . Pe id., ibid., IV. vol. L., p. 176.
1895. . ‘ id. Spiders of Burma, p. 193.
Description of Plate 33 9 .—a, spider magnified ; 4, natural size; ¢, profile; a, cepha- lothorax underside; e¢, eyes; f, epigyne; g, do. profile; 4, left palpus ¢ from below ; i, do. & from abeve.
?. Total length, 11; cephalothorax, 2,/,; breadth nearly 1,/,; breadth in front about 5/,; abdomen, 8%; greatest breadth, 3; least breadth, 144 millim.; spinnerett, 234 from petiolum and from posterior end 5% millim. Legs, i—7 1, ii.—61%, iii— 4%, iv.—7 millim. long; patella+tibia, iv.—22/, millim.
é. Body, 334 ; cephalothorax about 134 ; breadth more than 1; breadth in front nearly 4; abdomen less than 2; breadth, 1*/, millim. Spinnerets, 114 from petiolum, and from posterior end about 1 millim. Legs, ii—s5, ii—44, iiii22/,, iv.—42/, millim, long ; patella+tibia less than 14 millim (Thorell).
Doleschall says that “‘ This spider is common in Amboina, constructing a large regular snare in dark places in the vicinity of buildings, in the middle of which it holds itself, and to which it firmly fastens its flat angular cocoon.”
The snares that I have found in Singapore are perpendicular, and from 5 to 7 inches in diameter.
Rays ~~ ... 40—6o,
Inner spiral + J—T1 turns. Free zone ar Y inch Outer spiral +» 4g0—50 turns,
Spider seems never to place itself perpendicularly in the centre of snare, but always more or less sideways, and sometimes has a leaf in the web to which it attaches itself, appearing like a bit of debris. As the webs I found were very small and contained no cocoons, though most of the spiders were mature, I am inclined to think there mnst be two species.
bot 5
a
‘ieee ee see | I
¢ é
34
EPEIRA CONFRAGA. Thor.
1892. Letra confraga, Thor., Novae Species Aranearum, p. 31.
Description of Plate 34 9? —a, spider, mag. ; 4, natural size; ¢, profile; @, cephalo- thorax underside ; ¢, eyes ; 4, epigyne; g, do. profile ; 2/,4, snare reduced.
Total length, 334; cephalothorax about 1% ; breadth, 1 ; in front at least 4%, abdomen, 2% ; breadth almost 134 millim. Legs, i.—3, iii—2¥, iii—about 2, iv.—almost 3 millim. (Thorell).
This spider’s snare is 3 inches in diameter, and perpendicular. Across the web, perpendicularly, is a band of matted grey silk, which is divided at the centre of the web. In this open part the spider sits, head downwards. When at rest it is impossible to distinguish the spider from the silk band, which is constructed, no doubt, for the purpose of concealment.
Rays about... i. 60.
No inner spiral a o? Free zone Sins oe 1% inch. Quter spiral about... 18 turns.
Type specimen in my collection, only one found.
- ie Rae eed PT | |
a :
eter!
a
=
ive 21 I fi _— ; =
ai 4
= i)
the
» =
eases
seo dat ais a Pl
a wae pire +
ra
oe ts
hy Sngahe ve
Compra & ¥ ae
i — [ @ e a: 7
35
EPEIRA CENTRODES. Thor.
? 1882. petra porcula, var, Van Hass. Midden Sumatra, etc., p. 22, pl. 1V., fig. 6. 1887, », ¢enfrodes, Thor. Ragni Birmani, p. 209. 1890. ‘3 . id. Studi. ete., IV., vol. L, p. 160. 1595. % - id. The Spiders of Burma, p. 186.
Description of Plate 35 9 —a, spider mag. ; 4, natural size; ¢, profile; @, cephalo- thorax, underside ; ¢, eyes ; f, epigyne profile ; g, do. in front.
Total length, 7; cephalothorax, 15/;; breadth, less than 134; breadth in front, almost 1 ; abdomen, 6; breadth, 3% millim. Leg—i. almost 534, ii,—5 1%, iii. less than 24; iv.—5 millim, Patella+tibia iv134 millim. (‘Thorell).
The snare made by this spider, of which I only obtained one specimen, was perpen- dicular, 12 inches in diameter.
Rays nee ee 28 Outer spiral 7F 57 turns.
Rays do not meet in centre, but have a little open work on which the spider sits head
downwards.
30
EPEIRA INSULANA. Costa.
1834. peira insu/ana, Costa. Cenni. Zool, etc., p. 65.
1841. » ansertpes, Walck. H.N. d. Ins. Apt. ii. p. 146.
1842. » trituberculata, Luc. Explor. de Algérie, Arachn., p. 248, pl. xv., fig. 4. 1877. Cvrtophera melanura,Sim. Etudes Arachn. [X., p. 72, pl. ii, fig. 9.
187g. petra anseripes, Thor., Studi., etc., I., p. 65.
1878. m +s Thor., Studi., etc., I1., p. 405.
1881. 5 : id., Studi., III., p. 124.
1889-90. _,, » id., Studi., IV., p. 175.
1892. » tasudana. id. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., p. 232.
1895. ’ ” id. The Spiders of Burma, p. 192.
1895. = S Pavesi. Annali del Museo, Civico, etc., vol. XXXV., p. 499- Genova.
Description of Plate 36 9 —a, spider mag.; 4, natural size; ¢, profile; @, cephalo, thorax underside ; e, eyes; f, epigyne; g, do. profile; 4, ¢ left palpus from above ; z, do. from below.
? Total length, 834 ; cephalothorax, 3; breadth, 2'/;; do. in front, 1 ; abdomen, 61/.; breadth, 334 millim. Leg, i.—9 ™, ii.—9, iii.—6, iv.—9 millim. Patella+tibia iv.— 3 millim.
& Total length, 5%; cephalothorax, 214; breadth, 15/5; do. in front about 34 ; abdomen; 3; breadth, 2 millim. Leg, ii—7%4, ii.—7, til.—5, 1v.—almost 7 millim. Patella + tibia, iv.—z21¢ millim. (Thorell.)
The snare made by this spider is very variable. In many instances it is a simple circular perpendicular snare of from 5—10 inches in diameter.
Rays ome as 40—60
Inner spiral a. 7—12 turns. Free zone eke 1%4—1% inch, Outer spiral ‘ee 40—6o turns.
The spider sits in the centre on a mass of debris head downwards, though some- times it places itself horizontally. However, it often makes the snare with a free arc, through which there is a band of grey silk with debris, or with a line of debris across perpendicularly or horizontally, in other cases with a leaf on which it sits.
Ma Li
ee omar beck:
=
fea fueufanc
Sengapere
Costa
36
EPEIRA MULMEINENSIS. Thor.
1887. LZ peira mulmeinensts, Thor., Ragni Birmani, p. 221. 1895. 9 9 id. The Spiders of Burma, p. 192.
Description of Plate 37 9 —a, spider, mag. ; 4, natural size; ¢, profile; ¢, cephalo- thorax underside ; ¢, eyes ; f, epigyne ; g, do. profile; 4, ¢ left palpus, outside ; 4, snare (not enough turns on lower side) reduced ; 4, do, do.
? Total length, 414 ; cephalothorax, 2; breadth, almost 1 24; front, almost s/¢ ; abdomen, 3 ; breadth, 2%: height, 234 millim. Leg, ii—almost 6, ii.—s, iii—3 4, iv.— almost 5% millim, Patella+tibia, iv.—1% millim. (Thorell).
d Total length, 3 ; cephalothorax, 134 ; breadth, 114 ; abdomen, 1%; breadth, 1 millim, Leg, i.—34 ; iii—3; iiii—2; iv.—2%millim. Patella+tibia, iv.—3{ millim.
This spider, which is very common in Singapore, makes a small perpendicular snare of from 4 to 7 inches in diameter, in which it has a free segment. In this space is a line of grey silk with debris or sometimes cocoons fastened at regular intervals. This line is not of the nature of a trap line as it is fastened to the top suspension line, and the spider lives in centre of web and appears like one of the pieces of debris. In some instances there is debris at lower side of centre. One spider when disturbed shook its web violently.
Rays ane nas 40—50
Inner spira aid 5—7 turns at top. Free zone ms 34 inch.
Outer spiral “4% 20—30 turns at top.
Do. re 50—6o do. at bottom.
1” ' 7 - ie - _ J .* = i” i 7: oe ak a Pg oe =e) 1) f a ae * - he ; * '
!
“| : j rae ; Pai! oa 4 a ae te : ae ’ | iid Hy | - =| = a | ; cor ‘ 3 I hee J al a. :
i, F Jnulyemensis SS Ss ‘ j ! == = a r" Singapore Srv H / SSS 2222 ae es
re
fa le ™ a ie 6 7 in de a
= a
38
EPEIRA POSTILENA. Thor.
1878. L£peira postilena, Thor., Studi, etc. II., pp. 70, 273, 279. 1881, ra . id. ibid. III., p. 119. 1895. is - id. The Spiders of Burma, p. 178.
Description of Plate 38 9 —a, spider, mag. ; 4, natural size; ¢, profile; d, eyes; e, maxillae and labium ; 7, epigyne ; g, do. profile ; 4, snare reduced ; 4, nest.
2 Total length, 814 ; cephalothorax, 3% ; breadth, 21% ; do. in front, 1%4 ; abdomen, 534 ; breadth, 514 millim, Leg, i.—1314 ; iii—114 ; iii. —7 ; iv.—rot/, millim. Patella +tibia, iv.— 324 millim. (Thorell).
& Total length, 5 ; cephalothorax, a little more than 2%; do. in front, almost 1 ; abdomen, 2% ; breadth, a little more than 2 millim. Leg, i—1034; ii.—almost 9 ; ill.-- 5; iv.—74 millim. Fatella + tibia, iv—24 millim. (Thorell).
This spider, which I have not found in Singapore, and only one specimen in Java, makes a perpendicular snare 3 inches in diameter, with a free segment, with a trap line to nest in a twisted leaf, about 14 inches long and bound together with silk. Spider seems to sit in nest with its back downwards, holding on by the threads of the roof.
Rays as abs 15 Inner spiral es 4 turns. Free zone aes \ inch.
Spider when living is a bright green colour, with black and white markings on the back,
a 71 is os ti
a i" 7 7 | » =a? Saae. “waht rr
ree i wins: Sie LS ; a2 a a z
cls i ill ‘ re Pee Rieter Ap me ee 2 a _ ed ¥ eae ea _ sy " = Bye oe i] ; Si c ’ (a are t Ag A) we ¥ ke fee le oy : » - rt, J As me Ae _ L a t iene Se — iee- a ae ‘wee
eae cred, eter ices te enc ek AURA alee Rlab te a Mel gee pal he cee de ee ed
,4 | oan te a _ aan) . = a te = . Pink ‘= bed nel ry : ; .
iy
= on
eae ae
a 5 atthe ' f a Ty a. iv i e's enh ng Fuses ee. ples ‘Siar eekine Race _ eae on
39
EPEIRA MITIFICA. Thor.
1886. Letra mitifica, Sim. Arachn. de Siam, etc., p. 16. 1887. i " Thor. Ragni Birmani, p. 187. 1895. is s id. The Spiders of Burma, p. 178.
Description of Plate 39 9 —a, spider, mag. ; 4, natural size ; ¢, profile; ¢, maxillae and falces ; ¢, eyes ; /, epigyne, dried ; g, do., wet ; 4, do., side view, wet ; #4, snare reduced ; #, nest in leaf,
Total length, 7 ; cephalothorax, 3 ; breadth, about 214 ; do. in front, 1144 ; abdomen, 5; breadth, 4; height, 314 millim. Leg, ii—g; ii—8; iiii—6; iv.—8 millim. Patella +-tibia, 2% millim.
This spider when living is of a beautiful green colour. Snare like Zi//a africa, C. 1. Koch, but in some snares there are more spirals on lower side than on the upper. Snare, 4 to 5 inches in diameter, and generally extended at an angle of 45°.
Rays aes sae 30—35
Inner spiral + 6—7 turns,
Free zone ue \ inch,
Outer spiral «1» 20—30 turns upper side. Do. +» 23-—4g0 do. lower side.
& Much smaller than 2 but colouring is the same.
ee ol
ol a! han i as pO As rit, te de nme ie dr fl can * et, petal agi
mY a pra Bail
x
| “7 oo eer re) ver we fos: ee ied i* es bes eins 7 ERIE dog Ah oar ak arp eet
é fre ‘rae Fhe Gfren. Serre
ava mgafor e.
40
EPEIRA MICULA. Thor.
1892. petra micula, Thor. Novae Species, Aranearum, etc., p. 37.
Description of Plate 40 9 —a, spider, mag.; 4, natural size ; ¢, profile ; ¢, cephalo- thorax, underside ; ¢, eyes ;_ 4, epigyne ; g, do. profile ; 4, snare reduced.
Total length, 234 ; cephalothorax, less than 1; breadth, almost 1 ; in front, about % ; abdomen, 14 ; breadth, about 14 millim. Leg, i.—3¥4 ; ii.—almost 3; iiii—15/g; iv.— a little less than 234. Patella+ tibia, iv.—almost1 millim. (Thorell).
This spider has great resemblance to Z. mu/meinensis Thor., but can easily be distinguished from it by its much smaller size, and by its want of abdominal tubercles or black annulations on the legs. Its snare is made on the same plan, perpendicular, from 5 to 8 inches in diameter. There is a free segment, in the centre of which is placed a line of grey silk in which masses of debris or prey is enswathed at regular distances. The spider sits in centre, having the appearance of another mass ; in some cases there are other masses at the lower side of centre as in Z. mu/meinensis ‘Thor.
Rays about as 60
Inner spiral ea 7 turns.
Free zone oat 1% inch.
Outer spiral... 12 to 30 turns at top. Do. oa 30 to 50 do. at bottom.
Type in my collection.
BF th ae fen pete Fmisht wie F
40
. eee ae KT
Fe USS see ; SIDS
> 4
Ag,
$3 .' ey 3 e E = 4 9
> >
$ §
41
EPEIRA LAGLAIZEI. Sim.
? 1857. LZ petra thomisoides, Dol. Bijdr., etc, p. 422. ? 1859. re > id, Tweede Bijdr, etc., p. Tab. 2, fig. 2.
1877. os laglaiset (/aglatset), Sim. Etudes Arachn. [X., p. 65.
1878. _ thelura, Thor, Studi., etc., pp. 84, 273, 293-
188. "4 faglaizet, id, ibid., IIL., p. 119.
1890. is A id. ibid., IV., vol. I., p. 167.
1895. a - id. Spiders of Burma, p. 188.
Description of Plate 41 9 —a, spider, mag. ; 4, natural size; G profile ; a, cephalc- thorax, underside ; ¢, eyes ; f, epigyne ; g, do. profile.
Total length, 1034 ; cephalothorax, 3% ; breadth, more than 3; do. in. front, 14 ; abdomen, with tail, 734; breadth, 6 millim. Leg, i—14% ; ii—12; ill.—7 5 iv.—11 millim. Patella+-tibia, iv.—3%% millim. (Thorell.)
E. /agiaiset. Sim. makes a perpendicular snare 20 inches in diameter, and sits in centre, head downwards, drawing the rays tightly together with its legs. It is not easily
frightened.
Rays... ae 25 Inner spiral -.. 3 ~«sturrns.
Free zone bis 2%4 inches. Outer spiral .. 31 turns at top.
Do, en 45 do. at bottom.
E frais a Fhormcsoides Do?
Ben gepfare
4]
EPEIRA PORCULA. Sim.
1876. LZpeira porcula, Sim. Etudes Arachn. IX., p. 78, pl. 3, fig. 7-7a. 1890. - = Thor. Studi, etc., IV., vol. I., p. 172.
Description of Plate 42 9—a, spider, mag.; 4, natural size; ¢, profile; ¢, cephalo- thorax, underside ; ¢, eyes ; 4, epigyne ; g, do. profile. ,
Total length, 7; cephalothorax, 3%; breadth, 3; do. in front, 134; abdomen, 5 ; breadth, 4% ; height, 3 millim. Leg, ii—14; il.—12% ; ili.—5; iv.—11 millim. Patella +tibia, iv.—4 millim.
This spider makes a perpendicular web from 18 to 20 inches in diameter.
Rays... mae 17—20
Innner spiral... 3—4 turns. Free zone er 1—2 inches. Outer spiral nae 37—42 turns.
Spider sits in centre, head downwards ; in one case was sitting under a leaf out of
snare.
viet a
=
=
S /
- at 1 i a i x a ae LT ee oe 4 7 7 el : ae I ll
= F 7 Fl " . ~ a. rr 2 = — 1 a iT il * pep ‘ a noi Pe ae i — : ie = a i. in ® el i ? am |
—_ . += __ “i y i, = of a as el A a ae ee eee ee . . 7 my
is
¥ -_. 4 h SS aly = ee. Cy hype ee a = | 7 v _
toe:
a
=U 7 : ‘e & ad F | -_— ha - ; = ee r La — ; . ap eal ha is ss eee _— i A ee otis -_s - neat ae de ad agama ey an eer rel * Se UR RD oe gS A Se
: = us fe oe | ri , ms : a n* f ee al ~ re “a = =| P é = = * ! p a
7 f ee Poe "|. oon ~ ie pe aa itn oe *h ; i —— Et
ot ae : : :. i > lathe “. ' ree
aa ia
_ a og Z _ ia _— -. a = - a | ' | Lia ie « Ly i oF - 7 - * mys : eo Li a ‘ied . =m a z « El be = £ -
Lael - a E ¥ 7 a = | f at : fl = f J ' Lb a 4 , rs wn = iL 7 a ‘| i
i” ; : » =) 2 ae ee a : "ee : ie _ ’ ns eal mn : _ r— P P ae La ae ath ¥ Lae ns : = Pa | =e - / * ly ; 5 a = a oe aes ci ee a a ee 4 _ aid = os : <i A! sd a | 3 a _ -: oa . 7 Ss = pike, ba ay } ae eat Ares | a er i Bh uate r oi = i 7 + %, , A i 4 ——- a ts : = oy 7 = , -_ a i : i — a Ym sag . ; _ —_— P - - ee = =F Pt =i i — | W = al a is rT 7 Pal ¥ — + = =| ic er
7 > Le Tk 1 un i se i al # 7 4 : i ba 7 . = b = = a ™ me an | “yy it i a 7
f | l i a - dl a = F oak | 1 at i - i _ ti as
ro
He et dads: ay
43
EPEIRA NOEGEATA. Thor.
1895. petra noegeata, Thor. The Spiders of Burma, p, 178. Description of Plate 43 9—a, spider, mag.; 4, natural size; ¢, profile; @, cephalo- thorax, underside ; ¢, eyes ; 4, epigyne in front; g, do. from behind; 4, do., side view. Total length, almost 514 ; cephalothorax, almost 234 ; breadth, 2; breadth in front, 1; abdomen, almost 32/;; breadth, almost 4 millim. Leg, i—about 734; ii—7%; iiii—334 ; iv.—about 534 millim. Patella+tibia, iv.—z millim. (Thorell.)
Finga pone
r
iT
a
me rae ii hee f @ Ghee o. werrt Ge
, |
J Ae!
— i eC > ee eo _
F
EPEIRA ECZEMATICA. Thor.
1892. L£ petra eczematica, Thor. Novae Species Aranearum, etc., p. 23.
Description of Plate 45 2 —a. spider, mag.; 4, natural size; ¢, profile; d, cephalo thorax, underside ; ¢, eyes; f, epigyne; g, do., profile; 4, cocoon, mag.
Total length, 9% ; cephalothorax, 414 ; breadth, 314 ; breadth in front, 2 ; abdomen, 7; breadth, 4 millim. Leg, i—1i1l; ii—10%; iii.—7; iv—g'% millim. Patella +tibia, iv.—3% millim. (Thorell.)
This spider, with its cocoon, was found in a huge mass of leaves, 12 inches by 6 inches, which it had drawn and matted together with silk. There was no snare.
Cocoon yellow, ¥% inch in diameter. Type in my collection.
Ld : = ooo Meo 2d aed
- a | a tes 1 ols —45 i -_ ; i . in |
46
EPEIRA PERPOLITA. Thor.
1892. petra perpolita, Thor. Novae Species Aranearum, etc., p. 29,
Description of Plate 46 9 —a, spider, mag. ; 4, natural size; ¢, profile; @, cephalo- thorax, underside ; ¢, eyes ; 4, epigyne.
Total length, 5 ; cephalothorax, 2; breadth, about 134; breadth in front, about 34 ; abdomen, less than 4; breadth, 31% millim. Leg, i—634 ; ii— 534 ; ili-—334; iv.—5 millim. Patella+tibia, ivmalmost 2 millim. (Thorell.)
Type in my collection,
46
ASting afore.
47
EPEIRA HISPIDA. Dol.
1859. L£peira hispida, Dol. Tweede Bijdr., p. 33, pl. 2, fig 5 (= 2). 1877. , a@ecens, Thor. Studi. I., etc., p. 379 (39) (= d). 1878. » vrumpfii, id. ibid. IL., p.296 (= ¢).
1884. » vufofemorata, Sim. Arachn. rec. in Birmanie par Comotto, p. 348 (24). (= ¢). 1887. » Atspida, Thor. Ragni Birmani, p. 179.
1895. i Fs id. The Spiders of Burma, p. 177.
Description of Plate 46 9 —a, spider, mag. ; 4, natural size ; ¢, profile ; ¢, cephalo- thorax, underside; e, eyes; /, epigyne; g, do., profile.
9 LEpeira hispida, varies greatly in size, but in most specimens the total length is 13 ; cephalothorax,.almost 6 ; breadth, 5; abdomen, 9; breadth, 734 millim. Leg, i.—a21 ; ii.—20 ; iiii—13; iv.—1rg millim. Patella+tibia, iv.—almost 7 millim. (Thorell).
¢d Total length, 9; cephalothorax, 5 ; breadth, 4; breadth in front, 134 ; abdomen, 534; breadth, scarcely 4 millim. Leg, i—i7¥¢3 ii—15; ili—10; iv.—r4 millim. Patella+tibia, iv.— 5 millim. (Thorell).
Pals t a eee |
“iq & s
a”
48
EPEIRA PUNCTIGERA. Dol.
1857. petra punctigera, Dol., Bijdr., p. 420. 1857. » manipa, id. ibid., p. 419. 1863. » értangula, Keyser. Sitzungsber. d. Isis zu Dresden, p. 98, pl. V, figg. 12-14. 1871. » indagatrix, L. Koch. Die Arachan. Austral. (1) p. 66, pl. V., figg. 8-ga. 1877. » wvatia, Thor. Studi. etc., 1, pp. 382 & 384. 1878. » punetigera, id. ibid., IL, p. 59 & 256. 1881. a s id. ibid., III. p. 104. 1881, » ephippiata, id. ibid., p. rot. ? 1886. » pavicct, Sim. Actes Soc. Linn. Bordeaux, XL., p. 150. 1887. » punctigera, Thor. Ragni. Birmani., p. 181. 1890. = = id. ibid. Studi., IV., vol. L, p. 147. 1895. a +s id. The Spiders of Burma, p. 177.
Description of Plate 48 9 —a, spider, mag. ; 4, natural size ; ¢, profile; @, cephalo- thorax, underside; e, eyes ; f, epigyne ; g, do., profile; 4, ¢ right palpus, side view ; #, do, from below.
9 Length of body, 1034 ; cephalothorax, 434 ; breadth, 334 ; breadth in front, 2"/, ; abdomen, 77/,; breadth, 7 millim. Leg, i—174%; ii—14%}3 ili—o9%; iv.—14%4 millim. Patella+-tibia, iv.—almost 5 millim. Falces, 2 millim, long. (Thorell).
do Length of body,9; cephalothorax, 5; breadth, 4; breadth in front, 134; abdomen, 5 ; breadth, 3¢/s millim. Leg, i—194 ; ii—17% ; iii—1o; iv.—16 millim Patella+-tibia, iv.—5 34 millim. (Thorell).
Found in dauber wasp’s nest.
me Agar ee
re 2 - oe -
15 lei DF o ee bare. ents chat aa y pozoce-e | ya
7" er 8 a uae 7 os - _ hay —?
Seta a hceleldl Sea ar aja | eet eran ares wre ne sett’.
a Rit adodka wee Bae oe eS
Ulan! tube ae ee, aan ‘Sd pea a pare SiMe Paiste eet valida
: = a = ; ts _ -
Fee eee ae ek, 2 cee et aca ene i ahetee i ra ett eh ek en ee | pbs ly
a a, - “Ft bab hte Sendai
aa
sie
4
ae aes idee Yaak tae ome Mea tinbaxn se rat eee: (hapa ea x. - gtk +r. iat al a
ae ae ye a
ae
ieee | bye: '
4 ee - AP
os,
faealitiohe + in a eat
acts “ey rs} ee wee eee oe 1
; ma oF ~ a a oe av
hy Lae a 2 = =i i; =
49
EPEIRA ANASPASTA. Thor.
1892. L£peira anaspasta, Thor. Novae Species Aranearum, etc., p. 26.
Description of Plate 49 2? —a. spider, mag.; 4, natural size; ¢, profile; d, cephalo- thorax, underside ; ¢, eyes; f, epigyne; g, do., profile.
Total length, 1144 ; cephalothorax, 5 ; breadth, hardly 4; breadth in front, hardly 2 ; abdomen, 6%; breadth, about 534 millim. Leg, i—19¥%; ii—17%4; ili—10% ; iv.—15% millim. Patella+tibia, iv.—5% millim. (Thorell.)
Found in a dauber wasp’s nest.
Type in my collection.
i a a fi a iT iT lly * F al = a is ip i - me | mo i; ; 1 pete La f ; ie - "id ] aT F d ; ie 3 : - il ic : at —- i oat © 7 - — ai 1 q ie i = i , 7 vt — . : - oe ; = fi a oe il . oe a Fos. -* a : Pa 4 7 a i i”. i) La _ - ‘ ‘ 7 - i} td 7 _ Z 4 ] 7 oi ad ‘i i mo = a | st a i . L a ae a: 7 : A 7 7 a _ ba J : a ' q 5 -_ = 1 fi : 5 | , - im | = rT ec 7 : | 3 i [tae m1 P “a Pa A é F - Mul Vacton ; ad! A r I] } = a P - I " = an ‘ I . ; = +, s tee 7 ; 1D tal * rm ae ie - : a ss i ie “hspale fT ran, ces. eee es
Li ~~ - . Pare atmape =e. es | ‘ws forwere am a Pterpst a ttoag om Loi, a # FE at hy .
ae ite “e meek Sa a aig oa bis $8 Gar Salmelh btn a ee en or i nea oe 1 Sis jm glee fia: cad rd pis | a Na ME a iter! 7 ie : me i ne - Lipide nite he at mesial er ae an
= 4 _— | = a a 7 )
EPEIRA DE HAANII. Dol.
1859. LZ peira de haantt, Dol, Tweede Bijdr., etc., p. 33, pl. II., fig. 7. P 18509. » ogoriensts, id. ibid., p. 35, pl. XL., fig. 7.
1859. » Sspectabilis, id. ibid., p. 34, pl. IL, figg. 9-gb.
1887. » submucronata, Sim. Journ. Asiatic Soc. Bengal, LVI., p. 106.
1887. » a haanit, Thor. Ragni Birmani., p. 178.
1877. » andarensis, Thor. Studi., 1, p. 372 (32).
1878. » de haanit, id. ibid., II., pp. 25 & 296.
1881. 3 is id, ibid., III., p. 88. 1890. rr * id. ibid., IV., vol. 1, p. 125. 1895. > aes id. The Spiders of Burma, p. 170.
Description of Plate 509 —a, spider, mag.; 4, natural size; ¢ profile; @, cephalo- thorax, underside ; e¢, eyes; f, epigyne; g, do., profile; 4, do., from behind.
Total length, 2534 : cephalothorax, 914 ; breadth, 734 ; do. in front, 44 ; abdomen, 1634; breadth, 11 millim. Leg, i—31; ii—30; iii—19%; iv.—32) millim. Patella+tibia, iv.—114 millim Falce, 4 millim. long. (Thorell.)
Doleschall says this spider is found in great numbers in the clove gardens at Amboina during the rainy season, but I did not find it common at Singapore.
It makes a large perpendicular snare, from 18-24 inches in diameter, and has one of the rays carried out to its nest under a leaf.
In the centre of the web is a large hole, round which the inner spiral irregularly winds two or three times. Free zone about 1 inch. Outer spiral from 25 to 3o turns. Free zone about 114 inches. Rays about 20 in number, and very irregularly spaced.
‘ee ne
; ge or i ~ > - Si i “Es, 5 at oy . ee ae re lat yr be bel hee a att sal Z Pr
7 ae
syenedieern i rraipes
= et, are dient, Wee = ar | Peet nae nib lee F aay eu ae, a
ear _
i | ii
7" Saye: Rass
Cfecve we hamnié \ ‘hee
Bring afore
Thad a ro
Pi 4 oe (pei =. 4 4) .
51
MILONIA OBTUSA. Thor.
1892. Mi/onta obtusa, Thor. Novae Species Aranearum, p. 40.
Description of Plate 51 9—a, spider, mag ; 4, natural size ; ¢, profile; @, cephalo thorax, underside; ¢, eyes ; 7, epigyne ; g, snare, reduced.
Total length, 5 ; cephalothorax, 244 ; breadth, 124; breadth in front, 1; abdomen, 3; breadth, 2 millim. Leg, ii—not quite 5; ii—about 4%; iiii—a little less than 3 ; iv.—4?/, millim. Patella+tibia, iv.—a little less than 14% millim. (Thorell).
This spider, of which I only found one specimen, constructs a perpendicular snare of about 12 rays, with a trap line to its nest under a leaf. Central spiral, incomplete, starts from an interlaced part, from which trap line leads to nest.
Outer spiral, consisting of 36 threads, is incomplete, and is on the opposite side of the snare from the trap line. Outer spiral adhesive.
Type in my collection.
ms) reall | Mes er poeniectae
a aay og rte bk), mee 2 sea aoa al ys oa — ste
a ran EA as we iP eee
4 a i
ac
ine eooeae ere balk na ptopln rca : cal onli saabaengiae 42k vaptite | <) ee gees mr ee per pint ve
ki-t — a. - sete al ah an ‘ a
ae
_ ve a ae.
Milo nix odtisa Maer
Bung afe re
1$4I. 1864.
1869.
1872. 1877. 1878. 1881. 1887. 1890. 1895.
i | to
ARGYROEPEIRA CELEBESIANA WALCK. Tetragnatha celebesiana, Walck. H.N. d. Ins. Apt. ii. p. 222.
of decorala, Blackw. Ann. and Mag. of Nat. Hist., 3 Ser., XIV., Pp. 44. ‘3 5 Cambr. The Linn. Soc. Journ., Zool. X., p. 389, pl. XIIL., figg. 61-68. Meta = L. Koch. Die Arachn. Austral. p. 141, pl. XL, fig. 5. -" celebestana, Thor. Studi I., p. 422 (82). - si id. ibid. II., pp. 91 & 297.
x 3 id. ibid. IIL., p. 126. Argyroepeira ey id. Ragni Birmani, p. 138. a ws id. Studi., IV., vol. I., p. 198. id. The Spiders of Burma, p. 155.
Lh P|
Description of Plate 52 9 —a, figure, mag.; 4, natural size; ¢, profile; d, eyes; é, maxillae and falces ; f, epigyne.
Total length, 9%; cephalothorax, 234; breadth, 214; breadth in front, 134 ; abdomen, 7; breadth, 3%; height, 4 millim. Leg, i—about 18; iii—14; iii— about 7; iv.— 11 millim. Patella+tibia, iv—3z%4 millim.
This spider makes, in low shrub, a rather irregular oval-shaped snare, 9 inches in diameter, and suspended at an angle of 45° to the plane of the earth.
Rays, oe S re 18.
Inner spiral, ee ee 6 turns. Free zone, “ Te 2 inches, Outer spiral, oF BY: 20 turns.
Spider sits in the centre.- At one side near the centre is a large hole, seemingly made after the snare was completed, and may have been for the spider to get from side to side of the web.
7 510 ‘i Sa, aes he nol mel <
tH ar ey ite eadis A aa ae oa wo = ; “TF , a a
: ees $s Has ie igh i yt: wikia be” i rh AEE :
ee es og Sas 5. mney a bok. ‘
6 thee sgh ee vay
“eee ~~ S pi eth LS
ye Fett biel a
7 =
wares. ot re mais itunes Pie 7 BONE lov plies
oe mauler LR some
= i > tina hy =
Fa
a
is all | 7
- a pane
pte anil .
- a =" al ii
ene a
ha _ TE 1:
imi
Y % .
= oo
paeeane
yoeheatva. Cele tessona Aery A Mazak.
Fae te:
;
Pals ">
oe
=
53
ARGYROEPEIRA FIBULATA. Thor.
1892. Argyroepeira fibulata, Thor. Nova Species Aranearum, p. 16.
Description of Plate 53 9—a, spider, mag.; 4, natural size ; ¢, profile ; a2, cephalo- thorax, underside ; e, eyes ; 7, epigyne.
Total length, 234 ; cephalothorax, nearly 1; breadth, about 34; breadth in front, almost % ; abdomen, 2% ; breadth, almost 2 millim. Leg, i.—6 ; ii.—less than 5 ; iii, about 2% ; iv.—almost 4 millim. Patella+tibia, iv—about 1 millim. (Thorell.)
This handsome spider, of which I found two specimens, constructs a circular horizon- tal snare about 4 inches in diameter, and sits in centre on lower side,
Rays abs = ose 40.
Inner spiral, ae es 7 turns.
Free zone, _ ie ¥% inch.
Outer spiral, sae oP 25 in No. 1 web. do. ius 36 in No. 2 do.
Spider can easily be known by the fibula-like white marking on the lower side of the abdomen in front of the spinnarets. Type in my collection.
z a a og. * ' - a = i y 1 7 a y a : = F a 7 s G A . - : is 7 oe - .. a aa i" - E fr a 7 mm
— | : : an a a? or oa *] A
] : : , . ; a any it a Pe _}
i. 1 = « —') =
t al i i 7 a
= 5 =
a — v “- ta _
id Pe. | k
7
me
_ 7 = 7 1 : i 1 - 7 = he i" ca ate 1/2 A Aas oo » en. = be oo Ma ri ” = = [| Ls ee | : =a
ay ees aceasta pelea A ee ae, oe ee ee: a i> 4 i i ec ad = a5 ge a “i an Lire i? o-. a=) ma, . “3 ;
ie Lali let + pat ai a 2 aa St Wine tet nd ats f gen Com > a ee a oes vee i= J Z ha sali — a - ae x perl oe alt cap: ae ‘- s a ee relia” sin al, a === a ie 7 a ie mes a aon = fs wr <h ee rr." au each. we oor
al, 4 “ —— == 21 i ie — hy males! ed
= 7 a aa
_ a ras mits figge ce iis yt sr ‘ahitig as fpr ae a oma eae | 4 = = ap ly tn ek e, ee, a. 7 acta “Ho > =; | sath Set ro ie a, 4)
“I i = 7 ' i ” 4 F a i} =" ‘ 7 1 7 a a " - é 7 L on F . = 7 ba " va r = ™ er iw
ail
1 |
u
a
7
=
=
5.
a
i
Pil | Veet) one
al re!
ale “eee
op | 3 cermnere fine XN MUI ff Singapore \
a
“el i ;
_
54
ARGYROEPEIRA ARGENTINA. Van Hass.
1871. Argyroepeira argentina, Van Hass, Araneae exoticae, etc., p. 218 (2). 1890. ‘3 ie Thor. Studi., etc., [V., vol. I, p. 199. 1895. - fe id. The Spiders of Burma, p. 152.
Description of Plate 54 9 —a, spider, mag. ; 4, natural size; ¢, profile; d, cephalo- thorax, underside ; ¢, eyes ; /, epigyne.
Total length, 4% ; cephalothorax, almost 15/6; breadth, almost 134; breadth in front 34 ; abdomen, 314 ; breadth, a little more than 2 millim. Leg, i-—8'/, ; ii.—scarcely 7; ii—3%; iv.—6 millim. Patella+-tibia, iv.—almost 15/5 millim. (Thorell).
Argentina Van Hass always suspends its snare, which is 9-12 inches in diameter, at an angle of 45°, and sits in centre on the lower side.
Rays meeting in 34 inch circle, 35-40.
Inner spiral, ite sen 2-4 turns, Free zone, ve ‘es 1-1 4 inches. Outer spiral, Se ee 55-60 turns.
or Siepiatneies a —s . a eas, yi sine = ae Wz ie fees : Se Opyabe mets ae 2 a een
git ee Terabe 4. Lae in L a
ea ai - a § &
ae _
or bb
ARGYROEPEIRA VENTRALIS. Thor.
1877. Meta ventralis, Thor. Studi, etc., i., p. 423 (83). 1887. <Argyroepetra ,, id. Ragni Birmani. etc., p. 138. 1895. s » id. The Spiders of Burma, p. 155.
Description of Plate 55 9—a, spider, mag.; 4, natural size; ¢, profile; a, eyes; e, cephalothorax, underside ; /, epigyne.
Total length, 7'/, ; cephalothorax, 3; breadth, 2 ; do. in front, 1/5; abdomen, 5 ; breadth, 27/,; height, more than 3 millim. Leg, i.—22%% ; ii.—18"/;; iii—7: iv.—12 millim. Patella+tibia, ivi—31/,; millim. Falce, 17/, millim. long. (Thorell.)
This spider, which is very common at Singapore, makes an extremely variable snare, The snares are suspended at any angle from horizontal to perpendicular, and in some cases have a free segment, and in others the circle is complete.
Where the spider makes a free segment it has generally a trap line, leading to its nest close to the snare, which it holds firmly, the legs being stretched out in a line ; sometimes the head being towards the snare, but often not.
When the spider constructs a complete orbicular snare horizontally it often remains on the under side in the centre, and in one case when it ran out to capture a fly it dropped down and then climbed up the line, which it spun as it went out, to the centre again.
Snare from 5—15 inches in diameter.
Rays ... 20—30, meeting in 4% inch circle.
Inner spiral, 2—4__ turns.
Free zone, 1—1¥ inch.
Outer spiral, 20 —33 turns, adhesive. Usually the free segment is in the upper quarter, but in one case it was in the lower quarter. The outer spiral has more threads on the side opposite the free segment than at the free segment.
55
ali! i By one ' ' rf
ARGYROEPEIRA GEMMEA. Van Hass.
1882. Afeta gemmea, Nan Hass, Midden-Sumatra, etc. Araneae, p. 26, pl. il.,
fig. 4. 1890. Argyroepeira ,, Thor., Studi., etc., IV., vol. I., p. 206. 1895. ‘s Pr id. The Spiders of Burma, p. 152.
Description of Plate 56 9 —a, spider, mag. ; 4, natural size; ¢, profile; @, cephalo- thorax, underside ; ¢, eyes ; f, epigyne.
Total length, 534; cephalothorax, 2; breadth, 134; breadth in front, almost 1 ; abdomen, 4; breadth, 2!/, millim. Leg, ima1r ; li.—g9 ; iii.—4?/, ; iv—a little more than 7 millim. Patella+tibia, iv.i—2 millim. (Thorell).
te 2
Gros eee, eurc epi ce “ f Ig Aaas.
Sergapore.
tei 1 7 ok Jay 7
57
THERIDIOSOMA FASCIATUM. sp n.
Description of Plate 57 9 —a, spider, mag.; 4, natural size; ¢, profile; d, cephalo- thorax, underside ; ¢, eyes; f, epigyne; g, do., profile; 4, ¢ left palpus from below; #., do. side view ; 4, snare.
? Total length, 2; cephalothorax, 1; breadth, 1; do. in front, 4% ; abdomen, 1% ; breadth, 1%; height, 1% millim, Leg, i.—2; ii—1%4; iii—1; iv.—14 millim. Patella+tibia, iv.— 14 millim. As the spider is so small, measurements are only approxi- mate. @ Though much resembling @, is considerably smaller than it. 7: /fasctatum is closely allied to 7: argenfeo/um Cambr., the type of the genus, and 7. radiosa, M‘Cook, which Prof. Thorell considers to be quite identical with Z: gemmosum L. Koch.
This spider constructs an orb web, though rather an imperfect one, and then draws out the centre of the web and holds it out taut witha trap line until an insect becomes entangled, when it suddenly lets go, thereby more securely holding its prey, as described by Dr. M‘Cook in his exceedingly interesting work on “ American Spiders and their Spinning Work, vol. 1, page 195.”
It is not uncommon in the Botanic Gardens, Singapore.
Type in my collection,
- ae ' by Ts a i a r _ 2 . | “<i feu . : : ». oe. x 7. aj = a oT f aif ~ ia aa po. | os
a j r 7 a ; i a A ~ . ry am, ny - = a - . ry tet = ita He 7 - i * 7 ri TS pare he ees @G han ae oo —— ae ee ee Sa : ae
- a /. or dma, rr, ‘ae a — stad Ay - ras _ ier (ay ceed
ie ' = os ataien os wes eae, . “ti : Sen aca Lie 1 tate inae: 6a See a. <n a Sab pan oe al =e ke » ae fee yas io — uate ee, re: eet tee ier dae +l ge a moi tase oes 1.
PF
; 1 Tilt ae an + weet ee en ike g eerie oe eg: > hie cog a oy Le Te wy ai laa oy ad ‘he ¥ ‘a ev On acca paar a on Sachs | Llemeinceet emt “eee el aieet © fe naps lm ast ee ee ee ee eh Sao seep ali inl Das SEAS pat S.A Smo Bek mls Sag. are ck De pa — | eel ce ee oc we stags lve sn Tet aie a Sree | pie vet y= pe aah.
wAareiosermc fasecalic re fora *
S/ngape re
PHORONCIDIA LYGEANA. Walck.
1841. flectana — lvgeana, Walck. H.N.d. Ins. Apt. IT., p. 197. 1882. Phoroncidia acrosomoides, Van. Hass., Midden Sumatra, etc., Araneae, p. 30, pl. 1, fig. 7, pl. 4, figg. 2 and 3. 1890, “3 /ygeana, Thor. Studi, etc., IV., vol. I, p. 243. Description of Plate 58 9—a, spider, mag. ; 4, natural size ; ¢, profile; @, cephalo- thorax, underside; ¢, eyes ; 4, epigyne. Total length, 5: cephalothorax, almost 2; breadth, almost 134 ; breadth of clypeus, about ?/,;; abdomen, 334; breadth, slightly more than 2% millim. Leg, i—634 ; ii—almost 4; iii—334 ; iv.—about 614 millim. Patella+tibia, iv.—21{ millim. (Thorell.)
ti ca pet cae twits “i ey pagal? ‘" ta st ae ery =e ‘ - e Be RS eles ok LT 14) 1a Ret: al oats =e? oo ae, Xie 7 fa
- Spee en 2 aa
he 2 © pa ee ele aA ee ay perenne
ee “-" es
a
4
ove
= ele) & Es a ee ie ae ; ie PT ote |e eee AA a " a es ] I : a «3 = ES P i i heat Se, L= —_ _ es
Es
mo |
hs
MOLIONE TRIACANTHA. Thor.
1892. <AMoltone triacantha, Thor., Novae Species, Aranearum, p. 8. Description of Plate 59 ? —a. spider, mag. ; 4, natural size; ¢, profile; @, cephalo- thorax, underside ; ¢, eyes; f, epigyne; g, spine. Total length, a little more than 2; length and breadth, about 34 ; abdomen, almost 11%; breadth, 11{ millim. Leg, i—4 (tibia almost 1); ii —3; iii—about 214 ; iv.— almost 334 millim. Patella+tibia, iv.—almost 1 millim. (Thorell.)
are i | cae
OLR:
oe
a ee
|
=i
.
fd are “al dae j
.)
i r :
* a
7 ian ow oe a
oe aa *& :
: <4 5 ' tn ko i iw
_ : i am
: S
_ ed er. aay _ -
5 a4 qa
Matiora. "hk Seana p' @] Shay. Ps
Singer tore =
ws,"
ake: aan
a
mi a. Ta oe : '
x sat
os ce, _ as et —s ‘ sles ma >, rida ;
60
COLEOSOMA BLANDUM. Camb.
1882. Coleosoma blandum, Cambr., Proc. Zool. Soc., London, p. 428, pl. xxix., figg. 3a— 3h. 1895. F = Thor., The Spiders of Burma, p. 115.
Description of Plate 60 ¢—a, spider, mag. ; 4, natural size; ¢, profile; ¢, cephalo- thorax, underside; ¢, right palpus; f, do, from outside; g, pitcher plant, /Vefen/shes ampullacea.
Total length, almost 2% ; cephalothorax, about 5/5; breadth, almost 34 ; abdomen, 14; breadth, almost 34 millim. Leg, ii—4?/, ; ii—a little more than 3 ; ili.—2 ; iv.— 4 millim. Patella+tibia, iv.—nearly 14 millim, (Thorell.)
The snare of this little spider was found spun across the mouth of one of the small pitcher plants locally called ‘ Monkey Cups,” which are to be seen growing wild in considerable numbers in the Botanic Gardens, Singapore. Though I found several webs I was only able tu obtain one specimen of the spider.
= = =
: ae ta, Se tie seowrex Apeopon703 a “ee uk ee saat et pape . ir vas
a f 7 a |
wn, see =e et aa
glee 3)
ki Af 7, Coa ut
a erie allen 4 re eps ai a 7 - a eceahee i Ree ae La hey a inted = ALO" F aI “ ee ee lite =a) oe ite we ce ‘ita pc aap pele wet. z fe ae dul £} pareu Pia), agiingbt ee she all a sols, : al Scott seme pater poole) tiayenaet ule ‘pom gty p 5 : + ala ‘olpouaoage abe awe a tathenrmin Es
' fh
2
61
ARIAMNES FLAGELLUM. Dol.
1857. Ariadne flagellum, Dol. Bijdr, etc., p. 411, fig 1. 1895. <Ariamnes ,, Thor. The Spiders of Burma, p. 74.
Description of Plate 61 9 —a, spider, mag. ; 4, natural size ; ¢, cephalothorax under- side ; d, eyes.
Total length, 24; cephalothorax, 2; breadth, 1; abdomen, 22; breadth, 1 millim. Leg, i.—?; ii.—8 ; iii—s ; iv.—18 millim. Patella+tibia, iv—4™% millim.
Doleschall says that “4. flagellum Dol. when alive has the cephalothorax and abdomen grass green, slightly yellow in the middle, and upon both sides are numerous small gold sparkling speckles.” I have not seen this species living, but an allied species, probably 4. attenuata Camb. found by me in Brazil is also when alive of a bright grass green, and when it is seen suspended by a thread from its spinnerets is remarkably like a fragment of grass.
ARGYRODES XIPHIAS. Thor.
1887. Argyrodes xiphias, Thor. Ragni Birmani, p. 95. 1895. is om Thor. The Spiders of Burma, p. 118.
Description of Plate 62 9 —a, spider, mag; 4, natural size; ¢, profile; e, cephalo- thorax, underside; 4, eyes and falces; g, do. profile; 4, epigyne; 7, do. profile; a, & profile; 4, ¢ right palpus, from outside; / do. in front.
? Total length, scarcely 3; cephalothorax, 1; breadth, about 2/,;; abdomen from base to posterior apex, 2; height, almost 2; breadth, 144 millim. (Thorell). Leg, i— about 4 ; ii.—about 2; iiii—about 14 ; iv.—about 1% millim.
3 Total length without horn, 234 ; cephalothorax, less than 1 ; breadth, about 34 ; abdomen, 134 ; breadth and height about 2/, millim. Leg, ii—(about 6); ii.—34 ; iii— about 144; iv.—about 3 millim. Patella+tibia, iv.about s/, millim. (Thorell).
A, xiphias Thor. lives in the webs of VepAtla maculata, Fabr.
A, nasuta Camb. closely resembles this spider, but has the projection in front of the clypeus somewhat spoonshaped at its extremity, while in this species there is no dilation.
aaa aa
iy a Js rer. ve 9 | a e
' ae ze as, a iy a se sr stil) a, a = fn SS Aba >
re c ‘ dni a of. a FS eats, babes iy phe?
ae = hey eige bm Fi Co ee ae fe awe | Te, ae hy rr arene ine
“= fae oF ait ber nae ae Ls eh” re
i [ ‘th
Sh ass penal OO caeah ns ag Alice Tales a aisle a Bie ster none eA wig Dele ae ae i _ ache a
a > & hag gs. cn iedlimate a la et aad we aici | Palat nom em hes Pe es ha het pewter. fort at Sac) Lene iP pe noe Bh eee pe _— bes seater an el ace es as Sortie: aah ee yee Le pant tad earch Ayte -E a
“ies ; : iz pf bapaoay try ah ah el it =r Face mnee ware aa ;
qd ° . ® é i)
Ps i
we i] he Ss
ill . #
, fy ie Fr
63
ARGYRODES FASCIATUS. Thor.
1892. <Argyrodes fasciatus, Thor. Novae Species Aranearum, etc., p. 4.
Description of Plate 63 9—a, spider, mag; 64, natural size; ¢ profile; ¢, cepha- lothorax, underside ; ¢, eyes; 4, epigyne ; g, ¢ right palpus, from outside.
? Total length, 4; cephalothorax, about 1'/s; breadth, about ?/,; breadth in front, about '/;; abdomen, almost 3; breadth, 144 millim. Leg, 1.—11; ti.—74 3 iu1—4f ; iv.—7 millim. Patella+tibia, iv.—2 millim, (Thorell.)
do Total length, 4; cephalothorax, 2; breadth, 34; abdomen, 2; breadth, 1 millim. Leg, i—11%; ii—8; iii—q; iv.—6% millim. Patella+tibia iv.—1% millim.
_ | t = 2 :
aot Se EER a ity Paver | =
ep dg; _. =. 2
=a a
tal a a * “ Bey Ge
_
7 ‘ae
ms ase
64
LINYPHIA JAVANA. sp. n.
Description of Plate 64 ¢—a. spider, mag.; 4, natural size; «¢, profile ; d, cephalo- thorax, underside ; e¢, eyes ; /, right palpus, from outside ; g, do. in front.
Total length, 3; breadth, about 34; abdomen, 144; breadth, about 1% millim. Leg, 1.—6 ; 11.—6 ; iii—4; iv.—? millim.
Type in my collection.
Hider aide ara ¢ i earye Satrobess
Ere
“o Sati at .
i = Aree
64
65
THERIDIUM T-NOTATUM. Thor.
1895. Zheridtum T-notatum, Thor. The Spiders of Burma, p. 97.
Description of Plate 65 9 —a, spider, mag. ; 4, natural size ; ¢, profile ; ¢, cephalo- thorax ; ¢, eyes ; 4, epigyne.
Total length, 3'/;; cephalothorax, less than 14 ; breadth, nearly 1; breadth in front, scarcely */, ; abdomen, 214; breadth, 2 millim. Leg, i—scarcely 6 ; ii—¥4 ; iii.— about 3; iv.—44 millim. Patella+tibia, iv.—less than 134 millim. (Thorell.)
T. T-notatum Thor. makes a small reticulated snare, and sits with its cocoon under a
twisted leaf in centre.
-
curt Saha pene,
7 a eon ai? ovis = 7 we ware dhe rt Law's uf einen i an te oy Ietba , nay ba Sele -—Z 1 aa a Se sae
Sy ee pate
a ith. re a ee a a J — erate awk tet re eer dh ‘a
ant . Fibetten pa sama alate: Aah eT eta 2 > hae ame 7 “i
| ite ae met 7 il aaa a J ateenal ag elect! x Se on iy | es iet pe re eee 7 “ek iy
os
Shendiem T-netatiamm Os ee ill, ff
Bev Fa (frore.
66
THERIDIUM TUBICOLUM. Dol. 1859. Zheridium tubicolum. Dol. Tweede Bijdr., etc., p. 49, pl. VIL, figg. 7 and 7b.
1878. ” = Thor. Studi., etc., i., pp. 158 and 300. 1881. os = id. ibid. iii., p. 172. 1890. 5 - id. ibid. iv., vol. I., p. 273.
Description of Plate 66 9 —a, spider, mag.; 4, natural size; ¢, profile; @, cephalo- thorax, underside ; ¢, eyes; f, epigyne; g, cocoon, mag.
Total length, 814% ; cephalothorax, 3'/s; breadth, scarcely 234 ; breadth in front scarcely 1; abdomen,6; breadth, 5*/, millim. Leg, i—17 (tibia, 334); ii—12}4 ; ili,— 8 34 ; iv.—13% millim. Patella+tibia, iv.—44 millim (Thorell).
Doleschall says :—‘ This spider is common in Amboina in sunny places throughout the year on hedges and low wild bushes, and that it spins a large irregular net fastened all round. In the middle the spider makes a long perpendicular pipe-shaped sack, which is closed above and funnel-shaped at the lower edge. The spider inhabits the lower end of this sack, however, drawing nimbly into it from any danger from above.”
The only specimen which I found was inhabiting a large reticulated net 12 inches high, with a twisted leaf in centre, under which the spider was sitting with its cocoon. Cocoon, 4 inch in diameter ; colour, brown.
ii cae on in at can mee a ; ‘es ee | = ue ke J
pep be aes rite c: egtes ; : GU a aes fi ct Arie fife or ae al 7
ee aaa }-3, sa taps atte bl i co pes
=r fe Pecan, beaal= tt pith Past
ny apache We race ye deere ee ~ * gel rt at — i al ays Ls i. tbe ie bas
. — eh ley : tah get pantie pees. pe me padi A+ 4G ae ak. ‘ppt ein = auaher ee ee Ney i
> "F i Reis” yi 7 aie Sn ee Ss prekepeoe
a , f
fie reefaere Pee évcoda ere.
Da.
Wr Gehgre
67
THERIDIUM INQUINATUM. Thor.
1878. Zheridium inguinatnm, Thor. Studi., ete., ii., p. 155. 1881. “ id. ibid. iii., p. 170. 1895. e ‘i id. The Spiders of Burma, p. 93. Description of Plate 67 9—a, spider, mag; 4, natural size; ¢, profile; @, cepha- lothorax, underside ; e, eyes; /, epigyne ; g, snare, reduced. Total length, 31% ; cephalothorax, 114; breadth, scarcely 1 ; abdomen, 2; breadth, 2 millim. Leg, ii—7 ; iii—534 ; iii—_4 4 5 iv— 4% millim. Patella+-tibia, iv.—scarcely 1% millim. (Thorell.) The snare, 3 inches in diameter, made by this spider is flat, like the groundwork of an orbicular web. Spider sits underneath a leaf suspended in the centre. No change made in snare during 24 hours. Found also in Amboina and Burma.
ae
ox a & ff - = .r = I
fs ; aa oe a 2
= ig = - ; ‘ ‘ “a j " - il : ii ——. * 5 i” ‘e , p a : ws li ke a = . " ae u 7 > * = i. 2 aa dre i | a ‘ 7 d a a ef = * a 7 1 — 3 Ti 7 7 ' i ra a | 7 = i a al ie - a = M ‘a ea —- aa! e ~ ”~ a sie? F “ i = = P 7 —, : : ‘ails =
a ie aes eek ee” tea! Sah rs pomeilintc * i Fi vag ee os
inne eels ie = “ire alg ald
Shereeiam as ag Si \ a A Benge pore
68
THERIDIUM MUNDULUM, L. Koch. 1872. Theridium mundulum, L. Koch, Die Arachn. Austral. p. 263, pl. xxii., fig. 3.
1877. Po amenum, ‘Thor. Studi., etc., 1, p. 463 (123). 1878. " id. ibid. ii., pp. 157 and 300, 1881. 4s ‘4 id. ibid. iii., p. 172.
1890. t= - id. ibid. iv., vol. I., p. 271.
1895. . - id. The Spiders of Burma, p. 99.
Description of Plate 68 9 —a, spider, mag; 4, natural size; ¢, profile; d, cephalo- thorax, underside; e, eyes; f, epigyne; g, cocoon, mag.
Total length, 4% ; cephalothorax, 144; breadth, almost 14 ; abdomen, almost 3% ; breadth, 22/;; height, almost 3 millim. Leg, ii—7!/, (tibia 134) ; ii.—s5 ; iii.—3?/, ; iv.—534 millim. Patella+-tibia iv.—z millim. (Thorell.)
This spider, which is common around Singapore, makes a reticulated snare, in the centre of which it lives under a twisted leaf. Its cocoon, which is yellow, is also placed under the leaf. Found also in Amboina, Celebes, and Burma.
a i " ee =. =, ar doy on ) ae = _ 4 a =| a ne, a i See = ig ihe & =
: . te
ra = mia
il i A
ae i aint i e at i - _ = = sl ap a a = ‘al ~, ree = al al. - an a J aft La ; 1 "oy } | 5 i y i P | as =f : " f 7 = i - oa 1 f = thee Pa i = cui ir] = ol UP 7 | i a a4 a 1 “i , ay o] P a : i ; I i : =! ey) ech eae OG bee Ets, ata pee oe, - cmt ay: a4 Sah: eel ai 1 ail " coals = eS BiMia es 2 ae Seneeren ony oe Jit Pei ea SARE hit, oe oh RI SE Sal AER 2p gage Nc a Pale ree Se EE GP “ili gcereness naa v Sr aa er LY a age
a aah eres ingens RAL pees Ve wolfe mrs fl inl ¢ Si Piemate ee Yr il cape ah ie Bi i
RE Rie eee 2 ake | Spe
Se parrot
Ee
7) -
ioe ote mace _e tae ie
68
Wie
Singejere 1
Peer
Shavidéam: eam ae ee ort.
69
THERIDIUM WEBERI. Thor.
1892. Theridium webert, Thor., Novae Species Aranearum, etc., p. 11.
Description of Plate 69 ¢ —a. spider, mag. ; 4, natural size; <¢, profile ; d, cephalo- thorax, underside ; e, eyes; f, epigyne ; g, do. profile.
Total length, 4 ; cephalothorax, not quite 2 ; breadth, about 12/,; ; abdomen, scarcely 3; breadth, 24% millim. Leg,i—g9%; ii—7; iii—scarcely 544 ; iv.im7%4 millim. Patella+-tibia iv.—2%%4 millim. (Thorell.)
Was found under a rotten piece of bark on a branch, at the one side of which it had its small reticulated web.
Type in my collection.
a r ale = Dei | idl ie eo CE ee ie Fi od fs
Pa
an fee += i a
= =
+ eer
ra, ih
i) ; i f i
—TAereli wnt) 6 twedertd ther,
Sea gaere
70
THERIDIUM HELOPHORUM. Thor.
1895. Zheridium helophorum, Thor. The Spiders of Burma, p. 98 (note).
Description of Plate 70 9 —a, spider, mag. ; 4, natural size; «¢, profile; @, cephalo- thorax underside ; ¢, eyes ; | epigyne ; g, do. profile ; 4, snare, reduced ; 7, cocoon, mag.
Total length, 214 ; cephalothorax, about 1'/s ; breadth, almost 1; abdomen, about 134 ; breadth, 134 millim. Leg, ii—almost 42/;; ii—scarcely 3 ; iiii—about 2"/s ; iv.— about 4 millim. Patella+tibia, scarcely 1 millim. (Thorcll.)
This spider makes an irregularly dome-shaped shelter, from 4 to 34-inch in diameter, suspended among reticulated lines, beneath the summit of which it sits back downwards. I found two specimens in Java, the snare about 2 inches across, being constructed between rails. Cocoon, 5 x 234 millim. more than twice the size of the spider.
Type in my collection.
Theridiem Aolohorum
r
Java.
at ans =. ies
a |
7
-_ aa "
I
f é
PHOLCUS GRACILLIMUS. Thor.
1890. Pholcus gracillimus, Thor. Studi., etc., iv., vol. I., p. 298.
Description of Plate 61 9? —a, spider, mag. ; 4, natural size; ¢, profile; ¢, cephalo- thorax, underside ; ¢, eyes ; /, epigyne; g, ¢ right palpus from outside.
2 Total length, 434 ; cephalothorax, about 1; breadth, about 1; abdomen, 334 ; breadth, scarcely 34 millim. Leg, i—(35); ii —23%; iii —16; iv.—22 millim Patella+tibia, iv.—s5%4 millim. (Thorell.)
6 Total length, 544; cephalothorax, 144; breadth, 1; abdomen, 4; breadth, 1 millim. Leg, i.—?; ii.—24; iii—16; iv.— 24 millim. Patella+tibia, iv.—6 millim.
Makes a large reticulated snare under shrubs, somewhat tubular. Spider lives in the hollow centre back downwards, and carries its cocoon in its jaws. Cocoon contains 12
eggs.
a
;.. i . sia ed ees sper | ae: ia : a
ae |
ae aie a x ms x: e ifs ies het ri a | Eee q Fides =. nen ae he at is ae
—
, ‘a an” wa ad hal
72
PHYSOCYCLUS GLOBOSUS. Tacz.
1873. LPholcus globosus, ‘Taczanowski. Les Aran. de la Gyane Francaise Horce Societatis Ento Rossicce, T.X. n, 1 and 2, p. 50 (Warsaw).
Description of Plate 72 9 —a, spider, mag.; 4, natural size; ¢ profile; @, cephalo- thorax, underside; ¢, epigyne and spinnerets; 4 eyes from above; g, do. in front; 4, epigyne and spinnerets in profile.
Total length, 334; cephalothorax, 134; breadth, 134 ; abdomen, 2; breadth, 2 ; height, 2 millim. The legs were broken off before I had opportunity of making measurements,
When a box of household effects, that I had brought home from Singapore, was opened, 21st May, 1893, at Craigdarragh, County Down, Ireland, a specimen of this spider was found living in it.
Only one specimen found by me.
aad ou" tp ied ge Fe Rertet —s spe Oy h = nk i ae neat ree ra eek Pp aenee & os rina fe PL ra I part LW wherein = Ah ies =e =a ene jee it ee ire
a Saami: “To nie erry. th Feet TH: 7 ; ‘ oem Le als ie ore Lie je =
re hha leet ae “rl Tat ae i — mht Ses DE ae rae
he
hoy oer a a. %y ane, oe ae an 2 ait wal ie as AT : ut mL #3 = im - ne hg
=P ole Noah ei bie part det: ‘Pwd es sae Meal ay ey koe ~, oe Be 6 Sal - eis! mesh Sn abies ret gi Souapt aod
&
ULES cae Ae RN i a >
"7
a
73
SCYTODES MARMORATA. L. Koch. 1872. Scytodes marmorata, L. Koch, Die Arachn. Austral. p. 292, pl. xxiv., figg. 4-4c.
1877. i ~ Thor. Studi., ete., 1, p. 471 (131). 1878. <5 ss id. ibid. ii., pp. 165, 301.
1881. = + id. ibid. iii., p. 180.
1890 3 - id. ibid. iv., vol. I., p. 300.
1895. a re id. The Spiders of Burma, p. 66.
Description of Plate 73 9—a, spider, mag; 4, natural size; ¢, profile; @, cephalo- thorax, underside; e, eyes; 4, epigyne.
Total length, 814; cephalothorax, 4; breadth, 3; abdomen, 4% millim. Leg, i.—33% ; ii.—26 ; iii.—18 ; iv.—243{ millim. Length of falces, 5/s millim. (Thorell.)
Prof. Thorell believes that S. ¢horacica Var. indica Van Hass. Aran. exot., 1871, p. 5; is to be referred to this species.
Ee " “7 aa > 2
teat at ehetonne aaeome!
Dinh. eee at “a =| ie oul anny -) f ia oF . : i oF =OGtt ah, pt jet feet ar BM iba ee ca * el oe ot is
IE gy ak ood ht le le
Bi cy ua 4 ack eth ae i
le snare 3 | Sher we tay See Ty mytitt
me eae ak ar od * rhe mew ai
. eit pHigaesd yy prmmitt julanore, «2a Aalns ro pes ‘thes ie Por 85 ree a athe | 2) [a aie. bey sicily ee ae
2 EE onal tba par fea, eit. ove aes ee
ind tae phan
els "Vee
Sey todas Pra? sve cet fe £ Meet
w
= 5s , = oie
7}
74
DESIS MARTENSII. L. Koch.
1872. Desis martensti, L. Koch, Die Arachn. Austral., L., p. 347, pl. xxix., figg. 2-29. 1894. - °F Thor. Arachnider fran Java, etc,, p. 5.
Description of Plate 74 ? —a, spider, mag. ; 4, natural size; ¢, profile; ¢@, cephalo- thorax underside; e, eyes; f, epigyne; g, @ right palpus; 4, nest in coral in disused lithodomus burrow.
? Total length, 12; cephalothorax, 6; breadth, 4; do. in front, 2; abdomen, 6; breadth, 334 millim. Leg, i—18; ii—15% ; iiii—13% ; iv.—18 millim. Patella+tibia, iv.—6 millim.
d& Total length, 8 ; cephalothorax, 5; breadth, 2; do. in front, 4%; abdomen, 444 ; breadth, 2% millim. Leg, i—r15; ii—10; iii—g%; iv.—13 millim. Patella+tibia, iv.—4 millim.
This spider was found by me on the Blacka Mati coral reef off the New Harbour, Singapore, the place where it was first discovered by Dr. Martens in 1861. Dr. L, Koch points out in his Arachniden Australiens, in a very interesting way, page 350, that this spider, though living on a coral reef, is not by any means a water spider, and accurately surmises the way in which it lives. I found that it was perfectly helpless when placed in a bottle of water, showing in every way that it was not in its natural element. It lives in holes made by a species of lithodomus, and spins a matted web across the hole, and so keeping an air chamber for itself during flood tide. It is found in considerable numbers, but as it runs with great rapidity, is very hard to catch.
‘ eons
|
ae ee sith
=e
ATE, Mey Fi aang ate Sk eet Ms Ae en
Perea ia
Denis
af wea” era
75
STORENA JUVENCA. sp. n.
Description of Plate 75 9?—a, spider, mag; 4, natural size; ¢, profile; 2, cepha- lothorax, underside ; e, eyes; 4 epigyne; g, ¢ left palpus from outside ; 4, do. in front.
2 Total length, 5%4; cephalothorax, 2%; breadth, 2; abdomen, 3% ; breadth, 2% millim. Leg, i.—8 ; ii.—6 ; iii —6 ; iv.—g millim. Patella+tibia, iv.--2 14 millim.
&d Total length, 5 ; cephalothorax, 234; breadth, 134 ; abdomen, 214 ; breadth, 2 millim. Leg, ig ; ii.—6% ; iiii—6 ; iv—8 millim. Patella+tibia, iv.—24 millim.
This spider was found under leaves.
Type specimens 2 and 1 2 in my collection.
SSS Oy aie ate A AYES, . ie, s i is p> ban ie tins 5 71 ve - oar é aot adm es aaa > jabetge wy v2 ja ee, - oi lek ee Phi a ioe A i a= gttiinnd Pa bi cto : Oy tbo! . ¥ “ Pe ‘ SP te es he biew calwe: Nepyarks abe ae peas
hae = alien a + daagraubern heat tases Agee es if - sate a nase " eit —— ha i. te ae gy
weg ie So) No onal te tees
“ia —
“Fa 5 r ox ae ee Oe j = i:
Sore rte silvenes
=
Sogahare
STORENA ANNULIPES. Thor.
1892. Storena annulipes, Thor., Novae Species Aranearum, etc., p. I. Description of Plate 76 9—a, spider, mag. ; 4, natural size ; ¢, profile ; ¢, cephalo- thorax, underside ; ¢, eyes; /, epigyne. Total length, 8; cephalothorax, 4; breadth, 3% ; abdomen, 5; breadth, 3 millim. Leg, i—10% ; ii.—11% ; iii —11 ; iv.—13 millim. Patella+tibia, iv.—3 millim. Found running on the ground. Type in my collection.
i
“a a = ; al i , ie ot 1 aes At i). r 4 veg r) : a a t fag). j a) L ® = hb f i = a F
Pd
ee ol ome, | Fy a, 44 all “3 “fi 4 ib " Po | : < j = 2. a. I, = a ce sae ra ir
2
ne z= a x " | : Si ee
a
el oe ez al | 4
; v “J i
mls Cara
i =a! A. aa “ =] -_ fe, ¥ a
ywnare a.
fw.) at
tar
ha i
* i
<i
4
] J
aaa
ral ' 7" ~ 2) i a i =.
m=: A a i i at ro) ‘ = En es i
‘.
Pe a ay xo rk
Kee
a aw
: ih Pa
cele’ “t Peal | ¥ L es
7
=! |
: Pal = i ao
i fi | = 1 = 7 = a a = Se a
| = > 2 a - Ms = -
canal
Ca eee poe hoe | i) iv’ iff ‘ #4 » = * . I — La a 4 o =a ll — =i, }
hla
Fe 3 E
Bere { * =
* iss '
in or |
woltan a = a : a] [) 4 il”
po
a = 7 oe Ue i | Pe La r bd ed a, | 7 viene a pba |
i = i - 1 7 fal
= I a oa a = > as
i uti
an aesmnes setter: xahy
" - a a
i
Pi
il
2
as
bel Pa 7 ut a £
se “
' =
ig. fk nee |
2 qinds, sie ee Z\ = ‘a =) ne ote i 7
a-y, : : = a ae lt . ay at 7 ty Pel i = — * ~ Th 2 =k ¥ & i i) -— a - ik ; | ; ‘i oe 4 a 2 7 bi _ 7 ee m, - §& a 7 3 = -_ ae 7 hl 7 la ri * Fi ' r _ a
a4
ds 4
a do! - pre i 7 7 CT
= i whl
. Les) ; a ll cL uke : he lig. _ ] A i Hg _ I a] *
mt iS
rs
a
i) zk.
ia =
a i
5 lerapec. fren ati her er, MngaAere
76
“J =J
CRYPTOTHELE SUNDAICA. Thor.
1890. Cryptothele sundaica, Thor., Arach. di Pinang, etc., p. 305 (41). 1894. ‘ re id., Arachnider fran Java, etc., p. 9.
Description of Plate 77 ? —a, spider, mag.; 4, natural size; ¢, profile; @, cephalo- thorax, underside ; e, eyes ;_f, epigyne.
Total length, 6% ; cephalothorax, 314; breadth, 244; abdomen, 3%; breadth, 334 millim. Leg, i—7%; ii—7; iiii—6%4; iv—z7 millim. Patella+tibia, iv.—2 millim.
This spider was found under leaves, and was very sluggish in its movements.
=.= im “wl - - =, a
4 " —s r beg 7 7 =i ia == az. i= a Bi - - 7 7 of Fi - Le us tt : ie | ir, = : - ; a | = I = i] = = aE PT i pi = J 7 “ 1 ! 1 | . J ts - L = a = i c - 4 J / i a es a = eel a - Ty — n : " - ® paay 7 _ i. = ta . _ " i J = . '
7 i}
" = |
J =
rt _
a). : pa = 7 i
— 1" - 1. a J 5 >. ; a ; . 7 ) 7 ha i n =
Le. _ »
J 7 7 ie : bd . ' =
. = _
* a a ¥ ‘b a ” + a a
=F t= % ‘ i 7 x i | __ i i = = l
- A a .
i Ve i i. Li < ei =, rt _ cogs th des ba oe Paes ae ale pe ee eke aie
“tah ios Ll 2 saneies arena tr | | ; cars ae
; Lo by
sie ee pn aa at
® ty * =
a La
es ae
a = =)
G d a ; ig J
Ory pte Yhels Sundatca.
Fr,
Jingapore
PSECHRUS SINGAPORENSIS. Thor.
1894. Psechrus singaporensis, Thor., Decas, Aranearum, etc., p. 4.
Description of Plate 78 9 —a. spider, mag.; 4, natural size; ¢, profile; ¢, cephalo- © thorax, underside ; ¢, eyes; 7, epigyne; g, snare, reduced.
Total length, 11; cephalothorax, 4?/;; breadth, 31%; breadth of clypeus, 1% ; abdomen, 7; breadth, 2 millim. Leg, ii—38"/,; ii—2734; iil—19%4; iv.—307/; millim. Patella+tibia iv.—g millim. (Thorell.)
This spider make a large reticulated snare, about two feet long, in banks or among stones, and generally takes advantage of some hole or crevice, to which one end of the net is fastened, to form a retreat in time of danger. It remains generally in the middle of the snare, but is easily frightened, and runs with great rapidity into its den. Sparsely found in Singapore.
Type in my collection.
Preck rus ii
Srna fers ee Y if yy "
Sengapere
= ~- *
| i ~se oae
—ie
;
“ q Z
79
CORINNOMMA HARMANDII. Sim.
1886. Corinnomma harmandii, Sim. Arachn. recueillis, etc., p. 24 (= ). 1887. 5 8 Thor. Ragni Birmani, etc., p. 45 (==). 1895. = is id. The Spiders of Burma, p. 40.
Description of Plate 79 2—a, spider, mag; 4, natural size; ¢, profile; ¢, cephalo- thorax, underside; e, eyes; 4, epigyne; ¢ do., profile.
Total length, 9; cephalothorax, 5; breadth, 234 ; abdomen, 4% ; breadth, 3% millim, Leg, i. and iii—about 10%; iii—?; iv.—14 millim. Patella+tibia, iv.i—4 millim.
My note in regard to the only specimen found by me is—“ Found in a twisted up leaf in a reticulated snare, but I think it is not the fabricator of the snare.”
—_ gota rr rears uy
a ater tee x ont, ‘ a a “ oy a ; A a ia «+ "ar etiggt ‘aqr ft ae: ow 7 Gaeta Ae .
I Ll : P|
he = 7 = sand S re. vaio ie AK eit ral 7 = adele cs i ‘2- ae aa La - ,
el leat Sys odin re os Po wie oe patients cal soln yee | <i 7" ask ee
Te ‘Be [
ae a i pe ‘ol ae pareees cue sigh L SS Pree ries St alg Sieh ee | i
wae uae?
= el sa
&> fname
Fabre.
Aermanedé
de ngafe re
80
CHIRACANTHIUM MANGIFERZ. sp. n.
Description of Plate 80 9 —a, spider, mag. ; 4, natural size ; ¢, profile ; @, cephalo- thorax, underside; ¢, eyes; f, epigyne; g, ¢ right palpus, from outside; 4, do. from below.
? Total length, 814 ; cephalothorax, 4 ; breadth, 214 ; do. in front, 134 ; abdomen, 534; breadth, 2 millim. Leg, i—g; iii—10; iii—6%4 ; iv.—12 millim. Patella+tibia, iv.—4 millim.
d Total length, 7 ; cephalothorax, 3 ; breadth, 234 ; abdomen, 4; breadth, 2 millim. Leg, i.—22; iii—15 ; ili—10; iv.—16 millim. Patella+tibia, iv.—s5 millim.
C. mangifere constructs on the face of a mango leaf a closely woven curtain of white silk, about 1 inch long by % an inch wide, behind which it lives.
Its cocoon, made of eggs slightly matted together, was also fastened under this covering.
Type in my collection.
Te airowct “ery area .
te 7 ie estan et a ae pa Sek pee " ? sian im 5 T oe ie hs eri: iv a ed Ea bt
‘ —
: Rate) ‘cyan fone sera tra can
7 Fall — ae é | Fea Aibateel ce eh pI Gg i
: i
= Baie
hue enerat e ie 8 eat, eae es ef - an ads Gia Aibent 1 Sah ao ee Be “i Pe ctitiby asp (gb fhe a Pilati trace op 1) k, geen sate sane ds i Si rf ame
1 | -
‘| thie a,
"
60
Chiresan Meda Pe rg hee op Ce
Sang afore
hl i aj i - a bs a ee = eer a ee ; - i. at «= | = 7 i 24 ee a ae " : an 7 7
Z 7 F ay a _ a. eo
8l
DAMARCHUS WORKMANII. Thor.
1891. Damarchus workmanii, Thor. Spindlar fran Nikobarerna, etc., p. 15. 1895. = fe id. The Spiders of Burma, p. 4.
Description of Plate 81 9 —a, spider, mag. ; 4, profile; ¢ eyes; @, cephalothorax, underside ; e¢, natural size of spider; 4, nest, reduced ; 1, 2, 3, 4 terminal claws on 1, 2, 3, and 4 pair of legs.
Total length, 19% ; cephalothorax, 814 ; breadth, almost 6; breadth of clypeus, about 4; abdomen, 11*/,; breadth, almost 7 millim. Palpi, 13%. Leg, i—23™% ; il.— 2034 ; iii —17%4 ; iv.—25 millim. Patella+tibia, i.—8; do. iv.—8 millim. Length of falces, 5 ; mamillae sup. 4 millim. (Thorell.)
D. workmaniit, Thor. makes a simple tube in the ground about 3 inches deep, without any trap door, and without raising the tube above the ground or in any way protecting it. In one case I found a lateral chamber, opening slightly larger than the tube, also without a door. 3d unknown.
Type in my collection.
Lh a Ao a
Demarthat wehmena Sing a Acre
SAROTES CURSOR. Thor.
1894. Sarotes cursor, Thor. Decas Aranearum, etc., p. 19.
Description of Plate 82 9 —a, spider, mag.; 4, natural size; ¢, profile; d@, cephalo- thorax, underside ; e, eyes ; 4, epigyne (wet).
Total length, 12; cephalothorax, almost 544; breadth, 514; breadth of clypeus, 344; abdomen, 7%; breadth, almost 4 millim. Leg, i.—28; ii.—28; iii—?; ivi— 23% millim. Patella+tibia, iv.—about 7'/¢ millim. (Thorell).
This spider was living with its young ones (about 50 in number) in a twisted leaf. The leaf was so twisted up and fastened that one could not see either spider or cocoon.
Cocoon of white silk, 2 inches by % inch broad, and attached to the leaf.
Type in my collection.
nS sd ats 7 th alee please ncn amp af Fi, OE te ea pate
1 : a ma) i -
ie ; : ur
j * ; : a On| Pi nf i BR I : ee! , ee anees ue is fark z rT
A's Pie) , bs = mie ae ee Pree eee
ae pps si = « bia +a
Oarefas Cesreer } ‘ qd r ar : Ff Otne afore bo |
r =! ie
- ae =
mi. of i a
ed | Pe . ae. © a, , . ®
ae rau aA ae Si ek
é = a eee
’
83
LOXOBATES ORNATUS. Thor.
Loxobates ornatus, Thor. Spindlar fran Nikobarerna, etc., p. 89. Description of Plate 83 9—a, spider, mag; 4, natural size; ¢, profile; @, maxillae and labium ; e, eyes; 7, epigyne.
Total length, 6; cephalothorax, 214 ; breadth, 2; breadth of clypeus, a little more than 14% ; abdomen, 4; breadth, 14/,; height (in front), a littke more than 2 millim.
Leg, i.—7 ; ii.—634 ; iii —about 334 ; iv.—a little more than 4 millim. Patella + tibia, iv. --14 millim. (Thorell).
Type in my collection,
1891.
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84
LYCOPUS RUBRO-PICTUS. sp. n.
1895. Lycopus rubro-pictus, Thor. The Spiders of Burma, p. 286.
Description of Plate 84 9 —a. spider, mag. ; 4, natural size ; ¢, profile ; ¢, cephalo- thorax, underside ; e, eyes ; 4, epigyne (hardly mature).
Total length, 6; cephalothorax, 3%; breadth, 3; abdomen, 434; breadth, 2 millim.
Unfortunately this spider after it was drawn became denuded of all its legs, so I cannot give the measurements, but the drawing of them may be taken as fairly correct.
Cephalothorax orange coloured, slightly tinged with green, clypeus edged with red, lateral eyes placed on greyish blue tubercles, eye area large ; falces yellowish green, legs greenish yellow speckled with red ; abdomen more than double as long as broad, with the posterior half gradually tapering into a kind of tail, yellowish with the upper part densely speckled with red, and moreover marked with two small red spots somewhat before the middle, and with five or six transverse slightly undulated red lines on the posterior tail-like portion. .
When living this spider was of a bright grass green, and had made its nest by twisting up the end of a croton leaf; in the nest was also its cocoon, out of which the young had just been hatched.
Type in my collection.
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7
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TMARUS PULCHRIPES. Thor.
1894. Zmarus pulchripes, Thor. Decas Aranearum, etc., p. 22.
Description of Plate 85 ¢—a, spider, mag; 4, natural size; ¢, profile, d, cephalo- thorax, underside; e, eyes; /, right palpus, from below ; g, do., from outside.
Total length, 344 ; cephalothorax, 14/,; breadth, a littke more than 1% ; breadth of clypeus, about 1 ; breadth in front, a little more than 1 ; abdomen, a little more than 2; breadth, about 1 millim. Leg, ii—almost 8; ii.—8; iiii—4; iv.—g?/, millim. Patella+tibia, iv.—1%4 millim. (Thorell.)
Type in my collection,
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a aca ‘an nee ‘est eae
te
86
DARADIUS CALLIDUS. Thor.
1890. Daradius callidus, Thor. Arachnidi di Nias, ete., p. 61.
Description of Plate 86 9 —a, spider, mag.; 4, natural size; ¢, profile; @, cephalo- thorax, underside ; ¢, eyes ; f, epigyne ; g, 1st leg showing spines.
Total length, 8% ; cephalothorax, 4; breadth, slightly more than 3% ; breadth in front (round bend), at least 214 ; abdomen, 5/6; breadth, a little more than 6 millim. Leg, i.—11 4 ; ii.—almost 114 ; iii—6%4 ; iv.—634 millim, Patella+tibia, iv—about 24/, millim. (Thorell).
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SYNEMA LINEATUM. Thor.
1894. Synema dineatum, Thor. Decas Aranearum, etc., p. 33.
Description of Plate 87 2 —a. spider, mag. ; 4, natural size; ¢, profile; d@, cephalo- thorax, underside; ¢, eyes; /, epigyne.
Total length, 534 ; cephalothorax, 24% ; breadth, almost 2% ; breadth of clypeus, about 144; abdomen, 3:/,;; breadth, 3 millim. Leg, i—7 ; ii—7¥ ; iii—q?/,; iv.— almost 5 millim. Patella+tibia, iv—about 134 millim. (Thorell.)
I have noted of this spider—“ Perpendicular snare 4 inches diameter ; spider sits in a little den, but cannot say if it had a trap line.” Probably it was an intruder in an eperid snare.
Type in my collection.
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88
ANGUS RHOMBIFER. Thor.
1890. Anzeus rhombifer, Thor. Diagnoses Aran., etc., p. 19. 1892. mA a id. Studi, etc., IV., vol. 2, p. 67. 1895. re 3 var /eucomenus, id. The Spiders of Burma, p. 278. Description of Plate 88 9 —a, spider, mag; 4, natural size; ¢, profile ; @, cephalo- thorax, underside ; e, eyes; f, epigyne (hardly mature). Total length, 6; cephalothorax, 3; breadth, 234 ; breadth in front, 134 ; abdomen, 3; breadth, 314 millim. Leg, i—o9%; iii—11¥4 ; iii—s; ivim54 millim. Patella+ tibia, iv.—z2 millim.
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77
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89
PHILODAMIA HILARIS. Thor.
1894. Lhilodamia hilaris, Thor. Decas, Aranearum, etc., p. 27.
Description of Plate 89 2 —a, spider, mag. ; 4, natural size ; ¢, profile; ¢, cephalo- thorax, underside; ¢, eyes ; /, epigyne.
Total length, 344; cephalothorax, about 1°/;; breadth, a littke more than 1%; breadth of clypeus, almost 1; abdomen, 244 ; breadth, almost 2 millim. Leg, i—4% ; ii.—almost 5; iiii—nearly 314 ; iv.—3% millim. Patella+tibia, iv.—almost 1% millim. (Thorell. )
Type in my collection.
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eg
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90
PHILODAMIA VARIATA. Thor.
1894. Shilodamia variata, Thor. Decas, Aranearum, etc., p. 29.
Description of Plate go ? —a, spider, mag.; é, natural size; ¢, profile; @, cephalo- thorax, underside ; ¢, eyes; f, epigyne.
Total length, a little more than 34; length and breadth of cephalothorax, about 14/; ; breadth of clypeus, about 1 ; abdomen, 214 ; breadth, nearly 2'/, millim. Leg, i.— about 5% ; ii—5?/;; ilii—(about 5); iv.—about 434 millim. Patella+tibia, iv.—14 millim, (Thorell.)
Type in my collection.
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91
DIETA VIRENS. Thor.
1891. Orus virens, Thor. Spindlar fran Nikobarerna etc., p. 91.
Description of Plate 91 2?—a, spider, mag; 4, natural size; ¢, profile, d@, cephalo- thorax, underside; ¢, eyes; /, epigyne.
Total length, 10 ; cephalothorax, 3 14; breadth, 34; breadth in front, 1/6; abdomen, 6% ; breadth, 3 millim. Leg, i.—13 ; ii.—12%4 ; iii—almost 7 ; iv.—7 millim. Patella +tibia, ivi—2% millim. (Thorell.)
Type in my collection.
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PHRYNARACHNE DECIPIENS. Forbes.
1883. Zhomtsus decipiens, Forbes. On habits of Zhomisus decipiens, p. 586, pl. 51. 1884. Orntthoscatoides ,, Camb, On two new genera of spiders, p. 199, pl. xv., fig. 1.
1855. “ », id. in Forbes A Naturalist’s Wanderings, etc., p. 120. 1890. Phrynarachne ,, Thor. Studi, etc., IV., vol. I, p. 35. 1890. A‘ » 1d. Arachn. di Nias, etc., p. 94.
Description of Plate 92 2? —a, spider, mag; 4, natural size; ¢, profile ; 2, cephalo- thorax, underside ; ¢, eyes; 4, epigyne ; g, spider fastened to leaf.
Total length, 14; cephalothorax, 5; breadth, 5; do. in front, 2%; abdomen, 9; breadth, 9 millim. Leg, ii—2o ; ii.—2o; iii—11; iv.—12 millim. Patella+tibia, iv.— 4 millim.
According to Forbes, this spider is of a pure chalk white when alive, and imitates the excreta of a bird for the purpose of catching its prey.
This specimen is in my collection, and is in all probability the original type specimen described by Forbes from West Java, as this was part of his collection (noted from Java but without a number) purchased from Janion, of London.
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93
BOLISCUS SEGNIS. Thor.
1891. Soliseus segnis, Thor. Spindlar fran Nikobarerna, etc., p. 98 1895. ‘ » id. The Spiders of Burma, p. 283.
Description of Plate 93 § —a, spider, mag.; 4, natural size; ¢, profile, d@, cephalo- thorax, underside ; ¢, eyes ; 7, epigyne.
Total length, 314 ; length and breadth of cephalothorax, a little more than 1% ; height, almost 114 ; breadth of clypeus, 1 ; abdomen, 2%; breadth, 234 ; height, about 2% millim. Legs, i. and ii.—about 234 ; iiii—about 2; iv.—about 2'/¢ millim. Patella + tibia, iv.—a little more than 1 millim. (Thorell).
Type in my collection.
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94
MISUMENA SEMI-CINCTA. sp. n.
Description of Plate 94 ¢—a, spider, mag. ; 4, natural size ; ¢, profile ; ¢, cephalo- thorax, underside; ¢, eyes; /, left palpus, from outside.
Total length, 2; cephalothorax, 1; breadth, 1; abdomen, 1; breadth, 1 millim. Leg, i.—5; iii—?; iiii—1?/, ; iv.—12/, millim. Measurements only approximate.
Cephalothorax orange coloured, paler in the middle, with two longitudinal parallel narrow pale ferruginous bands proceeding from the lateral eyes backward, and armed with several small black spines arranged on either side of the cephalothorax (at least behind) in a few radiating rows ; falces palpi and posterior legs yellowish, anterior legs darker yellowish with the patellz, tibia, metatarsi, and tarsi reddish brown, abdomen yellow marked on the posterior part, with a very broad transversal black band slightly notched in the anterior margin,
Type specimen in my collection.
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95
HYGROPODA PROGNATHA. Thor.
1894. Hygrepoda prognatha, Thor. Decas Aranearum, etc., p. 4. 1895. és 44 id. The Spiders of Burma, p. 221.
Description of Plate 95 9? —a. spider, mag. ; 4, natural size; ¢, profile; d@, cephalo- thorax, underside; ¢, eyes; jf, do., somewhat above; g, epigyne; 4, ¢ left palpus, in front ; z, do., from outside.
? Total length, 1034 ; cephalothorax, 4; breadth, about 3; breadth of clypeus, 134 ; abdomen, 634 ; breadth, 31/; millim. Leg, i—29%% ; ii.—23% ; ill.— 1044; iv.— 23 millim. Metatarsus, i—714; tarsus, i—6%%. Patella+tibia, iv.—6?/; millim. (Thorell.)
d Total length, 9; cephalothorax, scarcely 4; breadth, scarcely 3; breadth of clypeus, about 134 ; abdomen, 5% ; breadth, 244 millim. Palpus, 1014 ; leg, i.—33 ; ii.—25%4 ; iiii— 1214 ; iv.—24% millim. Tibia, i—7'4 ; metatarsus, i.—8 ; tarsus, 1.— 74%. Patella+tibia, iv—7'/, millim. (Thorell.)
This spider was found in considerable numbers on the banks of the pond in the Botanic Gardens, Singapore, where it lived under leaves, and when disturbed ran out on the surface of the water.
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96
VENONIA CORUSCANS. Thor.
1894. Venonia coruscans, Thor. Decas Aranearum, etc., p. 13.
Description of Plate 96¢—a, spider, mag. ; 4%, natural size ; ¢, profile; d@, cephalo- thorax, underside; e¢, eyes; /, palpus, from below; g, do, from outside; 4, do., from inside.
Total length, 334; cephalothorax, almost 2 ; breadth, a little less than 1 ; breadth of clypeus, nearly % ; abdomen, 2; breadth, almost 1 millim. Leg, i—6 ; ii.—534 ; iii.—at least 534; iv.—7%4 millim. Patella+tibia, iv.—about 2*/s. Metatarsus, iv.— about 2 millim. (Thorell.)
Type in my collection.
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97
POLYBGA VULPINA. Thor.
1895. olybwa vulpina, Thor. The Spiders of Burma, p. 228.
Description of Plate 97 9 —a, spider, mag. ; 4, natural size; c, profile; d, cephalo- thorax, underside ; e, eyes, from above ; f, do., in front ; g, epigyne ; 4, ¢ right palpus, in front ; #7, do., from outside.
6d Total length, 74 ; cephalothorax, 4 ; breadth, 21% ; do in front, 144 ; abdomen, 434 ; breadth, 2 millim. Leg, ii—19 ; ii—2o0; iii—17; iv.—18 millim. Patella+tibia, iv.—5 % millim.
? Total length, 9; cephalothorax, 4; greatest breadth, 234 ; breadth in front, 1 3 abdomen, 5; breadth, 21 millim. Legs, i., ii, iv.—about 17 (ii. pair perhaps 17%) ; iii—r14 millim. Patella+tibia, iv—gs millim. Metatarsus, iv.—s5 millim. (Thorell M.S.)
The g and 2 of P. vulpina, Thor., seem to join in constructing a large reticulated web in low shrubs, in which each sex has its own chamber about 4 inches apart.
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TAPPONIA AUSTERA. Thor.
1894. Zapponia austera, Thor. Decas Aranearum, etc., p. 16.
Description of Plate 98 é—a, spider, mag.; 4, natural size; ¢, profile, @, cephalo- thorax, underside ; ¢, eyes ; /, left palpus, from below (wet) ; g, do., from outside.
Total length, 7 ; cephalothorax, 31% ; breadth, a little more than 24 ; breadth of clypeus, about 15/5 ; abdomen, a little more than 4; breadth, almost 2 millim. Leg, i.— 12%; ii—114%; iii—g%3 iv.—about 9% millim. Patella+tibia, iv—less than 3 millim. (Thorell).
This spider was found, along with many others, in the clay nest of a dauber wasp.
Type in my collection.
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hor.
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99
OXYOPES JAVANUS. Thor.
? 1886. Oxyopes dineatipes, Sim. Arachn. Malacca, etc., p. 16. jJavanus, Thor. Ragni Birman, p. 329.
1887. 1890. 1892. 1894. 1895.
id. Arachn. di Nias, etc., p. 39.
id. Studi, cet., IV., 11, loc., cit., p. 195. id. Arachnider fran Java, etc., p. 11.
id. The Spiders of Burma, p. 247.
Description of Plate 99 ¢—a. spider, mag. ; 4, natural size; ¢, profile; ¢, cephalo- thorax, underside; ¢, eyes; f right palpus, from below; g, do., from outside.
Total length, 7 ; cephalothorax, almost 3 ; breadth, a little more than 2; breadth in front, about 1*/s ; abdomen, 4; breadth, 12/, millim. Leg, i—12% ; ii.—11; ili—9% ; Patella+-tibia, iv.—31 millim. (Thorell.)
iv.—1114 millim.
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COxyes er f0"E Aer 4 | iN hey, nt : Ke iN . \
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100
OXYOPES BIRMANICUS. Thor.
1887. Oxyopes btrmanicus, Thor. Ragni Birman, etc., p. 325. 1890. is " id. Arachn. di Nias, etc., p. 38. 1895. . "9 id. The Spiders of Burma, p. 248. Description of Plate 100 9 —a, spider, mag; 4, natural size; ¢, profile ; d, cephalo- thorax, underside ; e, eyes; /, epigyne ; g, do. profile. Total length, 14%; cephalothorax, almost 5 ; breadth, 314; do. in front, a little more than 144; abdomen, 934; breadth, 4 millim. Leg, iim22l4 ; ii.—2034; ii.— 1634 ; ivi—2o millim. Patella+tibia, iv—61!{ millim. (Thorell.)
Sin tied ore
101
OXYOPES AURATUS. Thor.
1890. Oxyofes auratus, Thor. Arachnidi di Nias, etc., p. 39. Description of Plate 101 ¢ —a, spider, mag. ; 4, natural size ; ¢, profile ; ¢, cephalo- thorax, underside; ¢, eyes; /, right palpus, from below ; g, do. from outside. Total length, 5 ; cephalothorax, almost 2% ; breadth, about 14/, ; breadth in front, almost 1; abdomen, 2%; breadth, a little more than 1 millim. Leg, i—1034 ; 1.— 934; iiii—8; iv.—93{ millim. Patella-+-tibia, iv.—234 millim. (Thorell.)
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| | pets io i = {nies +e 7 2 tie) cp at SF Hat 7 : ‘ Ts ; ike * eg ee eee, BE
1 ia
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a
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102
HYLLUS GIGANTEUS. C. L. Koch.
1846. Hyllus giganteus, C. L. Koch, Die Arachn., xiii., p. 161, pl. ccclix., fig. 1216 (% forme princip.)
1857. <Attus alfurus, Dol. Bijdr., etc., p. 431 (=<).
1857. » cornutus, id. ibid. p. 432 1859. oy a id. Tweedi Bijdr., etc., pl. iv., fig. 5 —— pe 1859. ‘ - id. ibid. p. 13, pl. xi, fig. 10 (?)
1859. » alfurus, id. ibid. pl. iv., fig. 3 (==).
1877. fyllus giganteus, Thor. Studi, etc., 1, p. 598 (258) (Var. wifet, Thor. 2). 1878. ss, » Thor. Studi, etc., ii, p. 265.
1892. ” o id. ibid. iv., vol. IL., p. 379.
Description of Plate 102 9 —a, spider, mag; 4, natural size; ¢, profile, @, cephalo- thorax, underside; ¢, eyes; f, epigyne.
Total length, 1534 ; cephalothorax, 7; breadth, 6; do. in front, about 3?/; ; abdomen, 834; breadth, 5*/, millim. Leg, i.—162/, ; ii—15*/3 ; iti—154/; ; iv.—17 millim. Patella +tibia, iii—s5%4; Patella+tibia, iv.—at least 514; Metatarsis+-tarsus, iv.—434 millim. (Thorell.)
Doleschall says—“ This is the largest and commonest species of this genus found in Amboina, and that their bite is very painful. He was bitten in the finger by one, and endured great pain from it, which did not seem always in the one place, for nearly seven minutes. One of his collectors, an old man, was bitten by one of them in the hand, which became immediately greatly swollen.”
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7
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103
VICIRIA HASSELTII. Thor.
1878. Sinis (?) Aasse/tit, Thor., Studi, etc., ii., pp. 6 and 274. 1879. Viciria nm Van Hass., Tijdschr. v. Entomol. xxii., p. 220. 1886, Rf scoparia, Sim. Art. Soc. Linn. Bordeaux xl., p. 138.
1892. i, hasseltit, Thor. Studi, etc., [V., vol. 2, p. 389.
1895. = id. The Spiders of Burma, p. 371.
Description of Plate 103 ¢ —a, spider, mag.; 4, natural size; ¢, profile; 2, cephalo- thorax, underside ; ¢, eyes; /, left palpus, from below.
Total length, 1144; cephalothorax, 5; breadth, 3+/,; do. in front, 2; abdomen, 6'/6; breadth, a little more than 2 millim. Leg, ii—15?/;; ii—r4%; iii—1434 ; iv.—13% millim. Patella + tibia, i.—6 ; patella + tibia, iiii—4 ; patella + tibia, iv. —44 ; metatarsus + tarsus, iv.—4 millim. Falce, 214 millim. long. (Thorell.)
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104
LAGNUS RUBER. sp. n.
Description of Plate 104 ¢ —a, spider, mag.; 4, natural size; ¢, profile, @, cephalo- thorax, underside ; ¢, eyes ; f, left palpus, from below (wet); g, do., from outside (wet).
Total length, 9 ; cephalothorax, 4; breadth, 2% ; do. across anterior pair of eyes, 1%; abdomen, 5; breadth, 1 millim. Leg, i—13%; iii—12; iii—12; iv.—10% millim. Patella+tibia, iv.—3% millim, Palpus, 5 millim,
This spider has considerable resemblance to Z. /ongimanus, L. Koch, but differs in the shape of the falces when looked at from in front, which, in the latter species, are rounded, and in having the large front eyes close to the margin of the clypeus, but more especially in the length of the palpi. In Z. /ongimanus the palpi are as long as the anterior legs.
L. ruber has a much narrower abdomen, but I think it is contracted owing to the strength of the spirit in which it is preserved.
One specimen only has been found by me. It was sitting on the lower side of a leaf with its long anterior legs stretched out in front, resembling a prawn or lobster.
Type in my collection.
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BY
THOMAS WORKIMAR,
PRESIDENT BeLFast Naturat. HistoRY AND PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY.
VOL. IL.
MALAYSIAN SPIDERS.
PULBISHED BY THE AUTHOR, BELFAST.
1900.
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CALOMATA SUNDAICA DOI.
1859. elecodon sundatcus, Dol. ‘Tweede Bijdr, etc., p. 6, tab, XIII, figg. 2 2c.
?1871. Calomata sumatrana, <Auss. Beitr. Z Kenntn. d. arachn. fam. d. Territelariae, etc. 12,130. Taf. figg. 1 and 2. 1889-go. do. sundaica, Thor. Studi, etc. Part 4, Vol 1, p. 416.
Description of Plate 105 9 .—a, spider magnified ; 4, natural size ; ¢, cephalothorax ; d, profile ; ¢, eyes.
@ Total length (without falces or spinnerets), 24}; cephalothorax, 9}; breadth almost 7, breadth of clypeus 6 ; abdomen 14, breadth almost ro} millim.
Leg, i—124, I.—13}, IL—13}, 1V.—14} millim. Patella + tibia, IV.—5# milim. Falce 6, falce claw 7 millim. Palpi ro} millim. Upper spinnerets 4 millim. (Thorell).
Caphalothorax and legs of a light brown colour, abdomen dark brown.
This specimen was kindly given to me by the Curator of the Government Museum at Batavia, but nothing is known of the habits of this interesting spider.
@ Unknown.
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106
CHIRACANTHIUM SUAVE N.§.
Description of Plate 106 9 .—a, spider magnified ; 4, natural size; ¢ profile; 4, cephalothorax underside ; ¢, eyes ;_/, epigyne.
¢ Total length, 54; cephalothorax, 24 ; breadth, a4 ; do. in front, 1 ; abdomen, 3 ; breadth, 2; height, 2 millim. Leg, 1—10; ii—8; iii—5 ; iv.—64 millim. Patella + tibia, iv.—2 millim.
Cephalothorax and legs of a fawn colour, abdomen dark brown.
‘Two Specimens found at Singapore. Habits unknown.
107
CHIRACANTHIUM CROCEUM N.S.
Description of Plate 107 9.—a, spider magnified; 4, natural size; ¢, profile; d, cephalothorax underside ; e, eyes; f, epigyne.
? Total length, 74; cephalothorax, 34 ; breadth, 2}; do. in front, 14; abdomen, 4; breadth, 2; height, 14 millim. Leg, i—7; ii.—6; 1li.—s5 ; iv.—-8 millim. Patella + tibia, iv.—3 millim.
Cephalothorax and legs of a yellow colour, abdomen of a light shade.
Two specimens found at Singapore. Habits unknown.
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108
CHIRACANTHIUM THORELLI N.S.
Description of Plate 108 ¢.—a, spider magnified; 4, natural size; «¢, profile; d, cephalothorax underside ; ¢, eyes ; /, left palpus from outside (wet); g, right palpus from below (wet).
é Total length, 6; cephalothorax, 3; breadth, 17; do. in front, 1; abdomen, 3 ; breadth, 1}; height, 1? millim. Leg, i—11; ii—8; iii—6;iv—g millim. Patella + tibia, iv.—3 millim. Length of falce, 1} millim.
Similar in colour to C. croceum Work.
One specimen found at Singapore. Habits unknown.
109
OEDIGNATHA SCROBICULATA, THOR. 1881. Ocdignatha scrobiculath, Thor., Studi., etc., iii., p. 209. 1889-go. do, do. do. Studi, etc., iv., vol. i., p. 345. Description of Plate 109 g.—a, spider magnified; 4, natural size; <¢ profile; d, cephalothorax underside ; ¢, eyes; f, left palpus from below (wet); g, left palpus from
outside (wet); 4, epigyne.
¢ Total length (without falces), 43 i cephalothorax, 2; breadth, 14; do. in front about 1; abdomen, 2; breadth, 14 millim. Leg, ii—64, ii—43, iii.—3, iv—54 millim. Patella + tibia, iv.—2 millim.
Colour rich chestnut brown.
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110 & 111
EURYCHOERA QUDRI-MACULATA THOR.
1897. Lurychoera quadri-maculata Thor. Araneae paucae Asiae Australis Bihang T. K. Svenska Vet-Akad Hand- lingar Band 22. Afd. IV No. 6 Stockholm.
Description of Plate 110 9.—a, spider magnified; 4, natural size; ¢, profile; d, cephalothorax underside ; ¢, eyes ; f, epigyne.
g@ Total length, 8, cephalothorax, 4, breadth, 23, in front, 14, abdomen, 5, breadth, 3 millim., Leg, i.—15, ii.—r44, il.—134, iv.—12 millim. Patella + tibia, iv.—4 millim.
This spider is of a rich yellow colour with reddish and brown markings on back of abdomen.
Several specimens found at Singapore. g Unknown.
Description of Plate 110.—Snares of Eurychoera quadri-maculata Thor.
No.1. A. Reticulated snare below which was a platform of web seven inches long from E to F, B, mass of debris suspended by silken cords from A to B length of cords four inches. C, twisted leaf suspended in snare in which the spider was seated. When disturbed it retreated to D, leaf above the snare. G, loose leaf suspended from snare,
No. 2. Reticulated snare about twenty-four inches high in which was suspended a twisted leaf four inches long forming a nest for the spider. A platform of web below the snare twelve inches long. ’
No. 3. Reticulated snare about six inches high made among the leaves of a convelvulous plant. Spider was living on the lower leaf.
No. 4. Nest in the fork of two leaves, no reticulated snare. Spider carrying its cocoon between the falces and the fore legs.
The nest in twisted leaf in which the spider lives seems from my notes to be mostly tubular.
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MATIDIA TRI-NOTATA THOR
1890. Matidta? tri-notata Thor. Aracnidi di Pinang, p. 24. Description of Plate 112 2 .—a, and aa, spider magnified ; 4, natural size; ¢, profile ; d, maxillae and labium ; ¢, eyes; f, epigyne ; g, abdomen underside.
@ Total length, 4; cephalothorax, 2, length about 1}; abdomen rather more than 2; breadth about 1 millim. Legi ? (about 4 ?), ii.—about 5, iii.—34, iv.—nearly 54 millim. Patella + tibia, iv.—almost 2 millim. (Thorell),
Cephalothorax of a brown colour, abdomen and legs yellow. One specimen found in Singapore. Habits unknown.
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113
FECENIA PROTENSA ? THOR.
1891. Jfecenia protensa, Thor. Spindlar Nikobarerna, etc., p. 31.
Description of Plate 113 9.——a, spider magnified; 4, natural size; ¢ profile; d, cephalothorax underside ; e¢, eyes ; f, epigyne ; g, snare.
Total length, 9} ; cephalothorax, 3}; breadth, 24 ; breadth in front, 2; abdomen, 6; breadth, 2$ millim. Leg, i—22; iii—13; ti—8; iv.—12 millim. Patella + tibia, iv.— 4 millim. (Thorell.)
This species makes a circular snare, three inches in diameter, in the centre of which it lives in a nest made of debris or a twisted leaf. The gis about as large as the 9 and is similarly coloured ; unfortunately I did not obtain mature specimens.
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114
DICTIS DOMESTICA DOL.
1859. Scytodes domestica, Dol., Tweede Bijdr., ete., p. 48. Tab. 6. Fig. 1.
1891. Dictis fumidia, Thor., Spindlar fr. Nikobarerna, etc., p. 33,
1894. » domestica, ibid., Arachnider fran Java, etc., p. 6.
Description of Plate 114 ¢.—a, spider magnified; 4, natural size; ¢ profile; 4, cephalothorax underside ; ¢, eyes.
Total length, 44 ; cephalothorax, 2; breadth nearly 14; breadth of clypeus about j; abdomen, 2}, breadth about 2 millim. Leg, ii—8}; iii—7$; iii—54; iv.—7} millim. Patella + tibia, iv.—nearly 24 millim. (Thorell.)
Dr. Chas. Aurivillius found one specimen in a termite’s nest in the island of Edam, as noted in Thorell’s Spindlar fran Java, etc., page 6.
115
THERIDIUM DELTAFORME N. Sp.
Description of Plate 115 ¢.—a, spider magnified; 4, natural size; ¢, profile; d, cephalothorax underside ; ¢, eyes ; 4, epigyne ; g, snare (} natural size).
Total length, 2; cephalothorax, 1; breadth, ?; abdomen, 14; breadth, 2 millim. Leg, i—34; ii—3; iii—24; iv.—3} millim. Patella + tibia, iv.—1} millim. Measure- ments only approximate.
Two specimens found at Singapore ; one was climbing over a small web in a bush, and the other with its cocoon was in a beautiful reticulated web between two leaves.
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116
THERIDIUM AUREUM N. Sp.
Description of Plate 116 9.—a, spider magnified; 4, natural size; ¢, profile; 4, cephalothorax underside ; e, eyes ; /, epigyne (wet).
Total length, 44 ; cephalothorax, 1}; breadth, 1}; breadth in front, 7 ; abdomen, 34: breadth, 2} millim. Leg, i—54; iii—4}; iii—3; iv—s5 millim. Patella + tibia, iv.—t1} millim.
One specimen found at Singapore in a reticulated snare, higher than broad, with twisted leaf in centre in which the spider sits.
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117
THERIDIUM LABECULOSUM N. Sp.
Description of Plate 117. 9.—a, spider magnified; 4, natural size; ¢, profile; d, cephalothorax underside ; ¢, eyes ; f, epigyne (wet); g, nest with cocoon.
Total length, 34 ; cephalothorax, 1}; breadth, 1}; breadth in front, 7; abdomen, 21; breadth, 1} millim. Leg, i.—4; ii.—4 ; iii—3 ; iv,—about 37 millim. Patella + tibia, iv.—14 millim,
One specimen of this spider was found at Singapore and four specimens at Penang.
‘They make their reticulated, funnel-shaped nests on the face of a twisted leaf. The Singapore spider hada small leaf fastened in the reticulation and under it was the spider and its cocoon.
118
THERIDIUM BLANDUM CAMBR.
1882. Coleosoma blandum Cambr. Proc. Zool. Socy., London, p. 428, pl. XXIX, figg. 3a—af.
1896. a * Work. Spiders, vol. L., p. 60., pl. 60.
1896. Theridion blandum Sim. La Feuille d.Jeunes Naturalistes, Paris.
Description of Plate 118 ¢ .—a, spider magnified; 4, natural size: ¢ profile; 4, cephalothorax underside ; ¢, eyes ;_/, epigyne.
Total length, 2}; cephalothorax, 1; breadth, }; do. in front, $; abdomen, 14 ; breadth, 1 millim. Leg, i—about 2}; ii—about 2}; iii—about 1}; iv.—about 2} millim. Patella + tibia, iv.—rather more than 1 millim,
The ¢ of this spider has already been figured in volume 1, plate 60 of this work.
This spider, which is common in the conservatories of the Jardin de Plantes, Paris, makes a small, simple, reticulated snare. Its cocoon, which is large, whitish, and fluffy, is carried by the ¢ suspended from her spinnerets. It has been found in Ceylon, Singapore, the Philipines, and Florida.
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119
THERIDIUM AUREO-MACULATUM N. Sp
Description of Plate 119 9.—a, spider magnified; 4, natural size; ¢, profile; d, cephalothorax underside ; e, eyes ; f, epigyne ; g, snare.
Total length, 34 ; cephalothorax, 14; breadth, 7; breadth in front, 4; abdomen, 2; breadth, 1? millim. Leg, i—3}; ii—3}; iii—3; iv.—34 millim. Patella + tibia, iv.—t1} millim.
A few specimens of this spider were found in the Botanic Gardens, Singapore. It suspends by a silken thread its bell-shaped nest, composed of little bits of stone and earth, in dark holes in walls.
The nest is about half-an-inch long and is held together by a slight web, and stayed from the mouth by numerous threads.
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120
LINYPHIA RUGOSA N. Sp.
Description of Plate r20 9 .—a, spider magnified; 4, natural size; ¢ profile; ¢, cephalothorax underside ; ¢, eyes ; 4, epigyne (wet) ; g, do. profile (wet).
Total length, 44; cephalothorax, 2; breadth, } ; abdomen, 2}; breadth, 24 millim. Leg, i.—wanting tarsus, 10}; iii—ro} ; iii 7}; iv.—o} millim. Patella + tibia, iv.— 3 millim.
Only one specimen of this spider found; it was near a reticulated snare and was carrying its cocoon in its mouth.
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ULOBORUS GENICULATUS Oliv.
1789.—Aranea geniculata, Oliv. Encycl. Méthod., etc., ii. p. 214. 1895.—Uloborus geniculatus, Thor. The Spiders of Burma, p. 127.
Description of Plate 121 9.—a, spider magnified; 4, natural size; ¢ profile; d, cephalothorax underside; ¢, eyes; “4, epigyne; g, do. profile; 4, g right palpus from below ; 7, right palpus in front; 4, left palpus from outside.
This species, which is found in all tropical countries, makes an orbicular horizontal snare, in the centre of which it suspends itself back downwards, with the legs stretched out in front and behind.
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ULOBORUS RAFFRAYI Sim.
1891.—Uloborus raffrayi Sim. Ann. Soc. Ent. France, p. 8, pl. iv.
Description of Plate 122 9 —a, spider magnified; 4, natural size; profile ; @, cephalothorax underside ; ¢, eyes; f, & right palpus from outside ; g, left palpus in front ; A, epigyne ; 4, epigyne profile.
Plate 123, snares of a colony of U. raffrayi, greatly reduced in size.
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ULOBORUS SOLIDUS, n. sp. Description of Plate 124 9.—a, spider magnified; 4, natural size; ¢, profile; d, cephalothorax underside ; ¢, eyes ; 4, epigyne (wet); g, do. profile (wet).
_ Total length, 5; cephalothorax, 13; breadth, about 1; abdomen, 4; breadth, 2} millim. Leg, 1—7; 2—3; 3—3}; 4—54 millim. Patella + tibia, iv.—2} millim.
Only two specimens of this spider found at Singapore in a reticulated snare.
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ARGYROEPEIRA BIVERTEX n. sp.
Description of Plate 125 ¢.—a, spider magnified; 6, natural size; ¢, profile ; d, cephalothorax underside ; e, eyes; _/, epigyne; g, snare.
This spider, of which I obtained three specimens, makes a horizontal snare in dark undergrowth, seven inches in diameter.
Rays, 30. Inner spiral, 5 turns. Free zone, }". Outer spiral, 70 turns. There is a piece of debris hanging below the web, suspendcd by a line of white floss
silk, which silken line goes out to the margin of the snare. When disturbed, the spider retreated to this piece of debris.
ARGYROEPEIRA NIGRO-TRIVITTATA, Dol.
1859.—Epeira nigro-trivittata, Dol. Tweede Bidr, etc., p. 39; tab. xi.; fig. v. 1881.—Meta nigro-trivittata, Thor. Studi, etc., iil., p, 126. 1889-g0.—Argyroepeira do. id. do. __iv., p. 196.
Description of Plate 126 9.—a, spider magnified; 4, natural size; ¢, profile; d, cephalothorax underside ; ¢. eyes ;_/, epigyne.
Total length, 114; cephalothorax, 4; breadth, 3; do., in front a little more than 14; abdomen, 94; breadth. 53 millim. Leg, i.—25}; ii—19}; iiii—1o0}; iv.—17 millim. Patella + tibia, iv.—g5 millim. (Thor.). .
NEPHILENGYS MALABARENSIS, Walck.
1841.—Epeira malabarensis, Walck, H.N. d. Ins. Apt., ii., p. 1ro2. 1895.—Nephilengys do. Thor, ‘The Spiders of Burma, p. 160.
Description of Plate 127 9.—a, spider magnified; 4, natural size; ¢, profile; 4, labium and falces ; e, eyes; f, epigyne; g, g palpus; 4, two forms of 2; ¢, size of smaller form ; 4, snare on face of wall; 4 do. on tree (greatly reduced).
This large and handsome spider is found in all parts of the tropics. It is very variable in colour and size. Its snare is usually only the segment of a circle, and in most cases has a tunnel from the centre of the web into which it retreats. There are two distinct forms of the @. The smaller and commoner form is of a dark chestnut brown colour, while the other has markings similar to the ¢. This latter form I have only found in Colombo.
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EUETRIA MOLUCCENSIS, Dol. 1857.—Epeira moluccensis, Dol. Bijdr., etc., xiii.. p. 418); tab. 2a; fig. 6; tab. 22; fig. 6. 1895.—Euctria do. Thor. The Spiders of Burma, p, 169.
Description of Plate 128 ¢@.—a, spider magnified; 4, natural size; ¢, profile; ¢, cephalothorax underside ; e, eyes ; 7, epigyne profile ; g, do., in front.
130
HERENNIA ORNATISSIMA, Dol.
1859. Epeira ornatissima, Dol. Tweede Bidjr, etc., p. 32; tab. 1.; fig. v.
1859. do. multipunctaid., ibid., p. 32; tab. xi. ; fig. i.—ib.
1887. Herennia do. Thor. Studi., etc., p. 166.
1595. do. do. id. Spiders of Burma, p. 163.
Description of Plate 1309.—a, spider magnified; 4, natural size; ¢, profile; ¢, cephalothorax underside; ¢, eyes; f, epigyne; (dry) g, do. (wet).
I found a few specimens of this handsome spider running on the front of the Curator’s House at the Botanic Gardens, Singapore, but did not notice their webs. Oates says it “ makes a web about three feet long on a smooth tree trunk. Width ™% or 14 of girth of tree. All the lines are vertical, forming a perfect rope ladder. ‘The web follows the convexity of the trunk, and is everywhere about ¥% inch from it. Verticals about 1 inch apart, horizontals about { inch apart” (Thorell’s Spiders of Burma page 163). Simon says in his Histoire Naturelle des Araignées page 758 that it makes an orbicular web.
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129
ARGIOPE PAPUANA n. sp. Description of Plate 129 Q.—a, spider magnified; 4, natural size; ¢ profile; d, cephalothorax underside ; ¢, eyes; 7, epigyne; g, do., profile. Total length, 11; cephalothorax, 44; breadth, 34; breadth in front, 2; abdomen, 73 breadth, 4} millim. Leg, i.—234; ii.—23; ui. — 13h; iv.—214 millim, Patella + tibia, 1V.—7 millim.
Bought from Janion, and noted as collected at Port Moresby, New Guinea, by H. O. Forbes.
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131
POLTYS ILLEPIDUS OC. L. Koch.
1843.—Poltys illepidus C. L. Koch Die Arachniden. Vol. 10, p. 97, fig 811. Description of Plate 1319.—a, spider magnified; 4, natural size; ¢ profile; 4, cephalothorax underside; ¢, eyes.
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POLTYS APICULATUS Thor. 1892.—Poltys apiculatus Thor. Bul. Soc. Ento. Italiana xxiv. Tri. iii., p. 20. Description of Plate 132 9.—a, spider magnified; 4, natural size; ¢, profile ; 4, cephalothorax underside ; ¢, eyes ; 4, epigyne profile (immature). Total length, 11 ; cephalothorax, 5 ; breath, 344 ; abdomen, 9; breadth, 6% millim. Leg i.—17% ; i—17; iil,—11; iv.—13 millim. Patella + tibia iv.—s5 millim. This spider was found in a dauber wasp’s nest at Singapore.
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133
ARANEUS (EPEIRA) AUSTERUS n. sp.
Description of Plate 133 Q.—a, spider magnified; 4, natural size; ¢, profile ; ¢, cephalothorax underside ; ¢. eyes ; /, epigyne ; g, do. profile.
Total length, 44; cephalothorax, 14; breadth, 1}; do. in front, 1; abdomen, 3} ; breadth, 4 millim. , i—44h 5 it.—4}; tii—3}; ivi—s} millim. Patella+tibia, iv. 1} millim.
Bought from Janion, and noted as collected at Ko Sula Bantam Java by H. O. Forbes.
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ARANEUS RUSSATUS n. sp.
Description of Plate 1349.—a, spider magnified ; 4, natural size; ¢, profile; d, cephalothorax underside ; e, eyes :_/, epigyne.
Total length, 7; cephalothorax, 24; breadth, 2}; do. in front, 1; abdomen, 5 ; breadth, 4 millim. Leg i—8; ii.—?; iiii—5}; iv.—g millim. Patella+tibia iv.—3 millim.
135
ARANEUS PALLIDUS n. sp. Description of Plate 135 9.—a, spider magnified; #, natural size; ¢ profile; d, cephalothorax underside ; ¢, eyes ; f, epigyne. Total length, 44% ; cephalothorax, 2 ; breadth, 114 ; breadth in front, 34 ; abdomen, 3; breadth, 2 millim. Leg i.i—g% ; ii.—5; iii—2%; iv—4 millim. Patella +tibia iv.—1% millim.
136
ARANEUS RUSTICUS n. sp. Description of Plate 1369.—a, spider magnified; 4, natural size; ¢ profile; d, cephalothorax underside ; ¢, eyes ; 4, epigyne ; g, do., profile. Total length, 6; cephalothorax, 244 ; breadth, 2; breadth in front, 144 ; abdomen, 4; breadth, 3 millim. Leg 1—8 ; u.—74, iti—334 ; iv.—6% millim. Patella+ tibia iv—2 14 millim.
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137
ARANEUS NOVELLUS n. sp.
Description of Plate 1379.—a, spider magnified ; 4, natural size; «¢ profile; 4d, cephalothorax underside ; e, eyes ;_f, epigyne and spinnarets.
‘Total length, 3}; cephalothorax, 14; breadth about 134 ; in front, 1; abdomen, 2}; breadih, 24 millim. Leg ii—4}; ii—44; iiii—2}; iv.—3} millim. Patella+tibia iv.—- 14 millim.
Between the epigyne and the spinnarets are two large yellow spots.
Two specimens of this little spider were found by me at Singapore, one of them in an
orbicular snare g inches in diameter, consisting of about 30 rays and 30 spirals. Spider was sitting in centre of web.
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ARANEUS THEISII WALCK. 1841.—Epcira theisit Walck H. N., d. Ins., Apt. ii, p. 53 Atlas pl. 18, fig 4. Description of Plate 1389.—a, spider magnified: 4, natural size; ¢, profile; ¢, cephalothorax underside ; ¢, eyes.
This spider makes an orbicular vertical snare in long grass, and sits in a nest in the grass outside the snare, with forefeet on one of the rays (no trap line). Snare No. 1, 10 inches in diameter. Rays 24, meeting in }-inch circle. Inner spiral, 4 rounds. Free zone, }-inch Outer spiral, 25 rounds at upper side. i 3° «6odo. at lower side. Snare No. 2, 6 inches in diameter. Rays, 28. Inner spiral, 4 rounds. Outer spiral, 27 do. at upper side. - 40 do. at lower side.
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ARANEUS MELANOCRANIUS Thor. 1887.—Epeira melanocrania Thor., Ann. Mus., Geneva, xxv. p. 209. Description of Plate 139 9.—a, spider magnified; 4, natural size; ¢, profile; @, cephalothorax underside ; ¢, eyes.
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140
ARANEUS TARDIPES Thor.
1898.-—Epeira tardipes Thor. Spiders of Burma, p. 193. Description of Plate 1409.—a, spider magnified; 4, natural size; ¢, profile; 4d, cephalothorax underside ; ¢, eyes ; f, epigyne ; g, snare. This spider makes a circular vertical snare, five inches in diameter, horizontally across which is a roll of brown silk, with a break in the centre in which the spider sits. Rays, 72. _ Inner spiral, 6 rounds. Free zone, \4-inch, Outer spiral, 53 rounds.
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141
ARANEUS BANTAMENSIS n. sp. Description of Plate 141 Q.—a, spider magnified ; 4, natural size; ¢, profile; 4, cephalothorax underside ; ¢, eyes; _/, epigyne ; g, do. profile. ‘Total length, 53; cephalothorax, 2; breadth, 2; abdomen, 5; breadth, 3 millim. Leg i.—? ; ii.—7 ; iit.— 5; iv.—6} millim. Patella + tibia i iv.—24 millim.
ARANEUS OPHIR n. sp. Description of Plate 142 9.—a, spider magnified ; 4, natural size ; ¢, cephalothorax underside ; ¢, eyes ;_f, epigyne. ‘Total length, 53 ; cephalothorax, 2}; breadth, 17; abdomen, 27; breadth, 24 millim. Leg img; ti.—7; iil.—5; iv.—6 millim. Patella + tibia iv.—z2 millim. ‘Two specimens found at Singapore, one in a vertical snare 7 inches in diameter, Rays, 32. Inner spiral, 6 rounds. Free zone, j-inch. Outer spiral, 37 rounds. The other in an almost horizontal snare ro inches in diameter, in the centre of which on the lower side the spider was sitting. Rays, 35. Inner spiral, 6 rounds. Free zone, 1-inch, Outer spiral, 57 rounds.
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143
ARANEUS SCURRILIS n. sp. Description of Plate 143 ¢.—a, spider magnified; 4, natural size; ¢ profile; 4, cephalothorax underside ; ¢, eyes ; /, left palpus from beneath ; g, right palpus from above. Total length, 34; cephalothorax, 2; breadth, 1}; abdomen, 2; breadth, 14 millim. Leg iis ; iii—4}; iii—m2}; iv.— 3 millim. Patella + tibia iv.—1} millim.
144
ARANEUS MALANGENSIS n. sp. Description of Plate 144 8.—a, spider magnified; 4, natural size; ¢ profile; ¢, cephalothorax underside ; e, eyes ; /, palpus. Total length, 34; cephalothorax, 2; breadth, 14 i abdomen, 2; breadth, 1} millim. Leg i.—8}; ii—7}; iiti—3}; iv.—5 millim. Patella + tibia 1v.—2 millim.
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